Bulletin No. 290 A| Economic Geology, 79 

E, Chemistry and Physics, 48

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

PRELIMINARY REPORT

OPERATIONS OF THE FUEL-TESTING PLANT OF THE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

AT ST. LOUIS, MO'., 1905

JOSEPH A. I-IOLMES

IN CHARGE

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1906

CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction, by J. A. Holmes............................................... 5

Organization.......................................................... 5

Location and buildings................................................. 5

Equipment .......... . ................................................ 6

Personnel............................................................. 7

Nature and results of the investigations.................................. 8

Some problems needing investigation.................................... 10

Detailed reports of tests................................................ 11

Analyses of Alaska coal......................................J......... 11

Investigation of peat................................................... 11

Literature relating to peat and its utilization.............................. 11

Field work, by E. W. Parker and J. Shober Burrows...... ^.................... 16

Introduction.......................................................... 16

Inspection procedure................................................... 17

Mine samples......................................................... 17

Designation of samples................................J................ 18

Samples received and tested............................................. 18

Samples collected and en route to St. Louis, January 1,1906................ 28

Work of the chemical laboratory, by N. W. Lord .............................. 29

Introduction.....«..................__................................. 29

New equipment........................................................ 29

Changes in methods.................................................... 29

Personnel.............................................................. 30

Work done in laboratory................................................ 30

Washing tests, by John D. Wick............................................. 31

Introduction.......................................................... 31

Improvement in equipment.....................;....................... 31

Tests made ..................... .^..................................... 31

Steaming tests, by L. P. Breckenridge........................................ 33

Equipment........................................................... 33

Improvements and additions............................................ 33

Personnel............................................................. 34.

Changes in methods of testing..........................:................ 34

Work done....... 1.................................................... 34

Features of the investigations........................................... 35

Special tests ............................... 1.......................... 35

Tests on mixed coals............................................... 35

Tests on dried coals................................................. 35

Twenty-four hour runs............................................. 35

Producer-gas tests, by Robert H. Fernald.................................... 36

Equipment............................................................. 36

Personnel............................................................. 36

Improved conditions of testing.......................................... 36

Number of tests made.................................................. 37

Special features of the investigations..................................... 37

3
4 CONTENTS.

Page.

Coking tests, by A. W. Belden.............................................. 38

Equipment ........................................................... 38

Personnel............................................................. 38

Procedure of tests _........................,....................._..._. 38

Extent of tests........................................................ 39

Further tests.......................................................... 39

Briquetting tests, by J. A. Holmes........................................... 40

Changes in equipment.................................................... 40

Personnel............................................................. 40

Laboratory investigations .............................................. 41

Tests of binding materials.............................................. 42

Requisites for binding materials......................................... 44

Briquetting without the use of binding materials.......................... 45

Some general conclusions............................................... 46

Some characteristics of good briquettes................................... 47

Preliminary tests in burning briquettes on locomotives..................... 48

Partial.bibliography of briquetting....................................... 48

Detailed report of tests..................................................... 53

California coal......................................................... 53

Illinois coal........................................................... 54

Indiana coal........................................................... 94

Kansas coal........................................................... 119

Kentucky coal .......................................................... 123.

Maryland coal......................................................... 131

Massachusetts peat .................................................... 133

North Dakota coal..................................................... 135

Ohio coal...............................................j ............u . ' 140

Pennsylvania coal..................................................... 166

Virginia coal.......................................................... 186

West Virginia coal...................... ^.............................. 199

Wyoming coal.......................................................... 224

Alaska coal.....................................................L..... 229

Brazil coal............................................................ 231

Index.................................................................... 235
INTRODUCTION.

By J. A. HOLMES.

ORGANIZATION.

The authority for continuing at St. Louis, Mo., the investigation of the fuel values and 

possibilities of the coals'and lignites of the United States, inaugurated at the Louisiana 

Purchase Exposition in 1904, is contained in the act of Congress making appropriation for 

the sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30,1906. This 

act carried an item of $202,000 "for the analyzing and testing of the Goals, lignites, and 

other fuel substances of the United States in order to determine their fuel values, and so 

forth, under the supervision of the Director of the United States Geological Survey."

This appropriation became available within a few days subsequent to the passage of the 

bill (March 3, 1905) and the investigations were resumed May 1, following. The appropriation covers the period from May 1, 1905, to July 1, 1906, but the present preliminary 

report covers the period from May 1 to December 31, 1905. During this period the work 

has been carefully conducted and the methods of procedure improved, as compared with 

those used during the Exposition period, but the scope of the work has, as heretofore, been 

largely limited to a series of comparative tests, made as nearly as possible under similar 

conditions, of the samples of bituminous coal and lignite collected from the different coal 

fields of the United States.

LOCATION AND BUILDINGS.

The plant in which these investigations are carried on has remained at its original location in Forest Park,'in the city of St. Louis, Mo., the grounds formerly occupied by the 

Exposition.

The preliminary installation of the plant included a chemical laboratory, a boiler and 

engine house, a storage and washery building, two buildings for' briquetting purposes, a 

drying plant, and three full-size beehive coke ovens, all of which, with the exception of 

the building containing the chemical laboratory, were, as previously reported, furnished at 

the expense of the United States Government. The chemical laboratory, during the Exposition period, was installed in a building occupied during the Exposition as a metal pavilion, 

but now utilized for cement-testing investigations. To the group of fuel-testing buildings 

have been added two others left from the Exposition one a foundry building, 100 by 125 

feet, for coking investigations, into which the chemical laboratory has been transferred; 

the other a building now used for offices which was formerly the State building of South 

Dakota. The foundry .building was supplied by the Exposition company without charge; 

the office building, a 12-room house about 150 yards from the boiler plant, was .leased from 

private parties, and a small monthly rental is paid.

The facilities at the plant for the storage of coal received for testing purposes have been 

largely increased. In the original washery building there were four 35-ton and two 17-ton 

bins. To these have been added five 35-ton bins on the northwest side of the washery 

building, immediately over the railway track; four 25-ton bins on the northwest side of 

the boiler room, and three 50-ton auxiliary, bins on the ground adjacent to the coke ovens. 

Two 5-ton bins have been added on the gas-producer platform. These have brought the 

storage capacity from 175 tons in 1904 up to 610 tons in 1905.

5
6 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

. EQUIPMENT.

The major part of the equipment of the plant during the current year has remained 

much as it was during 1904, though a number of additions have been made. In the list 

given below, the equipment mentioned in the reports for 1904 « is included for the convenience of those who may not have access to those reports; the articles which have been 

subsequently added are marked with an *. The new equipment is described more fully 

in the accompanying papers relative to the work of each division. The following list contains the more important items for all the divisions:

Two Heine water-tube boilers, 210 horsepower each, contributed by the Heine Safety 

Boiler Company, of New York and St. Louis.

One Allis Corliss engine, contributed by the Allis-Chalmers Company, of New York and 

Chicago. The Corliss engine was belt-connected to a Bullock electric generator contributed by the Bullock Electric Manufacturing Company, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

One' Frost fire-tube boiler of 100 horsepower and a 50-horsepower slide-valve engine, 

both contributed by the Frost Engine Company, of Galesburg, 111.

Two Taylor gas producers (one 7-foot producer and one 8-foot producer with inside 

diameter reduced to 7 feet by fire brick), with complete outfit for scrubbing and purifying 

gas, supplied by R. D. Wood & Co., of Philadelphia. These producers are installed to 

operate alternately with one tar extractor and one engine.

One Westinghouse gas engine of 235 brake horsepower, supplied by the Westinghouse 

.Machine Company, of Pittsburg, and operated by the gas made in the Taylor producers.

One Westinghouse electric generator, belt-connected to the gas engine, supplied by the 

Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, of Pittsburg.

Seven motors of different horsepower, required for the operation of the different portions 

of the plant, supplied by the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company.

One Bartlett direct-heat rotating drier for driving out the moisture from washed coals 

and lignites whose moisture contents were too high to permit successful briquetting, contributed by the C. 0. Bartlett & Snow Company; of Cleveland, Ohio.

One briquetting plant supplied by William Johnson & Sons, of Leeds, England.

A washing plant equipped with two Luhrig jigs,* constructed at the plant, and a modified Stewart jig, supplied by the Link Belt Machinery Company, of Chicago.

A battery of three full-size beehive coke ovens, constructed of red brick and lined with 

fire brick, contributed by the Laclede Fire Brick Manufacturing Company, of St. Louis.

One 7-ton larry'* for use in charging the coke oven, contributed by the Frick Coke 

Company, of Pittsburg.

One Climax gasoline gas machine,* about 1,000 candlepower, supplied by the Federal 

Gas Company, of St. Louis, for use in the chemical laboratory (this being rendered necessary by the cutting off of the city gas supply from these grounds after the Exposition 

closed).

One McClave rocking grate.*

One forced-draft outfit,* consisting of a blower and a direct-connected steam engine, 

supplied by the B. F. Sturtevant Company.

The foregoing list includes all that might properly be considered testing machinery, but 

the following additional incidental equipment and material were contributed by the firms 

mentioned:

One Williams crusher, by the Williams patent Crusher and Pulverizer Company, of St. 

Louis.

A complete outfit of belt-conveying apparatus, contributed and installed by the Robins 

Conveying Belt Company, of New York.

A 30-inch Jeffrey conveying belt * for delivery of coal to the gas producer direct from 

the car or from the ground bins.

Scales, by Fairbanks, Morse & Co., of New York and Chicago.

aBull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261, 1905, p. 12; Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48, 1906, p. 25.
nSTTRODUCTIOTST. - 7

Smoke-preventing device, automatic steam jet, by H. Ii\ Hughes, of St. Louis.

Thermometers and pressure gages, by the Hohmann & Maurer Manufacturing Company, 

of Rochester, N. Y.

One Crosby recording steam gage.*

Draft gages, by the Appliance Manufacturing Company, of Chicago.

One Bristol recording draft gage.*

Feed-water heater and pump, by the Stillwell-Bierce Smith-Vaile Company, of Cincinnati.

Le Chatelier pyrometers, by Charles Engelhard, of New York.

One Wann optical pyrometer.

Engine indicators and attachments, by the Ashcroft Manufacturing Company, of New 

York, and the Crosby Steam Gage and Valve Company, of Chicago.

Metallic piston packing, by the Steel Mill Packing Company, of Detroit.

Burroughs adding machine, by the American Arithmometer Company, of St. Louis.

Oil filter, by the Famous Filter Company, of St. Louis.

Gas meters, by the Pittsburg Meter Company, of Pittsburg.

Dumping car and bucket conveyors, by the Austin Manufacturing Company, of Chicago.

Centrifugal pump, by Henion & Hubbell, of Chicago.

Calculating machine, by the Keuffel & Esser Company, of New York.

Power crusher and automatic sampler for preparing samples for the chemical laboratory, 

by the F. W. Braun Company, of Los Angeles, Cal.

The plans for the buildings and their arrangement were prepared by the Roberts & 

Shacfer Company, engineers, of Chicago.

The boiler room was thoroughly equipped with standardized apparatus for weighing 

coal and water, for determining the force of the draft, for ascertaining the temperatures 

in the.different parts of the furnace, and for analyzing the flue gases. The gas producer 

and gas engines were also provided with apparatus for ascertaining temperatures, for collecting samples of the gas as produced, and for determining the horsepower developed in 

the gas engine. The electrical horsepower developed by both the steam engine and the 

gas engine was ascertained by twenty-minute readings of voltmeters and ammeters, and 

the electrical horsepower developed per pound of fuel consumed by the two different 

methods was thus accurately determined and recorded.

The chemical laboratory was equipped with every necessary apparatus and chemical 

material for making proximate and ultimate analyses and for determining the calorific 

value of the coal. This value was obtained by a Mahler bomb calorimeter, the observations being made in a room especially set aside for this purpose. To this equipment was 

added during 1905 one Abbe ball mill for pulverizing; a 48-inch square steel-top table for 

quartering samples; one large drying oven for air-drying samples, and two moisture ovens 

for determining moisture at 105° C. (these ovens'especially designed by Prof. N. W. Lord); 

an additional bomb and two Galaz thermometers for the Mahler bomb calorimeter equipment, and for general use in the laboratory two Troemner balances, one torsion balance, 

and a Climax gas machine (-referred to above).

The railroad companies entering St. Louis or having coal resources along their lines 

have cooperated most heartily with the officers in charge of this work.

PERSONNEL.

Many of the experts who were in charge of the investigations during 1904 have been 

continued in charge of the tests now being conducted. A number of additional assistants 

however, have been necessary in order that more rapid and efficient progress might be 

made with the work. In addition to the skill and services of the experts regularly employed, the operations of the plant have been aided by the hearty cooperation and ready 

and helpful advice of leading engineers resident in many parts of the country. A general 

committee; appointed by the Director of the Geological Survey, on the investigation of coal 

and other fuels is composed of Messrs. C. W. Hayes, J. A. Holmes, E. W. Parker, and M. R. 

Campbell.
8 OPEKATIONS OF -FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

The names of the experts and^ assistants employed in connection with the several divisions of the testing work are presented in subjoined reports covering these tests. The following is a-list of those in charge of the several divisions and the assistants having special 

assignments:

J. A. Holmes, fuel expert in charge.

N. W. Lord (University of Ohio, Columbus), in charge of chemical work.

L. P. Breckenridge (University of Illinois, Urbana), engineer in charge of steaming tests.

R. H. Fernald (Washington University, St. Louis), engineer in charge of producer-gas 

tests.

C. T. Malcomson, mechanical engineer, in charge of general work at the plant.

A. W. Bclden, in charge of coking tests.

W. T. Ray, assistant engineer, in charge of steaming tests.

John D. Wick, in charge of washing tests.

John A. Laird, assistant engineer, operating gas producers.

J. P. Quam, engineer, in charge of gas engine.

E. E. Somermeier, chemist, in charge of laboratory.

F. M. Stanton, head chemist.

Joseph Underwood, electrician.

The collection of the samples of coal has been under the supervision of Mr. E. W. Parker, 

of the Geological Survey. The work of collecting the samples has been done mainly and 

most efficiently by Messrs. J. S. Burrows, chief inspector; and J. W. Groves and W. J. 

Von Borries, inspectors. The methods followed in the collection and shipment of these 

samples are fully described elsewhere (pp. 17-18).

NATURE AND RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATIONS.

The principal branches of the work carried on include (1) taking samples of coal of various mines by inspectors employed by the Geological Survey for this purpose; (2) making 

proximate and ultimate chemical analyses of these samples; (3) washing tests, to determine the possibility of improving the.quality of the coal shipped by carloads from mines 

inspected; (4) coking tests, to determine the possibility of making coke or of improving 

the coking practice with a view to betterment in the quality of the coke made from these 

coals; (5) gas-producer tests, to determine the efficiency with which each coal can be used 

in this manner for power production; (6) steaming tests, to determine the fuel value of 

such coal in the ordinary steam boilers; (7) and briquetting tests, to determine the extent 

to which the fines or slack coals can be economically made into briquettes.

The results of these investigations will be discussed more at length in the later and more 

complete report. For the purposes of this preliminary report the following brief statement will suffice:

The carefully made analyses of these representative coals and lignites are giving to the 

engineers of the country data of great value, not only because this work is done with care, 

but also because the complete history of every such sample isjndicated and the record is 

authentic and reliable. Up to December 31, 1905, more than 1,600 such chemical analyses have been made, involving more than 7,000 chemical determinations.

The following tests have also been made:

In the gas" producer and gas engine, 85 tests, each extending over two or three days, of 

coals, lignites, and peats from 18 States.

In the steam boilers, 283 tests, each of from nine to eleven hours' duration, of 170 different 

coals from 18 States.

In the coke ovens, 110 tests, each of forty-eight to seventy-two hours' duration, of 95 

coals from 16 States. Of these coals a large portion have heretofore been considered as 

' noncoking coals.

In the washery plant it has been shown how the quality of 43 coals from 13 States and 

several samples of coke breeze could be improved by washing, at a nominal cost of from 

3 to 10 cents per ton.
INTRODUCTION. 9

. In the briquetting plant a number of new possible binding materials for coke briquettes 

have been investigated, and a few of these have proved sufficiently satisfactory to warrant 

further investigation as to their more extended use, at a probable cost considerably less 

than that of coal-tar pitch, which is ordinarily used for briquetting operations. A number of lignites, representing both the extreme Northwest and Southwest, have been briquetted under high oressure without the use of binding materials, and it has been shown 

that the cost of briquetting such materials should not exceed 50 cents per ton. Furthermore, it has been shown that in the use of certain briquetted coals for railroad and domestic 

purposes the increase in the efficiency of the coals used in the briquetted form is more than 

sufficient to cover the cost of the briquetting operations.

The producer-gas investigations have shown the suitability of bituminous coals, lignites, 

and peats for power purposes in the gas producer and the gas engine. While there remain 

difficulties in the way of the general introduction of this new source of power, yet the results 

of these investigations have already contributed in an important degree toward the overcoming of these difficulties and are serving as a basis of plans for new power developments 

in many parts of the country. Already 14 or more different companies are reported to be 

making producers for power purposes and others are endeavoring to perfect new designs. 

It may be added that at two of our great steel plants blast-furnace gas engines have been 

introduced for power purposes, and a dozen companies are noW either manufacturing or 

working on plans for the manufacture of gas engines.

The advances made in simplifying and handling the gas-producer equipment at the St. 

Louis plant have so increased its efficiency that the average bituminous coals recently 

tested have yielded in it 2.6 times the amount of power they have given under steam boilers 

of equivalent capacity (210 horsepower), and in several cases this difference in favor of the 

gas power has been considerably greater as high as three to one.

The development of the steam boiler and engine has required more than two hundred 

years, for the reason that along its path there was but little record of accurate data to 

serve as a basis of invention. It is confidently hoped that the information now being 

secured and assembled by the Survey will be the means of stimulating more rapid improvements and higher efficiencies in the use of fuels along several lines, and particularly of demonstrating the great practical possibilities of power developed with the gas producer and 

engine.

In connection with the large beds of lignite found in many of the Western States, the 

present investigations have been and will continue to be of much value in showing how 

these lignites may be used to advantage for power purposes, either in their natural condition, in gas producers and gas engines, or briquetted and then used under ordinary boilers, 

in gas producers, or in ordinary domestic stoves and furnaces.

These investigations, in addition to demonstrating how many of the so-called noncoking 

coals of the United Spates may be coked by exercising increased care either in the construction or in the operation of the ovens, have also shown how the quality of certain of 

these cokes may be improved by adding pitch or other hydrocarbons to the coal before 

being charged into the oven.

A not unimportant result of this work is educational, through (1) the awakening of the 

coal producers of the country to a more careful study of their coals and of possible methods 

of improvement in quality by washing, etc., and (2) the recognition by manufacturers and 

other coal consumers of the_ need of using their fuels more efficiently, and of purchasing 

them on a basis which indicates their true heating value, rather than on some general and 

indefinite trade name or-classification, or at the "lowest price."

During the remainder of the present fiscal year (to June 30, 1906) the work of the fueltesting plant will be largely confined to comparative tests of the fuel efficiencies of coals 

and lignites collected from different coal fields. But if provision is made for continuing 

the investigations beyond this period, there are a number of important fuel problems that 

await investigation and that should be investigated by the Government, not only because 

of their importance but because of the further fact that the solution of these problems has
10 OPERATIONS OF FU EL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

to do with the supplies of power, heat, and light and with metallurgical industries in every 

part of the country.

Some of the more important of these fuel problems are outlined in the following 

paragraphs:

SOME PROBLEMS NEEDING INVESTIGATION IN THE UTILIZATION OF

AMERICAN FUELS."

FUELS FOR GENERAL AND METALLURGICAL PURPOSES.

(1) The investigation of coal dust and coal gas in relation to fires and.explosives in coal 

mines and elsewhere. . .

(2) An investigation of the nature and extent of. the deterioration or other changes of 

different coals when mined and stored under different conditions, as affecting (a) their 

efficiencies when used in boilers or gas producers or when used for domestic purposes; 

(6) their value for coking; (c) their liability to spontaneous combustion.

(3) The development of quicker and cheaper methods of testing coals, lignites, and other 

fuels, based on a knowledge of their chemical and physical characteristics.

(4) The establishment of an equuable basis for the sale and purchase of coal and other 

fuels, embodying a statement of their heat units and chemical and physical properties.

(5) The determination of the chemical and physical properties and fuel values of coals, 

lignites, and peats from such fields as have not yet been fully examined, or from new deposits that are being or may be opened up; also of the comparative values for fuel and power 

purposes of different coals, lignites, peats, and other substances.

(6) The development of briquetting and other methods for utilizing most efficiently 

slack or fine coals.

(7) The development of washing and other methods of improving the quality of lowgrade coals for different .uses. . . .

(8) An investigation of the advantages of sizing coals for different uses, under different 

conditions, as compared with the use of run-of-mine coal.

(9) Investigations of coals in their relation to metallurgical work; of conditions under 

which the so-called noncoking coals can be made into coke by mixing different coals, by 

mixing other materials with the coals, or by other methods; of the relative value of cokes 

made in different ovens and under different conditions; of the most economical methods 

of making and using gases for metallurgical purposes.

(10) An investigation of the extent to which valuable by-products can be manufactured 

from the different American coals.

FUELS FOR BOILER PURPOSES.

A study of conditions under which different coals may be most economically burned 

under steam boilers, including the laws of combustion and smoke prevention:

(1) By variation of furnace conditions, as to grates, baffling, draft, rate of combustion, 

temperature, etc.

(2) By variations in character of the coal, as to sizes, etc., rate and regularity of firing, 

condition of the coal, etc.

(3) The effect of distribution and composition of ash in different coals, as to their economical burning.

(4) Reduction in the ash by washing the coal and other methods of lessening or avoiding the slagging of the ash on grate bars.

FUELS USED IN GAS PRODUCERS.

(1) The conditions under which different bituminous coals, lignites, and peats may be 

most efficiently used in gas producers.

a Reproduced largely from Senate Doc. 214, 59th Congress, 1st sess., 1906. 
INTRODUCTION.. 11

(2) The separation of the tar and other by-products from the gases made in the producer and the commercial recovery of these by-products, or the fixing of the tar and other 

hydrocarbons as available gases for power purposes.

(.3) The use of slack coals in the gas producer and the value of the sizing of lump coals, 

for producer purposes.

(4) Utilization .of blast-furnace gases and gases from coke ovens for power purposes.

DETAILED REPORTS OF TESTS.

Reports in detail of the results of the various tests described are printed on pages 53-233. 

It will be noted that the form and order in which the various test tables are arranged differ from those used in the reports on the fuel tests made during 1904.« In the present 

report the test records are grouped together under the respective coal samples and the 

samples are presented by States in alphabetical order. That this method of publication 

is an improvement will be apparent.

ANALYSES OF ALASKA COAL.

By way of cooperation with the Alaska division of the United States Geological Survey 

the laboratory of the fuel-testing plant at S'. Louis analyzed 34 coals, samples'of which 

were collected in the Bering and Matanuska River coal fields by Mr. G. C. Martin, one of 

the assistant geologists of the Survey. These analyses are to be found on pages 230-231

of this report.

INVESTIGATION OF PEAT.

Arrangements are being made for an^xamination of the nature and fuel value of peat 

from a number of localities in the different States. Prior to the writing of this report peat 

from but one locality (Massachusetts) has been tesled through the producer and gas engine. 

The results of this test are given on page 134. The peat was collected, cut into small fragments, pressed into crude bricks approximately 3 by 6 by l\ inches in size, and the moisture reduced, by air drying, from 85 to 45 or 50 per cent. In this form the peat was fed 

into the producer at the rate of 600 to 750 pounds per hour. The results of the test were 

eminently satisfactory. The peat burned freely, evenly, and completely. The gas had a 

fuel efficiency of 166 British thermal units per cubic foot of gas, as compared with 142 to 

159 British thermal units per cubic foot of gas made from bituminous coal. The engine 

was run continuously during this test under full load. This same peat, cut into small 

fragments, but in a loose and wet condition (containing 80 to 85 per cent of moisture), 

did not burn satisfactorily in the producer, and attempts to dry this loose peat in the Bartlett direct-heat rotating dryer were unsatisfactory, owing in part,, probably, to lack of 

time for readjusting the equipment to suit the unusual conditions imposed on it in handling the peat.

Shipments of peat from a number of other localities will be tested during 1906 and efforts 

will be made to develop better facilities for handling the unbriquetted material.

LITERATURE RELATING TO PEAT AND ITS UTILIZATION.

The following list will be found to include a number of articles of interest on the character and extent of peat deposits and the methods through which they are utilized in different 

countries. In a subsequent and more elaborate report on this subject the list of articles 

will doubtless be enlarged and descriptive notes will be added.

' 1816. 

Cook, G. H., Geology of New Jersey, p. 481.

1835. 

Hitchcock, C. H., Reports on geology of Massachusetts.

oBull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261,1905; Prof. P.aper U. S. Geoi. Survey No. 48,1906.
12 OPEEATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

1841. 

Hitchcock, C. H., Reports on geology of Massachusetts.

1842. 

Dana, S. L., Muck manual, Lowell.

- 1851.

Brande, W. T., On peat and its products: Roy. Inst. Proc., pp. 109-111; also Am. Jour.. Sci., 2d ser., 

vol. 11, p. 440.

. 1853.

Michigan Agric. Rept., Peat in Wayne County, p. 302.

1855. 

Michigan Agric. Kept., Peat in Wayne County, p. 367.

1856. 

Hitchcock, C. H., Reports on geology of Massachusetts.

1859. 

Vogel, A., Der Torf, seine Natur und Bedeutung, Braunschweig. ^

1861. 

Geology of Vermont, vol. 1, p. 174.

1862.

Senft, F., Humus, Marshen, Torf, und Limonit-Bildungen, Leipzig.

1866.

Illinois Geol. Survey, vol. 1. ,, <.. 

Johnson, S. W., Peat and its Uses. New York. ,.> .,»«.» ,.

1867. ^ ' 

Leavitt, T. H., Facts about Peat, Boston.

1868. 

Illinois Geol. Survey, vol. 3.

' 1870. 

Illinois Geol. Survey, vol. 4. 

White, C. A., Geology of Iowa, vol. 2, pp. 275-288.

1872. 

Lesquereux, L., Origin of coal: Hayden's Survey.

1873.

Geology of Ohio, vol. 1, pp. 221, 509, 571. 

Illinois Geol. Survey, vol. 5. 

Minnesota Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Second Ann. Rept.

1874.

Trans. Wisconsin State Agric. Soc. 1874-75, pp. 75-92. 

Geology of Ohio, vol. 2, p. 222.

1875.

Gowenlock, N., Peat and its uses: Cultivator and Country Gentleman, p. 275.

1877. 

Geology of Wisconsin, vol. 2, pp. 240-246.

1878.

Geology of Ohio, vol. 3, pp. 454, 499. 

Hitchcock, C. H., Reports on geology of New Hampshire, vol. 3.

1881. 

Skogshushallning och Torflndustrie: Jern. Kontorets Annaler, vol. 36, p. 1.

1884. 

Hunt, T. S., On peat and its uses: Canadian Nat., new ser., vol. 1, pp. 426-441.

1835. 

Lesquereux, L., Origin of coal: Ann. Rept. Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, p. 109.

1887. 

Roth, J., Alg. Chem. and Phys. Geol., vol. 2, p. 639.

1889. 

Hirschbold, , Ueber Torflndustrie: Bayerisches Industrie und Gewerbeblatt, vol. 21, p. 59.
LITEKATTJRE" BELATING TO PEAT. 13

1890.

Shaler, N. S., Fresh-water morasses of the United States: Tenth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 

255-339.

1891.

Ekelund, , Comprimirte Torfkohle: Oesterreichische Zeitschrift fiir Berg- und Hiittenwesen, vol. 30,

p. 490.

Peat, its use and value for fuel: First Rept. Ontario Bureau of Mines, p. 175. 

Shaler, N. S., On peat and swamp soils: Twelfth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 1, p. 311. 

Soetje, , Neues Verfahren der Fabrication von Torfkohlen und Torfbriquetts: Deutsche landwirthschaftliche Presse, vol. 18, p. 27. 

Zur Bildung der Torflager: Berg- und hiittenmannische Zeitung, vol. 50, p. 271.

1892.

Ells, R. W., Peat industry of Canada: Rept. Ontario Bureau of Mines, No. 2, p. 195.

Pribyl, , Die Verwerthung von Torf: Eisen-Zeitung, vol. 13, p. 899.

Rothbarth, , Gewinnung und Verwerthung der Torfstreu: Deutsche landwirthschaftliche Presse,

vol. 19, p. 999. 

Verarbeitung des Tories zu technisch-industriellen Zwecken: Uhland's Industrielle Rundschiiu, vol.6,

p. 121. 

Vogel, , Die entscuchcnde Wirkung des Torfmulls: Mittheilungen dcs Vereins zur Fordcrung der

Moorcultur im Deutschen Reiche, vol. 10, p. 301.

1893.

Peat as fuel: Am. Gaslight Jour., vol. 59, p. 153.

Peat and its products: Jour. Roy. Agric. Soc. for December, pp. 777-778.

Petrin, , Torfmull und seine Verwendung: Mittheilungen iiber gegenstiinde des Artillerie-Geniewesens, vol. 28, pp. 938-945.

1894.

Beitriige zur Tori Verwerthung: Neueste Erfindungen und Erfahrungen von Koller, vol. 21, p. 123. 

Dvorkovitz, P., The. distillation of peat: Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind.' vol. 13, p. 590. 

Mineral Industry, vol. 2, p. 489.

tiber Verwendung von Torf im Bauvvesen: Zeitschrift des Architekten- und Ingenieur-Vereins zu Hannover, vol. 40, p. 225.

1895.

Shaler, N. S., Origin, distribution, and commercial value of peat deposits: Sixteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. 

Geol. Survey, pt. 4, pp. 305-314.

1896.

Exploitation et les emplois de la tourbe: La Vie Scientifique, Revue, vol. 1, p. 321. 

Moss litter and the special advantages of sphagnum: Ontario Bureau of Mines, pp. 185-192. 

Rosendahl, , Herstellung eines steinkohlenartigen Brenrunaterials aus Torf: Chemiker Zeitung, 

Chemisches Repertorium, vol. 20,189G, p. 320; Wieck's illustrirte deutsche Gewerbezeitung, vol. 61,

p. 349.

1897.

Holz, , Torfverkohlung: Zeitschrift fiir angewandte Chemie, pp. 772-770.

Quaet-Faslem, , Herstellung von Coks und Briketts aus Torf: Mittheilungen des Vereins zur

Forderung der Moorcultur im Deutschen Reiche, vol. 15, pp. 83-100. 

Von Feilitzen und Tollens, Gahrungsversuche mit Torf: Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, vol. 30, pp. 25, 77, 81.

1898.

Application of North German peat in electric power stations: Gliickauf, April 16.

Distillation of peat in a closed retort: Revue Technique, April 10.

Compressed peat as a fuel: Canadian Electric News, September.

Glasenapp, , Verwertung der Riga'schen Torflager: Riga'sche Industrie-Zeitung, vol. 24, p. 109.

Jablonsky, , Compostbereitung mittelst Torfmull: Mittheilungen des Vereins zur Forderung der

Moorcultur im Deutschen Reiche, vol. 10, p. 261. 

Koller, Dr. Theo., Die Torfmdustrie, Hartleben, Wien. 

Mineral Industry, vol. 7, p. 191.

Fag'% W. N., Making coal of bog peat: Iron Age, August 18, vol.- 02, p. 3. 

Thede, , Die jungste Kohle, der Torf: Chem. und Techn. Zeit., Wien, vol. 16, No. 7F.

1899.

Baskerville, C., Occurrence of vanadium, chromium, and titanium in peats: Jour. Am. Chem. Soc.,

vol. 21, p. 706. 

Brennstoff aus Torf: Mittheilungen aus der Praxis des Dampfkesseln und Dampfmaschinen Betriebes,

vol. 23, p. 479.

Johnson, T., Irish peat question: Econ. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. 1, pt. 1. 

Koller, Dr. Theo., Zeitschrift fur practische Geologic, vol. 24, p. 24.
14 OPEBATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

Leverett, Frank, The Illinois glacial lobe: Mon. U. S. Oeol. Survey, vol. 38, pp. 32, 127, 14], 185, 216, 

234, 450, G29, 659, 672, 711, 725.

 Miiller, 0., Die Verbreitung der deutschen Torfmoore nach statistischen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt:

Abstract in Zeitschrift fur practische Geologie, vol. 24, pp. 193, 277, 314. 

Peterman, , Utilisation des Tourbes beiges: Bull, beige, vol. 13, pp. 330-340. 

Schatz, D., Der Torf als Spinn und Weberstoff, Leipzig. ' 

Seyfert, A. G., Peat in Canada: Eng. and Min. Jour., September 23, p. 371.

Sjostedt, E. A., Occurrence and utilization of peat: Mineral Industry, New York, vol. 7,-pp. 191-198. 

Thenius, . , Wichtigkeit der neuen Torfverwerthung und Verarbeitung: Chem. und Techn. Zeit., 

' Wien, vol. 17, No. 20.

Utilization of Belgian peat: Eng. and Min. Jour., October 4. 

Zschorner, K. A., & Co., Torf-Industrie, Wien.

1900.

Bjorling, P. R., Series of articles on use of peat as fuel: Colliery Guardian, vol. 80, pp. 1127,1183, 1294.

Borntrager, , Analyse des Torfes: Zeitschrift fur analytische Chemie, vol. 39, p. 694.

Classen, , Aufbereitung und Bedeutung des Torfes als Brennmaterial: Mittheilungen des Vereins

zur Forderung der Moorcultur im Deutschen Reiche, vol. 18, p. 250; Deutsche landwirthschaftliche

Presse, vol. 27, p. 1109. . .

Experiments with peat as fuel: Am. Gaslight Jour., vol. 72, p. 327. 

Miiller, Arthur, Herstellung von Brenntorf un.d Torfkohle: Mijtheilungen des Vereins zur Forderung

der Moorcultur im Deutschen Reichi, vol. 18, pp. 269-270.

Neuegebiete der Torfindustrie u. s. w.: Deutsche landwirthschaftliche Presse, vol. 27, p. 255. 

Ontario Bureau of Mines, Rapt., p. 21. 

Schondeling, , Herstellungen von Brennmaterial aus Torf: Gluckauf, vol. 36, pp. 793-797; Abstract

in Jour. Iron and Steel Inst., vol. 2, p. 487.

 Sherzer, W. H., Geology of Monroe County, Mien.: Rept. Michigan Geol. Survey, vol. 7, pt. 1, pp. 10,

24, 156, 157. . 

Use of peat as fuel: Colliery Guardian, January 5.

Winchell, N. H., Glacial lakes of Minnesota: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, No. 12, p. 109. 

Zechner, , Torf undTorfindustrie: Prometheus, vol. 11, p. 577.

1901.

Andrep, Aleph, Swedish methods of preparing peat fuel: Eng. News, vol. 45, p. 434. 

Bache, , Peat fuel in Scandinavia: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., vol. 146, pp. 229-241. 

Bjorling, P. R., Series of articles on use of peat as fuel: Colliery Guardian, vol. 81, p. 21. 

Borntrager, , Technische rasche Analyse des hellen und dunklen Torfes: Zeitschrift fur analytische

Chemie, vol. 40, p. 639. 

Classen, , Neues Verfahren der Bearbeitung des Torfes von Galecki: Mittheilungen des Vereins

zur Forderung der Moorcultur im Deutschen Reiche, vol. 19, pp. 42-47.

Feilitzen, C. von, Godlingsforsok utforda af Svenska Mosskulturforeningen, Aren, 1887-1899, Goteborg. 

Heine, , Torfverkohlung und Torfkohlenwerke: Mittheilungen des Vereins zur Forderung der

Moorcultur im Deutschen Reiche, vol'. 19, pp. 13-15. 

Larbaletrier, A., La tourbe et les tourbieres, Paris. 

Peat fuel industry in Sweden: Engineer, vol. 91, p. 149. 

Torf und Steinkohle: Kraft, vol. 18, pt. 1, pp. 633-634F.

Untersuchungen u'ber Torfbriketts: Dingler's Polytechnisches Jour., vol. 316, pp. 225-226. 

Verarbeitung des Torfes zu techniscn-industriellen Zwecken: Industrie-Blatter, vol. 28, p. 260.

1902. . '

Andersbn and Dillner, Heizwert des Torfes: Oesterreichische Zeitschrift fiir Berg- und Huttenwesen,

voi. 50, p. 102. 

Bersch, , Torfmull: Oesterreichisches landwirthschaftliches Wochenblatt, vol. 28, p. 355; Verwertung des Torfes: Oesterreichische Chemiker-Zeitung,'vol. 5, p. 385. 

Brooks, A.'H., Coal resources of Alaska: Twenty-second Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3, pp. 570,

 571.

Dal, Adolf, The utilization of peat: Eng. Mag., vol. 24, p. 204.

Electrical manufacture of peat fuel: Sci. Am., October 11.

Ells, R. W., Report on geology of Argenteuil and other counties, Province of Quebec: Can. Geol. Survey, Ann. Rept., new ser., vol. 12, pp. .1 J-138 J.

Fabrikation von Torfkohle auf elektrischen' Wege: Eng. and Min. Jour.; vol. 74, p. 41.

Heumann, , Erfahrungen mit der Verfeuerung von Torf-Briquetts: Deutsche landwirthschaftliche 

Presse, vol. 29, p. 247.

Jebsen, B., Manufacture- of peat fuel by aid of electricity: Engineer, London, June 27.

Jebsen, B., Process for producing peat coal by electricity: Sci. Am., October 11, p. 237.

Kroupa, Gustav, New process for preparing peat for briquetting and other purposes: Oesterreichische 

Zeitschrift iiir Berg-und Hiittenwesen, February 1, 8; Colliery Guardian, March .7.

Leverett, Frank, Glacial'formations and drainage features pf'the Erie and Ohio basins: Mon. U. S. 

Geol. Survey, vol. 41, pp. 279, 363-365, 781. " ' " ' '
LITERATURE RELATING TO PEAT. 15

Making peat briquettes by electric power: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 74, p. 41. 

Peat fuel: Eng. Rec., vol. 46, p. 29.

Schreiber, H., Neues iiber Moorkultur und Torfverwerthung, 1900-01, Staab bei Pilsen. 

Torfverwertung: Kraft, vol. 19, pt. 1, p. 216. 

Utilization of peat as fuel: Eng. News, vol. 47, June 12, p. 476.

Ziegler, , Der Torf als Heizmaterial:' Mittheilungen des Vereins zur Forderung der Moorcultur im 

Deutschen Reiche, vol. 20, pp. 300-306.

1903.

Booth; , Peat fuel: Eng., Cleveland, vol. 40, p. 510.

Briquettierung des Torfes: Mittheilungen des Vereins zur Forderung der Moorcultur im Deutschen

Reiche, vol. 21, pp. 109-124.

Carter, W. E. H., Peat fuel, its manufacture and use: Rept. Ontario Bureau of Mines, p. 191. 

Fabrikation von Torfkohle auf elektrischen Wege: Zeitschrift des Vereins deutscher Ingenieure, vol.

46,p. 1958.

Helbing, , "Torfholz," ein neuer Baustoff: Uhland's Technische Rundschau, vol. 2, p. 64. 

Jebsen, B., Verkokung von Torf auf elektrischen Wege: Mittheilungen des Vereins zur Forderung der

Moorcultur im Deutschen Reiche, vol. 21, pp. 125-134. . . 

Manufacture of peat fuel: Engineer, London, vol. 96, p. 500.

Mason, , Lignite, peat, and coal-dust fuel in Germany: Elec. Review, New York, vol. 42, pp. 612-614. 

Michigan Geol. Survey, Marl, vol. 8. 

Papierbereitung aus" Torf: Papierfabrikant, pp. 469-473. 

Peat coal by electricity: Mechanical World, vol. 34, p. 229. 

Rie's, Heinrich, Uses of peat and its occurrence in New York State: Twenty-first Rept. New York State

Geologist, p. r53. 

Schreiber, H., Torf als BaustofE: Oesterreichische Wochenschrift fur den offentlichen Baudienst, vol. 9,

pp. 592-593. ' 

Wotherspoon, H. H., Use of peat for fuel: New York Times, September 20.

1904.

-Frank, - , Moorkultur und Torfverwertung: Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Beforderung des Gewer- 

 befleisses Sitzungsberichte, pp. 171-190.

Frank, , Torfgasbetriebe fur grosse olektrischo Zentrallen: Zeitschrift fiir angewandte Chemie, 

vol. 17, pp. 289-296.

Manufacture of peat briquettes: Sci. Am. Suppl., vol. 58, p. 24078.

Peat as a fuel: Sci. Am. Suppl., vol. 58, p. 23881.

Pietrusky, , Die Torfbrikettindustrie in Canada: Chemische Industrie, vol. 27, p. 698.

Praktische Erfahrungen iiber die Vcrwendung clcs Torfes als Baustoff: Erflndungen und Erfahrungcn 

neueste, vol. 31, pp. 263-265.

Simmersbach, , TcChnisches von der Ausstellung fur Moorkultur und Torfindustrie, Berlin: Zeitschrift fiir das Berg-, Hiitten-, und Salinenwesen, vol. 52, pp. 232-244.

Strongs, , Torfgewinnungsmaschine: Mittheilungen des Vereins zur Forderung der Moorcultur im 

Deutschen Reiche, vol. 22, pp. 195-197.

Torf und naphtha: Sprechsaal, vol. 37 p. 1915.

Tourbe et son utilisation: Revue technique, vol. 25, p. 658.

Utilization of peat: Iron and Coal, vol. 69, p. 984. N

Wolff, , Torfverwertung: Kraft, vol. 21, p. 862.

Wolff, , Versuche iiber die Verwertung des Torfs: Zeitschrift des Vereins deutscher Ingenieure,

vol. 48, p. 887.

. Wotherspoon, H.H., Recent advances in the utilization of peat and lignite: Eng. andMin. Jour.,vol. 77, 

p. 562.

Zaloziecki, , Torf und naphtha: Bayerisches Industrie- und Gewerbeblatt, p. 360.

1905.

Cheney,'j; M., Peat in Florida: Engineer U. S. A., August 15.

Fulton, John, Coke, a treatise on the manufacture of coke and other prepared fuels, and the saving of

by-products, Scranton, Pa., chap. 11, pp. 406-462. 

Lakes, A., Peat and its relation to coal: Min. Rept., August 31. 

Schnatterbeck, C. C., Peat, its uses and value: Mining World, September 30. 

Stillings, L. A., Application of peat fuel: Elec.-Chem. and Met. Ind., November. 

Utilization of peat: Engineering, August 25.

DATE NOT HERE ASSIGNED. '

Birnbaum, , Die Torfindustrie.

Forster, A., and Dr. H. Gurke, Ueber Torfwolle.

Hausding, A., Industrielle Verwerthung der Moore.

Kreuger, H. A., Development of the peat industry in Canada: Canadian Engineer, Toronto.
FIELD WORK.

By EDWARD W. PARKER and J. SHOBF.R BURROWS.

INTRODUCTION.

The collection of samples of coal for testing purposes for the year 1905 was begun by 

Mr. Burrows, under the direction of Mr. Parker, during the latter part of April. The early 

work consisted of shipping several samples of coal from Illinois, arrangements for which 

had been made during the Exposition period, but which could not be carried out until the 

work was resumed under the new appropriation.

Later, Messrs. John W. Groves and William J. Von Borries were employed as inspectors, 

and shipped most of the samples. Mr. Marius R. Campbell, of the United States Geological 

Survey, cooperated with the fuel-testing plant to the extent of shipping several samples 

of coal and lignite from points in the Western States, this work being done in connection 

with his geologic field work.

About May 1 an application form "to have coal tested at the United States Geological 

Survey coal-testing plant at St. Louis, Mo.," was sent to each operator of a shipping colliery 

in the United States. A descriptive circular accompanying this form set forth the conditions under which coal might be furnished for testing purposes, as follows:

1. The coal must be furnished to the testing plant free of cost to the Government.

2. The coal must be loaded under the supervision of one of the inspectors employed for that purpose, 

who shall be at the same time allowed to visit the working places in the mine to secure samples for 

analysis.

3. W hen it is possible to do so, the coal should be loaded in box cars and shipped under seal Lignites 

must always be shipped in this way.

4. Where the market requires screened coal, this grade will be accepted for tests. The selection of coal 

is always to be under the direct control of the representative of the testing plant

5. W here one of the problems involved is the better utilization of slack coal, a carload of slack may be 

accepted for testing purposes.

6. AS soon as possible after the tests are completed, a brief statement of the results will be furnished 

to parties supplying the coal, for their information, but this must not be made public until the results 

are published by the Geological Survey.

7. Everyone interested in any particular test or in the general operation of the plant is invited to be 

present at any time, but the official record of the tests will not be given out except as indicated in the 

preceding paragraph.

The committee in charge of the work, recognizing the probability of receiving applications 

from two or more operators working the same seam of coal in the same locality, reserved 

the right to accept but one such application, in order that unprofitable duplication of 

results might be avoided.

The largest number of applications were received from Illinois, probably owing to the 

proximity of that field to St. Louis and the consequent low freight rates. Indiana, Ohio, 

West Virginia, and Tennessee follow Illinois in the number of applications, while Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, and Alabama are well represented in the tests of 

coals from the Appalachian field, and Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory in the tests of coals from the western interior fields. Applications for tests have also 

been received from North Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, 

Oregon, North Carolina, and Georgia, and arrangements for meeting these requests have 

been made.

16
FIELD WOEK. 17

INSPECTION PROCEDURE.

In collecting the samples to be shipped to the plant, an inspector visits the mine and 

carefully examines the coal throughout its extent. He sees that the coal loaded for testing 

purposes fairly represents the average product of the mine; that when screened coal is to 

be sent, the size selected is available to the consumer and adapted to the purpose for which 

it is to be tested. Therefore, his first duty is to examine" the screens and observe the 

method generally employed in separating the slate and other impurities from the coal 

while it is being loaded in the railroad car. He then enters,thc mine and notes carefully 

the character of the bed, the method of mining, and .the amount of care taken by the miners 

to separate the shale partings and sulphur balls from the coal while loading it into mine cars. 

While the sample is being loaded into the railroad car the inspector stands inside and 

permits the slate pickers to discard only such material as is thrown off in the usual practice 

and as is consistent with the customary speed of loading. The material thrown out is 

afterwards examined by the inspector to determine why it is considered detrimental to the 

fuel value of the coal. When large amounts of slate, bone, iron pyrites, etc., have been 

discarded, the entire amount of refuse is weighed and noted in the inspector's report. 

Should the weight of this refuse exceed 2 per cent of the total weight of the sample of coal, 

the refuse is carefully sampled and analyzed. By this means an approximate idea of the 

reduction of ash and sulphur, due to hand picking, can be ascertained.

t MINE SAMPLES.

Two or more samples for chemical analysis are taken by the inspector from working 

places in the mine. These analyses give the experts at the plant a definite idea of the 

quality of the coal before the practical tests are begun. They are also useful in showing 

the composition of the coal in its native condition; especially is this true of the moisture 

content. The object of the inspector is to secure a sample that will, as nearly as possible, 

represent run-of-mine coal.

The analytical results from mine samples taken during the Exposition period (August to 

December, 1904) showed that some modification of the method then used was desirable. 

These changes have been made with the idea of determining more accurately the amount 

of moisture in the coal in its native condition and of eliminating as far as possible the personal element, which figures so largely in all sampling where everything is left to the judgment of the sampler.

Mine sampling as it is done at present by the inspectors of the fuel-testing plant consists 

of first making a careful study of the coal throughout the mine and observing what parts 

of the bed are discarded by the miner. Two or more places where the coal is of average 

development are 'then selected. These places are usually at widely separated points in 

the part of the mine from which most of the cojil is being shipped. The face is then cleared 

of burned powder, loose coal, and dirt for 5 feet or so, and insecure pieces of the roof are 

taken down to prevent their falling into the sample. The sampler then spreads a rubber 

blanket on the floor of the mine close up to the face of the coal and makes a perpendicular 

cut from floorto roof, including everything in the sample but the parts of the bed discarded 

by the miner. He cuts sufficient coal to make not less than 5 pounds per foot in height 

that is, a sample weighing not less than 30 pounds would be cut from a 6-foot seam of coal. 

When shale or other partings are to be included in the sample, great care is exercised in 

cutting them the full width and depth of the groove in order to preserve the proper proportion of coal and extraneous matter. When the required amount of coal is obtained 

a detailed record is made of the section of the bed from top to bottom, every perceptible 

parting and variation in the section being noted. The parts of the bed not included in 

the sample are clearly shown in this record, and from these notes the value of the sample 

may be judged.

The cuttings are at once weighed and then sifted through a screen with a half-inch mesh. 

The remaining lumps are broken up in a portable grinding machine, and this process of 

screening and breaking is continued until the entire sample will pass through the screen,

Bull. 290 06 2
18 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

The sample is then mixed by two men who stand opposite each other. Grasping the 

corners of the rectangular blanket, they roll the sample diagonally by raising one corner 

of the blanket at a time. This mixes the sample very thoroughly, and when the larger 

pieces are observed to be evenly distributed throughout the mass the sample is divided 

into four equal quarters. Two opposite quarters are discarded and the remainder mixed 

as before. If the sample is still too bulky to be conveniently handled, it is again mixed 

and quartered.

The remaining material is spread into a circular mass about 2 inches deep on the blanket, 

and a small trowel is used to fill a sample can with alternate sections of the sample taken 

from the circumference to the center of the mass around the entire circle. The can is 

closed and hermetically sealed with electrical insulating tape, and the weight is noted. 

This weight shows accurately what proportion of the original sample is sent to the laboratory,

The entire process of sampling is carried on as rapidly as possible at the place in the mine 

where the sample is cut. The maximum time for cutting and preparing a large sample 

is about one hour. Although it is known that rapid changes take place in the moisture 

content of some coals, it is reasonable to assume that where the sampling is quickly done 

in the atmosphere to which the native coal is exposed there is probably only a slight gain 

or loss of moisture while the sample is being broken up and quartered.

In an effort to establish some definite relation between these moisture changes and the 

atmospheric conditions, temperature; humidity, and dew-point determinations are made 

at the beginning and completion of the preparation of the sample. Similar reading's are 

taken in the chemical laboratory. When sufficient data have been collected, it is possible 

that this subject will be more thoroughly understood.

DESIGNATION OF SAMPLES.

Th& samples or cars of coal when they are shipped are marked with the name of the State 

and numbered consecutively in the order of shipment. When two or three cars or lots 

constituting different grades of coal, such as lump, nut, etc., are shipped from the same 

mine, each lot is designated by a letter. For example, Illinois No. 1 A may be lump, Illinois No. 1 B nut, and Illinois No. 1 C slack, etc. These State numbers begin for 1905 

where those in use during the previous work left off. 

SAMPLES RECEIVED AND TESTED.

The following is a complete list of the car samples received during the period from May 

1, 1905, to January 1, 1906, with details of ownership, location, character of sample, etc.:

20 OPEEATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

Samples of coal

Name of sample.

Illinois No. 7 B.....

Illinois No. 70.....

Illinois No. 7 D.....

Illinois No. 8.......

Illinois No. 9 B.....

Illinois No. 10......

Illinois No. 11 B....

Illinois No. 11C....

Illinois No. 11 D....

Illinois No. 12......

Illinois No. 13......

Illinois No. 15......

Illinois No. 16......

Illinois No. 18......

Illinois No. 19 A....

Operator.

San Francisco

and San J oaquin Coal Co.

Co.

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

Staunton Coal 

Co.

.....do............

Muddy Coal Co. 

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

Mining Co.

Co.

vis. 

Big Muddy Coal

and Iron Co.

Carbon Coal Co. 

Zeigler Coal Co...

Mine.

Tesla.............

No. 2.... .........

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

No. 2.............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

No. 2.........'....

No. 7... ..........

Zeigler...........

Location.

Tesla, Alameda

County, Cal.

ery County, IU.

Madison County, 

111.

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

ery County, 111

Macoupin County, 

.....do..............

Franklin County, 

111.

W il 1 i am s o n 

County, 111.

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

County, 111.

County, 111.

field, Sangamon 

County, 111.

 County. 111.

County, 111.

County, 111.

County, 111.

Railroad.

Joaquin.

and Western.

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

Madison. 

....:do. ...........

Eastern Illinois. 

Illinois Central..

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

Mountain and 

Southern.

Eastern Illinois.

.....do............

.....do............

.....do......'......

.....do............
SAMPLES RECEIVED AND TESTED. 21

received and tested.

Inspector.

E.W. Parker.........

.....do................

.....do................

J. W. Groves.........

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do........:.......

.....do................

.....do................

Kind of coal.

Lignite; run of mine. ......

1-inch mesh screen. 

Bituminous; nut, over 1-

inch mesh screen.

Bituminous; run of mine...

<3>

screenings, one-half egg 

coal.

of mine, one-half lump 

coal.

Bituminous; one-half No.

4 washed coal, one-half 

No. 5 washed coal.

Bituminous; No. 3 washed 

coal.

6-inch screen and over 1Jinch screen.

IJ-inch bar screens.

inch screens.

lump and egg, made by 

passing run of mine coal 

over 3-inch mesh.

0-inch mesh screens.

over f-inch perforated 

shaking screens.

Name.of bed.

(?) 

No. 5.............

(?)

(?)

 (?)

(?)

(?)

(?)

(?)

(?)

.....do............

.....do.............

.....do............ 

No. G... ..........

No. 6.............

No. 5.............

No. C.............

No. 7.. ...........

No. 2.. ...........

Big Muddy........

Tests.

Producer-gas, p. 53. 

Steaming, p. 55.

Producer-gas, p. 56. 

Washing, p. 57.

Producer-gas, p. 59.

Producer-gas, p. 59.

Steaming, p. 58.

Producer-gas, p. 59. 

Washing, p. 60.

Steaming, p. 58.

Washing, p. 60. 

Coking, p. 60.

Steaming, p. 61.

Producer-gas, p. 62. 

Steaming, p. 63.

Washing, p. 66. 

Steaming, p. 63.

Producer-gas, p. 65. 

Steaming, p. 67.

Producer-gas, p. 68. 

Washing, p. 69.

Steaming, p. 70.

Producer-gas, p. 72. 

Steaming, p. 70.

Steaming, p. 70.

Producer-gas, p. 72.

Producer-gas, p. 72. 

Coking, p. 74.

Steaming, p. 75.

Washing, p. 76. 

Steaming, p. 77.

Producer-gas, p. 78. 

Washing, p. 79. 

Coking, p. 79.

Steaming, p. 80.

Producer-gas, p. 81. 

Washing, p. 82.

Steaming, p. 83.

Producer-gas, p. 84. 

Washing, p. 85.

Steaming, p. 86.

Producer-gas, p. 86. 

Washing, p. 87. 

Coking, p. 88.

Steaming, p. 89.

Producer-gas, p. 90. 

Washing, p. 91.

Steaming, p. 92.

Coking, p. 94.
22 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

Samples of coal

Name of sample.

Illinois No. 19 B....

Indiana No. 6......

Indiana No. 7 B....

Kentucky No. IB..

Kentucky No. 1C..

Kentucky No. 5 ....

Kentucky No. 6.... 

Kentucky No. 7. ...

Maryland No. 1 .... 

Massachusetts No.l

IB.

Operator.

Co.

diana Coal Co. 

.....do............

.....do............

Co. 

.....do............

.....do............

Co.

velopment Co.

Coal and Coke 

, Co.

.....do............

Interstate Investment Co.

Justus Collins. ...

Iron Co.

Piedmont and 

Georges Creek 

Coal Co

Co.

Mine.

No.3.... .........

No. 29............

No. 33............

No. 34. ...........

.....do............

.....do............

No. 4.... .........

No. 11............

No. 2. ............

.....do............

Gilliam's Rockhouse prospect.

Millers Creekcountry bank.

Washington No. 3

Location.

County, 111.

Warrick County, 

Ind.

County, Ind.

County, Ind. 

.....do..............

Little's Pike

County, Ind 

.....do..............

Ha.ute, Vigo 

County, Ind.

Miacksville Vitro

County, Ind. 

.....do..............

Park County, Ind.

County, Ind.

County, Ky.' 

.....do..............

BigBlackMountain, 

15 miles from Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

5 miles southeast of 

Paintsville, Johnson County, Ky.

Central City, Muhlenburg County. 

Ky.

2 miles north of 

Westernport, 

Garrett County, 

Md. 

\ 

Halifax, Plymouth

County, Mass.

County, N. Dak.

Railroad.

Terre Haute. 

.....do............

.....do........'....

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

and Texas.

Nashville. 

.....do............

Nearest Louisville 

and Nashville.

7 miles from Chesapeake and .Ohio.

Illinois Central . . .

Cumberland and ' 

Pennsylvania.
SAMPLES RECEIVED AND NESTED.

received and tested Continued.

23

Inspector.

.-. ...do'.. ..............

.....do................

.....do................

W. J. VonBorries....

.....do................

.....do...........:....

.....do................

M. R. Campbell ......

.....do................

.....do................

M. R. Campbell..... .

Kind of coal.

over li-inch perforated 

shaking screens.

mixed.

through IJ-inch bar screens.

.....do......................

inch screen.

through li-inch screen.

inch bar screen.

inch screen.

inch bar screen.

inch and Scinch screens.

screens.

inch and 1-inch coal, onehalf J-inch coal.

coal.

.....do......................

lump, over IJ-inch bar 

screen.

Bituminous; run of mine. . .

Name of bed.

No.5. .............

(?)

(?)

(?)

No.5.............

.....do............

(?)

No. 7. .............

.....do............

No. 6.. ...........

No. 4. ............

(?)

.....do............

High Splint.

No. 1.. ...........

No.9.............

(?)

Tests.

Producer-gas, p. 93. 

Coking, p. 94.

Producer-gas, p. 96. 

Washing, p. 96. 

Coking, p. 97.

Washing, p. 99. 

Coking, p. 99.

Producer-gas, p 101. 

Coking, p. 102.

Producer-gas, p. 104. 

Washing, p. 105. 

Coking, p. 105.

Steaming, p. 106.

Producer-gas, p. 107. 

Washing, p. 108. 

Coking, p. 108.

Producer-gas, p. 110. 

Washing, p. 111.

Producer-gas, p. 113. ' 

Coking, p. 114.

Steaming, p. 112.

Washing, p. 114. 

Coking, p. 114.

Washing, p. 116.

Producer-gas, p. 118. 

Coking, p. 119.

Coking, p. 123. 

Steaming, p. 121.

Coking, p. 123.

Producer-gas, p. 124. ) 

Coking, p. 125.

Steaming, p. 126.

Producer-gas, p. 127. 

Coking, p. 128.

Steaming, p. 129.

Producer-gas, p. 130. 

Coking, p. 131.

Steaming, p. 132. 

Washing, p. 133. 

Coking, p. 133.

Producer-gas, p. 134.
24 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

Samples of coal

Name of sample.

2B.

Ohio No. 1.........

Ohio No. 2..........

Ohio No. 3.........

Ohio No. 4.........

Ohio No. 5.........

Ohio No. 6.........

Ohio No. 7.........

Ohio No. 8.........

Ohio No. 9 A.......

Ohio No. 9 B.......

Pennsylvania No. 4. 

Pennsylvania No. 5. 

Pennsylvania No. 6.

Operator.

gineers of 

United States 

R e c 1 a mation 

Service.

nite Coal Co.

.....do............

Ohio Mining and

Manufacturing 

Co.

Coal Co. 

The Glens Run

Coal Co. 

Neff Coal Mining

Co. 

Forsythe Coal Co .

Mining Co.

.....do............

Jamison Coal and 

Coke Co.

James W. Ellsworth & Co.

Hustead-Seamens 

Coal and Coke 

Co.

and Coke Co.

Coal and Coke 

Co.

Mine.

Wilton...........

No. 10.. ..........

.....do............

Gosline & B arbour.

Rush Run No. 1...

Nol. .............

Dixie.............

.....do......'......

Jamison No. 2. ... 

No. 1 and No. 2... 

Hustead-Seamens

No. 3.. ...........

Location.

Williston, Williams County, 

N. Dak.

ton, McLean 

County, N. Dak.

Wellston, Jackson County, Ohio.

.....do..............

Shawnee, Perry

County, Ohio.

County, Ohio. 

Rush Run, Jefferson County, Ohio. 

Neffs, B e 1 m o n t

County, Ohio.

County, Ohio.

County, Ohio.

County, Ohio. 

.....do..............

4 miles north of 

Greensburg,Westmoreland County 

Pa.

Ellsworth, Washington County, 

Pa.

East Millsboro, 

W e s t m oreland 

County, Pa.

Ligonier, Westmoreland County, Pa.

County, Pa.

set County, Pa.

Railroad.

Paul and Sault 

Ste. Marie.

Baltimore and

Ohio. 

.....do............

Zanesville and

Western.

Ohio.

Ohio. 

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

Pennsylvania. . . . 

.....do............ 

.....do............

Ohio.
SAMPLES EECE1VED AND TESTED.

received and tested Continued.

25

Inspector.

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

 W. J. Von Borries.... 

J. W. Groves.........

.....do................

W. J. Von Borries....

Kind of coal.

from No. 4 bed.

from No. 5 bed.

over jf-inch bar screens.

over J-inch bar screen.

inch bar screen.

inch screen.

inch bar screen.

Bituminous; "J-inch coal," 

over J-inch bar screen.

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

Name of bed.

.....do............

No. 4.. ...........

No.5. ............

No. 6.. ...........

No.8.............

Pittsburg, or No.

8. 

No.8.............

No. 7. ............

No. 4.. ...........

.....do............

Pittsburg........

.....do..../....... 

.....do............

nellsville.

ning. 

.....do............

Tests.

Producer-gas, p. 139.

Washing, p. 141. 

Coking, p. 142.

Washing, p. 144. 

Coking, p. 144.

Steaming, p. 145.

Producer-gas, p. 146. 

Washing, p. 147. 

Coking, p. 147.

Producer-gas, p. 149. 

Washing, p. 150. 

Coking, p. 150.

Steaming, p. 151.

Producer-gas, p. 152. 

Coking, p. 153.

Producer-gas, p. 155. 

Washing, p. 156. 

Coking, p. 156.

Producer-gas, p. 158. 

Washing, p. 159. 

Coking, p. 159.

Producer-gas, pk 161, 

Washing, p. 162. 

Coking, p. 162.

Steaming, p. 163.

Producer-gas, p. 165. 

Coking, p. 166.

Steaming, p. 163.

Washing, p. 165. 

Coking, p. 166.

Steaming, p. 167

Producer-gas, p 168. 

Steaming, p. 169: 

Producer-gas, p. 170. 

Washing, p. 171. 

Coking, p. 171.

Steaming, p. 172.

Producer-gas, p. 173. 

Washing, p. 174. 

Coking, p. 175.

Producer-gas, p. 177. 

Washing, p. 178. 

Coking, p. 178.

Producer-gas, p. 180. 

Coking, p. 181.

Washing, p. 182.

Coking, p. 183.
26 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

SampLs of coal

Name of sample.

West Virginia No. 4.

13.

14.

15.

West Virginia No. 

16A.

16B.

West Virginia No. 

17.

West Virginia No.

 18. 

West Virginia No.

19.

20. 

West Virginia No.

21. 

Wyoming No. 2B. . .

Wyoming No. 3 ....

Operator.

Coal Co.

ment Co.

ment Co.

Coal and Coke 

Co.

Coke Co. 

Elkins Coal Co ...

liery Co. 

.....do............

....'.do............ 

.....do............

Elkins Coal Co ... 

Glen Alum Fuel

Co. 

White Oak Coal

Co.

Winifrede Coal Co.

Cambria Fuel Co . 

Stilwell Coal Co . .

Mine.

pect.

Wilson .farm.

No.2............. 

Page No. 2........

Monongah No. 6. . 

.....do............

Country bank....

Antelope, Nos. 1 

and 2, and Jumbo.

Location.

County, Pa.

County, Va.

Lee County, Va.

County, Va.

Va.

Bretz, Preston 

County, W. Va.

County, W. Va. 

.....do..............

Clarksburg, Harrison County, W. 

Va.

Monongah, Marion 

County, W. Va.-

.....do..............

2£ miles above 

Bretz, Preston 

County, W. Va.

County, W. Va.

County, W. Va.

County, W. Va.

wha County, W. 

' Va.

Cambria, Weston 

County, Wyo.

Sec. 27, T. 54 N., R.

61 W., at Aladdin, 

Crook County, 

Wyo.

Brazil.

Railroad.

Ohio.

from Louisville 

and Nashville.

from Louisville 

and Nashville.

Western.

Nashville. .

Morgantown and 

Kingwood.

apeake and 

Ohio.

.....do............

Ohio.

.....do............ 

.....do............

Morgantown and 

Kingwood.

Western.

Ohio. 

.....do............

.....do............

Burlington . and 

Missouri River.

Missouri River; 

Chicago and 

Northwestern.
SAMPLES KECEIVED AND TESTED.

received and tested Continued. >

27

Inspector.

.....do................

\V. J. Von Borries. . . .

.....do................

E. W. Parker.........

.....do...:............

.....do................

.....do................

J. W. Groves.........

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

Kind of coal.

.....do......................

Bituminous; lump, over 3Jinch bar screen.

inch bar screen.

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

over ^-inch screen.

J-inch screen.

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

Bituminous ................

Name of bed.

Upper Banner. . . .

.....do............

.....do............

Sewell............

(?)

(?)

Tests.

Producer-gas, p. 185. 

Coking, p. 186.

Producer-gas, p. 188. 

Coking, p. 189.

Producer-gas, p. 192. 

Washing, p. 192. 

Coking, p. 193.

Steaming, p. 194. 

Producer-gas, p. 195. 

Coking, p. 196.

Steaming, p. 197.

Producer-gas, p. 198. 

Coking, p. 199.

Washing, p. 200.

Coking, p. 200. 

Steaming, p. 201.

Producer-gas, p. 202. 

Coking, p. 203.

Steaming, p. 204.

Producer-gas, p. 205. 

Coking, p. '206.

Steaming, p. 207.

Coking, p. 208. 

Producer-gas, p. 209.

Coking, p. 210. 

Washing, p. 209.

Coking, p. 210. 

Steaming, p. 211.

Washing, p. 212. 

Coking, p. 212.

Steaming, p. 213.

Producer-gas, jj. 214. 

Coking, p. 215.

Steaming, p. 216.

Coking, p. 217. 

Steaming, p. 218.

Producer-gas, p. 220. 

Washing, p. 220. 

Coking, p. 221.

Steaming, p. 222.

Washing, p. 224. 

Coking, p. 224.

Steaming, p. 225.

Producer-gas, p. 226. 

Steaming, p. 227.

Producer-gas, p. 228. 

Washing, p. 229. 

Coking, p. 229.

Steaming, p. 232.

Producer-gas, p. 233.
28 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

SAMPLES COLLECTED AND EN ROUTE TO ST. LOUIS JANUARY 1, 19O6.'

The following samples were en route and in the yards of the fuel-testing plant January 

1, 1906. The results of tests on these samples will appear in a later report:

Arkansas No. 1. Slack coal for washing and coking tests furnished by Central Coal and Coke Company, of Kansas City, Mo., from mine No. 3, Huntington, Ark.

Arkansas No. 7. Lump and slack coal for steaming, producer-gas, coking, and washing tests, furnished by Mammoth Vein Coal Company, of Midland, Ark., from Mammoth Vein mine, Midland, Ark.

Arkansas No. 8. No. 4 coal for steaming and washing tests furnished by Consolidated Anthracite 

Coal Company, of Spadre, Ark., from No. 1 mine, Spadre, Ark.

Arkansas No. 9. Slack coal for coking and washing tests furnished by Central Coal and Coke Company, of Kansas City, Mo., from mine No. 26, Bonanza, Ark.

Arkansas No. 10. Lignite for producer-gas test furnished by Richmond Hibbard, of Camden, Ark., 

from mine L. 0. U. No. 2, Lester Mill Company, Ark

Illinois No. 20. Slack for steaming, coking, and washing tests furnished by the Mount Olive and 

Staunton Coal Company, of St. Louis, Mo., from mine No. 1, Staunton, 111.

Indiana No. 12. Run of mine coal for steaming, coking, and washing tests furnished by Patoka 

River Coal and Coke Company, of Huntington, Ind., from Hartwell mine, Hartwell, Ind.

Massachusetts No. /. Peat for producer-gas test furnished by C. L. Norton, Massachusetts Institute 

of Technology, Boston, Mass., from bog near Halifax, Mass.

Texas No. 3. Lignite for producer-gas and briquetting tests furnished by J. J. Olsen & Son, of San 

Antonio, Tex., from Olsen mine, Olsen, Tex.

Texas No. 4. Lignite for steaming, producer-gas, and briquetting tests furnished by Consumers 

Lignite Company, of Dallas, Tex., from mine No. 3, Hoyt, Tex.
WORK OF THE CHEMICAL LABORATORY.

By N. W. LORD.

INTRODUCTION.

The routine work of the laboratory and the general methods used in making the chemical 

and analytical tests on the samples of coal and other fuels tested at the fuel-testing plant, 

continue to be essentially the same as during the St. Louis Exposition and are described in 

the reports covering that period, a

The temporary laboratory employed during the Exposition was very crowded and inconvenient owing to the limited space at the disposal of the fuel-testing plant for this work. 

Since that time the work has been done in a new laboratory fitted up in the foundry building 

left by the Exposition. This new laboratory is larger, more convenient, and better equipped 

in every way, for the work, and materially facilitates accuracy and uniformity of results.

Under the head of " New equipment" may also be mentioned, for the analytical work, two 

additional analytical balances, an extra combustion furnace for ultimate work, an extra 

steel bomb for calorimeter work, and two calcium-chloride drying ovens of special design 

for the moisture determinations; for the sampling work, an especially designed drying oven, 

for facilitating the drying of the samples to a nearly air-dry condition, and a four-jar laboratory ball mill (manufactured by the Abbe" Engineering Company), for final pulverization 

of the sample. These are mentioned more in detail under "Changes in methods."

During the Exposition city gas was used as a laboratory fuel. After the close of the Exposition this was not available and, as a consequence, gasoline gas is at present used in the 

laboratory. The machine used for supplying the gas is furnished by the Federal Gas Company, of St. Louis, Mo., and so far has proved satisfactory.

CHANGES IN METHODS.

Tn general the methods employed in the work have been only slightly changed from those 

in use during the Exposition. However, certain modifications have been introduced, following out lines developed in the experimental work of the laboratory. One of the most 

important of these is in regard to the preliminary or air drying of the samples. The earlier 

method of exposing the sample to the air of the laboratory proved unsatisfactory ow'ing to 

the extremely varying moisture conditions resulting from the general character of the 

weather; the air drying loss in different samples of the same coal varied greatly, though it was, 

of course, accompanied by corresponding changes in the residual moisture of the coal and 

therefore did not materially affect the final statement of the analysis of the sample as 

received. In order to make determinations of the loosely held moisture more uniform and 

definite, a special drying oven has been designed and introduced into the laboratory; in this 

oven samples of several pounds weight can be dried in a gentle current of air raised from 10° 

to 20° above the temperature of the laboratory. In this way the coal is air dried in an

oBull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261,1905; Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48,1900.

29
30 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

atmosphere with a very low dew-point and not subject to large percentage variations, and 

the results obtained are considerably more concordant. Another advantage of this method 

is that it greatly shortens the time of air drying, so that the samples can be prepared in 

much less time than formerly. A detailed description of the apparatus will be presented 

in the complete report.

As it has been clearly demonstrated in the earlier work of the. laboratory that there was 

a marked loss in moisture in many samples during the reduction of the air-dried sample and 

the weighing out for analysis, the system of sampling in this respect has been radically 

changed. The sample is ground in tight jars with quartz pebbles, in a ball mill. The 

ground sample is placed in wide-mouthed bottles and the sample for analysis mixed .and 

weighed direct therefrom without pouring out and mixing, as was done in the earlier work. 

Direct comparison between samples reduced in this way and those ground on a bucking 

board or in an open mortar shows a distinct difference in the percentage of moisture, due 

to changes from the exposure during sampling.

PERSONNEL.

The personnel of the laboratory at present is as follows: Prof. E. E. Somermeier, in charge; 

Mr. F. M. Stanton, head chemist; Mr. G. A. Burrell first assistant ; Messrs. Karl M. Way 

and E. C. Waters, assistants. 

WORK DONE IN THE LABORATORY.

From May up to January 1 the laboratory has received over 1,000 samples, representing 

coal from nineteen States and three Territories. The proximate analyses and sulphur determinations have been made on practically all of these, and the ultimate analyses, determinations of the heating value, and other special determinations have been made on such of the 

samples as have required the additional work.

In addition to the regular routine work on the coal samples, some tests on tars and.some 

laboratory work on the washing of coal have been conducted, while a limited number of 

experimental lines of work have been followed up, in so far as the time at the disposal of the 

laboratory force has permitted.

Analytical results are presented in the detailed report on each sample (pp. 53-233).
WASHING TESTS.

By JOHN D. WICK.

INTRODUCTION.

As noted in the description of the washing tests made during 1904,o the lack of adequate 

storage facilities and the constant demaud^m the conveying and weighing apparatus for 

delivering coal to the boilers and producer greatly interfered with the washing tests and 

tended somewhat to vitiate the results.

IMPROVEMENT IN EQUIPMENT.

In order to eliminate these difficulties, important changes were made at the beginning of 

1905 in the arrangement of the washery building. To the four 35-ton and two 17^-ton 

storage bins in use during 1904 were added five 3.5-ton bins, which increased the storage 

capacity of the washery building from 175 tons to 350 tons. The construction of three 

50-ton auxiliary bins on the ground adjacent to the coke ovens further increased the capacity to 500 tons.

A 30-inch Jeffrey conveying belt was installed running from the car siding directly to the 

gas producer and boilers. This is used to deliver coal to the gas producer and boilers without crushing, or, in other words, in the same condition as when received from the mine. 

This conveyer has the additional advantage of relieving the main conveyer in the washery 

building of a large portion of work, leaving it available for use in connection with washing 

tests.

In rearranging the washing apparatus the Stewart modified jig in use during 1904 was 

retained, but the New Century jig was replaced, by two Luhrig fine-coal jigs. The Stewart 

jig will wash coal composed of pieces crushed to 1J inches in diameter, but the Luhrig jigs 

can be used only for coal one-half inch in diameter or less. With this equipment washing tests 

have been made with considerably better results than were obtained in 1904, and owing to 

the increased storage facilities larger samples of coal have been treated, affording a better 

opportunity for accurate adjustment of the jigs and for continuous runs approximating 

practical washing conditions. The water for washing tests is taken from the city mains 

and is reused by being pumped from the settling tank back to thj jigs.

TESTS MADE.

Thirty-eight samples of coal from eight States, as enumerated below, were washed during 

the period from May 1, 1905, to January 1, 1906. The results of these washing tests will 

be found in the detailed report on each sample, presented on pages 53-233 of this report.

Illinois No. 6. Run-of-minecoal from Colleen mine, Clover Leaf Coal Company, Cofleen, 111.; washed 

for steaming test.

Illinois No. 7. Slack coal from No. 2 mine, Lumaghi Coal Company, Collinsville, 111.; washed for 

steaming and coking tests.

Illinois No. 9. Run-of-mine coal from No. 2 mine, Mount Olive and Staunton Coal Company, Staun. 

ton, 111.

a Bull. U. S. Oeol. Survey No. 201, 1905, p. 60.

31
32 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

Illinois No. 10. Slack coal from West Frankfort mine, Dering Coal Company, West Frankfort, 111. 

washed for steaming test.

Illinois No. 12. Run-of-mine coal from Bush No. 1 mine, Western Coal and Mining Company, Bush, 

111.; washed for steaming test.

Illinois No. 13. 1^-inch and 6-inch egg coal from Benton mine, Benton Coal Company, Benton, 111.; 

washed for steaming test.

Illinois No. 14- 'Lump coal from No. 2 mine, Capital Coal Company, Springfield, 111.; washed for 

steaming test.

Illinois No. 15. Lump coal from South mine, Pettinger & Davis Company, Centralia, III.; washed 

for steaming test.

Illinois No. 16. Lump and egg coal from No. 7 mine, Big Muddy Coal and Iron Company, Herrin, 111.; 

washed for steaming and coking tests.

Illinois No. 18. Lump coal from La Salle mine, La Salle County Carbon Coal Company, Lasalle, 111.; 

washed for steaming test.

Indiana No. 3. Nut and slack coal from No. 3 mine, J. Wooley Coal Company, Boonville, Ind.; 

washed for steaming and coking tests.

Indiana No. 4- Screenings from No. 29 mine, Consolidated Indiana Coal Company, Star City, Ind.; 

washed for steaming and coking tests.

Indiana No. 6. Run-of-mine coal from No. 34 mine, Consolidated Indiana Coal Company, Hymera, 

Ind.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Indiana No. 7. Lump and nut coal from Little's mine, S. W. Little Coal Company, Littles, Ind.; 

washed for steaming and coking tests.

Indiana No. 8. Lump coal from Deep Vein mine, Deep Vein Coal Company, Terre Haute, Ind.; 

washed for steaming test.

Indiana No. 9. Run-of-mine coal from Red Bird mine, Fauvre Coal Company, Macksville, Ind.; 

washed for steaming test.

Indiana No. 10. Lump coal from No. 10 mine, Park County Coal Company, Rosedale, Ind.; washed 

for steaming tests.

Maryland No. 1. Run-of-mine coal from Washington No. 3 mine, Piedmont and Georges Creek Coal 

Company, near Piedmont, W. Va.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Ohio Nos. 1 and %. Run-of-mine coal from No. 10 mine, Superior Coal Company, near Wellston, 

Ohio; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Ohio No. 3. Run-of-mine coal from Gosline & Barbour mine, Ohio Mining and Manufacturing Company, Shawnee, Ohio; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Ohio No. 4. Three-fourths inch coal from Crow Hollow mine, United States Coal Company, Bradley, 

Ohio; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Ohio No. 6. Run-of-mine coal from No. 1 mine, Nefls Coal Mining Company, Neffs, Ohio; washed for 

steaming and coking tests.

Ohio No. 7. Lump coal from Forsythe mine, Forsythe Coal Company, Danford, Ohio; washed for 

steaming and coking tests.

Ohio No. 8. Run-of-mine coal from Dixie mine, Upson Coal and Mining Company, Dixie, Ohio; 

washed for coking tests.

Ohio No. 9. Screenings from Clarion mine, Gallia Mining Company, Clarion, Ohio; washed for 

steaming and coking-tests.

Pennsylvania No. 5. Three-fourths inch coal from .No. 2 mine, James W. Ellsworth & Co., Ellsworth, 

Pa.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Pennsylvania No. 6. Run-of-mine coal from Hustead-Seamens mine, Hustead-Seamens Coal and 

Coke Company, East Millsboro, Pa.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Pennsylvania No. 7. Run-of-mine coal from Ligonier mine, Old Colony Coal and Coke Company 

near Ligonier, Pa.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Pennsylvania No. 9. Run-of-mine coal from Ifimmelton mine, Reading Iron Company, Kimmelton, 

Pa.; washed for coking test.

Virginia No. 2. Run-of-mine coal from McConnell mine, Interstate Investment Company, near 

Crab Orchard, Va.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

West Virginia No. 4- Run-of-mine coal from No. 2 mine, Elkins Coal Company, Bretz, W. Va.; 

washed for coking test.

West Virginia No. 16. Slack coal from Monongah No. 6 mine, Fairmont Coal Company. Monongah, 

W. Va.; washed for coking test.

West Virginia No. 17. Run-of-mine coal from country bank, Elkins Coal Company, near Bretz, 

W. Va.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

West Virginia No. 20. Run-of-mine coal from Keystone mine, Stevens Coal Company, Acme, 

W. Va.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

West Virginia No. 21. Run-of-mine coal from Gas mine, Winifrede Coal Company, Winifrede, 

W. Va.; washed for steaming and coking tests.

Wyoming No. 3. Run-of-mine coal from mine of Stilwell Coal Company, Aladdin, Wyo.; washed foi 

steaming and coking tests.
STEAMING TESTS.

.By L-13 - BRECKENRIDGE.

EQUIPMENT.

The steaming tests under the Heine boilers have been continued under practically the 

same conditions as the 78 trials made during the period of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. For convenience the principal proportions of the boiler settings are shown in the following table:

Leading proportions of the two Heine water-tube boilers used in the fit el-testing plant.

Superheating surface. ..............................

Boiler Boiler 

No. 1. No. 2.

9m 91ft

2,031 2,031

40. 55 30. 4

4<; Q<;

71 7Z

115 115

7. 67 7. 67

116 116

on eft

The two boilers used for these tests are exactly similar in construction and setting. Each 

is provided with its own stack and fed by its own injector. The scales and instruments used 

in the trials are frequently checked and maintained in an accurate condition.

IMPROVEMENTS AND ADDITIONS.

After the completion of the World's Fair series of steaming tests a few changes in the 

settings were made, as follows:

A McClave rocking grate was installed under boiler No. 2. It was thought that some 

coals could be handled more satisfactorily on a grate of this type and this proved to be the 

case. The B. F. Sturtevant Company loaned the plant a forced-draft outfit, consisting of 

blower and direct-connected steam engine. This has been set up so as to discharge air into 

the closed ash pits under each grate. By the aid of a light draft it has been possible to burn 

lignites high in moisture with fair results. A series of trials with slack coals and dried lignites is contemplated later.

The brick walls have been given two coats of paint and all cracks and openings have been 

carefully stopped with asbestos paste. A special air-leakage test box has been used to 

locate leaks of air in the settings and all leaks have been promptly stopped.

During .the first.weeks of this series of trials several gas7mixing devices were tried in the 

combustion chamber, such as fire-brick honeycombs, but they lacked durability, perhaps 

because of faulty construction and inferior material. A honeycomb wall was then built of 

very large fire-clay shapes, 6 by 12 by 18 inches, which withstood the heat for six months.

Bull. 290 06 3 33
34 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

Considering the facts that the floor of the combustion chamber had no special rigidity and 

that this was our first experience in selecting material for and erecting such a structure, it is 

fair to assume that it is commercially practicable to use such mixing structures in combustion chambers.

The object of this construction is to subdivide and mix the gases coming from the fuel bed 

and to cause them to travel a greater distance before striking the cold tubes. These fireclay masses also absorb heat between firings and give it out just after firings when there is a 

large rush of cold air and hydrocarbons.

Recently the lowest row of tubes of boiler No. 2 has had the protecting tiles changed from 

the "C" to the rectangular flat-bottomed type. The "C" tiles gave much trouble from 

breakage due to radiant heat and were also frequently broken with fire tools. The flatbottomed tiles are more durable and will be put on the other boiler as soon as its "C" tiles 

need replacing. The rectangular tiles weigh about the same as the "C" tiles.

On measurement of the areas left between the tubes at the end of the lower and upper 

baffles where the gases respectively enter and leave the boiler tubes, it was found that a 

much shorter length of openings would do, so more tube tiles were added below and more 

iron tiles above until the openings were each reduced nearly one-half; thus forcing the gases 

to travel a slightly greater length of tube surface.

The following new instruments have been added since the tests of last year: One Crosby 

recording steam gage, one Bristol recording draft gage, one Bristol recording flue thermometer, one Wanner optical pyrometer.

. The instruments have served as a check on the regular observations. They have been 

checked with the other instruments used for the same readings. The optical pyrometer 

used for reading combustion-chamber temperatures has been easily handled and has 

.been found exceedingly useful in this work.

These modifications of the equipment have perhaps improved the over-all efficiencies of 

this year's (1905) tests 2 or 3 per cent over last year's.

PERSONNEL.

Prof. Dwight T. Randall, who had local charge of the steaming tests in 1004, returned to 

the University of Illinois, and Mr. Walter T. Ray, of the Chicago Edison Company, was 

appointed to the vacancy. Later Mr. Clyde McClure resigned as boiler-room chemist, to 

assume duties with the above company, and. was replaced by Mr. Ralph Gait, of the University of Michigan. The same fireman, Mr. Henry Arens, has been employed continuously 

since the tests began. Mr. Robert H. Kuss, until recently instructor on steam boilers at the 

University of Illinois, has joined our local staff, as have Messrs. Lloyd R. Stowe, W. M. Park, 

Fred E. Pahmeyer, and R. C. Matthews. -The following men have also been with the work 

from the start:. Messrs. Henry Kreisinger, H. W..Weeks, R. H. Post, and C. H. Green.

CHANGES IN METHODS OE TESTING.

The only important change introduced in test procedure consisted in making three trials 

with each coal, but the three ran so nearly alike that hereafter only two will be made. In 

the first series only one trial was made with each coal. The feeling has been that some 

changes in proportions of baffling might increase the over-all efficiency of all the trials. 

Still the temptation to make any marked changes has been resisted, in the belief that the 

object for which these tests are being conducted will be better served by keeping to the same 

ratios in all the tests. The results will then more truly show the comparative value of the 

various fuels than they would if changes in the setting were attempted.

WOBK DONE.

On 64 coals, some.of them washed in part, there were made 185 tests, which are included in 

this report; several tests were thrown out. Coals were-tested from Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wyoming.
STEAMING TESTS. 35

FEATURES OF THE INVESTIGATION.

It is probable that the general efficiencies obtained are fairly good. But the Survey 

clearly realizes that it is working with limits imposed by its particular apparatus, though 

these limits are not the fault of the Heine construction, inasmuch as any combination of 

grate, furnace, and boiler would have faults. For this reason and others all steaming tests 

are only approximately comparative and not final as between coals. Steaming tests should 

be made more with the idea of eliminating them in -future years than of accepting them as 

final. Toward this end engineers should work with the aid of chemistry and physics.

The determination of the calorific capacity of the various steaming coals has shown, during 

the last few years, that these coals contain a larger number of heat units than were formerly 

credited to them. This has resulted in'somewhat lower efficiencies than have sometimes 

been reported.

Before closing the present series of trials it is hoped that tests may be made with several 

standard coals, which will show the.effect of changes in certain fundamental ratios on the 

over-all efficiency of these outfits.. .

Some of the more important results of th,e steaming tests are given on pages 53-233, in the 

detailed report on the various coal samples used. ...

" ' SPECIAL TESTS. ' ' ' . ' ; ' '

Attention is called to some special tests made during the period covered by this report, as 

follows: . .

 . TESTS ON MIXED COALS.

. Tests Nos. 240, .248, and.254.. were made, on Virginia No. 4. In the first test the clinker 

fused onto the grate so .as to be very..difficult to remove; in the two remaining tests about 

200 pounds of nut-sized .limestone was spread over the. grate before starting, so that the 

clinker lifted up very easily. The average boiler efficiency for these three tests was 66.6 

per cent.

Test No. 242 was run on Pennsylvania 'No. 8 dried. The boiler efficiency was 68.3 per 

cent. . Cleaning was very easy. The Virginia coal was very free.burning and long flaming, 

and the Pennsylvania coal very short flaming. It was thought that by mixing them, as a 

matter of experiment; a better result would be, attained; but the boiler efficiency was only 

61.7 per cent. There were outside reasons for the result being low, but .the best that can be 

said is that the experiment was indeterminate. The grate .behavior was improved.

v .-..-,. " TESTS ON DRIED COALS. -

Some of Pennsylvania No. 8 was dried and burned in test No. 242. The moisture to start 

with was only about 3 per cent and it was reduced to 0.42 per cent by drying in a Bartlett 

'rotary' drier at 240° F. -At the same time some of the volatile matter was driven off,.so that 

the>British therm'alunits of the dry coal fell from about 14,800 to 14,660; with the average 

boiler efficiency of-the four tests run on the coal as received, the performance was a shade 

better only; and on the whole there was a considerable loss.

Two tests, Nos. 243 and 244, were run on Ohio "No. 9 B, .dried after washing, with a slight 

loss of efficiency, not to speak of the drying having reduced the British thermal units of the 

dry coal about 1.5 per cent, as in the other case.

These drying tests were'made a'S'p'r'eliminary to some tests to be rim on dried lignites.

, : TWENTY-FOUR HOUR RUNS. ' . .

It can be calculated that from 1 to 2 per cent of the heat generated in a test is lost in heating the brickwork in the morning, notwithstanding that the furnace is fired hard for two 

hours before starting.'' To learn'something of this, some tests were'run on the same coals, 

starting the very instant the preceding ones ended.'' The preceding test numbers were 237, 

243, and'249; average boiler efficiency, 66.2 per cent; average furnace temperature, 

2,388° F. The immediately succeeding test numbers were 238,"244, and 250; average 

boiler efficiency, 67.3 per cent; average furnace' temperature, 2,355° F. These tests show 

an average gain of 1.1 per cent, which is-nonconclusive. The research is being continued.;
PRODUCER-GAS TESTS.

By ROBERT H. FEKNALD.

EQUIPMENT.

In order that the work outlined for 1905 by the gas-producer division of the fuel-testing 

plant might be completed in the time allowed, it became necessary to increase the capacity 

of the plant. Accordingly, a second producer with its economizer was installed, so that 

the plant now consists of two independent producers, both discharging into the same scrubber. These producers are worked independently, one being charged while the other is in 

operation. By this arrangement no time is lost in changing from one coal to another at 

the end of any test, as a simple manipulation of valves brings the second producer into 

operation when the first is cut out. The remainder of the operating portion of the plant 

has not been changed, so far as new installations are concerned, though several changes in 

detail have been made from time to time as the nature of the work demanded. Some of 

these changes are noted later in this report.

Owing to the fact that the chemical laboratory originally installed in connection .with 

this division of the plant was far from adequate, a special building was erected sufficiently 

near the gas holder and engine to reduce inaccuracies in gas sampling and other similar 

work to a minimum and at the same time providing comfortable accommodations for the

chemists.

PERSONNEL,.

Capt. John A. Laird, a consulting engineer of St. Louis, who has been connected with the 

plant since September, 1904, has continued the supervision of the operating details of the 

tests and since December 1, 1905, has also had active charge of the mechanical operation 

of the producers. Until December 1 the manipulation of the producers was directed by 

Mr. C. 0. Nordensson, of R. D. Wood & Co., who remained with the testing plant about a 

year. Since the renewal of operations in May, 1905, Mr. J. P. Quam, of the Westinghouse 

Company, has had supervision of the operations of the gas engine. He has had as assistant 

engineers Messrs. R. E. Peshak and F. V. Roy. The computations have been in charge of 

Mr. W. C. Weidmann, assisted by Mr. Kurt Toensfeldt. Until about July 1, 1905, the 

chemical work of the producer-gas tests was directed by Mr. H. G. Ecker, with Messrs. 

H. A. Grine and J. G. Goodwin as assistants. Since that date Mr. Grine has been head 

chemist, with Messrs. J. G. Goodwin and W. L. Hempelmann as assistants. The observations have been made by Messrs. Curt Adler, C. L. Armstrong, L. A. Delano, S. P. Sowell, 

W. B. Lemmon, and Julien Teza.

IMPROVED CONDITIONS OF TESTING.

' The operating conditions from May 1 to December 31, 1905, have been far superior to 

those that were possible during the Exposition period of 1904, and the results presented in 

this report have been subjected to refinements that were not attainable in the previous 

operation of the plant. A comparison of these figures with those obtained during 1904, 

published in Bulletin No. 261 (1905) and Professional Paper No. 48 (1906) of the United 

States Geological Survey, will show the general increase in efficiency of manipulation due 

to the improved conditions.

The determination of the amount of coal actually burned in the producer for any given 

period is, at best, a factor of more or less uncertainty. To reduce the possible error to a

36
PKODUCEB-GAS TESTS. . 37

minimum, it was deemed necessary to make the test on each coal as long as consistent. A 

schedule was therefore adopted at the beginning of this series of tests involving two sixtyhour runs per week. The first eight to twelve hours of each test period are used for getting 

the fuel bed into uniform and efficient condition. During these preliminary hours records 

are taken as in the regular tests, but the official test, as reported, includes only the last 

forty-eight or fifty hours of the run, during which time the conditions are main tamed as 

uniform as possible. Special attention is being directed to the .very important item of 

measurement of the coal actually used and special charts and checking devices have been 

introduced for this purpose.

Owing to the lack of reliability in the operation of the gas engine, many of the tests 

conducted during the Exposition period were of a few hours' duration only, but since the 

present series of tests began (May, 1905) no difficulty has been experienced in starting the 

engine at 8 a. m. Monday and continuing day and night without a stop until 8 a. m. Saturday. 

During this period two different coals are tested, and the change of gases is made at 8 p. m. 

Wednesday without stopping the engine.

NTJMBEK OF TESTS MADE.

During the period from May 1, 1905, to January 1, 1906, sixty-four producer-gas tests 

have been made. One of these tests was run on coke breeze and one on Brazil coal. The 

remaining sixty-two were divided as follows among different States: California, three tests 

on lignite arid locomotive cinders; Illinois, eighteen tests on coal; Indiana, eight tests on 

coal; Kansas, one test on coal; Kentucky, four tests on coal; North Dakota, three tests 

on lignite; Ohio, seven tests on coal; Pennsylvania, seven tests on coal; Virginia, four 

tests on coal; West Virginia, five tests on coal; Wyoming, two tests on coal.

SPECIAL, FEATUBES OF THE INVESTIGATIONS.

The results of the majority of the tests have been exceedingly gratifying, official records 

having been made as low as 0.95 pound of dry coal per hour burned in the producer per 

electrical horsepower developed at the switchboard, or 0.80 pound of dry coal per hour 

burned in the producer per brake horsepower, on the basis of an assumed efficiency of 85 

per cent for generator and belt..

Throughout the tests a constant effort has been made to do away with unnecessary 

appliances. This effort has furnished valuable and interesting information and has centered 

attention on several radical changes in the details of producer-gas plant construction.

It was found at an early date that more or less sulphur was passing the purifier and entering the engine cylinders. Investigations by the chemists showed that purifiers consisting 

of oxidized iron filings and shavings are fairly efficient for coals containing little sulphur 

1 per cent or less; but it was found that for coals containing larger percentages of sulphur 

the purifier became completely exhausted after about six or eight hours. Mixtures of 

lime and shavings were tried, but with little success. As a result of these investigations 

the purifier has been discarded, and the gas, carrying its full percentage of sulphur, has 

been charged directly into the engine cylinders. This method of operating has been going 

on for many months, and no ill effects have been discovered, though coal has been used 

containing as high as 8.1 per cent of sulphur. .

One feature of the plant as installed was the economizer, used for preheating the air for 

the blast. A series of experiments has shown no effect on the chemical composition of the 

gas or on the efficiency of the plant when air at ordinary atmospheric temperature was 

substituted for preheated air. As a result the economizer, as an economizer, has been 

discarded and the construction of the plant again simplified.

Other modifications and changes are under investigation at the present time, the most 

important from an economic standpoint relating to the utilization of slack coal in producers.

The results of the producer-gas tests will be found in the detailed report on each sample 

presented on pages 53-233.
COKING TESTS.

By A. W. BELDEN.

EQUIPMENT.

The ovens in which the tests of the coking qualities of coals have been made are of the 

regular beehive, pattern. Of the battery of three ovens, two are of standard size, 12 feet 

in diameter and 7 feet high;' the third is 12 "feet in diameter and 6 feet 4 inches high. 

.This change was made by raising the bottom of one of the standard ovens 8 inches-with 

well-tamped loam and bottom tile of the. usual size. The object of this-was to bring the 

.charge nearer the dome of the oven and effect a more rapid penetration of heat.

For the first 19 tests only the small ove'n was used. In the .twentieth charge one of 

the 7-foot ovens was blown in', and both have been used continuously during the remainder 

 of the work. Owing to the limited supply of coal it has not been possible to use more than 

two ovens. Both of these ovens may therefore be considered as end ovens, which by some 

are supposed to yield results less favorable than those from ovens located between other 

heated ovens; though, were this'supposition correct; the'difference would be fully balanced 

by the greater care bestowed on these experimental ovens as compared with ovens operated 

.under normal conditions. Since both of the ovens used are, in. the sense indicated, end 

.ovens, the results obtained in each are comparable one with the other.

In charging the ovens for the first nineteen tests the larry used held less than 1 ton. This 

necessitated the filling and emptying of the larry six to eight times before the charge was 

completed. Each portion thus became hpt and began to gas, invariably, and often to 

blaze, before the next portion of the charge was added. This unfortunate state of affairs 

is believed to be responsible, at least in some measure, for cross lamination and cross breakage of the coke, in many of these tests layers of coal as charged showing plainly in each 

oven drawn. The,average time of charging with this device was about one hour; the whole 

charge should be put in at once and as rapidly as possible.

. After the nineteenth charge a standardize larry, kindly loaned by the H. C. Frick Coke 

Company, was installed and this lamination and cross breakage disappeared, while the time 

of charging was reduced to an average of seven minutes.

PERSONNEL,.

The writer took charge of this work in May, succeeding Mr. Fred. W. Stammler, of Johns-^- 

town, Pa. He was assisted by Mr. W. E. Vickers, of Pocahontas, Va., to whom in large 

measure is due whatever success has been accomplished during these investigations.

PROCEDURE OF TESTS.

All coal was finely crushed through a Williams mill-unless otherwise requested and these 

exceptions are noted in the subjoined detailed report (pp. 53-233). The coals marked " not 

crushed" were, when unloaded from the cars, put through rolls having an aperture of \\ 

inches. The coals put through the Williams mill will practically all pass through a 10-mesh 

sieve. . .

38 * - .
COKING TESTS. 39

The ovens were always closed, both door and trunnel head, directly after being drawn, 

and allowed to gather heat, the length of time varying as necessity demanded. The average time was one hour and a half.

The sample of coal was taken at regular intervals as the charge was emptied from bin 

to larry, using a small shovel holding about a quarter of a pound; the total weight of the 

sample averaged 45 pounds.

The sample of coke was taken from five different parts of the oven, as nearly as possible 

from the same location for each test: One piece 2 feet from the oven door; one 2 feet from 

each side, on a line drawn from the center of the oven; one from the center, and one 2 feet 

from the back wall, on a line with the point of selection of the pieces taken from the door 

and the center. The separate pieces of coke extended the whole height of the charge, and 

were as nearly uniform in size as possible.

In beginning the series of tests the first charges showed a rather large percentage of 

breeze, this being before the ovens were fully seasoned, and black butts due to cold bottom 

were produced. It was unfortunate that these first tests should have been on supposedly 

noncoking coals, as the condition of the oven did not permit it to give as effective service 

as would probably have been the case under other and more favorable circumstances.

EXTENT OF TESTS.

In the scope of this report, covering the period from July 7 to December 20, are included 

results from 94 tests of 46 coals from 9 different States, as follows: Illinois, 5; Indiana, 7; 

Kentucky,. 4; Maryland, 1; Ohio, 9; Pennsylvania, 6; Virginia, 4; West Virginia, 9; 

Wyoming, 1. Of these tests, 60 were of raw coal, 32 of washed coal, 1 of raw coal with the 

addition of pitch, and 1 of washed coal with the addition of pitch.

Of the 46 different coals, six produced no coke, viz, Illinois No. 16 and No. 19, Indiana 

No. 3, Ohio No. 3, Maryland No. 1, and Wyoming No. 3. No coke was obtained from Illinois No. 16 owing to an accident to the larry; the test was discontinued. Maryland No. 1 

was coked by the addition of 10 per cent pitch to washed .coal. Wyoming No. 3 is a lignite. 

Four tests were made on Pennsylvania No. 9; two gave only a few pieces of coke, a third 

produced coke of inferior quality, and the fourth, with the addition of 5 per cent pitch to 

raw coal, produced coke, but of no better quality than that from washed coal.

The results of the coking tests will be found in the detailed'report on each samplej presented on pages 53-233.

FURTHER TESTS.

It is intended to experiment further with the addition of volatile hydrocarbons to noncoking coals and coals producing an inferior grade of coke. Conclusions from these experiments will be incorporated in a later and more complete report.
BRIQUETTING TESTS.

By J. A. HOLMES.

CHANGES IN EQUIPMENT.

The briquette machine used in the larger part of the testing work during 1905 was the 

one built by Win. Johnson & Sons, of Leeds, England, referred to in the reports of this 

work for 1904.« The American machine referred to in the same report was returned to the 

owners at the end of 1904. Briquettes made on the English machine during 1904 measured 4| by 6f by 5£ inches and averaged in weight 6.8 pounds. To obtain a briquette 

that would more nearly fulfill the requirements of domestic use and of stationary and locomotive boiler practice, it was thought advisable to reduce the size. To this end the mold 

wheel on the machine \yas planed down so as to make a briquette 1\ inches (instead of 5J 

inches) in thickness, the other dimensions remaining the same. By adjusting the machine 

to meet this change it was possible to make satisfactory briqtfettes weighing about 3J 

pounds, and these were used in the tests mentioned below.

With a view to obtaining a greater range in the size of the crushed fuel for the briquettes, 

a series of pulleys was installed on the driving and driven shafts operating the disintegrator, 

giving approximately 80, 65, and 50 per cent of its original speed. The necessary improvements were also made in the construction of this machine, such as a wider driving belt, 

extension of the elevator feeding the pug mill, proper drainage for the exhaust pipe, jacketing steam pipes, etc. By these improvements easier and more continuous operation 

was secured.

To determine with a fair degree of accuracy the percentage of binder being used with each 

fuel in the English briquetting machine, a gate was placed at the point where the small 

screw conveyor discharges the _pitch into the.mixing screw conveyor containing the coal. 

The percentage of binder was determined by weighing coal and binder, and, by experiment, 

the proper opening of the gate for each percentage of binder was determined.

PERSONNEL.

Mr. C. T. Malcolmson, the mechanical engineer in charge of the general work about the 

fuel-testing plant, has made the alterations in the briquetting equipment mentioned above 

and has also conducted the tests made on the English briquette machine. Prof. A. A. 

Steel, of the University of Arkansas, who superintended this work during 1904, has aided 

in the tests of 1905 in an advisory capacity. Dr. J. E. Mills, of the University of North 

Carolina, who served as chemist of this division from May 1 to October 6, 1905, conducted 

a series of laboratory experiments on the relative merits of different binding materials 

referred to in the following section.

oBuJl. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261, 1905, p. 13; Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 48,1906, p. 25. 

40
BEIQDETTING TESTS. 41

LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS.

In the laboratory investigations by Dr. J. E. Mills the substances named below were 

tested as binding materials in the manufacture of briquettes, both as to the possibility of 

their being used with the different varieties of bituminous coal and as to the percentage 

of each binder yielding the best results with each coal. The substances tested in this connection were as follows:

INORGANIC BINDEKS.

Clay. 

Lime. 

Magnesia.

Magnesia cement (magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride).

Plaster of Paris. 

Portland cement. 

Natural cement. 

Slag cement. 

Water glass.

ORGANIC BINDERS;

A. Wood products.

Rosin.

Pitch (rosin anrl trfr).

Pine-wood tar.

Douglas-fir tar.

Wood pulp.

Sulphite liquor (from paper mills.)

Hard-wood tar.

B. Sugar-factory residues.

Beet pulp. 

Lime cake.

Beet-sugar molasses. 

Cane-sugar molasses.

C. Starch. 

Corn starch. I Potato starch.

I). Slaughterhouse refuse. 

E. Tars and pitches from coal.

Blastrfurnace tar. 

Producer-gas tar. 

Illuminating-gas tar (from coal).

Impsonite.

Gilsonite.

Maltha.

By-product coke-oven tar.

Coal-tar creosote. -

Various grades of pitches from various tars.

'F. Natural asphalts.

Refined Bermuda.

Hard and refined or gum (from impregnated 

sandstone, etc.).

Refined Trinidad.

G. Petroleum products.

Crude oil.

Residuum (asphalts, etc.). 

Water-gas tar. 

Water-gas tar pitch. 

Wax tailings:

Acid sludge. . 

Asphalt tar. 

Pintsch-gas tar. 

Pittsburg flux.

These investigations related not only to the nature and the amount of the binder necessary for making satisfactory briquettes with each of the several coals tested, but also to 

the extent to which the binding quality of certain of these materials might be improved 

by the admixture of another binding material or another variety of coal.

Unless otherwise stated, 20 grams of each coal to be tested were weighed out and mixed 

with the different percentages of the binding material and placed in a Battcrsea crucible. 

A small amount of water was then added and the mixture heated with sufficient stirring 

to thoroughly mix the binder and coal until steam came off freely and only a small amount 

of water was left in the coal. The mixture while still hot was pressed in a small laboratory 

hand press, on which a pressure of 3,500 to 4,000 pounds per square inch was obtained. 

Each briquette weighed approximately 5 grams.
42 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

TESTS. OF. BINDING MATE1EIIAJLS.

There is need for much, additional investigation on a larger scale before definite results 

can be stated concerning the several possible binding materials for briquette manufacture; 

but the examinations, made by .Doctor Mills developed certain results which are at least 

suggestive. . . ......... ... , . -

The use of inorganic binding materials such as those mentioned above is. not.Jikely to 

prove practicable under any ordinary conditions, except that in the case of noncoking 

coals, when coking coals can not be obtained to mix with them, a small percentage of 

certain of these materials (such as magnesium oxide or carbonate, plaster of Paris, etc.), 

if added to other binding materials, may cause the briquettes to hold together better in 

the fire and hence undergo more complete combustion. It was not expected that all of 

these substances could be successfully used as binding materials in the manufacture of 

briquettes; nevertheless it was?believed that an examination of each substance as to its 

adaptability for this purpose might throw some light on the general problem under consideration.

Of the more specific results in the testing of different binding materials, the following 

tentative statements are made, pending further investigations:

The use of clay, lime, and cements as binding materials was found entirely unsatisfactory, for the reason that they add largely to the ash constituent of the briquette. The 

briquettes made with these materials as bond went to pieces on exposure to water and 

weather and their waterproofing by soaking in oils, etc., was found difficult and expensive. 

Water glass (or soda silicate) was also found to be unsuitable for use in this connection.

From 4 to 6 per cent of magnesium oxide used as a binder was found to hold the briquettes together satisfactorily in dry weather and in the fire, but they disintegrated on 

exposure to rainy weather or when immersed in water.

In the tests with plaster of Paris, from 2 to 12 per cent of this material being used as a 

binder, the briquettes made were hard but brittle, and quickly disintegrated on exposure 

to moisture. Three per cent of magnesia mixed with 6 to 8 per cent of water-gas tar pitch 

seemed to make; a stronger .briquette than the same percentage of pitch used alone; but 

the improvement in the quality of the briquette is not considered sufficient to cover the 

additional cost of the magnesia and the additional percentage of ash which it brings into 

the briquette. Furthermore, this addition of sulphur to the coal is undesirable.

None of the sugar-factory residues, namely, beet pulp, lime cake, beet-sugar molasses, 

and cane-sugar molasses, were considered satisfactory as binding materials, for the reason 

that the briquettes made with them disintegrate on exposure to the weather, and no inexpensive waterproofing has as yet proved satisfactory on a commercial scale.

Nor were any of the wood products, including rosin, pitch, pine-wood tar, hard-wood 

tar, Douglas-fir tar, wood pulp, and sulphite liquor from paper mills, when used alone 

regarded as satisfactory, though some of these materials used in combination with other 

binders gave results of some promise, and'deserve further investigation.

The tests made using from 0.5 to 3 per cent of starch as a binding material with different 

coals gave briquettes which were strong, were smokeless in burning, and held together in 

the fire until cdtapletely consumed; but these briquettes went .to pieces when wet or exposed 

to the weather for a considerable period of time. Experiments as to the possibility of 

cheaply waterproofing the briquettes bound with starch, so as to make them hold together 

when exposed to water, were sufficiently successful to warrant further investigation in 

this direction. Starch is obtainable in large quantities and can be easily produced in 

almost any part of the country. In its crude form it can probably be obtained at a price 

less than $20 per ton. . A.t this price, the use of 1 per cent of starch as a binder would add 

only 20 cents per ton to the cost of the briquettes. . ' -

The scarcity and high price of slaughterhouse refuse would prohibit its use as a binding 

material for briquettes, even if the tests with it were otherwise satisfactory, which was not 

the case.
BJJIQUETTING- TESTS. 43

The-tests with coal tars and the different grades of pitch made from these tars indicate 

that probably in the pitches the most satisfactory binders for the manufacture of briquettes 

will be found; and that these can be made at such a price as will bring the cost of the binding material used to not more than 50 to 75 cents per ton of briquettes. Briquettes made 

from a majority of the bituminous coals with a good grade of pitch as a binder are sufficiently strong to bear ordinary handling; they will stand exposure to the weather for a 

number of years without serious deterioration; and they burn well in the fire. The supply 

of pitch is already.large and can be easily-increased. The price now ranges from $9 to $11 

per ton. The pitches obtained from different plants and those obtained at .different times 

from the same plant varied considerably, not only in their boiling points but in other 

respects; and in the case of similar pitches the percentage necessary for the proper working of different coals seemed tq vary according to differences in the quality of the coals. 

It was found to be better to mix with a nonce king coal 10 to 20 per cent of a coking coal, 

rather than to increase the percentage of pitch.

In the investigation of "the asphalts as binding'materials,'impsonite from Indian Territory was found to be rather unsatisfactory, though in a. number of tests _with noncoking 

coals the result was-improved by the addition to such coal of from 5.to 10 per cent of 

impsonite in addition .to from 3 to-5 per cent of ordinary pitch or some other binding 

material. From 4 to 8 per cent of gilsonite and other asphalts from Utah gave fairly 

satisfactory results as a binder. This material is said .to exist in Utah and elsewhere in 

large quantities, and while the price is at present too high to permit its extensive use, as a 

binder, doubtless should the demand for.it in this, connection increase the deposits would 

be opened up to such an extent that it might be sold at lower prices.

Experiments were made with several.other asphaltic materials, and.though the results 

were such as to warrant further investigation they, were not altogether satisfactory. As-; 

phaltic tar yielded fairly good results as a waterproofing material in briquettes made with 

starch. Asphaltic materials yielded the best.results in.waterproofing. . Erom 4 to 6 per cent of maltha (a liquid .asphalt) used as a binder, yielded fairly satisfactory .results with coking coals. . With noncoking coals it was found to be insufficient for 

the purpose. . . ......... . , . .

. .Crude petroleums have been tested as binding materials, with satisfactory results. The 

asphaltic petroleums were used successfully in waterproofing briquettes made with a 

starch binder, though it is doubtful whether this practice would prove entirely satisfactory 

in operations .on a commercial scale. In .the tests, the success of the waterproofing was 

fairly proportional to the amount of asphaltic material in the petroleum. .As a binding 

material the asphaltic petroleum proved even more .successful than when used for waterproofing purposes, from 6 ,to 8 per cent being entirely satisfactory.

The petroleum residuums proved to be successful binding materials somewhat in proportion as the per cent of asphalt in them increased. That obtained from the Gulf Refining Company, of Port Arthur, Tex., was found to melt at a temperature of 100° C., and 

about 99,38 per cent of it was found to be soluble in carbon disulphide. Another sample 

of asphaltic petroleum from the Gulf Refining Company flowed at a temperature of 95° C. 

and of this it was found that carbon disulphide would dissolve 99.88 per cent.. From 4 to 

6 per cent of this material gave excellent results as a binder for briquettes.

Water-gas tar, which is obtained from illuminating-gas plants, was not tested sufficiently 

to give satisfactory results, but it is believed that this material could be used as a binder 

if properly mixed with other somewhat similar materials. It is necessary, after this 

material is mixed, with the coal, that the mixture should be raised to a sufficiently high 

temperature to liquefy and perhaps even to vaporize the tar.

The water-gas pitch .which, was furnished by the.Barrett Manufacturing Company flowed 

at a temperature .of 92° C. It was found that 4£ to 7 per cent of this pitch, which would 

be equivalent to from 6 to 8 per cent of coal-tar pitch, would make satisfactory briquettes. 

The cost of this binder; would be from 45 to 65 cents per ton of briquettes.
44 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

The wax tailings used in these investigations were obtained from the Standard Oil Company. They melt at a temperature of about 70° C. From 4 to 6 per cent of this material 

would prove satisfactory in the briquettes. The amount of this material produced in the 

United States is small and the price is about 6 cents per gallon. This would make the 

binding material used in a ton of briquettes cost approximately 45 to 60 cents.

Tests made with acid sludge as a binder were not satisfactory. It not only added the 

unwelcome sulphur, but its binding qualities were very inferior.

. Asphalt tar was found unsatisfactory as a binder even when 8 to 12 per cent was used, 

inasmuch as the briquettes fell to pieces in the fire; but its use for waterproofing when 

starch or other material had been used as a binder proved fairly satisfactory.

Pintsch-gas tar, produced by heating petroleum oil in iron retorts at a high temperature, 

was obtainable in so small a quantity that only preliminary tests were made covering its 

use as a binder and these were only partially satisfactory.

REQUISITES FOR BINDING MATERIALS.

The results of the investigations in the laboratory. of the fuel-testing plant and the 

writer's observations in briquetting plants in other countries point to certain general conclusions concerning the requisites of satisfactory binding materials for use in the manufacture of briquettes.

In the making of coal briquettes the binding work is best performed when the particles 

of coal are coated and when the void spaces are filled with the binding material. This is 

best accomplished when the temperature of the mixture before compression is raised sufficiently to liquefy or vaporize the binder.

The relation between the coal and the binder seems to be physical rather than chemical, 

though it is possible that certain minor chemical changes may 'accompany the briquetting 

operation.

The amount of the binding material necessary will therefore depend on the aggregate 

of the surfaces of the coal particles to be coated, on the void spaces to be filled, and on 

the general physical and chemical character of the coal. Coking coals require less binder 

than noncoking coals, and the percentage of binder necessary for the latter coals may, in 

many cases, be diminished and the quality of the briquette otherwise improved by the 

previous admixture with them of from 10 to 20 per cent of some coking coal?

Furthermore, when a coal is finely pulverized, a result which frequently follows protracted slacking on exposure to the weather, the briquetting of such material is facilitated 

by the mixture of a considerable percentage of the same or another coal preferably a 

nonslacking coal crushed to sizes ranging from one-sixteenth inch to one-fourth inch.

The following are mentioned as the more important requisites of a suitable binding 

^material for use in the manufacture of briquettes:

(1) It must be inexpensive, because of the small difference in the United States between 

the prices of slack or fine coal and those of lump coal. This difference in some regions is 

practically nothing, as in the Pocahontas coal fields of West Virginia; while in a number 

of other fields, as in portions of Indiana, Illinois, Arkansas, etc., it may reach $1 or even 

$1.50 a ton.

(2) It should be capable of abundant production in different parts of the country, in 

order to avoid the necessity for long transportation.

(3) It should be of such character as to make it easily handled and applied at workable 

temperatures. If it is used in solid condition, as in the case of pitch, the melting point 

should not be lower than the temperature of hot summer days, nor ordinarily above that 

of live steam.

(4) It should hold the briquette together strongly, not only during ordinary handling 

and transportation, but also during protracted exposure to the weather and while burning. 

Certain materials, like starch and molasses, yield fairly satisfactory results as long as the 

briquettes are kept dry and during their consumption by fire; but as these materials are 

soluble in water, the briquettes in which they are used as a binder go to pieces under the
BRIQUETTINU TESTS. 45

action of water unless rendered waterproof through the application of other substances. 

On the other hand some briquettes which remain firm under the action of water crumble 

when heated because of the fact that the binding material used volatilizes at a low temperature. Even in the coking coals the binder should hold the particles together at least until 

the coal itself is sufficiently softened to cohere and begin burning.

(5) It should not add appreciably to the ash of the coal nor increase the clinker formation in the ash. It should not give off fumes nor seriously increase the smoke in the burning 

of ihe briquettes. It is generally claimed that owing to the more perfect combustion in 

burning briquettes, less smoke is produced from the coal and binder together than is given 

off from the consumption of the unbriquetted or natural coal. Binding materials which 

have a low melting or boiling temperature give off more smoke because of the fact that 

this smoke originates at a temperature too low for complete combustion. Briquettes, as 

in the case of lump coal, give off less smoke when the arrangements for proper draft are 

such as to facilitate combustion.

(6) The binding material should increase, or certainly should not decrease, the heating 

quality of the coal which is used in triSrttianufacturo of the briquettes.

BBIQUETTESTG WITHOUT THE USE OF BINDING MATERIALS.

In August, 1904, under the writer's supervision, samples of lignite from Lehigh, N. Dak., 

and from near Rockdale, Tex., were shipped to Magdeburg and Zeitz, Germany, to be used 

for experiments to determine the feasibility of briquetting these lignites with the German 

presses. These tests were conducted by the writer. They were entirely successful and 

the briquettes made with these lignites, after being crushed and dried, subsequently stood 

the tests applied to the German lignite briquettes, which are extensively used for domestic 

purposes.

To a portion of the briquettes made at Magdeburg 2 per cent of ordinary coal-tar pitch 

was added, with the view of determining what, if any, advantage would result from such 

an addition. Laboratory cesuS indicated that the briquettes to which this pitch had been 

added burned more rapidly, with more flame, and at a higher heat efficiency than those 

without it, and the North Dakota lignite seemed to give off fewer sparks in burning. It 

is estimated that the cost of manufacturing those briquettes (not. including the cost of the 

lignite) should not exceed 50 cents per ton. The analyses of the lignite briquettes made 

at Magdeburg are as follows:

Analyses of lignite briquette* made at Magdeburg, Germany. 

[Dried before briquetting.]

-

$s.

K 

o

M

f-t

<u "§1'

p

Cal< 

Bril

Moi 

M

f Ash..................................... ........

store in undried sample of lignite as received at

From Lehigh, 5J. Dak.

Without 

pitch or 

other 

hinder.

12.96 

37. 79 

38.63 

10.62 

.75 

4.99 

52.88 

.65 

30.11 

4.941 

8,894

28

With 

2 per cent 

of pitch 

added.

11.22 

38.68 

41.11 

8.99 

1.04 

5.09 

56.26 

.73 

27.89 

5,332 

9,598

.87

From Rockdale, Tex.

Without 

pitch or 

other 

binder. .

8.88 

40.92 

41.90 

8.30 

.97 

5.21 

59.06 

1.15 

25.31 

5,682 

10,228

32

With 

2 per cent 

of pitch 

added.

8.92- 

41.33 

. 42.35 

7.40 

1. 07 

5.23 

59.61 

1.14 

25.55 

5,828 

10,490

.07
46 OPEEATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

It is proposed to continue these investigations of the lignites until results are obtained 

which will show how they, can-be briquetted economically in the manner indicated above 

and, in general, how they can be utilized most efficiently.

Concerning the possibility of briquetting bituminous coals without binding materials, 

by raising the temperature, and also concerning the possibility of decreasing the percentage of binding material by raising the, temperature of the coals preliminary to briquetting, a number of tests were made.by Doctor Mills in the laboratory of the fuel-testing 

plant at St. Louis, but the results in each case .were unsatisfactory, as they failed to indicate the probability of economic success in that direction. .

SOME GENERA^ CONCLUSIONS.

The .successful development of a coaVbriquetting. industry in the United States will 

depend on a number of conditions, some of which are variable. . . -

The condition which more than any other has prevented the development of such an 

industry in this country is the low price of bituminous coal and especially the small difference 

between the price of the lump coal and that of the slac?', or fine coal. Especially is this latter 

phase of the problem illustrated by the coking coals of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, 

where much of the slack coal commands' a price equal to or approximating that of the 

lump coal. Much of the.lump coal is finally crushed before being manufactured into coke, 

and the slack coal even has the advantage in not having to be crushed. Furthermore, 

even where these coals are not used f.or the. manufacture of coke, but are sold for general 

power purposes, much of the fine coal can be shipped and burned with the lump coal, for 

the reason that it fuses as soon as it begins to burn, and therefore does not to any serious 

extent sift down through the grate bars and either clog the draft or escape with the ashes, 

as is the case with noncoking coals.

In the territory of the noncoking coals the demand for the slack coal is not.so great, and it 

can in some places be bought at less than 50 cents per. ton; while at a number of. mines 

large quantities are thrown on the dump as, waste, frequently being burned in order to 

gee rid of it. . ... - .._..,. ... -.,.

Perhaps in no country has specialized equipment for. burning fine coal been carried sq,far as 

it has in the United States, but the results of a number .of tests by engineers seem to indicate that with the noncoking. coals the use of the finely powdered coal, even in the modern 

furnace, is a disadvantage rather than a gain, for the reason that this fine material sifts 

through onto the grates, is ultimately lost with the ashes, and meanwhile prevents a full 

draft, which is essential to rapid and complete combustion. This is, therefore, one class of 

material which should be separated from the coarser coals and made into briquettes, 

provided the price at which these briquettes can be sold is sufficient to more than cover 

the cost of manufacture.

With anthracite and semianthracite coals the difference between the price of the lump 

coal and that of the slack is often more than sufficient to cover the cost of manufacturing 

briquettes, and in such cases there can be; no question as to the possibility of establishing 

a briquetting industry as soon as the proper binding material and briquetting equipment 

can be provided.

There are still other cases in which it is claimed that the difference between the prices 

of the lump coal and of the slack are either just sufficient, or scarcely sufficient, to cover 

the cost of briquette manufacture, but the fact that the briquettes made from this material 

present certain advantages over the lump coal make them command a sufficiently higher 

price to provide a margin of profit.

Unfortunately the high cost of the pitch which is generally used as a binding material 

is one of the barriers now existing in the way of the development of this industry. One 

of the purposes of the present investigation is.to discover, if. possible, some cheaper binding 

material, and the outlook in that direction i& encouraging. The cost of manufacturing 

briquettes in France, Germany, Belgium, arid'England, including all necessary items
: BEIQUETTING TESTS. 47

except that of the coal and binding material, is estimated to range from 25 to 50 cents per 

ton, varying with the local conditions.

Where pitch is used as a binder, as is almost universally the case in each of these countries, 

its cost for a ton of briquettes may be said to range from 50 to 80 cents. How far this cost 

may be reduced by the use oh a commercial scale of cheaper binders remains to be seen.

The most favorable outlook for the development of this industry in the United States is 

in connection with the use of briquettes in locomotives and in domestic furnaces and stoves. 

It can hardly be expected-that, at anything approximating existing prices, briquettes can 

be manufactured for successful use in the ordinary power-plant furnaces of the country.

In connection with the'use of briquettes for domestic purposes, the following advantages 

are claimed: '

1. That the briquettes burn with a higher efficiency and-with less smoke, because they 

allow a better circulation of air and the combustion is more complete and more uniform.

2. That the briquettes are cleaner, and that there is less waste in their use.

3. That they burn with more'flame (owing to the added combustible binding material) 

and at higher temperatures.

4. That they occupy less space (by from 5 to 20 per cent) than does the lump coal.

5. That they stand handling and exposure to weather better.

6. That in their storage there is no risk of spontaneous combustion..

A number of these advantages are also claimed for the use. of briquettes in locomotives.

SOME CHATtACTETCTSTICS OF GOOD BRIQUETTES.

In view of the great interest existing in the development of a briquetting industry in the 

United States at the present time and of the numerous efforts toward such development 

which are being put forth in different parts of the country, it may not be inopportune to 

introduce here a brief statement of some of the requisites of a briquette intended for general 

use:

(1) The cost should be but little, if any, in excess of that of lump'coal of the same kind as 

that from which the material in the briquette .was derived. ...

(2) The strength and binding material of the briquette must be such that it will (a) bear 

handling and railway transportation without serious loss from crumbling, (6) stand exposure 

to the weather without serious deterioration, and (c) retain'its shape in the fire.

(3) Its density should at least equal that of the lump coal from the same mine and, if 

practicable, should exceed it. It should not absorb more than about 3 per cent of water.

(4) It should ignite readily and burn with a good, intense flame, and as nearly as possible 

without odor or smoke. . , - - .. 

(5) Its heating value-should not be less than that of the best lump coal from the'same 

mine. Naturally its heating value can not exceed 'that of this coal, except that if the binding material used has a higher heat efficiency, this may slightly increase the heat efficiency 

of the briquette, and the more complete combustion which is claimed for the briquette as 

compared with the natural coal may still further slightly increase its relative heat efficiency.

(6) Its ash should not exceed that of the best lump coal from the same mine. Whenever 

the conditions are favorable, the percentage of ash should be reduced by washing the fine 

coal preliminary to its use in briquette manufacture.-

The sizes of briquettes will vary according .to the purposes for which they are intended 

and with other local conditions. In general, it may be said that the larger the briquette the 

cheaper its manufacture. Some of the English briquettes shipped to South America weigh 

as much as 20 pounds each. The English briquettes exported from Swansea average about 

10 pounds each in weight. The briquettes commonly used on locomotives in France, Belgium, Germany, and other European countries range from about 3 to 10 pounds in weight. 

The larger briquettes are generally broken into pieces before being thrown into the furnace 

or fire box, and this always causes more or less waste, but the large size is adopted for 

original manufacture owings to the smaller cost and the convenience in handling. The
48 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

briquettes for domestic use are not usually more than 2 pounds nor less than one-fourth 

pound in weight. The smaller briquettes are usually of biscuit or lenticular shape, whereas 

the larger briquettes for railroad use are generally square or prismatic, with slightly rounded

PRELIMINARY TESTS IN BURNING BRIQUETTES ON LOCOMOTIVES.

Two hundred tons of Arkansas semianthracite slack coal from the mines of the Western 

Coal and Mining Company were made into briquettes for the purpose of preliminary tests 

concerning, their suitability for use in locomotives. Twelve tons of this coal were made, 

on a Renfrow machine, into biscuit-shaped briquettes averaging about 10 ounces in weight. 

The remainder was made into briquettes 4| by 6| by 1\ inches, averaging in weight about 3$ 

pounds. From 6 to 6£ per cent of pitch was used as a binding material in all these briquettes.

After a few tests on a switching engine to determine'the best method of firing these 

briquettes, two tests were made on the locomotive drawing the regular passenger train of 

the Missouri Pacific Railway from St. Louis to Sedalia, Mo., a distance of 188 miles. On a 

similar run made by this passenger train, with the same engine and fireman, lump coal was 

used from the C'onsolidated Coal Company's mine No. 17, at Collinsville, 111., this being taken 

as a good average .of the coal ordinarily used by the Missouri Pacific Railway. The water 

and coal consumed were in each case carefully weighed, but in these preliminary tests no 

records were made of the steam pressures and temperatures of the feed water.

The engine steamed freely on each of the three tests. No clinkers were formed on the 

grates or tube sheet with the Illinois bituminous coal. A light clinker was formed over the 

grates with both runs on the Arkansas coal, which, however, did not interfere with the 

engine making the required amount of steam. The tube sheet clinkered on the run using 

Renfrow briquettes, and it was necessary to clean off the clinker at Jefferson City, 125 miles 

from St. Louis. In both tests with briquettes they burned almost without smoke and were 

reported as being a satisfactory fuel for locomotives in the service of this railroad. The 

mechanical engineer of the company, under whose supervision these tests were made, 

expresses the opinion that the advantages gained in burning the briquettes were more than 

sufficient to.cover the cost of their manufacture.

However, the above tests must be considered as simply preliminary to more careful tests 

to be made later, and these additional tests must be made at an early date.

PARTIAL, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BRIQUETTING.

The following list includes a number of articles on the briquetting of fuels, which may be 

found interesting and useful. In a later publication this list will be enlarged by the addition of a number of titles and notes on the several papers. Meanwhile this briefer list will, 

it is believed, answer the purpose for which it is intended.

1594. 

Platt, Sir Hugh [pamphlet on briquetting; said to be the first knpwn literature on the subject.]

1776. 

Jars, Herr [pamphlet said to be the oldest German literature on briquetting].

1861. 

Gerondeau, H., Notes sur 1'agglomdration des charbons menus: Revue universelle des mines.

1864. . 

Oppler, , Die Fabrikation kunstlicher Brennstoffe.

1868. . 

Pole, Dr. W., Notes on the original manufacture of coal: Polytechnisches Centralblatt, pp. 343, 654.

1869. 

Pole, Dr. W., Notes on the original manufacture of coal: Polytechnisches Centralblatt, p. 1374.
LITERATURE RELATING TO BRIQUETTING. 49

1877.

Loiseau, E. F., Manufacture of artificial fuel at Port Richmond, Philadelphia: Trans. Am. Inst. Mln.

Eng., vol. 6, 1877-78, pp. 214-220'.

Annales industrielles par Fredureau et Cie., Paris. ' . Verbesserung des Theers bei der Briquettefabrikation: Berg- und Hiittenmannische Zeitung, p. 281

1879.

Bjorling, P. R., Briquettes and briquette machinery: Colliery Guardian, September 24. 

Loiseau, E. F., Manufacture of artificial fuel at Port Richmond, Philadelphia: Trans. Am. Inst, Mln. 

Eng., vol. 8,1879-80, pp. 314-320.

1880.

Berg, F.', Ueber Briquettirung Westfalische Feinkohle.

Gregor, , Braunkohlen Briquettes: Annalen fur Gewerbe und Bauwesen, vol. 7, p. 244.

Gurlt, Dr. Adolf, Die Bereitung der steinkohlen Briquettes.

Loiseau, E. F., Manufacture of pressed fuel: Van Nostrand's Eng. Mag., vol. 23, p. 41.

Loiseau, E. F., Manufacture of artificial fuel at Port Richmond, Philadelphia (supplemented by a brief 

statement by W. P. Shinn): Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. 9, 1880-81, p. 294.

Der Maschinenbauer, vol. 15, p. 255.

Herstellung von Briquettes aus Steinkohlenklein mit Hulfevon islandischem Moos: Der Maschinenbauer, vol. 15, p. 335.

1881.

Junemann, F., Die Briquette-Industrie und die Brennmaterialen, olded.

' 1882.

Grossmilller, , Die Fabrikation des Briquettes: Schwabischo Industrieblatter, vol. 1, p. 154,

Artificial fuel from anthracite dust: Iron Age, vol. 30, No. 13.

Briquettefabrikation: Berg- und Hiittenmannische Zeitung, vol. 41, p. 272; Wieck's Gewerbezeitung,

vol. 47, p. 242; Deutsche Industrie-Zeitung, vol. 23, p. 264. ' 

Compressed fuel for the navy: Mining Jour., vol. 52, p. 102. 

Preparation of artificial fuel: Am. Gaslight Jour., vol. 37, p. 37.

1883.

Bokelberg, , Amerikanische Presskohlen: Wochenschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, vol. 7,

p. 147. 

Fabrication de briquettes avec le poussier de coke: Chronique industrielle, vol. 6, p. 294.

1884.

Doppelpresse zur Herstellung von Kohlenbriquettes: Wiebe's Skizzenbuch fur den-Ingenieur, .vol. 1 

pp. 3,4. . ' 

1885.

Saltery, , Fabrication des briquettes: Moniteur industriel beige, vol. 12, p. 397.

Wendlandt, , Fabrikation der Braunkohlen-Briquettes: Verhandlungen der Polytechnischen

Gesellschaft, vol. 46, p. 155. 

Herstellung der Kohlenbriquettes und Presskohlen: Elsner's Chemisch-technische Mittheilungen,

1885-86, p. 61. 

Holzkohlenbriquettes: Centralblatt fur Holzindustrie, vol. 3, p. 10. . :

1886.

Saltery, , Neue Herstellung von Steinkohlenbriquettes: Deutsche Industrie-Zeitung, vol. 2, p. 17. 

Ueber Kohlenbriquettes: Der praktische Maschinen-Constructeur, vol. 19, p..387.

1887.

Kosmann, , Die Bedeutung des Hydrat-Wassers in der Zusammensetzung der Braunkohle fur die

Briketfabrikation: Berg- und Huttenmannische Zeitung, vol. 35, p. 616. 

Preissig, , Die Presskohlen-Industrie, Freiberg.

Application de la me'lasse a la fabrication des briquettes: Chronique industrielle, vol. 10, p. 98. 

Briquets aus Kohlen und Erzstaub mittelst Me'lasse: Deutsche Industrie-Zeitung, vol. 13, p. 124. . 

Coke and briquettes: Annales industrielles, vol. 19, p. 25.

1888.

Briquets aus Kohlen und Erzstaub mittelst Me'lasse: Dampf, vol. 6, p. 19.

Fabrikation von kleinen eiformigen Briquettes: Neueste Erflndungen und Erfahrungen von Kohlen, 

vol. 15, p. 178.

Bull. 290 06 4
50 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

. 1889.

Biittgenbach, , BraunkoMenbriketts, deren Darstellung and Verwerthung: Eisen-Zeitung, vol. 10

p. 599. 

Kosmann, , Die Bedeutung des Hydrat-Wassers in der Zusammensetzung der Braunkohle fiir die

Briketfabrikation: Berg- und Huttenmannische Zeitung, vol. 48, p. 371. 

Muck, , Werthbestimmung von Theerpech als Bindemittel fur Briquettes: Schilling's Jour, fiir

Gasbeleuchtung, vol. 32, p. 1054.

Petroleumbriquettes: Der Metallarbeiter, vol. 15, p. 609. 

Ueber Braunkohlen-Briquettefabrikation: Industrie-Blatter, vol. 26, p. 300. 

Ueber die Zusammensetzung tauglicher Briquets aus Braunkohlen: Der Maschinenbauer, vol. 24,

p. 622. - 

1891.

Henry, ,-Briquett-Presse: Der Maschinenbauer, vol. 26, p. 295.

Soetje, , Neues Verfahren der Fabrikation von Torfkohlen und Torfbriquettes: Deutsche landwirthschaftliche Presse, vol. 18, p. 27.

1892.

Dumble, E. T., Report on the brown coals and lignites of Texas: Bull. Geol. Survey Texas, Austin. 

Briquette making in France: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 50, p. 126.

1894.

Colquhoun, Wm., The manufacture of briquette fuel: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., London, vol. 118, p. 191. 

(Contains an abridgment of the original articles, but gives a full account of the discussion afterwards.)

Briquettes in France in 1872: Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., vol. 118, p. 385.

Briquette-making machinery at the Antwerp exhibition: Engineering, vol. 58, p. 72.

Colliery Guardian, vol. 67, p. 842; vol. 68, pp. 578, 622, 698, 760.

1895.

Colqunoun, Wm., Manufacture of coal briquettes: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 60, p. 347. 

Zusammenstellung der vergleichenden Versuche iiber die Heizkraft u. s. w., verschiedener Steinkohlen, 

Presskohlen, und Koks: Berg- und Huttenmannische Zeitung, vol. 54, p. 182.

Gruhl, , Entstaubungsverfahren bei der Braunkohlen-Briquettes Fabrikation: Chemiker Zeitung 

Repertorium, Coethen, vol. 20, p. 311.

Helmhacker, R., Coke works and briquetting of mineral coal in Austria: Eng. and Min. Jour., November?.

Neare, N. G., Coal briquettes: Tradesman, July 1. '

Smith, , Preparation de la tourbe et de briquettes de tourbe: Corps gras, Paris, vol. 22, p. 355.

Wagner, J. R., The manufacture of compressed fuel in the United States: Cassier's Magazine, vol. 11,

p. 23. ' 

1897.

Quaet-Faslem, , Herstellung von Coks und Briquetts aus Torf: Mittheilungen des Vereins zur

Forderung der Moorcultur im Deutschen Reiche, vol. 15, pp. 83-100.

Scheele, Prof. , Die Brikettfabriken des Senftenberger Braunkohlenreviers: Gliickauf, March 13-20, 

Dust explosions in briquette works and means for their prevention: Colliery Guardian, April 15. 

Manufacture of briquette fuel: Iron and Coal, vol. 54, pp. 77-78.

1898.

Bjorling, P. R., Manufacture of briquettes: Mineral Industry, New York, vol. 6, pp. 177-205. 

Castellan, M., Plant for stocking patent fuel at French colliery: Colliery Guardian, October 7. 

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Petroleum oder anderen fliissigen Brennstoff enthaltenden Briketts auf 

kaltem Wege: Allgemeine Oesterreichische Chemiker- und Techniker-Zeiturig, Wien, vol. 16, No. 13.

1899.

Atwater, R. M., Domestic coke and briquettes from retort coke ovens: Iron Trade Review, January 26.

Binder, 0., Apparatus for testing pitch for briquette making: Colliery Guardian, June 16.

Kosmann, , Welche Erfahrungen liegen iiber die Ofenfeuerung von Dampf-Kesseln und Brennofen 

mit Briketts vor?: Mittheilungen des Deutschen Vereins fiir Fabrikation von Ziegeln u. s. w., Berlin, vol. 35, pp. 193-197.

Coal briquettes in Wales: U. S. Consular Reports, No. 327.

Velna process for the manufacture of briquettes: Am. Mfg. and Iron World, Pittsburg, January 18.

1900.

Buhler, , Fabrikation der Essigsaure und des Acetons, sowie von Briketts aus Hauskohlen: Zeitschrift fiir angewandte Chemie, p. 637.
LITERATURE RELATING TO BRIQUETTING. 51

Briquettes a hydrocarbures; proce'de' de Velna: -Revue industrielle, Paris, vol. 31, pp. 298-299. 

Tne manufacture of patent fuel in Wales; U. S. Consular Reports, No. 852.

1901.

Andrep, Aleph, Swedish methods of preparing peat fuel: Engineering News, vol. 45, p. 434. 

Bock, Otto, Die Ziegelfabrikation, Leipzig.

Catlett, C., Note on briquetting coking coals: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 71, p. 329. 

Fischer, Dr. F., Technologic der Brennstoffe, Braunschweig.

 HeidenstamV'Gustaf V., Manufacture of briquettes from wood waste: Engineer, London, vol. 92, p. 465.

Randall, , A cheap and superior substitute for coal: Textile Record, vol. 22, p. 243.

'BrikettMaschine, System Edison: PraktischeMaschinen-Zonstrukteur, vol. 34,1901, p. 125.

Note on briquettes in Belgium: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 72, p. 850. . 

' Note on briquette making in Germany: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 71, p. 593.

Sawdust briquettes: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 72, p. 627.

Untersuchungen von Torf-Briquettes: Dingler's Jour., Stuttgart, vol. 316, p. 225.

1902.

Granville, , Solidified crude-oil fuel: Railroad Gazette, New York, vol. 46, p. 958.

 Heumann, , Erfahrungen mit der Verfeuerung von Torf-Briquettes: Deutsche landwirthschaftliche Presse, vol. 29, p. 247.

Heumann, , Manufacture and use of briquettes in Germany: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 74, p. 244.

Irwin, Wm. G., Fuel-briquetting industry in the United States: Iron Age, June 19.

Kegel, C., Briquetting of brown coal: Gliickauf, July 5.

' Kroupa, Gustav., New process for preparing peat for briquetting and other purposes: Oesterreichischo 

Zeitungfiir Berg- und JJiittenwesen, February 1 and 8; Colliery Guardian, March 7.

Lehner, Dr. S., Die Kunststeine.

Mason, F. H., Manufacture and use of briquettes in Germany: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 74, p. 244.

Middleton, , Machinery for making briquettes: Engineer, vol. 77, p. 262.

Parker, E. W., Report on the production of coal: Mineral-Resources U. S. for 1902, U. S. Geol. Survey, 

p. 328.

Sachse, - Peat fuel: Eng. Rec., vol. 46, p. 29-. . Schorr, Robt.,-Briquetting and peat fuel: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 74, p. 714.

Schorr, Robt., The briquetting of fuels: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 74, November 8, p. 621.

Steger, , Bindemittel fiir Brennstoflbriquetts: Oesterreichische Zeitschrift fiir Berg- und Huttenwesen, vol. 50.. pp. 311-320.

Wendt, Hr. , Ore concentration, coal preparation, briquetting, etc.: Gliickauf, July 12.

Apparatus for compressing coal before coking: Genie civil, November 15.

Fuel briquettes in Germany: Eng. News, vol. 2, p. 325.

German processes and machinery for briquette manufacture: U. S. Consular Reports, No. 1466, October 11.

Making peat briquettes by electric power: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 74, p. 41.

Manufacture of briquettes: Engineering, November 14.

Note on briquette plant in New Mexico: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 73, p. 313.

Utilization of peat as fuel: Eng. News, vol. 47, p. 476.

Verwendung von Braunkohlenbriquetts fiir Dampfkesselfeuerung, Halle: Zeitschrift fiir Heizungs-, 

Luftungs- und Wasserleitungstechnik, vol. 7, p. 49.

1903.

Bjorling, P. R., Briquettes and patent fuel, London, p. 256.

Booth, W. H., Briquet fuel: Engineer, U. S. A., April 1.

Booth, W. H., Briquet fuel: Eng., Cleveland, vol. 40, p. 251.

Gehre, r, New process for making briquettes: Sci. Am. Suppl., vol. 55, p. 22871.

Giflord, R. L., Briquetting of flue dust, fine ore, and fuel: Eng. News, vol. 49, p. 140.

Gifford, R. L., Briquetting of fuel: Eng. News, vol. 49, pp. 235-236.

Junemann, F., Die Briquette-Industrie und die Brennmaterialen, new ed., p. 320.

Lose, Ed., The Briquette industry in France: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 76, pp. 277 and 431.

Steger, , Die Herstellung kleinstiickiger Briquetts: Stahl und Eisen, vol. 23, p. 1313.

Briketts: Gewerbeblatt aus Wurtenberg, vol. 55, p. 361.

Briquettes as fuel in foreign countries: U. S. Consular Reports, vol. 26. . Desulfurit-Dauerbrand-Briketts der Gebr. Hopfner in Bleckendorf: Uhland's Technische Rundschau,

Suppl., p. 101.

Fuel-briquetting machinery:. Eng., Cleveland, vol. 40, p. 249. 

Johnson's coal and coke-breeze briquette machine: Engineering, vol. 56, p. 81. 

Manufacture of peat fuel: Engineer, vol. 96, p. 500. 

Versuche mit festem Petroleum als Heizstoff: Schiffbau, vol. 4, p. 517. 

Zeitzer Eisengiesserei und Waschbau-A. G., Briquet-Fabrik: Praktische Maschinen-Zonstrukteur,

vol. 36, p. 203.
52 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

1904.

Bennet, , A bricking plant for flue dust and fine ores: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 78, p. 425.

Fulton, John, Fuel-briquetting industry: Mines and Minerals, vol. 25? p. 106.

Gradenwitz, Dr. A., Coal briquetting: Mining Reporter, December 29.

Hofbauer, , Kohlenbriquetts aus ausgelaugter Weinhefe und Steinkohlenklein: Erflndungen und

Erfahrungen, Neueste, vol. 31, p. 248. See also vol. 31, pp. 33 and 310.

Maestracci, , Petroleum als Heizmaterial: Chemische Zeitung, Repertorium, vol. 18, p. 24. 

Mason, , Lignite, peat, and coal-dust fuel in Germany: Electrical Review, New York,.vol. 42, p. 612;

Sci. Am. Suppl., vol. 55, p. 22846; West. Electrician, vol. 32, p. 360. 

Pratt, Jos. H., Briquetting tests (Preliminary report on the operations of the coal-testing plant of the

U. S. Geological Survey): Bull. U. S. Geological Survey No. 261, pp. 134-168. 

Schondeling, H., Aufbesserung der Steinkohlen Briquetts zwecks Rauchverminderung: Gliickauf,

November 5.

Schorr, Robert, Fuel and mineral briquetting: Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. 35, p. 82. 

Schorr, Robert, The briquette plant at Stockton, Cal.: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 78, p. 262. 

Vickers, , Lignite, peat, and coal-dust fuel: Sci. Am. Suppl., vol. 55, pp. 22846-22847. 

Walsh, G. E., Briquetting fuel materials: Power, April. 

White and Griffin, Machine pour la fabrication des briquettes de tourbe: Revue industrielle, vol. 35,

p. 234.

Woodhead, Henry, Briquetting of coal: Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 78, p. 541. 

Aglomeraci<3n de la hulla: Revista minera, metalurgica y de ingenieria, vol. 55, p. 145. 

Brikettfabrik: Braunkohle, vol. 3, pp. 225, 349. 

Briquettfabrikation: Mittheilungen aus der Praxis des Dampfkesseln und Dampfmaschinen Betriebes,

vol. 26, pp. 583-586.

1905.

Constam, , Der Einflussder Festigkeit von Steinkohlenbriquettsauf ihre Verdampfungsfahigkeit:

Zeitschrift des Vereins deutscher Ingenieure, Berlin, vol. 48, p.p. 973-975. 

Fulton, John, Coke, a treatise on the manufacture of coke and other prepared fuels and the saving of

by-products, Scranton, Pa., pp. 406-462. 

Gercke, , Die Verwertung minderwertiger Brennstoffe insbesondere des Tories: Zeitschrift des

Vereins deutscher Ingenieure, May 27.

Gradenwits, Alfred, Washing and briquetting plant: Mines and Minerals, September. 

Looser, , Verwendung von Braunkohlenbriquetts fur Ringofenstreufeuer: Braunkohle Halle, vol.

3, pp. 33-36.

Mueller and Korte, The utilization of peat: Iron and coal, vol. 69, pp. 984-986. 

Randal, W. M., Briquette fuels: Power, March. , . 

Schorr, Robert, Briquette press: Eng. and Min. Jour., October 7. 

Walsh, G. E., Briquetting fuel: Mining Reporter, April 13. 

Manufacture of briquettes: Sci. Am. Suppl., July 1.

1906. 

Barber, C. M., Some notes on fuel briquetting in America: Journal Assn. Eng. Socs., January.

DATE NOT HERE ASSIGNED.

Colomir, Felix, and Lordier, Chas., Les combustibles mine'raux.

Constam, E. J., and Rougeot, R., Ueber die Bestimmung der Koksausbeute bei Steinkohlen und Steinkohlenbriketts: Zeitschrift fur angewandte Chemie, vol. 17, p. 23. 

Constam, E. J., and Rougeot, R., Ueber die Ermittlung des Gehalts an Bindmittel bei Steinkohlenbriketts: Zeitschrift fur angewandte Chemie, vol. 17, p. 26.

Fulton, J., The fuel-briquetting industry: Mines and Minerals, vol. 24, pp, 106,162, 237, 305,362, 404. 

Groves and Thorpe, Chemical technology, vol. 1, Fuels. 

Jurgensen, Dr., and Bauchleider, Report on the Heidenstam patents. 

Artificial fuel: Van Nostrand's Eng. Mag., vol. 9, p. 81. . 

Briquettes in Wales: U. S. Consular Reports, No. 222. 

Sci. Am. Suppl., articles in Nos. 360, 693, and 961.
DETAILED REPORT OF TESTS.

The following are the results of tests made on the various samples of coal received from 

May 1, 1905, to January 1, 1906, arranged alphabetically according to States and showing 

in succession under the head of each sample all tests made on that sample.

CALIFORNIA NO. 1.

r

Lignite from Tesla mine, San Francisco and San Joaquin Coal Company, Tesla, Alameda 

County, Cal.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine lignite, and was shipped under the supervision of 

E. W. Parker, statistician, United States Geological Survey. It was used in making 

producer-gas tests Nos. 32, 33, and 34.

Two mine samples (Nos. 1606 and 1607) were taken for chemical analysis at widely

separated points in the mine.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

ir-drying loss ..........................................................

JAsh....°........ .....................................................

MSulpbur. ............................................................

Ox vfrpn

iloriflc value determined: 

Calories. ............................................................

British thermal units. ..............................................

Mine samples.

1606 

4.60

17.59 

41.09 

23.29 

18.03 

2.89^

1607 

4.50

18.02 

39.22 

26.39 

16.37 

3.07

1

.49

4,503 

8,105

Car 

sample.

1680 

10.40

18.51 

35.33 

30.67 

15.49 

3.05 

5.93 

47.34 

.60 

27.53

4,726

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS.

Test 32, California No. 1. 

Duration of test, 42 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............................;..................................... 207.4

Average B. T.' U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 158.3

Total coal fired........................................................................pounds.. 23,850

Test 33, California No. 1.

A mixture composed of one-half Tesla lignite and one-half "front-end" cinders from 

locomotives at San Francisco, furnished by the Southern Pacific Company, was fed into 

the gas producer under normal conditions, and the test continued for several hours, but it 

was found impossible to keep up" a supply of gas that would operate the engine under 

ordinary load. The analyses of the lignite, cinders, and resulting gas are given below.

Test 34, California No. 1.

A mixture of two-thirds Tesla lignite and one-third "front-end" cinders, as in test 33, 

was used in this test.

Duration of test, 24 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................... 206.2

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 132.6

Total mixture fired....................................................................pounds.. 11,860

53
54 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COAL OR MIXTURE CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

.Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

.Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.91

2.74

2.48

2.33

3.06

. . 2. 88-

2.60

2.45

Test 32.

Dry 

coal.

2.4t

2.26

2.05

1.92

2.53

2.38

' 2.15

2. 02

Combustible.

 1:96

1.84

1.66

1.56

2. 06

1.94

1.75

- 1. 65

Coal as 

fired.

2,50

2.40

2.13

2.04

. _.

Test 34.

Dry ' 

coal.

2.17

' 2.08

1.85

1.77

Combustible.

1.79

1.71

1.52

1.46

ANALYSES.

Coal. 

Moisture. ......... .V. ..............................

Ash ..........................'.....:................

Test 32.

17.36 

38.41 

 28,76 

15.47

100.00 

2. 96

Test 33.

Lignite.

. 17. 41 

06. 06. 

30. 87. 

. . 15. 66

100.00 

3. 10

Gas &?/ volume* ... ;

Carbon monoxide (CO) ............. i ...................................

Methane (CH<) ...................................'.......................

Cinders..

3.50 

6. 36 . 

74.93 

.15,21 .

100.00 

.63

-Test 32.

10.0 

19.2 

11.4 

3.9 

55.4 

.1

100.0

Test 34.

Lignite.

17.41. 

36,06 

30,87, 

. . 15.66

100.00 

3.10

Test 33.

11.2 

17.4 

8.3 

2.7 

60.4

100.0

Cinders.

3.50 

6.36 

74,93 

15.21

100. 00 

.63

Test 34.

9.7

: is. i

.7.9 

3.0 

61.3

100. 0

ILLINOIS NO. 6.

Bituminous coal from Coffeen mine, Clover Leaf Coal Company, CofFeen, Montgomery 

County, 111., on the Toledo, St. Louis and Western Railroad.

One sample of this coal was shipped to the testing plant in 1904, and of this sample some 

coal remained after the plant shut down at the end of that year. This coal was used in 

making steaming test No. 106. .

An additional sample was shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves, consisting of run-of-mine coal, which was used in making washing test No. 101 and producer 

gas test No. 35. .......
TESTS ILLINOIS. 55

One mine sample was taken from this mine by the inspector for chemical analysis. This 

was cut from the face of the second right entry, 1,500 feet northwest of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES, a

Fixed carbon ...................................................................

j Ash ...........................................................................

Oxygen .........................................................................

loriflc value determined:

Mine 

sample.

1661 

6.60

12.90 

33.77 

42.25 

11.08 

3.78

6,031 

10,856

Car sample.

1702 

8.10

11. 93 

29.99 

43.90 

14.18 

4.29 

5.21 

56.94 

1.01 

18.37

5,724 

10,303

» For analyses of mine samples taken during the Exposition period see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 

L, 1905, p. 37.

STEAMING TEST. 

Test 106, Illinois No. 6, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 4.7 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 19.3 per cent; 

i inch to J inch, 21.5 per cent; under 1 inch, 54.5 per cent. Duration of test; 10 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 106.

Heating value of coal........................................... B.T. U. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft: ; Under stack damper ........................................................ .inch water..

Above fire .........................................................................do....

Furnace temperature ....................................................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour ............................ pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour .... .do....

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..............^...........................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired ........................... pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: o

Per pound of coal as fired ......................^..................................do....

Per pound of dry coal..........................:................................. .do....

Per pound of combustible .........................................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate ................................................ .per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour ................... .'. ............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour ....................................................do....

Dry coal:

Per.indicated horsepower hour ........................ '. ...........................do....

 Per electrical horsepower hour .................................................... do....

12,762

. .55

.25

2,213

25.94

3.39

95.3

4.69

5.56

6.56

7.45

49.04

5.09

6.28

4.31

5.32

o A better evaporation would have been obtained if boilers and gas-sampling apparatus had been iu 

better condition, as they were later.
56 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Volatile matter. ........................

Fixed carbon ...........................

ASH.....................................

Test 106.

15. 33

33.76

42.18

8.73

100.00

3.12

Ultimate.

Ash ....................................

Test 106.

70.44

4.63

9.66

1.28

3.68

10.31

100.00

a Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 3d, Illinois No. 6 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 60 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 206.7

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 152.0

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 23,400

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 35.

Per electrical horsepower:

Developed at switch board ............... J ..........................

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine. . ...............................................

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Developed at switch board ..........................................

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.00

1.89

1.70

1.61

2.14

2.02

1.82

1.72

Dry

coal.

1.77

1.67

1.50

1.42

1.89

1.79

1.61

1.52

Combustible.

1.45

1.37

1.23

1.16

1.55

1.46

1.31

1.25

ANALYSES.

Coal. 

Moisture. ...............................

Volatile matter. ........................

Fixed carbon ...........................

Ash.....................................

^

Test 35.

11.47

31.67

40.78

16.08

100.00

4.59

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH4) .........................

Test 35.

/. O

58.5

.1

100.0
TESTS ILLINOIS. 57

WASHING TEST. 

Test 101, Illinois No. 6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal............................................................................... pounds.. 14,710

Washed coal................................................^.............................do.... 13,586

Refuse..............................................................................do. 1,124

ANALYSES.

Ash..........:...............,.................................................

Test 101.

Raw coal;

14.43 

29.48 

42.81 

13.28 

4.01

Washed 

coal.

15.23

8.64 

3.30

ILLINOIS NO. 7.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 2, Lumaghi Coal Company, near Collinsville, Madison 

County, 111., on the Vandalia Railroad.

Four lots, of coal were shipped for testing from this mine. One consisted of slack which 

had been passed through a 1-inch mesh screen; this lot is designated as Illinois No. 7 A 

and was used in making producer test No. 26. Sample Illinois No. 7 B consisted of nut 

coal which had passed over a 1-inch mesh screen and was used in making producer-gas 

test No. 27. These two lots were shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. S. Burrows. 

Sample Illinois No. 7 C consisted of another car of slack, which was used in making washing 

test No. 104, stearaing test No. 122, steaming test on washed coal. No. 129, and producer-gas 

test No. 38. This car was not inspected, as it was slack coal. Sample Illinois No. 7 D 

consisted of run-of-mine coal and was shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. W. 

Groves. It was used in making washing test No. 108, coking tests Nos. 1 and 4, and 

steaming tests Nos. 142, 143, and 146.

Two mine samples were collected in this mine for chemical analysis. No. 1608 was 

taken at the face of room 17, north entry, and No. 1609 at the face of room 14, south 

entry.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

I Ash.......................................................

[Sulphu r . . .................................................

Hydrogen. ..................................... ...........

Nitrogen. . ..... ..:.........................................

Oy vfpn

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

01608 

5.90

12.27 

37.22 

39.16 

11.35 

4.66

« 1609 

5.90

. 11.87 

36. 57 

39.98 

11.58 

4.75

1.02

5,982 

'10,768

Car sample B

1611 

5.00

11.46 

34.98 

36.25 

17.31 

4.40 

5.05 

54.56 

.94 

17.74

5,570 

10,026

Car. sample D.

1780 

3.50

10. 8« 

36.24 

39.75 

13.18 

4.53 

5.35 

58.59 

.99 

17.37

6,009 

10,816

"Samples secured by J. S. Burrows.
58 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 122, Illinois No. 7 C.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, £ inch to 1 

inch, 12.8 per cent; J inch to J inch, 18.3 per cent; 

under J inch, 68.9 per cent. Duration of test, 10.07 

hours. Kind of grate, rocking.

Test 129, Illinois No. 7 C.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, $ inch to 1 

inch, 10.46 per cent; J inch to £ inch, 25.50 per cent; 

under J inch, 64.04 per cent. Washed. Duration 

of test, 8.35 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

Test 142, Illinois No. 7 D.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 33.5 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 23.3 per cent; 

i inch to J inch, 15.0 per cent; under J inch, 28.2

percent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 143, Illinois No. 7 D.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 32.1 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 22.0 per 

cent; J inch to $ inch, 15.6 per cent; under J inch 

30.3 per cent. Duration of test, 10.0 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 146, Illinois No. 7 D.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 24.3 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 23.3 per cent; 

Jinch to \ inch, 18.1 per cent; under J inch, 34.3 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.07 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal.. . ........ B. T. U. per pound dry coal. .

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper.. . ..................... .inch water. .

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour,

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heatWater apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired,

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. : 

Per pound of coal as fired. ..................... .pounds. .

Per pound of combustible. ... ; ................... . .do. . . .

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

Test 

122.

9,999

0.58

.30

20.08

2.19

61.4

4.71

5.44

6.08

8.97

58.71

5.20

6.42

4.65

5.74

Test 

129.

12,730

. 0.55

.24

19.92

3.19

89.6

5.75

6.70

8.02

9.17

60.84

4.22

5.21

3.53

4.36

Test 

142.

11,673

0.60

.16

20.07

2.97

83.3

5. 73

6.65

7.42

9.25

61.39

4.25

5.25

3.81

4.70

Test 

143.

11,212

0.58

.18

18.74

2.69

75.5

5.59

6.46

7.20

9.27

62.01

4.38

5.40

3.93

4.85

Test 

146.

11,088

0.61

.22

20.21

2.68

75.2

5.68

6.64

7.40

9.80

64.45

4.26

5.26

3.82

4.72

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash.................................................

Test 122.

10.54

31.18

32.98

25.30

100.00

4 1ft

Test 129.

16.45

34.43

40.18

8 04

100. 00 

3.22

Test 142.

10.38

34.33

39.08

16.21

100.00 

4.28

Test 143.

10.29

32.34

38.95

18.42

100.00 

4 66

Test 146.

10. 29

32.16

38.35

19.20

100. 00 

5.01
TESTS ILLINOIS. 

ANALYSES continued.

59

: Ultimate. 

Carbon « ......................................... .

Sulphur.. ...........................................

Ash.................................................

. - . '

Test 122.

54.93

3.88

7.31

.92

4.67

28.29

100.00

Test 129.

70.00

4 95

9.33

1.16

3.86

10.70

100.00

Test 142.

63.24

4.49

8.33

1.07

4.78

18.09

100.00

Test 143.

60.90

4.31

8.02

1.04

5.20

20.53

100.00

Test 146.

59.86

4.24

7 91

1.01

5.58

21.40

100.00

"Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 36, Illinois No. 7 A.

- Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, not determine.d. Duration of test, 11J hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.............. 138.6

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot....... 109.3

Total coal fired, pounds.................... 7,350

Test 37, Illinois No. 7 B.

Size as shipped, nut and pea. Size as used, not 

determined. Duration of test, 30 hours.

Average electrical horsepower............. 204.1

Average B. T. XI. gas, per cubic foot....... 138.6

Total coal fired, pounds................... 13,650

Test 38, Illinois No. 7C.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 33 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............. 174.8

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot...... 120.2

Total 'coal fired, pounds................... 15,750

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

 Equivalent used by producer plant. - 

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes ...........

Per brake horsepower: 

 Available for outside purposes ...........

T

Coal 

as 

fired.

4 Q8

4 69

4.24

3.98

5.25 

4.94

4.46,

Pest 26

Dry 

coal.

4. 35

4.09

3.69

 3.47

4.58 

4.30

.3. 89 . 

.3.. 66.

Combustible.

3.27

3.07

2.78

2.61

3.45 

3.24

.2.93 

2.76

r

Coal 

as 

fired.

9, 33

?, 23

1 98

1.89

2.52 

2.41

2.14 

2..05

Pest 27

Dry 

coal.

2.06

1.97

1.75

1.67

2.22 

2.12

1.89 

1.81

Combustible.

1.65

1:58

1.40

1.34

1.78 

1.70

1.51 

.1.45

>

Coal 

as 

fired.

2.93

2.73

2.49

2.32

3.12 

2.91

2.65 

2. 47 .

Dost 38

Dry 

coal.

2.63

2.45

2.24

9 no

2.80 

2.61

2.38 

2.22

Combustible.

2.08

1.94

1.77

1.65

2.21 

2.06

1.88 

1.75

ANALYSES.

. Coal.

Ash. ...... ...............

Test 26.

12.76 

32.35 

33.37 

21.52

100.00 

3.82

Test 27.

11.92 

 33. 95 

36.67 

. 17. 46

100.00 

4.15

Test 38.

10.08 

32. 71 

38.26 

18. 95 .

100.00 

4 15

Oas by volume. 

Carbon dioxide (C02).... 

Carbon monoxide (CO)..

Methane (CEL;) ..........

Test 26.

11.9 

10.7 

7.9 

3.8 

65.7

100.0

Test 27.

10.9 

12.6 

9.4 

4.9 

62.1 

.1

100.0

Test 38.

11.2 

14.5 

7.7 

3.2 

63.4

100.0
60 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TESTS.

Test 104, Illinois No. 7 C.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, crushed tq 2 

inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal........................ .pounds.. 15,809

. Washed coal........................do.... 11,238

.do.

Test 108, Illinois No.7 D.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal.........................pounds.. 14,000

Washed coal........... ; ...:....... .do.... 11,790

4,571 Refuse. 

ANALYSES.

.do.... 2,210

Ash. ..................................................

Test 104.

Raw coal.

10.69 

33. 08

36.14 

20.09 

4.06

Washed 

coal.

16.64

8.59 

3.25

Test 108.

Raw coal.

10.83 

36.24 

39.75 

13.18 

4.53

Washed 

coal.

12.' 45

9.30 

3.65

COKING TESTS.

Test 1, Illinois No. 7 ».

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 43 hours. 

Coal charged......................pounds.. 8,000

Coke produced....................... do.... 3,907

Breeze produced.....................do.... 452

Coke produced...................per eent.. 48.84

Breeze produced.................... .do.... 5.65

Total percentage yield............... 54.49

Remarks. Good, hard coke. Sulphur and ash 

too high. First charge after ovens put in commission. One-inch black butts on coke. More seasoned ovens would probably give better results.

Test 4, Illinois No. 7 D, washed.

Size as shipped, run -of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed., Duration of test, 65 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 10,000

Coke produc6d......................do.... 5,200

Breeze produced.. .^................ do.... 260

Coke produced..................per cent.. 52.00

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.60

Total percentage yield.............. 54.'60

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Good, 

strong coke. Ash reduced by washing. Sulphur 

reduction small.

ANALYSES.

Ash...................................................

Testl.

Coal.

10.88 

35.27 

38.44 

15.41 

4.53

Coke.

2.26 

1.86 

72.68 

23.20 

3.95

Test 4.

Coal.

12. 45 

36.17 

42.08 

9.30 

3.64

Coke.

1.04 

.61 

82.10 

16.25 

3.24

ILLINOIS NO. 8.

Bituminous coal from Paisley mine, Dering Coal Company, Paisley, Montgomery County, 

111., on the Big Four Railroad.

This sample consisted of nut coal. It was shipped before the corps of inspectors was organized, and consequently the loading of the car was not supervised by a representative of the 

plant. This sample was used in making steaming tests Nos. 101 and 102 and producer-gas 

test No. 29.

No mine samples have as yet been taken from this mine, but before the final report of the 

testing plant is prepared the mine will be examined and the samples obtained.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

61

iboratory number .................................. ...................................

Volatile matter ................................... . ....:................................

JAsh......................................................................................

Carbon. .............. . . ...................................................................

Nitrogen .......:..........................................................................

O yv{?p n

Jorific value determined:

Car 

sample.

1627

4.40

13.20

34.33

39.94

. ' 12.53

4.47

5.51

57.25

1.02

10 99

5,841

10,514

STEMMING TESTS.

Test 101, Illinois No. 8.

Size as shipped, nu-t. Size as used, over 1 inch, 58 

per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 21.9 per cent;J inch to 

J inch, 8.7 per cent; under J inch, 11.4 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

Test 102, Illinois No. 8.

Size as shipped, nut. Size as used, over 1 inch 

50.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 25.5 per cent; J inch 

to J inch, 10.6 percent; under i inch, 13.5 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

I'orce of draft:

per pound dry coal. .

................do....

..................°.F..

. .. ......... nounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds ..... ....................................................................

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.: a

Efficiency of boiler, including grate... . .......'............. 

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

................do....

................do....

................do....

.... ........ per cent.. 

................do....

................do....

................do....

................do....

Test 101.

12,047

0.63 

.31

28.82

3.21 

90.1 

4.56

5.39 

6.22 

7.75 

49.86

5.25 

6.48

4.55 

5.61

Test 102.

12,002

0.63 

.25

28.36

3.62 

101.5 

4.71

5.58 

6.39 

7.70 

51.41

5.07 

6.26

4.42 

5.46

o A better evaporation would have been obtained if boilers and gas-sampling apparatus bad been in 

better condition, as they were later. , . '
62 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES."

Proximate.

Volatile matter. .............

Fixed carbon .................

Ash...............!..........

Sulphur......................

Test 101.

13.31 

34.61 

39.39 

12.69

100.00 

5.16

Test 102.

12. 67 

34.23 

40.00 

13. 10

100.00 

4.68

UHimate.

Ash ..........................

Test 101.

65.13 

4.59 

8." 53 

1.16 

5.95 

14. 64

100.00

Test 102.

65.31 

4.61 

8.56 

1.16 

5.36 

. 15.00

100.00

o Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 29, Illinois No. 8.

Size as shipped, nut. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 42 hours. 

Average^lectrical horsepower................................................................... 208.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot......1...!......^.......................................... 147.0

Total coal fired....................................................................... .pounds.. 16,050

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower: ...........

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.93

1.84

1.64

1.56

2,08

1.98

1.77

1.68

Dry coal.

1.68

1.60

1.43

1.36

1.81

1.72

1.54

1 47

Combustible.

1.46

1.39

1.24

' 1.18

1.57

1.50

1.34

1.27

Test 29.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

A oh

Test 29.

12.91

33.83

41.67

11.59

100.00

4.64

Oas by volume. 

Carbon dioxide (CO2) ..................

Carbon monoxide (CO) ................

Methane (CH<) .........................

Test 29.

8.0

19.8

10.3

3.1

eo 7

0.1

100.0
TESTS ILLINOIS. 63

ILLINOIS NO. 9.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 2, Mount Olive and Staunton Coal Company, Staunton, 

Macoupin County, 111., on the Litchfield and Madison Railroad.

Two separate samples of coal were shipped from this mine under the supervision of 

Inspector J. S. Burrows. One sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and is called Illinois 

No. 9 A. The following tests were made on this sample: Washing test No. 102, steaming 

tests Nos. 103, 104, and 105, and steaming test on washed coal No. 113. The second sam- 

.ple, designated as Illinois No. 9 B, consisted of lump coal and was used in making steaming 

test No. 121 and producer-gas test No. 28.

Two samples for chemical analysis were taken in this mine from two widely separated 

points as follows: No. 1625 from the face of room 11 off the first entry north; No. 1626 

from the face of the main air course.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

. . = 

Ultimate. o Proximate. > tr1

Volatile matter. ..................:..........-..............

(Ash.............,..:......................................

O wfpn

lorific value determined: 

Mine samples.

1625 

7.70

13.29 

37.07 

40.74 

.8.90 

4.12

6,201 

11,162

1626 

7.70

15.27 

36.19 

39.34 

9.20 

3.70

Car sample A.

1635 

9.00

 13.54 

35. 69 

40. 03 

10.74 

4.03 

5.71 

58.69 

.95 

19.88

6,004 

10,807

Car sample B.

1639 

10.10

13.72 

36.24 

39.72 

10.32 

3.96 

5.74 

58.95 

.98 

20.05

6,039 

10,870

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 103, Illinois No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not 

determined. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 104, Illinois No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not 

determined. Duration of test, 9.9 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 105, Illinois No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 33.3 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 26.0 per 

cent; J inch to J inch, 15.8 per cent; under J inch,

24.9 per cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. 

Kind of grate, plain.

Test 113, Illinois No. 9 A, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 24.6 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 27.8 per cent; 

} inch to J inch, 20.4 per cent; under i inch, 27.2 

percent. Duration of test, 9.98 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 121, Illinois No. 9 B.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 inch 

35.7 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 29.1 per cent; t inch 

to J inch, 15.0 per cent; under } inch, 20.2 per cent. 

Duration of test, 9.93 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.
64 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coa.I. . B. T. U. per pound dry coal . 

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as 

fired. ................................... .pounds. .

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: o

Per pound of combustible .............. .do. ... 

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...... per cent.. 

Coal as fired: 

Per i ndicated horsepower hour ....... pounds . .

Dry coal:

Test 103.

12,506 

0.56

.27

2,218

26.53

3.61

101.1 

5.06

5.94

6.81

 7.87 

52.59

4.76 

5.88

4.15

5.13

Test 104.

12,483 

0.37

.19

2,155

23.22

3.01

84.4 

4.85

5.70

6.50

7.63 

50.28

4.96 

6.12

4.35

5.37

Test 105.

12, 555 

0.66

.25

2,220

30.26

4.08

114.3 

4.99

5.93

6.75

7.79 

51.92

4.77 

5.89

4.19

5.17

Test 113.

12,947 

0.50

.20

25.60

3.05

85.6 

4.84

5.68

6.66

7.50 

49.67

4.98 

6.15

4.25

5.24

Test 121.

12,438 

0.59

.19

26.60

3.57

100.0 

5.72

6.69

7.49

8.83 

58.15

4.23 

5.22

3.77

4.66

a A better evaporation would have been obtained if boilers and gas-sampling apparatus had been 

In better condition, as they were later.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Fixed carbon. ......................................

Ash................................................

Ultimate. 

Carbon o. ...........................................

Ash................................................

Test 103.

12.76'

36.12

40.78

10.34

100.00 

3.94

68.45

4.92

9.16

1.10

4.52

11.85

100.00

Test 104.

'12.21

36.38

40.27

11. 14

100.00 

3.89

67.83

4.88

9.08

1.09

4.43

12.69

100.00

Test 105.

12.10

36.23

41.05

10. 62

100.00 

4.08

68.17

4.89

9.13

1.10

4.64

12.07

100.00

Test 113.

14.66

36.71

41 19

7.44

100.00, 

3.34

71.54

5.13

9.55

1.15

3.91

8.72

100.00

Test 121.

10. 70

35.84

41.82

, 11.64

100.00 

4.11

67.42

4.83

8.99

1.12

4.60

13.04

100.00

a Figured from car sample.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 65

/ PRODTTCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 28, Illinois No. 9 B.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 60 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 208.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 143.7

Total coal fired.................................................. 1..................... pounds.. 23,700

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 28.

Per electrical horsepower:

Available for outside purposes ......................................

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.99

1.90

1.70

1.61

2.11

2.01

1.79

1.71

Dry coal.

1.76

1.67

1.49

1.42

1.8G

1.77

1.58

1.50

Combustible.

1.53

1.45

1.30

1.23

 1.62

1.54

1.37

1.31

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Test 28.

11.99

35.90

40.63

11.48

100.00

4.92

Gas by volume.

Test 28.

8.9

16.0

9 4

5.1

CO '5

0.1

100.0

Bull. 290 06 5
66 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 102, Illinois No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed .to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal.............................................................................. .pounds.. 18,000

Washed coal............................................................................. -do.... 13,920

Kefuse ..............................................................................do.... 4,080

ANALYSES.

Ash ............................................................................

Test 102.

Raw coal.

13.54 

35.69 

40.03 

10.74 

4.03

Washed, 

coal.

15.65

7.57 

3.38

ILLINOIS NO. 10.

Bituminous coal from West Frankfort mine, Dering Coal Company, West Frankfort, 

Franklin County, 111., on the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad.

This sample consisted of one car of slack coal. It was shipped without inspection, as the 

corps of inspectors was not organized at the time the coal was asked for. The following 

tests were made on this sample: Washing test No. 103, steaming tests Nos. 107, 108, 109, 

and 110, steaming test on washed coal No. 114, and producer-gas test No. 31.

No mine samples have as yet been obtained from this mine.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Moisture. . ....................................

lAsh.......... ...........................................................................

Hydrogen. ................................................................................

loriflc value determined:

Car 

sample.

1648

0.90

9.50

31.98

47.08

11.44

1.45

5.31

63.83

1.36

16.61

6,392

11,506
TESTS ILLINOIS. 67

STEAMING TESTS.-

Test 107, Illinois No. 1O.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

2.9 per cent; Jinch to 1 inch, 23.1 per cent; Jinch to 

$ inch, 20.4 per cent; under J.inch, 47.6 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10.17 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

Test 108, Illinois No. 10.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

7.6 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 19.2 per cent; J inch 

to i inch, 21.1 per cent; under J inch, 52.1 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

Test 109, Illinois No.'10".

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

22.8 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 30.1 per cent; J inch

to J inch, 17.3 per cent; under J inch, 29.8 per cent. 

Duration of test, 9.98 hours. Kind of grate, rocking.

Test 110, Illinois No. 10.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

19.2 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 32.6 per cent; i inch 

to J inch, 18.4 per cen t; under J inch, 29.8 per cen t. 

Duration of tot, 9.95 htours. Kind of grate, rocking.

Test 114, Illinois No. 10, washed.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

12.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 27.5 per cent; iinch 

to Vinch, 23.4 percent; under \ inch, 36.3 percent. 

Duration of test, 10.05 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal.B. T. U. per pound dry coal. .

Force of draft:

Above fire ............................... do .

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per 

hour. ................................... pounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as 

fired ................................... .pounds. .

Water evaporated from and at 212° 1«\: a. 

Per pound of coal as fired............... do....

Per pound of dry coal .................. .do. ... 

Per pound of combusti ble ............... do ..

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. .... .per cent. .

Coal as fired:

Per electrical horsepower hour. ........ .do.

Dry coal:

Per electrical horsepower hour. ........ .do. . . .

Test 107.

12, 429

0.59

.32

2,229

21.00

3.20

89.9

5.73

6.70

7.65 

9. J7

59. 44

4.18

5.16

3.70

4.50

Test 108.

12,685

0.42

.21

22.24

3.13

87.6

5.41

6.39

7.04 

8.28

53.60

4.43

5.46

4.02

4.96

Test 109.

12,373

0.51

.29

21.46

2.96

83.0

5.83

6.90

7.70 

9.52

60.10

4.10

5.06

3.67

4.53

Test 110.

12, 929

0.45

.26

20.66

2.48

69.6

5.16

6.08

6.71 

8.05

50.12

4.65

5.74

4.21

5.20

Test 114.

13,545

0.51

.21

24.23

3.52

98.7

6.07

7.16

8.11 

8.94

57.82

3.95

4.88

3.49

4.30

"A better evaporation would have been obtained if boilers and gas-sampling apparatus had been in 

better condition, as they were later.

ANALYSES.

-

Proximate. 

Moisture. ............ ..... .....

Fixed carbon .......... ..... .....

Ash..............................................

Sulphur. .........................................

Test 107.

- SO 59

44.93

12.86

100.00 

1.45

Test 108.

9 29

31.24

47.84

11.63

100.00 

L44

Test 109.

30.01

46: 27

]3.40

100.00

Test 110.

9.29

32.54

48.11

10.06

100.00 

1.40

Test 114.

11.67

oo 07

49.87

i» An

100.00

1 99
68 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES continued.

Ultimate.

Sulphur. ...........................................

Ash................................................

Test 107.

' 68. 93

4.59

8.86

1.43

1.64

1/1 15

100.00

Test 1Q8.

70.38

4.69

9.00

1.46

.1.59

- 12. 82

100.00

Test 109.

68.61

4.57

8.83

1 42

1.63

14.94

100.00

Test 110.

7.1.87

4.78

9.23

1.49

1.54

11.09

100.00

Test 114.

75.42

5.03

9.67

1.61

1.38

6.89

100. 00

"Figured from car sample.

PBODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 31, Illinois No. 10.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 207.5

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 140.7

Total coal fired.. .................^.................................................... .pounds.. 15,600

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

K

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.60

1 V>

1 36

1.28

1.59.

1.35

Dry coal.

1.46

1 QQ

1.24

1.17

1.45

1.31

1 91?

Combustible.

1.29

1 22

1.03

1.36

1.28

1.16

1 09

Test 31.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 31.

8.57

32.31

48.45

10. 67

100.00

1.35

Gas by volume.

Methane (C!:i<) ........................

Test 31.

9.0

IS. 5

11.5

3.1

CT Q

100.00
TESTS ILLINOIS. 69

WASHING TEST. 

Test 103, Illinois No. 10.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 14,710

Washed coal..............................................................................do.... 12,795

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 1,915

ANALYSES.

Volatile matter. ...............................................................

Ash ............................................................................

Sulphur. .......................................................................

Test 103.

Raw coal.

9.50 

31.98

47.08 

11.44 

1. 45

Washed 

coal.

11.80

6. 07 

1.38

ILLINOIS NO. 11.

Bituminous coal from Daw's shaft, St. Louis and Big Muddy Coal Company, near Carterville, Williamson County, 111., on the Illinois Central Railroad.

Four samples of coal were shipped as follows: Illinois No. 11 A, one-half screenings and 

one-half egg coal; Illinois No. 11 B, one-half run-of-mine and one-half lump coal; Illinois No. 

11 C, one-half No. 4 washed coal and one-half .No. 5 washed coal; Illinois No. 11 D, No. 3 

washed coal. These samples were shipped under the supervision of J. S. Burrows, and 

were used in making the following tests: Illinois No. 11 A, steaming tests Nos. 137, 138, 

139, and 141, and producer-gas test No. 30; Illinois No. 11 B, steaming tests Nos. Ill, 112, 

115, 116, 117, 118, and 119; Illinois No. 11 C, steaming test No. 120, and producer-gas 

test No. 36; Illinois No. 11 D, coking test No. 5, and producer-gas tests Nos. 42 and 48.

Two mine samples were taken in this mine, but one of them was lost in transit. The 

one received at the laboratory (No. 1634) was cut from the face of the north entry off the 

straight west heading.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Ultimate. Proximate. o >| jr

J Ash .......................................................

[Sulphur . . .................................................

loriflc value determined:

Mine 

sample.

1634 

4.90

8.30 

33.75 

48.69 

9.26 

2.82 .

6,666 

11,999

Car sample A.

1654 

4.80

7.76 

31. 44 

50.19 

10.61 

1.97 

5.14 

66.55 

1.32 

14.41

6,643 

11,957

Car sample B.

1660 

5.80

8.86 

31.25 

48.23 

11.66 

2.46 

5.24 

64.29 

1.29 

15.06

6,501

Car sample C.

1718 

6.40

8.61 

32.40 

51.33 

7.66 

1.65 

5.38 

68.14 

1.34 

15.83

6,798 

12,236
70 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

STEAMIKG TESTS.

Test 137, Illinois No. 11 A.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 21.2 per cent; iinch to 1 inch, 23.C per cent; 

J inch to | inch, 18.2 per cent; under J inch, 37.0 

percent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 138, Illinois No. 11 A.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 17.4 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 21.9 per cent; 

J inch to i inch, 15.G per cent; under \ inch, 45.1 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 139, Illinois No. 11 A.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 17.3 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 19.1 per cent; 

i inch to J inch, 15.8 per cent; under \ inch, 47.8 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.93 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 141, Illinois No. 11 A.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 20.4 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 25.3 per cent; 

i inch to £ inch, 18.5 per cent; under \ inch, 35.8 

per cent. Duration of test, 7.08 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 111, Illinois No. 11 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 39.4 per cent; $inch to 1 inch, 25.2 per cent; 

1 inch to \ inch, 14.5 per cent; under J inch, 20.9 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.08 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 112, Illinois No. 11 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 28.9 per cent; Jinch to 1 inch, 21.3 percent; 

J inch to i inch, 17.8 per cent; under J inch, 32.0 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.07 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 115, Illinois No. 11 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 24.6 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 24.0 per cent; 

\ inch to \ inch, 18.2 per cent; under \ inch, 33.2 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.87 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 116, Illinois No. 11 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as rsed, over 

1 inch, 40.1 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 21.C per cent; 

1 inch to \ inch, 15.2 per cent; under \ inch, 23.1 

per cent. Duration of test, 6.05 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 117, Illinois No. 11 B.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 33.6 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 24.8 per cent; J 

inch to \ inch, 16.3 per cent; under \ inch, 25.3 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.1 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 118, Illinois No. 11 B.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 20.4 per cent; Jinch to 1 inch, 18.2 per cent; J 

inch to J inch, 17.4 per cent; under \ inch, 44.0 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.9 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

Test 119, Illinois No. 11 B.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 27.6 per cent; § inch to 1 inch, 24.5 per cent; 

J inch to i inch, 18.3 per cent; under \ inch, 29.6 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.07 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 120, Illinois No. 11 C, washed.

Size as shipped, No. 4 washed. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 0 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 16.4 per 

cent; J inch to \ inch, 45.8 per cent; under J inch, 

37.8 per cent. Washed at mine. Duration of 

test, 9.95 hours. Kind of grate, rocking.
TESTS ILLINOIS.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

71

Heating value of coal, B. T. U. perForce of draft: 

Under stack damper. . . .inch water. .

Dry coal used per 'square foot of grate

Equivalent water evaporated per square 

foot of water-heating surface per

Percentage of rated horsepower .of

Water apparently evaporated per pound 

of coal as fired................ pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired. . .pounds. .

Efficiency of boiler, including grate, per

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. .Ibs. . 

Per electrical horsepower hour. ..do.. 

Dry coal: 

Per indicated horsepowerhour. . .do. .

Heating value of coal, B. T. U. per

Force of draft: 

Under staclc damper. . . .inch water. .

Dry coal used per square foot of grate

Equivalent water evaporated per square 

foot of water-heating surface per

Percentage of rated horsepower of

Water apparently evaporated per pound

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired... pounds..

Efficiency of boiler, including grate, per

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour . .Ibs. . 

Per electrical horsepower hour. . .do. . 

Dry coal:

Test 137.

12,348

0.00 

.10

20.98

3.17

88.8

 6. 65

7.76 

8.42

10.19

* 64. 51

3.C4 

4.50

3.36 

4.14

Test 115.

12,321

0.61 

.26

22.89

3.42

96.0

5.82

06.83 

7.49

9.20

58.71

4.14 

5.11

3.78

4.66

Test 138.

.12,159

O.CO 

.18

2376

19.94

2.97

83.4

6. 59

7.68 

8.32

10.13

66.'08

3.68 

4.55

3.40 

4.20

Test 116.

12,933

0.49 

.22

24.19

101.3

5.86

a6.94 

7.48

. 8.79

55.85

4.07 

5.03

3.78

4.67

Test 139.

12,254

0.62 

.18

2435

 19.70

3.06

QC Q

 6.86

8.02 

8.67

. 10.42

68.33

3.53' 

4.35

3.26 

4.03

Test 117.

12,537

0.50 

.20

23.80

3.42

95.8

o6.71 

7 19

8.51

55.38

4.21 

5.20

3.93

4.85

Test 141.

12,505

0.60 

.15

18.81

3.11

87.3

.,6.58

7.66 

8.29

9.70

64.02

3.69 

4.56

3.41 

4.21

Test 118.

12,801

0.39 

.16

23.16

3.32

93.1

5.76

o6.74 

7 19

8.46

54.26

4.19 

5.18

3.94

4.85

Test 111.

12,643

0.55 

.28

24. 35

2.93

82.0

5.23

«6. 15 

C.70

8.21

51.18

4.60 

5.68

4.22 

5.21

Testll9.

13,079

0.57 

.25

25.70

3.75

105.0

5.81

o6.84 

7.31

8.46

53. 97

4.13 

5.10

3.87

4.78

Test 112.

12,775

0.48

.27

22.36

2.90

81 9

5.59

o6.59 

7.23

8.99

54.65

4.29 

 5.30

3.91 

4.83

Test 120.

13,370

0.58 

.23

25.41

99.5

6.03

o7.08 

7.79

8.74

56.27

3.99 

4.93

3.63

4.48

o A better evaporation would have been-obtained if boilers and gas-sampling apparatus had been in 

better condition, as they were later.
72 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLAJNT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash......................................

Ultimate.

Ash. .....................................

Proximate.

Ultimate.

Oxygen a. ................................

Sulphur. .................................

Ash......................................

Test 137.

7.84

28.08

51.54

12.54

100.00 

2.35

70.06

4.50

7.89

1.39

2.55

13.61

100. 00

Test 115.

8.85

28.12

48.08

14.95

100.00 

2.24

67.72

4.49

7.57

1.36

2.46

16.40

100. 00

Test 138.

7.66

29.76

48.65

13.93

100.00 

2.16

69.00

4.43

7.76

1.38

2.34

15.09

100.00

Test 116.

7.29

31.34

50.07

11.30

100.00 

2.50

71.07

4.70

7.92

1.42

o 7(1

12.19

' 100. 00

Test 139.

7.54

30.09

49.31

13.06

100. 00 

2.57

69.44

4.46

7.83

1.37

2.78

14.12

100.00

Test 117.

6.69

32.95

47.59

12.77

100.00 

3.47

69.56

4.52

7.08

1.44

3 79 .

13.68

100.00

Test 141.

7.05

30.06

50. 50

11.79

100.00 

2.09

70.99

4.56

8.01

1.41

2.26

12.77

100.00

Test 118.

6.16

33.21

48.91

11.72

100.00 

3.14

70.90

4 60

7.20

1.46

1 3^

12.49

100.00

Test 111.

8.17

31. 53

48.21

12.09

100. 00 

2.82

70.54

4.57

7.20

1.46

3.07

13.16

100. 00

Test 119.

6.43

32.23

50.58

10.76

100.00 

2.22

71.96

4.77

7.95

1.44

2

O7

11.51

ioo. oo

Test 112.

8.93

30.73

48.21

12.13

100.00 

2.33

70.22

4.65

7.84

1.41

2.56

13. 32

100.00

Test 120.

9.14

31.03

52.33

7.50

100.00 

1.64

 74. 65

A RZ

8.98

1.47

1 Qfi

8.25

100.00

« Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TESTS.

Test 30, Illinois No. 11 A.

Size as shipped, egg. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 53 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............. 210.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot........ 173.4

Total coal fired .................. pounds.. 15,450

Test 36, Illinois No. 11 C.

Size as shipped, No. 5 washed. Size as used, not 

determined. Duration of test, 54 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............. 173.9

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot....... 109.8

Total coal fired..................pounds.. 13,650

Test 42, Illinois No. 11 D.

Size as shipped, No. 3 washed. Size as used, 

not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............. 201.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot...... 146.1

Total coal fired..................pounds.. 12,600

Test 48, Illinois No. 11 D.

Size as shipped, No. 3 washed. Size as used, 

not determined. Duration of test; 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............. 202.5

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot...... 154.9

Total coal fired..................pounds.. 12,450
TESTS ILLINOIS. 73

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Available for outside 

purposes. ...........

Developed at switch 

board. ..............

Per brake horsepower:

Available for outside

Developed at engine . .

Equivalent.used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Available for outside 

purposes............

Developed at switch

Per brake horsepower:

Available for outside

Developed at engine. .

 1

Coal 

as 

fired.

1.49

1.39

1.20

1.18

1.5G

 1.24

'est 30

Dry 

coal.

1.38

1.29

1.18

1.10

1 45

1.36

1.23

1.15

Combustible.

1.22

1.14

1.04

.97

1.28

1 19

1 09

1.02

'1

Coal 

as 

fired.

3.50

3.27

2.98

2.78

3 fifi

2.91

Njst 36

Dry 

coal.

3.06

2.85

2.60

2.43

3 19

2 98

2.54

Combustible.

2.65

2.47

2.25

2.10

?, 11

2

CQ

2.20

1

Coal 

as 

fired.

1.34

1. 25

1.14

1.07

1 47

1.38

1.25

1.17

rest 42

Dry 

coal.

1.22

1.15

1.04

.97

1 34

1.26

1.14

1.07

Combustible.

1.12

1. 05

.96

.90

1 24

1.05

.98

1

Coal 

as 

fired.

1.31

1.23

1.11

1.05

1 4f>

1.37

1.24

1.16

Dest 48

Dry 

coal.

1.20

1.13

1.02

.96

1 34

1.26

1.14

1.07

Combustible.

1.11

1.04

.94

.89 \

1.24

1.16

1.05

.99

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash...........................................................

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH«) ................................................

Test 30.

7.08

32.62

49.44

10.86

100.00 

2.09

6.3

19.7

9.7

6.2

58.1

100.0

Test 36.

12.78

28.03

47.63

11,56

100.00 

1.65

12.2

12.0

9.5

3.5

62.1

.1

100.0

Test 42.

8.67

30.69

53.36

7.28

100.00 

1.53

10.2

18.3

13.2

2.6

55.7

100.0

Test 48.

7.99

32.08

52. 76

7.17

100. 00 

1.50

7.4

' 22.9

13.4

2.4

53.9

100.0
74 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COKING TEST. 

Test 5, Illinois No. 11 D.

Size as shipped, No. 3 washed. Size as used, finely crushed. Duration of .test, 48 hours. 

Coal charged...........................................................................pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced............................................................................do.... 5,400

Breeze produced..........................................................................do.... 300

Coke produced........................................................................per cent.. 54.00

Breeze produced..........................................................................do.... 3.00

Total percentage yield..................................................................... 57.00

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Good, strong coke.. Might be improved by washing, 

reducing ash. 

ANALYSES.

Test 5.

Ash............................................................................

Coal.

8.24

31.64

52.81

7.31

1.55

Coke.

1.19

.93

85.97

11.91

1.44

ILLINOIS NO. 12.

Bituminous coal from Bush No. 1 mine, Western Coal and Mining Company, Bush, 

Williamson County, 111., on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was shipped under the supervision of 

Inspector J. W. Groves. The following tests were made: Washing test No. 106, steaming 

tests Nos. 127, 128, 131, 133, 136, and steaming test on washed coal No. 135.

Two mine samples were taken from the following places in the mine: No. 1683 from 

room 10 off the first entry east, on the east side, 1,000 feet northeast of the shaft; No. 

1688 from the first north entry, 1,000 feet northwest of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

fAsh........ .........................................................

TTvd roppn

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1683 

5.20

8.29 

31.19 

49.69 

10.83 

2.81

6,576

11,837

1688 

5.60

8.41 

 34.27 

45.44 

11.88 

3.63

Car 

sample.

1762 

3.60

8.20 

32.26 

46.59 

12.95 

3.48 

5.09 

62.52 

1.10 

14.86

6,312 

11,362
TESTS ILLINOIS.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 127, Illinois No. 12.

Size as snipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 30.8 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 20.5 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 17.1 per cent; under J inch, 25.C per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 188, Illinois No". 12.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 40.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 21.2 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 12.3 per cent; under J inch, 20.1 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.05 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 131, Illinois No. 12.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 23.8 per cent; ^ inch to 1 inch, 18.1 psr cent; 

i inch to i inch, 10.0 per cent; under i inch, 41.5 

per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 133, Illinois No. 12.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 20.4 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 24.3 per cent; 

\ inch to A inch, 17.9 per cent; under \ inch 31.4 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 135, Illinois No. 12, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 22.5 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 28.0 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 24.1 per cent; under J inch, 24.8 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 136, Illinois No. 12.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 15.3 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 22.9 per cent; 

J inch to \ inch, 20.8 per cent; under } inch, 41 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.08 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal, B. T. U. per pound

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper. . . .inch water. .

Dry coal used per square foot of grate

Equivalent water evaporated per square 

foot of water-heating surface per hour,

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler

Water apparently evaporated per pound 

of coal, as fired............... pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212 ° F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired . .pounds. .

Efficiency of boiler, including grate, per

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour,

Per electrical horsepower hour,

Dry coal: 

Per indicated horsepower hour,

Per electrical horsepower hour,

Test 127.

11,903

0.59 

 .19

21. 49

3.35

94.00

0.17

7.15 

7.81

9.00

03.04

3.90

4.88

3.50

4.50

Test 128.

12, 154

0.46 

.19

21.45

3.51

98.3

' 6.45

7.54 

8.19

9.84

05.07

3.75

4.63

3.45

4.20

Test 131.

11, 709

0.57 

.19

20.87

2.91

81.5

. 0.06

7.04

7.77

10.19

64.08

4.02

4.96

3.64

4.49

Test 133.

11,849

0.65 

.22

22.91

3.15

88.20

5.99

7.00 

7.67

9.73

02. 51

4.04

4.99

3.69

4.55

Test 135.

0.63 

.18

. . .23. 09

3.02

101.3

6.69

7.86 

8.75

9 99

64.48

3.60

4.44

3.23

3.99

Test 136.

11,867

0.67 

.21

20.77

2.91

81.5

6.00

7.00 

7.81

9 88

63.50

4.04

4.99

3.02

4.47
76 OPEEATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

4

Proximate.

Ash......................................

Ultimate^

Ash. .....................................

Test 127.

8.49

31.04

45.25

15.22

100. 00 

3.79

05.71

4.39

7.97

1.16

4.14

16.63

100.00

Test 128.

7.93

31.85

46.18

14.04

100.00 

3.92

66.76

4.45

8.11

1.17

4.26

15.25

100.00

Test 131.

9.54

29.52

43.97

16.97

100.00 

4.18

63.55

4.24

7.71

1.12

4.62

18.76

100.00

Test 133.

8.79

30.70

44.90

15.61

100.00 

4.14

65.00-

4.33

7.87

1.14

4.54

17.12

100.00

Test 135

10. 19

33.30

47.27

9.24

100. 00 

2.58

72.02

4.82

8.73

1.27

2.87

10.29

100.00

Test 136.

10.39

29.39

44.64

15.58

100.00 

3.56

65.23

4.36

7.91

1.15

3.97

17.38

100.00

o Figured from car sample. 

WASHING* TEST.

Test 106, Illinois No. 13.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 18,000

Washed coal. .............................................................................. .do.... 15,900

Refuse.............................................................................. do.

ANALYSES.

2,100

Ash.................................................................... .......

Sulphur ........................................................................

.Test 106.

Raw coal.

8.20 

32.26 

46.59 

12.95 

3.48

Washed 

coal.

13.30

8.91 

2. 48

ILLINOIS NO. 13.

Bituminous coal from Benton mine, Benton Coal Company, Benton, Franklin County, 

111., on the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad.

This sample was shipped as egg coal, which at this mine passes through a 6-inch screen 

and over a IJ-inch screen. It was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves, 

and used in making the following tests: Washing test No. 107, coking tests Nos. 2 and 3, 

steaming tests Nos. 132, 134, and 144, and steaming test on washed coal No. 145; also 

producer-gas test No. 41.

A sarnple for chemical analysis was taken on each side of the mine. No. 1695 was cut 

from the main entry, 80 feet south from the shaft, and No. 1694 was cut in.the main entry, 

100 feet north of the shaft.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

77

Fixed carbon. ........................................................

| \sh. ................ ................................................

Oxygen. ..............................................................

ilorific value determined :

Mine samples.

1695 

5.30

10.28 

32.04 

49.74 

7.94 

1.00

109-1 

5.20

9.46 

33.55 

48.87 

8.12 

1.63

**

6,661 

11,990

Car sample.

1786 

4.60

8.31 

31.05 

49.56 

10.48 

1.55 

5.18 

65.83 

1.48 

15. 48

6,515 

11,727

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 133, Illinois No. 13.

Size as shipped, 1$ inch to 6 inch, egg. Size as 

used, over 1 inch, 31.0 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 

22.0 per cent; J inch to J inch, 15.0 per cent; under 

J inch, 31.4 per cent. Duration of test, 9.98 hours. 

Kind of grate, rocking.

Test 134, Illinois No. 13.

Size as shipped, 1J inch to 6 inch, egg. Size as 

used, over 1 inch, 23.8 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 

23.S per cent; 1 inch to J inch, 20.8 per cent; under 

1 inch, 31.6 per cent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. 

Kind of grate, rocking.

Test 144, Illinois No. 13, washed.

Size as shipped, 14 inch to 6 inch, egg. Size as 

used, over 1 inch, 30.0 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 

27.2 per cent; J inch to i inch, 19.0 per cent; under 

i inch, 23.8 per cent. Duration of test, 8.95 hours. 

Kind of grate, plain.

Test 145, Illinois No. 13, washed.

Size as shipped, 1J inch to 6 inch, egg. Size as 

used, over 1 inch, 25.2 per cent; i inchjto 1 inch, 

18.7 per cent; J inch to i inch, 20.1 per cent; under 

J inch, 36.0 per cent. Duration of test, 7.63 hours. 

Kind of grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper. ...........

Dry coal used per square foot of

Equivalent water evaporated per sq 

ing surface per hour .............

Percentage of rated horsepower of lj 

AVater apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212°

Per pound of coal as fired ..........

.Efficiency of boiler, including grate.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour. 

Per electrical horsepower hour 

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour. 

Per electrical horsepower hour

. U. per pound dry coal. .

............ . .inch water. . 

....................do....

..................... °F..

grate surface per hour,

uare foot of water-heat- 

. ................pounds..

pound of coal as fired,

F.:

................pounds.. 

...................do....

...................do....

.... ........... percent..

..'.. ............pounds.. 

....................do....

...................do.... 

....................do....

Test 132.

12, 528

0.48 

.13

22.06

3.37 

94.5

6. 57

7.67 

8.52 

10.10 

65.67

3.69 

4.55

3.32 

4.10

Test 134.

12, 667

0.65 

.18

22. 55

3.39 

95.0

6.48

7.58 

8.39 

9.83 

63.96

3.73 

4.61

3.37 

4.16

Test 144.

13,261

0.45 

.10

20.42

3.70 

103.8

7.05

8.20 

9.08 

10.09 

60.12

3.45 

4.26

3.12 

3.84

Test 145.

13, 300

0.46 

.13

20. 14

3.38 

94.7

 7.16

8.37 

9.36 

10.30 

67. 93

3.38 

4.1.7

3.02 

3.73
78 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash............ ..............................................

Sulphur. ......................................................

Ultimate.

A.sh. ........................ ..................................

Test 132.

9.95

30.22

47.73

12.10

100.00 

1.32

70.32

4.55

8.C4

1.58

1.47

13.44

100.00

Test 134.

9. 04

30.50

48.81

11.05

100.00 

1.59

71.07

4.60

8.75

1.59

1.76

12.23

100.00

Test 144.

9.67

32.59

50.18

7.56

100.00 

1.30

74. 52

4.83

' 9.17

1.67

1.44

8.37

100.00

Test 145.

10.60

71 78

50.84

7.18

100. 00 

1.34

74.77

4.84

9.18

1.68

1.50

8.03

100.00

a Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 41, Illinois No. 13.

Size as shipped, 1J inch to 6 inch, egg. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 208.7

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 156.8

Total coal fired........................................................................ pounds.. 16,950

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.72

1.46

1.38

1.84

1.74

1.56

1.48

Dry 

coal.

1.57

1.48

1.33

1.26

1.68

1.59

1.42

1.35

Combustible.

1 39

1.18

1 12

1.49

1 41

1.20

1.20

Test 41.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test4t.

8.72

31.07

49.94

10.27

100.00

1.66

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) ........................

Test 41.

8.1

21.0

11.6

3.1

eft o

100.0
TESTS ILLINOIS. 79

WASHING TEST. 

Test 107, Illinois No. 13.

Size as shipped, 1J inch to 0 inch, egg. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal..............................................................................pounds.'. 29,950

Washed coal................................... t..........................................do.... 27,550

Refuse..............................................................................do.

ANALYSES.

2,400

-

Ash .................... :.......................................................

Test 107.

Raw coal.

 8.31 

31.05 

49.50 

 10. 48 

1.55

Washed 

coal.

11.15

7.49 

1.27

COKING TESTS.

Test 8, Illinois No. 13, washed.

Size as shipped, IJ-inch to.0-inch egg. Size as 

used, finely crushed. Duration of test, 05 hours. \ 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 10,000 j

Coke produced......................do.... 4,600

Breeze produced....................do.... 718

Coke produced.................per cent.. 4(i.OO

Breeze produced....................do.... 7.18

Total percentage yield.............. 53.18

Remarks. Good hard coke. Washing improves product both in ash and sulphur.

Test 3, Illinois No. 13.

Size as shipped, 1^-inch to C-ineh egg. Size as 

used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 05 

hours. 

Coal charged..................... pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced.....................do.... 5,358

Breeze produced....................do.... 1,327

Coke produced..................per cent.. 44.05

Breeze produced...................do.... 11.00

Total percentage yield.............. 55.71

Remarks. Coke has dull appearance. Softer 

than coke from 'washed coal. Seasoned ovens 

would probably give better results.

ANALYSES.

Moisture. .....................................................

Ash...........................................................

Test 2.

Coal.

11.44 

30.95 

50.10 

7.45 

1.25

Coke.

4.00 

1.08 

82.08. 

11.04 

1.27

Test 3.

Coal.

10.50 

30.08 

49.08 

10.28 

1.71

Coke.

2.73 

1.30 

79.30 

10.01 

J.77

ILL/MSrOIS NO. 14.«

Bituminous coal from No. 2 mine, Capital Coal Company, east side of Springfield, Sangamon County, 111., on the Illinois Central .Railroad.

, This sample was shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves and consisted 

of lump coal. In making lump coal at this mine it is passed over a 1^-inch bar screen. 

The following tests were made on this coal: Washing test No. 105, steaming tests Nos. 

123 and 125, and steaming test on washed coal No. 130; also producer-gas test .No. 37.

Two mine samples were cut from widely separated points in the mine. No. 1704 was 

taken from the face of room 30 off the twenty-first south entry, 1 mile southeast of the 

shaft; No. 1705 was taken in the sixteenth entry off the-fourth "stub" entry, 4,000 feet 

northeast of the shaft.
80 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

j Ash. ..................................:.............................

loriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

1704 

10.80

13.89 

33. 90 

40.89 

11. 20 

3.83

5,' 909 

10, 636

1705 

11.20

14.45 

34.79 

40.10 

10.66 

3.46

Car 

sample.

1740 

8.00

12. 77 

34.68 

40.77 

11.78 

4.16 

5.49 

58.74 

1.09 

18.74

5. 976 

10, 757

oThis sample was furnished by the Illinois Central Railroad.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 123, Illinois No. 14.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 23.3 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 27.9 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 19.0 per cent; under J inch, 29.2 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.95 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 135, Illinois No. 14.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 30.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 25.2 per cent;

J inch to \ inch, 17.7 per cent; under \ inch, 26.7 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.87 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 130, Illinois No. 14, washed

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 21.4 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 27.7 per cent; 

J inch to i inch, 25 per cent; under J inch, 25.9 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.92 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal .................... B . T. U . per pou 

Force of draft:

ml dry coal..

inch water. . 

.......do....

......... °F..

nonnds

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour. ................................................... .pounds. .

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed ...... ..........

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired . . 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of dry coal .................................

Coal as fired:

Dry eoal:

. ...pounds.. 

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

Test 123.

12,008

O.GO 

.28

23. GO

3.10 

87.0 

5.57

6. 49 

7.34 

8.99 

59.03

4.30 

5.38

3.85 

4.76

Test'125.

12, 125

0.57 

.20

20. 30

3.08 

80! 2 

5. 70

6.02 

7.58 

9.05 

60. 37

4.27 

5.27

3.73 

4.61

Test 130.

12, 731

0.52 

.14

21. 63

3.33 

93.3 

5.57

0.49 

7.71 

8.80 

58.48

4.36 

5.38

3.67 

4.53
TESTS ILLINOIS. 81

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Fixed carbon ......

Ash................

Test 123.

11.05

34.67

40.12

13. 50

100.00 

4.62

Test 125.

12.01

33. 60

41.30

12.49

100.00 

4.13

Test 130.

15.83

33.50

41.38

9.29

100.00 

3.24

Ultimate.

Ash ...............

Test 123.

05 44

4.53

8.24

1.22

5.23

15.34

100.00

Test 125.

4.62

8.38

1 9 r>

4.74

14. 29

100.00

Test 130.

70.11

4 86

8.83

i 31

3.85

11.04

100. 00

a Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test S7, Illinois No. 14.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours.

A vertigo electrical horsepower................................................................... 199.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 150.0

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 10,050

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (FOUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.78

1.07

1.42

1 90

1.79

1.01

1.52

Dry coal.

 1.55

1.40

1.32

1.24

1.00

1.50

1.41

1.33

Combustible.

1.33

1.25

1.13

1.07

1.42

1.34

1.21

1.14

Test 37.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash

Test 37.

12. 68

33.30

41.57

12.39

100.00

4.10

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH4 ) .........................

fTest 37.

8.2

21.0

10.7

3.2

50.9

100.0

Bull. 290 06 6
82 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 105, Illinois No. 14.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal..............................................................................pounds.. 18,000

Washed coal.............................................................................. do.... 15,955

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 2,045

ANALYSES.

Ash ............................................................................

Test 105.

Raw coal.

12.77 

34.68 

40.77 

11.78 

4.16

Washed 

coal.

16.32

9.37 

3.29

ILLINOIS NO. 15.«

Bituminous coal from south mine of Pettinger & Davis, Centralia, Marion County, 111., 

on the Illinois Central Railroad.

This sample was shipped as lump coal (over 6-inch screen), but it was necessary to 

close one-half of the screen while the car was being loaded, and consequently a large amount 

of the smaller sizes of coal, which should have gone through the screen, passed into the car. 

The sample was inspected by Inspector J. S. Burrows and was used in making the following, 

tests: Washing test No. 110, steaming test No. 126, steaming test on washed coal No. 

152, and producer-gas test No. 40.

One of the mine samples taken in this mine (No. 1725) came 'from the sixteenth east 

entry, 3,000 feet southeast of the shaft, and the other (No. 1726) was cut from the fourteenth south entry, 4,500 feet southwest of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

f Ash .................................................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1725 

7.20

10.25 

37.43 

39.79 

12.53 

3.70

6,154

11,077

1726 

7.80

11.88 

35.84 

43.45 

8.83 

3.25

Car 

sample.

1761 

4.20

9.95 

34.76 

42. 06 

13.23 

3.87 

5.25 

59.64 

1.04 

16.97

6,089 

-10,960

a Sample furnished by the Illinois Central Railroad.
TESTS ILLINOIS. 83

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 126, Illinois No! 15.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 20.5 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 25.9 per 

cent; £ inch to £inch, 21.1 per cent; under J inch, 

32.5 per cent. Duration of test, 9.88 hours.' Kind 

of grate, plain. .

Test 152, Illinois No. 15, washed.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 25.5 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 31.3 per 

cent; J inch to J inch, 21.8 per cent; under i inch, 

21.4 per cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. 

Kind of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 126: Test 152.

Heating value of coal................................B. T. U. per pound dry coal.. 11,749 13,104

Force of draft:

Under stack clamper..............................................inch water.. 0.55 0.46

Above fire.........................................................'......do.!.. ' .18- . .13

Furnace temperature.........................................................°F. ........... 2,439

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface, per hour.................pounds.. 20.44 19.63

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface, per

hour.................................................................pounds.. 3.11 3.36

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....:......................... 87.2 94.3

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired..........;.....pounds.. .5.94 . .6.51

Water evaporated from and at 212°F.:

Per pound of coal as fired................................................do.... 6.86 7.57

Per pound of dry coal...................................................do.... .7.62 8.59

Per pound of combustible...............................................do.... 9.49 9.64

Efficiency of boiler, including grate.....................................per cent.. 62.63 63.30

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour................... T..................pounds.. 4.12 3.74

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.... 5.09 4.61

Dry coal: . ' : Per indicated horsepower hour.........................................do.... 3.71 3.29

Per electrical horsepower hour...............:.................;........ .do.... 4.58 4.06

ANALYSES.

Test 126. Test 152. Test 126. Test 152.

Proximate. 

Moisture............

Volatile matter.....

Fixed carbon........

Ash.................

Sulphur.

10.00

33.39

41.20

15.41

11.81

37.09

42.69

8.41

100.00

4.36

100.00

3.00

Ultimate. 

Carbon " ..........

Hydrogen" ........

Oxygen" ..........

.Nitrogeno .........

Sulphur............

Ash................

63.78

4.43

8.70

1.12

4.85

17.12

100.00

71.17

4.94

9.71

1.24

3.40

9.54

100.00

"Figured from car sample.
84'

OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

PRODTTCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 4O, Illinois No. 15.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 200.5

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 142.9

Total coal fired..........................................................................pounds.. 16,950

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Developed at switch board . .1 .......................................

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.80

1.69

1.53

1.44

1.91

1.80

1.63

, 1.53

Dry coal.

1.03

1.53

1 39

1.30

1.73

1.63

1.47

1.38

Combustible.

1.39

1.30

1 IS

Lii

i di

1.36

1 93

1.16

Test 40.

ANALYSES.

9 Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 40.

9.44

35.48

41.53

13.55

4.00

Gas by volume.

Methane (CEU) .........................

Test 40.

11.1

16.1

11.2

3.3

CO 0

100.0
TESTS ILLINOIS. 85

WASHING TEST. 

Test 110, Illinois No. 15.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Rawcoal.............................................................................. -.pounds.. 18,000

Washed coal.............................................................................. do.... 13, 035

Refuse..............................................................................do.

ANALYSES.

4,905

Ash ............................................................................

Test 110.

Raw coal.

9.95 

34.70 

42.06 

13.23 

3.87

Washed, 

coal.

11.81

8.41 

3.00

ILLINOIS NO. 16."

Bituminous coal from mine No. 7, Big,Muddy Coal and Iron Company, Herrin, William- 

£ion County, 111., on the Illinois Central Railroad.

Lump and egg coal were shipped.for testing under the supervision of Inspector J. S. 

Burrows. This mixture is made by passing the run-of-mine coal over a screen with a 3-inch 

mesh. The coal was used in making washing test No. Ill, coking tests Nos. 7 and 10, 

steaming test No. 150, and producer-gas test No. 43.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analyses at working faces in 'the mine, as 

follows: No. 1731 in room 17 off the sixth south entry on the west side, 2,300 feet southwest 

of the shaft; No. 1732 in room 14 off the fifth north entry on the east side, 2,400 feet northeast of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

jAsh .................................................................

iloriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

1731 

5.70

9.37 

30.69 

52.57 

7.37 

1.25

6,699

12,058

1732 

4.80

8.59 

31.07 

53.37 

6.97 

1.78

Car 

samples.

1820 

4.00

8.43 

30.08 

51.89 

9.60 

1.14 

5.18 

67.33 

1.50 

15.25

6,644 

11,959

( Furnished by the Illinois Central Railroad Company.
r

86 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

STEAMING TEST. 

Test 150, Illinois No. 16.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, over 1 inch, 48.1 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 21.0 per cent; 

£ inch to \ inch, 12.3 per cent; under £ inch, 18.C percent. Duration of test, 7.53 hours. -Kind of grate, 

plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 150.

Heating value of coal....................................... :..B.T.U. per pound dry coal.. 12,874

Force of draft: .

Under stack damper........................................................inch water.. 0.48

Above fire........... ...............................................................do.... .11

Furnace temperature....................................................................°F............

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds.. 19.63

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface pe.' hour..... .do.... 3.56

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.......................................... 99.8

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...........................pounds.. 7.11

Water evaporated from and at 212°F.:

Per pound of coal as fired..................:'. .....................................do.... 8.24

Per pound of dry coal....,.........................;.............................. do.... 9.08

Per pound of combustible..................................... ^.................... do.... 10.42

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent.. 68.11

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour...................................:.............pounds.. 3.43

Per electrical horsepower hour....................................................do.... 4.24

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do.... 3.11

Per electrical horsepower hour......................................:.............do.... 3.85

ANALYSES.

Test 150. Test 150.

Proximate. Ultimate.

Moisture................................ 9.16 Carbono................................ 72.31

Volatile matter......................... 29.57 Hydrogen^............................. 4.56

Fixed carbon........................... 51.04 Oxygens............................... 8.33 (

Ash.................................... 10.23 Nitrogeno.............................. 1.60 (

 Sulphur............................«... 1.94 )

100.00 Ash.................................... 11.26

Sulphur................................. 1.76 

	100.00

aFigured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 43, Illinois No. 16.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 201.1

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 149.5

Total coal fired........................................................................pounds.. 17,250
TTiSTS ILLINOIS. 87

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Developed at switch board ..,..................................:....

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at.engine. . ...............................................

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.81

1.72

1.54

1.40

1.91

1.81

1.C2

1.54

Test 43.

Dry 

coal.

1.07

L58

1.42

1.35

1.77

1.67

1.50

1.42

Combustible.

1.48

1.41

1.2G

1.19

1.57

1.48

1.33

1.26

ANALYSES.

. Coal.

Fixed carbon ...........................

Ash.....................................

Test 43.

7.68

30.62

51.33

10.37

100. 00 

1.47

Gas by volume.

Tost 43.

8.0

21.6

12.9

2.7

54.8

100.0

WASHING TEST. 

Test 111, Illinois No. 16.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal... ......................................................................... pounds.. 14,000

Washed coal..............................................................................do.... 12,500

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 1,500

ANALYSES.

Volatile matter. ...............................................................

Ash....'........................................................................

Test 111.

Raw coal.

8.43 

30.08 

51.89 

9.60 

1.14

Washed 

coal.

10.14

8.06 

1.02
OPEEATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COKING TESTS.

Test 7, Illinois No. 1C.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test. hours.

Remarks. Accident to charging larry necessitated discontinuing test. Coal burned to keep 

oven hot.

Test 10, Illinois No. 16, washed.

Size as shipped, lump and egg. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Duration of test, 66 hours.

Coal charged.............;.......pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced......................do.... 5,579

Breeze produced....................do.... 910

Coke produced..................per cent.. 55. 79

Breeze produced.................... do.... 9.10

Total percentage yield............... 64.89

Remarks. Dull-gray color. Poor coke physically.

ANALYSES.

Test 10.

Ash................................................................................

Coal.

. 9.79

30.35

51.79

8.07

1.09

Coke.

2.14

1.46

83. 9G

12.44

1.02

ILLINOIS 1STO. 18."

Bituminous coal from La Salle shaft mine, La Salle County Carbon Cor 1 Company, La 

Salle, La Salle County, 111., on the Illinois Central Railroad.

The sample shipped for testing consisted of lump coal passed over a 6-inch mesh screen. 

It was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. S. Burrows, and used for the following 

tests: Washing test No. 109, steaming tests Nos. 140 and 148, steaming tests on washed 

coal Nos. 147 and 149, and producer-gas test No. 45.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 1741 was cut in the 

twelfth west entry off the north entry; No. 1742 was cut in the third east enLy off the 

third south entry, 4,000 feet from the shaft and 8,000 feet from No. 1741.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

iboratory number. . ...................................................

JAsh........ .........................................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1741 

11.00

13.87 

37.26 

38.56 

10.31 

3.44

6,103 

10,985

1742 

11.20

15.55 

36.21 

40.66 

7.58 

3.01

Car 

sample.

1779 

8.40

12.39 

36.89 

41.80 

8.92 

 3.92 

5.85 

61.29 

1.00 

19.02

. 6, 333 

11,399

a Sample furnished by Illinois Central Railroad.
TESTS ILLINOIS: 89

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 140, Illinois No. 18.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

37.3 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 22.2 per cent; J inch 

to £ inch, 15.9 per cent; under J inch, 24.6 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, rocking.

T«st 147, Illinois No. 18,* washed.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

9.5 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 25.5 per cent; J inch 

to ^ inch, 29.0 per cent; under J inch, 35.4 per cent. 

Duration of test, 9.95 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

Test 148, Illinois No. 18.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

27.1 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 25.7 per cent; J inch 

to J inch, 17.9 per cent; under \ inch, 29.3 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

Test 149, Illinois No. 18, washed.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

21.7 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 22.7 per cent; J inch 

to J inch, 28.8 per cent; under J inch, 26.8 per cent. 

Duration of test, 5.32 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain. .

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square loot of

Equivalent water evaporated per

Percentage of rated horsepower of

Water apparently evaporated per 

pounds

. U. per pound dry coal. .

............'........ do....

... . ....... ?........°F .

grate surface per hour,

square foot of waterpound of coal as fired,

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired - nounds

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. 

Per electrical horsepower hour. 

Dry coal:

....................do....

.....................do....

. .. ....... .....per cent..

..... ...........pounds.. 

...................do....

...................do....

...................do....

Test 140.

12,951

0.63 

.18

18.51

2.86 

80.1

6.51

7.60 

8.61 

9.90 

64.20

3.72 

4.59

3.28 

4.06

Test 147.

13, 554

0.57. 

.17

19.53

3.12 

87.4

6.49

7.57 

8.91 

9.86 

63.48

3.74 

4.61

3.17 

3.92

Test 148.

12,991

0.53 

.19

18.86

2.99 

83.9

6.13

7.06 

7.94 

9.13 

59.02

4.01 

4.95

3.56 

4.40

Test 149.

13, 432

0.56 

.14 

2060

17.83

3.29 

92.2

6.61

7.70 

9.23 

10.08 

66.36

3.67 

4.53

3.06 

3.78

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash ...........................................................

Sulphur........... ....... ...............................

Test 140.

11.72

37.27

41.73

9.28

100. 00 

4/07

Test 147.

14.99

37.24

42.00

5.77

100.00 

2.98

Test 148.

11.10

37.11

42.14

9.65

100.00 

3.37

Test 149.

10.64

36.13

41.51

5.72

100. 00 

2.72
90 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES continued.

Ultimate.

Ash... ........................................................

Test 140.

69.57

5.09

9.09

1.13

4.61

10.51

100. 00

Test 147.

73.53

5.36

9.01

1.20

3.51

6.79

lOg. 00

Test 148.

69.97

5.11

9.14

1.14

3.79

10.85

100. 00

Test 149.

73.68

5.37

9.63

1.20

3.26

6.86

100.00

o Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 45, Illinois No. 18.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 5o hours. 

Average electrical horsepower...'................................................................ 201.7

Average B. T. U. gas. per cubic foot............................................................ 147.7

Total coal fired........................................................................ pounds.. 16,200

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 45.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by 'producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.71

1.61

1.45

* 1.37

1.85

1.74

1.57

1.48

Dry 

coal.

1.49

1.40

1.26

1.19

1.61

1.51

1.30

1,28

Combustible.

1.31

1.23

1.12

1.05

1.42

1.33

1.21

1.13

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 45.

13. 19.

35.93

40.84

10.04

100. 00

. 4.59

Gas by volume.

Methane (CHi) .........................

Test 45.

11.4

17.2

12.8

3.2

CC A

100.0
TESTS ILLINOIS. 91

WASHING TEST.

Test 109, Illinois No. 18.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified 

Raw coal................................................................................pounds.. 18,000

Washed coal................................................................................do... 14,400

.do. 3,600

ANALYSES.

Ash ............................................................................

Test 109.

Raw coal.

12. 39 

30.89 

41.80 

8.92 

3.92

Washed 

coal.

, 14.99

5.77 

2.98

ILLINOIS 3SrO. 19.

Bituminous coal from Zeigler mine, Zeigler Coal Company, Zeigler, Franklin County, 111., 

on the Illinois Central Railroad.

Two samples were loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves as follows: 

Illinois No. 19 A was shipped as "three-fourths inch coal," which had passed over a threefourths inch perforated shaking screen. It was used in making coking tests Nos. 11 and 15 

and steaming tests Nos. 160, 161, 163, 170, and 171. Illinois No. 19 B was shipped as 

"3-inch coal" which had passed over a 1^-inch perforated shaking screen. It was used in 

making steaming tests Nos. 175,204, and 205, producer-gas test No. 55, and coking test No. 

19.

Two mine samples were collected from this mine for chemical analysis. No. 1871 was cu t 

from the face of room 5, off the first west entry on the north side, 600 feet northwest of the 

shaft. No. 1872 was cut from room 5, off the third west entry on the south side, 1,050 

feet southwest of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Ultimate. Proximate. o > g

JAsh .......................................................

O yvCTpn

loriflc value determined :

 Mine samples.

1871 

5.20

9.90 

28.67 

53.69 

7.74 

.48

6,667

12,001

1872 

5.60

10.53 

29.00 

53.01 

7.40 

.47

Car samples.

1926 

9.10

14.91 

26.66 

49.50 

8.93 

.52 

5.42 

62.76 

1.35 

21.02

6,088 

10,958

2020 

5.60

10.72 

29.80 

50.06 

9.36 

.91 

5.30 

66.74 

1.40 

16.29

6, 492 

11,686
92 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 160, Illinois No. 19 A.

Size as shipped, ^-inch coal. Size as used, J inch 

to 1 inch, 21.3 per cent; \ inch to J inch, 32.0 per 

cent; under \ inch, -46.7 per cent. Duration of 

test, 10.02 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

Test 161, Illinois No. 19 A.

Size as shipped, J-inch coal. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 0 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 13.0 per cent; \ 

inch to £'inch, 27.2 per cent; under J inch, 59.2 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 163, Illinois No. 19 A.

Size as shipped, J-mch coal. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 0 per cent; -J inch to 1 inch, 17.7 per cent; \ 

inch to $ inch, 34.7 per cent; under J inch, 47.G per 

cent. Durationoftest,9.98hours. Kindofgrate, 

plain.

Test 170, Illinois No. 19 A.

Size as shipped, J-inch coal. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 0 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 13.G per cent; J 

inch to J inch, 31.3 per cent; under J inch, 55.1 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.07 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 171, Illinois No. 19 A.

Size as shipped, f-inch coal. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 0 per cent; -J inch to 1 inch, 13.0 per cent; J 

inch to \ inch, 31.8 per cent; under J inch, 54.6 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 175, Illinois No. 19 B.

Size as shipped, 3-inch coal. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 60.2 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 15.7 per cent; 

\ inch to \ inch, 9.2 per cent; under \ inch, 14.9 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.9 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 204, Illinois No. 19 B.

Size as shipped, 3-inch coal. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 44.0 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 17.2 per cent; 

i inch to \ inch, 12.3 per cent; under £ inch, 20.5 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 205, Illinois No. 19 B.

Size as shipped, 3-inch coal. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 54.4 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 15.1 percent; \ 

inch to i inch, 10.7 per cent; under £ inch, 19.8 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.93 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal, B. T. U. per 

pound dry coal. ...................

Force of draft:

Under stack damper, inch water. 

Above fire ....... . .inch water. .

Furnace temperature. ......... .°F. .

Dry coal used per square foot of 

grate surface per hour. . .pounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per 

square foot of water-heating surface per hour ........... .pounds. .

Percentage of rated horsepower of 

boiler developed ..................

Water apparently evaporated per 

pound of coal as fired .... pounds . .

Water evaporated from and at 212

Per pound of coal as fired, 

pounds ........................

Per pound of dry coal, .pounds. .

Per pound of combustible, .do. . .

Efficiency of boiler, including grate,

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour, 

pounds. .......................

Per electrical horsepower hour, 

pounds. .......................

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour, 

pounds. .......................

Per electrical horsepower hour, 

pounds. .......................

Test 

100.

13,036

0.40 

.14

2,428

18.47

3.07

86.1

6.27

7.27

8.33

9.45

61. 71

3.89

4.80

3.40

4.19

Test 

161.

12,911

0.54 

.20

2,080

17.77

3.12

87.6

6.54

7.62

8.80

10. 17

65.82

3.71

4.58

3.21

3.97

Test 

163.

13,068

. 0.67 

.17-

2,227

20.79

3.57

100.2

6.45

7.50

8.61

9.70

63. G3

3.77

4.66

3.28

4.06

Test 

170.

12,857

0.56 

.16

2,039

20.22

3.10

87.0

6.37

7.42

8.56

9.85

64.29

3.81

4.71

3.30

4.08

Test 

171.

12,917

0.49

.17

20.08

3.23

90.6

0.71

7.79

8.97

10.30

07.06

3.63

4.48

3.15

3.89

Test 

175.

13,005

0.41 

-.09

2,470

20.54

3.73

104.7

6.96

8.13

9. 10

10. 53

07. 50

3.48

4.30

3.11

3.84

Test 

204.

13,050

0.-41 

.11

2,447

20.09

3.50

98.2

7.27

8.54

9.45

10. 83

69.93

3.31

4.09

2.99

3.70

Test 

205.

13,001

0.40 

.12

2,448

20.38

3.38

94.9

7.11

8.32

9.27

10.83

68.80

3.40

4.20

3.05

3.77
TESTS ILLINOIS.

ANALYSES.

93

Proximate.

Volatile matter.....

Ash.................

Ultimate.

Sulphur... ........

Ash.................

Test 100.

12.79

27.24 

51.73

8.24

100.00 

.49

74.07

4.47

 9.24

1.61

.50

9.45

100. 00

Test 101.

13.43

27. 00 

50.08

8.89

100. 00 

.50

. 73. 99

.4.44

9.10

1.58

.58

10.25

100. 00

Test 103.

.12.80

28.30 

50.80

8.04

100.00 

.51

74.83

4.49

9.25

l.OL

.59

9.23

100. 00

Test 170.

 13. 28

27.72 

49.75

9.25

100.00 

.50

73.05

4.42

9.10

1.58

.58

10.07

100. 00

Test 171.

13. 19

' 27.50 

50.33

8.92

100. 00 

.50

73.97

4.44

9.14

1.59

.58

10.28

100. 00

Test 175.

10.72

29.77 

49.30

10.21

100,00 

.47

74.37

4.59

7.52

' 1.50

.53

11. 43

100. 00

Test 204.

9.50

29.40 

51.11

9.93

100. 00 

.61

74.62

' 4.60

7.56

 1.57

.07

10. 98

100. 00

Test 205.

10.30

29.20 

50.27

10. 23

100. 00 

.55

74.33

4.58

7.51

1.50

.61

.11.41

100.00

» Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 55, Illinois No. 19 B.

Size as shipped, lump, 3 inch. Size as used, over 1 inch, 77 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 9 per cent; J 

inch to J inch, 5 per cent; under J inch, 9 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 201.1

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot................:........................................... 164.1

Total coal fired........................................................................ .pounds.. 13,950

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.47

1.39

1.25

1.18

1.55

1.47

1.32

1.25

Dry 

coal.

1.33

1.20

1. 13

1.07

1.40

1.33

1 19

1.13

Combustible.

1.19

1.12

1.01

.95

1.26

1.19

. 1.07

1.01

Test 55.
94 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Coal. 

Moisture ................................

Ash.....................................

Sulphur .................................

Test 55.

9.64

30.68

50.22

9.46

100.00

.53

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) .........................

Test 55.

7.4

23.9

15.7

2.1

Vt Q

100.00

COKING TESTS.

Test 11, Illinois No. 19 A.

Size as shipped, f inch. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 48 hours. Coal 

charged, 10,000 pounds.

Remarks. No coke produced.

Test 15, Illinois No. 19 A.

Size as shipped, f inch. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw.' Duration of test, 24 hours. Coal

charged, 6,000 pounds. 

Remarks. 'No coke produced.

Test 19, Illinois No. 19 B.

Size as shipped, 3 inches. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 47 hours. Coal > 

charged, 6,000 pounds.

Remarks. No coke produced from this coal. 

Three trials.

INDIANA NO. 3.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 3, J. Woolley Coal Company, near Boonville, Warrick 

County, Ind., on the Southern Railway.

This sample, which was shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves, consisted of nut and slack coal mixed. It was used in making washing test No. 115, coking 

test No. 14, steaming test No. 162, and producer-gas test No. 53.

Two mine samples were sent to the laboratory for chemical analysis; they were taken 

from the mine as follows: No. 1759 was taken from a point 1,500 feet northeast of the 

shaft; No. 1760 was taken from the face of a room 600 feet northwest of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

o Ultimate. Proximate. g> Moisture. ............................................................

Fixed carbon .........................................................

(Ash .................................................:...............

Oxygen ...............................................................

lo rifle value determined: 

Calories ..............................................."..............

British thermal units ...............................................

Mine samples.

1759 

7.60

11.28 

38.04 

43.05 

7.63 

3.58

6,551

,11,792

1760 

7.00

11.10 

37.04 

42.18 

9.68 

4.33

Car 

sample.

1941 

8.50

13.18 

31.92 

39.27 

 15. 63 

4.79 

5.36 

54. 52 

1.08 

18.62

5,572 

10,030
TESTS INDIANA. 95

STEAMING TEST. 

Test 163, Indiana No. 3.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, .over 1 inch, 28.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 25.8 percent; 

i inch to J inch, 16.4 per cent; tinder J inch, 29.4 per cent. Duration of test, 9.05 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal................. i........................ B. T. U. per pound dry coal.. 11,609

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.........................................................inch water.. 0.51

Above fire......................................................................... do.... .15

Furnace temperature...................................................................°F.. 23.51

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds.. 20.05

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour.......do.... 3.25

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.......................................... 91. l

Water apparently evaporated per pound o^coal as fired...........................pounds.. 6rl4

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired.........................................................do.... 7.10

Per pound of dry coal................. 1........................................... do.... 8.11

Per pound of combustible.........................................................dp.... 10.15

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent.. 67.12

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.. 3.98

Per electrical horsepower hour.....................................................do.... 4.92

Dry coal: 

H Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do.... 3. 49

Per electrical horsepower hour....................................................do.... 4.30

Test 162.

ANALYSES.

Test 162. Test 162.

Proximate. 

Moisture.................

Volatile matter..........

Fixed carbon............

Ash......................

Sulphur.

12.42

31.83

40.68

15.07

Ultimate. 

Carbon a................

Hydrogen a.............

Oxygen a...............

Nitrogeno..............

100.00

4.84

Sulphur. 

Ash.....

63.44

4.53

8.03

1.26

5.53

17.21

100.00

Figured from car sample.
96 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 53, Indiana No. 3, washed.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................. 189.7

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 137. 2

Total coal fired.............................................:........................... .pounds.. 17,550

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.97

1.85

1.67

1.57

2.09

1.97

1.78

1.67

Dry 

coal.

1.74

1.63

 1.47

1.39

1.84

1.73

1.56

1.47

Combustible. .

1.57

1.48

1.34

1.26

1.67

1.57

1.42

1.33

Test 53.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Fixed carbon. ...........................

A«h

Test 53.

11.85

36.85

43.15 

8.15

100.00

3.64

Gas by volume.

Carbon monoxide (CO) .................

Hydrogen (Ha) .......................... 

Methane (CH<) ........ 1 ................

Test 53.

10.7

18.1

10.6 

2.7

100.0

WASHING TEST. 

Test 115, Indiana No. 3.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stowart modified. 

Raw coal ..................................^.....:..................................... .pounds.. 50,000

Washed coal.............................................................................. do.... 36,000

Eefuse.............................................................................. do.... 14,000
TESTS INDIANA. 97

Ash............ ................... . . ..............................

Test 115.

Raw coal.

13.18 

31.92 

39.27 

15.03 

4.79

Washed 

coal.

15.02

8.C1 

3.25

COKING TEST. 

Test. 14, Indiana No. 3.

Si/e as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, finely crushed.

Remarks. Burned for 24 hours. Ashed down about 10 inches. No coke produced.

INDIANA NO. 4.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 29, Consolidated Indiana Coal Company, Star City, 

Sullivan County, Ind., on the Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad.

This sample was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. S- Burrows and consisted 

of screenings which had passed through a IJ-inch bar screen. The tests made on this sample were as follows: Washing test No. 112, coking tests Nos. 6 and 9, steaming tests Nos. 

151, 165, and 166, and steaming test on washed coal No. 154.

Two mine samples were taken from this mine for chemical analysis. No. 1807 waa 

obtained at a point in the eighth east entry on the south side of the mine, 4,000 feet southeast of the shaft, and No. 1775 was cut from the face of room 1 off the thirteenth east 

entry, 3,900 feet north of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

JAsh .................................................................

N i t rojjen

loriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

1775 

9.00

14. 80 

31. 05 

40.14 

7.35 

2.20

0,291

11,324

1807 

8.90

13.37 

35.00 

44. 15 

7.42 

2.10

Car 

'sample.

1844 

10.80

.13.99 

29.40 

42.29 

14.32 

2.31 

5.30 

57.18 

1.11 

.19. 72

6,732 

10,318

Bull. 290 06-
OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 191)5.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 151, Indiana No. 4.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 3G.5 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 21 per cent; 

J inch to ^ inch, 15.4 per cent; under -J inch, 27.1 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.05 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 154, Indiana No. 4, washed.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 18.5 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 29.9 per cent; 

t \ inch to £ inch, 24.4 per cent; under J inch, 27.2 

per cent. Duration .of test, 9.95 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 105, Indiana No. 4.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

linch, 19 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 22.4 percent; 

J inch to f} inch, 18.0 per cent; under J inch, 40 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 166, Indiana No. 4.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 8.1 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 18.3 per cent; 

\ inch to i inch* 18.8 per cent; under J inch, 54.8 

per cent. Duration of test, 8.80 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of 

pounds

. U. per pound dry coal. .

...................do....

.............. .......°F..

grate surface per hour, '

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of wate -heating surface per hour.... .... . .... .... .normds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of b 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and' at 212°

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. 

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

pound of coal as fired,

F.:

...................do....

...................do....

................percent..

...................do....

..........;... .....do....

...................do....

Test 151.

o 11,977

0.48 

.12 

2,023

18. G4

2.88 

80.8

5.74

G.04 

7.74 

9.57 

C2.41

4.2G 

'5.26

3. 05 

4.51

Test 154.

13,421

0.45

 U 

2,390

19.21

3.40 

95.3

6.45

7.55 

8.86 

9.86 

G3.75

3.75 

4.G2

3.19 

3.94

Test 105.

11,480

0.61 

.19 

2,062

21.98

3.17 

88.9

5.94

6.94 

8.05 

10.43 

67.68

4.08 

5.03

3.51 

4.34

Test 100.

11,693

0.60 

.22 

1,870

19.62

2.C7 

74.7

5.57

Q.4G

7.58 

9. 86 

02.60

4.38 

5.40

3.73 

4.00

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash;..........................,...............................

Test 151.

14.24

31.59

39.96

14.21

100. 00 

2.52

Test 154.

14.80

33.10

44.91

7 19

100. 00 

2.12

Test 165.

13.82

29.12

39.80

. 17.20

100. 00 

2.43

Test 160.

14 79

29. 70

39.09

100.00 

 2. 52
TESTS INDIANA. 

ANALYSES continued.

99

Ultimate.

II yd rogen a ...................................................

Ash .............................................. ...........

Test 151.

60.31

4.42

8.46

1.30

2.94

16. 57

100. 00

Test 154.

73.41

4.89

9.35

1.42

2.49

8.44

100.00

Test 165.

63.59

4.24

8.09

i 90

2.82

20.03

100.00

Test 166.

04.73

4.31

8.25

1.26

2.96

18.49

100. 00

a Figured from car sample.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 112, Indiana No. 4.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, screenings (l£-inch)'. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal................................................................................pounds.. 32,000

Washed coal..............................."...............................................do.... 24,000

Refuse.......................................................... ^................... do.... 8,000

ANALYSES.

Test II2.

Moisture. ........................................................ .... .

Ash.................................'............................. ....

Raw coal.

13.99

29 40

42.29

14.32

2

«>i

Washed 

coal.

16 49

7 91

COKING TESTS.

Test G, Indiana No. 4.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 62 hours. 

Coal charged .................... .pounds. . 10,000

Coke produced ..................... .do.

Breeze produced ................... .do .

5,010

536

50. 10

5. 36

Total percentage yield............... 55.46

Remarks. Light-gray color. High ash and 

sulphur. Medium coke. .

Coke produced ................. .per cent.

Breeze produced ................... .do. ..

Test 0, Indiana No. 4, washed.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Duration of test, 58 hours. 

Coal charged ...-. ..............:. .pounds. . 10,000

Coke produced ..................... .do. ... 5, 153

.13 reeze produced ................... .do. ... 332

Coke produced ................. .per cent. . 5 1. 53

Breeze produced ................... .do. ... 3. 32

Total percentage yield............... 54.85

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Ash 

reduced materially by washing; a little too 

much sulphur.

ANALYSES.

Ash.............:....................................-........

Test 0.

Coal.

14.30

29.48 

40.90 

15.26 

2.00

Coke.

6.31 

1.60 

68.35 

23.74 

. 2.80

Test 9.

Coal.

10.33 

31.89 

44.19 

7.59 

2.08

Coke.

0.55 

.38 

85.91 

13.10 

2.06
100 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

INDIANA NrO. 5.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 33, Consolidated Indiana Coal Company, Hymera, Sullivan County, Ind., on the Evansville and Terre Haute (Railroad.

This sample, which consisted of run-of-mine coal, was shipped under (he supervision of 

Inspector J. S. Burrows and was used in making coking test No. 8, steaming tests Nos. 153, 

155, and 156, and producer-gas tests Nos. 46 and 47.

Two mine samples were taken in the mine, one of which, No. 1774, came from the second 

east entry on the north side of the mine, 1,200 feet from the shaft, and the other, No. 1773, 

from room 16 off the second east entry, 1,600 feet southwest of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Volatile matter ..................

JAsh. ............................

iloriflc value determined:

.............................do....

..............................do....

..............................do....

..............................do....

.......:....."................. do....

..............................do....

..............................do....

..............................do....

..............................do....

..............................do....

Mine samples.

1773 

9.10

12.14 

35.17 

43.73 

8.90 

3.54

0,398 

11,510

1774 

8.40

12.17 

35. 53 

43. 14 

9.10 

. 4.66

Car 

sample.

1859 

7.20

12.03 

35.65 

41.44 

10.88 

4.27 

5.50 

60.73 

1.08 

17.54

0, 218 

11, 192

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 153, Indiana No. 5.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 29.0 per cent; J incli to 1 inch, 23.2 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 16.2 per cent; under \ inch, 3.1.6 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 155, Indiana No. 5.

 Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 27.7 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 20.0 per cent;

J inch to -J inch, 20.4 per cent; under \ inch, 31.9 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.98 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 150, Indiana No. 6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 33.7 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 23.2 per cent; 

J inch to A inch, 15.4 per cent; under \ inch, 27.7 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.92 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMSForce of draft:

Furnace temperature. ............................................. .°F. .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired ..... .pounds. . 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of combustible. .................................. .do. . . .

Test 153.

12, 564

0.51

.22

2,391

19.21

3.16

88.6

6.20 

7.30

8.24

9.01

Test 155.

' 0.50

.18

2,223

17.41

2.90

81.3

6.32 

7. 30

8.35

9.91

Test 150.

.18

2,317

19.14

3.10

87.0

0.20 

7.23

9.49
TESTS INDIANA. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

101

Efficiency of boiler, including grate.............

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

.................do....

.................do....

.................do....

Test 153.

03. 25

3.87

4.78

3.43

4.24

Test 155.

64.27

3.84

4.74

3.39

4.18

Test 15(1.

0.1. 07

3.91

4.83

3. 48

4.30

Proximate.

Ash. ....... ........

Sulphur............

Test 153.

11.31

 30.30

41.29

11.04

100. 00

5.07

Test 155.

11.83

34.23

42.27

11.07

100. 00

4.05

Test 150.

11.01

35.02

43.01

10.90

100. 00

4.35

Ultimate.

Ash. ...............

Test 153.

68.25

4.08

7.08

1.22

12.45

100. 00

Test 155.

07.95

4.00

7.66

1.21

13.23

100.00

Test 156.

09.00

4.73

7.79

] 99

12.31

100. 00

« Figured from car sample. 

PKODUCER-GAS TESTS.

Test 46, Indiana No. 5.

Size-as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not 

determined. Duration of test, 30 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.............. 199.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot...... 136.7

Total coal fired..................pounds.. 11,850

- Test, 47, Indiana No. 5.

Size as shipped, run.of mine. Size as used, not 

determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............. 202.2

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot...... 145.0

Total coal fired..................pounds.. 14,250

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.12

1.99

1.80

. 1.69

2.29

2.15

1.95

1.83

Test 46.

Dry coal.

1.91

1.79

1.02

1.52

2.06

1.93

1.75

1.04

Combustible.

1.64

1.54

1.39

1.31

1.78

1.66

1.51

1.41

Coal as 

fired.

1.51

1.41

1.29

1.20

1.62

1.51

1.37

1.28

Test 47.

Dry coal.

1.35

1.26

1.15

1.07

1.45

1.35

1.23

1.15

Combustible.

1.20

1.12

1.02

.95

1.28

1.19

1.09

1.01

Note. Producer-gas tests 46 and 47 are on the same coal. 

ging up of the economizer.

Test 46 was cut short owing to the clog-
102 OPEKATIOIMS Ob' FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash....:......................

Test 40.

10.02 

35. 49 

41.98 

12. 51

100. 00 

0.04

Test 47.

10.49 

35. 90 

43. 25 

10. 3G

100. 00 

4.14

'

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) ...............

Test 40.

12.0 

15.2 

11.8 

3.0 

58.0

100.0

Test 47.

10.1 

18. S 

11.5 

2.9 

56. 7

100. 0.

COKING TEST. 

Test 8, Indiana No. 5.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. -Raw. Duration of test, 49 hours. 

Coal charged...........................................................................pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced.............................................................................do.... 5,340

Breeze produced........................................................................... do.... 232

Coke produced............................. v ..........................................per cent.. 53. 40

Breeze produced ..........................................................................do.... 2. 32

Total percentage yield....................................................................

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Good, strong coke. High ash and sulpher.

ANALYSES.

Ash............................ : . . . .

Test 8.

Coal.

10.74 

36.71 

41.95 

10. CO 

4.61

Coke.

0.76 

.54 

81.29 

17.41 

4.21

INDIANA NO. 6.

Bituminous coal from mine No 34, Consolidated Indiana Coal Company, Hymera, 

Sullivan County, Ind., on the Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of 

Inspector J. S. Burrows. It was used in making washing test No. 113, coke test No. 12, 

steaming test No. 157, steaming test on washed coal No. 159, and producer-gas test No. 49.

Two mine samples were selected from widely separated points in this mine. No. 1772 

came from room 2, off the second east entry on the south side, 300 feet southeast of the 

shaft; No. 1776 from the main north entry, 425 feet north of the shaft.
TESTS IKDTANA. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

103

Mine samples. Car 

sample.

Laboratory number. 

Air-drying loss......

Moisture........

Volatile matter. 

Fixed carbon... 

JAsh...........

[Sulphur.......

Hydrogen.......

Carbon.........

Nitrogen.......

Oxygen.................

Calorific value determined: 

Calories................

British thermal units.

1772

7.20

10.45

38.62

41.35

9.58

4.04

6,525

11,745

1776

4.70

9.22

37.70

41.85

11.17

3.94

1875

5.20

10.80

36.09

40.49

12.62

4.39

5.46

CO. 88

1.13

15.52

6,214

11,185

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 157, Indiana No. G.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 29.9 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 19.9 per cent; 

Jinch to £ inch, 14.2 percent; under J inch,36 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of

grate, plain.

Test 150, Indiana No. 6, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 39.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 27.1 per cent; 

J inch to $ inch, 15.8 per cent; under J inch, 17.3 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.92 hours. Kind of grate,

plain. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 157. Test 159.

Heating value of coal.... I.......................... B. T. U. per pound dry coal.. 12,505 13,091

Force of draft:

Under stack damper........................................... 1.. inch water.. 0.49 0.43

Above fire...............................................................do.... .15 .11

Furnace temperature.........................................................°F.. 2,410 2,522

Dry coal used per square foot 9! grate surface per hour..................pounds.. 18.59 21. 40

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds.............................'............................................. 3.03 3.45

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed............................... 84.9 90. 7

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.................pounds.. 6.30 6.15

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired...............................................do.... 7.30 7.15

Per pound of dry coal...................................................do.... 8.16 8,06

Per pound of combustible...............................................do.... 9.72 9.18

Efficiency of boiler, including grate.......................:............. .per cent.. 63.02 59.46

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................^. .pounds.. 3.87 3.96

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.... 4.78 4.88

Dry coal:-

Per indicated horsepower hour............................ 1.............do.... 3.47 3.5t

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.... 4.28 4.33
104 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash.......... ................

Test 157.

34. 80 

4.1.93

.12.76

100. 00

Test 159.

11.27 

37. 90 

41.20 

9.63

100.00 

3.57

Ultimate.

Hydrogen a. ..................

Asli ...........................

Test 157.

fiS. 03

4.76 

0. 61 

1.26

r. AQ

14.26

300.00

Test 159.

71.77 

5. 02 

7.01 

1.33 

4.02 

' 10.85

100. 00

« Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test, 49, Indiana No.'G.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours.

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 199.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic loot............................................................. 150. 9

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 17,850

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by -producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired:

' 1.89

1.79

1.61

1.52

2.05

1 94

1.74

1 fi^

Dry coal.

1.68

1.59

1.43

1.35

1.83

1.73

1.55

1.47

Combustible.

1.45

1.37

1.23

1.16

1.57

1.49

1.33

1.26

Test 49.

ANALYSES.

-

Coal. 

Moisture .........."......................

Volatile matter .........................

Fixed carbon ...........................

Ash.... .................................

Test 49.

10.89 

36.19 

40.43 

12.49

100. 00 

4.71

Gas by volume.

Nitrogen (Ns) ..........................

Test 49.

9.8 

18.1 

12.8 

2.4 

56.9

100. 00
TESTS INDIANA. . 105

WASHING TEST. 

Test; lltt, Indiana No. «.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified.

Raw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 24,000

Washed coal...............................................................................do.... 19,10*

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 4,900

ANALYSES.

A$II.............. ;.............................................................

Tost 113.

Raw coal.

10.80 

8C.09 

' 40. 49 

12.62 

4.39

Washed * 

coal.

1].C5

9.83 

3.49

COKING TEST.

Test 13, Indiana No. 0, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Duration of test, 49 hours. 

Coal charged........................................................................... pounds-. 10,000

Coke produced........... v ................................................................do.... 5,434

Breeze produced............................................................................do.... 501

Coke produced................................................'..... -................. .per cent.. 54.34

Breeze produced......................................................................... ..do.... 5.01

Total percentage yield..................................................................... 59.35

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Good coke, but ash and sulphur high.

ANALYSES.

Test 12.

Ash ................ '. . .............................................................

Coal..

t

12. 39

36.77

40.85

9.99

3.59

Coke.

0.75

.73

81. 90

1C. 62

3.16

INDIANA NO. 7.

Bituminous coal from Little's mine, S. W. Little Coal Company, Littles, Pike County, 

Ind., on the Evansville and Terre Haute Railroad.

Two samples of coal were shipped from this mine under the supervision of Inspector W. 

J. Von Borries, as follows: Indiana N o. 7 A was made up of lump coal which had been passed 

over a l§-inch screen. This sample was used in making washing test No. 114, coking test 

No. 13, steaming test No. 158,'and producer-gas test No. 51. Indiana No. 7 B consisted 

of screenings which had passed through a If-inch screen and was used in making steaming 

tests Nos. 164 and 176, the rest being reserved for briquette experiments.

Two mine samples were taken in this mine. No. 1824 was obtained at a point 2,000 

feet southeast of the shaft, off the eighth south entry, and No. 1825 at a point in the main 

entry 2,600 feet east of the shaft.
106 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Ultimate. Proximate. o > g

1 Ash .......................................................

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1824 

0.40

10.18 

38.86 

42.84 

8.12 

3.90

0,767 

12, 181

1825 

6.20

9.99 

37. 86 

44.18 

7.97 

3.25

Car sample A.

1881 

3.60

.8.90 

38.52 

43. 37 

9.21 

3.74 

5. 61 

65. 54 

1.20 

14.70

6,671 

12, 008

Car sample B.

1882 

8.60

11.12 

36.98 

42.55 

9.35 

3,78 

5.63 

03. 01 

1.13 

17. 10

6,416 

11,549

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 158, Indiana No. 71 A.

Size as shipped, lump, egg, and nut. Size as 

used, over 1 inch, 44.3 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 

25 per cent; J inch to J inch, 14.2 per cent; under 

£ inch, 16.5 per cent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. 

Kind of grate, plain.

Test 104, Indiana No. 7 B.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 5.6 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 25.3 per cent;

J inch to J inch, 25.8 per cent; under \ inch, 43.3 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking.

Test 176, Indiana No. 7 B.

Size as shipped, screenings. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 5.1 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 23.1 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 24.4 per cent; under J inch, 47.4 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.07 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 158. Test 164. Test 176.

Heating value of coal....................B. T. U. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper...................................inch water

Above fire................'. ...................................do..

Furnace temperature ..............................................°F

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour........ .pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour ..................................................... pounds.

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fifed........pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212 °.F.:

Per pound of coal as fired....................................do....

Per pound of dry coal........................................do....

Per pound of combustible....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................percent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................ pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour...............................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour...............................do....

13,248

0.44

.12

2,579

19.85

3.45

90.9

6.80

7.95

8.72

9.83

63.56

3.56

4.39

3.24

4.00

12,838

0.02

.23

1,880

19.01

2.69

75.5

6.05

7.00

7.91

9.14

59.49

4.01

4.95

3.57

4.41

12,710

0.50

.17

2,033

17/48

2.80

78.0

6.27

7.27

8.02

9.32

60.94

3.89

4.80

3.53

4.35
TESTS INDIANA. 107

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Volatile matter. . .. 

Fixed carbon. 

Ash................

Sulphur............

Test 158.

8.81. 

38.98 

43. 37 

8.84

100.00 

3. 07

Test 164.

10.74 

37. 78 

41.27 

10. 21

100.00 

3.92

Test 170.

9.37 

38.40 

41.18 

11.05

100. 00 

4.17

Ultimate.

Ash ..............

Test 158.

72.37 

5.10 

7.49 

1.33 

4.02 

9.69

100. 00

Test 104.

70.01 

4.88 

8.03 

1.25 

4.39 

11.44

100. 00

Test 176.

69. 21 

4.82 

7.94 

1.24 

4.60 

12.19

100. 00

° Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 51, Indiana No. 7 A.

Size as shipped, lump, egg, and nut. Sizo as used, over 1 inch, 69 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 13 

per cent; £ inch to fc inch, 7 per cent; under J inch, 11 per cent. Duration of test, 45 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 198.1

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot.............................................................. 158.5

Total coal fired....................................................................... .pounds.. 13,650

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 51.

Per electrical horsepower:

 Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower: .

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.61

1.53

1.37

1.30

1.74

1.65

1.47

1.40

Dry 

coal.

1.49

1.41

1.26

1.20

1.60

1.52

1.36

1.26

Combustible.

1.32

1.25

1.12

1.06

1.42

1.35

1.20

1.14

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Test 51.

7.73

- 39. 19

42. 47

10.61

100. 00

5.20

Gas by volume.

Test 51.

8.2

22.2

11.9

3.2

54.5

100.0
108 1* SI* AT IONS OF FUEL-TESTINC4 PLANT LN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 11.4, Indiana No. 7 A.

Size as shipped, lump, egg, and nut. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Jtiiw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 14,000

Washed coal...............................................................................do.... 12,240

Refuse.............................................................................. do.... 1,760

ANALYSES.

Raw coal.

Moisture....................................................................... 8.90 10.10

Volatile matter................................................................ 38.52

Fixed carbon.................................................................. v 43.37

Ash.................................................................'.......... ' 9.21 7.89

Sulphur........................................................................ 3. 74 3.24

COKING TEST. 

Test 13, Indiana No. 7 A, waslied.

Size as shipped, lump, egg, and nut. Size as used, finely crushed. Duration of test, 112 hours.. 

Coal charged...........................................................................pounds.. 12,240

Coke produced............................................................................. do.... 6,993

Breeze produced...........................................................................do.... 040

Coke produced.........................................................................per cent.. 57.13

Breeze produced..........................................................................do.... 5.23

Total percentage yield..................................................................... 02. 30

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Somewhat brittle. High ash and sulphur.

ANALYSES.

Test 13. 

Coal. Coke.

Moisture. ........................................................................... 10.33 . 1.13

Volatile matter.......................................................'............. 38.35 2.35

Fixed carbon...................................................................... 42.93 83.23

Ash................................................................................ 8.39 13.29

Sulphur............................................................................ 3.12 2.69

INDIANA NO. 8.

Bituminous coal from Deep Vein mine, Deep Vein Coal Company, 2 miles west of Terre 

Haute, Vigo County, Ind., on the Vandalia Railroad.

The sample for testing was shipped as lump coal, which at this mine is run over a 1^-inch 

bar screen. The coal was inspected by Inspector J. W. Groves, and was used in making 

washing test No. 118 steaming tests Nos. 182,183, and 185, steam ing test on washed coal 

No. 184, and producer-gas test No. 57.

Two mine samples were taken. No. 1828 came from room 8 off the fourth south entry on 

the east side, 700 feet southeast of the shaft, and No. 1829 came from the sixth west entry on 

the north side, 800 feet northwest of the shaft.
TESTS INDIANA. 109

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

1 Ash. ......'...........................................................

Owfon

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1828 

7.40

10.08 

37.17 

39.91

12.24 

4.38

0,250 

11,201

1829 

8.00

11.13 

30.80 

41.80 

10.21. 

3. 70

Car 

sample.

2037 

4.00

9. 55 

30. 19 

43.05 

10.01 

3.72 

5.49 

04.08 

1.08 

15.02

0,533 

11,759

STEAMING TESTS.

Tost 182, Indiana No. 8.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, >vcr linen, 

30.5 percent; A inch to 1 inch, 23.1 percent; \ inch 

to i inch, 10.7 per cent; under } inch J9.7 per cent. 

Duration of test, 9.98 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

'J'«;st, 183, Indiana No. 8.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

39.5 per cent; -i inch to 1 inch, 23.3 per cent; { inch 

to i- inch, 13.4 per cent; under \ inch, 23.8 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

Test 185, Indiana No. 8.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 inch, 

27.7 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 21.4 per cent; -J inch 

to £ inch, 17.2 per cent; under J inch, 33.7 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

Test 184, Indiana No. 8, washed.

Size as shipped, lump. Si-/.^ ".s.i'sed, over 1 inch, 

20.1 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 29.9 per coin, jJnch 

to 4 inch, 24.3 per cent, under \ inch, 25.7 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

'MISCBLLAN EOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of 

pounds

. U. per pound dry coal. .

...................do....

...... ...:... ........°F..

grate surface per hour,

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour . . ....... .noiinds. .

Percentage of rated horsepower of 1 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212°

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour.

D ry coal :

pound of coal as fired,

F.:

...................do....

...................do....

............. ...pounds.. 

...................do....

....................do....

...................do....

Test 182.

12,838

0.49 

.10 

2,384

19.78

3.22 

90.2

0.34

7.38 

8.15 

9.52 

01.31

3.83 

4.73

3.47 

4.28

Test 183^

12,587

0.41 

.13

2,279

17.24

2.88 

80.7

6. 43

7.48 

8.30 

0.85 

04. 14

3.78 

4.07

3.38 

4.18

Test 185.

12,022

0.51 

.10 

2,304

19. 03

3.18 

89.0

6.24

7.28 

8.10 

9.63 

01.97

3.89 

4.80

3.49 

4.31

Test 184.

13,091

0.43 

. 10 

2,354

19.78

3.40 

97.0

6.01

7.72 

8.70 

9.94 

04.02

3.06 

4.52

3.23 

3.99
110 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash...........................................................

Ultimate.

Ash...........................................................

Tost 182.

42.33

1 1 . 37

100.00 

4.05

4.83

7.11

1.18

4.47

12.55

100.00

Test 183.

10.54

35. 48

41.40

 12.52

100.00 

4.22

08. 42

4.73

G.98

1.15

4.72

14.00

100.00

Test 185.

10. 12

41.44

12.89

100.00 

3.54

08.80

4.76

7.00

1.16

3.94

14. 34

100.00

Test 184.

11.87

37.17

41.67

9.29

100.00 

2.87

72..S7

5.01

7.39

1.23

3.20

10.54

100.00

a Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 57, Indiana No. 8.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as us?:'., <.-v... i iucii, /» per cent; A inch to 1 inch, 9 per cent; £ inch to i 

inch, 5 per cent;- v.nclor $ inch, 8 per cent. Duration of test, 5'J hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 200.2

Average B. T. U. gas. per cubic foot .................................. ......................... 151.5

Total coal fired ........................................................................pounds.. 15,300

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER 1JOUR).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes. ................". .... .

Developed at switch board .......'.................... .

Per brake horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes ...................... .

Developed at engine.. ................................... . . .

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes ....

Developed at switch board. ... ............... . .

Per brake horsepower: 

Available fo~ outside purposes. ............... . .

Devclorjcd at engine...................................... . .

Coal as 

fired.

1.61

1.53

1'.37

1.30

1.70

1.01

1.45

1:37

Test 57.

Dry coal.

1.39

1.24

1.18

1.54

1.46

1.31

1.24

Combustible.

1.22

j Q9

1.03

1.28

1.15

1 09
TESTS INDIANA. Ill

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.... .................................

Test 57.

9. 21

30.78

42. 06

11.35

100.00

3.80

Gas by volume.

Methane (Cli <) .........................

Test 57.

9.5

' 20:1

11.3

2.8

56.3

100. 0

WASHING TEST. 

Test 118, Indiana No. 8.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal .............................:............................................... .pounds.. 10,000

Washed coal ............................................................................ .-.do.... 35,080

Refuse .............................................................................. do.

ANALYSES.

920

Ash ................'............................................................

Test 118.

Raw coal.

9.55 

36.19 

43.65 

10.61 

3.72

Washed 

coal.

U.76

9.52 

3. 18

INDIANA NO. ».

Bituminous coal from Red Bird mine, Fauvre Coal Company, Macksville, Vigo County, 

Ind., on the Vandalia Railroad.

Two separate samples were shipped under the supervision of Inspector W. J. Vou Borries for testing purposes, as follows: Indiana No. 9 A consisted of lump coal which had 

been passed over a l|-inch screen. The following tests were made on this sample: Coking 

test No. 16, steaming tests Nos. 168 and 169, and producer-gas test No. 52. Indiana No. 

9 B was made up of run-of-mine coal. The tests made on this sample were washing test 

No. 117, coking tests Nos. 17 and 18, and steaming test No. 174.

Two mine samples were collected from the mine for chemical analysis. No. 1848 was 

taken in room IS off the fifth north entry, 900 feet north of the shaft, and No. 1849 from 

a point 2,000 feet N. 10° E., in the fourth east entry off the sixth north entry.
112 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEJIICAL ANALYSES.

JAsh... ....................................................

loriflc value determined:

Mine sample.

1848 

10.80

13. 73 

36. 54 

42. 08 

8.05 

3.00

1840 

11.00

14.33 

30.18 

42. 02 

8.47 

2.70

1

0,311

1 1 . ,'iliO

Cur sample A .

1973 

8.00

12.S2 

34. 80 

42. 08 

10.30 

3.27 

5.00 

CLIO 

1.03 

18.58

0,177 

11,119

Gar sample B.

I960 

10.70

. 13. 53 

( 34. 80 

40.01 

10. 7(1 

3.15 

5.78 

59.64 

1.00 

10.61

6,082 

10,948

STEAMING TESTS.

Teat 108, Indiana No. 0 A.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, overl inch, 

40.6 per cent; & inch to 1 inch, 24.2 per cent; J inch 

to i inch, 15 per cent; under J inch, 20.2 per cent. 

Duration of test, 0.92 hours. Kind of grate, rocking.

T«st 160, Indian* No. !> A.

Size as shipped, lump. Size aa used, over 1 inch, 

31.2 per cent; & inch to 1 inch, 21.6 per cent; Jinch

to J inch, 16 per cent; under \ inch, 31.2 per cent. 

Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

Test 174, Indiana No. !) 1*.

oi/.c as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch 23.8 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 21.7 per cent: 

J inch to i inch, 18.2 per cunt; under £ inch, 36.3 per 

cent. Duration of test, 6.7 hours. Kind.of grate, 

plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

\

Force of draft:

aid dry coal..

........do.-...

.......... °F..

tionnrls

Equivalent, water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour . . ....... . . . . . ....... . _ nnunrls

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired. 

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Efficiency of boiler, Including grate.. ..................... 

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

.. ...pounds.. 

........do....

.]......do....

........do....

....percent..

........do....

........do....

........do....

Test 108.

12, 181

.53 

.12 

2,340 

23.87

3. 02 

101. 4 

6.37

7.44 

8.45 

10.17 

60.99

3.80 

4.00

3.35 

4.14

Teat 169.

12,447

.49 

.13 

2,230 

21.13

3.26 

91.5 

6.46

7.54 

8.02 

10.18 

06.88

3.76 

4.63

3.28 

4.05

Test 174.

12,740

.60 

.15 

2,064 

19.19

3.14 

87.0 

6.23

7.24 

8J9 

' 9.50 

62.08

3.01 

4.82

3.46 

4.26
TESTS INDIANA. 113

ANALYSES.

J'roxi'inate.

Volatile matter. . ..

Ash ................

Sulphur... .........

'Pest 1CS.

34.70

39.88

13.37

100. 00

3.82

Test 109.

34.80

40.73

11 94

100. 00

3.52

Test 174.

U Pi9

30.33

41.33

10.72

100. 00

2.95

Ultimate.

Ash ...............

Test 108.

00.85

4.04

7.80

1 19

15.19

100.00

Test 109.

08.40

4.74

8.03

1.10

13.05

100. 00

Test 174.

09.48

4.98

8

0,1

1 9'*

O. i}*X

12.13

100. 00

« Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 52, Indiana No. 0 A.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, over 1 inch, 78 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 10 percent; 

.1 inch to \ inch, 5 per cent; under } inch, 7 per cent. Duration of test, 45 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 195.8

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 151.8

Total coal fired, pounds.......................................................................... 15,450

COAl, CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER MOUll).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.84

1.75

1.57

1.49

1.94

1.84

1.05

1.57

Test 52.

Dry coal.

1.61

1.53

1.37

1.30

1.70

1.61

1.44

1.37

Combustible.

i /n

1 91

1.15

 1.50

1.43

1.27

1.21

Coal.

Test 52.

12.52

30.13

41.25

10.10

100. 00

2.70

Gas by volume.

Meth'ane (CH«) .........................

Test 52.

10.0

18.0

11.5

2.8

57.1

100.00

Bull. 290-06 8
114 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 117, Indiana No. 9 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Haw coal.............................................................................pounds... 18,000

Washed coal..............................................................................do.... 15,460

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 2,540

ANALYSES.

Ash ............................................................................

Sulphur. . ......................................................................

Test 117.

Raw coal .

13.53 

34.80 

40.91 

10. 76 

3.15

Washed 

coal.

14.55

8.14 

2.56

COKING TESTS.

Test 16. Indiana No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 90 ho.urs.

Coal charged.................... .pounds.. 1.2,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,034

Breeze produced....................do...., -155

Coke produced..................per cent.. 58.62

Breeze produced...................do.... 3.79

Total percentage yield.............. 62.41

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Somewhat brittle. H-igh ash and sulphur.

Test 17, Indiana No. 9 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 112 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,006

Breeze produced....................do.... 464

Coke produced..................percent.. 58.38

Breeze produced....................do.... 3. 87

Total percentage yield.............. 62.25

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fingered 

coke. Heavy. High ash and sulphur.

Test 18, Indiana No. 9 B, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Duration of test, 90 hours. 

Coal charged......................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 6,915

Breeze produced....................do.... 442

Coke produced..................per cent.. 57.63

Breeze produced...................do.... 3.68

Total percentage yield.............. 61.31

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Coal 

needs oven with bottom flues. Of 3 charges of 

Indiana No. 9 none could be made to coke 

entirely to bottom. High ash and sulphur. Not 

much, improved by washing.

ANALYSES.

Ash......................................

SulrThur. .................................

Test 16.

Coal.

12.30 

34.96 

41.62 

11.12 

3.41

Coke.

0.81 

2.00 

78.74 

18.45 

3.' 41

Test 17.

Coal.

12.51 

35.65 

40.48 

11.36 

3.26

Coke.

0.68 

2.85 

78.44 

18.03 

3.50

Test 18.

Coal.

14.14 

36.70 

40.90 

8.26 

2.61

Coke.

0.91 

.97 

84.60 

 13.52 

2.;4
TESTS INDIANA. 115

INDIANA NO. 10.

Bituminous coal from mine of Park County Coal Company, Rosedale, Park County, Ind., 

on the Vandalia Railroad.

A sample of lump coal (over 1^-inch diamond bar screen) was shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves and was used in making washing test No. 116, steaming 

test No. 167, and steaming test on washed coal No. 177.

Of the two mine samples taken, No. 1853 is from the sixteenth south entry, 3,000 feet 

southeast of the shaft, and No. 1854 is from the eighteenth north entry, 3,000 feet northeast 

of the shaft.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. .

Proximate. > £Ultimate. o 

1 Ash .................................................................

loriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

1853 

8. GO

11.54 

39.49 

39.35 

 9.62 

4.41

6,475 

11,655

1854 

9.00

12.26 

38. C2 

40.80 

8.32 

4.71

Car 

sample.

1979 

8.10

10.72 

39.29 

41. 42 

8.57 

3.83 

5.86 

. 03. 48 

. 1.16 

17.10

6,537 

11,767

STEAMING TESTS. 

Test 167, Indiana No. 10. Test 177, Indiana No. 10, washed.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 27.5 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 25.8 per cent; 

1 inch to $ inch, 19.2 per cent; under J inch, 27.5 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.05 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 20.2 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 33.6 per cent; 

£ inch to J inch, 24.6 per cent; under J inch, 15.6 

per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

per pound dry coal..

..................do..

............ ......°F..

tinnnds

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds. ..................... ...... ...... .... ... ............------.-..

Percentage of rated -horsepower of boiler developed ........

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of dry coal .............................. ....

Per pound of combustible ...............................

Efficiency of boiler, including grate .........................

................do....

................do....

................do....

............percent..

Test 167.

12,866

0.60 

.18 

2,201 

22.85

3.55 

99.4 

6.63

7.74 

8.66 

10.01 

65.00

Test 177.

13, 595

' 0.45 

.09 

2,473 

23. 05

3.76 

105.3 

6.25

7.27 

8.17 

8.89 

58.03
116 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

Test 107. Test 177.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour......................................pounds.. 3.05 3.89

Per electrical horsepower hour................................."........ .do.... 4.51 4. i

D ry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour..........................................do.... 3.27 3.40

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.... 4.03 4.27

ANALYSES.

Test 167. Test 177. Test 167. Test 177.

Proximate. Ultimate.

Moisture...................... 10.60 10.98 Carbona..................... 69.32 73.54

Volatile matter............... 37.90 41.13 Hydrogena.................. 5.10 5.40

Fixed carbon................. 41.34 41.65 Oxygen a.. .................. 8.25 8.78

Ash........................... 10.10 0.24 Nitrogen o.................... 1.26 1.34

 Sulphur..................... 4.71 3.93

100.00 100.00 Ash ......................... 11.30 7.01

Sulphur....................... 4.21 3.50 ______'_____

	100.00 i 100.00

« Figured from car sample.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 110, Indiana No. 1O.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 18,000

'Washed coal............................................................................. .do.... 15,300

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 2,700

ANALYSES.

Test 110. 

Raw c

Moisture....................................................................... 10.72 10.67

Volatile matter................................................................ 39.29

Fixed carbon.................................................................. 41.42

Ash... .......................................................................... 8. 57 6.15

Sulphur........................................................................ 3.83 3.34

INDIANA NO. 11.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 4, Island Coal Company, Dugger, Sullivan County, Ind., 

on the Vandalia Railroad.

The sample was shipped as lump coal (over 1^-inch and 3-inch screens) and loaded under 

the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves. It was used in making coking test No. 51; steaming tests Nos. 233, 234, and 235, and producer-gas test No. 61.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis, one of which, No. 1883, was from room 

1, first west entry, 600 feet northwest of the shaft, and the other, No. 1884, from room 8, 

first east entry, 500 feet northeast of the shaft.
TESTS INDIANA. 117

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

J Ash .................................................................

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

' 1883 

]O.GO

14. 23 

33.04 

47.01 

5.72 

.89

6,512

11,722

1884 

9.00

12. 62 

34. 92 

45.48 

0.98 

2.35

Car 

sample.

2087 

. 4.00

12. 15 

33. 48 

40. 23 

8.14 

1.41 

5.40 

64.92 

1.38 

18.09

0,534 

11,701

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 233, Indiana No. 11.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 27.4 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 25.1 percent; 

J inch to $ inch, 18.0 per cent; under J inch, 28.9 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.05 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test, 234, Indiana No. 11.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch, 22.1 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 19.9 per cent;

J inch to i inch, 19.2 per cent; under | inch, 38.8 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.02 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 235, Indiana No. 11.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over 1 

inch 20.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, .19 per cent; 

J inch to i inch, 19.4 per cent; under Jinch, 40.8 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.95 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 233. Test 234.

Heating value of coal.................... B. T. U. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack clamper.................................. .inch water..

Above fire....................................................do. ..

Furnace temperature...............................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.......pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour..................................................... pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.. ....pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Per pound of coal as fired....................................do....

Per pound of dry coal........................................do....

Per pound of combustible....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate........................... .per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour...............................do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

 Per electrical horsepower hour.............................. .do....

13,423

0V 51

.11

2,577

22.80

3.00

102.5

0.01

7.88 

8- 94 

9.98 

04. 32

3.59

4.43

3.10

3.91

13,333

0.48

.12

2,378

20.22

3.00

91.4

0.71

7.99

8.99

10.00

65.11

3.54

4.37

3.15

3.89

13,473

0. 50

.15

2,494

21.18

3.43

90.1

0.06

7.94

9.03

10.00

04. 72

3. 50

4.40

3. 13

3.87
118 OPEBATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash. ...............

Tost 233.

11.93

33.01

47.16

7.90

100. 00

1.50

Test 234.

11.15

33. 18

47.23

8.44

100. 00

1.58

Test 235.

12.14

31. 29

48.83

7.74

100. 00

1.28

Ultimate.

Ash...............

Test 233.

74.07

4.69

8.99

1.58

1.70

8.97

100.00

Test 234.

73. 55

4.66

8.95

1. 56

9.50

100. 00

Test 235.

. 74.38

4.71

9.06

1.58

8.81

100. 00

n Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 61, Indiana No. 11.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, not determined. Duration cf test, 40 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.....................................................:............. 200.2

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 147.1

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 12,750

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.68

1.43

1. 35

1.83

1 71

1.56

1.47

Dry coal.

1.46

1 *?Q

1.25

1.18

1.59

1.51

.1.35

1.28

Combustible.

1.32

1 25

1.13

LOG

1.44

1. 36

1 99

1.16

Test 61.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Test 61.

13.03

32.52

46.19

8.26

100. 00 

1.68

Gas by volume.

Test 61.

10.6

18.3

13 9

3.1

54.1

- 100.0
TJE&TS INDIANA AND KA.NSAS. 119

COKING TEST. 

Test 51, Indiana.No. 11.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used,.finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Coal changed""...........................................................................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced.............................................................................do.... 6, COO

Breeze produced..........................................................................do.... 460

Coke produced ........................................................................per cent.. 55.00

B reeze produced..........................................................................do.... 3.83

Total percentage yield...................................................................... 58.83

Remarks Fine-fingered coke. Sulphur and ash high. Washing would probably reduce both and 

make a good grade of coke.

ANALYSES.

« -

Ash................................................................................

Coal.

11.90

32.50

46.94

8.66

1.53

Coke.

1.55

1.66

84.09

12.70

1.34

KANSAS NO. 5.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 11, Southwestern Development Company, West Mineral, Kans., on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway.

This sample was shipped in 1904 by M. R. Campbell, of the United States Geological 

Survey, and consisted of.coal that had been passed over a five-eighths inch screen. During 

the Exposition period a steaming test was made on this coal a, and at the beginning of 1905 

producer-gas test No. 25 was run.

Mine samples were taken at widely separated points in the mine, the analyses of which 

are given under Nos. 1411 and 1413. ,

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Moisture .............................................................

O v vpr»n

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1411 

3.20

5.11 

32.60 

53. 39 

8.90 

4.34

7,181

12,926

1413 

4.30

5.79 

32.34- 

49. 32 

12. 65* 

3.84

Car 

sample.

1567 

2.30

4.10 

31.65 

53.71 

10.54 

3.77 

5.10 

70.25 

1.06 

9.28

7, 164 

12.. 895

« See Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261, 1905, p. 81.
120 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST: 

Test 35, Kansas No. 5.

Size as shipped, over f inch. Duration of test, 30 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 208.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 128.9

Total coal flrcd,pounds........................................................................... 8,(150

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 25.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.46

1.39

» 1. 24

1.18

1 65

1.57

1.40

1.33

Dry coal.

1.40

1.33

1.19

1.13

1.58

] r>0

1.34

1.27

Combustible.

1.25

1.19

1.06

1.01

1.41

1.34

1.20

1.14

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash............................:........

Test 25.

4.23

31. 49

10. 19

100.00

3.18

Gas by volume.

Methane (CHO ........................

Test 25.

9.1

15.5

3.1

61.2

 .3

100.0

KENTUCKY NO. 1."

Bituminous coal from mine No. 2, Straight Creek Coal and Coke Company, Straight 

Creek, Bell County, Ky., on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

Two samples of coal were shipped from this mine under the supervision of Inspector 

J. W. Groves, as follows: Kentucky No. 1 B consisted of half 3-inch and 1-inch coal and 

half three-fourths inch coal, and was used in making producer-gas test No. 79 and coking 

test No. 76. Kentucky No. 1 C consisted of l|-inch slack coal, and the tests made on this 

sample were as follows: Coking test No. 1\ and steaming tests Nos. 255, 263, and 265.

Two mine samples were taken from this mine for chemical analysis. No. 2350 was taken 

in room 99 off the main entry, 3,000 feet northeast of the drift mouth, and No. 2351 was 

taken in room 48 off the fourth north butt entry, 3,600 feet from the drift mouth.

a For tests made during 1904 sec Bull. U. S. Gcol. Survey No. 261,1905, pp. 81,126,159.
TESTS KENTUCKY. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

121

r-drying loss. ..................... ..... ........

f Ash ............................................................. ...

{Sulphur ..............................................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine s

2350 

1.50

3.42

35. 90

r>7 r>()

3.18

1.53

7,980 

14,375

uuples.

2351 

1.20

3. 2.r> 

30. OS 

57. 74 

2.93 

.91

Car 

sample.

2445 

3.70

5.21. 

33. 47 

53. 10 

8.22 

1.12 

5.28 

13.08 

1.67 

10.03

7,341 

13,214

STEMMING TESTS.

Test 255, Kentucky No. 1 C.

Size as shipped, IJ-inch slack. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 21.1 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 2G.7 per 

cent; Jinch to Jinch, 20.0 per cent; under J inch, 

32.2 per cent. Duration of test, 8.13 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 203, Kentucky No. I C.

Size as shipped, IJ-inch slack. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 18.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 22.2 per

cent; \ inch to J inch, 21.2 per cent; under J inch 

38.2 per cent. Duration of test, 9.98 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking

Test 205, Kentucky No. 1 C.

Size as shipped, IJ-inch slack. Size as used, 

over 1 inch 35.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 24.4 per 

cent; i inch to 4 inch, 17.0 percent; under J inch, 

22.S per ecu t. Duration of test, 0.83 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

MISCELLAN EOUS ITEMS.

Test 255. Test 203. Test 205.

Heating value of coal....... . ............B.T. U. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper...................................inch water..

Ab'ove fire....................................................do....

Furnace temperature .............................................° F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.......pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour.....................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed........'.............

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...... pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired....................................do....

Per pound of dry coal........................................do.,..

Per pound-of "combustible.................................:. .do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

'Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour...............................do.,..

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour...............................do.,..

14,414

0.44 

.12

17.73

3.30

92.7

7.53

8.94

9.34

10.08

02.58

3.10

3.91

3.03

3.74

.14,272.

0.47 

.23

10.02

2.82

78.9

7.82

9.38

9.81

10.83

00.38

3.01

3. 72

2.S8 

3. f.O

14,245

0.40

.13

2,118

14.43

2.70

77.2

7.74

9.18

9.57

10.44

04.88

2.95

3.05
OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash. ...............

Test 255.

4.26

34.48

55.70

5.56

100. 00

.87

Test 203.

4.45

34. 51 

54.72

6.32

100. 00

.98

Test'265.

4.14

33.92

55. 40

6.54

100.00

.98

Ultimate.

Ash...............

Test 255.

79.78

5.14

6.54

1.82

5.81

100.00

Test 263.

78.98

5.08

6.49

1.80

6.62

100. 00

Test 205.

78.82

5.07

6.47

1.80

1.02 

6.82

100. 00

a Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 79, Kentucky No. 1 B.

Size as shipped, \ inch to 3 inches. Size as used, over 1 inch, 94 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 5 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 1 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................. ..................... ........................... 190.9

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 106. 5

Total coal fired .................................;......................................pounds.. 13,050

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 79.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

. 1. 40

1.33

1.19

1.13

1.49

1.41

1.26

1.19

Dry 

coal.

1.37

1.29

1.16

1.10

1.45

1.37

 1.23

1.16

Combustible.

1 CO

1 9^

1.12

1.06

1.40

1.32

1 1Q

1.12

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 79.

2.61

36.29

57.73

3.37

100 00

.83

Gas by volume.

Test 79.

9.2

20.3

H o

 3.5

CO Q

100. 00
TESTS KENTU OKY. 123

COKING TESTS.

Test 70, Kentucky No. 1 U.

Size as shipped, J inch to 3 inches. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. .Duration of test, 51 hours. 

Coal charged.................... .pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced.....................do.... 8,020

Breeze produced....................do ... 257

Coke produced..................percent.. 60.88

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.14

Total percentage yield.............. 69.02

Remarks. Fine-fingered coke. Light gray, silvery, somewhat brittle. High yield due to deposited carbo.n.

Test 71; Kentucky No. 1. C.

Size as shipped, li inches slack. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, (14hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,319

Breeze produced................... .do.... 355

Coke produced..................per cent.. 60.99

Breeze produced.................... .do.... 2.96

Total percentage yield.............. 63.95

Remarks. Light gray, with some little deposited carbon. Good coke. Washing would probably reduce ash and improve quality of coke.

ANALYSES.

Ash...........................................................

Test 76.

Coal.

3.55

55. 88 

5.08 

' 1.17

Coke.

0.93 

. 1.25 

91.40 

6.42 

1.05

Test 71.

Coal.

5.C4 

32.41. 

52. 77 

9.18 

1.11

Coke.

1.32 

 1.53 

84.68 

12.47 

.96

KENTUCKY 3STO. 5.

Bituminous coal from Gilliam's Rockhouse prospect, Interstate Investment Company, 

on Big Black Mountain; Harlan County, Ky., 15 miles from the Louisville and Nashville 

Railroad.

This was a sample of run-of-mine coal that was mined from a small prospect hole on 

the outcrop and hauled in wagons to the railroad under the supervision of Inspector J. S. 

Burrows. The following tests were made on this sample: Coking test No. 75, steaming 

tests nos. 276 and 277, and producer-gas test No. 81.

Three samples for chemical analysis were obtained by the inspector from this deposit of 

coal, which is locally known as the "High Splint bed," as follows: No. 2271 was taken from 

a prospect hole 1 mile south of Gilliam's Rockhousej No. 2272 from the face of Gilliam's 

Rockhouse prospect hole, 25 feet from the outcrop; and No. 2270 was selected from a 

quantity of weathered coal lying in the ravine below the point from which No. 2271 was

taken.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

lorific value determined: G

Mine samples.

2271. 

2.10

4.45 

36.27 

56.05 

3.23 

.54

2272 

2.50

4.72 

35. 74 

57. 06 

2.48 

.54

2270 

2.20

4.32 

30.04 

57. 36 

2.28 

.48

7,845 

14,121

Car 

sample.

2528 

2.80

4.36 

35.02 

50. 92 

3.70, 

.67 

5.16 

77.44 

1.57 

11.46

7,735 

13,923
124 OPEBATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

STEAMING TESTS. 

Test 276, Kentucky No. 5. Test 277, Kentucky No. 5.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 67.5 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 11.6 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 7.4 per cent; under J inch, 13.5 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.78 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 54.4 percent; £ inch to 1 inch, 14.7 percent; 

i inch to J inch, 11.8 per cent; under } inch, 19.1 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.30 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

U. per pound dry coal. .

..................do.:..

....................°F..

..nniinds .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds . . . . ................. - - ................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired. 

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

. .........'. ...pounds.. 

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

Test 276.

14,571

0.45 

.15 

2,799 

21. 98

3.98

111.6 

8.01

9.63 

10.10 

10.62 

66.94

2.94 

3.63

2.80 

3.46

Test 277.

14,510

0.36

 .08

15:39

3.20 

89.7 

8.28

9. 86 

]0.42 

11. 13 

69.35

2.87 

3.54

2.71 

3.35

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash..........................

Test 27li.

4.72 

34.96

56.57 

3.75

100. 00 

.48

Test 277.

5.40 

34. 57 

56.06 

3.97

100,00 

.63

Ultimate.

Ash..........................

Test 276.

81.08 

4.90

7.93

1.65 

.50 

3.94

100. 00

Test 277.

SO. 72 

4.87 

7.90 

1.64 

.67 

4.20

100.00

"Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 81, Kentucky No. 5.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 71 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 10 percent; 

J inch to J inch, 8 per cent; under J inch, 11 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.........................................;......................... 198.2

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 163.2

Total coal fired....................... ......... . .....................................pounds.. 12,900
TESTS K ENT U C K Y. 125

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER ( POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes. ..........................

For brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes. .....................................

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine .................................................

Coal as 

fired.'

1.38

1.30

1.18

1.11

1.47

1.39

1.25

1.18

Test 81.

Dry 

coal.

1.33

1.25

1.13

1.07

1.42

.1.33

1.20

1.13

Combustible.

1.28

1.20

1/08

1.02

1.36

1.28

1.15

 1.08

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test SI.

3.75

36.05

5G. 17

4.03

100. 00

0.47

Gas by volume. 

Carbon dioxide (C02 ) ..................

Methane (CHi) .........................

Test SI.

8.8

21.0

14.9

3.4

51.9

100.0

COKING TEST. 

Test 75, Kentucky No. 5.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed.- Raw. Duration of test, 49 hours. 

Coal charged............................................................................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced............................................................................do.... 7,993

B reezc produced...........................................................................do.... 256

Coke produced........................................................................per cent.. 66.61

Breeze produced........................................................... ^.............!.. do.... 2.13

Total percentage yield..................................................................... 68.74

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fine heavy coke. High yield due to deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

'

Ash.............................................:..................................

Test 75.

Coal.

4. (17 

35.33 

56.30 

3.70 

.45

Coke.

0.30 

1.21 

93.20 

5.23 

.41
126 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN J905.

KENTUCKY NO. 0.

Bituminous coal furr.iched by Justus Collins, of Charleston, W. Va., from Miller Creek 

country bank, 5 miles southeast of Paintsville, Johnson County, Ky., 7 miles from the 

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal, which was loaded in wagons and hauled to 

the railroad under the supervision of Inspector W. J. Von Borries. It was used in making 

coking tests Nos. 86 and 90, steaming tests Nos. 270 and 271, and producer-gas test No. 85.

Two mine samples were taken from tins country bank for chemical analysis. No. 2405 

was from the first right entry, 100 feet west of the drift mouth; No. 2406 was taken on the 

main entry, 140 feet west of the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

JAsh ..................................................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2405 

'4.50

6.95 

35.03 

55.99 

2.03

.48

7,604 

13, 687

2406 

4.20

6.52 

34.42 

56.80 

2.26 

.45

Car sample.

2592 

2.20

5.12 

36.49 

55.63 

2.76 

.57 

5.47 

77.20 

3.45 

12.55

7,635 

13,743

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 270, Kentucky No. .6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 62.6 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 16.5 per cent; 

J inch to $ inch, 9.4 per cent; under J inch, 11.5 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 271, Kentucky No. 6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 62.2 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 14.1 per cent; 

\ inch to 4 inch, 7.6 per cent; under \ inch, 16.1 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

per pound dry coal. .

................do....

..................°F..

nounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per 

nqur. ........................................................ .. ...... .nounds..

Water evaporated irom and at 212°-F.:

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ........................

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

............percent..

Test 270.

14, 445

0.37 

.08 

2,412 

16.03

3.19 

89.4 

7.91

9.50 

9.96 

10.42 

66.59

Test 271.

14, 512

0.35 

.05 

2,426 

15.86

3.12 

87.6 

7.83

9.37 

9.86 

10.33 

65.61
TESTS KENTUCKY. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

127

^

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

.........'....do.:..

......'.......do....

.............do....

Test 270.

2.98

3.GS

2.84

3.51

Test 271.

3.73

2.87

3.54

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Volatile niaitur. ..............

Ash...........................

Test 270.

4.09

35. 63

3.12

100.00

.44

Test 271.

5.01

36.23

2.67

100.00

.48

Ultimate.

Hydrogen a. . ................

Ash .........................

Test 270.

81. 18

5.16

8.41

1.52

.46

3.27

100. 00

Test 271.

81.53

5.19

8.43

1.53

.51

2.81

100.00

a Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test. 85, Kentucky No. C.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 73 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 11 per cent; \ inch 

to J inch, 5 per cent; under | inch, 11 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 199.5

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 176.0

Total coal fired........................................................................pounds.. 12,600

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.34

1.26

1.14

1.07

1.42

1.33

1.20

1.13

Dry coal.

1.28

1.21

1.09

1.03

1.35

1.27

1.15

1.08

Combustible.

1.24

1.16

1.05

.99

1.30

1.23

1.11

1.04

Test 85.
128 OPERATIONS Ob1 FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash .....................................

Test 85.

4.49

36.82

55.28

3.41

100. 00 

.51

Gas by volume.

Mothane (CH4 ) .........................

Test 85.

7.7

23.6

16.6

2.9

49.2

100.0

COKING TESTS.

Test 8G, Kentucky No. 0.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 56 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced...................... do.... 6,780

Breeze produced....................do..... 587

Coke produced..................per cent.. 56.50

Breeze produced....................do.... 4.89

Total percentage yield............... 61. 39

Remarks. Light gray and silvery, with i-inch 

black butts. Fine-fingered coke. Could not burn 

coal to coke without butts. Very hard to burn.

Test i)O, Kentucky No. 0.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 55 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 6,659

Breeze produced....................do.... 447

Coke produced..................per cent.. 55. 49

Breeze produced....................do..... 3.73

Total percentage yield............... 59. 22

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. One-half 

inch black butts could not be remedied, though 

this test is better than No. 86. Fine-fingered 

coke.

ANALYSES.

Ash . . .........................................................

Sulphur. . ...... ..................I'............................

Test 86.

Coal.

5.21 

36.82 

. 55.62 

2.35 

.51

Coke.

2.81 

1.27 

91.93 

3.99 

 .40

Test 90.

Coal.

5.42 

36.82 

55.30 

2.46

.48

Coke.

1.64 

1.69 

92.26 

4.41 

.37

KENTUCKY NO. 7.

Bituminous coal from Central mine, Central Coal and Iron Company, Central City, 

Muhlenberg County, Ky., on the Illinois Central Railroad.

This sample was shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves, and consisted 

of "standard lump" coal over 1^-inch bar screen. The sample was used for making coking 

test No. 85, steaming tests Nos. 278 and 279, and producer-gas test No. 84.

Mine samples taken for chemical analysis were as follows: No. 2453 was taken from the 

face of room 43 ofl' the fourteenth north entry, 1| 'miles northeast of the shaft; No. 2454 

was taken from room 9 off the fourteenth south entry, 1| miles south of the shaft.
TESTS KENTUCKY. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

129

1 Ash. .................................................................

Nitrogen

Mine samples.

2453 

5.70

8. 70 

35.02 

40. 80 

9. 42 

4.07

Oxygen. . ........................................................................

ilorific value determined:

6,047

11,965

2454 

3.90

8.75 

34.00 

46.48 

10.77 

3.69

Car sample..

2595 

3.00

8.47 

35.24 

46.81 

9.48 

3.60 

5.24 

05.77 

1.2° 

14. C»

6,650 

11,986

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 278, Kentucky No. 7.

Size as shipped, standard lump. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 26.S per cent; .4 inch to 1 inch, 24.7 per 

cent; \ inch to $ inch, 20.6 per cent; under J inch, 

27.9 percent. Duration of test, 9.60 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking.

Test 279, Kentucky No. 7.

Size as shipped, standard lump. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 36.1 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 24.1 per 

cent; J inch to * inch, 7.4 per cent; under J inch, 

32.4 per cent. Duration of test, 9.22 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

per pound dry coal. . 

.........inch water..

................do....

.................°F..

nonnrls

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surfncc per 

hour . ..... ........................--..---..--- -Doiinds. .

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired. ... 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

.............pounds.. 

................do....

................do....

................do....

.............pounds..

................do....

................do....

.................do....

Test 278.

12, 564

0.37 

. .12

16.95

2.69 

 75.3 

0.07

8.01 

8.84 

10.44 

67.95

3.53 

4.30

3.20 

3.95

Test 279.

12,505

0.41 

.14 

1,983 

14.60

2.44 

08.4 

6.45

7.63 

8.38 

10.05 

64.71

3.71 

4.58

3.37 

4.17

Bull. 290 06 9
130 OPEKATION8 OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash...........................

Test 278.

9.39

33.27

45.49

11.85

100. 00

4.54

Test 279.

9.01

 33. 72

44.92

12.35

100.00

4.44

Ultimate.

Ash. ......... .............*..

Test 278.

. 68.66

4.49

7.42

1.34

5.01

13.08

100.00

Test 279.

68.36

4.47

7.39

1.33

4.88

13. 57

100.00

» Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 84, Kentucky iXo. 7.

Size as shipped, "standard lump." Size as used, over 1 inch, 73 per cent; Jinchtol inch, 14 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 6 per cent; under J inch, 7 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 195.5

Average B.T. U.gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 153.7

Total coal fired...........'............................................................. .pounds.. 15.300

COAL CONSUMED IN PKODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

. Developed at switch board ..........................................

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.66

1.57

1.41

1.33

 1.75

1.65

1.49

1.40

Dry. 

coal.

1 V)

1/43

1 29

1 60

1.51

1.36

1.29

Corribustible.

1.36

1.28

1.16

1.09

1.44

1.35

1.22

1.15

Test 84.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 84.

8.47

35.24

46.81

9.48

100. 00

3.60

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) .......'..................

Test 84.

9.6

10 9

13.1

3.1

55.0

100.0
TESTS KENTUCKY AND MARYLAND. 131

COKING TEST. 

Test 85, Kentucky No. 7.

Sine as shipped, "standard lump. " Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 40 hours. 

Coal charged .......................................................................... .pounds. . 12,000

Coke produced ........................................................................... .do. ... 0,865

Breeze produced ........................................................................ . .do. . . . 342

Coke produced ...............................................'...................!.... .per cent. . 57. 21

Breeze produced ......................................................................... .do. ... 2. P5

Total percentage yield ..................................................................... GO. 06

Remarks. Light gray silvery. Good weight coke. Contains large amount of hard clinker on top 

and through cracks. Ash and sulphur both high; might be improved by washing.

ANALYSES.

Test 85.

Volatile matter. .............................;.....................................

Ash................................................................................

Coal.

8.82

35.03

46. 78

9.37

3.56

Coke.

0.23

2. 16

82.97

14.64

3.16

MARYLAND NO. 1.

Bituminous coal from Washington No. 3 mine, Piedmont and Georges Creek Coal Company, 2 miles north of Westernport, Garrett County, Md., on the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

This sample of coal was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves, and 

 consisted of run of mine. It was used in making washing test No. 130, coking tests Nos. 

50, 54, and 58, steaming test No. 222, and steaming tests on washed coal Nos. 231 and 232.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 2018 was cut from 

the face of room 2, sixth right entry, 1,600 feet west of the drift mouth; No. 2019 was 

cut from the face, of room 3, off the eighth left entry, 1,900 feet southwest of the drift

mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

fAsh.................................................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2018 

1.80

2.47 

14.03 

73.95 

9.55 

1.23

7,696

13,853

2019 

2.50

3.45 

13.73 

71.97 

10.85 

1.60

Car sample.

2274 

1.40

2.33 

16. 11 

68:43 

13.13 

. 1.49 

3.99 

75.21 

1.29 

4.89

7,364 

13,255
132 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 222, Maryland No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 5.2 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 0.9 per cent; 

\ inch to J inch, 14.5 per cent; under J inch 73.4 

per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 231, Maryland No. 1, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 17.2 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 21.2 per cent;

\ inch to $ inch, 22.2 per cent; under J inch, 39.4 

percent. Duration of test,-9.95 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 232, Maryland No. 1, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 15.7 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 14.7 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 17.3 per cent; under J inch, 52.3 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of co 

Force of draft: 

Under stack dai

Furnace temperatui 

Dry coal used per sq 

Equivalent water e\

Percentage of rated 

Water apparently e 

Water evaporated f 

Per pound of co 

Per pound of dr 

Per pound of co 

Efficiency of boiler, 

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated he 

Per electrical ho 

Dry coal: 

Per indicated he 

Per electrical ho

il ..................

uare foot of grate su 

?aporated per square

horsepower of boile 

vaporated per pounc 

rom and at 212° F.:

..........................do....

................. ...........°F..

, foot of water-heating surface

I of coal as fired ..... .pounds. . 

..........................do....

..........................do....

...................... '..... do....

.........................do....

................... ......do....

.........................do....

Test 222.

13,680.

0.49 

.16 

2,129 

15.81

2.86 

SO.l 

 . 7.59

8.90 

9.06

1.0. 60 

63.96

3.18 

3.92

3.12 

3.85

Test 231.

13,946

0.46 

.11 

2,398 

19.67

3.42 

95.9 

7.86

9.34 

9.70 

11. 14 

67.17

' 3.03 

3.74

2:91 

3.60

Test 232.

14,033

0.41 

.12 

2,350 

19.42

3.32 

93.2

7.75

9.22 

9.55 

' 13.98 

65.72

3.07 

3.79

2.96 

3.66

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Volatile matter ....

Ash................

Sulphur............

Test 222. Test 231.

1. 84 3. 70 

14. 03 13. 96 

71.61 71.63 

12. 52 10. 71

100. 00 100. 00

Test 232.

Ultimate.

100- 00 Ash................

Test 222.

77.60 

3.85 

2.90 

1.34 

1.55 

12.76

Test 231.

79.52 

3.95 

2.97 

1.36 

1.08 

11.12

Test 232.

80.02 

3.97 

3.01 

1.38 

1.14 

10.48

a Figured from car sample.
TESTS MAEYLAND AND MASSACHUSETTS. 133

WASHING TEST. 

Test 130, Maryland No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 45,500

Washed coal..............................................................................do.... 37,450

Refuse...............................................................................do.

- ANALYSES.

Ash ............................................................................

Test 130.

Raw coal.

2.33 

16. 11 

08. 43

13. 13 

1.49

Washed 

coal.

3. 67

10.01 

1.09

COKING TESTS.

Test r,Q, Maryland No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 30 hours. 

Remarks. No coke produced.

Test 54, Maryland No. I, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used not 

crushed. -Duration of test, 48 hours. 

Remarks. No coke produced.

Test />8, Maryland No. 1, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used,

finely crushed. lOporcontpitchaddcd. Duration

of test, 54 hours.

Coal charged......................pounds.. 8,000

Coke produced.......................do.... 4,050

Breeze produced.....................do.... 5C5

Coke produced...................per cent.. 58.13

Breeze produced.....................do.... 7.00

Total percentage yield................ 05.19

Remarks* Dull-gray color. Very poor coke. 

Soft and dense. Breaks in largo, and small chunks.

ANALYSES.

Ash ................................................................................

Test 58.

Coal.

4.35 

17. 81

08. 80 

8.98

1.09

Coke.

0.27 

.88 

87.47 

11.38 

.95

. MASSACHUSETTS !NrO. 1.

Peat briquettes from bog near Halifax, Plymouth County, Mass. They were furnished 

by Prof. C. L. Norton, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass., and 

shipped under the supervision of J. S. Burrows.

This sample consisted of a small amount (less than 5 tons) of peat which had been macerated and pressed into bricks and then dried, and it was impossible to run a test of sufficient 

length to eliminate the factor of uncertainty. It was demonstrated, however, that a satisfactory gas could be obtained, and no trouble was experienced in manipulating the fuel 

bed or in maintaining the load, but owing to the small supply of peat it was necessary to 

make the. foundation of the fuel bed out of another fuel Illinois coal. Considering this 

fact and that the amount of peat furnished made it possible to conduct a test of only 

nine hours' duration, it is possible that the results as given below are somewhat erroneous.
OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

The figures are given, however, for what they are worth, as they furnish an approximate 

idea of the possibilities of peat fuel in the gas producer, although they can not be 

regarded as official results. It is impossible to tell exactly what portion of the gas was 

due to the Illinois coal and what portion to the peat alone.

The results of the tests of the Massachusetts peat were as follows:

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 97. Massachusetts No. 1. 

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................... 200.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot.................... ^............... ......................... 166.6

Total peat fired. ........................................................................ .pounds.. 6,480

PEAT CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 97.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Peat as 

fired.

3.77

3.60

3.20

3.06

Dry 

peat.

1.89

1.81

1.61

1.54

Combustible.

1.44

1.38

1.22

1.17

Peat.

Ash.....................................

Sulphur........... ....

Test 97.

49.80

27.27

10.88

12.05

100. 00

0.34

Gis by volume.

Methane (CH4 ) .........................

Nitrogen (Na)

Test 97.

10.5

22.5

13.9

2.1

100.0

In connection with this test of a small quantity of Massachusetts peat it is deenied advisable to refer briefly to a more elaborate test of peat bricks obtained from Florida, the results 

of which test have' been obtained in time to be mentioned here, although the test was run 

subsequent to the date covered by the body of the report. In the producer-gas test of the 

Florida peat the producer was maintained in operation for fifty hours, and no difficulty 

whatever was experienced either in maintaining the load or in handling the fuel bed. The 

peat was furnished by the Orlando Water and Light Company and was secured from a bog 

near the city of Orlando, Orange County, Fla.

In starting the producer test the fuel bed was built up entirely of the Florida peat, and the 

usual preliminary run was conducted before the official test began. The total amount of 

peat consumed in the producer in the fifty-hour run was 29,250 pounds, or 585 pounds per 

hour.- The average calorific value of the gas produced was 175 British thermal units per 

cubic foot. During the entire run the average electrical horsepower developed at the 

switch board was 205. The amount of peat used per electrical horsepower per hour' available for outside purposes, including the estimated quantity required for the generation 

of the steam used in the operation of the producer, was 3.16 pounds, while 2.69 pounds 

were required per brake horsepower hour at the gas engine, available for outside purposes.
TESTS NORTH DAKOTA. 135

It should be stated that the peat bricks had been dried and that the moisture content 

of those used averaged 21 per cent. The gas was'particularly rich in hydrogen, running 

18.5 per cent, and comparatively low in nitrogen (45.5 per cent).

As there was a small supply of peat bricks left after the completion of the gas-producer 

tests, a short run of a little over four hours was made in the boilers. This was not sufficiently long to make any definite conclusions possible, but the results obtained were exceedingly satisfactory so far as they went. No difficulty was encountered in keeping the boiler 

up to its rated capacity, and, in fact, during the four hours' run the percentage of rated 

horsepower of the boiler developed was 113.2. The amount of peat burned per indicated 

. horsepower hour at the steam engine was 5.66 pounds, and per electrical horsepower hour 

at the switch board was 6.98 pounds. The calorific value of the peat as used was 10,082 

British thermal units per pound. The principal difficulty in the utilization of peat under 

boilers appears to be the frequency with which it is necessary to fire. On account of the 

lightness of the material and also on account of its rapid combustion the fireman was kept 

at work almost constantly during the test.

NORTH DAKOTA NO. 1 B.

Brown lignite from Lehigh mine, Consolidated Coal Company, Lehigh, Stark County 

N. Dak., on the Northern Pacific Railway.

This sample consisted of run of mine, and was shipped under the supervision of M. R. 

Campbell, of the United States Geological Survey. Producer-gas test No. 68 was run on 

this samplc.a

Two mine samples (Nos. 1971 and 1972) were taken at widely separated points in the 

mine for chemical analysis.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Volatile matter. . ............. .... .................................

Fixed carbon. ............ ... . ... ....:.................. .....

JAsh.................................................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1971

 35. eo

42.0(i 

24.55 

25.73 

7.60 

1.13

1972 

33. 90

42.81 

20. 84 

23.93 

0.42 

.00

1

' 1

1

3,421 

0,158

 Car 

sample.

2289 

10.40

32. 04 

29.19 

26.75 

11.42 

3. 54 

6. 15 

39. 53

.49 

38.87

3,872 

6,970

o For tests of sample furnished in 1904, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 201, 1905, pp. 82, 102.
136 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test G8, Nortli Dakota No. 1 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 79 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 9 per cent; } inch 

to i inch, 5 per cent; under J- inch, 7 per cent. Duration of test, 49 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower...................................-..........-.....-.'............. 198. 4

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot. .............................................................. 100. fl

Total coal fired........................................................................ .pounds.. 20,000

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PEK HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower: . . .

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.88

2.R7

2. 43

2.27

3.04

2.82

2.58

2.40

Test 08.

Dry coal.

1.94

1.80

1. 05

1. 53

2. 05

1.90

1.74

1.01

Combustible.

' 1.61

3.50

1.37

].27

1.70

1. 58

1.45

1.34

ANALYSES.

Coal

Fixed carbon ...........................

Ash.....................................

Test 08.

32. 04

29.19

26.75

1].42

100.00

3.54

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH^ .........................

Test 08.

8.2

9<; 9

2.0

48.7

100.0

NORTH DAKOTA XO. 3 B.

Brown lignite from mouth of Cedar Coulee, 4 miles southeast of Williston, Williams 

County, IN. Dak., furnished by the engineers of the United States Reclamation Service.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in making producer-gas test 

No. 72.a

Mine sample No. 1730 was taken in this mine for chemical analysis.

For tests of sample shipped during 1904, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 201, 1905, p. 104.
TESTS NORTH DAKOTA. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

137

Mine 

sample.

Car 

sample.

Laboratory number............................'.............'...................... 1730 2365

Air-drying loss..................................................................... 33.10 17.30

» Moisture................. i...................................................... 41.13 36.13

g \7 olatile matter................................................................. 27.17 29.28

g Fixed carbon................................................................... -20.34 29.55

£ I Ash............................................................................. 5.30 r>. 04

	isulphur..... ............. ,...................................................' .72 .59

 g Hydrogen....................................................................... 1......... 0.60

S Carbon............................................... ? ..................................... 42.00

r Nitrogen..............................................'....-.................'..... .......... .73

H>

Oxygen...................................................................:................. 45.04

Calorific value determined:

Calories........................................................................ 3,603 4,070

British thermal units.......................................................... 0,485 7,326

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 73, North Dakota No. 2 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 82 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 7 per Cent; i inch 

to i inch, 5 per cent; under i inch, 6 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower..... 1...................... ...................................... 195.5

Average B. T. U. gas. per cubic foot............................................................ 104.1

Total coal fired, pounds.......................................................................... 26,000

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Available for outside purposes....................

Developed at switch board........................

Per .brake horsepower:

Available for outside/purposes....................

Developed at engine................................

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Available for outside purposes...................

Developed at switch board........................

Per brake horsepower:

Available for outside purposes...................

Developed at engine...............................

Test 72.

Coal as nrvf>nn | Com- fircd. ^Tcoal. bustible.

2.80

2.00

2.38

2.26

2.97

2.83

2.53

2.40

1.79

1.70

1.52

1.44

1.90' 

1.80

1.61

1.53

1.65

1.57

1.40

1.33

1.75

1.66

1.49 

1..41

ANALYSES.

.Test 72. Test 72.

Coal.

Moisture........

\7 olatile matter. 

Fixed carbon... 

Ash.............

36.13

29.28

29.55

5.04

Sulphur.

100.00

.59

Gas by volume. 

Carbon dioxide (COj)......

Carbon monoxide (CO).....

Hydrogen (FIj).............

Methane (Cei<).............

Nitrogen (Nj)..............

9.3

22.9

15.6

2.7

49.5

100.0
138 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

NORTH DAKOTA NO. 3.

Brown lignite from Wilton mine, Washburn Lignite Coal Company, 1 mile east of Wilton, 

McLean County, N. Dak., on the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway.

This sample was made up of lump lignite and was shipped under the supervision of M. R. 

Campbell, of the United States Geological Survey. It was used in making steaming test 

No. 206 and producer-gas test No. 67.

Mine samples Nos. 1935 and 1938 were taken at widely separated points in the mine for

chemical analysis.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

1 A sh .................................................................

Oxvppn

loriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

1935 

32.30

40.53 

27.05 

27.37 

5.05 

.76

3,691

6,G44

1938 

33.50

41.88 

26.11 

26.73 

5.28 

.96

Car 

sample.

2243 

12.70

35.96 

31.92 

24.37 

7.75 

1.15 

6.54 

41.43 

1.21 

41.92

3,927 

7,069

STEAMING TEST.

Test 206, North Dakota No. 3.

Size as shipped, luinp. Size as used, average diameter, three inches, 76.5 percent; J inch tol inch, 

10.6 per cent; £ inch to £ inch, 4.9 per cent; under } inch, 8 per cent. Duration of test, 5.72 hours. 

Kind of gate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 206.

Heating value of coal.........................'.............._. .B. T. U. per pound dry coal.

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.......................................................inch water.

Above fire.................. ; ......................................................do...

Furnace temperature.................................................................... °F.

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour............................pounds.

Equivalent water evaporated per square loot of water-heating surface per hour.... ...do...

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..........................................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired..........................ipounds.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired. ........................................................ ..do...

Per pound of dry coal......'...................................................... .do...

Per pound of combustible.........................................................do...

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................per cent.

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.

Per electrical horsepower hour... '. ................................................do...

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................... V......................:..... ...do...

Per electrical horsepower hour,...................................................do...

11,036

0.65 

o.lO 

2,093 

27.99 

3.24 

90.7 

3.52

4.13

6.45

7.47

56.44

6.85

8.46

4.38

5.41

a Forced draft.
TESTS NORTH DAKOTA. 

ANALYSES.

139

Proximate. 

Moisture. ...............................

Volatile matter .........................

Fixed carbon ...........................

Ash.....-.............................:..

Test 206.

35.90

31.92

24.37

7 7^

100. 00

1.15

Ultimate.

Ash..............................:.....

"

Test 200.

C4.G9

3.97

15.55

1 89

1 fin

12.10

100.00

a Figured from car sample. 

PKODTTCER-GAS TEST.

Test 67, North Dakota No. 3.

Size as shipped, lump. Size as used, over! inch, 85 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 6 per cent; J inch to 

$ inch, 3 per cent; under J inch, 6 percent. Duration of test 50 hours.

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 195.5

Average B. T. U. gas; per cubic foot............................................................ 158.9

Total coal fired,pounds.......................................................................... 30,250

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 67.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

3.27

3.10

2.78

2.03

3.42

3. 24

2.92

2.75

Dry coal.

2.10

1.99

1.78

1.69

2.20

2.08

1.87

1.77

Combustible.

1.89

1.79

1.61

1.52

1.98

1.87

1.08

1.59

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash .....................................

Test 67.

35.78

28.70

29.01

6.45

100.00

.90

Gas by volume.

Test 67.

9.0

23.2

15.5

2.7

49 6

100.0
140 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

OHIO NO. 1.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 10, Superior Coal Company, 9 miles southeast of Wellston, 

Jackson County, Ohio, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal from No. 4 bed and was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves. Both No. 4 and No.^5 seams are worked in this mine.a

The following tests were made on this coal: Washing test No. 119, coking, test No. 24, 

steaming test No. 191, and steaming test on washed coal No. 192.

Two mine samples were taken in this mine for chemical analysis. No. 1896 was cut from 

a point 1,400 feet southwest of the entrance to the mine, in room 16, off the fourth right entry. 

No.-1897 was taken at a point 1,400 feet northeast of the entrance to the mine, at the face of 

room 17, off the fourth right entry.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

(Ash.................................................................

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1890 

4.90

8.45 

41.27 

43.55 

6.73 

. 3.10

0,805 

 12,249

1897 

3.70

7. ,50 

39.25 42.74 1 

10.51' 

5.44

Car 

sample.

2071 

4.90

7.71 

38.32 

42.02 

11.95 

4.01 

5.41 

02. 49 

l.-ll 

14.43

6, 397 

11,515

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 191, Ohio No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 19.3 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 22.4 per cent; 

Jinch to J inch, 19.4 percent; under J inch, 38.9 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.92 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

Test 192, Ohio No. 1, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 37.9 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 27.8 per cent; 

J inch to Jinch, 18.1 percent; under J inch, 10.2 per 

cent. Duration cf test, 10.07 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

U. per pound dry coal. .

...................do....

................ .....°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. .............. . .pounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds ..........................................................................

...... ...... -.Bounds..

Test 191.

11,704

0.52 

.15 

' 2,194 

20.66

?.98 

83.6 

6.36

Test 192.

13,041

0. 53 

.18 

2,384 

21.57

3.21 

90.1 

6.48

o For tests of No. 5 coal see Ohio No. 2 (p. 142). 
TESTS OHIO. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

141

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of combustible. . .......................

Efliciency of boiler, including grate ................... 

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

.....................do....

.....................do....

................:. per cent..

.....................do....

.....................do....

......................do....

Test 191.

7.44

8.05

 10. 04

66.42 

3.80

4 69

3.51

4.34

Test 192.

7.58

8.31

9.42

61.54 

3.73

4.61

3.40

4.20

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash..........................

Test 191.

7.59 

35.43 

40.64 

16.34

100. 00 

5.16

Test 192.

8.80 

40.26 

42.12 

8.82

100.00 

3.82

Ultimate.

Test 191.

63.31 

4.61 

7.70 

1.12 

5.58 

17.68

100. 00

Test 192.

71.08 

5.1.7 

8.63 

1.26 

4.19 

9.67

100.00

"Figured from car sample.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 119, Ohio No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, St.ewart modified. 

Raw coal ............................................................................... .pounds. . 26, 900

Washed eoal ........................................... ................................. .do. ... 23, 750

Refuse. .............,..........................."................................... .do. ... 3, 150

ANALYSES.

Ash

Test 119.

Raw coal.

7.71 

38.32 

42.02 

11.95 

4.61

^ir

9.25

8.57 

3.72
142 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COKING TEST.

T«jst 24, Ohio No. 1, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Duration of test, 48 hours. 

Coal charged......................:....................:....................,......... .pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced............................................................................do.... 5,708

Breeze produced................................................... I......................do.... 5.89

Coke produced..................................................::.......,........... .per cent.. 57.08

Bree/.e produced........../1 ...............................................................do.... 5.89

Total percentage yield ...................................................................... 62.97

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fingered coke. High ash and sulphur.

ANALYSES.

Test 24.

Ash ................................................................................

Coal.

8.67

38. 81

44.02

8.50

3.70

Coke.

1.95

82.98

13.77

3.30

OHIO >T O. 2.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 10, Superior Coal Company, 9 miles southeast of Wellstou, 

Jackson County, Ohio, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal from bed No. 5, both No. 4 and No. 5 seams 

being worked in this mine.o The sample was shipped under the supervision of Inspector 

W. J. Von Borries, and was used in making washing test No. 121, coking test No. 27, steaming test No. 193, and steaming test on washed coal No. 197.

Two mine samples were taken in this mine for chemical analysis.. No. 1898 was cut 

from room 5, off the second right entry on the south side of the mine, 800 feet southwest of the 

opening on No. 5 seam. No. 1899 was taken in room 7. off the fourth right entry on the north 

side of the mine, 800 feet northeast of the opening on seam No. 5. .

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

1 Ash..................... ............................................

O wETpn

dorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1898 

5.60

9.38

36.74 

46.26 

7.62 

4.08

6,610 

11,898

1899 

5.30

8.95 

37.82 

43.89 

9.34 

4.41

Car 

sample.

2109 

3.60

9.01 

35. 85 

43.80 

11.34 

4.02 

5,38 

62.79 

1.20 

15.27

6,386 

11,495

oFor test&of No. 4 coal, see Ohio No. 1 (p. 140).
TESTS OHIO. 143

STEAMING TESTS. 

Test 193, Ohio No.* 2. Test 197, Ohio No. 2, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 30.2 per cent; -J inch to 1 inch, 25 per cent; 

J inch to i inch, 16.6 per cent; under £ inch, 28.2 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.95 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 34 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 23.3 per cent; 

J-inch to J inch, 17.4 per cent; under J inch, 25.3 

percent. Duration of test, 9.87 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 193. Test J97.

Heating value of coal............................... B. T. U. per pound dry coal.. 12,190 13,113

Force of draft:

Under stack damper.............................................inch water.. 0.5t 0.45

Above fire..............................................................do.... .18 .20

Furnace temperature.........................................................°F.. 2,293 2,294

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.................pounds.. 20.60 18.47

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, pounds.......................................................................... 2.80 3.01

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed............................... 80.3 84.4

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired................. pounds.. 6.03 6.32

Water evaporated from and at 212° F:

Per pound of coal as fired...............................................do.... 7.06 7.43

Per pound of dry coal...................................................do.... 7.75 8.16

Per pound of combustible'.'.......'...-....................................do.... 9.57 9.28

Efficiency of boiler, including grate.....................................percent.. 61.40 60.09

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour......................................pounds.. 4.01 3.81

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do....' 4.95 4.70

D ry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.........................................do.... 3.65 3.47

Per electrical horsepower hour.........................*.................do.... 4.51 4.28

ANALYSES.

Test 193. Test 197. Test 193. Test 19 /.

Proximate. 

Moisture...........

Volatile matter.....

Fixed carbon.......

Ash................

8.86 

35. 01 

42.32 

13. 8L

100. 00

4.37

8.99

37. 7.1

45.56

7.74

100. 00 

' 3.15

Ultimate. 

Carbon a...........

Hydrogen a........

Oxygen «...........

Nitrogen a.........

Sulphur............

Ash................

06.46

4.64

7.69

1.27

4.79

15.15

100. 00

73.09

5.11

8.43

1.41

3.46

8.50

100.00

» Figured from car sample.
144 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 121, Ohio No1. 2. 

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified.'

Raw coal..............:................................;....................-......-.---pounds.. 32,420

Washed coal .....,..................... .....................-..............-.--......:... -do.... 25,025

. Refuse............................................................................... do.... 0,795

ANALYSES.

Test 121. 

*-coal. Washed

Moisture....................................................................... 9.01 10.77

Volatile matter .. .1......... i.................................................. 35.85

Fixed carbon.................................................................. 43.80

Ash......;..................................................................... 11.34 7.42

Sulphur........................................................................ 4.02 2.95

COKING TEST. 

Test 27, Ohio No. 2, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Duration of test, 59 hours. 

Coal charged.... .......................................................................pounds.- 10,000

Coke produced............................................................................ .do.... 4,980

Breeze produced.......................................................................... do.... 090

Coke produced..............................". ..........................................per cent.. 49.£0

Breeze produced..............................................................:...........do.... 0.90

Total percentage yield.................................... ~ ............................... 50.70

Remarks. Dull-gray color. Soft coke. High sulphur.

ANALYSES.

Test 27. 

Coal. Coke.

Moisture........................................................................... 10.38 3.55

Volatile matter...................................................:................ 37.30 2.27

Fixed carbon...............;...................................................... 45.04 82.52

Ash................................................................................ 7.28 11.00

 Sulphur......................................................'...................... 3.07 2.84

OHIO NO. 3.

Bituminous coal from Gosline & Barbour mine, Ohio Mining and Manufacturing Company, Shawnee, Perry County, Ohio, on the Zanesville and Western Railway.

This sample was shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves and consisted 

of run-of-mine coal. The following tests were made: Washing test No. 122, coking test 

No. 31, steaming test No. 203, and producer-gas test No. 64.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. No. 1900 was taken in the main 

entry, 500 feet northeast of the drift mouth, and No. 1901 was cut in the face of entry No. 

7, 300 feet northeast of the drift mouth.
TESTS OHIO. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

145

Mine samples. Car 

sample.

Laboratory number. 

Air-drying loss......

Moisture........

Volatile matter. 

Fixed carbon... 

(Ash............

'[Sulphur.. 

Hydrogen.

1900

6.00

10.78

34.80-

48.23

6.13

1.11

Carbon.................

Nitrogen................

Oxygen.................

Calorific value determined:

Calories.................

British thermal units.

6,603

11,993

1901

5.20

9.79

35.74

48.46

6.01

1.43

2144

3.90

9.90

33.00

44.86

11.58

1.8.1

5.28

63.00

1.23

17.04

0,205

11, 77

STEAMING TEST. 

Test 203, Ohio No. 3, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 36.2 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 23.8 per cent; J 

inch to i inch, 17.5 per cent; under J inch, 22.5 per cent. Duration of test, 9.78 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal.......................................'...B. T. U. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper........................................................inch water.. 0.47

Above fire..........................................................................do.... . 12

Furnace temperature..........................................................:........ .°F.. 2,434

Dry coal used per square foot of gratp surface per hour............................pounds.. 23.30

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour.... .do.... 3. 75

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.......................................... 105.0'

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired........................... pounds.. - 0.95

Water evaporated from and at 212° F:

Per pound of coal as fired.........................................................do.... 8.17

Per pound of dry coal.............................................................do.... 8.97

Per pound of combustible.........................................................do.... 10.01

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................percent.. 05.44

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................:...............................pounds.. 3.40

Per electrical horsepower hour....................................................do.... 4.27

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour.........................................:..........do.... 3.15

Per electrical horsepower hour....................................................do.... 3.89

Test 203.

Bull. 290 06 10
146 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash. ....................................

Test 203.

8.88

34.52

48.70

7.90

100.00

1.44

Ultimate.

Ash.. ..................................

Test 203.

( 

73.77

4.89

9. 65

1.44

1.58

8.67

100.00

 o Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 04, OHioNo. 3.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size, as used, over 1 inch, 47 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 38 percent; J 

inch to I inch, 9 per cent: under \ inch, 6 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 200.8

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 156.1

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 14,250

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR").

Test 64.

-

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.52

1 29

1.21

1.62

1.51

1.37

1.28

Dry coal.

1.39

1.18

1.11

1.48

1.39

1.26

1.18

Combustible.

1.28

1 19

1.08

1.01

1.36

1.27

1.10

1.08

ANALYSES.

: .Coal.

Ash. ....................................

Test 04.

8.13

34. C4

49.45

7.78

100.00

1.40

Gas by volume.

Methane (CHO .........................

Test 64.

8.2

22.7

15.1

2.5

51.5

100.0
TESTS OHIO. 147

WASHING TEST.

Test 122, Ohio No. 3.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stcwart modified.' 

Raw coal................................................................................pounds.. 47, 125

Washed coal.............-....:................:.........................................,. .do.... 34,800

Refuse................................................................................do.... 12,325

ANALYSES.

Moisture. ................................'.............. ...... . . ..........

Volatile matter. ...............................................................

Ash ............................................................................

Sulphur........................ . ................

Test 122.

Raw coal.

9.90 

33. CO

44.86

11:58

1.81

Washed 

coal.

9. 96

7.74 

1.36

COKING TEST. 

Test 31, Ohio No. 3, washed.

Sizo as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Duration of test, GO hours. 

Remarks. No coke produced.

OHIO NX>. 4.

Bituminous coal from Crow Hollow mine, United States Coal Company, Bradley, Jefferson County,.Ohio, on the -Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample consisted of " three-fourths inch coal," having been passed over a threefourths inch bar screen, and was shipped under the supervision of Inspector J.-W. Groves. 

The following tests were made on it: Washing test No. 125, coking test No. 28, steaming 

tests Nos. 188, 201, and 202, steaming tests on washed coal Nos. 219, 220, and 221, and 

producer-gas test No. 60.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 1910 from room 9 

off the fourth left entry in district No. 9, 3,000 feet northwest of the tipple; No. 1911 from 

room 17 off main entry No. 2 in district No. 2.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

1 Ash .................................................................

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.'

1910 

1.70

4.00 

38.49 

49. 70 

7.75 

3.67

7,304

13,147

1911 

2.00

4.20 

37.16 

51.13 

7.51 

3.22

Car 

samples.

2083 

1.40

3.53 

37.45 

49.90 

9.12 

3.47 

5. 15 

71.66 

1.31 

9.29

7,262 

13,072
148 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 188, Ohio No. 4.

Size as shipped, over f inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 33.3 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 23.5 per cent; 

i inch to i inch, 14.4 per cent; under J inch, 28.8 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.13 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 201, Oliio No. 4.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 38.5 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 20.9 per cent; 

J inch to A inch, 13.8 per cent; under J inch, 20.8 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.98 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking..

Test 202, Oliio No. 4.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 48.2 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 20.8 per cent; 

J inch to A inch, 12.2 per cent; under J inch, 18.8 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.38 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 219, Ohio No. 4, washed.

Size as shipped, over 5 inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 30.0 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 23.G per cent; 

J inch to £ inch, 17.8 per cent; under \ inch, 28 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.92 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 220, Oliio No. 4, washed.

Size as shipped, over -J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 34.4 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 22.9 per cent; 

J inch to \ inch, 15.2 per cent; under Jinch, 27.5 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 221, Ohio No. 4, washed.

Size as shipped, over | inch. Size as used, not 

determined. Duration of test, 6.30 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal, B. T. U. per pound

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper. . . .inch water. .

Dry coal used per square foot of grate 

surface per hour. ............ .pounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per square 

foot of water-heating surface per hour,

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler

Water apparently evaporated per pound

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired., pounds.. 

Per pound of dry coal......... do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate, per

Coal as fired : 

Per indicated horsepower hour,

Per electrical horsepower hour,

Dry coal: 

Per indicated horsepower hour,

Per electrical horsepower hour,

Test 188.

13,370

0.47 

.14

2 49fi

19.70 

3.39

7 ns

8.31 

8.62 

9.89

62.26

3.40

4.20

3.28

4.05

Test 201.

13,545

0.47 

.18

2,196

20.60 

3.32

93.2

7.37

8.66 

9.00 

10 32

64.17

3.27

4.03

3.14

3.88

Test 202.

13,374

0.55

.21

2,289

21.76 

3.55

99.5

7.46

8.78 

9.10 

10.48

65.71

3.22

3.98

3.11

3.84

Test 219.

13,889

0.42 

.17

2,525

17.56 

3.21

89.90

7.44

8.77 

9.14 

10.17

63.55

3.22

3.98

3.09

3.82

Test 220.

13,986

0.43 

.09

2,359

18.60 

3.32

93.20

7.26

8.56 

8.95 

9.84

61.80

3.30

4.08

3.16

3.90

Test 221.

13,986

0.42 

.08

2,312

18. 30 

3.29

92.1

7.32

8.61 

9fOO

62.14

3.28

4.06

3.14

3:88
TESTS OHIO. 149

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash............... .......................

Ultimate. 

Carbon « .............................. .

Hydrogen <^ ...............................

Sulphur. ...............................

Ash.....................................

-

Test 188.

49.31

10.08

100. 00

70 of.

 4.85

6.30

1.34

3.80

10.' 45

100.00

Test 201.

o. » o

30. 73

49.81

y. / o

100. 00

. uo

74. 44 '

G.41

1.30

2.75

100.00

Test 202.

50.54

10.01

100.00

O. I.L

73.27

4.87

0 29

1.34

3.85

10.38

100. 00

Test 219.

38.40

7.41

100. 00

o. Uri

70.13

c (\K.

6 CO

1.40

3.17

7 79

100. 00

Test 220.

100.00

2.97

76.80

5.10

0.61

1.40

3.10

0 99

100.00

Test 221.

100.00

70. 80

5.10

6.01

1.40

3.10

6.99

100.00

a Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test CO, Ohio No. 4.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 25 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................... 202. 4

Average B. T. U. gas per cubic foot.............................................................. 148.8

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 6,300

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes. .....................................

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.31

1.25

1.11

1.06

1. 41

1.34

1.20

1.14

Dry 

coal.

1.24

1.18

1.06

1.01

1.33

1.27

1. 13

Combustible.

1.14

1.09

.97

.92

1.23

1.17

1.04

Test 60.
150 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash......! ..............................

Test 60.

5.03 

36.68 

50.70 

7.59

100.00

2.77

Gas by volume. '

Methane (CH4 ) .........................

Test 60.

9.6 

20.0 

13.0 

2.7 

54.7

100. 0

WASHING.TEST. 

Test 125, Ohio No."4.

Size as shipped, over } inch. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal..............................................................................pounds.. 29,120

Washed coal.........................................:.................-....-..-........- .do.... 26.000

Refuse............................................................................. ,do.

ANALYSES.

3,120

Ash ............................................................................

Sulphur............................................ ...... . . ........

Test 125.

Raw coal.

3. 53 

37. 45

49.90 

9.12 

3.47

Washed 

coal.

3. 33

7.48 

3.27

COKING TEST, 

Test 28, Ohio No. 4.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 45 hours. 

Coal charged...........................................................................pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced............................................................................do.... 6,770

Breeze produced..........................................................................do.... 332

Coke produced........................................................................per cent.. 67. 70

Breeze produced................ ; .........................................................do.... 3.32

Total percentage yield .................................................................... 71.02

. Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Goqd, heavy coke. High yield due to deposited carbon. 

High ash and sulphur.

ANALYSES.

Ash................................. ..............................................

Test 28.

Coal.

3.86 

37.09 

' 49. 38 

9.67 

3.60

Coke.

5.33 

1.28 

79.79 

13.60 

2.87
TESTS OHIO. 151

OHIO NO. 5.

. Bituminous coal from Rush Run No. 1 mine, Glens Run Coal Company, Rush Run, 

Jefferson County, Ohio, on the Pennsylvania Railroad.

This sample consisted of "three-fourths inch coal" which had been passed over a threefourths inch bar screen. It was shipped under the supervision of Inspector j. W. Groves, 

and was used in making coking test No. 22, steaming tests Nos. 186, 187, 189; and 190, 

and producer-gas test No. 58. ,. .. it ,^.. ...

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. No., 1944. was-cut, from a..point 

 off the first left entry, 2,400 feet southeast of the drift mouth; No. 1945 was cut from the 

face of room 17 off the third entry, 2,600 feet south of the drift mouth.' . > . "

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. "" ' 'f 1 ' ' ' 

I Ash........ .........................................................

Carbon. .......................:......................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine 'samples.

1944 

2.40

4.69 

35. 57 

53. 73 

(i.Ol 

1.54

0

7,403 

13,325

1945 

2.20

4.99 

35.33 

53. 98 

5. 70 

.95

Car-sample-.

2002 

. 2.40

4.34 

35. 53 

52. 83 

7.30 

. . 1.'72 

1 5. 21 

72.65 

1.42 

11.70

7,321 

13,178

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 186, Ohio No. 5.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 49.2 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 23.6 per cent; 

1 inch to j inch, 11.8 per cent; under } inch, 15.4 

per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grato, plain.

Test 187, Ohio No. 5.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size-as used, over 

1 inch, 44 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 20.2 per cent; 

1 inch to J inch, 12 per cent; under J- inch, 23.8 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

Test 189, Ohio No. 5.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 28.3 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 19.7 per cent; 

£ inch to J inch, 15.G per cent; under i inch, 30.4 

per cent. Duration of test. 10.05 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 100, Ohio No. 5.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 35.1 per cent; $ inch to 1 inch, 22.7 percent; 

i inch to i inch, 15.6 per cent; under } inch, 26.6 

percent. Duration of test, 10.07 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of

Equivalent water evaporated per

Percentage of rated horsepower of b

Water apparently evaporated per 

pounds .-. .........................

. U. per pound dry coal. .

...................do....

.....................°F..

grate surface per hour,

square foot of waterpound of coal as fired,

Test 180.

13,084

0.41 

.12

2,673

21.49

3.80 

106.4

7.25

Test 187.

13,469

0.31 

.16 

2,441

22.91

4.00 

 113. 7

7.20

Test 189.

13,532

0.42 

.13 

2,440

19. 48:

3.60 

100.9.

7.52

Test 190.

13,450

0.40 

.10 

2,503

20. 44

. 3.70 

103.7

7.30
152 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ultimate. 

Carbon a ......................................................

Oxygen a. .....................................................

Sulphur. . .....................................................

Ash...........................................................

Test 186.

8.47

8.85

9.84

(i2. 45

3.34

4.12

3.20

3.95

Test 186.

4.25

34.40

53.41

7.94

100.00

75.47

4.91

8.16

1.47

1.70

8.29

100.00

Test 187.

8.45

8.87

9.96

1)3. 60

3. 35

4.13

3.94

Test 187.

4.74

33.04

52.97

9.25

100.00 

1.63

74.27

4.83

8.03

1.45

1.71

9.71

100.00

Test 189.

8.81

9.25

10.34

66. 01

3.21

3. 96

3.77

Test 189.

34.37

52.21

8.68

100.00 

1.86

74.57

4.85

8.07

1.45

1.95

9.11

100.00

Test 190.

8.67

9.07

10.24

65. 12

3. 26

4.03

3.12

3.85

Test 190.

4.43

34.52

51. 73

9.32

.100.00

74.14

4.82

8.01

1:44

1.84

9.75

100.0

« Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 58, Ohio No. 5.

Size as shipped, over -J inch. Size as used, not determined. .Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 202.2

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot. ....................'.. ..................................... 152.3

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 11,850

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER ( POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 58.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at enerine. . ...............................................

Coal as 

fired.

1.25

1.17

1.00

1.00

Dry 

coal.

1.19

1.12

0.95

Combustible.

1.12

1.05

.95

.89
TESTS OHIO. 153

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS I'Klt HORSEPOWER PER HOUR) Continued.

Equivalent nscd by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes. .....................................

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.34

1.20

i n

1.07

Test 58.

 Dry. 

coal.

1.28

1.20

1.09

.1.02

Combustible.

1.20

1.13

1.02

.90

Coal.

Xs\\.. ........ ...\........ ...............

Test 58.

4.39

35.91

53.77

5 no

100. 00

1.42

Gas by volume. 

Carbon dioxide (CO:) - - ................

Methane (CH<) ..................... .«....'

Test 58.

8.9

20.7

12.7

3 n

14 7

100.0

COKING TEST. 

Test 22, Ohio No. 5.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 55 hours. 

Coal charged............................................................................ pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced....................................................................'....... .do.... 0,383

Breeze produced...........................:..............................,................ .do.... 358

Coke produced.................'....................................................... .per cent.. 03.83

Breeze produced................................................ ; .......................... do.... 3. 58

Total percentage yield...........................................................:......... 07. 41

Remarks: Light-gray and silvery color. Good, strong coke. Should make good furnace coke. 

Washing would probably reduce ash and sulphur and make good foundry coke. High yield due to 

deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Ash ................................................................................

Sulphur. ...........................................................................

Test 22.

Coal.

4.49 

34. 57 

52. 85 

8.09 

1.77

Coke.

0.87 

.98 

80. 15 

12.00 

' 1.04

OHIO XO.O.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 1, NefT Coal Mining Company, NefTs, Belmont County, 

Ohio, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample, which consisted of run-of-minc coal, was shipped under the supervision of 

Inspector W. J. Von Borries and was used in making washing test'No. 133, coking tests 

Nos. 59 and 66, steaming test No. 284, steaming test on washed coal No. 253, and producergas test No. 76.,
154 OPEEATIONS OF FUEL-TESTINU PLANT IN 1905.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis as follows: No. 2095 from room 12 

off the fourth east entry, 2,000 feet southeast of the drift mouth; No. 2096 in room 3 off 

the second west entry, 1,000 feet southwest of the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

JAsh.................................................................

O YVffpn

loriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

2095 

1.80

3.99 

38.77 

49.17 

8.07 

3.49

7,279

13, 102

2096 

1.80

4.06 

39. 45 

50.05 

6.44 

3.35

Car sample.

2392 

3.90

5.31 

36.72 

49.45 

8.52 

3.33 

5.39 

70.71 

1.12 

10.93

7,135 

12,843

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 384, Ohio No. 0.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 49 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 14.3 per cent; 

J inch to £ inch, 10.9 per cent; under i inch, 25.8 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.93 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 253, Ohio No. 6, washed.

Size.as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 40 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 24.1 per cent; 

i inch to ,} inch, 13.7 per cent; under \ inch, 22.2 

per cent. Duration of test, 8.2 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature

per pound dry coal. .

................do....

........... .....°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. ................ .pounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds . .

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired .... 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

.. . .........pounds.. 

...............do....

................do....'

...............do....

...............do....

...............do....

...............do...;

Test 284.

12,974

0.41 

.12 

2,334

17.88

2.90 

81.3 

7.27

8.71 

9.04 

10.60 

67.29

3.25 

4.01

. 3,13 

3.86

Test 253.

13,901

0.45 

.18 

2,332 

15.73

2.83 

79.4 

7?32

8.73 

9.02 

9.93 

62.60

3.24 

4.00

3.13

3.87
-OHIO.

ANALYSES.

155

Proximate.

Fixed carbon .................

Ash ..........................

Test 284.

3.71 

30.58 

47.64 

12.07

100. 00 

3.77

Test 253.

3.20 

38.74 

51.12 

6.88

100. 00 

3.01

Ultimate.

Ash ..........................

Test 284.

71.32 

4.84 

6.26 

1.13 

3.91 

12.54

100.00

Test 253.

76.03 

5.21 

6.72 

1.22 

3.11 

7.11

100.00

« Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 7(5, Ohio No. 0.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 61 per cent; } inch to 1 inch, 14 percent; 1 

inch to -J inch, 10 per cent; under } inch, 15 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower. .................................................................. 195.6

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 103. 4

Total coal fired....................................................................... .pounds.. 11,850

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes. ....... . . ..... ...................

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine. . .................................. ...........

Equivalent used by 'producer plant.

Per electrical .horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.27

1.2t'

. 1.08

1.03

1.30

1.30

1.10

1.10

Dry 

coal.

1.23

1.17

1.04

.99

1.31

1.25

1.12

1.06

Combustible.

1.12

1.00

.95

.90

1.20

1.14

1.02

.97

Test 70.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 76.

3.01

38.05

49 08

8.06

100. 00

3.76

Gas by volume.

Methane (C E<) .........................

Test 76.

10.4

19.1

14.1

3.0

V) 8

100.0
156 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 133, Ohio No. 6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal..............................:............................................... .pounds.. 24,000

Washed coal..............................................................................do.... 20. 400

Refuse..............................................................................do.... '3.000

)

Ash ............................................................................

Test 133.

Raw coal.

5.31 

36.72 

49.45 

8.52 

3.33

Washed 

coal.

6. 16

C.38 

2.94

COKING TESTS.

Test 59, Ohio No. 6.

Size as shipped, run'of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 46 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced...................... do.... 7,200

Breeze produced....................do.... 370

" Coke produced..................per cent.. GO. 00

Breeze produced....................do.... 3.08

Total percentage yield.............. 03.08

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Large, 

long, .heavy pieces. Ash and sulphur high. 

Would make very good coke if these impurities 

could be removed by washing. l

Test 06, Ohio No. 6, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Duration of test, GO hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,166

Breeze produced....................do.... 369

Coke produced..................per cent.. 59. 72

Breeze produced....................do.... 3.08

Total percentage yield.............. G2.80

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Washing 

does not materially reduce ash and sulphur, and 

coke from washed coal not as good physically as 

that from raw charge.

ANALYSES.

Ash...........................................................

Test 59.

Coal.

5.26 

37.36 

47.53 

9.85 

3 49

Coke.

0.77 

1.2G 

83.71 

14. 2G 

2.96

Test 06.

Coal..

5.53 

30. 95 

50.96 

6.56 

2.96

Coke.

0.42 

1.20 

88. 35 

10.03 

2.51

OHIO NO. 7.

Bituminous coal from Forsythe mine, Forsythe Coal Company, Danford, Guernsey 

.County, Ohio, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample was shipped as "lump coal," having been passed over a IJ-inch bar screen. 

It was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves and was used in making 

washing test No. 138, coking tests Nos. 89 and 94, steaming tests Nos. 268 and 269, and 

producer-gas test No. 87.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. No. 2090 was cut from the face 

of room 1 off the sixteenth east entry, 2,600 feet northwest of the bottom'of the slope. 

No. 2091 was taken in room 22 off the fourteenth east entry, 3,700 feet north from the 

bottom of the slope.
TESTS OHIO. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

157

J Ash .................................................................

O v vfo n

xlorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2090 

2. GO

0.28 

35.81 

50.01 

7.30 

3.55

7,050 

12,701

2091 

2.20

5.80 

30.89 

50.73 

0.58 

2. 02

Boiler 

test 

sample.

2050 

2.00

0. 05 

33.94 

48.80 

10.55 

3.13 

5.30 

07.38 

1.20 

12.44

0,7CG 

12, 179

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 268, Ohio No. 7.

Size as shipped, over li inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 41.1 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 18.5 

percent; \ inch to A inch, 14.1 per cent; under % 

inch, 20.3 percent. Duration of test, 9.92 hours. 

Kind of grate, plain.

Test 26!), Ohio No. 7.

Size as shipped, over \\ inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 50.7 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 19.9 

percent; \ inch to | inch, 11.5 percent; under -J 

inch, 17.9 per cent. Duration of test, 8.27 hours. 

Kind of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. ............. 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating

Water evaporated froni and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

nd dry coal..

inch water.. 

.......do....

....pounds., 

surface per

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

Test 208.

13,040

0.40 

.13 

2,280 

15.90

2.87 

80.3 

7.03

8.40 

9.00 

10.37 

00.62

3.37 

4.10

3.14 

3.88

Test 269.

13,079

0.55 

.18 

2,453 

18.55

3.24 

90.9 

0.85

8.20 

8.76 

10.06 

04.08

3.45 

4.26

3.23 

3.99
158 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash...........................

Test 268.

6.65 

33.94 

48.86 

10.55

100.00 

3.13

Test 209.

6.42 

34.20 

49.14 

10.24

100.00 

3.30

Ultimate.

Ash.........................

Test 268.

. 72/19 

4.89 

6.98 

1.29 

3.35 

11.30

100.00

Test 269.

72.34 

4.90 

7.00 

1.29 

3.53 

10.94

100.00

"Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 87, Ohio No. 7.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, over ^inch, 72 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 12 per cent; Jto 

£ inch, 6 per cent; under } inch, 10 per cent. Duration of test, 41 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 198.0

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 156.2

Total coal fired ................................................................. 1....... pounds.. 12,850

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:'

Coal as 

fired.

1.67

1.58

1.42

1.35

1.7&J

1.67

1.50

1.42

Dry 

coal.

1.58

1,34

1.27

' 1.67

1.58

' 1.41

1.35

Combustible.

1.44

1.37

1.23

1.10

1.52

1.45

1.30

1.23

Test 87.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 87.

5.29

35.86

50.73

8.12

100.00

2.34

Gas by volume.

Methune (CH«) .........................

Test 87.

9.5

20 4

12.3

3.1

M 7

100.0
TESTS OHIO. 159

WASHING TEST. 

Test 138, Ohio No. 7.

Size as shipped, over 1} inches. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 10,000

Washed coal............................................................................do.... 14,000

Refuse..............................................:.............................. .do.... 2,000

ANALYSES.

Ash ............................................................................

Test 138. .

Raw coal .

6.05 

33. 94 

48.80 

10. 55 

3.13

Washed 

coal.

7.47

G.37 

2.16

COKING TESTS.

Test 89, Ohio No. 7.

Size as shipped, over 1$ inches. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 45 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,117

Breeze produced....................do.... 374

Coke produced..................per cent.. 59. 31

Breeze produced....................do.... 3.12

Total percentage yield.............. 62. 43

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Largefingered coke. Ash and sulphur high.

Test 94, Oliio No. 7, washed.

. 'Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used,

finely crushed. Duration of test, 60 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000.

Coke produced......................do.... 06,898

Breeze produced....................do.... 303

Coke produced...................per cent.. 57. 49

'Breeze produced....................do.... 2.53

Total percentage yield.............. 60.02

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fine-fingered coke. Lighter than coke from raw coal. 

Washing docs not improve; sulphur high.

ANALYSES.

Ash ........;............................,..........:..........

Test 89.

Coal.

5.77 

35.43 

49.82 

8.98 

2.88

Coke.

0.75 

.98 

85.33 

12. 94 

2.32"

Test 94.

Coal.

7.37 

30.30 

49.72 

6.55 

2.23

Coke.

0.57 

1.58 

88.08 

9.77 

1.90

OHIO NO. 8.

Bituminous coal from Dixie mine, Upson Coal and Mining Company, Dixie, Perry County 

Ohio, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal. It was loaded under the supervision of 

Inspector J. W. Groves and was used in making washing test No. 137, coking tests Nos. 81 

and 93, steaming test No. 287, and producer-gas test No. 83.

Two mine samples were taken in the mine for chemical analysis N6. 2119 from the first 

pair of east entries, 1,000 feet southeast of the drift mouth, and No. 2120 from the first 

pair of west entries, 1,000 feet southwest of the drift mouth.
160 , OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Laboratory number. 

Air-drying loss......

Moisture.......

Volatile matter. 

Fixed carbon... 

[Ash...........

[Sulphur.................

a5 Hydrogen...............

4J3 Carbon..................

g

3 Nitrogen................

£> Oxygen..................

Calorific value determined: 

Calories................

British thermal units..

Mine samples.

2119

3.80

8.92

38.58

46. 05

5.85

3.00

6,849

12,328

2120

3.70

8.87

39.32

47.81

4.00

1.74

Car 

sample.

2559

4.50

7.55 

38.00 

46.08

8.37 

' 2.84

5.48 

G7.02

1.29 

15.00

6,738

12,128

STEAMING TEST. 

Test 287, Ohio No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 50.2 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 20.4 per cent; J. 

nch to i inch, 11.8 per cent; under i inch, 17.6 per cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

* MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 287.

Heating value of coal......................................... B. T. U. per pound dry coal.. 13,136

Force of draft:

Under stack damper....................................................... .inch water.. 0.50

Above fire......................................................................... do..:. .21

Furnace temperature....................................................................°F.; 2,596

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour........................... .pounds.. 21.29

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water heating surface per hour.......do.... 3.44

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed..............................'............ 96.3

Wateriapparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...........................pounds.. 6.80

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired........................................................ .do.... . 8.22

Per pound of dry coal.............................................................do.... 9.01

Per pound of combustible..........................................................do.... 10.08

Efficiency of boiler, including grate................................................ per cent.. 66.24

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.................................................pounds.. 3.' 44

Per electrical horsepower hour....................................................do.... 4.25

Dry coal: '

Per indicated horsepower hour....................................................do.... 3.14

Per electrical horsepower hour...... ...............................................do.... ' 3.88
TESTS OHIO. 161

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash.....................................

Test 287.

8.70

35.70

47.10

8.44

100.00

2.41

Ultimate.

Sulphur. ...............................

Test 287.

72.70

r fu

R Oft

1.40

2. 04

9.24

100.00

« Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 83, Ohio No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 58 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 14 per cent; 1 inch 

to i inch, 9 per cent; under i inch, 19 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 198.6

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 170. 2

Total coal fired........................................................................ pounds.. 14,850

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 83. '

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent-used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

Bred.

1.60

1.50

1.30

1.27

1.07

1.50

1.42

1.32

Dry coal.

1.47

1.37

1.25

1.17

1.53

1.42

1.30

1.21

Combustible.

X

1.27

1.19

1.08

1.01

1.32

1.23

1.12

1.05

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 83.

8.70

35. 58

43.03

12.09

100.00

3.82

Gas by volume.

Methane (CHO .........................

Test 83.

O.S

24.5

12.3

3.1

CO fi

100.00

Bull. 290 06 11
162 OPERATIONS OP FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 137, Ohio No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. J ig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal................................:............................................ .pounds.. 17,200

Washed coal. 

Refuse.

.do.... 15,560 

.do.... 1,640

ANALYSES.

.

Ash ............................................................................

Test 137.

Raw coal.

7.55 

38.00 

40.08 

8.37 

2.84

Washed 

coal.

11. 77

6.03 

2.07

COKING TESTS.

Test 81, Ohio No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 52 

hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 6,526

Breeze produced....................do.... 454

Coke produced..................per cent.. 54. 38

Breeze produced....................do.... 3. 78

 Total percentage yield............... 58.16

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fine-fingered coke. High ash and sulphur.

Test 93, Ohio No. 8, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used 

finely crushed. Duration of test, 69 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 6,281

Breeze produced....................do.... 433

Coke produced..................per cent.. 52.34

Breeze produced...................do.... 3.61

Total percentage yield.............. 55.95

Remarks. Light gray,with some little silvery 

deposit. About three-fourths of oven seemed to 

coke up about 8 inches and upper 16 inches coked 

down, showingcleardemarcation. Upperpart fingered,lower in chunks. Washing does not improve.

ANALYSES.

Fixed carbon .................................................

Ash......;..............!.....................................

Sulphur . ......................................................

Test 81.

Coal.

8.43 

' 37. 25 

44.56 

9. 70 

2.90

Coke.

0.66 

.93 

82.81 

15.00 

2.59

Test 93.

Coal.

11.43 

37.90 

44.64 

6.03 

2.10

Coke.

2.46 

1.76 

86.05 

9.73 

1.88

OHIO XO. 9.

Bituminous coal from Clarion mine, Gallia Mining Company, Clarion, Vinton County, 

Ohio, on the Hocking Valley Railway.

Two samples were shipped under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves, as follows: 

Ohio No. 9 A, lump coal over l|-inch screen, used in making coking test No. 72, steaming 

tests Nos. 246, 249, 250, and 252, and producer-gas test No. 73; Ohio No. 9 B, nut and 

slack coal through l£-inch screen, used in making washing test No. 131, coking tests Nos. 

55 and 57, steaming test No. 224, and steaming tests on washed coa} Nps, 241, 243, and 

244.
TESTS OHIO. 163

. Two mine samples were taken in this mine for chemical analysis No. 2208 from room 6 

ofT the fourth cast entry, 900 feet northeast of the drift mouth, and No. 2209 from No. 5 

butt entry oft' the main entry, 800 feet west of the drift-mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

(Ash............:..........................................

(Sulphur. . .................................................

Carbon ............... ~....................................

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2208 

2.80

0.79 

40. 01. 

45.54 

7. GO 

3.34

0, 052 

12,514

2209 

3.40

7-. 38 

41.00 

44.80 

0.10

2.77

Car sample A .'

. 2310 

3.20

5.59 

30. 80 

49.20 

8.29 

3.15 

4.88 

09.70 

1.18 

12. .74

7, 090 

12, 773

Car sample .B.

2311 

5. 00

8.10 

30. 87 

43. 10 

11. 93 

3.35 

5. 15 

03. 54 

1. 00 

14. 97

0,424 

1J,503

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 24<>, Ohio No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 48.5 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 17.7 per 

cent; J inch to A inch, 11.2 per cent; under -J inch, 

22.0 per cent. Duration of test, 8 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 24!), Ohio No. !) A.

Si/.e as shipped, over ! } inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 58 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 14.5 per 

cent; J inch to A inch, 8.7 per cent; under J inch, 

18.8 per cent. Duration of test, 9.80 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 25O, Ohio No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 45.8 per cent; A inch to 1 inch, 17.0 per 

cent; J inch to J inch, 14.1 per cent; under } inch, 

22.5 per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 252, Ohio No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 35.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 10.5 per 

cent; J inch to J inch, 16 per cent; under £ inch, 

32.1 per cent. Duration of test, 6.63hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 224, Ohio No. 9 B.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 20.0 per cent; A. inch to 1 inch, 20.7 per 

cent; \ inch to A inch, 10.8 percent; under 1 inch, 

41.9 percent. Duration of test, 9.88 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking.

Test 241, Ohio No. 9 K, washed.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 28.1 per cent; A. inch to 1 inch, 20.9 per 

cent; J inch to .J inch, 19 per cent; under J inch, 

20 per cent. Duration of test, 8.08 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 243, Ohio No. 9 U, washed and dried.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 11.7 per cent; A. inch to 1 inch, 22.8 per 

cent; J inch to A. inch, 23.8 per cent; under J inch, 

41.7percent. Duration of test, 9.45 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 244, Ohio No. 9 B, washed and dried.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 10.6 percent; £ inch to 1 inch, 29.8 per 

cent; J inch to i inch, 22.6 per cent; under i inch, 

31 percent. Duration of test, 6.07 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain.
164 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal, B. T. U. per

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper, inch water

Dry coal used per square foot of 

grate surface per hour. . .pounds. .

Equivalent water evaporated per 

square foot of water-heating surPercentage of rated horsepower of

Water apparently evaporated per 

pound of coal as fired . . .pounds. .

Water evaporated from and at 

212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired,

Per pound of dry coal. pounds.. 

Per pound of combustible,

Efficiency of boiler, including grate,

Coal as fired : 

Per indicated horsepower hour,

Per electrical horsepower hour,

Dry coal: 

Per indicated horsepower hour,

Per electrical horsepower hour,

Test 

240.

13, 507

0,48 

.15

2,400

18.30 

3.32

93 1

7.20 

8.57

9.10 

10.06

3.30

4.08

3.11

3.84

Test 

249.

0.38 

.13

10.50 

2.93

on i

7.00 

8.33

8.90 

9. 90

G4 19

3.40

3.92

Test 

250.

13 309

0.37 

.11

2,322

15.04 

2.88

QA 7

7.20 

8.00

9.22 

10.31

3.20

4.03

3.07

3.79

Test 

252.

13, 400

0.42 

.14

2,430

17.39 

3.13

S7 Q

7.11 

8.49

9.03 

10.10

3.33

4.11

3.13

3.87

Test 

224.

12,119

0.59 

.18

21.51 

3.13

87.8

0.32 

7.48

8.12 

9.97

64. 70

3.78

4.07

3.48

4.30

Test 

241.

13, 504

0.47 

.11

2,349

' 17. 81 

3.31

92.7

7.18 

8.50

9.30 

10.17

3.30

4.08

3.04

3.75

Test 

243.

13,374

0.49 

.13

2,487

18.22 

3.31

92.8

7.48 

8.93

9.11 

9.98

65.78

3.17

3.91

3.10

3.83

Test 

244.

13, 421

0.44 

.11

2,532

18.08 

3.26

91.5

7.41 

8.82

9.04 

9.86

3.21

3.96

3.13

3. SO

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Volatile matter.. ...

Ash.................

Ultimate.

Ash.................

ft

Test 246.

5.83

40.02 

40.23

7.92

100.00 

3.70

73.64

4.50

8.22

1.24

3.99

8.41

100.00

Test 249.

6.40

37.82 

47.06

8.72

100.00 

3.60

73.00

4.45

8.14

1.24

3.85

9.32

100. 00

Test 250.

6.06

38.44 

46.66

8.84

100. 00 

3.66

72.89

4.45

8.12

1.23

3.90

9.41

106.00

Test 252.

5.99

38.99 

46.31

8.71

100. 00 

3.50

73.15

4.47

8.17

1.23

3.72

9.26

100.00

Test 224.

7.84

35.24 

42.03

14.89

100.00 

3.27

60.59

4.46

8.13

1.11

3.55

10.10

100.00

Test 241.

7.92

38.58 

40.42

7 08

100.00 

2.80

73.97

4.95

9.04

1.24

3.11

7.09

100.00

Test 243.

1.92

41.68 

48.99

7.41

100. 00 

3.06

73.18

5.05

9.80

1.24

3.12.

7.55

100.00

Test 244.

2.47

41.33 

49.15

7.05

100.00 

3.02

73.45

5.06

9 91

\ 1.25

3.10

7.23

100. 00

Figured from car sample.
TESTS OHIO. 165

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 73, Ohio No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, over 1 inch, 02 per cent; J inch to 1 inch. 14 per cent; 

J inch to J- inch, 11 per cent; under J inch, 13 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours.

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................... 194. 5

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot ............................................................ 154.0

Total coal fired..........................................................................pounds.. 12,800

COAL CONSUMED IN 1'ROtfUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes. .......... . ....... .......

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:.

Coal as 

flred.

1.39

1.32

1.18

1.12

1.51

1.43

1.28

1.21

Dry 

coal.

1.29

1.22

1.10

'1.04

1.40

1.32

1.19

1.13

Combustible.

1.17

1.00

.95

1.27

1.21

1.08

1.03

Test 73.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash .....................................

Test 73.

7.22

38. 32

40.23

8.23

100. 00 

3.52

Gas by volume.

Test 73.

14.5

13.8

18.1

3.0

r.A r.

100.0

WASHING TEST. 

Test 131, Ohio No. 9 U.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal............................................................................. .pounds.. 40,530

Washed coal...................*................................................"......... .do.... 37,830

Refuse...............................................................................do.... 8,700

ANALYSES.

Ash .............................................................................

Test 131.

Raw coal.

8.10 

30.87 

43.10 

11.93 

3.35

Washed 

coal.

9.49

7. 45 

2.88
166 OPEBATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COKING TB3TS.

Test 72, Ohio No. 9 A.

Size as shipped, over 1} inches. Size as used, 

finelycrushed. Raw. Durationof test, 71 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced.....................Tdo.... 5,590

Breeze produced....................do.... 452

Coke produced..........

Breeze produced........

........percent.. 54.97

...'.........do.... 3.77

Total-percentage yield ............... 58.74

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fine-fingered coke. Sulphur too high. Good coke can be 

produced if sulphur can be lowered by washing. 

Somewhat brittle.

Test 55, Ohio No. 9 B.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, 

finelycrushed. Raw. Durationof test,53hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 6,647

Breeze produced....................do.... 593

Coke produced..................per cent.. 55. 39

Breeze produced...................do.... 4.96

Total percentage yield.............. 60.35

Remarks. Dull-gray color. Some'little deposited carbon. Good weight coke. Breaks in about 

equal proportions o'f fingered coke and chunks. 

High ash an.d sulphur.

Test 57, Ohio No. 9 B, washed.

Size as shipped, nut and slack. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Duration of test,_57 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 0,300

Breeze produced....................do.... 441

Coke produced..................per cent.. 52.50

B reezc produced.................... do.... 3. 68

Total percentage yield .............. 56.18

Remarks. Light-gray color. Fine-fingered 

coke. Somewhat brittle. Washing reduces ash 

very materially, but does not remove sufficient 

sulphur.

ANALYSES.

Ash ......................................

Test 72.

Coal.

5.58 

39.80 

46.44 

8.18 

3.63

Coke.

1.80 

1.08 

84.43 

12.69 

3.06

Test 55.

Coal.

9.03 

33.56 

41.10 

16.31 

3.40

Coke.

0.70 

1.35 

. 78.63 

19.32 

2.94

Test 57.

Coal.

9.73 

^37. 27. 

*46. 02 

6.98 

2.84

Coke.

0.68 

.89 

86.93 

11.50 

2.40

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 4.

Bituminous coal from Jamison mine, Jamison Coal and Coke Company, 4 miles north 

of Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pa., on the Pennsylvania Railroad.

This sample consisted of lump coal (over IJ-inch bar screen) and was shipped under 

the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves. The following tests were made: Steaming 

tests Nos. 207, 208, and 209, and producer-gas test No. 65.

 Two mine samples for chemical analysis were taken from this mine No. 1942 from the 

face of room 19 off the tenth butt entry, 3,500 feet north of the shaft, and No. 1943 in 

the main west entry, 2,000 feet northwest of the shaft.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

167

r-drying loss. ................. . .....................................

Volatile matter ......................................................

Fixed carbon .........................................................

JAsh .................................................................

Nitrogen .............................................................

lorific value determined:

. Mine samples.

1942 

1.60

2.73 

30.34 

57.80 

9.13 

1.33

7,563

13,013

1943 

1.70

2.80 

30.92 

58.21 

8.07 

.83

Car 

sample.

2187 

2.20

3.15 

30.27 

50.17 

10.41 

. 1.26 

4.96 

74.33 

1.43 

7.61

 7, 448 

13, 400

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 207, Pennsylvania No. 4.

Size as shipped, over Ij inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 30.4 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 21 per 

cent; £ inch to i inch, 16.9 per cent; under £ inch, 

31.7 per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking.

Test 208, Pennsylvania No. 4.

Size as shipped, over 1} inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 25.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 20.3 per

cent; J inch to i inch, 16.4 per cent; under } inch, 

37.5 percent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kina 

of grate, rocking.

Test 2O!>, Pennsylvania No. 4.

Size as shipped, over li inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 30.7 per cent; J inch, to 1 inch, 22.7 

per cent; } inch to $ inch', 10.7.per cent; under J 

inch, 29.9 per cent. Duration of test, 10.05 hours. 

Kind of grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 207. Test 208. Test 209.

Heating value of coal...................... B. T. U. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper...:.............................. .inch water..

Above fire....................................................do....

Furnace temperature................................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour..... ..pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heatirg surface per hour................................................pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed......................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired......pounds..

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

.Per pound of coal as fi red ...........:........................ do....

' Per pound of dry coal........................................do....

Per pound of combustible....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................percent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour. ........................... .pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour.............................."ido....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour..... .-^........................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour.............................. -do....

13,979

0.44

.14

2,303

19.61

3.41

95.6

8.10

9.47

9.70

11.09

67.01

2.99

3.69

2.92

3.60

13,921

0.44

.13

2,223

17.45

3.08

80.2

8.23

9.62

9.84

11. 36

68. 26

. 2.94 

3.63

2.87

3.55

13,952

0.49

.15

2,200

17.83

3.07 

86. Q(. 

8.02'

9.38

9.61

10.98

66. 52

3.01

3.72

2.94

3.63
168 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate. 

Ash................

Sulphur............

Test 207.

2.32

30. 28

57.71

9.09

100.00

1.25

Test 208.

2.22

30. 40

10. 14

100. 00

1.13

Test 209.

2.34

30. 56

9.92

100. 00

1.12

Ultimate.

Ash................

Test 207.

77.48

4. 81

5.03

1.48

9.92

100.00

Test 208.

77.21

4.80

4. 98

1.48

1. 10 ''l0.37

100.00

Test 209.

' 77. 40

4.80

5. 02

1.49

1.15 

.10. 14

100.00

a Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test. 05, Pennsylvania No. 4.

Size as shipped, over 1} inches. Size as used, over 1J inches, 75 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 9 per cent; 

J inch-to i inch, 0 per cent; under \ inch, 10 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours.

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 195.1

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 140. G

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 13,200

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR.)

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.42

1.35

1.21

1.15

1.49

1.42

1.27

1.21

Dry coal.

1.40

1.33

1.19

1.13

1.40

1.24

1.18

Combustible.

1.24

1.18

l.OO

1.30

1.24

1.10

1.05

Test 65.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 05.

' 1.79

30.17

57.04

11.00

100.00 

1.35

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH4 ) .........................

Nitrogen (N>)

Test 05.

8.7

20.7

12.5

2.5

55.0

100.0
TESTS PEN NSY LV ANIA. 169

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 5.

Bituminous C9al from Nos. 1 and 2 mines, James W. Ellsworth & Co., Ellsworth, 

Washington County, Pa., on the Pennsylvania Railroad.

This sample consisted of "three-fourths inch coal" over a three-fourths inch bar screen. 

It was loaded under the supervision of Inspector W. J. Von Berries, and was used in makijig 

washing test No. 120, coking tests Nos. 25 and 2(5, steaming test No. 286, steaming tests 

on washed coal Nos. 194 and 195, and producer-gas test No. 59.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis No. 1966 from room 10 on" the 

first butt entry, 3,000 feet southeast of the shaft in mine No. 2, and No. 1967 from room, 

17 off the fifth butt north entry, 3,000 feet north of the shaft in mine No. 1.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

(Ash.................................................................

O Y VPYMl

Uoriflc value determined:

Mine sain Dies.

1900 

1.50

3.01 

33.40 

58.70 

4.83 

.73

7,887

14,197

1907 

1.50

2.91 

33.70 

57.99 

5.40 

1.08

Car 

sample.

20C8 

1.00

2.40 

34.48 

57.01 

0.05 

.88 

5.20 

77.99 

1.53 

8.29

7,785 

14,013

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 380, Pennsylvania No. 5.

Size as shipped, over 2 inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 55.3 per cent; i .nch to 1 inch, 14.5 per cent; 

i inch to £ inch, 9.8 per cent; i inch, 20.4 per cent. 

.Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, rocking.

Test, 1!)*, Pennsylvania No. 5, washed.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 53.4 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 22.2 per cent;

i inch to J inch, 11.8 per cent; under J inch; 12.G, 

per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test, I!)/), Pennsylvania No. 5, washed.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 55.2 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 18.7 per cent; 

i inch to i inch, 11.8 per cent; under J inch, 14.3 

percent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 280. Test 194. Test 195.

Heating value of coal.................... B. T. U. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper...................................inch water..

Above fire....................................................do....

Furnace temperature...............................................°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.......pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour..................................................... pounds..

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired.. ....pounds..

14,029

0.30

.12

2,028

18.43

3.42

95.9

8.29

14,520

0.51

.14

2,478

20.52

3.53

98.8

7.93

14,507

0.47

.10

2,532

19.97

3. 40

90.9

7.97
170 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

Water evaporated f 

Per pound of co 

Per pound of dr 

Per pound of co 

Efficiency of boiler, 

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated ho 

Per electrical ho 

Dry coal: 

Per indicated ho 

Per electrical ho

rom and at 212° F.:

ncluding grate. ......................... .per cent. .

Test 286.

9.92 

10.35 

11.40 

71.25

2.85 

3.52

2.73 

3.37

Test 194.

9.30' 

9.59 

10.21 

63.76

3.04 

3.75

2.95 

3.C4

Test 195.

9.36 

9.65 

10.36 

63.97

3.02 

3.73

 2.93 

3.62

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Volatile matter. . ..

Ash ................

Size as shipped, ovc 

Average electrical h 

Average B. T. U. ga 

Total coal fired

Test 286. Test 194. Test 195.

Ultimate. 

4.11 3,03 2.97 Carbon a...........

32.51 35.23 35.11 Hydrogen"........

55.43 66. 85 57.19 Oxygen a. .........

7.95 4.89 4.73 Nitrogen a. ........

Sulrjliu j. . 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 

101 90 94 Ash. ..............

Test 280.

78.03 

4.99 

0. 11 

1.53 

1.05 

8.29

100. 00

Test 194.

80.86 

5.18 

6.34 

1.59 

.99 

5.04

100. 00

Test 195.

81.04 

5.18 

0.34 

1.59 

.97 

4.88

100. 00

a Figured from car sample. 

PRODTJCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 59, Pennsylvania No. 5.

r J inch. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 Hours.

s, per cubic foot ........................................................ ... 149. 3

. .. . . . ...... ............ ........................ noiind

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsep 

Available for ou 

Developed at s\v 

Per brake horscpow 

Available for ou 

Developed at en

E

Per electrical horsep 

Available for on 

Developed at sw 

Per brake horsepow 

Available for ou 

Developed at en

ower:

cr:

quivulent used by producer plant. 

ower:

er:

rriup

s.. 12,150

Test 59.

Coal as 

fired.

1.28 

1.20

1.09 

1.02

1.37 

1.28

1.16 

1.09

Dry coal.

1.24 

1.16

1.05

.98

1.32 

1.24

1.12 

1.05

Combustible.

1.14 

1.06

.97 

.90

1.21 

1.14

1.03 

.97
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA.

ANALYSES.

171

Coal. 

Moisture ................. ..............

Volatile matter.. ........ .........

Fixed carbon. . .....'..................-..

Ash.....

Sulphur...... .

Test 59.

3.42

32.73

56.13

7.72

100. 00

Ol

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH4 ) .........................

Test 59.

9.0

19.4

12.7

3.3

55.0

100.0

WASHING TEST. 

Test 120, Pennsylvania No. 5.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 30,920

Washed coal............................................................................. .do.... 29,000

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 1,920

ANALYSES.

Fixed carbon ..................................................................

Ash.°..................... ................... . . ............. ...........

Sulphur.................. .................... ....................:........

Test 120.

Raw coal.

2.40 

34.48 

57.01 

C.05 

.88

Washed 

coal.

4.9t

4.57 

.90

COKING TESTS.

Test 25, Pennsylvania No. 5.

Size as shipped, over f inch. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 02 hours.' 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,433

Breeze produced................... .do.... 319

Coke produced..................per cent.. 01.94

Breeze produced................... .do.... 2.00

Total percentage yield.............. 04.00

Remarks. Light-gray and silverycolor. Foundry coke. Good, strong coke. High yield due to

deposited carbon.

Test 2(5, Pennsylvania No. 5, washed.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Duration of test, 92 hours. 

Coal charged ................... . .pounds. . 13, 000

Coke produced. . ................... .do. . . .

Breeze produced ................... .do. ...

8, 598

242

Coke produced..................per cent.. GO. 14

Breeze produced....................do.... 1.8G

Total percentage yield.............. 08.00

Remarks. Good, strong coke. Foundry coke 

Physical appearance not as good as coke from raw

coal. Ash reduced by washing.

ANALYSES.

Ash...........................................................

Test 25.

Coal.

2.44 

34.28 

50. 76 

0.52 

.97

Coke.

0.49 

.90 

88.03 

10.58 

.79

Test 20.

Coal.

4.73 

34.29 

56.27 

4.71 

.94

Coke.

0.23 

1 . 19 

91.03 

0.95 

.81
172 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 0. 

Bituminous coal from Hustead-Seamens mine, Hustead-Seamens Coal and Coke Company 

East Millsboro, Westmoreland County, Pa., on the Pennsylvania Railroad.

This sample was run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. W. 

Groves. It was used in making washing test No. 124, caking tests Nos. 32, 34, 35, 38^ and 

41, steaming tests Nos. 217 and 218, and producer-gas tests Nos. 66 and 70.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. No. 1968 was cuf, from No. 5 butt 

entry, 900 feet from the bottom of the slope; -No. 1970 was taken in No. 1 butt entry, 1,300 

feet north of the bottom of the slope.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

jAsh... ....................................................

0 -vTrcrpTl

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1968 

2.90

4.08 

32.44 

53.98 

9.50 

1.64

7,371

13, 268

1970 

1.50

2.81 

33. 88 

54.68 

8.63 

2.00

Car samples.

2101 

2.00

3.24 

31.78 

52.46 

12.52 

1.94 

4.80

71.41

1.24 

8.09

7,155 

12,879

2170 

2.40

3. 46 

31.80 

51.74 

13.00 

1.95

1.20

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 217, Pennsylvania No. 6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch. 35.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 21.8 per cent; 

J inch to ^ inch, 15 per cent; under J inch, 27.8 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.9 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 218, Pennsylvania No. 6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 26.4 percent; J inch to 1 inch, 22.5 percent; 

i- inch to \ inch, 16.6 per cent; under \ inch, 34.5 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.95 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper. . ................................

U. per pound dry coal. .

............inch water.. 

..................do....

nniinrls

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour,

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed. . ....

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Efficiency of boiler, including grate ......................

..................do....

..................do....

...................do....

............... ner cent..

Test 217.

13, 405

0.40 

.13 

2,425 

19.20

3.40 

97. 10 

7.40

8.79 

9.01 

10.52 

64.91

Test 218.

13,271

0.49 

.17 

2,251 

16. 65

3.12 

87.4 

7.74

9.11 

9.37 

10.94 

08.18
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

173

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. .................

Dry coal:

................... .pounds. . 

.......................do....

.......................do....

.......................do....

Test 217.

3,22 

3.97

3.14

3.88

Test 218.

3.10 

3.83

3.02

3.72

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash ...........................

Test 217.

2.44

32.98

52. 48

12.10

100. 00

1.88

Test 218.

2.81

32.80

12.67

100. 00

2.10

Ultimate. 

Carbon o.....................

Nitrogen a. ..................

Ash.........................

Test 217.

74.35

4.62

5. 4L

1.29

1.93

12.40

100. 00

Test 218.

73.57

4.58

5.37

1.28

13.04

100. 00

a Figured from car sample. 

PKODUCER-GAS TESTS.

Test GO, Pennsylvania No. 0.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 45 percent; | inch to 1 inch, 20 per cent; i 

inch to i inch, 15 per cent; under \ inch, 20 per cent. 

Duration of test, 47 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............. 195.3

Average B. T. U. gas,per cubic foot....... 126. 6

Total coal fired....'..............pounds.. 13,000

Test 70, Pennsylvania No. 6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 65 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 16 per cent; i 

inch to J inch, 7 per cent; under J inch, 12 per cent. 

Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower............. 194.2

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot....... 146. 4

Total coal fired................. .pounds.. 11,25C

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes ......

Coal as 

fired.

1.53

1.42

1.30

1.38 

1.28

Test 66.

Dry coal.

1.50

1.39

1.27

1.18

1. 59

1.48

1.35 

1.26

Combustible.

1.38

1.28

1.17

1 00

1.47

1.30

1.25 

1.16

Coal as 

fired.

1.23

1.16

1.04

99

1.30

1.23

1.10 

1.04

Test 70.

Dry coal.

1.19

1.13

1.01

.90

1.26

1"19

1.07 

1.01

Combustible.

1.05

99

.89

.84

.94 

so
174 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Sulphur .......................

Test 66.

2.15 

35.01 

55. 18 

7.66

100.00 

1.60

Test 70.

2.86 

31.88 

53.35 

11.91

100. 00 

2. 04.

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH^)-. ............

Test 66.

10.0 

18.5 

12.1 

2.4 

57.0

300.00

Test 70.

9.6 

19.2 

11. 5 

3.0

50.7

100. DO

WASHING TEST. 

Test 124, Pennsylvania No. 6.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stcwart modified. 

Raw coal..............................................................................pounds.. 50,000

Washed coal................................................................................do.... 43, 300

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 6,700

» ANALYSES.

Ash ............................................................................

Test 124.

Raw coal.

3.24 

31.78 

52.40

12.52 

1.94

Washed 

coal.

4.31

7.26 

1.47
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 175

COKING TESTS.

Test 32, Pennsylvania No. 0.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 40 hours.

Coal charged. . .................. .pounds. . 10,000

Coke produced ..................... .do.'. .. 7, 330

Breeze produced. . ................ . .do. . . . 315

Coke produced ................. .per cent . . 73. 30

Breeze produced. ...................do.... 3. 15

Total percentage yield .............. 70. 45

Remarks. Very heavy coke. Silvery color. 

Much deposited carbon. Conditions of oven 

must have been practically perfect to attain these 

results.

Test, 34, Pennsylvania No. <!, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Duration of test, 45 hours. 

Coal charged .................... .pounds. . 10, 000

Coke produced ..................... .do. ... 0, 905

Breeze produced ................... .do. . . . 240

Coke produced ..'.,.............. .per cent. . 09. 05

Breeze produced ................... .do. ... 2. 40

Total percentage yield .............. 7.1. 51

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Heavy 

coke, but physically not as good as coke from raw 

coal. Ash and sulphur reduced by washing.

Test 35; Pennsylvania No. 0.

.Size-as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 88 hours. 

Coal charged ......'.............. .pounds. . 12, 000

Coke produced ..................... .do. ... 8, 040

Breeze produced .................... .do. ... 295

Coke produced..................per cent.. 72.05

Breeze produced.....................do.... 2. 40

Total percentage yield.............. 74.51

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Good 

heavy coke. Sulphur and ash high.

Test 38, Pennsylvania No. (>, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size n« used, finqly 

crushed. 'Duration of tost, 80 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 13,000

Coke produced......................do.... 8,927

Breeze produced................... .-do... ^ 373

Coke produced..................per cent.. 08. 07

.Breeze produced....................do.... 2.87

Total percentage yield.............. 71. 54

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Not so 

good as coke from unwashed coal in physical appearance. Ash and sulphur reduced by washing.

Test 41, Pennsylvania No. <>.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 72 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced...................:. .do.... 8,743

Breeze produced....................do.... 304

Coke produced..................per cent.. 72.80

Breeze produced....................do.... 3.03

Total percentage yield.............. 75. 89

Remarks. Silverycolor. Very heavy coke, but 

not dense. Breakage practically perfect, large 

pieces. Sulphur and ash high. High yield due to 

deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Volatile matter. . . .

Ash ................

Test 32.

Coal.

3.22 

31.52 

51.87 

13.39 

2.10

Coke.

0.34 

.71 

82.31 

10.04 

1.59

Test 34.

Coal,

0.58 

33.00 

52.90 

7.40 

1.40

Coke.

0.24 

.CO 

88.01 

10.49 

1.21

Test 35.

Coal.

3.04 

32.01 

51.03 

13.32 

1.93

Coke.

0.48 

1.62 

81.20 

10.70 

1.70

Test 38.

Coal.

4.21 

33.40 

55.21 

7.18 

1.51

Coke.

0.89 

2.26 

80.77 

10.08 

1.24

Test 41.

Coal. 

2.53 

32.09 

53.21 

12. 17 

.1. 78

Coke.

0.27 

1.26 

'82. 06 

15. 81 

1.52

NIA NO. 7.

Bituminous coal from Ligonier mine, Old Colony Coal and Coke Company, 3 miles north 

of Ligonier, Westmorland County, Pa., on the Ligonier Valley Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of 

Inspector J. S. Burrows. The following tests were made on it: Washing test No. 123, 

coking tests Nos. 30 and 33, steaming test No. 198, steaming test on washed coal No. 199, 

and producer-gas test No, 88.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis No. 1994 from room 3 off the 

fourth left head entry, 800 feet from drift mouth; and No. 1995 from room 3 off sixth 

right entry, 950 feet from drift mxjutlj,
176 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

1 Ash........ .........................................................

Carbon ...............................................................

Nitrogen. ............................................................

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1994 

2.40

3.30 

23.03 

62. 49 

11.18 

1.79

7,432 

13, 378

1995 

1.90

2.78 

22.91 

01.58 

12.73 

1.88

Car 

sample.

2154 

3.20

4.09 

20.02 

02.82 

12.47 

2.08 

4.73 

72. 78 

1.50 

0.44

7,307 

13, 153

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 198, Pennsylvania No. 7.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 13.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 10.7 per cent; 

i inch to J inch, 18.9 per cent; under J inch, 51.0 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of

grate, plain.

TeSt 199, Pennsylvania No. 7, waslied.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 19.2 per cent; A inch to 1 inch, 22.0 per cent; 

.^ inch to J inch, 20.4 per cent; under £ inch,38.4 per 

'cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of

grate, plain. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature

U. per pound dry coal. .

...................do....

.................... .°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. .... ......... . .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as flred:

Dry coal:

...................do....

...................do....

................... do.... '

...................do....

...................do....

...................do....

Test 198.

13, 048

0.48 

.10 

2,091 

17.04

3.12

87.5 

7.55

8.87 

9.18 

10.85 

04.90

3.19 

3.94

3.08 

3.80

Test 199.

13,828

0.39 

.12 

2,230 

10.74

3.10

88.0 

7.04

8. 99. 

9.44 

10.88 

05.93

3.15 

3.88

3.00 

3.70
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 177

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash...........................

Sulphur.......................

Test 198.

3.45

21.79

62.20

13.56

100.00

2.63

Test 199.

4.80

22.64

01. 62

10.94

100.00

1.62

Ultimate.

Ash.........................

Tost 198.

75.36

4.42

2.93

1.55

2

70

13.01

. 100.00

Test 199.

77.64

4.56

3.00

1. 60

1.70

11. 50

100.00

a Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 88, Pennsylvania. No. 7.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 41 per cent; £ inch \p 1 inch,.18- per cent; 

i inch to i inch, 15 per cent; under 1 inch, 28 per oent. Duration of test, 50 hours.

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 169.9

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 139.4

Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 13,350

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 88.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.08

1.57

1.42

1.34

1.79

1.68

1.52

1.42

Dry 

coal.

1.62

1.52

1.37

1.29

1.72

1.62

1.47

1.37

Combustible.

1.41

1. 32

1.19

1.12

1.50

1.41

/

1 97

1.19

ANALYSES.

Coal, . .

Ash ....................................

Test 88.

3.52

22.25

61.57

12.66

100.00

1.99

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) .........................

B >. V

Tost 88.

10. 1

17 ^

11.3

2.5

CO K

100.00

Ball. 290 06 12
178 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST.

Test 123, Pennsylvania No. 7.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Haw coal...................:....................................................

Washed coal. 

Refuse.

.pounds.. 32,000 

....do.... 27,180

....do.... 4,820

ANALYSES.

Test 123.

Asi\....:........,..............-.. ............................................

Raw coal.

4.09

20. C2

62.82

12.47

2.08

Washed 

coal.

5'. 67

10.08

1.55

COKING 

Test 30, Pennsylvania No. 7.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 90 

hours. 

Coal charged..................... pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 8,750

-Breeze produced................:...do.... 325

Coke produced............:.......per cent.. 72.92

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.71

Total percentage yield.............. 75. 63

Remarks. Gray color. Heavy coke. .High 

ash and sulphur.

TESTS.

Test 33, Pennsylvania No. 7, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Duration of test, 93 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 8,400

Breeze produced....................do.... 509

Coke produced..................percent.. 70.00

Breeze produced...................do.... 4.24

Total percentage yield... i.......... 74.24

Remarks. Graycolor. Heavycoke. Very little 

improved by washing.

ANALYSES.

Ash...........................................................

Test 30.

Coal.

3.75. 

21.89 

62.04 

12.32 

2.33

Coke.

0.46 

1.16 

. 82. 39 

15.99 

1.87

Test 33.

Coal.

3.98 

23. 32 

60. 75 

11. 95 

1.64

Coke. .

0.43 

1.84 

83.40 

14. 33 

1.42

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 8.

Bituminous coal from mine No. 3, Pennsylvania Coal and Coke Company, Ehrenfeld, 

Cambria County, Pa., on the Pennsylvania Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of 

Inspector J: S. Burrows. The following tests were made on it: Coking test No. 29, steaming test Nos. 236, 237, 238, and 239, steaming test on dried coal No. 242,.and producer-gas 

test No. 63. A steaming test (No. 245)-was also made on this sample, mixed with Virginia 

No. 4.

Two samples for chemical analysis were taken from this cmine No. 2014 from the 

twenty-third head entry, 1\ miles from the drift mouth, and No. 2015 from the face of the 

main entry, 2| miles from the drift mouth.
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

179

I Ash ...........................:.....................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2014 

' 2.80

3.49 

16.12 

74.08 

5.71 

.95

8,064

14,515

2015 

2.20

3.09 

16.66 

74.79 

5.46 

1.18

Car 

sample.

2152 

2.90

3.51 

16.82 

73.' 04 

6.63 

.94 

4.56 

80.70 

1.26 

5.91

7,933 

14,279

STEAMING TESTS.

. Test 236, Pennsylvania No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 6.5 per cent; } inch to 1 inch, 13.6 per cent; 

J inch to $ inch, 22.4 per cent; under J inch, 57.5 per 

cant. Duration of test, 9.88 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

Test 237, Pennsylvania No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 5.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 12.3 per cent; 

i inch to £ inch, 19.5 per cent; underi inch, 62.4 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

Test 238, Pennsylvania No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 5.4 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 9.1 per cent;

\ inch to J inch, 14.9 per cent; under} inch, 70.6 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 239, Pennsylvania No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine Size as used, over 

1 inch, 4.4 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 8.8 per cent; 

\ inch to \ inch, 16.2 per cent; under J inch, 70.6 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.92 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 242,a'ennsylvania No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 2.0 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 7.0 per cent; 

} inch to \ inch, 14.5 per cent; under J inch. 76.5 per 

cent. Dried coal. Duration of test, 7.88 hours. 

Kind of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal B. T. U. per pound dry coal. . 

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed. 

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired................ do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ..... .per cent. .

Test 236.

14,886 

0.43

.15

 2,317

15.74

2.93

82.0 

8.51

10.12 

10.37

11.20

67.27

Test 237.

14,868 

0.45

.16

2,266

. 16. 23

2.96

83.0 

8.27

9.85 

10.17

11.02

66.06

Test 238.

14,828 

0.50

.17

2,212

9 <M

82.1 

8.44

10.05 

10.42

67.86

Test 239.

.14,690 

0.63

19

Q AQ

86.5 

7.98

9.52 

9.75

10.71

.04. 10

Test 242:

-, 14,059 

0.47

.10

2,059

14.33

2 O9

81.9 

8.52

10.17 

10.22

67.19
180 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS CODtillued.

Coal as fired:

Dry coal: ^

Test 236.

2.79

3.45

2.73

3.37

Test 237.

2.87

3.54

2.78

3 43

Test 238.

2.81

3 47

2.71

3 1^

Test 239.

2.97

3.67

2.90

3.58

Test 242.

9 7S

3 JO

2.77

o 41

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash.................................................

Ultimate.

Ash... ..............................................

.

Test 230.

2.37

16.74

74.66

6 2'i

100.00

.88

84.14

4.34

2.93

.90

6.38

100.00

Test 237.

3.11

15.68

74.93

C.28

100. 00 

.89

84.03

' 4.35

2.91

92

6.48

100. 00

Test 238.

3.56

16.09

73.85

6.50.

100.00

.87

83.81

4.33

2 91

1.31

.90

6.74

100. 00

Test 239.

 2.44

73.69

7 9^

100.00 

1.12

82.98

4.28

2 89

, i 29

1:15

7.41

100. 00

Test 242.

0.42

75.20

6.87

100. 00 

1.01

4.15

3.27

1 39

1.01

6.90

100. 00

"Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 63, Pennsylvania No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 187.9

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 133.0

Total coal fired........................................................................pounds.. 31,-100

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 63.

Per electrical horsepower:

Available for outside purposes. .....................................

Per brake horsepower: ,

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.25

1.18

1.06

1.00

1.35

1.28

1.15

1.09

Dry coal.

1.22

1.15

1.04

.98

1.32

1.25

1.12

1.06

Combustible.

1.13

1.07

.96

.91

1.22

1.15

1.04

.98
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. 181

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash . ....................................

Test C3.

2.49

16. 61

73.70

7.20

100.00 

.91

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH <) .........................

Test 63.

9.9

18.7

14.1

2.2

55.1

100.0

COKING TEST. 

1 ' Test 20, Pennsylvania No. 8.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Haw. Duration of test, 51 hours.

Coal charged.......................................................................... .pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced............................................................................do.... 5,223

Breeze produced...........................................................................do.... 1,600

Coke produced........................................................................per cent.. 52.23

Breeze produced......................................................................... .do.... 16.00

Total percentage yield..................................................................... 68.23

Remarks. Soft, dense coke. Dull-gray color. Largeand small chunks. Heavy black butt on coke. 

Hard to burn.

ANALYSES.

Test 29.

Ash................................................................................

Coal.

3.32

15.56

74.29

6.83

1.12

Coke.

0.91

2.16

88.99

7.94

.91

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 9.

Bituminous coal from Kimmelton mine, Reading Iron Company, Kimmclton, Somerset 

County, Pa., on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample, which was loaded under the supervision of Inspector W. J. Von Borries, 

consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was used in making washing test No. 126 and coking 

tests Nos. 37, 39, 42, and 56.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 2016 from the 

second head entry off the sixth right entry, 3,200 feet south of the drift mouth, and No. 

2017 from the eighth left entry, 3,000 feet southeast of the drift mouth.
182 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

(Ash..................................... ...........................

Oxygen. . .............................................................

loriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

2016

1.80

2.63 

16.22 

70.94 

10.21 

2.05

7,614

13,705

2017 

3.120

3.90 

14.64 

73.13 

8.33 

1.76

. Car 

sample.

2199 

2.60

3.09 

17.29 

68.29 

11.33 

2.04 

4.19 

75.40 

1.25 

5.79

7,458 

13,424

WASHING TEST. 

Test 136, Pennsylvania No. 9.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified.

Raw coal........ T ......................................................................pounds.. 12,000

Washed coal J ............................................................................ .do.... 9,700

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 2,300

ANALYSES.

+

Ash............................................................................

Test 126.

 Raw coal.

3.09 

17.29 

68.29 

11.33 

2.04

Washed 

coal.

4.58

8.75 

1.24
TESTS PENNS TLVANIA. 183

COKING TESTS.

Test 37, Pennsylvania No. 0.

. Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 45 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 7,000

Coke produced, few pieces.

Remarks. Few pieces of dull coke obtained, 

and analysis was made from these. The amount 

was too small to calculate as percentage yield of 

coke.

Test 39, Pennsylvania No. 9.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, GO hours.

Coal charged..................... .pounds.. 8,000

Coke produced, few pieces.

Remarks. This was the second test on this coal 

and a few pieces were obtained. Result warranted another trial after washing.

Test 42, Pennsylvania No. 9, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Duration of test, 51 hours.

Coal charged......................pounds.. 8,000

Coke produced.......................do.... 5,000

Breeze produced.....................do.... 801

Coke produced...................per cent.. 70.00

Breeze produced.....................do.... 10.01

Total percentage yield............... 80.01

Remarks. This was the third trial on this coal. 

The other two charges were raw, and succeeded 

in getting only a few pieces of coke. Washing reduced sulphur and ash. Coke was dull-gray in 

color. Breaks badly into small pieces, and breeze 

content very large.

Test 56, Pennsylvania No. 9.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw, with 5 per cent pitch. Duration of test, 38 hours.

Coal charged......................pounds.. 8,000

Coke produced.......................do.... 5,300

Breeze produced.....................do.... 495

Coke produced...................per cent..

Breeze produced..................... .do....

06.25

6.19

Total percentage yield............... 72. 44

Remarks. Dull-gray color. Poor soft coke. 

Quality not so good as coke from washed coal. 

Ash and sulphur higher.

ANALYSES.

Ash...........................

Test 37.

Coal.

3.20

ic!is

09.44 

11.12 

.1. 90

Coke.

0.70 

1.05 

84.92 

.13.33 

1.53

Test 39.

Coal.

2.86 

10.24 

08.00 

12.30 

2.14

Test 42.

Coal.

4.55 

17.59 

08.80 

9.06 

1.39

Coke.

0.54 

1.21 

80.84 

11.41 

1.00

Test 50.

Coal.

2.00 

17.92 

09.30 

10.12 

1.80

Coke.

0.72 

.01 

80.02 

12. 05 

1.53

PENNSYLVANIA NO. 1O.

Bituminous coal from Bertha mine, Pittsburg-Buffalo Coal Company, Bruce, Allegheny 

County, Pa., on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample consisted of " three-fourths inch coal." It was loaded under the supervision of Inspector W. J. Von Borries, and was used in making coking tests Nos. 47 and 53, 

steaming tests Nos. 227, 228, and 229, and producer-gas test No. 71.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 2080 from No 1 

face entry off No. 1 butt entry, 5,000 feet from the drift mouth, and No. 2081 from the third 

face entry, 300 feet from the drift mouth.
184 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

f Ash .................................................................

lorifio value determined : ,

Mine samples.

2080 

1.80

3.07 

34.03 

56.84 

5.46 

1.37

7,708

13,874

2081 

2.20

4.08 

34.41 

56.19 

5.32 

1.31

Car 

sample.

2229 

1.30

2.61 

34.92 

56.30 

6.17 

1.26 

5.21 

77.14 

1.57 

8.65

7,776 

13,997

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 237, Pennsylvania No. 10.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 22.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 23.2 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 18.5 per cent; under J inch, 35.5 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.0 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 228, Pennaylvaiiia No. 10.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 23.9 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 18.7 per cent;

i inch to J inch, 15.8 per cent; under J inch, 41.6 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 229, Pennsylvania No. 1O.

Size as shipped, over J inch. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 27.4 per cent; | inch to 1 inch, 21.7 percent; 

i inch to J inch, 16.7 per cent; under J inch, 34.2 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.0 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 227. Test 228. Test 229.'-

Heating value of coal.................... B. T. U. per pound dry coal..

Force of draft:

Under stack damper....._......;...................... inch water..

Above fire....................................................do....

Furnace temperature.............:................................ .°F..

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour.......pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour... .... ...........;................................pounds..

Percentage Of rated horsepower of boiler developed.....................

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired...'.. .pounds.. 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired. .... i ................ ..............do....

Per pound of dry coal........................................do....

Per pound of combustible....................................do....

Efficiency of boiler, including grate...........................per cent..

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour............................pounds..

Per electrical horsepower hour................ ^.............. do....

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour...............................do....

Per electrical horsepower hour............................. .do....

14,341

0.52 

.16

19.07

3.46

97.0

8.28

9.80

10.12

11.03

68.15

2.89

3.56

2.79

3.45

14,324

0.48

.16

2,329'

17.80

3.23

90.7

8.35

9.85

10.14

11.09

68.36

2.87

3.55

2.79

3.44

14,431

0.56

.15

2,445

21.73

3.78

105.9

7.94

9.47

9.69

10.49

64.84

2.99

3.69

2.92

3.61
TESTS PENNSYLVANIA. . 185

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash................

Sulphur............

Test 227.

2.13

34.84

55.75

6.28

100.00

1.33

Test 228.

2.88

34.76

55.98

0.38

100.00

1.35

Test 229.

2.29

35.93

55.87

5.91

100.00

1.18

Ultimate.

Ash...............

Test 227.

79. 03

5. 05

0. 40

1.61

.1 . 37 

6.48

' 100.00

Test 228.

78.02

5.04

0. 47

1.61.

6.57

100. 00

Test 229.

79. 53

5.08

0.51.

1.62

1.21.

6. 05

100.00

o Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test, 71, Pennsylvania No. 1O.

Size as shipped) over J inch. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 196.3

Average B.T. U.gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 159.5

Total coal fired, pounds.................................I........................................ 12,300

COAL CONSUMED JN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER II.OUR).

Test 71.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

' fired.

1.32

1.25

l.]2

1.07

1.38

1.32

1.18

1.12

Dry coal.

1.28

1.22

1.09

1.04

1.35

1.28

1.14

1.09

Combustible.

1.17

1.11

0.99

0.95

1.23

1.17

1.04

0.99

ANALl'SES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 71.

2.77

33.94

54.84

8.45

100.00

1.37

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) .........................

. 

Test 71.

9.2

20.4

13.8

 3.4

53. 2
186 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN" 1905.

COKING TESTS.

Test 47, Pennsylvania No. 1O.

Size as shipped, J inch. Size -as used, not 

crushed. Eaw. Duration of test, 49 hours. 

Coal charged............;........pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced..... 1............. I.. do.... 7,400

Breeze produced....................do.... 340

Coke produced..................per cent.. 61.67

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.83

Total percentage yield............. 64.50

Remarks. Light-gray and silvery color. Somewhat brittle. Large-cell structure. Good furnace coke.

Test 53, Pennsylvania No. 10.

Size as shipped, over % inch. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 47 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do..'.. 8,322

Breeze produced.. ...................do.... 268

Coke produced..................per cent.. 69. 35

Breeze produced.................... do.... 2.23

Total percentage yield.............. 71.58

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Breakage 

poor; small pieces. Good furnace coke. High 

yield due to deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Ash ...........................................................

Test 47.

Coal.

2.56 

34.80 

50.81 

5.83 

1.25

Coke.

0.39 

1.14 

90.40 

8.07 

1.00

Test 53.

Coal.

2.73 

35.41 

55.58 

0.28 

1.36

.Coke.

0.36 

1.14 

89.93 

8.57 

1.05

VIRGINIA NO. 1.

Bituminous coal from H. C. Morris prospect, Interstate Investment Company, Crab 

Orchard, Lee County, Va., about 7 miles from the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

This sample, which might be designated run-of-mine coal, was taken from a small prospect hole or country bank and was hauled in wagons, under the supervision of Inspector 

J. S. Burrows, to the railroad. It was used in making coking tests Nos. .64, 65, 67, 68, 

and 77, steaming tests Nos. 281 and 282, and producer-gas test No. 77.

Three mine samples were taken for chemical analysis at this point. No. 224.6 was cut 

from the entire seam of the left rib of the drift, 29 feet from the outcrop; No. 2268 was 

cut from the lower bench at the face of the drift; No. 2269 was cut from the upper bench 

at the face of the drift.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

J Ash................................... :...................

iloriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

2246 

2.60

4.72 

34.21 

56.44 

4.63 

2.55

2268 

4.20

5.69 

34.43 

51.77 

8.11 

2.31

7,287 

13, 117

2269 

4.40

6.55 

33.51 

55. 54 

4.40 

.80

Car 

sample.

2420 

2.40

4.06 

34.93 

56.28 

4.73 

1.20 

5.32 

76.59 

1.24 

10.92

7,681 

13, 826
TESTS VIRGINIA. 187

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 281, Virginia No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 30 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 21.3 per cent; 

i inch to \ inch, 17.5 per cent; under J inch, 31.2 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.75 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 282, Virginia No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 25.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 21.6 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 19.4 per cent; under J inch, 33.6 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.83 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking. (

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 281. Test 282.

Heating value of coal................................ B.T.U. per pound dry coal.. 14,281 14,198

Force of draft:

Under stack damper..............................................inch water.. 0.41 0.38

Above fire..........................................................!:...do.... .14 .11

Furnace temperature .........................................................°F.. 2,637 2,542

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour................ .pounds.. 18.35 18.57

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds......................................................................__.: 3.29 ' . 3.29

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed___._.................... 92.2 92.3

Water apparently evaporated-personnel of coal as fired................pounds.. 7.95 7.82

^Water evaporated irom and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired...............................................do.... 9.54 9.39

Per pound of dry coal................................................... do.... 10.01 9.89

Per pound of combustible...............................................do.... 10.78 10.72

Efficiency of boiler, including grate.....................................per cent.. 67.69 67.27

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour......................................pounds.. 2.96 3.01

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.... 3.66 3.72

Dry coal:

Per indicated-horsepower hour.........................................do.... 2.82 2.86

Per electrical horsepower hour.......................................... .do.... 3.49 3.53

ANALYSES.

Test 281. Test 282. Test 281. Test 282.

Proximate. 

Moisture.............

Volatile matter......

Fixed carbon........

Ash..................

4.62

33.85

55.92

5.61

100.00

1.08

5.05

32.82

56.05

6.08

100.00

1.09

Ultimate. 

Carbon a...........

Hydrogen .........

Oxygen a..........

Nitrogen".........

Sulphur...........

Ash................

79.12

5.03

7.56

1.28

1.13

100.00

78.67 

5.00 

7.50 

1.28 1.15' 

6.40

100.00

Figured from car sample.
188 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST,

Test 77, Virginia No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower................................................................... 196.2

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot.............................................................. 164.4

Total coal fired, pounds......................................................................... 14,100

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer -plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.51

1.44

1.29

1.22

1.61

1.53

1.37

1.30

Drycoal.

1.43

1.35

1.21

1. 15

1.52

1.44

1.29

1.23

Combustible.

1.33

1.26

1.13

1.07

1.42

1.34

1.20

1.14

Test 77.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash. ....................................

Test 77.

5.72

31.93

55.91

0.44

100.00

1.08

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) .........................

Test 77.

19.7

14.9

3.G

51.8

100.0
TESTS VIKG1NIA. 189

COKING TESTS.

Test 04, Virginia No. 1;

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 71 hours.

Coal charged..:..................pounds..

Coke produced...................... do....

Breeze produced....................do....

Coke produced..................per cent..

Breeze produced....................do....

14,000

9,079

415

64.85 

.2.96

Total percentage yield.............. 67.81

Remarks. Light gray. Hard heavy coke. 

High yield due to deposited carbon.

Test 65, Virginia No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Haw. Duration of test, 36 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced......................do..'.. 6,811

Breeze produced....................do.... 258

Coke produced..................per cent.. 08.11

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.58

Total percentage yield.............. 70.69

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Good 

heavy coke. High yield due to deposited carbon.

Test 07, Virginia. No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 36 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced......................do.... 5,879

Breeze produced....................do.... 424

Coke produced..................per cent.. 58. 79

Breeze prod need...................do.... 4.24

Total percentage yield.............. 63.03

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Coke not so 

good as that from ground charge. Cross breakage 

increased and breeze much larger, but good coke. 

Results would justify installation oj disintegrating machinery. High yield due to deposited 

carbon.

Test 68, Virginia No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used not 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 67 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 14,000

Coke produced......................do.... 8,596

Breeze produced....................do.... 590

Coke produced..................per cent.. 61. 40

Breeze produced.................... do.... 4.21

Total percentage yield.............. 65.61

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Large percentage of breeze due to not grinding coal before 

charging. Loss by breakage also increased from 

same cause. Good hard heavy coke. High yield 

due to deposited carbon.

Test 77, Virginia No. 1.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 65 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 14,000

Coke produced..................... .do.... 9,506

Breeze produced................... .do.... 314

Coke produced..................per cent.. 67.90

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.24

Total percentage yield.............. 70.14

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Good hard 

heavy coke. High yield due to deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Volatile matter. ... 

Fixed carbon ...... 

Ash ................

Test 64.

Coal.

5.70 

32. 52 

56.15 

5.63 

.98

Coke.

1.52 

.99 

89.20 

8.29 

.88

Test 65.

Coal.

4.44 

33.44 

56.27 

5.85 

1.13

Coke.

1.23 

1.67 

89.24 

7.86 

.94

Test 67.

Coal.

4.95 

34.21 

55.86 

4.98 

1.12

Coke.

0.21 

.89 

'90. 99 

7.91 

1.01

Test 68.

Coal.

4.82 

33.21 

50.95 

5.02 

1.10

Coke.

0.30 

1.16 

90.85 

7.69 

.97

Test 77.

Coal.

4.40 

35.09 

55.24 

5.27 

1.05

Coke.

0.20 

.80 

91. 52 

7.48 

1.02

 VIRGINIA NO. 2.

Bituminous coal from the "big opening" on Wilson farm, Interstate Investment Company, near Crab Orchard, Lee'County, Va., about 7 miles from the Louisville and Nashville 

Railroad.

This sample, which was run of mine, was loaded in wagons and hauled to the railroad 

under the supervision of Inspector J. S. Burrows. It was used for washing test .No. 134, 

coking tests Nos. 63, 69, and 70; steaming tests Nos. 247, 251, 256, and 258, steaming 

test on washed coal No. 260, and producer-gas test No. 78.

Two mine samples were taken in this opening for chemical analysis. No. 2248 was 

taken from the upper bench at the face of the opening, 75 feet from the outcrop; No. 2249 

was taken from the lower bench at the same location.
190 OPEBATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Ultimate. > o Proximate. t*

f Ash......... ........................................................

O wpppn

loriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

2248 

1.90

3.90 

34.08 

5C.96 

5.06 

^90

2249 

5.00

.6.80 

33.01 

58.26 

1.93 

.68

Car 

sample.

2476 

1.90

3.35 

35.13 

55.94 

5.58 

.92 

5.19 

77.02 

1.42 

9.87

7,740 

13,932

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 247, Virginia No. 2.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 49.6 percent; J inch to 1 inch, 23 per cent; $ 

inch to * inch, 12.4 per cent; under J inch, 15 per 

cent. Duration of test, 8 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

Test 251, Virginia No. 2.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 45 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 18 per cent; J 

inch to J inch, 13.4 per cent; under J inch 23.6 per 

cent. Duration of test, 8 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

Test 256, Virginia No. 2.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 28.9 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 18.9 per cent; 

i inch to J inch, 15 per cent, under \ inch. 37.2 per

cent. Duration of test, 8.43 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

Test 258, Virginia No. 2.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 31.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 19 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 16.9 per cent; under \ inch, 32.3 

per cent. Test run on an ordinary Frost fire-tube 

boiler. Duration of test, 7 hours. Kind of grate, 

rocking.

Test 200, Virginia No. 2, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch. 49.5 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 23.3 per 

cent; \ inch to \ inch, l'2.6"per cent; under J inch, 

14.6 per cent. Duration of test, 9.87 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking.
TESTS VIRGINIA.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

191

Heating value of coal.. B. T. U. per pound dry coal. . 

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per

hour. ................................ . .pounds. .

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed . 

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as

Water evaporated from and at 212° F. :

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

Test 247.

14,443

 .10

2,548

18.52

3.71

104.0

8.21

9.70

10.02

10.74

67.00

2.90'

3.58

2.82

3.48

Test 251.

14,285

.10

2,515

17.71

3.41

95.60

7.82

9.32

9.65

10.45

65.24

3.03

3.75

2.93

3.62

Test 256.

14,317

.15

2,673

18.24

3.13

87.6 

7.67

9 16

9 56

If) 4"i

3.09

3.81

2.96

3.65

Test 258.

14,254 

0.23

.20

fr\

t> 110. 0 

6.96

8.26

8.57

9 tc\

1 49

4.23

i in

4.07

Test 260.

14,497 

0.34

if

2,671

18.02

3.13

87.7. 

7.79

9

OC

. 9.68

in is

7 n9

3.73

2 92

3.61

a Too low for pyrometer. i> Approximately.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ae'i ................................................

Ullimale.

Ash ................................................

Test 247.

35.34

56.72

5.38-

100.00 

.98

79.86

5.01

7.12

1.48

1.01

100.00

Test 251.

3.37

33.75

56.41

6.47

100.00

.82

79.00

4 95

7.04

.85

6.70

100. 00

Test 256.

4.22

33.48

56.11

6 19

100.00 

.82

79.18

4 96

7.08

.86

6.46

100.00

Test 258.

i r,n

56.23

6.61

100.00 

.85

78.82

4 94

' 7. 05

1 d^

.88

6. 86

100.00

Test 260.

~) 

3.34

56.04

100. 00 

.85

80.74

5 0^

7.21

1 49

.88

4 63

100.00

a Figured from car sample.
192 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 78, Virginia No. 2.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 74 per cent; J inch to 1 inch 11 percent; J inch 

to J inch, G per cent; under \ inch, 9 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours.

Average electrical horsepower....................:.............................................. 197.5

Average B. T, U. gas, per cubic foot...................................................'......... 169.0

Total coal fired,pounds.......................................................................... 12,950

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.39

1.31

1.18

1.11

1.47

1.38

Dry coal.

1.36

1.28

1.15

1.09

1.43

1.35

1.22

1.15

Combustible.

1.38

1.20

1.09

1.02

1. 35

1.27

1.14

1.88

Test 78.

ANALYSES.

' Coal. 

Moisture. .............. . . .........

Volatile matter. ............ ........

Ash .....................................

Test 78.

2.36

36.40

55.44

5.80

100.00

.67

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) .........................

Test 78.

8.2

13.0

3.5

53.0

100.0

WASHING TEST. 

Test 134, Virginia No. 2.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal.............................................................................. .pounds.. 28,000

Washed coal..............................................................................do.... 24,550

Refuse........................................................:.................... .do.... 3,450
TESTS VIRGINIA. 193

ANALYSES.

Ash............................................................................

Test 134.

Raw coal.

. 3. 35 

35. 13 

55. 94 

5.58 

.92

Washed 

coal.

G.39

3. 95

.88

COKING TESTS.

Test 03, Virginia No.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 51 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,518

Breeze produced....................do.... 291

Coke produced..................per cent.. 62.-6S

Breeze produced....................do.... 2. 43

Total percentage yield............... 05.08

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Good foundry coke. Large draft, giving more intense heat, 

would probably give better coke. Used small 

draft at first to hold charge as long as possible.

Test 09, Virginia No. 2.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 48 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,314

Breeze produced....................do.... 433

Coke produced............'..... .per cent.. GO. 95

Breeze produced ...................do.... 3.61

Total percentage yield .............. 64. 50

Test 09, Virginia No. 2 Continued.

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Good heavy 

coke. Breeze content largo, due to not grinding 

coal. Not as good as coke from ground charge. 

High yield due to deposited carbon.

Test 7O, Virginia No. 2, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Duration of est, 40 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced......................do.... 6,090

Breeze produced....................do.... 294

Coke produced..................per cent.. 60.96

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.94

Total percentage yield............... 03.90

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Good hard 

coke. Washing does not improve coke enough to 

warrant the expense. High yield due to deposited carbon..

ANALYSES.

Ash ......................................

Test 63.

Coal.

3.88 

 34. 11 

57.01 

5.00 

1.02

Coke.

0.25 

1.08 

91.25 

7.42 

.68

Test 69.

Coal.

3.86 

34.13 

50.39 

5.62 

.79

Coke. '

0.69 

.93 

90. 33 

8.05 

.65

Test 70.

Coal.

0.90 

34.17 

56. 03 

3.84 

.91

Coke.

0.45 

1.23 

92. 25 

0.07 

.09

VIRGINIA NO. 3.

Bituminous coal from Coburn mine, Virginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company, Tonas Creek, 

Wise County, Va., on the Norfolk and Western Railway.

This sample, which was loaded under the supervision of Inspector W. J. Vou Borries, 

consisted of lump coal (over 3^-inch bar screen). It was used in making coking tests 

Nos. 61 and 88, steaming tests Nos. 280 and 283, and producer-gas test No. 75.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. No. 2281 is from the seventeenth 

east heading, 3,000 feet northeast of the drift mouth; No. 2282 is from room 3 off the 

eleventh west heading, 2,000 feet northeast of the drift mouth.

Bull. 290 06 13
194 OPEEATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

 Mine samples. Car 

sample.

Laboratory number. 

Air-drying loss......

Moisture........

Volatile matter. 

Fixed carbon... 

I Ash.... I......

[Sulphur.......

Hydrogen......

Carbon.........

Oxygen.................

Calorific value determined: 

Calories...............

British thermal units..

2281

1.60

2.70 

32.45 

60.3(5

4.49 

.52

2282

1.70

2.91 

31.99 

CO. 97

4.13 

.55

2382

2.20

3.05

31.65

60.82

4.48

.67

5.17

80.35

1.59

7.74

8,039

14,470

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 28O, Virginia No. 3.

Size as shipped, over 3J inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 44.7 percent; J inch to 1 inch, 20.2 per 

cent; i inch to $ inch,-15.7 per cent; under \ inch, 

19.4 per cent. Duration of test, 9.88 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking. :

Test 283, Virginia No. 3.

Size as shipped, over 3i inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 32.8 percent; J inch to 1 inch, 16.5 per 

cent; J inch to \ inch, 15.6 percent; under J inch, 

35.1 per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 280. Test 283.

Heating value of coal.................................B. T. U. per pound dry coal.. 14,908 14,936

Force of draft:

Under stack damper..............................................inch water.. 0.42 0.37

Above fire...............................................................do.... .15 .16

Furnace temperature.........................................................°F.. 2,452 2,537

.Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour................pounds.. 16.40 16.47

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds....\..................................................................... 2.91 2.99

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed............................... 81.6 83.8

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired................pounds.. 8.14 8.18.

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of coal as fired................................................do.... 9.74 9.79

Per pound of dry coal....................................................do....1 9.91 10.12

Perpound of combustible......................;........................do.... 10.66 10.84

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ................................... .per cent.. 64.19 65.43

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour......................................pounds.. 2.90 2.89

Per electrical horsepower hour...........;,.................. ..........do.... 3.59 3. 57

Dry coal: .

Per indicated horsepower hour.........................................do.... 2.85 2.79

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.... 3.52 3.45
TESTS VIRGINIA. 195

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash...........................

Test 280.

1.73

33.25

60.35

4.07

100.00

.64

Test 283.

3.29

32.00

CO. 20

4.51

100.00

.56

Ultimate.

Ash. .........................

Test' 280.

82.80

4.98

5.18

J. 64

.65

4.75

100.00

Test 283.

82.95

4.98

5.19

1.64

 t^Q

4.66

100.00

" Figured from car sample.

PKODTJCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 75, Virginia No. 3.

Size as shipped, over 3J inches. Size as used, over 1 inch, 51 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 14 per cent; 

1 inch to J inch, 13 per cent; under i inch, 22 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower...........................................'........................ 194.8

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot.............................................................. 156.4

Total coal fired, pounds.........................................................;................ 11,050

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS* PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine. . ...............................................

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.21

1.13

1.03

.96

1.29

1.21

1.10

1.03

Dry coal.

1.18

1.11

1.01

.95

1.27

1.19

1.08

1.01

Combustible.

1.13

1.06

.96

.90

1.21

i i^

1.03

.96

Test 75.

ANALYSES.

Coal. 

Moisture ................................

V olat lie matter ........'.................

Fixed carbon ...........................

Ash.....................................

Test 75.

1.66

31.68

61.76

4.90

100.00

.49

Gas by volume.

Test 75.

 i

iy. o

54.1

100.0
196. OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COKING TESTS.

Test 01, Virginia No. 3.

Size as shipped, over 3£ inches. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 45 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......... 1............do.... 8,100

Breeze produced....................do.... 240

Coke produced...........

Breeze produced-.........

....percent.. 68.00 

.......do.... 2.00

Total percentage yield.............. 70.00

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Very heavy 

coke. Breaks in long, large, heavy pieces. Fine 

coke. High yield due to deposited carbon.

Test 88, Virginia iVo. 3.

Size as shipped, over 3J inches. Size as used, 

same. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,907

Breeze produced....................do.... 336

Coke produced..................per cent.. 65.89

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.80

Total percentage yield.............. 68.69

Remarks. Fine coke. Light gray and silvery. 

Very heavy. Breakage good; long,-large pieces. 

Yield not so high and breeze higher than in coke 

from crushed coal.

ANALYSES.

Ash ..................:........................................

Test 61.

Coal.

2.87 

31.58 

61. 43 

4.12 

.56

Coke.

0.29 

1.21 

92.60 

5.90 

.61

Teet 88.

Coal.

2.49 

31. 90 

61.16 

4.45

.57

Coke.

0.16 

1.26 

91.85 

6.73 

.55

VIRGINIA NO. 4.

Bituminous coal from Darby mine, Darby Coal and Coke Company, Darby, Lee County, 

Va., on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

This sample was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves, and consisted 

of lump coal over 1^-inch bar screen. The following tests were made: Coking test No. 62, 

steaming tests Nos. 240, 248, 254, and 245, and producer-gas test No. 74.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis: No. 2323 was cut in room 18 off 

the first butt entry, 1,423 feet from the drift mouth; No. 2324 was taken in room 1 off the 

third butt entry, 900 feet from the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

(Ash.................................................................

lorific value determined: '

Mine 

samples.

2323 

1.90

 3! 89 

. 34. 89. 

58.16 

3.06 

.34

7,858 

14, 144

2324 

1.50

3.55 

37.06 

56.88 

2.51 

.50

Car 

sample.

2358 

2.00

4.35 

36.89 

54.43 

4.33 

.79 

5.25 

76.99 

1.32 

11.32

7,744 

13,939
TESTS VIRGINIA. 197

STEAMING TESTS.

Test'240, Virginia No. 4.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 46.5 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 21.9 per 

cent; i inch to 1 inch, 12.9 per cent; under J- inch, 

18.7 per cent. Duration of test, 9.70 hours.. Kind 

of grate, plain.

Test 248, Virginia No. 4.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, 4C.1 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 20.4 per 

cent; J inch to i inch, 12.5 per cent; under J inch, 

21.0 per cent. Duration of test, 8.02 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain. Limestone spread over grate at 

start.

Test 254, Virginia No. 4."

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, 

over 1 inch, G2.0 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 15.4 per 

cent; J- inch to »J inch, 7.9 per cent; under i inch, 

14.1 per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind 

of grate, plain. Limestone spread over grate at 

start.

Test *4.->, 2-3 Virginia No. 4 and 1-3 Pennsylvania No. 8 (dried).

Size as shipped, ovet 1J inches and run of mine. 

Size as used, over 1 inch, 44.8 per cent; £'inch to 1 

inch, 13.0 per cent; J inch to £ inch, 9.3 per cent; 

under } inch, 32.3 per cent. Coals mixed. Duration of test, 7.82 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal ........... B. T. U. per pound dry coal. . 

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper.. ...................... .inch water.. 

Above fire. ............. . ........... -do

Dry coal used per square foot of 

pounds

..................... °F..

grate surface per hour

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour. - nonnds

Percentage of rated horsepower of I 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212° 

Per pound of coal as fired ......

Per pound of combustible......

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour.

Dry. coal:

pound of coal as fired,

F.: 

.............. .pounds.. 

...................do....

....................do....

.............. ...pounds. . 

....................do....

.............'......do....

....................do....

Test 240.

14,558

0. 53 

.22 

2,224

15.73

3.04 

85. 10

7. 83

9.33 

9. 00 

10. 39 

04. 08

3. 03 

3.74

2.93 

3.01

Test 248.

14,077

0.40 

.11

2, 483

17.14

3.48 

97.50

8.23

9.81 

10.18 

10. 80 

00. 98

2.88 

3. 50

2.78 

 3.43

Test 254.

14,414

0.44' 

.13

2,582

18.0

3.40 

90.0

7.70

9.22 

9. 02 

10.20 

04. 45

3.07 

3.79

2.94 

3.03

Test 245.

14, 470

0.45 

 .12 

 2, 338

17.14

3.00

85.7

7.27

8.00 

8.93 

9.81- 

59. 57

3.27 

4. 03

3.17 

3.91

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash...........................................................

Test 240.

3.40

30. 01

55.87

4.72

100.00 

-.49

Test 248.

3.02

35. 84 '

50.58

3.90

' 100.00 

.44

Test 254.

4.13

30.18

50.09

3.00

100.00 

.44

Test 245.

2.99

28.16

03.30

5.55

100.00 

.70
OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905. 

ANALYSES continued.

Ultimate. 

Carbon a ......................................................

Ash...........................................................

Test 240.

80.44

4.99

7.79

1.38

.51

4.89

100.00

Test 248.

81.15

5.03

7.86

1.39

.46

4.11

100.00

Test 254.

81.44

5.05

7.89

1.40

.46

3.76

100.00

Test 245.

81.24

4.46

6.45

1.41

.72

5.72

100.00

<* Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 74, Virginia No. 4.

Size as shipped, over 1J inches. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower...............................................:................... 196.3

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 167.2

Total coal fired, pounds ......................................................................... 12,200

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 74.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.31

1.24

\

1.12

1.06

1.38

1.31

1.17

1.11

Dry coal.

1.28

1.21

1.09

1.03

1.35

1.27

1.14

1.08

Combustible.

1.24

1.18

1.05

1.00

1.31

' 1.24

1.11

1.05

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash.....................................

Test 74.

2.72

36.79

57.72

2.77

100.00

.42

Gas by volume.

Test 74.

7.5

23.5

13.8

3.3

51.9

100.0
TESTS VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA. 199

COKING TEST. 

Test 62, Virginia No. 4. 

Size as shipped, over 1J inches.- Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 30 hours.' 

Coal charged...........................................................................pounds.. 10,OCO

Coke produced.............................................................................do.... 6,272

Breeze produced..........................................................................do.... 241

Coke produced.............................. ^........................................ .per cent.. 62.72

Breeze produced....................................:................................,... .do.... 2. 41

Total percentage yield..................................................................... 05.13

. Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fine-fingered coke. Breaks in long, thin pieces. Light-weight 

coke.

ANALYSES.

Volatile matter ....................................................................

Ash.........................................:......................................

Test 02.

Coal.

3.87 

36.39

55.00 

4.14 

.39-

Coke.

0.10 

1.14 

92.90 

5.80 

.42

AVEST VIRGINIA NO. 4.

Bituminous coal from No. 2 mine, Elkins Coal Company, Bretz, Preston County, W. Va., 

on the Morgan town and Kingwood Railroad.

This sample, designated West Virginia No. 4 B in this report, consisted of run-of-mine 

coal. It was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. W. Groves, and was used in 

making washing test No. 127 and coking tests Nos. 40, 44, and 46.«

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 2054 from the 

second left heading off the main entry, 1,300 feet from the drift mouth, and No. 2055 from 

the third right entry off the main entry, 800 feet southeast of the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

f A.sh .................................................................

lorific valus determined:

Mine samples.

2054 

2.40

3.57 

27.38 

62. 84 

0.21 

,85

7,899

14,218

2055 

2.30

3.47 

28.05 

02.70 

5.18 

.80

Car 

sample.

22JO 

2.00

3.91 

26.08 

59.30 

10.11 

1.07 

4.09 

74.73 

1.56 

7.84

7,428 

13,370

a For tests made during 1904 on the same coal see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 201,1905, pp. 71,82, 111, 

and 127.
200 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 127, West Virginia No. 4 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal................................................................................pounds.. 26, GOO

Washed coal.......................:...................................................... do.... 21,000

Refuse..............................................................................do.

ANALYSES.

5,600

Ash............................................................................

Test 127.

Raw coal.

3.91 

.26.68

59.30 

10.11 

1.07

Washed 

coal.

4.47

7.76 

.81

COKING TESTS.

Test 40, West Virginia No. 4 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 57 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced.......................do... 7,553

Breeze produced.....................do... 286

Coke produced..................per cent.. 75. 53

Breeze produced.....................do... 2.86

Total percentage yield.............. 78.39

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. High yield 

due to deposited carbon. Breakage somewhat 

crosswise, but in good-sized pieces. Very good 

coke.

Test 44, "West Virginia No. 4 B,.washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not 

crushed. Duration of test, 72 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced.......................do... 8,129

Breeze produced.....................do... 337

Coke produced..................per cent.. 67.74

Breeze produced.....................do... 2.81

Total percentage yield.............. 70.55

Remarks. Fine coke. Silvery color. Much 

deposited carbon. Heavy, good foundry coke. 

Breakage, practically perfect. Coal not ground. 

These tests would seem to indicate better coke 

physically from coal not ground, but per cent 

yield is lower, and the difference in yield would 

seem to warrant grinding.

Test 46, \Vest Virginia No. 4 B, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Duration of test, 74 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 9,760

Coke produced.......................do... 7,220

Breeze produced.....................do... 268

Coke produced..................percent.. 73. 98

Breeze produced.....................do... 2.75

Total percentage yield............... 76.73

Remarks. Fine coke. Heavy, good-sized 

pieces, though breakage is not so good as coke 

from charge not ground. Unfortunate that 

charges were not same size, so as to make better 

comparison, but there were only 9,760 pounds of 

coal left. Yield better than coke from coal not 

ground. Washing does not improve enough to 

warrant this expense.

ANALYSES.

Ash ......................................

Test 40.

Coal.

4.24 

26.57 

58.8'9 

10.30 

.97

Coke.

.35 

.68 

86.01 

12.96 

.82

Test 44.

Coal.

5.40 

26.83 

59.90 

7.87 

.93

Coke.

.60 

1.20 

87.04 

11.16

.72

Test 46.

Coal.

3.87 

27.72 

59.67 

8.74 

.87

Coke.

.27 

1.37 

86.98 

11.38 

.78
TESTS WEST VIEGINIA. 201

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 13.

Bituminous coal from Page No. 2 mine, Loup Creek Colliery Company, Page, Fayette 

County, W. Va., on the Deep Water Railway and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.

This sample, which consisted of run-of-mine coal, was loaded under the supervision of 

E. W. Parker, of the United States Geological Survey. It was used in making coking 

test No. 21, steaming tests Nos. 179 and 180, and producer-gas test No. 56. It was also 

used, mixed with West Virginia No. 14, in making coking test No. 23.

Mine samples Nos. 1867 and 1868 were taken from the two distinct benches in the mine.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Volatile matter.......................... ....

1 A sh .................................................................

[Sulphur . ............................................................

loriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

a 1807 

4.50

5.48 

29.70 

G2. 53 

2.29 

.79

8,030

14,454

61868 

1.90

2.93 

31.95 

00.17 

4.95 

1.22

Car 

sample.

2028 

2. CO

3.74 

31.04 

01.31 

3.91 

.89 

5.31 

80.50 

1.32 

8.07

8,020 

14,430

Lower bench. 6 Upper bench.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 179, West, Virginia No. 13.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 15.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 19.7 per cent; 

.J inch to J inch, 22.4 per cent; under J inch,. 42.5 

per sent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 180, West Virginia No. 13.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 12.7 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 13.3 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 19.0 per cent; under J inch, 54.4 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.95 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Furnace temperature.

per pound dry coal. .

................do....

............ ....°F

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. .... ............pounds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per 

hour ............. .. ... nnnnrls

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired . . .

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired .................:.............

Per pound of combustible ...............................

Efficiency of boiler, including grate.. .......................

................do....

................do....

....'............do....

...........per cent..

Test 179.

14,999

0.37 

.08 

2,428 

10.47

3.45 

90.8 

8.71

10.12 

10.50 

11.11 

07.60

Test 180.

14,933

0.37 

.10 

2,312 

15.19

3.22 

90.1 

8.09

10.11 

10.59 

11.29 

08.48
202 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

......................do....

......................do....

......................do....

Test 179.

2.79

3.45

2.69

3.32

Test 180.

2.80

3.45

2.07

3.30

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash..........................

Test 179.

3.59

30.88

61.69

3.84

100.00

.94

Test 180.

4.53

2<J. 82

61.38

4.27

100. 00

.85

Ultimate.

Ash..........................

*

Test 179.

83.64

5.09

4.93

1.38

.98

3.98

100. 00

Test 180

83.3

5.0

4.9(

1.3

.&'

4.4

100. 01

o Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 56, West Virginia No. 13.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size.as used, over 1 inch, 25 per cent; } inch to 1 inch, 42 per cent; J inch 

to $ inch, 20 per cent; under J inch, 13 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours.

Average electrical horsepower...................................................:..~.............. 200.5

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot.:............................................................ 139.2

Total coal fired...........................................................................pounds.. 9,750

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (FOUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.03

.97

.87

.83

1.10

1.04

.93

.88

Dry coal.

1.00

.95

.85

.80

1.07

1.01

.91

.86

Combustible.

0.96

.91

.82

.78

1.03

.97

.87

.83

Test 56.
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA.

ANALYSES.

203

Coal.

Ash...........................:.........

Test 56.

2.05

31.00

02.82

3. 53

100.00

.82

Gas by volume. 

Carbon dioxide (COu) ...../............

Methane (CH<) .........................

Test 50.

9 8

18.4

13.7

2.3

CC Q

100.0

COKING TESTS.

Test 21, West Virginia No. 13.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 84 hours.

Coal charged......................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do....' 7,955

Breeze produced....................do.... 413

Coke produced................. .-per cent.. 00.29

Breeze produced....................do.... 3. 44

Total percentage yield............... 09.73

Remarks. Good, hard coke. Foundry coke. 

Light-gray and silvery color. High yield duo to 

deposited carbon.

Test 23, West Virginia No. 13 and 14 

mixed in equal proportions.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 77 hours. 

Coal charged.............:...... .pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 8,093

Breeze produced....................do.... 215

Coke produced..................percent.. 07. 44

Breeze produced.. .................do.... 1.79

Total percentage yield............... 09. 23

Remarks. Good, hard coke. Foundry coke. 

Light-gray and silvery color. High yield due to 

deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Ash...........................................................

Test 21.

Coal.

3.23 

31.12 

61.98 

3.07 

.80

Coke.

0.75 

1.05 

93. 30 

4.84

.77

Test 23.

Coal.

4.81 

29. 28 

62. 84 

3.07 

.89

Coke.

0.43 

1.37 

94.20 

4.00 

.84

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 14.

Bituminous coal from Page No. 1 mine, Loup Creek Colliery Company, Page, Fayette 

County, W. Va., on the Deep Water Railway and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was shipped under the supervision of 

E. W. Parker, of the United States Geological Survey. The following tests were made: 

Coking test No. 20, steaming tests Nos. 178 and 181, and producer-gas test No. 54. It 

was also used mixed with West Virginia No. 13 in making coking test No. 23.

Three mine samples were taken in this mine. No. 1869 was cut from the lower bench, 

No. 1870 from the middle bench, and No. 2178 was a sample of the entire seam.
204 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905. '

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

 Mine samples. Car 

sample.

Laboratory number . 

Air-drying loss.......

Moisture................

Volatile matter.......:.

Fixed carbon...........

jAsh....................

[Sulphur................

Hydrogen...............

Carbon..................

Nitrogen................

Oxygen.................

Calorific value determined:

Calories................

British thermal units..

2.30

3.53 

29. 3fi 

04. 77

2.34 

.92

61870

1.80

2. 90

30.23

59.37

7.44

1.04

7,762

13,972

2178

3.20

4.11

29.08

59.36

7.45

2004

3.10

5.09

29.07

62.57

3.27

1.03

5.33

78.23

1.51

10.03

7,839

14,110

Lower bench. b Middle bench.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 178, West Virginia No. 14.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 26.8 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 14.5 per cent; 

| inch to J inch, 10.7 per cent; under J inch, 42 

per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 181, West Virginia No. 14.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 23.1 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 15.5 per cent; 

J inch to i inch, H>.4 per cent; under J inch, 45 

per cent. Duration of test, 7.00 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain. Limestone spread over grate- at 

start.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Test 178. Test 181.

Heating value of coal............................... B. T. U. per pound dry coal.. 15,048 15,003

Force of draft:

Under stack damper..........:...................................inch water.. 0.42 0.50

Above fire...............................................................do.... .16 .13

Furnace temperature......................................................... ° F.. 2,337 2,459

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour...:.............. pounds.. 14.38 19.31

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds.............................................................:............. 3.02 3.70

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed............................... . 84.6 103.8

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired................pounds.. 8.80 7.84

Water evaporated from and at 212°F.:

Per pound of coal as fired...............................................do.... 10.22 , 9.11

Perpound of dry coal...................................................do.... ' 10.52 ;<.00

Per pound of combustible..........".....................................do.... 10.88 10.14

Efficiency of boiler, including grate......................................per cent.. 67.51 61.79

Coal as fired:

Per indicated horsepower hour.......................................pounds.. 2.77 3.10

Per electrical horsepower hour..........................................do.... 3.41 3.83

Dry coal:

Per indicated horsepower hour..........................................do.... 2.69 2.95

Per electrical horsepower hour.............................'............ .do.... 3.32 3.64
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA.

ANALYSES.

205

Proximate.

Ash..........................

Test 178.

2.85 

30.13 

C4.78 

2.24

100. 00' 

1.06

Test 181.

5.15 

28.38 

04.09 

2.38

100.00 

1.11

Ultimate.

Ash...........................

Test 178.

83.41 

5.07 

0.51 

1.01 

1.09 

2.31

100.00

Test 181.

83.10 

5.00 

0.50 

1.60 

1.17 

2.51

100.00

^ Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 54, West Virginia No. 14.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 47 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................... 201.3

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot..................................................;........... 147.0

Total coal fired, pounds .........................................................'................. 9,750

COAL CONSUMED IN PHODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 54.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1.08

1.03

.92

.87

1.15

1.10

98

.93

Dry coal.

1.05

1.00

.89

.85

1.12

1.06

.95

.90

Combustible.

1.02

.97

.87

.82

1.08

1.03

.92

.88

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Test 54.

3.12

28.99

05.22

2.07

100.00 

1.21

Oas by volume. 

Carbon dioxide (C02 ) ..................

Nitrogen (N2) .............. .-.-. .........

Test 54.

8.6

20.7

13.3

9 3

55.1

100.0
206 OPEKAT10NS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COKING TEST.

Test 20, \Vest Virginia No. 14.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 71 hours. 

Coal charged......................................................................... .pounds.. 11,000

Coke produced............................................................................ do.... 7,154

Breeze produced......................................................................... -do.... 364

Coke produced....................................................................... .per cent.. 65.04

Breeze produced.......................................................................... .do.... 3.31

Total percentage yield..................................................................... 68.35

Remarks. Good hard coke. Foundry coke. Light-gray and silvery color. High yield due to 

deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Test 20.

Ash........................................----....-...............-..-./--.--.....

Coal.

1.04

29.28

06. 80

2.88

1.04

Coke.

0.38

.96

C5.19

3.47

.94

WEST VIKG TNTA 1STO. 15.

Bituminous coal from Ocean mine, Fairmont Coal Company, 3 miles east of Clarksburg, 

Harrison County, W. Va., on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J. S. Burrows. It was used in making coking tests Nos. 36 and 43 and steaming tests 

Nos. 214, 215, and 216.

Two mine samples were taken for chemical analysis. No. 2039 was cut from the second 

butt entry off the third face entry, 2,750 feet northwest of the drift mouth. No. 2040 was 

cut in room 7 off the third butt entry, 2,025 feet northeast of. the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES!

J Ash. .................................................................

Carbon .................. i ............................................

Nitrogen .............................................................

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2039 

1.50

2.80 

38.51 

53. 14 

5.55 

2.40

7,836 

14, 105

2040 

1.90

3.27 

37.72 

53.27 

5.74 

2.41

CV 

sample.

2195 

0.90

2.01 

37.31 

52.13 

8.55 

2.54 

5.08 

75.83 

1.43 

6.57

7,673 

13,811
TESTS WEST VIKGINIA. 207

STEAMING TESTS.

Test, 214, West Virginia No. 15.

Size as shipped, ran of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 33.1 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 24.4 per cent; 

J inch to £ inch, 15 per cent; under | inch, 27.5 per 

cent. Duration of test, 8.78 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 315, West Virginia No. 15.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 32.0 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 24.2 per cent;

i inch to $ inch, 15.8 per cent; under J inch, 27.4 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.75 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 210, West Virginia No. 15.

Size as shipped run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 43.5 per cent; A inch to 1 inch, 20.3 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 14.5 per cent; under J inch, 21.7 per 

cent. Duration of test, 5.80 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of co 

Force of draft: 

Under stack dai

Furnace tempo ratu 

Dry coal used per sq 

Equivalent water ev

Percentage of rated 

Water apparently e 

Water evaporated f 

Per pound of co 

Per pound of dr 

Per pound of co 

Efficiency of boiler, 

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated he 

Per electrical ho 

Dry coal: 

Per indicated he 

Per electrical ho

il...................

uare foot of grate sur 

aporated per square

horsepower of boile 

vaporated per pounc 

rom and at 212 °F.:

..........................do....

.......................... .°F..

foot of water-heating surface

i of coal as fired..... .pounds.. 

..........................do....

..........................do....

..........................do....

.........................do....

..........................do....

..........................do....

Test.214.

.14,120

0.53 

.22 

2,247 

10.32

2.08 

75.2 

7.05

9.00 

9.18 

10. 92

02. 70

3.14

3.88

3. 08 

3.80

Test 215.

14,202

0.40 

.12 

2,269 

10. 77

3. 01 

84.4 

7.44

8.77 

8.99 

10.04 

01.13

3.22 

3.98

3.15 

3.88

Test 21 C.

14, 197

0.41 

a. 04 

2,305 

21.28

3.07 

103. 0 

7.14

8.41 

8.05 

9.03 

58.84

3.30 

4.15

3.27 

4.04

« Forced draft.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Volatile matter. . . .

Ash.................

Sulphur. ...........

Test 214. Test 215.

1. 90 2. 47 

38. 18 38. 38 

51.90 51.48 

8. 02 7. G7

100. 00 100. 00 

3. 01 2. 77

Test 210.

Ultimate.

38. 43 Hydrogen a. .......

100- 00 Ash................

2.71

Test 214.

77.45 

4.97 

4.87 

. 1. 40 

3.07 

8.18

100.00

Test 215.

77.93 

5.00 

4.90 

1.47 

2.84 

7.80

100.00

Test 210.

77.90 

5.00 

4.89 

1.47 

2.79 

7.95

100.00

a Figured from car sample.
208 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COKIKG TESTS.

Test 36, West Virginia No. 15.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 46 hours. 

Coal charged......'............. .pounds.. 30,000

Coke produced..................... .do.... 6,867

Breeze produced................... .do.... 267

Coke produced................ . .per cent.. 68.'C7

Breeze produced................... .do.... 2. 76

Total percentage yield.............'. 71. 43

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Good, 

heavy coke. High yield due to deposited carbon. Sulphur high.

Test 43, West Virginia No. 15.

Si/e as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw: Duration of test, 73 hours.

Coal charged................... .pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced..................... .do.... 8,404

Breeze produced................... .do.... 209

Coke produced................ . .per cent.. 70. 03

Breeze produced................... .do.... 2.24

Total percentage yield............... 72.27

liemarks. Fine heavy coke. Silvery color. 

Breakage practically perfect; large pieces. Sulphur high. High yield due to deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Ash ............................................................

Test 36. .

Coal.

1.79 

37.90 

53.00 

7.31 

2.73

Coke.

0.45 

.78 

. 88.70 

10.07 

2.09

Test 43.

Coal.

2.33 

38.33 

51.72 

7.62 

2.72

Coke.

0.26 

1.S9 

87.30 

10. 55 

2.26

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 16.

Bituminous coal from Monongha mine No. 6, Fairmont Coal Company, Monongha, 

Marion County, W. Va., on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

Two samples of coal were shipped from this mine under the supervision of Inspector J. S. 

Burrows. West Virginia No. 16 A consisted of three-fourths inch lump coal over a threefourths inch screen. It was used in making coking test No. 73 and producer-gas test .No. 

86. West Virginia No. 16 B consisted of slack coal which had passed through a three-fourths 

inch screen. It was used in making washing test No. 128 and coking tests Nos. 45, 48, and 

49.

Two mine samples were taken from this mine for chemical analysis as follows: No. 2041 

from room 2 on the third right entry, 5,000 feet southwest of the drift mouth; No. 2042 

from room 1 off the third left entry, 5,000 feet northwest of the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

J Ash. .................................................................

loriflc value determined :

Mine samples.

2041 

1.30

2.89 

34.54 

56.86 

5.71 

.69

7,800

14,540

2042 

1.40

2.68 

35. 97 

55.78 

5.57 

1.06

Car 

sample.

2264 

4.40

5.57 

31.61 

54.45 

8.37 

1.20 

5.08 

72.74 

1.46 

11.15

7,274 

13, 093
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA. 209

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 80, West Virginia No. 10 A.

Size as shipped, over j inch. Size as used, over 1 inch, 86 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 5 per cent; i 

inch to J inch, 4 per cent; under J inch, 5 per cent. Duration of tost, 50 hours: 

Average electrical horsepower.....................................................^............. 198.5

Average 13. T. U. gas, per cubic foot.......................................:.................... 150.1

Total coal fired....................................................................... .pounds.. 13,150

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 86.

Coal as ,», - i Corn- fired. Urycoal. bustible.

Per electrical horsepower:

Available for outside purposes...................................... 1.41 1.38 1.28

Developed at switch board.......................................... 1.33 1.30 1.20

Per brake horsepower: . I

Availableforoutsidopurposes....................................'... 1.20 1.17 1.09

Developed at engine................................................. 1 1.13 1.10 1.02

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Available for outside purposes........................................ 1.49 1.45 1.35

Developed at switch board.............'............................. 1.40 1.37 1.27

Per brake horsepower:

Available for outside purposes....................................... 1.20 1.24 1.15

Developed at engine................................................. 1.19 1.16 l.(

ANALYSES. 

Test 80.

Coal. Gas by volume.

Moisture................................ 2.28 Carbon dioxide (CO2).................. 8.4

Volatile matter.......................... 35.54 Carbon monoxide (CO)................. 21.2

Fixed carbon..................'......... 55.29 Hydrogen ( It,)......................... 14.0

Ash ..................................... G. 89 Methane (CH<)......................... . 2. 5

Nitrogen (N2 ).......................... 53.9

100.00

0.95 u

100.0

WASHING TEST. 

Test 138, West Virginia No. 16 U.

Size as shipped, slack. . Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal...............................................................................pounds.. 22,825

Washed coal..............................................................................do.... 19,800

' Refuse ............................................................................. do.... 3,025

ANALYSES.

Test 128. 

Raw coal. coa,

Moisture...................................................................... 5.57 5.41

Volatile matter............................................................... 31.61

Fixed carbon.................................................................. 54. 45

Ash........................................................................... 8.37 5.91

Sulphur........................................................................ 1.20 .92

Bull. 290-
210 OPERATIONS OF .FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

COKING TESTS.

Test 73, West Virginia No. 16 A.

Size as shipped, over'J inch. Size as used,.finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, CO hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 14,000

Coke produced......................do.... 9,700

Breeze produced. ....................do.... 384

Coke produced..................per cent.. 69.29

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.74

Total percentage yield............... 72.03

Remarks. Light gray and silvery; much deposited carbon to which high yield is due. Fine 

hard, heavy coke.

Test 45, West Virginia No. 1C B.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 72 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 21,000

Coke produced...................... .do.... 8,124

Breeze produced....................do.... 270

Coke produced..................per cent.. G7. 70

Breeze produced.'. ..................do.... 2.30

Total percentage yield............... 70^00

Remarks. Fine heavy coke. Silvery color. 

Breakage practically perfect; large pieces'. Good 

foundry coke if sulphur was reduced a little. 

High yield due to deposited carbon.

Test 48, West Virginia No. 16 B, washed.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Duration of test, 47 hours.

Test 48, West Virginia No. 16 B. Continued.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,984

Breeze produced...........^...;... .do.'... 289

Coke produced..................per cent.. 66.53

Breeze produced....................do.... 2. 41

Total percentage yield............... 68.94

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Light coke. 

Brittle. Ash and sulphur reduced by washing, 

but physical properties not so good as coke from 

raw charge. High yield due to deposited carbon.

Test 49, West Virginia No. 16 B, waslied.

Size as shipped, slack. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Duration of tests, 25 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 7,800

Coke produced..................... .do.... 5,207

Breeze produced................... .do.... 175

Coke produced..................per cent.. 66.76

Breeze produced .................... .do.... 2. 24

Total percentage yie'.d ............... 69.00

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Light coke. 

Brittle. Ash and sulphur reduced by washing, 

but physical properties not so good as coke from 

raw charge. High yie'.d due to deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Volatile matter.

Ash......"...........

Test 73.

Coal.

2.93 

35. 20 

.55.26 

6.61 

0.92

Coke.

0.54 

1.31 

89.07 

9.08 

0.81

. Test 45.

Coal.

& 70

32.52 

53. 44 

8.34 

. . 1. 20

Coke.

0.40 

1.55 

85.61 

12.44 

1.23

Test 48.

Coal.

5.31 

32.83 

55. 89 

 5.97 

0.97

Coke.

0.37. 

1.18

89.87 

8.58 

0.91

Test 49.

Coal.

4.59 

33. 90 

55.71 

5.80 

0. 95

Coke.

0.38 

2.35 

88.91 

8.36 

0.89

AVEST VIRGINIA NO. 17.

Bituminous coal from a country bank 2^ miles above Bretz, Preston County, W. Va., 

 on the Morgantown and Kingwood Railroad. This coal was furnished by the Elkins Coal 

Company, of Bretz, W. Va. ~ - - . 

This sample, which consisted of run-of-mine coal, was loaded under the supervision of 

Inspector J. W. Groves and hauled to the Morgantown and Kingwood Railroad. It was 

used in making washing test No. 132, coking test No. 60, steaming tests Nos. 225 and 226, 

and steaming test on washed coal No. 230.

Two mine samples (Nos. 2056 and 2057) were taken from a prospect hole about onefourth mile below the country bank from which the coal was shipped.
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA. 211

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

j Ash .................................................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2050 

2.30

. 3.22 

29.54 

59.91 

7.33 

1.73

7,775 

13,995

2057' 

3.10

4.05 

28.70 

61.65 

5.60 

1.16

Car 

sample.

2332 

2.50

3.46 

27. 29 

61.13 

8.12 

1.45 

.. 4. 08 

70.98 

1.37 

' 7.40

7,705 

13,869

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 225, West Virginia No. 17.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 11 per cent; fc inch to 1 inch, 11 per cent; £ 

inch to % inch, 16.2 per cent; under £ inch, 61.8 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.92 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 23G, West Virginia No. 17.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 10.5 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 14 per cent;

i inch to J inch, 15.3 per cent; under £ inch, 54.2 par 

cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 23O, AVest Virginia No. 17, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 29.0 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 20.2 per cent; 

i inch to fc inch, 15.7 per cent; under } inch, 34.5 

percent. Duration of test, 10.07 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal. . .................. B. T. U. per pound dry coal. . 

Force of draft:

.......do....

.. . °F

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. ...... .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired. . 

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

. ...pounds.. 

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

.......do....

Test 225.

14, 540

0.53 

.10 

2,105

10.37.

3.00 

84.1 

8.30

9.79 

10.22 

11.32 

67.85

2.89 

3.57

2.77 

3.42

.Test 226.

14, 508

0.61 

.17

17-. 56

3.13

87. 6 

8.06

9.53 

9.94 

11.04 

66.16

2.97 

3. 06

2.84 

3.51

Test 230.

14, 041

0.48 

.19 

2, 392 

17:04

3.17 

89.0 

8.03

9.61 

10. 05 

11.01 

66.29

2.94 

3.63

2.81 

3.47
212 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Test 225. Test 22G. Test 230. Test 225. Test 226. Test 230.

Proximate.

Moisture........

Volatile matter. 

Fixed carbon... 

Ash.............

4.14

27.89

60.87

7.10

Sulphur.

100.00

1.28

4.10

27.92

60.58

7.40

100.00

1.21

4.35

28.35

61.13

6.17

100.00

1.36

Ultimate.

Carbon a......

Hydrogen «... 

Oxygen a.....

Nitrogen a....

Sulphur. 

Ash...........

80.79

4.51

4.51

1.44

1.34

7.41

80.59

4.49

4.50

1.44

1.26

7.72

81.56

4.55

4.57

1.45

1.42

6.45

100.00 100.00 100.00

» Figured from car sample. 

WASHING TEST.

Test 132, West Virginia No. 17.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal..............................................................................pounds.. 29,530

Washed coal ..............................................................................do.... 24,765

Refuse .............................................................................. do.... 4,765

ANALYSES.

Test 132. 

Raw coal.

Moisture ...................................................................... 3.46 5.33

Volatile matter ................... v ........................................... 27.29

Fixed carbon .................................................................. 61.13

Ash ..................................-......'.......... 1......................... 8.12 5. 50

Sulphur ....................................................................... 1.45 1.14

COKING TEST.

Test 60, West Virginia No. 17, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Duration of test, 42 hours. 

Coal charged........................................................................... .pounds.. 10,000

Coke produced.............................................................................do.... 6,675

Breeze produced...........................................................................do.... 293

Coke produced.........................................................................per cent.. 66.75

Breeze produced........................................................................... do.... 2.93

Total percentage yield...................................................................... 69. 68

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Good weight coke. Brittle and breaks badly. High yield due to 

deposited carbon. This was outcrop coal, and results are exceedingly good under these circumstances.
TESTS :WEST VIRGINIA. 213

ANALYSES.

Ash ................................................................................

Test CO.

Coal.

4.84 

28.63 

CO. 49 

6.04 

1.25

Coke.

 0.07 

.63 

91.30 

7.94 

1.04

WEST VIRG.NIA NO. 18.

Bituminous coal from Glen Alum mine, Glen Alum Fi >1 Company, Glen Alum, Mingo 

County, W. Va., on the Norfolk and Western Railway.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was loaded under the supervision of 

Inspector J. W. Groves. Tt was used in making coking tests Nos. 74 and 78, steaming 

tests Nos. 259, 261, and 262, and producer-gas test No. 80.

Two mine samples were taken from this mine for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 

2348 from a crosscut 900 feet from the drift mouth, and No. 2349 from room 19, off the 

twentieth entry, 3,000 feet from the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

JAsh. .................................................................

tloriflc value determined:

Mine samples.

2348 

1.50

2.81 

31.67 

59.02 

0. 50 

0.66

7,754 

13, 957

2349 

2.40

4.04 

31.25 

59.55 

5.16 

.64

Car 

sample.

2527 

1.60

2. 86 

33. 23 

58. 08 

5.83 

.67 

5.01 

78. 38

1.43 

8.68

7,836 

14, 106

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 259, West Virginia No. 18'.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 44.8 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 18.1 per cent; 

1 inch to J inch, 12 per cent; under J inch. 25.1 

per cent. Test run on an ordinary Frost fire-tube 

boiler. Duration of test, 9.95 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 201, West Virginia No. 18.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 22.4 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 20 percent;

| inch to $ inch, 17.1 per cent; under J inch, 40.5 

per cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 262, West Virginia No. 18.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 47.7 per cent; % inch to 1 inch, 17.2 per cent; 

\ inch to \ inch, 11.9 per cent; under} inch, 23.2 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.07 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.
214 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal. .................... .B. T. U. per pound dry coal. . 

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper.. ................................. .inch water. . 

Above fire......... .. do

.......... .°F..

nounds

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface 

per hour. .................... .............................. .nounds. .

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. .....................

.........do....

.........do....

.........do....

.....percent..

.........do....

.........do....

.........do....

Test 259.

14, 470

0.18 

.15

(«)

6100.0

7.38,

8.73 

9.00 

. 9.71 

00.04

3.24 

4.00

3.-14 

3.88

Test 261.

14,414

0.39 

.13 

2,590 

17.80

3.35 

93.8 

8.40

. 10.17 

10.49 

11.41 

70.28

2.78 

3.43

2.09 

3.33

Test 262.

14,384

0.50 

.18 

2,600 

20.44

3.77 

105.6 

8.31

10.0 

10.29 

11.19 

09.08

2.83 

3.49

2.75 

3.39

" Too low to read with pyrometer.

ANALYSES.

b Approximated.

Proximate.

Ash................

Test 259.

3.07

32.71

58.12

6.10

100. 00

0.66

Test 261.

3.02

32. 79

57.66

6.53

100.00

0.66

Test 262.

2.74

32.52

58.02

6.72

100.00

0.69

Ultimate.

Ash................

Test 259.'

80.45

4.82

6.30

1.46

0.68 

 6. 29

100.00

Test 261.

80.08

4.79

6.26

1.46

0.68 

6.73

100.00

Test 262.

70 91

4.78

6.24

1.45

0.71 

0.91

100. 00

o Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 80, West Arirginia No. 18.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 69 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 13 per cent; 

I inch to Jinch, 7 per cent; under 1 inch, 11 per cent. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................... 197.9

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot..................... 1...................................... 158.9

Total coal fired......................................................................... pounds.. 11,250
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA. 215

COAL CONSUMED ]N PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Per electrical horsepower:

 Developed at switch board ..................:.......................

Per brake horsepower: .

Equivalent used by producer plant. 

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Developed at engine. ................................................

Coal as 

fired.

1.20

. 1.14

1.02

0.97

1.27

1.20

'1.08

1.02

Test 80.

Dry coal1.

 1.17

1.11'

1.00

0.94

1.24

1.17

1.05

0.99

Combustible.

1.10

1.04

0.94

-.88

1.17

 1.10

0.99

.94

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash .....................................

Test 80.

2.00

32. 7i

58.89

5.74

100. 00 

0.65

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) .........................

Test 80.

8.6

 2l'.5

12. 9

3.7

11 7

100.0

COKING TESTS.

Test 74, West Virginia No. 18. .

 Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not 

crushed Raw. Duration of test, 43 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced............. i........do.... 8,444

Breeze produced....................do.... 309

Coke produced..................per cent.. 70.37

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.58

Total percentage yield.............. 72.95

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Go'od,hard, 

heavy coke. High yield due to deposited carbon.

Test 78, West Virginia No. 18.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 48 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 8,422

Breeze produced....................do.... 340

Coke produced................. .per cent.. 70.18

Breeze produced...»................do.... 2.83

Total percentage yield.............. 73.01

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Good, hard, 

heavy coke. High yield due to deposited carbon.

ANALYSES.

Ash .......:...................................................

Test 74.

Coal.

3.42 

32.82 

57.02 

6.74 

0.70

Coke.

0.63 

.97 

89.54 

8.86 

0.54

Test 78.

Coal.

4.18 

32.08 

57.69 

6.05 

0.61

Coke.

0.69 

1.19 

89.47 

8.65 

0.53
216 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING- PLANT IN 1905.

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 19.

Bituminous coal from McDonald mine, White Oak Coal Company, McDonald, Fayette 

County, W. Va., on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of 

'Inspector J. W. Groves. It was used in making coking tests Nos. 79 and 83 and steaming 

tests Nos. 285 and 289.

Two mine samples were taken from this mine for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 2359 

from room 11 off the eighteenth left entry, 7,720 feet from the drift mouth; No. 2360 

from room 16 on the sixteenth right entry, 7,600 feet southwest of the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

Proximate. Ultimate. o>jr1 . 

f Ash........ .........................................................

lorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2359 

2.50

3.26 

21.57 

72.71 

' 2.46 

.78

8,207

14, 773

2360 

2.80

3.51 

21.11 

72.83 

2.55 

.53

Car 

sample.

. 2549 

2.30

2.96 

' 22. 74 

69. 29 

5.01 

.89 

4.81 

81.64 

1.57 

6.08

8,014 

14,425

STEAMING TESTS. 

Test 885, West Virginia No. 19. Test 289, West Virginia No. 19.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 14.8 per cent; £ inch to 1 inch, 11.6 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 15.3 per cent; under J inch, 58.3 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of

grate, rocking.

Size as shipped, run of mine. 1 Size as used, over 

1 inch,-13.4.per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 11.7 per cent; 

J inch to J inch, 16.2 per cent; under } inch, 58.7 per 

cent. Duration of test, 8 hours. Kind of grate, 

plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Heating value of coal............................... B. T. U

Force of draft:

per pound dry coal. .

................do....

............ ......°F..

.. ... . . .noiinds..

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour, 

pounds . ......... .... . . .....

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of dry coal ...................................

Per pound of combustible ...............................

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ........................

...............do....

................do....

................do....

............percent..

Test 285.

14,618

0.45 

.22 

2,419 

15. 55

2.92 

81.8 

8. 53

10.20 

10.45 

11. 48 

69.04

Test 289.

14,571

0. 56 

.12 

2,065 

13.86

2.84 

79.6 

8.25

9.94 

10.26 

11.45 

68.00
TESTS: WEST VIEGINIA. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

217

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour ..................

Per electrical horsepower hour ...................

Dry coal:

......................do....

...:................ '..do....

......................do....

Test 285.

2.77

3.42

2.71

3.34

Test 289.

2 84

3.51

2.76

3.40

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash.. ........................

8

Test 285.

2.44 

20.59 

70.43 

6.54

100.00 

0.92

Test 289.

3.07 

20.58 

69.66 

6.69

100.00 

1.04

Ultimate.

Hydrogen o. .................

Nitrogen a. ..................

Ash..........................

Test 285.

82.72 

4.54 

3.51 

1.59 

.94 

6.70

100.00

Test 289.

82.43 

4.52 

3.49 

1.59 

1.07 

6.90

100.00

i Figured from car sample..

COKING TESTS.

Test 79, West Virginia No. 19.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finelycrushed. Raw. Duration of test, 49 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced..................... Ido.... 7,692

Breeze produced....................do...-. 258

Coke produced..................per cent.. 64.10

Breeze produced............'........do.... 2.15

Total percentage yield.............. 66.25

Remarks. Dull -gray color; slightly silvery. 

Light weight. Poor, dense coke.

Test 83, West Virginia No. 19.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used 

finelycrushed. Eaw. Duration of test, 53 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced...................... do.... 7,914

Breeze produced....................do.... 283

Coke produced..................per cent.. 65.95

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.36

Total percentage yield.............. 68.31

Remarks. Dull-gray color, with slight silvery 

luster; cell structure small. Much heavier and 

better than in test 79.

ANALYSES.

Ash...........................................................

Test 79.

Coal.

2.82 

20.63 

70.30 

6.25 

1.00

Coke.

0.38 

1.68 

89.96 

7.98 

.77

Test 83.

Coal.

2.43 

21.34 

70.50 

5.73 

.96

Coke.

0.45 

.55 

91.57 

7.43 

.82
218 OPEKATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1P05.

. WEST VIRGINIA NO. 2O.

Bituminous coal from Keystone mine, Stevens Coal Company, Acme, Kanawha County, 

W. Va., on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of Inspector J: W. Groves. It was used in making washing test No. 135, coking tests Nos. 80, 84, 87, 

and 92, steaming tests Nos. 272 and 273, steaming tests on washed coal Nos. 264 and 266, 

and producer-gas test No. 82.

Two mine samples were taken in this mine for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 2375 

from a point in the left entry 4,600 feet east of the drift mouth; No. 2376 from room 16 off 

the fifth right entry, 3,500 feet east of the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

f Ash.... ..................................;................

lorific value determined: 

Calories ...................................................

Mine samples.

2375 

1.40

2. CO 

33.30 

59.60 

4.44 

1.14

7,982 

14,368

2370 

1.60

2.84 

33.18 

58.75 

5.23 

1.35

Car samples.

2550 ' 

2.10

2.82 

32.20 

56. 95 

.8.03 

1.38 

5.16

7G.74

1.34

7.35

7,648

13,766

2626 

1.90

2.89 

32.53 

56.95 

7.63 

1.50

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 272, West Virginia No. 20.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 31.1 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 22.3 per cent; 

i inch to J inch, 19.4 percent; under \ inch, 27.2 per 

cent. Duration of test,' 9.92 hours. Kind of 

.grate, rocking. .

Test 373, "West Virginia No. 20.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 27.7 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 20 per cent; 

1 inch to \ inch, 18.5 percent; under J inch, 33.8 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.87 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 264, West Virginia No. 20, washed. .

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as-used, over 

1 inch, 23 percent; \ inch to 1 inch,.23.7 per cent; 

\ inch to \ inch, 25.4 per cent; under } inch, 27.9 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.97 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 266, West Virginia No. 20, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 30.9 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 24.4 per cent; 

i inch to \ inch, 21.2 percent; under J inch, 23.5 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.
TESTS- WEST VIRGINIA.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

219

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour,

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heatWater apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired,

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

Test 272.

14,202

n 31

09

15.44

2.80

78.5

8.24

9.89

10.11

11.21

08.75

2.80

3.53

2.80

3.45

Test 273.

14,083

0.40

.10

2,274

1C. 57

2.98

83.6

8.13

9.75

10.04

11.19

08.85

2.90

3.58

2.82

3.48

Test 264.

14,584

0.38

' .16

2,520

17.23

3.23

90.5

8.41

10.09

10.46

11.21

69.26

2.80

3.46

2.70

3.34

Test 266.

14,530

0.35

.10

2,392

15. 73

3.09

86.7

7 97

9.54

9.85

10. 5C

fiC A 7

2.96

3.66

2.87

3.55

ANALYSES.

,

Proximate.

Ash...........................................................

Ultimate. '

Ash... ........................................................

-

Test 272.

2.21

32.55

57.31

7.93

100.00 

1.28

79.20

5.00

 5.00

1.38

1.31

8.11

100.00

Test 273.

2.89

31:75

56.93

8.43

100.00 

1.50

78.49

4.95

4:97

1.37

1.54

8.68

100.00

Test 264.

3.49

32.94

58.37

5.20

100.00 

1.06

81.75

5.17

5.16

1.43

1.10

5.39

100.00

Test 266.

3.14

33.40

57. 93

5.53

100.00 

1.10

81.45

5.15

5.13

1.42

1.14

5.71

100.00

Figured from car sample.
220 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 82, West Virginia No. 20.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not determined. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower........................ ............................................ 196.3

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 156.3

 Total coal fired.........................................................................pounds.. 12,150

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 82.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

^ 

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

.Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

1 71

1.24

1.12

1.05

1.39

1.31

1.18

1.11

Dry coal.

. 1.29

1.22

1.09

1.03

1.36

1.29

1.16

1.09

Combustible.

1 19

1 19

1.01

0.95

1.26

1 19

1.07

1.01

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Volatile matter. ........................

Ash.....................................

Test 82.

1.83

32.94

57.63

7.60

100.00

1.71

Qas by volume.

Carbon monoxide (CO) ................

Methane (CH<) .........................

Test 82.

8.3.

21.0-

13.1

2.6

55.0

100.0

WASHING TEST. 

Test 135, West Virginia No. 20.

Size as shipped, run .of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal........................................................................ .........................................................................pounds 49,150

Washed coal......................................................................... . .. .do.... 42,590

Refuse.............................................................................. do. 6,560
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA. 221

ANALYSES.

Volatile matter. ...............................................................

Test 135.

Raw coal.

2.82 

32.20 

56.95 

8.03 

1.38

Washed 

coal.

5.70

4.64 

1.07

COKING TESTS.

Test 80, West Virginia No. 20.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 42 hours.

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coko produced......................do.... 8,385

Breeze produced....................do.... 262

Coke produced.......... 1.......per cent.. 69.88

Breoze produced....................do.... 2.18

Total percentage yield.............. 72.06

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fine coke. 

Very heavy. High yield due to deposited carbon.

Test 84, West Virginia No. 20, washed.

oizo as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely.crushed. Duration of test, 50 hours. 

Coal charged.................... .pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 8,037

Breeze produced.....................do.... 208

Coke produced...........

Breeze produced........

Total percentage yield.'............!. 68.71

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Breakage 

badly cross-fractured and irregular, but, coke of 

good foundry size. Results do not warrant washIng. Sulphur and.ash in coke from raw coal are 

both low, and coke from washed coal not as good, 

physically, as that from raw coal.

..........percent 66.98

...........do.... 1.73

........per cent.. 65.78

............do.... 2.52

Test 87, West Virginia No. 20, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, not 

crushed. Duration of test, 53 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced ......................do.... 7,893

Breeze produced....................do.... 302

Coke produced..........

Breeze produced........

Total percentage yield.............. 68.30

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Results, 

same as in test 84. Do not warrant washing.

Test 92, West Virginia No. 20.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, 

finely crushed. Raw. Duration of test, 46 hours. 

Coal charged.....................pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced........;............ .do.... 8,292

Breeze produced....................do..... 264

........percent.. 69.10

............do.... 2.20

Coke produced..........

Breeze produced........

Total percentage yield.............. 71.30

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. Fine coke. 

Very heavy. High yield due to deposited carbon. 

Breakage not so good as test 80. Sulphur a little 

high.

ANALYSES.

Volatile matter. ....

Ash.................

Test 80.

Coal.

3.79 

32.24 

56.49 

7.48 

1.44

Coke.

0.17 

1.08 

89.01 

9.74 

1.10

Test 84.

Coal.

5.34 

32.56 

57.00 

5.10 

1.09

Coke.

0.29 

0.46 

91.73 

7.52 

0.90

Test 87. '

Coal.

4.47 

32.79 

57.87 

4.87 

1.02

Coke.

0.17 

0.81 

92.29 

6.73 

0.85

Test 92.

Coal.

3.01 

32.40 

56.60 

7.99 

1.62

Coke.

0.18 

0.57 

87.93 

11.30 

1.30
222 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING FLANT IN 1905.

WEST VIRGINIA NO. 31.

Bituminous coal from Gas mine, Winifrede Coal Company, Winifrede, Kanawha County, 

W. Va., on the Chesapeake and Ohio .Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal, and was loaded under the supervision of 

Inspector J. W. Groves. The following tests were made: Washing test No. 136, coking 

tests Nos. 82 and 91, steaming tests Nos. 274, 275, and 296, and steaming test on washed 

coal No. 267.

Two mine samples were taken from this mine for chemical analysis, as follows: No. 2377 

from room 12 off the third left entry, 1,400 feet southeast of the drift mouth; No. 2378 from 

room 10 off the first left entry, 800 feet southeast of the drift mouth.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

JAsh.......... .......................................................

Owf*pn

blorific value determined:

Mine samples.

2377 

2.00

3.57 

36.76 

56.05 

3.62 

1.14

7,874

14,173

2378 

2.30

3.72 

35.95 

56.21 

4.12 

1.10.

Car 

sample.

2572 

2.10

3.57 

36.38 

55.20 

4.85 

1.32 

5.33 

77.49 

1.49 

9.52

7,749 

13,948

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 274, West Virginia No. 21.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 66.3 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 15.7 per cent; 

i inch to | inch, 10.8 per cent; under 1 inch, 7.2 per 

cent. Duration of test, 7.30 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 275, West Virginia No. 21.

Size as shipped, run ol mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 44 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 15.3 percent; 

J inch to J inch, 11.5 per cent; under} inch, 29.2 per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.05 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 207, West Virginia No. 21, waslie«l.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

I inch, 36.2 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 26.0 per cent; 

\ inch to \ inch, 17.7 per cent; under \ inch, 19.5 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.02 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 290, West Virginia No. 21.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 40 per cent; \ inch to 1 inch, 20 per cent; \ 

inch to J inch, J4.7 percent; under J inch, 25.3 per 

cent. Duration of test, 7.15 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.
TESTS WEST VIRGINIA.

>» MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

228

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of 

pounds

. U. per pound dry coal. .

...................do....

............. .......°F..

grate surface per hour,

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per hour. .................. .......... .nonnds. .

Percentage of rated horsepower of 1 

Water apparently evaporated per

Water evaporated from and at 212 °

Per pound of dry coal.........

Efficiency of boiler, including grate 

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

pound of coal as fired,

F.:

............. ........do....

...................do....

.......:........... do....

...........;........do....

....................do....

Test 274.

14,528

0.49 

.13 

2,776

21.50

. 3.99 

111.9

8.27

9.94 

10.31 

10.87 

68.53

2.85 

 3.51

2.74 

3.39

Test 275.

14,292

0.54 

.11 

2,279

16.50

3.36 

94.1

8.23

9.80 

10.20 

11.05 

68.92

2.88 

3.56

2.77 

3.42

Test 267.

14,791

0.40 

.10 

2,476

16.87

3.40 

95.4

8.06

 9.G7 

10.. 10 

10.64 

65.94

2.92 

3.61

2.80 

3.46

Test 296.

14,274

0.55 

.10 

2,561

18.13

3.63 

101.8

8.11

9.69 

10.03 

10.96 

67.86

2.92 

3.60

2.82 

3.48

ANALYSES.

 Proximate.

Ash ...........................................................

Ultimate.

Oxvucn ti

Ash...........................................................

Test 274.

3.60

36.30

55.44

4.66

100.00 

1.03

80.77

5.15

6.62

' 1.56

1.07

4.83

100.00

Test 275.

3.90

34.31

55.75

6.04

100.00 

1.13

79.43

5.06

6.52

1.53

1.18

6.28

100.00

Test 267.

' 4.24

36.46

55.63

3.67

100.00 

1.07

81.58

0.72

1.56

1.12

3.83

100.00

Test 296.

3.42

34.20

6.12

100.00 

1.22

79.33

5.04

6.51

1.52

1.26

6.34

100.00

a Figured from car sample.
224 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

WASHING TEST. 

Test 136, West Virginia No. 31.

Size as shipped, run ofjnine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Stewart modified. 

Raw coal..............:.....:.......................................................... pounds.. 24,000

Washed coal..'........................ .......-..............................................do....'22, 000

Refuse ..................................................:.......................... .do.... 2,000

ANALYSES.

Ash............................................................................

Test 136.

Raw coal.

3.57 

36.38 

55.20 

4.85 

1.32

Washed 

coal.

6.35

3.47 

1.00

COKING TESTS.

Test 83, West Virginia fin. 31.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely 

crushed. Raw. Duration of test 52 hours. 

Goal charged...............:.... .pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 8,106

Breeze produced ....................do.... 242

Coke produced................. .per cent.. 67. 55

Breeze produced....................do.... 2.02

Total percentage yield.............. 69.57

Remarks. Fine coke. Light gray and silvery. 

 Very heavy. High yield due to deposited carbon. 

Good foundry coke.

Test 91, West Virginia No. 31, washed. 

. Size as shipped,run of mine. Size as used,finely

crushed. Duration of test, 44 hours.

Coal charged........ J............pounds.. 12,000

Coke produced......................do.... 7,816

B reeze produced.................... do.... 249

Coke produced..................per cent.. 65.13

B reeze produced.................... do.... 2.08

Total percentage yield.............. 67. 21

Remarks. Light gray and silvery. High yield 

due to deposited carbon. Breakage very irregular, but pieces of good foundry size. Somewhat 

brittle. Not so good as coke from raw coal. The 

raw coal and resultant coke are both low in sulphur and ash and washing is of no commercial 

value.

ANALYSES.

Ash ...........................................................

Test 82.

Coal.

3.55 

36.32 

55.18 

4.95 

1.23

Coke.

0.24 

.81 

.91,23 

7.72 

.98

Test 91.

Coal.

5.72 

36. 54 

54. 35 

3.39 

1.01

Coke.

0.55 

' 1.03 

93.16 

5.26 

.76

WYOMING NO. 2.

Bituminous coal from Antelope Nos. 1 and 2 and Jumbo mines, Cambria Fuel Company, 

Cambria, Weston County, Wyo., on the Burlington system.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was loaded under the supervision of M. R. 

Campbell, of. the United States Geological Survey. It is designated as Wyoming No. 2 B 

in the following tests: Steaming tests Nos. 196, 210, and 213, and producer-gas test No. 62.a

Two mine samples (Nos. 1376 and 1377) were taken at working faces at widely separated 

points in the mine.

oFor tests of Same coal received during 1904 see Bull. U- S. Qeol. Survey No. 2.61,1905, pp. 83,115.
TESTS WYOMING. 

' CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

225

I Ash.................................................................

[Sulphur. ............................................................

ilorific value determined:

Mine samples.

1376 

4.70

8. CO 

37.13 

32.37 

21.90 

4.94

5,394

9,709

1377 

3.80

9.23 

36. 08 

33.72 

20.97 

4.33

Car 

sample.

2131 

4.50

8.93 

36.52 

33. 7G 

20.79 

4.03 

. 4.88 

53.33 

.81 

16. 16

5,556 

10,001

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 190, Wyoming No. 2 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

I inch, 54.3 per cent; i inch to 1 inch, 18.4 per cent; 

J inch to i inch, 14.5 percent; under} inch, 12 S per 

cent. Duration of test, 9.88 hours. Kind of 

grate, plain.

Test 210, Wyoming No. 2 K.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 34.8 per cenfa J inch to 1 inch, 21.5 per cent;

J inch to £ inch, 20.4 percent; under 1 inch, 23.3 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.08 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 213, Wyoming No. 2 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 40.4 percent; J inch to 1 inch, 26.7 percent; 

| inch to J inch, 15.2 per cent; under J inch, 17.7 per 

cent. Duration of test, 10.03 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft: 

Under stack damper. ................................

Furnace temperature. ..................................

ind dry coal..

.inch water. . 

........do....

.. - .. °V

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour. . .....pounds.. 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface

Percentage of rated horsepower of boiler developed. . ....

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired. 

Water evaporated from and at 212 °F.: 

Per pound of coal as fired. .............. ........

Per pound of dry coal. .............. .......

Per pound of combustible. .........................

Efficiency of boiler, including grate. ................... .

Coal as fired: 

Per indicated horsepower hour. ..... ............

Dry coal:

....pounds.. 

........do....

........do....

........do....

........do....

........do....

........do....

Test 196.

10,888

0.59 

.19 

1,950 

22.61

2.83 

79.3 

4.83

5.66 

6.27 

8.54 

55.61

5.00 

6.17

4.51 

5.57

Test 210.

11,201

 0.68 

.20 

2,067 

25.66

3.15 

88.3 

5.30

6; 19

6.84 

9.01 

. 58. 66

4.57 

5.64

4.13 

5.10

Test 213.

10,751

O.G3 

a. 08 

2,228 

32.58

3.56 

99.86 

4.72

5.56 

6.10 

8.30 

54.79

5.09 

0.28

4.64 

5.72

Forced draft.

Bull. 290 06- 15
226 OPEBATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Volatile matter. . : .

Ash................

Sulphur............

Test 196.

9.64 

34.75 

. 34.68 

20.93

100.00 

4.32

Test 210.

9.55 

35. 75 

35.73 

18.97

100.00 

3.95

Test 213.

8.94 

35.90 

33.70 

21.46

100.00 

5.03

Ultimate.

ITvdrocen ^

Ash.............!.

Test 196.

58.01 

4.23 

8.93 

O.S9 

4.78 

23.16

100.00

Test 210.

00.09 

4.39 

9.25 

0.92 

4.37 

20.98

100.00

Test 213.

57.08 

4.16 

8.80 

0.87 

5.52 

23.57

100.00

o Figured from car sample.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST 

Test 62, Wyoming No. 2 B.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch, 59 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 18 per cent; 

1 inch to £ inch, 13 per cent'; under \ inch, 10 per cent. Duration of test, 49 hours.

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................... 192.9

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................ 146.6

Total coal fired..................................................:..................... .pounds.. 20,400

COAL CONSUMED. IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

. Test 62,

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes ......................................

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2.28

2.16

1.93

1.83

2.40

2.28

2.05

, 1.94

Diy coal.

2.08

1 97

1.77

1.68

2.20

2.09

1.87

1.77

Combustible.

1.59

i f;n

1.35

1.28

1.68

1. 59.

1.43

1.35

ANALYSES.

Coal.

A oYi «

Test 62.

8.63

36.81

32.83

21.73

100.00 

4.47

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH<) .........................

Test 62.

10.8

18.2

10.7

3.3

57.0

100.0
TESTS WYOMING. 227

AVYOMIXG XO. 3.

Bituminous coal from mine of Stilwell Coal Company, Aladdin, Crook County, Wyo., 

on the Wyoming and Missouri Railroad.

This sample consisted of run-of-mine coal and was shipped under the direction of M. E. 

Campbell, of the United States Geological Survey. The following tests were made: Washing test No. 129, coking test No. 52, steaming tests Nos. 211 and 212, steaming test on 

washed coal No. 223, and producer-gas test No. 69.

Two mine samples (Nos. 1976 and 1977) for chemical analysis were taken at working

faces in the mine.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES.

(Moisture. ............................................................

JAsh. . ...............................................................

Carbon ....

Mine samples.

1976 

11.80

17.74 

37. 64 

33.07 

11.55 

7.03

Nitrogen .......................................................................

Oxvcrpil

loriflc value determined:

5,293

9,527

1977 

12.00

18.42 

36.53 

34. 95 

10.10 

6.73

Boiler 

test 

sample.

2278 

2.90

15.12 

34.36 

33.82 

16.70 

6.66 

5.20 

48.16 

.70 

22.58

4,960 

. 8,928

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 211, Wyoming No. 3.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 58.7 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 17.3 per cent; 

| inch to J inch, 11.G per cent; under i inch, 12.4 

per cent. Duration of test, 10.05 hours. Kind 

of grate, rocking.

Test 212, Wyoming No. 3.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 51 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 20.0 per cent;

J inch to £ inch, 12.6 per cent; under } inch, 15.8 

per cent. Duration of test, 9.8 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

Test 223, Wyoming No. 3, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 

1 inch, 27.9 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 21.3 per cent; 

\ inch to £ inch, 20.5 per cent; under } inch, 30.3 

per cent. Duration of test, 8.95 hours. Kind of 

grate, rocking.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Dry coal used per square foot of grate surface per hour . . .... .pounds. . 

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface

Water apparently evaporated per pound of coal as fired .... .pounds. . 

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

a Natural and forced draft.

Test 211.

10,519

0.63

.28

' 1,917

18.96 

2.39

67.0

5. 12 

' 5.98

7.04

9.17

Test 212.

10,517

0.45

o.Ol

2,142

 20.07 

3.15

88.2

4.95 

5.81

6.73

8.59

Test 223.

12,641

0.59

.23

20.0 

2. 89

81.0

5.54 

6.53

 8.07

9.05
228 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IK 1905. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS continued.

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

.................do....

.................do....

.................. do....

Test 211.

64.63

4.73

5.84

4.02

4.96

Test 212.

61.80

4.87

6.01

4.20

5.19

Test 223.

61. 65

4.33

5.35

3. 50

4.33

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash................

Test 211.

34.36

33.82

16.70

100.00

6.66

Test 212.

36.12

. 34.07

16.21

100.00

7.90

Test 223.

19.08

36.58

37.56

6.78

100.00

4.26

Ultimate.

Ash...............

Test 211.

56.73

4 l r>

10.77

0.83

/ . oO

19.67

100.00

Test 212.

56 44

4.12

10.72

0.82

18.76

100.00

Test 223.

4 94

12.83

0.99

S.3S

100.00

a Figured from car sample. 

PRODUCER-GAS TEST.

Test 69, Wyoming No. 3.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, over 1 inch,-59 per cent; J inch to 1 inch, 15 per cent; 

i inch to £ inch, 12 per cent; under J inch, 14 percent. Duration of test, 47 hours. 

Average electrical horsepower.................................................................. 193.1

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot....................... '. ........................ '............ 160.9

Total coal fired ....................................................................... .pounds.. 17,400

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR).

Test 69.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Developed at switch board .....'........"..'...."....................

Per brake horsepower: 

Available for outside purposes. ........... ... . . . . ...........

Developed at engine.... ......... ... .....'. . . . . . . . ... ...

Coal as 

fired.

2.05

1.74

2.19

2.04

1.86

Dry 

coal.

1.78

1.67

1 49

1.90

1.78

1.62

Combustible.

1.47

1 ^7

1.25

1.57

1.46

1.33
TESTS WYOMING AND ALASKA. 229

ANALYSES.

Coal.

.\&^. ....................................

Test 69.

13.02

34.05

15. 37

100.00

7. 3(1

Gas by volume.

Test Gl).

11.1

19.8

13.3

3.5

52.3

100.0

WASHING TEST. 

T«st 129, Wyoming, No. 3.

Size as shipped, run'of mine. Size as used, crushed to 2 inches. Jig used, Ste.wart modified. 

Raw coal............................................................................... .pounds.. 24,120

Washed coal...................................................................................do.... 20,OGO

Refuse..............................................................................do.... 4,000

ANALYSES.

Ash ......:..............................................................'.......

Test 129.

Raw coal.

15. 12

34: 36' 

33.82 

16.70 

G.66

Washed 

coal.

19. 16

6.52 

4.16

COKING TEST. 

Test 52, Wyoming Js'o. 3, washed.

Size as shipped, run of mine. Size as used, finely crushed. Duration of test, 27 hours. 

Remarks. No coke produced.

ALASKA COAL."

Coal from Bering River field. The Bering River coal field b is located near Controller Bay, 

on the Pacific coast of Alaska, in latitude 60° 20' to 60° 30' N. and longitude 143° 15' to 

144° 45' W., and covers an area of about 70 square miles, including 25 square miles of anthracite and 45 miles of setnibituminous coking coal. The seams are numerous and very large 

(several exceeding 20 feet in thickness). The .average quality of the Bering River coal is 

excellent, several of the seams being remarkably low in both ash and sulphur.

This coal is not now available for sale in any market, but there are prospects of transportation soon being provided to tide water on Controller Bay, Katalla Bay, or Prince William 

Sound.' v

Coal from. Matanuska River field. The Matanuska coal field c is located about 30 to 75 

miles northeast of Cook Inlet, Alaska, in latitude 61° 40' to 62° N. and longitude 148° to 149° 

10' W., and covers an area of at least 70 and possibly several hundred square miles of coal in 

the Matanuska Valley. The deposits include anthracite, semibituminous coking coal, and 

a lower grade of bituminous coal. The seams are of good thickness and well situated for 

mining. . Transportation .to Resurrection Bay on the Pacific coast and into the interior may 

soon be provided by the Alaska Central Railway, now under construction.

"The analyses given herein are all of field samples collected by Mr. G. C. Martin. 

6 See Martin, 0. C., Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 225,1904, pp. 365-382; No. 250,1905, pp. 11-36; No. 259, 

1905, pp. 140-150; No. 284, 1906, pp. 65-77. 

cSee Martin, G. C., Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 284, 1906. pp. 88-100; No. 289,1906.
230 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1IJU5.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES. 

BERING KIVEK COALS.

Fixed carbon. ...................... ..do. ...

2490

3.70

4.35

11.97

73.34 

10.34

1.13

2494

17

3.90

4.94

13.34

77.29

4.43

.83

2488

10

5.20

6.03

12.98

78.40 

2. 59

.70

2497

18

1.90

2.68

11.06

73.31

12. 95

 5. 27

2493

8.G

5.10

5. 84

11.74

00.21 

22.21

3.36

2489

8

. 1.30

2.11

16.58

79. 0.8

1.63

.78

2495

31

5.66

13.65

76. 81 

3.88

.77

2496

15

5. 20

5. 93

6. 76

81.47

5.84

.82

2486

27

3.00

4.23

14.03

79. 75 

1.99

.96

2487

4.7

6.20

7.26

6. 64

75.89

10.21

 1.27

2492

11

3.70

4.22

11 ^7

78.80 

3.61

1. 56

2.17

1.90

3.74

5.41

85. 92

4 93

1.10

2491

19.0

5 40

5. P5

13.01

76. 12

.Cl

2478

2. 67

4.70

7. fi7

5.78

20.52

2.90

No. 2490. Opening at lower end of gorge on Tokun Creek.

No. 2488. Christopher's opening on branch of Dick Creek.

No. 2493. Christopher's lower tunnel, Dick Creek.

No. 2495. Opening on lower seam, Queen Creek.

No. 24S6. Opening on upper seam, Queen Creek.

No. 2492. Carbon Creek tunnel.

No. 2491. Tunnel near mouth of Carbon Creek.

No. 2494. South branch of Queen Creek.

No. 2497. Kushtaka River, tunnel 710 feet above Lake Kushtaka.

TVii^Vnps<! fppt

Air-drying loss . .......................... .per cent. .

2479

2. -85

1.50 

4.43

10.14

80.78

4.65

.51

7,578

2480

15+

6.10 

8.33

6.36'

82.00

3.31

1.11

248f

5.25

5.00 

7.94

9.20

78.53

4.33

.79

2482

10

7.00 

8.31

7.12

82.43

2.14

1.05

O4CQ

10.5

13.20 

13. .89

5.01

73.87

7.23

. .82

'6,743

12, 137

2484

33

5.40 

6.34

14.29

69. 55

9.82

.C4

No. 2489. Cunningham's upper tunnel, Trout Creek; tunnel across from house.

No. 2496. Opening at north end of Hunt's hillside trail, Carbon Mountain.

No. 2487. Lower seam cast side Carbon Mountain.

No. 2485. Gulch at head of First Berg Lake, Carbon Mountain.

No. 2478. Gulch at head of Fourth Berg Lake, Carbon Mountain.

No. 2479. Near crest (west side) of Carbon Mountain, between trails.

No. 2480. Eastern opening, hillside trail, east side of Carbon Mountain.

No. 2481. Crest of Carbon Mountain, 50 feet above sample No. 2479, between Hunt's and Green's trails.

No. 2482. South end of hillside trail, west side of Carbon Mountain.

No. 2483. Western opening, hillside trail, east side of Carbon Mountain.

No. 2484. Trout Creek tunnel, one-fourth mile below house.
TESTS ALASKA AND BRAZIL.

MATANUSKA COALS.

231.

Air-drying loss. . ................. .per cent. . 

Moisture.............................. do....

2217

5.

0.80

2.24

23.08

70.21

4.47

.50

2215

12.3

l.GO 

2.58

19.14

07. 4li

10.82

.57

2221

11.7

4.00

10.05

30. 05

48.90

5.00

.25

2218

9.9

.1.80 

2.93

21.85

03. 09

12.13

.59

2225

6

(«)

4.03

34.84

49.31

11.82

.38

2219

8.0

4.10 

6.74

14 90

05.83

12.47

.44

0,649

2226

2.6

(a)

5.56

30.52

51.32

0.60

.42

2220

7.9

1.90 

2.90

17.47

56.15

23.48

.46

2223

1

(a)

2.50

28.32

58.82

10.36

.58

2222

38

(a) 

0 cc

7.08

84.32

6.05

.57

7,617

2214

7

1.60

4.36

18.92

61.19

15.53

.'37

2224

3.3

(a) 

0.60

Id W

48. 23

10.87

.41

6,299

2216

7

1.00

2. 4G

17.01

53.23

27.30

.84

2227

5.2

(«) 

0 90

19.00

74.60

4.90

.60

8,260

"Sample too small to be air dried accurately. .

No. 2217. Coal Creek, three-fourths mile above Matanuska River. 

No. 2221. Tsadaka Creek, 4J miles above trail. 

No. 2225. Tsadaka Creek, 4 miles above trail. 

No. 2226. West bank of Eska Creek, 3 miles above trail. 

No. 2223. West bank of Young Creek, 3 miles above trail.

No. 2214. South bank of Matanuska River, 3 miles above mouth of Chickaloon Creek. 

No. 2216. Watson's tunnel No. 3, Chickaloon Creek. 

No. 2215. Watson's tunnel No. 2, Chickaloon Creek. 

No. 2218. West bank of Kings Creek, at upper bridge.

No. 2219. Coal Creek, three-fifths mile above Matanuska River. Sample package not sealed. 

No. 2220. Watson's tunnel No. 5, Chickaloon Creek.

No. 2222. Matanuska 'Valley (north side) between Boulder and Hicks creeks, about 18 miles from 

Chickaloon Creek. Small sample. 

No. 2224. Eska Creek, 3 miles above trail. 

No. 2227. Watson's tunnel No. 2, Chickaloon Creek.

BRAZIL, NO. 1.

Run-qf-mine coal from mines near Sao Jeronymo, about 30 miles west of Porto Alegre, 

in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The bed has a thickness of nearly 6 feet and is 

usually separated into two nearly equal portions by a stratum of black clay or slate, which 

varies from 4 inches to 2 feet or more in thickness. The rocks which hold the Brazil coal 

consist of alternate layers of gray sandstones.and shales having a thickness of 300 to 400 

feet. The flora found in connection with them appears to place them at the very top of 

the Carboniferous beds, either in the Permian or "Permo-Carboniferous.." The bed from 

which this sample was taken occurs near the summit of the coal-bearing series. It is 

found over a wide area in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and appears to extend northward through the state of Santa Catharina, where it has been mined in the Tubarao district.

This sample was supplied by the. Brazilian Government through-Dr. I. C. White, State 

geologist of West Virginia, and was tested to furnish data that will serve as a basis for an 

investigation of coals now undeveloped in West Virginia and other States, which are similar 

in character and geologic age.
232 OPERATIONS OF FUEL-TESTING PLANT IN 1905.

STEAMING TESTS.

Test 172, Brazil No. 1.

Size as used (average diameter), 1.42 inches. 

Duration of test, 5.35 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

Test 173, Brazil No. 1.

Size as used (average diameter), 1.26 inches. 

Duration of test, 5.60 hours. Kind of grate, plain.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Force of draft:

Above fire. ......................... ...... ........

U. per pound dry coal..

..................do....

....................°F..

nonnds

Equivalent water evaporated per square foot of water-heating surface per 

hour. ................. . . nonnrls

Water evaporated from and at 212° F.:

Per pound of d ry coal .............................

Coal as fired:

Dry coal:

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

..................do....

Test 172.

10,028

0.65 

.16 

1,900 

22, 61

' 2.62 

73.38 

' 4.48

5. 16 

5.80 

8.43 

55. 85

5.48 

6.77

4.88 

6.02

Test 173.

9,830

0.59 

«.03 

1,858 

24.93

3.03 

85.0 

4.67

5.43 

6.09 

8.94 

59.02

5.21 

6.43

4.64 

5.73

a Forced.

ANALYSES.

Proximate.

Ash. ...... ...................

Test 172.

10.92

27.06

37.49

24.53

100. 00

2.69

Test 173.

10.87

26.00

38.32

24.81

100. 00

4.04

Ultimate."'

O WP'PTI

Ash......'....................

Test 172.

56.70

3.71

8.08

.95

 ? 09

27.54

Test 173.

55.23

3.61

' 7.86

.93

a vi

27.84

" Figured from car sample.
Duration of test, 24 hours.

TESTS BKAZ1L.

PRODUCER-GAS TEST. 

Test 44, Brazil No. 1.

233

Average electrical horsepower. .................................................................... 141.8

Average B. T. U. gas, per cubic foot............................................................. 130.9

Total coal fired........................................................................ . .pounds.. 8,100

COAL CONSUMED IN PRODUCER (POUNDS PER HORSEPOWER PER HOUR). .

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Equivalent used by producer plant.

Per electrical horsepower:

Per brake horsepower:

Coal as 

fired.

2. 03

2.38

2.24

2.02

2.88

2.60

2.45

2.21

Dry coal.

2.35

2.12

1.99

1.80

2.56

2.32

2.18

1 97

Combustible.

1.73

1.56

1.47

.1.33

1.89

1.71

1.01

1 A^

Test 44.

ANALYSES.

Coal.

Ash .....................................

Sulphur.................................

Test 44.

10.90

26.78

38.82

23.44

100.00

2.94

Gas by volume.

Methane (CH,) .........................

Test 44.

11.5

1 5 Q

10.8

2.9

en Q

.1

100.0
J.
INDEX.

Pago. 

Acme, W. Va., coal from, analyses and tests

-of..........!...................... 218-221

samples from, data concerning..... 20, 27,218

Adler, Curt, work of....................... . 3C

Aladdin, Wyo., coal from, analyses, and

tests of........................... 227-229

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,227

Alaska coal, analyses and description of.. 229-231 

note on ................................ 11

samples of, data concerning..:..... 20,27,229

Analyses, chemical. See Chemical analyses. 

Antelope Nos. 1 and-2 mines, Wyoming, coal

from, analyses and tests of........ 224-220

samples from, data concerning..... 26,27;224

Anthracite coal, occurrence of, in Alaska... 229 

Appropriation for investigation, amount

and conditions of................... 5

Arens, Henry, work of..................... 34

Arkansas, briquettes made of coal from,

'tests of............................. 48

Armstrong, C. L., work of................. 30

Belden, A. W., report by, on coking tests.. 38-39 

Benton Coal Company, Benton, 111., coal of,

analyses and tests of............... 76-79

sample from, data concerning........ 20,2J,76

Bering Kiver coal, Alaska, analyses and

description of.................... 229-231

samples of, data concerning........ 20,27,229

Bertha mini:, Bruce, Pa., coal from, analyses

and tests of........:............-. 183-180

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,183

Big Black Mountain, Kentucky, coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 123-125

samples of, data concerning........ 22,23,.123

Big Muddy Coal and Iron Company, Illinois,

coal of, analyses and tests of....... 85-88

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,85

Binders for briquettes, list of............... 41

requisites for........................... 44-45

tests of, report on...................... 42-45

Bituminous coal. See Coal under State

names. 

Boonville, Ind., coal near, analyses and

tests of............................. 94-97

sample from, data concerning........ 22,23,94

Bradley, Ohio, coal from, analyses and tests

of................................. 147-150

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,147

Brazil coal, analyses and tests of.......... 231-233

sample of, data concerning......... 26,27,231 i

gas from, analyses of................... 233

Page. 

Breckenridge, L. P., report by, on steaming

tests................................ 33-35

Bretz, W. Va., coal from, analyses and tests

of......................... 199-200,210-213

sample from, data concerning.. 20,27,199,210 

Briquettes, analyses of..................... 45

binders for, list of...................... 41

requisites for.............. i........ 44-45

tests of, report on.................. 42-45

essential features of.................... 47

tests of................................. 48

Briquettes, peat, from Massachusetts,

analyses and test of.............. 133-135

 samples of, data concerning........ 22,23,133

Briquetting, bibliography cf............... 48-52

Briquetting tests, equipment for........... 40

general results of........................ 9

persons engaged in............% ......... 40

report on............................... 40-52

Brucc,Pa.,coal from,analyses and tests of. 183-186 

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,183

Buildings occupied for tests, location and

equipment of. ....................... 5-7

Burrell, G. A., work of..................... 30

Burrows, J. S., work of................ 23-27,57,

03,09,82,85,97,100,102,123, 

133.175,178,180,189,200,208 

Burrows, J. S., and Parker, E. W., report

by, on field work.........:......... 16-28

Bush, 111., coal from, analyses and tests of.. 74-76 

Bush No. 1 mine, Bush, 111., coal of, analyses

and tests of........................ 74-76

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,74

California lignite, analyses and tests of.... 53-54

sample of, data concerning.......... 20,21,53

Cambria Fuel Company, Cambria, Wyo.,

coal from, analyses and tests of... 224-226 

sample of, data concerning......... 20,27,224

Campbell. M. R., work of .................. 10,23,

25,119,135,138,224,227 

Capital Coal Company, Illinois, coal of,

analyses and tests of............... 79-82

sample from, data.concerning....... 20,21,79

Carbon Creek, Alaska.coal from, analyses of. 230 

Carbon Mountain, Alaska, coal from,

analyses of......................... 230

Carterville, 111., coal near, analyses and tests

of......................... '.......... 09-74

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,09

Cedar Coulee. North Dakota, lignite from,

analyses and tests of............. 136-137

samples from, data concerning...... 22,23,136

235
236 INDEX.

Page.

Central mine, Central City, Ky., coal from,

analyses and tests of.............. 128-131

samples from, data concerning..... 22,23,128

Centralia, 111., coal from, analyses and tests of 82-85 

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,82

Chemical analyses, Alaska coal........... 230,231

California lignite....................... 53,54

gas from coals. See name of State furnishing coal. 

Illinois coal............................. 55-93

Indiana coal........................... 94-118

Kansas coal............................ 119

Kentucky coal........................ .121-131

Maryland coal.......................... 131

Massachusetts peat.................... 134

North Dakota lignite................. 135-139

Ohio coal............................. 140-166

Pennsylvania coal.................... 167-186

Virginia coal.:....................... 186-199

West Virignia coal................... 199-222

Wyoming coal........................ 225,227

Chemical analyses of peat.................. 134

Chemical laboratory, personnel of.......... 30

work of, report on...................... 29-30

Chickaloon Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses of............................... 231

Cinders, analyses of........................ 54

use of, with lignite..................... 53-54

Clarion mine, Clarion, Ohio, coal from, analyses and tests of.................. 162-166

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,162

Clarksburg, W. Va., coal near, analyses and

tests of........................... 206-208

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,206

Clover Leaf Coal Company, Illinois, coal of,

analyses and tests of............... 54-57

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,54

Coal. See State names.

Coal, bituminous, steaming tests of, report

on.............................'..... 35

Coal Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses of.. 231 

Coburn mine, Toins Creek, Va., coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 193-196

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,193

Coffeen mine, Coffeen, 111., coal of, analyses

and tests of......................... 54-57

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,54

Coke, analyses of.........................60,74,79,

88, 99,-102, 105, 108, 114, 119, 123, 125, 128, 

131,133,142,144,147,150,153,156,159,162, 

166,171,175,178,183,186,189,193,196,199, 

200, 203, 206, 208, 210, 213, 215,. 217, 221, 224 

Coking tests, equipment for................ 38

Illinois coal................'..... 60,74,79,88,94

Indiana coal........ 97,99,102,105,108,114,119

Kentucky coal....... ; ........ 123,125,128,131

Maryland coal.......................... 133

methods of making..................... 38-39

number and extent of.................. 39

Ohio coal.. 142,144,147,150,153,156,159,162,166 

Pennsylvania coal.... 171,175,178,181,183,186

persons engaged in..................... 38

report on............................... 38-39

Virginia coal................. 189,193,196,199

West Virginia coal..................... 200,

'203,206,208,210,212,213,215,217,221,224 

Wyoming coal.......................... 229

Page.

Coking tests on washed coal............... 60,79,

142,144,147,156,159,171,175,178, 

183,193, 200, 210, 212,221,224,229 

Collins, Justus, coal furnished by, data concerning ......................... 22,23,126

Collinsville, 111., coal near, analyses and

tests of............................. 57-60

sample from, data concerning........ 20,21,57

Consolidated Coal Company, Illinois, coal

of, test of........................... 48

Consolidated Coal Company, North Dakota,

'coal of, analyses and tests of..... 135-136

samples from, data concerning...... 22,23,153

Consolidated Indiana Coal Company, Indiana, coal of, analyses and tests of.. 97-105 

samples from,'data concerning...... 22,23,97

Crab Orchard, Va., coal from, analyses and

tests of........................... 186-193

sample from, data concerning.......... 24,

25,26,27,186,189 

Crow Hollow mine, Ohio, coal from, analyses>and tests of................... 147-150

sample from, data concern ing...... 24,25,147

Danford, Ohio, coal from, analyses and

tests of........................... 156-159

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,156

Darby mine, Darby, Va., coal from, analyses and tests of................... 196-199

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,196

Daw's shaft, Carterville, 111., coal from,

analyses and tests of............... 69-74

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,69

Deep Vein Coal Company, Indiana, coal of,

analyses and tests of............. 108-111

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,108

Delano, L. A., work of..................... 36

Dering Coal Company, Illinois, coal of, analyses and tests of.............. 60-62,66-69

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,60

Dick Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses of.. 230 

Dixie mine, Dixie, Ohio, coal from, analyses

and tests of....................... 159-162

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,159

Dugger, Ind., coal from, analyses and tests

of................................. 116-119

sample of, data concerning......... 22,23,116

East Millsboro, Pa., coal from, analyses and

tests of........................... 172-175

sample-from, data concerning...... 24,25,172

Ecker, H. G., work of....................... 36

Ehrenfeld, Pa., coal from, analyses and

tests of........................... 178-181

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,178

Elkins Coal Company, Bretz, W. Va., coal

of, analyses and tests of.. 199-200,210-213 

sample from, data concerning.. 26,27,199,210 

Ellsworth, Pa., coal from, analyses and

tests of........................... 169-171

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,169

Equipment of fuel-testing plant, items of.. 6-7 

Eska Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses of.. 231 

Fairmont Coal Company, West Virginia,

coal of, analyses and tests of..... 206-210

samples from, data concerning. 26,27,206,208 

Fauvre Coal Company, Indiana, coal of,

analyses and tests of............. .111-114

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,111
INDEX. 237

Page. 

Fernald, R. H., report by, on producer gas

tests................................ 30-37

Field work, report on..................... '. 16-28

Florida peat, tests of, reference to......... 134

Forsythe mine, Forsythe Coal Company, 

Ohio, coal from, analyses and tests 

of................................. 156-159

sample from, data concerning.....! 24,25,150

Fuel-testing plant, location and equipment

of................................... 5-7

Fuels, problems concerning utilization of.. 10-11 

Funds available for tests, law providing... 5 

Gallia Mining Company, Ohio, coal of, analyses .and tests of.................. 102-100

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,102

Gait, Ralph, work of....................... 34

Gas, analyses of. See name of State furnishing coal. 

Gas mine, Winifrede, W. Va., coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 222-224

sample from,- data concerning...... 20,27,222

Gilliam's Rockhousc prospect, Kentucky,

coal from, analyses and tests of.. 123-125 

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,123

Glen Alum mine, Glen Alum, W. Va., coal

from, analyses and tests of....... 213-215

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,213

Glens Run Coal Company, Ohio, coal of,

analyses and tests of............. 151-153

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,151

Good win, J. G., work of.................... 30

Goslin and Barbour mine, Ohio, coal from,

analyses and tests of............ 144-147

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,144

Green, C. PI., work of...................... 34

Greensburg, Pa., coal from, analyses and

tests of........................... 106-108

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,160

Grine, IT. A., work of...................... 30

Groves, J. W., work of.....................' 16,

21-27, 54, 57, 74, 70,91,94,108,115,110, 

120,128, 131, 140,144, 147, 151,150, 159, 

102, 160, 172, 196, 199, 210, 213, 218, 222 

H. C. Morris prospect, Virginia, coal'from,

analyses and tests of............. 186-189

samples from, data concerning..... 24,25,186

Halifax, Mass., peat near, analyses and test

of................................. 133-135

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,133

Hempelmann, W. L., work of.............. . 30

Herrin, 111., coal from, analyses and tests of. 85-88 

sample of, data concerning.......... 20,21,85

Holmes, J. A., report by, on briquetting

tests................................ 40-52

Howell, S. P., work 9f.................... 63

Hustead-Seame.ns mine, Pennsylvania, coal

from, analyses and tests of....... 172-175

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,172

Hymera, Ind., coal from, analyses and tests

of.............'.....'............... 100-305

sample of, data concerning......... 22,23,102

Illinois coal, analyses and tests of......... 54-93

gas from, analyses of................... 50,

59,62,65,68,73,78,8!, 84,87,90,94 

samples of, data concerning..... 20-21, 22-23,

54,57,60,63,60,69,74,76,79,82,85,88,91

Page. 

Indiana coal, analyses and tests.of........ 94-119

gas from, analyses of....:.............. 96,

101,104,107,110,113,118 

samples of, data concerning............ 22,

23,94,97,102,105,108, 111, 115,110 

Interstate Investment Company, Kentucky,

coal of, analyses and tests of..... 123-125

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,123

Interstate Investment Company, Virginia,

coal of, analyses and tests of..... 186-193

sample from, data concerning.......... 24,

25,26/27,186,189 

Island Coal Company, Indiana, coal of,

analyses and tests of............. 116-119

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,116

J. Woolley Coal Company, Indiana, coal of,

analyses and tests of............... 94-97

samples from, datr, concerning...... 22,23,94

James W. Ellsworth-& Co., Pennsylvania,

coal of, analyses and tests of..... 109-171

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,109

Jamison mine, Janiison Coal and Coke Company, Pennsylvania, coal from, 

analyses and tests of............. 100-168

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,100

Jumbo mine, Wyoming, coal from, analyses

and tests of..................... 224-220

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,224

Kansas coal, analyses and test of........ 119-120

gas from, analyses of ................ 118,120

sample of, data concerning......... 22,23,119

Kentucky coal, analyses and tests of...... 120-131

gas from, analyses of......... 122,125,128,130

sample of, data concerning..... 22,23,120,123

Keystone mine, Acme, W. Va., coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 218-221

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,218

Kimmelton mine, Kimmelton, Pa., coal

from, analyses and tests of...... 181-183

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,181

Kings Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses of. 231 

Kreisinger, Henry, work of................ 34

Kushtaka River, Alaska, coal from, analyses of............................... 230

Kuss, R. H., work of.....".................. 34

Laird,. J. A., work of....................... 30

La Salle County Carbon Coal Company, La 

Salle, III., coal of, analyses and tests 

of.................................. 88-91

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,88

Law authorizing investigation, terms of... 5 

Lehigh mine, Lehigh, N. Dak., lignite from,

analyses and tests of............. 135-136

samples from, data concerning..... 22,23,135

Leminon, W. B., work of.................. 36

Lignite, California, analyses and tests of... 53-54 

Lignite, North Dakota, analyses and tests

of................................ 135-139

samples of, data fconcerning.. 22,23,24,25,135 

Ligbmer mine, Ligonier, Pa., .coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 175-178

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,175

Littles mine, Littles, Ind., coal of, analyses and tests of................... 105-108

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,105

Lord, N. W., report by, on work of chemical

laboratory.......:................. 29-30
238 INDEX.

.... . Page.

Loup Creek Colliery Company, Page, W. Va.,

coal from, analyses and tests of.. 201-200 

samples from, data concerning.. 20,27,201,203 

Ziumaghi Coal Company, Illinois, coal of,

analyses and tests of............... 57-00

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,57

McClure, Clyde, work of.................... 34

McDonald mine, McDonald, W. Va., coal

from, analyses and tests of....... 210-217

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,210

Machinery used in tests, list of............ 6-7

M.acksville, Ind., coal from, analyses and

tests of........................... 111-114

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23, 111

Malcolmson, C. T., work of................ 40

Maryland coal, analyses and tests of..... 131-133

samples of, data concerning........ 22,23,121

Massachusetts peat, analyses and tests of.. 11,

133-135 

sample of, data concerning ........ 22,23,133

gas from, analyses of................... 134

.Matanuska River coal, Alaska, analyses and

description of.................... 229-231

samples of, data concerning........ 20,27,229

Matthews, R. C., work of...........:...... 34

Miller Creek, Kentucky, coal from, analyses

and tests of....................... 12G-12S

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,120

Mills, J. E., work of........................ .40

iline samples, collection of.................. 17-18

.Money available for tests, law providing... 5 

.Monongha mine, Monongha, W. Va., coal

from, analyses and tests of....... 208-210

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,208

"Mount Olive and Staunton Coal Company, 

Illinois, coal of, analyses and tests 

of. ,................................. 03-06

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,03

.Neff Coal Mining Company, Neffs, Ohio, coal

of, analyses and tests of.......... 153-150

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,153

;Nordensson, C. 0., work of................ 36

."North Dakota lignite, analyses and tests

of................................. 135-139

briquetting of.......................... 45

samples of, data concerning.. 22,23,24,25,135 

gas from analyses of............. 130,137,139

.Norton, C. L., peat furnished by....... 22,23,133

 Ocean mine, Clarksburg, W. Va., coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 200-208

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,206

 Ohio coal, analyses and tests of....... 35,140-160

samples of, data concerning............ 24,

25,140,144,147,151,153,156,159,162,166 

gas from, analyses of................... 140,

150,153,155,158,161,165

 Ohio Mining and Manufacturing Company, 

Ohio, coal of, analyses and tests 

of...........!..................... 144-147

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,144

 Old Colony Coal and Coke Company, Pennsylvania, coal of, analyses and tests 

of....:............................ 175-178

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,175

 Orlando, Fla., peat from, tests of.......... 134

Page. 

Page No. 1 mine, Page, W. Va., coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 203-206

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,203

Page No. 2 mine, Page, W. Va., coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 201-203

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,201

Pahmeyer, Fi E., work of.................. 34

Paintsville, Ky., coal near, analyses and

tests of........................... 126-128

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,126

Paisley mine, Illinois, coal of, analyses and

tests of............................. 60-62

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,60

Park, W. M., work of...................... 34

Park County Coal Company, Indiana, coal

of, analyses and tests cf.......... 115-116

sample from, data concerning.....'. 22,23,115

Parker, E. W,, work cf............. 21,53,201,203

Parker, E. W., and Burrows, J. S., section

by, on field work................... 16-28

Peat, literature relating to, list 'of......... 11-15

tests of, note on........................ 11

Peat bricks from Florida, tests of, reference

to.................................. 134

Peat briquettes from Massachusetts, analyses and tests of................. 133-135

samples of, data concerning........ 22,23,133

Pennsylvania coal, analyses and tests

of.............................. 35,166-186

samples of, data concerning............ 24,

25,166,169,172,175,178,181,183 

gas from, analyses of. 168,171,174,177,181,185 

Pennsylvania Coal and Coke Company, 

Pennsylvania, coal of, analyses and 

 tests of........................... 178-181

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,178

Persons employed in making tests, list of.. 7-8 

Peshak, R. E., work of..................... 30

Pettinger and Davis, Centralia, 111., coal of,

analyses and tests of............... 82-85

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,82

Piedmont and Georges Creek Coal Company, coal of, analyses and'tests 

of................................. 131-133

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,131

Pittsburg-Buffalo Coal Company, Pennsylvania, coal of, analyses and tests 

of................................ 183-186

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,183

Post, R. II., work of....................... 34

Producer-gas tests, Brazil coal............ 233

California lignite....................... 53-54

equipment for........................... 30

general results of....................... 9

Illinois coal............................ 56,

59,62,65,68,72,73,78,81,84,86,87,90,93,94 

Indiana coal............................ 96,

101,102,104,107,110, 111, 113,118 

Kansas coal............................ 120

Kentucky coal....... 122,124,125,127,128,130

 Massachusetts peat.................... 134

North Dakota lignite............ 136,137,139

Ohio coal............. 146,149,152,153,155,158

Pennsylvania coal...................... 168,

170,173,174,177,180,181,185
INDEX. 239

. ljage. 

Producer-gas tests, persons engaged in.... 36

report on................................ 30-37

Virginia coal................. 188,192,195,198

. West Virginia coal..................... 202,

203,205,209,214,215,220 

 Wyoming coal.................... 220,228,229

Producer-gas tests on washed coal......... 72,90

Quam, J. P., work of....................... 30

Queen Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses of. 230 

Randall, D. T., work of.................... 34

Ray, W. T., work of....................... 34

Beading Iron Company, Pennsylvania, coal

of, analyses and tests of.......... 181-183

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,181

Red Bird mine, Indiana, coal of, analyses 

and tests of...................... 111-114

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23, 111

Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, coal from, analyses and tests of................. 231-233

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,231

Rosedalc, Ind., coal from, analyses and

tests of........................... 115-116

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,115

Roy, F. V., work of......................:. 36

Rush Run No. 1 mine, Rush Run, Ohio, coal

from, analyses and tests of....... 151-153

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,151

S. W. Little Coal Company, Littles, Ind.,

coal of, analyses and tests of..... 105-108

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,105

St. Louis and Big Muddy Coal Company, 

Illinois, coal of, analyses and tests 

of................................... 09-74

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,09

Samples of coal, collection of............... 16-18

designation of.......................... 18

list of................................... 18-28

list of those received but not yet,tested. 28 

method of procuring................... 16

States furnishing....................... 10

San Francisco and San Joaquin Coal Company, lignite of, analyses and tests 

cf................................... 53-54

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,53

Sao Jeronymo, Brazil, coal from, analyses

' and tests of...................... 231-233

sample of, data concerning......... 20,27,231

Semibituminous coal, occurrence of, in

Alaska............................. 229

Shawnee, Ohio, coal from, analyses and

tests of............................ 144-147

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,144

Somermcier, E. E., work of................ 30

Southern Pacific Company, cinders from,

use of.................J............. 53,54

Southwestern Development Company, 

Kansas, coal of, analyses and tests 

of................................. 119-120

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,119

Springfield, 111., coal from, analyses and

tests of............................. 79-82

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,79

Stanton, F. M., work of.................... 30

Star City, Ind., coal from, analyses and

tests of............................. 97-99

samples from, data concerning...... 22,23,97

Staunton, 111., coal from, analyses and tests

of................. ; ................. 03-06

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,63

Steaming tests, Brazil coal................. 232

equipment for.......................... 33-34

Illinois coal................... 55,58,5'J, 01,62,

63,64,67,70,72,75-78,80,81,83,86,89,90,92,93 

Indiana coal............... 95,93,100,101,103,

104,106,107,109,110,112,113,115,110,117,118 

Kentucky coal... 121,122,124,126,127,129,130 

Maryland coal.......................... 132

North Dakota lignite................ 138,139

Ohio coal............................... 140,

141,143,145,146,148,149,151,152,

154,155,157,158,160,161,163,164

Pennsylvania coal................... 167-169,

170,172,173,170, 179,180,184,185 

persons engaged in..................... 34

report on............................... 33-35

Virginia coal..... 187,190,191,194,195,197,198

West Virginia coal..................... 201,

202,204,205,207,211,212,213,

214, 210,217, 218, 219, 222, 223

Wyoming coal............... ; ........ 225-228

Steaming tests on washed coal... 55,63,67,70,75,

77,80,83,89,98,103,109,132,140,143,145,

148,154,163,169,176,190,211,218,222,227

Steel, A. A., work of....................... 40

Stevens Coal Company, Acme, W. Va., coal

of, analyses and tests of.......... 218-221

samples from, data concerning..... 20,27,218

Stewart jig, modified use of. See Washing

tests. 

Stilwell Coal Company, Aladdin, Wyo.,

coal from, analyses and tests of. 227-229 

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,227

Stowe, L. R., work of...................... 34

Straight Creek Coal and Coke Company, 

Kentucky, coal of, analyses and 

tests of........................... 120-123

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,120

Superior Coal Company, Ohio, coal of, analyses and tests of......... 140-142,142-144

sample from, data concerning.. 24,25,140,142 

Terre Haute, Ind., coal near, analyses and

tests of........................... 108-111

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,108

Tesla mine, California, lignite from, analyses and tests of...................... 53-54

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,53

Texas lignite, briquetting of............... 45

Tests, detailed report of.................. 53-233

Tests made, enumeration of................ 8

purposes of............................. 8

reports on, arrangement of............ 11

results of............................... 8-10

Testing plant, location and equipment of... 5-7 

Teza, Julien, work of....................... 30

Toensfeldt, Kurt, work of.................. 36

Tokun Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses of 230 

Toms Creek, Virginia, coal from, analyses

and tests of...................... 193-196

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,193

Trout Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses of. 230 

Tsadaka Creek, Alaska, coal from, analyses

of................................... 231
240 INDEX.

Page. 

United States Coal Company, Ohio, coal of,

analyses and tests of............. 147-150

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,147

United States Reclamation Service, engineers of, lignite sent by........ 22,23,136

Upson Coal and Mining Company, Ohio,

coal of, analyses and tests of...... 159-162

sample from, data concerning. T.... 24,25,159

Virginia coal, analyses and tests of.... 35,186-199

samples of, data concerning............ 24,

25,26,27,186,189,193,196

gas from, analyses of...'.. 188,192,195,198,202 

Virginia Iron, Coal, and Coke Company, 

Toms Creek, Virginia, coal of, analyses and tests of................. 193-196

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,193

Von Borries, W. J., work of............... 16,23,

27,105,111,120,142,153,169,181,183,193 

Washburn Lignite Coal Company, lignite

of, analyses and tests of.......... 138-139

samples from, data concerning..... 24,25,138

Washed coal, coking tests on............ 142,144,

147,150,159,102,100,171,175,178,

183, 193, 200, 210, 212, 221, 224,229

producer-gas tests on.................. 73,96

steaming tests on............ 55,63,67,70,75,

77,80,83, 89, 98,103,109,132,140,143,145,

148,154,163,1C9,176,190,211,218,222,227

Washing tests, Illinois coal................ 57,

60,66,69,76,79,82,85,87.91 

Indiana coal..... 96,97,99,105,108. Ill, 114,116

list of............................'....... 31-32

Maryland coal.......................... 133

Ohio coal......... 141,144,147,150,156,159,162

Pennsylvania coal............ 171,174,178,182

report on............................... 31-32

Virginia coal......................... 192,193

West Virginia coal... 200,209,212,220,221,224 

Wyoming coal.......................... 229

Washington No. 3 mine, Maryland, coal

from, analyses and tests of....... 131-133

samples from, data concerning..... 22-23,131

Way, Karl M v work of..................... 30

Weeks, H. W., work of..................... 34

Weidrnann, W. C., work of................. 36

Wellston, Ohio, coal near, analyses and

tests of........................... 140-144

Page.

Wellston, Ohio, sample from, data concerning. ......................... 24,25,140,142

West Frankfort, 111., coal from, analyses

and tests of..............."......... 66-69

sample from, data concerning....... 20,21,66

West Mineral, Kans., coal from, analyses

and tests of...................... 119-120

'sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,119

West Virginia coal, analyses and tests of. 199-224 

samples of, data concerning........... 20,27,

199,201,203,200,208,210,213,210,218.222 

gas from, analyses of......... 205,209,215,220 

Western Coal and Mining Company, Illinois, coal of, analyses and tests of.. 74-76 

sample from, cfataconcerning....... 20,21,74

Western Coal and Mining Company, Arkansas, briquettes made of coal from, 

tests of............................. 4&

Westernport, Md., coal near, analyses and

tests of........................... 131-133

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,131

White, I. C., Brazil coal supplied by........ 231

White Oak Coal Company, McDonald, W.

Va., coal of, analyses and tests of. 216-217 

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,21ft

Wick, .1. D., report by, on washing tests... 31-32 

Williston, N. Dak., lignite near, analyses

and tests of...................... 13C-137

sample from, data concerning...... 22,23,136

Wilson farm, Crab Orchard, Va., coal from,

analyses and tests of............. 189-193

sample from, data concerning...... 20,27,189

Wilton mine, Wilton, N. Dak., lignite from,

analyses and tests ol............. 138-139

sample from, data concerning...... 24,25,138

Winifrede Coal Company, Winifrede, W. 

Va., coal from, analyses and tests 

of................................. 222-224

sample from, data concerning...... 26,27,222

Wyoming coal, analyses and tests of..... 224-229

samples of, data concerning.... 26,27,224,227

gas from, analyses of................. 226,229

Young Creek, -Alaska, coal from, analyses of 231 

Zeigler Coal Company, Zeigler, 111., coal of,

analyses and tests of............... 91-94

sample from, data concerning...... 20,21,91