DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR

391

THE DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE 

OURAY LIMESTONE

BY

E. M. KINDLE

' WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1909

CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction,.............................................................. 5

Nomenclature and stratigraphic relations. ..................................... 6

Comparison of the two faunas in the Ouray limestone........................... 11

Distribution of the fauna..........................................:......... 13

Description of fauna....................................................... 15

Ccelenterata............................................................ 15

Vermes............................................................... 15

Brachipoda........................................................... 15

Pelecypoda........................................................... 30

Gastropoda............................................................ 33

Cephalopoda.......................................................... 36

Index.................................................................... 59

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. Quray fauna.

II. Ouray fauna.

III. Ouray fauna.

IV. Ouray fauna.

V. Ouray fauna.

VI. Ouray fauna.

VII. Ouray fauna.

VIII. Ouray fauna.

IX. Ouray fauna.

X.- Ouray fauna.

Page. 

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

THE DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OURAY LIMESTONE,

By E. M. KINDLE.

INTRODUCTION.

The first discovery of a Devonian fauna in Colorado was made by 

F. M. Endlich in 1875, during his survey of the San Juan district. 

The collections made by Endlich were studied by Meek, who assigned 

them to the Upper Devonian. The references to this fauna which 

appeared during the twenty-five years succeeding its discovery 

express conflicting views as to its age. C. A. White considered it 

Carboniferous, while Schuchert compared its most characteristic 

species with Lower Devonian forms, and agreed with Meek, assigning 

the fauna to the Devonian. Various other references to this fauna 

and its age are noted and summarized in more recent papers by 

Spencer," Cross, 5 and Girty, c whose collections afforded ample 

material for the determination of the age of the beds. Discussion by 

Girty of the evidence which these collections furnished has established clearly the Devonian age of the fauna.

In 1900 the strata holding this fauna were named by Spencer the 

Ouray limestone/* More recently Cross has shown that another 

Devonian formation the Elbert which contains an interesting fish 

fauna, immediately underlies the Ouray limestone, 6 and rests upon 

a quartzite of supposed Cambrian age. The lower limit of the 

Devonian fauna of the Ouray limestone has thus been clearly defined 

in southwestern Colorado by Cross's work. Its upper limit and its 

relations to the succeeding fauna, however, are not so clearly shown 

in the literature. The papers of Cross and Girty record both a Carboniferous and a Devonian fauna from the Ouray limestone. But 

whether the two could be sharply separated and were limited to 

distinct parts of the formation, or whether the earlier merged with 

the later fauna, seems not to have been determined.

o Am. Jour. Sci., 4th scr., vol. 9,1900, pp. 125-133.

t> Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 18, 1904, pp. 244-252.

c Twentieth Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2,1900, pp. 31-36.

<JAm. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 9,1900, p. 126.

« Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 18,1904, pp. 245-252.
b DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OUEAY LIMESTONE.

The purposes of this paper will be to set forth the stratigraphic 

relations of the two faunas to each other in the several Colorado 

sections studied, and to add to the known Devonian fauna of the 

Ouray limestone a number of new species and a new genus which 

have been recognized in the collections studied. These collections 

include, in addition to those made by me in Colorado, two from New 

Mexico. I am indebted to Mr. Frank Springer for .the loan of one of 

these. The other collection, made by L. C. Graton and C. H. Gordon, 

was referred to me for determination and furnished the first recorded 

evidence of the Devonian fauna of the Ouray limestone in New 

Mexico.0

NOMENCLATURE AND STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS.

The type locality of the Ouray limestone is just south of the town 

of Ouray, Colo. The name, which was originally applied to beds in 

which only Devonian fossils had been found, was given by Spencer, 

who defined the formation as follows: b

The series below the Carboniferous consists typically of three members, a sandstone or quartzite at the base, a shale series, and a massive limestone. Of these, the 

lowest is frequently wanting through nondeposition, and the middle member is also 

sometimes very thin or entirely absent. The formation name, Ouray limestone, is 

proposed for the only member of the section which is definitely shown by its fossils 

to be of Devonian age from the prominent occurrence in the vicinity of Ouray, at the 

junction of Canyon Creek with the Uncompahgre River. No names will be proposed 

for the lower formations at present, since for purposes of mapping it may prove 

necessary to include them under a single name.

Above the Devonian there is apparent conformity of deposition, but the occurrence 

of Upper Carboniferous fossils within a few feet of the Devonian limestone, and the 

absence of any fauna comparable with the Lower Carboniferous fauna from the Gunnison region and from Tourtelotte Park, suggest a gap in deposition which represents 

the whole of the Lower Carboniferous. There is, however, a possibility that there 

may be a few feet of unfossiliferous limestone above the true Devonian, and not differentiated from it, which is really of Lower Carboniferous age. Such a lack of lithological difference would be quite analogous to the relations observed between the 

two formations in other places.

When the Ouray was defined by Spencer the earliest known fauna 

succeeding the Devonian was that of the Molas formation, of Pennsylvanian age. At a later period Girty found fossils of Mississippian 

age in the Ouray on the south slopes of the San Juan Mountains. 0

After the dual character of the fauna had been ascertained, the 

limestone continued to be treated as a lithologic unit.d Close 

examination, however, of the section at Ouray shows that the faunal 

differences of the upper and lower parts of the limestone there are 

not without corresponding lithologic differences, which, though

a Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 21,1906, pp. 390-395.

& Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 9,1900, p. 126.

c Ouray folio (No. 153), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1907, p. 3.

<* Folios 125,130,131,153, Geol. Atlas U. S.
NOMENCLATURE AND STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS. 7

relatively inconspicuous, are yet so marked that they would perhaps 

have led Spencer to make distinct formations of them, had the 

extreme unlikeness of the upper and lower faunas been known when 

the formation was defined. The character of these is shown in the 

following section:

Section at Ouray, Colo.

Ouray limestone: Feet. 

4. Light bluish-gray to nearly white limestone.............. 70±

3. Dark gray, often nearly black limestone, heavy bedded 

and somewhat arenaceous and magnesian in lower part; 

fine grained, of sublithographic texture and lighter shade 

of gray in upper part................................. 60

Elbert formation:

2. Reddish calcareous shale and interbedded greenish-blue

limestone............................................ 0-15

Unconformity. 

Algonkian:

1. Quartzite and black slates dipping 90°.

While Devonian fossils are very rare at the type locality of the 

Ouray limestone, Mississippian fossils are not uncommon, although 

none had been found at the time the formation was named. The 

following Mississippian fauna, which was identified by Girty, was 

collected from the upper part of the limestone:

Menophyllum ulrichanum. 

Menophyllum sp. 

Rhipidomella thiemei? 

Schuchertella n. sp. 

Chonetes illinoisensis.

Productus laevicosta. 

Productus semireticulatus. 

Productella concentrica? 

Spirifer centronatus. 

Straparollus sp.

Although no fossils were found by me in the lower part of the 

Ouray limestone at Ouray, its position and lithologic characteristics 

clearly show its identity with the beds holding a Devonian fauna at 

localities both to the south and north.

In the Needle Mountains quadrangle the physical differences 

between the upper and lower parts of the formation are less marked 

than at Ouray, and the discrimination of two formations on lithologic 

grounds for the purpose of areal mapping would be difficult and possibly impracticable. But even here the lower limestones, as stated 

by Cross,0 are more arenaceous than the upper beds. Spencer notes 

that this fact is recognized in quarrying stone for smelting purposes, 

the lower beds not being utilized because too siliceous. I found no 

trace of the Ouray fauna above the base of the large quarry south of 

Rockwood, although it is abundant a few feet below the floor of the 

quarry, in limestone which, though strongly resembling the quarried 

beds, is considered too siliceous for metallurgical use. In the section 

at the quarry three-fourths mile south of Rockwood 5 to 10 feet of

a Needle Mountains folio (No. 131), Geol. Atlas U. S , U. S. Geol. Survey, 1905, p. 4.
8 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OURAY LIMESTONE.

drab or rusty shale and shaly limestone separate the Devonian and 

Carboniferous beds of the Ouray formation, but this convenient lithologic boundary marker of the two horizons is not recognizable in some 

of the other near-by sections.

Although the Devonian and Carboniferous portions of the Ouray 

limestone are distinguished by comparatively slight lithologic differences in southwestern Colorado, they show very pronounced differences in the Grand River valley in northern Colorado. These 

differences seem to be of formational value, and for the purposes of 

detailed geologic work will doubtless require the subdivision of the 

Grand River equivalent of the Ouray limestone into two formations. 

The character of the lithologic differences of the upper and lower 

portions of the Ouray limestone of the Grand River region is seen in 

the following section:

Section 3 miles above Shoshone on Grand River.

Ouray limestone: Feet. 

11. Massive light to blue-gray, frequently oolitic limestone

with small brachiopods................................ 110±

10. Dove-gray, mostly massive, fine-textured limestone, thin

to heavy bedded, apparently without fossils........... 150±

9. Dark, lead-gray, impure and somewhat lumpy and shaly, 

nonmagnesian limestone, forming prominent cliffs full 

of fossils............................................. 50

Elbert formation:

8. Covered (shaly limestone?)............................. 6

7. Quartzite............................................. 5

6. Green argillaceous shale................................. 10

5. Quartzite.............................................. 2

4. Greenish lumpy sandstone.............................. 5

3. Gray siliceous magnesian limestone...................... 5

2. Light-colored quartzite.................................. 6

Cambrian (?):

1. Very dark, hard, steel-gray magnesian limestone........ 15

The dark-gray limestone (9) of this section contains a rich Devonian 

fauna which shows an assemblage of species very similar to that commonly found in southern Colorado. It is to this darker and more 

argillaceous part of the limestone series that the Devonian fauna is 

restricted in all of the sections examined. The following list shows 

the character of the fauna found in this limestone:

Streptelasma.

Schuchertella chemungensis var. 

Productella coloradensis n. sp. 

Productella laminatus n. sp. 

Schizophoria striatula var. australis n. var. 

Camarotoechia contracta?' 

Camarotoachia endlichi.

Athyris coloradensis. -

Spirifer whitneyi.

Spirifer whitneyi var. animasensis.

Bellerophon.

Naticopsis (Isonema) humilis.

The beds containing this fauna are sharply distinguished, lithologically from the fine-grained limestone that lies immediately above
NOMENCLATURE AND STRATlGRAPHIC RELATIONS. 9

them by the shaly tendency which they show. No fossils were found 

in this overlying limestone, but it is supposed to belong to the 

Carboniferous.

Fossils of Carboniferous age were found in the lighter-colored limestone (11) which terminates the section. The small collection made 

represents a fauna among which Dr. Girty recognized the following 

species:

Eumetria verneuiliana. 

Dieiasma? sp.

Bellerophon sp. 

Straparollus sp.

The 33 feet of shale and quartzite, beds 2 to 7, lying at the base of 

the Ouray limestone, are probably .the equivalent of the Elbert 

formation of southwestern Colorado. No fossils were found in these 

beds in any of the Grand River sections, and this correlation is based 

on the lithologic resemblance and similiarity of position in the section 

of the shaly and arenaceous beds which precede the Ouray limestone 

in southwestern and northern. Colorado.

Perhaps the best place in the Grand River region to see Devonian 

and Carboniferous limestones in their relations to the rest of the 

section is near Glenwood, where all the formations from the granite 

up to and including the "Red Beds" may be studied. The lower 

portion of the section follows:

Section on south side of Grand River one-fourth mile above Glenwood.

Feet. 

7. Buff and drab shales, probably unconformable on 6....... 400+

Ouray limestone:

6. Light to bluish-gray nonmagnesian limestone, coarsely crystalline or sometimes oolitic............................. 160

5. Very dark nonmagnesian limestone, with Camarotcechia 

endlichi and other fossils abundant in lower 25 feet; the 

rest mostly barren..................................... 40

Elbert formation:

4. Gray shales and thin-bedded interlaminated limestone and

sandstone............................................ 50

Cambrian?:

3. Thin-bedded to massive, arenaceous, dark-gray magnesian

limestone............................................. 75

Cambrian:

2. Pale-brownish to buff quartzite, with some greenish beds

containing numerous fucoid-like impressions ........... 600±

Algonkian?:

1. Granite................................................ 75+

The Devonian fauna is abundant in the 40 feet of limestone marked 

5 in the section, but is confined to that bed, no trace of it having been 

found either above or below.

The thickness of the Ouray limestone is at some places much less 

than it is in the sections that have been given. Sections in which 

the formation approaches its minimum thickness were observed in
10 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OURAY LIMESTONE.

the Silverton quadrangle, in southern Colorado. One of these is 

given below:

Section at Cataract Gulch, 2$ miles south of Silver ton, Colo.

Molas formation: Feet.

6. Red calcareous and conglomeratic shale.................... 15

Ouray limestone:

5. Light-gray limestone...................................... 30

4. Dark-gray, rather impure, fine-textured limestones, ranging 

from saccharoidal to sub lithographic in texture........... 55

Elbert formation:

3. Hard, cherty, and calcareous beds, thinly bedded and

banded in lower part with thin red shale bands........... 18

Cambrian:

2. Gray to purple quartzite and conglomerate ................. 40

Unconformity. 

Algonkian:

1. Schists and quartzites, highly inclined.

It will be noted that the dark, somewhat impure limestones (4 of 

the section), which are referred to the Devonian, have here about 

their usual thickness, while the lighter Carboniferous portion of the 

limestone series is very much thinner than usual, owing no doubt to 

the unconformity which Cross has recognized a between the Ouray 

limestone and the shales which follow it. Though the upper beds of 

the Ouray are reduced in thickness here, probably by erosion, the 

Mississippian fauna is present in division 5 of the section. The 

Carboniferous species collected are MenopJiyllum? sp., Spirifer centronatus, and Straparollus laxus ?

The Carboniferous fauna of the Ouray'limestone has been correlated by Girty 6 with a fauna of Mississippian age occurring in the 

Leadville limestone of central Colorado and in the Millsap limestone 

of the Front Range. Leadville limestone, as the name was used by 

Spurr c in the Aspen district, included two types of limestone which 

probably represent the Devonian and Carboniferous portions of the 

limestone of the Glenwood section. The Leadville limestone of the 

Crested Butte region d is reported to be of Carboniferous age. It is 

 probable, however, that the lower part of the formation contains a 

Devonian fauna, for Devonian fossils are known from the adjacent 

Gunnison region.6 The fossils indicate the equivalence of the 

Millsap limestone and the beds containing the Carboniferous fauna 

of the Ouray limestone, as there is no evidence of a Devonian fauna 

in the former.

a Ouray folio (No. 153), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1907.

t> Girty, G. EL, Carboniferous formations and faunas of Colorado: Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 16, 

1903, p. 209.

c Spurr, J. E., Geology of the Aspen mining district, Colorado: Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 31, 1898.

d Eldridge, G. H., Anthracite-Crested Butte folio (No. 9), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1894, p. 6.

e Girty, G. H., Devonian fossils from southwestern Colorado: Twentieth Ann. Bept. U.S. Geol. Survey, 

pt. 2,1900, p. 36.
COMPARISON OF TWO FAUNAS. 11

The shales and thin-bedded limestones lying at the base of the 

Ouray limestone in the Glenwood section are supposed to be the 

equivalent of the "Parting" quartzite a and of the Elbert formation.5 

No fossils have been found in them, however.

The quartzite series at the base of the Grand River sections (2 of 

the Glenwood section) contains a Cambrian fauna which is represented in the collections of C. D. Walcott. Both the Ordovician and 

the Silurian faunas appear to be absent from the section.

In southwestern Colorado the Elbert formation of the Devonian 

also rests upon quartzites which are considered by Cross 6 to be of 

the Cambrian age.

Although the Devonian fauna is surprisingly similar in Colorado 

and New Mexico, the formations in which it occurs are entirely unlike 

in the two regions. The fauna is found in a shale in New Mexico. 

Gordon and Graton d have given the following description of the 

Devonian sediments in New Mexico:

The formation (Devonian), which has a maximum thickness of 465 feet, consists 

almost wholly of shales and presents two well-marked divisions, the lower composed 

of black carbonaceous fissile shales and the upper of blue shales which weather to a 

buff or brownish-red color and are more or less calcareous. In Sierra County the black 

shales are from 100 to 200 feet thick, but at times vary greatly in thickness within 

short distances, due to the uneven character of the limestone surface upon which they 

rest. No fossils have been discovered in these lower or black shales. At Lake Valley 

they have heretofore been included in the lower Carboniferous. In the same region 

the upper or blue-shale division has a thickness of 50 to 100 feet and in places is highly 

fossiliferous, notably at-Kingston and 2 miles east of Hillsboro, where the beds contain 

brachiopods in profusion.

It appears from this description that the stratigraphic equivalent 

in New Mexico of the Ouray limestone of Colorado is a blue shale 50 

to 100 feet thick resting on black shales of undetermined age, which 

are included in the Devonian by Gordon and Graton. These black 

shales, according to those authors, rest on the Silurian in some 

places, on Ordovician rocks in others.

COMPARISON OF THE TWO FAUNAS IN THE OURAY

LIMESTONE.

The unlikeness of the two faunas included in the Ouray limestone is 

well shown by the following lists of the earlier and later faunas, based 

on collections made by me at the principal collecting points. In the 

first list are included all known species from the earlier or Devonian 

fauna. The second list comprises the fossils which appear in the

aEmmons, S. F., Geology and mining industry of Leadville, Colo.: Second Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. 

Survey, 1882, p. 216.

6 Am. Jour. Sci., 4th serv vol. 18, 1904, pp. 245-252.

c Ouray folio (No. 153), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1907.

d Gordon, C. H., and Graton, L. C., Lower Paleozoic formations in New Mexico: Am. Jour. Sci., 4th 

ser., vol. 21,1906, p. 394.
12 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OUEAY LIMESTONE.

several sections of the Ouray limestone above the Devonian fauna. 

While the latter list is by no means complete, it indicates plainly the 

general character and age of the fauna.

Devonian fossils in the Ouray limestone.

Zaphrentis sp. 

Spirorbis sp. 

Crania ourayensis n. sp. 

Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens. 

Schuchertella chemungensis (Conrad). 

Schuchertella coloradensis n. sp. 

Productella coloradensis n. sp. 

Productella coloradensis var. plicatus n.

var.

Productella laminatus n. sp. 

Productella spinigera n. sp. 

Productella hillsboroensis n. sp. 

Productella depressa n. sp. 

Schizophoria striatula var. australis n.

var. 

Camarotcechia (Plethorhyncha) endlichi

(Meek), 

Eunella sp.

Camarotoachia contracta (Hall)? 

Pugnax pugnus Martin. 

Athyris coloradensis Girty. 

Spirifer whitneyi Hall.

Spirifer whitneyi var. animasensis (Girty).

Spirifer notabilis n. sp.

Spirifer coniculus Girty.

Spirifer sp.

Reticularia spinosa n. sp.

Syringospira n. gen.

Syringospira prima n. sp.

Meristella barrisi Hall?

Orthonota sp.

Glossites cf. lingualis* Hall.

Leptodesma acutirostrum?

Leptodesma eolus n. sp.

Mytilarca sp. a.

Mytilarca sp. b. .

Aviculopecten sp.

Bellerophon sp.

Straparollus cf. clymenioides Hall.

Euomphalus cf. eurekensis Walcott.

Naticopsis? (Isonema) humilis Meek.

Naticopsis gigantea Hall and Whitfield?

Coleolus sp.

Orthoceras (Spyroceras?) cf. crotalum.

Carboniferous fossils from the upper part of the Ouray limestone. a

Menophyllum ulrichanuin.... . .........................................

Rockwood.

y

V

vx

V

s/

V

Y

X

Y

Ouray.

v

V

Y

',>

Y

Silverton.

Y

Y

Y

Shoshone.

X

y

V

The absolute unlikeness of the two faunas listed above is obvious. 

Not a single species is common to both, although they characterize 

the lower and upper parts of what has been considered the same formaAll the species in this list were determined by Dr. G. H. Girty from collections made by me.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAUNA. 13

tion. That the two faunas nowhere intermingle or occupy a common 

horizon is plainly indicated by the absence from the two lists of any 

species occurring in both. Generally, if not always, the two faunas 

are separated in the sections by beds which are apparently quite 

barren. It would seem that the Devonian fauna terminates abruptly 

with these barren beds and that none of its species survived until 

the appearance of the Carboniferous fauna in the region. The Carboniferous fauna, according to Girty,0 represents the fauna of the 

Madison limestone of Wyoming and Montana and of the lower 

"Wasatch" limestone of Utah. This fauna Girty considers to be of 

Mississippian age. 6

The presence of two faunas of character so unlike in the same formation, representing respectively an Upper Devonian and a Mississippian 

horizon, afford good and sufficient grounds for subdividing the formation wherever the lithologic differences are well marked. The lithologic plane of cleavage for such a separation has been pointed out for 

some sections in preceding pages. Simplicity and precision in the 

nomenclature of the rocks and the faunas concerned seem to justify 

the use of separate names in the Grand River Valley, where the rocks 

of the Carboniferous and Devonian portions are easily discriminated 

on lithologic grounds, and such a subdivision will doubtless be found 

necessary when a detailed survey of this region is undertaken.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAUNA.

When the Ouray fauna was described and illustrated by Girty 

some years ago it was not known outside of Colorado. The recent 

collections of Springer and of Gordon and Graton show that it is 

present in southern New Mexico with the same facies as in southern 

Colorado. In northern Colorado it extends north of Grand River 

for an undetermined distance. Sections of the lower Paleozoic in 

southern Wyoming which I have studied indicate the absence of the 

fauna there, so that it probably does not extend much if at all north 

of the Colorado line. It has thus a geographic range from north to 

south of about 475 miles.

To the west, in Utah and Nevada, the Devonian sections which 

have been studied show faunas totally unlike that of the Ouray. The 

fauna which represents the Devonian in Arizona is likewise distinct 

from the Devonian fauna of the Ouray. It may be inferred from this 

that the Ouray fauna extends little if at all to the west of the western 

boundary of Colorado and New Mexico, though it is known to occur 

in a rather wide north-south belt in the western half of Colorado. 

East of the Rocky Mountain front the fauna is not known, but it is 

possible that it is present in the lower part of the limestone series

 a Personal communication. 

{> Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 10,1903, pp. 162-170,
14 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OTJEAY LIMESTONE.

which is referred to the Carboniferous in this region. In the Williams 

Canyon section at Manitou Springs the nonmagnesian limestone with 

an Ordovician fauna is followed by 25 feet of buff magnesian limestone. About 80 feet of light-gray limestone, mostly nonmagnesian, 

follows the magnesian limestone, and contains a few Carboniferous 

fossils. The species collected are Oransena subelliptica var. hardingensis and Spirifer centronatus. The slight lithologic difference 

between the upper 80 feet of the limestone, which is known to be of 

Carboniferous age, and the 25 feet resting upon the Ordovician suggests the possibility that the Devonian fauna of the Ouray may 

eventually be found below the Carboniferous fauna in some of the 

sections east of the Front Range. But so far as our present knowledge goes the fauna does not extend east of the Front Range of the 

Rockies.

In the area of its distribution in western Colorado the Ouray limestone appears as a surface formation in comparatively small areas. 

Later sediments, eruptive rocks, and deformation combined have 

operated to make its occurrence at the surface not very common. It. 

has been recognized, however, by its characteristic fossils at a few 

widely separated points between the White River Valley and the 

Durango quadrangle, which may be regarded as representing the 

approximate north-and-south limits or its distribution in Colorado. 

Within this area Ouray fossils are known from the Crested Butte 

quadrangle, a from the vicinity of Salida, 0 and some other points. 

In some areas the Ouray limestone seems to be barren of fossils. 

This is the case in the Silverton quadrangle, where both I and the 

geologists who mapped the quadrangle failed to find Devonian fossils.6 

The lithologic resemblance of the limestone just above the Elbert 

formation to the Devonian limestone elsewhere seems, however, to 

leave no doubt of its Devonian age.

The very close resemblance. of the Devonian fauna of Colorado to 

that of New Mexico indicates that it represents the same marine 

basin in both areas. That this basin may have been interrupted 

over a part of northern New Mexico by land areas seems to be indicated by the observations of Gordon and Graton, who state c that 

the pre-Cambrian complex in the northern half of New Mexico is 

overlain by sediments, the oldest of which are of Carboniferous age.

o Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2,1900, p. 36.

6 Silverton folio (No. 120), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1905, p. 4.

c Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 21,1906, p. 395.
DESCRIPTION OF FAUNA.

CCELENTERATA.

ZAPHRENTIS sp.

Plate I, figures 1-la.

Corallum simple, turbinate, moderately curved. Exterior marked 

with numerous irregular undulations and wrinkles of growth and fine 

concentric striae* Height of mature specimen about 50 mm. Diameter of calyx about 25 mm. Depth of calyx 14 mm. The sides of the 

calyx descend abruptly, leaving a broad flat space at the bottom. 

The fossette begins near the center and extends to the inner margin 

of the rim of the calyx. The lamellae number about 220. The alternate lamellae are weak and extend but a short distance beyond the 

margin of the corallum. The stronger set are twisted at the center.

Locality, Hillsboro, N. Mex.

VERMES. 

SPIRORBIS sp.

A smooth-shelled species of this genus is occasionally seen attached 

to the shells of brachiopods and corals. The imperfection of the 

material will not permit a more detailed description of the species.

Locality. Hillsboro, N. Mex.

BRACHIOPODA.

CRANIA OURAYENSIS n. sp.

Plate I, figures 2, 2a.-

Shell subcircular in outline. Dorsal valve somewhat domelike 

without distinct apex, the shell being broadly rounded in the apical 

region. Length slightly greater than breadth, and twice the height. 

Surface smooth.

A single smooth-shelled valve from Rockwood probably represents 

a ventral valve of this species. It is moderately concave, with an 

irregularly sloping surface. Muscular scars unknown. The absence 

of a pointed apex distinguishes this species from Crania leoni of the 

Chemung.

. Locality. Type from Rockwood, Colo.; another specimen from 

Endlich Mesa.

15
16 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OUR AY LIMESTONE.

LEPTJSNA RHOMBOIDALIS Wilckens.a 

Plate I, figure 3.

This species, which is unknown in Colorado, appears to be rather 

rare elsewhere; only two specimens have been found. These show 

the valves much less geniculate than in the usual type of the species.

Locality. Hillsboro, N. Mex.

SCHUCHERTELLA CHEMUNGENSIS (Conrad).

Plate III, figures 2-4a.

Ortholhetes chemungensis Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900,

p. 40, PI. Ill, figs. 1-2. 

Orthothetes chemungensis var. Girty, & Twentieth Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2,

1900, p. 40, PI. Ill, figs. 4-5.

The variable character of this species is well known. This is 

especially manifest in the striae, which are of three general types. In 

one of these the striae are subequal, fine, and threadlike, as in the 

variety figured by Girty. c In another variety fine and coarse striae 

alternate more or less regularly. In a third variety, which has been 

observed at only one locality, the striae are arranged in fascicles of 

three or four fine striae separated by much coarser ones.

This species, though common at many of the Colorado localities, 

does not appear in the collection from New Mexico.

Locality. Glenwood, Rockwood, and southwest of Mount Eolus, 

Colorado.

SCHUCHERTELLA COLORADENSIS n. sp.

Plate III, figures 5-6a; Plate IV, figure 1.

Orthothetes chemungensis? Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 

1900, PI. Ill, fig. 3.

Shell approximating a semicircular outline. Ventral valve with 

area extremely elevated; in one specimen height of area is equal to 

three-fourths of width; in the other height and width are about equal. 

The two sides of the valve are unsyrnmetrical and irregular in growth. 

The beak is twisted laterally and directed backward, but not incurved. 

Deltydium and area transversely striated. Surface marked by rather 

closely placed radiating striae of uniform size. Dorsal valve unknown.

Only two specimens of this fossil are known. They occur in association with numerous specimens of S. chemungensis, but none of the 

latter show any individuals which approach the form here described 

in the height of the area. The greater width as compared with the 

length also distinguishes S. chemungensis from this form. The

o For synonymy, see Scliuchert, Charles, A synopsis of American fossil Brachiopoda: Bull. U. S. Geol. 

Survey No. 87,1897, p. 240.

& For earlier synonymy, see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 87. 

c Twentieth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2,1900, PI. Ill, figs. 4-0.
BEACHIOPODA. 17

slightly incurved beak of Schuchertella extensus distinguishes that 

shell from the present species. 

Locality. Rockwood, Colo.

P&ODUCTELLA COLORADENSIS n. Sp.

Plate IV, figures 2-8.

Productella semiglobosa Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, 

. p. 42, PI. Ill, figs. 7-10.

The specimens which were provisionally identified by Girty a with 

Nettleroth's species P. semiglobosa together with a number of 

other specimens, have been compared with Nettleroth's types by me. 

The resemblance between the specimens from the-Falls of the Ohio 

and the Colorado specimens is rather close., but the differences 

appear to be sufficient to justify distinguishing the western form as 

a new and hitherto undescribed species.

Mature specimens of P. coloradensis generally show a slight tendency toward a sinus in the ventral valve; generally this amounts 

only to a flattening across the middle of shell, but in some shells a 

distinct sinus is present, as shown in Plate IV, figure 5. In P. semiglobosa there is no such flattening,. the shell presenting a regularly 

circular outline in front. The Colorado form is slightly more arched, 

the beak being rather more strongly incurved and the shell descending more abruptly in front. However, the Colorado and the Louisville species are very closely allied, particularly in the scattered 

irregular spine bases of circular outline. Prominent ears similar to 

those of the Colorado specimens are preserved on one of the Louisville shells. The more arcuate form and greater tendency to a 

geniculate front are the chief distinguishing features of this species.

Round spine bases mark the anterior two-thirds of the shell; on 

well-preserved specimens small round tubercles which do not seem 

to have been spines take the place of these in the umbonal region. 

In exfoliated shells small round pits mark the mold of the shell under 

the spine bases, indicating a thickening of the shell on the inner side 

at the base of the spines. In a few specimens the natural mold 

exhibits narrow elongated pits corresponding to similar elevations on 

the interior of the ventral valve; these, however, do not appear on the 

outer surface of the valve. Fine concentric lines of growth mark the 

surface of well-preserved shells. Prominent concentric wrinkles mark 

the ears and less distinctly the umbonal region. They are absent or 

indistinct on the anterior two-thirds of the shell.

The dorsal valve is distinctly geniculate in front and moderately 

concave in the middle and posterior portion. The surface is marked 

by small shallow pits about corresponding in number to the spine

a Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900', p. 43.

87137 Bull. 391 09 2
18 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OURAY LIMESTONE.

bases of the opposite valve. The cardinal process has two short, 

slightly diverging prongs.

This fossil is rather common in the Ouray Devonian fauna.

Locality. Glenwood, Shoshone, Rockwood, Gunnison, Salida, 

Durango, Colo.

PRODUCTELLA COLORADENSJS var. PLICATUS n. var.

Plate IV, figures 9-12.

The.collections from New Mexico contain a variety of Productella 

coloradensis which is distinguished from the typical form by the 

presence of a low and rather wide plication in the shallow sinus of 

the ventral valve. The plication becomes recognizable first about 

one-fourth to one-third the distance from the beak to the front, with 

the first appearance of the sinus, as a low rounded swelling, sometimes 

barely discernable, in the middle of the latter. Three to six spine 

bases mark the crest of the. fold. These are present in some shells 

where the fold is not recognizable and by their linear arrangement 

indicate the axis of the obsolescent fold. Along the anterior half of 

the fold the striae of growth are distinctly curved backward in crossing the fold; posteriorly their course is scarcely interrupted. P. 

coloradensis is represented b}7 only one or two individuals in the collection from New Mexico, but the variety plicatus is common. In the 

collections from Colorado the variety is correspondingly rare. At 

least two of the Colorado specimens, however, distinctly represent 

this variety.

Locality. Shoshone and Rockwood, Colo., and Hillsboro, N. Mex.

PRODUCTELLA LAMINATUS n. sp. 

Plate IV, figures 13-14.

Shell rather small, subhemispheric in outline, with hinge line 

slightly shorter than greatest width of shell, and cardinal angles 

rounded. '

Ventral valve moderately convex; beak small, slightly overarching 

the hinge line. .Surface studded with slender, closely placed spines, 

and marked by a series of 12 to 1.8 prominent concentric lamellose 

bands; having a width of from 1 to 1£ mm. each, and by very fine 

concentric striae. Pedicle valve unknown. This species resembles 

in its numerous fine spines the next described species, P. spinigera, 

but the uniform character and regular spacing of the lamellose bands 

and the less highly arched ventral valve distinguish it from that 

form. The prominent lamellose bands, indeed, distinguish it sufficiently from any other species.

Locality. Shoshone, Colo.
BRACHIOPODA. 19

PRODUCTELLA SPINIGBRA n. sp. 

Plate V, figures 1-4. ,

Shell rather small, subhemispheric in outline.

Ventral valve moderately concave; beak small and slightly overarching the hinge line. Entire surface covered by closely set short 

slender spines or by small tubercles marking their bases. Some 

specimens are marked by strong lamellae of growth; in others these 

are indistinct or absent. In the former class the lamellae have given 

rise to a more or less regular concentric arrangement of the spines; 

in the latter no very definite concentric alignment is apparent.

Dorsal valve slightly concave. The entire surface is covered with 

fine short spines like those of the opposite valve. The spines on both 

valves are pressed closely against the shell and point toward the 

front and lateral margins.

The interior of the dorsal valve is shown in a specimen believed to 

belong to this species. The inner surface is rugose or finely granulated. A fine threadlike septum beginning about 1 mm. from the 

cardinal process extends one-third the distance to the front. The 

two lobes of the*cardinal process coalesce in front, giving a horseshoelike outline opening in front. There are traces of auxiliary processes 

at the sides of the two divisions of the cardinal process, giving a suggestion of a quadripartite process like that in StropJialosia. In one 

of the specimens in which the two valves are attached the cardinal 

process shows a distinct V shape from the dorsal view. In this specimen, which is one of the types, the two divisions of the process are 

not connected anteriorly, as in the previously described specimen. 

The minute character and general distribution of the spines distinguish this species from any with which it might be compared except 

P. laminatus, .which is distinguished from it as stated in the description 

of that species.

Locality. Hillsboro, N. Mex.

PRODUCTELLA HILLSBOROENSIS n. sp.

Plate V, figure 6.

The collection contains four specimens of what is apparently a new 

Productella. None of these are complete enough to show the outline.

Shell large, depressed convex. The ventral valve is entirely covered with short, slender closely placed spines or spine bases. The 

spines lie close against the shell as in the preceding species. Surface 

striae are absent or extremely indistinct. The ventral valve is 

uniformly but very slightly convex.

The dorsal valve is slightly concave and is without spines. Somewhat corrugated concentric wrinkles are present on both valves in
20 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OURAY LIMESTONE.

one specimen. A median septal ridge extending half way to the 

front is present on the interior of the dorsal valve.

This shell resembles the preceding species P. spinigera, in the small 

size and close distribution of the spines on the ventral valve, but the 

smooth dorsal valve, depressed character, and greater size, distinguish the two sharply. The sinuate front of P. depressa distinguishes 

it from P. liillsboroensis.

Locality. Hillsboro, N. Mex.

PRODUCTELLA DEPRESSA n. sp.

Plate V, figures 5-5a.

A single specimen of a large ventral valve which appears to be specifically distinct from any of the previously described species may be 

characterized as follows:

Shell large, broader than long, the proportion being about 11 to 8. 

The ventral valve is only moderately convex in the median portions, 

depressed as compared with most species of Productella, and has 

broad flattened ears. A broad and rather deep sinus marks the 

anterior third of the shell, giving it a sinuate front., The beak and 

umbone are small and inconspicuous. The entire surface, with the 

possible exception of the umbonal region, which is exfoliated, is 

marked by small elongated spine bases pointing forward. These are 

rather numerous in the anterior portion of the shell and are comparatively scarce on the ears. Concentric wrinkles and very fine striae of 

growth complete the surface markings.

This species may be compared with P. bialveata, P. loydi, and P. 

lachrymosa var. lima of the Chemung, each of which is characterized 

by a sinus in the ventral valve. The limitation of the spines to the 

marginal region in the first species, however, distinguishes it from 

P. depressa. In P. boydi the sinus extends to the beak, instead of 

being limited to the anterior portion of the shell, as in this species. 

It seems also to have a greater proportional breadth at the hinge 

line than in P. boydi. The gibbous character of the ventral valve of 

P. lachrymosa var. lima distinguishes it from P. depressa, whose broad 

depressed valve has just been described. A similar and still more 

striking contrast exists between this species and P. coloradensis, which 

is associated with it.

Three large fragmentary ventral valves which probably belong to 

this species are present in the collection from Glenwood.

Locality. Shoshone. Colo.
SCHIZOPHORIA STRIATULA Var. AUSTRALIS II. var.a

Plate I, figures 4-8; Plate II, figures l-5a; Plate III, figure 1. 

Schizophoria striatula Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2,1900, p. 39.

The New Mexican specimens of this species show a notably lower 

area in the ventral valve than its Iowa and New York representatives. 

They differ also from the type of the species found in the Eastern 

States in the extremely gibbous character of the umbonal region of 

their dorsal valve, which is in many specimens projected back of and 

over the hinge line.

The specimens vary widely among themselves with reference to the 

depth of the sinus at the front, but this variation is mainly a developmental feature, the sinus being slightly indicated in young shells and 

very deep in mature specimens. Many specimens in argillaceous 

limestones reach a very large size. One such shell measures 60 mm. 

in width and 46 mm. in length. The New Mexican specimens are not 

notably larger than the forms which are usually seen in Iowa.

CAMAROTCECHIA (PLETHORHYNCHA) ENDLICHI (Meek). 

Plate VII, figures 1-2; Plate VI, figures 10-lla.

Rhynchonella endlichi Meek, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 2d ser., No. 1, 

1875, p. 46. White, Twelfth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 

1883, p. 133, PI. XXXVI, fig. 2; PI. XXXIII, fig. 4.

Carnarotcechia endlichi Girty, Second Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1902, 

p..756, PL VI, figs. 1-4; PI. IX, fig. 1.

This species has been described and figured by both Meek and 

Girty. The only additional contribution to the knowledge of the 

species which is presented here concerns its geographic distribution. 

0. endlichi, which heretofore has not been known outside of Colorado, 

has been found to be equally abundant in the Devonian fauna of 

southern New Mexico to be, indeed, one of the most abundant and 

characteristic forms of the Devonian fauna of the Ouray in Colorado 

and New Mexico. It has been found in practically every locality in 

which the Ouray Devonian fauna is known in these two areas. The 

species as it occurs in New Mexico shows no notable difference from 

the well-known form in southern Colorado. In neither of these 

localities, however, has the species reached the enormous size which 

it attains farther north along Grand River, where specimens are not 

uncommon with a length of 60 mm. or more.

Locality. Glenwood, Shoshone, Rockwood, and Mount Eolus,. 

Colo.; Kingston, Lake Valley, and Hillsboro, N. Mex.

oFor a complete synonymy of this species previous to 1900 see Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 87.
22 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OUKAY LIMESTONE.

EUNELLA Sp. 

Plate IX, figures 6, 6a.

Shell very small, spatulate in outline. The ventral valve is slightly 

more convex than the dorsal. A narrow linear depression extends 

from the beak to the front. Surface apparently smooth and impunctate. Dorsal valve is marked by a narrow linear sinus similar to that 

in the ventral valve. The only specimen seen has a length of 2| mm. 

and a breadth of 2£ mm. The very small size of the shell suggests 

that it may be a young individual. Although evidently a new species, 

the slight imperfections of the single specimen makes desirable the 

collection of other specimens before a specific name is proposed.

Locality. Glenwood, Shoshone, Rockwood, Colo.; and Hillsboro, 

N.Mex.

CAMAROTCECHIA CONTRACTA (Hall)?

Plate VI, figures l-2a.

Atrypa contracta Hall, Geology of New York, IV; Survey Fourth Dist., 1843, Table

66, figs. 2, 3.

Atrypa laticostata Hall (non Phillips), Idem, 1843, Table 66, fig. 1. 

Ehynchonella (Stenocisma) contracta Hall, Pal. New York, IV, 1867, p. 351, pi. 55,

figs. 26-39. 

Rhynchonella contracta Herrick, Bull. Denison Univ., Ill, 1887, p. 39, pi. 10, fig. 9;

Idem, IV, 1888, p. 23, pi. 11, fig. 21. 

Camarotcechia contracta Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, VIII, pt. 2, 1893, p. 192,

pi. 57, figs. 28-32, 49. 

Camarotcechia contracta? Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900,

p. 57, PI. VII, figs. 2-4.

The writer follows Girty in referring provisionally to this species a 

Camarotcechia which appears to show no differences that clearly distinguish it from the C.- contracta of the Chemung formation. Wellpreserved specimens from New Mexico occurring in shales show two 

small subtriangular deltidial plates and a foraminal opening above 

them. The absence of a pointed ventral beak in all specimens examined seems to indicate that this opening involved the extremity of 

the beak. Neither the description and figures of the New York 

species nor the material available permit the comparison of this feature in the eastern and western specimens. - -

Locality. Glenwood, Shoshone, Rockwood, Colo.; Hillsboro, 

N. Mex. -

PUGNAX PUGNUS Martin.

Plate VI, figures 3-8a.'

Conchyliolithus (Anomites) pugnus Martin, Petrefacta Derbiensia, 1809, Table 22,

figs. 4, 5. 

Terebratula pugnus Sowerby, Min. Conchology, 1825, pi. 425, figs. 1-6. 

Rhynchonella pugnus Davidson, Mon. British Garb. Brach., Pal. Sic., I860,, p. 97,

pi. 32, figs. 1-15; Williams, Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., XXV, 1883, p. 99; Walcott,
 BEACHIOPODA. 23

Mon. U. S. Geol, Survey', vol. 8, 1884, p. 155, PI. XIV, fig. 7; Clarke, Bull.

U. S. Geol. Survey No. 16, 1885, p. 73; Whiteaves, Cont. Canadian Pal., I,

1891, pp. 230, 290.

fRhynchonella pugnus Dawson, Acadian Geology, 3d ed., 1878, p. 295. 

Pugnax pugnus Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, VIII, pt. 2, 1893, p. 203, pi. 60,

figs. 6-10.

The excellent material representing this species shows certain 

slight departures from the specific characters generally ascribed to it,, 

as will be seen from the following description:

Shell transversely ovate and elevated in front. The proportions 

of length and breadth are about as 6 to 7. Ventral valve slightly 

concave in the umbonal region, but nearly flat on either side of the 

sinus. Beak of ventral valve pointed and incurved over beak of 

opposite valve. A broad sinus, very deep in front, begins about 

one-fourth the distance from the beak to the front and bends sharply 

upward as a broad linguiform extension into the opposite valve. 

From two to four strong radiating plications generally occupy the 

sinus, and two rounded-plications are present on each side of it; all 

of these become obsolete before reaching the beak. The plications 

in the sinus arise in some shells independently; in others the later 

plications are the result of bifurcation.

The dorsal valve is greatly elevated at the front of the fold, from 

which it slopes abruptly downward to the lateral margins and more 

gently forward to the beak. The fold is marked by three to five 

plications, which are sharply angular 'at the front but are rounded 

posteriorly. These generally become obsolete about one-third of the 

distance from the beak to the front. They generally increase 

through bifurcation. From two to three rounded plications which 

are developed only near the margin of the shell are present on each 

side of the sinus. The line of contact between the plications and 

their intermediate troughs forms a series of very acute angles along 

the anterior margin of the valves.

In some well-preserved specimens the surface of both valves is 

covered by fine radiating striae. This seems to be a somewhat evanescent character, as the striae are not clearly discernible on other wellpreserved specimens. The radiating striae have been observed on 

specimens of P. pugnus from the Ithaca fauna of New York and 

Pennsylvania, although absent from the Iowa specimens which 

have been examined. The radiating striae are probably not specific 

characters in these specimens. They appear to show a temporary and 

local development of a tendency to radiate striation which became 

fully developed in the Carboniferous in such forms as Pugnus 

missouriensis. Some shells show indistinct, somewhat lamellose. 

concentric striae.

The largest individual observed, which appears to represent a 

gerontic shell, differs somewhat from the above description in the
24 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OURAY LIMESTONE.

greater number and prominence of the plications. There are fourteen 

on each valve, five of which occupy the fold and four the sinus. The 

lateral plications are well developed nearly to the beaks. This specimen has a length of 20 mm. and a breadth of 28 mm.

This species is represented by 16 individuals.

Locality. Hillsboro and Lake Valley, N. Mex.

ATHYRIS COLOR ADENSIS Girty. 

Plate VI, figure 9.

Athyris coloradensis Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2,- 1900,

p. 46, PI. V, figs. 5-11. 

Alhyris viltata var. Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, p. 47,

PI. V, fig. 12.

This species, as pointed out by Girty, is one of the most abundant 

and.generally present species in this fauna throughout its distribution 

in Colorado. It is likewise a common species in New Mexico, but the 

specimens from that. Territory are smaller than the Colorado specimens, resembling in this respect Athyris brittsi, to which they are 

closely allied.

The collections from New Mexico show specimens intermediate in 

size between ordinary specimens of A. coloradensis and the small form 

figured and provisionally referred by Girty to A. vittata var. a I am 

inclined, therefore, to regard the specimen figured by Girty as a 

young specimen of A. coloradensis, 4is he has suggested might be 

the case. The absence of a fold and sinus seems also to favor this 

supposition.

Locality. Glenwood Springs, Shoshone, Rockwood, Colo.; and 

Hillsboro, N. Mex.

SPIRIFER WHITNEYI Hall.

Plate VIII, figures 2-5a.

Spirifer whitneyi Hall, Geol. Survey Iowa, I, pt. 2, 1858, p. 502, pi. 4, fig. 2; Hall and 

Clarke, Pal. New York, VIII, pt. 2, 1893, pp. 24, 57, pi. 30, figs.-18, 19.

Spirifera ivhitneyi Hall, Pal. New York, IV, 1867, pp. 243, 417; Second Ann. Kept. 

'New York State Geologist, 1883, pi. 55, figs. 18, 19; Tschernyschew, Mem. 

Comit6 Ge"ol. St.-Pe'tersbourg, III, 1887, p. 60.

Shell rather large, valves strongly and about equally convex. 

Ventral valve with deep, broad, and rounded sinus marked by 15 to 

18 dichotonizing plications, most of which are derived through 

bifurcation from the two plications limiting the sinus at the beak. 

Beak strongly incurved over a low area in specimens from New Mexico. In Grand River specimens the beak is but slightly incurved and 

the area high. The area is vertically striated. A convex deltydium

a Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, PI. V, fig. 12.
BRACHIOPODA. 25

covering the sides and upper half of the delthyrium is present in some 

specimens. A narrow, deep groove separates it from the area.

Dorsal valve with an elevated and sharply delimited fold, which is 

marked by 15 to 20 dichotonizing plications. Surface of shell 

marked by 25 to 30 plications on each side the fold and sinus. These 

are broad and flat in the anterior half of the shell, with very narrow 

interspaces. The plications in one specimen from Glenwood Springs 

have a breadth of 2 mm. at the front, with interspaces of about 0.5 

mm. between the plications. The surface of the plications is covered 

with extremely fine radiating striae, which are crossed by equally fine 

concentric striae. The fine radiating striae seem to be an evanescent 

character, and are entirely absent on some very well preserved specimens. They are perhaps nowhere so well developed as on Iowa 

specimens of S. vMtneyi. These finer markings, though rarely seen, 

have been observed on a few individuals from both New Mexico and 

Grand River, Colorado. The presence of the fine radiating striae on 

the plications seems to indicate the identity of the form under consideration with S. wliitneyi of the Iowa Devonian rather than with S. disjunctus of the Eastern States.

Comparison of the Colorado and New Mexican shells with specimens of S. wliitneyi from Iowa shows the latter to have more rounded 

and narrower plications as well as a smaller and less robust shell than 

the Rocky Mountain forms. In view of the extremely variable character of the S. disjunctus type, however, it seems undesirable to 

introduce a new specific name on account of these differences. The 

figures show average-sized specimens, but some individuals from 

Grand River reach a length of 58 mm.

Locality. Hillsboro, N. Mex.; Shoshone and Glenwood Springs, 

Colo.

SPIEIFER WHITNEYI var. ANIMASENSIS (Girty). 

Plate IX, figures l-3a.

Spirifer disjunctus var. animasensis Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 

pt. 2, 1900, p. 48, PL IV, figs. 1-10.

This variety represents a type which can generally be distinguished 

from the preceding by its smaller size, the more elevated area of the 

ventral valve, the slightly twisted and but slightly incurved ventral 

beak, and the more rounded plications. Perfectly preserved specimens from New Mexico which seem to be identical with this variety, 

as described by Girty from Colorado, show granulose plications covered with very fine radiating strige. These finer markings, which are 

not preserved on specimens from the limestone, seem to ally this 

variety with S. wliitneyi rather than with S. disjunctus. There is 

wide variation in the character of the area of the ventral valve. This
26 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OUEAY LIMESTONE.

variation includes specimens in which the area is moderately concave, 

vertical, and inclined forward.

Locality. Hillsboro, N, Mex., and Rockwood, Colo.

SPIRIFER NOTABILIS n. sp.

Plate VII, figures 3-6c. 

Spirifer bimesiaUs Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, p. 55.

Shell moderately gibbous, terminating laterally in slender mucronate extensions; width three or four times the length. A triangular 

delthyrium covered by a convex deltidium reaches to the beak of 

the ventral valve. The small pointed beak of the ventral valve is 

incurved over the delthyrium.

The valves are distinctly gibbous in the median region and show a 

slightly concave profile between this and the extended mucronate 

expansions. A rather narrow fold and sinus extend from the beak 

to the front of valves. A plication is in some shells present in 

the bottom of the' sinus. The fold is generally marked by a slight 

median depression which is obsolete in the posterior third of the fold. 

This depression is absent in the fold of the specimen from New 

Mexico. The two plications limiting the sinus are much stronger 

than those on either side.

The surface of each valve is marked by 24 to 30 plications. Of 

these three to six on either side of the fold and sinus originate at the 

hinge Hear the beaks and diverge toward the front of the valves after 

the usual manner in Spirifer. The remainder of the plications, which 

lie between these and the extremities of the hinge, have the remarkable 

peculiarity of extending forward normal or nearly normal to the hinge 

line. These lateral plications have, moreover, the peculiarity of 

being of the same or greater size at the hinge line than at the front, 

being thus much stronger and more prominent at the hinge line than 

the others. In some specimens one of the strong nodelike outer 

plications adjacent to the finer series coalesces with one of the latter 

a short distance from the hinge line. The diverse directions of 

growth of the two series of plications result in three or four of the 

outer series bending abruptly in conformity with the direction of the 

diverging series on coming into contact with them. The plications 

are crossed by a series of lamellose striae which are exfoliated in most 

specimens.

The peculiar series of plications on the mucronate expansion of the 

shell distinguish it from any other Spirifer known to me. In other 

respects it closely resembles Spirifer bimesialis Hall.

Locality. A dozen specimens are present in the collection from 

Glenwood Springs, Colo., where it occurs in a rather argillaceous 

limestone. The only other locality where it has been found is Kingston, N. Mex.
BRACHIOPODA. 27

SPIEIFER CONICULUS Girty.

Plate VII, figure 7.

Spirifer coniculus Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, p. 47, 

PI. V, figs. 1-4.

New material makes possible the addition of a few details not given 

in the original description of this species.

One specimen appears to indicate a convex deltidial plate over the 

high narrow delthyrium of the ventral valve. The high vertically 

striated area of this valve is vertical in some shells, but generally 

curved backward toward the beak. The thin dental plates which 

extend across the rostral cavity from the area of the ventral valve 

continue for about one-fourth of the distance from the beak to the 

front of the valve and are connected by a transverse plate.

The coarse radiating plications, of which there are eight to ten on 

each side of the fold and sinus, became almost if not entirely obsolete 

near the beaks. The best-preserved specimens show that extremely 

fine radiating striae covered the entire surface of the shell. These are 

generally not preserved. As pointed out by Girty, this shell bears 

but slight resemblance to any other Devonian Spirifer. It is a comparatively rare species and is. known only in southwest Colorado. 

- Locality. Rockwood and .4 miles to the southwest, Mount Eolus, 

Colorado.

SPIRIFER sp.

Associated with Camarot&chid endlichi in the Rockwood section is 

a coarsely plicated Spirifer represented by a single ventral valve, in 

the collection. This Spirifer is rather closely related to Spirifer centronatus, which occurs in the Carboniferous fauna of the same section. 

It is characterized by about 12 coarse plications on each side of the 

sinus and three very indistinct plications in the sinus reaching halfway to the beak. It seems to be distinguished from S. centronatus 

as it occurs in the Carboniferous of Colorado by the broader sinus with 

weaker plications and the less convex ventral valve.

Locality. North of Rockwood, Colo.

RETICULARIA SPINOSA n. sp. 

Plate IX, figures 4-5.

Shell small or medium sized, semielliptical in outline. The valves 

are moderately ventricose, the ventral being somewhat more ventricose than the dorsal. The hinge line is shorter than the greatest 

width of the shell; extremities rounded. Each valve has a vertically 

striated area. The length of the area of the ventral valve is about 

two and one-half times its height. The area of the dorsal valve is
28 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OTJRAY LIMESTONE'.

comparatively narrow, its length being six or seven times its width. 

A delthyrium reaching to the beak is present in each area. The two. 

are of equal width but differ in height according to the inequality of the 

two areas. A convex deltidial plate covers the ventral delthyrium.

A broad shallow sinus and a low median fold occupy the ventral 

and dorsal valves; both are indistinct or obsolete in the umbonal 

region but are in general fairly well defined at the front. In some 

specimens the fold is not distinguishable by elevation or otherwise 

from the rest of the valve.

The entire surface of the shell is covered with regular concentric 

rows of short acicular spines about 1 mm. in length directed toward the 

front and lateral margins. Where these have been removed, as is 

generally the case, short, nearly round spine bases mark their position. 

From 20 to 40 of the concentric rows mark the surface of the shell. 

The spine bases show more or less tendency to an arrangement in 

radiating lines. Exfoliated shells preserve strong concentric lamellose ridges marking the position of the concentric spine bases. 

This species is represented by six specimens, all from New Mexico.

Reticularia setigera Hall is rather closely related to this species, but 

the figures of R. setigera indicate, that the lamellose striae on it are 

much wider apart than in R. spinosa.

This shell bears considerable resemblance to the shell from the 

Eureka district, Nevada, figured by Walcott as Spirifer undifera var. 

There is an essential difference between the two, however, in the 

much coarser character of the fimbriate spines which mark the 

lamellose striae in Reticularia undifera var. The same difference, 

together with the entire absence of plications, seems to distinguish it 

from all the forms called Reticularia undifera in the United States. 

Reticularia spinosa has a strong resemblance to and may prove to be 

identical with Spirifer curvatus Schlotheim from the Middle Devonian 

of England.

Locality. Hillsboro, N. Mex.

SYRINGOSPIRA n. gen. tt

Diagnosis. Shell rather large, and of subpyramidal contour. The 

entire surface is plicated. Ventral valve with a high vertical area, 

divided medially by a delthyrium reaching to the apex. A comparatively flat deltidium is sometimes present. The dental lamellae diverge slightly toward the front of the shell but before reaching it they 

curve toward the median plane and unite. These plates are also 

united a short distance within the delthyrium by a thin transverse 

plate which extends from the apex of the shell nearly or quite to the 

hinge line, thus forming a closed space or tube extending the length of

a The resemblance of this genus to the genera Syringoihyris and Spirifer has suggested the formation 

of its name from the names of these two genera.
BKACHIOPODA. 29

these two processes which increases gradually in size from the apex 

of the valve toward the dorsal valve.

This genus, though somewhat closely related to Syringothyris, represents a type generically distinct from it, as appears from the following considerations: The syrinx, which is the distinguishing characteristic of Syringofhyris, is developed from the transverse plate and consists of a split tube except in one or two species where it appears to 

be solid. This tube as it approaches the opposite valve decreases in 

size, terminating in a point in some shells. Syringospira, however, 

has a closed instead of a split or solid tube. It represents an inclosure 

formed by the junction of the dental lamellae on the anterior side and 

the transverse plates uniting these on the.posterior side, instead of 

a distinct process developed from the latter, as in Syringothyris. .The 

distinct character of this feature in the two genera is also illustrated 

in the tendency to increase in diameter at the lower end in Syringospira 

and to terminate in a point in Syringothyris.

The strongly plicated fold and sinus of this genus distinguish it from 

most of the species of Syringothyris, all but two of the described species having the fold and sinus smooth. Neither the punctae nor the 

"twilled cloth" marking of Syringofhyris have been observed in this 

genus.

The type of the genus is S. prima.

SYRINGOSPIRA PRIMA n. sp. .

Plate VII, figures 8-8cl; Plate VIII, figures 1-la.

Shell large, subpyramidal in outline, with a dorsal valve of the 

spiriferoid type and a ventral valve resembling Cyrtia in the high flat 

area. Greatest width of the shell is at the hinge line, where it about 

equals the height. Ventral valve with a very high area inclined 

slightly forward. The area is vertically striated with striae of uniform 

size. A few-of these coalesce in passing toward the hinge line. One 

specimen shows a deltidium which apparently covered the long narrow 

delthyrium to the hinge line. It is absent in the other, the transverse 

plate crossing the delthyrium 2 mm. below the plane of the area near 

its middle. The long tubular inclosure formed by the junction of the 

transverse plate with the dental lamellae and of the latter with each 

other on the anterior side of the valve is pear shaped in cross section, 

the narrowest portion being at the transverse plate. The surface of 

the ventral valve is entirely covered with coarse, closely placed, low 

rounded plications. There are about 60 to 70 of these, of which 15 to 

20 occupy the sinus. The plications are crossed by fine concentric 

striae which in some shells develop into a series of imbricating lamellae. 

The sinus is broad and poorly defined, being in a few specimens nearly 

flat at the front, which is produced into the fold of the opposite valve.
30 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OUEAY LIMESTONE.

The dorsal valve is moderately concave with a distinct fold. The 

length varies from a little less to a little more than half the width. 

About 70 low rounded plications mark the surface, 24 of which occupy 

the fold. They are crossed by concentric, somewhat lamellose striae. 

All the plications on the fold originate by bifurcation from two primary plications at the beak. On the lateral slopes bifurcation occurs 

rarely if at all. *

Only two specimens of the species are known.

Locality. Hillsboro, N. Mex. .

MERISTELLA BAREISI Hall?

Plate IX, figures 7-9a.

Meristella barrisi Hall, Thirteenth Kept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1860, p. 84;

Pal. New York, IV, 1867, p. 304, pi. 49, figs. 5-22; ? ?Tschernyschew, M6m.

Comite" Geol. St.-Petersbourg, III, 3, 1887, p. 55, pi. 9, figs. 12, 15; pi. 13, figs.

. 1, 2. Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, VIII, pt. 2, 1895, pi. 43, figs. 25, 26;

pi. 44, figs. 27-30.

The collections from New Mexico contain about two dozen specimens of a shell which does not appear to be distinct from M. larrisi 

of New York. They are slightly broader than the New York form, 

the breadth being generally about equal to the length, but in other 

respects they resemble it closely, as the figures will indicate. 

' Locality. Hillsboro, N. Mex.

 t

PELECYPODA.

ORTHONOTA sp.

Plate X, figure 6.

Shell small, subcylindrical in the vicinity of the beaks, somewhat 

compressed posteriorly. The length is a little more than three times 

the height. Cardinal line straight, but overhung by the incurved 

umbones. Umbonal slope indicated by a low subangular ridge 

extending to the postinferior extremity. The postcardinal slope is 

marked by a low ridge which is about one-third the distance from 

the cardinal line to the postumbonal ridge posteriorly. The character of the posterior and anterior extremities of the shell are not 

shown by the specimens. . ~

This shell is represented by two specimens. It is doubtless new, 

but the naming of the species is deferred till more complete description is possible.

Locality. Rockwood and 4 miles southwest of Mount Eolus, 

Colorado.
PELECYPODA. 31

GLOSSITES cf. LINGUALIS Hall.

Plate X, figure 1.

Glossites lingwlis Hall, Pal. New York, I, pt. 5, II, 1885, p. 497, PI. XL, figs. 16, 19;

PI. XCVI, figs. 9-11. 

In part, Modiomorpha? amygdalina (Winchell) Hall, Prel. Not. Lamellibranchiata,

2, 1870, p. 78. 

In part, Modiomorpha? amygdalina (Winchell) Hall, Pal. New York, V, Pt. I, 1883,

pi. 40, figs. 12-20. 

Not Sanguinolites amygdalinus Winchell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863,

p. 13. 

Allorisma sp. Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, p. 59.

Shell of medium size, outline elongate subelliptical. Length twice 

the height. Cardinal line slightly arcuate. Lower margin gently 

rounded. Anterior end somewhat produced, abruptly rounded from 

about the middle of the height to the lower margin. Beaks small

and closely appressed, scarcely elevated above the cardinal margin 

and placed in the anterior third of the shell. A barely discernible 

depression marks the outer half of the shell below the beaks. The 

postcardinal slope is marked by a narrow flattened area. The 

remainder of the surface shows a moderate and uniform convexity. 

The surface is marked by concentric undulations which probably 

represent fascicles of striae. The shell is entirely exfoliated, so that 

finer surface markings if ever present are not observed.

So far as the material permits comparison this shell appears to 

be identical with the Chemung species of New York.

Locality. Durango quadrangle, Colorado.

LEPTODESMA ACUTIROSTRUM Hall?

Plate X, figure 2. 

Leptodesma acutirostrum Hall, Pal. New York, V, pt. 1, 1884, p. 234, pi. 91, fig. 21.

A single left valve is doubtfully referred to this species, with 

which it is closely related if not identical. The shell is of medium 

size; outline as shown by figure. The body makes an angle of 

about 42° with the hinge line. Beak anterior. The anterior margin 

bends sharply backward -from the point of the beak, and in joining 

the gentle curvature of the ventral margin makes a distinct concavity in the margin of the shell below and posterior to the beak. 

Margin broadly rounded below, continuing in to the posterior margin. 

The left valve is slightly gibbous in the umbonal and postumbonal 

region, but is only moderately convex in the lower part. Wing not 

sharply defined from the rest of the body, the margin oblique or 

making a straight line near the cardinal line.

The specimen is represented by a mold which does not show the 

character of the surface markings. . ...

Locality. Rockwood, Colo.
32 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OUBAY LIMESTONE.

LEPTODESMA EOLUS n. sp. 

Plate X, figure 3.

Shell small and very oblique. Length nearly twice the height. 

The body is narrow with a nearly uniform width below the ears and 

makes an angle of about 30° with the hinge line.

The anterior ear is rounded below and separated from the nearly 

straight antero-basal margin by a poorly denned sulcus. A second 

faint sulcus posterior to this extends from the beak to the lateral margin nearly at right angles to the hinge line. Posterior wing small, 

acutely pointed, and flattened.

Beak at the anterior third depressed and directed forward. The 

body is distinctly elevated along a line from the beak to the posterior 

extremity. From this ridgelike elevation the surface of the left 

valve slopes abruptly to the posterior wing and the posterolateral 

margin, and more gently to the anterolateral margin.

No surface markings are preserved. The right valve is unknown.

This shell resembles L. lichas of the Chemung, but has a narrower 

body which makes a more acute angle with the hinge line.

Locality. Four miles southwest of Mount Eolus, Colorado.

MYTILARCA sp. a.

Plate X, figure 4.

Two small species of Mytilarca are represented in the collection by 

imperfect left valves.

Species a shows the following features: Shell small, the ventral 

margin straight. Dorsal margin moderately rounded in the middle 

portion, bending rather abruptly in the upper part toward the beak. 

The maximum elevation of the shell is very near the ventr:al margin, 

along a line extending forward from the beak parallel to the ventral 

margin. From this axis of maximum elevation the shell slopes 

abruptly, almost vertically, to the ventral margin on one side; on the 

other side the slope is very gradual and regular to the dorsal margin, 

making in profile a nearly straight line. This species bears some 

resemblance to M. carinata of the Chemung.

Locality. Rockwood, Oolo.

MYTILARCA sp. 6. 

Plate X, figure 5.

Shell small, with outline as.shown in figure. Unlike the form just 

described, the ventral margin is curved and rounds gentry into the 

anterior margin. The greatest convexity of the shell is in the postumbonal region, which slopes rather abruptly to the ventral margin. 

Toward the anterior margin the slope is gradual and uniform and continues thus to the middle of the dorsal margin; between this point and
GASTROPODA. 33

the hinge the uniform slope changes to a slight concavity between the 

upper dorsal margin and the elevated umbonal region. Neither the 

character of the hinge line nor the beak is clearly shown in the specimen. Right valve unknown. 

Locality. Rockwood, Colo.

AVICULOPECTEN Sp.

The genus is represented by two or three species, but the material 

is too poor to justify figuring or description.

Locality. Rockwood and 4 miles southwest of Mount Eolus, 

Colorado.

GASTROPODA.

BELLEEOPHON sp. undet.

Plate X, figures 7-8. 

Bellerophon sp. Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, p. 62.

The imperfect material representing a species of Bellerophon in the 

Ouray limestone has been described by Girty as follows:

Shell large, very gradually expanding, not flaring at the aperture. Umbilicus open. 

Volutions somewhat flattened above, so that a transverse section at any point would 

be elliptical. Slit band in the form of a narrow ridge, not much elevated, traversing 

the median dorsal line. The surface is r&arked by transverse, lamellose ridges, about 

1 mm. broad, which appear to be .but little deflected as they cross the dorsal ridge.

One large specimen measures about 60 mm. on its longest diameter. The others 

are somewhat smaller. ,

This species evidently belongs to the genus Bellerophon as restricted by Waagen, 

and seems to be related to B. pelops of the "Corniferous " limestone. The poor preservation of the material hardly admits of further comparison than this.

Formation and locality. Specimens of a Belleroplwn which is probably identical with the species noted by Girty were found at the following localities: Shoshone, Rockwood, and southwest bf Mount 

Eolus, Colorado.

STRAPAROLLUS. cf. CLYMENIOIDES Hall., 

Plate X, figure 10.

Euompkalus clymenioides Hall, Desc. New Species Fossils, etc., 1861, p. 266. 

Euomphalus clymenioides Hall, Fifteenth Ann. Kept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist.,

1862, p. 54.

Euomphalus (Straparollus) clymenioides Hall, idem, p. 166, PI. VI, figs. 1, 2. 

JEuomphalus clymenioides Hall, Illus. Devonian Fos., 1876. Cephalopoda, PI. LXX,

figs. 1-5.

Euomphalus clymenioides Hall, idem, Gasteropoda, PL XVI, fig. 15. 

Euomphalus (Straparollus) clymenioides- Hall, Pal. New York, 1877, V, pt. 2, p. 62,

.PI. XVI, fig. 15; PI. XVII, figs. 1-5.

Straparollus clymenioides? Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U, S, Geol, Survey, pt. 2, 

1900, p. 61, PI. VII, figs. 7-8.

87137 Bull. 391 09 3
34 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OURAY LIMESTONE.

Girty's description of this shell as it occurs in the Ouray limestone 

is as follows:

Shell attaining a rather large size, discoidal, section across the peritreme nearly 

circular. Volutions gradually expanding, rather numerous, tangent: The spire is 

depressed below the plane of the outer volutions, so that the upper side of the shell 

is slightly concave, while the lower side is still more so.

The largest specimen observed has a diameter of about 35 mm.

The form upon which the description just given is based is not common in the 

Ouray limestone, and not well preserved. I think the characters cited are warranted 

by the material examined, and they indicate a species closely related to Hall's 

Straparollus clymenioides.

This shell seems to show a close resemblance to S. clymenioides 

as indicated by Girty, but when it is possible to compare perfect 

material representing the two forms it is probable that they will be 

found to be distinct species. The associated fossils indicate that the 

Colorado shell belongs to a very late horizon of the Devonian, while 

the New York shell with which it is compared is found in the Schoharie grit and the "Upper TIelderberg" limestone. This rather wide 

separation of the two forms in the geologic column points toward the 

probability that they will prove to be distinct species.

Locality. Four miles southwest of Mount Eolus, Colorado. .

EUOMPHALUS of. EUREKENSIS Walcott? 

Plate X, figure .11.

Euomphalus eurekensis Walcott, Mon. U.S. Geol. Survey, vol. 8,1884, p. 185, PI. XVI, 

figs. 2-2a.

This collection contains a single specimen which is closely related 

to if not identical with this species and may be described as follows: 

Shell large, discoidal, increasing very gradually in size from the 

aperture to the apex, which is depressed below the level of the upper 

surface of the outer volution. The outer volution is not quite in contact with the second. The shell is broadly umbilicate and is coiled 

nearly in one plane. The upper surface of the inner volutions is in 

nearly the same plane as the upper surface of the outer volution. 

The outer whorl of the shell is slightly ovate in cross section, the 

greater diameter being in the direction of the plane of the periphery 

of the, shell. Volutions about three, aperture very slightly expanded. Surface marked by strong sublamellose transverse stride. 

The specimen has a diameter of 60 mm.

The imperfect preservation of the aperture of the specimen prevents close comparison of this portion of the shell with that of 

Euomphalus eurekensis. The absence of surface markings in the types 

of the latter also prevents comparison of this feature in the Colorado 

and Nevada shells.

Locality. Shoshone, Colo.
GASTROPODA. 3 5

NATICOPSIS? (!SONEMA) HUMILIS Meek.

Plate X, figure 9.

Isonema humilis Meek, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1871, p. 79. 

fNaticopsis Issvis Hall and Whitfield, Desc. New Species Fossils, 1872, PI. XII, figs.

3-5 (not N. Ixvis Meek, 1871). 

fNaticopsis Isevis Hall and Whitfield,, Twenty-third Ann. Kept. New York State

Cab. Nat. Hist., 1873, PI. XII, figs. 3-5 (not N. Ixvis Meek, 1871). 

Naticopsis? (Isonema) humilis Meek, Geol. Survey Ohio, Pal., Vol. I, 1873, p. 214,

PI. XIX, figs', la-lc. 

Naticopsis? (Isonema) humilis Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2,

1900, p. 60, PI. VII, figs. 9-11.

The rather poor material referred to this species is either identical 

with or very closely related to Meek's species which was described from 

the Middle Devonian of Ohio.

Locality. Southwest of Mount Eolus and Lime Mesa, Colorado.

NATICOPSIS GIGANTEA Hall and Whitfield?

Naticopsis gigantea Hall and Whitfield, Twenty-third Ann. Kept. N. Y. State Cab.

Nat. Hist., 1873, p. 238, PI..XII, figs. 8-10. 

Naticopsis gigantea Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900,

p. 60.

No new material representing this species has been found. The 

resemblance of the specimens studied by Girty to N. gigantea is as 

strong as could be expected in badly exfoliated shells. Their size and 

general form point very strongly to the identity of this shell with 

Hall and Whitfield's species, but the identity of the two can hardly 

be regarded as fully established until better material has been 

procured.

Locality. Engineer Mountain and Durango quadrangles, 'Colorado.

COLEOLUS sp. undet. 

Plate X, figure 13.

Tube circular and tapering very gradually from the base. Surface 

markings unknown. The tube is slightly curved in the upper part 

in some specimens, apparently straight in others. The largest 

specimen observed has a maximum diameter of 10 mm. No complete specimens are present in the material under examination. The 

largest has a length of 40 mm. and a maximum diameter of 5 mm.

This fossil is known from but one locality, where it occurs in a 

limestone.

Locality. Four miles southwest of Mount Eolus, Colorado.
36 DEVONIAN FAUNA OF THE OTJRAY LIMESTONE.

CEPHALOPODA.

ORTHOCERAS (SPYROCERAS ?) cf. CROTALUM Hall.

Plate X, figure 12. -

Orthoceras sp. c Girty, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1900, p. 63.

Six specimens in the collection represent a species which may be 

characterized as follows: The shell is an orthocone tapering regularly and gradually toward the apex. Transverse section, circular 

and siphuncle central. The septa are rather closely placed, generally 

1^ to 3 mm. apart.

The shell is marked by strong rounded transverse ampliations 

separated by a space equal to about one-third the diameter of the 

shell, or 3 to 5 mm. apart. No other surface markings are preserved. 

The largest specimen has a diameter of 15 mm. None of the six 

specimens show either extremity of the shell.

The close resemblance of this shell to Orthoceras crotalum was 

pointed out by Girty; but with the material at hand I am unable to 

state whether or not it possesses the longitudinal striae characterizing the surface of that shell. For a similar reason there is some 

doubt as to whether it should be assigned to Hyatt's genus Da/wsonoceras or Spyroceras, both of which include annulated forms. If the 

supposition which is here entertained, that this species is identical 

with or closely related to 0. crotalum of Hall, be correct, it of course 

belongs with the latter genus. The transverse annulations and 

other features which are preserved agree precisely with those of 

0. crotalum.

Locality. Durango quadrangle and Rockwood, Colo.
PLATES.

37

PLATE I.
PLATE I

(All figures on this and the following plates are natural size unless otherwise stated.)

ZAPHEENTIS sp.

Figures 1-la. Lateral view and calyx. Hillsboro, N. Mex.

CRANIA. OUBAYENSIS n. sp.

Figures 2-2a. Surface and profile views of ventral valve of type specimen. Endlich 

Mesa, Colorado.

LEPT./ENA RHOMBOIDALTS.

Figure 3. Exterior of ventral valve. Kingston, N. Mex.

SCHIZOPHORIA STRIATULA Var. AUSTRALIS n. Vai.

Figures 4-8. Five individuals showing the increasing gibbosity of the dorsal valve 

with maturity. Lake Valley, N. Mex.

40
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE

1 a

OURAY FAUNA

CAMPBELL ART CO., ELIZABETH, M. J.
PLATE II.

41
PLATE II.

SCHIZOPHORIA STRIATULA Var. AUSTRALIS 11.

*

Figures 1-5. Ventral views of specimens figured on Plate I (figures 4-8), showing

variation in depth of sinus. 

Figures la-5a. Anterior views of the same individuals, showing the development of the

sinus at the front from a nearly straight line in immature individuals to a highly

arched line in gerontic shells.

42
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE

3a

OURAY FAUNA
PLATE III.
PLATE III.

SCHIZOPHORIA STRIATULA Var. AUSTRALIS n. Var. 

Figure 1. Muscular impression of ventral valve. Glen wood, Colo. 

SOHUCHERTELLA CHEMUNGENSIS.

Figure 2. Portion of a ventral valve showing striae and distorted beak, X 2. Rockwood, Colo.

Figure 3. Dorsal valve, X 2. Rockwood, Colo. 

Figure 4. Area of ventral valve. Rockwood, Colo. 

Figure 4a. Surface of ventral valve.

SCHUCHERTELLA COLORADENSIS n. sp.

Figure 5. Exfoliated ventral valve of type specimen. 

Figure 5a. Side view of the same specimen. 

Figure 5b. Area of ventral valve. Rockwood, Colo. 

Figure 6. Side view of ventral valve of another specimen. 

Figure 6a. Area of ventral valve. Rockwood, Colo.

44
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE

6a

OURAY FAUNA
45
PLATE IT.

SCHUCHERTELLA COLORADENSIS n. Sp.

/

Figure 1. Partly exfoliated ventral A-alve of type specimen showing striae, X 2. Rockwood, Colo.

PRODUCTELLA' COLORADENSIS n. sp.

Figures 2-4. Three ventral valves. Rockwood, Colo. 

Figure 2a. Side profile view of ventral valve. 

Figure 5. Ventral valve of the type specimen. RockAvood, Colo. 

Figure 5a. Side profile view of type specimen.

Figures 6 and 7. Views of the interior of two dorsal valves. Rockwood (7) and Mount 

Eolus (6), Colorado.

PRODUCTELLA COLORADENSIS ('On. sp.

Figure 8. Ventral valve showing a short plication near the front. Rockwood, Colo. 

.PRODUCTELLA COLORADENSIS var. PLICATUS n. var.

Figure 9! Ventral valve of type specimen. Kingston, N. Mex. 

Figures 10, lOa. Front profile and side views of specimen. Kingston, N. Mex. 

Figures 11, lla. Ventral and dorsal views of another individual. Kingston, N. Mex. 

Figure 12. Ventral valve of a large exfoliated individual. Shoshone, Colo.

PRODUCTELLA LAMINATUS n. sp.

Figure 13. Ventral valve of the type specimen. Shoshone, Colo.

Figure 14. View of a ventral valve of a small individual. Shoshone, Colo.

46 - ' <
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE IV

2a

10

10a na

13

14

OURAY FAUNA
JLL 'A 
PLATE Y. 

PRODUCTELLA SPINIGERA n. sp.

Figures 1, la. Ventral valve of type specimen. Kingston, N. Mex.

Figures 2, 2a. Dorsal and side profile views of another specimen. Kingston, N. Mex.

Figure 2b. Ventral valve, X 2.

Figure 3. Interior of dorsal valve. Kingston, N. Mex.

Figure 4. Fragmentary ventral valve, X 2. Kingston, N. Mex.

PKODUCTELLA DEPRESS A n. sp.

Figures 5, 5a. Ventral valve showing exfoliated surface and side profile. Shoshone, 

Colo.

PRODUCTELLA HILLSBOROENSIS n. sp.

Figure 6. Fragmentary ventral valve with very small spine bases. 

CAMAROTGEOHIA CONTRACTA?

Figure 7. Dorsal view of a specimen tilted slightly forward to show plates below beak. 

The ventral beak is broken in such a way as,to erroneously indicate a round foramen, X 3. Lake Valley, N. Mex. 

48
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE V

2a

2b

6 7 

OURAY FAUNA

CftMPBELL flCT CO., ELIZABETH, M. J.
PLATE VI.

87137 Bull. 391 09 4 49
PLATE VI. 

CAMAROTCECHIA CONTB.ACTA?

Figures 1, la. Dorsal and front profile views of a specimen with the plications slightly

rounded by slight exfoliation. Lake Valley, N. Mex.

' Figures 2, 2a. Dorsal and front profile views of a shell with sharp angular plications. 

Lake Valley, N. Mex.

PUGNAX PUGNUS.

Figure 3. Front profile view. Lake Valley, N. Mex.

Figures 4, 4a. Dorsal, front, and ventral. views of an individual. Lake Valley,

N. Mex.

Figure 5. Front profile view of another shell. Lake Valley, N. Mex. 

Figures 6, 6a, 6b. Three views of a small specimen showing the minimum number of

plications. Lake Valley, N. Mex. 

Figures 7, 7a. Front and ventral views of specimen with prominent lateral plications.

Lake Valley, N. Mex. 

Figures 8, 8a. Views of the largest and most abundantly plicated shell observed.

Lake Valley, N. Mex.

ATHYEIS COLORADENSIS.

Figure 9. Ventral valve of a small individual. Lake Valley, N. Mex.

CAMAROTCECHIA ENDLIOHI.

Figures 10, lOa. Dorsal and ventral views of a rather large shell. Mount Eolus,

Colorado. 

Figures 11, lla. Front and ventral views of average-sized shells. Lake Valley,

N.Mex.

50 .
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE VI

2a

4b

ga

6 b

10 10a

OURAY FAUNA
PLATE VII.

51
PLATE VII. 

CAMAROTCECHIA ENDLICHI.

Figure 1. Anterior profile view. Kingston, N. Mex.

Figure 2. Ventral view of a shell which has been faulted and recemented. Kingston, 

N. Mex.

SPIRIFER NOTABILIS n. sp.

Figure 3. Dorsal valve. Glenwood, Colo. 

Figure 4. Ventral valve of the type specimen. Glenwood, Colo. 

Figure 5. Fragmentary dorsal valve. Glenwood, Colo.

Figures 6, 6a. Ventral and dorsal views of a specimen. Lake Valley, N. Mex. 

Figure 6b. Beaks and area, showing delthyrium, X 2.

Figure 6c. Dorsal valve, showing fine lamellose striae. The shell is tilted slightly forward, showing beak and area of ventral valve, X 2.

SPIRIFER CONICULUS.

Figure 7. Ventral valve, showing the beak slightly twisted to the right. Mount Bolus, 

Colorado.

SYRINGOSPIRA PRIM A n. sp.

Figure 8. Area of ventral valve of the type, showing slightly incurved beak of opposite 

valve. Lake Valley, N. Mex. *

Figures 8a, 8b, and 8c. Ventral, dorsal, and side profile views of the type specimen.

Figure 8d. Transverse section of the ventral valve as exposed by/ the broken apex of 

the valve, showing the tube and transverse plate. I/ 

52
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY EULLETIN 391 PLATE VII

OURAY FAUNA
PLATE VIII.

53
PLATE VIII. 

SYRINGOSPIRA PRIMA n. sp.

Figure 1. Dorsal valve, showing plications which are eroded near the hinge line. 

Figure la. View showing lower part of the striated area of a fragmentary shell. 

Kingston, N. Mex.

SPIRIFER WHITNEYI.

Figures 2, 2a, 2b. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of a specimen with strongly

incurved beak. Kingston, N. Mex. 

Figure 3. Area and deltidial plate. The hinge line is tilted slightly upward.

Kingston, N. Mex.

Figure 4. Dorsal view of a specimen with a high area. 

Figure 4a. Lateral profile view, showing the high area and slightly incurved beak.

Shoshone, Colo.

Figure 5. Dorsal view of a specimen with short hinge line. 

Figure 5a. Side profile view showing an area intermediate in height and curvature

between 2b and 4a. Lake Valley, N, Mex. 

54 '
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE VIII

4a

OURAY FAUNA
PLATE IX.

55
PLATE IX. 

SPIRIFER WHITNEYI var. ANIMASENSIS.

Figures 1, la. Dorsal and ventral views of a small specimen showing twisted beaks.

Lake Valley, N. Mex. 

Figure 2. Dorsal valve. Rockwood, Colo. 

Figures 3, 3a. Ventral and side profile views of ventral valve, showing the greatly

elevated area of this variety. Rockwood, Colo.

RETICULARIA SPINOSA n. sp.

Figures 4, 4a, 4b. Ventral, dorsal, and side profile views of the type.

Figure 4c. View showing the narrow area, delthyrium, and beaks, X 2. Lake Valley, N. Mex.

Figure 5. Partly crushed specimen showing small spine bases. The figure fails to 

show the minute spines which are preserved near margin of the shell, X 2. 

Kingston, N. Mex.

EUNELLA Sp.

Figures 6, 6a. Dorsal and ventral views of the only individual observed, X 3. 

Glen wood, Colo.

MERESTELLA BARRISI?

Figure 7. Ventral view of a specimen showing one of the spires. Lake Valley,

N. Mex.

Figure 8. Dorsal, ventral, and front profile views of a specimen. Lake Valley, N. Mex. 

Figures 9, 9a. Dorsal and .front profile views of another individual. Lake Valley,

N. Mex.

56
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE IX

^t&jj^J ^^J

4a 4b

<" 6

*

6a

"V.

OURAY FAUNA

LHABETH, N. J,
 '1

PLATE X.

57
PLATE X.

GLOSSITES cf. LINGUALIS. 

Figure 1. Exfoliated left valve. Durango quadrangle, Colorado.

LEPTODESMA ACUTIROSTRUM?

Figure 2. Natural mold of left valve. R,ockwood, Colo.

LEPTODESMA EOLUS n. sp.

FigureS. Left valve of the type specimen. Four miles southwest of Mount Eolus, 

Colorado.

MYTILARCA sp. a.

Figure 4. Fragmentary right valve. Rockwoocl, Colo.

MYTILARCA sp.fr. 

Figure 5. Natural mold of a right valve. Rockwoocl, Colo.

ORTHONOTA sp.

Figure 6. Imperfect left valve. Rock" wood, Colo. ...'.

BELLEROPHON sp. undet.

Figure 7. Side view of a natural mold showing umbilicus. Rockwood, Colo. 

Figure 8. Natural mold showing dorsal ridge. Rockwood, Colo.

NATICOPSIS? (!SONEMA) HUMILIS.

Figure 9. Spire of an exfoliated shell. Mount Eolus, Colorado.

STRAPAROLLUS cf. CLYMENOIDES.

Figure 10. Whorls. Four miles southwest of Mount Eolus, Colorado.

EUOMPHALUS EUREKENSIS? 

Figure 11. Natural mold of the shell. Glenwood, Colo.

ORTHOCERAS (SPYROCERAS?) cf. CROTALUM. 

Figure 12. Type specimen. Rockwood, Colo.

COLEOLUS sp. undet.

Figure 13. Natural mold of a shell. Four miles southwest of Mount Eolus, Colorado. 

58
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 391 PLATE X

10

OURAY FAUNA
INDEX.

Names in italic are those of synonyms; fignres in black face denote descriptions; figures \n.italic show 

position of illustrations.

Page. 

A llorisma sp................................ 31

Anomites pugnus............................ 22

Athyris brittsi............................... 24

coloradensis....................... 8,12,24, 50

vittata var................................ 24

Atrypa contracta.. ........................... 22

laticostata ........:...................... 22

Aviculopecten sp............................ 12,83

Bellerophon................................. 8,33

pelops........................ v.......... 33

sp................................. 9,12,83,58

Brachiopoda............................... 15-80

Camarotoechia.............................. 22

contracta....................... 8,12,22, £8,50

endlichi...................... 8.9,12,21, BO, 5?

Cataract Gulch, section at................... 10

Cephalopoda................................ 86

Chone.tes illinoiensis......................... 7,12

Ccrlenterata................................. 15

Coleolus sp............................... 12,35, 58

Compositahumilis....:..................... 12

Conchyliolithus (Anomites) pugnus........... 22

Crancena subelliptica var. hardingensis...... 14

Crania leoni................................. 15

ourayensis........................... 12,15, 40

Cross, Whitman, on Colorado Devonian.. 5,7,10,11 

Dawsonoceras............................... 3(>

Dielasma burlingtonense.................... 12

sp....................................... 9,12

Elbert formation, correlation of.............. 9,11

Endlich, F. M., on Colorado Devonian....... 5

Eumetria verneuiliana...................... 9:12

Eunella sp................................ 12,22,56

Euomphalus clymenioides................... 33

eurekensis........................... 12,34, 68

Gastropoda................................. 88-35

Girty, G. TT . fossils determined by........... 5,9

on Colorado Devonian............... 5,0,10,13

on Straparollus.......................... 34

Glossites Hngualis.................... 12,81, 68

Grand River valley, fossils in ............... 8

rocks in...................:............. 8

section in................................ 8

Graton, L. C., and Gordon, C. H., fossils collected by........................ 6

on New Mexico Devonian............ 11,13,14

Isonema humilis.......................... 8,85, 68

Page. 

Leadville limestone, definition of............ 10

Leptsena rhomboidalis................... 12,16, 40

Leptodesma acutirostrum................ 12,81,58

eolus................................. 12,82,58

lichas.................................... 32

Meek, F. B., on Colorado Devonian.......... 5

Menophyllum ulrichanum................... 7,12

sp..................................... 7,10,12

Meristella barrisi......................... 12,80, 66

Millsap limestone, correlation of............. 10

^Modiomorpha amygdalina ................... 31

Mytilarca carinata........................... 32

sp................................. 12,32-33, 58

Naticopis gigantea........................... 12,35

(Isonema) humilis................... 8,12,85, 58

Issvis .................................... 35

Needle Mountains, Ouray limestone at...... 7

Nomenclature, status of..................... 6

Orthoceras (Spyroceras) crotalum........ 12,36,58

Orthonota sp............................. 12,30,58

Orthothetes chemungensis..................... 1C

Ouray, fossils at.............................. 1

section at................................ 7

Ouray limestone, correlation of.............. 5-11

faunas in................................ 11-13

distribution of....................... 13-14

subdivision of......................... 5,11,13

Parting quartzite, correlation of............. 11

Pelecypoda................................. 80-33

Plethorhyncha endlichi..................... 21

Productella................................. 19,20

bialveata................................ 20

boydi................................... 20

coloradensis.................. 8,12,17-18, 20,40

var. plicatus..................... 12,18, 4<i

concentrica.............................. 7,12

depressa.............................. 12,20, 48

hillsboroensis..................... 12,19-20, 48

lachrymosa var. lima.................... 20

laminatus ........... 1.......... 8,12,18,19, 46

semiglobosa.............................. 17

spinigera......................... 12,18,19,48

Productus Isevicosta........................ 7,12

parviformis ............................. 12

pustulosus.............................. 12

semireticulatus......................... 7,12

winchelli................................ 12

59
60 INDEX.

Pugnax pugnus...................... 12,22-24,50

Fugnus missourlensis....................... 23

Reticularia hirta............................ 12

setigera................................. 28

spinosa........................... 12,27-28,55

undlfera var............................. 28

Rhlpidomellathlemei. .....f ................. 7,12

Rhynchonella contraeta....................... 22

endliehi.................................. 21

pugnus.................................. 22,23

Rockwood, rocks near....................... 7-8

Sanguinolites amygdalinus................... 31

Schizophoria sMatula....................... 21

striatula var.australis........ 8,12,21,40,45,44

Schuchert, Charles, on Colorado Devonian... 6 

Schuchertella chemungensis............ 8,12,16,44

coloradensis................... 12,16-17,44,45

extensus................................ 17

inflata.................................. 12

sp....................................... 7,12

Shoshone, fossils near....................... 8

section near............................. 8

Silverton, section near....................... 10

Spencer, A. C., on Ouray limestone....... 5,6,7,13

Spirifer.................................. 26,27,28

bimesialis. ............................... 26

centronatus........................ 7,10,12,14

coniculus............................. 12,27,5,8

curvatus................................ 28

Page. 

Spirifer disjunctus.......................... 25

var. animasensis..................... 25

notabilis............................. 12,26,55

peculiaris............................... 12

whitneyl....................... 8,12,24-25,54

var. animasensis............ 8,12,25-26, 56

sp...................................... 12,27

Spin/era wMtneyi............................ 24

Splriferina aolldlrostris...................... 12

Splrorbis sp................................. 12,15

Springer, Frank, aid of...................... 6

Spurr, J. E., on Colorado geology............ 10

Spyroceras.................................. 36

crotalum................................ 12,86

Stenocisma contraeta......................... 22

Straparollus clymenioides............. 12,33-84,58

laxus.................................... 10,12

sp...................................... 7,9,12

Stratigraphy, discussion of.................. 6-11

Streptelasma................................ 8

Strophalosia................................ 19

Syringospira............................. 12,28-80

prima......................... 12,29-30,55,54

Syringothyris............................... 28,29

Terebratula pugnus. ......................... 22

Vermes..................................... 15

White, C. A., on Colorado Devonian......... 5

Zaphrentis sp............................ 12,15,40

o