Bulletin No, 244 Series 0, Systematic Geology and Paleontology, 69

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES J). WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

19 OS

HENRY SHALER "WILLIAMS

AND

EDWARD. M. KINDLE

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1905

CONTENTS.

Page.

Letter of transtnittal ..................................................... 7

Fart I. Fossil faunas of the Devonian andM-ississippinn (" Lower Carboniferous") of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky ........................ 9

Part II. Fossil faunas of Devonian sections in central and northern Pennsylvania ...............................................................

General index .............:..............................................

Index to paleontologic names ............................................. 139

3

ILLUSTRATIONS.

^ / Page. 

PLATE I. Sections in Indiana and Kentucky near Louisville.............'.... 16

.1.1. Sections in Virginia and West Virginia.fl........................ 28

III. A, Lowest limestone oi Franklindale beds, part oi Gulf Brook section, Pennsylvania; B, Oswayo (Pocono) formation, zone 12 of 

South Mountain section, Pennsylvania......................... 96

IV. Sections in Bradford and Tioga counties, Pa...................... 130

Fu;. 1. Section on Brooks Run, Bullitt County, Ky.......................... 20

2. Section south of Huber, Ky ....................................... 21

ll Sections in Virginia and West Virginia . f'........................... 43

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

UNITBD STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

Washington, D. C., Mwj 31, 1904.

SIR: 1 have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of a 

report entitled "Contributions to Devonian Paleontology, 1903," by 

Henry Shaler Williams and Edward M. Kindle, and to recommend its 

publication as a bulletin. The report consists of two parts: I. Fossil 

faunas of the Devonian and Mississippian ("Lower Carboniferous") 

of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky. II. Fossil faunas of the 

Devonian sections of central and northern .Pennsj^lvania. 

Very respectfully,

C. W. HAYES,

Geologist in Charge of Geology. 

- Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT,

. Director United States Geological Survey.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY, 1903.

PART I.

FOSSIL FAUNAS OF THE DEVONIAN AND MISSISSIPPIAN

("LOWER CARBONIFEROUS") OF VIRGINIA,

WEST VIRGINIA, AND KENTUCKY,

HENRY SHALER WILLIAMS and EDWARD M. KINDLE.

CONTENTS OF PART I.

Page.,

Introduction, by H. S. Williams.........'.................................. 15

Kentucky sections, by E. M. Kindle.......:............................... 16

.Bear Grass Creek quarries, near Louisvill e..........;.................. 10

Ohio Falls and Edwardville sections ................................... 17

Brooks, Bullitt County :.........'..................................... 20

I-Iuber, BullittCounty................................................ 21.

Clermont, Bullitt County ............................................... 22

New Haven, Nelson County .......................................... 28

Riley, Marion County ................................................ 24

Parksyille, Boyle County .............................................. 25

Junction City, Boyle County.......................................... 26

Crab Orchard, Lincoln County ........................................ 26

Sections in 'Virginia and West Virginia, by E. M. Kindle ................... 27

Bigstone Gap, Wise County, Va. .................. 1................... 27

Big Moccasin Gap, Va ................................................ 29

Bland County, Va.................................................... 31.

White Sulphur Springs, W. Va......................................... 33

Caldvvell, Greenbrier County, W. Va.................................. 38

Covingtqn, 'Alleghany County, Va.................. .................. 39

Hot Springs, Bath County, Va .......................... ^.......;...:. 41

Clifton Forge, Alleghany County, Va.................. 1............... 42

Comments on sections, by H. S. Williams.................................. 44

Correlations, by H. S. Williams ... 1....................................... 45

The Rensselreria fauna, by H. S. Williams ................................. 40

The black shale and its fauna, by H. S. Williams ......................... 49

The Buchiola speciosa fauna, by H. S. Williams............................ 51

The faunules, their range and environment, by H. S. Williains.............. 52

The Upper Devonian faunas of the middle Appalachians, by II. S. Williams . 55 

Discussion of the chart ............................................... . 55

List of diagnostic Chemung species, by H. S. Williams...................... . 57

ILLUSTRATIONS IN PART I.

PLATE I. Sections in Indiana and Kentucky near Louisville ................ 16

II. Sections in Virginia and West Virginia ........................... 28

FIG. 1. Section on Brooks Run, Bullitt County, Ky ...................... 20

2. Section south of Huber, Ky..................................... 21

3. Sections in Virginia and West Virginia .:..................... 1.. 43

13

CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY,

1903.

PART L-FOSSIL FAUNAS OF IW.DEVONIAN AND MISSISSIPPI ANC'LOWER 

CARBONIFEROUS") OF VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, AND KENTUCKY,

By PI. S. WILLIAMS arid E. M. KINDLE.

INTRODUCTION,

By H. .S. WILLIAMS.

The investigations herein reported were begun for the purpose of 

ascertaining the nature of the changes in sedimentation, in fossils, and 

in sequence of faunas southward along the Devonian formations in the 

southern Appalachians. Collections were made by the senior author 

in southern Virginia and eastern Kentucky in 1895, and the results of 

the preliminary study of the fossils were reported in a paper read 

before the Geological Society of America in December, 1896."

In southern Virginia (at Bigstone Gap) the Devonian is represented 

by a continuous black shale, which probably runs upward beyond the 

stratigraphic horizon at which Carboniferous faunas appear in other 

regions. In east-central Kentucky the black shale, supposed to be in 

large part Devonian, continues upward bej^ond the horizon at which 

the earliest Carboniferous faunas appear. In neither the Bigstone 

Gap nor the Irvine (Ky.) sections was any trace of the Chemung 

fauna of New York seen. At several places, at the base of the black 

shales, the latest fauna appears to be no younger than Oriskany, and 

suggested that either there was an unconformity at the base or a black 

shale sedimentation continued during post-Oriskany Devonian time. 

Evidence of the unconformity at the base of the black shale is furnished by the sections at Brooks station, 15 miles south of Louisville, 

and at Huber, Bullitt County, Ky. *

In order to demonstrate the conditions intermediate between those 

represented by the typical northern sections and by the sections in 

the southern Appalachians, Dr. E. M. Kindle in 1898 made a special

«On the southern Devonian formations: Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 3, 1897, pp. 395-405.

15
16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

examination of the Devonian sections in Kentucky, West Virginia, 

and Virginia. Additional collections were thus obtained, and later 

all the material was studied together and the faunules listed and compared. The original identifications in the following paper were made 

'by Doctor Kindle. They have been reviewed })y the senior author, 

who is responsible for the discussions which follow the statistics. 

KENTUCKY SECTIONS.

By E. M. KINDLE.

The Kentucky sections examined furnished faunules from the following localities:

Sections examined in 'Kentucky.

1355 A. Bear Grass Creek quarries near Louisville, Ky. 

1357 A. Jeffersonville, Clark County, Ind.

B. Jeffergonville, Indiana side, near Government jetty.

C. South end of Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Kail way bridge,

Louisville, Ky. 

1305 A. Brooks, Bullitt County, Ky.

B. Button Mold Knob, three-fourths of a mile northeast of Brooks.

C. One mile west of Brooks station.

1367 A. Railroad cut, one-fourth of a mile south of Huber, Bullitt County, Ky.

1368 A. Quarry at Clermont, Bullitt County, Ky.

B. Ravine about one-fourth of a mile southeast of quarry, Clermont, Ky. 

C. Section at Deerlick Knob, Bullitt County.

1371 A. \\rest of town of New Haven, Nelson County, Ky., on bank of Rolling Fork. 

B. About 5 miles south of New Haven along the pike at Muldrows Hill.

1372 A. Northwest of Riley station, Marion County, Ky. 

B. South of Riley station.

1373 A. About three-fourths of a mile west of Parksville, Boyle County, Ky.

B. An old quarry in the "Knobstone" sandstone, 1£ miles west of Parksville.

1374 A. Lone Knob, near Junction City, Boyle County, Ky.

1375 A. Crab Orchard, Lincoln County, Ky.

BEAR GRASS CREEK QUARRIES, NEAR LOUISVILLE, KY.

Just east of Louisville the Niagara limestone is extensively quarried 

along the banks of Bear Grass Creek. The tops of the hills in the 

vicinity of the quarries are usually capped with from 10 to 15 feet of 

Devonian limestone. The following section is exposed at the quarry 

south of the institution for the blind:

Section 1355 A , on Bear Grass Creek', Kentucky.

Feet;.

2. White to light gray limestone (Devonian).................................. 10

1. Light bluish-gray arenaceous limestone (Niagara)........................... 35

In the Niagara beds (1) corals are common, but other fossils are 

scarce and difficult to obtain. The following species were collected 

from the lower part of the section:
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 244 PL. I

Generali 

Malls 

Ed

Haired sburg 

limestone 7

'Riverside 

sandstone 6

'New Providence c 

shale °

 Ttockford 4 

.limestone ^

New..Albany 

shale 3

.Sellarsburg beds 2

Jeffersonville 1 

limestone '

zed section from 

jf the Ohio to 

wardsviHe 

1357 A.

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im

SBS

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Vew Haven. Ky. 

1371 B Junction City, Ky. 

 v s. 1374 A

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. . Brooks, Ky. 2 grfK^jfej 

1365 1 P^^

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1355 A Louisville. Ky. 5 ^=n^2 ' ffijfififi

^l^, 1 '^-!^ si.i.i.^^g 1357 C ===.j= Clermont. liy. 3 Spjj|^ jg71 ^

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Crab Orchard, Ky. 

1375 A

,-

SECTIONS. IN INDIANA AND KENTUCKY NEAR LOUISVILLE.
WILLTAMS AND" 

KINDLE. KENTUCKY SECTIONS. 17

Fauuule of zone 1 of section 1355 A, on Bear Gntss Creek, Kentucky. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Strombodes striatus (c).

2. S. sp. (c).

3. Cladopora sp. (r).

4. Halysites eatenulatus (c).

5. Lyellia papillata (c). 

0. .Heliolites sp. (c). 

7. Stromatopora sp. (r).

8. Cornulites proprius (r).

9. Dalmanella elegantula (r).

10. Conchidium nysius (r).

11. Uncinulus cf. stricklandi (r).

12. Atrypa reticularis (r).

13. A. reticularis var. niagarensis (r).

14. Dalmanites vigilans (r).

In the upper 10 feet of the section fossils are abundant. Spirif&r 

(fregarius Clapp occurs in great profusion, and, with a few species of 

corals, furnishes the greater part of the faunule in some of the strata. 

The fossils identified from these beds are as follows:

Fawwk of zone % of section 1855 A, on .Bear Grass Creek, Kentucky.

[a, ubunclunt; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis sp. (c).

2. Pleurodictyum problematicum (r).

3. Crinoid steins (c).

4. Polypora sp. (r).

5. Stropheodonta demissa (c).

6. S. hemispherica (r).

7. S. (Leptostrophia) perplana (r).

8. Orthothetes chemungensis var. arctos- 

. triatus (r).

9. Chonetes niucronatus (r).

10. Schizophoria striatula (c).

11. Pentamerella arata (r).

12. Eunella lincklaeni (r).

13. Atrypa reticularis (a). 

.14. Spirifer acuminatus (r).

15. S. byrnesi (r).

16. S. gregarins (a).

17. S. varicosus (r).

18. Conocardium trigonalu (r). 

.1.9. Aviculopecten princeps (r).

20. Platyceras carinatum (r).

21. P. dumosum (r).

22. P. echinatum (r).

23. Proetus crassimarginatus (c).

24. Phacops cristata var. pipa (r)

OHIO FALLS AND EDWARDSVILLE SECTIONS.

The Niagara limestones, which are so well exposed just east of 

Louisville, are brought below the bed of the Ohio at the falls by the 

westerly dip, which is probably about 25 or 30 feet to the mile. A 

connected section from the Falls of the Ohio to Edwardsville, on the 

Indiana side of the river, shows the following beds:

Generalized section 1357 A, from Fails of the. Ohio to JMwardsville.

Feet. 

7. Gray limestone (Harrodsburg)............................................ 60

6. Massive to shaly sandstone and sandy shales (Riverside), with 1 to 10 feet of

oolitic limestone in upper part.......................................... 200

5. Blue arenaceous shales (New Providence) ...... ..^........................ 125

4. Fine-grained limestone (Rockford), breaking with conchoidal fracture ...... 3

3. Fissile black carbonaceous shale (New Albany)............................ 104

2. Argillaceous blue-gray limestone (Sellarsburg beds)........._............... 15

1. Light-gray limestone (Jeffersonville).................................. ^... 20
18 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [Buu,.244.

Fossils were obtained from the Jeffersoriville limestone at the exposure on the north bank of the river, about half a mile below the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway bridge (1357 Al).

The Jeffersonville limestone is exposed at low-water mark, near the 

Government jetty on the Indiana side of the river. Fossils were 

obtained from each of the the three zones of this limestone given below:

Section 1857 B, Jeffersonville limestone on north side of Ohio River.

Feet. 

3. Light-gray limestone..................................................... 6

2. Hard gray limestone..................................................... 2

1. Exposed at low water.................................................... 3

Near the south end of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and .St. 

Louis Railway bridge, in Louisville, Ky., the fine-grained calcareous 

sandstones lying below the black shale are quarried for cement. 

Three or 4 feet of rather pure limestone separate these sandy beds 

from the black shale at the upper end of the canal. The section is 

composed of the following zones:

Section 1357 C't at Louisville, Ki/.

Ft. in.

4. Black shale (at upper end of canal)......................... ............. 1

3. Light-gray limestone. ................................................... 3 6

2. Cement beds (Sellarsburg) .............................................. 8

1. Jeffersonville limestone (not exposed).

The faunules collected from the rocks at the Ohio Falls and in the 

vicinity are as follows:

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1357 A, at, Jeffersonville, Clark County, hid. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaplirentis gigantea (c).

2. YJ. ungula (c).

3. Blothrophyllmn decorticatum (c).

4. Diphyphyllum sp.

5. Thecia minor (c).

6. Favosites hemisphericus (c).

7. Michelinia cylindrica (c).

8. Discinasp. (r).

9. Stropheodonta deiuissa (c).

10. S. hemispherica (c).

11. S. (Leptostrophia) perplana (r).

12. Chonetes sp. (r).

13. Productella spinulicosta (r).

14. Orthis of. livia (r).

15. Schizophoria striatula (r).

16. Gypidula romingeri var. indianensis 

 . (r). '

17. Atrypaaspera (r).

18. A. reticularis (a).

19. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

20. Spirifer arctisegmentus (r).

21. S. euruteines (r).

22. S. byrnesi (r).

23. S. gregarius (a).

24. Conocardium trigonale (r).

25. Trochonema rectilatera (r).

26. Platyceras dumosum (r).

27. Platyostoma lineatum (r).

28. Proetus canaliculatus (r).
WJI.UAMS AND'] 

KINDLE. J KENTUCKY SECTIONS. 19

l'\tunule of zone 1 (Jeff'ersonvitte limeatone) of section 1357 .B, on. north, aide of Ohio River. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis gigantea (a).

2. Blothrophyllum sp. (c).

3. Favosites hemisphericus (c).

4. Syringopora sp. (c).

5. Stropheodonta demissa (c).

6. S. (Leptostrophia) perplana (r).

7. Pentamerella arata (r).

8. Eunella lincklseni (c).

9. Spirifer gregarius (r).

10. S. varicosus (r).

11. Conocardium cuneus (a).

12. Modiomorpha mytiloides (r).

13. Pleurotomaria sp. (r).

14. Holopeasp. (r).

15. Proetus crassimarginatus (c).

16. P. microgemma (r).

Faunuk of zone 2 of section 1357 B, on north side of Ohio River.

[n, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis gigantea (c).

2. Cyathophyllum rugosum (c).

3. Stropheodonta demissa (c).

4. S. (Leptostrophia) perplana (r).

5. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

6. Chonetes mucronatus (c).

7. Schizophoria cf. striatula (r).

8. Atrypa reticularis (c).

9. Cyrtina hamiltonen&is (r).

10. Spirifer gregarius (a).

11. Glyptodesma occidentale (r).

12. Conocardium cuneus (a).

13. Actinopteria boydi (r).

14. Ptychodesma sp. nov. (r).

15. Modiomorpha affinis (a).

16. M. mytiloides (a).

17. Turbo shumardi (c).

18. Callonema bellatulum (c).

19. C. cf. imitator (c).

20. Proetus crassimarginatus (c).

21. Dalmanites anchiops var. sobrinua 

(r).

22. D. selenuras (r).

Fcnmule of zone 3 of section 1357 B,. on north side of Ohio River. 

[c, common.]

1. Stropheodonta demissa (c).

2. S. hemispherica (r).

3. Chonetes inucronatus (c).

4. Atrypa reticularis (c).

5. Spirifer acuininatus (c).

6. Proetus cf. crassimarginatus (c).

Faunule of zone 2 (Sellarsburg cement beds) of section 1357 C, at Louisville, Ky. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta demissa (r).

2. Chonetes yandellanus (a).

3. Leiorhynchus quadricostatum

4. Atrypa reticularis (a).

5. Spirifer oweni (a).

6. S. segmentus (c).

7. S. subattenuatus (r).

8. Proetus sp. (r).

The only fossil found in the black shale (New Albany) at Louisville 

(1357 A3) was Lingula spatulata.

Near the mouth of Silver Creek, below the falls, Schizobolus concentricus occurs abundantly in the black shale (1357 A3).

The Rockford limestone (1357 A4) contains no fossils at its exposures near New Albany. This limestone appears to be absent south 

of the Ohio.
20 CONTKIIWTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. LnuLu2J4. 

BROOKS, BULLITT COUNTY, KY.

A connected section of the rocks in the vicinity of Brooks station, 

about 15 miles south of Louisville, is made up of beds exposed at the 

three following- localities: (A) Brooks, Bullitt Count}'; (B) Button 

Mold Knob, three-fourths mile northeast of Brooks; (C) 1 mile west 

of Brooks. The general section is as follows:

Generalized section 1365, near Brooks, Kij.

Feet. 

C2. Massive sandstone...-...........,................................' 40 to 50

Cl. Sandy shale and sandstone......I................................. 50 to 75

Bl. Blue clay shale .................................................. 50 to 65

A3. Black shale (New Albany) ....................................... 15 to 30

A2. Limestone (Devonian) ........................................... 2 to 6

A1. Limestone and sandstone (Niagara) ............................... 15 to 20

172 to 246

The black shale (A3) rests unconformably on the Devonian limestone 

in the vicinity of Brooks. In the bed of Brooks Run, between the 

railroad and the wagon road, the lowest strata of the black shale lie 

in shallow, irregularly eroded pockets in the limestone. In some of 

these a thin layer of reddish clay was observed between the limestone 

and the undisturbed black shale. The unconformity is illustrated in 

the accompanying figure.

FIG. 1. Section on Brooks Run, Bullitt County, Ky., showing unconformity between (black) New 

Albany shales and the Devonian (Jeffersonville) limestone.

One-half mile northeast of Brooks the shale (New Albany) has a 

drab color, and furnished the following fau.mle:

Faunule of zone 3 of general section 136,5 A, near Brooks, Ky. 

[c, common.]

1. Lingula spatulata (c). 3. Leiorhynchus cf. quadricostatum (c).

2. Chonetes scitulus (c). 4. Pleurotomaria sp. (c).

The upper argillaceous member of the Devonian (Sellarsburg beds), 

which is worked for cement at Louisville, is entirely wanting in this 

section. The Devonian limestone in the section represented by lig. 1. 

probably does not exceed 2 feet in thickness. Below it is the siliceous 

 Niagara limestone (Al), which outcrops in the wagon road and contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 1 of general section 1865 A, .near Brooks, Ky.

[c, common.] 

1. Favosites niagarensis (c). J 2. Halysites catenulalns (c).
WILLIAMS AND" 

KINDLE. KENTUCKY SECTIONS. 21

The Devonian limestone in the bed of Brooks Run, between the 

railroad and wagon road, Brooks, Ky., afforded the following- fossils:

Faum.de of zone 2 of general section 1365 A, near Brooks, Ky. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta dernissa (r).

2. S. (Leptostrophia) perplana (c).

3. Rhipidomella livia (r).

4. Pentamerella arata (r).

5. Camarotoechia sp.

6. Atrypa reticularis (c).

7. Spirifer fornacula (r).

8. S. varicosus (r).

9. Actinopteria sp.

10. Proetus crassimarginatus (c).

11. Phacops rana (r).

The blue clay shale (New Providence) at the base of Button Mold 

Knob contains the following species:

Faunule of zone. 1 of general section 1865 B, near Brooks, Ky. 

[a, abundant; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Am plexus ap. (r).

3. Crinoid stems (a). "

4. Orthothetes crenistria (r).

5. Chonetes illinoisensis (r).

6. Rhipidomella oweni (u).'

7. Spirifer suborbicultiris (a).

8. Platyceras sp. (a).

The latest fauna of the section is obtained from the massive sandstone (Riverside) 1 mile west of Brooks station, Ky.

Faunule of zone % of general, section 1365 C, near Brooks, Ky. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Fenestella sp. (c).

2. Discina sp:. (r).

3. Orthothetes crenistrja (r).

4. Derbya keokuk (c).

5. Productus burlingtonensis (c).

6. Camarotcechia sappho (c).

7. Syringothyris carter! (c).

8. Cypricardinia sp. (r).

HUBER, BULLITT COUNTY, KY.

The unconformity, between the black shale and the underlying limestones is well shown in the section exposed in the railroad cut onefourth mile south of Huber.

FIG..2. Section 1367 A, showing unconformity of the black shale and the Devonian limestone aoul.li 

of Huber, Ky. 1, Devonian limestone; 2, red clay; 3, black shale.

As shown in fig. 2, the shale on one side of the section is separated 

from the limestone by about 4 inches of red clay.
22 CONTBiBUTICVNS TO ^DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. ' [HUM,. 244.

The limestone (Sellarsburg) directly under the black shale in the 

railroad cut, one-fourth mile south of Huber, contains the following 

species:

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1867 A, near Huber, Ky. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthia sp. (r).

2. Camarotcechia tethys (c).

3. Tropidoleptus carinatus (r).

4. Spirifer cf. davisi (r).

5. Reticularia fimbriata (r).

6. Spirifer segmentus (r).

7. S. varicosus (r).

8. Ambocoelia umbonata (a).

9. Athyris spiriferoides (r).

10. Platyceras sp. (r).

The Niagara limestone is exposed at the roadside one-half mile south 

of Huber station. Fossils are scarce in it, and only the following 

were obtained:

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1367 B, near Huber, Ky.

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Halysites catenulatus (c).

2. Cladoporasp. (c).

3. Conchidium cf. littoni (r).

4. C. sp. (r).

CLERMONT, BULLITT COUNTY, KY.

The Niagara limestone is quarried extensively at Clermont. The 

section exposed at one of the quarries is as follows:

Section 1368 A, at Clermont, Ky.

Feet. 

4. Devonian limestone with crinoid stems.................................. . 3

3. Siliceous and dolomitic limestone....................................... 15-20

2. Blue shale ............................................................ 6

1. Hard blue limestone................................................... 15

Only a single species, Calymene niagarensis, was obtained from the

bed (Al) below the blue shale. '

The rocks in the quarry appear to contain few fossils. The followingnamed species, however, were collected from a fine-grained sandstone 

(1368 B), which outcrops in a ravine about one-fourth mile southeast 

of the quarry, and which appears to be the equivalent of the zone 3 

of the quarry (1368 A).

Faunule of section 1368 B, near Clermont, Ky. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis cf.; stokesi (c).

2. Cyathophyllum sp. (r).

3. Anastrophia internascens (r).

4. Conchidium cf. nysius (r).

5. Pentamerus oblongns (a), 

fi. Pentamerella sp. (r).

7. Rhynchonella stricklandi (r).

8. Atrypa reticularis (c).

9. A. reticularis var. niagarensis (c).

10. Spirifer radiatus (r).

11. Meristina maria (c).

12. Conocardium sp. (r).
WHJ.TAM8 AND 

KINDhE. ] KENTUCKY SECTIONS. 23'

Five miles northeast of Clermout the blue clay shale of the "knob 

stone" has been extensively denuded of soil and vegetation by 

"washes" on the slope of Deerlick Knob, exposing the following 

section:

Section 1368 C, at Deerlick. Knob, Bullitt County, Kentucky.

Feet.

5. Blue clay shale.......................................................... 35

4. Thin-bedded crinoidal limestone.......................................... 5

3. Black shale ..................__..............:.........:.................. 15

2. Covered ................................................................ 15

1. Limestone .............................................................. 3

73 

Faunule of zone 5 of section 186S C, at Deerlick Knob,- Kentucky.

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis dalei (a).

2. Chonetes illinoisensia (r).

3. Productussemireticulatus(c).

4. Dielasma cf. bovidens (r).

5. Spirifer marionensis (r).

6. S. mortonanus (c).

7. S. sp. (r).

8. Athyris lamellosa (a).

The blue-clay shales containing this faunule are similar in lithologic 

as well as faunal characters to the New Providence shale of southern 

Indiana, of which they are the southern continuation.

The thin limestone of this section, at the top of the black shale, is 

of particular interest because it occupies the same stratigraphic horizon as the Rockford limestone 30 miles to the northwest, while it carries the lower "knob" (New Providence shale) fauna, which is entirely 

unlike that of the Rockford limestone. The following species were 

obtained at Deerlick Knob, Ky.:

Faunule of zone 4 of section 1368 C, at Deerlick Knob, Kentucky.

1. Rhipidoniella oweni (abundant). 3. S. suborbicularis (common).

2. Spirifer mortonanus (common).

NEW HAVEN, NELSON COUNTY, KY.

The Devonian limestone was not seen at New Haven and, if present 

there, is very thin. The following section is exposed just west of the 

town, on the bank of Rolling Fork:

Section 1371 A, at New Haven., Ky.

Feet.

3. Black shale ............................................................. 5

2. Covered................................................................. 4

1. Dolomitic limestone .............. i...................................... 7

The dolomitic limestone, 1 of the above section, furnished the 

following Niagara species:

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1371 A, near'New Haven, Kentucky. 

1. Calymene niagarensis (common). | 2. Dalmanites verrncosus-(vare).
24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO .DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. '[uuLL.2«.

About 5 miles south ol: New Haven the following section-is exposed 

along the pike at Muldrows Hill:

Section 1371 B, at Ufaldrows .Hill, Kentucky.

Feet,

9. Covered ................................................................ 10

8. Shaly limestone and shale................................................ 20

7. Shale................................................................... 3-5

6. Limestone ............................. v................................ 20

5. Sandstone...................................................'............ 9

4. Limestone ............................................................... 18

3. Bluish sandstone weathering shaly........................................ 40

2. Blue shaly sandstone...................................................... 15

1. Shaly sandstone and shale................................................ 15

The above section shows the interpolation of the Harrodsburg 

("Lower Carboniferous") limestone beds in the Knobstone sandstone.

The following section shows a similar interstratification of.the limestone and Knobstone sandstone, 2 miles southwest of New Haven:

Section 1371 C, ,?. miles south of New Haven, Kit.

' Ft. In.

7. Shaly sandstone ....................................................... 8 0

6. Limestone ........................................................... 1 8

5. Gray sandy shale..................................................... 10 0

4. [Limestone and shale.................................................. 18 0

3. Covered (mostly shale) ............................................... 10 .0

2. Iron-ore concretions .................................................. 0 4

1. Black shale .......................................................... 10 0

It may be noted that the limestone at the top of the black shale in 

the Deerlick. section (1368 C4) is represented in the above section 

only by a band of ferruginous concretions (1371 C2). No fossils 

Avere seen in the blue clay shale above the black shale except crinoid 

stems.

RILEY, MARION COUNTY, KY.

The Ordovician limestone outcrops about 100 yards northwest of 

Riley station with a dip of 10° to 15° southwest. The black shale is 

exposed in the cut at the station. A short distance northwest of the 

cut the shale rests unconformably on rocks which are probably of 

Niagara age. No fossils were found in them. The Ordovician outcrops northwest of Kiley station (section 1372 A) afforded the following 

fossils:

Faunule of section 1.372 A, northwest of Riley station.

1. Platystrophia crassa (rare).

2. P. lynx (common).

3. Murchisonia sp. (common).
VMS AND 

'KINDLE. KENTUCKY SECTIONS.

In a sandy shale, just south of Eiley station (section 1372 B), the 

following. Knobstone faunule was collected:

Faum.de of section 1372 B, south of Riley station, Kentucky. . 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes crenistria (c).

2. Chonetes illinoisensis (a). 

8. Productella shumardana (a).

4. Productus burlingtonensis (c).

5. P. punctatus (r).

6. P. semireticulatus (c).

7. Schizophoria sp. (r).

8. Camarotcechia sappho (r).

9. Spiriferina subelliptica (c).

10. Spirifer rnarionensis (r).

11. S. sp. (r).

12. Syringothyris texta (r).

18. Palaeoneilo bedfordensis (r).

14. Maerodon cf. newarkensis (r).

15. Streblopteria sp. (r).

16. Cypricardinia sp. (c).

PARKSVILLE, BOYLE COUNTY, KY.

About three-fourths o.f a mile west of Parksville the blade shale

rests directly on the Ordovician, as shown in the accompanyingsection:

Section 1.^73 A, at Parksmlle, .fC'!f.

Feet.

2. Black shale .............................................................. 6

1. Soft blue shaly sandstone .......'........... ..............................' 4

The following species were collected from the shaly sandstone of the 

above section:

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1373 A; near Parksville, KIJ.

1. Hebertella cf. occidental is (rare).

2. Platystrophia laticoeta (common).

8. P. lynx (common).

The black shale about Parksville is about 25 feet thick. The blue 

clay shale above it has its usual appearance. The Knobstone Hills, 

just south of the railroad, are about 150 feet high and have an abundance of loose limestone fragments on their summits. No beds of the 

limestone were seen in place.

At an old quarry in the "Knobstone" sandstone (section 1373 B), 

li miles west of Parksville, the following species were collected:

.Faunule of 'section 1373 B, near Parksville, Ky. 

[e, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes crenistria (c).

2. Productella cf. shumardana (r).

8. Productus alternates (r).

4. P. semireticulatus (r).

5. Camarotoechin sp. (r).

6. Bielasma cf. formosa (c).

7. Spirifer keokuk (c).

8. S. lateralis (r).

9. Reticularia pseudolineata (c).

10. Eumetria marcyi (r).

11. Leiopteria sp. (r).

12. Platyceras bodensis (r).
26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244. 

JUNCTION CITY, BOYLE COUNTY, KY.

The black shale outcrops at a number of places in the vicinity of 

Junction City. It extends below drainage, so that the underlying beds 

were not seen. The following section indicates the stratigraphic 

relations:

Section 1374 A, at Lone Knob, near Junction City, Ky.

Feet.

3. Shaly sandstone ......................................................... 60

2. Blue clay shale. .....................................^................... 80

1. Black shale ............................................................. 15

CRAB ORCHARD, LINCOLN COUNTY, KY.

The Devonian limestone appears to be entirely absent in the vicinity 

of Crab Orchard. The following connected section includes the lowest 

beds observed in the vicinity of the springs and those outcropping in 

the knobs southwest of town:

Section 1375 A, near Crab Orchard, Ky.

Feet.

5. Shaly sandstone ("Knobstone" .......................................... 50

4. Shaly crinoidal limestone ................................................ 3-4

3. Shaly sandstone and clay shale (partly covered)........................... 100

2. Blackshale .....................'........................................ 35

1. Buff to brownish fine-grained sandstone................................... 10

No fossils were found in the fine-grained sandstone below the black 

shale.

The shaly sandstone (zone 5 of section 1375 A), 2 miles southwest of 

Crab Orchard, furnished the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 5 of section 1375 A, near Crab Orchard, Ky.

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Chonetes illinoisensis (c).

3. Productus sp. (r).

4. Camarotcechia cf. contracta (r).

5. Spiriferina subelliptica (c).

6. Spirifer mortonanus (c).

7. S. suborbicularis (c).

8. Eeticularia pseudolineata (r).

9. Syringothyris texta (c).

10. Ptychospira cf. sexplicata (r).

11. Athyria lamellosa (c).

12. Sphenotus sp. (r).

13. Edmondia sp. nov. (r).

14. Conocardium pulchellum (c).

15. Cypricardinia sp. (c).

16. Loxonema sp. nov. (r).

17. Platyceras cf. herzeri (r).

18. P.sp. (c).

19. Proetus auriculatus (r).

20. Phaethonides sp. (r).
CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. 2.7

SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA.

By E. M. KINPLK.

The faunas from Virginia and West Virginia were collected in part 

by H. S.' Williams in 1895, and in part by E. M. Kindle in 1898.

The Virginia and West Virginia localities examined furnished 

faunules from the following localities, viz:

Sectiom in Virginia and West, Virginia,.

1376. Bigstone Gap, Wise County, Va.

A. East Fork of Powell River, above flouring mill.

B. Cuttings of Southern Railway, northeast of Bigstone Gap.

C. On bank of Powell River, east side village at woolen mill.

D. South bank of river.

E. Loose in fields and talus heaps of rock exposure at Little Stone Gap. 

1377 A. Big Moccasin Gap, Va., between the railroad switch at the gap and the limestone southeast of Doctor Wallace's residence.

.1379. Hicksville, Bland County, Va.

Al. About 1$ miles above Hicksville in small ravine on Mr. Hornbarger's land.

A2. A. few hundred yards east of .1379 Al in bed of Kimberling Creek.

A3. One-half mile north of Hicksville.

A4. One mile east of Hicksville, near summit of Brushy Mountain.

B. On the Bluefield and Bland road, 300 yards southeast of summit of Brushy 

Mountain, and about 2 miles southwest of A4.

C. West of Point Pleasant, near top of Brushy Mountain.

X. On the Bluefield and Bland road, about 1£ miles south of Rocky Gap postoffice. 

.1380. White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.

A. Hotel grounds.

B. West end of tunnel and cuts along rail road southeastof White Sulphur Springs.

C. West end of long cut l-£ miles southeast of White Sulphur Springs.

D. Side of railroad three-fourths mile west of White Sulphur Springs.

E. Wagon road l£ miles west of White Sulphur Springs.

F. One-half mile east of Howard station. 

1381 A. Caldwell, W. Va. 

.1.382. Covington, Va.

A. East of Caldwell, W. Va.

B. One-half mile southeast of blast furnace, on north bank of Jackson River.

C. West bank of Jackson River, one-fourth mile south of Chesapeake and Ohio 

Railway bridge at Covington.

1383 A. Northwest of Hot Springs, Va., along the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.

1384 A. Near the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway bridge west of Clifton Forge, Va.

BIGSTONE GAP, WISE COUNTY, VA.

The Hancock limestone and the Grainger shale" are well exposed 

just northeast of Bigstone Gap, between the East Fork of Powell 

River and the Virginia and Southwestern Railway. On the East 

Fork of Powell River, just above the flouring mill, the Hancock limestone outcrops with a strike of S. 80° W., and a dip of 60° N. Above 

the limestone are about 50 feet of coarse sandstone.

«Estillville sheet, Geol. Atlas U. S.
28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [Buu,.a44.

Section 1376 A, on East Fork of Poivell River, above flouring mill.

2. Coarse sandstone ("Oriskany")....................................

I. Hancock limestone, top of..........................................

Feet 

. 50 

. 10

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1376 A, on East Fork of Powell River. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

8'. Kensselseria rnutabilis (r).

9. Cyrtina cf. daltnani (r).

10. Nucleospira sp. (r).

11. Meristella Isevis (c).

12. M. subquadrata (r).

1. Stropheodonta beckii (r).

2. S. cf. planulata (r).

3. Strophonella cavumbona (r) 

 J. Lepteena rhoinboidalis (c). 

5. Rhipidomella sp. (r). 

0. Gypidula pseudogaleata (r). 

7. Rhynchonella altiplicata (c)

13. Platyceras sp. (r).

14. Tentaculites elongatus (r).

Faunule of zone % of section 1376 A, on East Fork of Powell River. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Favosites sp. (r).

3. Strophonella cavumbona (r).

4. Lepteena rhotnboidalis (c).

5. Orthothetes woolworthauus (r). 

0. Dalmanella cf. planiconvexa (r). 

7. Rhipidomella oblata (c).

8. Camarotoechia ventricosa (a).

9. Cyrtina cf. dalmani (c).

10. Spirifer cyclopterus (a).

11. Meristella Uevis (c).

12. Platyceras pyramidatum (r).

13. Tentaculites elongatus (r).

14. Proetus protuberans (r).

At the side of the Southern Railway, northeast of Bigstone Gap, the 

sandstone lies upon the limestone, and across the river to the north 

the black shale appears, given in the section below. The succession 

was clear, but the exact thickness of the beds was not evident.

Section 1376 B, on Southern Railway, near Bigstone Gap.

3. Black shale.

2. Sandy and cherty beds ("Oriskany").

1. Hancock limestone.

Faunule of zone £ of section 1376 B, 

[a, abundant;

1. Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Auloporasp. (r).

3. Aspidocrinus scutelliformis (r).

4. Stictopora sp. (r).

5. Polyporasp. (r).

6. Roetnerella cf. grandis (r).

7. Stropheodonta lincklaeni (r).

8. S. magnifica (c).

9. S. beckii (c).

1.0. Strophonella cavumbona (c).

11. Lepteena rhomboidalis (a).

12. Orthothetes woolworthauus (c).

13. Dalmanella cf. planiconvexa (r).

14. Rhipidomella oblata (a).

15. Gypidula psendogaleata (r).

16. Rhynchotrema formosum (r).

17. Camarotcechia ventricosa (a).

18. Uncinulus campbellanus (r).

on Southern Railway, near Bigstone Gap. 

c, common; r, rare.]

I 19. Rhynchonella acutiplicata (c).

20. Rensselaeria mutabilis (r).

21. R. sp. (r).

22. Atrypa reticularis (r).

23. Cyrtina dalmani (c).

24. Spirifer cyclopterus (a).

25. S. sp. (r).

26. Meristella cf. bella (r).

27. M. subquadrata (c).

28. M. sp. (r).

29. Avicula comnmnis (r).

30. Loxonema sp. (r).

31. Holopea antiqua (r).

32. Proetus sp. (r).

33. Homalonotus sp. (r).

34. Phacops cf. cristate, (r).

35. P. logani (c).
0. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 244 PL. II .

White Sulphur Springs,/W. Va. 

H380 B

White Sulphur Springs, 

,W. Va.

Hob Springs, Va. 

1383 A

1380 A Cbviiigton, Va. 

C 1382B

Jennings formation

Clifton Forge, Va. 

1384 A

mm.

Rotnney shalo

Monterey san.dstono 

(Chert lentils')

Lewisto'wnJimestone

SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA.
WIUJAMS AND 

KINDLE. ] SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA. 29

In the.bed of the ravine just, north of the sand and cherty beds 

(1376 B2), the black Chattanooga shale (1376 B3) is exposed. It has 

a deep black color and contains an abundant fauna composed of 

 Linyula ligea and Schisobolus conoentricus.

The sandy beds of the Hancock limestone are well exposed about 

the iron furnace, and just north of the subterranean mouth of Wild 

Cat Creek. Collections from this locality were lost in transit.

On bank of Powell River by the woolen mill east of the village a 

section (1376 C) yielded the following fossils:

Faunule of section 1376 G, on Powell River. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Calceola of. plicata (r).

2. Leptsena rhomboidalis (r).

3. Rhipidomella oblata (r).

4. Gypidula pseudogaleata (c).

5. Caniarotcechia ventricosa (c).

6. Rhynchonella acutiplicata (r).

7. Spirifer cumberlandise (c).

8. S. cyclopterus (r).

9. Reticularia cf. fimbriata (r).

10. Meristella subquadrata(c).

11. Phacops cristata (r).

12. Dalmanites cf. anchiops (r).

13. D. pleuroptyx (r).

Along the river bank on the south side Mr. Williams collected from 

the reddish sandstone beds (1376 D), immediately below the Mississippian ("Lower Carboniferous") limestone, a fossil sponge which 

appears to be identical with the species described from the Waverly 

of Pennsylvania as JEctenodictya inflexa.

From rocks in the fields and in place at Little Stone Gap (1376 E) 

Mr. Williams collected species representing the fauna from the coarse 

sandstone beds underlying the black shale.

Faunule of section 1876 E, at IMle Stone Gap, Va. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Cyathophyllum sp. (r).

3. Cystiphyllum sp. (r).

4. Favosites sp. (r).

5. Cladoporasp. (r).

6. Gypidula pseudogaleata (c).

7. Atrypa reticularis (r).

8. Spirifer cyclopterus (r)..

9. S. perlamellosus var. (r).

10. Meristella subquadrata (c).

11. Cyrtolites sp. (r).

12. Platyceras cf. gebhardi (c).

13. Tentaculites sp. (r).

14. Dalmanites cf. pleuroptyx (r),

BIG MOCCASIN GAP, VA.

At Big Moccasin Gap the rocks dip from 30° to 40° SE. The strike 

is about S. 20° W., or approximately the direction of Clinch Mountain. 

The following section is based on the nearly continuous outcrops seen 

between the railroad switch at Big Moccasin Gap and the limestone 

southeast of Doctor Wallace's residence. 

Bull. 244 05 3
30 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

Section 1877 A, at Big Moccasin Gap, Va.

Feet.

7. Limestone and shale (Carboniferous) .....................................

6. Soft yellowish clay and crumbling sandstone .............................. 100

5. Hard, drab-colored sandy shale and sandstone............................. 40

4. Conglomerate band near top of 3' ... .1 3. Hard, bluish-gray to drab sandy shale]" - - - ..................... 60

2. Black shale, varying to gray, and much crushed and folded ................ 150

1. Tough quartzitic fine-grained sandstone ................................... 75

In the Estillville folio, 2 is called the Chattanooga black shale, and 

3 to 6 are assigned to the Grainger shale. The lowest fauna obtained 

from the section is from the lower.part of 3, about 20 feet above the 

black shale.

Faunule of zone <? of section 1377 A, at Big Moccasin Gap, Virginia.

fc, common; r, rare.]

1. .Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Crinoid stems (c).

3. Fenestella sp. (r).

4. Lingula gannensis (r).

5. Orbiculoidea sp. (c).

6. Chonetessp. (r).

7. Productus cora var. (r).

8. P. cf. semireticulatus (r).

9. P. cf. wortheni (c).

10. P. sp. (r).

11. Camarotoechia sp. (r).

12. Spirifer cf. marionensis (c).

13. Eeticularia pseudolineata (c).

14. Syringothyris carteri (r).

15. Athyris lamellosa (c).

16. Conularia sp. (r).

About 40 feet above the last zone a rich fauna occurs in the thin 

bands of ferruginous conglomerate which outcrop at the roadside 

nearly opposite the residence of Doctor Wallace. This is unquestionably a Knobstone or Waverly fauna. Some of the species are identical with those from the southern Indiana Knobstone. The following 

species were obtained:

Faunule of zone 4 of section 1377 A, at Big Moccasin Gap, Virginia. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Chonetessp. (a).

2. Camarophoria sp.

3. Dielasmasp. nov. (c).

4. Spiriferina cf. solidirostris (a).

5. Spirifer sp. (c). '

6. Reticularia pseudolineata (r).

7. Syringothyris sp. (c).

8. Glossitessp. (r).

9. Spathellasp. (r). 

10. Edmondiasp. (r).

11. Nuculasp. (r).

12. Palseoneilo perplana (a).

13. P. sulcatina (a).

14. P. sp.

15. Nuculana spatulata (r).

16. Leptodesmasp. (r).

17. Schizodussp. (r).

18. Bellerophon sp. (a).

19. B. sp. (a).

20. Pleurotomaria stulta (r).

21. P. sp. (a).

22. Loxonema sp. (c).

23. Platyceras sp. (r).

24. Orthoceras sp. (c).

25. 0. sp. (c).

26. Prolecanites greeni (r).

27. Phaethonides sp. (r).
KANI I SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIKGINIA. 31

About 30 or 40 feet above the last zone, the following- species 

were collected from a shaly dark-gray sandstone, about 100 yards 

southeast of Doctor Wallace's house: .

Faunule of zone 5 of section 1377 A, near Biy Moccasin Gup, Virginia. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Lepidodendron sp..(r).

2. Crinoid stems (r).

3. Lingulodiscina newberryi (r).

4. Productus sp. (c).

5. Carnarotcechia ep. (r).

6. Spirifer keokuk (c).

7. Sphenotus flavius (c).

8. Edmondiasp. (r).

10. Macrodon sp. (r).

11. Pinna sp. (r).

12. Schizodus sp. (r).

13. Actinopteria sp. (c).

14. Crenipecten sp. (r).

15. Modiomorpha sp. (r).

16. Bellerophon sp. (r).

17. Conularia newberryi (r).

9. Palseoneilo bedfordensis (c).

The soft yellow arenaceous sandstone (6) between the last station 

and the Mississippian ("Lower Carboniferous") limestone afforded

the following fossils: Productus cora, Camarotoachia contmcta. Both

these forms are common.

BLAND COUNTY, VA.

In Bland County collections were made in the valleys of Wolf and 

Kimberling creeks and at the 'summit of Brushy Mountain, east of 

Hicksville post-office.

Wolf and Kimberling creeks have cut their valleys into the easily 

eroded black shale (the Romney shale of the Pocahontas folio), which is 

estimated by Campbell a to have a thickness of from 400 to 600 feet. This 

shale dips sharply SE. and has the deep black color and finely laminated appearance generally characteristic of the black shale. Toward 

the top it merges into a hard, sandy, greenish-gray shale. The change 

is not abrupt, but beyond the limits of the 20 or 30 feet of passage 

beds the appearance and composition of the two formations are quite 

distinct. Campbell* regards the rocks in this region, between the 

Romnej7 shale and the base of the Pennsylvanian ("Coal Measures,") as 

a Hthologic unit, and has given them the name of Kimberling shale.

While it is difficult to separate the upper from the lower portion of 

this series on lithologic grounds, the fossils show that two distinct 

time periods are represented. The Mississippian ("Lower Carboniferous") limestone is absent here, and the transition from the Kimberling shale to the Pennsylvanian is made with such imperceptible 

changes in the appearance of the rocks that the limits of the two are 

difficult to sharply define.

Along the southeastern foot of Round Mountain a heavy bed of 

dark-gray chert, with occasional interstratified thin beds of greenish 

or yellowish sandstone lies just below the Romney shale. This is a

a Campbell, M. K., Description of Pocahontas district: Geol. Atlas U. S., folio 26, U. S. Geol. Survey, 

1896.

b Ibid.
32 CONTEIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BWu»M4.

portion of the Giles formation of Campbell. The chert bed is nearly 

everywhere hidden by the loose fragments produced by weathering, 

so that its thickness was not ascertained.

General section 1879, near Hicksville, Va.

C. Thin-bedded sandstone, i

B. Shaly sandstone. [ Kimberling shale.

A4. Shaly sandstone. J

A3. Dark-colored sandy shale, about 75 feet above A2.

A2. Black shale (Romney shale).

Al. Sandstone and chert (Giles formation).

About li miles above Hicksville, in a small ravine on Mr. Hornbarger's land, the following fossils were obtained from a few inches 

of sandstone (1379 Al) interbedded with chert.

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1379 A, near Hicksville, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Pholidops cf. arenaria (c).

2. Stropheodonta sp. (r).

3. Lepteena rhomboidalis (r).

4. Chonetes sp. nov. (r).

5. Anoplia nucleata (c).

6. Orthis sp. (r).

7. Amphigenia cf. elongata (r).

9. Spirifer cumberlandise (a).

10. S. sp. (c).

11. Amboccelia sp. (r).

12. Nucleospira sp. (r).

13. Anoplotbeca cf. dichotoma (r). 

14'. Platyostoma ventricosum (r). 

15. Tentaculites elongatus (r).

8. Ehynchonella sp. (r).

A few hundred yards east of 1379 Al, in the bed of Kimberling 

Creek, Schizobplus truncatus is common in the Romney or black shale 

(1379 A2). The same species is also found in the black shale in bank 

of creek, one-half mile south of Hicksville, Va. The drab or greenish 

sandy shale which follows the Romney shale appears to be barren of 

fossils at most localities.

About one-half mile north of Hicksville (1379 A3) a few specimens

of PalsBoneilo Irevis and Q-onmtites sp. were found just east of the ford 

and about half way up the face of the cliff. The horizon of this station 

is probably 100 feet above the top of the typical Romney shale.

On Brushy Mountain, east of Hicksville, no fossils were found above 

station 1379 A3, until within 100 feet of the summit (1379 A4), where 

a rich Chemung fauna was discovered in the Kimberling shale.

Faunule of zone 4 of section 1379 A, near the summit of Brushy Mountain, Virginia. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orbiculoidea sp. (r).

2. Chonetes scitulus (a).

3. Productella sp. (r).

4. Camarotoechia contracta (a).

5. C. sappho (r).

6. Spirifer disjunctus (c).

7. Grammysia subarcuata (c).

8. Sphenotus contractus (r).

9. Leptodesma matheri (r).

10. L. potens (a).

11. L. potens var. juvene (r).

12. Mytilarca chemungensis (c).

13. Nyassa cf. arguta (r).

14. Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis.

15. Goniophora chemungensis (r).

16. Euomphalus sp. (r).
"UTT.T.IA-MS AND 

KINDLE. ] SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA. 33

The Chenumg fauna may be found at or near the summit of Brushy 

Mountain at most localities in Bland County. About 2 miles southwest of the last station and 300 yards southeast of the summit of 

Brushy Mountain, on the Bluefield and Bland road (1379 B), the following species were found:

Faunule of section 1379 B, on Brushy Mountain, Virginia. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Productella hirsuta (c).

2. Dalmanella tenuilineata (r).

3. Camarotoechia cf. contracta (c).

4. C. duplicata (a).

5. Ambocoelia umbonata (c).

6. Grammysia subarcuata (r).

7. Edmondia cf. philipi (r).

8. Leptodesma cf. potens (r).

9. Leptodesma sp. (r).

10. Mytilarca chemungensis (c).

11. Nyassa cf. arguta (r). 

. 12. Modiomorpha subalata var. ckemungensis (r).

13. M. sp. (r).

14. Orthoceras sp. (r).

Near the top of Brushy Mountain west of Point Pleasant (1379 C) 

the following species occur:

Faunule of section 1879 (7, on Brushy Mountain, Virginia. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orbiculoidea sp. (r).

2. Chonetes setigerus (a).

3. Productella lachrymosa var. stigmata

(c).

4. Camarotechia contracta (c).

5: C. duplicata (r).

6. Spirifer disjunctus (r).

7. Grammysia cf. bisulcata (r).

8. Sphenotus sp. (r).

9. Leptodesma potens (r).

10. L. potens var. juvene (r).

11. Mytilarca regularis (r).

12. Aviculopecten sp. (r).

About li miles south of Rockygap post-office, on the BluefieldBland road, the following fossils were collected from some detached 

masses of coarse sandstone (1379 X). The stratigraphic position of 

this sandstone was not certainly ascertained, but it appears to belongto the Giles formation:

Faunule of section 1379 X, near Rockygap, Va.

1. Aspidocrinus scutelliformis (abundant).

2. Spirifer cycloptems (rare).

3. Meristella sp.

WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, W. VA.

In the vicinity of White Sulphur Springs the channel of Howards 

Creek follows approximately the axis of an anticline. The lowest beds 

exposed here are the black and gray cherts, which outcrop along the 

bank of this stream at the northwest side of the White Sulphur 

Springs Hotel grounds. From this point the dip of the beds is toward 

the southeast. From White Sulphur Springs station to Tuckahoe the
34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway crosses the strike of the beds nearly 

at right angles. The numerous cuts along this section of the road, 

together with the outcrops on the hotel grounds, afford a section from 

the black cherts nearly through the shales and sandstones of the 

Chemung. The following section includes all the outcrops observed 

on the west side of the White Sulphur Springs Hotel grounds:

Section 1880 A , on White Sulphur Springs Hotel grounds, West Virginia.

Feet.

4. Black shale ("Romney").........,...................................... 30

Concealed ; ............................................................... 30

3. Gray chert.............................................................. 25

2. Coarse sandstone ("Oriskany").......................................... 6

Concealed............................................................... 60

1. Black chert ............................................................. 50

201

The chert (1) in this section appears to be entirely barren of fossils. 

The sandstone (2) in the rear of Alabama row, White Sulphur 

Springs Hotel, contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 2 of section 1880 A, at White Sulphur Springs Hotel, West Virginia. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Crinoid plate.

2. Hipparionyx proximus (r).

3. Orthis sp. (c).

4. Dalmanella cf. planiconvexa (c).

5. Rhipidomella musculosa (a).

6. Eatonia peculiaris (c).

7. E. pumila (c).

8. Rhynchonella oblata (r).

9. Rensseleeria cf. marylandica (r).

10. R. ovoides (a).

11. Beachia cf. suessana (c).

12. Leptoccelia sp. (c).

13. Spirifer arenosus (a).

14. S. murchisoni (c).

15. S. sp. (r).

16. Meristella lata (r).

17. Platyceras cf. gebhardi (r).

18. P. ventricosum (r).

No fossils were discovered in the gray chert (3). On the hotel 

grounds, at the east end of Baltimore row, numerous specimens of 

Schizobolus truncatus were found in the black ("Romney") shale (4).

The black carbonaceous shale containing Schizdbofais truncatus 

changes gradually to a dark-gray or blackish sandy shale (Jennings), 

containing the fauna listed below, which is seen at the west end of 

tunnel, White Sulphur Springs (1380 B):

Section 1880 B, along railroad from west end of tunnel to long cut \\ miles southeast of

White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.

Feet.

7. Greenish sandstone and shale........................................... 50

6. Greenish shale ........................................................ 200

5. Shale, northwest end of cut below tool house ............................ 100

4. Green to gray shale.................................................... 140

3. Greenish shale ........................................................ 60

2. Greenish shale ........................................................ 160

1. .Sandy shale at west end of tunnel ....................................... 150
WILLIAMS A: 

' KINDLE. SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA. 35

Ftmm.de of zone 1 of section 13SO B, at west end of tunnel, White Sulphur Springs, W. Fa. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Paracardium doria (r).

2. Buchiola speciosa (a).

3. Palseoneilo brevis (r).

4. Orthoceras bebryx var. cayuga (r).

5. Parodiceras discoideum (c).

6. Goniatites sp. (c).

The beds containing this Nunda (Buchiola speciosa) fauna, are probably 150 feet thick. They are followed by 100 feet or more of soft 

greenish clay shale in which no fossils were found.

The following zones are exposed in the cuts along the railroad 

southeast of White Sulphur Springs. About 150 feet above the last 

zone the greenish shale, 1380 B2, contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 2 of section 1880 B, near White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orbiculoidea neglecta (c).

2. Leiorhynchus laura (a).

3. Delthyris mesicostalis (r).

4. Ambocoelia gregaria (a).

About 60 feet above the last zone is greenish shale containing the 

following species:

Faunule of zone 8 of section 1380 B, near White Sulphur Spring, W. Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Craniella cf. hamiltonife (r).

2. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata.« (a).

3. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

4. Productella cf. subalata (r).

5. P. sp. (r).

6. Dalmanella tioga (a)..

7. Camarotcechia sappho (c).

8. C. sp. (r).

9. Leiorhynchus laura (a).

10. Delthyris mesicostalis (c).

11. Ambocoelia gregaria (a).

12. Edmondia cf. rhomboidea (r).

13. Palseoneilo sp. (r).

14. Mytilarca chemungensis (r).

15. Actinopteria boydi (c).

16. Aviculopecten sp. (r).

17. Lyriopecten cf. tricostatus (r).

About 140 feet above 1380 B3 is a gray to greenish shale which 

contains the following fossils:

alt is important to notice that the species described by Hall iri the fourth volume of Paleontology 

of New York (1867, p. 110, pi. 19, figs. 1-5) under the name Strophodonta cayuta n. s., and afterwards 

described generally in literature under that name, was described by Conrad in 1842 (Jour. Acad. Nat. 

Sci., Philadelphia, viii, p. 257, pi. 14, fig. 10) under the name Strophomena mucronata, and referred to 

the proper fauna (Chemung) to which it belongs and cited from a typical Chemung locality, Chemung 

Narrows, in southern New York. The species described by Hall in 1867 under the name Strophodonta 

mucronata (see p. Ill, pi. 15, figs. 13,14) and cited as the same as Conrad's species'is actually distinct specifically and at least subgenerically. It belongs to the subgenus Leptostrophia of Hall and 

Clarke, and was previously correctly figured, but not described, by Vanuxem in 1842 (Geol. New York 

Kept. Third Dist., 1842, p. 174, fig. 1) under Phillip's name Strophomena interstrialis. As Phillip's species is also subgenerically distinct from it, the specific n&mednterstrialis is available in the combination Leptostrophia interstrialis Vanuxem. Phillip's species would be Douvillina inierstrialis. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis Vanuxem is abundant in the Ithaca formation, and, though it may 

occur in the Chemung, is there extremely rare. On the other hand, Stropheodonta (Douvittina) mucronata Conrad does not, so far as thorough examination has revealed, occur until the Chemung epoch, 

and is a diagnostic Chemung species. H. S. W. "
36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

Faunule of zone 4 of section 1380 B, near While Sulphur Sprinys, W. Fa.

[a, abundant; c,

1. Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Lingula cf. ligea (r).

3. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (c).

4. S. demissa (r).

5. Orthothetes cf. chemungensis (c).

6. Schizophoria striatula (r).

7. Dalmanella tioga« (c).

8. Atrypa hystrix (r)

At the northwest end of cut below tool house, near White Sulphur 

Springs, with the following faunule, was found:

Faunule of zone 5 of section 1380 S, near White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

common; r, rare.]

9. A. reticularis (a).

10. A. spinosa (a).

11. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (c).

12. Spirifer disjunctus (c).

13. Actinopteria perstrialis (r).

14. A. cf. eta (r).

15. Pterinea (Vertumnia) reversa (c).

16. Pterinopecten sp. (r).

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) muc 

nata (a).

2. Strophonella cselata (r).

3. Productellahirsuta (a).

4. Schizophoria striatula (c).

5. Leiorhynchuslaura(r).

6. Atrypa spinosa (r).

7. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

8. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

In cuts just north of tool house, probably 200 feet above -B4, 

greenish shales (B6) yielded the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 6 of section 1380 B, near White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.

9. Amboccelia gregaria (c).

10. Phthonia sp. (r).

11. Paleeoneilo bisulcata (a).

12. P. filosa (r).

13. P. plana (r).

14. Leptodesma lichas (c).

15. Lyriopecten tricostatus (r).

16. Cypricardella sp. (r).

[a, abundant; c,

1. Orbiculoidea sp. (r).

2. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (c).

3. Productella hirsuta (a).

4. Dalmanella tenuilineata (c).

5. Atrypa spinosa (c). f

6. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

7. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

8. Amboccelia gregaria (a).

9. Spathella sp. (r).

common; r, rare.]

10. Edmondia philipi (r).

11. Palseoneilo bisulcata (r).

12. P. filosa (r).

13. Macrodon cf. chemungensis (r).

14. Leptodesma complanatum (r).

15. L. lichas (r).

16. L. protextum (r).

17. Actinopteria sp. (r).

18. Aviculopecten sp. (r).

a The species described by Hall in 1843 as Orthis carinata (Geol. New York, Kept. Fourth Dist., p. 267, 

fig. 1) and the species described by the same author under the name Orthis interlineata (non-Sowerby) 

and afterwards more fully described as Orthis tioga (Pal. New York, IV, 1867, p. 59, pi. 8, figs. 20-29) 

both belong to the genus Dalmanella Hall and Clarke (Pal. New York, VIII, Pt. 1,3892, pp. 205,223), 

and do not belong to the genus Schizophoria King, to which Hall and Clarke referred it in 1892 (Pal. 

New York, VIII, Pt. I, 1892, pp. 213,226, pi. 6, fig. 22, and pp. 212,226, pi.6,figs. 17,18). Mr. Schuchert, 

in quoting the species (Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 87,1897, pp. 373,375) has evidently overlooked 

this fact. The oversight may have arisen from a confusion of the valves. The carinated valve of 

Dalmanella is the pedicle valve, while the convex valve of Schizophoria is the brachial. Examination 

of the muscular scars will at once reveal the difference in the field. The Schizophorias are common 

below the Chemung, but they are rare in the Chemung until the upper part is reached, while the 

Dalmanellas are among the first forms to appear at the incoming of the Chemung fauna, and they are 

conspicuous representatives of the Chemung fauna. H. S. W.
 WILLIAMS AND 

KINDLE. ] SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA.

Greenish sandstone arid shale (1380 B7) opposite the milepost contained the following species:

Faunule of zone 7 of section 1380 B, near White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

2. Productella lachrymosa (a).

3. Dalmanella tenuilineata (r).

4. Schizophoria striatula (c).

5. Camarotoechia contracta (c).

6. Leiorhynchua laura (r).

7. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

8. Delthyris mesicostalis (a).

Near the milepost the road crosses the axis of a syncline, so that 

beyond this point the beds reverse their dip. This makes it impossible 

to indicate with precision the stratigraphic relation of the stations 

below and those already given.

In west end of long cut (1380 B), li miles southeast of White Sulphur Springs, is the following section:

Section 1880 C, along railroad, miles southeast of White Sulphur Springs, the rods

dipping westward.

3. Loose specimens along track, 1$ miles beyond White Sulphur Springs. 

2. Dark bluish-gray sandstone at east end of long cut. 

1. Dark, sandy shales at west end of cut.

The exact relation, in thickness, of these beds to each other was not 

ascertained.- The dark sandy shales (1) are about 60 feet thick and 

dip W. 25°. They contain the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1880 C, near White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (a).

2. S. demissa (r).

3. Chonetes scitulus (a). *

4. Productella cf. spinulicosta (c).

5. Dalmanella tioga (r).

6. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (c)..

7. A try pa spinosa (r).

8. Grarnrnysia sp. (r).

9. Edmondia subovata (r).

10. E. transversa (r). -

11. Buchiola speciosa (r).

12. Palseoneilo brevis (a).

13. P. constricta (r).

14. P. fllosa(-r).

15. P. sp. (r).

16. Leda diversa (r).

17. Macrodon sp. (r).

18. Leptodesma sp. (r).

19. Mytilarca chemungensis (r).

20. Aviculopecten sp. (r).

21. Oenipecten sp. (c).

22. Pleurotomaria sp. (r).

23. Coleolus sp.

24. Goniatites sp. (r).

25. Echinocaris sp. (r).

At the east end of long cut mentioned above is a dark, bluish-gray, 

shaly sandstone (1380 C2), which yielded the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 2 of section 1380 C, near White Sulphur Springs, tY. Va. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (r).

2. S. demissa (c).

3. Chonetes scitulus (c).

4. Productella hirsuta (r).

5. Atrypa reticularis (r).

6. A. spinosa (a).

7. Spirifer disjunctus (r).

8. Sphenotus undatus (r).

9. Palseoneilo brevis (r).

10. Pterinopecten sp. (r).
38 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [uuu,:M4;

Loose specimens on the southwest side of the Chesapeake and Ohio 

Railway track, 1£ miles southeast of White Sulphur Springs, furnished 

the following species:

Faunule of zone S of section 1380 C, near White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (c).

2. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

3. Chonetes scitulus (c).

4. Productella lachrymosa (c).

5. Schizophoria striatula (r).

6. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (r).

7. Spirifer disjunctus (f).

8. Delthyris mesicostalis (c).

9. Ambocoeliagregaria (r).

10. Sphenotus sp. (r).

11. Leptodesma extenuatum (r).

12. L. naviforme (r).

13. L. potens var. juvene (r).

14. Aviculopecten sp. (r).

15. Modiomorpha quadrula (r).

16. Loxonema sp. (r).

17. Phacopsrana (r).

Between White Sulphur Springs and Caldwell the following material 

was obtained:

Faunule of section 1380 D, three-fourths of a mile west of White Sulphur Springs.

1. Buchiola speciosa (abundant).

2. Plethospira socialis (abundant).

Faunule of section 1380 E, at side of wagon road, 1J miles west of White Sulphur Springs.

1. Buchiola speciosa (common).

2. Panenkasp. (rare).

3. Styliola fissurella (abundant).

Faunule of section 1880 F, one-half mile east of Howard station. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis var. arctostriatus (a).

2. Chonetes scitulus (a).

3. Camarotcechia cf. contracta (r).

4. Spirifer disjunctus (r).

5. Leptodesma rogersi (c).

The higher members of the series, which follow the fossiliferous

beds of 1380 E, appear to be entirely barren of fossils. The red, green, 

and black shales, which constitute these higher beds, are well exposed 

near Caldwell, W. Va., station 1381 A.

CALDWELL, GREENBRIER COUNTY, W. VA.

The following section was noted in the cut just east of Caldwell:

Section 1381 A, east of Caldwell, W. Va.

Ft. in.

9. Alternating green and reddish shale.................................... 40 0

8. Blue to black or green shale ........................................... 0-4 0

7. Greenish shale ................................................... 4 to 10 0

6. Sandstone............................................................ 6 0

5. Soft greenish-blue shale............................................... 1 6

4. Hard green shale'.-....................... ^.......1.................... 9 0

3. Blue to black banded shale............................................ 5 0

2. Bluish-green clay, with iron concretions................................ 7 0

1. Gray to bluish heavy-bedded sandstone................................ 1 6
DJ SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA. 89

The westerly dip of these varigated shales carries them below the 

level of the railroad about a mile and a half west of Caldwell, and the 

Mississippian ("Lower Carboniferous") limestone appears above 

them.

COVINGTON, ALLEGHANY COUNTY, VA.

The time spent at Covington was devoted mainly to collecting from 

the beds of the following section:

Section 1888 B, one-half mile southeast of tlie blast furnace on the north bank of Jackson

River.

Feet.

4. Black carbonaceous shale (Rornney)..................................... 30

3. Greenish-gray shale.................................................... 15

2. Coarse sandstone ("Oriskany")........................................ 3-6

1. Limestone (Lewistown)................................................ 15-25

 The limestone cliff (1) on river bank, one-half mile below iron furnace, Covington, Va., contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 1 of section 1882 B, near Covington, Va, 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Chsetetes sp. (c).

2. Crinoid stem (r).

3. Lichenalia sp. (c),

.4. Stropheodonta sp. (r).

5. Leptoena rhomboidalis (a).

6. Orthis sp. (r).

7. Rhipidomella oblata (c).

8. Gypidula pseudogaleata (r)-

9. Uncinulus niutabilis (c).

10. U. nobilis (r).

11. Eatoniapeculiaris (c).

12. Rhynchonella sulciplicata (r).

13. Rensseleeria sequiradiata (r).

14. Spirifer concinnus (a).

15. S. murchisoni (c).

16. Trernatospira niultistriata (r).

17. Meristella subquadrata (c).

18. Aviculasp. (r).

19. Platyceras robustum (r).

20. Platypstoma ventricosum (?) (r).

The coarse sandstone (2) contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 2 of section 1882 B, near Covington, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common.]

1. Dalrnanellaplaniconvexa (r).

2. Rhipidomella musculosa (r).

3. R. cf. oblata (r).

5. Spirifer cf. arenosus (r).

6. Spirifer murchisoni (c).

7. Meristella lata. (r).

4. Rensselferia ovoides (a). 

The greenish shale (3) yielded the following forms:

Faunule of zone 8 of section 1382 B, near Covington, Va. 

[c, common; r, rare].

1. Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Schizophoria cf. striatula (r).

3. Atrypa spinosa (r).

4. Ambocoelia umbonata (c).

5. Bellerophon sp. (r).

6. Pleurotomaria sp. (r).

7. Conularia sp. (r).

8. Phacops raha (c).
40 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY.

From the black shale (4), 25 to 30 feet above the Oriskany, the following species were collected:

Faunule of zone 4 of section 1382 B, near Covington, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Strophalosia truncata (r).

2. Orthothetes chemungensis var. arctostriatus (c).

3. Leiorhynchus limitare (a).

4. Nucleospira cf. concinna (c).

5. Anoplotheca acutiplicata (c).

6. Buchiola speciosa (a).

7. Clinopistha cf. antiqua (r).

8. Nucula corbuliformis (c).

9. N. cf. lirata (r). 

10. Nuculites triqueter (r).

The black shale (5), about 50 feet above the Oriskany, yielded the 

following forms:

Faunule of zone 5 of section 1882 B, near Covington, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

11. Leptodesma sociale (r).

12. L. sp. (r).

13. Actinopteria sp. (r).

14. Pleurotomaria sp. (r).

15. Styliola fissurella (a).

16. Tentaculites gracilistriatus (a).

17. Coleolus tenuicinctus (c).

18. Hyolithes aclis (c).

19. Agoniatites vanuxemi (r).

20. Parodiceras discoideum (r).

1. Orbiculoidea cf. lodiensis var. media (r).

2. Anoplotheca acutiplicata (c).

3. Panenka (?) sp. (r).

4. Styliola fissurella (a).

5. Tentaculites gracilistriatus (a).

About one-half mile north of Covington, at the side of the wagon 

road, just opposite the blast furnace (1382 A), the limestone (1) of the 

section given above is again well exposed to a thickness of about 65 

feet. The following species were obtained:

Faunule of section 1382 A, near Covington, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1.-Lichenaliacf. torta (c).

2. Stropheodonta cf. beckii (c).

3. Orthothetes woolworthanus (r).

4. Uncinulus mutabilis (c).

5. Rensselseria sequiradiata (c).

6. Cyrtina rostrata (r).

7. Spirifer concinnus (a).

8. S. cf. cyclqpterus (r).

9. Avicula cf. comnmnis (r).

10. Diaphorostorna ventricosuni (r).

West of Covington fossils were collected from the dark sandy shales 

which lie above the typical black shale at the following stations: 1382 

C, west bank of Jackson River, one-fourth mile south of Chesapeake 

and Ohio Railway bridge at Covington, and 1382 D, hard, bluish-green 

shale, one-fourth mile west of Covington, on roadside. This is a 

somewhat higher horizon than 1382 C. The faunules obtained from 

these outcrops (Jennings) are as follows:

Faunule of section 1882 C, near Covington, Va.

1. Paracardium doris (a).

2. Coleolus sp. (c).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

3. Hyolithes sp. (r).

4. Goniatites sp. (r).
WIJ.UAMS AND"] 

KINDLE. ] SECTIONS IN VIKGINIA AND WEST VIKGINIA. 41

Faunule of section 1882 D, near Covington, Va. 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Paracardium doris (c).

2. Buchiola speciosa (c).

3. Nucula corbuliformis (c).

4. Palseoneilo sp. (r).

5. Pterochajnia fragile (c).

6. Goniatites sp. (r).

HOT SPRINGS, BATH COUNTY, VA.

Hot Springs is about 25 miles north of Covington. Immediately 

northwest of the springs the Paleozoic beds, from the Devonian black 

shale to the Cambrian, have been tilted until they stand almost vertical. The "black shale" is not all black, some of the lower beds 

being a pure creamy white in color. A bed of very hard cherty sandstone, 50 or 60 feet in thickness, lies at the base of the black shale. 

This formation, which stands vertical here, resists weathering more 

effectively than those on either side, and resembles the ruins of a massive wall running up the side of the mountain.

All of the fossils collected at Hot Springs are from the beds above 

the sandy chert exposed along the railroad northwest of Hot Springs.

The section at Hot Springs northwest of the springs, along the 

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, is as follows:

'Section 1883 A, at Hot Springs, Va.

Foot.

9. Dark greenish to drab-colored shale, just below section house, about If miles

below Hot Springs, ...............^................................... 25

8. Dull bluish-gray shales................................................. 30

7. Tough sandy black shale, below automatic switch No. 1.................. 60

Concealed............................................................. 150

6. Ash-colored shale...................................................... 10

5. Black and gray shales alternating....................................... 40

Concealed..i........................................................... 60

4. Ash-colored shale...................................................... 50

Concealed....................................................... ...... 60

3. White or cream-colored clay shale...................................... 9

2. Black shale (Romney)................................................. 10

1. Hard cherty sandstone (''Oriskany ")................................... 50-60

The following lists show the faunal associations disclosed in the 

several zones of this section (Romney-Jennings):

Faunule of zone 2 of section 1888 A, at Hot Springs, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orbiculoidea doria (c).

2. Chonetes cf. coronatus (r).

3. Anoplotheca cf. acutiplicata (a).

4. Styliola fissurella (c).

Faunule of zone 3 of section 13S3 A, at Hot Springs, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Crinoid stem (r).

2. Orbiculoidea doria (r).

3. Pholidops sp. (c).

4. Anopliasp. (c).

5. Bellerophon leda (r).

6. Styliola fissurella (a).

7. Coleolus sp. (r).

8. Goniatites sp. (r).

9. Ostracods (c).
CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

Faunule of zone 4 of section 1883 A, at Hot Springs, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes. chetuurigensis var. arctostriatus '(a).

Chonetes cf. setigerns (r). 

Leiorhynchus limitare (a). 

Anoplotheca sp. (c).

5. Buchiola speciosa (a).

6. Actinopteria epsilon (r).

7. Styliola fissurella (a).

8. Tentaculites gracilistriatus (a).

9. Goniatites sp. (r).

Faunule of zone 5 of section 1383 A, at. Hot Springs, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

Tropidoleptus carinatus (r). 

Anoplotheca sp. (r).

3. Ambocoelia timbonata (a).

4. Actinopteria sp. (c).

Faunule of zone 6 of section 1.383 A, at Hot Springs, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

Zaphrentis sp. (r).

Chonetes setigerus (r).

Leiorhynchus cf. laura (r).

Ambocoelia umbonata (r).

Buchiola speciosa (c).

Nucula lirata (c).

Pterocheeniacf. fragile (large var.) (r).

8. Actinopteria epsilou (c).

9. Styliola fissurella (a).

1.0. Tentaculites gracilistriatus (a).

11. Coleolus tenuicinctus (r).

12. C. sp. (r).

13. Parodiceras discoideuin (c).

Faunule of zone 7 of section 1383 A, at Hot Springs, Va.

[c, common; r, rare.]

Paracardiuin doris (c). 

Pararca transversa (r).

3. Nucula sp. (r).

4. Orthoceras sp. (r).

Faunule of zone 8 of section 1383 A, at Hot Springs, Va.

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

Buchiola speciosa (c). 

Palseoneilo conetricta (r). 

Pterochsenia fragile (a).

4. Coleolus acicula (r).

5. Orthoceras sp. (r).

Faunule of zone 9 of section 1383 A, at Hot Springs, Va.

Pararca transversa (rare). 

Panenka sp. (rare).

3. Pterochtenia fragile (rare).

CLIFTON FORGE, ALLEGHANY COUNTY, VA.

The following- section is exposed near the Chesapeake and Ohio 

Railway bridge just west of Clifton Forge:

Section 1384 A, near Clifton Forge, Va.

Feet.

3. Ash-colored shale........................................................ 125

2. Soft coarse brown sandstone ("Oriskany") ............................... 15

1. Hard blue limestone with chert bands in lower layers...................... 80

Total. 220
WILUAMS A! 

KINDLE. SECTIONS IN VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA. 43

|The coarse sandstone ("Oriskany") one-half mile west of Clifton 

Forge contains the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 2 of section 1384- A, one-half mile west of Clifton Forge, Va. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta sp. (r).

2. Leptsena rhomboiddia (r).

3. Rhipidornella cf. cumberlandio) (r).

4. B. musculosa (r).

5. Eatonia peculiaris (r).

6. Rensselseria cumberlandise (r).

7. R. ovoides (a).

8. Cyrtina rostrata (r).

9. Spirifer cf. arenosus (r).

10. S. inurchisoni (c).

11. Anoplotheca cf. flabellites (r).

No collecting was done in the beds above or below this sandstone.

Hicksville, Va. 

1379 C

"Big Moccasin Gap, Va. 

1377 A

1379 A

.Bigstone Gap, Va. 

1376 B

1376 A 3

3 s| l

1379 B

Grainger 

shale

Interval

Chattanooga black shale

Hancock limestone

FIG. 3. Sections in Virginia and West Virginia.
44 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

COMMENTS ON SECTIONS.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

The facts here presented are chiefly valuable for the statistics themselves, viz, the detailed analysis of a number of local f aunules. A word 

may be added, however, to indicate the bearing of these statistics upon 

the general problems of correlation, and upon the determination of "the 

particular horizon to which each fauna should be assigned.

On the ordinary basis of correlation (i. e., the presence of species 

which have heretofore been recorded from some definite geological 

horizon) it is easy to indicate the general position of the several zones 

in the geological column. This general classification is indicated by the 

lettering of the separate parts of the sections which are arranged 

in approximately parallel order. (See sections, pp. 16, 28, 43.)

In this arrangement the capital letters O, S, R, D, and C are employed, 

with the following meaning: O indicates Ordovician; S indicates Silurian, not later than Niagara in age; R, the formation containing the 

Rensselseria fauna, called Giles formation in the Pocohontas folio, Hancock formation in the Estillville folio, the upper sandy portion of it 

being called Monterey sandstone on several of the Virginia and West 

Virginia sheets; D is used to indicate the Devonian formations as low as 

the Jeffersonville limestone of the Indiana survey; -C indicates formations in which Carboniferous faunas are recognized. 

- On the east side of the Cincinnati arch there appears to be an unconformity at the base of the black shale. West of it (in Indiana, Tennessee, southern Illinois, and Arkansas) a limestone occasionally occurs 

confonnably below the black shale. This limestone has a fauna which 

appears in the New York Onondaga limestone, and sometimes it contains traces of the Tropidoleptus fauna of the Hamilton formation of 

New York. Where this limestone occurs the unconformity appears 

below it.

There is considerable irregularity in the age of the formation 

immediately underlying the unconformity. In most of the western 

Kentucky and Indiana sections the underlying formation is Silurian 

and carries a Niagara fauna, but in some of the Kentucky sections, 

as well as in northern Arkansas, the highest formation below the 

unconformity is Ordovician. In the more eastern sections in Virginia 

and West Virginia the Rensselaeria fauna is found in some of the 

uppermost Silurian formations immediately below the black shale. 

In western Tennessee, and also westward beyond Arkansas in Indian 

Territory,® traces of the Rensselssria fauna also appear.

It has not been definitely proved that there is an unconformity 

below the formation containing the Rensselseria fauna, but in both

a Girty, G. H., Preliminary report on Paleozoic invertebrate fossils from the region of the McAlester. 

coal fields, Indian.Territory: Nineteenth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol, Survey, pt. 3,1899.
WILLIAMS AND~1 

KINDLE. ] CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. 45

cases the faunal evidence suggests this interpretation. More evidence 

will be required before safe generalizations can be drawn as to the 

sequence of faunas in this part of the area.

CORRELATIONS.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

The limestone and the terminal Silurian sandstone of the Estillville 

folio are undoubtedly the constituent parts of the " Hancock limestone " of that folio. The Hancock limestone is described as thinning 

out to the southeast, and in the correlation given by Campbell, it is 

the equivalent of the Meniscus limestone of Safford and of the Oriskany and Lower Helderberg of Stevenson. a

The Giles formation of the Pocohontas quadrangle is correlated with 

the Lower Helderberg and Oriskany by Mr. Campbell. 6 In northern and central Virginia the Lewistown limestone, including the chert 

lentil, is correlated with the Lower Helderberg, Salina, and Niagara, 

and the Monterey sandstone is correlated with the Oriskany. 0

Mr. Darton describes the underground erosion of the Lewistown 

limestone as follows:

The limestones are cavernous and many extensive caves have been discovered. 

One of them, the Blowing Cave, is in a small anticline traversed by Cowpasture 

River, 6 miles west of Panther Gap. * * * Springs, sinks, and other evidences of 

underground drainage are of general occurrence in the limestone area.

In this region the thickness of the Lewistown limestone varies from 

550 to 1,080 feet, and that of the Monterey sandstone from 50 to 200 

feet.

It will be noticed also that the black shale caps the series in all the 

sections described in all this part of the Appalachian province.

In Maryland the lower member is called Helderberg and varies from 

750 to 900 feet in thickness, followed by black chert lentils. The 

next formation is the Oriskany, 325 to 350 feet thick, which is capped 

by the black shales of the Romney formation/

These definitions are consistent with the following generalization: 

Upon a more or less pure limestone terrane of varying thickness (the 

Hancock, Lewistown, Helderberg) was deposited a cherty limestone 

which becomes sandy and ends in coarse sandstone, occasionally 

described as conglomerate; above these are the cherty lentils of the 

.limestone (Giles formation or Monterey sandstone); above these is the 

base of the extensive Devonian black shale (Chattanooga, Romney).

In most cases there is more or less distinct evidence of underground 

solution of the limestone underlying the black shale. From a formaaGeol. Atlas U.S., folio 12.

b Campbell, Geol. Atlas U. S.. folio 26.

o Darton, Geol. Atlas U.-S., folio 61.

d Clark, W. B., Maryland Geol. Survey, Allegany County, 1900.

Bull. 244 05 4
46 CONTEIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

tional point of view the evidence favors the hypothesis that the waters 

which produced the erosion entered through the outcrops of the porous 

sandstone zone, and, percolating downward, took out the calcareous 

portion of the rocks unevenly, the sandstones settling as erosion proceeded; the amount of erosion being determined, partly at least, by 

the arenaceous admixture with the limestone. The irregular thickness 

was probably determined by the local position of the rocks relative to 

flowage of water through them.

In the more southern exposures erosion has been greater than in 

Maryland, northern Virginia, and West Virginia. The association of 

the iron ores with the sandstone portion of the formation may also be 

accounted for by the in wash of ferruginous waters into the cavernous 

interior from the-surface, after the underground erosion had taken 

place. This interpretation is further borne out by the paleontological" 

evidence.

THE RENSSEiLJERIA FAUNA.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

In the following table the species from each of the zones immediately underlying the black shale are tabulated. Twelve faunules are 

listed, and they are arranged approximately in their order from south 

to north. They are listed together on account of their evident fauna! 

association, and because they are not separable on formational lines; 

that is, species which in the more northern sections are strictly associated with the calcareous and lower members of the series are, in the 

southern sections, included in the sandy beds. They may have been 

arenaceous beds which originally were calcareous sandstone, out of 

which the calcareous material has been leached by percolating waters 

after the edges of the beds were exposed to the surface drainage. The 

fauna is called in this paper the Rensselaeria fauna, and includes 

species which have been referred to the Lower Helderberg and 

O.riskany formations as they were originally defined in the New York 

reports.

The Bensselasria fauna of the Appalachians.

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare; L, Lower Helderberg; 0, Oriskany.]

7. AulonorasD ............

Sections.

1376.

Al. A2.

r

B2.

r

r

C. E.

1379.

Al. X.

1380.

A2.

1382.

Bl. B2.

1384.

Al. A2.

Range in 

New 

York formations.
WILLIAMS A] 

KINDLE. KENSSEL^BETA FAUNA OF THE APPALACHIANS. 47

The Renssdxria fauna of the Appalachians Continued. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare; L, Lower Helderberg; 0, Oriskany.]

9. Aspidocrinus scutelli18. S.lincklseni.............

21. S.sp. ....................

22. Strophonella cavum23. Leptsena rhomboidalis . 

24. Orthothetes woolworth25. Hipparionyx proximus.

29. Dalmanella planiconVGXfl,

30. Rhipidomella cumber33. Gypidulapsendogaleata 

34. Amphigeniacf. elongata 

35. Rhynchotrema formo36. Camarotcechla ventrinrtqn

37. Uncinulus camp be 11-

39. U.nobilis...............

42. Khynchonella acutipli44. R.oblata. ...............

47. Rensselseria sequiradiata........ ..........

49. R. cf. marvlandica .....

Sections.

1376.

Al.

r 

c

r

r

A2.

r 

c

r

c

a

B2.

r

Q

C

a 

c

a 

r

a

C.

r

r 

c

c

E.

c

1379.

Al. X.

1380.

A2.

c

c

r

1382.

Bl.

c

r

r

c

c

r'

B2.

r

r

1384.

Al.

Q

C

A2.

r

r 

r

r

Range in 

New 

York forniutions.

L

L

0 

0

0 

0 

L

L

L 

0

0

0 

0 

L

L

L 

L

L 

L 

L

0 ,

L 

L 

0 

L

L 

O 

0
48 CONTKIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

The Rensselaeria fauna of the Appalachians Continued, 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare; L, Lower Helderberg; O, Oriskany.]

57. Spirif er arenosus .......

62. S. (Delthyris) cf. per63. S.sp.... .........'.......

66. Trematospira multi68. Anoplotheca cf. dicho69. A. cf. flabellites ........

71. M. lata .................

79 M lavpiQ

74 M Er»

76. Cyrtolites (?) expansus. 

77. Loxonemasp... '........

79. Platyceras cf. gebhardi.

82. P.sp.........:..........

83. Diaphorostoma ventri84. Tentaculites elongatus.

oc rp cri

87. P.sp....................

SQ T^lior*nT»<l ff friatotfl

91. Dalmanitescf.anchiops.

Sections.

1376.

Al.

 r

c

r

A2.

c

a

c

r

B2.

c

a

c

C.

c

E.

c

1379.

Al. X.

1380.

A2.

a

»

c

c

r

1382.

Bl.

C

r

r

B2.

C

1884.

Al.

r

.....

r

A2.

a

r

r

c

r

Range in 

New 

York formations.

L 

0

0

L 

0 

0 

L 

0

0 

L

0

L

0 

0 

L 

0

L

L 

0

L

L 

L

L

0 

L 

0 

0
WILLIAMS AND 

KINDLE. ] EENSSEL^EIA AND BLOCK SHALE FAUNAS. 49

It will be observed by reference to the descriptive part of this paper 

that the zones 1376 A2,1376 B2,1379 Al, 1379 X, 1380 A2, 1382 B2, 

1384 A2 are at present sandstone, often coarse-grained; the other 

zones are more or less calcareous.

The species which are peculiar to the Oriskany in New York are 

generally confined to the sandstone, but this is not always the case, nor 

are peculiar Helderbergian fossils restricted to the calcareous beds. In 

the New York sections Aspidocrinus appears in the " Shaly limestone" 

or " Scutella limestone" of the early reports, while in both sections in 

which it occurs in Virginia (Bigstone Gap 1376 B2 and Rocky Gap 

1379 X) it is found in sandy beds. At Rocky Gap (1379 X) it occurs in 

a coarse sandstone similar to the typical Oriskany of New York.

It is evident that the subdivisions of the Rensselasria fauna, which in 

the northern Appalachian region have determined the division of the 

strata into numerous separate formations, are not universal. Future 

investigations probably will show that the composition of the local 

faunules is determined rather by environmental conditions recorded 

by the differing characters of the sediments than by actual epochs in 

their history.

THE BLACK SHALE AND ITS FAUNA.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

It will be noted that while the New Albany shale reaches a thickness of 100 feet in Indiana, it thins out and is often not represented 

along the axis of the Cincinnati-Nashville arch. On the eastern side 

of this arch it thickens again eastward, and along the Appalachian 

channel is very thick. The "Chattanooga" shale attains a thickness of several hundred feet, and runs up into coarser and more 

irregular beds, known as the Grainger shale in southern, and as the 

Romney shale in northern, Virginia and West Virginia. The fauna of 

the pure black shale is very meager in both species and specimens.

At Louisville (1357 A3) the black shale contains Lingula spatulata 

and Schizobolus concentricus. Northeast of Brooks, Ky. (1365 A3), it 

holds Leiorhynchusquad/ricostatwn, Chonetes scitulus,Lingula spatulata, 

and a small Pleurotomaria. In the Bigstone Gap region (1376 B3) it 

contains Schizobolus concentricus and Lingula ligea. In Bland County, 

Va., along Kimberling Creek (1379 A2), Schizobolus truncatus appears 

in rocks which are there classified as Romney shales, but which are only 

a few feet above the base of the Giles formation, which contains the 

Oriskany type of the Rensselseria fauna. The same species occurs 

in a similar black shale one-half mile north of Hicksville, Va., and 

is characteristic of the black shales of the White Sulphur Springs 

section (1380 A4).
50 CONTEIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.-244.

If the list of species is taken as. a whole it becomes evident that the 

fauna is the one represented in the Genesee shales of New York. This 

interpretation would appear to be confirmed by the faunule (1367 A) 

at Huber, Bullitt County, Ky., in.which Reticularia fanbriata, Athyris 

spiriferoides, and Tropidoleptus occur in the limestone directly under 

the black shale. The reported range of the fauna as given in Schuchert's list of brachiopods is as follows:

Range of black shale species. 

Lingula spatulata.......................................... .Genesee-Portage.

L. ligea ....................................................Hamilton-Portage.

Schizobolus concentricus ....................................Genesee.

Chonetes scitulus ............'.............................. .Marcel! us-Chemung.

Leiorhynchus quadricostatuni ............................... Genesee.

And a Pleurotomaria sp.-

The sequence of faunas at Hot Springs, Bath County, Va., presents 

another view of'the case. There (1383 A) both Anoplia and Anoplotheca occur in the black shales, which are over 100 feet thick and 

lie below the zone (A5) which contains Tropidoleptus carinatus; and 

no species of either of those two genera is listed higher than the 

Onondaga (Corniferous) limestone. There is thus evidence that at 

Hot Springs the black shale sedimentation occurred as low as the 

Onondaga formation. Such a conclusion is confirmed by the presence 

in the faunule 1383 A 4, of Leiorhynchus limitare and Tentaculites 

gracilistriatus (both regarded as confined to the Marcellus shale of 

New York) and Anoplotheca. This conclusion is also supported by 

the composition of the faunule of zone 1382 B4, a typical black shale 

within 30 feet of the top of the Rensselasria fauna, in which are found 

Anoplotheca acutiplicata (listed as an Onondaga (Corniferous) species) 

with Leiorhynchus limitare and Agoniatites vanuxemi, both listed as 

Marcellus species. Such facts indicate that the black shale was 

deposited in a thick mass in the Appalachian trough before the fauna 

of the Onondaga (Corniferous) formation was extinct.

As the sections are followed upward, the shales become coarse and 

flaggy and contain faunas which in New York occupy the formations 

from Onondaga upward to Chemung. The formations holding similar 

faunas in western Kentucky and Indiana, west of the Cincinnati arch, 

are calcareous at the base.

The fauna of the Sellarsburg beds contains traces at least of the 

fauna of the Hamilton formation of New York State, and thus furnishes reason for classifjdng the black shales of that region with the 

Genesee of New York.
W1IKiNDLEAND ] CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. 51

THE BUCHIOLA SPECIOSA FAUNA.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

Another argument for the belief that in the regions here discussed 

the black shales range from as low as the Onondaga to and beyond the 

base of the Carboniferous, is found in the distribution among them of 

forms which in New York State are listed as Nunda (Portage) species.

Take, for instance, the faunules containing Buchiola speciosa. They 

appear in black, shaly sediments and in the coarser shales following 

them in the middle Appalachian region. But a glance at the faunule 

lists shows that they belong to a general fauna which in New York is 

sometimes seen in one or other of the Marcellus, Genesee, and Nunda" 

formations, and only in insignificant proportions in any of the other 

formations, occupjnng the part of the column between the Marcellus 

to the Chemung.

'For some of the species the range is lower or higher than these 

limits. From both the association in the faunules, and the absence of 

common genera of other formations of this part of the Devonian, it is 

fair to infer that Buchiola, speciosa, Pterochadnia fragile, Paracardium 

doris, Parodiceras discoidewn, Styliolafissurella, Tentaculites gracilistrialus, and some other associated species, constitute a fauna which 

persisted for a considerable portion of middle Devonian time, represented in the New York sections by the formations from Marcellus 

to Nunda, inclusive.

The following table exhibits the association of the species of the 

Buchiola speciosa fauna in the Virginia faunules and their reported 

range in the formations of New York:

The Buchiola speciosa fauna represented in the Virginia sections and its reported range in

the New York formations.

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare; C, Chemung; G, Genesee; H, Hamilton; I, Ithaca; M, Marcellus; 

0, Onondaga; N, Nunda; W, Waverly.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis var.

Section.

1380.

Bl.

a 

aS

Dl.

a

36 fO

El.

a 

otno

1382.

B4.

a

te o

Cl.

i PDl.

c 

36.

1383. '

A4.

a

AC:

r

r

c

A7. A8.

c

A9.

Range in New 

York formations.

H.

M, W. 

H, N, I. 

M, H. 

M. 

M, C. 

0,H. 

0. 

0. 

N. 

H, G, N.
52 CONTRIBUTIONS. TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY, [BULL.244.

The Suchiola spedosa fauna represented in the Virginia sections and its reported range in 

the Neio. York formations Continued.

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare; C, Chemung; G, Genesee; H, Hamilton; I, Ithaca; M, Marcellus; 

0, Onondaga; N, Nunda, W, Waverly.]

15. N.cf.lirata..... ...................

23. Styliola fissurella.\ . ...............

Section.

1380.

Bl.

Q

Dl. El.

a

1382.

B4.

r

a 

C. D.

1383.

A4.

a 

a 

r

A6.

a 

a

A7. A8.

c

A9.

r 

r

r

Range in New 

York formations.

C.

H, C. 

H.

M, H.

11, N, C. 

C. 

M, H, G, N, C. 

C.

M,G. 

M. 

G. 

H. 

H. 

C. 

M. 

 H.

The association of the several species of the Virginia faunules indicates the homeotopic relationship of the faunules, and leaves little 

room for doubt that no one. of the species can be regarded as universally diagnostic of any particular zone of the middle Devonian, but 

for purposes of correlation indicates only some portion of the wide 

range of time expressed by the series of formations named.

THE FATJNTTLES, THEIR RANGE AND ENVIRONMENT.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

An examination of the separate faunules brings out their relationship to each other, and also the relation between the faunal contents 

and the purity of the black-shale sediments.

In the lower part of these black shales of Virginia and West Virginia their normal fauna is present, as is shown in the faunules 1376 

B3,1379 A2,1380 A4,1382 B4 and B5,1383 A2 and A3, which contain 

the following species:

Lingula ligea. S. truncatus. 

Schizobolus concentricus. Ghonetes scitulus.

These species occur in the southern sections, where the fine-grained 

black shale rests immediately upon the limestones. The shales are 

the typical Chattanooga shales.
WILLIAMS AND") 

KINDLE. J BUCHIOLA SPECIOSA FAUNA. 53

The black shale at Hot Springs, Va., contains the following species: 

Faunule of black shale of Hot Springs, Va.

1. Orbiculoidea doria.

2. Chonetes cf. coronatus.

3. Anoplotheca cf. acutiplicata.

4. Styliola fissurella.

This follows the hard cherty sandstones which stratigraphically 

represent the Oriskany.

The section at Covington presents 15 feet of gray shale between the 

top of the sandstone (Oriskany) and the black shale (1382 B4). The 

black shale (1382 B4 and B5) contains the following species:

Faunule of black shale at Covington, Va, 

[a, abundant; c, common.]

1. Orbiculoidea lodiensis var. media.

2. Orthothetes chernungensis var. arctostriatus.

3. Leiorhynchus liinitare (a).

4. Nucleospira concinna.

5. Anoplotheca acutiplicata (c).

6. Clinopistha antiqua.

7. Buchiola speciosa (a).

8. Nucula corbuliformis.

9. N. cf. lirata.

10. Nuculites triqueter.

11. Leptodesma sociale.

12. Actinopteria epsilon.

13. Styliola flssurella.

14. Tentaculites gracilistriatus.

15. Coleolua tenuicinctus.

16. Hyolithes aclis.

17. Agoniatites vanuxemi.

This fauna presents a combination of species not generally found in 

the New York formations, where the Marcellus, Genesee, and Nuuda 

formations carry fairly distinct faunas. The dominant characteristics 

of the fauna are its Pteropods and Buchiola speciosa. Although it 

carries Leiorhynchus Umitare in abundance, Buchiola speciosa is also 

abundant.

There are a few other zones holding evidently the same fauna, which 

lie higher up in the black shales of the more northern sections. I 

will select these on the basis of presence of Buchiola speciosa, either 

common or abundant. (See the chart, p. 5.)

1380 Bl adds the following species to the list above:

1. Paracardium doris.

2. Palseoneilo brevis.

3. Orthoceras bebryx var. cayuga.

4. Parodiceras discoideum.

1380 Dl adds Plethospira socialis and an unidentified Loxonema. 

1380 El adds nothing.

1382 Dl adds Pterochsenia fragile and G-oniatites.

1383 A4 adds Chonetes setigerus. 

1383 A6 adds the following species:

A small Zaphrentis. 

Leiorhynchus cf. laura. 

Ambocoelia umbonata.

Goleolus sp. 

Parodiceras discoideum.

1383 A8 adds Palaeoneilo constricta and Coleolus acicula.
54 . CONTKIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY, [BULL. 244.

None of these species are abnormal to the fauna. The association 

of species is characteristic of the Nunda formation" of New York, but 

there are a few species from a lower horizon.

In the Virginia section the fauna occupies the zone of coarse shales 

succeeding the pure, fine, smooth black shales, and from its stratigraphic position represents the fauna of the Nunda formation of New 

York. The rocks belong to the Romney and Jennings formations.

The sequence of sedimentation is regular, and there is a gradual 

change from-pure, fine-grained black shale up to coarser and more 

arenaceous shale. These conditions are characteristic of the Grainger 

shales in which occur the Bucliiola speciosa fauna.

Except for the greenish shale, 15 feet thick, of the Covington section, there is scarcely a trace of the faunas characteristic of the richly 

fossiliferous Onondaga (Corniferous) and Hamilton formations of 

New York, and it is evident from the fauna that follows that its 

horizon is not lower than the Nunda of New York. The greenish 

shale (1382 B3) underlying the black shale with this fauna in the Covington section contains a distinct fauna which is as follows:

1. Schizophoria sp.

2. Atrypa spinosa.

Faunule of greenish shale at Covington, Va.

3. Ambocoelia uuibonata.

4. Phacops rana.

These species are indicative of a fauna ordinarily lower than the 

Nunda formation. 65 But the association of species alone, with the 

knowledge we now have of the range of the species of the Hamilton 

formation of New York, does not fix the age-of this faunule with precision, since it is known to recur above the Ithaca fauna, and after 

species characteristic of the Chemung have appeared. Thus the f aunal 

analysis indicates, not a regular succession of diverse faunas, but an 

interrupted succession of several faunas, each of which is recognized 

in the normal New York series, but the observed order of which does 

not strictly correspond with that characteristic of the standard New 

York sections.

It becomes necessary then to suppose interruption and replacement 

of faunas and a recurrence of early faunas at horizons above their 

(supposed) normal positions. This state of things has been elaborated 

in the study of the New York Devonian, but the detailed facts regarding these middle and southern Appalachian faunas is not sufficiently 

well known to make an exact correlation with the former possible at 

the present time.

a See footnote on p. 86.

B] CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. 55

THE UPPER DEVONIAN. FAUNAS OF THE MIDDLE 

APPA JJACHIANS.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

In order to exhibit the relation of the Upper Devonian faunas in this 

region to what goes before, it is sufficient to begin with the typical 

black shales and to consider in connection with them the faunules up 

to the first appearance of Carboniferous forms.

In the accompanying chart, representing the range of the species of 

the upper Devonian faunas for the Virginia and West Virginia region, 

the fauna of the black shale is tabulated in biological order with the 

species which follow it, so as to exhibit the changes in the bionic relations of the successive faunas and their replacement by new species 

of each of the genera which pass upward.

DISCUSSION OF THE CHART.

In the chart heavy lines separate the several continuous sections, 

which are represented by the numbers at the top. The local section 

is indicated by a capital letter; the particular zone of the section in 

which the faunule occurs is shown by the figure following the capital 

letter.

The bionic value of the species recorded for each faunule is indicated by the letters used in marking its presence, viz, r rare, a 

abundant, c=common, and o indicates that a representative of the 

genus occurs, the specific relation of which is indeterminate from the 

specimens in hand. The species are grouped so as to express their 

biological affinities, except under each genus the species are recorded 

in alphabetical order. The known range value of the species is indicated by the capital letters in the column at. the extreme right. 0= 

Onondaga, M Marcellus, H=Hamilton, G = Genesee, N=Nunda, a 

I=Ithaca, C Chemung, W = Waverly.

The chart shows the faunal combinations and vertical range of 

species, as far as they can be determined from the collections at hand. 

These data are still too imperfect to serve as a basis for a conclusive 

judgment concerning the local peculiarities of the range and distribution of the species, but they suggest points toward which future investigation may be directed.

In all the sections studied the fauna of the Hamilton formation of 

New York is conspicuous for its meagerness or total absence. In the 

more southern sections the fauna of the New York Chemung is likewise scant or absent.

Some, if not all, of the species from the Hamilton fauna recur 

above the Hamilton formation in the typical New York sections.

« See footnote on p. 80.
56 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

Other Hamilton species appear as low as the Marcellus; and, as has 

already been stated, there is evidence of a common fauna tying 

together the Genesee and Marcellus, thus suggesting a separation of 

the typical Tropidoleptus fauna of the Hamilton from the JBuchiola 

speciosa fauna already mentioned. The Buchiola, speciosa fauna is 

seen in greater purity and with a fuller list of species in the southern 

sections, where the black shale sediments dominate the column for a 

greater vertical extent than at the north.

More facts are needed to fully differentiate these two faunas, but 

the dissections already made strongly suggest the probability that the 

faunas were contemporaneous over a great portion of their life history, 

and that the conditions of the sea bottom determined their geographical distribution as well as the particular zones in the stratigraphical 

column in which the one or the other appears.

The Buchiola fauna prevails wherever the Devonian black shale 

sedimentation was dominant, while the Tropidoleptus fauna exhibits its 

fullest development in the sediment composed of a fine-grained argillaceous mud, often more or less calcareous and typically rather light 

colored. A similar intercalation of two faunas is observed where the 

Trenton and Utica formations meet.

In the Virginia area under consideration the Buchiola fauna ranges 

above as well as below the Spirifer disjunctus zone. In New York 

Spirifer disjiinctus is generally regarded as strictly indicative of the 

higher part of the upper Devonian, but it is not restricted to this 

horizon in Iowa, Nevada, and Arizona if the morphological affinity of 

Spirifer whitneyi and S. disjunctus is recognized, as is necessary 

when an attempt is made to correlate American with European faunas. 

Nevertheless the lower limit of the Chemung may be well distinguished 

in eastern North America by the first appearance there of Spirifer 

disjunctus and its normally associated fauna.

The significance, therefore, of the prevalence in the region under 

investigation of the Buchiola fauna up to the first appearance of 

Spirifer disjunctus is found in the inference that not only the Tropidoleptus fauna is there deficient, but that there is no distinct evidence of its immediate homeotopic successor, the fauna of the Ithaca 

member of New York.
W"viiJniV KINDLE. NI> l CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. 57

LIST OF DIAGNOSTIC CHEMUNG SPECIES.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

In the list below are given the species appearing in this southern 

extension of the fauna, which in New York are diagnostic of the Chemung formation and immediately follow the -Nunda (Portage) formation:"

List of Chemung species.

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata.»

2. Strophbnella cselata.

3. Productella hirsuta.

4. P. lachrymosa.

5. P. stigmata.

6. Dalmanella tioga.

7. Atrypa hystrix.

9. Delthyris mesicostalis.

10. Sphenotus contractus.

11. Edmondia, several species.

12. Macrodon chemungensis.

13. Leptodesma lichas, and several other 

species.

14. Mytilarca chemungensis.

15. Pterinea (Vertumnia) reversa.

8. Spirifer disjunctus.

The significant feature of the list is the absence of /Stropheodonta 

(Leptostrophia) interstrialis Vanuxem, which is represented in the 

Ithaca faunas of New York; of Spiriferpennatus var. posterus, also 

an Ithaca species, and of the Prockictella which has generally been 

recorded as P. speciosa,c and was described from the Chemung of 

western New York. This form is, however, frequent in the Ithaca 

formation, and the characters which have served to distinguish it from 

the form coming later in the Chemung, i. e., P. lachrymosa, are as 

follows: a

Umbo [i»] much elevated above the hinge line, with the apex closely incurved, 

regularly arcuate from beak to baseband more rapidly curving to the sides; abruptly 

depressed on the sides of the umbo, and concave between it and the narrow, short 

ears. c * * * The species resembles some of the forms of P. lachrymosa, but the 

spiniferous tubercles are smaller, more closely arranged, and more numerous, while 

the umbo of the ventral valve is narrower and somewhat abruptly alternate. e

Figures 2, 4, 5, and 8 of PL XXV of the report above cited well 

express these features. The forms of the Chemung which have like 

surface markings are found to resemble more closely the figured specimens of P. hirsuta. Great variation is expressed in even a small collection of specimens from either horizon, and, while it is impossible to 

distinguish absolutely the earlier from the later forms, the characters 

above referred to are found in practice to be of considerable diagnostic value.

The range of Dal/manella tioga (" Schizophoria tioga"} is given in 

Mr. Schuchert's list as "Portage and Chemung" (Dev.)."^' After considerable study of the range values of the Devonian species, the writer

a See footnote, p. 86. rflbid., page 176.

b See note, p. 35. c Ibid., page 176.

o See Pal. N. Y., IV, 1867, p. 176, pi. 25, figs. 1-11. / Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 87, p. 376. See p. 36.
58 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

has come to the conclusion that this species does not occur in the New 

York sections until the Chemung fauna enters that province, thus marking the transition between the Nunda (Portage) formation a and the 

Chemunsr. 

O This conclusion, 7 which is founded on evidence'furnished

by numerous sections exhibiting continuous strata across the transition, causes the Erie shale of Leroy, Ohio, to be assigned to a horizon 

as high as the Chemung of New York, rather than in the Nunda 

(Portage). No trace of this species has been reported, so far as the 

writer is aware, from the Ithaca member or any equivalent horizon. 

Hence the species may be regarded as diagnostic of the Chemuug 

formation, and not of the Nunda (Portage).

Delthyris mesicostalis is quoted by Schuchert as appearing in " Ithaca 

and Chemung (Dev.)." 6 If it be assumed that Spirifer pennatus 

Conrad var. posterus, H. & C. c and Delthyris mesicostalis Hall 6* are 

generically distinct they may be distinguished by the absence or very 

rudimentary condition of the median septum in the ventral valve of 

Spirifer pennatus var. -posterns and its distinct development in 

Delthyris mesicostalis. If this is used as a distinguishing feature for 

specimens which are very similar in most other characters, it has been 

ascertained by the writer and those associated with him in Devonian 

studies that the specimens occurring at the horizon called the Ithaca 

member in central New York, and in all other regions where it is distinctly traced, belong to the form described as Spirifer pennatus 

var. posterns, and that specimens with a distinct septum do not appear 

in the sections until the incoming of the Chemung fauna above the 

Nunda (Portage) formation. Hence the species described as Delthyris 

mesicostalis Hall should be quoted as a diagnostic Chemung species, 

and as not occurring in the Ithaca member. 6

a See footnote, p. 86. d Geol. New York, Kept. Fourth Dist., 1843, p. 269.

& Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 87, p. 207. egee'further notes on pp, 75,76,108, 

c Pal. New York, Vol. VIII, Pt. H, p. 361.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY, 1903.

PART II.

FOSSIL FAUNAS OF.DEVONIAN SECTIONS IN CENTRAL AND 

NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA,

BY 

HENRY SHALER WILLIAMS and EDWARD M. KINDLE.

59

CONTENTS OF PART II.

Page.

Preface, by H. S. Williams ............................................ J.. 65

Introduction, by E. M. Kindle.......................................... '.. 66

Catawissa section, Columbia County ....................................... 67

Description, by E. M. Kindle ......................................... 67

Faunules, by E. M. Kindle ........................................... 69

Fonnational correlation, by H. S. Williams ............................ 78

Faunal correlations, by H. S. Williams ................................ 84

Hollowing Run section, Northumberland County........................... 86

Description, by E. M. Kindle ......................................... 86

Faunules, by E. M. Kindle ........................................... 88

Formational correlation, by E. M. Kindle........................ '...... 91

Comments on the paleontology, by H. S. Williams...................... 92

The Leroy section, Bradford County......:................................ 92

The Gulf Brook section, by E. M. Kindle.............................. 92

Faunules ........................................................ 96

Granville Center section, by H. S. Williams............................ 104

South Mountain section, by E. M. Kindle.............................. 105

Fauna........................................................... 106

Towanda Narrows section, by E. M. Kindle............................. 106

Fauna........................................................... 107

Formational correlation of Leroy section, by E. M. Kindle.............. 108

Comments on correlation of the Leroy section, by H. S. Williams ....... 109

The Tioga section, by E. M. Kindle .....................'.................. 110

Faunules ............................................................ 112

Ore Bed Road section, Mansfield, by E. M. Kindle ......................... 118

Faunules ............................................................ 118

Canoe Camp section, by E. M. Kindle..................................... 124

Faunules ............................................................ 124

Correlation of the Tioga, Mansfield, Canoe Camp, and Armenia Mountain sections, by E. M.Kindle.................................................. 127

Comments on the faunas of the Tioga, Mansfield, and Canoe Camp sections,

by H. S. Williams....................................................... 129

Comments on the correlations of the sections of Bradford and Tioga counties,

Pa., by H. S. Williams................ ..................................... 130

Bull. 244 05 5 61

ILLUSTRATIONS IN PART II.

Page.

PLATE III. A, Lowest limestone of Franklindale beds, part of Gulf Brook 

section, Pennsylvania; B, Oswayo (Pocono) formation, zone 12 

of South Mountain section, Pennsylvania ..................... 96

IV. Sections in Bradford and Tioga counties, Pennsylvania .......... 130

03

CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY,

1903.

PART II FOSSIL FAUNAS OF DEVONIAN SECTIONS IN CENTRAL AND 

NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA,

By H. S. WILLIAMS and E, M, KINDLE.

PREFACE.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

The sections discussed in the following pages were chosen for the 

purpose of extending the detailed knowledge of the faunas of the 

Devonian in a southeasterly direction across the beds from central 

New York, where the writer had already accumulated considerable 

evidence of their order and composition, to central Pennsylvania.

The facts already known suggested the probability that in Devonian 

time a shore line to the southeast limited the basin in which the sediments accumulated and the forms lived; they also led to the expectation that there would be a modification of the faunas to some degree, 

according to their distance from the shore line.

While the writer planned and directed the investigations, Doctor 

Kindle examined the sections and collected and identified the fossils. 

In the interpretation of the facts we have worked together and have 

reached the same conclusions. To the discussion, however, we have 

each contributed. The preparation of charts and faunal lists and 

method of treatment has been, in general, under the direction of the 

senior author, but the junior author has contributed many valuable 

suggestions and has done the most valuable part of the work the 

gathering and elaboration of the facts themselves.

The following sections have been examined, and the order of succession and composition of the temporary f aunules analyzed and reported 

for each:

The Oatawissa section, East Bloornsburg, Columbia County, Pa., 

about 76° 30' west longitude, and a little south of 41° north latitude.

65
66 .CONTKIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

The Hollowing Run section, lower Augusta Township, Northumberland County Pa., about at intersection of 76° 50' and 40° 45'.

The Leroy section, composed of four shorter sections at Gulf Brook, 

near Leroy, Bradford County, Pa., Granyille Center at South Mountain, the opposite side of the Towanda Creek from Leroy, andTowanda 

Narrows, about 6 miles east of Leroy. The general position of the 

section is near the intersection of 76° 45' W. and 41° 45' N.

The Tioga section, along Tioga River, near village of Tioga, Tioga 

County, Pa., near the intersection of 77° 10' W. and 41C 50' N.

The Mansfield ore led section, about 8 miles south of Mansfield, 

Tioga County, Pa. . 

The Canoe Camp section, several miles still farther south on east side 

of Tioga River.

The Armenia Mountain section, two miles west of Troy, in Bradford 

County, Pa.

The last four sections belong together, though their actual continuity is not established by continuous sections. The system of 

recording and designating the faunules and their biouic values here 

adopted is the same as that employed and more elaborately defined in 

Bulletin United States Geological Survey, No. 210, "The Correlation 

of Geological Faunas."

INTRODUCTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

The two methods of correlation of stratified rocks which are in use 

are based upon the comparison and similarity of faunas and of rock 

sections. In their application one or the other of these methods is 

generally employed to the partial or entire neglect of the other. The

paleontologist and the geologist have usually not the time or the

inclination to make a minute study, respectively, of all the faunules 

or beds of a section. The two methods are supplementary, and 

neither can yield its best service in correlation when used independently of the other.

The ideal section from the standpoint of both correlation and faunal 

geology should show the thickness and character of the rocks and the 

lists of the species at each locality. The close relationship of the biological and the physical elements of the section are expressed in the 

accompanying sections. Both the paleontological and the stratigraphical data have been combined in the same section. The relation of the 

several elements of the faunas or the species to the section is indicated 

by the range and comparative abundance of each species.

The comparison of faunas can not give the most satisfactory results 

for purposes of correlation until the history of the faunas compared is 

fairly well known. Changing conditions of environment constantly
D ] CATAWISSA SECTION. 67

affect the distribution of the species of a fauna. The succession of 

advantageous and adverse conditions of life at a given locality leads to 

the frequent shifting of position of some of the individuals of a fauna, 

and sometimes to the migration of the entire fauna. The overlap of 

faunas, the change in the composition of faunas at different horizons, 

and the modification of species in ascending can be studied in a satisfactory manner only in connection with the rock sections in which 

these changes are recorded. It is believed that the present method of 

presenting paleontological and stratigraphical data in faunal cross 

sections will throw much light on such problems and be most effective 

in working out the life history of faunas.

The accompanying sections are intended primarily as a contribution 

to our knowledge of the geographical distribution and geological 

range of Devonian fossil faunas, and as an aid in the correlation of the 

upper Devonian formations of Pennsylvania and New York.

THE CATAWISSA SECTION, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA.

DESCRIPTION OF SECTION. 

By E. M. KINDLE.

Susquehanna River cuts across the strike of the southward-dipping 

beds of the Montour anticline between the town of Catawissa and East 

Bloomsburg station, exposing in a continuous section the beds of the 

Devonian from the Hamilton formation up to the lowest " red beds." 

The work of the river in exposing the strata, which dip southward at 

an angle of 35° to 45°, has been supplemented by the construction of 

the Pennsylvania Railroad along its east bank, and the resulting section is probably not surpassed, if equaled, by any other in Pennsylvania in the opportunity which it affords for the study of upper 

Devonian faunas.

The lithological characteristics of the several beds are shown in the 

accompanying detailed section, which is followed by lists of the fossils 

obtained from each fossiliferous zone.

Section 1453 A, at Catawissa, Pa. a

Ft. in.

72. (1) Red shales, dip S. 10 E. 30°-35°.................................. 50 0

71. (2) Sandstone, greenish, massive, visible............................ 10 0

70. (3) Concealed...................................................... 110 0

69. (4) Greenish-gray sandstones, some shaly and also some reddish-brown

	sandstones...................................... ...... ........ 200 0

68. (5) Sandstone, gray, massive........................................ 10 0

67. (6) Redshale,sandy................................................ 100 0

0 Numbers in parentheses refer to corresponding divisions of White's section, Second Pennsylvania 

Geol. Survey, Kept. G 7, p. 285;
68 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

. Ft. in.

66. (7) Sandstone, green, flaggy......................................... 40 0

65. (8) Shalea, red,sandy............................................... 30 0

64. (9) Sandstone, green............................................... 10 0

63. (10) Bed shales, sandy.............................................. 60 0

62. (11) Green sandstone................................................ 15 0

61. (12) Bed shales................................................ .'. .. 55 0

60. (13) Greenish sandstone............................................. 10 0

59. (14) Sandstone, green, current-bedded................................ 10 0

57. (16) Red shales..................................................... 90 0

56. (17) Sandstone, greenish-gray, massive................................ 25 0

55. (18) Concealed with red and green bands, occasionally seen............ 120 0

54. (19) Sandstone, massive, greenish-gray ............................... 15 0

53. (20) Bed shales..................................................... 175 0

52. (21) Sandstone, massive,greenish-gray................................ 50 0

51. (22) Concealed.............................../.......,.............. 70 0

50. (23) Brecciated limestone with fish remains ........................... 5 0

49. (24) Olive shales, sandy at top........................................ 40 0

48. (25) Kedshale ...................................................... 12 0

47. (26) Concealed mostly, dip 35° to 40° S. 10° E ........................ 550 0

46. (27) Oliveshales .................................................... 175 0

45. (28) Concealed...................................................... 275 0

44. (29) Olive shales .......................................'............. 90 0

43« (30) Bed shales...................................................... 10 0

42. (31-34, 35? & 36?) Olive-gray shales and sandstone, mostly covered ..... 225 0

41. (37) Sandy, olive-green shales........................................ 15 0

40. (37) Fossiliferous band............................................:.. 0 6

39. (37 in part) Hard, greenish-olive, sandy shale......................... 30 0

38. Beds as above ....................................................... 4 0

37. Hard, olive-gray, sandy shale, with fossils common.................... 60 0

36. Hard, olive-gray, sandy shale ........................................ 30 0

35. Greenish-gray, fossiliferous shale^...................,................. 2 0

34. Hard, sandy, greenish-gray shales .................................... 75 0

33; Greenish-gray, sandy shale, fossiliferous at top ........................ 25 0

32. Hard, olive-gray, sandy beds......................................... 95 0

31. Olive-gray, sandy beds, with fossils..............;..................... 5 0

30. (41-44 in part) Olive-gray, hard, sandy beds, with occasional beds of

crinoid stems...................................................... 185 0

29. (45?) Hard, olive-gray, sandy beds, weathering to rusty brown......... 100 0

28. Bluish-gray, sandy beds, with two bands of large concretions........... 15 0

27. Dark bluish-gray, hard, sandy beds................................... 63 6

26. Fossiliferous sandy beds.............................................. 3 6

25. Bluish-gray sandy beds .............................................. 18 0

24. Fossiliferous band ................................................... 0 6

23. Bluish-gray, hard, sandy shale ....................................... 20 0

22. Hard, bluish-gray sandy beds, with large concretions, fossiliferous at top. 18 3

21. Calcareous, fossiliferous bed.......................................... 0 6

20. Hard, sandy, olive-gray beds, with large concretions near top........... 60 0

19. Bed of Spirifer pennatus var. posterns .................................. 0 3

18. Olive-gray sandy beds................................................ 35 0

17. Calcareous bed of fossils.............................................. 1 0

a The section above 43 is given as published by I. C. White, Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 

Kept. G ? p. 285.
WILLIAMS AND 

KINDLE. CATAWTSSA SECTION. C9

Ft. in.

16. Olive-gray sandy beds ......................... ...................... 25

15. (67?) Dark olive-gray sandy beds, with two highly fossilit'erons bands... 30

14. (68) Hard, dark bluish-olive sandy beds ...........'................... 70

13. (68 in part) Hard, dark bluish-olive sandy beds, fossils common........ 25

12. (69) Beds as above, nearly barren of fossils............................ 91

11. (69) Beds as above, fossiliferous. band at top........................... 54

10. (69) Beds as above with fossiliferous band at top, apparently barren

 elsewhere ......................................................... 75

9. (69 in part) Hard, sandy, olive-gray beds, with 3 to 4 inch band of fossils

at top...................................J......................... 80

8. (70) Olive-gray sandy beds, breaking with splintery fracture............ 60

7. (71) Dark olive-brown sandy beds.................................... 20

6. (72) Olive-brown and bluish, hard, sandy beds (fossils near base) ...... 175

5. (73) Dark blue, shaly, sandy beds .................................... 25

4. (74) Bluish-black fissile shale ........................................ 225

3. (75) Hard, bluish-gray calcareous shale, weathering buff or ash-gray.... 25

2. (76 and 75 in part) Mostly covered ................................... 25

1. (76 upper part) Hard, sandy, dark bluish-drab shales.................. 25

FAUNULES OF THE CATAWISSA SECTION. 

By E. M. KINDLE.

Zone 1 of Catawissa section (1453 A). The lowest beds of the section outcrop in the bed and bank of the river at East Bloomsburg. 

They contain the following species:

Faunule of zone 1 of Cataivissa section (1453 A). 

[a, abunbant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Pleurodictyum problematieum (r).

2. Strophepdonta (Douvillina) imequistriata (r).

3. Pholidostrophia iowensis (r).

4. Chonetes coronatus (c).

5. Rhipidoniella vanuxemi (c).

6. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (r).

7. Tropidoleptus carinatus (largest specimens nine-tenths of an inch wide) 

(a).

8. Spirifer granulosus (specimens large, 

and typical of the species) (a).

9. S. median's (S. audaculus) (c).

10. S. pennatus (a).

11. Meristella cf. nasuta (r).

12. Palseoneilo emarginata (r).

13. P. plana (r).

14. Actinopteria decussata (r).

15. Aviculopecten sp. (r).

16. Modiomorpha cf. concentrica (r).

17. Cypricardella bellistriata (r).

18. Cyclonerna hamiltonise (c).

The species composing this faunule are all characteristic Hamilton 

forms. .This lowest zone of the section corresponds most closely, both 

in its fossils and lithology, with the typical Hamilton formation of 

New York State.

Zone 3 of Catawissa section (1453 A). The beds of this zone, following those of zone 2 which are mostly covered, are well exposed along
70 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

the railroad on each side of the small ravine at East Bloornsburg, and 

contain the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 8 of Calawissa. section. {1453 A}. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis cf. simplex (r).

2. Cystodictya cf. bifurcata (r). 

4. Fenestella sp. (c).

4. Stropheodonta sp. (r).

5. Dalmanella tenuilineata (r).

6. A try pa aspera (c).

7. Ambocoelia umbonata (a).

8. Platyceras sp. (r).

9. Styliola fissurella (a).

10. Tentaculites spiculus (c).

11. Phacopsrana (c).

12. Dalmanites boothi (r).

13. D. cf. anchiops (r).

The rock containing these fossils contains only a small amount .of 

lime and is perhaps equally well described either as a calcareous shale 

or as a very impure argillaceous limestone.

This bed has been called .the Tully limestone by the Pennsylvania 

survey. a As it lies between typical Hamilton and Genesee beds, it 

unquestionably occupies the stratigraphical position of the Tully limestone of New York, but all of the fossils are Hamilton species, not one 

of the characteristic Tully forms appearing. This is doubtless to be 

explained by the fact that in physical characters this bed resembles 

the preceding Hamilton beds as much as or more than it resembles the 

Tully limestone of New York. The somewhat limey character of this 

bed indicates an approach toward the conditions of sedimentation prevailing in the typical Tully limestone area at the close of the Hamilton epoch, but the change from the Hamilton shale type of sediments 

was not sufficiently complete to induce the migration of the Tully 

fauna into the region, nor to drive out the Hamilton fauna, so that 

the latter continued to exist in a modified form. Although the fauna 

in this zone is a Hamilton fauna, the changed conditions of a later time

interval are registered by the elimination of such characteristic Hamilton types as Spirifer granulosus and Spirifer pehnatus, which were 

among the most abundant in the preceding zone.

While this zone does not contain the Tully fauna, the modified 

character of the Hamilton fauna which takes its place, together with its 

stratigraphical position between typical Genesee shales and Hamilton 

beds, justify the correlation of the Pennsylvania survey.

Prosser has shown that in eastern New York, where the Tully limestone is absent, its horizon is indicated at one locality by the presence 

of Hypothyris cuboides associated with Spirifer pennatus. b In the 

same region Clarke has shown that where the Tully and Genesee 

are absent "the Hamilton fauna has perpetuated itself without interruption." 0

aSecond Pennsylvania Geol. Survey Kept. G 7, pp.282,283,287; Final Kept., vol. 2, p. 1319. 

^ Fifteenth Ann. Kept. State Geol., New York, p. 185. 

o Thirteenth Ann. Kept. State Geol., New York, p. 554.
WILLIAMS AND 

KINDLE. FAUNULES OF CATAWISSA SECTION.

 Zone 4 of Cataioissa section (14.53 A). Careful search has failed to 

discover any fossils in the black shales of this zone. The physical 

appearance of the beds is identical with that of the Genesee shale, and 

no doubt a Genesee fauna will eventually be found in this region at 

this horizon.

Zone 5 of Catawissa section (1453 A). The dark-bluish shaly beds, 

which form a transition from the fissile shales of zone 4 to the hard 

sandy beds of zone 6, appear, like the former zone, to be barren.

Zone- 6 of Catawissa section (1453 A}. Near the base of 175 feet of 

hard, olive-brown, sandy beds the following faunule appears:

Faunule of zone 6 of Catawissa section (1453 A). 

[c, common; r, rare.]

6. Nuculites cf. triqueter (r).

7. N. sp. (c).

8. Pterochamia fragile (c).

9. Lunulicardinm curtum (r).

1. Plant remains (r).

2. Lingula sp. (r).

3. Chonetes lepidus (c).

4. Elymella fabialis (r).

5. Buchiola speciosa (r).

In this assemblage of species we have the first appearance of the 

Buchiola speciosa (Nunda) fauna in the section, suggesting the early 

stage of sedimentation of the Nunda (Portage) formation."

Zone 7 of Catawissa section (1453 A). This zone is the equivalent of 

No. 71 of White's section, and contains the following species:

Pav/nuk of zone 7 of Calawissa section (1453 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

7. Nuculitea cf. triqueter (c).

8. Actinopteria sp. (c).

9. Lecladiversa (c).

10. Pleurotomaria sp. nov. (c).

11. Macrochilina cf. hainiltonise (r).

1. Aulopora sp. (a).

2. Schizophoria striatula (r).

3. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

4. Spirifer pennatus vav. posterus (a).

5. Nucula bellistriata (r).

6. N. sp. (c).

The earliest appearance for this section of Spirifer pennatus var. 

posterus is in this faunule.

Zone 8 of Catawissa section (14-53 A). Fossils are scarce and difficult 

to collect at this horizon. The collection shows the following:

Faunule of zone 8 of Catawissa section (1453 A).

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Crinoid stems (r).

2. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (c).

3. Nuculites sp. (r).

4. Palseoneilo emarginata (r).

5. P. sp. (r).

6. Leda sp. (r).

One or two individuals of Leiorhynchus mesicostale have the plications limited to-four on the fold, and resemble L. globuliforme.

o See footnote, p. 86.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

Zone 9' of Gatawissa section (1J^53 A). The faunule of this zone 

is from a 3- to 4-inch band of fossils, separated from the preceding 

zone by 80 feet of nearty barren beds. This zone contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 9 of Catawissa section (1453 A). 

[ft, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Cystodictya rneeki (a).

2. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (c).

3. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (c).

4. Paleeoneilo emarginata (r).

5. P. cf. filosa (r).

6. Leda diversa (r).

7. Leiopteria cf. bigsbyi (r).

8. Actinopteria cf. perstrialis (c).

Three or four fragments of a small Spirifer, probably representing 

Sp. pennatus var. posterus, occur in this faunule.

Zone10 of Catawissa section (1453 A). At the top of 75 feet of barren beds, following zone 9, a thin fossiliferous zone bears the following 

faunule:

Faunule of zone 10 of Calawissa section (1458 A.}. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Crinoid stems (c).

2: Cyrtina hamiltonensis (a).

3. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (c).

4. Nucula sp. (r).

5. Bellerophon sp. (c).

6. Cyolonema rnultilira (c). (The specimens are much larger than those 

figured by Hall, but agree with them 

in other respects.)

7. Orthoceras cf. fulgidum (r).

The association of the recurrent Hamilton forms, Cyrtina hamiltonensis and Sp. pennatus var. posterus, as dominant forms in this and other 

faunules of this section, is paralleled by the association of the same 

species in the Ithaca fauna of the Ithaca section. Above this zone, 

which is 435 feet above the Genesee shale of this section, Sp. pennatus var. posterus appears in most of the faunules up to the top of

the section. This variety first appears as a common form in the Ithaca 

section 380 feet above the Genesee shale of that section, and is known 

by the writer to continue through at least 260 feet of the Ithaca beds. 

Zone 11 of Catawissa section (1453 A). Following the preceding 

zone are 54 feet of barren or nearly barren beds, at the top of which 

occurs the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 11 of Catawissa section (1463 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Cystodictya meeki (a).

2. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

3. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus

4. Reticularia Itevis (r).

5. Sanguinolites (?) sp. (r).

6. Nucula sp. (r).

7. PaUeoneilo plana (c).

8. Leda diversa (r).

9. Actinopteria perstrialis (a).
AVlJj'LlAMS AND 

KINDI.I5. FAUNULES OF CATAWISSA SECTION. 73

This faun tile is of special interest because of the presence of 

Iteticularia Iwvis, which hitherto has not been recognized outside 

of a limited area in central New York.

Zone 12 of Catawissa section (11(53 A). Ninety-one feet of nearly 

barren olive-gray sandy beds comprise this zone. No fossils were 

collected.

Zone 13 of Catawissa section (1453 A.). The 25 feet of dark bluisholive sandy beds succeeding the last zone contain the following 

species: ^

Faunule of zone 18 of Catawissct section (1453 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Choiietes scitulus (a).

2. Productella cf. speciosa (r).

(Two very small Productellas are 

doubtfully referred to this species.)

3. Cainarotcechia eximia (a).

4. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (c).

5. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (c).

6. Spirifer mesistrialis.

7. S. pennatus var. posterns (a).

8. Nucula sp. (r).

9. Modiomorphasubalatavar. cheinungensis (?) (r).

(A single small specimen referred to

Jhis species with some doubt).

10. Cypricardella gregaria (c).

Zone 14 of Catawissa section (1453 A). Seventy feet of nearly barren sandy beds intervene between the last-mentioned and the succeeding 

fossiliferous zone. In this zone are found the following species:

' Faunule of zone 14 of Catawissa section (1453 A).

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Palseoneilo constricta (r).

2. P. plana (r).

3. Actinopteria perstrialis (c).

4. Loxonema cf. keviusculum (r).

5. Coleolus acicula (r).

6. Orthoceras cf. fulgiduin (r).

7. 0. sp. (r).

Zone 15 of Cataioissa section(1453 A). The fossils occurring in this 

zone are as follows:.

Faunule of zone 15 of Catawissa, section (1453 A). .

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Crania leoni (r).

2. Chonetes scitulus (r).

3. Productella speciosa (r).

4. Cryptonella eudora (a).

5. Tropidpleptus carinatus (r).

6. Atrypa reticularis (r).

7. Spirifer mesistrialis (a).

8. S. pennatus var. posterus (a).

9. Grammysia sp. (r).

10. Macrodon sp. (r).

11. Leptodesrna sp. (r).

12. Actinopteria perstrialis (r).

13. Bellerophon sp. (r).

14. Pleurotomaria sp. (c).

15. Cyclonemasp. (r).

16. Platyceras sp. (r).

17. Tentaculites spiculus (c).

The above list contains many typical fossils of the ithaca fauna. 

The presence of Tropidol&ptits carinatus in this faunule is noteworthy
74 CONTKIBUT.IONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.2<M.

as representing a very late survival in this region of a typical Hamilton species."

Zone 16 of Catawissa section (1J^3 A). Succeeding zone 15 are 25 

feet of nearly barren beds.

Zone 17 of Catawissa section \llfi3 A). This zone is composed of a 

mass of fossil shells 1 foot in thickness at an elevation of 1,000 feet 

above the base of the section.

Faunule of zone 17 of Catawissa section (1458 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Cystodictya meeki (r).

2. Paleschara sp. (r).

3. Chonetes scitulus (a).

4. Cryptonella eudora (r).

5. Atrypa reticularis (r).

6. Cyrtina harniltonensis (c).

7. Spirifer mesistrialis (a).

8. S. pennatus var. posterus (a).

9. Ambocoelia gregaria (r).

10. Actinopteria perstrialis (r).

11. Bellerophon sp. (r).

12. Cycloneina sp. (c).

13. Loxonema sp. (r).

14. Tentaculites spiculus (c).

Zones 18 to <20 of Catawissa section (1453 A). The 35 feet of olivegray beds (18) following the last zone are terminated above by a 3-inch 

band of the shells of Sp. pennatus var. posterus (19), above which 

comes 60 feet of hard sandy beds (20) with few fossils and with a bed 

of large concretions near the top.

. Zone %1 of Catawissa section (1453 A). A 6-inch band of calcareous 

rock contains the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 21 of Catawissa section (1458 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis sp.

2. Cystodictya meeki (c).

3. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (a).

4. Spirifer mesistrialis (a).

5. S. pennatus var. posterus'(c).

6. Ambocoelia gregaria (r).

Zone 88 of Catawissa section (llfiS A). The species comprising the 

faunule of zone 22 are the following:

Faunule of zone %2 of Catawissa section (1453 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.J

1. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis & (r).

2. S. (L.) perplana var. nervosa (a).

3. Schizophoria striatula (r).

Zone 23 of Gatawissa section 

ren beds follow the last horizon.

4. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (c).

5. Spirifer mesistrialis (c).

6. S. pennatus var. posterus (c).

Twenty feet of nearly bar-

« With the exception of that species the faunule is very similar to one occurring in the middle part 

of the Ithaca member at Ithaca. H. S. W. ' 

&See footnote, p. 35.
WILLIAMS AND 

KJNDLE. FAUNULES OF CATAWISSA SECTION. 75

Zone %lf, of Cataivissa section (1453 A). A. fossiliferous band 6 inches 

thick contains the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 24- of Catawissa section (1453 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Crania sp. (r).

2. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis (c).

3. S. (L.) perplana var. nervosa (a).

4. Chonetes setigerus (r).

5. Schizophoria striatula (c).

6. Cyrtina haniiltonensis (c).

7. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (a).

8. Glyptodesma erectum (r).

9. Pleurotomaria sp. (r). 

10. Tentaculites spiculus (r).

Zone 85 of Catawissa section (1453 A). This zone comprises 18 feet 

of bluish-gray sandy beds, sparingly fossiliferous.

Zone 26 of Catawissa section (1453 A). Following the preceding 

zone are 3i feet of beds, which hold the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 26 of Cataivissa section (1463 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Cystodictya meeki (c).

2. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis (r).

3. S. (L.) perplana var. nervosa (a).

4. Chonetes scitulus (c).

5. Productella speciosa (r).

6. Atrypa reticularis (a).

7. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (c).

8. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (a).

9. Leiopteria cf. bigsbyi (r).

10. Actinopteria perstrialis (a).

11. Tentaculites spiculus (c).

The specimens here listed as Sp. pennatus var. posterus exhibit some 

interesting variations. Some of the specimens which represent the 

postei*us type have the well-marked muscular impression in the ventral 

valve characteristic of this form, without any distinct trace of a median 

septum which characterizes the closely related form Deltkyris mesicostalis. A few have the weakly developed median septum without the 

muscular impression, and represent an early stage of development of 

Deltliyris mesicostalis, A majority of the specimens show both characters, the median septum being but slightly developed in any individuals.

Zone 27 to 30 of Catawissa section (1453 A). Three hundred and 

sixty-three feet of nearly barren beds succeed the last zone.

Zone 31 of Catawissa section (1453 A). Five feet of olive-gray sandy 

beds afford the following species:

Faunule of zone 81 of Catawissa section (1458 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Productella speciosa (r).

2. Schizophoria striatula (a).

3. Pugnax cf. pugnus (r).

4. Atrypa aspera (r).

5. A. reticularis (c).

The third species is represented by two small fragments doubtfully 

referred to this species.
76 CONTRIBUTIONS .TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

Zone 32 of Gatawissa section (1453 A). Ninety-five feet of comparatively barren beds intervene between the preceding and the succeeding fossiliferous zones.

Zone 33 of Catawissa section (1453 A). The following species are 

from the upper part of 25 feet of greenish-gray sandy shale:

Faunule of zone 33 of Cataivissa section (1453 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

10. Palteoneilo filosa (c).

11. P. plana (r).

12. Actinopteria sp. (r).

13. Bellerophon meera (r).

14. B. (Bucanopsis) leda var. (r).

15. Pleurotomaria sp. (r).

16. Loxonema sp. (r).

17. Orthoceras sp. (r).

1. Cystodictya tneeki (r).

2. Chonetes scitulus (r).

3. Productella.speciosa (a).

4. Pugnax pugnus (c).

5. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

6. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (a)'.

7. Reticularia kevis (r).

8. Sanguinolites sp. (r).

9. Nucula corbuliformis (c).

This faunule is noteworthy as showing a second occurrence in the 

section of Reticularia Is&ms nearly 900 feet above its first appearance. 

In the Ithaca section it is known to have a vertical range of 520 feet. 

P. pugnus, which is here associated with R. Isevis, is another form 

well known in the Nunda horizon of central New York.

Zone 34 of Gatawissa section (1453 A). Seventy-five feet of hard, 

sandy greenish-gray shales, carrying few fossils, follow the last zone.

Zone 35 of Catawissa section (1453 A). Two feet of fossiliferous 

beds hold the following species: .

Faunule of zone 35 of Catawissa section (1453 A). 

. [a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Leiorhynchua rnesicostale (a).

2. Ptignax pugnus (c).

3. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (a).

4. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (a).

5. Grammysiasp. (r).

6. Nucula corbuliformis

7. Palseoneilo filosa (r).

8. Actinopteria sp. (r).

The specimens of Sp. pennatus var. posterus in this zone have the 

greatly extended hinge line characteristic of those occurring at the 

Triphammer Falls horizon in the Ithaca section.

Zon,e 36 of Gatawissa section (1453 A). The beds of this zone hold 

the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 36 of Calawissa section (1453 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Craniella cf. hamiltonise (r).

2. Productellaspeciosa (c).

3. Schizophoria striatula (r).

4. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (a).

5. Pugnax pugnus (c).

6. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (c).

7. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (a).

8. Palseoneilo plana (r).

The specimens of /Sp. pennatus var. posterus are rather large, averaging about H inches in width.
FAUNULES OF CATAWISSA SECTION. 77

Zone 3S of Catawissa section (1453 A). The following species occur 

in the 4 feet of beds included in this zone:

Faunule of zone 38 of Catawissa section (1463 A}. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta cf. demissa (r).

2. Schizophoria striatula (c).

3. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (c).

4. Spirifer pennatus var. posterns (a).

5. Pateoneilo plana (r).

6. Pterinea chemungensis (r).

7. Ectenodesma birostratum (r).

Zone 39 of Catawissa section (1463 A). Thirty feet of sparingly 

fossiliferous shales separate the last zone from the succeeding.

Zone 40 of Catawissa section (1/+53 A). A 6-iuch band of richly 

fossiliferous rock affords the following species:

Faunule of zone 40 of Catawissa section (1453 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Craniella cf. hamiltoniie (r).

2. Stropheodonta cf. demissa (r).

3. Productella speciosa (c).

4. Schizophoria striatula (r).

5. Pugnax pugnus (a).

6. Atrypaaspera (r).

7. Cyrtina hamiltonensin (c).

8. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (r).

9. Ambocoelia gregaria (r).

10. Nucula diffidens (c).

11. Paleeoneilo cf. brevis (r).

12. Palseoneilo sp. (r).

13. Leptodesma sp. (r). 

14! Mytilarca sp. (r).

15. Glyptodesma cf. erectum (r).

16. Ectenodesma cf. birostratum (r).

17. Goniophora cf. trnncata (r).

18. Cypricardella cf. gregaria (r).

19. Bellerophon cf. rmera (r).

20. B. sp. (r).

21. Loxpnema sp. (r).

It will be noted that nearly all of the species in this list occur in the 

Ithaca fauna. The third and fifth species (P. speciosa) and P. pugnus, 

which are the dominant forms of the faunule, are characteristic species 

of the Ithaca fauna. This is the latest faunule appearing in the section. No characteristic Chemung forms appear either in it or in any 

of the preceding faunules. It is to be observed also that this fauna 

ranges through approximately 1,400 feet. The pure Ithaca fauna at 

Ithaca occupies about 400 feet and the Chemung fauna begins less than 

1,400 feet above the, Genesee.

Zone 41-4% of Gatawissa section (1453 A). Olive-gray shales and 

sandstone, mostly covered and apparently barren, occupy the interval 

between the last zone and the lower "red bed."

Zone 43 of Cataioissa section (1453 A}. This zone comprises 10 feet 

of red shales, is the lowest of the "red beds, 1 ' and is barren of fossils. 

It is the highest bed in which careful search was made for fossils.

Bull. 244 05 6
78 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

FORMATIONAL CORRELATION OF CATAWISSA SECTION.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

The Catawissa section was chosen for special investigation because 

of its central position and because it has been adopted as a standard 

section in the interpretations of the geology of this and several adjacent counties. In Kept. G 7, I. C. White used it as a standard. The 

State geologist, J. P. Lesley, after consulting James Hall, of New 

York, concerning the points involved, allowed the paleoutological facts, 

to stand as reported. Criticism of the value of paleontology rather 

than of the correctness of the statements resulted from the confusion 

between the stratigraphy and the paleontology. a

The 10-foot bed of red shales (No. 89 of section, on. p. 239 of Kept. 

G 7) was made the base of the Chemung-Catskill. On the north side 

of the river the same bed is recognized as No. 41 of the Rupert and 

Catawissa section/ I. C. White made the following statement:

The reader will understand that the top of the Chemung has been fixed by me in 

the district at the base of the lowest red bed, and that all rocks below this, down to 

the top of the Hamilton, will be described under the name of Chemung, since I have 

found it impracticable to separate the Portage from the Chemung by any well-defined 

characters that will apply throughout the district, although it is very probable that 

SOO'-ljOOCK of the beds in the lower part of the group are the equivalent of the 

Portage beds in New York.

The following section taken along the south bank of the Susquehanna River, 

beginning at the eastern end of the bridge across the latter stream at Rupert exhibits 

the distribution of the fossils in the Chemung. c

The identification of the fossils was upon the authorit}^ of Professor 

Claypole. In discussing the Catawissa section, I. C. White gives the 

following reasons for adopting this basis of classification:

There comes at the bottom of the Catskill a series of rocks having such a mixture 

of Catskill arid Chemung characters that it seems impossible to determine precisely 

the lower limits of the former, or the upper of the latter; and to bridge over the 

difficulty I have thought best to classify'these transition beds as an intermediate 

Catskill-Chemung group.

The base.of the Catskill series, as limited in this report, has been placed at the 

horizon where the scales, teeth, and bones of Holoptychius make their first 

appearance. d

Some geologists would doubtless cut off the Catskill at the base of No. 22 [of the 

Catawissa section] and place all the underlying portion of the section, 700' thick, 

in the Chemung, because some shells of Chemung type occur in these beds; but 

since more than IjOOO' of red beds underlie the first'bed, No. 54, at the bottom of the 

section, I prefer the conclusion that a few of the Chemung shells lived on, in this 

region at least, far into the Catskill period. e

«See Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey Kept. G 7, prefatory letter, sec. 24, p. xix; also p. 63, etc. 

b Ibid., pp. 63-64. a Ibid., pp. 67-68. d Ibid., p. 54. e Ibid., p. 59.

D ] CORRELATION OF CATAWISSA SECTION. 79

The above quotations uiake it clear that I. C. White in 1883 accepted 

the first substantial red bed in the Devonian sections as the upper 

termination of the Chemung formation, and regarded the first fish 

bed with Holoptychius remains as the base of the true Catskill formation. For practical purposes (not fully approving it himself), he 

proposed to call the formations lying between these two zones the 

Chemung-Catskill.

In this section are to be found the evidences which have been taken 

for the classification of the upper Devonian formations of central 

Penns.ylvania in general, as given in the Second Pennsylvania report. 

. A reference to the Prefatory Letter of Report G 7 will indicate the 

nature of the confusion introduced. In closing that letter the State 

geologist (J. P. Lesley) remarks:

The startling fossil species of this report will therefore be regarded by the pal eontok>gist . . . as only provisionally verified; while they must certainly stimulate

American geologists to a closer study, and especially to a microscopic study, of several

of our so-considered plainest and least ambiguous forms."

In the following year, 1884, a sharp controversy arose iu section E 

of the American Association for the Advancement of Science over the 

restatement of one phase ,of the same problem the claim that Spi/rifev mesistrialis and Spirifer disjunctus. were found together in the 

same formation. It was at that time my good fortune to know the 

statement to be correct, because I had a rock specimen containing 

both species. But none of the geologists knew at that time the real 

cause of the difficulty.

It was not known then that the first red bed could not be taken as 

the mark of the close of the Chemung formation, so long as Chemung 

was identified by marine fossils, and that the first fish beds did not 

occur uniformly at the same horizon in relation to the succession of 

marine faunas.

I believe very few geologists at that time were ready to accept the 

proposition that fossils which were known to represent separate stages 

of a continuous section in one region could actually occur together in 

the same zone of another section. The last remark of Professor Lesley's letter has proved correct. The fossils which were of critical 

importance were no doubt incorrectly labeled, and the conclusions 

which rested upon their identification were erroneous. This at least 

has been demonstrated by the recent study of the Catawissa section.

The diagnostic Chemung fossil Spirif&r disjunctus, which was reported from three zones of the section below the first red bed and 

from four zones in the section on the north side of the river (the lowest of which is within 800 feet of the top of the Genesee), not only 

has not been found after special careful search of every foot of the

a Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Kept. G 7, p. xxvi.
80 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY: . [BULL.-2M.

section, but the fossils that do occur represent faunas which are well 

known in New York State, none of which contain this species in any 

of their reported outcrops.

Since the lists of species have been officially reported, it is not sufficient to say that the species do not occur in the section. The statement that the classification, as it stands, is not in accordance with the 

paleontological facts, can not be accepted in place of the official 

reports without demonstrative evidence. It is not just to the geologists to charge them with wrong interpretation when they were relying on the accuracy of the paleontologist's determination. It has 

been thought fairer and better to neglect the statistics already 

reported, to examine the section anew, and to gather new series of 

fossils.

In order that the facts may be clearly before the reader, the interpretation of the section, as given by I. C. White in the report, will 

be briefly stated.

The lowest red bed of the section on the north side of the river is 

given as No. 41 of, the section. (( It outcrops at roadside near the 

mouth of a little run, 280 rods north from Catawissa station. It is 

given as No. 30 of the section on the north side of the river, and is 

there described as "Red shales, sandy, near east end of Rupert Bridge 

of Reading Railroad, this being the lowest red bed and base of transition."*

This was made the top of that part of the section specially examined 

by Doctor Kindle, and is No. 43 of his section. A reconnaissance 

survey of the higher beds did not show to him any marine invertebrate 

fossils, so that detailed search for fossils was not made. None are 

reported by I. C. White for this particular section above the first red 

bed No. 30.

On the north side of the river, marine fossils are reported above

this red bed for nearly a thousand feet. The reported species are all 

Chemung. 6 These higher beds are classified as Chemung-Catskill.

The thickness of the section, according to I. C. White's estimate, 

is as follows:"1

Thickness of beds of Cataimssa section.

Feet.

Chemung (strata Nos. 30-73, inclusive), and from the top of the Geuesee to 

first red bed ............................................................ 2,300

Chemung-Catskill, or transition, to first fish bed ........................... 1,100

Catskill...............;...........................................:...... 1,412

The lower 1,000 feet, or thereabouts, was identified as equivalent to 

the Portage on basis of fossils.* 

The thickness of the so-called Chemung, from the Genesee shales

oSecond Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Kept. G 7, p. 64. dlbid., p. 287. 

bIbid., p. 285. e Ibid., p. 70. 

clbid., p. 65.
WILLIAMS AND 

K1ND1.F. ] CORRELATION OF CATAWISSA SECTION". 81

to the base of the first red bed, Kindle estimated to be a little over 

2,100 feet. No single section can be measured through the whole 

series, and the element of dip comes in to make up the difference in 

estimated thickness. Many of the zones of the original section were 

recognized by Kindle, but not all, and the section here reported upon 

is given on the basis of an independent examination and tabulation of 

the strata, the section, however, covers the same interval of rocks 

given in Kept. G 7. ,

The Stony Brook beds are identified in Kept. Gr 7 as No. 39 of the 

section. Whether I. C. White's identification of the beds in this section 

is correct or not, the Stony Brook beds were then regarded as of great 

value for determining horizons. I. C. White stated that the "Stony 

Brook horizon can be recognized anywhere within the region whereever il;s beds are exposed, from Lnzerne County to the southern part of 

Northumberland,"" and suggests that this zone may be present 50 

or 150 feet below the third Venango oil sand in Crawford and Erie 

counties.

The four species which are said to be "always associated in the 

Stony Brook beds " are Productella Mrsuta, Spirifer disjunctus, longwinged form, Spirifer mesicostalis, and Leiorhynchus mesicostale. a

The original outcrop of the Stony Brook beds is in Columbia 

County, at a cutting where the road crosses Stony Brook, one-half 

mile north of the south line of Orange Township. The brook empties 

into Fishing Creek.

On the evidence of the fossils, the following statement was made 

concerning the Stony Brook beds: "In fact this horizon seems to 

represent, par excellence, the typical Chemung rocks of New York in 

physical aspect as well as in fossils. " b And in the final report, ten 

years later, this interpretation is confirmed. c

As is shown in the present report (see page 76) the fossils found 

in the rocks at the horizon called " Stony Creek beds " by I. C. White do 

not belong to the fauna of the typical Chemung formation of New 

York, but to a fauna always, in the New York section, found below 

the typical Chemung in what, along the Cayuga Lake meridian, is 

called the Ithaca member. In fact, the combination of species is 

very close to that found in the central part of the typical Ithaca 

member of Ithaca, N. Y. Professor Hall's surmise, that the Stony 

Creek beds were middle Chemung, was nearer the truth, but in making that judgment he was misled by the report that Spirifer disjunctus 

was present in the fauna. Not a trace of that species has been found 

anywhere in the Catawissa section/' The use of this bed as evidence 

of the upper part of the typical Chemung, as in this and several other

"Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Kept. G 7, p. 72.

^Ibid., p. 92.

c Summary Final Kept. Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, vol. 2, p. ].f»64.

rfSee Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Kept. G 7, p. xxx.
82 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [Buti.244.

cases a is therefore misleading on account of misinterpretation of the 

fossils.

While this reliance upon wrong1 report of fossils has led to error, 

a mistake of another kind was made when I. C. White held that 

Chemung species occurred not only in his transition interval, called 

Chemung-Catskill, but also several hundred feet above the base of the 

Catskill. b This is accounted for by the supposed survival of Chemung 

species into the Catskill age. "But the marked absence of other 

well-known Chemung fossils shows that the above-mentioned species 

are merely five species which survived long beyond those with which 

they are associated in the genuine Chemung beds, into the Catskill 

age." 6 The same idea is conveyed in an earlier statement in which 

the author defends his determination of the base of the Catskill at the 

Holoptychius beds by saying: "Some geologists would doubtless cut 

off the Catskill at the base of No. 22, and place all of the underlying 

portion of the section, 700 feet thick, in the Chemung, because some 

shells of Chemung type occur in these beds; but since more than 1,000 

feet of red beds underlie the fish bed, No. 54, at the bottom of the section, I prefer the conclusion that a few of the Chemung shells lived on, 

in this region at least, far into the Catskill period." c I quote this argument in full because it strikes at the very heart of the difficulty.

The first appearance of red beds and of Holoptychi'us in a stratigraphical section is there announced to be of more importance in determining the geological age of the beds than the presence of well-known 

representatives of a marine invertebrate fauna which is known to hold 

a definite place in the sequence of fossil faunas.

The problem may be expressed in simple terms, as follows: It is 

supposed that Spirifw disjunctus is characteristic of the Chemung 

fauna and red beds are typical of the Catskill formation. Where 

Spirifer disjunctus occurs in the midst of red beds I. C. White maintained that the rocks are of Catskill age and that Spirifer disjunctus 

lived on after its normal period (the Chemung). The opposite contention, which is here advocated, is that the age of the beds is Chemung 

and that the red beds were deposited earlier, in this region than at 

places where they are found only above the Spirifer disjunctus zone 

of the section.

The issue was clearly recognized by me. at the first reading of 

Report G 7, but it will be noticed at once that the question seems to 

be purely a matter of opinion, and there is no evidence to prove the 

correctness of either view. At the time of writing the report its 

author and the Pennsylvania surve}' were apparently in possession of 

the facts. The disregard of the interpretations by fossils was justified, since the species were incorrectly reported in a critical case. The 

problem could be solved only by such a perfect elaboration of the

«See Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Kept. G7, PI. V., p. (56. blbid, p. 240. < ! Ibid, p. 59.
WILLIAMS AND 

KIN'1)1.12. ] CORRELATION OF CATAWISSA SECTION. 83

faunas that they would afford conclusive proof independent of red 

beds or any other purely physical characters. It has taken a long 

time.to gather the evidence, but we are now able to prove by fossil 

evidence that the red beds, regarded as the top of the Chemung formation of this region by I. C. White, were deposited before the typical 

Chemung fauna occupied the seas of this region.

The evidence for this conclusion is found in the appearance of the 

Ithaca fauna immediately below the lowest red beds. This Ithaca 

fauna occupies the section down to within 200 feet of the black shale 

beds of the Genesee, where the typical Nunda fauna occurs. Below 

the Genesee a typical Hamilton fauna is seen. No characteristic Chemung fossils appear in the whole section at Catawissa. The successive 

appearance of the Hamilton, Genesee, lower Nunda, and Ithaca faunas, 

terminated above by red beds, demonstrates the important fact that 

the Catskill type of sedimentation began in this region before the 

Chemung epoch opened.

Professor Hall was right in stating that the beds were of Chemung 

age so long as they carried Chemung fossils (i. e., up to 22 of the I. C. 

AA7 hite section). This would, however, carry the top of the Chemung 

formation 2,700 feet higher up than it is located in the report and 

would include all of I. C. White's Chemung-Catskill and 1,700 feet 

of his Catskill.

The present investigation has not gone far enough to positively confirm this conclusion, but the evidence afforded by the fossils of the 

Catawissa section that have been critically studied makes such a conclusion probable.

The facts published in the reports regarding the range of fossils in 

the sections are in favor of the interpretation given by Professor Hall. 

Spirifer disjunctus and other Chemung fossils were frequently 

reported above the base of the red beds. In the Fishing Creek section a fossils were reported 800 feet above the top of the so-called 

Chemung. In the Montour section 6 fossils were found 700 feet above 

the base of "Catskill" and 1,700 feet above the top of "Chemung." 

The Hartville section c (Luzerne County) shows Chemung fossils 150 

feet above the base of the "Catskill."

It is evident from these reported "cases that the fossils were of secondary importance in determining the upper limit of the Chemung. 

The first red beds, at whatever horizon they occurred, in relation to the 

fossils, were regarded as evidence of the top 'of the Chemung formation and the beginning of the Catskill series. The transition beds up 

to the first well-defined Holoptychius beds were called ChemungCatskill.

That Professor Claypole, who identified the fossils, understood the 

confusion of evidence is clear from his report on Perry County. The

" Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Kept. G 7, p. 215. &lbid., p. 237. clbid., p. 196.
84 CONTEEBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BOLL.244.

Kings Mill sandstone is placed in the Cats Id II formation, although he 

found in it, and in the overlying shales, fossils which he identified as 

typical Chemung species. The formation name was evidently applied 

because of the red shales and the Holoptychius beds, and he supposed 

that these beds were "passage beds between the Chemung and the 

Catskill, during the formation of which Catskill conditions more anc 

more prevailed, rendering the seas less and less congenial to the Chemung fauna, until the latter became extinct; and then followed thai 

vast accumulation of red sandstone and shale almost destitute oi 

organic remains, except those of fishes, which is usualty recognized a 

the Catskill formation.""

In conclusion it is to be noted that not a single species of the list of 

15 diagnostic Chemung species mentioned on page 57 of this bulletin 

is found in the 2,000 feet of strata of this Catawissa section.

FAUNAL CORRELATIONS OF CATAWISSA SECTION.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

Regarding the paleontological evidences presented in this section, 

the following comments may be made:

The first fossiliferous zone (1 to 3) contains the normal fauna of the 

Hamilton formation, as shown by the dominance of Tropidoleptas 

carinatus, Chonetes coronatus, Rhipidomella vanuxemi, Spirifer pennatus, 8. granulosus, and Phacops rana, and the presence of S. medialis, 

Pals&oneilo emarginata, Modiomorpha concentrica, Cypricardella bellistriata, and Cydonema hamiltonisB.

Zone 4 may be correlated, on account of its lithological similarity anc 

in the absence'of detected fossils, with the Genesee formation.

Zone 6 contains a fauna which is common in the Nunda (Portage) 

formation both above and below the horizon of the Ithaca fauna, and

in sections in which the latter is absent. It is recognized by the presence and association of such species as Buchiola speciosa, Pterochsenia 

fragile and Lunulicardium curtwn. It contains Chonetes and Lingula 

but rarely species of any other genera of brachiopods.

The fossiliferous zone, extending from 7 to 26 inclusive, contains a 

fauna typical of the Ithaca member, as it is seen at Ithaca, N. Y. 

The diagnostic species are Spiriferpennatusvai'. posterns, Sp. mesistvicdis, Actinopteria perstrialis, Leiorhynchus mesicostale, Productella 

speciosa, Cystodictya meeki, and Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia] interstrialis. The thickness here is 700 feet. At Ithaca, N. Y., the fossiliferous zone, which is characteristic, is not over 400 feet thick. 

Reticidaria Isevis appears in the Catawissa section 280 feet above the base 

of tlie fossiliferous zone. This first Reticularia Ixvis faunule occupies 

much the same position, in the sequence of development of the general

a Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Rept. P 2, p. 7G.
WIIKiNDLEAND ] CORBELATION OF CATAWISSA SECTION. 85

faunas, as in the Ithaca section. The fossiliferous zone extends about 

400 feet above it in both cases; and the difference in the range of fossils, indicated by the statistics now on hand, is shown by the fact that 

in theCatawissa section such species as Spirifer pennatus v&v.posterus, 

Schizoplioria striatula, and Leiorhynchus mesicostale, appear well below 

the first Spirifer laevis zone while in Ithaca they do not appear below 

it. It is noticeable that the brachiopods dominate above while in the 

lower 200 feet of the fossiliferous zone there are few brachiopods 

though there is a sparse fauna of gastropods, lamellibrauchs and 

cephalopods. In this feature the Oatawissa and Ithaca sections agree. 

This mingling of the two faunas, which are more sharply differentiated in the Ithaca section, is probably due to the geographical position of the section.

In western New York, along the Genesee Valley, the interval between 

the Genesee shale and the first appearance of the Chemung fauna is 

occupied by the Nunda formation, with no trace in it of the rich 

Ithaca fauna. Very little trace of that fauna is seen in the Seneca 

Lake Valley sections, while at Ithaca there is a zone of 400 feet preceded as well as followed by Nunda conditions and fauna. This 

zone is occupied by the rich brachiopod fauna of the typical Ithaca 

formation.

Points to be noted in the faunal combinations are the association of 

Spirifer pennatus var. posterns with Reticularia l&vis in zone 11, and 

the appearance of the former over 200 feet lower in zone 7. Another 

interesting association is Tropidotyrtus carinatus, in zone 15, Avith 

Pro'ductella speciosa, Cryptonella eudora, Spirifer mesistrialis, and S. 

pennatus var. posterns. This is evidently a recurrence from the Hamilton 

formation, and is to be correlated in time with the occurrence recorded 

in the Ithaca section in Bulletin 3 (page 15) of the faunule called in 

that report No. 14 N. The species Tropido^tus carinatus does not 

appear in the latter zone at Ithaca so far as at present discovered, 

but several common Hamilton forms do.

From zone 26 upward for about 300 feet no fossils were detected, 

and the upper fossiliferous zone occupies the succeeding 400 feet. 

This upper zone (31-40) holds a fauna in which the dominant species 

are still those of the Ithaca beds. From 26 to 40, inclusive, may be 

correlated with the upper Nunda of the Ithaca section.

Jt will be noticed, that the Stropheodonta is almost completely 

absent, a single species referred to, ' S. demissa, appearing in both 38 

and 40. Schizophoria striatula is present, but Cryptonella is wanting, as is also Spirifer mesistrialis. Pagnax pugnus and Reticularia 

Isevis are both present, the former frequently and in considerable 

numbers. Productella hallana is not recorded, but it probably would 

be found on more thorough search. These characteristics of the
86 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

upper fauna, associated with the absence of the Chemung species of 

Productella, Orthis, Spirifer, and Delthyris, indicate a continuation 

of the Ithaca fauna up through the zone, called upper Portage at 

Ithaca, where it was found to be nearly barren and represented only 

by recurrent Nunda (Portage) species.

This combination of species, seen in the upper part of the Catawissa 

section, is in harmony with the theory that the income of the western 

fauna was associated with the movements of the Nunda (Portage) sediments and fauna, while the Ithaca fauna was associated more intimately 

with the shif tings of the fauna of the Hamilton and is purer to the east, 

and is more restricted, both in species and in range, as it is followed 

westward across the States of Pennsylvania and New York.

Regarding the representatives of the western interior fauna, it may 

be said that, according to the present evidences, the Reticularia was 

the first to appear in this eastern area; then came Pugnax and Productetta hallcma, and at a still later incursion, Strophonella and Spirifer disjunctus were "added.

It will be observed that species Ectenodesma Mrostratwn and Glyptodesma erectum and two species of Belleroplion also appear in these 

upper faunules.

But, as Doctor Kindle has already noted, throughout this whole 

fossiliferous zone of the Catawissa section, up to the appearance of 

the characteristic red sediment of the Catskills, no characteristic Chemung species have been discovered. Using the Ithaca section as a 

standard, the Catawi ssa section, up to zone 40 (by the fossils), and presumably up to the base of the red bed 43, must be correlated with the 

Hamilton, Genesee, and Nunda (including the Ithaca member in the 

latter) formations. a Faunally the evidence of the Chemung formation 

must be looked for in the still higher strata.

THE HOLLOWING RUN SECTION, NORTHUMBERLAND

COUNTY, PA.

DESCRIPTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

A second section was selected for detailed study on Susquehanna 

River, 25 miles southwest of the Catawissa section.

The Pennsylvania survey, in reporting upon this section, announced 

the occurrence in it of Spirifer disjunctus "in great numbers," 6 and 

correlated all the beds above the "Genesee" as "Chemung." This 

particular section was subjected to investigation partly in order to test

a The name "Nunda formation," including the Ithaca member, has been adopted in the Watkins 

Glen folio (now in preparation) to designate what has heretofore been called the Portage, or 

Nunda, group. November, 1904. H. S. W.

&Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey Kept., G 7, p. 358.
WIIKiNDLKANI> ] HOLLOWING BUN SECTION. 87

the correctness of this correlation. It was desired also to compare the 

vertical range of the species occurring in it with those of the Catawissa and other sections, to ascertain the variation of the faunas, and 

to learn whether any new faunal province appeared in that direction.

For 10 miles or more below Selinsgrovethe Susquehanna River cuts 

across the folds of the Paleozoic rocks, approximately at right angles 

to the strike. A very good section is exposed on the east bank of the 

river, between the mouth of Hollowing Run and Selinsgrove Junction, 

extending down to the Salina. The beds dip to the south at from 35° 

to 45°. The strike is S. 70° W. magnetic.

Only the upper Devonian part of this section was studied by the 

writer. Beginning with the lowest beds studied, the section exposed 

along the railway is as follows:

Section 1454 A, at Hollowing Run, Pa.

	Ft. in. 

29. Tough olive sandy shale with few fossils............................... 20 0

28. Tough olive sandy shale with fossils.................................. 10 0

27. Hard olive to grayish sandy beds, apparently barren.................. 70 0

26. Hard olive-grayish sandy beds with fossils..,...._..................... 10 0

25. Shaly dark olive sandy 'beds with occasional bands of crinoid steins and

Stictopora ........................................................ 170 0

24. Olive-gray sandy shale...... '. ....................................... 5 0

23. Dark olive sandy beds ........................:..................... 65 0

22. Band of Stictopora .................................................. 0 2

21. Dark olive sandy beds .............................................. 100 0

20. Hard olive-gray sandy beds with fossils .............................. 10 0

19. Hard olive-gray sandy beds.......................................... 90 0

18. Bed of closely crowded shells........................................ 0 4

17. Bluish-gray hard sandy beds, weathering brownish, with occasional

	fossils............................................................ 125 0

16. Bluish-gray shaly sandy beds with lamellibranch fauna............... 5 0

15. Dark gray sandy shales............................................... 50 0

14. Dark gray shaly sandstone, weathering splintery...................... 10 0

13. Dark bluish sandy shale and thin-bedded sandstone, apparently barren. 200 0

12. Same as above, but containing a few fossils........................... 20 0

11. Dark bluish somewhat sandy shale .................................. 30 0

10. Dark bluish-gray shales with some hard intercalated sandy beds ....... 110 0

9. Covered 285 paces, estimated thickness............................... 400 0

8. Bluish-gray shale................ 1.................................. 5 0

7. Covered.........................!.................................. 18 0

6. Dark fossiliferous shale. ............................................ 5 0

5. Dark somewhat sandy shale......................................... 220 0

4. Covered for 40 paces, estimated thickness ............................ 75 0

3. Dark sandy shales with ferruginous concretions....................... 90 0

2. Dark sandy shales.................................................. 15 0

 1. Dark sandy shale and yellow sandstone .............................. 35 0
88 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

FAUNULES OF THE HOLLOWING RUN SECTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

Zones 1-8 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A], The dark shales of the 

upper five of these zones contain Spirifer pennatus, Tropidoleptus 

carinatus, Chonetes coronatus, and other characteristic species of the 

Hamilton formation in abundance. The purpose of the present investigation being the study of the faunas above the Hamilton, to Avhich 

these zones belong, detailed collections were not made from them.

Zone 9 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A}. This zone is concealed. 

The 400 feet which White estimated it to represent probably include 

the Genesee shales and some of the Hamilton beds.

Zone 10 of Hollowing Run section (145Jt A). The 110 feet of beds of 

this zone appear to be entirely barren. Their lithological characters, 

together with their position in the section, indicate that they belong 

to the Nunda (Portage) formation.

Zone 11 of Hollowing Run section (llft^A). The 30 feet of shales 

of this zone hold the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 11 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r. rare.]

1. Cladochonus sp. (r).

2. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis (a).

3. Buchiola speciosa (c).

4. Palseoneilo filosa (r).-

5. Macrodon cf. hamiltonise (r).

This faunule, like the following, is distinctly Nunda in composition. 

Zone 12 of Hollowing Run section (14-54-A). This zone contains the 

following faunule:

Faunule of zone 12 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A),.

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Aulopora sp. (c).

2. Keticularia Icevis (r).

3. Leda diversa (r).

4. Coleolus acicula (r).

5. Orthoceras bebryx var. cayuga (r).

6. Goniatites sp. (r).

Reticularia Is&tns is represented by two well-preserved individuals. 

The beds containing this interesting species outcrop 22 paces above 

milepost 132.

Zone 13 of Hollowing Run section (11+5If. A). The 200 feet following 

the last zone appears to be barren.

Zone 14 of Hollowing Rwi section (14&4 -4)- This zone contains the 

following species:
Wl KINDLE? ] FAUNULE8 OF HOLLOWING BUN SECTION. 89

Faunule of zone 14 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A).

[a, abundant; r, rarti.]

1. Cladochonus sp. (r).

2. Crinoid steins (r).

3. Schizophoria striatula (r).

4. Leiorhynchus mesieostale (a).

5. Grammysia sp. (r).

6. Nuculasp. (r).

7. Modiomorpha cf. neglecta (r).

8. M. subalata var. chemungensis (r

9. Pleurotornaria capillaria (r).

10. Manticoceras sp.

Zone 15 of Hollowing Run section (1454 £) No fossils were obtained 

from this zone, which appears to be nearly barren.

Zone 16 of Hollowing Run section (145 4 A). Five feet of shaly beds 

afford the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 16 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A}. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Cladochonus sp. (r).

2. Crinoid stems (c).

3. Cystodictya meeki (c).

4. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) inter- 

	strialis (a).

5. Chonetes scitalus (c).

6. Productella hallana (r).

7. P. speciosa (c).

8. Pugnax pugnus (c).

9. Cryptonella cf. eudora (r).

10. Atrypa reticularis (c).

11. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (c).

12. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (a).

13. Grammysia subarcuata (r).

14. G. sp. (r).

15. Spathella typica (r).

16. Nucula corbuliformis (r).

17. Palteoneilo plana (r).

18. Leda cf. obscura (r).

19. Mytilarca carinata (r).

20. Actinopteria epsilon (r).

21. Sclmodua chemungensis var. quadrangularis (r).

22. Pterinopecten sp. (c).

23. Modiornorpha subalata (r).

24. M. subalata var. cheinungensis (r).

25. Murchisonia sp. (r).

26. Platyceras cf. conicum (r).

(One small individual is referred 

doubtfully to this species.)

27. Tentaculites spiculus (r).

28. Coleolus acicula (c).

29. Manticoceras complanatum (c). 

10. M. sp.

This faunule displays very clearly the characteristics of the Ithaca 

fauna. All of the brachiopods occur in the Ithaca fauna, and most of 

the other species are known in it. The presence of Productella 

hallana, a rare species in eastern faunas, is noteworthy.

Zone 17 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A). One hundred and 

twenty-five feet of sandy beds, containing very few fossils, succeed 

the last zone.

Zone 18 of Hollo-wing Ran section (14$4 -A). At the-top of zone 17 

are 4 inches of closely crowded shells, which contain the following 

species:

Faunule of zone 16' of Hollowing Rim section (1454 A}.

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis (c).

2. Productella speciosa (c).

3. Schizophoria striatula (a).

4. Cryptonella eudora (r).

5. Atrypa reticularis (a).

6. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (a).

7. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (a).

8. Nuculacf. corbuliformis (r).
90 CONTBIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

Zone 19 of Hollowing Run section (1454- A). The 90 feet of beds 

above zone 18 contain few fossils.

Zone W of Hollowing Run section (1454- A.). The species comprising 

the faunule of this zone are the following:

Faunule of zone 20 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Cystodictya raeeki (a).

2. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis (r).

3. Atrypa reticularis (c).

4. Spirifer pennatus var. posterus (a).

5. Spathella typica (r).

6. Palaeoneilo plana (r).

.7. Macrodon sp. nov. (r).

8. Pterinea cf. reproba (r.)

Zone 21 of Hollowing Run section (14&4 A). About 100 feet of 

dark-olive sandstone, having very few fossils, follow the last zone.

Zone'®® of Hollowing Run section (1454 A). A 2-inch band, composed principally of a mass of Cystodictya. affords the following species:

Faunule of zone 22 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A ). 

[a, abundant; r, rare.]

1. Cystodictya meeki (a).

2. Crinoid stems (r).

3. Productella speciosa (r).

4. Pugnax pugnus (r).

5. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

6..PaJseoneilo sp. (r).

These species are all forms well known in the Ithaca fauna. It is to 

be noted that Pugnax pugnus occurs repeatedly in this section, as it 

does in the Catawissa and Ithaca sections.

Zone 23 of Hollowing Run section (14$4 A). Above zone 22 are 65 

feet of sandy beds, holding few fossils.

Zone 24 of Hollowing Run section (14&4 A}. The following species 

are from 5 feet of olive-gray shales:

Faunule of zone H of Hollowing Run section (1454 A)

1. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis, (common).

2. Schizophoria striatula (abundant).

3. Atrypa reticularis (common).

Zone 25 of Hollowing Ran section (14&4 A}. One hundred and seventy feet of dark olive sandy beds, barren, except for occasional bands 

of crinoid stems or Cystodictya, follow the last zone.

Zone 26 of Hollowing Run section (1454 A). The 10 feet of beds 

comprising this zone afforded only a single species, Schizophoria 

striatula which is rare.

Zone 27 of Hollowing Run. section (14&4 A). Sandy beds, 70 feet 

thick and apparently barren, follow the last zone.

Zone 28 of Hollowing Run section (14&4 A). Only two species, Productella cf. speciosa and Atrypa cf. reticularis^ could be recognized in 

this zone. They are rare.

WIIKITNDLEAND]COBEELATION OF HOLLOWING BUN SECTION. 91

Zone 29 of Hollowing Run section (1454- -4)- Twenty feet of tough 

olive sandy shale, apparently barren of fossils, terminate the section.

Exposures cease before the "red beds" are reached. South of 

Hollowing Run no important outcrops appear until the axis of Little 

Mountain is passed, when the red Catskill beds, on the south side of 

the syncline, are seen dipping to the north.

FORMATIONAL CORRELATION OF HOLLOWING RUN SECTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

The bearing of the detailed paleontological data given in the preceding pages on the correlation of the section may be briefly summed up.

Zones 11 and 12 of the writer's section represent a portion of No. 8 

of White's section, which he called the "Genesee shale." These beds 

have been found to hold a fauna which is distinctively Nunda. The 

physical characteristics of the beds, which are hard and slaty instead

of fissile, confirm the evidence of the fossils and indicate that the lower 

beds of the section above the concealed interval (No. 9) should be 

referred to the Nunda formation.

The beds above the Genesee shale of 'White were referred by him 

to the Chemung. a The supposed discovery of Spirifer disjunctus in 

the section was apparently the reason for this correlation. A careful 

examination of every part of the section by the writer failed to discover any trace of that species. Since it was reported to occur in 

great numbers, it could hardly have been overlooked. The .fauna 

which was secured at this horizon has such a distinctly Ithaca character that it is nearly certain that the determination of the form listed 

as Sp. disjunctus by White was an error. The presence of such 

species as Sp. pennatus var. posterus, Productella speciosa, and Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) interstrialis, together with the absence of 

characteristic jChemung species, affords satisfactory and precise data for 

correlating with the Nunda (Portage) formation, including the Ithaca 

member, all of this section lying above the Genesee, which appears to 

belong in the concealed interval.

No very striking differences appear between this section and the 

Catawissa section. On the contrary, there are some interesting 

similarities. The comparatively rare forms Reticularia l&vis and 

P-ugnaxpugnus are found in both sections. A few recurrent Hamilton 

species occur in each. Cyrtina hatniltontnsis is common in both sections. 'No notable geographical changes in the faunas appear, both 

sections belonging to the same faunal province.

aSecond Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Kept., G 7, p. 360.
92 CONTEIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

COMMENTS ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF THE HOLLOWING RUN

SECTION.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

The main fauna, ranging from zone 11 to 28 of this section, presents 

a general similarity to the fauna in the middle part (zones 10 to 33) of 

the Catawissa section. If the horizons in which Reticularia Is&vis 

first occurs be regarded as equivalent in the two sections, the 100-foot 

portion of the Catawissa section, including zones 21 to 26, is separated 

from the Reticularia Isavis zone by something over 300 feet, the corresponding 100-foot portion of the Hollowing Run section contains a 

t}7 pical Ithaca fauna, and the central part of the tj^pical fauna of the 

Ithaca member lies about the same distance above the conspicuous 

Reticularia leevis zone at the foot of Fall Creek section at Ithaca. It 

is to be noted that Productella hallana occurs with Pugnax pugnus in 

zone 16, as is the case in the typical Ithaca fauna of Ithaca. 05

This upper fauna of the Hollowing Run section can be thus undoubtedly correlated with the fauna of the Ithaca member of the Nunda 

(Portage) formation. The association with it of such forms as Cladochonus, Buoliiola speciosa, and G-oniatites indicate the mingling of 

species of the typical Nunda sedimentation with the richer Ithaca 

fauna.

THE UEKOY SECTION, BKADFOBD COUNTY, PA.

Leroy is in Bradford County, Pa., about 22 miles south of the New 

York line. It is about midway between the previously described Catawissa section and Ithaca, N. Y., but lies a few miles to the west of a 

north-south line connecting these points. Four sections in the vicinity 

of Leroy, which together exhibit nearly all of the outcropping beds to

the Permsylvanian series, have been carefully measured, and taken 

together are called the Leroy section. These subsections, which will 

be described separately, are the Gulf Brook, Granville Center, 

Towanda Narrows, and South Mountain sections.

THE GULF BROOK SECTION.

By E. M. KINDLK

Gulf Brook enters the valley of Towanda Creek at Leroy, through 

a post-Glacial gorge which cuts directly across the strike of the Chernung rocks, exposing a section which the State geologist of Pennsylvania has called "the best section of the formation that we have in 

Pennsylvania.""

aBull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 3, pp. 18-19.

6 Summary Final Kept. Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, vol. 2, p. 1448.
WILLIAMS AND] GULF BKOOK SECTION. 93

Mr. A. T. Lilley, of Leroy, published a description of the Gulf 

Brook section in 1886. a Lilley's section was republished by Lesley in 

>1892. 6 The writer is indebted to Mr. Lilley, who generously assisted 

in remeasuring and in collecting from the several zones of the section. 

Beds 63 to 66 of Lilley's section are omitted from the present section, 

since it is intended to include only those shown in the continuous section of Gulf Brook Gorge. The position of these beds with reference 

to the rest of the section, moreover, is problematical, since they outcrop in a horizontal position about 2 miles north of the Gulf Brook 

Gorge, near the axis of the Towanda anticline. The beds of the 

Leroy section dip to the south at angles varying from a maximum of 

60° or more at the south end of the gorge to 5° or 6° at the north end, 

and expose the following strata:

Section 1455 A at Gulf Brook, Bradford County, Pa.

Ft. in.

99. Olive-gray sandy shale.............- -...................'............_. 90 0

98. Olive-gray flags...................................................... 12 0

97. Olive-gray sandy shale............................................... 40 0

96. Calcareous gray sandstone............................................ 1 0

95. Brownish to olive, thin-bedded sandstone .............................. 6 0

94. Olive sandy shale and thin-bedded sandstone.......................... 20 0

93. Hard gray flagstone.................................................. 8 0

92. Olive sandy shale.................................................... 28 0

91. Reddish and gray sandy beds......................................... 10 0

90. Reddish sandy beds ................................................. 14 0

89. Olive-gray shelly sandstone .......................................... 12 0

88. Olive-green sandy shale.............................................. 9 0

87. Gray limestone'...................................................... 0 4

86. Argillaceous green and reddish shale.................................. 7 -0

85. Hard dark-red and mottled red and green bed......................... 3 0

84. Soft argillaceous red shale............................................ 3 0

83. Covered ...'......................................................... 15 0

82. Hard red sandy beds ................................................ 5 0

81. Dark-red ferruginous beds............................................ 3 6

80. Dark-red to greenish sandy beds...................................... 5 0

79. Dark-red low-grade iron ore.......................................... 3 6

78. Dark-red to purple and gray sandy beds............................... 9 0

77. Greenish shale and hard bluish-gray thin-bedded sandstone ............ 20 0

76. Dark-colored shale with bands of iron ore.....;....................... 4 0

75. Reddish crinoidal limestone.......................................... 3 0

74. Olive sandy shale.................................................... 8 6

73. Reddish limestone........................-.....-......:............. 10 0

72. Olive-gray sandy shale with calcareous bands.......................... 17 0

71. Olive-green shaly sandstone, weathering brown, containing small chalco-

	pyrite crystals. .................................................... 3 0

70. Hard bluish-gray to olive sandstone................................... 20 0

69. Reddish to gray sandstone with limestone bands....................... 4 0

68. Olive-gray shaly sandstone ..... ....................:................. 20 0

aProc. Am. Philos.Soc., vol. 23, pp. 291-293. .

b Summary Final Eept. Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, vol. 2, pp. 1448-1450. 

Bull. 244 05 7
94 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. .[BOLL.244.

. Ft. in.

67. Black ferruginous sandstone.......................................... 5 0

66. Olive-gray sandy shale and shaly sandstone ........................... 9 0

65. Dark greenish-purple limestone....................................... 4 0'

64. Greenish-gray shaly sandstone and shale.............................. 15 0

63. Cross-bedded purple limestone........................................ 5 0

62. Reddish-brown sandy beds with calcareous band near middle........... 4 \.6

61. Olive-gray thin-bedded sandstone, rough-bedded, with occasional dullbrownish beds (top of fall)......................................... 27 0

60. Dark-purple sandstone............................................... 2 0

59. Gray sandstone...................................................... 2 ' 0

58. Gray limestone with shell fragments abundant.......................... 1 0

57. Grayish-drab shaly sandstone ........................................ 9 0

56. Dark-purple sandstone.............'.................................. 2 0

55. Greenish sandstone....................................... r .......... 2 0

54. Reddish-brown sandstone with crinoid stems.......................... 1 0

53. Shaly olive-gray sandstone .....................'...................... 9 0

"52. Red highly ferruginous bed with crinoid stems and shell fragments..... 3 0

51. Dark brownish-purple sandstone with shell fragments and crinoid stems.. 8 0

50. Tough thin-bedded olive-gray sandstone .............................. 13 0

49. Tough thin-bedded olive-gray sandstone ............................... 10 0

48. Shaly sandstone and shale with occasional beds of hard sandstone ...... 55 0

47. Tough thin-bedded sandstone and hard sandy shale.................... 5 0

46. Dark-gray to olive-green sandy shale and shaly sandstone.............. 100 0

45. Bluish drab sandy shale with two bands of shaly sandstone 10 inches

. thick, containing lowest Spirifer disjundus........................... 10 0

44. Grayish-drab sandy shale and shaly sandstone with large concretions

near base................... '. ...................................... 65

43. Hard sandy drab-colored shale ....................................... 5

42. Shaly grayish-drab sandstone .. 1..................................... 70

41. Hard greenish thin-bedded, ripple-marked sandstone .................. 35

40. Grayish-drab shaly sandstone ........................................ 75

39. (Upper part) Drab thin-bedded sandstone and shale................... 15 0

38. Gray limestone composed of shell fragments........................... 2 0

37. Bluish-drab sandstone and shale...................................... 50 0

36. Bluish-gray shale with hard sandstone layers at intervals .............. 15 0

35. Olive-gray shale..................................................... 6 0

34. Dark sandy shale and shaly sandstone ................................ 25 0

33. (Near middle) Dark-gray to bluish shaly sandstone and shale .......... 60 0

32. Dark shale.......................................................... 4 0

31. Tough olive-colored sandstone........................................ 2 6

30. Thin-bedded gray sandstone.......................................... 33 0

29. Dark bluish-gray shale............................................... 15 0

28. Bluish shaly sandstone with crinoid stems ............................ 4 0

27. Dark bluish-gray sandy shale with bands of sandstone................. 14 .0

26. Grayish-brown fine-grained sandstone................................. 1 8

25. Dark-grayish sandy shale ............................................ 6 0

24. Bluish-gray limestone................................................ 0 6

. 23. Dark sandy shale and shaly sandstone ................................ - 8 0

22. Bluish-gray shale and shaly sandstone ................................ 9 0

21. Bluish-gray sandy shale.............................................. 12 0

20. Bluish-gray flags ..................................................... 10 .0

19. Covered (to mouth of gorge) ..,,,,,,........'..... ..................... 10 0
W-IliLlAMS 

KINDLE.;fND] GULF BROOK SECTION. " 95

	Ft. in. 

18. Dark-gray sandy shale and flags ........_.......,....'............_.... 14 0

17. Bluish-gray sandy shale.............................................. 1 3

16. Hard bluish-gray sandstone .......................................... 1 6

15. Dark bluish-gray shale.................................................. 3 0

14. Dark bluish-gray sandy shale, partly covered.......................... 12 0

13. Bluish-gray hard sandy limestone .................................... 0 9

12. Olive-gray sandy shale............................................... 6 0

11. Covered (to forks of brook).......................................... 60 0

10. Soft olive-green shale nearly barren of fossils .......................... 20 0

9. Soft olive-green shale ................................................. 3 0

8. Hard olive-green sandstone .......................................... 0 6

7. Soft olive-green shale, interstratiried with harder sandy beds ........... 10 0

6. Soft olive-green sandy shale.......................................... 5 0

5. Covered and sandstone .............................................. 3 6

4. Hard flaggy dark-brown sandstone ................................... 0 6

3. Covered ..................I......................................... 4 0

2. Hard sandy olive shale ............'.................................. 0 6

1. Soft olive-gray clay shale. .................--.------ --- ----.------- 1 6

The most important stratigraphical feature of the Gulf Brook section 

is the belt of limestone bands associated with purple shales and sandstones in the upper part of the section, comprising zones 58 to 75. 

This limestone belt is a constant feature over most of the western half 

of Bradford County, where it affords a most important key to the 

stratigraphy of the region. Sherwood applied the name Burlington 

limestone to its outcrops on the north side of the Towanda anticline 

near Burlington/' Since this name is preoccupied for a division of the 

Carboniferous of the Mississippi Valley, it is proposed to substitute 

the name Franklindale, because the beds are best exposed in the Gulf 

Brook section west of Franklindale.

Although the section shows no conglomerate horizon, a 6-foot bed 

of coarse conglomerate caps a hill about a mile west of the section. 

This conglomerate lies perhaps 300 feet below the Franklindale beds, 

which outcrop near it.

A band of conglomerate 8 or 10 inches thick outcrops one-third of 

a mile east of Gulf Brook, which lies a very little higher than the 

highest zone of that section.

In the road, li miles west of Leroy, is an outcrop of a bed of iron 

ore which was supposed by Sherwood to be identical with a bed 

exposed near the top of the Gulf Brook section. 6 Claypole'has 

clearly shown that it lies, as Lilley first pointed out, at a considerably 

higher horizon, which he estimated at "perhaps 250 feet.'1 The 

writer's measurements show a thickness of 284 feet of strata in the 

Gulf Brook section above the highest bed that approaches an ore 

in composition. The ore in question must therefore lie at Leroy somea Second Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, Kept. G 37.

blbid., p. 36. . ' '

cProc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 20, 1883, p. 530.
96 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

where in the concealed interval which separates the Gulf Brook and 

South Mountain sections, probably 300 feet.or more above the ferruginous zone No. 81 of the former section.

FAUNULES OF THE GULF BROOK SECTION.

Zone 1 of Gulf Brook section (11^5 A). The species found in the 

18 inches of olive-gray clay shale comprising the lowest zone of this 

section are as follows:

Faunule of zone 1 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Crinoid stems (r).

2. Chonetes lepidus (r).

3. C. setigerus'(c).

4. Productella sp. (r).

5. Camarotoechia cf. eximia (r).

6. Ambocoelia gregaria (c).

7. Edmondia subovata (r).

8. Pholadella radiata r.

9. Nucula corbuliformis (r).

10. Paleeoneilo cf. bisulcata (r).

11. P. cf. elongata (r).

12. Leptodesma spinigerum (r).

13. Cypricardella gregaria (a).

14. Tentaculites bellulus (a).

15. Conularia congregata (r).

Of the 13 species which are specifically identified in this list, 8 have 

been recorded from the Ithaca fauna. Some of these, as 9 and 10, are 

recurrent Hamilton species.

Zone % of Gulf Brook section (1J^5 A). The 6-inch zone following 

Al contains the following species:

Faunule of zone % of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Chonetes lepidus (r).

2. Camarotcechia stephani (r).

3. Amboccelia gregaria (a).

4. Leptodesma spinigerum (r).

5. L. sp. (r).

6. Leiopteria sp. (r).

7. Goniophora chemungensis (c).

Zone 3 of Gulf Brook section (llfiB A). This zone is concealed. 

Zone 4 of Gulf Brook section (llfid A}.-. The 6 inches of sandstone 

of this zone holds the following fauna:

Faunule of zone 4 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Chonetes lepidus (r).

2. C. setigerus (c).

3. Ambocoelia gregaria (r).

4. Nucula cf. bellistriata (r).

5. N. corbuliformis (c).

6. Palaeoneilo bisulcata var. (c).

7. P. constricta (a).

8. P. perplana (c).

9. P. plana (a).

10. P. cf. tenuistriata (r).

11. Leptodesma spinigerum (c).

12. Schizodussp. (r).

13. Goniophora chemungensis (r).

14. Cypricardella gregaria (c).
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

.1. LO/.'c.bT LIV.E3TONE C F F RAN K LI N DALE BEDS. 

Part of Gulf Brook section, Pennsylvania.

IULLETIN NO. 244- PL. 1

1$. OSWAYO (POCONO) FORMATk,i,. 

Zone 12 of South Mountain section, Pennsylvania.
] FAONULES OF GULF BROOK SECTION. 97

Zone 5 of Gulf Brook section (14-55 A). Three and a half inches of 

beds above zone 4 are concealed.

 Zone 6 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). The 5 inches, of soft olive 

shale of this zone afford the following species:

 Faunule of zone 6 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

1. Lingula sp. (rare).

2. Pholadella radiata (rare).

3. Leptodesma spinigerum (abundant).

The first of these species is extremely abundant, practically excluding other forms. The three individuals of the third species are 

smaller than specimens figured by Hall. Radiating striae are absent 

from one of them.

Zone 7 of Gulf 'Brook section (1455 A). No fossils were collected 

from this zone.

Zone 8 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone affords thefol-. 

lowing faunule:

Faunule of zone 8 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). 

[a, abundant; r, rare.]

3. Arnboccelia gregaria (a).

4. Goniophora chemungensia (r).

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (r).

2. Delthyris mesicostalis (r).

Zone 9 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). The 3 inches of shale 

immediately following the last zone contain the following species:

1. Elymella sp. (rare).

2. Sphenotus solenoides (common).

3. Leptodesma spinigerum (rare).

Zones 10 to 12 of Gulf Brook section (1455"A). No fossils were 

obtained from these three zones.

Zone 13 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). A 9-inch band of hard 

sandy limestone contains the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 13 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). 

f a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Trematopora sp. (c).

2. Chonetes setigerus (c).

3. Delthyris mesicostalis (a).

4. Ambocoelia gregaria (a).

5. Leptodesma spinigerum (r).

6. Conularia sp. (r).

D. mesicostalis has a well-developed median septum in the ventral 

valve.

Zone 14 of Gulf Brook, section (1^55 A). No fossils were collected 

from this zone!
98 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

Zone 15 of G-ulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone contains the 

following faunule:

Faunule of zone 15 of Gulf Brook section (1465 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

7. Leptodesma sp. (r.).

8. Palseoneilo cf. emarginata (r).

9. Cypricardella cf. bellistriata (r).

10. C. tennis (r).

11. Conularia cf. congregata (r).

1. Psilophyton sp. (r).

2. Dignomia alveata? (c).

3. Chonetes setigerus (c).

4. Ambocoelia gregaria (c).

5. Spathella typica (c).

6. Palseanatina cf. typa (r).

Zones 16 to 19 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Fossils are scarce 

in these zones. No collections were made.

Zone 20 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Ten feet of flaggy sandstone afforded the three following species:

Faunule of zone 20 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

1. Productella arctirostrata (rare).

2. Amboccelia gregaria (abundant).

3. Leptodesma sp. (rare).

Zone 21 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone contains the 

following species:

Faunule of zone 21 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

L. Productella speciosa (rare).

2. Delthyris mesicostalis (common).

3. Ambocoelia gregaria (abundant).

The specimens of D. mesicostalis show a double fold on the brachial 

valve and *a plication in the sinus.

Zone 22 of Gulf Brook section {1455 A). The faunule of this zone 

includes the following forms:

Faunule of zone 2$ of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

1. Orthothetes cf. chemungensis (rare).

2. Productella speciosa (common).

3. Delthyris mesicostalis (common).

Zone 23 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone afforded no 

fossils.

Zone 24 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). A 6-inch band of limestone contains the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 24 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A), 

fa, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

2. Chonetes sp. (r).

3. Productella speciosa (r).

4. Dalmanella carinata (c).

5. Atrypa sginosa (r).

6. Spirifer mesistrialis.

7. Delthyris mesicostalis (c).

8. Ambocoelia gregaria (a).

9. Palaeoneilo bisulcata (r).

10. Goniophora cf. chemungensis (r).

11. Orthoceras sp. (r).

12. Dinichthys cf. tuberculatus (c).

13. Onychodus sp. (r).
WILLIAMS AND"!

" KINDLE. J FAUNULE3 OF GULF BROOK SECTION. 99

The occurrence in this zone of Sp. mesistrialis, associated with D. 

mesicostalis, is noteworthy since in normal sections the first form precedes the latter, the reverse of the order of their appearance in this 

section. The two forms have been very seldom found in association.

Zones %5 and 26 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). The 26 feet of 

beds comprising these zones are nearly barren of fossils.

Zone 27 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 27 of Gulf Brook section- (1465 A}. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (r).

2. Chonetes setigerus (a).

3. Spirifer mesistrialis (r).

4. Delthyri's tnesicostalis (r).

5. Arnbocoelia gregaria (a).

6. Leptodesma cf. spinigerum (c).

Zone 28 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A}. Crinoid stems are the only 

fossils recognized in this zone.

Zone 29 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Fossils are scarce at this 

horizon; the following species occur rarely:

Faunule of zone 29 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). .

, 1. Crinoid stems. 

2. Chonetes setigerus.

3. Camarotoechia sp;

4. Palseoneilo sp.

Zones 30 to 32 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). These beds are 

nearly barren of fossil remains.

Zone 33 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Fossils are scarce at this 

horizon, only three species being secured, namely:

Faunule of zone 88 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (rare).

2. Productella speciosa (common).

3. Delthyris mesicostalis (common).

Zone 34 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Twenty-five feet of barren, thin-bedded sandstone follows the last zone.

Zone 35 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Six feet of gray shale 

afford the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 35 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (a).

2. Chonetes setigerus (c).

3. Schizophoria striatula (c).

4. Spirifer cf. mesistrialis (r).

5. Delthyris mesicostalis (c).

6. Ambocoelia gregaria (c).

7. P.aleeoneilo sp.

8. Leptodesma spinigerum (c).
100 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

Zone 36 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A}. The following species 

characterize this zone, which is composed of 2 feet of impure limestone 

composed of shell fragments:

Faunule of zone 86 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A}.

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

7. Orthonota parvula (r).

8. Spathella typica (r).

9. Edmondia cf. subovata (r).

10. Palaeoneilo contracta (r).

11. Cypricardella gregaria (r).

12. Tentaculites cf. bellulus (r).

1. Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia) perplana var. nervosa (a).

2. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

3. Productella speciosa (c).

4. Schizophoria striatula (r).

5. Spirifer mesistrialis (r).

6. Delthyris mesicostalis (c).

Zone 37 of G^df Brook section (1455 A). Fifty feet of barren sandstone beds succeed the last zone.

Zone 38 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone contains the 

following faunule:

Faunule of zone 38 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). 

[a, abundant; r, rare.]

1. Orbiculoidea lodiensis var. media (r).

2. Cainarotoechia stephani (a).

3. Sphenotus sp. (r).

4. Spathella sp. (r).

5. Nucula cf. varicosa (r).

6. Nucula sp. (r).

7. Palaeoneilo sp. (r).

8. Leptodesma sp. (r).

9.. Modiella pygmaea (r).

10. Modiomorpha subalata (r).

Zone 39 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone holds the following meager faunule:

Faunule of zone 39 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common,]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (a).

2. S. (Leptostrophia) perplana var. nervosa (a).

3. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

4. Spirifer mesistrialis (a).

Zones 40 to 4® of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). These zones comprise 180 feet of nearly barren beds.

Zone 43 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). The following faunule 

occurs in 5 feet of sandy shale:

Faunule of zone 43 of Gulf Brook, section (1455 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Crinoid joints (c).

2. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (a).

3. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

4. Camarotcechia cf. eximia (r).

5. Delthyris mesicostalis (r).

6. Cypricardella gregaria (r).
] FAUNULES OF GULF BEOOK SECTION. 101

Mr. H. S. Williams makes the following statement concerning the 

occurrence of Camarotwchia cf. eximia: .

There begins at zone 43 a fauna presenting some new features. The Camawtcechia 

is reported as C. cf. eximia. It resembles the form described by Hall as Rhynchonella 

contracta var. saxatilis which is said to present valuable characters connecting 

forms clearly referred to the New York species, R. contracta, and to young forms 

of R. eximia. The specimens in the Leroy Brook zone are small in size and resemble 

young forms of R. eximia, but some of the larger sized specimens may be referred to 

R. contracta. In the calcareous beds the smaller sized specimens are abundant. In the 

shale and ferruginous bands the form called contracta, with somewhat coarser and 

fewer plication and more abrupt and decided fold and sinus appears.

Zone 44 of G-ulf Brook section (1455 A). Sixty-five feet of barren 

beds follow the zone 43.

Zone 4.6 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A), This zone contains the 

following species:

, Faunule of zone 45 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

1. Camarotcechia cf. eximia (abundant).

2. Spirifer disjunctus (abundant).

3. Dipterussp. (rare).

This faunule is interesting, because Sp. disjunctus makes its first 

appearance in the section at this horizon.

Zone 46 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Zone 45 is followed by 

100 feet of nearly barren beds.

Zone 47 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Only one species, Spirifer 

disjunctus, was found at this horizon.

Zone 48 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone is composed of 

55 feet of barren sandy beds.

Zone 49 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Resting on the preceding 

zone are 10 feet of thin-bedded sandstones containing the following 

species:

Faunule of zone 49 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

1. Camarotoechia cf. eximia (rare).

2. Spirifer disjunctus (rare).

3. Leptodesma sp. (rare).

- Zones 50 to 59 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). These zones include 

the lowest "red beds" of the section, which are dull red to purplish 

rather than red. The fossils occuring in them are mostly fragmentary 

in character.

'Zone 60 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). The 2 feet of dark purple 

sandstone of this zone contain Camarotcechia cf. eximia and Spirifer 

disjunctus. Both species are abundant.
102 CONTRIBUTIONS TO .DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244:

Zone 61 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Twenty-seven feet of thinbedded sandstone with very few fossils extend from the last zone to 

the top of the first waterfall.

Zone 62 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone, which lies at 

the top of the fall, contains Camarotmchia cf. eximia and Spirifw 

disjunctus. Both forms are common.

Zone 63 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone includes 5 feet 

of cross-bedded purple limestone tying near the top of the fall. Oamarotmcfiia cf. eximia is abundant and Spirifer disjunctus is common.

Zones 64 to 68 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). These zones contain 

comparatively few fossils.

Zone 69 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Four feet of reddish limestone at the foot of the falls contain the following species:

Faunule of zone 69 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A}. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Camarotoechia cf. eximia (a).

2. Cryptonella cf. eudora (a).

3. Spirifer disjunctus (c).

4. Modiomorpha sp. (r).

The Cryptonella eudoi^a noted here is a much larger variety than 

that occurring in the Ithaca fauna; otherwise the two appear to be 

identical.

Zones 70 to 72 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). No collections were 

made from these zones. Fossils are scarce in them.

Zone 73 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Ten feet of reddish limestone near the lower end of the gorge contain the following fossils:

Faunule of zone 73 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

1. Fistulipora sp. (rare).

2. Camarotoechia cf. eximia (common).

3. Cryptonella eudora var. (rare).

4. Spirifer disjunctus (abundant).

The specimens of Sp. disjunctus are large, squarish, slightly convex shells with a wide, shallow sinus and slightly elevated fold.

Zones 74 to 77 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). These zones, which 

aggregate a thickness of 35 feet 6 inches, outcrop in a field a few rods 

east of the gorge. They contain at this point an abundant fish fauna, 

embracing the following species:

Faunule of zones 74 to 77 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A).

1. Holonema rugosa.

2. Bothriolepis minor.

3. Holoptychius filosus.

4. Coccosteus macromus.

The fishes listed from this zone were collected by Mr. A. T. Lilley 

and identified and described by Cope. a The fish remains are - most

«0n some new and little known Paleozoic vertebrates: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.,,vol. 30, 1892, pp.

221-228.
 J»r- - - - M--T%_-I».T. -_ -...-y-j,^....,.__TT. -irr»-_ _ _ _^ ________

W1LxSEAND ] FAUNTTLES OF GVJLF BROOK SECTION. 103

easily secured from the outcrop of the limestone in a field a few rods 

east of the brook.

Zone 78 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Above the fish beds are 

9 feet of purplish beds, from which no fossils were secured.

Zone 79 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). An arenaceous impure 

iron ore contains the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 79 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A}. 

[a, abundant; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

2. Camarotoechia cf. eximia (a).

3. Cryptonella cf. eudora (a).

4. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

The Cryptonellas are of very large size, as in the preceding zones. 

- Zones 80 to. 86 of G-ulf Brook section (1455 A). These zones contain 

very few fossils. Zone 87 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A), Four inches of gray 

limestone hold the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 87 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A}. 

, [a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

2. Camarotoechia cf. eximia (r).

3. Cryptonella eudora var. (a).

4. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

The shells of No. 4 have a high area, deep sinus, and prominent fold, 

the general contour of the shell presenting a strong contrast to the 

type of shell occurring in zone 73. The shells of 0. chemungensis 

are all small, none exceeding one-half inch in length.

Zone 88 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). Nine feet of barren shale 

follow the last zone.

Zone 89 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). This zone contains the 

following faunule:

Faunule of zone 89 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.].

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (r).

2. S. (Leptostrophia) perplana var. nervosa (r).

3. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

4. Schizophoria striatula (c).

5. Camarotoechia cf. eximia (c).

6. Atrypa spinosa (a).

7. Spirifer'disjunctus (r).

8. Sphenotus sp. (r).

9. Dipterus (Ctenodus) cf. flabelliformis 

(r).

Zones 90 to 95 of Gulf .Brook section (1455 A). These zones contain 

few fossils. No collections were made from them.
104 CONTKIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

Zone 96 of Gulf Brook section (ttfid A). This zone, comprising 

1 foot of fossiliferous sandstone, contains the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 96 of Gulf Brook section (1455 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Aulopora sp. (r).

2. Orthothetes chemurigensis (a).

3. Atrypa spinosa (r). . /

4. Spirifer disjunctus (c).

5. Leptodesma sp. (r).

This is the highest fossiliferous zone of the section. The beds 

following it, which extend to the lower end of the gorge, appear to 

be entirely barren.

GRANVILLE CENTER SECTION.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

One-half mile south of Granville Center 35 or 40 feet of gray, sandy 

shales and sandstone outcrop near the brow of the hill just west of the 

highway. This outcrop lies near the axis of the anticline and shows 

no dip. This locality is about 2 miles north of the Gulf Brook section, and the beds represent a horizon somewhere near the base of 

that section. The faunule which they contain includes the following 

species:

Faunule of Granville .Center section (1455 2?). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (r).

2. Chonetes scitulus (a).

3. Productella speciosa (r).

4. Dalmanella tioga (c).

5. Leiorhynchus sinuatunT(c).

6. Cryptonella sp. (c).

7. Atrypa aspera (c).

8. A. reticularis (c).

9. Spirifer mesistrialis (r).

10. Delthyris mesicostalis (a).

11. Ambocoelia gregaria (c).

12. Edmondia philipi (r).

13. E. subovata (r).

The presence in this fauna of such Hamilton species as Cypricardella gregaria, Nucula corluliformis, Pterinopecten vertumnus, and 

other species having close affinities to, if not identical with, Hamilton 

species is worthy of note. The general character of the fauna, however, indicates an horizon near the boundary between the Nunda and 

the Chemung faunas, but above the base of the Chemung formation. 

Jt contains six of the fifteen diagnostic Chemung species named on 

p. 57.

14. Nucula corbuliformis (r).

15. Palseoneilo plana (r).

16. Leptodesma lichas (a).

17. L. potens (c).

18. Leiopteria cf. sayi (a).

19. Pterinopecten vertumnus (r).

20. Goniophora chemungensis (c).

21. Cypricardella gregaria (c).

22. Bellerophon (Ptomatis?) rudis (c).

23. Pleurotomaria (Clathrospira?) capillaria (a).

24. Tentaculites cf. bellulus (a).

25. Manticoceras patersoni (r).

D] CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. 105 

SOUTH MOUNTAIN SECTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

A .small ravine descending from the summit of South Mountain, 

opposite Leroy, exposes a section directly across To wanda Creek Valley,, 

opposite the Gulf Brook section. The alluvium of the valley conceals 

about 450 feet of beds lying between the top of the Gulf Brook and the 

base of the South Mountain sections. About 300 feet of these concealed 

beds are exposed in the Towanda Narrows section. The South Mountain section continues the exposures of the previously described sections up to the Barclay coal bed. South Mountain is a synclinal 

mountain, and the strata on the north face, where this section was taken, 

have a very small dip to the south, the maximum being 10° at the base 

of the section. 

The section is as follows:

Section 1455 C, at South Mountain, Bradford County, Pa.

	Feet.

31. Hard, massive, white to gray coarse sandstone, locally conglomeratic (outcropping on south brow of mountain)................................. 20

30. Covered (estimated)................................................... 100

29. Thin-bedded gray sandstone...................... -...................'.. 6

28. Covered............................................................... 8

27. Shaly gray sandstone .................................................. 15

2(j. Gray calcareous sandstone with carbonate of iron concretions and clay fragments scattered throughout.......................................... 3

25. Grayish-green flags .................................................... 4

24. Red and green shale ................................................... 15

23. Red shale............................................................. 10

22. Green thin-bedded sandstone........................................... 40

21. Red shale ............................................................. 28

20. Green sandstone....................................................... 1

19. Red shale I............................................................ 5

18. Green thin-bedded sandstone........................................... 55

17. Red shale............................................................. 12

16. Green to gray flaggy sandstone ......... 1............................... 15

15. Red shale. ............................................................ 8

14. Green sandstone....................................................... 3

13. Red shale............................................................. 5

12. Flaggy green sandstone ......................'.......................... 105

11. Red shale.......... 1.....................:.........................:.. 6

10. Flaggy green micaceous sandstone ...................................... 110

9. Thin-bedded red and green sandstone.................................... 188

8. Reddish sandstone with fish remains............................. J...... 1

7. Thin-bedded red and green sandstone ............:...................... 72

6. Thin-bedded red sandstone (exposed in series of cascades)............... .115

6. Fish bed«............................................................. 2

5. Thin-bedded red sandstone............................................. 35

4. Shaly red sandstone.................................................... 25

"The fish bed, No. 6, was not seen in the section, but outcrops 300 yards to the west on the Rose 

Holcombe land.
106 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. _ [BOLL. 244.

Feet. 

3. Bed shale............................................................. 15

2. Shaly red sandstone with traces of plants ............................... 10

1. Covered from the level of Towanda Creek............................... 150

Total................................................................ l,lll

About 3 miles west of the South Mountain section 30 feet or more 

of dark-red shale outcrops in the Cold Spring road near the summit 

of the north face of the mduntain. This shale probably, belongs in 

the partly covered zones Nos. 28-30 of the above section and represents apparently the Mauch Chunk formation.

The peculiar calcareous bed, No. 26 of the section, agrees in its 

lithologic characters and horizon with a somewhat thicker bed of siliceous limestone in the Armenia Mountain and Tioga sections, viz, 

1458 B59, called the Armenia limestone lentil of the Oswayq formation (see 127).

FAUNA OF SOUTH MOUNTAIN SECTION.

Careful search failed to discover any invertebrate fossils in the beds 

of this section. Fish remains, however, occur in abundance in at 

least two horizons. In zone 6, about 16 inches of the bed consist 

Jargely of a mass of the plates of Bothriolepis leidyi. Fragments of 

fish plates, probably JS. leidyi, occur also in zone 8, 425 .feet above 

the base of the section. Above this no traces of animal remains were 

found.

TOWANDA NARROWS SECTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

At the "Narrows," about 1 mile below Franklindale post-office, 

Towanda Creek has exposed a series of beds lying somewhat higher 

than those which terminate the Gulf Brook section. The beds have a 

southerly dip which increases rapidly toward the north. The outcrops 

continue back to the limestone horizon of the Franklindale beds, along 

a small brook which joins Towanda Creek just above the "Narrows.'1 

This limestone of the Franklindale beds affords a good stratigraphic 

basis for the comparison of the two sections. Comparing the beds in 

the two sections, which lie above this horizon, it is seen that the 

Towanda Narrows section extends more than 300 feet above the top of 

Gulf Brook section. The following section begins with the^lowest 

t outcrops near the point where the highway crosses a small brook, onethird of a mile north of the "Narrows."

Section 1456 A, at Towanda Narrows.

Ft. in.

40. Soft olive-green shale ............................................... 10 0

39. Dull brownish-red sandstone ........................................ 15 0

38. Olive-gray to purple micaceous thin-bedded sandstone ................ 10 0

37. Eed shale....:....................................................... 3 0

36. Reddish-brown sandstone........................................... 1 8

35. Ked and green shale................................................ 15 Q
WILKiNDLEAND] TOWANDA NARROWS SECTION. 107

	Ft. in. 

34. Red to greenish sandstone and shale ................................. 6 0

33. Olive-gray micaceous sandstone, weathering brownish................. 25 0

32. Soft greenish sandy shale............................................ 6 0

31. Covered............................................................ 65 0

30. Olive-gray sandy shale .............................................. 12 0

29. Soft olive-gray shale ................................................. 10 0

28. Massive olive-brownish sandstone with large concretions at base....... 5 0

27. Reddish sandstone and olive-gray shale interbedded .................. 25 0

26. Olive-gray sandy shale.............................................. 28 0

25. Dark reddish-brown, thin-bedded sandstone with some thin layers of

greenish gray shale (dip 12° S.)................................... 40 0

24. Covered............................................................ 65 0

23. Bluish-gray flags (end of gorge, dip 25° S.)........................... 100 0

22. Olive-gray thin-bedded sandstone.................................... 190 0

21. Olive-gray to reddish shales ......................................... 40 0

20. Gray to reddish limestone........................................... 4 0

19. Red sandy shale..................................................... 4 0

18. Calcareous hard red sandstone....................................... 2 0

17. Gray to purple limestone............"..........-..................... 4 6

16. Hard olive-gray sandstone (dip 60° S.)............................... 15 0

15. Dark red, rather soft shale .......................................... 12 0

14. Olive-gray sandy beds .............................................. 10 0

13. Covered ........................................................... 6 0

12. Gray sandstone..................................................... 1 0

11. Red shaly sandstone................................................. 3 0

10. Gray to reddish thin-bedded sandstone .............................. 30 0

9. Dark-red sandstone................................................. 3 0

8. Bluish-gray fossiliferous limestone ................................... 1 0

7. Covered........---...-..--...-.....--.-.--............-..--....--.. 4 0

6. Bluish-gray sandstone, with Sp. disjunctus, etc......................... 4 0

5. Dark red-brown sandstone......................................:.... 3 6

4. Gray shale......-.--....--.--.......---.--...............-......... 0 6

3. Dark reddish-brown sandstone with much iron ....................... 3 0

2. Covered............................................................ 18 0

1. Gray sandy flags. ..................................................... 15 0

815 2 

FAUNA OF TOWANDA NARROWS SECTION.

Many zones of this section contain an abundance of fossils, but lack 

of time prevented a detailed study of them. Fossils were collected 

from but one zone, the highest in the section, which affords the 

following faunule :<

Faunule of zone 40 of Towanda Narrows section (1456 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orbiculoidea lodiensis var. media (r).

2. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

3. Productella lachrymosa (a).

4. Schizophoria striatula (c).

5. Camarotoechia stephani (a).

6. Cryptonella eudora (r).

7. Atrypa reticularis (r).

8. Delthyris mesicostalis (r).

9. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

10. Sphenotus sp. (r).

11. Leptodesma sp. (r).
108 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

The fauna is chiefly of interest as showing the presence of a Chemung fauna after, sediments of strongly Catskill type have made their 

appearance in the section.

FORMATIONAL CORRELATION OF LEROY SECTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

The sections which have been described from exposures in the 

vicinity of Leroy give a connected section from the Sharon conglomerate down to the lowest beds exposed in the Towanda anticline, 

aggregating a thickness of 2,902 feet. The section may be divided, 

with reference to its more prominent lithological characteristics, into 

the following divisions:

General divisions of the Leroy section.

Feet.

7. Coarse gray or white sandstone conglomerate (Sharon conglomerate)...... 20

6. Soft red shales (Mauch Chunk)......................................... 30

5. Ked and greenish sandstones and shales, green beds predominating

(Oswayo)............................................................ .712

4. Red and green sandstones and shales, the red beds predominating (Cattaraugus or Catskill)...........................J....................... 653

3. Drab-colored shales and sandstone with some highly ferruginous bands

(Chemung)..........................,..............._.............. 400

2. Purple or reddish sandstone and shale interbedded with heavy beds of

limestone (Franklindale beds) ........................................ 160

1. Gray arenaceous shales and thin bedded sandstones (Chemung) .......... 927

2,902

There is nothing in the uninterrupted sequence of sandy shales and 

sandstones which make up the first 900 feet of the section to lead to 

any sudden change in the faunas. We may therefore expect to find, 

as we do in this section, that many representatives of the Ithaca fauna

have continued on for some time after the appearance of Chemung 

types. The Ithaca fauna is an indigenous fauna in eastern New York, 

having been derived chiefly from the Hamilton. . The Chemung represents a later development of the same fauna with the addition of 

certain foreign forms, as Spirifer disjunct'us. This species first 

appears in the section about TOO feet above the base. Delthyris mesicostaliS) which is a characteristic Chemung form, appears near the 

base of the section. The Ithaca element of the fauna is seen in the 

presence of such forms as Sp. mesistrialis, which indicates an overlapping of the Chemung and Ithaca faunas. The appearance near the 

base of the" section of a form of so much zonal significance as Delthyris mesicostalis with well-developed medial septum seems to justify 

the correlation of the lowest division of the section with the Chemung. 

The Ithaca species which have transgressed the normal upper limit of 

that fauna nearly all disappear in the first 500 feet of the section, :
] CORRELATION .OF LEEOY SECTION. 109

The Chemung fauna continues for 800 feet above the lowest reddish 

beds. Its highest appearance is in beds which lithologically are of a 

decided Catskill type. Catskill fishes are found in the red shales after 

the Chemung fauna has entirely disappeared. These remains, however, do not continue to the upper limit of the Catskill type of sediments.

After the disappearance of Devonian fossils from the Leroy section 

the beds are entirely barren, so that there are no paleontological data 

for drawing the line between the Devonian and Carboniferous. In the 

absence of definite paleontological evidence the Devono-Carboniferous 

line may be drawn tentatively between divisions four and five of the 

generalized section, which corresponds to the base of the Oswayo 

the Pocono of the Pennsylvania survey. The evidence of sections 

farther west, to be described later, seems to favor this correlation.

COMMENTS ON CORRELATION OF THE LEROY SECTION.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

The first zone paleontologically includes the faunules 1 to 6 with 

Pholadella radiata and recalls the early stage of the Chemung as it 

appears in the Ithaca and Waverly quadrangles of New York, with a 

recurrent Hamilton fauna, and before the Chemung fauna is represented in full force.

From 7 up to 39 inclusive is a zone holding the 8tropheodonta 

(Douvillina) mucronata fauna with Delthyris mesicostalis, Spirifer 

inesistrialis, and J9almanella carinata, but without Spirifer disjunctus; 

while above, from faunule 43 to the top, Spirifer disjunctus occurs 

abundantly in almost all the fossiliferous zones, but the other spirifers 

are wanting and the pelecypods are rare compared with their frequent 

appearance in the lower zone.

It is probable that the first zone, including the lower 600 feet of 

this section, represents the fossiliferous zone which was called "Lower 

Chemung fauna" in 1884," while the second zone represents the "typical Chemung" of that classification and the 1,100 feet of sediment 

may carry the strata up as high or higher than the horizon where the 

red Catskill type of sedimentation first appears in the Bradford 

County section at Ulster. 6

The prominence of the calcareous beds, the dominance of Cryptonella in some zones, and the fish fauna are conspicuous features of 

this upper zone.

aTrans. Am.Inst. Min. Eng., vol. 16, p. 946. Also quoted in Doctor Kindle's paper on the Relation of 

the fauna of the Ithaca group to the faunas of the Portage and Chemung, Bull. Am. Paleontology, 

vol. 2,1896, p. 9.

6On the fossil faunas of the upper Devonian along the meridian of 76° 30' from Tompkins County, 

N. Y., to Bradford County, Pa: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 3, p. 27.

Bull. 244 05 8
110 CONTKIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

It is to be noted that in the one continuous section of Gulf Brook 

the Chemung fauna has a range of 1,200 feet. If the correlation of 

the Towanda Narrows section with its upper part be correct, the range 

is extended 300 feet higher. The estimate of the length of this range, 

made on the basis of the section along the 76° 30' meridian, was 1,200 

feet; but at that time (1884) the upper limit of the Chemung was put 

where the red beds first appear in force. It is now known that the Chemung fauna does not everywhere stop at that horizon. It is, however, 

quite probable that the Leroy section covers the greater part of the 

total range of the Chemung fauna for that region, which by measurement is 1,700 feet of strata.

THE TIOGA SECTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

Tioga River cuts squarely across the axis of the Crooked Creek 

synclinal mountain, just south of the village of Tioga. North of the 

town, the southward-dipping Chemung beds are well exposed on the 

east bank of the river. The following section is based upon the outcrops between the .wagon bridge, two-thirds of a mile north of the 

town, and the Pennsylvania Railroad, station, and on those in and near 

the highway between Tioga and the summit of the mountain, 4 miles 

east of Tioga:

Section 1460 A, at Tioga, Pa.

Feet.

56. White coarse sandstone with numerous small angular quartz pebbles.. 20± 

«55. Black carbonaceous shale .............................^............ 1±

54. Coal ? (a few inches reported)...................................... ? 

53. Covered (place of Mauch Chunk) .................................. 45±

52. Mottled arenaceous gray limestone with lumps of shale and fish teeth.. 10 

51. Covered........................................................... lOi:

50. Irregular-bedded coarse buff sandstone, some layers with numerous

carbonized plants................................................ 10

49. Covered........................................................... 10

48. Red shale..............................'............................ 10

47. Light-green'thin-bedded micaceous sandstone ....................... 45

46. Greenish-gray and red sandstone and shales mostly covered. (Oswayo

and Cattaraugus)................................................. 960±

45. Red and gray beda mostly concealed." (Cattaraugus-Chemung transition).......................................................... 100

44. Gray thin-bedded sandstone........................................ 5

43. Covered .......................................................... 15

42. Drab-colored thin-bedded sandstone (partly concealed) .............. 16

41. Covered........................................................... 4

40. Thin-bedded drab sandstone ....................................... 12

39. Thin-bedded drab sandstone ....................................... 16

38. Covered ................................................... '........ 32

ciNos. 47 to 55 of the section are exposed in a shaft, drift, and quarry near the residence of A. H. 

Rawson.
TIOOA SECTION. Ill

37. Gray to reddish thin-bedded sandstone ............................. 25

36. Covered .......................................................... 12

35. Red highly ferruginous sandstone. .................................. 2

34. Dull-reddish to olive shale and sandstone ........................... 13

33. Bed of Sp. disjunctus shells ......................................... 2

32. Olive-gray sandstone. .............................................. 5

31. Covered .......................................................... 5

30. Dull-reddish shale and thin-bedded sandstone ....................... 40

29. Thin-bedded gray sandstone. . ................ ... ................... 20

28. Olive-gray shale with thin bands of sandstone ....................... 30

27. Gray to salmon-brown thin-bedded sandstone with concretionary

structure ...................... ^.........^..... .................. 25

26. Dark-gray shale and shaly sandstone. ............................... 20

25. Covered .......................................................... 6

24. Dull-reddish shale and sandstone with fossiliferous band ............. 4

23. Covered .......................................................... 5

22. Dull-reddish to gray shale.......................................... 18

21. Dark-reddish thin-bedded sandstone ................................ 15

20. Dull salmon-brown to olive shale ................................... 10

19. Olive-gray shale and thin-bedded sandstone, some of beds with dullreddish tint ...................................................... 30

18. Olive-gray and dull-reddish shale. .................................. 20

17. Covered .......................................................... 10

16. Olive-gray and dull-reddish thin-bedded sandstone interbedded ...... 18

15. Covered .............................................. ......i..... 5

14. Thin-bedded sandstone ............................................ 4

13. Gray to reddish shale and sandstone ................................ 9

12. Calcareous bed of fossils ........................................... 2

11. Gray sandstone. ............. ......i.... ........................... 3

10. Beds of fossil shells in drab calcareous sandstone. .................... 3

9. Dull-brownish red thin-bedded sandstone ........................... 3

8. Sandstone and shale with concretions ................................ ° 4

7. Gray sandstone. ................................................... 4

6. Gray shale and sandstone .......................................... 5

. 5. Soft gray clay shale. ............................................... 10

4. Covered .......................................................... 35

3. Thin-bedded drab sandstone ............................'........'... 14

2. Covered .......................................................... 15

1. Brownish-gray thin-bedded sandstone. .............................. 20

2, 315
112 CONTKIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

FAUNULES OF THE TIOGA SECTION.

Zone 1 of Tioga section (14,60 A). The 20 feet of sandstone exposed 

at the bridge, two-thirds of a mile north of Tioga, contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 1 of Tioga section (1460 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropneodonta (Douvillina) insequistriata (c).

2. S. (Leptostrophia) perplana var. nervosa (a).

3. Strophonella cselata (a).

4. Chonetes cf. vicinus (c).

5. _Atrypa reticularis (r).

6. A. spinosa (c).

7. Sphenotus cf. archseformis (r).

8. Macrodon cf. chemungensis (r).

9. Leptodesma lichas (a)..

10. Schizodus chernungensis (r).

11. S. o hiatus (r).

12. Modiomorpha cf. quadrula (r).

13. Manticoceras cf. complanatuni (r).

The Chemung characteristics of this faunule, which is the lowest in 

the section, indicate that the section includes nothing lower than Chemung beds.

Zone 7 of Tioga section (14-60 A). Very few fossils occur in the 

zones 2 to 6. The following species are found in zone 7,100 feet above 

the base of the section:

Faunule of zone 7 of Tioga section (1460 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (a).

2. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

3. Atrypa spinosa (c).

4. Spirifer disjunctus (r).

Zones 8 and 9 of Tioga section (14-60 A). These zones appear to be 

without fossils.

Zone 10 of Tioga section (1460 A). The species noted in this zone 

are as follows: J . . 

Faunule of zone 10 of Tioga section (1460 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) rniicronata (c).

2. Atrypa spinosa (c).

3. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

4. Fish remains (c).

The extremely mucronate form of Sp. disjunctus is found in this 

zone.

Zone 12 of Tioga section (14-60 A). This zone contains a mass of fossils, mostly shells of /Sp. disjunctus.

Zones 13 to 15 of Tioga section (14-60 A). Fossils are comparatively 

scarce in these zones.

Zone 16 of Tioga section. The faunule of this zone comprises the 

following species:
WILLIAMS AND"! 

KINDLE. J

FAUNULES OF TIOGA SECTION. 113

Faunule of zone 16 of Tioga, section (1460 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Strophonella cselata.

2. Orthothetes cheinungensis.

3. Productella cf. lachrymosa (c).

4. Schizophoria striatula (a).

5. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

6. Glossites lingualis (r).

7. Palseoneilo fllosa (r)..

8. Platyceras sp. (r).

Zone 18 of Tioga section (1460 A). This zone affords the following 

species:

Faunule of zone IS of Tioga section (1460 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (r).

2. Strophonella cselata (c).

3. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

4. Productella lachrymosa (a).

5. Schizophoria striatula (a).

6. Atrypa spmosa (r).

7. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

8. Spirifer disjunctus (a). ,

9. Leptodesma lichas (c).

10. L. sp. (r).

11. Bellerophon sp. (r).

Zone $4. of Tioga section (1460 A). The 80 feet of beds intervening 

between zones 18 and 2-i contain few fossils, the species being forms 

common to these two zones. The species occurring in zone 24 are as 

follows:

Faunule of zone 24 of Tioga, section (1460 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Zaphrentis sp. (r).

2. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (r).

3. S. sp. (a).

4. Strophonella ceelata (r).

5. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

6. Productella sp. (r).

7. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

Zone 29' of Tioga section (1460 A). The species occurring in this 

zone are as follows:

Faunule of zone 29 of Tioga section (1460 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

6. Camarotcechia stephani (c).

7. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

8. Delthyris mesicostalis (a).

9. Glossites lingualis (r).

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

2. Chonetes setigerus (r).

3. Productella-lachrymosa (a).-

4. Schizophoria striatula (c).

5. Dalmanella tioga (r).

Zone 33 of Tioga section (1460 A). A mass of the shells of Sp. disjunctus comprises the greater part of this zone. The species recognized 

in it are as follows:

Faunule of zone 88 of Tioga section (1460 A}.

1. Productella lachrymosa (rare).

2. Camarotcechia stephani (rare).

3. Spirifer disjunctus (abundant).
114 CONTKIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

Zone 34 of Tioga section (1460 A). Only three species were recognized in this zone.

Faunule of zone 84 of Tioga section (1460 A).

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (common).

2. Spirifer disjunctus (common).

3. Orthoceras sp. (rare).'

. Zone 35 of Tioga section (1460 A). Two feet of very ferruginous 

red sandstone hold the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 35 of Tioga section (1460 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

6. Athyris cf. angelica (r).

7. Mytilarca chernungensis (r).

8. Aviculopecten duplicates (r).

9. A. striatus (r).

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

2. Gamarotoechia sp. (r.)

3. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

4. Delthyris mesicostalis (r).

5. Ambocoelia gregaria (c).

Zone 39 of Tioga section (1460 A). Seventy feet above the preceding faunule the following association of species occurs:

Faunule of zone 89 of Tioga section (1460 A).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.] X'

5. Ambocoelia gregaria (c).

6. Athyris angelica (r).

7. Aviculopecten cf. cancellatus (r).

1. Productella lachrymosa (a).

2. Schizophoria striatula (c).

3. Camarotoechia stephani (c).

4. Delthyris mesicostalis (c).

Zone 4® of Tioga section (1460 A). This zone, nearly 600 feet above 

the base of the section, contains nearly the same association of species 

as the preceding faunule, 39, 60 feet below it. The species are as 

follows:

Faunule of zone 4% of Tioga section (1460 A).

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

2. Productella lachrymosa (r).

3. Schizophoria striatula (c).

4. Camarotoechia stephani (r).

5. Delthyris mesicostalis (c).

6. Ambocoelia gregaria (c).

7. Athyris angelica (c).

8. Sphenotussp. (r).

Zone 44 of Tioga section (1460 A). Fifteen feet above zone 39 occurs 

the highest faunule secured from the section. It contains the following species:

Faunule of zone 44 of Tioga section (1460 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta sp. (r).

2. Productella lachrymosa (a).

3. Schizophoria striatula (a).

4. Camarotoechia stephani (c).

5. Leiorhynchus mesicostale (r).

6. Atrypa reticularis (r).

7. Spirifer disjunctus (c).

8. Delthyris mesicostalis (c).

9. Amboccelia gregaria (c).

10. Athyris angelica (c).

11. Sphenotus contractus (r).

12. Glossites procerus (r).

13. Mytilarca chemungensis (c).

14. Actinopteria sp. (r).
1) ] FAUNULES OF TIOGA SECTION. 115

The beds immediately following this zone are concealed, and the 

Chemung fauna may continue on through 50 feet or more of the gray 

or reddish beds succeeding it. After the typical red Catskill beds are 

reached, however, no trace of fossils appears beyond some obscure 

plant remains.

The accompanying chart exhibits the range of the several species 

comprising the fauna of this section.
Faunal chart of the Tioga section (1460 A), Tioga 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

COELENTEE AT A .

MOLLUSCOIDEA.

Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucroS. (Leptostrophia) perplana var. nerSpirifer disjunctus ....................

Gray shales and sandstone (Chemung).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. e«»:!!

S 

i i

a

 r

c

a

16.

Gray and du

!? 18. 19. 20. a. 5

£

i

C4

a a

22-24. 25-26.

1

a

2
WILLIAMS 

KINDLE

AND")

: J FAUNULES OF TIOGA SECTION.

8 '^ <3 bo '5 u

in U W .H

ft ^ O

a ft a

ja oj a " -C »

I l.|

3

0 N 

^533

i!

8
118 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

ORE-BED SECTION, MANSFIELD.

By E. M. KINDLE.

Chemung rocks are exposed at frequent intervals along the public 

highway which passes the old iron-ore pit, 3 miles west of Mansfield. 

The following section is constructed from exposures along this road 

between the old ore pit and Tioga River.

Section 1459 B at the ore-bed road, Mansfield.

	Ft. in. 

22. Surfaceclay...:.................................................. 5 ' 0

21. Brown, soft shaly sandstone. ....................................... 0 8

20. Gray sandy shale........................_.........._... __........ 10 0

19. Bed oolitic iron ore ............................................... 0 18-24

18. Reddish calcareous sandstone (in old ore pit)....................... 0 6

17. Concealed........................................................ 50 ' 0

16. Brownish-gray sandstone...-..-.-.-.....-.--..........-........... 5 0

15. Gray shale and covered ........................................... 60 0

14. Shaly sandstone and shale fossiliferous at top....................... 25 0

13. Concealed........................................................ 10 0

12. Dard-gray clay shale and shaly sandstone .......................... 5 0

11. Dark shaly sandstone ............................................. 1 0

10. Covered ......................................................... 119 0

9. Thin-bedded and shaly sandstone.................................. 25 0

8. Covered .......................................................... 6 0

7. Bluish-gray clay shale ............................................ 8 0

6. Covered ......i.................................................. 20 0

5. Thin-bedded sandstone ........................................... 6 0

4. Covered ^.........'................................................. 140 0

3. Drab sandy shale and flaggy sandstone............................. 22 0

2. Covered ......................................................... 42 0

1. Bluish-gray shale (in bed of creek) ................................ 6 0

FAUNULES OF THE ORE-BED ROAD SECTION, MANSFIELD.

Zone 3 of Mansfield section (14£9 £). This zone holds the lowest 

faunules noted in the section, comprising the following species:

Faunule of zone 8 of Mansfield section (1469 B). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Strophonella ceelata '(c).

2. Orthothetes cheinungensis (a).

3. Schizophoria striatula (a).

4. Atrypa spinosa (a).

5. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

6. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

7. Byssopteria radiata (c).

8. Pterinea sp. (r).

Zone 5 of Mansfield section (11^59 B}. The beds of zone 4, having 

a thickness of 140 feet, are not exposed. The species occurring in 

zone 5 are as follows:
WILLIAMS AND" 

KINDLE. MANSFIELD ORE-BED SECTION. 119

Faunule of zone 5 of Mansfield section (1459 B). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (a).

2. Productella lachrymosa (a).

3. Schizophoria striatula (c).

4. Cauiarotcechia contracta (a).

5. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

6. Delthyris rnesicostalis (a).

7. Athyris angelica (a).

8. Leptodesma sp: (r).

9. Crenipecten cf. am plus (r).

Zone 9 of Mansfield section (llfiB J3}. The following species are 

found in zone 9, 34 feet above zone 5:

Faunule of zone 9 of Mansfield section (1459 B}. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Productella lachrymosa (a).

2. Schizophoria striatula (r).

3. Camarotoechia contracta (a)

4. Delthyris mesicostalis (a).

5. Athyris angelica (c).

6. Aviculopecten rugsestriatus (r).

Zone 11 of ^Mansfield section (1459 J3). The greater part of the section between zones 9 and 1] is concealed. The following faunule is 

from a 1-foot bed 120 feet above the preceding faunule:

Faunule of zone 11 of Mansfield section (1459 B}. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orbiculoidea sp. (r).

2. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

3. Productella lachrymosa (a).

4. Schizophoria striatula (a).

5. Camarotcechia contracta (c).

6. Cryptonella sp. (r).

7. Delthyris mesicostalis (a).

8. Arnboccelia gregaria (r).

9. Athyris angelica (a).

10. Sphenotus cf. rigidus (r).

11. Glossites cf. depressus (r).

12. Macrodon chemungensis (r).

13. Euomphalus sp. (r).

14. Loxonema sp. (r).

Zone 1% of Mansfield section (1459 B). The 5 feet of shale and 

sandstone following zone 11 contain the following species:

Faunule of zone 12 of Mansfield section (1459 B). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

2. Chonetes setigerus (r).

3. Productella arctirostrata (r).

4. P. boydi (c).

5. P. lachrymosa (c).

6. Schizophoria striatula (a).

7. Uamarotechia contracta (a).

8. Spirifer disjunctus (r).

9. Delthyris mesicostalis (a).

10. Anabocoelia gregaria (r).

11. Athyris angelica (c).

12. Grammysia sp. (r).

13. Sphenotus contractus (r). 

14. Leptodesma lichas (r). .

The specimens referred to No. 7, have less angular plications and 

shallower sinus than specimens of Camarotcechia contracta from northwestern Pennsylvania. The shells show 

Plications in sinus, 3-4; generally 3. 

Plications on fold, 4; rarely 5. 

Plications on each valve, about 16.
120 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [mm,. 244.

Variation in No. 6 occurs chiefly in relation to shape of muscular 

impression in pedicle valve and in the ratio of length and width. The 

two latter characters are equal in some individuals. In many the 

width exceeds the length by one-fourth or more.

No. 9 shows considerable variability in this zone with reference to 

the number of plications. These vary from 13. to 29 on each valve. 

The length of the mesial septum is contained in the length of the shell 

from two to three and a half times. Of 23 specimens examined 

22 have one plication and one has a double plication in the sinus. 

All of the specimens show a double fold except one, which has a third 

plication weakly developed on the fold.

Zone 15 of Mansfield section (1459 B). About 20 feet above the 

preceding faunule were found the following species: «

Faunule of zone 15 of Mansfield section (1459 B). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Productella lachrymosa (c).

2. Schizophoria striatula (r).

3. Camarotcechia stephani (a).

4. Delthyris mesicostalis (a).

5. Ambocoelia gregaria (r).'

6. Athyris angelica (r).

7. Sphenotus contractus (c;.

8. Edmpndia philipi (c).

9. Aviculopecten sp. (r).

Zone 18 of Mansfield section (1459 B}. One hundred and fifteen feet 

above zone 14 a thin calcareous bed appears, underlying the iron-ore 

bed. Only three species were collected from it.

Faunule of zone 18 of Mansfield section (1459 B).

[a, abundant; c, common.]

1. Productella lachrymosa (c).

2. Camarotoechia stephani (c).

3. Spirifer disjunctua (a).

Zone 19 of Mansfield section (1459 B}. Eighteen to 24 inches of red 

hematite comprise this zone. The only fossils found in it are Productella lachrymosa and Spirifer disjunctus, which are common.

Zone 21 of Mansfield section (1459 B). Ten feet above the iron ore 

the highest faunule of the section appears. It contains the following 

species:

Faunule of zone %1 of Mansfield section (1459 B).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Orthothetes chemungensis (r).

2. Productella lachrymosa (c).

3. Camarotoechia sappho (a).

4. Spirifer disjunctus (c).
"] MANSFIELD OKE-BED SECTION. 121

 The section as a whole shows a fauna of distinctly Cheniung type, 

Cyrtwia hamiltonensis is the only Hamilton survivor appearing in it. 

The faunules of the different parts of the section do not offer any 

sharp contrasts in composition. The accompanying chart, showing 

the distribution of species in the section, indicates that dominant 

species, or those appearing abundantly or commonly in any zone, are 

usually found to range through a number of zones or the entire section.
Faunal chart of the ore-bed road section, Mansfield, Tiog

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

MOLLTJSCOIDEA.

P. boydi........ ............................

MOLLUSCA.

Grammysia sp .............................

Gray sandy shale and sa

1 2 3 4 5

« e

o o

S 8

f:

6 7 3 9 
WILLIAMS AND"! 

KINDLE. J MANSFIELD ORE-BED SECTION. 123

K ' M ' l-l

s-a

-0 -9

'ft 3

.: »-s 4

° -3 a 1

C5 p. "^

 a a

o .:j

"H M

1 S. ll

a 3

i4 A< m"<

8-"9 

56 § g w >-5
124 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

CANOE CAMP SECTION.

By E. M. KINDLE.

The section at Canoe Camp begins at the lower cascade in Canoe 

Camp Creek, near Canoe Camp, Tioga County, Pa. , and runs up the 

ravine and sidehill to the old ore pits on south side of Butts Hill.

Section 1459 A, at Canoe Camp, Pa.

Ft. in. 

18. Thin-bedded sandstone and shale, olive gray, with some reddish bands

near base ........................................................... 12 0

17. Fine-grained oolitic iron ore (thickness concealed) . .................. ^ .

16. Concealed. . ......................................................... 135 0

15. Gray shale .......................................................... 0 20

14. Concealed........................................................... 4 0

13. Gray shale........--.........---.......-.---..-.........-....-...... 2 0

12. Hard gray sandstone. ..................--...._..................._... 0 8

11. Concealed........................................................... 2 0

10. Gray soft shale with some bands of hard sandstone. .................... 5 6

9. Blue calcareous sandstone full of fossils................................ 0 6

8. Grayshale. ......---- ......................................... ...... 6 0

7. Thin-bedded sandstone and shale............ ......................... 6 0

6. Thin-bedded sandstone and bluish-gray shale, with corals. ............. 10 0

5. Bluish-gray sandstone full of fossils ...................................

4. Drab-colored sandy shale. ........-...-..........-.......;............ 17 0

3. Concealed (above fall in creek) ....................................... 140 0

2. Thin- bedded shaly drab sandstone and shale .......................... 5 0

1. Grayish-drab sandstone and shale .................................... 11 0

FAUNULES OF THE CANOE CAMP SECTION.

The fanules of the Canoe Camp section are all Chemung. They are 

as follows:

Zone 1 of Canoe Gamp section (1459 A). The lowest zone of the 

section, which is exposed at the cascade in Canoe Camp Creek, contains the following faunule:

Faunule of zone 1 of Canoe Camp section (1459 A]. 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Strophonella cselata (r).

2. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

3. Productella lachrymosa (c).

5. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

6. Leptodesma creon.

7. Cypricardella cf. bellistriata (r).

4. Schizophoria striatula (c).

Zone 2 of Canoe Camp section (1J^59 A). Five feet of shaly sandstone immediately following the preceding zone contains the following 

species:

Faunule of zone 2 of Canoe Camp section (1459 A.).

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata (c).

2. Strophonella cselata (c).

3. Orthothetes chemungensis (c).

4. Productella cf. lachrymosa (r).

5. Schizophoria striatula (a).

6. Atrypa spinosa (r).

7. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

8. Spirifer disjunctus (a).
D '] 'CANOE CAMP SECTION. 125

The Sp. disjunctus of this and the preceding zone belongs to the 

wide mucronate type of the species. Schizophoria striatula and Stropheodonta (Douvillina} mucronata are each represented by individuals 

which are less than half the normal size of the species.

Zone 5 of Canoe Camp section (1459 A). The outcrops of this and 

the next zone are in the ravine on the south side of Butts Hill. The 

faunule comprises the following species:

Faunule of zone 5 of Canoe Camp section (1459 A). 

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

1. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mncronata (c).

2. Strophonella easlata (r).

3. Chonetes sp. (r).

4. Productella cf. lachrymosa (c).

5. Atrypa aspera (c).

6. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

Zone 6 of Canoe Camp section (1459 A}. This zone afforded the 

following species:

Faunule of zone fi of Canoe Camp section (1459 A).

[a, abundant; C, common; r, rare.] .

5. Atrypa spinosa (c).

6. Cyrtina hamiltonensis (r).

7. Spirifer disjunctus (a).

8. Byssopteria radiata (r).

1. Zaphrentis cf. simplex (a).

2. Stropheodonta (Douvillina) rmtcronata (a).

3. Strophonella cselata (c).

4. Orthothetes chemungensis (a).

Zone 18 of Canoe Camp section (1459 A). The highest zone of the 

section, exposed just above the old ore pit, furnished the following 

species:

Faunule of zone IS of Canoe Camp section (1459 A). 

[c, common; r, rare.]

1. Productella lachrymosa (c).

2. Delthyris rnesicostalis (c).

3. Athyris angelica (r).

Bull. 244 05 9

4. Grammysia cf. circularis (r).

5. Leptodesma sp. (r).
Faunal chart of Canoe Camp section, Tioga Coun

[a, abundant; c, common; r, rare.]

.

Gra

12 

CO2LENTERATA.

MOLLUSCOIDEA.

P. cf . lachrymosa :......................................................................

Delthyris mesicostalis. . .................................................................

MOLLUSCA.
D ] CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. 127

CORRELATION OF THE TIOGA, MANSFIELD, CANOE CAMP, 

AND ARMENIA MOUNTAIN (SECTIONS.

By E. M. KINDLE.

The Tioga section includes the lowest and the highest beds exposed 

in the quadrangle, so far as known, extending from the Sharon conglomerate several hundred feet down into the Cherriung. The upper 

third of the section is barren of fossils, except for a few fish teeth in 

the arenaceous limestone bed in the upper part of the section 

(1460 A52). This bed is of some importance, because its peculiar lithological features make its recognition possible whenever encountered 

over a considerable area. The best exposures of this bed and the 

associated shales and sandstones occur near the summit of Armenia 

Mountain, 2 miles west of Troy, in Bradford County. The section, 

from the highest beds exposed near the summit, is as follows:

Section 1458 £, at Armenia Mountain.

Feet.

31. Greenish-gray coarse micaceous thin-bedded and cross-bedded sandstone... 10

30. Concealed.............................................................. 20

29. Mottled light greenish-gray arenaceous limestone, with frequent lumps of

shale and occasional fish remains ...................................... 5

28. Thin-bedded greenish-gray sandstone, showing false bedding.............. 20

27. Green sandy shale...................................................... 5

26. Soft red shale ........................................................... 18

25. Heavy-bedded greenish-gray sandstone, tending to split easily and running

into shale in a short distance .......................................... 30

24. Grreenish shale and thin-bedded sandstone ............................... 15

23. Greenish brecciated shale bed.............. '. ............................ 1

22. Soft green shale . 1...................................................... 9

21. Green, coarse, heavy-bedded micaceous sandstone, with some plant remains

and a few shale bands ................................................. 35

20. Soft red clay, scarcely showing stratification.............................. 25

19. Bright-green sandstone................................................... 1

18. Soft red shale .......................................................... 5

17. Green and red shale ................................................... 13

16. Soft red shale .......................................................... 10

15. Green heavy-bedded sandstone.......................................... 4

14. Red soft argillaceous indistinctly stratified shale .......................... 11

13. Green massive sandstone................................................ 8

12. Red and green shale and sandstone, color varying rapidly at the same

horizon.............................................................. 20

11. Red shale, green sandstone, and covered ................................. 140

10. Red shale, with an occasional band of sandstone, lower 20 feet covered..... 50

9. Red sandstone ......................................................... 5

8. Concealed.- .......................................................^.... 90

7. Cross-bedded red sandstone ............................................. 10

6. Concealed.............................................................. 180

5. Red shale and sandstone................................................ 30

4. Red sandstone, full of worm (?) trails.................................... 25

3. Hard red sandstone, with numerous fish remains ............ 1............ 3

2. Concealed.. ......................... .^................................ 10

1. Red sandstone....................,.....,,.,.-,,..,,.,,,,.,,...,,....:.. 6
128 ' CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 244.

The limestone (No. 29 of the section) contains probably not more 

than 25 per cent of lime, but since no other bed in the section above 

the Chemung contains an appreciable quantity of lime, it is regarded 

as a limestone. It will be designated the Armenia limestone lentil; 

it occurs in the upper part of the Oswayo formation.

The Armenia Mountain section lies about 14 miles southeast of the 

Tioga section and 10 miles northwest of the South Mountain section. 

The detailed Armenia section as given above may be safely assumed 

to represent closely the concealed upper part of the Tioga section. 

The Armenia limestone is easily recognizable in each of the three sections. The few fish remains occurring in this bed are of Carboniferous type. Below the Armenia limestone occasional plant remains 

are the only fossils seen until beds containing Catskill fishes are 

reached. The beds in which these fossils appear abundantly lie in the 

South Mountain section 797 feet below the horizon of the Armenia 

limestone and in the Armenia Mountain section 754 feet below the 

same horizon. . As yet no invertebrate paleontological data are available for.drawing 

any sharp line of distinction between the Devonian and Carboniferous 

sediments. In the absence of eiitirely adequate data for determining 

this boundary it is perhaps most convenient and practicable to consider the latest appearance or Catskill fish remains as marking the end 

of the Devonian period. This horizon occurs in the section near the 

division line between the Cattaraugus and Oswayo of the ElklandTioga folio. . ' -

In the few sections in this region showing nearly continuous exposures from the Chemung fauna to the Sharon conglomerate there is 

seen to be very slight basis for a division on the basis of color, the 

red beds being nearly as common in the upper as the lower portions.

It will be noted, however, in examining average sections where the

greater part is covered that red beds appear to be most abundant in 

the lower third of the section. This is largely due to the fact that the 

lower beds are very generally tough sandstones which are apt to outcrop prominently, while the upper red beds are nearly all soft shales 

which are likely to outcrop less conspicuously, if at all. This tendency of the upper red beds to be soft shales and the lower to be tough, 

flaggy, and often cross-bedded sandstones is correlated with their 

faunal characteristics the upper red and gray beds being, with the 

exception of the Armenia limestone, entirely barren of animal remains, 

while the lower contain numerous fish remains.

The invertebrate fauna, from the lowest beds of the section to its 

termination upon the appearance of sediments of Catskill type, is distinctly Chemung in character.

Most of the sections in the region about Mansfield are characterized 

by one or more beds of iron ore. There appear to be three of these
D ] - CORRELATION OF CERTAIN SECTIONS. 129

beds, but no single section shows more than two of them. Beds of 

similar character, but with a lower grade of ore, occur at the same 

horizon near Leroy.

The limestone facies represented in most of the sections of western 

Bradford County below the ferruginous sandstone and ore beds by 

the limestone of the Franklindale beds has almost entirely disappeared 

in the Tioga sections. It appears to be represented, however, at a few 

localities by a thin bed of limestone composed of shell fragments. A 

bed of this character not now exposed, which is said to be 5 or 6 feet 

in thickness, occurs in the hill 1 mile north of Mansfield. In the 

southeast corner of the county this limestone outcrops 2 or 3 miles 

east of Roaring Branch, along the Lycoming Creek wagon road.

While the Franklindale beds have thinned almost to the vanishing 

point west of the Tioga-Bradf ord county line, the iron-ore beds, which 

at Leroy accompany and lie above the Franklindale beds, have become

more pronounced and carry a higher grade of ore. The peculiarities 

of the different ore beds are not sufficiently marked, either paleontologically or lithologically, to enable one to correlate with confidence 

the individual ore beds of the Mansfield region with those of the Leroy 

region; but that the Mansfield ore beds and intervening strata, as a 

whole, should be correlated with the ferruginous sandstones and ore 

beds at Leroy is indicated by the following considerations:

(1) The highest ore bed lies approximately at the same distance 

oelow the upper limit of fossils at Leroy and Mansfield.

(2) The iron ores and their associated strata represent the first 

appearance of red sedimentation in both districts.

(3) A limestone which is apparently the equivalent of that at Leroy 

is present at some localities in the ore-bed sections of the Mansfield 

region. .

COMMENTS ON THE FAUNAS OF THE TIOGA, MANSFIELD, 

AND CANOE CAMP SECTIONS.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

There are some interesting facts regarding the faunas associated 

with the red beds and iron-ore deposits in the eastern part of the 

Tioga quadrangle.

In each of the three sections examined in detail (Mansfield, Canoe 

Camp, and Tioga) there are two faunas which occur in succession, 

lapping a little, but in the main distinct in composition. This is 

shown by the following analysis of the faunas:

The first point noticed is that Strophonella cselata is conspicuous in 

the earlier zones of each section, while Athyris angelica is dominant 

in the higher faunules, and these two species do not occur together in
130 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL. 241

any of the faunules reported. Prominent among the associates of 

Strophonella cselata are Stropkeodonta (Douvillina) mucronata, and 

in the lowest faunule of Tioga section, also Stropli. (Leptostrophia] 

perplana var. nervosa, and Stropheodonta (Douvillina) inxquistriata, 

Spirifer disjunctus, and Atrypa spinosa, none of which species are 

associated with Athyris angelica.

In the higher zone common associates with Athyris are . Delthyris 

mesicostalis, and Camarotovchia contracta, neither of which is seen 

associated with Strophonella. Scliizophoria striatula, Productella 

lachrymosa, and Orthothetes chemungensis are common to both faunas.

Athyris angelica is rare in the eastern extension of the Chemung 

fauna, but whether its absence is associated with the fact that the 

higher Chemung faunas are cut off in the east by the red beds, or 

because of limited geographical range during the same portion of 

time, is not evident from the facts at hand. As was pointed out 

in Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 41, Athyris angelica is a prevailing 

species in the upper Chemung horizons of the Genesee Valley sections. 

In the survey of that region, Strophonella caelata'\f&s not discovered. 

But it is also to be noted that Spirifer disjunctus is a very common 

species in the typical Chemung fauna of western New York, and is 

there frequently associated with Athyris. It is not a very frequently 

occurring species in the typical Chemung beds of the more eastern 

sections, although it is very abundant in some zones. 

' The faunal indications of these Tioga County sections therefore 

favor the view that both the Strophonella and Athyris zones are well 

up in the Chemung formation; and, according to the opinion of the 

writer, are to be correlated stratigraphically with beds occupying the 

higher hilltops of the Waverly quadrangle, above the fossiliferous 

zones of the cliffs along Chemung River at Chemung Narrows and 

Waverly. Fuller collections of fossils from this and neighboringregions will throw light upon this problem.

COMMENTS ON THE CORRELATION OF THE SECTIONS OF 

BRADFORD AND TIOGA COUNTIES, PA.

By H. S. WILLIAMS.

In PI. IV the several sections of Bradford and Tioga counties, 

measured by E. M. Kindle, the faunules of which are discussed in 

the previous pages, are arranged according to the evidence furnished by the contained fossils; Placed to the left of them is the 

section (generalized) of the Tioga folio as prepared by M. L. Fuller. 

The sections are all drawn to same scale, and the lower ones are correlated according to contained fossils, while those at 'the top of the 

series are correlated by the beds supposed to represent the Mauch 

Chunk and Sharon formations.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 244 PL.

Generalized section for 

Klklaud anaTioga 

Quadrangle, Pa.

ottsville

Oswayo

CattarouguB

!hemung

80' ArmeniaiBtaclfpjd Co., Pa.

MM,

1460 A

1458 B

"piantu

Canoe Camp, Pa. 

1459 A

2COO-I- 6

Ore bed, 

Mansfield, Pa.

. 1450 B

South Mountain, 

T'ioga, Pa, Bradford Co., Pa.

- 1455 C

<2882-' lsharon?

JMauch Chunk?

<26S2 I

Armenia llmcstono 

lentil

Oawayo 

'2140'-28B2')

Cattaraugus , 

(148/TO 2140')

I'owauda Narrows, 

Bradford Co., la. 

1456 A <1800'

J100'

Cbemnng (0'-1487')

' J3ase of Gulf Brook 

sectiou

SECTIONS IN BRADFORD AND TIOGA COUNTIES, PA.
WILLIAMS 

KINDLKEAND ] COERELATION OF OEETAIN SECTIONS. 131

The three sections on the right represent a single measured set of 

beds near-one another. The gap which is covered in the valley of 

Towanda Creek is estimated from the dip of the beds on each side, so 

that it is believed the total length of the section is approximately 

correct. In this section 1,487 feet are referred to the Chemung formation, the Chemung species prevailing to the top. The top of the 

Franklindale calcareous beds is 400 feet down in the Chemung, and its 

thickness is 160 feet in the Gulf Brook section (zones 75 to 58). From 

the top of the Chemung to an arbitrary line drawn between the Cattaraugus and Oswayo (at 1455 C8) is 653 feet; this is the estimated 

thickness of the Cattaraugus for this section.

The correlation of the Towanda Narrows section (1456 A) with the 

Gulf Brook (Leroy) section (1455 A) is made by means of the upper 

calcareous zone of the Franklindale limestone beds 1456 A17 and 

20, being correlated with 1455 A73 and 75. As both of these sections are based on detailed measurements of the individual zones, this

places zone 1456 A40, which contains an unmistakable Chemung faunule, a little over 1,700 feet above zone 1455 A8, which also holds a distinctly Chemung faunule, and over 250 (top 263) feet above the arbitrary 

line drawn at top of the Chemung formation. This arbitraiy line is 

drawn as being approximately the place of beginning of t}^pical Catskill red sedimentation; below, for several hundred feet, appear occasionally dull reddish and purplish beds, but no considerable bright red 

sandstones. .It is not imagined that this upper zone of Chemung 

species, 1456 A40, is in reality the highest place of occurrence of this 

fauna. Further search .will be likely to show species of this fauna as 

long as the marine conditions were persistent in the neighborhood of 

this section. The stopping of the marine Chemung invertebrates is 

supposed to have been occasioned by a change of local conditions 

which was associated with deposition of'the red beds, and locally drove 

out the species from the region, but did not destroy them. This interpretation seems best to explain the irregularity of the line of separation 

between Chemung and Cattaraugus.

The interval between the top of zone 1456 A40 of the Towanda Nar-. 

rows section and the observed base of the South Mountain section on 

the opposite side of the Towanda Creek Valley is estimated to be about 

100 feet. The rocks are all covered and the estimate is based on dip 

and actual barometric determination of altitude of the several outcrops. 

This estimate may be too great or too little, but the measuresments 

of the sections otherwise are based upon actual distances from zone to 

zone as measured at the outcrops.

The red beds prevail in the observed outcrops from the base of the 

South Mountain section to zone 1455 C26, which is correlated with the 

Armenia limestone lentil of the section on Armenia Mountain (1458 

B29). Nevertheless, as Kindle states on a previous page, the red
132 CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVONIAN PALEONTOLOGY. [BULL.244.

outcrops are less conspicuous in the upper part of the section than 

below the fish bed (1455 CS) at the the top of which is abitrarily drawn 

the division line between the Cattaraugus aiid Oswayo, thus giving to 

the Cattaraugus a thickness of 653 feet, as before stated.

The Armenia section (1458) is made up of prevailingly red beds up 

to the base of 1458 1321. This is a green, coarse, heavy-bedded micaceous sandstone vyith some plant remains, and divided by a few shale 

bands and is 35 feet thick. Above this to the top of the section the 

beds are green and 'gray, except zone B26, which is a soft red shale 18 

feet thick, situated 25 feet below the Armenia limestone lentil (1458 

B29). This gives about 100'feet of gTay beds below the Armenia 

limestone lentil in western Bradford County. The upper part of the 

Tioga section, 4 miles east of Tioga (1460 A), shows a coarse white 

sandstone with angular quartz pebbles, of 20 feet thickness, at the top. 

This is called the Sharon conglomerate member of the Pottsville conglomerate by Fuller, in the Elkland-Tioga folio. There seems no 

reason to doubt the general eqmvalenc}^ of the conglomerate (1455 

C31) with this upper zone of the Tioga section (1460A). But 

the correlation of the horizon of this and the immediately underlying beds is in this paper made on basis of determination and nomenclature already published in the Elkland-Tioga folio, without attempting to discuss the validity of that determination. On similar ground 

the uppermost cross-bedded sandstone of the Armenia section (1458 

B31) is called Sharon conglomerate in this paper. The Armenia limestone lentil of the Tioga section (1460 A52) is a zone 10 feet in thickness 46 feet below the sandstone and contains fish teeth and lumps of 

shale. A red shale zone 10 feet thick is separated from the base of the 

latter by 30 feet of gray beds.

On the basis of red beds and fish remains the equivalent of the Catskill of early literature might be carried down at least to the base of the 

Franklindale limestone member, 927 feet above the base of the Gulf 

Brook section; but on the basis of marine invertebrate fossils the 

Chemung formation runs up to at least zone 1456 A40, or to 1,750 feet 

above that base, a difference of 823 feet thickness of strata for uhe 

overlapping of these two conditions.

This interval may be called Chemung, Cattaraugus, or transition 

beds of Chemung, Catskill, or Chemung-Catskill, according to the 

prejudice of the authors. Whatever name is applied to the various 

parts of the section it is clear to the paleontologist that as one passes 

from eastern Pennsylvania and New York westward across the sections, the place of first appearance of the red beds is at a later stage 

of evolution of the faunas. In any particular locality the length of 

the interval from the first appearance of the red beds to the final 

deposition of the marine Chemung faunas was probably determined by 

the degree of persistence with which the changed conditions marked
D ] CORRELATION OF CERTAIN SECTIONS. . 133

by the red deposits prevailed at that spot. . The evidence at hand points 

to a greater persistence of the red sedimentation in the eastern than in 

the western sections. But only as the time horizons are determined 

by the fossils is it possible to correlate equivalency of horizons across 

the regions which thus differ in the character of the sediments laid 

down. The application of formational names therefore on the basis 

of likeness in the character of the sediments, which are known to 

geographically differ, must necessarily be regarded as not significant 

of actually synchronous time divisions.

GENERAL INDEX.

Page 

Appalachians, Middle, Chemung species

in, list and discussion of ------ 57-68

Devonian faunas of, chart and discussion of .....--....---.--....---- 55-56

Rensselseria fauna of--.----.-.---.---- 46-49

Sc.e also Virginia; West Virginia;

Kentucky. 

Armenia limestone, occurrence of ....... 128

Armenia Mountain, Pa., section at....... 127

section at, correlation of the Mansfield, Tioga, and Canoe Camp 

sections and ................. 127-129

plate showing ..................... 130

Bear Grass Creek, Ky., section at ......... 16

section at, f aunules of................. 17

plate showing ..................... 16

Big Moccasin Gap, Va., section at........ 30

section at, faunules at................. 30-31

figure showing .................... 43

Bigstone Gap, Va., black shale near, fossils found in ................... 49

sections near .......................... 28,29

figure showing .................... 43

Black shale. See Shale, black.

Bland County, Va., rocks and faunules

in..:...........:................ 31-33

Bradford County, Pa., sections in Tioga 

County and, correlation of, 

comments on................. 130-133

Brooks, Ky., black shale near, fossils

foundin ................_.... 49

section near, plate showing........... 16

section and faunules near............. 20-21

unconformity near, figure showing.. 20 

Brushy Mountain, Va., faunules at. ...... 32,33

Bucbiola speciosa fauna, discussion of

and table showing range of... 51-52 

Burlington limestone, use of name....... 95

Button Mold Knob, Ky., fossils found at. 21 

Caldwell, W. Va., section at.............. 38

Campbell, M. R., on correlation of Hancock and Giles formations.... 45

on Kimberling shale .................. 31

on thickness of Romney shale . _.... 31

Canoe Camp, Pa., section near............ 124

section near, correlation of the Mansfield, Tioga, and Armenia 

Mountain sections and...... 127-129

faunal chart of.................... 126

faunas of the Tioga and Mansfield sections and, comments 

on............................ 129-130

faunules of....................... 124-125

plate showing._.....,.,...._.._... 130

Carboniferous, Lower. See Mississippian. 

Catawissa, Pa., section at................. 67-69

section at, faunal chart of ............ 78

faunal correlations of............. 84-86

faunules of ........................ 69-77

formational correlation of........ 78-84

Catskill beds, occurrence of.... 82,83-84,109,128

Cattaraugus formation, occurrence of... 308,

110,131 

Chattanooga shale, faunule of............ 29

thicknessof ........................... 49

Chemung fauna, occurrence of. 32,33,79,80-84, 

104,107-108,112-115,118-121,125,131 

Chemung species in Middle Appalachians,

list and discussion of...... _. 57-58

Chemung-Catskill beds, occurrence of.. 80-82,

83-84,132 

Clark, W. B., on correlation of Roruney

formation ..................... 45

Clerniont, Ky., section at, plate showing. 16 

section and f aunule near.............. 22

Clifton Forge, Va., section near.......... 42

section near, f aunule of............... 43

plate showing ..................... 28

Cope, E. D., on Paleozoic fishes........... 102

Correlation of formations in Virginia and

West Virginia................. 45-46

Covington, Va., black shale at, f aunule of. 53 

sectionat ............................:. 39

faunules of......................... 39-41

plate showing...................... 28

Crab Orchard, Ky., section near, plate

showing........................ 16

section and faunule near.............. 26

Dalnianella tioga, note on................. 86

Darton, N. H., on Lewistown limestone

and Monterey sandstone...... 45

Deerlick Knob, Ky., section at, plate

showing........................ 16

sectionand faunules at................ 23

Devonian faunas of the Middle Appalachians, chart and discussion 

of............................... 55-56

Devonian limestone, faunule of........... 17,21

Devonian sections in Pennsylvania, fossil

faunas of...................... 69-133

Devonian and Mississippian of Virginia, 

West Virginia, and Kentucky, 

fossil faunas of .._........... 9-58

Ed wardsville, Ind., section near.......... 17

sec tion near, plate showing........... 16

Elkland and Tioga quadrangles, section

for, plate showing............. 130

135
136 GENERAL INDEX.

Page. 

Franklindale beds, lowest limestone of,

plate snowing.................. 96

occurrence of.......................... 95

Genesee formation, occurrence of........ 84,91

Giles formation, correlation of ........... 45

faunule of......... ..'... ................ 32,33

occurrence of.-....--...--.....--...--- 31-32

Girty, G. H., on Rensselseria fauna....... 44

Grainger shale, faunules of............... 30,31

occurrence and thickness of.......... 30

Granville Center, Pa., faunule of section

at............................... 104^

Gulf Brook, Pa., section at................ 92-96

section at, faunules of................ 96-104

Franklindale beds of, plate showing ............................. 96

plate showing....................... 130

Hall,-James, and Clarke, J. M., on Hamilton fauna.---......-...---.... 70

Hamilton fauna, occurrence of........ 69,70,84

Hancock limestone, correlation of ....... 45

faunule of.............................. 28,29.

occurrence of....................... 27,28,29

Harrodsburg limestone, thickness'of --.. 17 

Hicksville, Va., section near.............. 32

section near, figure showing........._ 43

Hollowing Run, Pa., section at........... 86-87

section at, faunal chart of ............. 91

faunules of......................... 88-91

formational correlation of -------- 91

paleontology of,' comments on.:.. 92 

Hot Springs, Va., black shale at, faunule

of..-....--......-----..---..---- 50,53

sectionat..............._..-.,.____-._- 41

faunules of..-..--..--..-..--------- 41-42

plate showing...................... 28

Huber, Ky., faunules near................ 22

section near ........................... 21

Indiana, sections in Kentucky and, plate

showing -.....---.-...-.....--.. 16

Ithaca fauna, occurrence of. 72-77,89-90,96,108 

Ithaca member, occurrence of............ 84

Jeffersonville, Ind., section near, faunule

of............................... 18

section near, plate showing........... 16

Jeffersonville limestone, faunules of.... 18-19,

21,22 

section of..........'.......--....-.....- 18

thickness of-.....--........-...---..--. 17

unconformity betweeen New Albany

shale and, figure showing..... 20,21

Jennings shale, faunule of... ~ -.--..., 34-38,41 

occurrence of.-. .-..-------------- 34,40,54

Junction City, Ky., section near.. -------- 26

section near, plate showing........... 16

Kentucky, Devonian and Mississippian of 

Virginia, West Virginia, and, 

fossil faunas of ................ 9-58

sections in .......................~..... 16-26

plate showing....._.. .._..._._._..- 16

Kimberling Creek, Va., black shale near, 

fossils found in _..___....__....

rocks exposed on...,____.____.'.___.... 31

Kimberling shale, faunules of .__. -.. . 32,33 

occurrence of------------...----. -...-. 31,32

"Knobstone" formation, faunule of.. 25 ,'26,30 

See also Riverside; New Providence.

Page. 

Leroy, Pa., sectionat-...........--..--.... 92

section at, correlation of, comments

on __...._...._....._........_. 109-110

f ormational correlation of...... 108-109

general divisions of ............... 108

See also Gulf Brook; Granville

Center; Towanda Narrows. 

Lesley, J. P., on Catawissa section......_ 79

Lewistown limestone, correlation of..... 45

faunule of.............1.-..--.-.-..... 40,41

Lilley, A. T., acknowledgments to.--.... 93

Little Stone Gap, Va., faunule at........ 29

Lone Knob, Ky., section at................ 26

section at, plate showing ........-. . 16

Louisville, Ky., section at................. 18

section at, faunule of.................. 19

plate showing.............!........ 16

Lower Carboniferous. See Mississippian. 

Lower Helderberg formation, correlation

of............................... 45

Mansfield, Pa., section near............... 118

section near, correlation of the Tioga, 

Canoe Camp, and Armenia 

Mountain sections and-...-. 127-129 

faunal chart of...... ......... 122-123

faunas of the Tioga and Canoe 

Camp sections,'and comments 

on......__ _'...._.......... 129-130

faunules of ...................... 118-120

plate showing ...................... 130

Mauch Chunk formation, occurrence of. 108,

110,130

Meniscus limestone, correlation of._-_... 45 

Mississippian and Devonian of Virginia, 

West Virginia, and Kentucky, 

fossil faunas of ............... 9-58

Monterey sandstone, correlation of...... 45

Muldrows Hill, Ky., section at............ 24

section at, plate showing .__. .__. . 16

New Albany (black) shales, faunules of.. 19,20

thickness of ..._._-_............_... 17,20,49

unconformity between Jeffersonville 

limestone and, figures showing ............................. 20,21

New Haven, Ky., faunule near.._ _....... 23

sections at and near......._._-__.-._... 23,24

sections near, plate showing.......... 76

New Providence shale, faunule of........ 21,23

thickness of...... ................\..... 17

Niagara limestone, correla tion of........ 45

faunuleof ....................... 17,20,22,23

occurrence of.......................... 16

thickness of..................... i...... 20

Nunda fauna, occurrence of.............. 71,88

Nunda formation,note on name of....... 86

occurrence of.--....--....-...-...-- 85,86,91

Ohio Falls, section near.'....:............. 17

section near, plate showing........... 16

Ordovicianjimestone, faunule of--------- 24,25

Oriskany formation, correlation of ...... 45

faunuleof ....................... 28,29,34,43

See also Giles formation. 

Oswayo (Pocono) formation, occurrenceof .................... 108,110,128,132

of South Mountain section, plate

showing .......................' 96
GENERAL INDEX. 137

Page.

Parksville, Ky., section at, plate showing.......................... 16

section and faunules at............... 25

Pennsylvania, Devonian sections in, fossil

faunas of...................... 59-133

sections in, plate showing............. 130

Pocono formation. See Oswayo formation. 

Portage group, note on name of.......... 86

Powell River, East Fork of, faunule at... 29

section and faunule on... ....-..-.. 28

Prosser, C. S., on fossils of Tully horizon. 70 

Rensselseria beds, faunule of ........'...-- 28,34

Rensselteria fauna of the Appalachians,

table showing.................. 46-49

Riley, Ky., faunules at and near ......... 24-25

Riverside sandstone, faunule of.......... 21

thickness of............................ 17

Rockford limestone, absence of fossils

in...........:................... 19

thickness of.....--...-.....---....----- 17

Rocky Gap, Va., fossils found near ...... 33

Romney shale, fossils found in... 32,34,41,42,54

occurrence and thickness of ...... ,... 31,32

Bound Mountain, Va., rocks at........... 31-32

Salina limestone, correlation of .......... 45

Sellar sburg beds, faunule of.............. 19,22

thickness of............................ 17

Shale, black, at Coyington, Va., faunule

of...........-,.....--...--.-.-..- 53

at Hot Springs, Va., f auuule of....... 63

Shale, fauna of............................ 49-50

See also New Albany shale. 

Sharon conglomerate, occurrence of 108,128,130 

South Mountain, Pa., section at........ 105-106

section at, fauna of..............--.--. 106

plate showing...................... 130

zone 12 of, plate showing.......... 96

Stony Brook beds, discussion of........... 81

Stropheodonta (Douvillina) mucronata,

note on. --..............-...---- 35

Tioga, Pa., section at.................... 110-111

section at, correlation of the Mansfield, Canoe Camp, and Armenia Mountain sections and.. 127-129 

faunal chart of.................. 116-117

faunas of Mansfield and Canoe 

Camp sections and, comments 

on............................ 129-130

Page. 

Tioga, Pa., section at, faunules of...... 112-115

section at, plate showing. '. ........ 130

Tioga and Elkland quadrangles, section

for, plate showing............. 130

Tioga County, Pa., sections in Bradford 

County and, correlation of, 

comments on................ 130-133

Towanda Narrows, Pa., section at..... 106-107

section at, fauna of.................. 107-108

plate showing .....:............... 130

Tully limestone, faunule of............... . 70

Unconformity between Jeffersonville 

limestone and New Albany 

shale, figures showing ........ 20,21

Virginia, Buchiola speciosa fauna in, discussion of and table showing . 51-52 

Chemung species in West Virginia

and, list and discussion of..... 57-58

Devonian and Mississippian of Kentucky, West Virginia, and, fossil faunas of ............--..--- 9-58

faunules of sections in West Virginia 

and, range and environment 

of.. .-.. --------....--. - 53-54

sections in West Virginia and........ 27-44

comments on .:.................... 44-45

plate showing ..................... 28

Waverly fauna,occurrence of............ 30-31

Waverly group, fossil sponges in......... 29

West Virginia, Chemung species in Virginia and, list and discussion 

of.- .-- - - - - 57-58 

Devonian and Mississippian of Kentucky, Virginia, and, fossil 

faunas of... --....... ..... 9-58

faunules of sections in Virginia and,

range and environment of.... 52-54

sections in Virginia and .............. 27-44

comments on ...................... 44-45

plate showing ..................... 28

White, I. C., on Catawissa section........ 78

White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., faunules

found at and near._........ 34-38

sections at and near................... 34,37

sections at, plate showing .......... 28

Williams, H. S., on Camarotoechia cf.

eximia......................... 101

on southern Devonian formations.... 15

Wolf Creek, Va., rocks exposed on....... 31

INDEX TO PALEO.NTOLOGIC NAMES.

A.

Page.

Actinopteria boydi ________ 10, 35, 55 

decussata ' __ 69, 78 

epsilon ______ 42, 52, 53, 55, 89, 91 

cf. eta ____________- 36,55

perstrialis- 36, 55,.72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 84 

cf. perstrialis __-___ - 72 

sp__________________ 21,

31, 36, 40, 42, 71, 76, 78,114,117

Agoniatites vanuxemi__ 40, 50,-52, 53, 55

Ambocojlia gregaria__ 35,

36, 38, 55, 74, 77, 78, 96, 97, 98,

99,104, 114,117,119,120,122

umbonnta ____. 22

33, 39, 42, 51, 53, 54, 55, 70, 78

sp __________________ 32,48

Amphigeniii cf. elongata______ 32, 47

Amplexus sp______ . 21

Anastrophia internascens- 22 

Anopliji _________________ 50

nucleata _____________ 32,47

sp _.____ 41, 55

Anoplotheca ________ __ - 50

acutiplicata _._______ 40, 51, 53, 55

cf. acutiplicata__________ 41, 53

cf. dichotoma___________ 32, 48

cf. flabellites___________ 43

sp __________________ 42

Aspidocrinus ______________ 49

scutelliformis __________ 33,47

Athyris ___________________ 130

angelica _ N ________ 114,

117, 119, 120, 122, 125, 126, 129, 130 

cf. angelica__ ______ 114,117 

laraellosa ___________ 23,26,30 

spiriferoides ____'. _________ 22, 50

Atrypa aspera __ 18, 70, 75, 77, 78,104,125

hystrix _____________ 36, 55, 57

reticulai-is ___ 17, 18,19, 21, 22, 26,

29, 36, 37, 48, 55, 73, 74, 75, 78,

89, 90, 91, 104, 107, 112, 114, 116

reticularis var. niagarensis___ 17, 22

cf. reticulavis______ ____ 90

spinosa ______________ 36, 37,

39, 54, 55, 98, 103, 104, 112, 113,

116, 118, 122, 124, 125, 126

Aulopora sp______ 28, 46, 71, 78, 88,104

Avicula communis___________ ,28

cf. communis __ _ -_ _ 40, 48

sp _______________J__ 39

Aviculopecten cf. cancellatus___ 114,117

duplicatus _ ----. 114 > 117

prlnceps _________ _- 17

rugaestriatus _____ _ 123

striatus _____-______ 114, 117

- sp ____ 33,35,36,38,55,69,78,123

Bull'. 244 05 10

B.

Page.

Beachia cf. suessana ____ 34, 48

Bellerophon _____ _____ 86 

leda ______________ 41,55,78 

leda var ______________ . 78 

msera ______ __ 76, 77, 78 

(Ptomatis?) rudis________ 104 

sp ___ 30, 31, 39, 73, 77, 78, 113, 117

Blothrophylluffl decorticatum____ 18 

sp _________________ 19

Bothriolepis leidyi __________ 106 

minor ______________ 102,104

Buchiola ___~_ _...._ 56

sp ___________________ 35;

37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 51, 53, 54,

55, 56, 71, 78, 84, 88, 91, 92

Byssopteria radiata __ 118,123,125,126

C.

Calceola cf. plicata__________ 29,46

Callonema bellatulum________ 19

cf. imitator_____________ 19

Calymene niagarensis_________ 22, 23

Camarotcechia contracta______. 31,

32, 33, 37, 55, 119, 122, 130

cf. contracta_________ 26, 33, 38

duplicata _____________ 33,55

eximia _______________ 73, 78

cf. eximia__ 96,100,101,102, 103,104

Sappho __ 21, 25, 32, 35, 55,120,122

stephani _____________ 96,100

104, 107, 113, 114, 116, 120, 122

tethys _______________ 22

ventricosa '__.._______ 28, 29, 47

sp ___ 21, 25, 30, 31, 35, 99,104, 114

Chsetetes sp______,_________ 39, 47

Chonetes _________________ 84

coronatus ____^__ 69, 78, 84, 88,91

cf. coronatus __ __ 41, 53, 55

illinoisensis ________ 21,23,25,26

lepidus ________' 71, 78, 96,104

mucronatus _ _ 17, 19

scitulus ______________ 20

32, 37, 38, 49, 50, 52, 55, 73,

75, 76, 78, 89, 91, 104, 116

setigerus ____ 33,

42, 53, 55, 75, 78, 96, 97, 98,

99, 104, 113, 116, 119, 122

cf. setigerus- _ ____ 42, 51

cf. vicinus____________ 112, 116

yandellauus __ 19

sp. nov ___-._;__________ 32, 47

sp______ 18, 30, 98, 104, 125, 126

Cladochonus ____________ 92

sp ________-__ __ 88, 89, 91

Cladopora sp_________-__ 17, 22, 29

139
140 INDEX TO PALEONTOLOGIO NAMES.

Page.

Clinopistlia antiqna. __ 53 

cf. antiqua __ - 40, 51, 55

Coccosteus macromvis -__ __ 102, 104

Coleolus acicula _____ 42,

52, 53, 55, 73, 78, 88, 89, 91

tenuicinctus _____ 40, 42, 52, 53, 55

sp___________ 37, 40, 41, 42, 53

Conchidium cf. littoni _____ 22 

nysius _._________-_>___ 17 

cf. nysius ________ ____ 22 

sp ___________________ 22

Conocardium cunens_____ ____ 19 

pulchellum __- _________ 26

trlgonale _____________ 17, 18 

, sp _________________ 22

Conularia congregata __ _ 96, 104 

newberryi ________ ___ 31 

sp__________ 30, 39, 55, 97, 104

Cornulites proprins ____________ 17

Crania leoni ___________ _____ 73

sp _ _ 75

Craniella hamilto'niae_________ 55 

cf. hamiltonise_____ 35, 76, 77, 78

Crenipecten cf. ampins_______ 119, 123 

sp_______________ 31, 37, 55

Crinoid fragments__ ___ _ 47

Crinoid joints_____________ 100

Crinoid plate _____________ 34

Crinoid stems_____________ 17, 21, 

30, 31, 39, 41, 55, 71, 72, 

78, 89, 90, 91, 96, 104

Cryptonella __.._______ 85, 103, 109

eudora_____________ 73, 74, 78,

85, 89, 91, 102, 103, 104, 107

cf. eudora ______ 89, 102, 103, 104

sp_______________ 104, 119, 122

Cyathophylltim rugosum ______ 19 

sp _______________ 22, 29, 46

Cyclonema hamiltoniae _____ 69, 78, 84 

multilira _____________ 72, 78 

sp ________________ 73, 74, 78

Cypricardella bellistriata____ 69, 78, 84 

cf. bellistriata___ 98, 104, 124, 126 

gregaria 73, 78, 96, 100, 104 

cf. gregaria _________ 77 

tennis ______________ 98, 104 

sp _________________ 36,55

Cypricardinia sp________ 21, 25, 26

Cyrtina dalmani __<_________ 28,48

. cf. dalmani ____________ 28

hamiltonensis_______ 18, 19, 35,

, 55, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77,

78,89,90,91, 113, 116, 118,

121, 122, 124, 125, 126

rostrata ___________ 40,' 43, 48

Crytolites sp__,.____________ 29 

(?) expansus_________ 48

Cystiphyllum sp___________ 29,46

Cystodictya ______________ 90

cf. bifurcata ___________ 70, 78

meeki ________________ 72

74, 75, 76, 78, 84, 89, 90, 91

Dalmanella carinata_____ 98, 104,109 

elegantula ____________ 17

planiconvexa _ 39, 47

Page.

Dalmanella cf. planiconvexa 28,34 

tenuilineata__ 33, 36, 37, 55, 70, 78 

tioga__ 35, 36, 37, 55, 57, 104, 113, 116 

Dalmanites anchiops var. sobrinus 19 

cf. anchiops _______ 29, 48, 70, 78 

booth! ___________-. __ 70,78 

plenroptyx ___________ 29,48

cf. plenroptyx________ 29

selenurus ______ _ 19

verrucosus __.___ 23

vigilaus _______'._______ 17

sp __________________ 78

Delthyris ________________ 86

mesicostalis _________ 35, 37, 38,

55, 57, 58, 75, 97, 98, 99, 100,

104, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114,

117, 119, 120, 122, 125, 126

Derbya keokuk_______ 21

Diaphorostoma ventricosum____: 40

Dielasma cf. bovidens__ ______ 23

cf. formosa_________ _ 25

sp. nov______ ___ _ 30

Dignomia alveata __________ 98,104

Dinichthys tuberculatus-______ 104

cf. tuberculatus __ _ 98 

Diphyphyllum sp__ 18 

Dipterus (Ctenodus) cf. flabelliformis___________ 103, 104

sp__________________ 101,104

Discina sp _________ _ 18, 21

Douvillina interstriaHs _ 35

pjatonia pectiliaris_______ 34, 39, 43, 47

pumila _______________ 34,47

Echinocaris _____________ 55

Ectenodesma birostratum_ ___ 77, 78, 86

cf. birostratum ___ _ 77

Ectenodictya inflexa__________ 29

Edmondia __ __ __ ___ _ 57

philipi ______1__ 36, 104, 120, 123

cf. philipi ___________ 33,55,104

cf. rhomboidca_________ 35,55

subovata ___________ 37, 55, 96, 104

cf. subovata__________ 100,104 

transversa ____________ 37, 55 

sp. nov ________________ 26

sp _________________ 30,31 

Elymella fabialis______.___ 71, 78 

sp ________________ 97,104 

Eumetria marcyi ___ _ __ 25 

Euneila lincklseni____________ 17.. 19 

Euomphalus sp________ 32, 55, 119, 123

P.

Favosites cf. Cladopora sp_____ 46

hemisphericus __________ 18,19

niagarensis ____ __ 20

sp ________________ 28, 29, 46

Fenestella sp________ 21, 30, 47, 70, 78

Fish bones_'______________ 117

Fish remains______________ 112

Fistulipora sp___________ 102, 104
INDEX TO PALEONTOLOGIC NAMES. 141

Page.

Glossites of. depressus-- ___ 119, 123 

lingualis _________'- 113,117 

procei'us __ _ - _!.___ 114, 1.17 

sp __________________ 30

Glyptodesma erectum___ 75, 78. 80 

cf. e rectum _ _ _ 77 

occidentale ____.______ 10

Goniatites ________________ 53,92 

sp________ 32, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, 88

Goniophora chemungensis __ 32, 

.55,96,97,104

cf. chemungensis______ 98 

cf. truncata______-__ 77, 78

Grammysia cf. bisulcata_______ 33, 55 

cf. circularis __________ 125, 126 

siibarcnata _____ 32, 33, 55, 89, 91 

sp__ 37, 73, 76, 78, 89, 91, 104, 119, 122

Gypidula pseudogaleata ___ 28, 29, 39, 47 

romingeri vai1 . indianeusis _ 18

H.

HalysJtes catenulatus______ 17, 20, 22

Hebeirtella cf. occidentalis _____ 25 

Heliolites sp _____________ 17 

Hipparionyx proxiruus_________ 34, 47

Hokmema rugosa__________ 102, 104 

Holopea antiqua____________ 28, 48 

 sp _________________ 19 

Holoptychius ________ 78, 79, 82, 83, 84

fllosus _____________ 102, 104 

Homalonotus sp ___________ 28, 48 

Hyolithes aclis ________ 40, 52, 53, 55

sp _________________..- 40 

Hypothyris cuboides__ ______ 70

L.

Leda dlversa___ 37, 55, 71, 72, 78, SS, 91 

cf. obscimi_____________ 89, 91 

sp _________________ 71,78 

Leiopteria cf. bigsbyi_______ 72, 75, 78 

cf. sayi________________ 104 

sp _______- _________ 25,96,104

Leiorhynchus globuliforme _____ 71

laura __________ 35, 36, 37, 51, 55

cf. laura_____________.._ 42, 53

limitare ______ 40, 42, 50, 51, 53, 55

rnesicostale ..____________ 37,

38, 55, 69, 71, 72, 73. 76, 77,

78, 81, 84, 85, 89, 91, 114, 116

quadrlcostatum _______ 19, 49, 50

cf. quadricostatum _______ 20

slnuatum _____________ 104

Leptsena rhomboidalis- 28, 29, 32, 39, 42, 47

Leptoccelia sp __ _ 34

Leptodesma complanatum -'.________ 36, 55

creon ______________ 124,126 

extenuatuui ______,____ 38, 55

cf. juvens__________-__ 55

lichas ________________ 36,

55, 57, 104, 112, 113, 117, 119, 122

matheri ______________ 32, 55

Page.

Leptodesma naviforme ________ 38, 55

potens __________ 32, 33, 55, 104

cf. potens______.___ 33

potens var. juveue_____ 32, 33, 38

protextum _____________ 36, 55

rogersi _______________ 38, 55

sociale ____________ 40, 52, 53, 55

spinigerurn _______ 96, 97, 99,104

cf. spinigeruni-..________ 99, 104

sp __________________ 30,

33, 37, 40, 73, 77, 78,

96, 98, 100, 101, 104, 107,

113, 117, 119, 123, 125, 126

Leptostfophia interstrialis ______ 35

See Stropheodonta (Leptostrophia).

Licheualin cf. torta__________ 40,47 

sp __________________ 39 

Lingula _______________ 84 

gannensis __ _______ " 30 

ligea _________ 29, 49, 50, 52, 55 

cf. ligea___________ 36

spatulata _________ 19, 20, 49, 50

sp ______________ 71,78,97,104

Lingulodisciua newberryi______ 31

Loxonema _____________,_._ 53

cf. loBviusculmn _____________ 78

sp. nov______:____ _ 26

sp ____^___:______ 28,30,38,

48, 55, 74, 76, 77, 78, 119, 123

Lunulicai'clium curtura_______ 71, 78, 84

Lyellia papillata____________ 17

Lyriopecten ti-icostatus_______ 36

cf. tricostatus_______ _ 35, 55

M.

Macrochilina cf. hnmiltoniae_____ 71,78

Mncrodon chemungensis__ 55, 57, 119,123

cf. chemungensis- ___ 3G, 112, 117

hamiltoniaj ________ _ 91

cf. hamiltoniie___________ 88

cf. newarkensis_________ 25

sp. ' nov_______________ 90,91

sp _____________ 31,37,73,78

Manticoceras complanatum__ _ 89

cf. complanatum______ 91, 112,117

patersoni ____ __ __ 10-}

. sp _'____________ 89

Meristella cf. bella___-______ 28,48

liBvis ________________ -28, 48

lata _____________.. 34, 39, 48

cf. nasuta______________ 69, 78

subquadrata _______ 28,29,39,48

sp ________________ 28,33,48

Meristina maria__.. __ _ 22

Michelinia cylindrica_____ __ 18

Modiella pygnisea_________.._ 100, 104

Modiomorpha afflnis______ __ 19

concentrica ____ __ 84

cf. concentrica______ __ 69, 78

mytiloides ___ 19

cf. neglecta__ 89,91
142 INDEX TO PALEONTOLOGIC NAMES.

Page.

Modiomorpha quadrula _ _ 38, 55

cf. quadrula__________ 112,117

subalata ________ 55, 89,100,104

subalata var. chemungensis- '. 32,

33, 55, 73, 78, 89, 91

sp ___________ 31, 33,102, 104

Mnrchisonia sp_______-__ 24, 89, 91

Mytllarca carlnata _____ _ 89

chemungensis ____ _ 32,

33, 35, 37, 55, 57, 114, 117

regularis ____________ 33, 55

sp __________________ 77,78

N.

Nucleospira concinna __ _ 53, 55 

cf. concinna ________ 40, 51

sp __________________ 28,32

Nucula bellistriata________ 71, 78, 104 

cf. bellistriata __________ 96 

corbuliformis ________ 40, 41, 52, 

53, 55, 76, 78, 89, 91, 96, 104 

cf. corbuliformis _________ 89 

diffldens ______________ 77,78 

lirata ________________ 42 

cf. lirata __________ 40, 52, 53, 55 

cf. varicosa___________ 100,104 

Sp 30, 42, 71, 72, 73, 78, 89, 91, 100, 104

Nuculana spatulata_ _ 30

Nuculites nyssa_____ 78 

triqueter _________ 40, 52, 53, 55 

cf. triqueter _________ 71 

sp ______ _ 71,78

Nyassa cf. arguta 32, 33, 55

O.

Onychodus sp______ 98,104 

Orbiculoidea doria_________ 41, 53, 55 

lodiensis var. media__ 100, 104, 107 

cf. lodiensis var. media _ 40, 53, 55 

neglecta _____________ 35, 55 

sp _______ 30, 32, 33, 36, 119, 122

Oi'this ________________ 86

carinata _______-___ 36

interlineata ___________ 36

cf. livia____________ 18

tioga _________________ 36

sp ___________ 22,32,34,39,47

Orthoceras bebryx var. cayuga 35,

52, 53, 55, 88, 91

cf. fulgidum_________ 72,73,78

sp __ 30, 33, 42, 73, 76, 78, 98,104,117

Ortnonata parvula_________ 100,104

Orthothetes chemungensis_ 19, 35, 37, 38,

55, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 107,

112, 113, 114, 116, 118, 119,

120, 122, 124, 125, 126, 130

cf. chemungensis___.______ 36, 98

. chemungensis var. arctostriatus__ 17, 38, 39, 42, 51, 53, 55

crenistria _____________ 21, 25

woolworthanus ____-__ 28, 40, 47

Qstracods " _____ _, ^ --_ , , 41, 55

P.

Page.

Palaeanatina cf. typa________ 98, 104 

Palseoneilo bedfordensis _______ 25, 31

bisulcata ______ 36, 55, 96, 98, 104 

cf. bisulcata___________ 96 

brevis ______ 32, 35, 37, 52, 53, 55 

cf. brevis______________ 77, 78 

constricta _____________ 37, 

42, 52, 53, 55, 73, 78, 96, 104 

contracta ____________ 100,104 

cf. elongata ____________ 104 

emarginata l-69, 71, 72, 78, 84, 104 

cf. emarginata______ _ 98 

fllosa _______________ 36, 

37, 55, 76, 78, 88, 91 113, 117 

cf. fllosa______________ 72 

perplana ___________ 30, 96,104 

plana ___________ 36, 55, 69, 72, 

73, 76, 77, 78, 89, 90, 91, 96 

sulcatina _____________ 30 

tenuistriata __________ 104

cf. tenuistriata_________- 96

sp__________ 30, 35, 37, 41, 71,

77, 78, 90, 91, 99, 100, 104

Paleschara sp _____________ 74, 78

Panenka sp___________ 38, 42, 52, 55

Paracardium doris_ 35, 40, 41, 42, 51, 53, 55

Pararca transversa________ 42, 52, 55

Parodiceras discoideuin________ 35,

40, 42, 51, 52, 53, 55

Pentamerella arata __'_.,______ 17,19

sp __________________ 22

Pentamerus oblongus__________ 22

"Phacops cristata ____________ 29 

cf. cristata _____________ 28,48 

cristata var. pipa_________ 17 

logani ________________ 28,48 

rana __ 21, 38, 39, 54, 55, 70, 78, 84 

Phaethonides sp________._____ 26, 30

Pholadella radiata _______ 96, 97, 109

Pholidops cf. arenaria________ 32,47

sp ____ ______ 41, 55

Pholidostrophia iowensis ______ 69, 78 

Phthonia sp _______________ 36,55 

I'inna sp ______________.__ 31

Plant remains_____________ 71

Platyceras carinatum________ 17

cf. conicum______________ 89, 91

dumosum ._____________ 17, 18

echinatum ___________ 17

cf. gebhardi __________ 29,34,48

herzeri __________ __ 26

pyramidatum __________ 28, 48

robustum _____________ 39,48

ventricosum ___________ 34

sp ______________ 21, 22, 26, 28,

30, 48, 70, 73, 78, 113, 117

Platyostoma lineatum_________ 18

ventricosum ___________ 32, 39

Platystrophia bodensis________ 25

crassa _______________ 24

laticosta ____:________ 25

lynx --_____________________ 24,25

Plethospira sociaUs_,_,__, 38, 52, 53, 55
INDEX TO PALEONTOLOGIC NAMES. 143

Page.

Pleurodlctyum problematicum _ 17, GO, 78

Pleurotomaria _-_-_______ 49

capillaria _____________ 89,91

(Clathrospira?) capillaria___ 104

stulta _______________ 30

sp. nov_______________ 71, 78

sp_____________ 19, 20, 30, 37

39, 40, 50, 55, 78, 75, 76, 78

Polypora sp_____________ 17, 28, 47

Productella ______________ 57, 86

ai-ctirostrata ____ 98.104, .119,122

lioydi ______________ 119,122

hallana_______ 85, 86, 89, 91, 92

hirsuta_____ 33, 36, 37, 55, 57, 81

lachrymosa____ 37, 38, 55, 57, 107,

113, 114, 116, 119, 120,

122, 124, 125, 126, 130

cf. lachrymosa __________ 113,

116, 124, 125, 126

lachrymosa var. stigmata____ 33 

shumardana __ ___ _____ 25 

cl!. shumardana._________ 25 

speciosa ___________ 57,

73, 75, 76, 77, 84, 85, 89,

90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 104

cf. speoiosa___________ 73,90

spinulicosta _____________ 18

cf. spinulicosta__________ 37, 55 

stigmata _____________ 55, 57 

cf. subulata____________ 35, 55 

sp_____________ 32, 35, 96, 113 

Producing alternatus____'. _____ 25

burlingtonensis___________ 21, 25

cora _-_ ___________ 31

cora var_____________ 30 

punctatus ____________ 25 

scrnireticulatus _________ 23, 25 

.cf. semireticulatus_______ 30

cf. wortheni___________ 30

sp________________ 26, 30, 31

Proetus auriculatus____________ 26

canalicnlatus __________ 18

crassimarginatus ______ 17, 19, 21 

cf. crassimarginatus______ 19

protubcrans __________*._ 48

sp _______________ 19, 28, 48

Prolecanites greeni ____________ 30

Psilophyton sp __________ 78, 98, 104 

Pterinea chemungensis________ 77, 78

rep.roba? _ _________ _ 91

cf. reproba_______.____ 90 

(vertumnia) reversa________ 36, 57

sp________________ 118, 123

Pterinopecten vertumnus_______ 104

sp__________ 36, 37, 55, 89, 91

Pterochfenia fragile._____ _ 41,

42, 51, 52, 53, 55, 71, 78, 84

cf. fragile (large var.)_ _ 42

Ptychodesma sp. nov _ _ 19

Ptychospira .cf. sexplicata______ 26

Pugnax __-_________________ 86

pugnus __ 76, 77, 78, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92 

cf. pugnus 75

R.

Page.

Rensselaeria sequiradiata ____ 39, 40, 47 

cuinberlandiiB __________ 43.47 

cf. marylandica_________-_____ 34,47

mutabilis ____________ 28,48 

ovoides ____________ 34,43,48

sp _________________ 28,48

Reticularia flmbriata _______ 22, 48, 50

cf. fimbriata___________ 29

Icevis __________-_____ 72,

73, 76, 78, 84, 85, 88, 91, 92

pseudoline'ata________ 25, 26, 30

Rhipidomella cf. cuniberlandiae___ 43, 47 

livia __l_______________ 21 

musculosa ______ 34, 39, 43, 47 

oblata__________ 28, 29, 39, 47 

cf. oblatu_____________ 89 

oweni _______________ 21,23 

vanuxemi ___________ 69,78,84 

sp _________________ 28

Rhynchonella acutiplicata____ 28,29,47 

contvacta __________ 101 

co'ntracta var. saxatilis_____ 101 

exirnia _ ___ __ 101 

oblata ________________ 34,47 

stricklandi ____________ 22 

sulciplicata __________ __ 39

sp __________________ 32,47

Khynchotrema formosum_______ 28, 47

Roemerella grandis_______ 47 

cf. grandis____________ 28

Sanguinolites sp______________ 72,76,78

Schizobolus concentricus _______ 19, 

29, 49, 50, 52, 55

truncatus _______ 32, 34, 49, 52, 55 

Schizodus chemungensis _____ 112,117 

chemungensis var. quadrangularis __________ 89,9.1

oblatus _____________ 112, 117

sp ____________ 30, 31, 96,104

Schizophoria striatula__ 17,18, 36, 37, 38,

55, 71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 85,

89, 90, 91, 99, 100, 103, 104,

107, 113, 114, 116, 118, 119,

120, 122, 124, 125, 126, 130

cf. striatula____________ 19, 39

tioga - ______ _ 57

sp _______________ 25,36,54

Spathella typica__ 89, 90, 91, 98,100,104

sp __________ 30, 36, 55, 100, 104

Sphenotus cf. archseformis____ 112

contrnctus ____________ 32,

55, 57, 114, 119, 120, 122 

flavins _______________ 31 

cf. rigidus_____________ 119,122

solenoides __________ 97, 104

undatus __________ 37, 55

sp 26, 33, 38, 100, 103, 104, 107, 114

Spirifer _____________ 86

acuminatus 17, 19

arctiseginentus ___ _ 18
144 INDEX TO PALEONTOLOGIC NAMES.

Page. 

Spirifer arenosus______ 34, 48

cf. nrenosus ________________ 39, 43

byrnesi _________-___ 17, IS

concinnus ___________ 3!), 40, 48

cumberliindiiB _________ 29, 32, 48 

cyclopterus ________ 28, 29, 33, 48 

cf. cyelopterus ___________ _ , 40

cf. davisU_____________ 22 

disjuncti.is -_-_-______ -_ 32,

34, 36, 37, 38, 55, 56, 57, 79, 

81, 82, 83, 86, 91, 94, 101, 102, 

103, 104, 107, 108, 109, 11.1, 

112, 113, 114, 1.16, 118, 119, 

120, 122, 124, 1.25, 126, 130 

euruteines __ _ 18

granulosus ____.____ 69, 70, 78, 84 

gregarius .___________ 17, 18, 19 

keokuk ____..___________ 25, 31

laevis ___________-_ _ 85 

lateralis ________- _ 25 

marionensis ___________-'__ 23, 25, 30

medialis ______________ 78,84 

medialis (S. audacuhis) ___ _ 69 

mcsicostalis ________ _ 81 

mesistrialis _:_____ 73, 74. 78,

79, 84, 85, 91, 98, 99, 100, 104 

cf. mesistrialis__________ 99 

mortonanus _________ _ _ 23. 26

murchisoni _______ 34, 39, 43, 48 

oweni _______________ 19

pennatus _____ 69, 70, 78, 84, 88, 91

pennatus vnr. posterns 57,

58, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,

77, 78, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91

perlamellosus var________ 29

(Delthyris) cf. perlamellosus __ 48

radiatus ______________ 22

segmentus _______-__ 19, 22

subattenuatus _______ _ 19

suborbicularis ________ 21,23,26 

varicosus _______ 17, 19, 21, 22

whitneyi 56 

sp ____ 23, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 48

Spiriferina cf. solidirostris ________ 30

subelliptica __________.__ 25,26 

Stictopo.a ___________ 87

sp ______________ 28,47

Streblopteria sp____ 25 

Stromatopora sp_________________ 17

Strombodes striatus_____________ 17

Strophalosia truncata_________ 40, 51, 55

Stropheodonta beckii_________ 28,47

cf. beckii_________-__ __ 40

cavumbona ________________ 28

demissa 17, 18, 19, 21, 36, 37, 55, 85 

cf. demissa ___________ 77, 78

hemispherica ___________ 17, 18

(Douvillina) inaecjuistriata ___ 69,

78, 112, 130

(Leptostrophia) ,interstrialis_ 35, 57,

74, 75, 78, 84, 88, 89, 90, 91

lincklteni _____________ 28, 47

Page.

Stropheodonta magniflca ______ 28,47

(Douvillina) niucronata_____ 35

36, 37, 38, 55, 57, 97, .99,

100, 103, 104, 109, 112, 113

116, 124, 125, 126, 130

(Leptostropliia) perplana____ 17

18, 19, 2.1

(Leptostrophia) perplana var.

nervosa____ 55, 74, 75, 78,

. 100, 103, 104, 112, 116, 130

cf. planulata ___________ 28, 47

sp __________________ 32, 39,

43, 47, 70, 78, 113, 114, 116

Strophodonta cayuta, n. s__ ___ 35

mucronata ___________:_ 35

Strophomena interstrialis._______ 35

mucronata ____________ 35

Strophonella _____________ 86, 130

crelata____ 36, 55, 57, 112, 113, 116

118, 122, 124, 125, 126, 129

cavumbona ______ _ 47

Styliola flssurella___________ 38, 40,

41, 42, 51, 52, 53, 55, 70, 78

Syringopora sp_____________ 19

Syringothyris carter! __________ 21, 30

 texta _________________ 25, 26 

sp __________________ 30

T.

Tentaculites bellnlus_________ 96, 104 

cf. bellulus___________ 100, 104 

elongatns ________..__ 28,32,48

gracilistriatus 40, 42, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55

spiculus ______ 70, 74, 75, 78, 89, 91

sp ___________________ 29,48

Thecia minor ________________ IS

Trematopora sp____'.__________ 97,104

Trematospira multistriata_______ 39, 48

Trochonema rec.tilatera _______ 18

Tropidoleptus ____________ 44, 50, 56

carinatus __________ 22, 42, 50,

5,5, 69, 73, 78, 84, 85, 88, 91

Turbo shumardi____________ 19

U.

Uncinnlus campbellanus________ 28, 47 

mutabilis ___________ 39, 40, 47

nobilis ' __,.____________ 39.47 

cf. stricklandi __________ 17

Zaphrentis ______________ 53 

dalei _______________ 23

gigantea _______________ 18, 19

cf. simplex______ 70,78,125,126 

cf. stokesi____________ 22 

ungula ______________ 18

sp____ 17, 21, 26, 28, 29, 30, 36, 39, 

42, 46, 55, 74, 78, 113, 116