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May 22, 2008

FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND 

RODENTICIDE ACT

[As Amended Through P.L. 110–246, Effective May 22, 2008]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

U.S.C. Act Sec. Page

7 U.S.C.

prec. 121 1. Short title and table of contents .................... 3

136 2. Definitions ....................................................... 7

136a 3. Registration of pesticides ............................... 16

136a–1 4. Reregistration of registered pesticides .......... 36

136c 5. Experimental use permits ............................. 58

136d 6. Administrative review; suspension ............... 59

136e 7. Registration of establishments ...................... 65

136f 8. Books and records .......................................... 66

136g 9. Inspection of establishments, etc. ................. 66

136h 10. Protection of trade secrets and other infor- 68 

mation.

136i 11. Use of restricted use pesticides; applicators 70

136j 12. Unlawful acts ................................................ 72

136k 13. Stop sale, use, removal, and seizure ........... 75

136l 14. Penalties ........................................................ 76

136m 15. Indemnities ................................................... 77

136n 16. Administrative procedure; judicial review .. 80

136o 17. Imports and exports ..................................... 80

136p 18. Exemption of Federal and State agencies .. 82

136q 19. Storage, disposal, transportation, and re- 82 

call.

136r 20. Research and monitoring ............................. 87

136s 21. Solicitation of comments; notice of public 87 

hearings.

136t 22. Delegation and cooperation ......................... 87

136u 23. State cooperation, aid, and training ........... 88

136v 24. Authority of States ....................................... 88

136w 25. Authority of Administrator .......................... 89

136w–1 26. State primary enforcementresponsibility .. 93

1
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May 22, 2008

FIFRA 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued

136w–2 27. Failure by the State to assure enforcement 94 

of State pesticide use regulations.

136w–3 28. Identification of pests; cooperation with 94

Department of Agriculture’s program.

136w–4 29. Annual report ............................................... 95

136w–5 30. Minimum requirements for training of 95 

maintenance applicators and service technicians.

136w–6 31. Environmental Protection Agency minor 95 

use program.

136w–7 32. Department of Agriculture minor use pro- 96 

gram.

136w–8 33. Pesticide registration service fees ............... 97

136x 34. Severability ................................................... 109

136y 35. Authorization for appropriations ................. 109

Bracketed material and footnotes did not appear in Acts.
May 22, 2008

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3 FIFRA

AN ACT

Sec. 1

To regulate the marketing of economic poisons and devices, and for 

other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the

United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. ø7 U.S.C. prec. 121¿ SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act’’.

(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.— 1–1

Section 1. Short title and table of contents. 

(a) Short title.

(b) Table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definitions.

(a) Active ingredient. 

(b) Administrator.

(c) Adulterated. 

(d) Animal.

(e) Certified applicator, etc. 

(1) Certified applicator. 

(2) Private applicator.

(3) Commercial applicator.

(4) Under the direct supervision of a certified applicator.

(f) Defoliant.

(g) Desiccant.

(h) Device.

(i) District court.

(j) Environment.

(k) Fungus.

(l) Imminent hazard.

(m) Inert ingredient.

(n) Ingredientstatement.

(o) Insect.

(p) Label and labeling.

(1) Label.

(2) Labeling.

(q) Misbranded.

(r) Nematode.

(s) Person.

(t) Pest.

(u) Pesticide.

(v) Plant regulator.

(w) Producer and produce.

(x) Protect health and the environment.

(y) Registrant.

(z) Registration.

(aa) State.

(bb) Unreasonable adverse effects on the environment.

(cc) Weed.

(dd) Establishment.

(ee) To use any registered pesticide in a manner inconsistent with 

its labeling.

(ff) Outstanding data requirement. 

(gg) To distribute or sell.

Sec. 3. Registration of pesticides.

1–1 So in original. The table of contents does not correspond to the contents of the Act. 

Public Law 104–170 did not make conforming amendments to the table of contents.
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Sec. 1 FIFRA 4

(a) Requirement of registration. 

(b) Exemptions.

(c) Procedure for registration. 

(1) Statement required.

(2) Data in support of registration.

(3) Time for acting with respect to application.

(4) Notice of application.

(5) Approval of registration.

(6) Denial of registration.

(7) Registration under special circumstances.

(8) Interim administrative review.

(d) Classification of pesticides.

(1) Classification for general use, restricted use, or both.

(2) Change in classification.

(3) Change in classification from restricted use to general use.

(e) Products with same formulation and claims.

(f) Miscellaneous.

(1) Effect of change of labeling or formulation.

(2) Registration not a defense.

(3) Authority to consult other Federal agencies.

Sec. 4. Reregistration of registered pesticides.

(a) General rule.

(b) Reregistration phases.

(c) Phase one.

(1) Priority for reregistration.

(2) Reregistration lists.

(3) Judicial review.

(4) Notice to registrants.

(d) Phase two.

(1) In general.

(2) Notice of intent to seek or not to seek reregistration.

(3) Missing or inadequate data.

(4) Time periods.

(5) Cancellation and removal.

(6) Suspensions and penalties.

(e) Phase three.

(1) Information about studies.

(2) Time periods.

(3) Cancellation.

(4) Guidelines.

(5) Monitoring.

(f) Phase four.

(1) Independent review and identification of outstanding data requirements.

(2) Time periods.

(3) Suspensions and penalties.

(g) Phase five.

(1) Data review.

(2) Reregistration and other actions.

(h) Compensation of data submitter.

(i) Fees.

(1) Initial fee for food or feed use pesticide active ingredients.

(2) Final fee for food or feed use pesticide active ingredients.

(3) Fees for other pesticide active ingredients.

(4) Reduction or waiver of fees for minor use and other pesticides.

(5) Maintenance fee. 

(6) Other fees.

(7) Apportionment.

(j) Exemption of certain registrants.

(k) Reregistration and expedited processing fund.

(1) Establishment.

(2) Source and use.

(3) 1–2Review of inert ingredients; expedited processing of similar applications.

(4) Unused funds.

(5) Accounting.

(l) Judicial review.

Sec. 5. Experimental use permits.

(a) Issuance.

(b) Temporary tolerance level.

(c) Use under permit.

(d) Studies.

(e) Revocation.

(f) State issuance of permits.

(g) Exemption for agricultural research agencies.

Sec. 6. Administrative review;suspension.

1–2 So in original (as added by sec. 501(g)(1) of P.L. 108–199). Probably should be indented 

further.
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5 FIFRA Sec. 1

(a) Cancellation after five years. 

(1) Procedure.

(2) Information.

(b) Cancellation and change in classification or labels.

(c) Suspension.

(1) Order.

(2) Expedite hearing.

(3) Emergency order.

(4) Judicial review.

(d) Public hearings and scientific review.

(e) Conditional registration.

(f) General provisions.

(1) Voluntary cancellation.

(2) Publication of notice.

(3) Transfer of registration of pesticides registered for minor agricultural uses.

(g) Notice for stored pesticides with canceled or suspended registrations.

(1) In general. 

(2) Copies.

(h) Judicial review.

Sec. 7. Registration of establishments.

(a) Requirements.

(b) Registration.

(c) Information required.

(d) Confidential records and information.

Sec. 8. Records.

(a) Requirement.

(b) Inspection.

Sec. 9. Inspection of establishments, etc.

(a) In general.

(b) Warrants.

(c) Enforcement.

(1) Certification of facts to Attorney General.

(2) Notice not required.

(3) Warning notices.

Sec. 10. Protection of trade secrets and other information.

(a) In general.

(b) Disclosure.

(c) Disputes.

(d) Limitations.

(e) Disclosure to contractors.

(f) Penalty for disclosure by Federal employees.

(g) Disclosure to foreign and multinational pesticide producers.

Sec. 11. Use of restricted use pesticides; applicators.

(a) Certification procedure.

(1) Federal certification.

(2) State certification.

(b) State plans.

(c) Instruction in integrated pest management techniques.

(d) In general.

(e) Separate standards.

Sec. 12. Unlawful acts.

(a) In general.

(b) Exemptions.

Sec. 13. Stop sale, use, removal, and seizure.

(a) Stop sale, etc., orders.

(b) Seizure.

(c) Disposition after condemnation.

(d) Court costs, etc.

Sec. 14. Penalties.

(a) Civil penalties.

(1) In general.

(2) Private applicator.

(3) Hearing.

(4) Determination of penalty.

(5) References to Attorney General.

(b) Criminal penalties.

(1) In general.

(2) Private applicator.

(3) Disclosure of information.

(4) Acts of officers, agents, etc.

Sec. 15. Indemnities.
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Sec.1 FIFRA

6

(a) General indemnification. 

(1) In general.

(2) Exception. 

(3) Report.

(4) Appropriation.

(b) Indemnification of end users, dealers, and distributors.

(1) End users.

(2) Dealers and distributors.

(3) Source.

(4) Administrativesettlement.

(c) Amount of payment.

(1) In general.

(2) Specialrule.

Sec. 16. Administrative procedure; judicial review.

(a) District court review.

(b) Review by Court of Appeals.

(c) Jurisdiction of district courts.

(d) Notice of judgments.

Sec. 17. Imports and exports.

(a) Pesticides and devices intended for export.

(b) Cancellation notices furnished to foreign governments.

(c) Importation of pesticides and devices.

(d) Cooperation in international efforts.

(e) Regulations.

Sec. 18. Exemption of Federal and State agencies.

Sec. 19. Storage, disposal, transportation, and recall.

(a) Storage, disposal, and transportation.

(1) Data requirements and registration of pesticides.

(2) Pesticides.

(3) Containers, rinsates, and other materials.

(b) Recalls.

(1) In general.

(2) Voluntary recall.

(3) Mandatory recall.

(4) Recall procedure.

(5) Contents of recall plan.

(6) Requirements or procedures.

(c) Storage costs.

(1) Submission of plan.

(2) Reimbursement.

(d) Administration of storage, disposal, transportation, and recall 

programs.

(1) Voluntary agreements.

(2) Rule and regulation review.

(3) Limitations.

(4) Seizure and penalties.

(e) Container design.

(1) Procedures.

(2) Compliance.

(f) Pesticide residue removal.

(1) Procedures.

(2) Compliance.

(3) Solid Waste Disposal Act.

(g) Pesticide container study.

(1) Study.

(2) Report.

(h) Relationship to Solid Waste Disposal Act.

Sec. 20. Research and monitoring.

(a) Research.

(b) National monitoring plan.

(c) Monitoring.

Sec. 21. Solicitation of comments; notice of public hearings.

(a) Secretary of Agriculture.

(b) Views.

(c) Notice.

Sec. 22. Delegation and cooperation.

(a) Delegation.

(b) Cooperation.

Sec. 23. State cooperation, aid, and training.

(a) Cooperative agreements.

(b) Contracts for training.

(c) Information and education.

Sec. 24. Authority of States.

(a) In general.

(b) Uniformity.

(c) Additional uses.

Sec. 25. Authority of Administrator.
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7 FIFRA Sec. 1

(a) In General.

(1) Regulations. 

(2) Procedure.

(3) Congressional committees.

(4) Congressional review of regulations. 

(b) Exemption of pesticides.

(c) Other authority.

(d) Scientific advisory panel.

Sec. 26. State primary enforcementresponsibility. 

(a) In general.

(b) Specialrules. 

(c) Administrator.

Sec. 27. Failure by the State to assure enforcement of State pesticide use

regulations.

(a) Referral.

(b) Notice.

(c) Construction.

Sec. 28. Identification of pests; cooperation with Department of Agriculture’s

program. 

(a) In general.

(b) Pest control availability. 

(1) In general.

(2) Report.

(c) Integrated pest management. 

Sec. 29. Annual report.

Sec. 30. Minimum requirements for training of maintenance applicators and service

technicians.

Sec. 31. Environmental Protection Agency minor use program. 

Sec. 32. Department of Agriculture minor use program.

(a) In general.

(b)(1) Minor use pesticide data.

(2) Minor Use Pesticide Data RevolvingFund. 

Sec. 33. Pesticide registration service fees.

(a) Definition of costs. 

(b) Fees.

(1) In general.

(2) Covered pesticide registration applications.

(3) Schedule of covered applications and registration service fees. 

(4) Pending pesticide registration applications.

(5) Resubmission of pesticide registration applications. 

(6) Fee adjustment.

(7) Waivers and reductions. 

(8) Refunds.

(c) Pesticide Registration Fund. 

(1) Establishment.

(2) Transfers to Fund.

(3) Expenditures from Fund.

(4) Collections and appropriations Acts. 

(5) Unused funds.

(d) Assessment of fees.

(1) Definition of covered functions.

(2) Minimum amount of appropriations. 

(3) Use of fees.

(4) Compliance.

(5) Subsequent authority.

(e) Reforms to reduce decision time review periods. 

(f) Decision time review periods.

(1) In general. 

(2) Report.

(3) Applications subject to decision time review periods. 

(4) Start of decision time review period.

(5) Extension of decision time review period. 

(g) Judicial review.

(1) In general. 

(2) Scope.

(3) Timing.

(4) Remedies. 

(h) Accounting.

(i) Auditing.

(1) Financial statements of agencies. 

(2) Components.

(3) Inspector General. 

(j) Personnel levels.

(k) Reports.

(1) In general. 

(2) Contents.

(l) Savings clause.

(m) Termination of effectiveness. 

(1) In general.

(2) Phase out. 

Sec. 34. Severability.

Sec. 35. Authorization for appropriations.

SEC. 2. ø7 U.S.C. 136¿ DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this Act—
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Sec. 2 FIFRA 8

(a) ACTIVE INGREDIENT.—The term ‘‘active ingredient’’ means—

(1) in the case of a pesticide other than a plant regulator, 

defoliant, desiccant, or nitrogen stabilizer, an ingredient which

will prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest;

(2) in the case of a plant regulator, an ingredient which,

through physiological action, will accelerate or retard the rate 

of growth or rate of maturation or otherwise alter the behavior 

of ornamental or crop plants or the product thereof;

(3) in the case of a defoliant, an ingredient which will 

cause the leaves or foliage to drop from a plant;

(4) in the case of a desiccant, an ingredient which will artificially accelerate the drying of plant tissue; and

(5) in the case of a nitrogen stabilizer, an ingredient which 

will prevent or hinder the process of nitrification, 

denitrification, ammonia volatilization, or urease production 

through action affecting soil bacteria.

(b) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Administrator’’ means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(c) ADULTERATED.—The term ‘‘adulterated’’ applies to any pesticide if—

(1) its strength or purity falls below the professed standard 

of quality as expressed on its labeling under which it is sold; 

(2) any substance has been substituted wholly or in part

for the pesticide; or

(3) any valuable constituent of the pesticide has been wholly or in part abstracted.

(d) ANIMAL.—The term ‘‘animal’’ means all vertebrate and invertebrate species, including but not limited to man and other 

mammals, birds, fish, and shellfish.

(e) CERTIFIED APPLICATOR, ETC.—

(1) CERTIFIED APPLICATOR.—The term ‘‘certified applicator’’ 

means any individual who is certified under section 11 as authorized to use or supervise the use of any pesticide which is 

classified for restricted use. Any applicator who holds or applies 

registered pesticides, or uses dilutions of registered pesticides 

consistent with subsection (ee), only to provide a service of controlling pests without delivering any unapplied pesticide to any 

person so served is not deemed to be a seller or distributor of 

pesticides under this Act.

(2) PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—The term ‘‘private applicator’’ 

means a certified applicator who uses or supervises the use of 

any pesticide which is classified for restricted use for purposes

of producing any agricultural commodity on property owned or 

rented by the applicator or the applicator’s employer or (if applied without compensation other than trading of personal services between producers of agricultural commodities) on the 

property of another person.

(3) COMMERCIAL APPLICATOR.—The term ‘‘commercial applicator’’ means an applicator (whether or not the applicator is a 

private applicator with respect to some uses) who uses or supervises the use of any pesticide which is classified for restricted use for any purpose or on any property other than as 

provided by paragraph (2).

(4) UNDER THE DIRECT SUPERVISION OF A CERTIFIED APPLICATOR.—Unless otherwise prescribed by its labeling, a pesticide 

shall be considered to be applied under the direct supervision
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9 FIFRA Sec. 2

of a certified applicator if it is applied by a competent person 

acting under the instructions and control of a certified applicator who is available if and when needed, even though such 

certified applicator is not physically present at the time and 

place the pesticide is applied.

(f) DEFOLIANT.—The term ‘‘defoliant’’ means any substance or 

mixture of substances intended for causing the leaves or foliage to 

drop from a plant, with or without causing abscission.

(g) DESICCANT.—The term ‘‘desiccant’’ means any substance or 

mixture of substances intended for artificially accelerating the drying of plant tissue.

(h) DEVICE.—The term ‘‘device’’ means any instrument or contrivance (other than a firearm) which is intended for trapping, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest or any other form of 

plant or animal life (other than man and other than bacteria, virus, 

or other microorganism on or in living man or other living animals); 

but not including equipment used for the application of pesticides 

when sold separately therefrom.

(i) DISTRICT COURT.—The term ‘‘district court’’ means a United 

States district court, the District Court of Guam, the District Court 

of the Virgin Islands, and the highest court of American Samoa.

(j) ENVIRONMENT.—The term ‘‘environment’’ includes water, air, 

land, and all plants and man and other animals living therein, and 

the interrelationships which exist among these.

(k) FUNGUS.—The term ‘‘fungus’’ means any non-chlorophyllbearing thallophyte (that is, any non-chlorophyll-bearing plant of a 

lower order than mosses and liverworts), as for example, rust, 

smut, mildew, mold, yeast, and bacteria, except those on or in living 

man or other animals and those on or in processed food, beverages, 

or pharmaceuticals.

(l) IMMINENT HAZARD.—The term ‘‘imminent hazard’’ means a 

situation which exists when the continued use of a pesticide during 

the time required for cancellation proceeding would be likely to result in unreasonable adverse effects on the environment or will involve unreasonable hazard to the survival of a species declared endangered by the Secretary of the Interior under Public Law 91–135. 

(m) INERT INGREDIENT.—The term ‘‘inert ingredient’’ means an

ingredient which is not active.

(n) INGREDIENT STATEMENT.—The term ‘‘ingredientstatement’’

means a statement which contains—

(1) the name and percentage of each active ingredient, and

the total percentage of all inert ingredients, in the pesticide;

and

(2) if the pesticide contains arsenic in any form, a statement of the percentages of total and water soluble arsenic, calculated as elementary arsenic.

(o) INSECT.—The term ‘‘insect’’ means any of the numerous 

small invertebrate animals generally having the body more or less 

obviously segmented, for the most part belonging to the class 

insecta, comprising six-legged, usually winged forms, as for example, beetles, bugs, bees, flies, and to other allied classes of arthropods whose members are wingless and usually have more than six 

legs, as for example, spiders, mites, ticks, centipedes, and wood lice.

(p) LABEL AND LABELING.—
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Sec. 2 FIFRA 10

vidual under customary conditions of purchase and use, the

May 22, 2008

(1) LABEL.—The term ‘‘label’’ means the written, printed, or 

graphic matter on, or attached to, the pesticide or device or any 

of its containers or wrappers.

(2) LABELING.—The term ‘‘labeling’’ means all labels and 

all other written, printed, or graphic matter—

(A) accompanying the pesticide or device at any time;

or

(B) to which reference is made on the label or in literature accompanying the pesticide or device, except to current official publications of the Environmental Protection 

Agency, the United States Departments of Agriculture and 

Interior, the Department of Health and Human Services, 

State experiment stations, State agricultural colleges, and 

other similar Federal or State institutions or agencies authorized by law to conduct research in the field of pesticides.

(q) MISBRANDED.—

(1) A pesticide is misbranded if—

(A) its labeling bears any statement, design, or graphic

representation relative thereto or to its ingredients which

is false or misleading in any particular;

(B) it is contained in a package or other container or

wrapping which does not conform to the standards established by the Administrator pursuant to section 25(c)(3);

(C) it is an imitation of, or is offered for sale under the

name of, another pesticide;

(D) its label does not bear the registration number assigned under section 7 to each establishment in which it

was produced;

(E) any word, statement, or other information required

by or under authority of this Act to appear on the label or

labeling is not prominently placed thereon with such conspicuousness (as compared with other words, statements,

designs, or graphic matter in the labeling) and in such

terms as to render it likely to be read and understood by

the ordinary individual under customary conditions of purchase and use;

(F) the labeling accompanying it does not contain directions for use which are necessary for effecting the purpose for which the product is intended and if complied

with, together with any requirements imposed under section 3(d) of this Act, are adequate to protect health and the

environment;

(G) the label does not contain a warning or caution

statement which may be necessary and if complied with,

together with any requirements imposed under section 3(d)

of this Act, is adequate to protect health and the environment; or

(H) in the case of a pesticide not registered in accordance with section 3 of this Act and intended for export, the

label does not contain, in words prominently placed thereon with such conspicuousness (as compared with other

words, statements, designs, or graphic matter in the labeling) as to render it likely to be noted by the ordinary indi-
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11 FIFRA Sec. 2

cept viruses, bacteria, or other micro-organisms on or in living man

May 22, 2008

following: ‘‘Not Registered for Use in the United States of

America’’.

(2) A pesticide is misbranded if—

(A) the label does not bear an ingredient statement on

that part of the immediate container (and on the outside

container or wrapper of the retail package, if there be one,

through which the ingredient statement on the immediate

container cannot be clearly read) which is presented or displayed under customary conditions of purchase, except that

a pesticide is not misbranded under this subparagraph if—

(i) the size or form of the immediate container, or

the outside container or wrapper of the retail package,

makes it impracticable to place the ingredient statement on the part which is presented or displayed

under customary conditions of purchase; and

(ii) the ingredient statement appears prominently

on another part of the immediate container, or outside

container or wrapper, permitted by the Administrator;

(B) the labeling does not contain a statement of the use

classification under which the product is registered;

(C) there is not affixed to its container, and to the outside container or wrapper of the retail package, if there be

one, through which the required information on the immediate container cannot be clearly read, a label bearing—

(i) the name and address of the producer, registrant, or person for whom produced;

(ii) the name, brand, or trademark under which

the pesticide is sold;

(iii) the net weight or measure of the content, except that the Administrator may permit reasonable

variations; and

(iv) when required by regulation of the Administrator to effectuate the purposes of this Act, the registration number assigned to the pesticide under this

Act, and the use classification; and

(D) the pesticide contains any substance or substances

in quantities highly toxic to man, unless the label shall

bear, in addition to any other matter required by this Act—

(i) the skull and crossbones;

(ii) the word ‘‘poison’’ prominently in red on a

background of distinctly contrasting color; and

(iii) a statement of a practical treatment (first aid

or otherwise) in case of poisoning by the pesticide.

(r) NEMATODE.—The term ‘‘nematode’’ means invertebrate animals of the phylum nemathelminthes and class nematoda, that is,

unsegmented round worms with elongated, fusiform, or saclike bodies covered with cuticle, and inhabiting soil, water, plants, or plant

parts; may also be called nemas or eelworms.

(s) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ means any individual, partnership, association, corporation, or any organized group of persons

whether incorporated or not.

(t) PEST.—The term ‘‘pest’’ means (1) any insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, or (2) any other form of terrestrial or aquatic

plant or animal life or virus, bacteria, or other micro-organism (ex-
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Sec. 2 FIFRA 12

May 22, 2008

or other living animals) which the Administrator declares to be a 

pest under section 25(c)(1).

(u) PESTICIDE.—The term ‘‘pesticide’’ means (1) any substance 

or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, (2) any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant, and (3) any nitrogen stabilizer, except that the term ‘‘pesticide’’ shall not include any article that is a ‘‘new animal drug’’ 

within the meaning of section 201(w) of the Federal Food, Drug, 

and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321(w)), that has been determined by 

the Secretary of Health and Human Services not to be a new animal drug by a regulation establishing conditions of use for the article, or that is an animal feed within the meaning of section 201(x) 

of such Act (21 U.S.C. 321(x)) bearing or containing a new animal 

drug. The term ‘‘pesticide’’ does not include liquid chemical sterilant 

products (including any sterilant or subordinate disinfectant claims 

on such products) for use on a critical or semi-critical device, as defined in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 

(21 U.S.C. 321). For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term

‘‘critical device’’ includes any device which is introduced directly 

into the human body, either into or in contact with the bloodstream 

or normally sterile areas of the body and the term ‘‘semi-critical device’’ includes any device which contacts intact mucous membranes 

but which does not ordinarily penetrate the blood barrier or otherwise enter normally sterile areas of the body.

(v) PLANT REGULATOR.—The term ‘‘plant regulator’’ means any 

substance or mixture of substances intended, through physiological 

action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of growth or rate of 

maturation, or for otherwise altering the behavior of plants or the 

produce thereof, but shall not include substances to the extent that 

they are intended as plant nutrients, trace elements, nutritional

chemicals, plant inoculants, and soil amendments. Also, the term

‘‘plant regulator’’ shall not be required to include any of such of 

those nutrient mixtures or soil amendments as are commonly 

known as vitamin-hormone horticultural products, intended for improvement, maintenance, survival, health, and propagation of 

plants, and as are not for pest destruction and are nontoxic, nonpoisonous in the undiluted packaged concentration.

(w) PRODUCER AND PRODUCE.—The term ‘‘producer’’ means the 

person who manufacturers, prepares, compounds, propagates, or 

processes any pesticide or device or active ingredient used in producing a pesticide. The term ‘‘produce’’ means to manufacture, prepare, compound, propagate, or process any pesticide or device or active ingredient used in producing a pesticide. The dilution by individuals of formulated pesticides for their own use and according to 

the directions on registered labels shall not of itself result in such 

individuals being included in the definition of ‘‘producer’’ for the 

purposes of this Act.

(x) PROTECT HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT.—The terms ‘‘protect health and the environment’’ and ‘‘protection of health and the 

environment’’ mean protection against any unreasonable adverse effects on the environment.

(y) REGISTRANT.—The term ‘‘registrant’’ means a person who 

has registered any pesticide pursuant to the provisions of this Act. 

(z) REGISTRATION.—The term ‘‘registration’’ includes reregistration.
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13 FIFRA Sec. 2

(aa) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means a State, the District of 

Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, 

Guam, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and American 

Samoa.

(bb) UNREASONABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT.—The term ‘‘unreasonable adverse effects on the environment’’ means (1) any unreasonable risk to man or the environment, 

taking into account the economic, social, and environmental costs 

and benefits of the use of any pesticide, or (2) a human dietary risk 

from residuesthat result from a use of a pesticide in or on any food 

inconsistent with the standard under section 408 of the Federal 

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 346a). 2–1 The Administrator shall consider the risks and benefits of public health pesticides separate from the risks and benefits of other pesticides. In 

weighing any regulatory action concerning a public health pesticide 

under this Act, the Administrator shall weigh any risks of the pesticide against the health risks such as the diseases transmitted by 

the vector to be controlled by the pesticide.

(cc) WEED.—The term ‘‘weed’’ means any plant which grows 

where not wanted.

(dd) ESTABLISHMENT.—The term ‘‘establishment’’ means any 

place where a pesticide or device or active ingredient used in producing a pesticide is produced, or held, for distribution or sale.

(ee) TO USE ANY REGISTERED PESTICIDE IN A MANNER INCONSISTENT WITH ITS LABELING.—The term ‘‘to use any registered pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling’’ means to use any 

registered pesticide in a manner not permitted by the labeling, except that the term shall not include (1) applying a pesticide at any 

dosage, concentration, or frequency less than that specified on the 

labeling unless the labeling specifically prohibits deviation from the 

specified dosage, concentration, or frequency, (2) applying a pesticide against any target pest not specified on the labeling if the application is to the crop, animal, or site specified on the labeling, unless the Administrator has required that the labeling specifically 

state that the pesticide may be used only for the pests specified on 

the labeling after the Administrator has determined that the use of 

the pesticide against other pests would cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment, (3) employing any method of application not prohibited by the labeling unless the labeling specifically 

states that the product may be applied only by the methods specified on the labeling, (4) mixing a pesticide or pesticides with a fertilizer when such mixture is not prohibited by the labeling, (5) any 

use of a pesticide in conformance with section 5, 18, or 24 of this 

Act, or (6) any use of a pesticide in a manner that the Administrator determines to be consistent with the purposes of this Act. 

After March 31, 1979, the term shall not include the use of a pesticide for agricultural or forestry purposes at a dilution less than 

label dosage unless before or after that date the Administrator 

issues a regulation or advisory opinion consistent with the study 

provided for in section 27(b) of the Federal Pesticide Act of 1978, 

which regulation or advisory opinion specifically requires the use of 

definite amounts of dilution.

(ff) OUTSTANDING DATA REQUIREMENT.—

2–1 Sec. 304 of P.L. 104–170 amended sec. 2(bb) (7 U.S.C. 136(bb)) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ and

‘‘, or (2)’’ and all that follows through ‘‘346a).’’, without specifying the Act that was being 

amended. The amendments were executed to this Act to effectuate the probable intent of 

Congress.
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Sec. 2 FIFRA 14

(1) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘outstanding data requirement’’ 

means a requirement for any study, information, or data that 

is necessary to make a determination under section 3(c)(5) and 

which study, information, or data—

(A) has not been submitted to the Administrator; or

(B) if submitted to the Administrator, the Administrator has determined must be resubmitted because it is 

not valid, complete, or adequate to make a determination 

under section 3(c)(5) and the regulations and guidelines 

issued under such section.

(2) FACTORS.—In making a determination under paragraph 

(1)(B) respecting a study, the Administrator shall examine, at 

a minimum, relevant protocols, documentation of the conduct 

and analysis of the study, and the results of the study to determine whether the study and the results of the study fulfill the 

data requirement for which the study was submitted to the 

Administrator.

(gg) TO DISTRIBUTE OR SELL.—The term ‘‘to distribute or sell’’ 

means to distribute, sell, offer for sale, hold for distribution, hold 

for sale, hold for shipment, ship, deliver for shipment, release for 

shipment, or receive and (having so received) deliver or offer to deliver. The term does not include the holding or application of registered pesticides or use dilutions thereof by any applicator who 

provides a service of controlling pests without delivering any 

unapplied pesticide to any person so served.

(hh) NITROGEN STABILIZER.—The term ‘‘nitrogen stabilizer’’ 

means any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing or hindering the process of nitrification, denitrification, ammonia volatilization, or urease production through action upon soil 

bacteria. Such term shall not include—

(1) dicyandiamide;

(2) ammonium thiosulfate; or

(3) any substance or mixture of substances.—

(A) that was not registered pursuant to section 3 prior 

to January 1, 1992; and

(B) that was in commercial agronomic use prior to January 1, 1992, with respect to which after January 1, 1992, 

the distributor or seller of the substance or mixture has 

made no specific claim of prevention or hindering of the 

process of nitrification, denitrification, ammonia volatilization urease production regardless of the actual use or purpose for, or future use or purpose for, the substance or mixture.

Statements made in materials required to be submitted to any 

State legislative or regulatory authority, or required by such authority to be included in the labeling or other literature accompanying any such substance or mixture shall not be deemed a specific claim within the meaning of this subsection.

(jj) 2–2 MAINTENANCE APPLICATOR.—The term ‘‘maintenance applicator’’ means any individual who, in the principal course of such 

individual’s employment, uses, or supervises the use of, a pesticide 

not classified for restricted use (other than a ready to use consumer 

products pesticide); for the purpose of providing structural pest control or lawn pest control including janitors, general maintenance

2–2 So in original (as added by sec. 120 of P.L. 104–170). This subsection should probably 

be ‘‘(ii)’’ and subsequent subsections should be redesignated accordingly.
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15 FIFRA Sec. 2

personnel, sanitation personnel, and grounds maintenance personnel. The term ‘‘maintenance applicator’’ does not include private 

applicators as defined in section 2(e)(2); individuals who use antimicrobial pesticides, sanitizers or disinfectants; individuals employed by Federal, State, and local governments or any political 

subdivisions thereof, or individuals who use pesticides not classified 

for restricted use in or around their homes, boats, sod farms, nurseries, greenhouses, or other noncommercial property.

(kk) SERVICE TECHNICIAN.—The term ‘‘service technician’’ 

means any individual who uses or supervises the use of pesticides 

(other than a ready to use consumer products pesticide) for the purpose of providing structural pest control or lawn pest control on the 

property of another for a fee. The term ‘‘service technician’’ does not 

include individuals who use antimicrobial pesticides, sanitizers or 

disinfectants; or who otherwise apply ready to use consumer products pesticides.

(ll) MINOR USE.—The term ‘‘minor use’’ means the use of a pesticide on an animal, on a commercial agricultural crop or site, or 

for the protection of public health where—

(1) the total United States acreage for the crop is less than

300,000 acres, as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture;

or

(2) the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of 

Agriculture, determines that, based on information provided by 

an applicant for registration or a registrant, the use does not 

provide sufficient economic incentive to support the initial registration or continuing registration of a pesticide for such use 

and—

(A) there are insufficient efficacious alternative registered pesticides available for the use;

(B) the alternatives to the pesticide use pose greater 

risks to the environment or human health;

(C) the minor use pesticide plays or will play a significant part in managing pest resistance; or

(D) the minor use pesticide plays or will play a significant part in an integrated pest management program.

The status as a minor use under this subsection shall continue as 

long as the Administrator has not determined that, based on existing data, such use may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the 

environment and the use otherwise qualifies for such status.

(mm) ANTIMICROBIAL PESTICIDE.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘antimicrobial pesticide’’ means

a pesticide that—

(A) is intended to—

(i) disinfect, sanitize, reduce, or mitigate growth or

development of microbiological organisms; or

(ii) protect inanimate objects, industrial processes

or systems, surfaces, water, or other chemical substances from contamination, fouling, or deterioration

caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, or

slime; and

(B) in the intended use is exempt from, or otherwise

not subject to, a tolerance under section 408 of the Federal

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 346a and 348) or

a food additive regulation under section 409 of such Act.
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 16

(2) EXCLUDED PRODUCTS.—The term ‘‘antimicrobial pesticide’’ does not include —

(A) a wood preservative or antifouling paint product for 

which a claim of pesticidal activity other than or in addition to an activity described in paragraph (1) is made;

(B) an agricultural fungicide product; or

(C) an aquatic herbicide product.

(3) INCLUDED PRODUCTS.—The term ‘‘antimicrobial pesticide’’ does include any other chemical sterilant product (other

than liquid chemical sterilant products exempt under subsection (u)), any other disinfectant product, any other industrial

microbiocide product, and any other preservative product that

is not excluded by paragraph (2).

(nn) PUBLIC HEALTH PESTICIDE.—The term ‘‘public health pesticide’’ means any minor use pesticide product registered for use

and used predominantly in public health programs for vector control or for other recognized health protection uses, including the

prevention or mitigation of viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms (other than viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms on or

in living man or other living animal) that pose a threat to public

health.

(oo) VECTOR.—The term ‘‘vector’’ means any organism capable

of transmitting the causative agent of human disease or capable of

producing human discomfort or injury, including mosquitoes, flies,

fleas, cockroaches, or other insects and ticks, mites, or rats.

SEC. 3. ø7 U.S.C. 136a¿ REGISTRATIONOF PESTICIDES.

(a) REQUIREMENT OF REGISTRATION.—Except as provided by 

this Act, no person in any State may distribute or sell to any person 

any pesticide that is not registered under this Act. To the extent 

necessary to prevent unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, the Administrator may by regulation limit the distribution, 

sale, or use in any State of any pesticide that is not registered 

under this Act and that is not the subject of an experimental use 

permit under section 5 or an emergency exemption under section

18.

(b) EXEMPTIONS.—A pesticide which is not registered with the

Administrator may be transferred if—

(1) the transfer is from one registered establishment to another registered establishment operated by the same producer

solely for packaging at the second establishment or for use as

a constituent part of another pesticide produced at the second

establishment; or

(2) the transfer is pursuant to and in accordance with the 

requirements of an experimental use permit.

(c) PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION.—

(1) STATEMENT REQUIRED.—Each applicant for registration

of a pesticide shall file with the Administrator a statement

which includes—

(A) the name and address of the applicant and of any

other person whose name will appear on the labeling;

(B) the name of the pesticide;

(C) a complete copy of the labeling of the pesticide, a

statement of all claims to be made for it, and any directions for its use;

(D) the complete formula of the pesticide;
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17 FIFRA Sec. 3

(E) a request that the pesticide be classified for general 

use or for restricted use, or for both; and

(F) except as otherwise provided in paragraph (2)(D), if 

requested by the Administrator, a full description of the 

tests made and the results thereof upon which the claims 

are based, or alternatively a citation to data that appear in 

the public literature or that previously had been submitted 

to the Administrator and that the Administrator may consider in accordance with the following provisions:

(i) With respect to pesticides containing active ingredients that are initially registered under this Act 

after the date of enactment of the Federal Pesticide 

Act of 1978 [September 30, 1978], data submitted to 

support the application for the original registration of 

the pesticide, or an application for an amendment adding any new use to the registration and that pertains 

solely to such new use, shall not, without the written 

permission of the original data submitter, be considered by the Administrator to support an application by

another person during a period of ten years following

the date the Administrator first registers the pesticide,

except that such permission shall not be required in

the case of defensive data.

(ii) The period of exclusive data use provided

under clause (i) shall be extended 1 additional year for

each 3 minor uses registered after the date of enactment of this clause [Aug. 3, 1996] and within 7 years

of the commencement of the exclusive use period, up to

a total of 3 additional years for all minor uses registered by the Administrator if the Administrator, in

consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, determines that, based on information provided by an applicant for registration or a registrant, that—

(I) there are insufficient efficacious alternative

registered pesticides available for the use;

(II) the alternatives to the minor use pesticide

pose greater risks to the environment or human

health;

(III) the minor use pesticide plays or will play

a significant part in managing pest resistance; or

(IV) the minor use pesticide plays or will play

a significant part in an integrated pest management program.

The registration of a pesticide for a minor use on a

crop grouping established by the Administrator shall

be considered for purposes of this clause 1 minor use

for each representative crop for which data are provided in the crop grouping. Any additional exclusive

use period under this clause shall be modified as appropriate or terminated if the registrant voluntarily

cancels the product or deletes from the registration the

minor uses which formed the basis for the extension of

the additional exclusive use period or if the Administrator determines that the registrant is not actually

marketing the product for such minor uses.
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 18

(iii) Except as otherwise provided in clause (i), 

with respect to data submitted after December 31,

1969, by an applicant or registrant to support an application for registration, experimental use permit, or 

amendment adding a new use to an existing registration, to support or maintain in effect an existing registration, or for reregistration, the Administrator may,

without the permission of the original data submitter, 

consider any such item of data in support of an application by any other person (hereinafter in this subparagraph referred to as the ‘‘applicant’’) within the fifteen-year period following the date the data were originally submitted only if the applicant has made an offer 

to compensate the original data submitter and submitted such offer to the Administrator accompanied by 

evidence of delivery to the original data submitter of 

the offer. The terms and amount of compensation may 

be fixed by agreement between the original data submitter and the applicant, or, failing such agreement, 

binding arbitration under this subparagraph. If, at the 

end of ninety days after the date of delivery to the 

original data submitter of the offer to compensate, the 

original data submitter and the applicant have neither 

agreed on the amount and terms of compensation nor 

on a procedure for reaching an agreement on the 

amount and terms of compensation, either person may 

initiate binding arbitration proceedings by requesting 

the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service to appoint an arbitrator from the roster of arbitrators maintained by such Service. The procedure and rules of the 

Service shall be applicable to the selection of such arbitrator and to such arbitration proceedings, and the 

findings and determination of the arbitrator shall be 

final and conclusive, and no official or court of the 

United States shall have power or jurisdiction to review any such findings and determination, except for 

fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct by one 

of the parties to the arbitration or the arbitrator where 

there is a verified complaint with supporting affidavits 

attesting to specific instances of such fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct. The parties to the arbitration shall share equally in the payment of the fee 

and expenses of the arbitrator. If the Administrator determines that an original data submitter has failed to 

participate in a procedure for reaching an agreement 

or in an arbitration proceeding as required by this subparagraph, or failed to comply with the terms of an 

agreement or arbitration decision concerning compensation under this subparagraph, the original data 

submitter shall forfeit the right to compensation for 

the use of the data in support of the application. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, if the Administrator determines that an applicant has failed to 

participate in a procedure for reaching an agreement 

or in an arbitration proceeding as required by this subparagraph, or failed to comply with the terms of an
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19 FIFRA Sec. 3

agreement or arbitration decision concerning compensation under this subparagraph, the Administrator 

shall deny the application or cancel the registration of 

the pesticide in support of which the data were used 

without further hearing. Before the Administrator 

takes action under either of the preceding two sentences, the Administrator shall furnish to the affected 

person, by certified mail, notice of intent to take action 

and allow fifteen days from the date of delivery of the 

notice for the affected person to respond. If a registration is denied or canceled under this subparagraph, the 

Administrator may make such order as the Administrator deems appropriate concerning the continued sale 

and use of existing stocks of such pesticide. Registration action by the Administrator shall not be delayed 

pending the fixing of compensation.

(iv) After expiration of any period of exclusive use 

and any period for which compensation is required for 

the use of an item of data under clauses (i), (ii), and

(iii), the Administrator may consider such item of data

in support of an application by any other applicant

without the permission of the original data submitter

and without an offer having been received to compensate the original data submitter for the use of such

item of data.

(v) The period of exclusive use provided under

clause (ii) shall not take effect until 1 year after enactment of this clause [Aug. 3, 1996], except where an applicant or registrant is applying for the registration of

a pesticide containing an active ingredient not previously registered.

(vi) With respect to data submitted after the date

of enactment of this clause [Aug. 3, 1996] by an applicant or registrant to support an amendment adding a

new use to an existingregistration that does not retain

any period of exclusive use, if such data relates solely

to a minor use of a pesticide, such data shall not, without the written permission of the original data submitter, be considered by the Administrator to support

an application for a minor use by another person during the period of 10 years following the date of submission of such data. The applicant or registrant at the

time the new minor use is requested shall notify the

Administratorthat to the best of their knowledge the

exclusive use period for the pesticide has expired and

that the data pertaining solely to the minor use of a

pesticide is eligible for the provisions of this paragraph. If the minor use registration which is supported

by data submitted pursuant to this subsection is voluntarily canceled or if such data are subsequently used

to support a nonminor use, the data shall no longer be

subject to the exclusive use provisions of this clause

but shall instead be considered by the Administrator in

accordance with the provisions of clause (i), as appropriate.
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 20

(G) If the applicant is requesting that the registration 

or amendment to the registration of a pesticide be expedited, an explanation of the basis for the request must be 

submitted, in accordance with paragraph (10) of this subsection.

(2) DATA IN SUPPORT OF REGISTRATION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall publish

guidelines specifying the kinds of information which will be

required to support the registration of a pesticide and shall

revise such guidelines from time to time. If thereafter the

Administrator requires any additional kind of information

under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, the Administrator shall permit sufficient time for applicants to obtain

such additional information. The Administrator, in establishing standards for data requirements for the registration

of pesticides with respect to minor uses, shall make such

standards commensurate with the anticipated extent of

use, pattern of use, the public health and agricultural need

for such minor use, and the level and degree of potential

beneficial or adverse effects on man and the environment.

The Administrator shall not require a person to submit, in

relation to a registration or reregistration of a pesticide for

minor agricultural use under this Act, any field residue

data from a geographic area where the pesticide will not be

registered for such use. In the development of these standards, the Administrator shall consider the economic factors

of potential national volume of use, extent of distribution,

and the impact of the cost of meeting the requirements on

the incentives for any potential registrant to undertake the

development of the required data. Except as provided by

section 10, within 30 days after the Administrator registers

a pesticide under this Act the Administrator shall make

available to the public the data called for in the registration statement together with such other scientific information as the Administrator deems relevant to the Administrator’s decision.

(B) ADDITIONAL DATA.—(i) If the Administrator determines that additional data are required to maintain in effect an existing registration of a pesticide, the Administrator shall notify all existing registrants of the pesticide to

which the determination relates and provide a list of such

registrants to any interested person.

(ii) Each registrant of such pesticide shall provide evidence within ninety days after receipt of notification that

it is taking appropriate steps to secure the additional data

that are required. Two or more registrants may agree to

develop jointly, or to share in the cost of developing,such

data if they agree and advise the Administrator of their intent within ninety days after notification. Any registrant

who agrees to share in the cost of producing the data shall

be entitled to examine and rely upon such data in support

of maintenance of such registration. The Administrator

shall issue a notice of intent to suspend the registration of

a pesticide in accordance with the procedures prescribed by

clause (iv) if a registrant fails to comply with this clause.
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21 FIFRA Sec. 3

(iii) If, at the end of sixty days after advising the Administrator of their agreement to develop jointly, or share 

in the cost of developing data, the registrants have not further agreed on the terms of the data development arrangement or on a procedure for reaching such agreement, any 

of such registrants may initiate binding arbitration proceedings by requesting the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service to appoint an arbitrator from the roster of arbitrators maintained by such Service. The procedure and 

rules of the Service shall be applicable to the selection of 

such arbitrator and to such arbitration proceedings, and 

the findings and determination of the arbitrator shall be 

final and conclusive, and no official or court of the United 

States shall have power or jurisdiction to review any such 

findings and determination, except for fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct by one of the parties to the arbitration or the arbitrator where there is a verified complaint with supporting affidavits attesting to specific instances of such fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct. All parties to the arbitration shall share equally 

in the payment of the fee and expenses of the arbitrator. 

The Administrator shall issue a notice of intent to suspend 

the registration of a pesticide in accordance with the procedures prescribed by clause (iv) if a registrant fails to comply with this clause.

(iv) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, if 

the Administrator determines that a registrant, within the 

time required by the Administrator, has failed to take appropriate steps to secure the data required under this subparagraph, to participate in a procedure for reaching agreement concerning a joint data development arrangement 

under this subparagraph or in an arbitration proceeding as 

required by this subparagraph, or to comply with the terms 

of an agreement or arbitration decision concerning a joint 

data development arrangement under this subparagraph, 

the Administrator may issue a notice of intent to suspend 

such registrant’s registration of the pesticide for which additional data is required. The Administrator may include in 

the notice of intent to suspend such provisions as the Administrator deems appropriate concerning the continued 

sale and use of existing stocks of such pesticide. Any suspension proposed under this subparagraph shall become 

final and effective at the end of thirty days from receipt by 

the registrant of the notice of intent to suspend, unless 

during that time a request for hearing is made by a person 

adversely affected by the notice or the registrant has satisfied the Administrator that the registrant has complied 

fully with the requirements that served as a basis for the 

notice of intent to suspend. If a hearing is requested, a 

hearing shall be conducted under section 6(d) of this Act. 

The only matters for resolution at that hearing shall be 

whether the registrant has failed to take the action that 

served as the basis for the notice of intent to suspend the 

registration of the pesticide for which additional data is required, and whether the Administrator’s determination 

with respect to the disposition of existing stocks is con-
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 22

sistent with this Act. If a hearing is held, a decision after 

completion of such hearing shall be final. Notwithstanding 

any other provision of this Act, a hearing shall be held and 

a determination made within seventy-five days after receipt of a request for such hearing. Any registration suspended under this subparagraph shall be reinstated by the 

Administrator if the Administrator determines that the 

registrant has complied fully with the requirements that 

served as a basis for the suspension of the registration.

(v) Any data submitted under this subparagraph shall 

be subject to the provisions of paragraph (1)(D). Whenever

such data are submitted jointly by two or more registrants,

an agent shall be agreed on at the time of the joint submission to handle any subsequent data compensation matters 

for the joint submitters of such data.

(vi) Upon the request of a registrant the Administrator 

shall, in the case of a minor use, extend the deadline for 

the production of residue chemistry data under this subparagraph for data required solely to support that minor 

use until the final deadline for submission of data under 

section 4 for the other uses of the pesticide established as 

of the date of enactment of the Food Quality Protection Act 

of 1996 [Aug. 3, 1996], if—

(I) the data to support other uses of the pesticide 

on a food are being provided;

(II) the registrant, in submitting a request for such 

an extension, provides a schedule, including interim 

dates to measure progress, to assure that the data production will be completed before the expiration of the 

extension period;

(III) the Administrator has determined that such 

extension will not significantly delay the Administrator’s schedule for issuing a reregistration eligibility determination required under section 4; and

(IV) the Administrator has determined that based 

on existing data, such extension would not significantly increase the risk of any unreasonable adverse 

effect on the environment. 3–1 If the Administrator 

grants an extension under this clause, the Administrator shall monitor the development of the data and 

shall ensure that the registrant is meeting the schedule for the production of the data. If the Administrator 

determines that the registrant is not meeting or has 

not met the schedule for the production of such data, 

the Administrator may proceed in accordance with 

clause (iv) regarding the continued registration of the 

affected products with the minor use and shall inform 

the public of such action. Notwithstanding the provisions of this clause, the Administrator may take action 

to modify or revoke the extension under this clause if 

the Administrator determines that the extension for 

the minor use may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment. In such circumstance, the Ad3–1 Indentation of the following sentences of this clause is so in original (as added by 

sec. 201(c)(1) of P.L. 104–170). Probably should be indented the same as flush matter of

this clause.
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23 FIFRA Sec. 3

ministrator shall provide, in writing to the registrant, 

a notice revoking the extension of time for submission 

of data. Such data shall instead be due in accordance 

with the date established by the Administrator for the 

submission of the data.

(vii) If the registrant does not commit to support a specific minor use of the pesticide, but is supporting and providing data in a timely and adequate fashion to support 

uses of the pesticide on a food, or if all uses of the pesticide 

are nonfood uses and the registrant does not commit to 

support a specific minor use of the pesticide but is supporting and providing data in a timely and adequate fashion to support other nonfood uses of the pesticide, the Administrator, at the written request of the registrant, shall 

not take any action pursuant to this clause in regard to 

such unsupported minor use until the final deadline established as of the date of enactment of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 [Aug. 3, 1996], for the submission of 

data under section 4 for the supported uses identified pursuant to this clause unless the Administrator determines 

that the absence of the data is significant enough to cause 

human health or environmental concerns. On the basis of 

such determination, the Administrator may refuse the request for extension by the registrant. Upon receipt of the 

request from the registrant, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of the receipt of the 

request and the effective date upon which the uses not 

being supported will be voluntarily deleted from the registration pursuant to section 6(f)(1). If the Administrator 

grants an extension under this clause, the Administrator 

shall monitor the development of the data for the uses 

being supported and shall ensure that the registrant is 

meeting the schedule for the production of such data. If the 

Administrator determines that the registrant is not meeting or has not met the schedule for the production of such 

data, the Administrator may proceed in accordance with 

clause (iv) of this subparagraph regarding the continued 

registration of the affected products with the minor and 

other uses and shall inform the public of such action in accordance with section 6(f)(2). Notwithstanding the provisions of this clause, the Administrator may deny, modify, 

or revoke the temporary extension under this subparagraph if the Administrator determines that the continuation of the minor use may cause an unreasonable adverse 

effect on the environment. In the event of modification or 

revocation, the Administrator shall provide, in writing, to 

the registrant a notice revoking the temporary extension 

and establish a new effective date by which the minor use 

shall be deleted from the registration.

(viii)(I) If data required to support registration of a 

pesticide under subparagraph (A) is requested by a Federal 

or State regulatory authority, the Administrator shall, to 

the extent practicable, coordinate data requirements, test 

protocols, timetables, and standards of review and reduce 

burdens and redundancy caused to the registrant by multiple requirements on the registrant.
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 24

(II) The Administrator may enter into a cooperative 

agreement with a State to carry out subclause (I).

(III) Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 

of this clause [Aug. 3, 1996], the Administrator shall develop a process to identify and assist in alleviating future 

disparities between Federal and State data requirements. 

(C) SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURES.—Within nine months 

after the date of enactment of this subparagraph [September 30, 1978], the Administrator shall, by regulation, 

prescribe simplified procedures for the registration of pesticides, which shall include the provisions of subparagraph

(D) of this paragraph.

(D) EXEMPTION.—No applicant for registration of a pesticide who proposes to purchase a registered pesticide from

another producer in order to formulate such purchased pesticide into the pesticide that is the subject of the application shall be required to—

(i) submit or cite data pertaining to such purchased product; or

(ii) offer to pay reasonable compensation otherwise

required by paragraph (1)(D) of this subsection for the

use of any such data.

(E) MINOR USE WAIVER.—In handling the registration

of a pesticide for a minor use, the Administrator may waive

otherwise applicable data requirements if the Administrator determines that the absence of such data will not

prevent the Administrator from determining—

(i) the incremental risk presented by the minor use

of the pesticide; and

(ii) that such risk, if any, would not be an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment.

(3) TIME FOR ACTING WITH RESPECT TO APPLICATION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall review the

data after receipt of the application and shall, as expeditiously as possible, either register the pesticide in accordance with paragraph (5), or notify the applicant of the Administrator’s determination that it does not comply with

the provisions of the Act in accordance with paragraph (6).

(B) IDENTICAL OR SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR.—(i) The Administrator shall, as expeditiously as possible,review and

act on any application received by the Administrator that—

(I) proposes the initial or amended registration of

an end-use pesticide that, if registered as proposed,

would be identical or substantially similar in composition and labeling to a currently-registered pesticide

identified in the application, or that would differ in

composition and labeling from such currently-registered pesticide only in ways that would not significantly increase the risk of unreasonable adverse effects

on the environment; or

(II) proposes an amendment to the registration of

a registered pesticide that does not require scientific

review of data.

(ii) In expediting the review of an application for an action described in clause (i), the Administrator shall—
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25 FIFRA Sec. 3

(I) review the application in accordance with section 33(f)(4)(B) and, if the application is found to be incomplete, reject the application;

(II) not later than the applicable decision review

time established pursuant to section 33(f)(4)(B), or, if

no review time is established, not later than 90 days 

after receiving a complete application, notify the registrant if the application has been granted or denied; 

and

(III) if the application is denied, notify the registrant in writing of the specific reasons for the denial 

of the application.

(C) MINOR USE REGISTRATION.—

(i) The Administrator shall, as expeditiously as 

possible, review and act on any complete application—

(I) that proposes the initial registration of a

new pesticide active ingredient if the active ingredient is proposed to be registered solely for minor 

uses, or proposes a registration amendment solely 

for minor uses to an existing registration; or

(II) for a registration or a registration amendment that proposessignificant minor uses.

(ii) For the purposes of clause (i)—

(I) the term ‘‘as expeditiously as possible’’ 

means that the Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable, complete a review and evaluation of all data, submitted with a complete application, within 12 months after the submission of 

the complete application, and the failure of the Administrator to complete such a review and evaluation under clause (i) shall not be subject to judicial 

review; and

(II) the term ‘‘significant minor uses’’ means 3 

or more minor uses proposed for every nonminor 

use, a minor use that would, in the judgment of 

the Administrator, serve as a replacement for any 

use which has been canceled in the 5 years preceding the receipt of the application, or a minor 

use that in the opinion of the Administrator would 

avoid the reissuance of an emergency exemption 

under section 18 for that minor use.

(D) ADEQUATE TIME FOR SUBMISSION OF MINOR USE 

DATA.—If a registrant makes a request for a minor use 

waiver, regarding data required by the Administrator, pursuant to paragraph (2)(E), and if the Administrator denies 

in whole or in part such data waiver request, the registrant 

shall have a full-time period for providing such data. For 

purposes of this subparagraph, the term ‘‘full-time period’’ 

means the time period originally established by the Administrator for submission of such data, beginning with the 

date of receipt by the registrant of the Administrator’s notice of denial.

(4) NOTICE OF APPLICATION.—The Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register, promptly after receipt of the statement and other data required pursuant to paragraphs (1) and 

(2), a notice of each application for registration of any pesticide
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 26

if it contains any new active ingredient or if it would entail a 

changed use pattern. The notice shall provide for a period of 30 

days in which any Federal agency or any other interested person may comment.

(5) APPROVAL OF REGISTRATION.—The Administrator shall

register a pesticide if the Administrator determines that, when 

considered with any restrictions imposed under subsection (d)—

(A) its composition is such as to warrant the proposed

claims for it;

(B) its labeling and other material required to be submitted comply with the requirements of this Act;

(C) it will perform its intended function without unreasonable adverse effects on the environment; and

(D) when used in accordance with widespread and commonly recognized practice it will not generally cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment.

The Administrator shall not make any lack of essentiality a criterion for denying registration of any pesticide. Where two pesticides meet the requirements of this paragraph, one should not 

be registered in preference to the other. In considering an application for the registration of a pesticide, the Administrator 

may waive data requirements pertaining to efficacy, in which 

event the Administrator may register the pesticide without determining that the pesticide’s composition is such as to warrant 

proposed claims of efficacy. If a pesticide is found to be efficacious by any State under section 24(c) of this Act, a presumption is established that the Administrator shall waive data requirements pertaining to efficacy for use of the pesticide in 

such State.

(6) DENIAL OF REGISTRATION.—If the Administrator determines that the requirements of paragraph (5) for registration 

are not satisfied, the Administrator shall notify the applicant 

for registration of the Administrator’s determination and of the 

Administrator’s reasons (including the factual basis) therefor, 

and that, unless the applicant corrects the conditions and notifies the Administrator thereof during the 30-day period beginning with the day after the date on which the applicant receives the notice, the Administrator may refuse to register the 

pesticide. Whenever the Administrator refuses to register a 

pesticide, the Administrator shall notify the applicant of the 

Administrator’s decision and of the Administrator’s reasons (including the factual basis) therefor. The Administrator shall 

promptly publish in the Federal Register notice of such denial 

of registration and the reasons therefor. Upon such notification, 

the applicant for registration or other interested person with 

the concurrence of the applicant shall have the same remedies 

as provided for in section 6.

(7) REGISTRATION UNDER SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES.—Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (5)—

(A) The Administrator may conditionally register or 

amend the registration of a pesticide if the Administrator 

determinesthat (i) the pesticide and proposed use are identical or substantially similar to any currently registered 

pesticide and use thereof, or differ only in ways that would 

not significantly increase the risk of unreasonable adverse 

effects on the environment, and (ii) approving the registra-
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27 FIFRA Sec. 3

tion or amendment in the manner proposed by the applicant would not significantly increase the risk of any unreasonable adverse effect on the environment. An applicant

seeking conditional registration or amended registration 

under this subparagraph shall submit such data as would 

be required to obtain registration of a similar pesticide 

under paragraph (5). If the applicant is unable to submit 

an item of data because it has not yet been generated, the 

Administrator may register or amend the registration of 

the pesticide under such conditions as will require the submission of such data not later than the time such data are 

required to be submitted with respect to similar pesticides 

already registered under this Act.

(B) The Administrator may conditionally amend the 

registration of a pesticide to permit additional uses of such 

pesticide notwithstanding that data concerning the pesticide may be insufficient to support an unconditional 

amendment, if the Administrator determines that (i) the 

applicant has submitted satisfactory data pertaining to the 

proposed additional use, and (ii) amending the registration 

in the manner proposed by the applicant would not significantly increase the risk of any unreasonable adverse effect 

on the environment. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this subparagraph, no registration of a pesticide 

may be amended to permit an additional use of such pesticide if the Administrator has issued a notice stating that 

such pesticide, or any ingredient thereof, meets or exceeds 

risk criteria associated in whole or in part with human dietary exposure enumerated in regulations issued under this 

Act, and during the pendency of any risk-benefit evaluation 

initiated by such notice, if (I) the additional use of such 

pesticide involves a major food or feed crop, or (II) the additional use of such pesticide involves a minor food or feed 

crop and the Administrator determines, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Agriculture, there is available an 

effective alternative pesticide that does not meet or exceed 

such risk criteria. An applicant seeking amended registration under this subparagraph shall submit such data as 

would be required to obtain registration of a similar pesticide under paragraph (5). If the applicant is unable to 

submit an item of data (other than data pertaining to the 

proposed additional use) because it has not yet been generated, the Administrator may amend the registration 

under such conditions as will require the submission of 

such data not later than the time such data are required 

to be submitted with respect to similar pesticides already 

registered under this Act.

(C) The Administrator may conditionally register a 

pesticide containing an active ingredient not contained in 

any currently registered pesticide for a period reasonably 

sufficient for the generation and submission of required 

data (which are lacking because a period reasonably sufficient for generation of the data has not elapsed since the 

Administrator first imposed the data requirement) on the 

condition that by the end of such period the Administrator 

receives such data and the data do not meet or exceed risk
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 28

criteria enumerated in regulations issued under this Act, 

and on such other conditions as the Administrator may

prescribe. A conditional registration under this subparagraph shall be granted only if the Administrator determines that use of the pesticide during such period will not 

cause any unreasonable adverse effect on the environment, 

and that use of the pesticide is in the public interest.

(8) INTERIM ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW.—Notwithstanding 

any other provision of this Act, the Administrator may not initiate a public interim administrative review process to develop 

a risk-benefit evaluation of the ingredients of a pesticide or any 

of its uses prior to initiating a formal action to cancel, suspend, 

or deny registration of such pesticide, required under this Act, 

unless such interim administrative process is based on a validated test or other significant evidence raising prudent concerns of unreasonable adverse risk to man or to the environment. Notice of the definition of the terms ‘‘validated test’’ and

‘‘other significant evidence’’ as used herein shall be published 

by the Administrator in the Federal Register.

(9) LABELING.—

(A) ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS.—Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), it shall not be a violation of this Act 

for a registrant to modify the labeling of an antimicrobial 

pesticide product to include relevant information on product efficacy, product composition, container composition or 

design, or other characteristics that do not relate to any 

pesticidal claim or pesticidal activity.

(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Proposed labeling information 

under subparagraph (A) shall not be false or misleading,

shall not conflict with or detract from any statement required by law or the Administrator as a condition of registration, and shall be substantiated on the request of the 

Administrator.

(C) NOTIFICATION AND DISAPPROVAL.—

(i) NOTIFICATION.—A registration may be modified 

under subparagraph (A) if —

(I) the registrant notifies the Administrator in 

writing not later than 60 days prior to distribution 

or sale of a product bearing the modified labeling; 

and

(II) the Administrator does not disapprove of 

the modification under clause (ii).

(ii) DISAPPROVAL.—Not later than 30 days after receipt of a notification under clause (i), the Administrator may disapprove the modification by sending the 

registrant notification in writing stating that the proposed language is not acceptable and stating the reasons why the Administrator finds the proposed modification unacceptable.

(iii) RESTRICTION ON SALE.—A registrant may not 

sell or distribute a product bearing a disapproved 

modification.

(iv) OBJECTION.—A registrant may file an objection 

in writing to a disapproval under clause (ii) not later 

than 30 days after receipt of notification of the disapproval.
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29 FIFRA Sec. 3

(v) FINAL ACTION.—A decision by the Adminisclassify it for both general use and restricted use. Pesticide

May 22, 2008

trator following receipt and consideration of an objection filed under clause (iv) shall be considered a final 

agency action.

(D) USE DILUTION.—The label or labeling required 

under this Act for an antimicrobial pesticide that is or may

be diluted for use may have a different statement of caution or protective measures for use of the recommended diluted solution of the pesticide than for use of a concentrate 

of the pesticide if the Administrator determines that —

(i) adequate data have been submitted to support 

the statement proposed for the diluted solution uses; 

and

(ii) the label or labeling provides adequate protection for exposure to the diluted solution of the pesticide.

(10) EXPEDITED REGISTRATION OF PESTICIDES.—

(A) Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 

of this paragraph [Aug. 3, 1996], the Administrator shall, 

utilizing public comment, develop procedures and guidelines, and expedite the review of an application for registration of a pesticide or an amendment to a registration 

that satisfiessuch guidelines.

(B) Any application for registration or an amendment, 

including biological and conventional pesticides, will be 

considered for expedited review under this paragraph. An 

application for registration or an amendment shall qualify 

for expedited review if use of the pesticide proposed by the 

application may reasonably be expected to accomplish 1 or 

more of the following:

(i) Reduce the risks of pesticides to human health. 

(ii) Reduce the risks of pesticides to nontarget organisms.

(iii) Reduce the potential for contamination of 

groundwater, surface water, or other valued environmental resources.

(iv) Broaden the adoption of integrated pest management strategies, or make such strategies more 

available or more effective.

(C) The Administrator, not later than 30 days after receipt of an application for expedited review, shall notify the 

applicant whether the application is complete. If it is found 

to be incomplete, the Administrator may either reject the 

request for expedited review or ask the applicant for additional information to satisfy the guidelines developed under 

subparagraph (A).

(d) CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES.—

(1) CLASSIFICATION FOR GENERAL USE, RESTRICTED USE, OR 

BOTH.—

(A) As a part of the registration of a pesticide the Administrator shall classify it as being for general use or for 

restricted use. If the Administrator determines that some 

of the uses for which the pesticide is registered should be 

for general use and that other uses for which it is registered should be for restricted use, the Administrator shall
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 30

May 22, 2008

uses may be classified by regulation on the initial classification and registered pesticides may be classified prior to 

reregistration. If some of the uses of the pesticide are classified for general use and other uses are classified for restricted use, the directions relating to its general uses shall 

be clearly separated and distinguished from those directions relating to its restricted uses. The Administrator may 

require that its packaging and labeling for restricted uses 

shall be clearly distinguishable from its packaging and labeling for general uses.

(B) If the Administrator determines that the pesticide, 

when applied in accordance with its directions for use, 

warnings and cautions and for the uses for which it is registered, or for one or more of such uses, or in accordance 

with a widespread and commonly recognized practice, will 

not generally cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, the Administrator will classify the pesticide, or 

the particular use or uses of the pesticide to which the determination applies, for general use.

(C) If the Administrator determines that the pesticide, 

when applied in accordance with its directions for use, 

warnings and cautions and for the uses for which it is registered, or for one or more of such uses, or in accordance 

with a widespread and commonly recognized practice, may 

generally cause, without additional regulatory restrictions, 

unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, including 

injury to the applicator, the Administrator shall classify 

the pesticide, or the particular use or uses to which the determination applies, for restricted use:

(i) If the Administrator classifies a pesticide, or 

one or more uses of such pesticide, for restricted use 

because of a determination that the acute dermal or 

inhalation toxicity of the pesticide presents a hazard to 

the applicator or other persons, the pesticide shall be 

applied for any use to which the restricted classification applies only by or under the direct supervision of 

a certified applicator.

(ii) If the Administrator classifies a pesticide, or 

one or more uses of such pesticide, for restricted use 

because of a determination that its use without additional regulatory restriction may cause unreasonable 

adverse effects on the environment, the pesticide shall 

be applied for any use to which the determination applies only by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator, or subject to such other restrictions as 

the Administrator may provide by regulation. Any such 

regulation shall be reviewable in the appropriate court 

of appeals upon petition of a person adversely affected 

filed within 60 days of the publication of the regulation 

in final form.

(2) CHANGE IN CLASSIFICATION.—If the Administrator determinesthat a change in the classification of any use of a pesticide from general use to restricted use is necessary to prevent 

unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, the Administrator shall notify the registrant of such pesticide of such determination at least forty-five days before making the change and
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31 FIFRA Sec. 3

shall publish the proposed change in the Federal Register. The 

registrant, or other interested person with the concurrence of 

the registrant, may seek relief from such determination under 

section 6(b).

(3) CHANGE IN CLASSIFICATION FROM RESTRICTED USE TO 

GENERAL USE.—The registrant of any pesticide with one or

more uses classified for restricted use may petition the Administrator to change any such classification from restricted to general use. Such petition shall set out the basis for the registrant’s position that restricted use classification is unnecessary because classification of the pesticide for general use 

would not cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment. The Administrator, within sixty days after receiving such 

petition, shall notify the registrant whether the petition has 

been granted or denied. Any denial shall contain an explanation therefor and any such denial shall be subject to judicial 

review under section 16 of this Act.

(e) PRODUCTS WITH SAME FORMULATION AND CLAIMS.—Products which have the same formulation, are manufactured by the 

same person, the labeling of which contains the same claims, and 

the labels of which bear a designation identifying the product as the 

same pesticide may be registered as a single pesticide; and additional names and labels shall be added to the registration by supplementalstatements.

(f) MISCELLANEOUS.—

(1) EFFECT OF CHANGE OF LABELING OR FORMULATION.—If 

the labeling or formulation for a pesticide is changed, the registration shall be amended to reflect such change if the Administrator determines that the change will not violate any provision of this Act.

(2) REGISTRATION NOT A DEFENSE.—In no event shall registration of an article be construed as a defense for the commission of any offense under this Act. As long as no cancellation 

proceedings are in effect registration of a pesticide shall be 

prima facie evidence that the pesticide, its labeling and packaging comply with the registration provisions of the Act.

(3) AUTHORITY TO CONSULT OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.—In 

connection with consideration of any registration or application 

for registration under this section, the Administrator may consult with any other Federal agency.

(4) MIXTURES OF NITROGEN STABILIZERS AND FERTILIZER 

PRODUCTS.—Anymixture or other combination of—

(A) 1 or more nitrogen stabilizersregistered under this

Act; and

(B) 1 or more fertilizer products,

shall not be subject to the provisions of this section or sections

4, 5, 7, 15, and 17(a)(2) if the mixture or other combination is 

accompanied by the labeling required under this Act for the nitrogen stabilizer contained in the mixture or other combination, 

the mixture or combination is mixed or combined in accordance 

with such labeling, and the mixture or combination does not 

contain any active ingredient other than the nitrogen stabilizer. 

(g) REGISTRATION REVIEW.—

(1)(A) GENERAL RULE.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The registrations of pesticides are to 

be periodically reviewed.
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 32

(ii) REGULATIONS.—In accordance with this subparagraph, the Administrator shall by regulation establish a 

procedure for accomplishing the periodic review of registrations.

(iii) INITIAL REGISTRATION REVIEW.—The Administrator 

shall complete the registration review of each pesticide or

pesticide case, which may be composed of 1 or more active

ingredients and the products associated with the active ingredients, not later than the later of—

(I) October 1, 2022; or

(II) the date that is 15 years after the date on 

which the first pesticide containing a new active ingredient is registered.

(iv) SUBSEQUENT REGISTRATION REVIEW.—Not later 

than 15 years after the date on which the initial registration review is completed under clause (iii) and each 15 

years thereafter, the Administrator shall complete a subsequent registration review for each pesticide or pesticide 

case.

(v) CANCELLATION.—No registration shall be canceled 

as a result of the registration review process unless the Administrator follows the procedures and substantive requirements of section 6.

(B) DOCKETING.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), after meeting 

with 1 or more individuals that are not government employees to discuss matters relating to a registration review, 

the Administrator shall place in the docket minutes of the 

meeting, a list of attendees, and any documents exchanged 

at the meeting, not later than the earlier of—

(I) the date that is 45 days after the meeting; or

(II) the date of issuance of the registration review 

decision.

(ii) PROTECTED INFORMATION.—The Administrator 

shall identify, but not include in the docket, any confidential business information the disclosure of which is prohibited by section 10.

(C) LIMITATION.—Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit 

the Administrator from undertaking any other review of a pesticide pursuant to this Act.

(2)(A) DATA.—The Administrator shall use the authority in 

subsection (c)(2)(B) to require the submission of data when 

such data are necessary for a registration review.

(B) DATA SUBMISSION, COMPENSATION, AND EXEMPTION.—

For purposes of this subsection, the provisions of subsections 

(c)(1), (c)(2)(B), and (c)(2)(D) shall be utilized for and be applicable to any data required for registration review.

(h) REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL PESTICIDES.—

(1) EVALUATION OF PROCESS.—To the maximum extent 

practicable consistent with the degrees of risk presented by an 

antimicrobial pesticide and the type of review appropriate to 

evaluate the risks, the Administrator shall identify and evaluate reforms to the antimicrobial registration process that would 

reduce review periods existing as of the date of enactment of 

this subsection [Aug. 3, 1996] for antimicrobial pesticide prod-
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33 FIFRA Sec. 3

uct registration applications and applications for amended registration of antimicrobial pesticide products, including—

(A) new antimicrobial active ingredients; 

(B) new antimicrobial end-use products;

(C) substantially similar or identical antimicrobial pesticides; and

(D) amendments to antimicrobial pesticide registrations.

(2) REVIEW TIME PERIOD REDUCTION GOAL.—Each reform 

identified under paragraph (1) shall be designed to achieve the 

goal of reducing the review period following submission of a 

complete application, consistent with the degree of risk, to a period of not more than—

(A) 540 days for a new antimicrobial active ingredient 

pesticide registration;

(B) 270 days for a new antimicrobial use of a registered active ingredient;

(C) 120 days for any other new antimicrobial product; 

(D) 90 days for a substantially similar or identical

antimicrobial product;

(E) 90 days for an amendment to an antimicrobial registration that does not require scientific review of data; and

(F) 120 days for an amendment to an antimicrobial

registration that requires scientific review of data and that

is not otherwise described in this paragraph.

(3) IMPLEMENTATION.—

(A) PROPOSED RULEMAKING.—

(i) ISSUANCE.—Not later than 270 days after the

date of enactment of this subsection [Aug. 3, 1996], the

Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register

proposed regulations to accelerate and improve the review of antimicrobial pesticide products designed to

implement, to the extent practicable, the goals set

forth in paragraph (2).

(ii) REQUIREMENTS.—Proposed regulations issued

under clause (i) shall—

(I) define the various classes of antimicrobial

use patterns, including household,industrial, and

institutional disinfectants and sanitizing pesticides, preservatives, water treatment, and pulp

and paper mill additives, and other such products

intended to disinfect, sanitize, reduce, or mitigate

growth or development of microbiological organisms, or protect inanimate objects, industrial

processes or systems, surfaces, water, or other

chemical substances from contamination, fouling,

or deterioration caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi,

protozoa, algae, or slime;

(II) differentiate the types of review undertaken for antimicrobial pesticides;

(III) conform the degree and type of review to

the risks and benefits presented by antimicrobial

pesticides and the function of review under this

Act, considering the use patterns of the product,

toxicity, expected exposure, and product type;
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Sec. 3 FIFRA 34

(IV) ensure that the registration process is 

sufficient to maintain antimicrobial pesticide efficacy and that antimicrobial pesticide products continue to meet product performance standards and 

effectiveness levels for each type of label claim 

made; and

(V) implement effective and reliable deadlines 

for process management.

(iii) COMMENTS.—In developing the proposed regulations, the Administrator shall solicit the views from 

registrants and other affected parties to maximize the 

effectiveness of the rule development process.

(B) FINAL REGULATIONS.—

(i) ISSUANCE.—The Administrator shall issue final

regulations not later than 240 days after the close of

the comment period for the proposed regulations.

(ii) FAILURE TO MEET GOAL.—If a goal described in

paragraph (2) is not met by the final regulations, the

Administrator shall identify the goal, explain why the

goal was not attained, describe the element of the regulations included instead, and identify future steps to

attain the goal.

(iii) REQUIREMENTS.—In issuing final regulations,

the Administrator shall—

(I) consider the establishment of a certification

process for regulatory actions involving risks that

can be responsiblymanaged, consistent with the

degree of risk, in the most cost-efficient manner;

(II) consider the establishment of a certification process by approved laboratories as an adjunct to the review process;

(III) use all appropriate and cost-effective review mechanisms, including—

(aa) expanded use of notification and nonnotification procedures;

(bb) revised procedures for application review; and

(cc) allocation of appropriate resources to

ensure streamlined management of antimicrobial pesticide registrations; and

(IV) clarify criteria for determination of the

completeness of an application.

(C) EXPEDITED REVIEW.—This subsection does not affect the requirements or extend the deadlines or review periods contained in subsection (c)(3).

(D) ALTERNATIVE REVIEW PERIODS.—If the final regulations to carry out this paragraph are not effective 630 days

after the date of enactment of this subsection [Aug. 3,

1996], until the final regulations become effective, the review period, beginning on the date of receipt by the Agency

of a complete application, shall be—

(i) 2 years for a new antimicrobial active ingredient pesticide registration;

(ii) 1 year for a new antimicrobial use of a registered active ingredient;
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35 FIFRA Sec. 3

uct;

(iii) 180 days for any other new antimicrobial prod-

(iv) 90 days for a substantially similar or identical

antimicrobial product;

(v) 90 days for an amendment to an antimicrobial

registration that does not require scientific review of

data; and

(vi) 120 days for an amendment to an antimicrobial registration that requires scientific review of

data and that is not otherwise described in this subparagraph.

(E) WOOD PRESERVATIVES.—An application for the registration, or for an amendment to the registration, of a

wood preservative product for which a claim of pesticidal

activity listed in section 2(mm) is made (regardless of any

other pesticidal claim that is made with respect to the

product) shall be reviewed by the Administrator within the

same period as that established under this paragraph for

an antimicrobial pesticide product application, consistent

with the degree of risk posed by the use of the wood preservative product, if the application requires the applicant

to satisfy the same data requirements as are required to

support an application for a wood preservative product that

is an antimicrobial pesticide.

(F) NOTIFICATION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (iii), the Administrator shall notify an applicant whether an application has been granted or denied not later than the

final day of the appropriate review period under this

paragraph, unless the applicant and the Administrator

agree to a later date.

(ii) FINAL DECISION.—If the Administrator fails to

notify an applicant within the period of time required

under clause (i), the failure shall be considered an

agency action unlawfully withheld or unreasonably delayed for purposes of judicial review under chapter 7 of

title 5, United States Code.

(iii) EXEMPTION.—This subparagraph does not

apply to an application for an antimicrobial pesticide

that is filed under subsection (c)(3)(B) prior to 90 days

after the date of enactment of this subsection [Aug. 3,

1996].

(iv) LIMITATION.—Notwithstanding clause (ii), the

failure of the Administrator to notify an applicant for

an amendment to a registration for an antimicrobial

pesticide shall not be judicially reviewable in a Federal

or State court if the amendment requires scientific review of data within—

(I) the time period specified in subparagraph

(D)(vi), in the absence of a final regulation under

subparagraph (B); or

(II) the time period specified in paragraph

(2)(F), if adopted in a final regulation under subparagraph (B).

(4) ANNUAL REPORT.—
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 36

(A) SUBMISSION.—Beginning on the date of enactment 

of this subsection [Aug. 3, 1996] and ending on the date 

that the goals under paragraph (2) are achieved, the Administrator shall, not later than March 1 of each year, prepare and submit an annual report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(B) REQUIREMENTS.—A report submitted under subparagraph (A) shall include a description of—

(i) measures taken to reduce the backlog of pending registration applications;

(ii) progress toward achieving reforms under this 

subsection; and

(iii) recommendations to improve the activities of 

the Agency pertaining to antimicrobialregistrations.

SEC. 4. ø7 U.S.C. 136a–1¿ REREGISTRATION OF REGISTERED PESTICIDES.

(a) GENERAL RULE.—The Administrator shall reregister, in accordance with this section, each registered pesticide containing any 

active ingredient contained in any pesticide first registered before 

November 1, 1984, except for any pesticide as to which the Administrator has determined, after November 1, 1984, and before the effective date of this section [December 24, 1988], that—

(1) there are no outstanding data requirements; and

(2) the requirements of section 3(c)(5) have been satisfied. 

(b) REREGISTRATION PHASES.—Reregistrations of pesticides

under this section shall be carried out in the following phases:

(1) The first phase shall include the listing under subsection (c) of the active ingredients of the pesticides that will 

be reregistered.

(2) The second phase shall include the submission to the 

Administrator under subsection (d) of notices by registrants respecting their intention to seek reregistration, identification by 

registrants of missing and inadequate data for such pesticides, 

and commitments by registrants to replace such missing or inadequate data within the applicable time period.

(3) The third phase shall include submission to the Administrator by registrants of the information required under subsection (e).

(4) The fourth phase shall include an independent, initial 

review by the Administrator under subsection (f) of submissions 

under phases two and three, identification of outstanding data 

requirements, and the issuance, as necessary, of requests for 

additional data.

(5) The fifth phase shall include the review by the Administrator under subsection (g) of data submitted for reregistration 

and appropriate regulatory action by the Administrator.

(c) PHASE ONE.—

(1) PRIORITY FOR REREGISTRATION.—For purposes of the reregistration of the pesticides described in subsection (a), the

Administrator shall list the active ingredients of pesticides and

shall give priority to, among others, active ingredients (other 

than active ingredients for which registration standards have 

been issued before the effective date of this section [December

24, 1988]) that—
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37 FIFRA Sec. 4

(A) are in use on or in food or feed and may result in 

postharvest residues;

(B) may result in residues of potential toxicological 

concern in potable ground water, edible fish, or shellfish;

(C) have been determined by the Administrator before 

the effective date of this section [December 24, 1988] to

have significant outstanding data requirements; or

(D) are used on crops, including in greenhouses and 

nurseries, where worker exposure is most likely to occur. 

(2) REREGISTRATION LISTS.—For purposes of reregistration

under this section, the Administrator shall by order—

(A) not later than 70 days after the effective date of 

this section [December 24, 1988], list pesticide active ingredients for which registration standards have been issued 

before such effective date;

(B) not later than 4 months after such effective date, 

list the first 150 pesticide active ingredients, as determined 

under paragraph (1);

(C) not later than 7 months after such effective date, 

list the second 150 pesticide active ingredients, as determined under paragraph (1); and

(D) not later than 10 months after such effective date, 

list the remainder of the pesticide active ingredients, as determined under paragraph (1).

Each list shall be published in the Federal Register.

(3) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—The content of a list issued by the

Administrator under paragraph (2) shall not be subject to 

judicial review.

(4) NOTICE TO REGISTRANTS.—On the publication of a list of 

pesticide active ingredients under paragraph (2), the Administrator shall send by certified mail to the registrants of the pesticides containing such active ingredients a notice of the time 

by which the registrants are to notify the Administrator under 

subsection (d) whether the registrants intend to seek or not to 

seek reregistration of such pesticides.

(d) PHASE TWO.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The registrant of a pesticide that contains an active ingredient listed under subparagraph (B), (C), 

or (D) of subsection (c)(2) shall submit to the Administrator, 

within the time period prescribed by paragraph (4), the notice 

described in paragraph (2) and any information, commitment, 

or offer described in paragraph (3).

(2) NOTICE OF INTENT TO SEEK OR NOT TO SEEK REREGISTRATION.—

(A) The registrant of a pesticide containing an active 

ingredient listed under subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of 

subsection (c)(2) shall notify the Administrator by certified 

mail whether the registrant intends to seek or does not intend to seek reregistration of the pesticide.

(B) If a registrant submits a notice under subparagraph (A) of an intention not to seek reregistration of a 

pesticide, the Administrator shall publish a notice in the 

Federal Register stating that such a notice has been submitted.

(3) MISSING OR INADEQUATE DATA.—Each registrant of a 

pesticide that contains an active ingredient listed under sub-
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 38

paragraph (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (c)(2) and for which the 

registrant submitted a notice under paragraph (2) of an intention to seek reregistration of such pesticide shall submit to the 

Administrator—

(A) in accordance with regulations issued by the Administrator under section 3, an identification of—

(i) all data that are required by regulation to support the registration of the pesticide with respect to 

such active ingredient;

(ii) data that were submitted by the registrant previously in support of the registration of the pesticide 

that are inadequate to meet such regulations; and

(iii) data identified under clause (i) that have not 

been submitted to the Administrator; and

(B) either—

(i) a commitment to replace the data identified

under subparagraph (A)(ii) and submit the data identified under subparagraph (A)(iii) within the applicable

time period prescribed by paragraph (4)(B); or

(ii) an offer to share in the cost to be incurred by

a person who has made a commitment under clause (i)

to replace or submit the data and an offer to submit

to arbitration as described by section 3(c)(2)(B) with regard to such cost sharing.

For purposes of a submission by a registrant under subparagraph (A)(ii), data are inadequate if the data are derived from

a study with respect to which the registrant is unable to make

the certification prescribed by subsection (e)(1)(G) that the registrant possesses or has access to the raw data used in or generated by such study. For purposes of a submission by a registrant under such subparagraph, data shall be considered to

be inadequate if the data are derived from a study submitted

before January 1, 1970, unless it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administratorthat such data should be considered to support the registration of the pesticide that is to be reregistered.

(4) TIME PERIODS.—

(A) A submission under paragraph (2) or (3) shall be

made—

(i) in the case of a pesticide containing an active 

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(B), not later 

than 3 months after the date of publication of the listing of such active ingredient;

(ii) in the case of a pesticide containing an active 

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(C), not later 

than 3 months after the date of publication of the listing of such active ingredient; and

(iii) in the case of a pesticide containing an active 

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(D), not later 

than 3 months after the date of publication of the listing of such active ingredient.

On application, the Administrator may extend a time period prescribed by this subparagraph if the Administrator 

determines that factors beyond the control of the registrant 

prevent the registrant from complying with such period.
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39 FIFRA Sec. 4

(B) A registrant shall submit data in accordance with 

a commitment entered into under paragraph (3)(B) within 

a reasonable period of time, as determined by the Administrator, but not more than 48 months after the date the registrant submitted the commitment. The Administrator, on 

application of a registrant, may extend the period prescribed by the preceding sentence by no more than 2 years 

if extraordinary circumstances beyond the control of the 

registrant prevent the registrant from submitting data 

within such prescribed period. Upon application of a registrant, the Administrator shall, in the case of a minor use, 

extend the deadline for the production of residue chemistry 

data under this subparagraph for data required solely to 

support that minor use until the final deadline for submission of data under this section for the other uses of the pesticide established as of the date of enactment of the Food 

Quality Protection Act of 1996 [Aug. 3, 1996] if—

(i) the data to support other uses of the pesticide 

on a food are being provided;

(ii) the registrant, in submitting a request for such 

an extension provides a schedule, including interim 

dates to measure progress, to assure that the data production will be completed before the expiration of the 

extension period;

(iii) the Administrator has determined that such 

extension will not significantly delay the Administrator’s schedule for issuing a reregistration eligibility determination required under this section; and

(iv) the Administrator has determined that based 

on existing data, such extension would not significantly increase the risk of any unreasonable adverse 

effect on the environment. 4–1 If the Administrator 

grants an extension under this subparagraph, the Administrator shall monitor the development of the data 

and shall ensure that the registrant is meeting the 

schedule for the production of the data. If the Administrator determinesthat the registrant is not meeting or 

has not met the schedule for the production of such 

data, the Administrator may proceed in accordance 

with clause (iv) of section 3(c)(2)(B) or other provisions 

of this section, as appropriate, regarding the continued 

registration of the affected products with the minor use 

and shall inform the public of such action. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subparagraph, the Administrator may take action to modify or revoke the 

extension under this subparagraph if the Administrator determinesthat the extension for the minor use 

may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment. In such circumstance, the Administrator 

shall provide written notice to the registrant revoking 

the extension of time for submission of data. Such data 

shall instead be due in accordance with the date then

4–1 Indentation of the following sentences of this subparagraph is so in original (as added 

by sec. 201(c)(2) of P.L. 104–170). Probably should be indented the same as flush matter 

of this subparagraph.
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 40

established by the Administrator for submission of the 

data.

(5) CANCELLATION AND REMOVAL.—

(A) If the registrant of a pesticide does not submit a

notice under paragraph (2) or (3) within the time prescribed by paragraph (4)(A), the Administrator shall issue 

a notice of intent to cancel the registration of such registrant for such pesticide and shall publish the notice in 

the Federal Register and allow 60 days for the submission 

of comments on the notice. On expiration of such 60 days, 

the Administrator, by order and without a hearing, may 

cancel the registration or take such other action, including 

extension of applicable time periods, as may be necessary 

to enable reregistration of such pesticide by another person.

(B)(i) If—

(I) no registrant of a pesticide containing an active 

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2) notifies the 

Administrator under paragraph (2) that the registrant 

intends to seek reregistration of any pesticide containing that active ingredient;

(II) no such registrant complies with paragraph

(3)(A); or

(III) no such registrant makes a commitment 

under paragraph (3)(B) to replace or submit all data 

described in clauses (ii) and (iii) of paragraph (3)(A);

the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a 

notice of intent to remove the active ingredient from the 

list established under subsection (c)(2) and a notice of intent to cancel the registrations of all pesticides containing 

such active ingredient and shall provide 60 days for comment on such notice.

(ii) After the 60-day period has expired, the Administrator, by order, may cancel any such registration without 

hearing, except that the Administrator shall not cancel a 

registration under this subparagraph if—

(I) during the comment period a person acquires 

the rights of the registrant in that registration;

(II) during the comment period that person furnishes a notice of intent to reregister the pesticide in 

accordancewith paragraph (2); and

(III) not later than 120 days after the publication 

of the notice under this subparagraph, that person has 

complied with paragraph (3) and the fee prescribed by 

subsection (i)(1) has been paid.

(6) SUSPENSIONS AND PENALTIES.—The Administrator shall 

issue a notice of intent to suspend the registration of a pesticide in accordance with the procedures prescribed by section

3(c)(2)(B)(iv) if the Administrator determines that (A) progress 

is insufficient to ensure the submission of the data required for

such pesticide under a commitment made under paragraph 

(3)(B) within the time period prescribed by paragraph (4)(B) or 

(B) the registrant has not submitted such data to the Administrator within such time period. If the registrant does not commit to support a specific minor use of the pesticide, but is supporting and providing data in a timely and adequate fashion to
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41 FIFRA Sec. 4

support uses of the pesticide on a food, or if all uses of the pesticide are nonfood uses and the registrant does not commit to 

support a specific minor use of the pesticide but is supporting 

and providing data in a timely and adequate fashion to support 

other nonfood uses of the pesticide, the Administrator, at the 

written request of the registrant, shall not take any action pursuant to this paragraph in regard to such unsupported minor 

use until the final deadline established as of the date of enactment of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 [Aug. 3, 1996], 

for the submission of data under this section for the supported 

uses identified pursuant to this paragraph unless the Administrator determines that the absence of the data is significant 

enough to cause human health or environmental concerns. On 

such a determination the Administrator may refuse the request 

for extension by the registrant. Upon receipt of the request 

from the registrant, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of the receipt of the request and the effective date upon which the uses not being supported will be voluntarily deleted from the registration pursuant to section

6(f)(1). If the Administrator grants an extension under this 

paragraph, the Administrator shall monitor the development of 

the data for the uses being supported and shall ensure that the 

registrant is meeting the schedule for the production of such 

data. If the Administrator determines that the registrant is not 

meeting or has not met the schedule for the production of such 

data, the Administrator may proceed in accordance with section

3(c)(2)(B)(iv) regarding the continued registration of the affected products with the minor and other uses and shall inform 

the public of such action in accordance with section 6(f)(2). Notwithstanding this subparagraph, the Administrator may deny, 

modify, or revoke the temporary extension under this paragraph if the Administrator determines that the continuation of 

the minor use may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the 

environment. In the event of modification or revocation, the Administrator shall provide, in writing, to the registrant a notice 

revoking the temporary extension and establish a new effective 

date by which the minor use shall be deleted from the registration.

(e) PHASE THREE.—

(1) INFORMATION ABOUT STUDIES.—Each registrant of a pesticide that contains an active ingredient listed under subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (c)(2) who has submitted a 

notice under subsection (d)(2) of an intent to seek the reregistration of such pesticide shall submit, in accordance with the 

guidelines issued under paragraph (4), to the Administrator—

(A) a summary of each study concerning the active ingredient previously submitted by the registrant in support

of the registration of a pesticide containing such active ingredient and considered by the registrant to be adequate to 

meet the requirements of section 3 and the regulations 

issued under such section;

(B) a summary of each study concerning the active ingredient previously submitted by the registrant in support 

of the registration of a pesticide containing such active ingredient that may not comply with the requirements of section 3 and the regulations issued under such section but
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 42

which the registrant asserts should be deemed to comply 

with such requirements and regulations;

(C) a reformat of the data from each study summarized 

under subparagraph (A) or (B) by the registrant concerning 

chronic dosing, oncogenicity, reproductive effects, mutagenicity, neurotoxicity, teratogenicity, or residue chemistry of 

the active ingredient that were submitted to the Administrator before January 1, 1982;

(D) where data described in subparagraph (C) are not 

required for the active ingredient by regulations issued 

under section 3, a reformat of acute and subchronic dosing 

data submitted by the registrant to the Administrator before January 1, 1982, that the registrant considers to be 

adequate to meet the requirements of section 3 and the 

regulations issued under such section;

(E) an identification of data that are required to be 

submitted to the Administrator under section 6(a)(2) indicating an adverse effect of the pesticide;

(F) an identification of any other information available 

that in the view of the registrant supports the registration; 

(G) a certification that the registrant or the Administrator possesses or has access to the raw data used in or 

generated by the studies that the registrant summarized

under subparagraph (A) or (B); 

(H) either—

(i) a commitment to submit data to fill each outstanding data requirement identified by the registrant; 

or

(ii) an offer to share in the cost of developing such 

data to be incurred by a person who has made a commitment under clause (i) to submit such data, and an 

offer to submit to arbitration as described by section

3(c)(2)(B) with regard to such cost sharing; and

(I) evidence of compliance with section 3(c)(1)(D)(ii)

and regulations issued thereunder with regard to previously submitted data as if the registrant were now seeking the original registration of the pesticide.

A registrant who submits a certification under subparagraph

(G) that is false shall be considered to have violated this Act

and shall be subject to the penalties prescribed by section 14.

(2) TIME PERIODS.—

(A) The information required by paragraph (1) shall be

submitted to the Administrator—

(i) in the case of a pesticide containing an active

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(B), not later

than 12 months after the date of publication of the listing of such active ingredient;

(ii) in the case of a pesticide containing an active

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(C), not later

than 12 months after the date of publication of the listing of such active ingredient; and

(iii) in the case of a pesticide containing an active

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(D), not later

than 12 months after the date of publication of the listing of such active ingredient.
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43 FIFRA Sec. 4

(B) A registrant shall submit data in accordance with 

a commitment entered into under paragraph (1)(H) within 

a reasonable period of time, as determined by the Administrator, but not more than 48 months after the date the registrant submitted the commitment under such paragraph. 

The Administrator, on application of a registrant, may extend the period prescribed by the preceding sentence by no 

more than 2 years if extraordinary circumstances beyond 

the control of the registrant prevent the registrant from 

submitting data within such prescribed period. Upon application of a registrant, the Administrator shall, in the case 

of a minor use, extend the deadline for the production of 

residue chemistry data under this subparagraph for data 

required solely to support that minor use until the final 

deadline for submission of data under this section for the 

other uses of the pesticide established as of the date of enactment of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 [Aug.

3, 1996] if—

(i) the data to support other uses of the pesticide 

on a food are being provided;

(ii) the registrant, in submitting a request for such 

an extension provides a schedule, including interim 

dates to measure progress, to assure that the data production will be completed before the expiration of the 

extension period;

(iii) the Administrator has determined that such 

extension will not significantly delay the Administrator’s schedule for issuing a reregistration eligibility determination required under this section; and

(iv) the Administrator has determined that based 

on existing data, such extension would not significantly increase the risk of any unreasonable adverse 

effect on the environment. 4–2 If the Administrator 

grants an extension under this subparagraph, the Administrator shall monitor the development of the data 

and shall ensure that the registrant is meeting the 

schedule for the production of the data. If the Administrator determinesthat the registrant is not meeting or 

has not met the schedule for the production of such 

data, the Administrator may proceed in accordance 

with clause (iv) of section 3(c)(2)(B) or other provisions 

of this section, as appropriate, regarding the continued 

registration of the affected products with the minor use 

and shall inform the public of such action. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subparagraph, the Administrator may take action to modify or revoke the 

extension under this subparagraph if the Administrator determinesthat the extension for the minor use 

may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment. In such circumstance, the Administrator 

shall provide written notice to the registrant revoking 

the extension of time for submission of data. Such data 

shall instead be due in accordance with the date then

4–2 Indentation of the following sentences of this subparagraph is so in original (as added 

by sec. 201(c)(2) of P.L. 104–170). Probably should be indented the same as flush matter 

of this subparagraph.
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 44

established by the Administrator for submission of the 

data.

(3) CANCELLATION.—

(A) If the registrant of a pesticide fails to submit the

information required by paragraph (1) within the time prescribed by paragraph (2), the Administrator, by order and 

without hearing, shall cancel the registration of such pesticide. If the registrant does not commit to support a specific minor use of the pesticide, but is supporting and providing data in a timely and adequate fashion to support 

uses of the pesticide on a food, or if all uses of the pesticide 

are nonfood uses and the registrant does not commit to 

support a specific minor use of the pesticide but is supporting and providing data in a timely and adequate fashion to support other nonfood uses of the pesticide, the Administrator, at the written request of the registrant, shall 

not take any action pursuant to this subparagraph in regard to such unsupported minor use until the final deadline established as of the date of enactment of the Food 

Quality Protection Act of 1996 [Aug. 3, 1996], for the submission of data under this section for the supported uses 

identified pursuant to this subparagraph unless the Administrator determines that the absence of the data is significant enough to cause human health or environmental 

concerns. On the basis of such determination, the Administrator may refuse the request for extension by the registrant. Upon receipt of the request from the registrant, the 

Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of the receipt of the request and the effective date upon 

which the uses not being supported will be voluntarily deleted from the registration pursuant to section 6(f)(1). If 

the Administrator grants an extension under this subparagraph, the Administrator shall monitor the development of 

the data for the uses being supported and shall ensure that 

the registrant is meeting the schedule for the production of 

such data. If the Administrator determines that the registrant is not meeting or has not met the schedule for the 

production of such data, the Administrator may proceed in 

accordance with section 3(c)(2)(B)(iv) regarding the continued registration of the affected products with the minor 

and other uses and shall inform the public of such action 

in accordance with section 6(f)(2). Notwithstanding this 

subparagraph, the Administrator may deny, modify, or revoke the temporary extension under this subparagraph if 

the Administrator determines that the continuation of the 

minor use may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the 

environment. In the event of modification or revocation, the 

Administrator shall provide, in writing, to the registrant a 

notice revoking the temporary extension and establish a 

new effective date by which the minor use shall be deleted 

from the registration.

(B)(i) If the registrant of a pesticide submits the information required by paragraph (1) within the time prescribed by paragraph (2) and such information does not 

conform to the guidelines for submissions established by 

the Administrator, the Administrator shall determine
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45 FIFRA Sec. 4

whether the registrant made a good faith attempt to conform its submission to such guidelines.

(ii) If the Administrator determines that the registrant 

made a good faith attempt to conform its submission to 

such guidelines, the Administrator shall provide the registrant a reasonable period of time to make any necessary

changes or corrections.

(iii)(I) If the Administrator determines that the registrant did not make a good faith attempt to conform its 

submission to such guidelines, the Administrator may issue 

a notice of intent to cancel the registration. Such a notice 

shall be sent to the registrant by certified mail.

(II) The registration shall be canceled without a hearing or further notice at the end of 30 days after receipt by 

the registrant of the notice unless during that time a request for a hearing is made by the registrant.

(III) If a hearing is requested, a hearing shall be conducted under section 6(d), except that the only matter for 

resolution at the hearing shall be whether the registrant 

made a good faith attempt to conform its submission to 

such guidelines. The hearing shall be held and a determination made within 75 days after receipt of a request for 

hearing.

(4) GUIDELINES.—

(A) Not later than 1 year after the effective date of this 

section [December 24, 1988], the Administrator, by order, 

shall issue guidelines to be followed by registrants in—

(i) summarizing studies; 

(ii) reformatting studies;

(iii) identifying adverse information; and

(iv) identifying studies that have been submitted 

previously that may not meet the requirements of section 3 or regulations issued under such section,

under paragraph (1).

(B) Guidelines issued under subparagraph (A) shall not 

be subject to judicial review.

(5) MONITORING.—The Administrator shall monitor the 

progress of registrants in acquiring and submitting the data required under paragraph (1).

(f) PHASE FOUR.—

(1) INDEPENDENT REVIEW AND IDENTIFICATION OF OUTSTANDING DATA REQUIREMENTS.—

(A) The Administrator shall review the submissions of 

all registrants of pesticides containing a particular active 

ingredient under subsections (d)(3) and (e)(1) to determine 

if such submissions identified all the data that are missing 

or inadequate for such active ingredient. To assist the review of the Administrator under this subparagraph, the 

Administrator may require a registrant seeking reregistration to submit complete copies of studies summarized 

under subsection (e)(1).

(B) The Administrator shall independently identify and 

publish in the Federal Register the outstanding data requirements for each active ingredient that is listed under 

subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (c)(2) and that 

is contained in a pesticide to be reregistered under this sec-
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 46

tion. The Administrator, at the same time, shall issue a notice under section 3(c)(2)(B) for the submission of the additional data that are required to meet such requirements.

(2) TIME PERIODS.—

(A) The Administrator shall take the action required 

by paragraph (1)—

(i) in the case of a pesticide containing an active 

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(B), not later 

than 18 months after the date of the listing of such active ingredient;

(ii) in the case of a pesticide containing an active 

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(C), not later 

than 24 months after the date of the listing of such active ingredient; and

(iii) in the case of a pesticide containing an active 

ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2)(D), not later 

than 33 months after the date of the listing of such active ingredient.

(B) If the Administrator issues a notice to a registrant 

under paragraph (1)(B) for the submission of additional 

data, the registrant shall submit such data within a reasonable period of time, as determined by the Administrator, but not to exceed 48 months after the issuance of 

such notice. The Administrator, on application of a registrant, may extend the period prescribed by the preceding 

sentence by no more than 2 years if extraordinary circumstances beyond the control of the registrant prevent 

the registrant from submitting data within such prescribed 

period. Upon application of a registrant, the Administrator 

shall, in the case of a minor use, extend the deadline for 

the production of residue chemistry data under this subparagraph for data required solely to support that minor 

use until the final deadline for submission of data under 

this section for the other uses of the pesticide established 

as of the date of enactment of the Food Quality Protection 

Act of 1996 [Aug. 3, 1996] if—

(i) the data to support other uses of the pesticide 

on a food are being provided;

(ii) the registrant, in submitting a request for such 

an extension provides a schedule, including interim 

dates to measure progress, to assure that the data production will be completed before the expiration of the 

extension period;

(iii) the Administrator has determined that such 

extension will not significantly delay the Administrator’s schedule for issuing a reregistration eligibility determination required under this section; and

(iv) the Administrator has determined that based 

on existing data, such extension would not significantly increase the risk of any unreasonable adverse 

effect on the environment. 4–3 If the Administrator 

grants an extension under this subparagraph, the Administrator shall monitor the development of the data

4–3 Indentation of the following sentences of this subparagraph is so in original (as added 

by sec. 201(c)(2) of P.L. 104–170). Probably should be indented the same as flush matter 

of this subparagraph.
May 22, 2008

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47 FIFRA Sec. 4

and shall ensure that the registrant is meeting the

schedule for the production of the data. If the Administrator determinesthat the registrant is not meeting or 

has not met the schedule for the production of such 

data, the Administrator may proceed in accordance 

with clause (iv) of section 3(c)(2)(B) or other provisions 

of this section, as appropriate, regarding the continued 

registration of the affected products with the minor use 

and shall inform the public of such action. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subparagraph, the Administrator may take action to modify or revoke the 

extension under this subparagraph if the Administrator determinesthat the extension for the minor use 

may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment. In such circumstance, the Administrator 

shall provide written notice to the registrant revoking 

the extension of time for submission of data. Such data 

shall instead be due in accordance with the date then 

established by the Administrator for submission of the 

data.

(3) SUSPENSIONS AND PENALTIES.—The Administrator shall 

issue a notice of intent to suspend the registration of a pesticide in accordance with the procedures prescribed by section

3(c)(2)(B)(iv) if the Administrator determines that (A) tests necessary to fill an outstanding data requirement for such pesticide have not been initiated within 1 year after the issuance 

of a notice under paragraph (1)(B), or (B) progress is insufficient to ensure submission of the data referred to in clause (A) 

within the time period prescribed by paragraph (2)(B) or the required data have not been submitted to the Administrator 

within such time period. If the registrant does not commit to 

support a specific minor use of the pesticide, but is supporting 

and providing data in a timely and adequate fashion to support 

uses of the pesticide on a food, or if all uses of the pesticide are 

nonfood uses and the registrant does not commit to support a 

specific minor use of the pesticide but is supporting and providing data in a timely and adequate fashion to support other 

nonfood uses of the pesticide, the Administrator, at the written 

request of the registrant, shall not take any action pursuant to 

this paragraph in regard to such unsupported minor use until 

the final deadline established as of the date of enactment of the 

Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 [Aug. 3, 1996], for the submission of data under this section for the supported uses identified pursuant to this paragraph unless the Administrator determines that the absence of the data is significant enough to 

cause human health or environmental concerns. On such a determination the Administrator may refuse the request for extension by the registrant. Upon receipt of the request from the 

registrant, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of the receipt of the request and the effective date 

upon which the uses not being supported will be voluntarily deleted from the registration pursuant to section 6(f)(1). If the Administrator grants an extension under this paragraph, the Administrator shall monitor the development of the data for the 

uses being supported and shall ensure that the registrant is 

meeting the schedule for the production of such data. If the Ad-
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 48

ministrator determines that the registrant is not meeting or

has not met the schedule for the production of such data, the

Administrator may proceed in accordance with section

3(c)(2)(B)(iv) regarding the continued registration of the affected products with the minor and other uses and shall inform

the public of such action in accordance with section 6(f)(2). Notwithstanding this subparagraph, the Administrator may deny,

modify, or revoke the temporary extension under this paragraph if the Administrator determines that the continuation of

the minor use may cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the

environment. In the event of modification or revocation, the Administrator shall provide, in writing, to the registrant a notice

revoking the temporary extension and establish a new effective

date by which the minor use shall be deleted from the registration.

(g) PHASE FIVE.—

(1) DATA REVIEW.—The Administrator shall conduct a thorough examination of all data submitted under this section concerning an active ingredient listed under subsection (c)(2) and

of all other available data found by the Administrator to be relevant.

(2) REREGISTRATION AND OTHER ACTIONS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall make a determination as to eligibility for reregistration—

(i) for all active ingredients subject to reregistration under this section for which tolerances or exemptions from tolerances are required under the Federal

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.),

not later than the last date for tolerance reassessment

established under section 408(q)(1)(C) of that Act (21

U.S.C. 346a(q)(1)(C)); and

(ii) for all other active ingredients subject to reregistration under this section, not later than October 3,

2008.

(B) PRODUCT-SPECIFIC DATA.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Before reregistering a pesticide,

the Administrator shall obtain any needed product-specific data regarding the pesticide by use of section

3(c)(2)(B) and shall review such data within 90 days

after its submission.

(ii) TIMING.—

(I) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subclause (II), the

Administratorshall require that data under this

subparagraph be submitted to the Administrator

not later than 8 months after a determination of

eligibility under subparagraph (A) has been made

for each active ingredient of the pesticide, unless

the Administrator determines that a longer period

is required for the generation of the data.

(II) EXTRAORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCES.—In the

case of extraordinary circumstances, the Administrator may provide such a longer period, of not

more than 2 additional years, for submission of

data to the Administrator under this subparagraph.
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49 FIFRA Sec. 4

(C) After conducting the review required by paragraph

(1) for each active ingredient of a pesticide and the review 

required by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, the Administrator shall determine whether to reregister a pesticide by determining whether such pesticide meets the requirements of section 3(c)(5). If the Administrator determines that a pesticide is eligible to be reregistered, the Administrator shall reregister such pesticide within 6 months 

after the submission of the data concerning such pesticide 

under subparagraph (B).

(D) DETERMINATION TO NOT REREGISTER.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—If after conducting a review

under paragraph (1) or subparagraph (B) of this paragraph the Administrator determines that a pesticide

should not be reregistered, the Administrator shall

take appropriate regulatory action.

(ii) TIMING FOR REGULATORY ACTION.—Regulatory

action under clause (i) shall be completed as expeditiously as possible.

(E) As soon as the Administrator has sufficient information with respect to the dietary risk of a particular active ingredient, but in any event no later than the time the

Administrator makes a determination under subparagraph

(C) or (D) with respect to pesticides containing a particular

active ingredient, the Administrator shall—

(i) reassess each associated tolerance and exemption from the requirement for a tolerance issued under

section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic

Act (21 U.S.C. 346a);

(ii) determine whether such tolerance or exemption

meets the requirements of that Act;

(iii) determine whether additional tolerances or exemptions should be issued;

(iv) publish in the Federal Register a notice setting

forth the determinations made under this subparagraph; and

(v) commence promptly such proceedings under

this Act and section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug,

and Cosmetic Act as are warranted by such determinations.

(h) COMPENSATION OF DATA SUBMITTER.—If data that are submitted by a registrant under subsection (d), (e), (f), or (g) are used

to support the application of another person under section 3, the

registrant who submitted such data shall be entitled to compensation for the use of such data as prescribed by section 3(c)(1)(D). In

determining the amount of such compensation, the fees paid by the

registrant under this section shall be taken into account.

(i) FEES.—

(1) INITIAL FEE FOR FOOD OR FEED USE PESTICIDE ACTIVE

INGREDIENTS.—The registrants of pesticidesthat contain an active ingredient that is listed under subparagraph (B), (C), or

(D) of subsection (c)(2) and that is an active ingredient of any

pesticide registered for a major food or feed use shall collectively pay a fee of $50,000 on submission of information under

paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (d) for such ingredient.
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 50

(2) FINAL FEE FOR FOOD OR FEED USE PESTICIDE ACTIVE 

INGREDIENTS.—

(A) The registrants of pesticidesthat contain an active 

ingredient that is listed under subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) 

of subsection (c)(2) and that is an active ingredient of any 

pesticide registered for a major food or feed use shall collectively pay a fee of $100,000—

(i) on submission of information for such ingredient under subsection (e)(1) if data are reformatted 

under subsection (e)(1)(C); or

(ii) on submission of data for such ingredient 

under subsection (e)(2)(B) if data are not reformatted 

under subsection (e)(1)(C).

(B) The registrants of pesticidesthat contain an active 

ingredient that is listed under subsection (c)(2)(A) and that 

is an active ingredient of any pesticide registered for a 

major food or feed use shall collectively pay a fee of

$150,000 at such time as the Administrator shall prescribe. 

(3) FEES FOR OTHER PESTICIDE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS.—

(A) The registrants of pesticidesthat contain an active

ingredient that is listed under subparagraph (B), (C), or (D)

of subsection (c)(2) and that is not an active ingredient of

any pesticide registered for a major food or feed use shall

collectively pay fees in amounts determined by the Administrator. Such fees may not be less than one-half of, nor

greater than, the fees required by paragraphs (1) and (2).

A registrant shall pay such fees at the times corresponding

to the times fees prescribed by paragraphs (1) and (2) are

to be paid.

(B) The registrants of pesticidesthat contain an active

ingredientthat is listed under subsection (c)(2)(A) and that

is not an active ingredient of any pesticide that is registered for a major food or feed use shall collectively pay

a fee of not more than $100,000 and not less than $50,000

at such time as the Administrator shall prescribe.

(4) REDUCTION OR WAIVER OF FEES FOR MINOR USE AND

OTHER PESTICIDES.—

(A) An active ingredient that is contained only in pesticides that are registered solely for agricultural or nonagricultural minor uses, or a pesticide the value or volume

of use of which is small, shall be exempt from the fees prescribed by paragraph (3).

(B) The Administrator shall exempt any public health

pesticide from the payment of the fee prescribed under

paragraph (3) if, in consultation with the Secretary of

Health and Human Services, the Administrator determines, based on information supplied by the registrant,

that the economic return to the registrant from sales of the

pesticide does not support the registration or reregistration

of the pesticide.

(C) An antimicrobial active ingredient, the production

level of which does not exceed 1,000,000 pounds per year,

shall be exempt from the fees prescribed by paragraph (3).

For purposes of this subparagraph, the term ‘‘antimicrobial

active ingredient’’ means any active ingredient that is con-
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51 FIFRA Sec. 4

tained only in pesticides that are not registered for any 

food or feed use and that are—

(i) sanitizers intended to reduce the number of living bacteria or viable virus particles on inanimate surface or in water or air;

(ii) bacteriostats intended to inhibit the growth of 

bacteria in the presence of moisture;

(iii) disinfectants intended to destroy or irreversibly inactivate bacteria, fungi, or viruses on surfaces or 

inanimate objects;

(iv) sterilizers intended to destroy viruses and all 

living bacteria, fungi, and their spores on inanimate 

surfaces; or

(v) fungicides or fungistats.

(D)(i) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, in the case of a small business registrant of a pesticide, the registrant shall pay a fee for the reregistration

of each active ingredient of the pesticide that does not exceed an amount determined in accordance with this subparagraph.

(ii) If during the 3-year period prior to reregistration

the average annual gross revenue of the registrant from

pesticides containing such active ingredient is—

(I) less than $5,000,000, the registrant shall pay

0.5 percent of such revenue;

(II) $5,000,000 or more but less than $10,000,000,

the registrant shall pay 1 percent of such revenue; or

(III) $10,000,000 or more, the registrant shall pay

1.5 percent of such revenue, but not more than

$150,000.

(iii) For the purpose of this subparagraph, a small

business registrant is a corporation, partnership, or unincorporated business that—

(I) has 150 or fewer employees; and

(II) during the 3-year period prior to reregistration, had an average annual gross revenue from chemicals that did not exceed $40,000,000.

(5) MAINTENANCE FEE.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to other provisions of this

paragraph, each registrant of a pesticide shall pay an annual fee by January 15 of each year for each registration,

except that no fee shall be charged for more than 200 registrations held by any registrant.

(B) In the case of a pesticide that is registered for a

minor agricultural use, the Administrator may reduce or

waive the payment of the fee imposed under this paragraph if the Administrator determines that the fee would

significantly reduce the availability of the pesticide for the

use.

(C) TOTAL AMOUNT OF FEES.—The amount of each fee 

prescribed under subparagraph (A) shall be adjusted by the 

Administrator to a level that will result in the collection 

under this paragraph of, to the extent practicable, an ag-
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 52

gregate amount of $22,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 

through 2012 4–4

(D) 4–5 MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF FEES FOR REGISTRANTS.—

The maximum annual fee payable under this paragraph 

by—

(i) 4–6 a registrant holding not more than 50 pesticide registrations shall be $71,000 for each of fiscal 

years 2008 through 2012; and

(ii) 4–7 a registrant holding over 50 registrations 

shall be $123,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through

2012.

(E) 4–8MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF FEES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—For a small business, the maximum annual fee payable under this paragraph by—

(I) a registrant holding not more than 50 pesticide registrations shall be $50,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012; and

(II) a registrant holding over 50 pesticide registrations shall be $86,000 for each of fiscal years

2008 through 2012.

(ii) DEFINITION OF SMALL BUSINESS.—

(I) IN GENERAL.—In clause (i), the term ‘‘small 

business’’ means a corporation, partnership, or unincorporated business that—

(aa) has 500 or fewer employees; and

(bb) during the 3-year period prior to the 

most recent maintenance fee billing cycle, had 

an average annual global gross revenue from 

pesticidesthat did not exceed $60,000,000.

(II) AFFILIATES.—

(aa) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a business entity with 1 or more affiliates, the gross 

revenue limit under subclause (I)(bb) shall 

apply to the gross revenue for the entity and 

all of the affiliates of the entity, including parents and subsidiaries, if applicable.

(bb) AFFILIATED PERSONS.—For the purpose of item (aa), persons are affiliates of each 

other if, directly or indirectly, either person 

controls or has the power to control the other 

person, or a third person controls or has the 

power to control both persons.

(cc) INDICIA OF CONTROL.—For the purpose of item (aa), indicia of control include

4–4 Lack of period is so in original (as amended by sec. 4(a) of P.L. 110-94). Probably 

should add a period at the end.

4–5 Title II of the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003, P.L. 108–

11, 117 Stat. 603, provided that ‘‘Within 30 days of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall adjust each ‘maximum annual fee 

payable’ pursuant to 7 U.S.C. 136a–1(i)(5)(D) and (E) in a manner such that maintenance 

fee collections made to reach the level authorized in division K of Public Law 108–7 shall 

be established in the same proportion as those maintenance fee collections authorized in 

Public Law 107–73.’’.

4–6 Subclause margins are so in original (as added by sec. 501(c)(1)(B)(ii) of P.L. 108–

199). Probably should be further indented.

4–7 Subclause margins are so in original (as added by sec. 501(c)(1)(B)(iii) of P.L. 108–

199). Probably should be further indented.

4–8 See note 4–4.
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53 FIFRA Sec. 4

interlocking management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, 

shared facilities and equipment, and common 

use of employees.

(F) The Administrator shall exempt any public health 

pesticide from the payment of the fee prescribed under 

paragraph (3) if, in consultation with the Secretary of 

Health and Humans 4–9 Services, the Administrator determines, based on information supplied by the registrant,

that the economic return to the registrant from sales of the 

pesticide does not support the registration or reregistration 

of the pesticide.

(G) If any fee prescribed by this paragraph with respect to the registration of a pesticide is not paid by a registrant by the time prescribed, the Administrator, by order 

and without hearing, may cancel the registration.

(H) The authority provided under this paragraph shall 

terminate on September 30, 2012.

(6) OTHER FEES.—Except as provided in section 33, during

the period beginning on the date of enactment of this section 

[October 25, 1988] and ending on September 30, 2014, the Administrator may not levy any other fees for the registration of 

a pesticide under this Act except as provided in paragraphs (1) 

through (5).

(7) APPORTIONMENT.—

(A) If two or more registrants are required to pay any 

fee prescribed by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) with respect to 

a particular active ingredient, the fees for such active ingredient shall be apportioned among such registrants on 

the basis of the market share in United States sales of the 

active ingredient for the 3 calendar years preceding the 

date of payment of such fee, except that—

(i) small business registrants that produce the active ingredient shall pay fees in accordance with paragraph (4)(C); and

(ii) registrants who have no market share but who 

choose to reregister a pesticide containing such active 

ingredient shall pay the lesser of—

(I) 15 percent of the reregistration fee; or

(II) a proportionate amount of such fee based 

on the lowest percentage market share held by any 

registrant active in the marketplace.

In no event shall registrants who have no market 

share but who choose to reregister a pesticide containing such active ingredient collectively pay more 

than 25 percent of the total active ingredient reregistration fee.

(B) The Administrator, by order, may require any registrant to submit such reports as the Administrator determines to be necessary to allow the Administrator to 

determine and apportion fees under this subsection, to determine the registrant’s eligibility for a reduction or waiver 

of a fee, or to determine the volume usage for public health 

pesticides.

4–9 So in original (as added by sec. 232(2) of P.L. 104–170). Probably should be ‘‘Human’’.
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 54

(C) If any such report is not submitted by a registrant 

after receiving notice of such report requirement, or if any 

fee prescribed by this subsection (other than paragraph (5)) 

for an active ingredient is not paid by a registrant to the 

Administrator by the time prescribed under this subsection, the Administrator, by order and without hearing, 

may cancel each registration held by such registrant of a 

pesticide containing the active ingredient with respect to 

which the fee is imposed. The Administrator shall reapportion the fee among the remaining registrants and notify 

the registrants that the registrants are required to pay to 

the Administrator any unpaid balance of the fee within 30 

days after receipt of such notice.

(j) EXEMPTION OF CERTAIN REGISTRANTS.—The requirements of 

subsections (d), (e), (f), and (i) (other than subsection (i)(5)) regarding data concerning an active ingredient and fees for review of such 

data shall not apply to any person who is the registrant of a pesticide to the extent that, under section 3(c)(2)(D), the person would 

not be required to submit or cite such data to obtain an initial registration of such pesticide.

(k) REREGISTRATION AND EXPEDITED PROCESSING FUND.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There shall be established in the

Treasury of the United States a reregistration and expedited

processing fund which shall be known as the Reregistration

and Expedited Processing Fund. 4–10

(2) 4–11 SOURCE AND USE.—

(A) All moneys derived from fees collected by the Administrator under subsection (i) shall be deposited in the

fund and shall be available to the Administrator, without

fiscal year limitation, specifically to offset the costs of reregistration and expedited processing of the applications

specified in paragraph (3) and to offset the costs of registration review under section 3(g). Such moneys derived

from fees may not be expended in any fiscal year to the extent such moneys derived from fees would exceed money 

appropriated for use by the Administrator and expended in 

such year for such costs of reregistration and expedited 

processing of such applications. The Administrator shall, 

prior to expending any such moneys derived from fees—

(i) effective October 1, 1997, adopt specific and cost 

accounting rules and procedures as approved by the 

General Accounting Office [General Accountability Office] and the Inspector General of the Environmental 

Protection Agency to ensure that moneys derived from 

fees are allocated solely to the costs of reregistration 

and expedited processing of the applications specified 

in paragraph (3) and to offset the costs of registration 

review under section 3(g) in the same portion as appropriated funds;

4–10 Sec. 501(b) of P.L. 104–170 amended sec. 4(k)(1) (7 U.S.C. 136a–1(k)(1)) by inserting

‘‘which shall be known as the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund’’, without 

specifying the Act that was being amended. The amendment was executed to this Act to 

effectuate the probable intent of Congress.

4–11 Sec. 501(c) of P.L. 104–170 amended sec. 4(k)(2) (7 U.S.C. 136a–1(k)(2)) to read as 

provided above, without specifying the Act that was being amended. The amendment was 

executed to this Act to effectuate the probable intent of Congress.
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55 FIFRA Sec. 4

(ii) prohibit the use of such moneys derived from 

fees to pay for any costs other than those necessary to 

achieve reregistration and expedited processing of the 

applications specified in paragraph (3) and to offset the 

costs of registration review under section 3(g); and

(iii) ensure that personnel and facility costs associated with the functions to be carried out under this 

paragraph do not exceed agency averages for comparable personnel and facility costs.

(B) The Administrator shall also—

(i) complete the review of unreviewed reregistration studies required to support the reregistration eligibility decisions scheduled for completion in accordance with subsection (l)(2); and

(ii) contract for such outside assistance as may be 

necessary for review of required studies, using a generally accepted competitive process for the selection of 

vendors of such assistance.

(3) REVIEW OF INERT INGREDIENTS; EXPEDITED PROCESSING 

OF SIMILAR APPLICATIONS.—

(A) The Administrator shall use for each of the fiscal 

years 2004 through 2006, approximately $3,300,000, and 

for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012, between 1⁄8 and

1

⁄7, of the maintenance fees collected in such fiscal year 4–12

to obtain sufficient personnel and resources—

(i) to review and evaluate new inert ingredients;

and

(ii) to ensure the expedited processing and review

of any application 

that——4–13

(I) proposes the initial or amended registration 

of an end-use pesticide that, if registered as proposed, would be identical or substantially similar 

in composition and labeling to a currently-registered pesticide identified in the application, or 

that would differ in composition and labeling from 

any such currently-registered pesticide only in 

ways that would not significantly increase the risk 

of unreasonable adverse effects on the environment;

(II) proposes an amendment to the registration of a registered pesticide that does not require 

scientific review of data; or

(III) proposes the initial or amended registration of an end use pesticide that, if registered as 

proposed, would be used for a public health pesticide.

4–12 P.L. 107–73 (115 Stat. 686) amended sec. 4(k)(3)(A) by striking ‘‘2001’’ and inserting

‘‘2002’’; and by striking ‘‘

1

⁄7’’ and inserting ‘‘

1

⁄10’’. In an earlier enactment, sec. 501(d)(1) 

of P.L. 104–170 amended sec. 4(k)(3) (7 U.S.C. 136a–1(k)(3)) by striking ‘‘for each of the 

fiscal years 1992, 1993, and 1994, 1⁄7th of the maintenance fees collected, up to 2 million 

each year’’ and inserting ‘‘for each of the fiscal years 1997 through 2001, not more than

1

⁄7 of the maintenance fees collected in such fiscal year’’, without specifying the Act that 

was being amended and without including a $ before ‘‘2 million’’. The earlier amendment 

was executed to this Act, and to strike ‘‘$2 million’’, to effectuate the probable intent of

Congress.

4–13 So in original (as added by sec. 501(e)(2)(C) of division G of P.L. 108–199). Probably 

should be no indent before ‘‘that’’.
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Sec. 4 FIFRA 56

(B) Any amounts made available under subparagraph 

(A) shall be used to obtain sufficient personnel and resources to carry out the activities described in such subparagraph that are in addition to the personnel and resources available to carry out such activities on the date of 

enactment of this section [October 25, 1988].

(C) 4–14 So long as the Administrator has not met the 

time frames specified in clause (ii) of section 3(c)(3)(B) with 

respect to any application subject to section 3(c)(3)(B) that 

was received prior to the date of enactment of the Food 

Quality Protection Act of 1996 [Aug. 3, 1996], the Administrator shall use the full amount of the fees specified in subparagraph (A) for the purposes specified therein. Once all 

applications subject to section 3(c)(3)(B) that were received 

prior to such date of enactment have been acted upon, no 

limitation shall be imposed by the preceding sentence of 

this subparagraph so long as the Administrator meets the 

time frames specified in clause (ii) of section 3(c)(3)(B) on

90 percent of affected applications in a fiscal year. Should 

the Administrator not meet such time frames in a fiscal 

year, the limitations imposed by the first sentence of this 

subparagraph shall apply until all overdue applications 

subject to section 3(c)(3)(B) have been acted upon.

(4) UNUSED FUNDS.—Money in the fund not currently needed to carry out this section shall be—

(A) maintained on hand or on deposit;

(B) invested in obligations of the United States or 

guaranteed thereby; or

(C) invested in obligations, participations, or other instruments that are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust, 

or public funds.

(5) 4–15 ACCOUNTING AND PERFORMANCE.—The Administrator shall take all steps necessary to ensure that expenditures from fees authorized by subsection (i)(5)(C)(ii) are used 

only to carry out the goals established under subsection (l). The 

Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund shall be designated as an Environmental Protection Agency component for 

purposes of section 3515(c) of title 31, United States Code. The 

annual audit required under section 3521 of such title of the financial statements of activities under this Act under section

3515(b) of such title shall include an audit of the fees collected 

under subsection (i)(5)(C) and disbursed, of the amount appropriated to match such fees, and of the Administrator’s attainment of performance measures and goals established under 

subsection (l). Such an audit shall also include a review of the 

reasonableness of the overhead allocation and adequacy of disclosures of direct and indirect costs associated with carrying 

out the reregistration and expedited processing of the applications specified in paragraph (3), and the basis for and accuracy 

of all costs paid with moneys derived from such fees. The Inspector General shall conduct the annual audit and report the

4–14 Sec. 501(d)(2) of P.L. 104–170 added subpara. (C) to sec. 4(k)(3) (7 U.S.C. 136a–

1(k)(3)), without specifying the Act that was being amended. The amendment was executed to this Act to effectuate the probable intent of Congress.

4–15 Sec. 501(e) of P.L. 104–170 amended sec. 4(k)(5) (7 U.S.C. 136a–1(k)(5)) to read as 

provided above, without specifying the Act that was being amended. The amendment was 

executed to this Act to effectuate the probable intent of Congress.
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57 FIFRA Sec. 4

findings and recommendations of such audit to the Administrator and to the Committees on Agriculture of the House of 

Representatives and the Senate. The cost of such audit shall be 

paid for out of the fees collected under subsection (i)(5)(C).

(l) 4–16 PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND GOAL.—The Administrator 

shall establish and publish annually in the Federal Register performance measures and goals. Such measures and goals shall 

include—

(1) the number of products reregistered, canceled, or 

amended, the status of reregistration, the number and type of 

data requests under section 3(c)(2)(B) issued to support product 

reregistration by active ingredient, the progress in reducing the 

number of unreviewed, required reregistration studies, the aggregate status of tolerances reassessed, and the number of applications for registration submitted under subsection (k)(3) 

that were approved or disapproved;

(2) the future schedule for reregistrations, including the 

projection for such schedules that will be issued under subsection (g)(2)(A) and (B) in the current fiscal year and the succeeding fiscal year; and

(3) the projected year of completion of the reregistrations 

under this section.

(m) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Any failure of the Administrator to 

take any action required by this section shall be subject to judicial 

review under the procedures prescribed by section 16(b).

(n) AUTHORIZATION OF FUNDS TO DEVELOP PUBLIC HEALTH

DATA.—

(1) DEFINITION.—For the purposes of this section, ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Health and Human Services, 

acting through the Public Health Service.

(2) CONSULTATION.—In the case of a pesticide registered for 

use in public health programs for vector control or for other 

uses the Administrator determines to be human health protection uses, the Administrator shall, upon timely request by the 

registrant or any other interested person, or on the Administrator’s own initiative may, consult with the Secretary prior to 

taking final action to suspend registration under section

3(c)(2)(B)(iv), or cancel a registration under section 4, 6(e), or

6(f). In consultation with the Secretary, the Administrator shall 

prescribe the form and content of requests under this section. 

(3) BENEFITS TO SUPPORT FAMILY.—The Administrator,

after consulting with the Secretary, shall make a determination

whether the potential benefits of continued use of the pesticide 

for public health or health protection purposes are of such significance as to warrant a commitment by the Secretary to conduct or to arrange for the conduct of the studies required by the 

Administrator to support continued registration under section

3 or reregistration under section 4.

(4) ADDITIONAL TIME.—If the Administrator determines 

that such a commitment is warranted and in the public interest, the Administrator shall notify the Secretary and shall, to 

the extent necessary, amend a notice issued under section

4–16 Sec. 501(f) of P.L. 104–170 amended sec. 4 (7 U.S.C. 136a–1) by redesignating subsecs. (l) and (m) as subsecs. (m) and (n), respectively, and inserting a new subsec. (l), without specifying the Act that was being amended. The amendments were executed to this 

Act to effectuate the probable intent of Congress.
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Sec. 5 FIFRA 58

3(c)(2)(B) to specify additional reasonable time periods for submission of the data.

(5) ARRANGEMENTS.—The Secretary shall make such arrangements for the conduct of required studies as the Secretary 

finds necessary and appropriate to permit submission of data 

in accordance with the time periods prescribed by the Administrator. Such arrangements may include Public Health Service 

intramural research activities, grants, contracts, or cooperative 

agreements with academic, public health, or other organizations qualified by experience and training to conduct such studies.

(6) SUPPORT.—The Secretary may provide for support of 

the required studies using funds authorized to be appropriated 

under this section, the Public Health Service Act, or other appropriate authorities. After a determination is made under subsection (d), the Secretary shall notify the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate of the 

sums required to conduct the necessary studies.

(7) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this section

$12,000,000 for fiscal year 1997, and such sums as may be necessary for succeeding fiscal years.

SEC. 5. ø7 U.S.C. 136c¿ EXPERIMENTALUSE PERMITS.

(a) ISSUANCE.—Any person may apply to the Administrator for 

an experimental use permit for a pesticide. The Administrator shall 

review the application. After completion of the review, but not later 

than one hundred and twenty days after receipt of the application 

and all required supporting data, the Administrator shall either 

issue the permit or notify the applicant of the Administrator’s determination not to issue the permit and the reasons therefor. The 

applicant may correct the application or request a waiver of the 

conditions for such permit within thirty days of receipt by the applicant of such notification. The Administrator may issue an experimental use permit only if the Administrator determines that the 

applicant needs such permit in order to accumulate information 

necessary to register a pesticide under section 3 of this Act. An application for an experimental use permit may be filed at any time. 

(b) TEMPORARY TOLERANCE LEVEL.—If the Administrator determines that the use of a pesticide may reasonably be expected to result in any residue on or in food or feed, the Administrator may establish a temporary tolerance level for the residue of the pesticide

before issuing the experimental use permit.

(c) USE UNDER PERMIT.—Use of a pesticide under an experimental use permit shall be under the supervision of the Administrator, and shall be subject to such terms and conditions and be for 

such period of time as the Administrator may prescribe in the permit.

(d) STUDIES.—When any experimental use permit is issued for 

a pesticide containing any chemical or combination of chemicals 

which has not been included in any previously registered pesticide, 

the Administrator may specify that studies be conducted to detect 

whether the use of the pesticide under the permit may cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment. All results of such studies shall be reported to the Administrator before such pesticide may 

be registered under section 3.
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59 FIFRA Sec. 6

(e) REVOCATION.—The Administrator may revoke any experimental use permit, at any time, if the Administrator finds that its 

terms or conditions are being violated, or that its terms and conditions are inadequate to avoid unreasonable adverse effects on the 

environment.

(f) STATE ISSUANCE OF PERMITS.—Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, the Administrator shall, under such 

terms and conditions as the Administrator may by regulations prescribe, authorize any State to issue an experimental use permit for 

a pesticide. All provisions of section 11 relating to State plans shall 

apply with equal force to a State plan for the issuance of experimental use permits under this section.

(g) EXEMPTION FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGENCIES.—Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, the Administrator may issue an experimental use permit for a pesticide to any 

public or private agricultural research agency or educational institution which applies for such permit. Each permit shall not exceed 

more than a one-year period or such other specific time as the Administrator may prescribe. Such permit shall be issued under such 

terms and conditions restricting the use of the pesticide as the Administrator may require. Such pesticide may be used only by such 

research agency or educational institution for purposes of experimentation.

SEC. 6. ø7 U.S.C. 136d¿ ADMINISTRATIVEREVIEW; SUSPENSION.

(a) EXISTING STOCKS AND INFORMATION.— 6–1

(1) EXISTING STOCKS.—The Administrator may permit the 

continued sale and use of existing stocks of a pesticide whose 

registration is suspended or canceled under this section, or section 3 or 4, to such extent, under such conditions, and for such 

uses as the Administrator determines that such sale or use is 

not inconsistent with the purposes of this Act.

(2) INFORMATION.—If at any time after the registration of 

a pesticide the registrant has additional factual information regarding unreasonable adverse effects on the environment of the 

pesticide, the registrant shall submit such information to the 

Administrator.

(b) CANCELLATION AND CHANGE IN CLASSIFICATION.—If it appears to the Administrator that a pesticide or its labeling or other 

material required to be submitted does not comply with the provisions of this Act or, when used in accordance with widespread and 

commonly recognized practice, generally causes unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, the Administrator may issue a notice of the Administrator’sintent either—

(1) to cancel its registration or to change its classification 

together with the reasons (including the factual basis) for the 

Administrator’s action, or

(2) to hold a hearing to determine whether or not its registration should be canceled or its classification changed.

Such notice shall be sent to the registrant and made public. In determining whether to issue any such notice, the Administrator shall 

include among those factors to be taken into account the impact of 

the action proposed in such notice on production and prices of agricultural commodities,retail food prices, and otherwise on the agri6–1 Sec. 106(a)(1) of P.L. 104–170 amended subsec. (a) by striking the heading and inserting ‘‘(a) EXISTING STOCKS AND INFORMATION.—’’. The second subsec. designation for

‘‘(a)’’ was omitted to effectuate the probable intent of Congress.
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Sec. 6 FIFRA 60

cultural economy. At least 60 days prior to sending such notice to

the registrant or making public such notice, whichever occurs first, 

the Administrator shall provide the Secretary of Agriculture with a 

copy of such notice and an analysis of such impact on the agricultural economy. If the Secretary comments in writing to the Administrator regarding the notice and analysis within 30 days after receiving them, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register (with the notice) the comments of the Secretary and the response of the Administrator with regard to the Secretary’s comments. If the Secretary does not comment in writing to the Administrator regarding the notice and analysis within 30 days after receiving them, the Administrator may notify the registrant and 

make public the notice at any time after such 30-day period notwithstanding the foregoing 60-day time requirement. The time requirements imposed by the preceding 3 sentences may be waived or 

modified to the extent agreed upon by the Administrator and the 

Secretary. Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection 

(b) and section 25(d), in the event that the Administrator determines that suspension of a pesticide registration is necessary to 

prevent an imminent hazard to human health, then upon such a 

finding the Administrator may waive the requirement of notice to 

and consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to subsection (b) and of submission to the Scientific Advisory Panel pursuant to section 25(d) and proceed in accordance with subsection (c). 

When a public health use is affected, the Secretary of Health and 

Human Services should provide available benefits and use information, or an analysis thereof, in accordance with the procedures followed and subject to the same conditions as the Secretary of Agriculture in the case of agricultural pesticides. The proposed action 

shall become final and effective at the end of 30 days from receipt 

by the registrant, or publication, of a notice issued under paragraph 

(1), whichever occurs later, unless within that time either (i) the 

registrant makes the necessary corrections, if possible, or (ii) a request for a hearing is made by a person adversely affected by the 

notice. In the event a hearing is held pursuant to such a request 

or to the Administrator’s determination under paragraph (2), a decision pertaining to registration or classification issued after completion of such hearing shall be final. In taking any final action under 

this subsection, the Administrator shall consider restricting a pesticide’s use or uses as an alternative to cancellation and shall fully 

explain the reasons for these restrictions, and shall include among 

those factors to be taken into account the impact of such final action on production and prices of agricultural commodities, retail 

food prices, and otherwise on the agricultural economy, and the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register an analysis of 

such impact.

(c) SUSPENSION.—

(1) ORDER.—If the Administrator determines that action is 

necessary to prevent an imminent hazard during the time required for cancellation or change in classification proceedings, 

the Administrator may, by order, suspend the registration of 

the pesticide immediately. Except as provided in paragraph (3), 

no order of suspension may be issued under this subsection unless the Administrator has issued, or at the same time issues, 

a notice of intention to cancel the registration or change the 

classification of the pesticide under subsection (b). Except as
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61 FIFRA Sec. 6

provided in paragraph (3), the Administrator shall notify the

registrant prior to issuing any suspension order. Such notice 

shall include findings pertaining to the question of ‘‘imminent 

hazard’’. The registrant shall then have an opportunity, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (2), for an expedited 

hearing before the Administrator on the question of whether an 

imminent hazard exists.

(2) EXPEDITE HEARING.—If no request for a hearing is submitted to the Administrator within five days of the registrant’s 

receipt of the notification provided for by paragraph (1), the 

suspension order may be issued and shall take effect and shall 

not be reviewable by a court. If a hearing is requested, it shall 

commence within five days of the receipt of the request for such 

hearing unless the registrant and the Administrator agree that 

it shall commence at a later time. The hearing shall be held in 

accordance with the provisions of subchapter II of title 5 of the 

United States Code, except that the presiding officer need not 

be a certified hearing examiner. The presiding officer shall 

have ten days from the conclusion of the presentation of evidence to submit recommended findings and conclusions to the 

Administrator, who shall then have seven days to render a 

final order on the issue of suspension.

(3) EMERGENCY ORDER.—Whenever the Administrator determinesthat an emergency exists that does not permit the Administrator to hold a hearing before suspending, the Administrator may issue a suspension order in advance of notification 

to the registrant. The Administrator may issue an emergency 

order under this paragraph before issuing a notice of intention 

to cancel the registration or change the classification of the pesticide under subsection (b) and the Administrator shall proceed 

to issue the notice under subsection (b) within 90 days of 

issuing an emergency order. If the Administrator does not issue 

a notice under subsection (b) within 90 days of issuing an emergency order, the emergency order shall expire. In the case of an 

emergency order, paragraph (2) shall apply except that (A) the 

order of suspension shall be in effect pending the expeditious 

completion of the remedies provided by that paragraph and the 

issuance of a final order on suspension, and (B) no party other 

than the registrant and the Administrator shall participate except that any person adversely affected may file briefs within 

the time allotted by the Administrator’s rules. Any person so 

filing briefs shall be considered a party to such proceeding for 

the purposes of section 16(b).

(4) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—A final order on the question of suspension following a hearing shall be reviewable in accordance 

with Section 16 of this Act, notwithstanding the fact that any 

related cancellation proceedings have not been completed. Any 

order of suspension entered prior to a hearing before the Administrator shall be subject to immediate review in an action 

by the registrant or other interested person with the concurrence of the registrant in an appropriate district court, solely 

to determine whether the order of suspension was arbitrary, capricious or an abuse of discretion, or whether the order was 

issued in accordance with the procedures established by law. 

The effect of any order of the court will be only to stay the effectiveness of the suspension order, pending the Administra-
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Sec. 6 FIFRA 62

tor’s final decision with respect to cancellation or change in 

classification. This action may be maintained simultaneously 

with any administrative review proceeding under this section. 

The commencement of proceedings under this paragraph shall 

not operate as a stay of order, unless ordered by the court.

(d) PUBLIC HEARINGS AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEW.—In the event a 

hearing is requested pursuant to subsection (b) or determined upon 

by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (b), such hearing shall 

be held after due notice for the purpose of receiving evidence relevant and material to the issues raised by the objections filed by 

the applicant or other interested parties, or to the issues stated by 

the Administrator, if the hearing is called by the Administrator 

rather than by the filing of objections. Upon a showing of relevance 

and reasonable scope of evidence sought by any party to a public 

hearing, the Hearing Examiner shall issue a subpena to compel testimony or production of documents from any person. The Hearing 

Examiner shall be guided by the principles of the Federal Rules of 

Civil Procedure in making any order for the protection of the witness or the content of documents produced and shall order the payment of reasonable fees and expenses as a condition to requiring 

testimony of the witness. On contest, the subpena may be enforced 

by an appropriate United States district court in accordance with 

the principles stated herein. Upon the request of any party to a 

public hearing and when in the Hearing Examiner’s judgment it is 

necessary or desirable, the Hearing Examiner shall at any time before the hearing record is closed refer to a Committee of the National Academy of Sciences the relevant questions of scientific fact 

involved in the public hearing. No member of any committee of the 

National Academy of Sciences established to carry out the functions 

of this section shall have a financial or other conflict of interest 

with respect to any matter considered by such committee. The Committee of the National Academy of Sciences shall report in writing 

to the Hearing Examiner within 60 days after such referral on 

these questions of scientific fact. The report shall be made public 

and shall be considered as part of the hearing record. The Administrator shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the National 

Academy of Sciences to assure an objective and competent scientific 

review of the questions presented to Committees of the Academy 

and to provide such other scientific advisory services as may be required by the Administrator for carrying out the purposes of this 

Act. As soon as practicable after completion of the hearing (including the report of the Academy) but not later than 90 days thereafter, the Administrator shall evaluate the data and reports before 

the Administrator and issue an order either revoking the Administrator’s notice of intention issued pursuant to this section, or shall 

issue an order either canceling the registration, changing the classification, denying the registration, or requiring modification of the 

labeling or packaging of the article. Such order shall be based only 

on substantial evidence of record of such hearing and shall set forth 

detailed findings of fact upon which the order is based.

(e) CONDITIONAL REGISTRATION.—

(1) The Administrator shall issue a notice of intent to cancel a registration issued under section 3(c)(7) of this Act if (A) 

the Administrator, at any time during the period provided for 

satisfaction of any condition imposed, determines that the registrant has failed to initiate and pursue appropriate action to-
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63 FIFRA Sec. 6

ward fulfilling any condition imposed, or (B) at the end of the 

period provided for satisfaction of any condition imposed, that 

condition has not been met. The Administrator may permit the 

continued sale and use of existing stocks of a pesticide whose 

conditional registration has been canceled under this subsection to such extent, under such conditions, and for such uses 

as the Administrator may specify if the Administrator determines that such sale or use is not inconsistent with the purposes of this Act and will not have unreasonable adverse effects 

on the environment.

(2) A cancellation proposed under this subsection shall become final and effective at the end of thirty days from receipt 

by the registrant of the notice of intent to cancel unless during 

that time a request for hearing is made by a person adversely 

affected by the notice. If a hearing is requested, a hearing shall 

be conducted under subsection (d) of this section. The only matters for resolution at that hearing shall be whether the registrant has initiated and pursued appropriate action to comply 

with the condition or conditions within the time provided or 

whether the condition or conditions have been satisfied within 

the time provided, and whether the Administrator’s determination with respect to the disposition of existing stocks is consistent with this Act. A decision after completion of such hearing shall be final. Notwithstanding any other provision of this 

section, a hearing shall be held and a determination made 

within seventy-five days after receipt of a request for such 

hearing.

(f) GENERAL PROVISIONS.—

(1) VOLUNTARY CANCELLATION.—

(A) A registrant may, at any time, request that a pesticide registration of the registrant be canceled or amended 

to terminate one or more pesticide uses.

(B) Before acting on a request under subparagraph (A), 

the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a 

notice of the receipt of the request and provide for a 30-day 

period in which the public may comment.

(C) In the case of a pesticide that is registered for a 

minor agricultural use, if the Administrator determines 

that the cancellation or termination of uses would adversely affect the availability of the pesticide for use, the 

Administrator—

(i) shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of 

the receipt of the request and make reasonable efforts 

to inform persons who so use the pesticide of the request; and

(ii) may not approve or reject the request until the 

termination of the 180-day period beginning on the 

date of publication of the notice in the Federal Register, except that the Administrator may waive the

180-day period upon the request of the registrant or if 

the Administrator determines that the continued use 

of the pesticide would pose an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment.

(D) Subject to paragraph (3)(B), after complying with 

this paragraph, the Administrator may approve or deny the 

request.
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Sec. 6 FIFRA 64

(2) PUBLICATION OF NOTICE.—A notice of denial of registration, intent to cancel, suspension, or intent to suspend issued 

under this Act or a notice issued under subsection (c)(4) or 

(d)(5)(A) of section 4 shall be published in the Federal Register 

and shall be sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, to 

the registrant’s or applicant’s address of record on file with the 

Administrator. If the mailed notice is returned to the Administrator as undeliverable at that address, if delivery is refused, 

or if the Administrator otherwise is unable to accomplish delivery of the notice to the registrant or applicant after making 

reasonable efforts to do so, the notice shall be deemed to have 

been received by the registrant or applicant on the date the notice was published in the Federal Register.

(3) TRANSFER OF REGISTRATION OF PESTICIDES REGISTERED 

FOR MINOR AGRICULTURAL USES.—In the case of a pesticide that 

is registered for a minor agricultural use:

(A) During the 180-day period referred to in paragraph 

(1)(C)(ii), the registrant of the pesticide may notify the Administrator of an agreement between the registrant and a 

person or persons (including persons who so use the pesticide) to transfer the registration of the pesticide, in lieu 

of canceling or amending the registration to terminate the 

use.

(B) An application for transfer of registration, in conformance with any regulations the Administrator may 

adopt with respect to the transfer of the pesticide registrations, must be submitted to the Administrator within 30 

days of the date of notification provided pursuant to subparagraph (A). If such an application is submitted, the Administrator shall approve the transfer and shall not approve the request for voluntary cancellation or amendment 

to terminate use unless the Administrator determines that 

the continued use of the pesticide would cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment.

(C) If the Administrator approves the transfer and the 

registrant transfers the registration of the pesticide, the 

Administrator shall not cancel or amend the registration to 

delete the use or rescind the transfer of the registration, 

during the 180-day period beginning on the date of the approval of the transfer unless the Administrator determines 

that the continued use of the pesticide would cause an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment.

(D) The new registrant of the pesticide shall assume 

the outstanding data and other requirements for the pesticide that are pending at the time of the transfer.

(4) UTILIZATION OF DATA FOR VOLUNTARILY CANCELED PESTICIDE.—When an application is filed with the Administrator 

for the registration of a pesticide for a minor use and another 

registrant subsequently voluntarily cancels its registration for 

an identical or substantially similar pesticide for an identical or 

substantially similar use, the Administrator shall process, review, and evaluate the pending application as if the voluntary 

cancellation had not yet taken place except that the Administrator shall not take such action if the Administrator determines that such minor use may cause an unreasonable adverse 

effect on the environment. In order to rely on this subsection,
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65 FIFRA Sec. 7

the applicant must certify that it agrees to satisfy any outstanding data requirements necessary to support the reregistration of the pesticide in accordance with the data submission schedule established by the Administrator.

(g) NOTICE FOR STORED PESTICIDES WITH CANCELED OR SUSPENDED REGISTRATIONS.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Any producer or exporter of pesticides,

registrant of a pesticide, applicant for registration of a pesticide, applicant for or holder of an experimental use permit,

commercial applicator, or any person who distributes or sells

any pesticide, who possesses any pesticide which has had its

registration canceled or suspended under this section shall notify the Administrator and appropriate State and local officials

of—

(A) such possession,

(B) the quantity of such pesticide such person possesses, and

(C) the place at which such pesticide is stored.

(2) COPIES.—The Administrator shall transmit a copy of

each notice submitted under this subsection to the regional office of the Environmental Protection Agency which has jurisdiction over the place of pesticide storage identified in the notice.

(h) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Final orders of the Administrator under

this section shall be subject to judicial review pursuant to section

16.

SEC. 7. ø7 U.S.C. 136e¿ REGISTRATIONOF ESTABLISHMENTS.

(a) REQUIREMENT.—No person shall produce any pesticide subject to this Act or active ingredient used in producing a pesticide 

subject to this Act in any State unless the establishment in which 

it is produced is registered with the Administrator. The application 

for registration of any establishment shall include the name and 

address of the establishment and of the producer who operates such 

establishment.

(b) REGISTRATION.—Whenever the Administrator receives an 

application under subsection (a), the Administrator shall register 

the establishment and assign it an establishment number.

(c) INFORMATION REQUIRED.—

(1) Any producer operating an establishment registered

under this section shall inform the Administrator within 30

days after it is registered of the types and amounts of pesticides and, if applicable, active ingredients used in producing

pesticides—

(A) which the producer is currently producing;

(B) which the producer has produced during the past

year; and

(C) which the producer has sold or distributed during

the past year.

The information required by this paragraph shall be kept current and submitted to the Administrator annually as required

under such regulations as the Administrator may prescribe.

(2) Any such producer shall, upon the request of the Administrator for the purpose of issuing a stop sale order pursuant to section 13, inform the Administrator of the name and address of any recipient of any pesticide produced in any registered establishment which the producer operates.
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Sec. 8 FIFRA 66

(d) CONFIDENTIAL RECORDS AND INFORMATION.—Any information submitted to the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c) 

other than the names of the pesticides or active ingredients used 

in producing pesticides produced, sold, or distributed at an establishment shall be considered confidential and shall be subject to the 

provisions of section 10.

SEC. 8. ø7 U.S.C. 136f¿ BOOKS AND RECORDS.

(a) REQUIREMENTS.—The Administrator may prescribe regulations requiring producers, registrants, and applicants for registration to maintain such records with respect to their operations and 

the pesticides and devices produced as the Administrator determines are necessary for the effective enforcement of this Act and to 

make the records available for inspection and copying in the same 

manner as provided in subsection (b). No records required under 

this subsection shall extend to financial data, sales data other than 

shipment data, pricing data, personnel data, and research data 

(other than data relating to registered pesticides or to a pesticide 

for which an application for registration has been filed).

(b) INSPECTION.—For the purposes of enforcing the provisions of 

this Act, any producer, distributor, carrier, dealer, or any other person who sells or offers for sale, delivers or offers for delivery any 

pesticide or device subject to this Act, shall, upon request of any officer or employee of the Environmental Protection Agency or of any 

State or political subdivision, duly designated by the Administrator, 

furnish or permit such person at all reasonable times to have access 

to, and to copy: (1) all records showing the delivery, movement, or 

holding of such pesticide or device, including the quantity, the date 

of shipment and receipt, and the name of the consignor and consignee; or (2) in the event of the inability of any person to produce 

records containing such information, all other records and information relating to such delivery, movement, or holding of the pesticide 

or device. Any inspection with respect to any records and information referred to in this subsection shall not extend to financial data, 

sales data other than shipment data, pricing data, personnel data, 

and research data (other than data relating to registered pesticides 

or to a pesticide for which an application for registration has been 

filed). Before undertaking an inspection under this subsection, the 

officer or employee must present to the owner, operator, or agent 

in charge of the establishment or other place where pesticides or 

devices are held for distribution or sale, appropriate credentials and 

a written statement as to the reason for the inspection, including 

a statement as to whether a violation of the law is suspected. If no 

violation is suspected, an alternate and sufficient reason shall be 

given in writing. Each such inspection shall be commenced and 

completedwith reasonable promptness.

SEC. 9. ø7 U.S.C. 136g¿ INSPECTION OF ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC.

(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) For purposes of enforcing the provisions 

of this Act, officers or employees of the Environmental Protection 

Agency or of any State duly designated by the Administrator are 

authorized to enter at reasonable times (A) any establishment or 

other place where pesticides or devices are held for distribution or 

sale for the purpose of inspecting and obtaining samples of any pesticides or devices, packaged, labeled, and released for shipment, and 

samples of any containers or labeling for such pesticides or devices, 

or (B) any place where there is being held any pesticide the reg-
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67 FIFRA Sec. 9

istration of which has been suspended or canceled for the purpose

of determining compliance with section 19.

(2) Before undertaking such inspection, the officers or employees must present to the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the

establishment or other place where pesticides or devices are held

for distribution or sale, appropriate credentials and a written statement as to the reason for the inspection, including a statement as

to whether a violation of the law is suspected. If no violation is suspected, an alternate and sufficient reason shall be given in writing.

Each such inspection shall be commenced and completed with reasonable promptness. If the officer or employee obtains any samples,

prior to leaving the premises, the officer or employee shall give to

the owner, operator, or agent in charge a receipt describing the

samples obtained and, if requested, a portion of each such sample

equal in volume or weight to the portion retained. If an analysis is

made of such samples, a copy of the results of such analysis shall

be furnished promptly to the owner, operator, or agent in charge.

(b) WARRANTS.—For purposes of enforcing the provisions of this

Act and upon a showing to an officer or court of competent jurisdiction that there is reason to believe that the provisions of this Act

have been violated, officers or employees duly designated by the Administrator are empowered to obtain and to execute warrants

authorizing—

(1) entry, inspection, and copying of records for purposes of

this section or section 8;

(2) inspection and reproduction of all records showing the

quantity, date of shipment, and the name of consignor and consignee of any pesticide or device found in the establishment

which is adulterated, misbranded, not registered (in the case of

a pesticide) or otherwise in violation of this Act and in the

event of the inability of any person to produce records containing such information, all other records and information relating to such delivery, movement, or holding of the pesticide

or device; and

(3) the seizure of any pesticide or device which is in violation of this Act.

(c) ENFORCEMENT.—

(1) CERTIFICATION OF FACTS TO ATTORNEY GENERAL.—The

examination of pesticides or devices shall be made in the Environmental Protection Agency or elsewhere as the Administrator

may designate for the purpose of determining from such examinations whether they comply with the requirements of this Act.

If it shall appear from any such examination that they fail to

comply with the requirements of this Act, the Administrator

shall cause notice to be given to the person against whom

criminal or civil proceedings are contemplated. Any person so

notified shall be given an opportunity to present the person’s

views, either orally or in writing, with regard to such contemplated proceedings, and if in the opinion of the Administrator it appears that the provisions of this Act have been violated by such person, then the Administratorshall certify the

facts to the Attorney General, with a copy of the results of the

analysis or the examination of such pesticide for the institution

of a criminal proceeding pursuant to section 14(b) or a civil proceeding under section 14(a), when the Administrator deter-
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Sec. 10 FIFRA 68

mines that such action will be sufficient to effectuate the purposes of this Act.

(2) NOTICE NOT REQUIRED.—The notice of contemplated

proceedings and opportunity to present views set forth in this

subsection are not prerequisites to the institution of any proceeding by the Attorney General.

(3) WARNING NOTICES.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed as requiring the Administrator to institute proceedings

for prosecution of minor violations of this Act whenever the Administrator believesthat the public interest will be adequately

served by a suitable written notice of warning.

SEC. 10. ø7 U.S.C. 136h¿ PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS AND 

OTHER INFORMATION.

(a) IN GENERAL.—In submitting data required by this Act, the 

applicant may (1) clearly mark any portions thereof which in the 

applicant’s opinion are trade secrets or commercial or financial information and (2) submit such marked material separately from 

other material required to be submitted under this Act.

(b) DISCLOSURE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this 

Act and subject to the limitations in subsections (d) and (e) of this 

section, the Administrator shall not make public information which 

in the Administrator’s judgment contains or relates to trade secrets 

or commercial or financial information obtained from a person and 

privileged or confidential, except that, when necessary to carry out 

the provisions of this Act, information relating to formulas of products acquired by authorization of this Act may be revealed to any 

Federal agency consulted and may be revealed at a public hearing 

or in findings of fact issued by the Administrator.

(c) DISPUTES.—If the Administrator proposes to release for inspection information which the applicant or registrant believes to 

be protected from disclosure under subsection (b), the Administrator shall notify the applicant or registrant, in writing, by certified mail. The Administrator shall not thereafter make available 

for inspection such data until thirty days after receipt of the notice 

by the applicant or registrant. During this period, the applicant or 

registrant may institute an action in an appropriate district court 

for a declaratory judgment as to whether such information is subject to protection under subsection (b).

(d) LIMITATIONS.—

(1) All information concerning the objectives, methodology,

results, or significance of any test or experiment performed on

or with a registered or previously registered pesticide or its

separate ingredients, impurities, or degradation products, and

any information concerning the effects of such pesticide on any

organism or the behavior of such pesticide in the environment,

including, but not limited to, data on safety to fish and wildlife,

humans and other mammals, plants, animals, and soil, and

studies on persistence, translocation and fate in the environment, and metabolism, shall be available for disclosure to the

public. The use of such data for any registration purpose shall

be governed by section 3 of this Act. This paragraph does not

authorize the disclosure of any information that—

(A) discloses manufacturing or quality control processes,
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69 FIFRA Sec. 10

(B) discloses the details of any methods for testing, detecting, or measuring the quantity of any deliberately 

added inert ingredient of a pesticide, or

(C) discloses the identity or percentage quantity of any 

deliberately added inert ingredient of a pesticide,

unless the Administrator has first determined that disclosure is 

necessary to protect against an unreasonable risk of injury to 

health or the environment.

(2) Information concerning production, distribution, sale, or 

inventories of a pesticide that is otherwise entitled to confidential treatment under subsection (b) of this section may be publicly disclosed in connection with a public proceeding to determine whether a pesticide, or any ingredient of a pesticide, 

causes unreasonable adverse effects on health or the environment, if the Administrator determines that such disclosure is 

necessary in the public interest.

(3) If the Administrator proposes to disclose information 

described in clause (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) or in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the Administrator shall notify by

certified mail the submitter of such information of the intent to

release such information. The Administrator may not release

such information, without the submitter’s consent, until thirty

days after the submitter has been furnished such notice. Where

the Administrator finds that disclosure of information described

in clause (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) of this subsection is

necessary to avoid or lessen an imminent and substantial risk

of injury to the public health, the Administrator may set such

shorter period of notice (but not less than ten days) and such

method of notice as the Administrator finds appropriate. During such period the data submitter may institute an action in

an appropriate district court to enjoin or limit the proposed disclosure. The court may enjoin disclosure, or limit the disclosure

or the parties to whom disclosure shall be made, to the extent

that—

(A) in the case of information described in clause (A), 

(B), or (C) of paragraph (1) of this subsection, the proposed 

disclosure is not required to protect against an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment; or

(B) in the case of information described in paragraph 

(2) of this subsection, the public interest in availability of 

the information in the public proceeding does not outweigh 

the interests in preserving the confidentiality of the information.

(e) DISCLOSURE TO CONTRACTORS.—Information otherwise protected from disclosure to the public under subsection (b) of this section may be disclosed to contractors with the United States and employees of such contractors if, in the opinion of the Administrator, 

such disclosure is necessary for the satisfactory performance by the 

contractor of a contract with the United States for the performance 

of work in connection with this Act and under such conditions as 

the Administrator may specify. The Administrator shall require as 

a condition to the disclosure of information under this subsection 

that the person receiving it take such security precautions respecting the information as the Administrator shall by regulation prescribe.
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Sec. 11 FIFRA 70

(f) PENALTY FOR DISCLOSURE BY FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.—(1) Any 

office or employee of the United States or former officer or employee 

of the United States who, by virtue of such employment or official 

position, has obtained possession of, or has access to, material the 

disclosure of which is prohibited by subsection (b) of this section, 

and who, knowing that disclosure of such material is prohibited by 

such subsection, willfully discloses the material in any manner to 

any person not entitled to receive it, shall be fined not more than

$10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. Section

1905 of title 18 of the United States Code shall not apply with respect to the publishing, divulging, disclosure, or making known of, 

or making available, information reported or otherwise obtained 

under this Act. Nothing in this Act shall preempt any civil remedy 

under State or Federal law for wrongful disclosure of trade secrets. 

(2) For the purposes of this section, any contractor with the 

United States who is furnished information as authorized by subsection (e) of this section, or any employee of any such contractor,

shall be considered to be an employee of the United States.

(g) DISCLOSURE TO FOREIGN AND MULTINATIONAL PESTICIDE

PRODUCERS.—(1) The Administrator shall not knowingly disclose information submitted by an applicant or registrant under this Act to 

any employee or agent of any business or other entity engaged in 

the production, sale, or distribution of pesticides in countries other 

than the United States or in addition to the United States or to any 

other person who intends to deliver such data to such foreign or 

multinational business or entity unless the applicant or registrant

has consented to such disclosure. The Administrator shall require 

an affirmation from any person who intends to inspect data that 

such person does not seek access to the data for purposes of delivering it or offering it for sale to any such business or entity or its 

agents or employees and will not purposefully deliver or negligently 

cause the data to be delivered to such business or entity or its 

agents or employees. Notwithstanding any other provision of this 

subsection, the Administrator may disclose information to any person in connection with a public proceeding under law or regulation, 

subject to restrictions on the availability of information contained 

elsewhere in this Act, which information is relevant to a determination by the Administrator with respect to whether a pesticide, or 

any ingredient of a pesticide, causes unreasonable adverse effects 

on health or the environment.

(2) The Administrator shall maintain records of the names of 

persons to whom data are disclosed under this subsection and the 

persons or organizations they represent and shall inform the applicant or registrant of the names and affiliations of such persons.

(3) Section 1001 of title 18 of the United States Code shall 

apply to any affirmation made under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

SEC. 11. ø7 U.S.C. 136i¿ USE OF RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES; APPLICATORS.

(a) CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE.—

(1) FEDERAL CERTIFICATION.—In any State for which a 

State plan for applicator certification has not been approved by 

the Administrator, the Administrator, in consultation with the 

Governor of such State, shall conduct a program for the certification of applicators of pesticides. Such program shall conform 

to the requirements imposed upon the States under the provi-
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71 FIFRA Sec. 11

sions of subsection (a)(2) of this section and shall not require 

private applicators to take any examination to establish competency in the use of pesticides. Prior to the implementation of 

the program, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal 

Register for review and comment a summary of the Federal 

plan for applicator certification and shall make generally available within the State copies of the plan. The Administrator 

shall hold public hearings at one or more locations within the 

State if so requested by the Governor of such State during the 

thirty days following publication of the Federal Register notice 

inviting comment on the Federal plan. The hearings shall be 

held within thirty days following receipt of the request from the 

Governor. In any State in which the Administrator conducts a 

certification program, the Administrator may require any person engaging in the commercial application, sale, offering for 

sale, holding for sale, or distribution of any pesticide one or 

more uses of which have been classified for restricted use to 

maintain such records and submit such reports concerning the 

commercial application, sale, or distribution of such pesticide as 

the Administrator may be regulation prescribe. Subject to paragraph (2), the Administrator shall prescribe standards for the 

certification of applicators of pesticides. Such standards shall 

provide that to be certified, an individual must be determined 

to be competent with respect to the use and handling of pesticides, or to the use and handling of the pesticide or class of 

pesticides covered by such individual’s certification. The certification standard for a private applicator shall, under a State 

plan submitted for approval, be deemed fulfilled by the applicator completing a certification form. The Administrator shall 

further assure that such form contains adequate information 

and affirmations to carry out the intent of this Act, and may 

include in the form an affirmation that the private applicator 

has completed a training program approved by the Administrator so long as the program does not require the private applicator to take, pursuant to a requirement prescribed by the 

Administrator, any examination to establish competency in the 

use of the pesticide. The Administrator may require any pesticide dealer participating in a certification program to be licensed under a State licensing program approved by the Administrator.

(2) STATE CERTIFICATION.—If any State, at any time, desires to certify applicators of pesticides, the Governor of such 

State shall submit a State plan for such purpose. The Administrator shall approve the plan submitted by any State, or any 

modification thereof, if such plan in the Administrator’s 

judgment—

(A) designates a State agency as the agency responsible for administering the plan throughout the State;

(B) contains satisfactory assurances that such agency 

has or will have the legal authority and qualified personnel 

necessary to carry out the plan;

(C) gives satisfactory assurances that the State will devote adequate funds to the administration of the plan;

(D) providesthat the State agency will make such reports to the Administrator in such form and containing
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Sec. 12 FIFRA 72

such information as the Administrator may from time to 

time require; and

(E) contains satisfactory assurances that State standards for the certification of applicators of pesticides conform with those standards prescribed by the Administrator 

under paragraph (1).

Any State certification program under this section shall be 

maintained in accordance with the State plan approved under 

this section.

(b) STATE PLANS.—If the Administrator rejects a plan submitted under subsection (a)(2), the Administrator shall afford the 

State submitting the plan due notice and opportunity for hearing 

before so doing. If the Administrator approves a plan submitted 

under subsection (a)(2), then such State shall certify applicators of 

pesticides with respect to such State. Whenever the Administrator 

determines that a State is not administering the certification program in accordance with the plan approved under this section, the 

Administrator shall so notify the State and provide for a hearing 

at the request of the State, and, if appropriate corrective action is 

not taken within a reasonable time, not to exceed ninety days, the 

Administrator shall withdraw approval of such plan.

(c) INSTRUCTION IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES.—Standards prescribed by the Administrator for the certification of applicators of pesticides under subsection (a), and the 

State plans submitted to the Administrator under subsection (a), 

shall include provisions for making instructional materials concerning integrated pest management techniques available to individuals at their request in accordance with the provisions of section

23(c) of this Act, but such plans may not require that any individual receive instruction concerning such techniques or be shown 

to be competent with respect to the use of such techniques. The Administrator and States implementing such plans shall provide that

all interested individuals are notified of the availability of such instructional materials.

(d) IN GENERAL.—No regulations prescribed by the Administrator for carrying out the provisions of this Act shall require any 

private applicator to maintain any records or file any reports or 

other documents.

(e) SEPARATE STANDARDS.—When establishing or approving 

standards for licensing or certification, the Administrator shall establish separate standards for commercial and private applicators.

SEC. 12. ø7 U.S.C. 136j¿ UNLAWFUL ACTS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—

(1) Except as provided by subsection (b), it shall be unlawful for any person in any State to distribute or sell to any 

person—

(A) any pesticide that is not registered under section 3 

or whose registration has been canceled or suspended, except to the extent that distribution or sale otherwise has 

been authorized by the Administrator under this Act;

(B) any registered pesticide if any claims made for it 

as a part of its distribution or sale substantially differ from 

any claims made for it as a part of the statement required 

in connection with its registration under section 3;

(C) any registered pesticide the composition of which 

differs at the time of its distribution or sale from its com-
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73 FIFRA Sec. 12

position as described in the statement required in connection with its registration under section 3;

(D) any pesticide which has not been colored or discolored pursuant to the provisions of section 25(c)(5);

(E) any pesticide which is adulterated or misbranded;

or

(F) any device which is misbranded.

(2) It shall be unlawful for any person—

(A) to detach, alter, deface, or destroy, in whole or in

part, any labeling required under this Act;

(B) to refuse to—

(i) prepare, maintain, or submit any records required by or under section 5, 7, 8, 11, or 19;

(ii) submit any reports required by or under section 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, or 19; or

(iii) allow any entry, inspection, copying of records,

or sampling authorized by this Act;

(C) to give a guaranty or undertaking provided for in

subsection (b) which is false in any particular, except that

a person who receives and relies upon a guaranty authorized under subsection (b) may give a guaranty to the same

effect, which guaranty shall contain, in addition to the person’s own name and address, the name and address of the

person residing in the United States from whom the person

received the guaranty or undertaking;

(D) to use for the person’s own advantage or to reveal,

other than to the Administrator, or officials or employees

of the Environmental Protection Agency or other Federal

executive agencies, or to the courts, or to physicians, pharmacists, and other qualified persons, needing such information for the performance of their duties, in accordance with

such directions as the Administrator may prescribe, any information acquired by authority of this Act which is confidential under this Act;

(E) who is a registrant, wholesaler, dealer, retailer, or

other distributor to advertise a product registered under

this Act for restricted use without giving the classification

of the product assigned to it under section 3;

(F) to distribute or sell, or to make available for use,

or to use, any registered pesticide classified for restricted

use for some or all purposes other than in accordance with

section 3(d) and any regulations thereunder, except that it

shall not be unlawful to sell, under regulations issued by

the Administrator, a restricted use pesticide to a person

who is not a certified applicator for application by a certified applicator;

(G) to use any registered pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling;

(H) to use any pesticide which is under an experimental use permit contrary to the provisions of such permit;

(I) to violate any order issued under section 13;

(J) to violate any suspension order issued under section 3(c)(2)(B), 4, or 6;
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Sec. 12 FIFRA 74

(K) to violate any cancellation order issued under this

Act or to fail to submit a notice in accordance with section

6(g);

(L) who is a producer to violate any of the provisions

of section 7;

(M) to knowingly falsify all or part of any application

for registration, application for experimental use permit,

any information submitted to the Administrator pursuant

to section 7, any records required to be maintained pursuant to this Act, any report filed under this Act, or any information marked as confidential and submitted to the Administrator under any provision of this Act;

(N) who is a registrant, wholesaler, dealer, retailer, or

other distributor to fail to file reports required by this Act;

(O) to add any substance to, or take any substance

from, any pesticide in a manner that may defeat the purpose of this Act;

(P) to use any pesticide in tests on human beings unless such human beings (i) are fully informed of the nature

and purposes of the test and of any physical and mental

health consequences which are reasonably foreseeable

therefrom, and (ii) freely volunteer to participate in the

test;

(Q) to falsify all or part of any information relating to

the testing of any pesticide (or any ingredient, metabolite,

or degradation product thereof), including the nature of

any protocol, procedure, substance, organism, or equipment

used, observation made, or conclusion or opinion formed,

submitted to the Administrator, or that the person knows

will be furnished to the Administrator or will become a

part of any records required to be maintained by this Act;

(R) to submit to the Administrator data known to be

false in support of a registration; or

(S) to violate any regulation issued under section 3(a)

or 19.

(b) EXEMPTIONS.—The penalties provided for a violation of

paragraph (1) of subsection (a) shall not apply to—

(1) any person who establishes a guaranty signed by, and

containing the name and address of, the registrant or person

residing in the United States from whom the person purchased

or received in good faith the pesticide in the same unbroken

package, to the effect that the pesticide was lawfully registered

at the time of sale and delivery to the person, and that it complies with the other requirements of this Act, and in such case

the guarantor shall be subject to the penalties which would otherwise attach to the person holding the guaranty under the

provisions of this Act;

(2) any carrier while lawfully shipping, transporting, or delivering for shipment any pesticide or device, if such carrier

upon request of any officer or employee duly designated by the

Administrator shall permit such officer or employee to copy all

of its records concerning such pesticide or device;

(3) any public official while engaged in the performance of

the official duties of the public official;
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75 FIFRA Sec. 13

it is sold. On payment of the costs of the condemnation proceedings

May 22, 2008

(4) any person using or possessing any pesticide as provided by an experimental use permit in effect with respect to 

such pesticide and such use or possession; or

(5) any person who ships a substance or mixture of substances being put through tests in which the purpose is only to 

determine its value for pesticide purposes or to determine its 

toxicity or other properties and from which the user does not 

expect to receive any benefit in pest control from its use.

SEC. 13. ø7 U.S.C. 136k¿ STOP SALE, USE, REMOVAL, AND SEIZURE.

(a) STOP SALE, ETC., ORDERS.—Whenever any pesticide or device is found by the Administrator in any State and there is reason 

to believe on the basis of inspection or tests that such pesticide or 

device is in violation of any of the provisions of this Act, or that 

such pesticide or device has been or is intended to be distributed 

or sold in violation of any such provisions, or when the registration 

of the pesticide has been canceled by a final order or has been suspended, the Administrator may issue a written or printed ‘‘stop 

sale, use, or removal’’ order to any person who owns, controls, or 

has custody of such pesticide or device, and after receipt of such 

order no person shall sell, use, or remove the pesticide or device described in the order except in accordance with the provisions of the 

order.

(b) SEIZURE.—Any pesticide or device that is being transported 

or, having been transported, remains unsold or in original unbroken 

packages, or that is sold or offered for sale in any State, or that is 

imported from a foreign country, shall be liable to be proceeded 

against in any district court in the district where it is found and 

seized for confiscation by a process in rem for condemnation if—

(1) in the case of a pesticide—

(A) it is adulterated or misbranded;

(B) it is not registered pursuant to the provisions of 

section 3;

(C) its labeling fails to bear the information required 

by this Act;

(D) it is not colored or discolored and such coloring or 

discoloring is required under this Act; or

(E) any of the claims made for it or any of the directions for its use differ in substance from the representations made in connection with its registration;

(2) in the case of a device, it is misbranded; or

(3) in the case of a pesticide or device, when used in accordance with the requirements imposed under this Act and as directed by the labeling, it nevertheless causes unreasonable adverse effects on the environment.

In the case of a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant, used in accordance with the label claims and recommendations, physical or

physiological effects on plants or parts thereof shall not be deemed 

to be injury, when such effects are the purpose for which the plant 

regulator, defoliant, or desiccant was applied.

(c) DISPOSITION AFTER CONDEMNATION.—If the pesticide or device is condemned it shall, after entry of the decree, be disposed of 

by destruction or sale as the court may direct and the proceeds, if 

sold, less the court costs, shall be paid into the Treasury of the 

United States, but the pesticide or device shall not be sold contrary 

to the provisions of this Act or the laws of the jurisdiction in which
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Sec. 14 FIFRA 76

May 22, 2008

and the execution and delivery of a good and sufficient bond conditioned that the pesticide or device shall not be sold or otherwise disposed of contrary to the provisions of the Act or the laws of any jurisdiction in which sold, the court may direct that such pesticide or 

device be delivered to the owner thereof. The proceedings of such 

condemnation cases shall conform, as near as may be to the proceedings in admiralty, except that either party may demand trial 

by jury of any issue of fact joined in any case, and all such proceedings shall be at the suit of and in the name of the United 

States.

(d) COURT COSTS, ETC.—When a decree of condemnation is entered against the pesticide or device, court costs and fees, storage, 

and other proper expenses shall be awarded against the person, if 

any, intervening as claimant of the pesticide or device.

SEC. 14. ø7 U.S.C. 136l¿ PENALTIES.

(a) CIVIL PENALTIES.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Any registrant, commercial applicator, 

wholesaler, dealer, retailer, or other distributor who violates 

any provision of this Act may be assessed a civil penalty by the 

Administrator of not more than $5,000 for each offense.

(2) PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—Any private applicator or other 

person not included in paragraph (1) who violates any provision 

of this Act subsequent to receiving a written warning from the 

Administrator or following a citation for a prior violation, may 

be assessed a civil penalty by the Administrator of not more 

than $1,000 for each offense, except that any applicator not included under paragraph (1) of this subsection who holds or applies registered pesticides, or uses dilutions of registered pesticides, only to provide a service of controlling pests without delivering any unapplied pesticide to any person so served, and 

who violates any provision of this Act may be assessed a civil

penalty by the Administrator of not more than $500 for the

first offense nor more than $1,000 for each subsequent offense. 

(3) HEARING.—No civil penalty shall be assessed unless the 

person charged shall have been given notice and opportunity 

for a hearing on such charge in the county, parish, or incorporated city of the residence of the person charged.

(4) DETERMINATION OF PENALTY.—In determining the 

amount of the penalty, the Administrator shall consider the appropriateness of such penalty to the size of the business of the 

person charged, the effect on the person’s ability to continue in 

business, and the gravity of the violation. Whenever the Administrator finds that the violation occurred despite the exercise of due care or did not cause significant harm to health or 

the environment, the Administrator may issue a warning in 

lieu of assessing a penalty.

(5) REFERENCES TO ATTORNEY GENERAL.—In case of inability to collect such civil penalty or failure of any person to pay 

all, or such portion of such civil penalty as the Administrator 

may determine, the Administrator shall refer the matter to the 

Attorney General, who shall recover such amount by action in 

the appropriate United States district court.

(b) CRIMINAL PENALTIES.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—

(A) Any registrant, applicant for a registration, or producer who knowingly violates any provision of this Act
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77 FIFRA Sec. 15

shall be fined not more than $50,000 or imprisoned for not 

more than 1 year, or both.

(B) Any commercial applicator of a restricted use pesticide, or any other person not described in subparagraph 

(A) who distributes or sells pesticides or devices, who 

knowingly violates any provision of this Act shall be fined 

not more than $25,000 or imprisoned for not more than 1 

year, or both.

(2) PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—Any private applicator or other 

person not included in paragraph (1) who knowingly violates 

any provision of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and 

shall on conviction be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned for not more than 30 days, or both.

(3) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—Any person, who, with 

intent to defraud, uses or reveals information relative to formulas of products acquired under the authority of section 3, 

shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned for not 

more than three years, or both.

(4) ACTS OF OFFICERS, AGENTS, ETC.—When construing and 

enforcing the provisions of this Act, the act, omission, or failure 

of any officer, agent, or other person acting for or employed by 

any person shall in every case be also deemed to be the act, 

omission, or failure of such person as well as that of the person 

employed.

SEC. 15. ø7 U.S.C. 136m¿ INDEMNITIES.

(a) GENERAL INDEMNIFICATION.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, if—

(A) the Administrator notifies a registrant under section 6(c)(1) that the Administrator intends to suspend a

registration or that an emergency order of suspension of a

registration under section 6(c)(3) has been issued;

(B) the registration in question is suspended under

section 6(c), and thereafter is canceled under section 6(b),

6(d), or 6(f); and

(C) any person who owned any quantity of the pesticide immediately before the notice to the registrant under

subparagraph (A) suffered losses by reason of suspension

or cancellation of the registration;

the Administrator shall make an indemnity payment to the

person.

(2) EXCEPTION.—Paragraph (1) shall not apply if the Administrator finds that the person—

(A) had knowledge of facts that, in themselves, would

have shown that the pesticide did not meet the requirements of section 3(c)(5) for registration; and

(B) continued thereafter to produce the pesticide without giving timely notice of such facts to the Administrator.

(3) REPORT.—If the Administrator takes an action under

paragraph (1) that requiresthe payment of indemnification, the

Administrator shall report to the Committee on Agriculture of

the House of Representatives, the Committee on Agriculture,

Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, and the Committees on

Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate

on—
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Sec. 15 FIFRA 78

(A) the action taken that requires the payment of 

indemnification;

(B) the reasons for taking the action;

(C) the estimated cost of the payment; and

(D) a request for the appropriation of funds for the

payment.

(4) APPROPRIATION.—The Administrator may not make a 

payment of indemnification under paragraph (1) unless a specific line item appropriation of funds has been made in advance 

for the payment.

(b) INDEMNIFICATION OF END USERS, DEALERS, AND DISTRIBUTORS.—

(1) END USERS.—If—

(A) the Administrator notifies a registrant under section 6(c)(1) that the Administrator intends to suspend a 

registration or that an emergency order of suspension of a 

registration under section 6(c)(3) has been issued;

(B) the registration in question is suspended under section 6(c), and thereafter is canceled under section 6(b), 6(d), 

or 6(f); and

(C) any person who, immediately before the notice to 

the registrant under subparagraph (A), owned any quantity 

of the pesticide for purposes of applying or using the pesticide as an end user, rather than for purposes of distributing or selling it or further processing it for distribution 

or sale, suffered a loss by reason of the suspension or cancellation of the pesticide;

the person shall be entitled to an indemnity payment under 

this subsection for such quantity of the pesticide.

(2) DEALERS AND DISTRIBUTORS.—

(A) Any registrant, wholesaler, dealer, or other distributor (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as a

‘‘seller’’) of a registered pesticide who distributes or sells 

the pesticide directly to any person not described as an end 

user in paragraph (1)(C) shall, with respect to any quantity 

of the pesticide that such person cannot use or resell as a 

result of the suspension or cancellation of the pesticide, reimburse such person for the cost of first acquiring the pesticide from the seller (other than the cost of transportation, 

if any), unless the seller provided to the person at the time 

of distribution or sale a notice, in writing, that the pesticide is not subject to reimbursement by the seller.

(B) If—

(i) the Administrator notifies a registrant under 

section 6(c)(1) that the Administrator intends to suspend a registration or that an emergency order of suspension of a registration under section 6(c)(3) has been 

issued;

(ii) the registration in question is suspended under

section 6(c), and thereafter is canceled under section

6(b), 6(d), or 6(f);

(iii) any person who, immediately before the notice 

to the registrant under clause (i)—

(I) had not been notified in writing by the seller, as provided under subparagraph (A), that any 

quantity of the pesticide owned by such person is
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79 FIFRA Sec. 15

not subject to reimbursement by the seller in the 

event of suspension or cancellation of the pesticide;

and

(II) owned any quantity of the pesticide for 

purposes of—

(aa) distributing or selling it; or

(bb) further processing it for distribution

or sale directly to an end user;

suffered a loss by reason of the suspension or cancellation of the pesticide; and

(iv) the Administrator determines on the basis of

a claim of loss submitted to the Administrator by the

person,that the seller—

(I) did not provide the notice specified in subparagraph (A) to such person; and

(II) is and will continue to be unable to provide reimbursement to such person, as provided

under subparagraph (A), for the loss referred to in

clause (iii), as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the seller and the seller’s resulting inability to provide such reimbursement;

the person shall be entitled to an indemnity payment

under this subsection for such quantity of the pesticide.

(C) If an indemnity payment is made by the United

States under this paragraph, the United States shall be

subrogated to any right that would otherwise be held

under this paragraph by a seller who is unable to make a

reimbursement in accordance with this paragraph with regard to reimbursements that otherwise would have been

made by the seller.

(3) SOURCE.—Any payment required to be made under

paragraph (1) or (2) shall be made from the appropriation provided under section 1304 of title 31, United States Code.

(4) ADMINISTRATIVE SETTLEMENT.—An administrative settlement of a claim for such indemnity may be made in accordance with the third paragraph of section 2414 of title 28,

United States Code, and shall be regarded as if it were made

under that section for purposes of section 1304 of title 31,

United States Code.

(c) AMOUNT OF PAYMENT.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The amount of an indemnity payment

under subsection (a) or (b) to any person shall be determined

on the basis of the cost of the pesticide owned by the person

(other than the cost of transportation, if any) immediately before the issuance of the notice to the registrant referred to in

subsection (a)(1)(A), (b)(1)(A), or (b)(2)(B)(i), except that in no

event shall an indemnity payment to any person exceed the fair

market value of the pesticide owned by the person immediately

before the issuance of the notice.

(2) SPECIAL RULE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of

this Act, the Administrator may provide a reasonable time for

use or other disposal of the pesticide. In determining the quantity of any pesticide for which indemnity shall be paid under

this section, proper adjustment shall be made for any pesticide

used or otherwise disposed of by the owner.
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Sec. 16 FIFRA 80

SEC. 16. ø7 U.S.C. 136n¿ ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE; JUDICIAL 

REVIEW.

(a) DISTRICT COURT REVIEW.—Except as otherwise provided in 

this Act, the refusal of the Administrator to cancel or suspend a 

registration or to change a classification not following a hearing and 

other final actions of the Administrator not committed to the discretion of the Administrator by law are judicially reviewable by the 

district courts of the United States.

(b) REVIEW BY COURT OF APPEALS.—In the case of actual controversy as to the validity of any order issued by the Administrator 

following a public hearing, any person who will be adversely affected by such order and who had been a party to the proceedings 

may obtain judicial review by filing in the United States court of 

appeals for the circuit wherein such person resides or has a place 

of business, within 60 days after the entry of such order, a petition 

praying that the order be set aside in whole or in part. A copy of

the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court

to the Administrator or any officer designated by the Administrator 

for that purpose, and thereupon the Administrator shall file in the 

court the record of the proceedings on which the Administrator 

based the Administrator’s order, as provided in section 2112 of title

28, United States Code. Upon the filing of such petition the court 

shall have exclusive jurisdiction to affirm or set aside the order 

complained of in whole or in part. The court shall consider all evidence of record. The order of the Administrator shall be sustained 

if it is supported by substantial evidence when considered on the 

record as a whole. The judgment of the court affirming or setting 

aside, in whole or in part, any order under this section shall be 

final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States 

upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of title

28 of the United States Code. The commencement of proceedings 

under this section shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court 

to the contrary, operate as a stay of an order.

(c) JURISDICTION OF DISTRICT COURTS.—The district courts of 

the United States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain violations of, this Act.

(d) NOTICE OF JUDGMENTS.—The Administrator shall, by publication in such manner as the Administrator may prescribe, give notice of all judgments entered in actions instituted under the authority of this Act.

SEC. 17. ø7 U.S.C. 136o¿ IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.

(a) PESTICIDES AND DEVICES INTENDED FOR EXPORT.—Notwithstanding any other provision this Act, no pesticide or device or active ingredient used in producing a pesticide intended solely for export to any foreign country shall be deemed in violation of this 

Act—

(1) when prepared or packed according to the specifications 

or directions of the foreign purchaser, except that producers of 

such pesticides and devices and active ingredients used in producing pesticides shall be subject to sections 2(p), 2(q) (1) (A), 

(C), (D), (E), (G), and (H), 2(q) (2) (A), (B), (C) (i) and (iii), and 

(D), 7, and 8 of this Act; and

(2) in the case of any pesticide other than a pesticide registered under section 3 or sold under section 6(a) (1) of this Act, 

if, prior to export, the foreign purchaser has signed a statement 

acknowledging that the purchaser understands that such pes-
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81 FIFRA Sec. 17

ticide is not registered for use in the United States and cannot 

be sold in the United States under this Act.

A copy of that statement shall be transmitted to an appropriate official of the government of the importing country.

(b) CANCELLATION NOTICES FURNISHED TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.—Whenever a registration, or a cancellation or suspension of 

the registration of a pesticide becomes effective, or ceases to be effective, the Administrator shall transmit through the State Department notification thereof to the governments of other countries and 

to appropriate international agencies. Such notification shall, upon 

request, include all information related to the cancellation or suspension of the registration of the pesticide and information concerning other pesticides that are registered under section 3 of this 

Act and that could be used in lieu of such pesticide.

(c) IMPORTATION OF PESTICIDES AND DEVICES.—The Secretary 

of the Treasury shall notify the Administrator of the arrival of pesticides and devices and shall deliver to the Administrator, upon the 

Administrator’s request, samples of pesticides or devices which are 

being imported into the United States, giving notice to the owner

or consignee, who may appear before the Administrator and have

the right to introduce testimony. If it appears from the examination

of a sample that it is adulterated, or misbranded or otherwise violates the provisions set forth in this Act, or is otherwise injurious

to health or the environment, the pesticide or device may be refused

admission, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall refuse delivery

to the consignee and shall cause the destruction of any pesticide or

device refused delivery which shall not be exported by the consignee

within 90 days from the date of notice of such refusal under such

regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. The

Secretary of the Treasury may deliver to the consignee such pesticide or device pending examination and decision in the matter on

execution of bond for the amount of the full invoice value of such

pesticide or device, together with the duty thereon, and on refusal

to return such pesticide or device for any cause to the custody of

the Secretary of the Treasury, when demanded, for the purpose of

excluding them from the country, or for any other purpose, said

consignee shall forfeit the full amount of said bond. All charges for

storage, cartage, and labor on pesticides or devices which are refused admission or delivery shall be paid by the owner or consignee,

and in default of such payment shall constitute a lien against any

future importation made by such owner or consignee.

(d) COOPERATION IN INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall, in cooperation

with the Department of State and any other appropriate Federal agency, participate and cooperate in any international efforts to develop improved pesticide research and regulations.

(2) DEPARTMENT OF STATE EXPENSES.—Any expenses incurred by an employee of the Environmental Protection Agency

who participates in any international technical, economic, or

policy review board, committee, or other official body that is

meeting in relation to an international treaty shall be paid by

the Department of State.

(e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Administrator, shall prescribe regulations for the enforcement of subsection (c) of this section.
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Sec. 18 FIFRA 82

SEC. 18. ø7 U.S.C. 136p¿ EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES.

The Administrator may, at the Administrator’s discretion, exempt any Federal or State agency from any provision of this Act if 

the Administrator determines that emergency conditions exist 

which require such exemption. The Administrator, in determining 

whether or not such emergency conditions exist, shall consult with 

the Secretary of Agriculture and the Governor of any State concerned if they request such determination.

SEC. 19. ø7 U.S.C. 136q¿ STORAGE, DISPOSAL, TRANSPORTATION, 

AND RECALL.

(a) STORAGE, DISPOSAL, AND TRANSPORTATION.—

(1) DATA REQUIREMENTS AND REGISTRATION OF PESTICIDES.—The Administrator may require under section 3 or 6

that—

(A) the registrant or applicant for registration of a pesticide submit or cite data or information regarding methods 

for the safe storage and disposal of excess quantities of the 

pesticide to support the registration or continued registration of a pesticide;

(B) the labeling of a pesticide contain requirements 

and procedures for the transportation, storage, and disposal of the pesticide, any container of the pesticide, any 

rinsate containing the pesticide, or any other material used 

to contain or collect excess or spilled quantities of the pesticide; and

(C) the registrant of a pesticide provide evidence of sufficient financial and other resources to carry out a recall 

plan under subsection (b), and provide for the disposition 

of the pesticide, in the event of suspension and cancellation 

of the pesticide.

(2) PESTICIDES.—The Administrator may by regulation, or 

as part of an order issued under section 6 or an amendment to 

such an order—

(A) issue requirements and procedures to be followed 

by any person who stores or transports a pesticide the registration of which has been suspended or canceled;

(B) issue requirements and procedures to be followed 

by any person who disposes of stocks of a pesticide the registration of which has been suspended; and

(C) issue requirements and procedures for the disposal 

of any pesticide the registration of which has been canceled.

(3) CONTAINERS, RINSATES, AND OTHER MATERIALS.—The 

Administrator may by regulation, or as part of an order issued 

under section 6 or an amendment to such an order—

(A) issue requirements and procedures to be followed 

by any person who stores or transports any container of a 

pesticide the registration of which has been suspended or 

canceled, any rinsate containing the pesticide, or any other 

material used to contain or collect excess or spilled quantities of the pesticide;

(B) issue requirements and procedures to be followed 

by any person who disposes of stocks of any container of a 

pesticide the registration of which has been suspended, any

rinsate containing the pesticide, or any other material used
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83 FIFRA Sec. 19

to contain or collect excess or spilled quantities of the pesticide; and

(C) issue requirements and procedures for the disposal 

of any container of a pesticide the registration of which has 

been canceled, any rinsate containing the pesticide, or any 

other material used to contain or collect excess or spilled

quantities of the pesticide.

(4) CONTAINER RECYCLING.—The Secretary may promulgate 

a regulation for the return and recycling of disposable pesticide 

containers used for the distribution or sale of registered pesticide products in interstate commerce. Any such regulation requiring recycling of disposable pesticide containers shall not 

apply to antimicrobial pesticides (as defined in section 2) or 

other pesticide products intended for non-agricultural uses.

(b) RECALLS.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—If the registration of a pesticide has been 

suspended and canceled under section 6, and if the Administrator finds that recall of the pesticide is necessary to protect 

health or the environment, the Administrator shall order a recall of the pesticide in accordancewith this subsection.

(2) VOLUNTARY RECALL.—If, after determining under paragraph (1) that a recall is necessary, the Administrator finds 

that voluntary recall by the registrant and others in the chain 

of distribution may be as safe and effective as a mandatory recall, the Administrator shall request the registrant of the pesticide to submit, within 60 days of the request, a plan for the 

voluntary recall of the pesticide. If such a plan is requested and 

submitted, the Administrator shall approve the plan and order 

the registrant to conduct the recall in accordance with the plan 

unless the Administrator determines, after an informal 

hearing, that the plan is inadequate to protect health or the 

environment.

(3) MANDATORY RECALL.—If, after determining under paragraph (1) that a recall is necessary, the Administrator does not 

request the submission of a plan under paragraph (2) or finds 

such a plan to be inadequate, the Administrator shall issue a 

regulation that prescribes a plan for the recall of the pesticide. 

A regulation issued under this paragraph may apply to any 

person who is or was a registrant, distributor, or seller of the 

pesticide, or any successor in interest to such a person.

(4) RECALL PROCEDURE.—A regulation issued under this 

subsection may require any person that is subject to the regulation to—

(A) arrange to make available one or more storage facilities to receive and store the pesticide to which the recall 

program applies, and inform the Administrator of the location of each such facility;

(B) accept and store at such a facility those existing 

stocks of such pesticide that are tendered by any other person who obtained the pesticide directly or indirectly from 

the person that is subject to such regulation;

(C) on the request of a person making such a tender, 

provide for proper transportation of the pesticide to a storage facility; and

(D) take such reasonable steps as the regulation may 

prescribe to inform persons who may be holders of the pes-
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Sec. 19 FIFRA 84

ticide of the terms of the recall regulation and how those 

persons may tender the pesticide and arrange for transportation of the pesticide to a storage facility.

(5) CONTENTS OF RECALL PLAN.—A recall plan established 

under this subsection shall include—

(A) the level in the distribution chain to which the recall is to extend, and a schedule for recall; and

(B) the means to be used to verify the effectiveness of 

the recall.

(6) REQUIREMENTS OR PROCEDURES.—No requirement or 

procedure imposed in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (a) may require the recall of existing stocks of the pesticide except as provided by this subsection.

(c) STORAGE COSTS.—

(1) SUBMISSION OF PLAN.—A registrant who wishes to become eligible for reimbursement of storage costs incurred as a 

result of a recall prescribed under subsection (b) for a pesticide 

whose registration has been suspended and canceled shall, as 

soon as practicable after the suspension of the registration of 

the pesticide, submit to the Administrator a plan for the storage and disposal of the pesticide that meets criteria established 

by the Administrator by regulation.

(2) REIMBURSEMENT.—Within a reasonable period of time 

after such storage costs are incurred and paid by the registrant, the Administrator shall reimburse the registrant, on request, for—

(A) none of the costs incurred by the registrant before 

the date of submission of the plan referred to in paragraph 

(1) to the Administrator;

(B) 100 percent of the costs incurred by the registrant 

after the date of submission of the plan to the Administrator or the date of cancellation of the registration of the 

pesticide, whichever is later, but before the approval of the 

plan by the Administrator;

(C) 50 percent of the costs incurred by the registrant 

during the 1-year period beginning on the date of the approval of the plan by the Administrator or the date of cancellation of the registration of the pesticide, whichever is 

later;

(D) none of the costs incurred by the registrant during 

the 3-year period beginning on the 366th day following approval of the plan by the Administrator or the date of cancellation of the registration of the pesticide, whichever is 

later; and

(E) 25 percent of the costs incurred by the registrant 

during the period beginning on the first day of the 5th year 

following the date of the approval of the plan by the Administrator or the date of cancellation of the registration of 

the pesticide, whichever is later, and ending on the date 

that a disposal permit for the pesticide is issued by a State 

or an alternative plan for disposal of the pesticide in accordance with applicable law has been developed.

(d) ADMINISTRATION OF STORAGE, DISPOSAL, TRANSPORTATION,

AND RECALL PROGRAMS.—

(1) VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS.—Nothing in this section shall 

be construed as preventing or making unlawful any agreement
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85 FIFRA Sec. 19

between a seller and a buyer of any pesticide or other substance regarding the ultimate allocation of the costs of storage, 

transportation, or disposal of a pesticide.

(2) RULE AND REGULATION REVIEW.—Section 25(a)(4) shall 

not apply to any regulation issued under subsection (a)(2) or 

(b).

(3) LIMITATIONS.—No registrant shall be responsible under 

this section for a pesticide the registration of which is held by 

another person. No distributor or seller shall be responsible 

under this section for a pesticide that the distributor or seller 

did not hold or sell.

(4) SEIZURE AND PENALTIES.—If the Administrator finds 

that a person who is subject to a regulation or order under subsection (a)(2) or (b) has failed substantially to comply with that 

regulation or order, the Administrator may take action under 

section 13 or 14 or obtain injunctive relief under section 16(c) 

against such person or any successor in interest of any such 

person.

(e) CONTAINER DESIGN.—

(1) PROCEDURES.—

(A) Not later than 3 years after the effective date of 

this subsection [December 24, 1988], the Administrator 

shall, in consultation with the heads of other interested 

Federal agencies, promulgate regulations for the design of 

pesticide containers that will promote the safe storage and 

disposal of pesticides.

(B) The regulations shall ensure, to the fullest extent 

practicable, that the containers—

(i) accommodate procedures used for the removal 

of pesticides from the containers and the rinsing of the 

containers;

(ii) facilitate the safe use of the containers, including elimination of splash and leakage of pesticides 

from the containers;

(iii) facilitate the safe disposal of the containers;

and

(iv) facilitate the safe refill and reuse of the

containers.

(2) COMPLIANCE.—The Administrator shall require compliance with the regulations referred to in paragraph (1) not later

than 5 years after the effective date of this subsection [December 24, 1988].

(f) PESTICIDE RESIDUE REMOVAL.—

(1) PROCEDURES.—

(A) Not later than 3 years after the effective date of

this subsection [December 24, 1988], the Administrator

shall, in consultation with the heads of other interested

Federal agencies, promulgate regulations prescribing procedures and standards for the removal of pesticides from containers prior to disposal.

(B) The regulations may—

(i) specify, for each major type of pesticide container, procedures and standards providing for, at a

minimum, triple rinsing or the equivalent degree of

pesticide removal;
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Sec. 19 FIFRA 86

(ii) specify procedures that can be implemented 

promptly and easily in various circumstances and conditions;

(iii) provide for reuse, whenever practicable, or 

disposal of rinse water and residue; and

(iv) be coordinated with requirements for the rinsing of containers imposed under the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.).

(C) The Administrator may, at the discretion of the Administrator, exempt products intended solely for household 

use from the requirements of this subsection.

(2) COMPLIANCE.—Effective beginning 5 years after the effective date of this subsection [December 24, 1988], a State may 

not exercise primary enforcement responsibility under section

26, or certify an applicator under section 11, unless the Administrator determines that the State is carrying out an adequate 

program to ensure compliance with this subsection.

(3) SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT.—Nothing in this subsection 

shall affect the authorities or requirements concerning pesticide 

containers under the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C.

6901).

(g) PESTICIDE CONTAINER STUDY.—

(1) STUDY.—

(A) The Administrator shall conduct a study of options

to encourage or require—

(i) the return, refill, and reuse of pesticide containers;

(ii) the development and use of pesticide formulations that facilitate the removal of pesticide residues

from containers; and

(iii) the use of bulk storage facilities to reduce the

number of pesticide containers requiring disposal.

(B) In conducting the study, the Administrator shall—

(i) consult with the heads of other interested Federal agencies, State agencies, industry groups, and environmental organizations; and

(ii) assess the feasibility, costs, and environmental

benefits of encouraging or requiring various measures

or actions.

(2) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the effective date

of this subsection [December 24, 1988], the Administrator shall

submit to Congress a report describing the results of the study

required under paragraph (1).

(h) RELATIONSHIP TO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this section shall diminish the

authorities or requirements of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42

U.S.C. 6901 et seq.).

(2) ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCTS.—A household, industrial, or

institutional antimicrobial product that is not subject to regulation under the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et

seq.) shall not be subject to the provisions of subsections (a),

(e), and (f), unless the Administrator determines that such

product must be subject to such provisions to prevent an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment.
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87 FIFRA Sec. 20

SEC. 20. ø7 U.S.C. 136r¿ RESEARCH AND MONITORING.

(a) RESEARCH.—The Administrator shall undertake research, 

including research by grant or contract with other Federal agencies, 

universities, or others as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act, and the Administrator shall conduct research into 

integrated pest management in coordination with the Secretary of 

Agriculture. The Administrator shall also take care to ensure that 

such research does not duplicate research being undertaken by any 

other Federal agency.

(b) NATIONAL MONITORING PLAN.—The Administrator shall formulate and periodically revise, in cooperation with other Federal, 

State, or local agencies, a national plan for monitoring pesticides. 

(c) MONITORING.—The Administrator shall undertake such 

monitoring activities, including, but not limited to monitoring in 

air, soil, water, man, plants, and animals, as may be necessary for 

the implementation of this Act and of the national pesticide monitoring plan. The Administrator shall establish procedures for the 

monitoring of man and animals and their environment for incidental pesticide exposure, including, but not limited to, the quantification of incidental human and environmental pesticide pollution 

and the secular trends thereof, and identification of the sources of 

contamination and their relationship to human and environmental 

effects. Such activities shall be carried out in cooperation with other

Federal, State, and local agencies.

SEC. 21. ø7 U.S.C. 136s¿ SOLICITATION OF COMMENTS; NOTICE OF 

PUBLIC HEARINGS.

(a) SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE.—The Administrator, before 

publishing regulations under this Act, shall solicit the views of the 

Secretary of Agriculture in accordance with the procedure described 

in section 25(a).

(b) SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES.—The Administrator, before publishing regulations under this Act for any public 

health pesticide, shall solicit the views of the Secretary of Health 

and Human Services in the same manner as the views of the Secretary of Agriculture are solicited under section 25(a)(2).

(c) VIEWS.—In addition to any other authority relating to public 

hearings and solicitation of views, in connection with the suspension or cancellation of a pesticide registration or any other actions 

authorized under this Act, the Administrator may, at the Administrator’s discretion, solicit the views of all interested persons, either 

orally or in writing, and seek such advice from scientists, farmers,

farm organizations, and other qualified persons as the Administrator deems proper.

(d) NOTICE.—In connection with all public hearings under this 

Act the Administrator shall publish timely notice of such hearings 

in the Federal Register.

SEC. 22. ø7 U.S.C. 136t¿ DELEGATION AND COOPERATION.

(a) DELEGATION.—All authority vested in the Administrator by 

virtue of the provisions of this Act may with like force and effect 

be executed by such employees of the Environmental Protection 

Agency as the Administrator may designate for the purpose.

(b) COOPERATION.—The Administrator shall cooperate with the 

Department of Agriculture, any other Federal agency, and any appropriate agency of any State or any political subdivision thereof, 

in carrying out the provisions of this Act, and in securing uniformity of regulations.
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Sec. 23 FIFRA 88

SEC. 23. ø7 U.S.C. 136u¿ STATE COOPERATION, AID, AND TRAINING.

(a) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—The Administrator may enter 

into cooperative agreements with States and Indian tribes—

(1) to delegate to any State or Indian tribe the authority 

to cooperate in the enforcement of this Act through the use of

its personnel or facilities, to train personnel of the State or Indian tribe to cooperate in the enforcement of this Act, and to 

assist States and Indian tribes in implementing cooperative enforcement programs through grants-in-aid; and

(2) to assist States in developing and administering State 

programs, and Indian tribes that enter into cooperative agreements, to train and certify applicators consistent with the 

standards the Administrator prescribes.

Effective with the fiscal year beginning October 1, 1978, there are 

authorized to be appropriated annually such funds as may be necessary for the Administrator to provide through cooperative agreements an amount equal to 50 percent of the anticipated cost to each 

State or Indian tribe, as agreed to under such cooperative agreements, of conducting training and certification programs during 

such fiscal year. If funds sufficient to pay 50 percent of the costs 

for any year are not appropriated, the share of each State and Indian tribe shall be reduced in a like proportion in allocating available funds.

(b) CONTRACTS FOR TRAINING.—In addition, the Administrator 

may enter into contracts with Federal, State, or Indian tribal agencies for the purpose of encouraging the training of certified applicators.

(c) INFORMATION AND EDUCATION.—The Administrator shall, in 

cooperation with the Secretary of Agriculture, use the services of 

the cooperative State extension services to inform and educate pesticide users about accepted uses and other regulations made under 

this Act.

SEC. 24. ø7 U.S.C. 136v¿ AUTHORITY OF STATES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—A State may regulate the sale or use of any 

federally registered pesticide or device in the State, but only if and 

to the extent the regulation does not permit any sale or use prohibited by this Act.

(b) UNIFORMITY.—Such State shall not impose or continue in effect any requirements for labeling or packaging in addition to or 

different from those required under this Act.

(c) ADDITIONAL USES.—

(1) A State may provide registration for additional uses of 

federally registered pesticides formulated for distribution and 

use within that State to meet special local needs in accord with 

the purposes of this Act and if registration for such use has not 

previously been denied, disapproved, or canceled by the Administrator. Such registration shall be deemed registration under 

section 3 for all purposes of this Act, but shall authorize distribution and use only within such State.

(2) A registration issued by a State under this subsection 

shall not be effective for more than ninety days if disapproved

by the Administrator within that period. Prior to disapproval,

the Administrator shall, except as provided in paragraph (3) of 

this subsection, advise the State of the Administrator’s intention to disapprove and the reasons therefor, and provide the 

State time to respond. The Administrator shall not prohibit or
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89 FIFRA Sec. 25

disapprove a registration issued by a State under this subsection (A) on the basis of lack of essentiality of a pesticide or 

(B) except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, if its 

composition and use patterns are similar to those of a federally 

registered pesticide.

(3) In no instance may a State issue a registration for a 

food or feed use unless there exists a tolerance or exemption 

under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that permits 

the residues of the pesticide on the food or feed. If the Administrator determinesthat a registration issued by a State is inconsistent with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the 

use of, a pesticide under a registration issued by a State constitutes an imminent hazard, the Administrator may immediately disapprove the registration.

(4) If the Administrator finds, in accordance with standards set forth in regulations issued under section 25 of this Act, 

that a State is not capable of exercising adequate controls to 

assure that State registration under this section will be in accord with the purposes of this Act or has failed to exercise adequate controls, the Administrator may suspend the authority of 

the State to register pesticides until such time as the Administrator is satisfied that the State can and will exercise adequate 

controls. Prior to any such suspension, the Administrator shall 

advise the State of the Administrator’s intention to suspend 

and the reasons therefor and provide the State time to respond.

SEC. 25. ø7 U.S.C. 136w¿ AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATOR.

(a) IN GENERAL.—

(1) REGULATIONS.—The Administrator is authorized in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph (2), to prescribe regulations to carry out the provisions of this Act. Such 

regulations shall take into account the difference in concept

and usage between various classes of pesticides, including public health pesticides, and differences in environmental risk and 

the appropriate data for evaluating such risk between agricultural, nonagricultural, and public health pesticides.

(2) PROCEDURE.—

(A) PROPOSED REGULATIONS.—At least 60 days prior to 

signing any proposed regulation for publication in the Federal Register, the Administrator shall provide the Secretary of Agriculture with a copy of such regulation. If the 

Secretary comments in writing to the Administrator regarding any such regulation within 30 days after receiving 

it, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register 

(with the proposed regulation) the comments of the Secretary and the response of the Administrator with regard 

to the Secretary’s comments. If the Secretary does not comment in writing to the Administrator regarding the regulation within 30 days after receiving it, the Administrator 

may sign such regulation for publication in the Federal 

Register any time after such 30-day period notwithstanding 

the foregoing 60-day time requirement.

(B) FINAL REGULATIONS.—At least 30 days prior to 

signing any regulation in final form for publication in the 

Federal Register, the Administrator shall provide the Secretary of Agriculture with a copy of such regulation. If the 

Secretary comments in writing to the Administrator re-
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Sec. 25 FIFRA 90

garding any such final regulation within 15 days after receiving it, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal 

Register (with the final regulation) the comments of the 

Secretary, if requested by the Secretary, and the response 

of the Administrator concerning the Secretary’s comments. 

If the Secretary does not comment in writing to the Administrator regarding the regulation within 15 days after receiving it, the Administrator may sign such regulation for 

publication in the Federal Register at any time after such

15-day period notwithstanding the foregoing 30-day time 

requirement. In taking any final action under this subsection, the Administrator shall include among those factors to be taken into account the effect of the regulation on 

production and prices of agricultural commodities, retail 

food prices, and otherwise on the agricultural economy, and 

the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register an 

analysis of such effect.

(C) TIME REQUIREMENTS.—The time requirements imposed by subparagraphs (A) and (B) may be waived or

modified to the extent agreed upon by the Administrator

and the Secretary.

(D) PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER.—The Administrator shall, simultaneously with any notification to

the Secretary of Agriculture under this paragraph prior to

the issuance of any proposed or final regulation, publish

such notification in the Federal Register.

(3) CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—At such time as the Administrator is required under paragraph (2) of this subsection

to provide the Secretary of Agriculture with a copy of proposed

regulations and a copy of the final form of regulations, the Administrator shall also furnish a copy of such regulations to the

Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and

the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the

Senate.

(4) CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF REGULATIONS.—Simultaneously with the promulgation of any rule or regulation under

this Act, the Administrator shall transmit a copy thereof to the

Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The rule or regulation shall not become effective

until the passage of 60 calendar days after the rule or regulation is so transmitted.

(b) EXEMPTION OF PESTICIDES.—The Administrator may exempt

from the requirements of this Act by regulation any pesticide which

the Administrator determines either (1) to be adequately regulated

by another Federal agency, or (2) to be of a character which is unnecessary to be subject to this Act in order to carry out the purposes of this Act.

(c) OTHER AUTHORITY.—The Administrator, after notice and opportunity for hearing, is authorized—

(1) to declare a pest any form of plant or animal life (other

than man and other than bacteria, virus, and other micro-organisms on or in living man or other living animals) which is injurious to health or the environment;

(2) to determine any pesticide which contains any substance or substances in quantities highly toxic to man;
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91 FIFRA Sec. 25

National Science Foundation, utilizing a system of staggered 

terms of appointment. Members of the panel shall be selected

May 22, 2008

(3) to establish standards (which shall be consistent with 

those established under the authority of the Poison Prevention 

Packaging Act (Public Law 91–601)) with respect to the package, container, or wrapping in which a pesticide or device is enclosed for use or consumption, in order to protect children and 

adults from serious injury or illness resulting from accidental 

ingestion or contact with pesticides or devices regulated by this 

Act as well as to accomplish the other purposes of this Act;

(4) to specify those classes of devices which shall be subject 

to any provision of paragraph 2(q)(1) or section 7 of this Act 

upon the Administrator’s determination that application of 

such provision is necessary to effectuate the purposes of this 

Act;

(5) to prescribe regulations requiring any pesticide to be 

colored or discolored if the Administrator determines that such 

requirement is feasible and is necessary for the protection of

health and the environment; and

(6) to determine and establish suitable names to be used 

in the ingredientstatement.

(d) SCIENTIFIC ADVISORYPANEL.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall submit to an advisory panel for comment as to the impact on health and the 

environment of the action proposed in notices of intent issued 

under section 6(b) and of the proposed and final form of regulations issued under section 25(a) within the same time periods 

as provided for the comments of the Secretary of Agriculture 

under such sections. The time requirements for notices of intent and proposed and final forms of regulation may not be 

modified or waived unless in addition to meeting the requirements of section 6(b) or 25(a), as applicable, the advisory panel 

has failed to comment on the proposed action within the prescribed time period or has agreed to the modification or waiver. 

The Administrator shall also solicit from the advisory panel 

comments, evaluations, and recommendations for operating 

guidelines to improve the effectiveness and quality of scientific 

analyses made by personnel of the Environmental Protection 

Agency that lead to decisions by the Administrator in carrying 

out the provisions of this Act. The comments, evaluations, and 

recommendations of the advisory panel submitted under this 

subsection and the response of the Administrator shall be published in the Federal Register in the same manner as provided 

for publication of the comments of the Secretary of Agriculture 

under such sections. The chairman of the advisory panel, after 

consultation with the Administrator, may create temporary 

subpanels on specific projects to assist the full advisory panel 

in expediting and preparing its evaluations, comments, and recommendations. The subpanels may be composed of scientists 

other than members of the advisory panel, as deemed necessary 

for the purpose of evaluating scientific studies relied upon by 

the Administrator with respect to proposed action. Such additional scientists shall be selected by the advisory panel. The 

panel referred to in this subsection shall consist of 7 members 

appointed by the Administrator from a list of 12 nominees, 6 

nominated by the National Institutes of Health and 6 by the
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Sec. 25 FIFRA 92

cy, any State or political subdivision thereof, or any institution or 

individual under grant, contract, or cooperative agreement from or

May 22, 2008

on the basis of their professional qualifications to assess the effects of the impact of pesticides on health and the environment. 

To the extent feasible to insure multidisciplinary representation, the panel membership shall include representation from 

the disciplines of toxicology, pathology, environmental biology, 

and related sciences. If a vacancy occurs on the panel due to 

expiration of a term, resignation, or any other reason, each replacement shall be selected by the Administrator from a group 

of 4 nominees, 2 submitted by each of the nominating entities 

named in this subsection. The Administrator may extend the 

term of a panel member until the new member is appointed to 

fill the vacancy. If a vacancy occurs due to resignation, or reason other than expiration of a term, the Administrator shall appoint a member to serve during the unexpired term utilizing 

the nomination process set forth in this subsection. Should the 

list of nominees provided under this subsection be unsatisfactory, the Administrator may request an additional set of nominees from the nominating entities. The Administrator may require such information from the nominees to the advisory panel 

as the Administrator deems necessary, and the Administrator 

shall publish in the Federal Register the name, address, and 

professional affiliations of each nominee. Each member of the 

panel shall receive per diem compensation at a rate not in excess of that fixed for GS–18 of the General Schedule as may be 

determined by the Administrator, except that any such member 

who holds another office or position under the Federal Government the compensation for which exceeds such rate may elect 

to receive compensation at the rate provided for such other office or position in lieu of the compensation provided by this 

subsection. In order to assure the objectivity of the advisory 

panel, the Administrator shall promulgate regulations regarding conflicts of interest with respect to the members of the 

panel. The advisory panel established under this section shall 

be permanent. In performing the functions assigned by this 

Act, the panel shall consult and coordinate its activities with 

the Science Advisory Board established under the Environmental Research, Development, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 1978. Whenever the Administrator exercises authority under section 6(c) of this Act to immediatelysuspend the 

registration of any pesticide to prevent an imminent hazard, 

the Administrator shall promptly submit to the advisory panel 

for comment, as to the impact on health and the environment, 

the action taken to suspend the registration of such pesticide. 

(2) SCIENCE REVIEW BOARD.—There is established a Science 

Review Board to consist of 60 scientists who shall be available 

to the Scientific Advisory Panel to assist in reviews conducted 

by the Panel. Members of the Board shall be selected in the 

same manner as members of temporary subpanels created 

under paragraph (1). Members of the Board shall be compensated in the same manner as members of the Panel.

(e) PEER REVIEW.—The Administrator shall, by written procedures, provide for peer review with respect to the design, protocols, 

and conduct of major scientific studies conducted under this Act by 

the Environmental Protection Agency or by any other Federal agen-
Q:\COMP\FIFRA\FIFRA

93 FIFRA Sec. 26

and to any applicator who holds or applies pesticides, or uses diluMay 22, 2008

with the Environmental Protection Agency. In such procedures, the 

Administrator shall also provide for peer review, using the advisory 

panel established under subsection (d) of this section or appropriate 

experts appointed by the Administrator from a current list of nominees maintained by such panel, with respect to the results of any 

such scientific studies relied upon by the Administrator with respect to actions the Administrator may take relating to the change 

in classification, suspension, or cancellation of a pesticide. Whenever the Administrator determines that circumstances do not permit the peer review of the results of any such scientific study prior 

to the Administrator’s exercising authority under section 6(c) of this 

Act to immediately suspend the registration of any pesticide to prevent an imminent hazard, the Administrator shall promptly thereafter provide for the conduct of peer review as provided in this sentence. The evaluations and relevant documentation constituting the 

peer review that relate to the proposed scientific studies and the results of the completed scientific studies shall be included in the submission for comment forwarded by the Administrator to the advisory panel as provided in subsection (d). As used in this subsection, 

the term ‘‘peer review’’ shall mean an independent evaluation by 

scientific experts, either within or outside the Environmental Protection Agency, in the appropriate disciplines.

SEC. 26. ø7 U.S.C. 136w–1¿ STATE PRIMARY ENFORCEMENT RESPONSIBILITY.

(a) IN GENERAL.—For the purposes of this Act, a State shall 

have primary enforcement responsibility for pesticide use violations 

during any period for which the Administrator determines that 

such State—

(1) has adopted adequate pesticide use laws and regulations, except that the Administrator may not require a State to 

have pesticide use laws that are more stringent than this Act; 

(2) has adopted and is implementing adequate procedures

for the enforcement of such State laws and regulations; and

(3) will keep such records and make such reports showing 

compliance with paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection as 

the Administrator may require by regulation.

(b) SPECIAL RULES.—Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, any State that enters into a cooperative 

agreement with the Administrator under section 23 of this Act for 

the enforcement of pesticide use restrictions shall have the primary 

enforcement responsibility for pesticide use violations. Any State 

that has a plan approved by the Administrator in accordance with 

the requirements of section 11 of this Act that the Administrator 

determines meets the criteria set out in subsection (a) of this section shall have the primary enforcement responsibility for pesticide 

use violations. The Administrator shall make such determinations 

with respect to State plans under section 11 of this Act in effect on 

the date of enactment of the Federal Pesticide Act of 1978 [September 30, 1978] not later than six months after that date.

(c) ADMINISTRATOR.—The Administrator shall have primary enforcement responsibility for those States that do not have primary

enforcementresponsibility under this Act. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 2(e)(1) of this Act, during any period when the Administrator has such enforcement responsibility, section 8(b) of this 

Act shall apply to the books and records of commercial applicators
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Sec. 28 FIFRA 94

May 22, 2008

tions of pesticides, only to provide a service of controlling pests 

without delivering any unapplied pesticide to any person so served, 

and section 9(a) of this Act shall apply to the establishment or 

other place where pesticides or devices are held for application by 

such persons with respect to pesticides or devices held for such application.

SEC. 27. ø7 U.S.C. 136w–2¿ FAILURE BY THE STATE TO ASSURE ENFORCEMENT OF STATE PESTICIDE USE REGULATIONS.

(a) REFERRAL.—Upon receipt of any complaint or other information alleging or indicating a significant violation of the pesticide use 

provisions of this Act, the Administrator shall refer the matter to 

the appropriate State officials for their investigation of the matter 

consistent with the requirements of this Act. If, within thirty days, 

the State has not commenced appropriate enforcement action, the 

Administrator may act upon the complaint or information to the extent authorized under this Act.

(b) NOTICE.—Whenever the Administrator determines that a 

State having primary enforcement responsibility for pesticide use 

violations is not carrying out (or cannot carry out due to the lack 

of adequate legal authority) such responsibility, the Administrator 

shall notify the State. Such notice shall specify those aspects of the 

administration of the State program that are determined to be inadequate. The State shall have ninety days after receipt of the notice to correct any deficiencies. If after that time the Administrator 

determinesthat the State program remains inadequate, the Administrator may rescind, in whole or in part, the State’s primary enforcement responsibility for pesticide use violations.

(c) CONSTRUCTION.—Neither section 26 of this Act nor this section shall limit the authority of the Administrator to enforce this 

Act, where the Administrator determines that emergency conditions 

exist that require immediate action on the part of the Administrator and the State authority is unwilling or unable adequately to 

respond to the emergency.

SEC. 28. ø7 U.S.C. 136w–3¿ IDENTIFICATIONOF PESTS; COOPERATION

WITH DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE’S PROGRAM.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in coordination with the 

Secretary of Agriculture, shall identify those pests that must be 

brought under control. The Administrator shall also coordinate and 

cooperate with the Secretary of Agriculture’s research and implementation programs to develop and improve the safe use and effectiveness of chemical, biological, and alternative methods to combat 

and control pests that reduce the quality and economical production 

and distribution of agricultural products to domestic and foreign 

consumers.

(b) PEST CONTROL AVAILABILITY.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in cooperation with 

the Secretary of Agriculture, shall identify—

(A) available methods of pest control by crop or animal; 

(B) minor pest control problems, both in minor crops

and minor or localized problems in major crops; and

(C) factors limiting the availability of specific pest control methods, such as resistance to control methods and 

regulatory actions limiting the availability of control methods.

(2) REPORT.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall, not later 

than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection
May 22, 2008

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95 FIFRA Sec. 31

[November 28, 1990] and annually thereafter, prepare a report 

and send the report to the Administrator. The report shall—

(A) contain the information described in paragraph (1) 

and the information required by section 1651 of the Food, 

Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990;

(B) identify the crucial pest control needs where a 

shortage of control methods is indicated by the information 

described in paragraph (1); and

(C) describe in detail research and extension efforts designed to address the needs identified in subparagraph (B).

(c) INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT.—The Administrator, in 

cooperation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall develop 

approaches to the control of pests based on integrated pest management that respond to the needs of producers, with a special emphasis on minor pests.

(d) PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS.—The Administrator, in coordination 

with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and 

Human Services, shall identify pests of significant public health importance and, in coordination with the Public Health Service, develop and implement programs to improve and facilitate the safe 

and necessary use of chemical, biological, and other methods to 

combat and control such pests of public health importance.

SEC. 29. ø7 U.S.C. 136w–4¿ ANNUAL REPORT.

The Administrator shall submit an annual report to Congress 

before February 16 of each year and the first report shall be due 

February 15, 1979. The report shall include the total number of applications for conditional registration under sections 3(c)(7)(B) and

3(c)(7)(C) of this Act that were filed during the immediately preceding fiscal year, and, with respect to those applications approved, 

the Administrator shall report the Administrator’s findings in each 

case, the conditions imposed and any modification of such conditions in each case, and the quantities produced of such pesticides.

SEC. 30. ø7 U.S.C. 136w–5¿ MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAINING 

OF MAINTENANCE APPLICATORS AND SERVICE TECHNICIANS.

Each State may establish minimum requirements for training 

of maintenance applicators and service technicians. Such training 

may include instruction in the safe and effective handling and use 

of pesticides in accordance with the Environmental Protection 

Agency approved labeling, and instruction in integrated pest management techniques. The authority of the Administrator with respect to minimum requirements for training of maintenance applicators and service technicians shall be limited to ensuring that each 

State understands the provisions of this section.

SEC. 31. ø7 U.S.C. 136w–6¿ ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

MINOR USE PROGRAM.

(a) The Administrator shall assure coordination of minor use 

issues through the establishment of a minor use program within 

the Office of Pesticide Programs. Such office shall be responsible for 

coordinating the development of minor use programs and policies 

and consulting with growers regarding minor use issues and registrations and amendments which are submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency.

(b) The Office of Pesticide Programs shall prepare a public report concerning the progress made on the registration of minor 

uses, including implementation of the exclusive use as an incentive
May 22, 2008

Q:\COMP\FIFRA\FIFRA

Sec. 32 FIFRA 96

for registering new minor uses, within 3 years of the passage of the

Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. [Aug. 3, 1996]

SEC. 32. ø7 U.S.C. 136w–7¿ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MINOR 

USE PROGRAM.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture (hereinafter in 

this section referred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall assure the coordination of the responsibilities of the Department of Agriculture related to minor uses of pesticides, including—

(1) carrying out the Inter-Regional Project Number 4 (IR–

4) as described in section 2 of Public Law 89–106 (7 U.S.C.

450i(e)) and the national pesticide resistance monitoring program established under section 1651 of the Food, Agriculture,

Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5882);

(2) supporting integrated pest management research;

(3) consulting with growers to develop data for minor uses;

and

(4) providing assistance for minor use registrations, tolerances, and reregistrations with the Environmental Protection

Agency.

(b)(1) MINOR USE PESTICIDE DATA.—

(A) GRANT AUTHORITY.—The Secretary, in consultation

with the Administrator, shall establish a program to make

grants for the development of data to support minor use pesticide registrations and reregistrations. The amount of any such

grant shall not exceed 1⁄2 of the cost of the project for which the

grant is made.

(B) APPLICANTS.—Any person who wants to develop data to

support minor use pesticide registrations and reregistrations

may apply for a grant under subparagraph (A). Priority shall

be given to an applicant for such a grant who does not directly

receive funds from the sale of pesticides registered for minor

uses.

(C) DATA OWNERSHIP.—Any data that is developed under a

grant under subparagraph (A) shall be jointly owned by the Department of Agriculture and the person who received the grant.

Such a person shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary

under which such person shall share any fee paid to such person under section 3(c)(1)(F).

(2) MINOR USE PESTICIDE DATA REVOLVING FUND.—

(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Treasury

of the United States a revolving fund to be known as the Minor

Use Pesticide Data Revolving Fund. The Fund shall be available without fiscal year limitation to carry out the authorized

purposes of this subsection.

(B) CONTENTS OF THE FUND.—There shall be deposited in

the Fund—

(i) such amounts as may be appropriated to support

the purposes of this subsection; and

(ii) fees collected by the Secretary for any data developed under a grant under paragraph (1)(A).

(C) AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year to carry out the

purposes of this subsection $10,000,000 to remain available

until expended.
May 22, 2008

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97 FIFRA Sec. 33

SEC. 33. ø7 U.S.C. 136w–8¿ PESTICIDE REGISTRATION SERVICE FEES. 

(a) DEFINITION OF COSTS.—In this section, the term ‘‘costs’’, 

when used with respect to review and decisionmaking pertaining to 

an application for which registration service fees are paid under

this section, means—

(1) costs to the extent that—

(A) officers and employees provide direct support for

the review and decisionmaking for covered pesticide applications, associated tolerances, and corresponding risk and

benefits information and analyses;

(B) persons and organizations under contract with the

Administrator engage in the review of the applications, and

corresponding risk and benefits information and assessments; and

(C) advisory committees and other accredited persons

or organizations, on the request of the Administrator, engage in the peer review of risk or benefits information associated with covered pesticide applications;

(2) costs of management of information, and the acquisition, maintenance, and repair of computer and telecommunication resources (including software), used to support review of

pesticide applications, associated tolerances, and corresponding

risk and benefits information and analyses; and

(3) costs of collecting registration service fees under subsections (b) and (c) and reporting, auditing, and accounting

under this section.

(b) FEES.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Effective beginning on the effective date

of the Pesticide Registration Improvement Act of 2003, the Administrator shall assess and collect covered pesticide registration service fees in accordancewith this section.

(2) COVERED PESTICIDE REGISTRATION APPLICATIONS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—An application for the registration of

a pesticide covered by this Act that is received by the Administrator on or after the effective date of the Pesticide

Registration Improvement Act of 2003 shall be subject to

a registration service fee under this section.

(B) EXISTING APPLICATIONS.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), an application for the registration of a pesticide that was submitted to the Administrator before the effective date of

the Pesticide Registration Improvement Act of 2003

and is pending on that effective date shall be subject

to a service fee under this section if the application is

for the registration of a new active ingredient that is

not listed in the Registration Division 2003 Work Plan

of the Office of Pesticide Programs of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(ii) TOLERANCE OR EXEMPTION FEES.—The amount

of any fee otherwise payable for an application described in clause (i) under this section shall be reduced

by the amount of any fees paid to support the related

petition for a pesticide tolerance or exemption under

the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C.

301 et seq.).
May 22, 2008

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Sec. 33 FIFRA 98

(C) DOCUMENTATION.—An application subject to a registration service fee under this section shall be submitted 

with documentation certifying—

(i) payment of the registration service fee; or

(ii) payment of at least 25 percent of the registration service fee and a request for a waiver from or reduction of the remaining amount of the registration

service fee.

(D) PAYMENT.—The registration service fee required

under this subsection shall be due upon submission of the

application.

(E) APPLICATIONS SUBJECT TO ADDITIONAL FEES.—An

application may be subject to additional fees if—

(i) the applicant identified the incorrect registration service fee and decision review period;

(ii) after review of a waiver request, the Administrator deniesthe waiver request; or

(iii) after review of the application, the Administrator determinesthat a different registration service

fee and decision review period apply to the application.

(F) EFFECT OF FAILURE TO PAY FEES.—The Administrator shall reject any application submitted without the

required registration service fee.

(G) NON-REFUNDABLE PORTION OF FEES.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall retain 25

percent of the applicable registration service fee.

(ii) LIMITATION.—Any waiver, refund, credit or

other reduction in the registration service fee shall not

exceed 75 percent of the registration service fee.

(H) COLLECTION OF UNPAID FEES.—In any case in

which the Administrator does not receive payment of a registration service fee (or applicable portion of the registration service fee) by the date that is 30 days after the fee

is due, the fee shall be treated as a claim of the United

States Government subject to subchapter II of chapter 37

of title 31, United States Code.

(3) SCHEDULE OF COVERED APPLICATIONS AND REGISTRATION

SERVICE FEES.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the effective date of the Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal

Register a schedule of covered pesticide registration applications and corresponding registration service fees.

(B) REPORT.—Subject to paragraph (6), the schedule

shall be the same as the applicable schedule appearing in

the Congressional Record on pages S10409 through

S10411, dated July 31, 2007.

(4) PENDING PESTICIDE REGISTRATION APPLICATIONS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—An applicant that submitted a registration application to the Administrator before the effective date of the Pesticide Registration Improvement Act of

2003, but that is not required to pay a registration service

fee under paragraph (2)(B), may, on a voluntary basis, pay

a registration service fee in accordance with paragraph

(2)(B).
May 22, 2008

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99 FIFRA Sec. 33

(B) VOLUNTARY FEE.—The Administrator may not compel payment of a registration service fee for an application 

described in subparagraph (A).

(C) DOCUMENTATION.—An application for which a voluntary registration service fee is paid under this paragraph 

shall be submitted with documentation certifying—

(i) payment of the registration service fee; or

(ii) a request for a waiver from or reduction of the

registration service fee.

(5) RESUBMISSION OF PESTICIDE REGISTRATION APPLICATIONS.—If a pesticide registration application is submitted by a

person that paid the fee for the application under paragraph

(2), is determined by the Administrator to be complete, and is

not approved or is withdrawn (without a waiver or refund),the

submission of the same pesticide registration application by the

same person (or a licensee, assignee, or successor of the person)

shall not be subject to a fee under paragraph (2).

(6) FEE ADJUSTMENT.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Effective for a covered pesticide registration application received during the period beginning

on October 1, 2008, and ending on September 30, 2010, the

Administrator shall increase by 5 percent the registration

service fee payable for the application under paragraph (3).

(B) ADDITIONAL ADJUSTMENT.—Effective for a covered

pesticide registration application received on or after October 1, 2010, the Administrator shall increase by an additional 5 percent the registration service fee in effect as of

September 30, 2010.

(C) PUBLICATION.—The Administrator shall publish in

the Federal Register the revised registration service fee

schedules.

(7) WAIVERS AND REDUCTIONS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—An applicant for a covered pesticide

registration may request the Administrator to waive or reduce the amount of a registration service fee payable under

this section under the circumstances described in subparagraphs (D) through (G).

(B) DOCUMENTATION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—A request for a waiver from or reduction of the registration service fee shall be accompanied by appropriate documentation demonstrating

the basis for the waiver or reduction.

(ii) CERTIFICATION.—The applicant shall provide to

the Administrator a written certification, signed by a

responsible officer, that the documentation submitted

to support the waiver or reduction request is accurate.

(iii) INACCURATE DOCUMENTATION.—An application

shall be subject to the applicable registration service

fee payable under paragraph (3) if, at any time, the

Administrator determines that—

(I) the documentation supporting the waiver

or reduction request is not accurate; or

(II) based on the documentation or any other

information, the waiver or reduction should not

have been granted or should not be granted.
May 22, 2008

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Sec. 33 FIFRA 100

(C) DETERMINATION TO GRANT OR DENY REQUEST.—As 

soon as practicable, but not later than 60 days, after the 

date on which the Administrator receives a request for a 

waiver or reduction of a registration service fee under this 

paragraph, the Administrator shall—

(i) determine whether to grant or deny the request; and

(ii) notify the applicant of the determination. 

(D) MINOR USES.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may exempt 

from, or waive a portion of, the registration service fee 

for an application for minor uses for a pesticide.

(ii) SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.—An applicant 

requesting a waiver or exemption under this subparagraph shall provide supporting documentation that 

demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Administrator, 

that anticipated revenues from the uses that are the 

subject of the application would be insufficient to justify imposition of the full application fee.

(E) IR–4 EXEMPTION.—The Administrator shall exempt 

an application from the registration service fee if the Administrator determines that—

(i) the application is solely associated with a tolerance petition submitted in connection with the InterRegional Project Number 4 (IR–4) as described in section 2 of Public Law 89–106 (7 U.S.C. 450i(e)); and

(ii) the exemption is in the public interest. 

(F) SMALL BUSINESSES.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall waive 50 

percent of the registration service fees payable by an 

entity for a covered pesticide registration application 

under this section if the entity is a small business (as 

defined in section 4(i)(5)(E)(ii)) at the time of application.

(ii) WAIVER OF FEES.—The Administrator shall 

waive 75 percent of the registration service fees payable by an entity under this section if the entity—

(I) is a small business (as defined in section

4(i)(5)(E)(ii)) at the time of application; and

(II) has average annual global gross revenues

described in section 4(i)(5)(E)(ii)(I)(bb)that does

not exceed $10,000,000, at the time of application.

(iii) FORMATION FOR WAIVER.—The Administrator

shall not grant a waiver under this subparagraph if

the Administrator determines that the entity submitting the application has been formed or manipulated

primarily for the purpose of qualifying for the waiver.

(iv) DOCUMENTATION.—An entity requesting a

waiver under this subparagraph shall provide to the

Administrator—

(I) documentation demonstrating that the entity is a small business (as defined in section

4(i)(5)(E)(ii)) at the time of application; and
May 22, 2008

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101 FIFRA Sec. 33

(II) if the entity is requesting a waiver of 75 

percent of the applicable. 33–1 registration service 

fees payable under this section, documentation 

demonstrating that the entity has an average annual global gross revenues described in section

4(i)(5)(E)(ii)(I)(bb) that does not exceed

$10,000,000, at the time of application.

(G) FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCY EXEMPTIONS.—An

agency of the Federal Government or a State government

shall be exempt from covered registration service fees

under this section.

(8) REFUNDS.—

(A) EARLY WITHDRAWALS.—If, during the first 60 days

after the beginning of the applicable decision time review

period under subsection (f)(3), a covered pesticide registration application is withdrawn by the applicant, the Administrator shall refund all but 25 percent of the total registration service fee payable under paragraph (3) for the application.

(B) WITHDRAWALS AFTER THE FIRST 60 DAYS OF DECISION REVIEW TIME PERIOD.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—If a covered pesticide registration

application is withdrawn after the first 60 days of the

applicable decision time review period, the Administrator shall determine what portion, if any, of the total

registration service fee payable under paragraph (3) for

the application may be refunded based on the proportion of the work completed at the time of withdrawal.

(ii) TIMING.—The Administrator shall—

(I) make the determination described in clause

(i) not later than 90 days after the date the application is withdrawn; and

(II) provide any refund as soon as practicable

after the determination.

(C) DISCRETIONARY REFUNDS.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a pesticide registration application that has been filed with the Administrator and has not been withdrawn by the applicant,

but for which the Administrator has not yet made a

final determination, the Administrator may refund a

portion of a covered registration service fee if the Administrator determinesthat the refund is justified.

(ii) BASIS.—The Administrator may provide a refund for an application under this subparagraph—

(I) on the basis that, in reviewing the application, the Administrator has considered data submitted in support of another pesticide registration

application; or

(II) on the basis that the Administrator completed portions of the review of the application before the effective date of this section.

(D) CREDITED FEES.—In determining whether to grant 

a refund under this paragraph, the Administrator shall

33–1 So in original (as amended by sec. 5(c)(2) of Public Law 110–94). Probably should 

strike the period.
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Sec. 33 FIFRA 102

May 22, 2008

take into account any portion of the registration service 

fees credited under paragraph (2) or (4).

(c) PESTICIDE REGISTRATION FUND.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Treasury 

of the United States a Pesticide Registration Fund to be used 

in carrying out this section (referred to in this section as the

‘‘Fund’’), consisting of—

(A) such amounts as are deposited in the Fund under 

paragraph (2);

(B) any interest earned on investment of amounts in 

the Fund under paragraph (5); and

(C) any proceeds from the sale or redemption of investments held in the Fund.

(2) DEPOSITS IN FUND.—Subject to paragraph (4), the Administrator shall deposit fees collected under this section in the 

Fund.

(3) EXPENDITURES FROM FUND.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C) 

and paragraph (4), the Administrator may make expenditures from the Fund—

(i) to cover the costs associated with the review 

and decisionmaking pertaining to all applications for 

which registration service fees have been paid under 

this section; and

(ii) to otherwise carry out this section. 

(B) WORKER PROTECTION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—For each of fiscal years 2008 

through 2012, the Administrator shall use approximately 1

⁄17 of the amount in the Fund (but not less 

than $1,000,000) to enhance scientific and regulatory 

activities relating to worker protection.

(ii) PARTNERSHIP GRANTS.—Of the amounts in the 

Fund, the Administrator shall use for partnership 

grants—

(I) for each of fiscal years 2008 and 2009,

$750,000; and

(II) for each of fiscal years 2010 through 2012,

$500,000.

(iii) PESTICIDE SAFETY EDUCATION PROGRAM.—Of 

the amounts in the Fund, the Administrator shall use

$500,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to 

carry out the pesticide safety education program.

(4) COLLECTIONS AND APPROPRIATIONS ACTS.—The fees authorized by this section and amounts deposited in the Fund—

(A) shall be collected and made available for obligation

only to the extent provided in advance in appropriations

Acts; and

(B) shall be available without fiscal year limitation. 

(5) UNUSED FUNDS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Amounts in the Fund not currently 

needed to carry out this section shall be—

(i) 33–2 maintained readily available or on deposit;

(ii) invested in obligations of the United States or 

guaranteed by the United States; or

33–2

Indentation of clauses (i) through (iii) is so in original (as amended by sec. 5(e)(3)(A)

of Public Law 110–94). Clauses probably should be indented.
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103 FIFRA Sec. 33

(iii) invested in obligations, participations, or other instruments that are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust, 

or public funds.

(B) USE OF INVESTMENT INCOME.—After consultation 

with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Administrator may 

use income from investments described in clauses (ii) and

(iii) of subparagraph (A) to carry out this section.

(d) ASSESSMENT OF FEES.—

(1) DEFINITION OF COVERED FUNCTIONS.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘covered functions’’ means functions of the Office of Pesticide Programs of the Environmental Protection 

Agency, as identified in key programs and projects of the final 

operating plan for the Environmental Protection Agency submitted as part of the budget process for fiscal year 2002, regardless of any subsequent transfer of 1 or more of the functions to another office or agency or the subsequent transfer of 

a new function to the Office of Pesticide Programs.

(2) MINIMUM AMOUNT OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Registration 

service fees may not be assessed for a fiscal year under this 

section unless the amount of appropriations for salaries, contracts, and expenses for the functions (as in existence in fiscal 

year 2002) of the Office of Pesticide Programs of the Environmental Protection Agency for the fiscal year (excluding the 

amount of any fees appropriated for the fiscal year) are equal 

to or greater than the amount of appropriations for covered 

functions for fiscal year 2002 (excluding the amount of any fees 

appropriated for the fiscal year).

(3) USE OF FEES.—Registration service fees authorized by 

this section shall be available, in the aggregate, only to defray 

increases in the costs associated with the review and decisionmaking for the review of pesticide registration applications and 

associated tolerances (including increases in the number of fulltime equivalent positions in the Environmental Protection 

Agency engaged in those activities) over the costs for fiscal year

2002, excluding costs paid from fees appropriated for the fiscal 

year.

(4) COMPLIANCE.—The requirements of paragraph (2) shall 

have been considered to have been met for any fiscal year if the 

amount of appropriations for salaries, contracts, and expenses 

for the functions (as in existence in fiscal year 2002) of the Office of Pesticide Programs of the Environmental Protection 

Agency for the fiscal year (excluding the amount of any fees appropriated for the fiscal year) is not more than 3 percent below 

the amount of appropriations for covered functions for fiscal 

year 2002 (excluding the amount of any fees appropriated for 

the fiscal year).

(5) SUBSEQUENT AUTHORITY.—If the Administrator does not 

assess registration service fees under subsection (b) during any 

portion of a fiscal year as the result of paragraph (2) and is 

subsequently permitted to assess the fees under subsection (b) 

during the fiscal year, the Administrator shall assess and collect the fees, without any modification in rate, at any time during the fiscal year, notwithstanding any provisions of subsection (b) relating to the date fees are to be paid.

(e) REFORMS TO REDUCE DECISION TIME REVIEW PERIODS.—To 

the maximum extent practicable consistent with the degrees of risk
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Sec. 33 FIFRA 104

presented by pesticides and the type of review appropriate to evaluate risks, the Administrator shall identify and evaluate reforms to 

the pesticide registration process under this Act with the goal of reducing decision review periods in effect on the effective date of the 

Pesticide Registration Improvement Act of 2003 for pesticide registration actions for covered pesticide registration applications (including reduced risk applications).

(f) DECISION TIME REVIEW PERIODS.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the effective 

date of the Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act, 

the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a 

schedule of decision review periods for covered pesticide registration actions and corresponding registration service fees 

under this Act.

(2) REPORT.—The schedule shall be the same as the applicable schedule appearing in the Congressional Record on pages 

S10409 through S10411, dated July 31, 2007.

(3) APPLICATIONS SUBJECT TO DECISION TIME REVIEW PERIODS.—The decision time review periods specified in paragraph 

(1) shall apply to—

(A) covered pesticide registration applications subject 

to registration service fees under subsection (b)(2);

(B) covered pesticide registration applications for 

which an applicant has voluntarily paid registration service fees under subsection (b)(4); and

(C) covered pesticide registration applications listed in 

the Registration Division 2003 Work Plan of the Office of 

Pesticide Programs of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(4) START OF DECISION TIME REVIEW PERIOD.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraphs 

(C), (D), and (E), in the case of a pesticide registration application accompanied by the registration service fee required under this section, the decision time review period 

begins 21 days after the date on which the Administrator 

receives the covered pesticide registration application.

(B) COMPLETENESS OF APPLICATION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 21 days after receiving an application and the required registration 

service fee, the Administrator shall conduct an initial 

screening of the contents of the application in accordance with clause (iii).

(ii) REJECTION.—If the Administrator determines 

under clause (i) that the application does not pass the 

initial screening and cannot be corrected within the 21-

day period, the Administrator shall reject the application not later than 10 days after making the determination.

(iii) REQUIREMENTS OF SCREENING.—In conducting 

an initial screening of an application, the Administrator shall determine whether—

(I)(aa) the applicable registration service fee 

has been paid; or

(bb) at least 25 percent of the applicable registration service fee has been paid and the application contains a waiver or refund request for the
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105 FIFRA Sec. 33

outstanding amount and documentation establishing the basis for the waiverrequest; and

(II) the application contains all the necessary 

forms, data, and draft labeling, formatted in accordance with guidance published by the Administrator.

(C) APPLICATIONS WITH WAIVER OR REDUCTION REQUESTS.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an application submitted with a request for a waiver or reduction of registration service fees under subsection (b)(7), the decision time review period shall be determined in accordance with this subparagraph.

(ii) REQUEST GRANTED WITH NO ADDITIONAL FEES

REQUIRED.—If the Administrator grants the waiver or

reduction request and no additional fee is required, the

decision time review period begins on the earlier of—

(I) the date on which the Administrator grants

the request; or

(II) the date that is 60 days after the date of

receipt of the application.

(iii) REQUEST GRANTED WITH ADDITIONAL FEES REQUIRED.—If the Administrator grants the waiver or reduction request, in whole or in part, but an additional

registration service fee is required, the decision time

review period begins on the date on which the Administrator receives certification of payment of the applicable registration service fee.

(iv) REQUEST DENIED.—If the Administrator denies

the waiver or reduction request, the decision time review period begins on the date on which the Administrator receives certification of payment of the applicable registration service fee.

(D) PENDING APPLICATIONS.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The start of the decision time review period for applications described in clause (ii)

shall be the date on which the Administrator receives

certification of payment of the applicable registration

service fee.

(ii) APPLICATIONS.—Clause (i) applies to—

(I) covered pesticide registration applications

for which voluntary fees have been paid under

subsection (b)(4); and

(II) covered pesticide registration applications

received on or after the effective date of the Pesticide Registration Improvement Act of 2003 but

submitted without the applicable registration service fee required under this section due to the inability of the Administrator to assess fees under

subsection (d)(1).

(E) 2003 WORK PLAN.—In the case of a covered pesticide registration application listed in the Registration Division 2003 Work Plan of the Office of Pesticide Programs

of the Environmental Protection Agency, the decision time

review period begins on the date that is 30 days after the
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Sec. 33 FIFRA 106

effective date of the Pesticide Registration Improvement

Act of 2003.

(5) EXTENSION OF DECISION TIME REVIEW PERIOD.—The Administrator and the applicant may mutually agree in writing to

extend a decision time review period under this subsection.

(g) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Any applicant adversely affected by the

failure of the Administrator to make a determination on the application of the applicant for registration of a new active ingredient or new use for which a registration service fee is paid

under this section may obtain judicial review of the failure solely under this section.

(2) SCOPE.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—In an action brought under this subsection, the only issue on review is whether the Administrator failed to make a determination on the application

specified in paragraph (1) by the end of the applicable decision time review period required under subsection (f) for

the application.

(B) OTHER ACTIONS.—No other action authorized or required under this section shall be judicially reviewable by

a Federal or State court.

(3) TIMING.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—A person may not obtain judicial review of the failure of the Administrator to make a determination on the application specified in paragraph (1) before the expiration of the 2-year period that begins on the

date on which the decision time review period for the application ends.

(B) MEETING WITH ADMINISTRATOR.—To be eligible to

seek judicial review under this subsection, a person seeking the review shall first request in writing, at least 120

days before filing the complaint for judicial review, a decision review meeting with the Administrator.

(4) REMEDIES.—The Administrator may not be required or

permitted to refund any portion of a registration service fee

paid in response to a complaint that the Administrator has

failed to make a determination on the covered pesticide registration application specified in paragraph (1) by the end of

the applicable decision review period.

(h) ACCOUNTING.—The Administrator shall—

(1) provide an annual accounting of the registration service

fees paid to the Administrator and disbursed from the Fund, by

providing financial statements in accordance with—

(A) the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (Public

Law 101–576; 104 Stat. 2838) and amendments made by

that Act; and

(B) the Government Management Reform Act of 1994

(Public Law 103–356; 108 Stat. 3410) and amendments

made by that Act;

(2) provide an accounting describing expenditures from the

Fund authorized under subsection (c); and

(3) provide an annual accounting describing collections and

expenditures authorized under subsection (d).

(i) AUDITING.—
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107 FIFRA Sec. 33

(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF AGENCIES.—For the purpose 

of section 3515(c) of title 31, United States Code, the Fund 

shall be considered a component of an executive agency.

(2) COMPONENTS.—The annual audit required under sections 3515(b) and 3521 of that title of the financialstatements 

of activities under this section shall include an analysis of—

(A) the fees collected under subsection (b) and disbursed;

(B) compliance with subsection (f);

(C) the amount appropriated to meet the requirements

of subsection (d)(1); and

(D) the reasonableness of the allocation of the overhead allocation of costs associated with the review and decisionmaking pertaining to applications under this section.

(3) INSPECTOR GENERAL.—The Inspector General of the Environmental Protection Agency shall—

(A) conduct the annual audit required under this subsection; and

(B) report the findings and recommendations of the

audit to the Administrator and to the appropriate committees of Congress.

(j) PERSONNEL LEVELS.—Allfull-time equivalent positions supported by fees authorized and collected under this section shall not

be counted against the agency-wide personnel level goals of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(k) REPORTS.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than March 1, 2005, and each

March 1 thereafter through March 1, 2014, the Administrator

shall publish an annual report describing actions taken under

this section.

(2) CONTENTS.—The report shall include—

(A) a review of the progress made in carrying out each

requirement of subsections (e) and (f), including—

(i) the number of applications reviewed, including

the decision times for each application specified in subsection (f);

(ii) the number of label amendments that have

been reviewed using electronic means;

(iii) the amount of money from the Reregistration

and Expedited Processing Fund used to carry out inert

ingredient review and review of similar applications

under section 4(k)(3);

(iv) the number of applications completed for identical or substantially similar applications under section

3(c)(3)(B), including the number of such applications

completed within 90 days pursuant to that section;

(v) the number of actions pending in each category

of actions described in subsection (f)(3), as well as the

number of inert ingredients;

(vi) to the extent determined appropriate by the

Administrator and consistent with the authorities of

the Administrator and limitations on delegation of

functions by the Administrator, recommendations for—

(I) expanding the use of self-certification in all

appropriate areas of the registration process;
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Sec. 33 FIFRA 108

(II) providing for accreditation of outside reviewers and the use of outside reviewers to conduct the review of major portions of applications; 

(III) reviewing the scope of use of the notification process to cover broader categories of registration actions;

(IV) providing for electronic submission and

review of labels, including process improvements 

to further enhance the procedures used in electronic label review; and

(V) the allowance and use of summaries of 

acute toxicity studies; and

(vii) the use of performance-based contracts, other 

contracts, and procurement to ensure that—

(I) the goals of this Act for the timely review 

of applications for registration are met; and

(II) the registration program is administered 

in the most productive and cost effective manner 

practicable;

(B) a description of the staffing and resources relating 

to the costs associated with the review and decisionmaking 

pertaining to applications;

(C) a review of the progress in meeting the timeline requirements of section 4(g);

(D) a review of the progress in carrying out section

3(g), including—

(i) the number of pesticides or pesticide cases reviewed;

(ii) a description of the staffing and resources relating to the costs associated with the review and decision making relating to reregistration and registration 

review for compliance with the deadlines specified in 

this Act;

(iii) to the extent determined appropriate by the 

Administrator and consistent with the authorities of 

the Administrator and limitations on delegation of 

functions by the Administrator, recommendations for—

(I) process improvements in the handling of

registration review under section 3(g);

(II) providing for accreditation of outside reviewers and the use of outside reviewers in the 

registration review process; and

(III) streamlining the registration review process, consistent with section 3(g);

(E) a review of the progress in meeting the timeline requirements for the review of antimicrobial pesticide products under section 3(h); and

(F) a review of the progress in carrying out the review 

of inert ingredients, including the number of applications 

pending, the number of new applications, the number of 

applications reviewed, staffing, and resources devoted to 

the review of inert ingredients and recommendations to improve the timeliness of review of inert ingredients.

(3) METHOD.—The Administrator shall publish a report required by this subsection by such method as the Administrator 

determines to be the most effective for efficiently disseminating
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109 FIFRA Sec. 35

the report, including publication of the report on the Internet 

site of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(l) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in this section affects any other 

duties, obligations, or authorities established by any other section 

of this Act, including the right to judicial review of duties, obligations, or authorities established by any other section of this Act.

(m) TERMINATION OF EFFECTIVENESS.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 

authority provided by this section terminates on September 30,

2012.

(2) PHASE OUT.—

(A) FISCAL YEAR 2013.—During fiscal year 2013, the requirement to pay and collect registration service fees applies, except that the level of registration service fees payable under this section shall be reduced 40 percent below 

the level in effect on September 30, 2012.

(B) FISCAL YEAR 2014.—During fiscal year 2014, the requirement to pay and collect registration service fees applies, except that the level of registration service fees payable under this section shall be reduced 70 percent below 

the level in effect on September 30, 2012.

(C) SEPTEMBER 30, 2014.—Effective September 30, 2014, 

the requirement to pay and collect registration service fees 

terminates.

(D) DECISION REVIEW PERIODS.—

(i) PENDING APPLICATIONS.—In the case of an application received under this section before September

30, 2012, the application shall be reviewed in accordance with subsection (f).

(ii) NEW APPLICATIONS.—In the case of an application received under this section on or after September

30, 2012, subsection (f) shall not apply to the application.

SEC. 34. ø7 U.S.C. 136x¿ SEVERABILITY.

If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any 

person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect 

other provisions or applications of this Act which can be given effect 

without regard to the invalid provision or application, and to this 

end the provisions of this Act are severable.

SEC. 35. ø7 U.S.C. 136y¿ AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS.

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act

(other than section 23(a))—

(1) $83,000,000 for fiscal year 1989, of which not more than

$13,735,500 shall be available for research under this Act;

(2) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 1990, of which not more than

$14,343,600 shall be available for research under this Act; and

(3) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, of which not more than

$14,978,200 shall be available for research under this Act.