H. Res. 668 

In the House of Representatives, U. S., 

September 24, 2007. 

Whereas on May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court 

announced in Brown v. Board of Education (347 U.S. 

483) that, ‘‘in the field of education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place’’; 

Whereas the Brown decision recognized as a matter of law 

that the segregation of public schools deprived students 

of the equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth 

Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; 

Whereas in 1957, three years after the landmark Brown v. 

Board of Education decision, the promise of access and 

equality within the realm of education remained unfilled 

in Little Rock, Arkansas, and throughout the Nation; 

Whereas on September 4, 1957, nine African American students who would later be deemed the Little Rock Nine, 

Minnijean Brown, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, 

Thelma Mothershed, Melba Pattillo, Gloria Ray, Terrence 

Roberts, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls, were denied admittance to Little Rock Central High by the Arkansas National Guard at the order of the Arkansas Governor; 

Whereas on September 23, 1957, the Little Rock Nine, 

armed with a Federal court order, again tried to attend 
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Little Rock Central High and implement the law of the 

land, but protests and violence forced the group of students to leave the school; 

Whereas on September 25, 1957, this Nation would realize 

a historic day when the Little Rock Nine, escorted by 

Federal troops at the order of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, successfully integrated Little Rock Central 

High; 

Whereas throughout their tenure at Little Rock Central 

High, the Little Rock Nine, with conviction and dignity, 

championed school integration despite death threats, 

verbal and physical assaults, school closings, and other 

adversities; 

Whereas the Little Rock Nine are symbolic of the victorious 

dismantling of school segregation, as well as the full and 

equal participation in American society that all citizens 

are entitled to, and continue to advance such principles 

through the Little Rock Nine Foundation; 

Whereas the significance of the Little Rock Nine and their 

actions have been acknowledged with numerous awards 

and recognitions, including the 2007 Little Rock Central 

High School Desegregation 50th Anniversary Commemorative Coin, the Congressional Gold Medal in 1999, the 

inclusion of Little Rock Central High School in the National Park System in 1998, and the designation of Little 

Rock Central High School as a National Historic Landmark in 1982; 

Whereas on the 50th anniversary of the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School by the Little Rock Nine, 

the Nation will celebrate this great civil rights achievement through forums and town halls, commemorations, 
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and significantly, the dedication of a permanent Little 

Rock Central High School Museum and Visitor Center; 

and 

Whereas in 2007, as the Little Rock Nine and the entire Nation celebrates 50 years of integration, we must acknowledge recent setbacks to the guarantee of opportunity and 

inclusion within our educational system, in both K–12 

and higher education: Now, therefore, be it 

Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 

(1) acknowledges and commemorates the 50th anniversary of the desegregation of Little Rock Central High 

School by the Little Rock Nine; 

(2) encourages all Americans, upon this 50th anniversary, to recognize the historic contributions of the 

Little Rock Nine, who not only secured integration for 

Little Rock Central High School, but hundreds of thousands of schools across the country; and 

(3) commits itself, in the wake of recent challenges, 

to continuing the legacy of Brown v. Board of Education 

and the Little Rock Nine by protecting and advancing 

equal educational opportunity for all. 

Attest: 

Clerk.