Bulletin No. 292 Series C, Systematic Geology and Paleontology, 78 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

I 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALOOTT, DIRECTOR 

THE 

BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF TI-I-E 

·ROCHESTER SHALE 

BY 

j 

R,A Y S. BASSLER 

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Introduction_· ____ ___________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 

General distribution of Silurian Bryozoa.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 

General discussion of the Rochester shale and its Bryozoan fauna. ________ ~ _ - _ - - - 2 

Collecting in the Rochester shale. ___________________________________________ ~ 4 

Correlation ____________________________ . __ · ________________________ .? __ - _ - - - - - 5 

Bibliography ___________________ -- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 

Descriptions of genera and species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 

Orde\ Ctenostomata. ________________ _______ ____________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 

Rhopalonariidre ___________________________________ · _____________ ·- _ _ 11 

Vinellidre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 

Ascodictyonidre. _____________________________________________ ·- _ _ _ _ _ 14 . . I Order Cyclostomata. ___ ·_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 

Diastoporidre. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 

Entalophoridre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 

Ceramoporidre. _____________________ "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 

Fistullporidre. ________________________________ : _._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ 22 

Order Trepostomata _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 

Monticuliporidre ___ ·_ . _________________________ : ________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 

Heterotrypidre ________________ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

Batostomellidre. ___________________ . __ ·_ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 

Amplexoporidre _ · _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 

Constellariidre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 

Calloporidre ____________ ___ I" _____________________ ___ _____ • _____ : _ _ _ _ 40 

Trematoporidre. _______________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 

Order Cryptostomata. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 

Phylloporinidre. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 

Fenestellidre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 

Ptilodictyonidre. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 

Stictoporellidre __ ___ _____ ____ ____________________________ .

7 

________ - 57 

Rhinidictyonidre. ______ : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 

Rhabdomesontidre ____________________________________________ ~ _. _ _ _ 58 

Arthrostylidre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 

Rhinoporidre ~ ______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 

Synonymic Jist of species. ______ . ________________________________ . ________ . _ . 63 

Plates .. _ . ___ . ____ . _ . _ . ______ __ _____________________ · _______ .. _____ _______ . 67 

Index . __ . __ .. _ . . - _ .. ___ . _ . _____ ..... _ . _ . _ ....... _· ........ _ . __ .. ___________ . 135 

III 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PLATE I. Upper Falls of Genesee River, Rochester, Monroe County, N. Y _______ _ 

II. Niagara Gorge below the Suspension Bridge, Niagara County, N.Y.'; view 

from the Canadian side __ ______________ ~ _______________________ _ 

III. View of a slab, X 1.4, showing assemblage of species. ________________ _ 

IV. Figs. 1, Vinella~ multiradiata Ulrich and Bassler; 2, 3, Vinella radiciformis (Vine); 4, 5, Rhopalonaria attenuata Ulrich and Bassler; 6--8, 

Ascodictyon siluriense Vine; 9, Allonema waldronense , Ulrich and 

Bassler; 10-14, Stomatopora elongata (Vine); 15-19, Stomatopora dissimilis Vine __________________________ _________________________ _ 

V. Figs. 1-5, Berenicea consimilis (Lonsdale); 6, 7, Diploclema sparsum 

(Hall); 8, 9, Diploclema sparsum argutum n. var.; 10-12, Mitoclema 

sarlei n. sp. ______________ / ___________________ · __ ~ _______________ _ 

VI. Figs. 1-10, Ceramopora imbricata Hall; 11-13, Ceramopora niagarensis n. sp . ______ ___________________ __________________________ _____ _ 

VII. Figs. 1-3, Fistulipora lockportensis n. sp.; 4-6, Fistulipora laminata 

(Hall); 7-10, Fistulipora crustula n. sp.; 11-15, Fistulipora tuberculosa (Hall) ____________________________________________________ _ 

'VIII. Figs. 1-4, Spatiopora maculata (Hall); 5, 6, Meekopora foliacea (Hall); 

7, 8, Fistulipora tuberculosa (Hall); 9, 10, Fistulipora laminata Hall; 

. 11-15, Chilotrypa ostiolata (Hall); 16, 17, Fistulipora crustula n. sp. _ 

IX. Figs. 1-4, Chilotrypa ostiolata (Hall); 5, 6, Meekopora foliacea (Hall); 

7-9, Ceramoporella irregularis n. sp.; 10, 11, Spatiopora ~aculata 

(Hall); 12-15, Ceramoporella orbiculata (Ringueberg) ______________ _ 

X. Figs. 1-4, Mesotrypa nummiformis (Hall); 5-8, Orbignyella magnopora 

n. sp.; 13-16, Rhombotrypa spinulifera n. sp. _____________________ _ 

XL Figs. 1-3, Lioclema asperum Hall; 4-6, Lioclema multiporum n. sp.; 7-10, 

Lioclemella maccombi n. sp.; 11-13, Lioclema ramulosum n. sp.; 14, 15, 

Eridotrypa nodulosa n. sp __________________ . _____________________ . 

XII. Figs. 1-3, Eridotrypa spinosa n. sp.; 4-6, Eridotrypa striata (Hall); 7-9, 

Eridotrypa solida (Hall); 10-14, Eridotrypa similis n. sp ___________ _ 

XIII. Figs. 1-5, Batostomella granulifera (Hall); 6, 7, Bythopora spinulosa 

(Hall); 8-10, Lioclema explanatum n. sp.; 11-14, Lioclema circinctum 

n. sp.; 15, 16, Trematopora tuberculosa HalL ______ ~ ______________ _ 

XIV. Figs. 1-5, Diplotrypa walkeri n. sp.; 6-9, StigmateUa globata n. sp.; 

10, ll,Nicholsonella florida (Hall); 12, 13, Nicholsonella ringuebergi 

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90 

n. sp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 

XV. Figs. 1-8, Callopora magnopora Foerste; 9-12, Callopora clausa n. sp_ _ _ 94 

XVI. Figs. 1-5, Monotrypa osgoodensis n. sp.; 6--9, Monotrypa benjamini n. sp.; 

10-13, Monotrypa pediculata n. sp. ___________________________ c _ _ _ 96 

XVII. Figs. 1-3, Trematopora tuberculosa Hall; 4-10, Idiotrypa punctata 

(Hall); 11-15, Callopora elegantula HalL__________________________ 98 

XVIII. Figs. 1-5, Phylloporina asperato-striata (Hall); 6-9, Pseudohornera diffusa (Hall); 10, Nematopora minuta (Hall); 11, 12, Pachydictya crassa 

(Hall); 13-16, Loculipora ambigua (Hall); 17-19, Thamniscus dichotomus (Hall); 20, Pseudohorn~ra niagarensis (Hall) _________ .... ____ 100 

IV 
ILLU~RATIONS. 

PLATE XIX. Figs. 1, 2, Fenestella efegans Hall; 3-5, Fenestella crib~osa Hall; 

6, 7, Semicoscinium t enuiceps (Hall) ; 8-13, Polypora ineepta Hall; 

v 

Page. 

14-16, Pseudohornera niagarensis (Hall) . __ _____ . _. _ ... _. _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 

XX. Figs. 1-4, Clathropora alcicornis Hall; 5-11, Clathropora frondosa 

Hall, and var. interniedia N. & H ____ . _ :. _____ . _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 

XXI. l!~ig. 1, Loculipora ambigua (Hall); 2, Loculipora ulrichi n. sp.; 3-5, 

Acanthoclema asperum (Hall); 6, · 7, Clathropora frondosa Hall; 

8-11, Nematopora minuta (Hall); 12, 13, Diamesopora dichotoma 

Hall; 14-16, Pachydictya crassa (Hall) ; 17-19, Phrenopora fimbriata canadensis n. var.; 20, Phrenopora fimbriata James_.________ 106 

XXII. Figs. 1-6, Lichenalia concentrica Hall; 7-11, Stictotrypa punctipora 

(Hall); 12, 13 ~ Rhinopora curvata Ringuebeti. _ .. _ . __ .. __ .... _ _ 110 

XXIII. Figs. 1-3, Pseudohornera diffusa (Hall); 4-6, Diploclema sparsum 

(Hall); 7-9, Rhinopora verrucosa Hall; 10-13, Creloclema cavernosa n. sp.; 14, Fistulipora _tuberculosa Hall; 15, Fistulipora crustula n. sp.; 16, 17, Trematopora whitfieldi Ulrich; 18i Lioclema 

multiporum n. sp.; 19-22, Lioclema peculiare n. sp. __ . __ . ____ . _ _ 112 

XXIV. Figs. 1, 2, Nicholsonella florida (Hall); 3- 6, Eridotrypa striata 

(Hall); 7-9, Acanthoclema asperum (Hall); 10, 11, Batostomella 

granulifera (Hall); 12, 13, Bythopora spinulosa (Hall) ; 14-16, Lioclema asperum (Hall); 17-19, Idiotrypa punctata (Hall); 20-23, 

Eridotrypa solida (Hall); 24, 25, Ptiloporella nervata (Nicholson); 

26, 27, Stictotrypa punctipora (Hall); 28-30, Diamesopora dichotoma Hall ... _ .. _ .. _____________ .. _ .. _ . _ . _ .. ___ . __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 

XXV. Figs. 1-3, Eridotrypa nodulosa n. sp.; 4, Diplotrypa walkeri n. sp.; 

5-7, Lioclemella maccombi n. sp.; 8, Trematopora tuberculosa Hall; 

9, 10, Lioclema ram~losum n. sp. ; 11, 12, Batostomella granulifera 

(Hall); 13, Lioclema peculiare n. sp.; 14, Eridotrypa striata (Hall); 

15, Eridotrypa spinosa n. sp.; 16, Eridotrypa solida (Hall); 17-20, 

Acanthoclema asperum (Hall); 21, Rhombotrypa spinulifera n. sp.; 

22-241 Loculipora ulrichi n. sp __ . _. ___ ______ . _. __ . _ .. __ ___ . _ 120 

XXVI. Figs. 1, 2, Eridotrypa similis n. sp.; 3, Callopora maghopora Foerste; 

4, Lioclema explanatum n. sp.; 5, 6, Ptiloporella nervata (Nicholson); 7-10, Lichenalia concentrica Hall; ·11, Monotrypa benjamini 

n. sp.; 12, Callopora elegantula HalL_ ... _____ ... ____________ . . 124 

XXVII. Figs. 1-7, Thamniscus dichotomus (Hall); 8, 9, Phrenopora ensiformis 

Hall; 10-13, Treniodictya schucherti n. sp.; 14, 15, Trematopora 

spiculata Hall; 16, 17, Trematopora whitfieldi Ulrich; 18, 19, 

Lioclema globulare n. sp.; 20, Lioclema multiporum n. sp .... _ _ _ _ 126 

XXVIII. Slab showing abundance of Bryozoan remains .. _ ..... ~ . _ ........ _ 128 

XXIX. Portion of slab shown on Pl. XXVIII, magnified. _. _ ... "'· ...... _ _ _ 130 

XXX. View of fragment of a thin limestone layer, magnified two diameters. 132 

XXXI. Portion of surface of slab, magnified about two diameters, showing 

fenestellids ...••••••••.••••••..•••••.•..•.•••.••...•....... _ 134 
• 

•. 
THE BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE 

ROCHES'rER SHALE.a 

By RAY S. BASSLER. 

INTRODUCTION. 

As compared with the other Paleozoic systems affording bryozoa, the Silurian, with the 

exception of the Helderbergian b group, has received least attention. Ulrich has elucidated 

the bryozoa of the Ordovici~n and Carboniferous systems particularly in several important 

monographs, while Hall and Simpson have summed up their papers on this olttss in Volume 

VI of the Paleontology of New York, where they have given a comprehensive idea of the 

many beautiful forms found in the Devonian. However, it can not be said that the bryozoa 

of any of the Silurian formations have been totally neglected, as a number of publications 

touch on them. Still, few authors have attempted to work out a fauna in det11-il. As 

early as 1852 Professor Hall published fairly complete accounts of the faunas of the Clinton 

and Niagara of New York, and in 1876 he gave descriptions and figures of the fine assemblage of species found at the noted Niagaran locality, Waldron, Ind. . The bryozoa, as well 

as the o-ther classes, were well represented in these faunas, but, on account of the inadequate 

methods then used in discriminating specific and generic types, Professor Hall's work needs 

revision. 

Instead of reviewing the Silurian faunas in their geologic order, a study of the species of 

the Rochester shale has been undertaken first, because the most complete collections that 

the writer has had the opportunity of stuQ.ying_ are from this formation. Since the number 

of species here is also apparently larger than in any other Silurian horizon, this paper cari 

be used as the basis for comparative remarks in future articles. 

Through the kindness of Mr. B. E. Walker, of Toronto, Canada, the writer has been 

"enabled to s~udy the collection made in the vicinity of Grimsby, Ontario, by the late Mr. -

Pettit. This is a most excellent collection of fossils from the Rochester shale and contains 

several of the types figured in this paper. A fi,ne collection from Rochester, N. Y., was 

loaned by Mr. Z. F. Westervelt. Mr. Clifton J: Sar~e presented a good series of bryozoa 

from the same region. Dr. A. W. Grabau loaned all of the mat erial collected by him during 

his study of the Niagara region. · Prof. R. P. Whitfield loaned the Hall types in the American Museum of Natural History. Prof. J. F. Whiteaves sent "many Canadian specimens 

for examination. To all these gentlemen the writer wishes to express his obligations for 

their generous help. The paleontologic collections of the United StatesNational Museum 

are rich in Niagara bryozoa and contain, with a few exceptions, all of the material described 

and figured here. These collections ;,ere-made at various times by Mr. G. T. McComb, of 

L<;>ckport, N. Y.; Messrs. E. 0. Ulrich, H. E. Dickhaut, and J. M. Nickles, of the United 

States Geological Survey; Prof. Charles Schuchert, of Yale University; and the writer. 

a Published by permission of the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. · b Throughout this paper the group names used follow the New York classification recently proposed by Messrs. Clarke and Schuchert, although these tenus have not been officially adopted by the 

United States Geological Survey. 

1 
• 

2 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Unless otherwise designated, the photographs illustrating this paper were made in the 

laboratory of the United States National Museum and the drawings are the work of the 

writer. 

From the amount of material studied, the bryozoan fauna of these shales is believed to 

be represented here with some degree of completeness. · 

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF SILURIAN BRYOZOA. 

The Silurian bryozoa as a whole have a facies quite distinct from the preceding and succeeding systems. When they are compared with the Ordovician types~ the noticeable 

features are the predominance of the Cryptostomata and the .decline of the Trepostomata. 

The Cyclostomata continue to hold their own, while the Ctenostomata and Chilostomata, 

as in all the other Paleozoic systems, have few . representatives. In the Devonian the 

Cryptostomata still predominate, the Cyclostomata have been greatly augmented by species 

of the Fistuliporidre, and the Trepostomata, still further reduced in number of species, are 

represented mainly by genera of the long-enduring Batostomellidre. 

Conditions during Oswegan times :were in general so unfavorable for the preservation 

of fossils that it is not surprising that few bryozoa are,.. known from these rocks. The same 

conditions, with a ·slight modification, existed in the Medina, where, however, a small 

. bryozoan fauna is known but is as yet unpublished. This consists of a few species of 

Trepostomata and Cryptostomata which have been found in the more calcareous strata 

of the formation. 

The Clinton and Rochester divisions of the Niagaran group afford species and specimens 

of this class in great abundance, but in the succeeding Lockport and Guelph divisions the 

bryozoa are comparatively rare. In New York and Ontario the thin limestone layers of 

the Clinton ~re often crowded with Helopora fragilis and several species of Phtenopora, 

these being the characteristic bryozoa in this region. In Ohio the Clinton beds contain a 

considerable number of species, but the predominating forms are Rhinopora verrucosa, 

species of Pa.chydictya and Phtenopora, and a few large ramose Trepostomata, some of 

which seem to be wanting in the East. The unusual development of the genus Phtenopora 

is the striking feature of Clinton time. During the deposition of the Rochester shale, ideal 

conditions for the development of bryozoa seem to have been reached. Near the middle 

part of this formation occurs a stratum several feet in thickness that is literally one mass 

of fragments of these organisms. The correlation of these shales with the Osgood beds 

in the Indiana Niagaran section and their faunal similarity to the Buildwas beds of the 

Wenlock of England is dM>cussed later in this paper. As already stated, bryozoa are 

apparently rarely found in the Lockport and Guelph divisions of the Niagaran. 

The Salina and Rondout (Bertie) formations of the Cayugan group were deposited under 

conditions unsuited to bryozoan life. During the time of the last formation of this group, 

the Manlius, conditions more favorable to the life of the class returned, a fauna of fifteen or 

twenty species being known. This will be described by Mr. E. 0. Ulrich and the writer in 

a forthcoming volume of the Maryland Geological Survey. 

The various formations of the Heftlerberg again, especially the New Scotland, are rich 

in bryozoa. Most of these have been d.escri bed and illustrated by Hall and Simpson in 

Volume VI of the Paleontology of New York. Although this series of rocks is referred by 

some authors to the Devonian, the similarity of its bryozoan fauna to that of the Niagaran 

is so great that the writer can not see that its position should be other than in the Silurian. 

GENERAL DISCUSSION OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE AND ITS 

BRYOZOAN FAUNA. 

Succeeding the Clinton in western New York and Ontario is a shale, which on account of 

its prominence along Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y ., was termed the Rochester shale. 

In the Niagara region this shale has a thickness of about 70 feet and is divisible into a lower 

and an upper half. The lower half is generally highly fossiliferous and contains .numerous 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. I 

UPPER FALLS OF GENESEE RIVER, ROCHESTER, N. Y. 

Photograph by Webster & Albee. 

Published by permission of New York State Museum . 

• 
"· 
GENERAL DISCUSSION. 

limestone bands, especially toward the top, which is formed by a bed · about 4 feet thick 

that is extremely rich in bryozoa. This bed has afforded most of the bryozoa described in 

this paper. The limestone layers are often composed almost entirely of fragmentary bryozoa . 

cemented together. The upper division of the shales is less calcareous and much less fossiliferous than the lower. It also contains a very different fauna, the prevailing species 

being pelecyp~ds, ostracods, and trilobites. Toward the top of this division fossils become 

still rarer and seem to disappear altogether as the basal layers of the overlying Lockport 

dolomite are reached. 

Since the publication in 1852 of Volume II of the Paleontology of New York, the bryozoa 

of the Rochester shale have received little attention. Ati that time Professor Hall described 

a large number of species from the classic locality, Lockport, N. Y. This work was remarkably well done for that date and the methods of study then followed. In the majority of 

instances the student has little difficulty in identifying the various species. About a third 

of a century later Mr. E. N. S. Ringueberg added a few new species to the described fauna. 

These two men are the authors of practically all the forms so far described as originally 

from this shale. However, neither of them· studied the ~nternal characters of their speCies -

nor gave definite measurements to any extent, and since the-correct generic identification 

depends on internal rather than external features further work on the fauna is desinible. 

It is, therefore, the object of this paperto figure and describe the known species, as well as 

new forms, using modern methods of description. 

The Niagara escarpment of western New York and Ont~rio furnishes numerous localities 

where natural e:x;posures show the fossiliferous shale. In the vicinity of Lockport, N. Y., 

the two" gulfs," which indent the escarpment, afford excellent collecting ground, and here, 

especially in the vicinity of the Erie Canal, much of the ma1ierial on which this paper is based 

was procured. Especially fine slabs and washings ";ere obtained in the vicinity of. the pulp 

mills along the Erie.Canal. The beautiful preservation and the variety of specimens upon 

these slabs are brought out in PI~. XXVIII to XXX. At Lockport a~d localities in western New York in general, the specimens weather out in an excellent state of preservation, so 

far as external characters are concerned, but on account of the presence of iron pyrites in 

the shales the internal features are sometimes destroyed. 

At Rochester, N. Y ., the type locality of the shale, a different style of preservation 

obtains. In the examples found here the internal features are sometimes obscured by a 

slight silicification, and caustic potash must be used freely on the specimens to remove the 

clay, which often obscures the exterior features. Washings containing many or good free 

. specimens are seldom to be found at Rochester, and the thin limestone layers, although 

containing numerous fossils; are generally so covered with a hard clay that caustic potash is 

necessary to expose them. At Middleport, N. Y ., the limestone layers are sometimes made 

up almost exclusively of fragmentary bryozoa in an excellent state of preservation, as is 

shown by the small slab figured in PI. 111. 

In the Niagara Gorge a the banks and railroad cuts afford a few good exposures, where 

the bryozoa-bearing shale is well ex'posed, and as a result a considerable number of species 

may be found. Here the preservation is essentially the same as at Lockport. The Silurian sectiop. is best seen on the American side along the cuts of the New York Central and 

.fludson River Railroad. The strata dip southward, while the railroad rises in the same 

direction, with the result that the various formations are crossed in ascending order going 

toward the Falls. In making the railroad cut, several mounds were left which now form 

good collecting ground. One of these mounds is on a level with. the bryozoan bed, and here 

numerous specimens may be had. At most places along the gorge, however, the Rochester 

shale, although well exposed, is inaccessible, as is shown in Pl. II, facing page 4. 

In Ontario the principal localities from which bryo~oa were obtained for study are 

Grimsby, Hamilton, and Thorold. Here the Rochester shales become sorriewhat sandy 

a The geology of this vicinity has been well described and illu rated by Doctor Grabau iri' his "Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of Niagara FaLls and Vicinity' ' (Bull. New York: State Museum, No. 45, 1901), to which the reader is reterred for a mere complete discussion. 
4 BRYOZOAN FA trN A. OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

and the surface characters of the fossils are not so well preserved. However, this is compensated for by the excellent preservation of their internal features. A considerable faulli\ 

was determined from the extensive collections made by Mr. Pettit at Grimsby, Ontario. 

COLLECTING IN THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

The Rochester shale affords ideal localities for collecting by the process of washing. 

The shale immediately above or below the fossiliferous limestone bands almost invariably 

on washing yields free specimens of the species found upon the slabs. Still better results 

are obtained if the fossiliferous limestone layer be traced until it changes into a marl or clay, 

as often happens, for here the fossils ordinarily helping to make up the limestone are more 

complete; and being uncemented can be washed out free. Careful selection of clay from such 

marly pockets or from above or below unusually rich limestone layers will yield excellent 

fossils and save time in the picking out of the specimens after the material has been washed. 

In washing fossiliferous shale the writer has found that the best method to obtain the 

specimens in as perfect condition as possible is first to spread out the materis.

1 ...n.d expose 

it to the sun for a day or more. When the clays have been weathered in the :field, this, of 

course, is unnecessary. Such an exposure slakes the· clay, allows the specimens to dry, and 

thus become less liable to break, and, moreover, causes the clay to disintegrate more readiiy. 

Then if the marl or clay be allowed to soak for a day, the final washing is a short and simple 

matter, consisting merely in allowing clear water to run over the material until the water 

passes through without becoming discolored. After the residue has dried, sifting the 

material into several grades of fineness will aid in assorting the specimens. This method 

of washing has the advantage of reducing the breaking of the specimens to a minimum, for 

in the ordinary process the shaking required to hasten the disintegration of the clay breaks 

or otherwise injures' the more delicate fossils. 

After washing a sample of fossiliferous Rochester shale it will be found to ~onsist almost 

entirely of fossil remains. The coa~e material is composed largely of fragmentary or entire 

specimens of brachiopods, crinoidal remains, and ramose or massive bryozoa. In searching 

for bryozoa, the fragmentary brachiopods and crinoidal remains should be carefully examined, for they are often incrusted by delicate, parasitic species, especially of the Ctenostomata. In washings from certain localities near Lockport, one out of every three or four 

fragments of Spirifer niagarensis was incrusted by the unique bryozoan Rhopalonaria 

attenuata. The finer material usually shows an abundance of the small ramose and fenestrated bryozoa and ·of young specimens of brachiopods, while the finest siftings afford 

ostracods and other microscopic organisms. 

In England the str.at11 corresponding to the Rochester have been thoroughly searched for 

fossils by washing, and a lal'ge and interesting fauna is the result. Unfortunately little has 

been published concerning the bryozoa obtained from these washings, but the numerous 

03tracods described by Jones and Roll and the brachiopods described by Davidson show the 

value of this method of collecting. }f,Ir. Maw's washings are well known to every student 

of the Wenlock. Over 20 tons of these shales were washed by him for fossils. The number 

of specimens picked out ran into the thousands for some of the species. . The Rochester 

shale compares qcite as favorably in this respect, since from the resid~e of 50 pounds of 

shale so treated the writer picked ou~ over 5,000 specimens of the bryozoan Ohilotrypa 

ostiolata, while other small ramose species, such as Acanthoclema asperum and Batostomella 

granulifera would be found to occur in. the same abundance if one should take the trouble 

to assort all of the specimens. If 20 tons of this shale were washed, the specimens of at 

least some of these species would have to be recorded.by quantity rather than by number. 

Sometimes the fossils of the Rochester are confined entirely to the limy layers. In this 

case if free specimens are desired many of them may be detached from the slabs without 

injury by means of caustic potash. Entire zoaria, or even average specimens of such fragile 

forms as t.he Phylloporinidre or Fenestellidre, can be had only on slabs of limestone or shale. 

The washings will yield srq.all, clean fragments of these for study, but no large, showy 

examples for exhibition. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. II 

NIAGARA GORGE BELOW THE SUSPENSION BRIDGE, NIAGARA COUNTY, N. Y. 

From the Canadian side. Photograph by I. P. Bishop. 

Published by permission of New York State Museum. 
BRY Z N F 

For Yariou . 

• ' i»gnran with :tru.tu. of tbc urn 

l ndiana , 1 ntucky, T Pnn 

formation :££ 

5. L ui. Yill' liml'ston<'. 

4 

3. Laur lliml'. tone. 

1. 

F 'l'TIR R HE TER HALE . 5 

CORRE LATION. 

ighth Ann. Rept. Indiana Dept. eol. Nat. Res., 1904. 
BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

The following list of Rochester shale species, showing their distribution, indic&tes th{l 

iden,tity of forms in the two are:s: 

Al]jha~et~c list of bryozoa in Rochester shale, showing range and comparative abundanc::. 

[r=rare; u=uncommon; c..;commo~ 

Western Osgood Waldron New Ontario. beds, beds, 

York. Indiana. Indiana. 

--------------------------------------------1-------------------------

Acanthoclema asperum (Hall) .. . ·........ _ . _ .... . . .......... . 

Allonema waldronense Ulrich and Bassler .......... . ... ... .. . 

Ascodictyon siluriense Vine ........................ ... . . ...... . 

Batostomella gran?lifera (Hall) .... .. .. __ .. __ .... _ .. :.:· .... . 

Berenicea consimilis (L_onsdale) .... _ .... . . _. _ ...... _ ........ . 

Bythopora spinulosa (Hall) .... _ ..... _ ... _ .................. . 

Callopora clausa n. sp ...... _ ... _ ..... . _ .................... . 

Callopora elegantula Hall ... . _ ... _ .......................... . 

Callopora magnopora Foerste ... ____ .. _ .. _ .................. . 

Ceramopora imbricata HalL ........ · ... _ .................... . 

r 

c 

u 

c 

u 

u 

Ceramopor~t niagarensis n. sp .......... _ .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . . ... . . u . 

Ceramoporella irregularis n. sp ... _ . _ ... _ ... _ . _ .. . _ .......... . 

Ceramoporella orbicU!ata (Ringueberg) ... _.................. u 

Chilotrypa ostiolata (Hall), .......... _ ................. _ ..... I' 

Clathropora alcicornis Hall .................... __ ............ . 

Clathropora frondosa Hall ......... '·· ............... .... .... u 

Clathropora frondosa intermedfa Nicholson and Hinde ..... . u 

Cceloclema cavernosa n. sp .................................. . 

Diamesopora dichotoma Hall ......... _ .. _._._._ ............ . 

Diploclema sparsum (Hall) ..•............. .. ............ . .... 

Diploclema sparsum argutum n. var .· ......... _.: .... _....... u 

Diplotrypa walkeri n. sp ............... _ .... ........... __ .... _ ......... . 

Eridotrypa nodulosa n. sp ......................... ___ .. . ... . . u 

Eridotrypa similis n. sp .......... _ ....... _ .. . ___ .. _ .. _ .. _ .. _ _ u 

Eridotrypa solida (Hall) ....... _._ .. _ . . _ ..... _ ........ ·....... c 

Eridotrypa spinosa n. sp ...... _ .............. _ .... .......... . 

Eridotrypa striata (Hall) ...... _. _ ... _ . . __ .................. . 

Feneste.lla cribrosa Hall ............................. __ .... : .. 

Fenestella ele.gans HalL .................... .. ............... . 

Fistulipora crustula n. ·sp. or n. name ..... _ .. __ ............. . 

Fistulipora laminata (Hall) ...................... . _ ......... . 

Fistulipora lockporten,sis n. sp •.............................. 

Fistulipora tuberculosa (Hall) .............................. . 

Idiotrypa punctata (Hall) ......•........... __ .... . .......... : 

Lichenalia concentrica Hall ............................•...... 

Lioclema asperum (Hail) .......................... ... _ ...... . 

Lioclema circinctum n. sp .................... _ .............. . 

Lioclema explanatum n. sp •........................ _ ........ . 

Lioclema globulare n. sp ............... _ ..... _ .. _ ........... . 

Lioclema multi porum n. sp ............... . _ ................. . 

Lfoclema peculiare n. sp .......................... ... ........ . 

Lioclema ramulosum n. sp .•....• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •••••••••••••••••• • 

Lioclemella maccombi n. spo ...... 0 0. 0 •• 0 •••••••••••• • •••• ••• • 

Loculipora ambigua precursor n. var 0 0 0 0 •••••••••••••••••••• 

Loculipo.ra ulrichi n. sp 0 •••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• : ••• 

Meekopora foliacea (Hall) .. 0 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••• 

Mesotrypa nummiformis (Hall) ....................... ~ ..... . 

· Mitoclema sarlei n. sp ...................... , ................ . 

Monotrypa benjamini n. sp .................................. . 

Monotrypa osgoodensis n. sp 0 0 o 0 0 0 • 0 o o 0 o o. 0. o. o 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 ••••••• 

u 

c 

u 

c 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

c 

c U . 

c u 

r 

u 

c 

u c 

u u 

u 

u 

u 

c 

c 

u 

..... - .. -... --- .. --- -------- ) . 

u 

u 

c 

c 

c 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

·c 

u 

u 

c 

c 

u 

c 

u 

u 

u 

c c 

c c 
LIST OF :BRYOZOA. 7 

Alphabetic list ofbryozoa in Rochester shale, showing range and comparative abundanceContinued. 

Western Osgood Waldron New Ontario. beds, beds, 

York. Indiana. Indiana. 

-------------------------------------------1-------------------------

Monotrypa pediculata n. sp ....................... _. _____ . __ . 

Nematopora minuta (Hall)._ ..... -----· ···----· ------ --- ----

Nicholsonella florida (Hall) ..... ___ .. ______________ ·: ________ _ 

Nicholsonella ringuebergi n. sp .. __ .. ________ .. . : . .. , ________ _ 

Orbignyella expansa (Ringueberg) ____________ .. __ .• ________ _ 

Orbignyella magnopora n. sp. _______________________ . __ . ____ _ 

Pachydictya crassa (Hall) ........... __________ ... ___ .. ______ _ 

Phrenopora ensiformis HalL _______ ..... ___ _____ ____ _ .. ______ _ 

Phrenopora fhnbriata canadensis n. var _ ... _. __ . ____ . ____ , __ _ 

Phylloporina asperato-striata (Hall) ________ . ______ ... __ . __ ._ 

Polypora incepta Hall .................. _ ...... _. ______ ._ .. _._ 

Pseudohornera diffusa (Hall) .... _._. ___ .. _ .......... _. ___ . __ _ 

Pseudohornera niagarensis (Hall) _. __ .. ....... .. .. __ .. ... _ .. . 

Ptiloporella nervata (Nicholson) ..... __ . _ .......... ~ ... .. ___ _ 

Rhinopora curvata Ringueberg ................. .. . __ .. __ ___ _ 

Rhombotrypa spinulifera n. sp ... ______ ...... _ ..... _ . . .. ... _ . _ 

Rhopalonaria attenuata Ulrich and Ba·ssler .. ·.·. _ . . __ . -.-.... . 

Semicoscinium tenuiceps (Hall) .......... . -__ . . ... _. _ ........ . 

Spatiopora maculata (Hall) ... , .......•. _ .... . . . ...... _ .. _ •. _ 

Stictotrypa punctipora (Hall) .. _ ... _ ... . .... .... _ .... __ .. __ ._ 

Stigmatella globata n. sp ...•........... .... .......... . _ ... . _. 

Stomatopora dissimilis Vine . ......... . . _ .. . .. . ......... ... _ .. 

Stomatopora elongata Vine .............•......... •...... ___ . 

Tamiodictya schucherti n. sp .. .. ..... _ . _ .. _-............•... _. 

Thamniscus dichotomus (Hall) ..... , ... _ ................ . _ .. 

Trematopora spiculata Hall ............... ...... _ ........... . 

Trematopora tuberculosa Hall ....... ....................... _ 

Trematopora whitfieldi Ulrich ... _ . _ . _ ......••.... ... •••.. _. _ .. 

Vinella ? multiradiata Ulrich and B~ssler ... . _· .............. . 

Vinella radiciformis (Vine) ..............• _. __ . __ ._ .. • _ ... . _ .. 

u 

c 

u 

u 

c 

u 

c 

c 

u 

u 

u 

u 

U · 

u 

c 

c 

c 

u 

u 

c 

c 

u 

u 

u 

c 

c 

u 

tl. 

u 

c 

u 

c 

u 

c 

c 

c 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

u 

••,--;--- ---- -·-------- :- c 

u 

By comparing the species in this list it will be seen tha.t of the 80 forms recorded in the -

Rochester shale 33 occur also in the Osgood beds and but 14 in theWaldron beds; Since 

the Waldron shale has been much more thoroughly searched for bryozoa than the Osgood 

beds, these figures. are significant. It is further to be borne in mind that, since most of the 

Rochester shale species that are known in Indiana as yet only . in the Waldron are almost 

world-wide in their distribution, more complete collections from the Osgood beds· may be 

confidently expected to materially increase the already large number of species which these 

beds hold in common with the Rochester shale, For this reason the foregoing tabular comparison is not entirely competent Perhaps the surest way of testing the contemporaneity 

of the Rochester and Osgood bryozoan faunas is by means of lists from which species known 

to be of wide range, as well as those common to the Rochester and the Waldron, are excluded. 

Such lists may fairly be said to comprise, so far as known, only the characteristic species of 

the Rochester, though not all of them. · · 
8 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Partial list of characteristic Rochester and Osgood bryozoa. 

Acanthoclema asperum. 

Batostomella granulifera. 

* Bytbopora spinulosa. 

Callopora clausa. 

Ceramopora imbricata. 

Ceramopora niagarensis . . 

Cbilotrypa ostiolata. 

* Diamesopora dicbotoma. 

* Diploclema sparsum. 

Eridotrypa spinosa. 

_ * Eridotrypa solida. 

Eridotrypa striata. 

* Fenestella elegans. 

*Fistulipora crustula. 

Idiotrypa punctata. * Lichenalia concentrica. 

Lioclema asperum. 

Lioclema explanatum. 

Lioclema multiporum. 

Lioclema pecullare. 

Lioclema ramulosum. 

Lioclemella maccombi. 

Loculipora ambigua var. precursor. 

* Loculipora ulricbi. 

* Meekopora foliacea. 

Mesotrypa nummiformis. 

* Mitoclema sarlei. 

Monotrypa benjamini. 

Monotrypa osgoodensis. 

Monotrypa pediculata. 

Nicbolsonella florida. 

Pbylloporina asperato-striata. 

* Polypora incepta. 

Rbombotrypa spinulifera. 

* Stictotrypa punctipora. 

* Thamniscus dicbotomus. 

Trematopora tuberculosa. 

Of the above list of 37 species~ those marked with an asterisk appear to be l_imited to the 

Rochester shale. The remaining 24 species, or about 65 per cent, are common to the 

Rochester shale and the Osgood beds. After weeding out the wide-ranged (European and 

American) species from those shown in the main list to be common to the Rochester and .the 

Waldron shales, only 7 species remain to be set against the 24 in the Osgood beds, and of this 

residue 3 species, viz, Oallopora elegantula, Pachydictya crassa, and Trematopora spiCulata, 

occur in all three beds. The evidence in favor of the equivalence of the Osgood and Rochester is further strengthened by the fact that while practically all of the known Osgood bryozoa 

occur also in the Rochester, the Waldron, on the contrary, contains many that are unknown 

in that formation. • 

The Wenlock shales of England contain a comparatively large bryozoan fauna which has 

received but little study. Of this series the Build was beds seem to hold a fauna most similar 

to that of the Rochester shale, and a careful comparison of the two will probably bring out 

the fact that they are closely related. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

The following review contains references to the literature bearing on the bryozoa found in 

these shales and a brief outline of the work done in each case: 

GRABAU, A. W. Guide to the geology and paleontology of Niagara Falls and vicinity. 

Bull. N.Y. State Museum No. 45, 1901, pp.161-176. Gives figures and the distinguishing characters of some of the bryozoa described by Hall from the Rochester shale at 

Lockport, and states occurrence at Niagara Falls. 

GRABAU, A. W. ·BulL Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., VII, No.1, 1901. Reprint of th~ ab~ve paper. 

HALL, JAMES. Natural History of New York, Geoiogy, IV, 1843, p. 116, figs. 2, 3. A good 

figure of the reverse of Pseudohornera dijfusa is given as a" coral resembling Isis." 

HALL, JAMES. Natural History of New York, Paleontology, II, 1852. Describes ~s corals 

the following new genera and specieS of bryozoa, all from Lockport, N.Y., a few species, 

however, being also recorded from Rochester and other localities in western New 

York: Oalloporan.gen., 0. elegantulan. sp.,O.fiorida n. sp., O.laminatan. sp, 0. aspera 

n. sp., 0. nummiformis n. sp., Trematopora n. gen., T. tuberculosa n. sp., T. coalescens 

n. sp. T. punctata n. sp., T. ostiolata n. sp., T. salida n. sp., T. striata n. sp., T. granulifera 

n. sp .. T. aspera n. sp., T. spinul!)sa n. sp., T. sparsa n. sp, Stictopora punctipora n. sp., 

Diamesopora dichotoma n. gen. et sp. (genus not characterized), Olathropora n. gen., 

0. alcic(Jrnis n. sp., 0. frondosa n. sp., Retepora dijfusa n. sp., R. asperato-striata n. sp., 

Hornera ( n dichotoma n. sp., Fenestella elegans n. sp., F. tenuiceps n.sp., F. cribrosa n. sp. 

(from lower part of Niagara limestone), Polypora incepta n. sp., Oerarriopora n. gen., 0. 

imbricata n. sp., 0. incrustans n. sp., 0. foliacea n. sp., Rhinopora tuberculosa n. sp 

Lichenalia n. gen., L. concentrica_n. sp., Sagenella n. gen., S. membranacea n. sp. 
BIBLI.O.G RAPHY. 9 

HALL, JAMES. Natural History of New York, Paleontology, VI, 1887, pl. 61. Figures by 

mistake a species from the Rochester shale and names it 8tictopora scitUla. 

NICHOLSON, H. A., and HINDE, G. J. Canadian Journal, newser., XIV, 1874. They record 

the occurrence of Olathropora frondosa, 0. intermedia, and Retepora asperato-striata in 

the Niagara limestone (Rochester shale) at Thorold Ontario, and of Trematopora ostiolata and Fenestella tenuice~s at Niagara River. They also give descriptions and comparisons of Olathropora frrmdosa and 0. intermedia, the latter being a new species. 

Figures of Olathropora intermedia and Trematopora ostiolata are given. 

NICHOLSON, H. A. Paleontology of the Province of Ontario, 1875, pp. 59, 60. So far as the 

bryozoa of the Rochester shale are concerned, this is a reproduction of the preceding 

work. 

NICHOLSON, H. A. Geological Survey of Ohio, Paleontology, II, 1875, p. 264, pl. 25, figs. 

11, lla. Describes and figLres Fenestella nervata n. sp. from the Niagara at Cedarville, 

Ohio. This species has sil lce been recognized in the Rochest. er shale in New York and 

On~ario. . I . 

NICKLES, JoHN M., and BAssLER, R. S. Synopsis of 4-merican fossil bryozoa. Bull. U.S. 

Geol. Survey No. 173, 1900. They record the li erature and synonomy of Rochester 

shale as well as other American fossil bry.ozoa. I . . RINGUEBERG, E. N. S. New genera and spec1es of fossils from the Nmgara shales. Bull. 

Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., V. 1886. Describes asf1 ew species from Lockport, N.Y., 

Oeramopora orbiculata, Rhinopora curvata, 8tom topora recta, 8. parva, and Ohretetes 

expansus. _ 

RoEMER, FERD. Lethrea Geognostica, I, Lethrea Palre zoica, Atlas, 1876, pl. 12, figs. 2a, 2b, 

4a--4c. Reproduces some of Hall's figures of Bete}.ora dijfusa Hall, and in the explanation of the plate applies the new name Pseudohornera dijfusa. Figures, as a new 

species from the island of Gotland, Ptilodictyal fenestrata, a form . very much like 

Olathropora frondosa Hall. 

ULRICH, E. 0. _1\merican Paleozoic bryozoa . . Jour.! Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, V-VII, 

1882--1884. In discussing Homotrypa some of the characters of Trematopora tuberculosa 

Hall are stated in Vol. V, p. 241. A full descriJtion of Oallopora elegantula Hall, is 

given on page 250. In Vol. VI, p. 257, he discussJs Hall's genus Trematopora and gives 

an amended definition. Hall's species are distri~uted as follows: Trematopora coalescens=Trematopora,T. solida=Trematopora?, and l ostiolata=Ohilotrypa. On page 259 

he describes Trematopora tuberculosa Hall. In Vol. VII, p. 39, in discussing Ooscinium 

Keyserling, he remarks on Hall's genus Olathrop ra and the type species 0. frondosa. 

Pages 43--44 give some of the characters of Licltenalia and the type species L. concentrica, of which he figures a tangential section in Pl. III, fig. 5. On page 49 he refers to 

his new genus Ohilotrypa Hall's Trematopora ostio'(ata. . 

ULRICH, E. 0. Paleozoic bryozoa. Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890. On page 368 the 

genus Diploclema is established and Trematopora parsa Hall is made one of the types. 

The new genus 8tictotrypa is founded (p. 393), with 8tictopora similis Hall as the 

genotype, and on page 394, fig. 13, a vertical sec ion of 8. similis Hall and tangential 

and vertical sections of S. punctipora Hall are giv n. On page 399 Drymotrypa n. gen. 

is described, Retopora'dijfusa Hall being made the type. Hall's Thamniscus niagarensis 

is referred here. On page 425, in discussing the genus Lioclema, the following of Hall's 

species are referred here: Oallopora aspera, O.fiorida, and 0. Zaminata. On page 463 a 

full description of Oeramopora imbricata, accompanied by figures of the internal structure, is given. The genus Diamesopora is discussed on page 467. On page 607, when 

discussing Thamniscus, Hornera dichotoma Hall is referred here, while Thamniscus 

niagarensis Hall belongs to Drymotrypa. 
10 BRYO~OAN F.AUN.A OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

ULRICH, E. 0., and BAsSLER, R. S. A revision of the Paleozoic bryozoa. Smithsonian 

Miscell. Coll. (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904. They describe and figure Rhopalonaria 

attenuata n. ~p., Vinella radiciformis (Vine), V. (?) multiradiata n. sp., and Ascodictyon 

siluriense Vine, from the Rochester shale. 

VINE, G. R. Silurian uniserial Stomatopqne and Ascodictyon. Quart. Geol. Jour. Soc. 

London, XXXVII, 1881. Figures and describes on page 615, Stomatopora dissimilis 

n. sp. from the Buildwas beds, W enloe)< shales, Shropshire, England. , 

VINE, G. R. Notes on the polyzoa of the Wenlock shales, Wenlock limestone and shales 

over Wenlock limestone. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXXVIII, 1882. Describes 

among other Silurian species the following, which have been recognized in the Rochester shale: Stomatopora dissimilis, S. dissimilis var. elongata, Ascodictyon stellatum var. 

siluriense, Ascodictyon radicijorme, and Diastopora consimilis. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 

Class BRYOZOA Ehrenberg. 

Orde!' CTENOST01\£A. T A. Bu.sk. 

The zoarium in this relatively small order is horny or membranaceous, and consists of 

tubular stolons, from the ipternodes of which the zorecia are developed. 'Ihe zorecia are 

usually isolated and have a terminal orifice which in the living state is closed by an op.erculum composed of setre. . 

When compared with the other orders of bryozoa, species of Ctenostomata are not com-" 

mon in the Rochester shale, five representing four genera having thus far been found 

This, however, is not unusual, as the order is poorly represented in all the geologic formations. The infrequency of fossil Ctenostomata may be accounted for by the prevailing 

character of their zoaria, the zoarium in the majority of the living types of this order being 

membran~tceous, and hence incapable of preservation in the fossil state. 

One of the Rochester shale species, Rhopalonaria attenuata, is represented by numerous 

specimens; another, Vinella radiciforrnis, is uncommon; while the remaining three; Vinella 

multiradiata, Ascodictyon siluriense, nnd Allonema waldronense are comparatively rare. 

Continued searching will probably reveal the presence of species belonging to another 

ctenostomatous genus, namely R eteronema, since representatives of this genus are known in 

other Silurian strata. 

Mr. Ulrich and the writer have recently made the fossil Ctenostomata the subject of a small 

monograph a, and the following descriptions are based mainly on this work. Since this 

publication, no new species l1ave reen found in the Rochester shale, althoughseveral new 

forms have come to light in other horizons. . , 

Family RHOP ALON ARIID~ NicklPs and Bassler. 

Genus RHOP ALON ARIA Ulrich. 

All the species of this genus closely resemble each other, since, as a rule, nothing remains 

but the impressions of the st:olons-clay-filled or empty excavations in the body incrusted. 

However, experience has shown that the variation in the dimensions of these more or less 

accurate impressions serves as well in discriminating the species as the zoaria themselves. 

Rhopalonaria is distinguished from all other genera of the Ctenostomata by the fusiform 

internodes or cells, by their pinnate arrangement, and by the fact that they excavate their 

host. 

RHOPALONARIA ATTENUATA Ulrich and Bassler. 

PI. I V, figs. 4,5. 

Rhopalonaria attenuata Ulrich and Bassler, Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904, p. 26F, 

pl. 66, figs. 4, 5. 

In all the specimens at hand this species is represented by a serieS of exca.vatio:ris ~pon the 

surface of the object it incrusted, crinoid columns, cystid plates, brachiopods, and bryozoans 

being used indiscriminately. These impressions show that the zoarium consisted either 

of slender stolons constricted at rather regular intervals or of segments slightly fusiform in 

a Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904, pp. 256-294. 

Bull. 292-06-2 11 
12 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

outline. From a central stolon or series of segments, lateral branches are given off at 

approximately right angles, and in the same manner these divide again until the result is a 

network of anastomosing branches arranged pinnately. Length of segments somewhat 

variable, 3 to 3.5 in 2 mm. Orifice not observed because of the preservation, but probably 

situated in the swollen end of the segments. 

The differences between this species and R. venosa Ulrich a from the Richmond group 

are slight, the length and arrangement of the internodes arid stolons being practically the 

same in each. R. attenuata, however, may be distinguished by the extreme tenuity of the 

internodes and stolons, and by the comparative rigidity of their arrangeJ;Dent. The zorecial 

and zoarial features of the two, if preserved, would probably show more differences, but 

as the excavations alone have been found1 s!ight ar~ations must serve in discriminating species. · . . . · . . - . . . . . -

Occurrence.-The figured types were found in the Rochester shale at Lockport, N. Y., 

where specimens are not uncommon. Examples have also been found in the same formation 

at Rochester and Lewiston, N .. Y., in the Niagara Gorge, and at Gtimsby and Thorold, 

Ontario. The Clinton limestone at Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa., and the Waldron 

shale at W ald~on, Ind., and at Newsom, Tenn.,·furnish specimens which can not be sreparated 

from the typical form. . . . . 

. Catal~gue numbers, 43116, 43117, 35733, 35477, U. S. National Museum. 

Fa1nily VINELLID..l.E Ulrich and· Bassler. 

Genus VINELLA ·Ulrich. 

Zoarium parasitic, consisting of very slender, tubular threads or stolons, arranged more 

or less distinctly in a radial manner. Surface of threads with a single ·row of small pores, 

which may be wanting locally and may vary considerably .in the degree of their separation. 

Zorecia unknown, probably deciduous. 

VINELLA RADICIFORMIS (Vine) . 

. Pl. IV, figs. 2, 3. 

Ascodictyon radians Vine (part), Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London (provisional placement) , XXXVII, 

1881, p. 619. 

Ascodictyon radicijorme Vine, ibid., XXXVIII, 1822, p. 53, figs. 1, 3. 

Ascodictyon radicijorme Vine, Ann .. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XIV, 1884, p. 83, figs. 1-5. 

Ascodictyon radicijorme Vine, Proc. Yorkshire GeoLand Polytech. Soc., IX, 1887, pp.183-4, pl.12, fig.5. 

Ascodictyon radicijorme Vine, ibid., XII, 1892, p. 87. 

Vinella radicijormis Ulrich, Geol. and Na t. Hist. Survey Minnesota, Final Rept., III, pt. 1, 1893, p. 113. 

Vi nella radicijormis Ulrich and Bassler, Smithsonian Miscell. Coil. (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904, p . 275. 

pl. 68, fig. 7. 

This species, originally described from the Wenlock shales, has been noted at a number 

of American localities. Its delicate zoaria are generally found incrusting smooth-shened 

brachiopods, crinoid columns, or the epithecated side of bryozoa, such as explanate spe.cies 

of Fistulipora or Lioclema. The rather widely separated nuclei and the extreme tenuity of 

the radiating threads are especially characteristic. Near the centers themselves the radii 

are slightly swollen, but their average thickness elsewhere lies between 0.03 and 0.04 mm. 

Sometimes the threads seem to bifurcate or to wander about without much order, and often 

the nuclei are difficult to distinguish from the points where the threads merely cross. 

Occurrence.- Bui1dwas beds of the Wenlock shales, Shropshire, England; Rochester 

shales, Rochester and Lockport, N.Y.; Grimsby, Ontario; Waldron shale; Waldron, Ind; 

Clinton formatioi_l, Sevenmile Creek, near Eaton', Ohio. · 

Catalogue numbers,· 35476, 43145, 43146, U.S. National Museum. 

a tJlrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. H1st., II, 1879, p. 26, pl. 7, figs. 24, 24a. 
VINELLIDA;. 13 

VINELLA ~ MULTmADIATA Ulrich and Bassler. 

Pl. IV, fig.l. 

Vinella? multiradiata Ulrich and Bassler, Smithsonian Miscell. Coil. (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904, p. 276, 

pl. 68, fig. 8: 

But two specimens of this interesting and peculiar organism have been found, and, as no 

additional facts have been observed, the remarks by Ulrich and the writer in describing the 

species are quoted below. 

Original description.-The specimen on which this peculiar species is founded incrusts a crinoid column about th.ree-fourths of an inch in length, about two-thirds covered with the supposed Vinella. 

At intervals varying from little more than 0.5 mm. to about 2 mm. the surface of the incrusting sheet 

presents subcircular, cup-shaped depressions, 0.12 mm. to 0.2 mm. in diameter, inclosed by a low rim 

from which 14 to 20 closely arranged threads proceed in all directions. The radii are commonly disposed 

·in sets of three to five, those emanating from neighboring centers overlapping a nd interweaving in the 

interspaces. The sheet seems to consist in most parts of at least two superposed layers. Minute 

details of structure not preserved. ' 

At first sight, under a low power of magnification, the specimen recalled the attached basal disks of 

articulating bryozoa, like rArthropora and Escharopora, but it soon became evident that the resemblance was deceptive and extended only to the common possession of cup-shaped ·depressions and lines 

radiating from them. Under a higher _power the radii proved to be simple threads and not radially 

arranged walls separating rows of elongated zorecial apertures, which is the structure of the attached 

disks of the articulating bryozoa referred to. Of course the much smaller size of the Vi nella was apparent from the beginning of our investigations. Though now thoroughly satisfied that we are not dealing with bases of ioaria, we think it quite possible that they may prove to be t)le bases of isolated 

zorecia. Whatever the future may prove it to be, it impresses us as a very interesting organism, and 

it is the hope that other collectors may succeed in finding more and better specimens that has induced 

us to describe it. · 

Occurrence.--:-Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. · 

.Catalogue number, 43144; U.S. National Museum. 

Genus ALLONEMA Ulrich and Bassler. 

Original description.-Fossil zoaria of which only the creeping base is known. This attaches itself to 

foreign bodies and consists of strings of sausage-like, bulbous, fusiform or pear-shaped internodes or 

vesicles varying greatly in size in different species. Surface of internodes minutely punctate, while a 

number in each colony exhibit :;t larger pore-like depression, usually near one end of the vesicle or internode that is regarded a's marking the point where erect zorecia were attached.a 

ALLON~A WALDRONENSE Ulrich and Bassler. 

Pl. IV, fig. 9. 

Allonema waldronense Ulrich and Bassler, Smithsonian Miscell. Coil. (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904, p. 283, 

pl. 67, fig. 5. 

A single small example of this rather uncommon species was found incrusting the epitheca 

of a fistuliporoid in the Rochester shale at Middleport, N. Y. This specimen agrees so 

closely with the _type that for purposes of identification the original description is repeated 

below. 

Original description.-Colonies small, consisting of an irregular, winding series of comparatively few 

!).nd rather large, inflated internodes. The series branches occasionally, and a few of the internodes 

appear to be quite isolated. The internodes vary greatly in form, some being globular or elliptical, 

others pyriform, and a few of the largest bilobate. The last probably consist of two partially confluent 

vesicles. With all this variation, the internodes still remain within reasonable distance of the average 

size that we consider characteristic of the species. , The average length may be placed at about 0.5 mm., 

the width at 0.3 mm. 

Occurrence.-Waldron shales of the Niagaran group, Waldron, Ind.; Rochester shale, 

Middieport, N.Y. 

Catalogue number, 43128, U.S. National Museum. 

a Ulrich and Bassler, Smithsonian Miscell. Coli. (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904, p. 279. 
14 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF TH"E ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Family ASOODIOTYONID...-<E Ulrich. 

Genus ASCODICTYON Nicholson and Etheridge, jr. 

Zoarium parasitic, consisting of ovate or pyriform vesicles, arranged in radial clusters or 

isolated, and connected with each other by very delicate, hollow threads. Walls of vesicles 

perforated by closely arranged, minute pores. Zomcia unknown. 

AscomcTYON SILURIENSE Vine. 

Pl. IV, figs. 6--8. 

Ascodictyon stellatum Vine, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXXVII, 1881, p .. 618. 

Ascodictyon stellatum var. siluriense Vine, ibid., XXXVIII, 1882, p. 52, figs. 1, 2. 

Ascodictyon stellatum var. siluriense Vine, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XIV, 1884, p. 81, fig. 7. 

Ascodictyon stellatum var. siluriense Vine, Proc. Yorkshire Geol. and Polytech. Soc., IX, 1887, p. 184, , 

pl. 12, fig. 6. 

Ascodictyon siluriense Vine, ibid., Xii, 1892, p. 88, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

Ascodictyon.siluriense Ulrich and Bassler, Smithsonian Miscell. Coli. (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904, p. 286, 

pl. 68, figs. 11, 12. 

e~cripti on (Ulrich and Bassler) .-Vesicles pyriform, the small end more or less drawn out, 0.1 mm 

to 0.2 mm. in diameter, and 0.3 mm. to 0.5 mm. in length, arranged in clusters of four to eigbt, with 

clusters of four or five occurring oftener than six to eight. Connecting threads about 0.03 mm. in thickness, comparatively straight, with clusters of vesicles occurring at intervals of 2.5 mm. or more. 

Compared with A. stellatum, this species is distinguished by its usually fewer and Jess closely arranged 

vesicles in each cluster, QY the greater average length and more pyriform shape of the vesicles, and by 

the comparative rigidity of the connecting threads. 

Several well-preserved examples of this cosmopolitan Silurian species have been found in 

the Rochester shale at Lockport. The pyriform radially arranged vesicles and the delicate 

connecting threads form a zoarium so different from all associated bryozoa that ~omparison 

is unnecessary. 

Occurrence.-Vine's types were found in the Wenlock shale, Build was beds, Shropshire, 

England. In America the species occurs in the Rochester shale at Lockport, N. Y., and in 

the Waldron shale at Waldron, Ind., and Newsom, Tenn. 

Catalogue numbers, 43135, 43138, U.S. National Museum. 

Order CYCLOSTOMATA Bu.slc. 

The simple tubular zomcia with thin, minutely porous waHs, the absence of marsupia 

and appendicular organs and the presence of omcia characterize this order. The Cyclostomata are fairly well represented in this formation, the majority of the species belonging to 

the Oeramoporidce and Fistuliporidce, two families which have only recently been referred 

to the order with certainty. 

Family DIASTOPORID.JEj Busk (emend. Ulrich). 

Genus STOMATOPORA Bronn. 

Zoarium adnate, branching dichotomously; zomcia subtubular or subpyriform, arranged 

in a single linear series; aperture subterminal. 

STOMATOPORA ELONGATA (Vine). 

Pl. IV, figs. 10-14. 

Stomatapllra dissimilis var. elongata Vine, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXXVIII, 1882, p. 50. 

Stomutopora elongata Vine, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Bist. (5), XIV, 1884, p. 85, fig. IV, 2. 

$tomatopora parva Ringueberg, BulL Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1886, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 16. 

Original description (Vine).-Swmatopora dissimilts Vine var. a. elongata; Zoarium very irregular, 

clustering. Zorec1a elongated, with, at times, long stoloniferous processes whicn intermingle with the 

cells. When colonial growth is distinct. arrangement of cells is linear and unisertal. Measured under 

favorable circumstances; about three celts occupy the spswe of one line~ 

Localtty.-Buiidwas beds (Wenlock shales), England. 
DI..A.STOPORID.lE. 15 

The collection of Mr. John M. Nickles contains an example of this species from the original 

Wenlock -shales ·material studied by Mr. Vine. Fig. 10, Pl. IV, represents several of the 

zorecia of this specimen enlarged, and a comparison of this figure with those of the American 

form shows that there can be little doubt of the specific identity of the two. ·This English 

specimen is labeled Stomatopora elongata in Mr. Vine's handwriting, so that there is no question of its authenticity. The long stoloniferous p~ocesses which Mr. Vine mentions as 

intermingling with the cells are the stolons of ctenostomatous· bryozoa such as V inella or 

Ascodictyon and have Lo connection at all with the Stomatopora. Such widely diverse 

'incrusting species are often found with their zoaria intermingled and but little 'care is usually 

required to determine that one is merely growing over the other. The following ·descl)iption brings out the characters as observed by the writer: , 

Zoarium incrusting foreign objects, the srhooth epitheca of corals or bryozoa being most 

favored in the American examples. Zorecia uniserial, branching at irregular intervals, 

slepder, fusiform, mcreasing slowly in size from a diameter of 0.03 to 0.04 mm: at the 

proximal end to one of 0.15 to 0.18 mm. at the distal or anterior end, which, although 

normally rounded, is sometimes slightly drawn out. An average zorecium is 0.60 mm. in 

length; when arranged in a straight line, seven zorecia may be counted in the space of 4 mm. 

Aperture small, rounded, subterminal, with a slightly elevated border and less than half 

the greatest width of the zorecium in diameter. Surface of the zorecia smooth, probably 

finely porous. 

Compared with other uniserial forms of Stomatopora, S. elongata resembles S. delicatula 

James, which ranges through the Mohawk!an and Cincinnati!J-n groups, but the latter 

species has slightly longer and more slender zorecia. ln all probability S . elongata is the 

Silurian representative of the Ordovician S. deltcatula. The very much larger and relatively 

shorter, transversely wrinkled zorecia of the associated Stomatopora dissimilis are so 

different that comparisons are scarcely necessary. 

The Amencan form here identified as Stomatopora dissimilis is. probably the same as 

Stomatopora parva Ringueberg, but the description and figures of the latter are so poor that 

without an examination of the type specimen the synonymy can not be determined with 

absolute certamty. ln spite of this uncertainty, the writer has ventured to place Ringueberg's species as a synonym on the st;ength of his original description, which, for the sake 

of comparison, is quoted below: 

Adnate, minute, irregularly branctling. Cells uniserial subcylindrical, not inflated, somewhat 

variable in length, some bemg a thtrd snorter than the average.· Calice sligtltly elevated. ThHl 

species is about one-third as large asS. rtcw and is readily recogmzed by its minute size and stratgnt 

cells. (From the Niagara shales at Lockport N. Y.J 

Occurrence.-Buildwas beds, Wenlock shales, Shrqpshire, England; Clinton formation, 

Sevenmile Creek, near Eaton, Ohio; Rochester shale, Rochester and Lockport, N. Y ., Wal~ 

dron shale, Newsom, Tenn . 

Catalogue number, 35475, U.S. National Museum. 

STOMATOPORA DISSIMILIS Vine . . 

Pl. IV, figs. lb-1\J. 

Stomatopora dissimili.s Vine, Quart. Jour. Geol. 8oc. London X X X VI L 1881, pp. 615, 616, figs. 1-8; 

XXXVIII, 1882, p. 50. 

Stomatopora recta Ringueberg, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hi st., V, 1886. p. 20 pl. 2, figs. 15, 15a. 

Aulopora sp. Hall Nat. Hist. New York. Pal. 11, 1852, pl. 50, tigs. 2i . 29. 

Original descriptton.-Zoarium ad nate, branching generally a ttached to stems of Crinoidea, very 

rarely to broken shells; branches linear, somettmes wavy · and anastomo.sing. :locecia invanably 

uniserial, and, in the best preserved, very finel y ribbed transversely; the Otat extremity slightly rat sed; 

orifice circular or subetrcular. Orncial cells rather ventncose and strongly ribbed('(). Each i1orma1 

zorncium about half a ltne; average about 6 to 3~ unes. 

A serie::s of specimens from the Silurian rocks of various localities in Europe and America 

shows that the Wenlock shales species described by Vme as Stomatopora dissimilis llas as 
16 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHAIJE. 

wide a distribution as the accompanying Cyclostomata, Stomatopora ilongata Vine, and 

Berenicea consimilis (Lonsd~le). As indicated in the above synonymy, the American forrri 

was figured by Hall in 1852 without a specific designation, and later was figured and describ:::d by Ringueberg as Stomatopora recta. 

The zoarium of S. dissimilis is parasitic, other bryozoa, brachiopods, and crinoid columns 

or platrs being J.lSUally sekcted; uniserial, with lateral series branchi.ng usually irregularly 

but sometimes very regularly and at right angles to the main series. Zorecia subcyli~drical 

or club shaped, about 0.10 mm. in diam"eter at the proximal end and increasing to 0.35 mm. 

at the rounded distal portion; an average zorecium is 1.15 mm. in. length with 5 to 6 in 5 mm. 

Apertures large, subterminal, bounded by a raised rim-like border. Zorecia marked transversely ·by fine wrinkles or striations. . 

The large zorecia with their transverse striatiops or wrinkles particularly characterizeS. 

dissimilis and serve to distinguish it from all other Paleozoic species of the genus. 

Occurrence.-Vine's types are from the Buildwas beds of the Wenlock shales, Shropshire, 

England. The species occurs also in the Silurian beds on the island of Gotland; in the 

Rochester shale at Rochester, Lockport, Middleport, Niagara Falls, and other localities in 

western New York; in the same shale at Grimsby, Ontario; and in the Osgood beds at 

Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue n·tmbers, 35472, 35473, 44112, 44113, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus BERENICEA Lamouroux. 

The adnate zoarium ·of thin, discoid, flabellate or irregular crusts with tubular zorecia 

arranged in irregularly alternating lines distinguishes this genus from other members of 

the Diastoporidre. 

BERENICEA CONSIMILIS (Lonsdale). 

Pl. V, figs. 1-5. 

Aulopora consimilis Lonsdale, in Murchison's Sil. System, pt. 2, 1839, p. 675, pl. 15 .. 

_Diastopora (Aulopora) consimilis Vine, British Assoc. Rept., 1881. 

Diastopora consimilis Vine, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXXVIII, 1882, p. 58. 

Diastoporella consimilis Vine, British Assoc. Rept., Foss. P.olyzoa, IV, 1883. 

Diastoporella consimilis Vine, Proc. Yorkshire Geol. and Polytech. Soc., IX, 1887, p. 190, pl. 12, figs. 

18-20. 

----Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. Il, 1852, p. 173, pl. 40E, figs. 8a, b. 

Sagenella elegans Hall, 1.'wenty-eighth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus. (doc. ed .), 1876, pl; 7, figs. 12, 

13; ibid. (Mus. ed.), 1879, p.'ll8 pl. 7, figs. 12, 13. • 

Sag_enella elegans Hall, Eleventh Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Nat. Hist., 1882, p. 242, pl. 6, figs. 12, 13. 

Sagenella elegans Simpson, Fourteenth Ann. Rept. State Geol. New York for the year 1894, 1897, pl. 20, 

fig. 4. -

B~renic.ea elegans Nickles and Bassler, B.ull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 173, 1900, p. 181. 

Sagenella membranacea Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. If, 1852, p. 172, pl. 40E, fig. 6a, h. · 

Berlmicea membranacea Nickle.s and Bassler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 173. 1900, p. 181. 

A study of many specimens from various Silurian localities in Europe and America has 

shown that the species first described by Lonsdale as Aulopora consimilis is a cosmopolitan 

form ranging throughout several formations but eminently characteristic of the Silurian 

rocks as a whole. Lonsdale's description and figures are complete enough for the deter-

. mination of the form, but the species is more accurately defined in the later work of Vine. 

A comparison of the types of Sagenilla ilegans and S. membranacea with specimens from 

England and Gotland indicates tha.t aH represent the same species. Sagenella membranacea 

is founded upon a worn example from the Rochester shale, while the type of S. elegans from 

the Waldron beds is a normal specimen growing upon a pelecypod. 

Lonsdale's original description is as follows: 

A ulopora consimilis sp.n., Lons. pl.15, f. 7, magnified twice. A. incrusting, tubes roun~, close together, 

radiated, bifurcated; openings circular, raised; margin thick. This fo_ssil is singularly like Aulopora 

compressa of Goldfuss (Petref., p. 84, Taf. XXXVIII, f. 17), found in the Oolitic series of Germany. 
ENTALOPHORIDN-. 17 

The essential characters, as viewed hy the writer, are given in the folio ing description: 

Zoarium incrusting foreign bodies, the smooth shells of brachiopods r crinoid plates 

Geing usually favored. Growth commencing at a point from which th zorecia radiate. 

Zorecia contiguous, cylindrical, about 1 mm. in length and 0.22 mm. wi Aperture circular, slightly raised, about 0.20 mm. in diametei·. Zorecia marked by.d •licate transverse 

annular st~iations. 

The elongate, sharply defined, transversely lined zoreda form the i portant specific 

charactCJ and distinguish this beautiful species from other Paleozoic for s of the genus. 

Occurrence.- Wenlock limestone, Dudley, England (Lonsdale); Buildw s beds, Wenlock 

shales, Shropshire, England; Silurian, island of Gotland; Rochester shale, Rochester, Lockport, and o~her localities in western ~ew York, and Grimsby, Ontaro; Osgood beds, 

Osgood, Ind.; Waldron beds, Waldron, Ind., anp Newsom, Tenn. . 

Catalogue numbers, 35565, 35474, 44114, 44115, U.S. National Museu 

Family ENTALOPHORID.Al:: Reuss. 

Genus DIPLOCLEMA Ulrich. 

Zoarium ramose, with tubular zorecia diverging on all sides from a wa y mesial lamina; 

apertures circular, prominent. -

'DIPLOCLEMA SPARSUM (Hall). 

PI. V, figs. 6, 7; Pl. XXIII, figs. 4-6. 

Trematopora sparsa Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 155, pl. 40A, figs 12 a-d. 

Diploclema sparsa Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VUI, 1890, p. 368, pl. 53, fig. 10. 

Diploclema spars'a Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 45, 1901, p. 162, fig. 57. 

The zoarium of this species is composed of small, subcylindrical ramul ts, ovate in cross 

sections, about 0.5 mm. in width, 0.3 to 0.4 mm. in thickness, and dividi g dichotomously 

at iutervals of 10 mm. or more. The zorecia are thin walled, long, tubu ttr, opening upon 

the su~face with &lightly protruding circular apertures, which, when w ll preserved, are 

surrounded by a peristome, 0.15 to 0.18 mm, in diameter; four zooor:ia in 2 mm. measuring 

longitudinally; a branch is formed of fiye or six linear series, adjacent wies alternating. 

Interapertural space smooth or very faintly granulose:.. 

· The widely separated rounded apertures and the small branches celluliferous on all sides 

readily distinguish this neat little species. Small fragments of Th:amnis~f_B dichotomus Hal} 

might be confused, but the more c}osely distributed apertures and bran hes, celluliferous 

on one side only, distinguish that form superficially, the internal structur of the two being 

quite different. . . -

Diploclema sparsum has been considered by both Vine and Ulrich to . e Closely related 

to Spiropora regularis Vine from the Wenlock of England, but a critical omparison of the 

American species with specimens of the latter received from Mr. Vine sh ws the two forms 

to be specifically quite distinct. Diplodema (Spiropora) regularis fo ms more robust 

zoaria, the branches averaging almost 1 mm. in diameter, while mea~uri g longitudinally 

two zooocia arc found in 2 mm. Tho branches of Diplodema sparsum, as entioned above, 

are 0.5 mm. in diameter and have four zorecia in 2 mm. 

Occurrence.- Rochester shale, Lockport, Rochester, Niagara d other localities 

in New York; 'Grimsby and Hamilton., Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 3573-4, 44071, U.S. National Mus€mm. 

DIPLOCLEMA SPARSUM var. ARGUTUM n. var. 

Pl. V, figs. 8, 9. 

This subordinate name is proposed for the reception of a number of specimens.which· 

differ from Diploclema sparsum in the following respects: Firs£, the zoari m is more robust, 

cylindrical, and bears four or five ranges of zorecia upon each side, whil the typical form 
18 BRYQZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

of the species is of slender ramulets, showing only two or three rows of zorecia. Second, 

. specimens of the variety very commonly exhibit a distinct pore in front of each zorecial 

aperture, while in the ·species itself this pore is rarely seen. 

Vine probably had this variety in :inind when he identified his Spiropora regularis a as 

occurring at Lock~rt, N.Y. However, D. sparsum and variety ar-gutum differ decidedly 

from Spiropora regularis in that the latter has considerably larger zorecia. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon at Lockport, N.Y. 

Catalogue numbe~, 35557, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus MiTOCLEMA Ulrich. 

Mitoclema Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 150. 

Compare Clonopora Hall, Nat. Hist. New ork, Pal. VI, 1886, p. 25, and Entalophora Lamouroux 

Exp. meth. des genres de pol., 1821, p. 81. 

Ramose Cyclostomata composed of long tubular zorecia diverging from an imaginary 

axis in all directions to the surface, where they bend outward, and often become free and 

much produced. Apertures circular, usually arranged in regular transverse or subspiral 

series. 

As to the advisability of referring the following new species to the Ordovician genus 

Mitodema or to the very similar Olonopora, founded upon Devonian forms, the writer is still 

in doubt. Both of these genera may eventually prove to be synonyms of the recent genus 

Entalophora. Undoubted species of Stomatopora and Berenicea are found in most of the 

formations from Ordovician to recent times, ·and it is not at all unlikely that Entalophora 

will also prove to be one of these long-enduring simple cyclostomatous generic types. 

MrTOCLEMA SARLEI n. sp. 

PI. V, figs. 10-12 . 

. Zoarium of very small, slender, ramose, cylindrical branches 0.35 to 0.45 mm. in diameter. Zofficia long, tubular, with circular apertures about 0.1 mm. in diameter ·projecting 

upward and outward from the body of the stem. Measuring longitudinally, there are 

about three zorecia in 2 mm. The space between the zorecial apertures is generally 

smooth, but sometimes exhibits faint transverse wrinldcs. 

All of the specimens of this species so far observed are attached to slabs, but these ir;tdi_cate 

that each branchlet bears four longitudinal rows of zocecia whose apertures 'are so placed 

that a somewhat regular ascending spiral series is the result. In the number of zorecia, 

M. sarle{is different from all of the described species of the genus, no other form having so 

few rows of apertures. 

This neat species is named in honor of Mr. Clifto~ J. Sarle, of Rochester, N. Y., who 

kindly collected a considerable number of bryozoa at that place for the writer. 

Occurrence.-Common on the thin slabs of limestone in the Roch.ester shale at Rochester, 

N.Y. 

Catalogue number, 35460, U. S. National Museum. 

Family CERAMOPORIDJE Ulrich. 

Genus CERAMOPORA Hall. 

In 1890 Ulrich b restricted the genusOeramopora to the type species, 0. imbricata, making 

the peculiar, spongy, basal tissue in connection with the indefinite wall structure, large 

openings in the walls, and absence of diaphragms, the characteristic features. Since that 

time other undoubted species of Oeramopora have been discovered which show that the 

more important characters of the genus are the indefinite waH structure of both zorecia and 

meso~ores and the large openings in the walls allowing neighboring tubes to commumcate 

a Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXVlll, 1882, p. 56, figs. 4-6. b Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 493. 
0ERAMOP0RID.1E. 19 

with each other. The growth may be free, discoid, lamellate, massive, pr incrusting, the 

spongy basal layer may be absent, and the diaphragm may or may not odmr. 

The various species of Oeramopora may be distinguished by external features that are 

more readily perceived by a study of actual examples than by descripti 1n. This ,peculiar 

aspect of the surface seems to be the result of the open meso pores, togeth r with the irregularity of both zoreciaand mesopores, and the prominent lunaria. 

CERAMOPORA IMBRICATA Hall. 

Pl. VI, figs. 1-10. 

Ceramopora imbricata Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 169, pl. 40E, fig . la-i. 

Ceramopora imbricata Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 463, pl. 39, figs. -lb. 

Ceramopora imbricata Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901,_ p. 163, fi . 58. 

Ulrich (op. cit.), has brought out the salient features of this species in the following 

description: 

Zoarium free, discoidal, plano-convex, under side sometimes slightly concave, from 5 to 15 rom. in 

diameter; thickness at center seldom exceeding 4 mm., usually only about 2 or 3 m. No epi~heca on 

the lower side. Lower or basal portion of zoariurn composed of a cellular or spon~y tissue, from which 

the zocecia grow out more or Jess obliquely. At the depressed center of the zoafiurn the zocecia are 

nearly direct, but toward the margin they gradually become more and more oblique. Zocecia cornpressed tubular, being long oval in transverse section. Apertures imbricating, arranged in multiplying radial .series, all facing away Jrom the center, triangular or oval in outline, 0.5 to 0.7 mrn. in their 

long diameter. Intercellular space occupied by irregularly flexuous rows of ~esopores, variously 

shaped, short. Zocecial tubes and mesopores communicate rather freely by mea s of perforations in 

the walls. Besides, the walls have that granular structure which is supposed t indicate originally 

minutely porous co~dition . Lunarium small, yet well marked. No diaphragms r eveloped. 

To the above may be added that growth ·in this species commences pa7asitically on small 

foreign objects, crinoid stems being usually selected. As new tubes are added, the free diskshaped zoaxium results by growth beyond the object originally incrus ed. The latter in 

some specimens is still preserved but more frequently is represented onl~ by the cicatrix of 

attachment. Measuring along one of the rows radiating from a mac~la, three zorecia are 

usually found in a distance of 2 mm. A young or even average specim n is made up of a 

central macula from which the zocecia radiate toward the growing edgel but larger examples exhibit several maculre. · 

The discoid growth, spongy basal layer, a~d the conspicuous maculre fith the radiating, 

oblique, imbricated zorecia are characters by wpich this species can readily be distinguished 

not only from all associated bryozoa but also from other species of 0 1ramopora. Mesotrypa nummiformis has a similar discoid methpd of growth but the mJch smaller zorecia, 

absence of a lunarium and the epithecated under surface are external c aracters which will 

distinguish it at once: · I · · 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon in the Rochester shale at Rochester, wiston, and Lockport, N.Y., and in the same formation at ThoJold and Grimsby, Ontario. Rather abundant in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. I · Catalogue numbers, 35464, 35465, 35466, 43280, U.S. National Museu . , I . 

CERAMOPORA NIA!)ARENSIS n. sp. 

Pl. VI. figs. 11-13. 

LJOariqm explanate, at first attached to foreign bodies, then becoming free and provided . 

with an epitheca; by the superposition of several layers, rounded or irregular lumps 2 to 4 

em. in diameter may result. Thickness of the individual layers of a zoarium· varying 

from 1 to 2 mm. Celluliferous surface rough on account of the prominent lunaria and 

exhibiting well-marked maculre composed .of jopen mesopores. Zorecial apertures nearly 

direct, ovate, three in 2 mm., rather regularly arranged about the ·maculre. Lunarium 

strongly elevated and well developed, occupyihg the posterior half of the zorecial aperture. 

Mesopores, as usual in · the genus, open at the urface and variable in size, shape, and number, but commonly about two to a zorecium. 
20 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHES'l'ER SHALE. 

Vertical sections show that the walls of the tubes are at first thin but thicken in the 

mature region where the characteristic indefinite structure and the pore-like openings are 

well exhibited. Diaphragms wanting. In tangential sections the- large, well-defined 

lunarium projecting in the zocecial cavity is the special feature, while the ovate zocecia, · 

irregular mesopo~es, and indefinite wall structure are also well brought out. 

With the exception of Oeramopora imbricata and 0 . labecula, all of the Niagaran species 

described by Hall under Oeramopora appear to be fistuliporoids. The free zoarium of 

0. imbricata and the small attached disks of 0. Zabecula are differences in growth that will 

readily distinguish them from the species here described. The open mesopores, strongly 

arched, prominent lunaria, ·and radiating zocecia present an appearance so different from 

associated bryozoa that this is not likely to be confused with any other species. 

Occurrence.-N ot uncommon in the Rochester shale at Rochester and Lockport, N. Y ., 

and at Grimsby, Ontario. Rare in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35735,35736, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus CERAMOPORELLA UJrich. 

Zoarium of incrusting layers, which by superposition may form masses; zocecia short, 

tubular, with thin walls; apertures oval, oblique, the lunarium forming a hood; mesopores 

abundant, often completely encircling the zocecia. 

Hitherto this generic type has been supposed to have been restricted to the Ordovician, 

but the following species possess all of the features of the genu~. 

CERAM<?PORELLA ORBICULATA (Ringueberg). 

Pl. IX, figs. 12-15. 

Ceramopora orbiculata Ringueberg, Bull. Buiialo Soc. Nat. Hist., V. 1886, p. 19, pl. 2, figs.13, 13a. 

Original description.-Habit parasitic, small, flat, discoid, central portion slightly elevated, from 

which point the lip of a lamination extends outward and curving backward to the outer porder of the 

disk, showing that it increased by growing upon itself in spirallaminre, and gives no evidence of any 

further latera l extension. Cells closely arranged, directed outward from the center at an oblique angle 

tending in the direction of the spiral growth, and have a prominent nariform calice over the upper side. 

Outer border of disk striate. 

From the upper part of the shale. 

The specimen described and figured by Ringueberg proved upon examination to be the 

young of a Oeramoporella, at first supposed by the writer to be a new species. These small 

incrusting disks are not uncommon in the shales, and a careful study of their zocecial 

characters will usually determine their relations to older specimens. Most of the various 

ceramoporoids and fistuliporoids commence their growth as small incrusting disks which 

appear quite distinct and often seem to bear no relation tq the mature form. The following 

are the characters of Ringueberg's species as observed in mature specimens. 

Zoarium of thin parasitic incrustations seldom exceeding 0.40 mm. in thickness. Surface smooth, exh ibiting at intervals of 2 to 2.5 mm. small, solid maculre from which the 

zocecia radiate. Zocecial apertures round to oval, placed at the bottom of vestibular areas 

formed by thin coalescing ridges occupying the interspaces. About 10 zocecia in 2 mm. 

Lunaria crescentic, small but prominent, occ,upying about one-sixth of the vestibular perimeter, and with the ends projecting slightly into the zocecial cavity. The vestibular areas 

are polygonal in outline, usually quadrangular when the radiate arrangement is pronounced, 

and bear the lunaria on the angle nearest a macula. 

A perfect specimen of this neat little species with its radiating zocecia and prominent 

lunaria forms one of the' prettiest bryozoans of this formation. The extremely small 

zocecia, polygonal outline of the vestibules, small crescentic lunarium, and the radiate, 

almost diagrammatic arrangement of the zocecia·about the maculre are characters which will 

cause this form to be easily identified. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon in the Rochester. shale at Lockport, Rochester, Lewiston, 

and Niagara Falls,N. Y., and at Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35478, 35479, 35737, U. S. National Museum.· 
CERAMOPORID1E. 

CERAMOPORELLA IRREGULARIS, n. sp. 

Pl. IX, figs. 7-9. 

Zoarium incrusting, the type specimen growing around a crinoid column and consisting 

of two superposed layers of zomcia varying from one-third to 1 mm. in thickness. Zomciai 

apertures direct, arranged radially about the maculre, which are small and inconspicuous 

and consist mainly of n:iesopores. Zomcia usually angular, 4 to 5 in 2 mm., with thin 

walls, the posterior one-fourth exhibiting the sharply elevated lunarium which is less overarching and more erect than usual. Mesopores rather numerous, angular, thin-walled, 

irregular in size and shape. 

Vertical sections show that the zomcia have a small axial region and a large peripheral 

.zone. The walls exhibit ~he indefinite hazy structure transversely marked that is characteristic of the family as a whole and is known as ceramoporoid structure. A single diaphragm is inserted in some of the zomcial tubes,. Tangential sections bring out the luna- -

rium and the irregular zomcia and mesopores particularly. , 

This interesting species is closely related to the Cincinnatian form, Oeramoporella distincta 

Ulrich, but differs in having a larger and more prominent lunarium, and more irregular 

zomcia and meso pores. Care must be taken to separate it from the a~ociated Oeramopora 

niagarensis, which it tesembles externally i~ s~~e respects. However, upon-examination 

with the lens, the angular, thin-wS:lled, direct zomcia _and mesopores of the Oeramoporella 

contrast strongly with tlie thick-walled, oblique zomcia arid long-drawn-out lunarium of the 

Oeramopora. -

Occurrence.--:-Rather rare in the Rochester shale at Lockport, N. Y. 

Catalogue number, 3548o;u. S. National Museum. · 

Genus CCELOCLEMA Ulri~h. 

The Niagaran rocks of New York and Indiana contain several -new species of ceramoporoids which in the present state of knowledge can only be referred to the Ordovician genus 

Oadoclema. These Silurian forms have several features in common which, with a careful 

study of this group, will probably cause them to be assigned elsewhere. O(Eloclema was 

established for ceramoporoids having zomcia as in Oeramoporella; but differing in that the 

zoarium formed hollow branches lined internally with a striated epitheca. 

C<ELOCLEMA CAVERNOSA n. sp . 

. Pl. XXIII, figs. 10-13. 

Zoarium of hollow branches varying in diamete~ from 2 to 5 mm., lined internally with 

a striated epitheca; ·thickness of zoariu~ 0.5 mill, or lesE?. Surface without monticules but 

rough on account of the projecting lunaria. Maculre small, solid, not a prominent feature. 

Zomcia arranged in regularly ascending diagonally intersecti_ng rows, measuring along one 

_of the rows, 5 zomcia in 2 mm. Po-sterior wall of zomcia raised, long drawn out, and overarching the aperture, forming the prominent lunarium. Internal structure as in Oeramoporella and related genera of the Ceramoporidm. 

The only associated hollow-branched species, Fistulipora tuberculosa (Hall), may readily 

be separated from the forni just described by its v:ery small, strongly bilobed zomcia and 

different internal structure. 

Occurrence.-Half a dozen specimens were fourid in the Rochester shale at Lockport, 

N. Y. ; rare in the Osgood b'eds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue number, 35471, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus SPATIOPORA .Ulrich. 

Zoarium forming thin crusts, usually on Orthoceras; zocecia very short, nearly direct; 

apertures irregulaJ;, with blunt spines at the angles, no lunarium developed; elevated, 

eJongated maculre usually a conspicuous feature. 

The following species agrees in all respects generically and i~ otherwise closely related to 

typical Cincinnatian forms, such asS. lineata Ulrich. 
22 BRYOZOAN )fAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

SPATIOPORA MACULATA (Hall). 

Pl. VIII, figs. 1-4; Pl. IX, figs. 10, 11. 

----Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, pl. 40E, figs. 7a, b. 

Paleschara maculata Hall, Twenty-eighth Ann. Rept. New York Stat e Mus. (doc. ed.), 1876, pl. 8, figs. 

9, 10; ibid. (Mus. ed.), 1879, p. 121, pl. 8, figs. 9-13. 

Paleschara maculata Hall, Eleventh Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol:Nat. Hist., 1882, p. 2461 pl. 7, figs. 9-13. 

Leptotrypa maculata Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 158. 

Paleschara? aspera Hall, Twenty-eighth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus. (doc. ed.), 1876, pl. 8, figs. 

11-13. 

Several specimens were found in the Rochester shale agreeing in all respects with typical 

examples of the species from the Waldron shale described by Hall as Paleschara maculata. 

A study of the internal and external features of these in connection with the Waldron 

specimens shows that H!J.ll's species is a Spatiopora with close relation to the Lorraine 

forms S. maculosa and S.lineata Ulrich.a The Niagaran form differs froin both, however, 

in having considerably larger zorecia. Hall has given good figures of the species and these, 

with "a drawing of the surface and internal structure, are reproduced on: Pis. VIII and IX. 

Old examples show the well-marked maculre which sugge;ted the specific name, but in young 

specimens the maculre are much less conspicuous, the principal feature being the wellmarked lineate arrangement of the zorecia. 

The zoarium of S. maculata consists of exceedingly thin expansions, generally incrusting 

the shells-of Platystoma, although smooth brachiopods are somenimes selected. Zorecia 

elongate, polygonal, and arranged lineately in young examples, measuring longitudinally 

4 to 5 in 2 mm. and 7 in the same space transversely; hexagonal, and the lineate arrangement less pronounced in older specimens where 6 zorecia may be counted in 2 mm. With 

age small spines develop until in the most mature specimens the walls inclosing a zorecium 

bear from 12 to 15 of these blunt acanthopore-like structures generally found in Spatiopora. 

Occurrence.-Waldronshale, Waldron, Ind., and Newsom, Tenn.; Rochester shale, Lock-

- port, N. Y .: and Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35461, 35462, 35463, U.S. National Museum. 

Family FISTULIPORID...tE Ulrich. 

Genus FISTULIPORA McCoy. 

Zoarium massive, lamellate, ramose, parasitic or free; under surface with a wrinkled epitheca; zorecia cylindrical or somewhat compressed, direct or almost so, thin walled until 

near the surface, and provided usually with a few diaphragms, and encircled by one or more 

series of vesicles; apertures subradially arranged about the mi:wulre, ovoid, subtriangular or 

pyriform, the lunarium more or less strongly developed; surface between apertures smooth 

or granular. 

FISTULIPORA LAMINATA (Hall). 

Pl. Vll, figs. 4-6; Pl. VIII, figs. 9, 10. 

Callopora laminata Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. 11, 1852, p. 146, pl. 40; figs. 3a-e. 

Leioclema? laminatum Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, pp. 416, 425. 

L i oclema ( ? N icholsonella) laminatum Nickles and Bassler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 173, 1900, p. 304. 

Professor Hall distinguished this species from the associated Gallopora (now Nicholsonella) 

florida by the much smaller cell apertures, but an examination of his figured type shows that 

it is a specimen of a well-marked species of Fistulipora differing from associated forms "of this 

genus in s laminar growth small zorecia, and well-developed lunarium. The zorecia are 

usually trilobate in outline because of the well-developed lunariuril occupying about onethin~ of the circumference and indenting the cavity. Five to six zorecia may be counted in 

2 mm., while the diameter of an individual zorecium is usualJy 0.20 min. lri width the interl'.Orecial spaces average the diameter of the zorecia and are occupied by vesicles, which 

a Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 167, pl. 7. 
FISTULIPORID.LE. 23 

become closely arranged as the surface is approached. At the surface the vesicles are 

replaced by a dense calcareous deposit, which gives the solid aspect to the maculre and inter . 

zorecial spaces. 

Compared with Fistulipora lockportensis, which also has a laminate growth, F. lamina.ta 

may be readily distinguished by its much smaller zorecia and strong lunaria. The other 

associated species of the genus differ so much in growth and other characters that they should 

not be confused. 

Occurrence.-Rather uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport and Rochester, N. Y., 

arid at Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35467, 35468, 35738, U. S. National Museum. 

FISTULIPORA TUBERCULOSA (Hall). 

Pl. VII, figs. 11-15; Pl. VIII, figs. 7, 8; PI. XX ~I, fig. 14. 

Rhinopora tuberculosa Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 170, pl., 40E, ,figs, 4~t-c . .... . , 

Rhino:;ora tuberculosa Grabau, Bull. N~w York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p . 175, 'fig. 77. 

The type specimen of Rhinopora tuberculosa was found by the writer to be. a somewhat 

crushed example of a Fistulipora having a utricular method of growth and occurring.in comparative abundance in the shales. Other more perfe~~ specimens show the followmg diag- -

nostic characters: 

Zoarium consisting of irregular hollow branches, with a wrinkled epitheca on the inside, 

averaging 5 mm. in diameter when not crushed; thickness of zoarium ranging from 0.5 to 

1.0 mm. Surface exhibiting at intervals averaging 3 mm. subsolid, slightly elevated monticules from which the zoreeia radiate in distinct lines. Apertm es small, elongate oval, 0.20 

mm. in their longer diameter and 0.10 mm. in the shorter, 7 to 8 in 2 mm. Lunarium very 

prominent and overarching more than one-half the aperture. Maculre and zorecial interspaces occupied by angular vesicles. 

The utricular form of growth, small zorecia, and prominent lunaria are characteristic of 

this species and cause it to be easily distinguished from associated forms of Fistulipora . 

.Although the individual branches of this species are small, an entire zoarium is often of 

considerable size, one specimen in the collection of the United States National Museum being 

13 em. high and 15 em. in breadth. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon at Lockport and other localities in western New York; 

Grimsby, Ontano. 

Catalogue numbers, 35486, 35487, U S. National Museum. 

FISTULIPORA LOCKPORTENSIS ,n. sp. 

Pl. VII, figs. 1-3. 

Zoarium forming irregular lumps made up of superposed layers 10 em. in diameter, but 

more often consisting of epithecated laminar expansions 5 em. wide arid composed of layers 

each 1! to 3 em. thick. Surface rough on account. of the large zorecial apertures and exhibiting rather irregular and inconspicuous rounded monticules. The latter may be distinguished most easily by the presence of maculre, from which tht:~ zorecia radiate. Zorecia in 

the immediate vicinity of the maculre slightly larger and with more pro111inent.lunaria; 4 

zorecia in 2 mm. Apertures rounded and with a distinctly elevated· per.istome; the posterior 

half more elevated and forming the lunaria, which is usually inconspicu:ous and seldom 

indents the zorecial cavity. Maculre and interzorecia.I spaces occupied ~s llsu'al)n the genus 

by vesicles. Diaphragms usually wanting in the zorecialt ube~ , ait.hough occas~onally a few 

thin delicate ones ~ay be developed. · t• · 1' 

The laminar or irregular growth, large·zorecia, and inconsprcnous l'unatia: are ·particularly 

characteristic of this species. The associated F.laminata also has·an e:x:planale method of 

growth, but its much smaller zorecia and well-developed lunaria wiH sei!ve as a·relidy means of 

distinction. · · '· ,. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon at Lockport and Rochester, N: Y. 

Catalogue numbers, 35488, 35489, U.S. National Museum: 
.24 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

FlSTULIPORA CRUSTULA n. Rp. Or new naine. 

Pl. VII, figs. 7- 10; Pl. VIII, figs. 16, 17; Pl. XXIII, fig. 15. 

Compare Ceramopora incrustans Hall , Nat .. Hist. N~w York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 169, pl. 40E, figs. 2a-d; Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45., 1901, p. 163, fig. 59. · 

Zoarium-incrusting, usually consisting of a single layer and this seldom more than 1 mm. 

in thickness. Surface marked \ovith conspicuous maenl , ·which are sometimes elevated, but 

inore often depressed below the plane of the zocecial aperture. Measured from center to 

center the maculre are on an average 3.5 mm. apart. Zoceeial apertures 6 fo 7 in 2 rom., 

arranged in more or less regular series radiating from th'e maculre. When the zoarium is in 

the youthful condition or the surface is worn, the zoceeial apertures are somewhat r.ounded or 

trilobate and are separated by mesopores; but tn the perfect mature stage t.he zocecial interspa.ces are occupied by walls or ridges, which, coaleRcing, form a polygonal area inclosing 

the aperture. Lunaria small, but well dcvl:'loped, appearing as a crescentic elevation at one 

of the angles and projecting slightly into the zocecial cavity. 

In thin seetions the zocecia are seen to be at first pros rate~ and then to bend almost at 

right angles direct to the surface. Interzocecial spaces occupied by a. considerable number of 

large angular vesicles, the maculre also being simply dusters of vesicles. 

The incrust ing growth, well-mark~tl. macull:l", size of zocrcia, small sharply defined crescentic lunaria, and the inclusion of the apertures in polygonal areas are particularly character- . 

isticof th is species. ln all probability the latter feature would cause this form to he regarded 

as a species of Selerwpora.Hall,a the distinguishing feature of this g(mus being the situation of 

the apertures in a polygonal area formed by coalescing ridges. ll}asmuch as this peculiarity 

has been observed in other genera, notably Ceramoporella, tbe writer has de(erred the reference of this and similar forms to Selerwpora until a thorough study of the entire group can be 

undertaken. 

The types of Ceramopora incrustans could not be found, but, judging from Hall's figures, 

that species and the one here described are.apparently thesame. The new name Fistulipora 

cru.stula is here proposed in the event of the two proving to he the sr.me, the specific name 

incrustans having been applied to a European Carbonifcrqus Fistulipora, first described by • 

Phillips as Calamopora incrustans. Should Hall's types be found and differ from the specimens of F. crustula here described, both names .will stand, unless of course Geramot>ora 

incrustans pro,·es to be a true Fistulipora, when another new name will become necessary. 

Occurrence.- Abundant in the Rochester sbale at Lockport, Niagara Gorge, and ,Rochcster, N. Y., and at Grirnshy, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35481, 35482, 35483, 3.5556; U.S. National ~1useum. 

Genus CHILOTRYPA Ulrich. 

Small ramose .FistuliporidE£ with a narrow irregularly contracting and expanding axial 

tube. . . 

CHILOTRYPA osTIOLATA (Hall). 

Pl. VI II, figs. 11-15; Pl. IX, figs. r'- 4. 

Trematopora ostiolata Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p, 152,.PL 40A, figs. 5a-m. 

Chilotrypa ostiolala Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hlst:, VU, 1884, pl. 3, figs. 7, 7a. 

Chilotrypa ostiolala C rarau, Buli. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 164·, Dg 60. 

Trematopora coalescens Hall, Nat. i: iM. !\ew York, Pal. Il, 1852, p. 150, pl. 40A, figs. 2a, b. 

Chilotrypa:' coalescens Nickles a nd na~r Pr , f• ull. U.S. Geo!. Survey No. 173,_p. 207. 

This is probably the most abundant bryozoan of the Rochester shale, fragments being 

found in great numbers·wherever the bryozoaQ beds are exposed. Often several inches or 

more of strata are composed almost entirely of fragments of this species. Hall and ·Ulrich 

have amply illustrated and described the species, but for the sake of completeness, and in 

order to give measurements, the following description is offered: 

a Nat. llist. New York, PaL VI, 1889, p. xvii. 
FISTULIPORID1E. 25 

_ Zoarium of small ramose cylindrjcal stems dividing irregularly at somewhat variable distances and averaging 2 or 3 mm. in diameter. Surface smooth but exhibiting at regular 

intervals small, solid, slightly depressed maculre, around which the zorncia are somewhat 

larger than usual and radially arranged. Zorncia rounded to oval, 0 in 2 mm. measuring 

in the . direction of their greater length, 0.20 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. Zorncial margin 

elevated highest posteriorly, where it forms the lunarium, but gradually diminishing toward 

the anterior end. Interzorncial spaces occupied by vesicles which become filled by a dense · 

deposit of tissue at the surface. Axial tube narrow, about 0.60 mm: wide at the most 

expanded portion and becoming reduced to 0.10 mm. where least expanded .. 

Through the kindness of Professor Whitfield the writer was· enabled to examine the 

types of both Trematopora ostiolata and T. coalescens, w1th the result as indicated in the 

above synonymy. The type of the latter is a broad, frequently dividing branch differing 

otherwise in no respect from typical specimens of the former. In the writer's opinion, 

this species is merely the basal portion of Ohilotrypa ostiolata. In this event the specific 

name coalescens should have precedence as its description precedes that of Trematopora 

ostiolata. However, the latter name has tecome so grafted into . the literature that it 

seems unwise to change it for the hitherto p actically unknown form, T. coalescens. 

Occurrence.-Very abundant at Lockport nd at all the other· Rochester shale localities 

in New York and Canada. Also common in the Osgood bed~ at Osgood, Ind: 

Catalogue numbers, 35492, 44117, 35490, 35491, U. S .. Nationa1 Museum. 

Genus MEEKOPORA Ulrich. 

Zoarium of broad, bifoliate fronds, celluliferous on botjl faces; zorncia with numerous 

diaphragms, oblique . apertures, and not very prominent lunaria. The following species 

is the earliest known of the genus: 

MEEKOPORA FOLIACEA (Hall). 

Pl. VIII, figs. 5, 6; Pl. IX, figs. 5, 6. 

Ceramoporafoliacea Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 170, pl. 40E, figs. 3a-c. 

Meekoporafoliacea Nickles and Bassler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 173,1900, p. 312. 

Zoarium bifoliate, growing into thin, flat expansions sometimes as much as 40 mm. in 

length and breadth; thickness usually 1 mm. Surface smooth but showing conspicuous 

narrow, solid, elongate maculre pointed distally and dividing, each of the divisions point-

. ing and narrowing in the direction of growth. Apertures oblique, subcircular, 0.20 to 0.25 

mm. in longer diameter. and 0.15 to 0.20 mm. in shorter, directed toward the growing 

edge of the zoarium and arranged in rather regular, diagonally intersecting rows. Proximal part of the zorecium slightly raised, forming the lunarium; interzorncial sp~ces solid. 

In vertical sections the zorncia are seen to be at first prostrate along the axis separating 

the two layers and then to bend abruptly toward the surface. The. interzorncial space is 

here seen to be filled with vesicles which decrease in size and increase in number as the 

surface is approached. At and just below the surface the vesicles are obscured or replaced 

by a dense calcareous tissue which gives the solid aspect of the interzorncial spaces exter-

~ally. 

The bifoliate growth of this form distinguishes it from all associated fistuliporoids, while 

the other bifoliate bryozoa are so different otherwise that specific mention· of them is not 

necessary. Other easily recognized characters are the elongate, branched maculre, the 

zorncia with lunaria pointed distally, and the solid interzorncial spaces. M eekopora foliacea is the earliest known species of the genus, and, as would be expected, has not yet 

. developed the typic ! generic characters. · . 

Whitfield and Hovey a in their catalogue of types and figured specimens in the American Museum of Natural History have regarded Hall's type of Oeramoporafoliacea as identical with Licherwlia concentrica. From a personal examination of the types of the two 

a Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. IIist., vol. 11, pt. 2, 1899, pp. 104, 105. 
26 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

species in question, the writer is certain that this is an error. The type of the former 

species is bifoliate and exhibits all the characters of the specimens here described and 

figured as M eekopora foliacea, while the types of Lichenalia concentrica are circular, uni-

]aminate expansions with totally different external and internal features. Comparison of 

the figures of the two species given on the plates of the present work will show how little 

allied these two forms really are. 

Occurrence.-A rather abundant fossil in the Rochester shale at Lockport, Rochester, 

and other localities in New York, and at Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue .numbers, 35484, 44116, U.S. National Museum. 

Order TREPOSTOMATA Ulrich. 

This order, which comprises the "monticuliporoids," is fairly well represented specifically in the Rochester shale. Species forming large zoaria, such as arc abundant in the 

Mohawkian and Cincinnatian groups, seldom occur, the majority of the forms appearing 

dwarfed or of the small ramose type. Of the number of species so far found, Hall has 

described t.welve, and Ulrich, Ringueberg, and Foerste one each. The remaining are here 

regarded as new. 

Family MONTIOULIPORID..JJ:D Nicholson. (en1.end. Ulrich). 

Genus ORBIGNYELLA Ulrich and Bassler. 

Orbignyella Ulrich and Bassler. Smithsonian Miscell. Coli. (Quart. issue), XLVII, 1904, p. 18. 

This genus was r.ecently proposed by Mr. Ulrich and the writer for the reception of 

those species which differed from true Monticulipora in having curved diaphragms instead 

of cystiphragnis, in wanting the peculiar irregularly granulose wall structure of that genus 

. and in possessing true acanthopores. 

0RBIGNYELLA EXPANSA (Ringueberg). 

Pl. X, figs. 5-8. 

Ch;rtetes expansus Ringueberg, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hi st., V. 1886, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 17. 

Original description.-Corallum spreading in an irregular lamina. Cells sharply angulate, of various 

shapes from quadrangular to hexagonal; partitions thin; margins of partitions smooth or slightly 

crenate; dentate at their juncture. The oblique rhomboid cell is seen wherever a regular growth took 

place. Length of cells, from one-sixteenth to three-sixteenths of an inch; about ten cells to one-eighth 

of an inch. 

Through the kindness of Doctor Ringueberg the writer was enabled to compare specimens with the type of the species. The following description is based upon the type and 

other well-preserved specimens ~nd thin sectiolls: . 

Zoarium of lamellate, epithecated expansions composed of one or more layers, each of 

which is usually several millimeters in thickness. Surface smooth, but exhibiting conspicuous clusters composed of zomcia attaining a diameter one and one-half times as great as 

that of the intermacular zomcia. Zorecia polygonal, thin walled, 4 in 2 mm., counting 

from the center of a macula, or 6 of the ordinary ones in the same space; when well preserved, showing minute granulations along the walls and small acanthopores usually at 

the angles. Mesopores wanting, Zorecial tubes thin walled in the short axial region, 

slightly thickened in the peripheral, where they cont~in a rather crowded series of curved 

diaphragms, three usually occurring in the distance of a tube diameter. 

This species resembles 0. lamellosa (Ulrich) of the Richmond of Illinois in several respects, 

but the smaller zomcia of the latter (8 in 2 mm.) distinguish it at once. All of the associated lamellate forms are so different that comparison is not necessary. 

Occurrence.-Uncommon at Lockport, Niagara Gorge, and Rochester, N. Y., and at 

Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35540, 35541, U.S. National Museum. 
MONTICULIPOR.ID..E-HETEROTRY PID.lE. 27 

0RB.IGNYELLA MAGNOPORA n. Sp. 

Pl. X, figs. 9-12. 

This species resembles 0. expansa in mode of growth, consisti:pg of an explanate expansion composed of one or more layers of'zocecia. It is distinguished even with the naked 

eye by the unusually large, thin-walled zocecia, of which there are 3 to 4 of the intermacular zo~cia in 2 mm., while 0. expansa, although a large-celled species, has thicker walls 

a~d G zocecia in the same space. The surface is smooth and the' maculre are sometimes 

detected with difficulty, the zocecia being usually quite uniform in size. Walls thin; 

acant hopores and mesopores wanting. Diaphragms curved and developed at intervals 

averaging their own diameter apart. 

The h.rge zocecia will distinguish this from all other species of the genus, as well as from 

associated bryozoa. 

Occurrence.-The types are from Grimsby, Ontario, but the species bas also been found 

at Lockport and Rochester, N. Y. . 

<Jatalogue numbers, 35537, 35538, 35539, U. S. National Museum. 

Genus MESOTRYP A Ulrich. 

Species of this genus are readily recognized by the discoid, generally free zoarium, with 

the zocecial tubes crossed by curved diaphragms, and mesopGre3 abundantly developed 

and closely t abulated. The following is the only species known from strata younger than 

the Ordovician: 

MESOTRYPA NUMMIFORMIS (Hall). 

Pl. X, figs. 1-4. 

Callopora nummijormis Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 18!J2. p. 148, pl. 40,.figs. 5, a, b. 

Calloporella? nummijormis Ulrich, Geol. Survey illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 416. 

Diplotrypa milleri Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 249, pl. 11, figs. 2-2c. 

Mesotrypa milleri Nickles and Bassler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 173, 1900, p. 312. 

Zoarium discoid, about 10 mm. in diameter and 3 mm. thick; base slightly concave, 

covered with a concentrically wrinkled epitheca; cellulifero~s side convex, smooth, with 

maculre composed of larger zocecia and more numerous mesopores distributed at Jntervals 

of usually 3 mm., but not cop.spicuous. Zocecial apertures, according to the number of 

mesopores, polygonal or subcircular in outline; 6 to 7 in 2 mm. Zocecial tubes crossed by 

curved diaphragms, irregular in distribution, varying from one to four in a tube diameter. 

Mesopores closely tabulated, numerous in the younger part of the zoarium, and often closing up as the surface is approached. Acanthopores apparently not present. 

A comparison of the type. specimens of the Rochester shale form, Callopora nummiformis Hall, with those of Mesotrypa milleri (Ulrich) from the corresponding horizon at 

Osgood, Ind., shows that both are founded upon the same species. Among the associated 

forms, Orbignyella expansa (Ringueberg) ~s curved diaphragms, but the explanate growth, 

absence of mesopores, and larger zocecia readily distinguish it. The only associated 

discoid species, Ceramopora imbricata Hall, is otherwise so distinct that there is little danger of confusing the two. . 

Occurrence.-Rather uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport, Rochester, and other 

localities in New York, and at Grimsby and Thorold, Ontario. More abundant in the 

Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind., ~here VJrich 's types were obtained. 

Catalogue numbers, 35542, 35543, 35544, U. S. National Museum. / 

Fa:rnily HETJ:.{~ROTRYPID_JE Ulrich. 

Genus STIGMATELLA Ulrich and Bassler. 

Hitherto this genus has been supposed · to be represented only in the Ordovician, and 

therefore the discovery of a Silurian species is not without interest. The zoarium is 

extremely variable, ranging from incrusting to massive and ramose, although each particular method of growth is constant for a species. The particular generic character, ho":(;)v~r,. .. . • • .t • • .• • • a • • • •• • 

Bull, 292-06--3 :·· :·· :. : ··: : :: :: .o.•.: .. ·: · .. ·.· : .. · .. : : .. ·Q· Q.. • •... • .... . . . : :" ... :·: :\ ::: · ... : : : •• ! :. • • • ·- ~ • ... : 
28 BRYOZOAN ~'AUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

other than the heterotrypoid wall structure, is the development of the acanthopores in 

narrow zones, which occur intermittently in the zoarium. The following species exhibits 

this character fairly well, although not so markedly as in some of the Ordo_vician forms. 

STIGMATELLA GLOBATA n. sp. 

Pl. XIV, figs. 6-9. 

Zoarium of rounded masses, globular where growth occurred about a small, short object, 

and elongate when the zorecia covered a ramose bryozoan or a similar long, narrow body; 

the variation in length of the longer diameter in the specimens studied ranging from 10 

mm. to 20 mm. Zoreeia polygonal, 7 in 2 mm., thin walled, generally in contact. Mesopores few, ltveraging one to a zorecium. Acanthopores small and moderately numerous 

when one of the zones is cut by thin sections, but otherwise practically wanting. Diaphragms few i!l both zorecia and mesopores. 

The most noticeable 'feature in vertical sections is the development of acanthopores. in 

zones averaging 0.35 mm. in length and occurring at intervals of 1 mm. A zoarium of 

some size is therefore made up of a number of such intermittent zones. 

The massive zoa rium, thin-walled polygonal zorecia, and the occurrence of the acanthapores in zones wiJI serve to distinguish this species, alth6ugh c re must be taken not to 

confound it with the similar zoaria of Diplotrypa walkeri and Lioclema globulare. 

Occurrence.~Not uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport and Rochester, N. Y. 

Catalogue number, 35769, U.S. National Museum. · 

Fa1nily BATOSTOMELLID.J'E Ulrich. 

In point of species this is the most prolific family represented in these ~hales, no less tl'ian 

fifteen forms, referred to five genera, being found. Most of the species afford excellent 

thin sections, in which the chief character of the family, the fused walls of the zorecia and 

mesopores, is well shown. 

Genus BATOSTOMELLA Ulri~h. 

A zoarium of slender, smooth, ramose branches with small, rounded or oval zoreeia, 

separated by more or less numerous mesopores and having usually very numerous acanthopores, characterizes this genus. The ~esopores, however, seldom show at the surface, 

since with age they become filled with a calcareous tissue and the surface usually shows 

only solid zorecial interspaces bearing the numerous acanthopores: 

The following species, although the first of the genus in matter of time, is very similar 

to the Mi,ssissippian types: . 

BATOSTOMELLA GRANULIFERA (Hall). 

Pl. XIII, figs. 1-5; Pl. XXIV, figs. 10,11; .Pl. XXV, figs. 11, 12. 

Trematopora granulijera Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 154, pl. 40A, figs. 9a-e. 

Batostomella granultjera Nickles and Bassler, Bull. U ... S. Geot. Survey No. 173, 1900, p. 180. 

Batostomella granul1jera Grabau, .Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, l!JOl, p . 164, fig. 61. 

Zoarium of slender, ramose branches, usually about 2 mm. iri diameter. Surface smooth, 

hirsute because of the numerous acanthopores. Zorecia rounded, elongate, 8 in 2 mm. 

longitudinally a.nd 10 to 11 transversely. .Mesopores moderately abundant, usually closed 

at the surface. Acanthopores numerous, seven on an average surrounding a zoarium. 

Zorecial tubes ~bin walled in the axial region and thickened in the peripheral, where the 

acanthopores and mesopores are developed, the latter closed, as the surface is approached, 

by a deposit of tissue. Diaphragms absent in both zorecia and mesopores. 

Several associated bryozoa, notably Acanthoclema asperum (Hall) and Lioclema ramulosum n. sp., resemble this formsuperficially. Under the definition of Lbelattertheirdiffer-

~nces are indicated, while A. asperum may l?e separated externally by its smaller branches 

and different arrangement of the zorecia, these in young specimens being arranged in quincunx 

Hn~~ ~nq «?longate-striate in old examples. internally the twQ ll!"~ of c<;mrse quite diffe~ent 1 

. : . ... : ... ... . ..... -~··. : .••..t• !:c.::: :: : .:••. ••: ••• • . •.• • •.Qo •w• •• : •.• • • : •.• •• • : .::. • 1", 

.. . : ::: .. ... . . ... . 

. .. ... . . . . . . • ·: ~ _! • • • • e • : •. . .. .. . .... . 
BATOSTOMEL~ID1E. 

Occurrence.-Very abundant at Lockport, Rochester, Middleport, and other New York 

localitie~; Grimsby, Hamilton-, and Thorold, Ontario. Rare in the Osgood beds at Osg~od, 

Ind. 

Catalogue number, 3S517, U. S. Nationall\~u~eum. 

Genus BYTHOPORA Miller and Dyer. 

The oblique apertures drawn out anteriorly, canaliculate interspaces, and few mesopores 

and acanthopores characterize this genus. 

BYTHOPORA SPINULOSA (Hall). 

Pl. Xlli, figs: 6, 7; Pl. XX 1 V, figs. 12 13. 

Trematopora pinulo.~a Hall, Nat. Hist. New Yor..:, Pal.ll, 1852'; p.l55, pl. .40A, figs.11a-c. 

Bythopora splnulosa Nickles and Bassler. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. l 13. 1900, p. 180. 

Bythopora spmulosa Grabau, Bull. New York State· Mus., No 45, 1901, p. 166. ·fig: 64. 

·This little form is easily recognized by its narrow cylindrical branches 1 to 2 mm. in 

diameter, with surface smooth except that, at intervals of about 0.5 mm., sharp, dmical 

projections 0.1 to 0.2 mm. in height are developed. 

Zoc::ecia thin walled in the' axial region, proceeding in a gradual curve to the surface, where 

they open obliquely ; walls in the peripheral region considerably thickened. Apertures 

long, oval, the posterior end somewhat elevated, 7 or 8 in 2 mm. measuring lengthwise. 

Diaphragms and mesopores not developed. Acanthopor~s . wantmg unless the sharp 

projections of the surface are o( the nature of these structures. 

Occurrence. _:_Common at Lockport., Rochester, Lewistoi1, and Niagara Falls, N. Y.; 

Thorold, Hamilton, and Grirnsby, Ontario. _ 

Catalogue number, 3."i5l6, U. S. National Muse_um. 

Genus ERIDOTR YPA Ulrich. 

This long-lived generic type is well represented in the Rochester shale both in the way of 

species and in the comparative abundance of specimens. The characters ·of Eridolrypa, as 

based on the genotype E. rnutabths Ulrich , a Middle Ordovician species, are ramose zoaria 

having more or less oblique, thick-walled zoc::ecia with diaphragms most closely set in the 

earlier pal't ot the,short mature region, a variable number of mesopores with numeroLIS diaphragms, and few small acanthopores. The Ordo\·ician speeies usua lly possess all of the 

generic eharacters as given above, but those from later formatiOns sometimes diverge widely 

from the generic defimtions. E. str-iata (Hall) possesses the typrcal generic characters and 

evidently is a survivor ot the E. mutabdis group of species. E spmosa., however, differs by 

developing a large number of well-marked acanthopores, while E. nod1dosa and E. soltda vary 

in another directiOn by having diaphragms m neither the zoc::ecia nor mesopores, these three 

s"pPcies in all other respects, however, being true members of the genus. This same variation 

is exhibited in· other Silurian and Devonian species of the genus, of which six or seven have 

been described, and severa l new forms have been found. When the knowledge of the genus 

is more complete, it will probably be found that, although essentially the same general type 

of structure pertains to all, now and then species are developed. with characters indicating 

relations to other genera. The vertical sections of E . nodulosa and Bythopor-a spinulosa. 

(Hall), as figured on Pis. XI and Xlll, are certa inly very similar. 

ERIDOTRYPA SPINOSA n . sp. 

PL xn, figs. 1-3; PI. f{X v, fig. 15. 

ThiS' fine species is readily distinguished from the described _species of Eridotrypa and 

from the associated solid ramose bryozoa by Its large, thick-walled zoc::ecia and very numerous acanthopores. The warium is of ramose, frequently divid ing cylindrical branches 

about 3 mm. m thickness. The surface of the branches is smooth, the maculaJ being so 

inconspicuous as to be detected with difficulty. 
30 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

A..<i is usual with species of this genus, the zorecial apertures vary considerably in appearance at the surface. In young stages the apertures are elongate, the walls slightly raised 

posteriorly and often confluent with those of the next. zorecium, thereby giving a striate 

appearance to the branch. With age the apertures become more direct and polygonal, 

the walls ridge-shaped and thickened, and numerous blunt acanthopores. appear. I'n the 

latter condition a few mesopores are observed, these usually appearing as shallow depressions between the zorecia. Measuring longitudinally, 4 zorecia may be counted in 2 mm. 

Thin sections bring out especially the .large number of acanthopores and the thick 

zorecial walls characteristic of the species. They also show that the tabulation is very 

much like that prevailing in the typical Ordovician species of the genus, namely, that 

diaphragms are most abundant near the turn from the axial to the peripheral region, that 

they are present but less numerous in the axial region, and that they are often wanting in 

the outer part of the peripheral zone. The acanthopore:: are very large for the genus and 

are most frequently arranged in rows paralleling the 1E·ngth of the branch. Sometimes as 

many as fourteen are seen surrounding a zorecium, although eight is the usual number. 

The mesopores are irregularly developed an:i arc of various sizes and shapes. When seen 

in vertical sections they show the usual development of diaphragms. Comparisons with 

the associated and somewhat similar species E'. striata (Ha1l) are given under the description 

of that form. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon in the Rochester shale at Grimsby, Ontario; ' rare at 

Lockport and Lewiston, but more abundant at Rochester, N.Y. Common in the Osgood 

beds at Osgood, lnd. . . 

Catalogue numbers, 35521, 35522, 35739, 44128, U S. National Museum. 

ERIDOTRYPA NODULOSA n. sp. 

Pl. XI, figs 14, 15; Pl. XXV, figs. 1-3. 

Zoarium of small, slender, cylindrical, monticulated. branches about 2 mm. in diameter, 

dividing at intervals of 10 mm. or more. The maculre are dev0loped somedmes as sharp 

tubercules, but usually as str.ongly elevated elongate monticules which by their confluence 

assume an annular or spiral arrangement.. Zorecia varying, according to the maturity of 

the specimen, from oval oblique in young e:X'amplos to polygonal in older specimens. A 

few small acanthopores are sometimes observed at the surface and mature examp1es ~how 

mcsopores to be present. ' . 

internal characters -Because of the very short peripheral region, tangential sections are 

difficult to prepare but sections of a very old example show polygonal zorecia, large and 

irregular mesopores and small acanthopores. Diaphragms wanting in both zorecia and 

mesopores. 

The strongly montic~lated zoarium distinguishes th,is from small ramose forms associated 

with it. Trematopora tuberculosa bas a similar momiculated zoarium, but its branches are 

considerably larger and the external and internal features are totaily different, as a glance 

at the figures will show. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon at Lockport and Rochester, N. Y. 

Cat.alogue number, 35524, U.S National Museum. 

ERIDOTRYP A SOLID A (Hall). 

Pl. X II, figs. 7-9; Pl. X X 1 V, figs. 20-23; .Pl. XXV, fig. 16. 

Trematopora solida Ball, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 153, pl. 40A, figs. 6a-e. 

Homotrypa 'I solida Nickles and Bassler, Bull. U.S. GeOJ. Sur·vey No. 173, 1900, p. 293. 

This is one of the largest solid, ramose bryozoa occurring in the Rochester, and the 

thick cylindrical branches varying from 5 to 10 mm. in di~meter, together with. the smooth 

surface, thin-walled angular zocecia1 and f_ew mesopores, distinguish it from the associated 

forms. 
BAf OSTOMELLID£. 31 

The specimens usually found ha1e elongate polygonal zorecia op ning at the sur(ace 

somewhat obfi'quely. The oldest spt cimen seen shows the following e ternal and internal 

charac.ters. At the surface the zoreci are dire. ct, thin walled, polygonal .in cont~ct la.terally, 

but with the angles occupied by sha.l ow mesopores. Sections show t at the zorecial tubes 

are thin walled and flexuous in the axial region and but slightly th'ckened in the very 

short peripheral zone, where a few mesopores and still fewer acantho ores are developed. 

Not a trace of a diaphr~gm has been observed in eithe'r zorecia or me opores. Measuring 

lengthwise, 6 to 7 zorecia in 2 mm. J 

The resemblance of this species ib several respects to Homotrypa con;fluens Foerste a 

and Homotrypa similis Foord li cauJ.ed Nickles and the writer to ref r it as above: The 

two species mentioned have thin flef uous walls in the a:X:ial region an a short peripheral 

zone, both of which are characters ~ E. solida, but they differ in deve oping a short series 

of cystiphragms and diaphragms. In spite of this difference in ta ulation, these three 

species have much in common and ruture. investigations may show hat Eridotrypa and 

· this section of Homotrypa are more €1osely related than the classifica ion now shows. E. 

solida is far from· being a typical E f dotrypa, but its combination of haracters seems to 

indicate that genus more than any other. A similar species is Eridot ypa appressa Ulrich 

from the Hamilton formation of-lllibois and Iowa. 

This species is so different from the associated members of the genu that comparison is 

not necessary. The external characters have already been pointed o t and vertical fractures show the short peripheral regi n and absence of diaphragms ve y well with a' hand 

lens. Specimens are often found crushed, the thin-walled axial re ion apparently not 

being able to stand much pressure. j . 

Professor Hall mentions this as a rare form, but it seems to be qu te abundant in the 

collections. [ 

Occurrence.-Common at Lockport, RocQester, and other localities in ew York; Grimsby 

and Thorold, Ontario. · I . 

Catalogue numbers, 35525, 35526, 1.!J. S. National Museum. 

I . Emnf TRYPA SIMILIS n. sp. 

Pl. XII, figs. 10-14; Pl. XXVI, figs. 1, 2. 

Zoarium apparently free, consistidg of a short, stout basal portion obt~sely pointe<J at 

the lower end and growing upward by dichotomous branching into si or more cylindrical 

stems, usually about 5 mm. in diameter. Surface smooth, the maculre being inconspicuous 

and distinguished by having slightly larger zorecia and more numer us mesopores than 

usual. Zorecial apertures direct, vatsing from angular' to rounded, t e shape depending 

upon the number of mesopores present. Walls ridge-shaped at th surface and hence 

appearing thin, but in thin section~ they are seen to be considerabl thickened. Wellpreserved specimens show·small acaJthopores at the junction angles f the walls. Mesopores numerous in the maculre, whe+ they isolate the zorecia, elsewh re usually few and 

placed in the angles between the zomcia. Five to 6 zorecia in 2 mm. 

The external as ll as inte.rnal characters of this form are such that he specie.s should be 

· recognized with little difficulty. In jthe immature region the zorecia re thin walled and 

have.· dia. phragms distributed at interals of abo~t fiv. e times their _owr diameter .. In the 

late Immature and early part of the j mature regwn one or more d1ap ragms are ms-erted 

and are placed about their own diameter apart when more than one ar present. The late 

part of the mature region shows no di phragms. Compared with the z cia, the mesopores 

are closely tabulated, for here the diabhragms are arranged about their own diameter apart 

throughout the tube length. Tangential sections show that the zoreci are rounded polygonal in outline and that each is su rounded by a thick ring-like wa l composed of finegrained sclerenchymatous tissue. The mesopores usually have no dis inct investing wall 

' I a Ge"O-l. Survey Ohio, VII, 1895, p. 600. b Contrib. Micro-Pal. Cam ro-Sil., Canada, 1883, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 2-2d. 
32 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

like. that of the zorecia, and appear as mere openings between the zorecia. However, 

sections through the mature region of aged specimens (see Pl. XII, fig. 13), in addition to 

rather numerous small, granular, knotty acanthopores, show thick walls encircling both 

zorecia and mesopores. 

The zoarial gr9wth of this interesting species is precisely the same as that pertaining 

to the highly characteristic Trenton bryozoan Eridotrypa briareus (Nicholson).a Internally 

the two species are also similar, but the slightly larger zorecia and larger and more numerous 

acanthopores of the Niagaran species will serve to distinguish them. 

Occurence.-A dozen or more specimens were fou.rid at Lockport, Niagara Falls, and 

Lewiston, N. Y., Grimsby and Thorold, Ontario. · 

Catalogue numbers, 35518, 35519, 35520, U. S. National Museum. 

ERIDOTRYPA STRIATA (Hall). 

Pl. XII, figs. 4-6; Pl. XXIV, figs. 3-6; Pl. XXV, fig. 14. 

Trematopora striata Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 153, pl. 40, fig. 7a-d. 

Trematopora ?striata Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 167, fig. 66. 

The specimens described and figured by Hall as Trematopora striata prove upon examination to be the basal portions of a species of Eridotrypa found rather frequently in the 

Rochester shale. . . 

As usual in basal .expansions or on old examples overgrown by a layer of young zorecial 

tubes, the zorecia of this as well as other species of Eridotrypa are oblique and drawn out 

anteriorly. This seems to be a more permanent character in E . striata than in other species, 

and suggested the specific name . 

. The base of E. striata is seldom found, the more abundant specimens being fragments 

of the slender branching zoarium. The specimen figured ori Pl. XXV is typical and shows 

the character of the species. . 

Internally E. striata diflers little from the typical species of the genus. Indeed, in all 

features this Ni~garan form is very close to the Ordovician species E. mutabilis. Compared 

with associated bryozoa, E. striata resembles TJ;. spinosa, but the smaller zoarium, smaller 

zorecia (6 in 2 mm.), and the few small acanthopores of the former will serve to distinguish 

the two forms. 

Occurrence.--Common in the Rochester shale at Lockport, Niagara Falls, and Rochester, 

N.Y., and at Grimsby, Ontario. Also rather abundant in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35545, 44132, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus LIOCLEMA Ulrich. 

Although this genus reached its highest development specifically in later rocks, the 

Rochester shale affords a good representation. Individuals of the various species found 

here occur usually quite frequently, L. asperum and L. multiporum being particularly 

abundant, L. ramulosum being not uncommon among the small ramose forms, and L. e;rplanatum and L. circinctum occurring least often. Some of these have a wide geographical 

distribution, the three first mentioned occurring also in Indiana. 

LIOCLEMA ASPERUM (Hall). 

Pl. XI, figs. 1-3; Pl. XXIV, figs. 14-16. 

Callopora aspera Hall, Nat. Hif?t: ew York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 147, pl. 40; figs. 4 a-i. 

Lioclema asperum Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, pp. 416, 425. 

Lioclema aspera Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 165, fig. 63. 

Zoarium incrusting foreign bodies, forming, by the superposition of several layers, round 

or irregular masses, or, by growth upon ramose bryozoa or other cylindrical objects, rounded 

branches. Layers varying from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. in thickness; surface smooth, but, when 

well preserved, hirsute from the · abundance of acanthopores. Maculre of slightly larger 

zorecia and more abundant mesopores but not a conspicuous feature. 

a Cha:tetes briareus Nicholson, Geol. Survey Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 202, Pl. XXI, figs. 13-13b. 
33 

Zorecia thin walled, 6 in 2 mm., polygonal to rounded, the outline epending upon the 

number of mesopores intervening. Mesopores open at the surface, nu erous, and because 

of their frequency ,the zorecia are seldom in contact. In the maculrej ofte~ three rows of 

mesopores separate adjoining zorecia. Acanthopores large and numerous, 3 to 5 usually 

encircling a zocecium and often indenting the zo<Pcial cavity, thus gividg a petaloid appearance seen at the surface and in sections. I 

Internal characters.-This species affords very pretty thin sections, the tangential especially 

so when showing the full development of acanthopores and meso pores. In such a section the 

acanthopores are seen to be large, sometimes as much as 0.1 mm. in diameter, and to show 

the central canal distinctly . . Zorecia as a rule 0.20 mm. in diameter and with walls slightly 

thicker than those of the meso pores. vertical se~tions indicate that the axial region is short 

and the bend to the peripheral often quite abrupt. With the inception of the latter region 

mesopores are -developed. Diaphragms are practically wanting in the zorecial tubes, but 

are quite abundant in the mesopores, being placed at intervals varying from oQe-half to a 

whole tube diameter. Some of the numerous acanthopores are cut by vertical sections 

which show clearly the internal featares of these structures. 

· The incrusting habit of growth, smooth surface, size of zorecia, abundant and unusually. 

large, conspicuous acanthopores and numerous mesopores cause this species to be easily 

identified. The only form with which it might be confused is the associated and very 

abundant L. multiporum, but the latter has much smaller zocecia and unusually numerous, 

small meso pores· and acanthopores to distinguish it, irrespective of the different internal 

structure. Certain forms of L. asperum re~emble the two lamellate species L. circinctum 

and L. exptanatum. The similarity, however, is only in method of growth, the other specific 

characters being quite different. 

Occurrence.-Abundant in the Rochester shale at Lockport, Rochester, Niagara Gorge, 

and near Lewiston, N. Y., and at Grimsby, Ontario. Not uncommon in the Osgood beds 

at Osgood, Ind~ -

Cata1ogue numbers, 35504,35505,44124, U.S. National Museum. 

LIOCLEMA EXPLANATUM n. sp. 

Pl. XIII, figs. 8-10; Pl. XXVI, fig. 4. 

Zoarium, a laminar expansion composed of a single layer varying from several millimeters 

to a centimeter or more in thickness, or a more or less rounde-4l mass formed of several superposed layers; under surface concentrically wrinkled; upper surface celluliferous, smooth, 

with maculre inconspicuous. Zocecia subcircular, those in the intermacular spaces averaging 

0.25 mm. in diameter and about five occurring in 2 mm. Mesopores large, rather numerous, 

and usually isolating the zocecia. Acanthopores small, inconspicuous, and generally seen 

only in thin sections; few in number, an average of two to a zoaiium, although sometimes 

as many as four may be pressnt. 

The principal internal characteristic of this species is the loose. tabulation of both the 

zorecial tubes and the mesopores and in this respect L. explanatum differs from all the associated forms of Liodema. In the zocecia the diaphragms vary in distance from eac;h other 

from a tube diameter to three or more times that dimension. The same variation is exhibited 

in the mesopores, but because of their narrower diameter these appear more closely tabulated. 

The laminar growth, large zorecia, and comparatively few and small acanthopores, distinguish this species externally from the associated forms of the genus, while the internal 

characters, 1)-S mentio_ned above, are quite different from any of the other species. Associated laminar species, such as Nicholsonella florida (Hall), will not be confused because of 

their floriform apertures and solid interzorecial spaces. · Probably the closest ally is L. 

asperum, but the different tabulation, larger zorecia, explanate growth, and especially the 

much less numerous and smaller acanthopores, are points of difference. 

Occurrence".-Rochester shale, not uncommon at Rochester, N.Y. Osgood beds, rare at 

Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue number, 35503, U.S. National Museum. 
34 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

LIOCLEM.\ CIRCINCTUM n. sp . 

• Pl. XIII, figs. 11-14. 

The growth of this beautiful species is the same as that of L. explanatum, consisting of 

severallaminre growing upon each other and producing an expansion several centimeters in 

diameter and three or four millimeters in thickness. Celluliferous surface smooth, under 

surface covered with a wrinkled epitheca. Zorecia isolated from each other by at least one 

row of numerous small mesopores, sometimes by two or three rows, while in the maculre 

four or five rows may be found separating the zorecia, which here are a trifle larger than 

usual. Because of the number and small size of the mesopores the outline of the zorecia 

-varies from many sided to approximately circular, the latter shape occurring more frequently. 

An average zorecium is 0.18 mm. in diameter; 6 in 2 mm. Mesopores small, polygonal, as 

many as fourteen sometimes obs:;rved bordering a zorecium. Acanthopores apparently 

wanting. Diaphragms developed at intervals of a tube diameter or less in the mesopores 

but wanting in the zorecia. Tangential sections when viewed under a high power show the 

finely granulose wall structure figured on Pl. XIII. 

The small numerous mesopores isolating the zorecia, absenc3 of acanthoporcs, and explanate zoarium will distinguish this fine species. L. explanatum, although similar in growth, is 

readily distinguished by its acanthopores, larger zorecia, larger and fewer mesopores, and 

different tabulation of both zorecia and mesopores. The other species of the genus are so 

different that comparisons are hardly necessary. 

Occurrence.-Rochester shale, rare at Lockport, N.Y. 

Catalogue number, 35509, U.S. National Museum. 

LIOCLEMA MULTIPORUM n. sp. 

Pl. XI, figs. 4-6; Pl. XXIII, fig. 18; Pl. XXVII, fig. 20. 

This species resembles L. asperum in habit of growth, but under a hand lens is easily distinguished by having much smaller zorecia and an unusually large number of small acanthopores and mesopores. The surface is smooth and the maculre are composed chiefly of 

mesopores. The zorecia are irregularly rounded or floriform in outline because of the 

numerous acanthopores indenting their walls. An average zorecium is 0.17 mm. in diameter 

and seven zorecia may be counted in 2 mm. Mesopores small, two or three rows usually 

isolating the zorecia, although in the maculre swen or eight rows may be counted. Acanthopores small, ve~y numerouil, seven or eight often encircling a zorecium, and many 

developed among the mesopores. 

Internally L. multiporum exhibits a marked difference from L. asperum, in that diaphragms are almost entirely wanting in both zorecia and mcsoporcs, and in that the walls 

of the peripheral region are considerably thickened., . Fossils incrusted by this species often 

also bear expansion§! of L. asperum, and such specimens exhibiting the two forms side by 

side show the specific differences very clearly. 

All of a small lot of specimens collected at the same locality ~t Rochester, N.Y., showed a 

departure from the usual method of growth in that their zoaria rose into dwarfed branches. 

Here apparently the conditions were such as to allow an erect zoarium to develop. 

Occurrence.-An abundant species in the Rochester shale, the types being from Lockport, 

but Rochester, Niagara Gorge, and near Lewiston, N. Y ., and Hamilton and Grimsby, 

Ontario; furnish many specimens. Specimens are also found, although more rarely, in the 

Osgood beds outcropping neat· Waldron, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35501,35502,44122, U.S. National Museum. 
BATOSTOMELLID1E. 35 

LIOCLEMA RAMULOSUM n. sp. 

Pl. XI, figs. 11-13; Pl. XXV, figs, 9, 10. 

Probably Callopora n. s. Hall, Nat .... Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, pl. 40, figs. 6 a, b. 

This neat form is easily distinguished from the associated species of Lioclema by its ramose 

habit of growth and few but large acanthopores. The branches are cylindrical, 2 to 3 mm. 

in diameter, and divide at intervals of about 10 mm. Surface smooth. Zorecia thin-walled, 

elongate polygonal or rounded, averaging 0.20 mm. in length, 0. 12 mm. in width, and measuring lengthwise 7 in 2 mm.; isolated from each other by one or two rows of open, angular 

mesopores. Acanthopores few, but quite conspicuous, about ·1 to each zorecium and 

arranged with a certain amount of regularity among the mesopores. Zorecial tubes thin 

walled and somewhat flexuous in the axial region, but becoming thickened in the peripheral 

region. Diaphragms wanting in both regions of the zorecia and seldom if ever developed in 

the mesopores. · · 

To the unaided eye this species is identical with the associated Batostomella granulifera 

(Hall), but with a hand lens the two are easily separated; L. ramulosum by the open mesopores and few large acanthopores, and B. granulifera by its very numerous acanthopores and 

closed mesopores. Internally the two 'are also quite different. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport, N.Y., and Grimsby, 

Ontario. Rare in the Osgood beds near Waldron, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35508, 44125, U.S. National Museum. 

LIOCLEMA GLOBULARE n. sp. 

Pl. XXVII, figs. 18, 19. 

Zoarium a rounded mass about 10 mm. in diameter. Zorecia polygonal, almost circular 

when the mesopores are more numerous than usual, larger than associated species of Lioclema, 

5 occurring in 2 mm., and the average diameter being 0.30 mm. Mesopores small but sometimes numerous enough to isolate the zorecia. .Acanthopores few and ipconspicuous, rarely 

seen at the surface, and determined with certainty only in thin sections. Diaphragms wanting in the zorecial tubes and developed at irregular intervals in the mesopores. 

Although the large zorecia, few acanthopores, and globular method of growth will serve 

to distinguish this from the associated species of Lioclema, still care must be exercised to 

separate it from Diplotrypa walkeri. In growth, size of zorecia, and number of mesopores, 

as well as other external features, the latter species is precisely the same, but thin sections 

show the different generic relations. In D. walkeri, however, the mesopores have straight 

walls and are crossed by closely set, regularly arranged diaphragms, while the walls of L. 

globulare are indented wherever diaphragms are insetted, thus giving a beaded appearance 

to the mesopore. In addition, the diaphragms of L. globulare are irregular in shape, number, and placement. A vertical fracture therefore will serve to distinguish the zoaria of the 

two species, L. globulare ,showing no diaphragms in the zorecia and irregularly spaced diaphragms in the beaded mesopores, and D. walkeri exhibiting diaphragms in both zorecia and 

mesopores, closely placed in the latter. 

Occurrence.-Rare in the Rochester shale at Lockport, N.Y. 

Catalogue number, 35771, U.S. National Museum. 

LIOCLEMA PECULIARE n. sp. 

Pl. XXIII, figs. 19-22; Pl. XXV, fig. 13. 

A number of specimens of Lioclema have been found in the collections from Lockport and 

other Rochester shale localities that differ from the associated species of the genus particularly in that the walls of the zorecia show at the surface a row of small crowded granular-like 

acanthopores. An examinati-on with a hand lens will thus readily determine this form, but 

other points of difference are the thin-walled zorecia and unusua'lly few mesopores. The 

following description is believed to contain the more important characters. 
36 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Zoarium incrusting, species of .Atrypa being selected most often, but other brachiopods, 

bryozoa, or trilobite tests also observed to have been grown upon by this species. These 

incrustations are generally thin and seldom consist of more than two superposed layers, each 

averaging 0.6 mm. in thickness. Surface smooth, maculre inconspicuous. Zorecia polygonal, 7 in 2 min., with thin walls. Mesopores-usually few, seldom numerous enough to isolate 

the zorecia. Internally as well as externally the most striking feature is the crowded row 

of small granules or acanthopores which occupy the zorecial wall. These are particularly 

well shown in tangential section but are also generally to be seen at the surface. Acanthopores of the size and shape usually seen in species of Lioclema. seem to be entirely absent. 

Occurrence.-Rochester shale, Lockport and other localities in New York. Rare in the 

Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbe~, 35770, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus LIOCLEMELLA Foerste. 

Zorecial structure much as in Lioclema but the zoarium consists of cylindrical, fusiform or 

branched stems pointed at the· base for articulation. 

LIOCLEMELLA MACCOMBI n. sp. 

Pl. XI, figs. 7-10; Pl. XXV, figs. 5-7. 

Zoarium of slender, smooth, unbranched, cylindrical stems, 1.5 to 2 mm. in diameter and 

reaching a length of 30 mm., pointed at the proximal end for articulation with a base 

attached to foreign obj ects. Short examples are thickest and rounded at the distal extremity while long specimens have their great~st diameter about the middle and taper gradually 

toward each end. Zorecia thin walled, angular, 6 in 2 mm. Mesopores variable in number, 

generally small and few, but sometimes so numerous as to isolate the zorecia. Well-preserved mature specimens exhibit small, but well-marked acanthopores occupying the. junction angles of the zorecia. Vertical sections show that the zorecial tubes proceed to the 

surface in a gentle curve and that the diaphragms seem to be restricted to the axial regi0n, 

where they vary from one-half to two tube diameters in distance from each other. In the 

mesopores the diaphragms are about their own diameter apart. Tangential sections 

exhib.it the small acanthopores occupying the junction angles. 

Compared with described species of LiodemeUa, L. maccombi resembles, especially in mode 

of growth, L.f'/13iformis (Whitfield) and L. subfusiformis (James) from the Richmond formation, and L. ohioensis (Foerste), a Clinton species, but differs from each in having decidedly 

larger zorecia and few mesopores. When complete, the shape of the zoarium distinguishes 

this species from associated forms, but ~mall fragments sometimes bear a great resemblance 

to similar specimens of Eridotrypa striata (Hall). The latter species, however, branches frequently and fragments usually show a bifurcation, while the zorecia also are usually quite 

elongate. Fragments of L. maccombi do not branch, usually taper slightly, and have thinwalled polygonal zorecia. . 

This fine species is named i:Q honor of 11r. George T. McComb, of Lockport, N. Y., who 

by collections has generously aided the writer in making this paper as compkte as possible. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon in the washings and on slabs from the Rochester shale at 

Lockport, Lewiston, and Niagara. Falls, N.Y., an.d Grimsby and Hamilton, Ontario. Rare 

in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35535, 35536, U. S. National Museum. 
TREPOSTOMATA. 37 

Family AMPLEXOPORID.JE Ulrich. 

Genus RHOMBOTRYPA Ulrich and Bassler. 

The quadrate shape of the zomcia in the axial region is especially characteristic of this 

genus. . This feature is best obsttrved at the ends of the branches. 

RHOMBOTRYPA SPINULIFERA n. sp. 

Pl. X, figs. 13-16; Pl. XXV; fig. 21. 

Zoarium small, ramose; branches slender, cylindrical, about 3 mm. in diameter, dividjng 

·at intervals of 10 mm. or wore; surface smooth, maculre not a conspicuous feature, and 

composed of mesopores and of zomcia slightly larger than usual. In mature specimens the 

zomeia at the surface are thin walled, rounded to elongate polygonal in outline and separated 

from each other, sometimes entirely but usually only laterally, by mesopores. Mature 

specimens also show sm·all acanthopores rather regularly distributed and about one to each 

zomeium. In young specimens the zomcia are rhomboidal in shape and arranged regularly 

in quincunx lines. 

Tangentift.l sections show that the mesopores are quite variable in number and shape and 

that the spines of the surface are of_ th~, nature of true acanthopores; 6 to 7 zomcia in 2 mm., 

measuring longitudinally, and transversely 10 to 11 rows in the same space. Transverse . 

sections show the zomcia to be quadrate in outline in t he axial region, 11 to 12 in 2 mm. 

In Hle axial region of vertical sections the zomcial \Valls are thin and become but slightly 

thic ened in the peripheral; diaphragms wanting entirely in the ZO$Cia. and very few in 

the mesopores. Vertical sections also indicate that new tubes are interpolated at approximat ly the same level. Vertical fractures also bring out this fact by showing alternate 

zone$ of smo~ h sides and of rough edges, the zomcial tubes exhibiting in the first instance I • 

the ~at sides of their walls,and in the latter case exposing their angles. In order to accommodate new zomcia this turning about 6£ the t ubes in the axial region becomes necessary 

- becar se of their quadrate shape. These' zones of t. urnings are concentric· and occur at 

interyals of about--0.7 mm. · . . 

By a glance at the quadrate zomcia exposed at the end of a branch one distinguishes this 

neat lspecies fromassociated small ramose forms. The presence of acanthopores separates 

it from other species of the genus. 

n t·ltherto this type of monticuliporoids has been supposed to have been confined to the 

Rich nand formation, the type. of the genus, R. quadrata (Rominger) being a very characteris ic fossil of these rocks. The discovery of the spe.cies just described in younger rocks 

is thbrefore of considerable interest. ·• 

Odp urrence.----Rather rare in the Rochester shale at Lockport, where the type specimen 

was found, and at Thorold, Ontario, but not uncommon at Rochester, N.Y. The species 

has dlso been noted in comparative abundance in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

C talogue numbers, 3559.4, 35595, U.S. National Museum. 

Family CONSTELLARIID.JE Ulrich. 

Genus NICHOLSONELLA Ulrich. 

THe following two species are apparently the last representatives of this genus, which is 

l.den{ified for the first time in the Silurian syst em. As might be expected, both difTer in 

som1· respects from the typical Ordovician species, but. the general aspec; of each is such 

that Nicholsonella seems the only genus to which they can be referred with some certainty. 

Both' develop the peculiar character of Nicholsonella, namely, that with age the walls of 

the r esopores become obscured by a calcareous deposit filling the interzomcial spaces. 

Inder d, the_ walls of ~he_ zomcia and mesopore~ haYe an indefinit e strnctu~e throughout :he 

mature regwn that Js m marked contrast With the clear-cut walls of Lwclema, to wh1ch 

genJs both species had formerly been referred. 
38 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

NICHOLSONELLA FLORIDA (Hail). 

Pl. XIV, figs. 10, 11; Pl. XXIV, figs. 1, 2. 

Callopora florida Hall, Nat. Hist New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 146, pl. 40, figs. 2a-f. 

Leioclema jloridum Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, pp. 416, 425. 

Lioclema florida Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 165, fig. 62. 

Lioclema (? Nicholsonella) jloridum Nickles and Bassler, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 173, 1900, p. 304. 

Zoarium an explanate expansion varying from 3 to lQ mm. in thickness and sometimes 

attaining a width of 50 mm., although the specimens ate usually seldom over 25 mm. wide. 

Base marked with a wrinkled epitheca. Celluliferous surfaces without monticules, even, 

the maculre being inconspicuous and composed of groups of zorecia of the normal size but 

separated by inters paces slightly wider than usual. Zorecia larg~, rounded, two to three in 2 

mm., and on an average slightly less than 0.5 mm. in diameter. Apertures floriform, the 

acanthopores inflecting the zorecial walls which encroach upon the zorecial cavity. Interzorecial spaces open in young specimens and showing one or two rows of mesopores separating adjoining zorecia, but in old specimens closed with a solid, granulose deposit. Acanthopores large, numerous, averaging four or five to each zorecium, and illflecting the '''alls 

so as to give the floriform or petaloid appearance to the zorecial aperture. 

Internal characters.-Carefully prepared vertic~! sections show a very short, immature 

region in which the zorecia are prostrate, and although their walls are of a clearer structure 

·than that obtaining in the mature zone, even here their indistinct nature is clearly shown. 

With the inception of the mature region, the bend to which is quite abrupt, mesopores and 

acanthopores are developed. Here the wall structure already noted becomes still less distinct, and, finally, in the older parts of the zoarium, the walls of the zorecia, and especially 

of the mesopores, become obliterated by a deposit of granular tissue. Diaphragms are 

inserted in the zorecial tubes at an average distance apart of a trifle less than their own 

diameter. The diaphragms of the mesopores are at a like distance from each other, but 

because of their narrower diameter appear more crowded. 

As is usual iR most Trepostomata, the diaphragms are more abundant in the later than in 

the earlier parts of ·the mature region. The acanthopores of this and of the following 

species are quite different from the norm~l form of this structure, as they are seen in vertical 

sections to b~ simply tubes with a more or less definite wall inclosing a central clear space. 

No trace of the usual laminated tissue arranged in cone-like layers and pierced vertically by 

a central canal can be observed. 

Tangential sections present various appearances, according to the portion of the zoarium 

cut by them. At the beginning of the peripheral regions the walls of the zorecia and mesopores are thin and although h~zy in structure are still fairly lear. Here the acanthopores 

are small and inconspicuous. Higher up in_ the mature region the walls are considerably 

thickened and the acanthopores have increased in size and number. Finally, in the most 

mature or aged condition, the interzorecial space is occupied by a granular tissue obscuring 

the mesopores and through which the acanthopores pierce. 

The large, rounded, isolated zorecia, floriform apertures, closed interspaces, numerous 

acanthopores, and explanate growth, are characters which make the identification of this 

species quite easy. The closely related form N. ringuebergi n. sp. is distinguished by the 

presence of much smaller zorec1a. Lwclema explanatum has a similar method of growth but 

the smaller zorecia and open mesopores are points of difference distinguished by the unaided 

eye. Internally the two are also quite different as their respective generic references 

indicate. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport, Rochester, Niagara 

Falls, and Lewiston, N. Y.; Grimsby and Thorold, Ontario; Osgood beds, Osgood, Ind. 

Specimens that can not be distinguished from the typical New York form occur in the 

Silurian strata of the island of Gotland. 

Catalogue numbers, 35510, 35511, U S. National Museum. 
OOfSTELL.ARIIDlE. 39 

NICHOLSONELLA RINGUEBERGI n. sp. 

. I Pl. XIV, figs. 12, 13. 

ThF various collections from the Rochester shale have shown half a dozen specimens of 

a spef.ies of Nicholsonella agreeing with the associated N. florida in method of growth but 

differyng decidedly in the size of the zorecia and in several inte.rnal characters. This form, 

for wfich the name Nicholsonella ringu't3bergi is proposed, has seven zorecia in 2 mm., a feature ~n marked co.ntrast with N. florida, which has two to three in the same space. 

The average ~\>03cium of N.florida is 0.50 mm. in diameter, while that of N. ringuebergi is 

only 9.23 m~ ~ Internally the absence of diaphragms in the zorecial tubes will further 

distiqguish the present species from the associated form. · .-4! .

.This neat cBecies is named in honor of Dr. E.. N. S. Ringueberg, of Lockport; N. Y ., in 

appr ciaion;::;.Qf his work on the paleontology of the Rochester shale. The small, tloriform 

apertureS, many acanthopores, and the explanate growth will readily distinguish this from 

otherlbryozo.a of this region. ' 

Oc+rrence.-Rather uncommon at Lockport, N.Y. 

Cat1alogue number, 35493, U.S. National Museum. 

) Genus IDIOTRYPA Ulrich. 

ldiotrJpa Ulrich, Jour. Cincinn~ti Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1.883, p. 272. 

Idiotr~pa Miller, North American Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 310. 

ldiotrtJpa Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIJl , 1890, p. 375. 

ldiotdpa Simpson, Fourteenth Ann. Rept. State Geol. New York foc 1894, 1897, p. 591. I . . . 

Thif genu~ was established by Ulrich for the reception of a single species, I. parasitica, 

from fhe Osgood beds of the Niagaran of Indiana. The genus w~ supposed to differ 

fundamentally from all trepostomatous genera in that the zoarium was not clearly differentiatbd into mature and immature regions. F urther, the development of the tabulre at 

equ~l istances from each other in both zorecia and mesopores seemed so much at variance 

with hat obtaining in the monticuliporoids as then known that the systematic position . of 

the g9nus appeared more doubtfuL The peculiar tabulation Ulrich held to be essentially 

comparable with that characterizing Oumulipora, a Cretaceous genus of the Chilostomata, 

which! agrees further with ldiotrypa in having similarly perforated diaphragms. Subsequent~y this author recognized the true affinities of the genus by allying it with Oonstellaria 

and Nf.cholsonella.a • . 

ldiotrypa parasitica occurs rarely at the Indiana locality, but a number of specimens 

identi~tal with Ulrich's species have been found at Lockport and other New York localities. 

The ctions figured by Ulrich were prepared from a mature example in which the peculiar 

tabulaJtion and pores are developed to the utmost. These sections also happened not to 

show dn immature region. On Pis. XVII and XXIV Ulrich 's figures and also other views 

of the\ internal characters of the species are reproduced, and the latter especially show 

that t'e genus is a true member of the Trepostomata, differing ~ecidedly from other genera 

of this suborder only in development of diaphragm in both zorecia and mesopores at , 

frequeht and equal distances. The structure of the zorecia and mesopores otherwise is 

precis ly like that characterizing the Constellariidre several species of NicholsonelLa especially bowing very similar pores or foramina penetrating the walls and mesopores. Indeed, 

the genus is so near Nicholsonella that the only important difference seems to be the equal 

development of diaphragms in both zorecia and mesopores. 

a Geol. Survey Illinois, V Ill, 1890, p. 375. 
40 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROC.HESTEl~ SHALE. 

lDIOTRYPA PU CTATA (Hall). 

Pl. XVII, figs. 4-10; Pl. XXIV, figs. 17-19. 

Trematopora f? punctata Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal: II, 1852, p. 151, pl. 40A, figs. 4a'-C. 

Idiotrypa parasitica Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat Hist., VI, 1883, p. 273, pl. 13, figs. 1-1c. 

Idiotrypa parasitica Simpson, Fourteenth Ann. Rept. State·Geol. New York for the year 1894, 1897-; p

591, figs. 187-189 

As indicated by the above synonymy, Ulrich's ldiotrypa parasitica is identical with Hall's 

Trematopora ?? punctata. This fact could not be established with certainty by comp!}.rison 

with the published descriptions and figures of Hall's species, but a study of thin sections

prepared from the original type of T. punctata, left no doub~ in the writer's mind as to 

their identity. 

Mr. Ulrich has given a careful description of his species and the portion agr~ing with 

the present view is reproduced below: 

Zoarium consisting of parasitic expansions, of variable thicknesses, _usually attached to ramose 

bryozoa, but sometimes growing upon other foreign bodies. The true zooocia have circular apertures

often closed by centrally perforated opercula, of an average diameter of one one hundred and twentieth 

of an inch, surrounded by a slightly elevated, thin, granulose, peristome. They are arranged with 

considerable regularity in series, in which from eight t o ten may be couqted in the space of 0.1 of an 

inch. The intertubular spaces are of somewhat variable thickness, and usually appear to be solid

occasionally, however, the mouths of shallow interstitial depressions rpay be observed. The spiniform 

tubuli usually do not constitute a conspicuous external feature . 

Tangential sections show that the walls of the true cells are marked by a dark circular band, equiv

alent to the peristome surrounding the apertures. Within this band may be noticed, besides a limited 

number of rather thin-walled spiniform tubuli, a large number of smaller circular structures, usually 

provided like the spiniform tubuli, with a very minute lucid central spot. These doubtless represen

the granules above stated to occur on the peristotne in well-preserved examples. The visceral cavities 

of all the cells appear to be more or less filled by sclerenchyma. This is due to the fact (shown in 

vertical sections) that the horizo0tal part.tions are thicker at their junction with the walls of the tubes 

than they are more centrally, the cavities left between them being, therefore, of lenticular form. Some 

of the true zoZEcia show a central, obscurely circumscribed area that may represent the openings of 

opercula of previous layers. ThE-.se section's show further that whenever the horizontal parUtions 

are brought to light a large, number of concentrically arranged dark or lucid spots may be detected

which in the true cells gradually increase in size toward the circumference. 

Vertical sections show that a very short immatu~e zone is present in which the zocecial 

walls are thin and diaphragms practically wanting. With the inception of" the mature 

zone the mesopores develop, the wall of both zocecia and mesopores become greatly thickened, and diaphragms are inserted•at frequent and equal intervals in each. 

ldiot~ypa punctata is so different from all associated bryozoa that confusion with other 

species will hardly occur. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport, Rochester, and other 

New York localities. Less abundant in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35496, 35497, 43674, U.S. National Museum. 

_ Fa:tnily CALLOPORID~ Ulrich. 

Genus CALLOPORA Hall . 

. . This is one of the best-characterized genel'a of trepostomatous bryozoa. Its species are 

usually represented . by .an abundance of specimens, and, having a wide distribution geographically and a limited range geologically, are good hQrizon markers. The diagnostic 

characters of the genus are the ramose habit of growth, the rounded or angular zoceciv 

and more or less numerous mesopores, the absence of. acanthopores, and especially th€ 

method of tabulation. The meso{>Ores 'are always closely tabulated, the zocecia less so, but 

have the diaphragms inserted in the following order: With the inception of a zocecium 

numerous diaphragms are developed and continue in the same abundance until the tubE 

has reached the normal size; then in the rest of the axial region diaphragms are less common, indeed sometimes almost wanting entirely, but when the peripheral zone is reache 

their number increaSes ag~in. Compared with other genera the zooocia attain their norma: 

• 
OALLOPORIDlE. 41 

size lowly, and this causes a transverse-section to show two well-defined sets of tubes, 

the arge set circular, representing the zorecia of normal size, and the small of angular, 

vari9usly shaped cells indicating zorecia in different stages of development. This latter 

char~cter enables one to distinguish a Callopora by merely examining the end of . branch 

with a lens. The size of the matured zorecia and the shape and nu~ber of ,those still 

developing are often good specific characters. 

The Silurian species of Oallopora differ from the numerous Ordovician form~ in having 

unusually large, conspicuous zorecia. This characteristic pertains to all of th~ Calloporas 

known in these strata with the exception of a new species found in the Clinton at Hamilton, 

Ontario, which is of the Ordovician C. ramosa type. For the purpose of comparison these 

large-celled forms may be ·divided into two groups, the first typified by the genotype 

C. elegardula Hall and the second with C. magnopora Foerste as the representative form. 

The first group is characterized by large rounded zorecia with numerous mesopore~, and 

includes, besides C. elegantula, C. perelegans. Hall from the New Scotland beds of New York, 

C. nana Nicholson from the Wenlock of England, and a few undescribed species or varieties closely related to the genotype. Of the second group, only C. magnopora has been 

described. C. dausa, a new species described in this paper, belongs to this section, while 

at least one undescribed form is known. The pe~uliarity of the groiJp is that at the surface 

the· niesopores are reduced almost to a minimum, the zorecia as a result being angular and 

contiguous. 

CALLOPORA ELEGANTULA Hall. 

Pl. XVII, figs. 11-15; Pl. XXVI, fig. 12. 

Callopora elegantuza·Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, ~852, p. 144, pl. 40, figs. la-m. 

Callopora elegantula Ulricl1, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 250, pl. 11, figs. 6-6b. 

Callopora elegantula Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p.167, fig. 67 . . 

This beautiful species well deserves to be the type of the fine genus Oallopora. The 

species is widely distributed geographically and is easily recognized. Professor Hall 

figured the macroscopic characters quite fully and later Mr. Ulrich gave views of the internal 

structure. The following description sums up the specific characters: 

Zoarium ramose, of frequently bran_ching stems 3 to 5 rom. in diameter; surface smooth, 

the maculre distinguished by the presence of zorecia slightly larger than the average and 

of mesopores more abundtmt than usual. Zo~cia thin walled, rounded, 4 .to 5 in 2 rom., 

separated by a variable number of angular, thin-walled mesopores, whicli are often numerous enough to isolate the-zorecial tubes. Zoreciai apertures closed in the peffect stat~ by 

ornamented covers or opercula having a ·central circular perforation with a diameter about 

two-fifths that' of the zorecia. Six to eight well-marked ridges distributed at equal distances 

from each other radiate from the centml opening to the margin. 

Tangential sections bring out the circular thin-walled zorecia separated by the numerous 

angular mesopores of variable size and · shape. Because of the numerous· mesopores the 

dark divisional line between adjoining zorecia is seldom observed. _ The striking feature of 

vertical sections is the difference in tabulation between the zorecial tubes and the mesopores. In the e-arly stages of the zoreeia the diaphragms are closely set and continue so 

until the tube has reached the normal diameter. Then diaphragms are inserted at intervals 

of about a tube diameter until the peripheral region is reached, when they become more . 

abundant again. The mesopores, which are developed only in the Jieripheral region, ·are 

closely tabulated, two diaphragms usually occurring in a space equaling the mesopore's 

diameter. The tabulation of the mesopores and of the early part of the zorecia is identical 

and it is probable that these two regiqp.s were occupied by similar zooids. Tr~nsverse 

sections· show the usual two sets of zorecia, the one, large and rounded, representing the zorecia 

that h{!.ve reached the normal size, and the other, small, unequal, and angular, representing 

~he younger zocecia jn v~riqus stages of development. 

N 0 difficulty will be e:xperienced in sep;:trating Oallopora elegantula from all aSS(JCiated 

bryozoa, the small, rounded stems with large, circular zorecia and numerous-mesopores 

Jllaking the sp~c~E(~ easy of reco~nitif):Q.· 1'4~ new species n~:xt de§cribed as C. dausa has 
. . 

42 BRYOZOAN ~'.A UNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

a similar method of growth, but the few mesopores and polygonal zorecia distinguish it 

without considering the different internal characters. The representative of 0. elegantula 

in Europe seems to be the form described by Nicholson in 1884 from the Buildwas beds 

of the Wenlock as Oal!opora nana.a Indeed, the two species are so closely related that the 

writer can not point out any satisfactory means of distinguishing them. · Internally the 

two are alike and e~ternally the only difference noted is that the average diameter of the 

zoarial branches of 0. elegantula is abouL twice that of the European species. This, however, is a minor character and further investigation will probably show that 0. nana can· 

scarcely be regarded as more than a variety d 0. elegantula. 

Oceurrence.-Very abundant in the Rochester shale at Rochester, Lockport, Niagara 

Falls,. and other localities in New York, and at Grimsby, Hamilton, and Thorold, Ontario . 

.Also abundant in the Osgood beds of the Niagaran at Osgood and Waldron, Ind. The 

species is also found in Niagaran strata at numerous points in the Mississippi Valley. 

Catalogue numbers, 35534, 35533, 44129, 35528, U.S. National Museum. 

CALLOPORA CLAUSA n. sp. 

Pl. XV, figs. 9- 12 . 

This neat little species agrees with 0. elegantula in growth and general characteristics, 

but differs in the following respe~ts: Mesopores are almost entirely wanting at the surface, 

the few that are present being usually restricted to the maculre. As a result, the zorecia 

are polygonal ·n outline and contiguous. Internally 0. clausa may be distinguished from 

0. elegantula by the more abundant diaphragms in the zorecial tubes, these being about 

twice as numerous in both the axial and peripheral regions. Vertical sections show that 

mesopores develop, as usual, with the incepti.on of the peripheral region, but close before 

the surface is reached. The zorecial walls are greatly thickened in the peripheral region 

by a dense deposit of tissue and in tangential sections ~he walls are seen to vary in thickness from one-half to two-thirds the diameter of the zorecial tubes, although at the surface 

the walls appear quite thin, because here only their crest or summit is seen. 

0. clausa is probably more closely related to 0. magnopora than to the genotype, but the 

size of the zoarium and the tabulation of the zorecia are so different that the two will 

hardly be confused. The zoarium of small, cylindrical, smooth. branches, 3 to 4 mm. in 

diameter, the large, angular zorecia, 4 to 5 in 2 mm., few mesopores, and internally the 

numerous diaphragms in both zorecia and mesopores are the specific characters of this 

interesting form. 

Occurrence.-Rather uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport and Rochester, N. Y ., 

and Grimsby, Ontario. Several specimens were also obtained in the Osgood beds at 

Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 44130, 35531, 35530, U.S. National Museum. 

CALLOPORA MAGNOPORA Foerste. 

Pl. XV, figs.1-8; Pl. XXVI, fig. 3. 

Callopora magnopora Foerste, Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 11, 1887, p. 173; III, pl. 16, fig. 5. 

Callopora magnopora Foerste, Geol. Survey Ohio, VII, 1895, p. 600, pl. 29, fig. 5. 

This species, which is not uncommon in the Clinton of Ohio, seems to be absent in the 

corresponding strata of New York, where, how~ver, it reappears in the succeeding Rochester 

shale. Foerste's figures and description are inadequate, and the following description is 

based upon specimens received from. that author. 

Zoarium more or less irregularly ramose, the branches sometimes being subcylindrical 

and regularly dividing but often consisting of gnarled stems irregular in shape; diameter 

;of branches varymg from 5 to 12 mm. or more, but averaging 7 or 8 mm. Surface smooth, 

maculre of larger zorecia than those of the intermacular spaces, but not conspicuous. 

a Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XIII, 1884, p.l20, pl. 7, figs. 4-4b. 
TREMATOPORID£. 43 

Zorecia larger than is usual in species of this genus, with subangular apertures and modera-tely thin walls, an average of 4 in 2 mm. Mesopores usually small and comparatively 

few at the surface, larger and more abundant at deeper zones in the zoarium. Opercula 

closing the zorecia not observed at the surface, but detected in tangential sections. 

Internal characters.-Tangential sections exhibit considerable variation in the size and 

shape of the zorecia and the size and number of the mes.opores. The reason for this is·· 

seen in vertical sections. Commencing with the mature region, more or less numerous 

meso pores are developed and these, as the· surface of the zoarium is approached, are seen 

to be.come gradually smaller and less numerous and often pinched out altogether at the 

surface, the zorecial diameter consequently becoming greater. A tangential section therefore passing through the early part of the peripheral region will show numerous mesopores 

and rounded zorecia, while one taken. just below the surface of the zoarium exhibits few 

and small mesopores and larger, angular zorecia. ln each case, however, because of this 

relation between the zorecia and mesopores, the number of zorecia in a given space is the 

same, even though they ·vary in diameter. 

The surest guide for the identification of C. magnopora is the vertical section where the 

tabulation of the tubes is exhibited. All of the many specimens and sections examined 

indicate that the tabulation ts the most constant featur~ of this as well as all the other 

species of the genus. The zorecial tubes are closely tabulated at their inception, this tabulation continuing until the normal diameter of the zorecia l_las been reached. Then 

diaphragms are absent altogether until the peripheral region is reached, and here they are 

uncommon, only one or rarely two being inserted in each tube. ' 

The large zoanum and the peculiar tabulation of C. magnopora is so different from other 

species of the genus that comparisons are scarcely necessary. Vertical fractures when 

moistened and exaniined under a lens show the characteristic tabulation so well that sections are not a necessary adjunct for the identification of the species. The identification 

of the species m the Rochester shale is based upon a single example from Grimsby, Ontario. 

This specimen is a well-preserved subcylindrical branch 3.5 trim. in length and 10 mm. in 

diameter. The external characters are the same as in the typical Clinton specimens and, 

, as our figures here given will show, the internal features of the two are Identical. 

Occurrence. - Abundant in the Clinton formation at Dayton, Centerville, and other localities in Ohio. Rare in the Rochester shale at Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35532, 4413i, U.S. National Museum. 

Fanlily TREMATOPORID1E Ulrich. 

Genus TREMATOPORA Hall. 

Ulrich has shown · in his "American Paleozoic Bryozoa" that of the numerous species 

referred to this genus by Hall only a few are congeneric with the common Rochester shale 

form, T. tuberc~losa, the first species following the generic definition. The genus and 

species have been well defined .by Ulrich in the work cited above, and the following description is but an adaptation from this author, the numerous specimens and thin sections 

showing no additional features. 

Trematopora has many characters in common with the prolific Ordovician genus Batostoma 

and is probably the Silurian representative of the latter. The general internal structure of 

the two genera is similar, but the few diaphragms in the zocecia, beaded mesopores, -rounded 

zorecia with more or less well-developed peristomes and comparatively :3mall acanthopores, 

and the sol!d interspaces are characteristic of Trematopora. 

TREMATOPORA TUBERCULOSA Hall. 

Pl. XIII, figs. 15, 16; Pl. XVll, fig. t-:~; Pl. XXV, fig. 8. 

Trematopora tuberculosa Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 149, pl. 40A, figs. la-g. 

Trematopora tuberculo;sa Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. , y I, 1883, p. 259, pl. 13, figs. 2-2b. 

Trematopora tuberrulosa Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 166, fig. 65. 

Zoarium. of irregularly ramose, solid, often flattened branches, an average specimen 

being 5 or 6 mm. wide and 3 or 4 mm. in thickness. Surface studded usually with low 

Bull. 292-06-4 
44 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

rounded monticules, 3 to 3.5 mm. apart, measuring from center to center; sometimes, 

however, the maculre are developed as sharp or elongate tubercules. Zorecial apertures. 

oval, 6 to 7 in 2 mm. measuring lengthwise, with more or less elevated peristomes, each 

bearing two or three rather large and conspicuous acanthopores. Interzorecial spaces. 

solid and somewhat depressed, the mesopores being closed at the surface by.a pellicle-like 

covering. Mesopores few to numerous, the zorecia sometim~s being in contact but more 

often separated from each other by a distance varying from one-half t? their entire di~meter 

apart. 

The fully matured region of most specimens is so short that good tangential sections are 

difficult to prepare. A section passiJ?.g through the zorecia just below the nrface shows 

that they are oval and marked by rather thick ring-like walls within which acanthopores 

ar.e developed. The mesopores are angular and thin · walled, but often the section passes 

through the covering of the mesopores, in which case the walls are not visible, but the 

interzorecial spaces are occupied by a fine tissue perforated by more or less numerous 

granular-like structures. In deep tangential sections the difference between · zorecia and 

mesopores is so small that they are distinguished with difficulty, each having thin walls 

and being about equal in size. 

Vertical sections present the following characters: In the axial region the zorecia are 

large with very thin walls and no diaphragms. With the inception of the peripheral region 

the walls are slightly thickened, and mesopores an~ acanthopores are developed, the diameter of the zorecia being lessened by the introduction of the mesopores. The zorecia in 

this region usually show no diaphragms, one or two rarely being developed in each tube, 

but the mesopores exhibit them in comparative abundance. The mesopores also give a 

beaded appearance, being constricted at intervals, diminishing from the interior toward 

the surface and each constriction being marked by a diaphragm. The last diaphragm has 

the minutely perforated laminated tissue developed upon it which closes the mesopores at 

the surface, but other diaphragms in the same tube are often thickened with the same 

tissue, although usually not to the extent obtaining at the surface. 

The solid tuberculated branches with small zorecia surrounded by peristomes bearing 

rather conspicuous acanthopores and with closed interspaces, make Trematopora tuberculosa 

an easily recognized species. The other species of the genus are so different that comparison 

is unnecessary. There is no associated bryozoanwith which this species might be confused, save possibly Eridotrypa nodulosa, which has a similar growth and strongly tuberculated surface. The zoarium of the latter species, however, is smaller; the zorecia have 

neither peristomes bearing acanthopores surrounding them nor solid interspaces, while 

internally the structure of the two is quite different. · 

Occurrence.-Very abundant in the Rochester shale at Lockport, Lewiston, Niagara 

Gorge, and elsewhere in New York and at Grimsby ~nd Thorold, Ontario. Rare in the 

Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. _ 

Catalogue numbers, 43618, 35573, 35515, 44427, U.S. National Museum. 

TREMATOPORA WHITFIELD! Ulrich. 

Pl. XXIII, figs. 16, 17; Pl. XXVII, figs. 16, 17. 

Trematopora whitjielif.i Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883. p. 262, pL 13, figs. 4, 4a. 

In the Waldron shales of Indiana may be found numerous specimens of a small ramose 

bryozoan, · which has been described by Ulrich under the above name. A few examples• 

identical in all respects with the "western form occurred in the collections from the Rochester 

shale. Ulrich's original description covers the specific characters fully, and, with slight 

changes, Is given below. 

Zoarium slender, ramose, branches smooth, with an average diameter of 2.5 mm., and 

dividing dichotomously at intervals of 10 mm. more or less. True zorecia subequal with 

elliptical ape~tures, surrounded by thin, more or less distinct peristomes, and uniformly 

arranged in diagonally intersecting serie~ gv~r tb~ ~ntire surfa~. J!J. th~§e 7 t9 S ~<?~Ci!l 
TREMATOPORID1E. 45 

occupy the space of 2 mm. The ~onger diameter of their aperture is about 0.20 mm., while 

the shorter or transverse diameter averages about 0.15 mm. The interstitial cells are 

numerous, usually completely isolating the true zorecia. Their apertures vary in depth 

in different specimens, being in some not readily distinguishable from the true zorecial . 

orifices and in others, on account of the interstiial membrane, scarcely detectable, being 

indicated only by shallow dep.ressions between t e perist6ines of the.true cells, which. might 

be overlooked by a careless observer. Well-pr served examples show a number of small 

spiniform tubuli, whose position is usually on th peristomes. 

Tangential sections show that the true zoreci are elliptical in cross section, that their 

walls are slightly thickened by a secondary depo it on the inside, and that they a're almost 

invariably completely isolated by a series of i terstitial cells. These are angular, thin 

walled, and often larger than the true cells. A ew spiniform tubuli may be detected, but 

not readily, on account of the many particles of yrites of iron, which always obscure to a 

greater or less extent the minute internal cha acters of the bryozoa from the Waldron 

locality. 

Longitudinal sections show that the true zore ia are entirely without diaphragms. The 

peripheral region is very narrow, and, near the su face, always one and often two interstitial 

tubes separate the true zorecia. The interstitia tubes are usually crossed by but a single 

diaphragm, which is placed about midway betw en their point. of origin and the apertural 

covering. The tube is generally a little restrict d where the diaphragm occurs. 

This species differs from T. tuberculosa Hall i its much smaller, smooth, and cylindrical 

branches, which have altogether a more delicate appearance. Compared with'!'_. spiculata 

Miller, it differs in its more elliptical and somew at larger cell apertures and more distinct 

peristome. 

Occurrence.-Quite abundant in the Waldron s ales at Waldron and elsewhere in Indiana; 

less common in the Rochester shale at Lockport N.Y., and Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 44108, 35763, U.S. Nati nal Museum. 

TREMATOPORA SPIC LATA Miller. 

PI. xxyn, fig . 14, 15. 

Trematopora spinulosa Hall, Twenty-eighth Ann. Re t. New York State Mus. (doc. ed.), 1876, pl. 11, 

figs. 11, 12. (Not T. spinulosa Hall, 1852.) 

Trematopora spiculata Miller, American Pal. Foss., 2 ed., 1877, p. 245. (Proposed for T. spinulosa, 

preoccupied by Hall in 1852.) 

Trematopora spiculata Hall, Twenty-eighth Ann. Rep . New York State Mus. (Museum ed.), 1879, p. 

114, pl. 11, figs. 11, 12. 

Trematopora spiculata Hall, Eleventh Ann. Rept. Indi a Geol. Nat. Hist., 1882, p. 235, pl. 10, figs. 11, 12. 

The study of the type specimen of this speci s now preserved in the collections of the 

American Museum of Nat ural History showed hat it is an example of a form occurring 

rather abundantly in the Waldron shale of Indi na and less commonly in the Rochester 

shale of New York and Canada. The identity f this species was not suspected hitherto', 

because, as the type specimen shows, the enlarge view of the surface figured by Hall incorrectly represents this feature. The zoreciaJ, ins ead of being angular and contiguous, as 

represented in this figure, are in reality subovat and separated by a row of angular mesopores, which often attain a size equaling or exce ding the zorecia themselves. The following description is believed to set forth the salien features of the species. 

Zoarium of solid, ramose, frequently branch ng stems averaging 2 mm. in diameter. 

Zorecia oval to circular, with a more· or less well- eveloped peristome, thin walled, 0.17 mm. 

and 0.14 mm. in their longer and shorter diam ers, respectively, 7 in 2 mm., measuring 

lengthwise. Interzorecial spaces often as wide a the zorecia and occupied by large, angu- . 

lar mesopores. Acanthopores small, but often so · numerously developed as to occupy 

every angle, thus giving the spiculated surface. 

Compared with Trematopora whitfieldi Ulrich, he only closely related associated species, 

the present form may be distinguished by its ~ore circular and smaller zorecia and relatively wider interapertural spaces. The acanthf pores are also a more prominent surface 

feature and serve as an additional means of sepa ating .the two forms. 
46 BRYOZOAN F..A.UN..A OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Occurrence.-Rather uncommon both in the Waldron shale at Waldron, Ind., and in the 

Rochester shale at Lockport, N.Y., and Grimsby, Ontario. Rare in the Osgood beds at 

Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35760, 35762, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus MONOTRYPA Nicholson. 

The massive zoarium consisting of simple, large, prismatic zorecia, with thin, straight, 

or crinkled walls, usually few diaphragms, and no acanthopores or mesopores, is characteristic of this genus. The species described below represent two sections of t~e genus, one 

in which the zorecia have crinkled walls and no diaphragms and the other with straight 

walls and diaphragms. However, as various species are intermediate in their characters 

between these extremes, this division of the genus is probably more an artificial than a 

natural one. 

MoNOTRYPA osGOODENSis n. sp. 

P l. XVI, figs. 1-5. 

Compare Astrocerium constrictum Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p.123, pl. 34A, figs. 2a-c, 3a-e. 

Zoarium massive, generally consisting of flat or hemispherical disks 10 to 20 mm. in diameter and 4 to 10 mm. high, but sometimes of larger rounded masses 20 to 30 mm. in thickness. Growth commences upon other organisms, but as it continues the zoarium becomes 

free and the base lined with a concentrically wrinkled epitheca. Celluliferous surface 

smooth, the zorecia composing the maculre be~ng a trifle larger than the ordinary ones and 

on a plane with them. Zorecial apertures thin walled, polygonal in outline, usually .hexagonal, 4 to 5 in 2 mm. Acanthopores and mesopores wanting, the structures simulating 

the latter probably being young zorecia. 

Sections show that the walls are thin and straight, that the diaphragms are developed at 

intervals of from a tube diameter or more apart in the immature region to three in the same 

space in the mature zone. The immature and mature regions are very similar, but tnay 

be distinguished by the more numerous diaphragms and slight thickening of the walls in 

the latter region. Large zoaria often show successive immature and mature regions. 

Specimens of this species are very similar externally to the associ~ted M. benjamini, 

but a vertical fracture will show the differences, M. osgoodensis having straight walls and 

diaphragms and M. benjamini showing crinkled walls, no diaphragms, and slightly larger 

zorecia. The zorecia of Orbignyella expansa are also quite similar in size and shape, but 

the explanate growth and different internal structure will distinguish it. Hall has probably included this species with his Astrocerium constrictum, as some of his figures of the· 

coral appear to represent this. bryozoan. There should be no difficulty in separating the 

two, because of the thick walls and projecting septa of the coral. 

Occurrence.-Abundant in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind., not uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport and Rochester, N. Y. 

Catalogue numbers, 35498, 35499, 44118, U.S. National Museum. 

MoNOTRYPA BENJAMIN! n. sp. 

Pl. XVI, figs. 6-9; Pl. XXV I, fig. 11. 

Zoarium of globular or subglobular masses a centimeter or more in diameter. Surface 

smooth, maculre not conspicuous. Zorecia angular, thi.n walled, usually 4 in 2 mm.; diaphragms wanting. Zorecial walls finely crenulated, 15 or more wrinkles in 2 mm. 

This species is congeneric and, indeed, very closely related to the gen~type of Hall's genus 

Ptychonema, P. tabulatus from the Lower Devonian of New York. Judging from the 

description and figures, Hall's species forms larger zoaria, has slightly larger zorecia, and 

more widely separated corrugations than the form here described. The genus Ptychonema 

was established for species having slightly corrugated walls and no diaphragms. As the 

genotype of Monotrypa has crinkled walls and few diaphragms and other species of the 
TREMATOPORID£. 47 

genus exhibit no diaphragms at all and straight walls, the combination of crinkled walls 

and absence of diaphragms seems a poor jgeneric character. Ptychonema is therefore considered a synonym. · 

The only associated globular species with which M. benjamini might be confused is Stigmatella globata, but the much smaller zorecia of the latter are noticeabie with the unaided 

eye. Some specimens of ·Orbignyella expansa might be cbnfused with this form, but the 

presence of curved diaphragms in the former is a distinguishing feature without considering the difl'erent growth and wall structure. M. benjamini is easily and certainly identified by observing the erenulated walls as seen in vertical fractures. Weller a has recently 

described a closely related species, M. corrugata, from the Decker Ferry formation of New 

Jersey. This species, however, has smaller zorecia (10 in 3.5 mm.), .a few diaphragms in 

the mature region, and the crenulation of the walls are fewer and much less pronounced . . 

The specific name is in honor of Dr. Marcus Benjamin, editor of the United States National 

Museum, to whom the writer is indebted for many courtesies. · 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon at Lockport, N. Y. One example of the same form was 

found at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35500, 44129, U.S. National Museum. 

MoNOTRYPA PEDICULATA n. sp. 

Pl. XVI, figs. 10-13. 

Zoarium of small subglobular or pear-shaped pedunculate masses averaging 10 mm. in 

height and half that amount in width; base often slightly expanded. Surface smooth, 

maculre inconspicuous. Zorecia ~ngular, thin walled, 6 to 7 in 2 mm. Acanthopores and 

mesopores wanting. Vertical sections show that the zorecial tubes have s01;newhat flexuous 

walls and that diaphragms are absent. The walls, however, do not exhibit the crinkling 

usually observed in species without diaphragms: 

The unusual growth obtaining in this species is a character making identification comparatively easy. The initial zorecia are parasitic upon foreign objects and continue to 

grow upward, opening only at the top. In this way the pedunculate form of the zoarium 

is produced, the lower portion of the colony being without apertures and covered with an 

epitheca or pellicular membrane. When new zorecia are interpolated the zoarium assumes 

the normal globular form with the zorecia opening laterally as well as distally. Compared 

further with the associated species of the genus, M. pediculata differs from both in having 

smaller zorecia. Other distinguishing characters are the absence of diaphragms and the 

flexuous walls. 

Occurrence.-Rochester shale, Rochester, N.Y. Osgood beds, Osgood, and near Waldron, 

Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 44119, 44120, U. S. National Museum. 

Genus DIPLOTRYPA Nicholson. 

Distinguished from Monotrypa by the · presence of mesopores. 

DIPLOTRYP A WALKERI n. sp. 

Pl. XIV, figs. 1-5; Pl. XXV, fig. 4. 

Zoarium of small masses, irregular, rounded, or pyriform in shape and varying from 

10 to 20 mm. in their diameter. Mac~lre of larger zorecia and more numerous mesopores 

are present, but are not a conspicuous feature of the smooth surface. Zorecia, 6 in 2 mm., 

sometimes angular but more often somewhat rounded and separated, at least partially, 

by mesopores. Acanthopores wanting. Mesopores numerous., usually small but sometimes half as large as the zorecia proper. 

a Geol. Survey New Jersey, Pal. III, 1903, p. 223, pl. 18, figs. 1-5. 
48 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Vertical sections are particularly instructive and bring O!lt the generic characters. 

Diaphragms are wanting in the immature region of the zorecial tubes and few are found 

in the mature zone. Indeed, in a zoorium built up of several successive immature and 

mature regions the latter region is recognized chiefly by the presence of diaphragms. In 

the meso pores the diaphragms n,re at intervais varying Jrom one-half to an entire diameter 

apart. · The mesopores also exhibit a feature that has been noticed in other species of the 

genus, namely that at about the same height in the zoarium a number of mesopores with 

their close tabulation will cease as such and their places be taken by the untabulated 

zorecial tubes. The tabulation and size of the zorecia in this species are so different from 

those of other species of the genus that comparison is not necessary. Associated species 

with a similar zoarium are the various species of Monotrypa, but the absence of mesopores 

in these forms will easily distinguish them under a lens. 

This species is named in honor of Mr. B. E. Walker, of Toronto, Canada, in appreciation 

of his keen interest in paleontology and his generous help in loaning many fine specimens. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon at Grimsby, Ontario, and at Lockport and Rochester, N.Y. 

Catalogue number, 35527, U. S. National Museum. 

Order CRYPTOSTOMATA Vine. 

Representatives of eighteen genera distributed among eight families of this order are 

found in the Rochester shale, making the Cryptostomata the best represented group, generically at least. Cryptostomatous bryozoa are characterized by the primary zorecial 

orifice being produced ·into a tubular shaft-the vestibule. 

Family PHYLLOPORINID.JllJ Ulrich. 

Genus PHYLLOPORINA Ulrich. 

This genus compdses characters pertaining to several orders, and is one of the "comprehensive" types that occur occasionally in Paleozoic strata. The zoarium is of irregularly 

anastom03ing branches, with two to eight rows of apertures on the obverse side, the reverse 

longitudinally striated; tabulated interstitial spaces closed at the surface; acanthopores 

generally present. 

PHYLLOPORINA ASPERAT0-STRIATA (Hall). 

Pl. XVIII, figs. 1-5. 

Retepora asperato-striata Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 161, pl. 40C, figs. 2a-h. 

8ubretepora asperato-striata Miller, North American Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 326. 

Phylloporina asperato-striata Ulrich, GeoL Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 332, pl. 53, figs. 5-5b 

Phylloporina asperato-striata Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 168, fig. 68. 

Zoarium of rather regularly inosculating branches arising from a slightly expanded base 

and forming a reticulate, flat, undulating or broadly funnel-shaped expansion, sometimes 

reaching a diameter of 70 or 80 mJU. Branches varying from 0.8 to 1 mm. in width, but 

usually the different parts of the same specimen are uniform in this respect. Fenestrules 

rather regular in shape, oval to subelliptical, but somewhat variable in size, the average 

being about 1.10 mm. in length and 0.45 mm. in width. Measuring longitudinally 9 to 10 

fenestrules may be counted in 20 mm., while transversely 15 occupy the same space. The 

cellullferous side exhibits 4 to 6 ranges of zorecia. Apertures circular or subpolygonal, 

closely crowded together, 6 to 7 in 2 mm. In well-preserved examples the longitudinal 

strire of the reverse side are seen under a magnifier t9 be minutely denticulate, thus suggesting the specific name. 

Both the external and internal characters of this well-marked species have been figured, 

the former by Hall and the latter by Ulrich. The large anastomosing branches with four 

to six rows of polygonal zorecia are readily recognized. 

Occurrence.-Abundant at Lockport, Rochester, Niagara Falls, and other localities where 

the Rochester shale outcrops in western New York, and at Grimsby, Thorold, and Hamilton, 

Ontario. Rare in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue number, 35740, 35741, 43441, U. S. National Museum. 
PHYLLOPORINIDLE. 

Genus PSEUDOHORNERA Roemer. 

Pseudohorneta Roemer, Leth. geog., Leth. Pal., I, Atlas, 1876, expl. pl. 12. 

Drymotrypa Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 399. 

Drymotrypa Miller, North American Geol. and Pal., First App., 1892, p. 684. 

Thamnocella Simpson, Fourteenth Ann. Rept. State Geol. New York for 1895, 1. 97, p. 525. 

Drymotrypa Nickles and Bassler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 173, 1900, p. 235. 

49 

It is unfortunate that the well-defined genus Drymotrypa must be ab ndoned in favor of 

the name Pseudohornera, which not only la ks description but also expref.ses a false relationship; but as both genera were founded upon the same species, Hall's Ref.epora dijjusa, there 

is no doub_!; of their identity. In the explanation of Pl. 12, figs. 2a, 2bf of the work cited, 

Roemer gives the new name Pseudohornera dijfusa to Hall's species and illustrates the genus 

by copies of Ha.ll.'s figures, in. tending, no doubt, to defin. e the g. enus in the t~xt, which, however, never appeared. The rules of nomenclature require recognition of gen ric names founded 

upon well-illustrated species, and, as Pseudohornera meets with this req irement, the name 

is here used in place of Drymotrypa. The writer may be accused of inc nsistency in recognizing Pseudohornera in place of Drymotrypa and then acceptingPhyllo orina instead of the 

much earlier name Subretepora, both of which were founded upo. n the salfe type. of structure, 

but the two are not parallel cases. Pseudohornera is founded upon g9od figures correctly 

illustrating the type species while D'Orbigny's Subretepora was pro osed for lntricaria 

clathrata Hall, which was both figured and described incorrectly. 

The writer is indebted to Miss Margaret W. Moodey, of the United Stat National Museum, 

for calling attention to Pseudohornera, as well as for many other va uable bibliographic 

references which she has discovered during the preparation of a catalogu of North American 

invertebrate fossils. 

The zoarium in Pseudohornera is of dichotomously dividing branches, celluliferous on one 

side and longitudinally striated on the reverse. The zorecia are in sever l ranges and spring 

from a thin double plate, beneath which is a number of vesicles; the ves ibules expand from 

the orifice to the angular apertures . 

. PSEUDOHORNERA NIAGARENSIS (Hall). 

Pl. XVIII, fig. 20; Pl. XIX, figs. 14-16. 

Fenestella n. sp. Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, pl. 40D, fig. 4. 

Thamm:scus? Niagarensis Hall, Twenty-eighth Ann. Rept. New York State Mu . (doc. ed.), 1876, pl.ll, 

figs. 22-25; ibid. (Mus. ed.), 1879, p. 126, pl. 11, figs. 22-25. 

Thamniscus niagarensis Hall, .Eleventh Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Nat. Hist., 882, p. 254, pl. 10, figs. 

22-25. 

Drymotrypa ni~garensis Ulrich, Geol. Survey .Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 299. 

Thamniscus Niagarensis Simpson, Fourteenth Am1. Rept. State Geol. New York for the ye~r 1894, 1897, 

pl. 9, figs. 15-17. 

The collections from the Rochester shale contain several well-preserved specimens of this 

species, which was described from the Waldron beds at Waldron, Ind.,~nd hitherto has not 

been recorded from any other horizon or locality. The Waldron spe ·mens show u :'llight 

variation in the shape nf the celluliferous side, this being either angular alon. g a central line., 

or rounded. The specimens from New York exhibit only an angulated bverse. This angu-: 

l~t~on is a good specifi_c charac~er, the r?unde~ ob~erse b~i~g only a f~a ure of the aged ~onditwn. Compared w1th P. dijfusa, this species, m additiOn to havm~· the character JUSt 

mentioned, is distinguished by having the reverse marked with 3 t0 5 granulose strire, 

instead of 6 to 8, in the width of a b~anch, and by an obverse side 1 ith 3 to 4 ranges of 

more rounded zore. cia. P. niagarensis has not. the graceful method of . rowth pertaining to 

D. dijfusa and is a less handsome species in every respect. 

The specimen figured by Hall as Fenestella (n. sp.) on Pl. 40D, fig. , of Nat. Hist. New 

York, Pal. II, proves to belong to this species. 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport and iagara Falls, N. Y., 

and in the Waldron shale at Waldron, Ind. 

Catalogue number; 35742, U.S. National Museum. 
50 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER S.H.ALE. 

PsEUDOHORNERA DIFFUSA (Hall). 

PI-. X VIII, figs. 6-9; Pl. XXIII, figs. 1-3. 

Retepora diffusa Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 160, pl. 40C. 

Pseudohornera diffusa Roemer, Leth. geog., Leth. Pal., I, Atlas, 1876, pl. 12, fig. 2. 

Drymotrypa diffusa Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 399, pl. 53, fig. 7, 7b. 

Drymotrypa diffusa Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 169, fig. 69. 

Compare Polypora? problematica Vine, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXXVIII, 1882, p. 62. 

This, the genotype, has beeQ fully figured and described by Hall and Ulrich, and the following description is inserted mainly for the sake of completeness. 

Zoarium, a loosely spreading frond growing in a plane and consisting of branches about 

1.5 mm. in diameter, dividing dichotomously at short intervals; an entire zoarium about 

50 mm. in both height and width. Celluliferous side bearing from 4 to 6 rows of zorecia, 

springing from a thin double lamina, 5 zorecia in 2 mP':l. measuring lengthwise. Noncelluliferous side marked by 6 to 8 longitudinal strire. 

This beautiful form is readily recognized by its dichotomously dividing, nonanastomosing 

branches, the longitudinally striated reverse and the smooth, slightly rounded obverse bearing 4 to 6 ranges of zorecia. The associated species, P. niagarensis, has .a similar method of 

growth, but may easily be distinguished by its usually angular obverse, bearing circular 

apertures, and fewer ranges of zorecia. 

The collections of the U.S. National Museum contain specimens of Polypora? problematica 

Vine, identified by the author of that species, which are closely related if not identical with 

Hall's species. At any rate, Polypora ? problematica is the European representative of 

Pseudohornera diffusa. 

Occurrence.-Rather uncommon in the Rochester shale at Lockport and Rochester, N. Y., 

and at Grimsby, Ontario. 

CatalogQe number, 43389, U.S. National Museum. 

Family FENESTELLID..tE King. 

Genus FENESTELLA Lonsdale. 

' Zoarium flabellate_ or funnel shaped, celluliferous on the inner side; branches generally 

straight, sometimes flexuous, connected at regular intervals by dissepiments; apertures in 

two rows, separated by a plam or tuberculated keel. 

FENESTELLA CRIBROSA Hall. 

Pl. XIX, figs. 3-5. 

Fenestella cribrosa Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. 11, 1852, p. 166, pl. 40D, figs. 3a, b. 

Original description.- Frond expanded or cyathiform; branches strong, irregularly bifurcating; surface stnated; transverse bars or dissepiments thin, scarcely enlarging at their junctiOn with the 

branches; fenestrules small, quadrangular, somet1mes oval; poriferous side unknown. 

Fenestrules eleven in the space of three lines longitudinally, and eighteen in the same space transversely. 

This species is readily distinguished by the small angular fenestrules, which are much more numerous 

.. than in the same space in any other species in this group; the branches are quite as strong, or even 

stronger than in F. etegans. It is easily distinguished, therefore, by the noncelluliferous side alone. 

The specimen in the collections of the American Museum of Nat ural History, marked as 

the type of this species, does not agree with either Hall's description or figures, but appears 

to be an example of Polypora incepta. In the Rochester shale at the localities mentioned 

below, several examples of a neat little Fenestella have been found which agree in all essential 

respects with Hall's des-cription and figures. Under these circumstances the writer belie.ves 

. that the specimen now designated as the type of the species has been, inadvertently marked 

as such, and that the original type, which possibly has been lost, was an example of the form 

figured on Pl. XlX as F. cnbrosa. 
FENEISTEI~LID.LE. 51 

F. cribrosa may readily be distinguished from associated fenestellids by the small size and 

quadrangular shape of the fenestrules, the wide branches, and striated noncelluliferous side. 

On the celluliferous face the characters to be noted are the occurrence of protruding zorecial 

apertures generally two but sometimes three to a fenestrule. The carina is moderately 

elevated but conspicuous spines are developed, averaging two to a fenestrule. 

O~urrence.-Rather rare at Lockport; not uncommon at Middleport, N. Y. 

Catalogue number, 35553, U.S. National Museum. 

FENESTELLA ELEGANS Hall. 

Pl. XIX, figs. 1, 2. 

Fenestella elegans Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 164, pl. 40D, figs. la-g. 

Fenestella elegans Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 170, fig. 70. 

The characters of this as well as most of the other Rochester shale fenestellids have been 

well illustrated by Hall, and the foliowing brief description and measurements are given 

for completeness: 

Fenestrules quadrangular, 3 to 4 in 3 mm., measuring longitudinally, and 6 in 3 mm. 

transversely. Zorecia in two ranges separated by a sharp, moderately elevated carina, 

which in perfect specimens bears small spines at intervals of about 0.4 mm.; 4 zorecia to 

a fenestrule . On the reverse side the fenestrules are quadrangular and two or three fine 

striations mark the branches. . 

Occurrence.-Fragments are common at Lockport, the type locality, and at all the other 

localities ih western New York; good specimens occur also at Thorold, Hamilton, and 

Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue number, 44143, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus PTILOPORELLA Hall. 

Like Fenestella, except that at regular intervals the branches are considerably thickened 

and form rib-like supports. 

PTILOPORELLA NERVATA (Nicholson). 

Pl. XXIV, figs. 24, 25; Pl. XX VI, figs. 5, 6. 

Fenestella nervata Nicholson, Pal. Ohio, II, 1875, p. 264, pl. 25, figs. 11, lla. 

Ptiloporella nervata Miller, North•Ame rican Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 319. 

Several large examples and numerous fragments of this species were found at Grimsby, 

Ontario, and at Lockport, N. Y ., one of them collected by Mr. Ulrich showing a spread of 

160 mm. The rib-like development of the branches at regular intervals will cause the 

recognition of the form to be easy. Themeasurements of the Rochester shale specimens 

agree in all essential respects with the Ohio types as figured by Nicholson, so that there 

seems to be no question of their specific iden~ity. For convenience oJ reference, Nicholson's 

figures are reproduced on Pl. XXIV. 

Occurrence.-Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y., and Grimsby, Thorold, and HamiltQO, 

Ontario; Osgood beds, Osgood, Ind. Nicholson's types were found in the Niagara limestone at Cedarville, Ohio. 

Catalogue numbers, 35743, 44144, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus SEMICOSCINIUM Prout. 

Zoarium as in Fenestella save that the zorecia are developed on the outer side of the 

branches and that the keel has a much expanded summit. · 
52 BRYOZOAN FAUNA Olf THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

8EMICOSCINIUM TENUICEPS (Hall). 

Pl. XIX, figs. 6, 7. 

Fenestella tenuiceps Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. ll, 1852, p. 165, pl. 40D, figs. 2a-b. 

Semicoscinium tenuiceps Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, Vlll, 1890, p. 355. 

Semicoscinium tenuiceps Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. ·45, 1901, p. 171, fig. 72. 

Hall's figures bring out the ·characters of this species so well that there is no difficulty 

in distinguishing it from the associated fenestellids. The sharp, prominent carina, the 

essential feature of the genus, is somewhat flexuous or undulating toward the base of the 

zoarium but straighter in the upper portions. Three to 4 fenestrules may be measured in 

. 3 mm.longitudinally, and 4 to 6 in the same space transversely; 4 to 5 zocecia to a fenestrule . 

In the typical forms of Seinicoscinium, the · f~nestrules on the inner or reverse side are 

subrhomboidal or rounded, but in this and other early species the fenestrules are much ~s 

in Fenestilla, thus showing the origin of the genus. 

Occurrence.-Abundant at Lockport, Rochester, Lewiston, and Niagara Falls, N. Y.; 

Grimsb~r, Ontario. Rare in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue numbers, 35744, 35745, 35746, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus POLYPORA McCoy. 

Zoarium as in Fenestella, but the median keel is absent and two to eight rows of zocecia 

are present on a branch. 

PoLYPORA INCEPTA Hall. 

Pl. XIX, figs. 8:-13. 

Polypora incepta Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 167, pl. 40D, figs. 5a-f. 

Polypora incepta Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 358, pl. 55, fig. 1. 

Polyporaincepta Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p. 172, fig. 73. 

This pretty form was adequately figured by Hall and is easily distinguished from associated fenestellids by its more robust habit of growth and the additional ranges of zocecia. 

The specific characters are as follows: Zocecia in three or four ranges; . apertures oval, 

alternating, branches dividing regularly; dissepiments slender, little enlarged at their 

junction with the branches. Fe~estrules oblong, quadrangular, 4 to 4.5 in 6 mm., measuring longitudinally, and 7 to 10 in the same space transversely. Reverse side of branches 

longitudinally striated. • 

Occurrence.-Not uncommon at Rochester and Lockport N,. Y., and Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35747, 35748, 44145, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus LOCULIPORA Hall. 

The zoarium in this genus resembles Fenestella except that the dissepiments are short, 

typically reduced to a minimum, and that the branches and dissepiments are carinated, 

the carinre coalescing and their summits much expanded, causing the obverse and reverse 

sides to have much the same appearance. 

Loculipora was founded upon a Hamilton species, Fenestella perforata Hall, in which the 

branches approach so closely together that the zocecial apertures appear to occupy the 

dissepiments as well as the branches. Thin sections, however, show that the diss~piments 

are, as usual, nonporiferous, but are reduced in length to such an extent that the branches 

are brought almost into contact. In the species discussed below, for which type ofstructure the generic term Tectulipora was ·proposed by Hall, the dissepiments, although more 

pronounced, still exhibit considerable variation in this respect and show their relation to 

the more typical forms·of Loculipora. Tectulipora, therefore, could be distinguished from 

Loculipora only by the better development of the solid portions of the dissepiments, but 

at present this feature can not be considered as a good generic character. 
FEN ESTELLID£. 53 

LocuLIPORA ULRICHI n. sp. 

Pl. XXI, fig. 2; Pl. XXV, figs. 22-24. 

Compared with the Waldron species, L. ambigua Hall, this·new form presents the following differences. First, the form of the zoarium, especially the basal portion, differs in that it 

is much narrower, is stalk-like, and expands much more slowly; second, the reverse side of 

the zoarium is less distinctly papillated; third, the obverse side is more regularly and constantly striated; fourth , the fenestrules on the obverse (outer) side are more regular and 

quadrate in form; fifth, the apertural rim of the zorecia is less developed; and sixth, the 

zoarium as a whole i::; a trifh~ less robust. The stalk-like form of the zoarium, the regularly 

striated obverse side, and the quadrate form of the fenestrules are the most obvious features 

and will readily prevent confusion with related species. · 

Tangential sections of L. ulrichi show that the apertural rim is so little developed that it is 

scarcely distinguishable, but. in similar sections of L. ambigua the rim is a very conspicuous 

feature. Compared further L. ulrichi has smaller fenestrules, 8 occurring in 5 mm., measuring lengthwise, and 10 in the same space transversely, while in L. ambigua 6 and 9 occur 

respeCtively in the same spaces. 

The other Silurian species, L. gothlandica Ulrich, fro~ the island of .Gotland, is also related, 

but differs in that its fenestrules are smaller and Jess quadrate and the zoarium expands 

more rapidly. _ 

This fine species is named in honor of Dr. E. 0. _{Jlrich of the U.S. Geological Survey, to 

whom the writer is indebted for valued suggestions arid help in the preparation of this paper. 

Occurrence.-Lockport, Lewiston, Niagara Gorge, and Rochester, N. Y.; Grimsby and 

Thorold, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35548, 35765,. 35766, U. S. National Museum. 

LOCULIPORA AMBIGUA Val'. PRECURSOR n. var. 

Compare Loculipora ambigua (Hall), Twenty-eighth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus. (doc. ed.), 1876, 

pl.ll, figs. 17- 21; (Mus. ed.) 1879, p.123, pl.ll, figs. 17-21; Eleventh Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Nat. 

Hist., 1882, p. 248, pl. 11, figs. 17-21. 

This subordinate name is proposed to distinguish a form of Loculipora found rather rarely 

in the Rochester shale at Lockport, and in the corresponding Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

All of the specimens so far seen agree with L. ambigua in size and in having an obtusely 

conical zoarium with comparatively irregul11r branches and fenestrules. The reverse side 

of the branches is granulo-striate, agreeing in this respect with young specimens of-L. 

ambigua, but the zorecial apertures of the proposed variety are scarcely somuch elevated as 

in the typical form of the species. Better material perhaps might show reasons for considering this a distinct species, but at present it seems best to consider it only an early variety of 

the Waldron form. 

Occurrence.-Apparently rare in the Rochester shale at Lockport, N.Y., and in the 

Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue· numbers, 35554, 35555, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus THAMNISCUS King. 

Zoarium as in Polypora, but branches bifurcate more frequently and are rarely or not at all 

connected by dissepiments. 
54 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE •. 

'fHAMNISCUS DICHOTOMUS (Hall). 

Pl. XVIII, figs. 17- 19; pl. XXVII, figs. 1-7. 

Hornera f dichotoma Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 163, pl. 40 C, fig. 3d (not figs. 3a, b). 

Subretepora dichotoma Miller, North American Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 326. 

Thamniscus dichotomus Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 607. 

Stictopora dfchotoma Whitfield and Hovey, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XI, pt. 2, 1899, p. ·108. 

At most localities showing the Rochester shale, abundant specimens of an undoubted and 

weU-:marked species of Thamniscus may be found which has been regarded as identical with 

Hornera ~ dichotoma Hall. In their catalogue of type specimens in the American Museum of 

Natural Historya, Whitfield and Hovey referred this species to Stictopora with the remark 

that the specimen of Hornera ~ dichotoma which bears Professor Hall's original ticket aud 

references to the figures (Nat. I:i:ist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, pl. 400, figs. 3a, 3b) is not like 

either description or figures, but is elliptical in section and poriferous on both sides. Through 

the courtesy of Professor Whitfield the writer ha,s been able to examine the type specimen 

referred to and finds it to be a narrow but otherwise normal example of the common Paihydictya crassa (Hall). Hall's figures, 3a and 3b, are poor ani differ in several respects from the 

type specimen, so that it is a questiqn whether this example is really the original. They 

might equally well represent a branch of the abundant Thamniscus. Under· these circumstances it seems best to disregard these two figures and ba.se the species upon the third figure, 

3d, and Hall's description, instead of considering Hornera ? dichotoma as synonymous with 

Pachydictya crassa. As the original description quoted below and the figure on Pl. XXVII 

show, Hornera ? dichotoma is an ea.sily distinguished form of Thamniscus, differing from other 

American forms by its extremely regular, dichotomously branching method of growth. 

Original description.-Stems minute, semicylindrical, rigidly branching or bifurcating; one surfa~e 

striated longitudinally, the other celluliferous; cells with round or oval apertures, which open from the 

summit of a pustuliform elevation. 

This species is extremely minute, its characters being scarcely distinguishable with the naked eye. In 

its striated and poriferous surface it resembles in general characters Retepora; but the mode of branching is different, and the cells are round or oval, with the openings elevated above the surface of the 

branch, which does not occur in Retepora. 

The following description is believed to contain the essential characters of the species: 

Zoarium of small, slender, dichotomously dividing branches generally 0.4 or 0.5 mm. in 

breadth but increasing to 0.6 or 0.7 mm. before a bifurcation. Branching regular, occurring at intervals of 5 to 7 mm.; angle of bifurcation small, generally less than 30°. Branches 

flat on the reverse, slightly convex on the obverse or celluliferous side. Zomcia usually 

arranged in three or four ranges, but just before a bifurcation the number may be increased 

to five or six. Zomcial apertures circular or oval, 0.10 to 0.12 mm. in diameter opening from 

the summits of small pustuliform elevations, 8 in 2 mm. measured longitudinally. In young 

specimens the zomcia are arranged in well-marked longitudinal series separated by a low 

ridge, the zomcial spaces are faintly marked with small nodes, and the elevations from 

which the apertures open are pronounced. In old examples the separating ridges and 

zomcial elevations are less pronounced while the apertural walliS bear numerous nodes which 

often indent the zomcial cavity. The noncelluliferous side is longitudinally striated, the 

lines as shown on well-preserved specimens being composed of small nodes or granules. 

The regular, dichotomously branching method of growth, the flat, striated, noncelluliferous face, and the slightly convex obverse side with small rounded zomcia are characters 

which readily distinguish Thamniscus dichotomus from all associated bryozoa. 

Occurrence.- Lockport, Rochester, and other localities in western New York; Grimsby 

and Hamilton, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35558, 35751 , 44147, U.S. National Museum. 

a Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XI, pt. 2, 1899, p. 108. 
CRYPTOSTOMA.TA. 55 

Fan~ily PTILODIC'..['YONIDA:B Ulrich. 

Genus PH.lENOPORA. Hall. 

Distinguished from Ptilodictya by the presence of two or more mesop()res in each interspace between the ends of the apertures. 

PH..ENOPORA ENSJFORMIS Hall. 

Pl. XXVII, figs. 8, 9. 

Ph:enopora ensiformis Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p . 48, pl. 18, figs. Sa- c. 

Phrenopora ensiformis Nicholson and Hinde, Canadian Journal, new ser., XIV, 1874, p.142. 

Phrenopo¥a ensiformis Nicholson, Pal. Province Ontario, 1875, p. 45, figs. 19, 2, 2a. 

Ptilodictya ensiformis Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 172. 

Phrenopora ensiformis Foerste, Geol. Survey, Ohio, VII, 1895, p. 598. 

A narrow, unbranched species of Phrenopora occurs not uncommonly at most of the 

Rochester shale localities and agrees in all respects with the Clinton form described hy Hall 

as Phrenopora ensiformis. In this form the characteristic mesopores occupying the interspaces between the ends of the aperture are often made out with difficulty and this f~ct 

causes the zoarium to resemble Ptilodidya very closely. Upon close examination, however, 

or by means of thin sections, two small mesopores may be found occupying the position 

normal for Phrenopora. . 

The zoarium, which is bifoliate and pointed at the base for articulat,ion, averages 25 mm. 

in length and 2 mm. in width; each face bears from 7 to 11 parallel rows of zocecia; 6 zocecia 

in 2 mm. measured longitudinally; apertures in linear s0ries between slightly raised longitudinal lines, quadrangular, measuring about 0.18 mm. by 0.30 mm., hut in marginal series, 

oval slightly oblique and larger than in the middle ranges. 

Occnrrence.- -Abundant in the Clinton rocks of western New York and Ontario, and not 

uncommon in the Rochest er shale of the same region. Rare in the Clinton rocks of Ohio 

and also in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind. 

Catalogue number, 35752, US. National Museum. 

PH..ENOPORA FIMBRIATA var. CANADENSIS n. var. 

Pl. XXI, figs. 17-19. 

Compare Phrenopora fimbriata (James) Foerste, Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., II, 1887, p. 161; ibid., 

III, 1888, pl. 15, fig. 7. 

The form for which the above varietal name is proposed agrees in method of growth with 

the characteristic Ohio Clinton species Phrenopora .fimbriata, but differs in the following 

respects. First the zocecia of the variety are smaller, 8 occurring in 2 mm., measuring 

lengthwise, while only 6 are found in the same space in the Clinton form. Second, the walls 

of the. variety are considerably thinner while the mesopores are small and inconspicuous. 

While the thin walls and small, inconspicuous mesopores of the variety may be due to a 

youthful stage of growth in the specimens studied, yet the smaller zocecia seem to be of 

sufficient importance to designate the Rochester shale form as a good variety if not a species. · 

Occnrrence.-Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y., and Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 35753, 44148, U . S. National Museum. 
56 BRYOZOAN FAUNA · OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Genus CLATHROPORA Hall. 

Like Ptilodictya, save that the zoarium consists of branches anastomosing so as to form a 

regular network with round or oval fenestrules. 

CLATHROPORA FRONDOSA Hall. 

Pl. XX, figs. 5-11; Pl. XXI, figs. 6, 7. 

Clathroporafrondosa Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 160, pl. 40B,.figs. 5 a-c. 

Clathroporafrondosa Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus. No. 45, 1901, p.174, ftg. ,75. 

Zoarium large, frondescent, consisting of anastomosing branches forming a network which 

in old examples is often 10 em. or more in length and width. Proximal portion marked 

with finer longitudinal stria>, long and pointed in young examples, but with age becoming so 

thickened as to be wedge shaped. This part of the zoarium articulates into a cup-shaped 

depression of a spreading base att.ached to foreign objects. The older the zoarium the more 

thickened is the proximal portion, and here the branches sometimes become so broad that 

the fenestrules are obliterated. Branches elliptical in cross section 1.5 to 3 mm. in breadth 

and carrying on each side from 8 to 15 or even more ranges of zorecia arranged in linear 

series. Fenestrules oval, 1.2 by 2 mm. being a.n average dimension although, because of age 

and position, considerable variation is found; about 2.5 or 3 in 10 mm., measuring -longitudinally, and the same number in 8 or 911'!-m. diagonally. Zorecia:l apertures rhomboidal, 

oblong-quadrangular, or elongate-hexagonal, the shape varying in different portions of the 

zoarium, 8 to 9 in 2 rom. longitudinally and 11 in the same space measured transV'ersely. 

There is no associaterl species save the variety mentioned below with which this might 

he eonfounded. A large complete example with its network of branches, OYal fenestrules 

and pointerl base forms an exceedingly handRome cabinet specimen. 

Occu.rrence.-Fragments a.re common, but complete specimens are more rarely found. 

Lockport, N.Y., Thorolrl, Hamilton, and Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 44146; 44147, U.S. National Museum. 

C'LATHROPORA FRONDOS.A INTERMEDIA Nicholson and Hinde. 

Clathropora intermedia Nicholson and Hinde, Canadian Journal, new ser., XIV, 1874, p. 140, fig .. 5. 

Clathropora intermedia Nicholson, Pal. Province Ontario, 1875, p. 59, fig. 29 a, b. 

Original description.- Clathropora intermedia Nich. and Hinde. Perforations moderately large, 

from two-thirds to one line in diameter, plaeed at intervals of rather more than half a line, six or seven 

rows of cells in half line, and seven or eight rows between any twopetforations. 

Niagara limestone, Thorold, Ontario. 

The authors of this form distinguished it from Olathroporafrondosa mainly on account of 

the possession of larger fenestrules. As shown under the above description, the size of the 

fenestrules is a variable character. The only additional character found by the writer to 

.distinguish the two forms is that the zorecia of C. intermedia are slightly larger than ~hose 

of Hall's species; the former having 7 in 2 mm. longitudina1Iy, and 9 to 10 in the same 

· space transversely, while the latter, as stated above, has 8 and 11 in the corresponding 

measurements. The two distinctive characters mentioned are so slight that 0. intermedia 

can hardly be regarded as more than a variety of O.frondosa. 

Occurrence.-Rochester shale, Thorold and Hamilton, Ontario. 

Catalogue numbers, 3.5749, 35750, U.S. National Museum. 

CLATHROPORA ALCICORNIS Hall. 

Pl. XX, figs. 1-4. 

Clathropora alcicornis Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 159, pl. 40B, figs. 4 a-c. 

Clathropora alcicornis Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No. 45, 1901, p.'174, fig. 76. · 

This form is easily recognized from the figures given by Hall and is distinguished from all 

other species of the genus by the failure of the branches to form a network with oval fenestrules as in the typical species. Otherwise the structure is as required for the genus, as the 
RHINIDIOTYONID...E. 57 

thin section prepared from the type specimen, figured on Pl. XX, indicates. The zorecia are 

large, .5 to 6 in 2 mm., measurin:s longitudinally and about 10 in the same space transversely. 

Occurrence.-Rare in the shales at Lockport, N.Y. 

Fmnily STICTOPORELLID_..tE Nickles and Bassler. 

Genus T2ENIODICTY A Ulrich. 

Zoariur.1 growing from a basal expansion into narrow, dichotomously divided branches 

or broad fronds i zorecial structure much as in Ptilodictya. The species described below, 

although the earli£st known, appPars to possess all the essential generic characters. 

TJENIODICTYA scHUCHERTI n . sp. 

Pl. XXVII, figs. 10-13. 

Zoarium, as observed from the only specimen found, of flexuous, parallel-edged branches, 

3 mm. in width, dividing dichotomously at intervals of from 6 to 9 mm. Zorecial apertures 

rather large for the genus, 4 in 2 mm., measuring longitudinally, and 7 in the same space 

transversely, arranged in longitudinal series. 

The figures of the internal structure show that this form has all the characters of Tmniodi~tya with the exception that th2 interspaces are not transversely lined _as in other species 

of the genus. This feature is one of age and its absence in the specimen studied may be 

due to its youthful condition. 

The large zorecia will distinguish this from other species of th3 genus. The only associated species with which it might be confused is Pachydictya crassa, but the oval apertur<;J 

with thick ringlike walls and different internal structure of the latter are points of difference. ' 

The specific name is in honor of Prof. Charles Schuchert, who collected the type specimen 

and to whom the writer is indebted for many favors. 

Occurrence.-Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue number, 35772, U.S. National Museum . 

. :F'a1nily R"I-IINIDICTYONID..tE Ulrich. 

Genus P ACHYDICTY A Ulrich. 

The species of. this genus found in the Rochester shale is a cosmopolitan form which has 

been noted in most of th2 divisions of the Niagara. It is, therefore, of little value for purposes of exact correlation and marks the rocks of this group in general only. 

PACHYDICTYA CRASSA (Hall). 

PI. XVIII, figs. 11, 12; Pl. XXI, figs. 14-16. 

Stictopora crassa Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 45, pl. 18, figs. 4 a--c . 

Ptilodictya crassa Nicholson and Hinde, Canadian .fournal, new ser., XIV, 1874. 

Stictopora scitula Hall and Simpson, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. VI, 1887, pl. 61, figs. 24, 25. 

Pachydictya scitula Ulrich, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Minnesota, Final Rept., III, pt. 1, 1893, p. 147. 

The ext-ernal features of this species have been well figured by Hall and Simpson and 

there is no difficulty in the ide~tification of the form. 

The zoari~m consists of a narrow, dichotomously branching frond with sharp, parallel 

edges; branches elliptical in cross s2ction with narrow noncilluliferous margins marked 

by faint strire; zorecial apertures oval, arranged in parallel longitudinal rows separated by 

linear ridgE.s, 4 in 2 mm. measuring lengthwise. 

- The narrow bifoliate branches with large, rounded zorecia distinguish the species from 

all associated forms. 

Occurrence.-Common a~ all the Rochester shale localities in New York and Ontario; 

also very abundant in the Osgood beds at Osgood, Ind., as well as in the Niagaran rocks 

in general. 

Catalogue numbers1 357541 35755, U.S. National Museum. 
.) )F TilE ROCHE~ TEl , ll L K 

(:pnu: .\ '.L\'1 J I K\ 1.\ llnll. 

Zoct' inl tulw~ nri:-.ing from n filiform U:\is in thP l'l'IH<•r oi tlw ~IPn dl'l'. ntmosc• lmm •hps· 

!lpt•rlun•s ond, in dittgonnlly intl'r c•ding or lirwar sc•ri<' · : neantltop<ll'<'s gt>rwntl ly llUIIICrou 

. \ (',\:-/TIIO('U;,\1.\ ,\ S I'r:ltDI ( llall). 

1'1. xxr. lil-!s. :l :.: 1'1. XXI\', fi!-(s.; n. 1'1. XX\ .figs. 11 :..>o. 

Trrmatoporaa. ptm IJ :tll. :\HI. ll is. :\\'II' Y ork, 1'11 1. II. I i:?. p. l.i·l. pl. 10.\ , figs . lllu e . 

Roto. tomcllfll aspt m :\idd<•: and Ba ·sll·r. !lull. l ' . .'. c:<'c>l. ,·n rn•y . · o. 11:1 . p. I !l. 

Zonrium of. rnnll eylindrind mmulc·ts about I 111111. in di~trnc·t pr. , 'urfuec• sruuotlt but, 

undc•r t IPns, hir~ulc bl<·aus<' of the nunwnnrs nc·tultltopurrs. Zon•l'inl apt>rtun s O\'al or 

c•longnlP <'lliptintl usuttlly 0.1S lllll1. in tlHir longc•r ditUIH'Lc•r 1111d 0.10 in thP :horLl'r 4 in 

2 rnn1. nwnsuri ng lc•ngthwi:P 1\!Tnngt"d in rntht'r rqrulnr longitudin al rows of whirh tltc•r • 

an• 7 in 2 mn1. .\ c·ant lwpon s numNou · 1\s rnllny as <' or I 0 ·urTounding lUI tqwrt ur\' nnd 

oftpn i11flc C'ling it. 

Tlw main fl'llltrr·c·s brought out in \'<'rl icnl spc( ion: an• tiH• growth of the• Zlll c·ial tube" 

from a filifor111 nxi~, llw sriHtll infc rior lwlllisPptum, nnd thC' thick, l!unir~ttlrd dt•po. it of Lh 

iniPrZO<T'tin I spncc'' t m ,·c·rspcll>y l h<' t\C'nnllwpot\ s. T1U1gc•nt rnl .·<'tl.ons Lh rough t.lw mature 

rc•gion sho\\' tlw nunwrou,.; aC"nnthopons nnd thi('k intc>rzou·l'inl tiSSllt', \\hilt• dt'<'[Wrst•C"tio ns 

rt•\·rul th rh mb >idnl . h<lpt' of thr prirnili,· • zouTia. 

This \'try nb111Hhllll spP<'ic: 1nighl lw <"ollt'ttst'd \\'ith IH' rqually ahundnnt Balo, /01nclla 

yrrulul! iru but tlw bugc r zo:tri11, srn 1111'1' nnd 11101'1' tlliiiH'rous nc·nnthopon•s, lc•ss rrgu lnrl. · 

urnulp;Pd z<Hr·cin, nnd inl<'rzoo•l'iul spnt"cs ot't'llpit•d by nwsopon•s nn• points of diO'Pn'III'P. 

1nt<'I'1Htlly th l\\'o 1\1'1' \\'idrly diflc•rt•nt. 

Occuri'IIICI . HociH•stc•r shalt•nl Lockport.l{odw:trr,lllld :\ i11gnm l;> nlls :\ . Y.; rim ·b.·, 

J farnilton und Thorold, Ontnr io : O ·good IH'd: ut Osgood. Ind . 

atnlorru<' nurnbc•1. :3.'5 .~j -1411!l, l 1 •• • ~ 1tion1d ~hr ,· un1. 

~('till . :\~ ~!.\TOPOl .\ l ' lri ·lt. 

'T'hr f II win cr L n wrll-dP\' Piop< d spN'I<' · of this gc• nus, difl'c ring hut lit( l1' fro111 son1r of 

tlw Ordo,·ici!lll form· . . \' onalopo'a rs d1 sL 1ngurslwd lr 111 other IIIC'IIIl)('r: of Llw .\ rthro-

:tylid< 111 that.Lhr zoarium 1s ont1nuous 1nsLend oi jointC'cl nbo,· • Lhl' p01nL I b sal x remit ·. 

t\E~I. TC I'OI<A ~I!Xl l. \ (ll nll). 

Pr. X \' Ill , fig. 10. Pl. X X I , figs. II. 

Tr matopora 'I ( Trachypora ) mmuta II H II, 1'11 cn l y-raglnh Ann. J pl. i\ w Y ork. lute )!us. (dol' . d.), 

pl. II, fi ,!{, 

Tr matoporaminuta llnll , Tw nty- aghth .\nn. I pL. )I w Y ork . LHL )tus. (.\'ltas. NI.), p. 113, pl. II, 

fig. 

1remfltoJ>Ora mmuta ll II, ElcYcnth .\ nn. H pL. lndinn11 (; ol. :O.: nt. ll ast., p. :l:l.J , pl. 10, lig . . 

,\ ematopora minuta l ' lri h, G 01. .'urn•y J lhnoa., \' t II, 1. fi·t:l. 

l n th Ro he Lcr ha ir col i tion · num rous xn.naples of 11 irwiC' j)('Cir of N cmalopor t 

have brPn <' ' d whi ·h upon <"om pan. on w1th hC' ypt• of ll nll 'l'r 111atopom 111inuta 

from t h ~i craran 11t Waldron Jnd . 11!1Vl' pro,·('(l to hrlong to tlw t"LnH' sprc·H•:. 

Original ric· nptwn.- Bayozoum rnmosc ,·r ry sl ndl'r: hranC'hc. rr pacnt, wad ly div rging; dinml'-

t r, 0 .. ) millirn t r. Cell llpC' r turt•s clongu l -o,·a l, length uhou t OA mm ., and width 0.2 mm.; da:I.Hncc 

fr m each oth r longatudanttlly nhout rqun l to Lhr IC11!-!lh ol an HJ>I'rlu rc, arranged In sparal rows along 

t,h b ranch. Margms (II tin·Uy ciCI'II l d nnd grnn ulo . and S<'llllntL cl from <'HC'h th r by tortunu, 

lin of nod .. 

To he ab vr dc cription rna ' bC' n.dd d tlw f II wincr : Th1• zoariurn nun · but, the 

low r nd i pornted f r atta hm nt in a bn pr ad over thrr bjC' t . ~l rt urin I ncri-
RBI >P RTD.IE. 

tudinall; 5 to 6 zou•ciallluy I t' ·ounted in 2 nllll. Thin 't' ·tiow (:<t' Pl. :X.'I fig ·. <'- 11 ) 

·how thn the sp cie · ht nil the inU•rnal thnmct r · >f X malopora. 

Jn tht• ·mall ·iz f tht' z arium und in tit<' a rnwa•m<• nt of tlw zou:tit1 tlwy ar qui!P 

iut<' cl bryozoa wi th tlw extl'plion of Acanthoclema asp rum (llnll). 

The later h ' ,,·c r, ma r adil U<' di tingui ·hcd hy its 111 n' rohll't growth , ·tr ngcr 

granu lt• · or u ·an h p r .- und k .. rctrularly tHTnn..., •d zo<rcia. l ntl'rnally the two nn' quill' 

cliO' r•nt. 

c urrenc .- Hath •r un ·ommon in t.h Wuld ron shult• a W tldrou Ind . ~t n· ubundnnt 

in Lh' Ho ·hc ·t<·r ·hniP nL nil of lhl lo ·nlitie: iu \ e ·tprn w Y rk nnd nturio. 

atal gu · number,· 35T3, 35-74 uti nn.l ~lu t'Uill. 

sion:. 

Th fir . opportun it. · t > puhli ·h Lit 11 w information <·oncoming tit<• H.hinoporidt'C >cTurrl'd 

ni t<'d 'tat • · G<'ologitnl ' ur·,·py BullcLi n No. 173, whl'l'c with tit kiud perrni:sio11 of 

lri!'h , ~i <'k le : nnd th ~ \\'I'ILC'r ga ,· :horl emt•ndr I descri t ion · of the family nncl the 

g n •rn con titultng 11 . F< r rOII\'Cill n<· f ref •re 11 ce, the ' d<•sc rtpt ion · nr rc1 nted 

br iO\ in t.hcir rc" p<' ·t.l\' • plnre.·. 

\\'iLh th n> ·ndnLion p0111l d out nlmn', Lit ' fa mily l{hinoporidt rntt , now be drfinPd 

1'111; ZOfl'('lll prone 1tlong Llw l>n. nl lll<'llllmuw, sin1pl<· oblong or 

drr ('(., lwrn1 -•ptn. Witnllrw or nln1os o· fron of <:ow 'Itt below 

ngt.l1'n'd wtth . ol1d r ve 1·ulnr t1 

1cnu · IU l1 1 OPOH \ !lull. 

Tw t ic c·onsider d ll t.hcu uuthor: a · nlt'tlll.){'rs of thi. rre11u~ hnv ' hen descrih<•cl 

from the Ro!'hl'Stl·r hnll• . T h fir r Hhmopora wbercu lo~>ct ll nll, 1 n ' kno' n, fr Ill 1tn 

rxaminnt.ion f the type -p<' ·rmc11 b: llw wrtter, to bel ng Lo Ft ·tuhpora while tlw S('('OIId 

Uh inopora curml<L Hingucbc rg s " Ill$ to I>(• 11 tru • m rnb r ol th ge nu:. 

Tit' aencr1 · rhunH·ters of RhinOJWra arc. n. follow · . Zonrturn forn1ing !urge, undulating 

birolin.L' Pxpa11sions C't'llulifNous 011 b tit . 1d •:; . urfnn· usunll. ' . rnnoth, nuely wllh sohd 

111 nti ·ule · an I tnt,· rscd by l•ndcr round1ng blfurC'Il!.lll" rtdaes whit h npp<'Hr tts slalllow groove · wh 11 t.hc surfn ·' i. w m ; npcrLur•- netHI tirtular, otTupying tlw sunlnll ts 

f promin u(, papi ll.': me 01 r'. pre ·en(, but do · l nt tit<' urf1t<'C ' htrgP nwdlltn Lubuli 11 1 

t h m oLhetn.. 

" •<'01. 'urv y lllinoi ·. Ill , 1 '00, p .. 

Bull. :ZH:l- 06--r 
60 BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF TH:l!.: ROCHESTER SHALE. 

RHINOPORA CURVATA Ringueberg. 

PI. XXII, figs. 12, 13. 

Rhinop(}_ra curva~~ Ringueberg, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1886, p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 14. 

Original description.-Coral!um very thin; foliate. Qells round or roundish oval, placed near' the 

upper Ride .of the thin pustulate calices that rise gradually from the surface at their lower.side, thereby 

giving an upward direction to the cells. The cells are. arranged closely in eg ular rows that cross each 

other diagonally; thus making a quincunx disposition of them; the regularity ol the rows is Sometimes disturbed by the bifurcation of a row as the frond increased in size, 

Curve amounting to the width of three rows in one-half inch. Cells seven to one-eighth of an inch in 

the rows. · ' 

This coral bears some resemblance to R. verrucosa or" the Clinton group; which differs, however, in 

the cells being much more prominent, the pustulose character being more defined, rising'abrnptly from 

the surface, in having the cell opening centrally located, ·and by its small cells. 

Rhinopora curvata may be readily distinguished from all associated Rochester shales 

species by its broad, bifoliatc growth, large zorecia (4 in 2 mm ~, measuring along the diagonal rows), with the posterior portion of the peristome considerably elevated, 'and the 

arrangement of the apertures in well-defined diagonal lines. 

Only a few specimens of th~s species have been studied, and none of these exhibits the 

characteristic covered canals · of typical Rhinopora. Othe~wise, however, the internal 

structure is essentially the same, and also differs in no way but method of growth from 

that of Lichenalia. -

Occurrence.- Rocbester shale, Lockport, N. Y., and Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue number, 35767, U.S. National Museum. 

Genus LICHENALIA Hall.' 

Lichenalia Hail, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 171. 

Lichenalia Nickles·and Bassler, Bnll. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 173, p. 54. (Not Lichenalia of other 

authors.) ' 

This 'genus ~as founded by Hall upon thin, _epithecated, ~ubcircular expansions occurring in the Rochester shale at Lockport, designated by hi~ 'as Lichenalia concentrica. Iq 

parting the shale, the rough celluliferous sides of these expansions naturally adhere more 

closely to the matrix, and as a result the noncellulif&rous, epithecated side is usually 

observeo. Associated epithecated bryozoa from Lockport and elsewhe~e have been 

referred to the species irrespective of any other char~cter; a~d Lichenalia concentrica is 

usually qu~ted as a char~cteristic Niag~ran fossil hereve~ the rocks of that formation are 

studied. Here the value of thin sections is demonstrated,· as it is only by their aid that 

the true relations of Lichenalia could be definitely ascertained. Hall's original definitions 

of the gen·us and species are of value only in that the genotype is restricted to the thin, 

epithecated expansions occurring at Lockport and elsewhere in western, New York. All 

his later definitions ofthe genus are based on species of Fistulipora, which are in no manner 

related to the original types of Lichenal~ : .. A study or' Hall's type of L.· co.ncentrica and 

of other examples from New York shows that the generic characters are as follows: "Zoarium a subcircular unilaminar expansion; zorecia prostrate; elongate-subrhomboidal, with 

direct subtubular vestibules; apertures rounded, with peristome much elevated on the posterior side; interspaces depressed, ('0 cellulose." 

To this definition of Nickles and the writer may·.be added the following remarks. Thin 

sections show that, a:s in Rhinopora, thc-,surface of Lichenalia concentrica . is traversed-by 

slender, bifurcating ridges which in reality are elosed canals. These pr.obably represent 

the maculre· of other .bryozoa, and .are .more often seen . in thin se.Ctions. because, as mentioned above, the surface is seldom observed. The,ncctirrence of these canals in both Rhinopora and Lichenalia and the other points· of agreement of . the two genera leave their 

differer:1t.methods of growth as. the only distinguishing. character. The cellulose ( 1) interspaces mentioned in the above definition of the genus have ·been determined' only by the 

study of thin sections. The few specimens -showing the celluliferous face have been in 
RHINOPORID.LE. 61 

such a state o( preservation or condition of growth that the interspaces have always 

appeared depressed and solid. Froin . the manner in which the walls -of the mesopores 

occupying the zoCEcial interspaces have been inserted, as shown on Pl. XXII, their purpose 

seems to _have been mainly.that of a strengthening tissue . 

Altogether, both Licltenalia and Rhinopora are unique types of bryozoa and, so far as 

known, are restricted to Niagaran strata. Species described under these ·generic names 

from other horizons seem in all instances to belong elsewhere. . 

LICHENALIA CONCENTRICA Hall. 

Pl. XXII, figs. 1-6; . Pl. XXVI, fi§?s. 7-10. 

Lichenalia concentrica B:all, Nat: Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 171, pl. 40E, figs. 5a-g. 

As this is the genotype and apparently the only valid species of the genus, the specific 

characters are as given in the generic diagnosis. The thin, unilaminate zoarium; large 

zoCEcia (averaging 0.5 mm. in their longer diameter), and the meandering surface canals, 

are characters making the species easily recognized. Good specimens can be found only ' 

in the unweathered shales, and, in parting the shales, usually the epithe.cated ·side alon1:1· 

is shown. The disiQtegrated shales yield small fragments, but these, especially when 

still partly covered with elay, bring out the 'fact that the posterior portion of the zoCEcial 

wall is unusually high. On account of the unusual structure shown · in this type, the 

species is figured in detail. -

Occurrence.___:_A characteristic fossil of the Rochester shale at Lockport, Rochester, and 

other localities in western New York. Good specimens may also be had at Grimsby, 

Ontario. 

Catalogue number, 35775, U. S. National Museum. 

Genus STICTOTRYPA Ulrich. 

Zoarium ramose, not pointed at the base; branches dichotomously dividing, narrow, 

compressed; apertures circular or elliptical, with distinct, usuafly evenly elevated · peristomes; interspaces flat or concave, composed of h9rizontally laminated solid tissue: 

STICTOTRYPA . PUNCTIPORA (Hall). 

Pl. XXII, figs. 7-11; Pl. XXIV, figs. 26, ~7 .. 

Stictopora punctipora Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 157, pl. 40B, figs. 2a-c. 

8tictotrypa punctipora Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VUI, 1890, p. 394, fig. 13a. 

Hall and Ulrich (op ?it.) have figured this ~pecies so well that its rec0gnition is a matter 

of no difficulty. The more important of their figures, together with views of the internal 

structure, are given on the' plates mentioned above. . 

The narrow, bifoliate zoarium, with branches averaging 3 mm. in width, and the ellipti_. 

cal zoCEcial apertures with a well-marked peristome ·are so different from other bryozoa of 

this formation that comparison is not necessary. Measuring along one of the rows, .6 to .7 

zoCEcia may be counted in a space of 2 ri:lm. · . 

In thin sections the rhomboid or square shape of the primitive ZbCEcium·, the blunt infe- . 

rior hemiseptum, and the short cryptostomato~s cell r..re well shown. With' respect tO 

these chara~ters, thin sections of this species and Dia'rnesopom dichotoma are strikingly' 

similar, as a reference to the figures of' the ' intern'al structure will show: . ·. 

The varioos species of. 'S'tictotrypa resemble each other closely, but S. punctipora may · 

readily be separated by the fact that . the peristome is highest anteriorly' . thus giving a 

notched appearance to the aperture. 

Occurr nce '--'-Rather abundant at · Lockport, Rochester, and Niagara Falls, N. Y~, 

Grimsby, Hamilton; arid Thorold, Ontario·. 

' Catalogue ·n\lmber; 35776, U. 'S. NationaJ Museum. 
62 BRYOZOAN FAUN.A OF '.rHE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Genus DIAMESOPORA Hall. 

Diamesopora Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 158 (not defined). 

Diamesopora Nickles and Bassler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 173, 1900, p. 54. 

Diamesopora Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., IX, No. 45, 1901, p. 175. 

Diamesopora Hall and Simpson, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. VI, 1887, pp. xv, 19 (definition based o:n 

species of Chilotrypa). 

Diamesopora Miller, North American Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 30. (Includes, besides the genotype, 

species of Creloclema and Chilotrypa.) 

Diamesopora Simpson, Fourteenth Ann. Rept. State Geol. New York for the year 1894, 1897, p. 566. 

(Definition contains in part characters of both Diamesopora. and Chilotrypa.) 

Diamesopora Ulrich, Geol. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890, pp. 380, 467; Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Minnesota, Final Rept. III, pt. 1, 1893, p. 330; Zittel's Textbook Pal. (Eng. ed.), 1896, p. 268 (= Coeloclema). 

A study of thin sections of the genotype of Hall's Diamesopora, D. diclwtoma, and of 

his Trematopora osculum, a related species found very abundantly in the Waldron shales in 

Indiana, showed, as indicated before, that the genus has until recently been misunderstood 

a~d incorrectly defined and classified. Ulrich proposed the name Griloclema for similar, 

hollow-stemmed .Ordovician species, but before defining the genus, abandoned it under the 

impressi~n that his forms were congeneric with D. dichotoma. As the above synonymy 

shows, this author based his definition of J)iamesopora more upon species of Galoclema than 

upon the genotype. The two genera are now known to be so far removed from each other 

as to be classified under different orders, Goeloclema being a member of the Ceramopo~idre, 

a family of Cyclostomata, and Diamesopor.a having the rhomboidal primary zorecia and 

tubular vestibule characteristic of the Cryptostomata. 

Nickles and the writer ( op. cit.) defined the genus as follows: "Zoarium ramose, of hollow 

stems lined internally by an epitheca; zorecia simple, hexagonal, or rhomboidal, with an 

oval orifice in the anterior half, which,·with growth, forms a tubular vestibule; apertures 

with peristomes equally elevated or highest posteriorly; intervestibular spaces compact or 

horizontally laminated." 

The diagnostic characters are the mode of growth, the cryptostomatous zorecia, tubular 

vestibule, and compact intervestibular space. Lunaria are absent, but their structures are 

simulated when the peristomes are highest posteriorly. A blunt superior hemiseptuni is 

often found projecting from the zorecial wall, but is seldom a conspicuous feature. 

DIAMESOPORA DICHOTOMA Hall. 

Pl. XXI, figs. 12, 13; Pl. XXIV, figs. 28--30. 

Diameso:pora dichotoma Hall, Nat. IIist. New York, Pal. n; 1852, p. 158, pl. 40B, figs. 3a-d.-

Diamesopora dichotoma Grabau, Bull. New York State Mus., No 45, '1901, p .. l75, fig. 78. 

Fragments of this species are usually found as flattened branches cr1;1shed by pressure, 

but the normal zoarium is of smooth, hollow, ramose, cylindrical stems, 2 to 4 mm. in 

diameter, with the internal cavity now occupied by clayey matter. 

The largest specimen seen shows that, as a rule, the zoaria seldom branches, a long 

straight stem of 4 or 5 em. in length usually occurring. The crust forming the hollow 

zoarium is about 0.60 mm. in diameter, the interior or basal portion lined with a transversely 

striated basal membrane-the epitheca. 'Maculre inconspicuous and only distinguished by 

the absence of zorecial apertures. In young sp cimens the zorncia are seen to be arranged 

in regularly ascending spiral lines, but the older the zoarium the more obscu~ed becomes 

this arrangement. The zorecia in young examples have well-marked peristomes generally 

elevated highest anteriorly, but these also become less conspicuous with age, and in many 

specimens the peristomes are not visible at all. 

Internal characters.-Thin sections of this species are particularly instructive, si?ce without them the cryptostomatous character of the genus would not be suspected. They show 

(1) that the primitive zorecium is rhomboidal in outline, (2) that a tubular vestibule is 

developed in the anterior portion, (3) that at the junction of the posterior wall of the primi-
SYNONYMIC LIST OF SPECIES. 63 

tive zocecium and the vestibule, a blunt superior hemiseptum is sometimes developed, and 

( 4) the in vestibular spaces are filled by a dense, horizontal, laminated tissue. The orifice 

is about 0.2 mm. in diameter, and counting along one of the spiral rows, 6 are found in 2 mm. 

Occurrence.-Abundant at Lockport, Rochester, Le~iston, Niagara Falls, and·other New 

York localities; also at Hamilton and Grimsby, Ontario. 

Catalogue number, 35759, U.S. National Museum. 

SYNONYMIC LIST OF SPECIES. 

Acanthoclema asperum (Hall). 

Allonema waldronen~e Ulrich and Bassler. 

Ascodictyon radiciforme Vine. See Vinella radiciformis. 

Ascodictyon siluriense (Vine). 

Ascodictyon stellatum var. siluriense Vine. See Ascodictyon siluriense. 

Aulopora consimilis Lonsdale. See Berenicea consimilis. 

Batostomella 1 aspera Nickles and Bassler. See Acanthoclema asperum. 

Batostomella granulifera (Hall). 

Berenicea consimilis (Lonsdale). 

Berenicea elegans Nickles and Bassler. See Berenicra consimilis. 

Berenicea membranacea Nickles and Bassler. See Berenicea consimilis. 

Bythopora spinulosa (Hall). 

Callopora aspera Hall. See Lioclema asperum. 

Callopora clausa n. sp. 

Callopora elegantula Hall. 

Callopora florida Hall. See Nicholsonella florida. 

Callopora laminata Hall. See Fistulipora laminata. 

Callopora magnopora Foerste. 

Callopora nummiformis Hall. See Mesotrypa nummiformis. 

Calloporella~ nummiformis Ulrich. See Mesotrypa nummiformis. 

Ceramopora foliacea Hall. See Meekopora foliacea. 

Ceramopora imbricata Hall. 

Ceramopora incrustans Hall. See Fistulipora crustula. 

Ceramopora niagarensis n. sp. 

Ceramopora orbiculata Ringueberg. See Ceramoporella orbiculata. 

Ceramoporella irregularis n. sp. 

Ceramoporella orbictilata (Ringueberg). 

Chmtetes expansus Ringueperg. See Orbignyella expansa. 

Chilotrypa 1 coalescens Nickles and Bassler. See Obilotrypa ostiolata, 

Chilotrypa ostiolata (Hall). 

Clathropora aloicornis Hall. 

Clathropora frondosa. Hall, 

Clathropora frondosa intermedia Nicholson and Hinde, 

Clathropora intermedia Nicholson and Hinde. See Clathropora frondosa intermedia. 

Cceloclema cavernosa n. sp. 

Diamesopora dicho'toma Hall. 

Diastopora consimilis Vine. See Berenicea consimilis. 

Diastoporella consimilis Vine. See Berenicea consimilis. 

Diploclema sparsum (Hall) . 

Diploclema sparsum argutum n. var. 

Diplotrypa milleri Ulrich. See Mesotrypa nummiformis. 

Diplotrypa walkeri n. sp. 

Drymotrypa diffusa Ulrich. See Pseudohornera diffusa. 

Drymotrypa niagarensis Ulrich. See Pseudohornera niagarensis. 

Eridotrypa nodulosa n. sp. 

· , 
64 BRYOZOAN: FAUNA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Eridotrypa si.milis n·. sp. 

Eridotrypa solida (Hall). 

Eridotrypa spinosa n. sp. 

Eridotrypa striata (Hall). 

Fenestella cribrosa Han: 

Fenestella elegans Hall. 

Fenestella nervata Nicholson. See Ptiloporella nervata. 

Fenestella tenuiceps Hall. See Sernicoscinium tenuieeps. 

Fistulipora crustula n. sp. or n. name. 

Fistulipora laminata (Hall). 

Fistulipora lockportensis n. sp. 

Fistulipora tuberculosa (Hall). 

Homotrypa ~ solida Nickles and Bassler. See Eridotrypa solida. 

Hornera ~ dichotoma Hall. See Thamniscus dichotomus. · 

Idiotrypa parasitica Ulrich. See Idiotrypa punctata. 

ldiotrypa punctata (Hall). 

Leioclema florida Ulrich. See Nicholsonella florida. 

Leioclena ~ laminatum Ulrich. See Fistulipora laminata. 

Leptotrypa maculata Ulrich. Se~ Spatiopora macuiaLa. 

Lichenalia concentrica Hall. 

Lioclema asperum (Hall). 

Lioclema circinctum n. sp. 

Lioclema explanatum n. sp. 

Lioclema florida Grabau. See N1Cholsonella florida. 

Lioclema globulare n. sp. 

Lioclema ( ~Nicholsonella) laminatum Nickles and Bassler. See Fistulipora laminata. 

Lioclema multiporum n. sp. 

Lioclema peculiare n. sp. 

Lioclema ramulosum n. sp. 

Lioclemella maccombi n. sp. 

Loculipora ambigua precursor n. var. · 

Loculipora ulrichi n. sp. ·· 

Meekopora foliacea (Hall). 

Mesotrypa milleri Nickles and Bassler. S~e Mesotrypa nummiformis. 

Mesotrypa nummiformis (Hall). 

Mitoclema sarlei n. sp. 

Monotrypa benjamini D.· sp. 

Monotrypa osgooden~is n. sp. 

Monotrypa pediculata n. sp . 

. Nematopora minuta (Hall). 

Nicholsonella florida (Hall). 

Nicbolsonella ringuebergi ·ri. sp. 

Orbignyella expansa (Ringueberg): 

Orbignyella magnopora n. sp. . 

Pacbydictya crassa (Hall). 

Pacbydictya scitula Ulrich. See P~chydiCtya crassa. 

Paleschara ~ aspera Hall. See Spatiopora maculata. 

Palescbara maculata HalL See Spatiopora maculata. 

Phrenopora ensiformis Hall. 

Pbrenopora fimbrata canadensis n. var. 

Pby lloporina asperato-striata (Hall). 

Polypora incepta Hall. . 

Pseudobornera diffusa (Hall). 

Pseudobornera niagarensis (Hall). 
SYNONYMIC LIST OF SPECIES. 

Ptilodictya crassa Nicholson and Hinde. See Pachydictya crassa. 

Ptilodictya ensiformis Ulrich. See Phamopora ensiformis. 

Ptiloporella ne1:vata (Nicholson). 

Retepora asperato-striata Hall. See Phylloporina asperato-striata. 

Retepora diffusa Ball. See Pseudohornera diffusa. 

Rhinopora curvata Ringueberg. 

Rhinopora tuberculosa Hall. See Fistulipora tuberculosa. 

Rhombotrypa spinulifera n. sp. 

Rhopalonaria attenuata Ulrich and Bassler. 

Sagenella elegans Hall. See Berenicea consimilis. 

Sagenella membranacea Hall. See Berenicea consimilis. 

Semicoscinium tenuiceps (Hall). 

Spatiopora maculata (Hall). 

· Stictopora crassa Hall. See Pachydictya crassa. 

Stictopora dichotoma Whitfield and Hovey. See Thamniscus dichotomus. 

Stictopora punctipora Hall. See Stictotrypa punctipora. 

Stictopora scitula Hall and Simpson. See Pachydictya crassa. 

Stictotrypa punctipora (Hall). 

Stigmatella globata n. sp. 

Stomatopora dissimilis Vine. 

Stomatopora dis;imilis elongata Vine. See Stomatopora elongata. 

Stomatopora elongata (Vine). 

Stomatopora parva Ringueberg. See Stomatopora elongata. 

Stomatopora recta Ringueberg. See Stomatopora dissimilis. 

Subretepora asperato-striata Miller. See Phylloporina asperato-striata. 

Subretepora dichotoma Miller. See Thamniscus dichotomus. 

Treniodictya schucherti n. sp. 

Thamniscus dichotomus (Hall). 

Thamniscus~ niagarensis HaJJ. See Pseudohornera niagarensis. 

Treinatopora.aspera Hall. See Acanthoclema asperum. 

Trematopora coalescens Hall. See Chilotrypa ostiolata. 

Trematopora granulifera Hall. See Batostomella granulifera. 

Trematopora ostiolata Hall. See Chilotrypa ostiolata. 

Trematopora minuta (Hall). See Nematopora minuta. 

~ Trematopora ~ ~ punctata Hall. See Idiotrypa punctata. 

Trematopora solida Hall. See Eridotrypa solida. 

Trematopora sparsa Hall. See Diploclema sparsum. 

Trematopora spiculata Miller. 

Trematopora spinulosa Hall (1852). See Bythopora spinulosa. 

Trematopora spinulosa Hall (1876). See 'i'rematopora spiculata. 

Trematopora striata Hall. See Eridotrypa strjata. 

Trematopora tuberculosa Hall. 

Trematopora whitfieldi Hall. 

VinelJa ~ multiradiata Ulrich and Bassler. 

Vinella radiciformis (Vine). 

65 
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67 
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. ·;,, .. ,. 

·. 69 . -

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PLATE III. 

View of a slab, X 1.4, showing assemblage of species. 

Rochester shah~, Middleport, N. Y. 

All of the species recognized on this slab are designated by numbers, but the duplicate 

specimens, of wliich there are many, are left unnumbered. In spite of the numerous 

species showing upon t~is specimen, some of the most common forms, such as Trematopora 

tuberculosa, Pachydictya crassa, Phylloporina asperato-striata, etc., are unrepresented. 

Following is the list of species with their corresponding numbers: 

1. Pseudohornera difi'usa (Hall). 17. Lioclema asperum (Hall). 

2. Diamesopora dichotoma (Hall). 18. Diploclema spars urn (Hall). 

3. Lioclemella maccombi n. sp. 19. Cretoclema cavernosa n. sp. 

4. Chilotrypa ostiolata (Hall). 20. Loculipora ulrichi n. sp. 

5. Semicoscinium tenuiceps (Hall). 21. T~£niodictya schucherti n. sp. 

6. Bythopora spinulosa (Hall). 22. Allonema waldronense Ulrich and Bassler. 

7. Callopora elegantula Hall. 23. Stigmatella globata n. sp. 

8. Fenestella cribrosa Hall. 24. Nematopora minuta (Hall). 

9. Polypora incepta Hall. 25. Trematopora spiculata Hall. 

10. Phronopora ensiformis Hall. 26. Eridotryp11. striata (Hall). 

11. Thamniscus dichotomus (Hall). 27. Ceramoporella orbiculata (Ringueberg). 

12. Pseudohornera niagarensis (Hall). 28. Fistulipora crustula n. sp. 

13. Stlctotrypa punctlpora (Hall). 29. Diploclema sparsum argutum n. var. 

14. Acantboclema asperum (Hall). 30. Ptiloporella nervata tNicholson). 

15. Fenestella elegans Hall. 

16. ldtotrypa punota.ta (Hall). 

31. Batostomeila granuhlera (Hall). 

32. Lioolema multlporum n. ip. · 

70 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HELIOTYPE CO . , BOSTON. 
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71 
PLATE IV.a 

Vinella~ multiradiata Ulrich and Bassler. (Page 13.) 

Fw. 1. Part of a colony attached to a crinoid column, exhibiting many nuclei and the 

intertwining of the numerous radiating stolons, X 9. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Vinella radiciformis (Vine). (Page 12.) 

2. Portion of the creeping network of the typical form of this species, X 9, showing 

several nuclei. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

3. A nucleus of another colony, X 20, showi:tig a few scattered pores along the radii. 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N.Y. 

Rhopalonaria attenuata Ulrich and Bassler. (Page 11.) 

4. Part of a colony preserved as -an excavated mold, with several branches growing 

so as to intersect each other, thus causing an apparent irregularity in the 

growth. 

5. Portion of another colony preserved as an excavated mold on a gastropod, showing a more regular ·arrangement of the zorecia. Both figures illustrate the 

extreme tenuity of the connecting stolons and the very slight swelling of the 

zorecial part. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Ascodictyon siluriense Vine. (Page 14.) 

6. Two isolated clusters of vesicles, X 9, attached to a fragment of Leptxna rhomboidalis. 

7. A group of clusters, X 9. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. ; ! ' ;' 

8. A single · cluster, magnified, · figured by Vine (Qu~rt. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, 

XXXVIII, 1882, p. 52, fig. 1). 

Wenlock shales, Shropshire, England. 

Allonema waldronense Ulrich and Bassler. (Page 13.) 

9. Portion of a colony attached to the dorsal valve of an orthoid. 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. · 

Stomatopora elongata (Vine). (Page 14.) 

10. Three zorecia, X 12, of a specimen identified by Mr. Vine. 

11. Portion ~fa zoarium magnified. (After Vine.) 

Wenlock shales, Shropshire, England. 

12, 13. Portions of two zoaria, X 12, showing variation in growth and shape of zorecia. 

14. A specimen, X 6, introduced for comparison with figure 19. 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N. Y. 

Stomatopora dissimilis Vine. (Page 15.) 

15. A reduced sketch of one of Vil)e's figures of this species. 

Wenlock shales, England. 

16. Zorecia, X 12, exhibiting transverse annulations and flexuous growth. 

17, 18. A portion of a colony, X 6, and parts of four zorecia of same, X 12. 

19. Another colopy, X 6. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

a Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 9 are copied from Ulrich and Bassler, Revision of American Paleozoic Bryozoa1 Ctenostomata; Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections (Quart. issue), XLV, 1904. 

72 
'U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. IV 

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13 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

PLATE 
PLATE V. 

Berenicea consimilis (Lonsdale). (Page 16.) 

FIG. 1. Portion of a zoarium, X 6, incrusting a Meristella and showing radiate arrange·· 

ment of zocecia about centers of growth. 

Silurian, island of Gotland. 

2. Copy of Vine's · ustration of this species. 

Wenlock shales, England. 

3, 4. Hall's figures of this species published under the name "An incrusting membrano-calcareous Coral" (Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, pl. 40 E, figs. 

8, 8a). 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

5. Several zocecia, X 20, of the Waldron form described by Hall as Sagenella elegans. 

Waldron shale, Newsom, Tenn. 

Diploclema sparsum (Hall). (Page 17.) 

[See also PI. XXXIII figs·. 4-6.] ., 

6, 7. Two fragments, natural size and X 9, of this abundant species showing the 

usual external features. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Diploclema sparsum argutum n. var. (Page 17.) 

8. A portion of a zoarium, X 12, exhibiting the greater number of ranges of zocecia 

and pore in front of the aperture, distinguishing this variety. 

9. Several zocecia of same with apertural pore. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Mitoclema sarlei n. sp. (Page 18.) 

10, 11, 12. Three fragmentary examples of this small species, natural size and X 9. 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N. Y. · 

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PLATE VI . . 

Bull. 292-06-6 75 
PLATE VI. 

Oeramopora imbricata Hall. (Page 19.) 

Fw. 1. Tangential section, X 18, showing the irregular mesopores and peculiar wall 

structure. 

2. Tangential section, X 18, passing through the porous basal layer, showing the 

cellulose character. · 

3. Portion of a vertical section, X 8, showing the cellulose basal layer and the openings in the walls of the zorecia. 

Figs. 1-3 are after Ulrich, Geological. Survey Illinois, VIII, 1890. 

4. A vertical section, X 10, cutting across the zoarium, showing growth abou~ a 

crinoid column, and the structure of zorecia an<} basal layer. 

5, 6. Celluliferous surfaces of two zoaria, X 2, composed of single maculre. 

Osgood beds, Osgood, Ind. 

7. Azoarium, X 2,showingseveral maculre. 

8. Basal view of a zoarium, X 2, showing the spongy nature and the cicatr~x of 

attachment. 

9, 10. A macula and a portion of another part of the surface of a zoarium enlarged, to 

show the imbricating character of the zorecia. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Figs. 9 and 10 are after Hall, Natural History of New York, Paleontology II, 1852. 

Oeramopora niagarensi; n. sp. (Page 19.) 

11. Sttrfa~ of. one of the types, X 8. 

l2, 13. Vertical and tangential sections, X 20, showing the cliaracteristic ceramoporoid 

structure. 

Rochest~r shale, Ro~hester, N.Y. 

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U. S. GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY BULLETIN N 0. 292 PL. Vi 

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HELIOTYPE CO ' BOSTON 

· PI_JATE VII. 

77 
PLATE VII. 

Fistulipora lockportensis n. sp. (Page 23.) 

FIGs. 1, 2. Tangential and vertical sections, respectively, X20, illustrating internal characters of the species. 

3. Surface view of one of the types, X 8, showing a macula and surrounding zorecia. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Fistulipora laminata (Hall). (Page 22.) 

(See also Pl. VIII, figs. 9, 10.] 

4, 5. Vertical and tangential sections, X 20. 

6. Surface of Hall's figured type, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Fistulipora crustula n. sp. (Page 24.1 

[See also Pl. VIII, figs. 1_6, 17; Pl. XXIII, fig. 15.] 

7. Tangential section, X 20, including a· portion of a macula and showing the 

small but prominent lunaria. 

8. Vertical section, X 20, showing both immature, and mature regions. 

9. Surface of a typical specimen showing portion of a macula a.~d the surrounding 

zorecia. 

10. A tangential section, X 20, passing close to the surface where the apertures 

are inclosed by polygonal areas. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Fistulipora tuberculosa (Hall). (Page 23.) 

[See a lso Pl. VIII, figs. 7, 8; Pl. XXIII. fig. 14.] 

11. Tangential section, X20, exhibiting the small, bi-lobed zorecia. 

12. Vertical section, X 20, passing through one of the sides of the utricular zoarium. 

13. Portion of a tangential section, X 20, prepared from Hall's figured type. 

14. Surface of Hall's figured type, X 8. 

15. A vertical section, X 6, to show the growth in hollow stems. The sides of the 

zoarium are brought nearer together than in the specimen in order to save 

space. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

78 
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BRYOZOA OF THE HOCHESTER SHALE. 

PLATE VIII. 

'79 
PLATE VIII. 

[Unless otherwise stated, all the figures on this p late are copied ftom Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 

1852.] 

Spatiopora macul~ (Hall). (Page 22.) 

[See also Pl. IX, figs. 10, 11.j 

FIG. 1. One of Hall's types of Paleschara maculata, natural size; bryozoan incrusting a 

Platyostoma. 

2. Surface enlarged. 

(Figs. 1 and 2 after Hall, Eleventh Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Nat. Hist. 1882.) 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. 

3. Zoarium incrusting a Stephanocrinus, natural size. 

4. Surface of same enlarged. 

(Species figured by Hall, but not named.) 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Meekoporafoliacea (Hall). (Page 25.) 

[See R.lso Pl. IX, figs. 5, 6.] 

5. Hall's type of Geramopora foliacea, natural size. 

6. Surface of .same, enlarged, showing arrangement of zorecial apertures and digitate maculre. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Fistulipora tuberculosa (Hall). (Page 2t.) 

[See also Pl. VIII, figs. 11-15; Pl. XXIII, fig. 14.] 

7. View of type, natural size, of Rhinopora tuberculosa Hall. This zoarium is a 

crushed utricular specimen. 

8. Enlarged view of same showing arrangement of apertures and tubercules. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Fistulipora laminata Hall. (Page 22.) 

[See also Pl. VII, figs. 4-6.] 

9, 10. Upper (celluliferous) and basal (epithecated) sides, respectively, of the original 

type of Gallopora laminata Hall, natural size. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

GhiLotrypa ostiolata (Hall). (Page 24.) 

lSee also Pl. lX, figs. 1-4.] 

11. Type of Trematopora coatescens Hall, natural size, which proyes to be the basal 

portion of Ohilotrypa ostwlata. 

12. Surface of same enlarged. 

13, 14, 15. Three typical examples of Ohilotrypa ostiolata, X 2. (Original.) 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y 

Fistulipora crustula n. sp. (Page 24.) 

[See a lso Pl. Vll . figs. i- 10; PI XXlll, fig. 15.]' 

16, 17. Views of the surface and of the interior of the shell incrusted of HaWs type of 

Geramopora incrustans. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

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BULLETIN NO. 292 PL . VIii 

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PLATE IX. 

81 
Fw. 1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

PLATE IX. 

Ohilotrypa ostiolata (Hall). (Page 24.) 

[See also Pl. VIII, figs. 11-15.] 

Surface of a typical example, X 20, showing portion of a macula and the surroun~ing zoreoia. 

A transverse section, X 20. 

Tangential section, X 20. 

A vertical section, X 20, illustrating the central canal, the peculiar bend of the 

zorecia in the immature region, and the vesiculose interspaces of the mature 

region. 

In figs. 2 and 4 the central canal is darkened in order to show it more clearly. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

M eekopora foliacea (Hall). (Page 25. 

[See also Pl. VIII, figs. 5, 6.] 

5, 6. Tangential and vertical sections, respectively, X 20, showing the fistuli-poroid 

character and bifoliate growth of this species. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Oeramoporella irregularis n. sp. (Page 21.) 

7. Tangential section, X 20, illustrating the prominent crescentic lunaria, rather 

numerous mesopores, and thin-walled zorecia. 

8. Vertical section, X 20, showing two hyers of zorecia 

9. Surface of the type specimen, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Spatiopora maculata (Hall). (Page 22.) 

[See also Pl. VIIL f.gs.l- 4.] 

10. A tangential section of an old example, X 20. 

11. Surface of a less mature example, X 8, in which the zorecia show the characteristic lineate arrangement. 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. 

Oeramoporella orbiculata (Ringueberg). (Page 20.) 

12. Vertical section, X 20. 

13. A tangential section, X 20, cutting the zoarium helm~ the surface and showing the 

usual mesopores at this height. 

14. Surface· of a typical example, X 8, showing a portion of a macula and the polygonal area marking out the zorecia in mature specimens. 

15. A portion of fig. 14, X 20. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

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• 

PLATE X. 

/ 
PLATE X. 

Mesotrypa nummiforrnis (Hall). (Page 27.) 

FIGs. 1, 2. Tangential and vertical sections, respectively, X 20. 

3. Top and edge views of specimens, natural size, to show the characteristic growt)'. 

4. Surface of the original of fig. 3, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

• Orbignyella expansa (Ringueberg). (Page 26.) 

5. Vertical section, X 20, of a typical example with the usual developmer:t of 

curved diaphragms. 

6. Tangential section , X 20, through the mature region, exhibitir.c the brgc 

zorecia of a portion of a macula, and the smaller intermacular zoe2c . 

7. Several intermacu lar zorecia, X 30, with the characteristic wall structure well 

developed. 

8. Surface of Ringueberg's type, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N . .Y. 

Orbignyella magnopora n. sp. (Page 27.) 

9, 10. Vertical and tangential sections, X 20, exhibiting the comparatively few 

curved diaphragms and the large, thin-walled zorecia characteristic of the 

species. 

11. Several zorecia of a tangential section, X 20, giving the appearance when tbe 

curved diaphragms are cut. 

12. Surface of type specimen, X 8, exhibiting the large, thin-walled zorecia by 

which externally the species can be separated from the associated 0. expansa. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Rhombotrypa spinulifera n. sp. (Page 37.) 

[See also Pl. XXV, Eg. 21.] 

13. Vertical section, X 20, exhibiting the zones caused by the turning of the 

zorecia at regular intervals. 

14. Tangential section, X 20, cutting the mature region where the mesopores 

are well developed. 

15. A few zorecia and mesopores, X 35, of a section passing through the most mat me 

portion of the zoarium and showing the acanthopores distinguishing this 

from other species of the genus. 

16. A portion of a transverse section, X 20, exhibiting the quadrate shape of the 

zorecia in the immature zone. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

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15 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

" 

. PLATE XI. 

b5 

.. 

· , • "!' , .: i 
PLATE XI. 

Lioclema asperum Hall. (Page 32.) 

[See alstl Pl. XXIV, figs. 14-16.] 

FIG. 1. A vertical section, X 20, passing through an immature and portions of tw< 

mature regions. 

2. Tangential section, X 20, illustrating the general features of the mature region 

3. A portion of a tangential section, X 35, showing the structure of the walls and o

the numerous large acanthopores. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Lioclema multiporum n. sp. (Page 34.) 

[Sec also Pl. XXIII, fig. 18; Pl. XXVII, fig. 20 .] 

4. A small portion of a tangential section, X 20, passing through the mature region.. 

5. A vertical section, X 20, showing the characters of both immature and matun 

regions. 

6. A portion of the tangential sectio)l figured in 4, X 35, introduced for comparisor 

with the corresponding figure of L. aspernm. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

;_,ioclemella muccombi n. sp. (Page 36.) 

[See also Pl. XXV, figs. 5-7.] 

7. Vertical section, X 20, with the usual tabulation of zomcia and mesopores. 

8, 9. Tangential section, X 20, and a portion of same, X 30, illustrating the shape of the 

zorecia and structure of the walls. 

10. Surface of one of the figured types, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Lioclema ramulosum n. sp. (Page 35.) 

[See also Pl. XXV, figs. 9, 10.] 

11. Vertical section, X 20, illustrating the apparent absence of diaphragms. 

12, 13. TangPntial section, X 20, and a portion of same, X 30, showing the general 

arrangement and structure of the zorecia and mesopores and of the few but 

large acanthopores. 

Rochester shale, Lockp(l)rt, N.Y. 

Eridotrypa nodulosa n. sp. (Page 30.) 

[See also Pl. XXV, figs. 1-3.] 

14, 15. Tangential and vertical sections, respectively, X 20, illustrating the intemal characters of a mature example. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 
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PLATE XII. 

87 

PI~ATE XII. 

Eridotrypa spinosa n. sp. (Page 29.) 

[See also Pl. XXV, fig. 15.] 

Fw. 1. Vertical section, X 20, showing the tabulation and the thick zorecial walls of th 

mature region. 

2, 3. Two portions of a tangential section, X 20, exhibiting the thick zorecial welh 

large numerous acanthopores, and the variation in the number of mesopores. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Eridotrypa striata (Hall). (Page 32.) 

[See a lso Pl. XXIV, figs. 3-6; Pl. XXV, fig. 14.] 

4. Vertical section, X 20, showing the characteristic tabulation and the slight thick 

ening of the walls in the mature region. 

5, 6. Portions of two tangential sections, X 20, showing the appearance of the you.thfu 

and aged co nditi~ns, respectively, of the mature region. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Eritiotrypa solida (Hall). (Page 30.) 

[See also-Pl. XX~V, figs. 20-23; Pl. XXV ,_fig. 16.] 

7. Vertical section, X 20, showing the usual absence of diaphragms and slight thick

ening of walls in the mature region. 

8, 9. Two portwns of a tangential section, X 20, showing the angular zorecia and meso

pores of the mature zone. 

Rochester shale, Lockport,~. Y. 

Eridotrypa similis n. sp. (Page 31.) 

[See also Pl. XXV I, figs. 1, 2.] 

10. A tangential section, X 20, with the usual thick-walled angular zorecia and meso

pores and charactenstic acanthopores. 

11. Vertical section, X 20, exhibiting few diaphragms in the zorecial tubes and mor

numerous ones in the mesopores. 

12. A tangential section, X 30, passi11g through a macula. 

13. Another tangential .oection showing more mihlerous acanthopores and mesopore

than usual. 

14. Surface of one of the figured types, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHAL~ 

PLATE XIII. 

89 
PLATE Xlll. 

Batostomella granul1fera (Hall). (Page 28.) 

[See a lso Pl. XXIV, figs. 10, 11; Pl. XXV, figs. 11, 1~.] 

Fw. 1. 'Tangential section, X 20, showing the solid interzocecial spaces and numerous 

acanthopores. • 

2. Another tangential section, X 20, taken lower in the m&ture region where the 

acanthopores are smaller and the mesopores are visible. 

3. Tangential section, X 30, showing the wall structure with the mesopores faintly 

visible. 

4, 5. Vertical section, X 20 and X 30, respectively, exhibiting the usual intern~! features. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Bythopora spinulosa (Hall). (Page 29.) 

[See a lso Pl. XXIV, pgs. 12, 13.] 

6, 7. Tangential and vertical sections, X 20. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Lioclema explanatum n. sp. (Page 33.) 

[See also Pl. XXVI, fig. 4.] 

8. Surface of one of the types, X 16. 

9. Tangential section, X 20, showing the thin-walled zocecia, numerous mesopores, 

and comparatively few acanthopores. 

10. Vertical section, X 20, e.xhibiting the tabulation of zocecia and mesopores. 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N.Y. 

Lioclema mrcinctum n. sp. (Page 34.) 

11. Vertical section, X 20, of the type specimen, showing two successive layers of zorecia. 

12. Tangential section, X 20, bringing out the unusually numerous mesopores and 

apparent absence of acanthopores. 

13, 14. Small portion of fig. 12, X 60, and a portion of wall of same, X 75, exhibiting the 

peculiar wall structure. 

Rochester shale, Lockport., N.Y. 

Trematopora tuberculosa Hall. (Page 43.) 

[See also Pl. XVII~ figs. 1-3; Pl. XXV, fig. 8.] 

15. A few zocecia of a vertical section, X 35, exhibiting the beadlike constrictions of 

the mesopores. 

16. Several zocecia of a tangential section, X 35, showing the minute structure _of the 

walls and acanthopores. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLE fiN NO. 292 PL. XIII 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHAL~ 

91 

Bull. 2H2-06-7 

' 
PLATE XIV. 

Diplotrypa walkeri n. sp. (Page 47.) 

[See a lso Pl. XXV, fig. 4.] 

FIG. 1. Tangential section, X 20, showing the usual number of mesopores and the differences in the size of the zorecia. 

2, 3. Verti~al sections, X 20, exhibiting slight variations in the tabulation of mesopores 

and zorecia. 

4. Portion of fig. 1, X 40. 

5. Surface view of one of the types, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Grirnsby, Ontario. 

Stigmatella globata n. sp. (Page 28.) 

6. Tangential section, X 20, passing through one of the zones of acanthopores and 

illustrating tbP- thin walls and comparatively few acanthopores and mesopores. 

7. A portion of fig. G, X 40, exhibiting the structure and size of the acanthopores and 

the haracLeris ic amalgama.tion of the zorecial walls. 

8. Vertical section, X 20, cutting two zones of acanthopores. 

9. Surface view of the sectioned type, X 8. 

Rochester sh3;le, Lockport, N. Y. 

N1:cholsonella florida (Hall). (Page 38.) 

)See also Pl. XXIV, figs. 1, 2.] 

10. Ta.ngential seetion , X 20, illustrating the large canthopor~s indenting the zorecial 

apertures. 

11. Vertical section through a small portion of an immature rPgion and all of a mature 

region, X 20. ' 

Rochflst.er shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Ntch.olsonella ringuebergi n. sp. (Page 39.) 

12. Tangent.ial section, X 20, through the matmc region. The zorecial cavities are 

blackened in order to bring out more clearly the indentation of the walls by 

the acanthopores. 

13. Vertical section, X 20, passing through an entire zoariull'. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y .. 

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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XIV 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHAL~ 

PLA'fE XV. 

__ - _- __ -____ - ___ __:____~_--

93 
Fws. 1, 2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

PLATE XV. 

Oallopora magnopora Foerste. (Page 42.) 

[See also Pl. XXVI, fig. 3.] 

Tangential and vertical sections, X 20, of an authentic specimen. 

Clinton formation, Dayton, Ohio. 

Vertical section, X 20, showing the characteristic tabulation of the species. 

A small portion of a tangential ~WCction, X 20, cutting the mature region at a zone 

where the mesopores are well developed. 

Several zorecia and mesopores, X 20, of a tangential section taken near the 

surface of the zoar-ium where the mesopores are few in number. 

Portion of a transverse section, X 20, showing the shape of the zorecia and me1opores in the immature zone. 

A single zorecium from a deep tangential section, X 20, passing through a 

· diaphragm and indicating that the opercula seen at the surfa_ce became 

di~phragms as growth proceeded. 

Surface of a typical example, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Callopom clausa n. sp. (Page 42.) 

9. Tangential sec.tion, X 20, illustr'ating the polygonal rather thick-walled zorecia 

and few mesopores. 

10. Vertical section, X 20, showing characteristic tabulation of zorecia and mesopores and disappearance of the latter as the surface is approached. 

11. A typical example, natural size. .. 

12. Surface of same, X 8. Here only the crests of the zorecial walls are showr., 

the walls themselves being considerably thicker. 

Rocheiter shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

94 

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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XV 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHAL~ 

PLATE XVI . . 

95 
PLATE XVI. 

Monotrypa osgoodensis n. sp. (Page 46.) 

Fms. 1, 2. Portions of two vertical sections, X 20, exhibiting the tabulation and other 

characteristics of the immature and mature zones, respectively. 

3. Tangential section, X 20, passing through the mature region. 

Osgood beds, Osgood, Ind. 

4. Top and side views of a zoarium, natural size. 

5. Surface of a typical example, X 8. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Monotrypa benjamini n. sp. (Page 46.) 

[See also Pl. XXVI, fig. 11.] 

6. Vertical section, X 20, showing the . characteristic crenulations of the zorecial 

walls. 

7. A tangential section, X 20, passing through the immature region. 

8. A tangential section, X 20, cutting the mature region. Here the thickness of 

the walls has been somewhat increased by a secondary deposit. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

9. A small portion of a vertical section, X 20, passing through the immature region. 

Osgood beds, Osgood, Ind. · 

Monotrypa pediculata n. sp . . (Page 47.) 

10, 11. Vertical and tangential sections, X 20, showing the internal structure. 

12. Surface of -one of the .types, X 8. 

13. Two complete zoaria, natural size, showing the striated basal portion. 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N. Y. 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

PLATE· XVII. 

97 
PLATE XVII. · 

'frematopora tuberculosa Hall. (Page 43.) 

[See also Pl. XIII, figs. 15, 16; Pl. XXV; fig. 8.] 

FIG. 1. Surface of a \vell-preserved specimen, X 18. 

2, 3. Vertical and tangential sections, X 18. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y . 

. ldiotrypa punctata (Hall). (Page 40.) 

[See also Pl. XXIV, figs. 1i-19.] 

4. -4 tangential section, X 18, passin_g close to the surface . 

. 5. A vertical section, X 18, showing the characters of the mature region. 

6. A portion of fig. 4, X 50, showing the minute structure. 

7. Surface of o. specimen, X 18. 

8. A tangential section, X 18, passing through a less mature region than that figured 

in 4. 

Osgood beds, Osgood, Ind. 

9. A tangential section, X 18, introduced for compa.rison with fjg. 8. 

10. A vertical section, X lS: passing through two layers of the zorecia. This specimen is less mature than Ulrich's type of ldiotrypa parasitica, which furnished 

the sections figured in 4, 5, and 6. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Gallopora elegantula Hall. (Page 41.) 

[See also Pl. XXVI, fig. 12.] 

11. A normal vertical section, X 18. 

12. A tangential section, X 18, in which three of the zorecia show opercula. 

13. A transverse section, X 18, illustrating the shape of the zorecia and mesopores in 

the immature region. 

14, 15. Tangential and verticai sections, X 20, exhibiting slight variations from the above. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Figs. 1-7 and 11-13 are copied from Ulrich, Ame;.ican Paleozoic Bryozoa, Journal Cincinnati Society of Natural History. · 

98 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XVII 

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7 

16 

8 15 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHAL~ 

PLATE XVIII. 

99 
PLATE XVIII. 

PhyUoporina. asper_ato-striata (Ha.ll). (Page 48.) 

Fws. 1, 2. A small fragment, natural size, and the surface enlarged. 

3. A more complete zoarium, natural size, showing the noncelluliferous side. 

4, 5. Two enlargements of the noncelluliferous side, exhibiting the asperate striat 

character which suggested the specific name. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Pseudohornera di.ffusa (Hall). -(Page 50.) 

[See also Pl. XXIII, figs. 1-3.] 

6, 7. Views of Hall's types, natural size. 

8. A portion of the noncelluliferous striated surface enlarged. 

9. An enlargement of the celluliferous face showing the arrangement and forr 

of the zocecia. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

N ematopora min uta (Hall). (Page 58.) 

[See also Pl. XXI, figs. 8, !J.] 

10. Hall's type, natural size and enlarged. 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. 

Pachydictya crassa (Hall). (Page 57.) 

[See also Pl. XXI, figs. 14-16.] 

11, 12. Two enlargements of a fragment of this species, figured by Hall and Sim 

son as Stictopora scitula. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Loculipora ambigua (Hall). (Page 53.) 

13. An almost complete zoarium, natural size. 

14, 15. Enlarged views of the opposite faces of the same specimen showing sliglJ 

differences in the character of ea~h. 

16. An enlargement from the edge of specimen illustrated by fig. 13. 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. 

Thamriiscus dichotomus (Hall). (Page 54.) 

[See also Pl. XXVII, figs. 1-7.1 

17, 1s: One of Hall's types, natural size, and enlargement of the same. 

The supposed original of these figures, as stated on page 54, proves to b 

a small example of Pachydictya crassa. 

19. An enlarged view of the striated noncelluliferous face of Hall's second typ 

of the species. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.y. 

Pseudohornera niagarensis (Hall). (Page 49.) 

[See also Pl. XIX, figs. 14-16.1 

20. View of a specimen of this species, natural size, figured by Hall as Fenestella. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

All the figures on this plate are copied from Hall, figs. 1-9 and 17-20 being from Natur: 

History of New York, Paleontology II, 1852; figs. 11 and 12 from Vol. VI of the sarr 

series; and figs. 10 and 13-16 from Eleventh Annual Report of the State Geologist 

Indiana, 1882. · 

100 
. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XV II I 

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{I( 

{)f) ' _....,, .r 17 

18 19 20 

11 12 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. 

PLATE XIX. 

101 

... 
PLATE XIX. 

Unless otherwise state::l all the figures on this plate are copied from Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal 

II, 1852.] 

Fe.ne8tella elegans Hall. (Page 51.) 

FIG. 1. A frond, natural size, showing the noncelluliferous side. 

2. Celluliferous side of another specimen, enlarged.· 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Fenestella cribrosa Hall. (Page 50.) 

' 3. Fragment, natural size, exposing noncel1uliferous face. 

4. Portion of same enlarged. 

5. Celluliferous face of another example, X 20, showing protruding zorecia, con 

spicuous spines on carina, and broad branches. (Original). 

Rochest er shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Semicoscinium tenuiceps (Hall). (Page 52.) 

6. Basal view, natural size, showing funnel-shaped zoarium with carinated ceJluliferous face. 

7. Celluliferotis surface of a specimen enlarged, with the carina worn or less devel· 

oped than usual, thus exposing the zorecial apertures more clearly. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Polypora incepta Hall. (Page 52.) 

8, 9. Two zoa.ria, natural size, both exhibiting the noncelluliferous surface. 

10, 11. NoncellulifP.t·ous side enlarged to show striated surface. 

12. 13. Two enlargements of the celluliferous face, exhibiting number of rows and arrangement of zorecia] apertures. 

Rochester shale: Lockport, N.Y. 

Pseudohornera niagarensis (Hall). Wage 49.) 

[See also Pl. XVIII, fig. 20.] 

14. Noncelluliferous face, natural size. 

15. Celluliferous face of another example, X 2. 

16. Fragment of another zoarium, X 3, showing basal attachment and angular crest. 

Figs. 14-16 after Hall, Eleventh Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Nat. Hist .. 1882. 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. 

102 
3. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

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12 10 

8 13 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HELIOTYPE CO.' BOSTON. 

BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XIX . 

5 

14 

PLATE XX. 

103 
PLATE XX. 

Olathropora alcicornis Hall. (Page 56.) 

FIG. 1. A view of the type specimen, natural size. 

2, 3. Enlarged views of the surface of the same. 

4. A tangential section of the type specimen, X ~0, showing its generic identit; 

with Olathropora. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Ol"athroporafrondosa Hall and var. intermedia Nicholson and Hinde. · (Page 56.) 

[See also PI. XXI, figs. 6, 7.] 

5. A view of the type specimen of the s:nall fen~strulcd form, which Nicholso1 

and Hinde apparently considerJd as typical C. frondosa. · 

6. Natural-sized view of another of Hall's typo sp::cimcns, lat€r distinguished b 

Nicholson and Hinde as var. intermedia. 

7, 8. Enlarged view of the surface, showing the zorecial characters in· both species anc 

variety. 

9, 10, 11. Three fragments of zoaria, $bowing the pointed basal extremity 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Figs. 1,2,-3, 5, 6, 7, 8 are after Hall; Natural History of New York, Paleontology II, 1852 

104 
J. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XX 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 
/ 
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PLATE XXI. 

105 
PLATE XXI. 

Loculipora ambigua (Hall). (Pag~ 53.) 

Fw. 1. An outline sketch, natural size, illustrating the growth of this species and intro

duced for compa6son with fig. 2. 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. 

Loculipora ulrichi n. sp. · (Page 33.) 

2. Sketch of a zoarium, natural siz3, showing the narrow elongate basal portion~ 

Rochester ·shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Acanthodema asperum (Hall). (Page 58.) 

[See also Pl. XXIV, figs. 7-9; Pl. XXV, figs. 17-20.) 

3. Vertical section, X 20, showing the growth of the zocecia from a central line. 

4. Tangential section, X 20, passing through the mature region and illustrating the 

elongate-oval zocecia, solid interspaces, and numerous granular-like acanthopor~s. 

5. Transverse section, X 20, exhibiting th::J zo~cia radiating from the central axis. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Olathroporafrondosa Hall. (Page 56.) 

[See also Pl. XX, figs. 5-11.] 

G. A vertical section, X 20, illustrating the bifoliate growth, the hemisepta, and 

the general shape of the zocecia. 

7. Tangential section, X 20, with the characteristic wall structure of the genus. 

Rochester shal!? , Lockport, N. Y. 

Nematopora minuta (Hall). (Page 58.) 

[See also Pl. XVIII, fig. 10.) 

8, 9. Two tangential sections passing through portions of mature region and exhibitin

the long, oval zocecia and the numerous small acanthopores . 

10. Vertical s::ction, X 20. 

11. A portion of fig. 10, X 40,'illustrating the acanthopores pie~cing the interzocecia

thickening. 

Rochester s_hale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Diamesopora dichotoma Hall. (Page 62.) 

[See also Pl. XXIV, figs. 28-30.) 

12. A vertical section, X 20, with the opposite sides brought closer together than in th

specimen. 

13. A tangential section, X 20, passing through both mature and immature regions an

bringing out especially the shape of the primitive zocecia. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Pachydictya crassa (Hall). (Page 57.) 

[See also Pl. XVIII, figs. 11, 12.) 

14, 15. Vertical and tangential srctions, X 20, illustrating the internal structure of th

Rochester form. 

16. Portion ·of a transverse section, X 20, introduced to show the mesial tubu1i. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

106 
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12 13 

19 

20 18 

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BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 

Ph:£noporafimbriata canadensis n. var. (Puge 55.) 

Fw. 17. Outline of the most complete zoarium seen, natural size. 

18. Surface of same, X 8. 

107 

19. Tangenti~l section, X 20, showing the two small pores at the end of the zorecia. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

· Phrenoparajimbriata James. (Page 55.) 

20. Portion of a tangential section, X 20, introduced for comparison with fig. 19. 

Clinton limestone, Dayton, Ohio. 

Bull. ·292-06-8 

PLATE XXII. 

109 
PLATE XXII. 

Lichenalia concentrica Hall. (Page 61.) 

[See also Pl. XXVI, figs. 7-10.] 

FIG. 1. A tangential section, X 6, passing close to the surface of the zoarium and cutting 

one of the meandering canals. 

2. Portion of a tangential section, X 20, cutting the high anterior end of the peristome and a few of the connecting walls. · 

3. A tangential section, X 20, passing through a lower portion of the zoarium than 

in fig. 2. The lower portion of the figure illustrates the zo<:rcia and mesoporel*e structures of the mature region, the middle portion, the oblong or rectangular shape of the zorecia in the immature zone, while in the upper part of the 

drawing are shown portions of the concentric rings of the epitheca. 

4. A portion of a tangential section, X 20, illustrating the nature of the walls of 

the mesopore spaces. 

5. A vertical section, X 20, illustratingthe followingcharacters: z, the zorecia; c, one 

of the canals, covered above ; u b, undulating base of zoarium; w, walls forming 

the mesopore-like spaces; p, the extremely high posterior portion of the peristome ; a, the low anterior portion of the peristome: and p', a posterior portion 

·of the peristome cut obliquely. 

6. A more diagrammatic vertical section, X 20, showing especially the low and high 

portions of the peristome and the walls of the)nterzorecial spaces. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Stictotrypa punctipora (Hall). (Page 61.) 

LSee also Pl. XXIV, figs. 26, 27.] 

7. A nearly complete zoarium, natural size, illustrating the usual method of growth. 

8. A portion of the surface of the same, X 20, showing the characteristic notch 

or cleft in the anterior part of the peristome. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

9. A portion of a tangential section, X 20, passing through both mature and immature regions and illustrating especially the rhomboidal shape of the immature 

zorecia. 

10. A tangential section through the mature region, X 20. 

11. A vertical section, X 20. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Rhinopora curvata Ringueberg. (Page 60.) 

12. A vertical section, X 20, illustrating the bifoliate growth and other characters. 

13. Surface of a typical example,· X 8. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

110 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BU L LETIN NO. 292 PL. XXII 

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.~'·, lZ:0 4 

8 

10 12 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHAL~ 

PLA1:E ·xxiii. 

111 

.. 
PLATE XXlll. 

Pseudohornera diffusa (Hall). (Pnge 50.) 

[See also PI. XVIII, figs. 6-9.1 

FIG. 1. Transverse section of a branch, X 18, showing central lamina. 

2. Tangential section, X 18. 

3. Vertical section,. X 18, showing thick basal plate, the form of the zorecia, and 

the abortive cells beneath the central lamina. 

Rochester s~1ale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Diplodema sparsum (Hall). (Page 17.) 

[See also Pl. V, figs. 6, 7.] 

4. Tangential section, X 18, cutting the zorecia at varying levels between the apertures and the median line. 

5, 6. Two transverse sections, X 30, showing the central lamina. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Rhinopora verrucosa Hall. (Introduced for comparison.) 

7. Fragment, natural size, showing the covered canals. 

8. A fragment in which the canals arc apparently absent. This specimen closely 

resembles the zoarium of Rhinopora curv_ata. 

9. Enlargement of fig. 8, showing the arrangement of the zorecia. 

dinton formation, Flamborough Head, Canada. 

Gmlodema cavernosa n. sp. (Page 21.) 

10. A zoarium, X L5, showing the utricular form of growth. 

11. A still further enlargement of the same specimen, exhibiting the arrangemL'nt·of 

the zorecia. 

12. A vertical s::ction, X 20, through one of tho sides of tho zoarium. 

13. Tangential section, X 20. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Fistulipora tuberculosa Hall. (Page 23.) 

(See also PI. VII, figs. 1_1-15; Pl. VIII, figs. 7, 8.] 

14. A characteristic specimen, X 2, showing tho usual utricular method of growth. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Fistulipora crustula n. &p. (Page 24.) 

[See also Pl. VIr, f:gs. 7- 10; Pl. VIII, figs. 16, 17.1 

15. A zoarium, X 2. 

Rochestcr.shale, Lockport., N.Y. 

Trematopora whitfieldi Ulrich. (Page 44.) 

[See also Pl. XXVII, figs. 16, 17.] 

16. A fragment, natural size. 

17. Surfac3 of same, X 18. 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. 

112 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XXIII 

9 7 8 

~ 5 

~ 18 

11 

14 10 15 

17 

12 13 

19 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HELlO TYPE CO., BOSTON. 

Lioclema mvltiporum n. sp. (Page 34.; 

fSee also Pl. XI, figs. 4-6; Pl. XXVII, fig. 20.) 

FIG. 18. A zoarium, X 2, incrusting an Atrypa. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Lioclema pecvliare n. sp. (Page 35.) 

• [See also Pl. XXV, fig. 13.] 

19. A vertical section, X 20, showing two layers of zorecia. 

20. Tangential section, X 20, exhibiting the many small acanthopores. 

·21. Several zocecia and rncsoporcs, X 35, showing the wall structure. 

22. Surface of one of the types, X :20. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

113 

Figs. 1 to 4 are copied from Ulrich, Geological Survey of Illinois, VIII; 7 to 9 from Hall, 

Natural History of New York, Paleontology II; 16 and 17 from Ulrich, American Paleozoic Bryozoa. 

PLATE XXIV. · 

115 

• 
PLATE XXIV. 

[Unless otherwise stated, all the figures on this plate are copied from Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. 

II, 1852.] 

Nicholsonertajlorida (Hall). (Page 38.) 

(See also Pl. XIV, figs. 10, 11.1 

FJGs. 1, 2. Zoaria enlarged and natural size respectively. In upper half of fig. 1 the floriform apertures are shown while a species of Lioclema incrusts a portioe1 of 

the lower half. · 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Eridotrypa striata (Hall). ·(Page 32.) 

(See also Pl. XII, figs. 4-6; Pl. XXV, fig. 14.] 

3, 4. Enlar-ged and natural-size views of the basal part of a zoarium. 

5. A portion of fig. 3 e:1larged to show the striated appearance of the zorecia 

toward the base. 

6. A fragment of a zoarium, natural. size. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y . . .. · 

Acanthoclema asperum .(Hall). (Page 58.) 

[See also Pl. XXI, figs. 3-5; Pl. XXV, figs. 17-20.] 

7, 8. Three fragments of zoaria, natural size. 

9. A portion of fig. 7 enlarged, showing the numerous small acanthopores indenting the elongate-oval zorecia. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Batostomella granulifera (Hall). (Page 28.) 

(See also Pl. XIII, figs. 1-5; ·Pl. XXV, figs. 11, 12.] 

10. Fragment of a zoarium, natural size, showing the usual growth. 

11. Surface of a fragment, enlarged. 

Rochester shale, Lockport; N, Y. 

Bythopora spinulosa (Hall). (Page 29.) 

(See a lso Pl. XIII, figs. G, 7.] 

12. A fragment, natural size, rather more robust than usual. 

13. Surface of same enlarged, showbg the sharp spines. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Lioclema asperum (Hall). (Page 32.) 

[See al::w Pl. XI, figs. 1-3.j 

14. An undulating expansion of this species, natural size. 

15, 16. Two enlargements of the surface, exhibiting the numerous mesopores and 

. large acanthopores. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

116 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

., 

I 

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27 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HELIOTYPE CO.' BOSTON 

BULLETIN NO. 29 2 PL . XXIV 

5 

12 13 

21 11 

20 

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BRYOZOA OF THE RO CH ST ER SHALE 

HELIOTYPE CO ., BOSTO 

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12 13 

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20 

(_j 
ldiotrypa punctata (Hall). (Page 40.) · 

[See also Pl. XVII, figs. 4-10.] 

Fw. 17. View of Hall's type, natural size, growing about a crinoid column. 

18. Surface of same, enlarged. 

19. View of a transverse section of the type. 

·Rochester shaie., Lockport, N. Y. 

Eridotrypa salida (Hall). (Page 30.) 

[See also Pl. XII, figs. 7-9; Pl. XXV, fig. 16.] 

20. A small fragment, natural size. 

21, 22, 23. Three views of the surface of a zoarium, enlarged. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Ptiloporella nervata (Nicholson). (Page 51.) . 

[See also Pl. XXVI, figs. 5, fi.] 

117 

24, 25. Nat ural size and enlarged views of the noncelluliferous ':face. (After Nicholson, 

Geol. Survey Ohio, Pal. II, Pl. XXV, figs. 11, lla. 

Niagara limestone, Cedarville, Ohio. 

Stictotrypa punctipora (Hall). (Pa.ge 61.) 

[See also Pl. XXIl, figs. 7-11.] 

• 26, 27. Natural size and enlarged views of a fragment showing the arrangement and 

shape of the zorecia. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Diamesopora dichotoma (Hall). (Page 62.) 

[See also Pl. XXI, figs. 12. lil.] 

28. Fragment of a zoarium showing the characteristic hollow stems. 

29, 30. Two views ofthe surface, enlarged. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 
• 
f . 

PLA_TE· XXV. 
PLATE XXV. 

Eridotrypa nodulosa n. sp. (Page 30.) 

[See also Pl. XI, figs. 14, 15.] 

Fws. 1, 2, 3. Three fragments, X 2, illustrating the variation in the shape of-the tubercles. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Diplotrypa walkeri n. sp. (Page 47.) 

[See also Pl. XIV, fig s. l-5.J 

4. An average complete zoarium of this species, X 2. 

Rochestet· shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Lioclemella maccombi n. sp. (Page 36.) 

[See also Pl. XI, figs. 7-lO.J 

5, 6, 7. Three nearly complete zoaria, X 2, ~howing the unbranched and basally 

pointed features. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Trematopora tuberculosa (Hall). (Pag~ 43.) 

[See a lso Pl. X III, figs. 15, 16; Pl. XV II, figs: 1-3.] 

8. A fragment of a zoarium, X 2, showing the usual conspicuous tubercles. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Lioclema ramulosum n. sp. (Page ·35.) 

[See also Pl. XI, figs. 11-13.] 

9, 10. Two fragmetits, X 2, illustrating the usual characters of the species. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Batoslomella granulifera (Hall)". (Page 28.) · 

[See a lso Pl. XIII, figs. 1-5; Pl. XXIV, figs. lO, ll.J 

11, 12. Two fragmentary examples, X 2. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Lioclema peculiare n. sp. (Page 35.) 

iSee also Pl. XXIII, figs. 1~22.J 

13. A zoarium incrusting a Rhynchotreta, X 2. 

Rochest.er shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Eridotrypa striata (Hall). (Page 32.) 

See also Pl. XII, figs. 4-6; Pl. XXIV, figs. 3-6.] 

14. A fragment, X 2, introduced for comparison with fig. 15. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

120 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL.XXV 

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11 

13 

8 

16 

17 18 20 

' 24 

22 23 14 15 10 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON . 

' ,, 

121 

Eridotrypa spinosa n. sp. (Page 29.) 

[See also Pl. XII, figs. 1-3.] 

FIG. 15. A fragment, X 2, showing the larger si~e of the branch and zorecra distinguishing 

the species from E. striata. · 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N. Y. 

Eridotrypa salida (Hall). (Page 30.) 

[See also Pl. XII, figs. 7-9; Pl. XXIV, figs. 20-23.] 

16. Portion of a zoarium, X 2. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Acanthoclema asperum (Hail)._ (Page 58.) 

[See also Pl. XXI, figs. 3- 5; Pl. XXIV, figs. 7-9.) 

17- 20. Four fragments, X 2. ·illustrating the usual characters of specimens found in 

washings. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Rhombotrypa spinulifera n. sp. (Page 37.) 

[See also Pl. X, figs. 13-16.) 

21. Portion of a zoarium, X 2, illustrating the usual shape of the fragments found. 

Rochester shale, Rochester·, N. Y. · 

Loculipora ulrichi n. sp. (Page 53.) 

[See also Pl. XXI, fig. 2.) 

· 22-24. Three fragments of the basal portions of zoaria, X 2. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

. . 

PLATE XXVI. 

Bull. 292-06-9 123 
PLATE XXVI. 

Eridotrypa similis n. sp. (Page 31.) 

[See also Pl. XII, figs. 10-14.] 

Fms. 1, 2. Two nearly complete zoaria, X 1.3. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Callopor-a magnopora Foerste. (Page 42.) 

[See also Pl. XV, figs. 1-8.] 

3. Fragment of a zoarium, X 1.3. showing the thickness of the branch. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Lioclema explanatum n. sp. (Page 33.) 

[See also Pl. XIII, figs. 8-10.] 

4. Basal view of a complete zoarium, X 1.3, showing the undulating epitheca. 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N. Y. 

Ptiloporellajnervata (Nichdlsort). -(Page 5() 

[See also Pl. XXIV, figs. 24, 25.] 

5, 6. Noncelluliferous and celluliferous faces of two zoaria, X 1.3, exhibiting the 

prominent primary branches. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Lichenalia concentnca Hall. (Page 61.) 

[See also Pl. XXll, figs. 1-6.] 

7, 8. Views of two young examples, natural size, showing the subcircular laminar 

zomcia. 

9. A portion of a zoarium, natural size, exhibiting the characteristic. concentric 

undulations of the epitheca. 

10. A portion of the epithecated side, enlarged. 

(Figs. 7 to 10 after Hall, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. 11, 1852, pl. 40E.) 

Rochester shaJe, Lockport, N. Y. 

Monotrypa benjamim n. sp. (Page 46.) 

[See also Pl. X VI, figs. 6-9.] 

11. A zoarium, X 3, split through its length to show the characteristic crenulated 

.zomcial walls. 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N. Y. 

Callopora elegantula Hall. (Page 41.) 

[See also Pl. XVII, figs. 11-15.] 

12. Fragment of a zoarium, X 3, exhibiting the usual arrangement of zorecia and 

mesopores. Many of the zomcia are closed by opercula. 

Rochester shale, Rochester, N. Y. 

124 
~- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XXVI 

I 

6 

9 

-

,...-... . .., ..,.c::,_ ( 

. 

' 

. ' 

. 

10 

7 8 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

r 

\ 

PLATE XXVII. 

125 
PLATE XXVII. 

Thamniscus dichotomus (Hall). (Page 54.) 

[See also Pl. XVIII, figs. 17-19.] 

FIG. 1. Surface view of a young example, X 20, showing the separating ridges. 

2. Portion of the surface of a more mature example, X 20, in which the ridges are less 

marked and the granules more pronounced. 

3. View of the noncelluliferous side of a young example, X 20, in which the characteristic granulose strire are well exhibited. 

4. Celluliferous and noncelluliferous faces of t\\o zoaria, ·natural size, exhibiting t};le 

characteristic dichotomous branching. 

5. Ta!lgential section, X 20, passing close to the surface of the celluliferous side. 

6, 7. Two vertical sections, X 20. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

P¥nopora ensijormis Hall. (Page 55.) 

8, 9. Tangential and vertical sections, respectively, X 20, showing the internal structure. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Treniodictya schucherti n. sp. (Page 57.) 

10. Vertical section, X 20. 

11. Tangential section, X 20, in which the zorecia have thickened walls and are 

arranged less regularly than usual. 

12. Portion of tangential section, X 20, showing the usual arrangement of the zorecia. 

13. Outline sketch, natural size, of the type of the species. 

Rochester shale, Grimsby, Ontario. 

Trematopora spiculata Hall. (Page 45.) 

14, 15. Tangential and vertical sections, respectively, X 20. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N. Y. 

Trematopora whifjieldi Ulrich. (Page 44.) 

[See also Pl. XXIII, figs. 16, 17.] 

16, 17. Vertical and tangential sections, X 20. 

Waldron shale, Waldron, Ind. 

Liorlema globulare n. sp. (Page 35.) 

18. Vertical section, X 20, showing the absence of diaphragms in the zorecia, and the 

irregular tabulation of the mesopores. 

· 19. Tangential section, X 20, exhibiting the thin-walled zorecia and few acanthopores. 

Rochester shale, Lockport, N.Y. 

Lioclema multiporum n. sp. (Page 34.) 

[See also Pl. XI, figs. 4--6; Pl. XXIII, fig. 18.] 

20. A vertical section, Y 20, of the subramose form. 

'. Rochester shale, Rochester, N.Y. 

126 

\ / 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XXVII 

1'l 

14 

' ( 

) ! 

I 

lj 

15 10 16 

11 

19 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE. 
\' 
f 

. . 

PLATE XXVIII .. 

I 

127 
PLATE. XXVIII. 

Slab about two-thirds ~~t~ral size, sho"'ing abundance of bryozoan remains upon surface .. 

The limestone layer, of which this slab is a portion, is made up almost entirely of bryozoa. 

Rochester shale, pulp mill along Erie Canal, Lockport, .N. Y. 

128 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XXVIII 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

129 
PLATE XXIX. 

A portion of the surface of slab figured on Pl. XXVIII magnified about one and a half 

times. In this particular specimen the solid and hollow ramose forms are particularly 

abundant. 

Rochester shale, pulp" mill a.long Erie Canal, Lockport, N. Y. 

130 
. S. GEO~Ol>IC L SU E BU LLE T! 0. 292 PL . 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HELIOTYPE CO .. OOSTON . 
PLATE XXX.· 

131 

• 
I 

PLATE XXX. 

View of a fragment of a thin limestone layer, magnified two diameters. In this layer the 

slender ramose species such , as Diploclemar sparsum, Nematopora minuta, and Acanthoclema asperum are particularly · abundant. 

Rochester shale, near locks of Erie Canal, Lockport, N.Y. 

132 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL.XXX 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HFIIOTYPF ~n .. RO~TON . 

; 

-'- - PLATE XXXI. 

133 
PLATE XXXI. 

A portion of the surface ofa slab, magnified about two diameters, s4owing-more numerous 

fenestellids than on the other specimens figured. The ramose specimen in the central 

part of the plate is a typic:1l example of Diamesopora dichotoma. 

Rochester shale, Niagara Gorge, New York. 

134 
r U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 292 PL. XXXI 

BRYOZOA OF THE ROCHESTER SHALE 

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. 

INDEX. 

(Names in italic are of synonyms; figures in black-face type show location of descriptions; figures fn 

italic refer to illustrations.) · 

A. Page. 

Acanthoclema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 

asperum.... ... .... ............ ...... . . 4, 

6, 8, 28, 58, 59, 63, 65, 70,106,116,121' 132 

Acknowledgments to those aiding. . . . . • . . . 1 

Allonema................................... 13 

waldronense .. . .............. 6, 11, 13, 63, 70,72 

Amplexoporidre .. ... ....................... , 37 

Arthropora................................ 13 

Arthrostylidre ....... : . .................... 58-59 

Ascodictyon ....... : ............. . , ........ 14,15 

radians.............................. .. 12 

radiciforme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 63 

siluriense ...... : .... ........ . 6, 10, 11, 14, 63, 72 

stella tum ... . .............. .. ........... 10, 14 

var. siluriense .................... ,. 14, 63 

Ascodictyonidre............................ 14 

Astrocerium consttictum.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Aulopora compressa....... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

consimilis .............................. 16, 63 

sp.. ... ................................. 15 

B. 

Batostomella .... : ................... . ..... 28-29 

aspera ................................ , . 58, 63 

granulifera .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, · 

6, 8, 28-29,35,63,65, 70, 90,116,1 20 

Batostomellidre .......... ..... .......... 2, 2S-36 

Berenicea ........... . . . ................. 16-17,18 

consimilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 16, 16-17, 63, 65, 7 4 

elegans .. ............................... 16, 63 

membranacea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 63 

Bibliography..... .......................... 8-11 

·Bryozoa, abundance of. . ........ . ......... . 

changes in .... .. ...... · ............. .... . 

collecting of ........................... . 

descriptions of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-63 

distribution of. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 

previous work on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

range and abundance of................ 6-7 

Build was beds, bryozoa of................. 8 

Bythopora.... . .... ..... ..... . ............. 29 

spinulosa ............. 6, 8, 29, 63, 65, 70, 90,116 

c .. Callopora .. :-.... ................ . ........ 8, 40-43 

, aspera .............................. 8, 9, 32,63 

clausa ........................ 6, 8, 40, 42, 63, 94 

elegaritula .......... 6, 8, 9, 40-41,63,70,98,124 

florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9, 22; 38, 63 

laminata ... ......................... 8, 9, 22,63 

magnopora ............. 6, 41,42-43,63,94,124 

nana ..................... ~ ............. 41, 42 

nummijormis . ........................ 8, 27, 63 

perelegans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 

Page. 

Callopora ramosa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 

sp. .. . . ... .......... ...... . .. .. . ... ... . .. 35 

Calloporella nummiformts .................. 27,63 

Calloporidre . ........... ..... .... . ... ·.· .... 40-43 

Cayugan time, bryozoa of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

Ceramopora .......................... 8, 18-20, 21 

joliacea ............................. . . 8, 25,63 

imbrica ta ............ 6, 8, 9, 18, 19, 20, 27, 63,76 

incrustans. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 24; 63 

labecula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

niagarensis .............. . 6,8, l9-::!0,21,63, 74 

orbiculata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

Ceramoporella ......................... 20-21, 24 

distincta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 

irregularis ........................ 6, 21, 63,82 

orbiculata .. .•..... .. ......... 6, 9, 20, 63, 70,82 

ceramoporidre ................ ....... ... 14, 1S-22 

Ch:etetes expansus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 26, 63 

Chilostomata............................... 2, 39 

Chilotrypa .. . . .... .. .. ... ... . ......... 9, 24-2o, 62 

coalescens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, ~5, 63 

ostiolata ........... 4, 6, 8, 24-25,63,65,70, 80,82 

Clathropora ..•........................ 8, 9, 56-57 

alcicornis ................... 6, 8, 56-57,63, 104 

frondosa ............... .... .. 6, 8, 9, 56, 63, 106 

frondosa intermedia ............. 6, 56, 63,104 

intermedw .... . ....................... 9, 56, 63 

Clonopo ra ............................. , . . . . 18 

Creloclema ...... ... . . .......... .. ....... 21,59,62 

cavernosa ..................... 6,21,63,70,112 

Constellaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

Constellariidre ............................. 37-39 

Coscinium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 

Cryptostomata . . .................. . ..... 2, 48-63 

Ctenostomata ........................... 2,11-14 

Cumulipora................ ... ............. 39 

Cyclostomata ........................ ... 2, H-26 

Cyrtia ........... .. .................... :. . . . 5 

D. 

Diamesopora· ...•..................... 9, 59,62-63 

dichotoma ..... .. 6, 8, 61,62-63,70,106,117,134 

Diastopora consimilts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 16, 63 

Diastoporella consimilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

Diastoporidre ........... . ................. 14-17 

Diplodema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 17-18 

regularis. . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

spar sa..... .. . .. . .. ..................... 17 

sparsum .......... 6,"8, 17, 63, 65, 70, 74,112,132 

sparsum var. argutum ..... g, 17-18,63, 70; 74 

Diplotrypa ...... ·.· ............... ... ...... 47-48 

milleri ... ... ~ ................ . .......... 27,63 

walkeri ..•..•...•.... 6, 28, 35', 47-48,63,92, 120 

135 
1- • 

136 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 

Drymotrypa ...... ___ _ . __ . . _ ... ___ ... ___ .... 9, 49 · Lioclema . ... ................ . ..... 9,12,32-36,37 

dijfusa. __ . __ .. ___________ . ___ ......... _. 50,63 asperum ........ 6,8,32-33,34,63,64, 70,86,116 

niagarensis ... ___ . ___ . _____ . _ .. _. _. _ _ _ _ _ 63 circinctum ..................... 6, 32, 34, 64,90 

E. 

England, bryozoa of. ..................... : 

Entalophora..... ... . . . . .. . .. . .. ... . . . . ... . 18 

Entalophoridre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-18 

Eridotrypa ................................. 29-32 

appressa......... ........ .... ........ ... 31 

briareus.................. .. ............ 32 

mutabilis .... ...... ..... ...... .... .. . .. . 29,32 

nodulosa ............ ___ . 6,29,30, 44,63,86,120 

similis ..................... 6,31-32,64,88,124-

solida ............. 6, 8, 29, 30-31-, 64, 65, 88, 121 

Spinosa ........ 6, 8, 29, 29-30,32,64,88,117,121 

striata .... .. ... 6, 8, 29, 32, 64, 65, 70, 88,116,120 

Erie Canal, bryozoa along . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

Escharopora..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

F. 

Fenestella ...... . .. ... ... .... ... ... ..... 60-o1,52 

cribrosa ................. 6,8,o0-51,64,70,102 

elegans . ... . .......... ... 6, 8, 50, 51, 64, 70,102 

ner11ata ............................... 9,51,64 

perforata....................... . ....... 52 

tenuiceps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9, 52, 64 

sp..... .... ...... ..... ...... . .... .... ... 49· 

Fenestellidre . ... ... . ..... ... ............. 4, 60-04 

Fistulipora ....................... 12, 22-24,59,60 

crustula ... ...... ... 6, 8, 24, 63, 64, 70, 78, 80,112 

laminata ................ 6, 22-23,63,64,78,80 

lockportensis ........... .. ........ 6, 23, 64,78 

tuberculosa .......... 6,21,23,64,65, 78,80,112 

Fistuliporidre ......................... 2, 14,22-26 

Foerste, A. F., on Osgood beds .... ~------- 5 

G. 

Grimsby, Ont., bryozoa from ............ .. 4 

H. 

Hall,James,work of........................ 1,3 

Helderbergian time, bryozoa of.. . . . . . . . . . . 2 

Helopora fragilis .......................... . 

Heteronema ..... ....... ·.................... 11 

Heterotrypidre.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-28 

Holocystites ....... ·.. .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . 5 

H omotrypa ............. ....... , ....... ~... 9 

confluens ........... ·.................... 31 

simi lis ... : . ...... : . .................. ·. . . 31 

? solid a . ........... ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 64 

Hornera ( ?) dichotoma ................. 8, 9, 54,64 

I. 

Idiotrypa ........................... , ...... 39-40 

parasi tica .... __ ·_-__ ............ :.. .. . 39, 40, 64 

punctata .............. 6, 8, 40, 64, 65, 70, 98,117 

Indiana, bryozoa of ........ ~... ............. 6-7 

Intricaria clathrata. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . 49 

L. 

. Leioclema floriQ,a. .. . . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . 38, 64 

lamina tum.................. ........... 22 

Leptotrypa maculata . ........ _, ............. 22,64 

Lichenalia. --·- ..................... 8, 9,59,60-61 

concentrica ... ... 6, 8, 9, 25, 26, 60, 61, 64,110,124-

explanatum ........ 6,8, 32, 33,34,38,64,90,124-

florida ......... ..... .... .. .. ...... ...... 38,64 

floridum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 

globulare . ..................... 6,28,36,64,126 

? laminata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 64 

multi porum .... 6, 8, 32, 33, 34, 64, 70, 86,113,126 

peculiare . .... ....... .... 6,8,35-36,64,113,120 

ramulosum ............ 6, 8, 28, 32, 35, 64, 86,120 

Lioclemella.... .. ...... ... . ... ... .. . . . . . . . . . 36 

fusiformis ............................. . 36 

maccombi. ________ ....... 6, 8, 36, 64, 70,86.120 

ohioensis. . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 

subfusiformis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 

Literature, list of........................... 8-11 

Lockport, N. Y., bryozoa near... .. .. . .. .. . 3 

Loculi pora. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-53 

ambigua ........................... : .. . 53,100 

ambigua var. precursO!-"- ....... 6, 8, 63,64,106 

gothlandica... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

ulrichi .................. · 6, 8, 53, 64, 70,106, ·121 

M. 

Medina time, bryozoa of. ....... --........ 2 

Meekopora ......... .................. ..... 25-26 

foliacea ................ 6, 8, 25-26,63,64,80,82 

Mesotrypa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 

milleri. .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 64 

nummiform is ............. 6,8, 19,27 ,63,64, 84-

Middleport, N.Y., bryozoa at.............. 3 

Mitoclema. .... ... .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . · 18 

sarlei. ........................... 6, 8, 18, 64, 7 4-

Monotrypa ............................. 46-47,48 

benjamini. .............. 6, 8, 46-47,64,96, 124-

corrugata............................... 74 

osgoodensis ...................... 6, 8, 46, 64,96 

pediculata .......... : ........... 7,8,47,64,96 

Monticuliporidre ............................ 26-27 

N. 

Nematopora.: .... . ........... _. __ .......... 68-59 

min uta--- . .... - 7, o8-o9, 64, 65, 70, 100,606,132 

New York, bryozoa in.... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . 2, 3, 6-7 

Niagara gorge, bryozoa in.................. 3 

Niag~r~~ rocks, bryozoa of ........ . ..... 2 

dlVlSIOnS of .............. --............. 5 

Nicholsonella .............................. 37-39 

florida .......... 7,8,22,33,38,39,63,64,92,116 

laminatum .. ....... :.. ................. 22 

ringuebergi.. ................... 7, 38, 39,64,92 

Nucleospira................................ 5 

0. 

Ohio, bryozoa in ......................... .. 

Ontario, bryozoa in ... · ................. 2, 3-4,6-7 

Orbignyella .. · ......... · ..................... 26-27 

expansa .................. 7, 26, 27, 46,47, 64,84-

lamellosa. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 

magnopora ..... . ................. 7, 27, 64,84-

0 rthoceras. . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . .. 21 

Osgood beds, correlation of Rochester shale 

and ..... _._._·_ .................. .. 

description of._._ ............... : ....... . 

fossils of, abundance of .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. 6-8 

Oswegan time, bryozoa of. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2 
INDEX. 137 

P Page. 

Pachydictya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 57 

crassa ............. 7, R, 54,57, 64, 65, 70,100,106 

scitula .................................. 57,64 

Paleschara ? aspera .. ........... .. .... : ..... 22,64 

maculata ..... .. ...................... ... 22, 64 

Pettit, - , bryozoa collected by............ 4 

Phamopora................................. 2, 55 

cnsiformis ........... · ....... 7, 55, 64,65, 70,126 

fimbriata ............................... 55,107 

var. canadensis .. ..... .... .. . 7, 55, 64,107 

Phylloporina ............................... 48, 49 

asperato-striata ......... 7,8,48, 64, 65, 70,100 

Phylloporinid::e ... ....... : ............... 4, 48-50 

Pisocrinus ................................. . 

Platystoma .............................. : . 22 

Polypora.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 52 

inceP.ta .................. 7, 8, 50, 52, 64, 70,102 

? problematica.......................... 50 

Pseudohornera ............... :. . . . . . . . . . . . 49-5') 

diffusa ............ 7, 9, 49, 50, 64, 65, ?0, 100, 112 

niagarensis ............ 7, 49, 64, 65, 70, 100, 102 

Ptilodictya ....... ... ....................... 55, 56 

eras sa ............... ~ ...... ... .. ...... . 57,65 

ensiform is .............................. 55, 65 

f~nestrata.............................. 9 

Ptilodi::;tyonid::e ........................... 55-57 

Ptiloporella ............. _......... .... ...... 51 

nervata .......... . ..... 7, o1, 64, 65, 70,117,124 

Ptychonema ....... _, .... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

tabulatus.............................. 46 

R. -

Retepora ... . . .. ....................... :.... 54 

a~pero-striatum .... ................. 8, 9~ 48,65 

diffusa ........................... 8, 9, 49, 50,65 

Rhabdomesontid::e... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . o8 

Rhinidictyonid::e.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 

Rhinopora .............................. 59-60, 61 

curvata .................... 7,9,59,60,65, 110 

tuberculosa . ....................... 8, 23, 59, 65 

verrucosa ...................... .. 2,59,00,112 

Rhinoporid::e .... . .......................... 59-63 

Rhombotrypa ....... ...... ·...... .. . . . . . . . . . 37 

quadrata............................... 37 

spinulifera .................. 7, 8, 37, 65, 84,121 

Rhopalonaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 11-12 

attenuata .................... 4, 7, 10,11-12,72 

Rhopalonariid::e ..................... ·.. . . . . 11-12 

Rhynchotreta .... ." .. .. . .. .. . ... , .. ......... 5 

Ringueberg, E. N. S., work of.............. 3 

Rocheste-r, N. Y., bryozoa at. ........... .. . 

Rochester shale, bryozoa in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 

collecting in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

correlation of.... . ....... .. .. .... ....... 5-8 

description oL......................... 2-3 

fossils of, abundance of. ............... 4, 6-8 

distribution oL . .. .... ........... 2-4, 6-8 

s. Sagenella .. ~ ........ ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

elegans . ............. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 65 

membranacea __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 65 

Selenopora .... :. ... .......... .... .. ..... ... 24 

Semicoscinium ............................. 51-52 

tenuiceps ................... 7, 52, 64, 65, 70,102 

Silurian rocks, bryozoa of.................. 1, 2 

!'age. 

Spatiopora ................................ 21-22 

linea.ta .............. ·...... .. . . . . . . .. .. . 21 

maculata .... .. .............. 7,22,64,65,80,82 

Spirifer .................................... . 

niagarensis ...........................•. 

Spiropora regularis ........................ 17,18 

Stephanocrinus ........................ , . . . 5 

Stictopora crassa . . . _ . ...... .. : ............. 57,,65 

dichotoma ........... .. . .............. ~ .. 54,65 

punctipora....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 65 

scitula .. .............................. 9,57,65 

similis ................... ·............... 9 

Stictoporellidre ............... ~............. 57 

Stictotrypa .............................. 9, 59, 61 

punctipora .............. 7, 8, 61, 65, 70,110,117 

Stigmatella ................................ 27-28 

globata ....... : .. ... ... ..... 7,28,47,65,70,92 

Stoma topora ............. .............. 14--16,18 

delicatula.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 

· dissimilis ................... 7, 10, 15-16,65,72 

dissimilis var. elongatq ............... .. 14,65 

e.longata .. · .... . · .. ........ 7, 10, 14-15, 16, 65,72 

parvq ............. : ...... ...... . .. . ... 9,14,65 

recta ............................... 9, 15, 16,65 

Subretepora.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

aspero-striata ......... , .... : . ............ 48, 65 

dichotoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 65 

T. 

T::eniodictya............................... o7 

schucherti. ................. . .. 7, o7' 65, 70, 128 

Tectulipora . ............................... 52 

"Thamniscus ............................. 9, 53-54 

dichotomus ....... 7, 8, 17, 54, 64, 65, 70,100, 1:1!6 

niagarensis .............. · ............. 9, 49, 65 

T hamnocella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 

Trematopora .......................... 8, 9, 43-46 

asp era ............................... 8, 58, 65 

coalescens ..... .................. 8, 9, 24, 25, 65 

granulifera ........ , .................. 8, 28,65 

minuta ................... . .. ............ _58, 65 

ostiolata ......................... 8, 9, 24, 25,65 

punctata . ............................. 8, 40, 65 

sol ida ............................... · 8, 9, 30, 65 

sparsa .............................. 8,9,17,65 

spiculata ...... .......... 7, 8, 4-o-46, 65, 70, 126 

spinulosa .......................... 8, 29, 45,65 

striata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 32, 65 

tuberculosa................. . ........... 7, 8, 

9, 30, 43-H, 45, 65, 70, 90, 98,120 

whitfieldi ................. 7, 44-45,65,112,126 

Trematoporid::e ....... · .. ." ................. 43-48 

Trepostomata ........................... 2, 26-48 

v. 

Vinella ................................. 12-13,15 

? multiradiata .............. 7, Hl, 11, 13, 65,72 

radiciformis .............. 7, 10, 11, 12, 63, 65, 72 

Vinellid::e .................................. 12-13 

w. 

Waldron shale, correlation of Rochester 

shale and ...... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

fossils of, abundance of ............ .. .". 6-8 

Wenlock shales,"bryozoa of................ 4, 8 

CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL 

SURVEY . 

. [Bulletin No. 292.] 

The serja1 publications of the United State~Geol gical Survby consist o~ (1) Annual 

Reports, (2) Monographs,· (3) Professional Papers, (4) ~ulletins, (5) Mineral 

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Bull. 29:?-06-10 
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B 142. Brlef contribution to the geol9gy and paleontology of northwestern Louisiana, by '1'. W. 

Vaughan. 1896. 65 pp., 4 pls. 

B 145. Potomac formation in Virginia, by W. M. Fontaine. 1896. 149 pp., 2 pis. 

B 151. Lower Cretaceous gryphreas of the Texas region, by R. T. Hill and T. W. Vaughan. 1898. 139 

pp., 35 pis. · · 

B 152. Catalogue of Cretaceous and Tertiary plants of North America, by F. H. Knowlton. _1898. 

247 pp. 0 • 

B 153. -Bibliographic index of North American Carboniferous invertebrates, by Stuart Weller. 1898. 

653 pp. 

- B 163. Flora of the Montana formation, by F. H. Knowlton. 1900. 118 pp., 19 pis. 

B 173. Synopsis of American fossil Bryozoa, including bibliography and synonymy, by J. M. Nickles 

and R. S. Bassler. 1900. 663 pp. 
SERIES LIST. III 

; 

B 179. Bibliography and catalogue of fossil Vertebrata of North America, pY 0. P. Hay. 1902. 868 pp. 

B 191. North American geologic formation names: Bibliography , synonymy, and distrib_ution, by F . B. 

Weeks. 190:.t. 448 pp. I · B 195. Structural details in the Green Mountain region and in eastern New York (second paper) by 

T. Nelson .Dale. 1902. 22 pp., 4 pis. 

B 204. Fossil flora of the John Day basin, Oregon, by F. H. Knowlton. 19p2. 153 pp., 17 pls. 

B 205. The Mollusca of the Buda limestone, by G. B. Shattuck, with an pendix on the corals of the 

Buda limestone, by T. W. Vaughan. 1903. 94 pp., 27 pis. ~ 

B 206. A study of the fauna of the Hamilton formation of the Cay)lga IJake section in central New 

York, by H. F. Cleland. 1903. 112 pp., 5 pis. 

B 210. The correlation of geological faunas; a contribution to Devonian paleontology , by H. S. 

Williams. 1903. 147 pp., 1 pl. 1 

B 211 . Stratigraphy ll,nd paleontology of the Up. per Carboniferous r. ocks oflthe Kansas section, by G. I. 

Adams, G. H. Girty, and David White. 1903. 123 pp., 4 pls. 

PP16. Carboniferous formations and faunas of Colorado, by G. H. Girty. 1903. 546 pp., 10 pls. 

PP 19. Contributions to the geology of Washington, by G. 0 . Smith and Bf iley Willis. 1903. · 101 pp., 

20 pis. 

PP 21. The geology and ore deposits of the Bisbee quadrangle, Arizona, b1 F. L. Ransome. 1904. 168 

pp., 29 pls. . · 

PP 24. Zinc and lead deposits of northern Arkansas, by G. I. Adams, assisted by A. H. Purdue and 

E. F. Burchard, with a section on the determination and correlatJon of formations, by E. 0. 

Ulrich . • 1904. · ll!l pp., 27 pis. 

PP31. Preliminary report on the geology of' the Arbuckle and Wichita mountains in Indian Territory and Oklahoma, by J. A. Taff, with an appendix on the rE1 ported ore deposits in the 

Wichita Mountains, by H. F . Bain. 1904. 97 pp., 8 pls. 

PP 32. Preliminary report on the geolqgy and underground water resources of the central Great 

Plains, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 433 pp., 72 pls. 

B 244. Contributions to Devo:Jian paleontology, 1903, by H. S. Williams and E. M. Kindle. 1905 

137 pp., 4 pis. · 

PP35. The geology of the Perry basin in southeastern Mai:r;~e, by G. 0. Smith and David White. 1905. 

107 pp., 6 pls. 

PP36. The lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits of western Kentucky, by E. O.I Ulrich and W. S. T. Smith. 

1905. 218 pp., 15 pls. 

B. 257. Geology a.nd paleontology of the Judith River beds, by T. W. Stant · n and J. B. Hatcher, with 

a chapter on the fossil plants, by F. H. Knowlton. 1905. 174 pp., 19 pis. 

B 266. Paleontology of the Malone Jurassic formation of Texas, by F. W . (cragin, with stratigraphic 

notes on Malone Mountain and the surrounding region near Sierra Blanca, Texas, by T. W. 

Stanton. 1905. 172 pp., 29 pis. I PP 40. The Triassic cephalopod genera of America, by Alpheus Hyatt and J

1

. P. Smith. 1905. 394 pp., 

85 pls. 

B 268. Miocene foraminifera from the Monterey shale of California, with a few species from the Tejon 

formati'on, by R. M. Bagg, jr. 1905. 78 pp., 11 pls. 

PP 47. The Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California, by Ra lph Arno d. 1906. 264 pp., 53 pis. 

PP 51. Geology of the Bighorn Mountains. by N.H. Darton. 1906. ·129 pp., 47 pls. 

· B 292. The Bryo_zoan fauna of the Rochester shale, by R. S. Bassler. 1906 .. , 137 pp., 31 pls. 

Correspondence should be addressed to 

THE DIRECTOR, 

UNITED STATES GEOLO !CAL SURVEY, 

SEPTEMBER, i906. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

0 

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