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Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial, Cambridge, England

unfortunately had all too often been
found to be poorly designed, poorly
constructed and ‘lacking provision
for maintenance) was expressly for-
bidden by the military services. The
permanent graphic record takes the
‘orm of military maps, usually large
murals, amplified by descriptive
texts in English as well as in the lan-
guage of the country in which the
cemetery is located. The historical
data for these maps were prepared
by the American Battle Monuments
Commission. The maps themselves
were rendered by experienced art-
ists in tasteful presentation using
various media: layered marbles,
fresco, bronze relief, mosaic con-
crete or ceramics. Another feature of
interest at each memorial is the two
sets of “key-maps’: “The War
Against Germany” and “The War
Against Japan.” Each set consists of
three maps, each covering about
one-third of the period of our par-
ticipation in the war. By these key-

26

maps any major battle may be re-
lated to the others in time and space.

With each architect, an American
landscape architect, an American
sculptor and an American muralist
or painter usually collaborated.
Their combined talents produced
the beauty and dignity of the memo-
rials, all of which are dedicated to
the memory of the achievements of
those who served and of the sacri-
fices of those who died. The con-
struction of the cemeteries and me-
morials and the execution of most of
the works of art, were performed by
local contractors and artists under the
supervision of the Commission.

Ateach cemetery there is a visitors’
building or room, with comfortable
furnishings. Here visitors may learn
the ave locations (or inscriptions of
the Missing) at any of the overseas
cemeteries.

Each grave in the overseas ceme-
teries is marked by a headstone of
white marble — a Star of David for

Brittany American Cemetery, St. James, Manche, France

those of Jewish faith, a Latin cross
for others. Each headstone bears the
deceased’s name, rank, service, or-
ganization, date of death and state
or territory from which he entered
the military service.

In the World War I cemeteries,
headstones of the Unknowns, i.e.,
those remains which could not be
identified, bear the inscription:

HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN
AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO
GOD.

In the World War II cemeteries, the
inscription reads:

HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY A COM-
RADE IN ARMS KNOWN BUT TO GOD.

Tablets of the Missing (which also
include the names of those whose
remains could not be identified and
those lost or buried at sea) give name,
rank, organization and state; the cir-
cumstances under which death
occurred often precluded the possibil-
ity of determining the exact date.

These cemeteries are open every
day of the year. Photography is
permitted without special authori-
zation, except when it is to be used
for commercial purposes — in such
cases, permission must be obtained
from the Commission.

Unlike National cemeteries under
jurisdiction of the Department of Vet-
erans’ Affairs, there can be no fur-
ther burials in the American military
cemeteries overseas except of those
remains which may, in the future, be
found on the battlefields. Essentially,
these graves with their memoriale
constitute inviolable shrines.

In addition to the eight World War I
cemeteries, the fourteen World War II
cemeteries, eleven World War I
monuments and two tablets, and
the two World War II markers (Casa-
blanca, Morocco and Papua, New
Guinea), the American Battle Monu-
ments Commission’s program of
commemoration includes the follow-

ing:

27


despite severe rainstorms and cold
weather.

The progress of the two U.S. ar-
mies was halted temporarily by the
enemy’s final major counter-
offensive of the war, which began in
the Ardennes Forest on 16 December
1944. Officially designated the
Ardennes-Alsace Campaign, it
became known as the “Battle of the
Bulge.” The U.S. Third Army
moved quickly northward to counter
this threat, as the U.S. Seventh
Army and the French First Army to
its south extended their lines north-
ward to cover more front. The
second phase of the enemy’s final
counteroffensive was launched on
New Year's eve against the U.S.
Seventh Army and the French First
Army. The assault began as a drive
for the Saverne Gap followed by an
attack across the Rhine toward
Strasbourg. After furious fighting on
all fronts in bitterly cold weather, the
last major enemy offensive was
halted and the U.S. Third and
Seventh Armies resumed their
assault on the Siegfried Line. The
line was soon broken and all enemy
units were cleared from the west
bank of the Rhine. In March 1945,
the two U.S. armies crossed the
Rhine River and began their drive
into Germany.

SITE

The cemetery site covers 1132 acres
of rolling landscape on the west edge
of the Saar mining region. Im-
mediately to the north and east are
natural stands of oak, pine and other
trees; these have been extended by a
planted enframement around the
northeast and south sides.

A temporary American military
cemetery was established on 16
March 1945 about one-half mile to
the south of the present cemetery.
The surrounding area was liberated
by troops of the 80th Infantry Divi-

8

sion on 27 November 1944. When
the permanent cemetery was built,
the present site was chosen because
of its superior location, prospects
and aspect. It is the largest American
military cemetery of World War II in
Europe. Buried here are 10,489 of
our military Dead, representing 41
percent of the burials which were
originally made in this region. Most
of those interred here gave their lives
during the advance to the Rhine and
the advance across Germany in the
spring of 1945. Construction of the
cemetery and memorial was com-
pleted in 1960.

ARCHITECTS

The architects for the cemetery and
memorial were Murphy and Locraft
of Washington, D.C.; the landscape
architect was Allyn R. Jennings of
Oley, Pennsylvania.

GENERAL LAYOUT

The Lorraine American Cemetery is
entered from Highway N-33 at the
west end of the cemetery. From the
main entrance, a linden-lined
avenue leads past the service and
utilities area on the left and rises
gently to the right toward the
Visitors’ Building and parking area.
A short distance southeast of the
Visitors’ Building, at the crest of the
hill, is the memorial flanked by Walls
of the Missing on either side. A flag-
staff from which the American flag
flies daily, stands in front of each wall.
A broad flight of steps lined with
yew hedges descends from the east
front of the memorial to the graves
area. A dual path enclosing a grassy
mall leads one-third of the way
through the graves area where it
separates to encircle a wide oval
grave plot. Beyond the oval plot, the
paths continue and the ground rises
to a knoll on which an overlook
affords a prospect of the entire ceme-
tery as well as of the countryside for
miles to the west.

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IN WESTERN

Military Operations in Western Europe


34

HERE RESTS IN

COMRADE IN ARMS
KNOWN BUT TO GOD

Decorated Gravesite of a World War II “Unknown”

HONORED GLORY

THE AMERICAN
BATTLE MONUMENTS
COMMISSION

ESTABLISHED BY CONGRESS MARCH 1923

UNITED STATES OFFICE

American Battle Monuments Commission
Court House Plaza II

Suite 500

2300 Clarendon Boulevard

Arlington, VA 22201

Telephone: (703) 696-6897

(703) 696-6896

FAX: (703) 696-6666

EUROPEAN OFFICE

Street Address:

68, rue du 19 Janvier

92380 - Garches, France

Mailing Address:

American Battle Monuments Commission
American Embassy - Paris

PSC 116

APO AE 09777

Telephone: (011-33) 1-4701-1976 (from U.S.)
33-0-1-4701-1976 (within France)

(00-33) 1-4701-1976 (from other

European Countries)

MEDITERRANEAN OFFICE

Street Address:

Via Cavour, 275

00184 Rome, Italy

Mailing Address:

American Battle Monuments Commission

American Embassy

PSC 59, Box 11

APO AE 09624

Telephone: (011-39) 06-4824-157
06-4890-3685 (from U.S.)
06-4824-157 (within Italy)

FAX: (011-39) 6-487-1624

PHILIPPINE OFFICE

Street Address:

Manila American Cemetery

and Memorial

Fort Bonifacio, Makati City

Republic of the Philippines

Mailing Address:

Manila American Cemetery

PSC 513, Box 5

FPO AP 96515-1800

Telephone: (011-632) 844-0212 (from U.S.)
844-0212 (from Metro-Manila)

FAX: (011-632) 812-4717

35


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View of the Overlook

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Key Maps and Inscription

ON 6 JUNE 1944, PRECEDED BY AIRBORNE
UNITS AND COVERED BY NAVAL AND
AIR BOMBARDMENT, UNITED STATES
AND BRITISH COMMONWEALTH
FORCES LANDED ON THE COAST OF
NORMANDY. PUSHING SOUTHWARD
THEY ESTABLISHED A BEACHHEAD
SOME 20 MILES IN DEPTH. ON 25 JULY, IN
THE WAKE OF A PARALYZING AIR BOM-
BARDMENT, THE U.S. FIRST ARMY
BROKE OUT OF THE BEACHHEAD WEST
OF ST. LO AND WAS JOINED ON 1
AUGUST BY THE U.S. THIRD ARMY. TO-
GETHER THEY REPULSED A POWERFUL
COUNTERATTACK TOWARDS AV-
RANCHES. CRUSHED BETWEEN THE
AMERICANS ON THE SOUTH AND WEST
AND THE BRITISH ON THE NORTH, AND
ATTACKED CONTINUOUSLY BY THE U.S.
EIGHTH AND NINTH AIR FORCES AND
THE ROYAL AIR FORCE, THE ENEMY
RETREATED ACROSS THE SEINE.

THE ALLIED GROUND AND AIR
FORCES PURSUED VIGOROUSLY, SUS-
TAINED BY THE HERCULEAN ACHIEVE-
MENTS OF ARMY AND NAVY SUPPLY
PERSONNEL. BY MID-SEPTEMBER

BRITISH AND CANADIAN TROOPS HAD
ENTERED THE NETHERLANDS; THE U.S.
FIRST ARMY HAD REACHED THE GER-
MAN BORDER; THE U.S. NINTH ARMY
HAD FREED BREST; AND THE THIRD
ARMY HAD REACHED THE MOSELLE IN
FIRM CONTACT WITH THE U.S. SEVENTH
AND FRENCH FIRST ARMIES ADVANC-
ING NORTHWARD SINCE 15 AUGUST
FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN. THE
OPENING OF THE PORT OF ANTWERP ON
28 NOVEMBER MATERIALLY EASED THE
LOGISTICAL BURDEN. METZ FELL ON 22
NOVEMBER AS THE THIRD ARMY MOVED
INTO THE SAAR. ON ITS RIGHT, THE
SEVENTH ARMY, AIDED BY THE FIRST
TACTICAL AIR FORCE, DROVE TO THE
RHINE AT STRASBOURG, WHILE FRENCH
FORCES FREED MULHOUSE.

THE ENEMY LAUNCHED HIS FINAL
MAJOR COUNTEROFFENSIVE ON 16
DECEMBER IN THE ARDENNES. PROMPT
TACTICAL COUNTERMEASURES AND
THE SUPERB FIGHTING OF AMERICAN
SOLDIERS.AND AIRMEN BROUGHT THIS
EFFORT TO NAUGHT. A CONCURRENT
OFFENSIVE LAUNCHED BETWEEN

13


THE MEMORIAL

The memorial, which consists of a
tall rectangular tower and the Walls
of the Missing extending to the north
and south thereof, is normally ap-
proached from the rear (west) side.
This tower, 67 feet high, is of Euville
limestone from the region of Com-
mercy near the Meuse River some 70
miles to the southwest; its walls are
carved with bold vertical flutings.
The dark stone of its base is Belgian
“petit granit.” On the west facade is
a sculptured roundel bearing the
obverse of the Great Seal of the
United States; high on the tower are
three superimposed angels of
Victory each bearing a laurel wreath,
designed by Walker Hancock of
Gloucester, Massachusetts.

The entrance to the memorial
building is at its east side through tall
bronze doors. Above these doors,
carved in Euville stone, is a tall (26
feet) figure of St. Avold extending
his blessing upon those who rest
here or who are commemorated on
the Walls of the Missing. ‘St. Av-
old” is another spelling of “St.
Nabor,” a Roman Christian soldier
who was martyred about A.D. 303in
the reign of the Emperor Maximian;
above his head is an Archangel with
trumpet.

INTERIOR

On the far (west) wall opposite the
door are five sculptured figures
lighted from the north by a tall
window. This group represents the
eternal struggle for freedom, typi-
fied by the youthful figure in the
center; flanking him are typical reli-
gious and military heros who,
throughout history, have taken part
in this struggle — King David,
Emperor Constantine, King Arthur,
George Washington. The sculptor of
these figures and of the exterior
figure of St. Avold was Michael
Lantz of New Rochelle, New York;

10

all of the sculpture was carved by
Jean Juge of Paris.

Beneath the five figures is in-
scribed:

OUR FELLOW COUNTRYMEN — ENDUR-
ING ALL AND GIVING ALL THAT MAN-
KIND MIGHT LIVE IN FREEDOM AND IN
PEACE. THEY JOIN THAT GLORIOUS
BAND OF HEROES WHO HAVE GONE BE-
FORE.

The wall bearing the sculptured
figures which form the background
of the chapel is of Massangis lime-
stone from the Cote d’Or region of
France; beneath the figures is the
altar of French green Antique
Patricia marble upon which is in-
scribed this text from St. John X, 28:

1 GIVE UNTO THEM ETERNAL LIFE AND
THEY SHALL NEVER PERISH.

The stone pews are of Euville lime-
stone.

The east, west and north interior
walls are of French yellow Sala-
mandre travertine limestone from
west-central France; the base course
is of Ruoms, a compact limestone
from south-central France. The
memorial floor is of Buxy, a French
compact limestone from Burgundy,
with green Antique Patricia marble
inlays.

On the left (south) wall is a large
map in colored glazed ceramic
portraying military operations in
western Europe from the landings in
Normandy until the end of hos-
tilities. A smaller map inserted in its
lower right-hand corner: “FROM THE
MOSELLE TO THE RHINE” records the
fighting in the region of St. Avold.

The maps were designed by Pierre
Bourdelle of Oyster Bay, New York
and Georgette Pierre of Paris from
data furnished by the American Bat-
tle Monuments Commission; they
were fabricated by Miss Pierre. Ac-
companying these maps are inscrip-
tions in both French and English, of
which this is the English text:

pep —
a

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Ht
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Graves Area with Memorial and Walls of the Missing

11


2005

Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial, Seine, France


16

View of Graves Area

honey locust (Gleditschia triacanthos),
white and red flowering hawthorns
(Crataegus oxyacantha) and the
pagoda tree (Sophora japonica).
Flowering shrubs have been
grouped in the open grass areas and
include hibiscus, philadelphus,
hydrangea, lilac and buddleia.

At the far (east) end of the central
mall is the knoll and overlook,
backed by a group of trees with
shrub underplantings in which pre-
dominate the dwarf horse-chestnut
(Aesculus parviflora), snowball hyd-
rangea (Hydrangea arborea), Coton-
easter horizontalis and St. Johnswort
(Hypericum prolificum).

Inscribed Pylon at Overlook

VISITORS’ BUILDING

The Visitors’ Building and parking
area are situated at the end of the
entrance drive, just southwest of the
Memorial. It contains the super-
intendent’s office and a comfortably
furnished room where visitors may
rest, obtain information, sign the
Tepisiet and pause to refresh them-
selves. A staff member is on duty to
provide information on specific loca-
tions in any of the Commission’s
cemeteries, accommodations in the
vicinity, best means and routes of
travel, local history and other items
that may be of interest.

17


Lorraine American Cemetery
and Memorial

The American Battle Monuments Commission


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cemetery memorials at these burial
sites; controlling as to design and
materials, providing regulations for
and supervising erection of all mon-
uments, memorials, buildings and
other structures in permanent
United States cemetery memorials
on foreign soil; and controlling the
design of U.S. private monuments

22

and cooperating with American citi-
zens, states, municipalities, or asso-
ciations desiring to erect war memo-
rials outside the continental limits of
the United States. It is not responsi-
ble for construction, maintenance or
operation of cemeteries in the con-
tinental United States or its terri-
tories and possessions.

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After World War I, the American
Battle Monuments Commission
erected a memorial chapel in each of
the eight military cemeteries over-
seas already established by the War
Department, as well as twelve
monuments and two bronze tablets

on the battlefields and elsewhere, to
record the achievements of our

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Armed Forces. In 1934, the World
War I overseas cemeteries were
transferred to the Commission by Ex-
ecutive Order.

The names and locations of these
World War I cemetery memorials,
the number of burials and the
number of missing recorded at their
memorials are:

23


Wintery Scene of the Graves Area

St. Mihiel American Cemetery, Thiaucourt, France

AMERICAN MEMORIALS
and
OVERSEAS MILITARY
CEMETERIES

The AMERICAN BaTTLE MONUMENTS
ComMISSION was created by act of
Congress in March 1923 to erect and
maintain memorials in the United
States and foreign countries where
the United States Armed Forces have
served since 6 April 1917, and to con-
trol as to design and provide regula-
tions for the erection of monuments,

markers and memorials in foreign
countries by other United States citi-
zens and organizations, public or
pavae It was later given responsi-

ility for establishing or taking over
from the Armed Forces permanent
burial grounds in foreign countries
and designing, constructing, operat-
ing and maintaining permanent

21


East Facade of Memorial and Wall of the Missing

SAARBRUCKEN AND COLMAR MET THE
SAME FATE. DURING FEBRUARY AND
MARCH THE WEST BANK OF THE RHINE
WAS CLEARED IN A SERIES OF SWIFT
MANEUVERS. THEREUPON, IN RAPID
SUCCESSION, AMERICAN FORCES
SEIZED A BRIDGE AT REMAGEN,
CROSSED THE RHINE AT OPPENHEIM,
THEN STAGED WITH THE BRITISH,
NORTH OF THE RUHR, THEIR MAJOR
ASSAULT. SWEEPING ACROSS GER-
MANY, THE ALLIES MET THE ADVANC-
ING TROOPS OF THE U.S.S.R ON THE
ELBE TO FORCE THE COMPLETE SUR-
RENDER OF THE ENEMY ON 8 MAY 1945,
337 DAYS AFTER THE INITIAL LANDINGS
IN FRANCE.

High on the wall above the maps,
as well as on the opposite (north)
wall, are the flags of these compo-
nents of our military services: Air
Corps, Armor, Cavalry, Christian
Chaplain, Jewish Chaplain, Chemi-
cal Warfare Service, Coast Artillery
Corps, Corps of Engineers, Field Ar-
tillery, Infantry, Medical Depart-

4

ment, Military Police Corps, Navy
Infantry Battalion, Ordnance
Department, Quartermaster Corps,
Signal Corps and Transportation
Corps.

Above the doorway is a stand of
two United States and two French
national flags flanking a 13-star
Betsy Ross flag.

On the north wall are six color
photographs of maps showing
progress in global war in two
hemispheres from 1941 - 1945.

Above these photographs is the
inscription taken from General
Dwight D. Eisenhower's dedication
of the Golden Book in St. Paul’s
Cathederal in London:

HERE WE AND ALL WHO SHALL HERE-
AFTER LIVE IN FREEDOM WILL BE RE-
MINDED THAT TO THESE MEN AND
THEIR COMRADES WE OWE A DEBT TO BE
PAID, WITH GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE
OF THEIR SACRIFICE AND WITH THE
HIGH RESOLVE THAT THE CAUSE FOR
WHICH THEY DIED SHALL LIVE.

SD ANAM

a

Flanking the door, to the right, is
the dedicatory inscription:

IN PROUD REMEMBRANCE OF THE
ACHIEVEMENTS OF HER SONS AND IN
HUMBLE TRIBUTE TO THEIR SACRIFICES
THIS MEMORIAL HAS BEEN ERECTED BY
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

A French translation thereof appears
to the left of the door.

THE WALLS OF THE MISSING

Extending to the north and south of
the tower and facing the graves area
are the Walls of the Missing upon
which are inscribed the name, rank,
organization and State of 444 men of
the United States Army and Army
Air Forces.* These gave their lives in
the service of their country, but their
remains have not been recovered or
identified. Their names include men
from 43 different States. At the end
of the walls is this inscription as well
as a French translation:

HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF
AMERICANS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN
THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY AND
WHO SLEEP IN UNKNOWN GRAVES.

THE GRAVES AREA

The graves area is reached by a broad
flight of steps from the front of the
Memorial. It consists of nine plots
laid out about the axis ina symmetri-
cal pattern, divided by gracefully
curved paths. The headstones are
set in straight lines in each of the
plots.

These 10,489 Dead who gave their
lives in our country’s service came
from every State in the Union, and
the District of Columbia, as well as
from Puerto Rico, Panama, Canada,
the United Kingdom and Mexico.

One hundred and fifty-one of the
headstones mark the graves of

*It will be recalled that during World War II
the Air Forces still formed part of the United
States Army.

“Unknowns.” Among the head-
stones are 28 instances in which two
brothers lie side by side. Among the
headstones, also, is one which
marks the burial of three men whose
names are known and who were
buried together; a bronze tablet cov-
ers the grave and records their
names. There are four Medal of
Honor recipients whose headstones
are inscribed in goldleaf.

These inscriptions are engraved
upon the Euville stone pylons at the
overlook:

Nor TH PyLon:

TO THESE WE OWE THE HIGH RESOLVE
THAT THE CAUSE FOR WHICH THEY
DIED SHALL LIVE.

THROUGH THE GRAVE AND GATE OF
DEATH MAY THEY PASS TO THEIR JOY-
FUL RESURRECTION.

PLANTINGS

The whole cemetery is enclosed
within a plantation of Scotch pine
interspersed with groups of beech,
oak and maple. Color has been
introduced not only by the flowering
shrubs already mentioned but also
by means of long borders of pink
polyantha roses, both on the memo-
rial terrace and flanking the central
mall. North and south of the Memo-
rial, large masses of Rosa rugosa and
Cotoneaster horizontalis link the ter-
race with the burial area, while
further groups of Rosa rugosa in asso-
ciation with scarlet roses provide
additional color at the intersection of
the paths, north and south of the
burial area.

Flanking the Memorial Tower on
each side are massive hedges of
European beech (Fagus sylvatica)
backed by lindens (Tilia vulgaris).

In the graves area are informal
groups of trees consisting princi-
pally of English oak (Quercus robur),

15


Sculpture of St. Avold

East Facade of Memorial

Gap in the Vosges Mountains. Send-
ing the French 2d Armored Division
to liberate Strasbourg on the Rhine
River, the U.S. Seventh Army turned
northward advancing along the west
bank of the Rhine against the de-
fenses of the Siegfried Line, simul-

taneously aiding the U.S. Third
Army’s operations to the north.
Throughout these operations, the
U.S. Ninth Air Force and the U.S.
First Tactical Air Force rendered vital
air support to the U.S. Third and
Seventh Armies, respectively,

7.


SURESNES

At the Suresnes Cemetery Memorial,
senior representatives of the French
and United States governments pay
homage to our military Dead on
ceremonial occasions. Accordingly, 24
Unknown Dead of World War Il were
buried in this World War I cemetery,
and two loggias were added to its
chapel by the Commission, thereby
converting it into a shrine commemo-
rating our Dead of both wars.

EAST COAST MEMORIAL

To commemorate those 4,609 Ameri-
can servicemen, 6,185 seamen of the
United States Merchant Marines and
the 529 seamen of the U.S. Army
Transport Service who, in or above
the waters off the coast of North and
South America, but outside the terri-
torial limits of the United States, gave
their lives in the service of their coun-
try, the Commission erected a memo-
rial in Battery Park, New York City,
upon which their names and particu-
lars are inscribed.

WEST COAST MEMORIAL

Similarly, the names and particulars
of those 412 Americans who gave
their lives in the service of their coun-
try off the west coast of the Americas
but outside the territorial limits of
the United States, are recorded at the
memorial erected by the Commis-
sion at the Presidio of San Francisco.

HONOLULU MEMORIAL

Although the National Memorial
Cemetery of the Pacific at Honolulu
is administered by the Department
of Veterans’ Affairs, the American
Battle Monuments Commission con-
structed a memorial therein, incor-
porating the features of the memo-
tials in its overseas cemeteries. The
names of 18,096 Missing of World
War II who gave their lives in the
Pacific areas (except the Southwest
and the Palua Islands which are
commemorated at the Manila Ceme-

28

tery Memorial) are recorded here as
well as 8,200 Missing of the Korean
War and 2,504 Missing from the
Vietnam War.

SAIPAN MONUMENT is situated
near the beach overlooking Tanapag
Harbor on the Island of Saipan,
Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands. It is part of an
American memorial park commem-
orating the American and Marianas
Dead in the Marianas Campaign of
World War II. The monument honors
specifically the 24,000 American
marines and soldiers who died re-
capturing the volcanic islands of Sai-
pan, Tinian and Guam during the
pated of 15 June 1944-11 August
944.

It is a twelve-foot rectangular obe-
lisk of rose granite in a landscaped
area of local Hora. Inscribed upon the
monument are these words: “THIS
MEMORIAL HAS BEEN ERECTED BY THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN HUMBLE
TRIBUTE TO THE SONS WHO PAID THE
ULTIMATE SACRIFICE FOR LIBERATION
OF THE MARIANAS 1941-1945,”

The GUADALCANAL AMERI-
CAN MEMORIAL is located on
Skyline Drive overlooking the town
of Honiara, Guadalcanal, Solomon
Islands. It honors those American
and Allied servicemen who lost their
lives during the Guadalcanal Cam-
Pai of World War II (7 August
942-9 February 1943). The Memo-
tial consists of a suitably inscribed
central pylon four feet square rising
24 feet above its base. Four radiating
directional walls point toward major
battle sites. Descriptions of the battles
are inscribed on the walls. Both the
walls and the pylon are constructed
of Red Calca granite.

CABANATUAN MEMORIAL is lo-
cated 85 miles north of Manila, approxi-
mately 5 miles south of the city of
Cabanatuan, Luzon, Republic of the
Philippines. It marks the site of the

Honolulu Memorial (WW II, Korea and Vietnam), National Memorial Cemetary of the Pacific,
Honolulu, Hawaii

Japanese Cabanatuan Prisoner of War
Camp where approximately 20,000
American servicemen and civilians
were held captive from 1942 to 1945,
after the fall of the Philippine Islands
during World War II. the memorial
also honors the heroic sacrifices made
by Filipino servicemen and civilians
in a mutual quest for honor, freedom
and peace.

The memorial consists of a 90-foot
concrete base in the center of which
rests a marble altar, It is surrounded
on three sides by a fence of steel rods
and on the fourth by a Wall of Honor
upon which are inscribed the names
of the approdimately 3,000 Ameri-
cans who lost their lives while being
held captive.

Co-located on the site are the West
Point Monument, which pays hom-
age to the 170 American and 6 Fili-
pino graduates of the U.S. Military
Academy who lost their lives during
the defense of the Philippines or
while prisoner of war at Cabanatuan
and the Defenders of Bataan and Cor-
regidor (a Filipino veterans organiza-
tion) memorial which salutes their
American fallen comrades.

POINTE DU HOC MONUMENT

Following World War II, the French
erected a monument at Pointe du
Hoc on the right flank of Omaha
Beach, overlooking the English
Channel honoring the elements of
the 2nd Ranger Battalion under the
command of LTC James Rudder who
scaled the cliff, seized the position,
and defended it against German
counterattacks at a high cost of lives.
The monument consists of a simple
pylon on top of a concrete bunker at
the edge of the cliff and appropriate
inscriptions at its base in French and
English. It was officially turned over
to the American government for
operation and maintenance in per-
petuity on 11 January 1979.

UTAH BEACH MONUMENT

The Utah Beach Monument is located
at the termination of Highway
N-13D, approximately 3 kilometers
northeast of Sainte-Marie-du-Mont
(Manche), France. This monument
commemorates the achivements of
the American Forces of the VII Corps
who fought in the liberation of the

29


memorial area and one along the
east. The south wall contains two
battle maps with appropriate inscrip-
tions. Inscribed upon the reverse face
of the east wall is Gen, Pershing’s
tribute to the officers and men of the
AEF: “IN THEIR DEVOTION, THEIR
VALOR, AND IN THE LOYAL FULFILL-
MENT OF THEIR OBLIGATIONS, THE
OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE AMERICAN
EXPEDITIONARY FORCES HAVE LEFT A
HERITAGE OF WHICH THOSE WHO FOL-
LOW MAY EVER BE PROUD.”

The WORLD WAR II MEMORIAL,
rominently located on the
ational Mall in Washington,

DC between the Lincoln

Memorial and the Washington

Monument, honors a nation

united in a just and common

cause.

It is the first memorial dedicated

to the more than 400,000

Americans who gave their lives

for freedom, the 16 million who

served in uniform, and all who
contributed to the war effort on
the home front.

Symboloic of the defining event

of the 20th century, the memorial

is a testiment to the spirit, sacri-
fice and commitment of the

American people.

To learn more, visit our website

at www.abmc.gov

KOREAN WAR

VETERANS MEMORIAL

The Korean War Veterans Memorial,
located on the National Mall in
Washington, DC, was dedicated on
27 July 1995. The Memorial com-
memorates the sacrifices of the 5.8
million Americans who served dur-
ing the three-year period of the
Korean War. The war was one of the
most hard fought in our history.
During its relatively short duration,
25 June 1950-27 July 1953, 33,700

32

Americans were killed in action;
8,200 of those killed in action were
classified as missing in action (and
presumed dead), or lost or buried at
sea. An additional 103,000 Ameri-
cans were wounded during the con-
flict. An integral part of the
Memorial is the Korean War Honor
Roll, an interactive automated data-
base, containing the names of those
US. military personnel who died
world-wide during the war.

MEXICO CITY

NATIONAL CEMETERY

The Mexico City National Cemetery
is at 31 Virginia Fabregas, Colonia
San Rafael, about 2 miles west of the
Metropolitan Cathedral and about
one mile north of the U.S. Embassy.
This cemetery was established in
1851 and contains a small monument
over the grave of 750 of our unidenti-
fied Dead of the War of 1847. In this
one acre area there are 813 remains of
Americans and others in wall crypts.
Care of the cemetery was transferred
from the Department of the Army to
this Commission on 16 July 1947.
This cemetery was closed to burials
in 1923,

COROZAL AMERICAN
CEMETERY, COROZAL,
REPUBLIC OF PANAMA
The Corozal American Cemetery is
located approximately three miles
north of Panama City, just off Gail-
lard Highway between the Corozal
Railroad Station and Fort Clayton. To
reach the cemetery, follow Gaillard
Highway north from Panama City,
turn right on Rybicki Road, and pro-
ceed about one-half mile to the ceme-
tery. Taxi and bus service to the cem-
etery are available from Panama City.
There are 5,320 identified “Known”
Dead interred here. In agreement
with the Republic of Panama, care
and maintenance of the cemetery in
erpetuity was assumed by the
Pommission on 1 October 1979.

SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC

Upon request, and without cost, the
following information and services
are provided to family members
and friends of those interred or com-
memorated at ABMC’s cemeteries
and memorials:

* name, location and general infor-
mation about the cemetery, monu-
ment or memorial;

¢ plot, row and grave number and, if
applicable, memorialization site;

authorization for issuance of fee-
free passports for members of the
immediate family traveling over-
seas specifically to visit an ABMC
grave or memorialization site;

°a photograph of grave and/or
memorialization sites affixed to a
large color lithograph of the ap-

ropriate cemetery and memorial;

* best route and modes of travel in-
country to cemetery or memorial
site;

* general information about accom-
modations in the vicinity of the
cemetery or memorial;

* arrangement for floral decoration
of a grave or memorialization
site. (Weather permitting, a color
polaroid photograph of the floral
decoration in place is provided to
the donor).

Corozal American Cemetery, Corozal, Republic of Panama

33


Aerial View of Cemetery

LORRAINE AMERICAN CEMETERY

Location of Cemetery Features

HISTORY

The U.S. Third Army resumed its
pursuit of the enemy across France
early in September 1944, after a brief
halt because of a shortage of fuel.
Except at Metz, where extremely
heavy fortifications and resistance
were encountered, the U.S. Third
Army advanced rapidly and crossed
the Moselle River. By late September,
Nancy was liberated and a juncture
with the U.S. Seventh Army, which
was advancing northward from the
beaches of southern France, was
made near Epinal. Upon the joining
of these two Armies, a solid Allied
front was established extending to
the Swiss border.

Throughout October, the two
Armies pushed aggressively east-
ward against increasingly strong re-
sistance. The U.S. Third Army drove
toward the Saar River and the U.S.
Seventh Army into the Vosges

Mountains, as the enemy fortress at
Metz continued to resist. On 8
November 1944, the U.S. Third
Army launched a major offensive
toward the Saar River. During this
offensive, the main fortress at Metz
was encircled and it capitulated on 22
November. Its outer forts, however,
did not surrender until 13 December.
Bypassing this resistance, the U.S.
Third Army continued to advance,
capturing Saarguemines on 6 De-
cember 1944. By mid-December,
several bridgeheads had been estab-
lished across the Saar River and the
U.S. Third Army had begun prepara-
tions for breaching the Siegfried
Line. Meanwhile on 11 November,
the U.S. Seventh Army to the south
launched an attack eastward captur-
ing Saarebourg on 20 November
1944. Moving rapidly, it outflanked,
then penetrated the vital Saverne


Chapel Interior facing Altar

Lorraine
American
Cemetery
ant
Memorial

LOCATION

The Lorraine American cemetery is
situated three-quarters of a mile
northeast of the town of St. Avold
(Moselle), France on Highway N-33.
St. Avold, which lies 28 miles east of
Metz and 17 miles southwest of
Saarbrucken, can be reached by
automobile from Paris (220 miles)
via toll autoroutes A-4 and A-32 in 4
hours. From the St. Avold exit of
A-32, Highway N-33, cemetery signs
will lead the visitor to the cemetery.
The St. Avold train station, located 3
miles from the town, can be reached
by rail from Paris, Gare de 1’Est, in
approximately 4 hours; taxicabs are

available in the vicinity of the sta-
tion. There are hotels at Metz, Saar-
brucken and St. Avold.

HOURS

The cemetery is oper, daily to the
public between the hours of 9:00 a.m.
and 5:00 p.m. (The cemetery is
closed on January 1 and December
25. It is open on all other U.S. and
host country holidays.)

During these hours, a staff member
is on duty at the Visitors’ Building to
escort relatives to grave or memori-
alization sites.

Cemetery Entrance


World War 1

Aisne-Marne, Belleau, France .
Brookwood, England
Flanders Field, Waregem, Belgium
Meuse-Argonne, Romagne, France .
Oise-Aisne, Fere-en-Tardenois, France
St. Mihiel, Thiaucourt, France .
Somme, Bony, France ......

Suresnes (See WW IL also), France .

Woteleas qareeesasnyeskasnanewresy

World War I monuments erected
by the Commission are located at or
near: Audenarde and Kemmel,
Belgium; Bellicourt, Brest, Cantigny,
Chateau-Thierry, Montfaucon,
Montsec, Sommepy, and Tours,
France; Gibraltar and Washington,
DC. World War I tablets are at
Chaumont and Souilly, France.

By the end of World War II, several
hundred temporary cemeteries had
been established by the American
Graves Registration Service of the
United States Army. During the
years 1947 to 1954 that Service, com-
plying with the expressed wishes of
the next of kin, and by authority of
law, repatriated the remains of some
172,000 recovered bodies. The re-
mainder were given final interment
in the permanent military cemeteries
on foreign soil, in private cemeteries
overseas and in the national cemeter-
ies in Honolulu, Sitka, Alaska and

Burials Missing

Known Unknow — Commemorated
2,039 250 1,060
427 41 563
347 21 43
13,760 486 954
5,415 597 241
4,086 117 284
1,706 138 333
- 1535 6 974
206 2 29,265 1,656 4,452

Puerto Rico (which are now admin-
istered by the National Cemetery
Administration, Department of
Veterans’ Affairs). As was the case
after World War I, some remains
were left in isolated graves outside
of the cemeteries by request of the
families who then became responsi-
ble for their maintenance.

Fourteen sites in foreign countries
were selected as permanent ceme-
teries in 1947 by the Secretary of the
Army and the American’ Battle
Monuments Commission in con-
cert. Their locations reflect the prog-
ress of the military operations and
were selected with consideration of
their accessibility, aspect, prospect,
drainage and other practical factors.
The World War II cemeteries with
number of burials, including Un-
knowns, and the numbers of Miss-
ing recorded at their memorials and
at three separate memorials on
United States soil are:

Burials Missing

World War It Known Unknown — Commemorated
Ardennes, Neupre (Neuville-en-Condroz), Belgium .. 4,537 792 462
Brittany, St. James, France . 4,313 7 498
Cambridge, England 3,788 24 5,126
Epinal, France... 5,186 69 424
Florence, Italy . 4189 213, 1,409
Henri-Chapelle, Belgium 7,898 94 450
Lorraine, St. Avold, France . 10,338 = 151 444
Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg 4,975 101 371
Manila, Republic of the Philippines . 13,462 3,744 36,282
Netherlands, Margraten, Holland . . . 8195 106 1,723
Normandy, St. Laurent-sur-Mer, France . 9,080 307, 1,557
North Africa, Carthage, Tunisia. 2,601 240 3,724
Rhone, Draguignan, France 799 62 294
Sicily-Rome, Nettuno, Italy 7371 490 3,095
Suresnes (See WW Lalso), France . = 24 =

24

East Coast Memorial, New York City, New York . .

Honolulu Memorial, Honolulu, Hawaii ....

West Coast Memorial, San Francisco, California

— ~ 4,609

World War II cemeteries maintained by the National Cemetery Administration,

Department of Veterans’ Affairs

National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific .....

Honolulu, Hawaii

Puerto Rico ....
Sitka, Alaska .

Other Missin:
Korean War, Honolulu Memorial,

Honolulu, Hawaii... 52.000... cc.

Vietnam War, Honolulu Memorial,

Honolulu, Hawaii ......... 6.26 ..0005

Use of the permanent cemetery
sites on foreign soil was granted in
Pep by the host government
to the United States free of cost, rent
and taxation. The temporary ceme-
tery sites not selected as permanent
cemeteries reverted to the land-
owners.

In 1947, an outstanding American
architect was selected to design each
of the World War II cemeteries, con-
ceiving its grave plots, a chapel and
battle map exhibit as complementary
elements of an integral memorial to
the services and sacrifices of the
American Armed Services who
fought in the particular region. Upon
approval of their general schemes by
the Commission and by agreement
with the Secretary of the Army, the
architects’ plans of the grave plots
were followed by the American
Graves Registration Service in mak-
ing the permanent burials of those
remains which by decision of the
next of kin were to be interred over-
seas. The timely cooperation be-
tween these two agencies contrib-
uted appreciably to the coherence of
the development of the cemetery
designs.

Beginning in the latter half of 1949,
the permanent interments havin
been virtually completed, the Worl
War I overseas cemeteries were pro-
gressively transferred for con-
struction and maintenance to the
American Battle Monuments Com-
mission by Presidential Executive

Action Commemorated by ABMC

= = 18,096

= — 412

sr 86,732 6,514 78,976

(See
11,597 2,079 Honolulu
Memorial)

69 — _

67 5 —

—= = 8,200

_ =< 2,504

Order. Thereupon, the remaining
portions of the architects’ designs
were carried out, step by step —
grading; installation of a system of
reinforced concrete beams on piles to
maintain the levels and alignments
of the headstones; fabrication and
installation of the headstones; con-
struction of water supply and distri-
bution systems, utilities buildings,
roads and paths; plantings; and erec-
tion of the memorials, visitors’ build-
ings and flagpoles.

For design of the various memo-
tials, no specific limitations were
imposed upon the architects other
than budgeted cost and a require-
ment that each was to embody these
features:

A small devotional chapel;

inscription of the names and
particulars of the Missing in the
region;

a graphic record, in permanent
form, of the services of our troops
(WW Il only; however, Oise-Aisne,
Meuse-Argonne and St. Mihiel
WWI American Cemeteries also
have battle maps).

These requirements have been in-
terpreted in a wide and interesting
variety of forms.

An important motive for the con-
struction of the memorials is the im-
plied undertaking by our Govern-
ment to record by monuments the
achievements of our Armed Ser-
vices, since the erection of memo-
tials by the troops (which in the past

25


30

Rhone American Cemetery and Memorial, Draguignan, Var, France

{  rontsta
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Cotentin Peninsula from 6 June to 1
July 1944. It consists of a red granite
obelisk surrounded by a small, de-
veloped put overlooking the his-
toric sand dunes of Utah Beach, one
of the two American landing beaches
during the Normandy Invasion of 6
June 1944.

Three memorials in Washington,
DC were also established by the
Commission, but are now ad-
ministered by the National Park
Service.

YUGOSLAVIA

steiy

@ wom.o wan ncemerenns
3 wonto wae tmonvuenrs

marta

The AMERICAN EXPEDITION-
ARY FORCES MEMORIAL, lo-
cated on Penn. Ave. between 14th
and 15th Streets, NW in Wash. DC,
commemorates the two million
American_military personnel and
their CinC, Gen. John J. Pershing,
who made up the AEF of WWI.

It consists of a stone plaza 52 ft. by
75 ft., an 8 ft. statue of Gen. Pershing
on a stone pedestal, a stone bench
facing the statue and two 10 ft. high
walls, one along the south side of the

31

‘Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery, Romagne, Meuse, France