p. 1


# OAR Box 1392 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 129 ) 1 1 -A- 4 Docket Number: 

# A-94-5 2

Printed 7/7/20089:45:58AM

Sheet 129of 136P. 2 

# &EPA Unite d Slate s Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Contro l Technolog y Cente r Researc h Triangl e Par k N C 2771 1 

# A44-5 2

EPA-600/R-93-21 2 Novembe r199

3



## EVALUATIO NO FTH EPOLYAD ® F B AI RPURIFICATIO NAND SOLVEN T RECOVER Y PROCES S FO RSTYREN EREMOVA L r - : 

# $ 1 OCT . I 91995, -S

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# control^technology

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## EP A REVIEWNOTIC E Thi s repor

t has bee n reviewed b

y th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , an d approved fo rpublication . Approva l doe s no t signif y that th e contents necessaril y reflect th e view

s an d polic

y o fth e Agency , no rdoes mentio n o ftrad e name

s o r commercia l product

s constitute endorsemen t o rrecommendatio n fo ruse . Thi s documen t i s availabl e t o th e publi c throug h th e Nationa l Technica l Informa tio n Service , Springfield , Virgini a 22161 .P. 4



## EPA-600/R-93-21 2 Novembe r

199 3

EVALUATIO N O F TH E POLYAD * F B AI R PURIFICATIO N AN D SOLVEN TRECOVER YPROCES S FO R STYREN E REMOVA L
Prepare d by : Larr yFelix , RandyMerritt , an d AshleyWilliamso n Souther n Researc h Institut e Environmenta l Science s Researc h Departmen t

P
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. Bo x5530 5 Birmingham , A L 35255-5305

EP AContrac

t Numbe r68-D2-0062 Tas k No
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Tas k Office rBobb

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. Danie l Ai ran d Energ yEngineerin g Researc h Laborator y U
. S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Researc h Triangl e Park , N C 2771 1

Prepare d fo r
Contro l Technolog yCente r U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Researc h Triangl e Park , N C 2771 1P. 5

CONTRO L TECHNOLOG YCENTE R

Sponsore d by : Emissio n Standard s Divisio n Offic e o fAi rQualit

y Plannin g an d Standard s U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency Researc h Triangl e Park , N C 2771 1

Ai ran d Energ y Engineerin g Researc h Laborator y U . S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency Researc h Triangl e Park , N C 2771 1

Cente rfo rEnvironmenta l Researc h Informatio n Offic e o fResearc h an d Developmen t U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency Cincinnati , O H 4526 8

ABSTRAC T Manufacturin g processe s that involv e th e sprayin g o

fstyrene-base d resin s have bee n identifie d a s a possibl e significan t sourc e o fvolatil e organi c compoun d (VOC ) emission s that ma y affect huma n heait h an d contribut e t o th e ozon e non-attainmen t problem . Unti l recently , n o know n technolog y ha s bee n demonstrate d t o contro l suc h emission s o fstyrene . Now , two processe s hav e bee n develope d t o contro l styren e emission s an d a short-ter m fiel d evaluatio n wa s planne d t o characteriz e th e styren e remova l efficiency o

fpilot-scal e version s o feac h process . Unfortunately , becaus e onl y on e syste m coul d b e mad e availabl e fo rth e propose d test period , onl y on e o fthes e system s coul d b e tested . Thi s tes t wa s carrie d ou t a t a facility (Elje rPlumbingware i n Wilson , NC ) that manufacture s polyeste r bathtub s an d showe rstall s b y sprayin g styrene-base d resin s ont o mold s i n vented , open , spray booths . A sid e strea m o

fai rexhauste d fro m on e o fth e spray booth s i n th e ge l coatin g part o fth e proces s wa s use d fo rthi s test . I n thi s stud y th e styren e remova l efficiency o fa pilot-scal e versio n o fth e Polyad

® fluidize d be d (FB ) ai r purificatio n an d solven t recover y syste m wa s quantifie d b y continuousl y measurin g th e tota l hydrocarbo n (THC ) conten t o

fspra y boot h exhaust ai renterin g an d exitin g th e Polya d F B devic e wit h TH C analyzer s an d b y collectin g NIOS H Metho d 1501/EP A Metho d 1 8 sample s a t th e inle t an d exi t o

fth e Polya d F B device . Styren e remova l efficiencie s greate rtha n 90 % were achieved . Thi s wor k

wa s performe d at th e request o fth e Contro l Technolog y Cente r(CTC ) steerin g committe e t o provid e informatio n t o stat e an d loca l agencie s fo rus e i n respondin g t o publi c concerns .P. 6

TABL E O F CONTENT S Abstrac t i i Lis t o fFigure s v Lis t o fTable s v i Acknowledgments vi i Prefac e vii i Metri c t o Nonmetri c Conversion s i x Sectio n Pag e 1 . Introductio n 1 2 . Projec

t Descriptio n 3 2. 1 Experimenta l Approac h 3 2. 2 Elje rPlumbingwar e Facilit y 4 2. 3 Th e Polyad * F B Proces s 7 2.3. 1 Pilot-Scal e Polyad * F B Devic e 1 1 2.3. 2 Specifi c Test Condition s 1 4 2. 4 Experimenta l Apparatu s 1 6 2.4. 1 Connectio n t o th e Pilot-Scal e Polya d F B Uni t 1 6 2.4. 2 Samplin g Va n 1 6 2. 5 Experimenta l Method s an d Procedure s 2 1 2.5. 1 Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyzers 2 1 2.5. 2 Collectio n o

fVolatil e Organi c Compoun d Sample s 2 2 2.5. 3 Collectio n o

fRecovere d Solven t Sampl e 2 3 2.5. 4 Tota l Flo

wRat e Measurement s 2 4 3 . Data , Results , an d Discussio n 2 5 3. 1 Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyze rDat a 2 5 3.1. 1 Inle

t Dat a .....2 6 3.1. 2 Outlet Dat a 3 2 3.1. 3 Efficienc

y Dat a 3 6 3.1. 4 Estimate d Styren e Emission s fro m Ge l Coa t Boot h # 2 4 6 3. 2 Volatil e Organi c Compoun d Dat a 4 8 3.2. 1 Measurement s at Spray Boot h Exhaus t Stack s 4 9 3.2. 2 Measurement s at th e Inle t an d Outle

t o fth e Polya d F B Devic e 5 3 3. 3 Analysi s o

fRecovere d Solven t Sampl e 5 6 3. 4 Tota l FlowRat e Dat a 5 6 3. 5 Styren e Capture b y th e Polya d F B Devic e .- . 5 9 4 . Cost s Associate d wit h Applyin g th e Polya d F B Syste m t o Styren e Remova l 6 1 5 . Summary an d Conclusion s 6 8

i nP. 7

TABL E O F CONTENTS , CONTINUE D Appendi xA NIOS H Metho d 150 1 7 0 Appendi xB Quality Contro l Evaluatio n Repor t 7 8 Appendi xC Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyze rDail y Results 8 8

i vP. 8

LIS TO F FIGURE S Rgur e Pag e 1 . Layou t ofth e Elje rPlumbingwar e Facilit y 5 2 . Diagramati c representatio n o fth e Polya d F B Ai rPurificatio n an d Solven t Recover y Proces s 9 3 . Schemati c diagra m o fth e pilot-scal e Polya d F B uni t teste d a

t Elje rPlumbingware 1 2 4 . Componen t layou t o fth e pilot-scal e Polya d F B unit teste d a t Elje rPlumbingware 1 3 5 . Overal l arrangemen t fo rsamplin g at th e Elje rPlumbingwar e Facilit y 17 . 6 . Equipmen t arrangemen t use d fo rsamplin g wit h TH C analyzer s 1 8 7 . Equipmen t anangemen t use d fo rNIOS H Metho d 150 1 samplin g 1 9 8 . Inle t hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r3,199 2 2 7 9 . Inle t hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r4,199 2 2 8 10 . Inle t hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembers , 199 2 2 9 11 . Inlet hydrocarbo n emission s fro m 091 0 t o 0950 , Novembe r5 , 199 2 3 0 12 . Inle t hydrocarbo n emission s fro m 111 0 t o 1150 , Novembe r5,199 2 3 1 13 . Outlet hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r3,199 2 3 3 14 . Outlet hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r4,199 2 3 4 15 . Outlet hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembers , 199 2 3 5 16 . Hydrocarbo n remova l efficiency , Novembe r3,199 2 3 7 17 . Hydrocarbo n remova l efficiency , Novembe r4,199 2 3 8 18 . Hydrocarbo n remova l efficiency , Novembe r5,199 2 3 9 19 . Averag e inle

t an d outle

t hydrocarbo n an d styren e emission s fo reac h perio d o fsprayin g 4 4 20 . Averag e hydrocarbo n an d styren e remova l efficienc y fo reac h perio d o

fsprayin g 4 5 21 . Tota l syste m cost a s $Ao n o fstyren e remove d fo ra nin e yea rlifetim e fo rvariou s inle t concentration s o

fstyrene . Dat a fo r20,00 0 an d 60,00 0 scf m inle t flowrates are show n alon g wit h value s fo rth e 200,00 0 scf m syste m proposed fo rElje rPlumbingwar e 6 6 22 . Tota l syste m cos

t a s $/scf m o

finle t flo wrate fo ra nin e yea rlifetim e fo rvariou s inle t concentration s o

fstyrene . Dat a fo r20,00 0 an d 60,00 0 scf m inle t flo wrates are show n alon g wit h value s fo rth e 200,00 0 scf m syste m proposed fo rElje rPlumbingwar e :....6 7P. 9

LIS TO F TABLE S Tabl e Pag e 1 . Dail y Tes t Condition s 1 5 2 . Dail y Average s an d Gran d Averag e o fTH C Analyze rData , Novembe r3 throug h 5,199 2 4 1 3 . Summary o

fTH C Analyze rData , Novembe r3 throug h 5.199 2 4 2 4 . Styren e Remova l fro m TH C Data , Novembe r3 throug h 5,199 2 4 3 5 . Summary o

fEstimate d Styren e Emission s fro m Ge l Coat Boot h #2 , TH C Dat a 4 7 6 . Samplin g Condition s fo rMeasurement s mad e a t th e Outlet o fGe l Coat Boot h #2 , First Lay-U p Boot h # 5 , an d Secon d Lay-U p Boot h #7,Octobe r- November , 1992 . EP A Metho d 18/NIOS H Metho d 150 1 Samplin g 5 0 7 . Styren e Concentration s Measure d at th e Outle t o fGe l Coat Boot h #2 , Firs t Lay-U p Boot h # 5 , an d Secon d Lay-U p Boot h #7,Octobe r- November , 1992 . EP A Metho d 18/NIOS H Metho d 150 1 Samplin g 5 1 8 . Result s o

fEP A Metho d 18/NIOS H Metho d 150 1 Sample s Take n at th e Inle t o fth e Polya d F B Device , November3t o Novembers , 199 2 5 4 9 . Result s o

fEP A Metho d 18/NIOS H Metho d 150 1 Sample s Take n a t th e Outlet o fth e Polya d F B Device , Novembe r3 t o Novembe r5,199 2 5 5 10 . Compound s Identifie d i n Liqui d Sampl e Recovere d fro m th e Polya d F B Devic e 5 7 11 . FlowRat e Measurement s a t th e Inle t o fth e Polyad F B Devic e 5 8 12 . Estimate d Styren e Captur e i n th e Polya d F B Devic e 6 0 13 . Desig n Assumption s an d Pric e Quote s fo rth e Polyad Concentrato rSyste m an d th e Polya d Recovery Syste m fo rth e Elje rFacilit y 6 2 14 . Equipmen t Lis

t an d Dimension s fo rLarg e Components fo rPolya d System s Suitabl e fo r Installatio n a t th e Elje rFacility 6 3 B-1 . Dat a Quality Indicato rGoal s fo rCritica l Measurement s Estimate d i n QAP P 8 2 B-2 . Dat a Quality Indicato rValue s fo rNIOS H Metho d 150 1 Measurement s Mad e a t Elje rPlumbingware 8 3 B-3 . Dat a Quality Indicato rValue s fo rNIOS H Metho d 150 1 Charcoa l Sampl e Tube s Spike d wit h Know n Concentration s o fStyren e 8 4 B-4 . Dat a Quality Indicato rValue s fo rTH C Analyze rMeasurement s Mad e a t Elje rPlumbingwar e 8 5 C-1 . TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r3,1992 , Firs t Perio d o

fSprayin g 8 9 C-2 . TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r3,1992 , Secon d Perio d o fSprayin g 9 0 C- 3 TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r3,1992 , Third Perio d o fSprayin g 9 1 C- 4 TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r4,1992 , Firs t Perio d o

fSprayin g 9 2 C- 5 TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r4,1992 , Secon d Perio d o fSprayin g 9 3 C-6 . TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r4,1992 , Thir d Perio d o fSprayin g 9 4 C-7 . TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r5,1992 , Firs t Perio d o

fSprayin g 9 5 C-8 . TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r5,1992 , Secon d Perio d o fSprayin g 9 7 C-9 . TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r5,1992 , Thir d Perio d o fSprayin g 9 8

V IP.1 0

ACKNOWLEDGMENT S

Th e authors woul d lik

e t o than k

J . N . Eason , Plan t Manage rat Elje rPlumbingwar e i n Wilson , NC , fo rprovidin g a site t o carr y ou t thi s evaluatio n an d Rolli e Nagel , Manage ro fSafety an d Environmenta l Healt h at Eljer , fo rhi s suppor t an d hel p durin g th e test . Th e authors woul d als o lik e t o than k Lennar t Odbratt an d Magnu s Danielsso n o fWeatherty , Inc . fo rmakin g availabl e th e Polyad * F B uni t fo rthi s tes t an d fo rthei rhel p an d assistanc e before , during , an d afte rth e test . Rnally , th e authors woul d lik e t o than k

EP A Tas k

Office rBobb

y Danie l o

fth e EP A Ai ran d Energ y Engineerin g Researc h Laborator

y fo rhi s help , support , an d coordinatio n throughou t thi s work .

VI IJL1 1

PREFAC E

Th e Contro l Technolog y Cente r(CTC ) wa s establishe d b y EPA' s Offic e o

fResearc h an d Developmen t (ORD ) an d Offic e o fAi rQualit

y Plannin g an d Standard s (OAQPS ) t o provid e technica l assistanc e t o stat e an d loca l ai rpollutio n contro l agencies . Thre e level s o fassistanc e ca n b e accesse d throug h th e CTC . Rrst , a CT C HOTLIN E ha s bee n establishe d t o provid e telephon e assistanc e o n matter s relatin g t o ai rpollutio n contro l technology . Second , mor e in-dept h engineerin g assistanc e ca n b e provide d whe n appropriate . Third , th e CT C ca n provid e technica l guidance throug h publicatio n o f technica l guidanc e documents , developmen t o fpersona l compute rsoftware , an d presentatio n o f workshop s o n contro l technolog y matters . Th e engineerin g assistanc e projects , suc h a s thi s one , focu s o n topic s o fnationa l o rregiona l interest tha t ar e identifie d throug h contact wit h stat e o rloca l agencies .



### v m

### Metri ct o Nonmetri cConversion s

Reader s more familia rwit h nonmetri cunits ma yus e th e followin g factors t o conver t t o that system
. Metri c Multiplie r Yield s Nonmetri c kP a kP a

* C m m 3 

### mmH g kg 100 0 kg rr^/mi n 1450.3 8 4.014 5 1.8T + 3 2 3.280 8 35.3134 0.0393 7 2.202 6 0.90802 35.313 4 psi g in
. H 2 

### 0

' F f t ft 3 

### in.H g I b to n ft 3 

### /mi n

I XP.1 3

SECTIO N 1 INTRODUCTIO N

Th e contro i o

fstyren e i s a majo rconcer n fo rman y area s o fth e country . U p t o th e tim e o fthi s evaluation , Th e Contro l Technolog y Cente r(CTC ) had receive d ove r3 0 call s o n th e topic . On e are a o f styren e emission s i s i n th e manufactur e o fshowe rstall s an d bathtubs . Ther e ar e approximatel y 20 0 o f thes e plant s operatin g i n th e U.S . emittin g uncontrolled styren e t o th e atmosphere . Unti l recently , n o know n technolog y ha d bee n demonstrate d t o contro l th e emissio n o fstyrene . Th e CT C wa s contacte d b y th e firm o

fWeatherty , Inc. . o

fAtlanta , GA , wit h regard t o th e possibilit y o fevaluatin g a syste m (Th e Polyad® F B Process) that ha d bee n develope d i n Europe an d i s presentl y bein g use d there t o contro l styren e emissions . Thi s proces s use s a fluidize d be d adsorptio n syste m wit h proprietar y macro porou s polyme rparticle s a s th e adsorbent . I n th e Polya d F B proces s th e adsorben t continuousl y migrate s fro m a n adsorptio n sectio n t o a desorptio n sectio n where th e polyme r particle s ar e regenerate d an d th e solven t i s condense d an d recovere d bac k t o th e adsorptio n section . Afte rbein g contacte d b y Weatherty , Inc. , th e CT C attempte d t o fin d othe rvendors o fcontro l technolog y fo rstyren e removal . On e othe rvendo rwa s foun d an d th e CT C contacte d thi s vendor , QUA D Environmenta l Technologie s Corporation , o fNorthbrook, IL , t o propos e th e evaluatio n o fthei r chemica l scrubbe rproces s (QUA D Chemtact TM System ) alon g wit h th e Polya d F B proces s o n a sourc e o fstyren e emissions . Th e QUA D Chemtact proces s remove s styren e b y sprayin g fin e droplets ( a mist) o fa dilute d chemica l solutio n into a contaminate d ai rstrea m a s it i s injecte d tangentiall y int o th e to p o

fa hollo wcylindrica l reactio n chamber . Styren e i s apparentl y oxidize d an d adsorbe d into th e mis t o f scrubbe rliquo rwhic h i s continuousl y collecte d an d exhauste d throug h th e chambe rdrain . Th e treate d ai ri s the n exhauste d tangentiall y throug h th e botto m o fth e reactio n chamber .P. M

Th e CT C initiate d a propose d projec t t o evaluat e th e Polya d an d Chemtac t processe s fo r controllin g styren e emission s at a representative fiberglas s showe rstal l an d bat h tu b manufacturin g plant . Elje rIncorporate d o fWilson , Nort h Carolin a wa s selecte d a s a possibl e sit e an d wa s visite d by representative s o

fEP A i n Augus

t o f199 2 an d later , i n October , b y representative s o

fEPA , SRI , Weatherty , an d QUAD . Thi s facilit y wa s selecte d becaus e at thi s site Elje rmanufacture s bot h fiberglas s showe rstall s an d bathtub s b y sprayin g styrene-base d resin s ont o variou s mol d shape s i n individua l spray booth s that are vente d t o th e atmosphere . Durin g th e Augus t visit , a tentative agreemen t wa s reache d t o tes t bot h th e Polya d F B an d Chemtact processe s o n a representative sourc e o fstyren e emission s fro m th e showe rstall/bathtu b constructio n process . Subsequently , durin g testin g o fth e Polya d F B unit , it wa s foun d that QUA D Environmenta l coul d no t suppl y th e unit fo rtestin g withi n th e tim e fram e allotte d fo rthi s work . Ven t ai rfro m th e spray booth s use d fo rmold-coatin g that i s exhauste d t o th e atmosphere i s th e majo rpoin t sourc e o

femission s fro m th e manufacture o ffiberglas s showe rstall s an d bathtubs . Thus , th e numbe ro

fmanufacturin g step s that involv e th e sprayin g o

fstyrene-base d resin s an d th e numbe ro f individua l spra y booth s i n operatio n a t a particula rfacilit y determin e th e leve l o fstyren e emitte d t o th e atmosphere . An y fiberglas s produc

t that durin g its manufacture require s th e sprayin g o fstyren e i s a sourc e o f organi c vapor s tha t coul d affec t huma n healt h bot h directl y an d indirectly . Th e result s o fthi s evaluatio n wil l provid e informatio n t o stat e an d loca l agencie s fo rus e i n respondin g t o publi c concerns .P.1 5

SECTIO N 2 PROJEC TDESCRIPTIO N

2. 1 EXPERIMENTA L APPROAC H Styren e i s a n integra l par t o fth e industria l proces s that produces fiberglas s bat h tub s an d showe rstalls . I n th e firs t ste p o fthi s manufacturin g process , styren e i s mixe d wit h polyeste rresi n an d a pigmen t t o creat e a "ge l coat " that i s spraye d onto a previousl y prepare d mold . Mold s ar e typicall y reusabl e an d befor e eac h us e th e mol d i s waxe d an d coate d wit h a mold-releas e agen t that als o help s t o provid e a hig h glos s t o th e finishe d product . I n subsequen t manufacturin g steps , styren e an d polyeste rresi n are mixe d wit h iner t fillers an d spraye d onto th e previousl y coate d mol d alon g wit h choppe d fiberglass . Betwee n eac h applicatio n th e coate d mol d i s set asid e whil e th e resi n i s allowe d t o cure . Becaus e curin g i s a n exothermi c process , th e nex t manufacturin g ste p i s usuall y no t carrie d ou t unti l th e coate d mol d ha s cooled . Fiberglas s provides structura l suppor t fo rth e finishe d article , styren e an d polyeste rresi n ac t a s a glu e t o hol d th e matri xtogether , an d th e iner t fillers provid e additiona l structura l suppor

t an d ca n als o b e use d a s a fir e retardant . Th e fina l ste p o fmanufacture i s t o separat e th e finishe d fiberglas s produc t fro m th e mold . Th e purpos e o

fthi s project wa s t o evaluat e th e performanc e o ftw o pilot-scal e device s designe d t o contro l styren e emissions . Durin g thi s evaluation , eac h pilot-scal e contro l devic e wa s t o b e configure d t o trea t a portio n o fth e ai rexhaust fro m a gelcoa t boot h a t a fiberglas s showe rstal l an d bat h tu b manufacturin g plan t operate d b y Elje rPlumbingwar e locate d i n Wilson , Nort h Carolina . A s indicate d above , o fth e tw o device s selecte d fo revaluation , onl y th e Polya d F B devic e coul d b e teste d withi n th e tim e allotte d fo rthi s work . T o measur e th e styren e remova l efficiency o fth e pilot-scal e Polya d F B device , tota l hydrocarbo n (THC ) analyzer s equippe d wit h flam e ionizatio n detectors (FID ) wer e use d t o determin e tota l hydrocarbo n level s at th e inle t an d outle

t o fth e devic e o n a continuou s basi s whil e charcoal-fille d samplin g tube s wer e use d t o collect sample s o fvolatil e organi c compound s (VOC's ) at th e inle t an d outlet o fth e devic e ove rtim e period s ranging fro m on e t o tw o hours . Styren e ievei s i n th e inle t an dP.1 6

outlet ga s stream s wer e quantifie d b y subsequen t chromatographi c analysi s (wit h FI D detection ) o fth e VOC' s retaine d i n th e charcoal-fille d samplin g tubes . 2. 2 EUE R PLUMBINGWAR E FACILIT Y Th e Elje rPlumbingware facility , diagrammaticall y show n i n Rgur e 1 , i s locate d i n Wilson , Nort h Carolina . I n thi s figure th e locatio n o fth e pilot-scal e Polyad F B unit i s show n alon g wit h th e locatio n o f th e va n use d fo rsamplin g an d th e generato rused t o provid e powe rfo rth e Polya d device . Eac h stag e o

fmanufacture except fo rmol d separatio n o r"pulling " i s carrie d ou t i n a spray booth . A

t th e Elje rfacilit

y th e spray booth s were no t constructed i n plac e bu t ar e prefabricate d unit s manufacture d by Binks , Inc . Eac h spray boot h i s approximatel y 3.0 5 m (1 0 ft ) high , 4.1 1 m (13.5 ) f t wide , an d approximatel y 3.6 6 m (1 2 ft ) deep . Th e booth s ar e actuall y severa l fee t deepe rbu t 3.6 6 m bac k fro m th e mout h o

fth e boot h a n expande d meta l grate i s mounte d acros s th e widt h an d heigh t o f th e boot h o n whic h a larg e sheet o fai rconditioning-type filte rmateria l i s mounted . Th e filte rmateria l i s usuall y change d every othe rday . Eac h spra y boot h i s continuousl y vente d wit h ai rfro m th e interio ro f th e plan t tha t i s pulle d int o th e boot h entrance , throug h th e ai rconditionin g filte rmat , t o a larg e fa n uni t mounte d outsid e ofth e building . Ai rpulle d into th e fa n exits throug h ductwor k tha t reenter s th e sid e o f th e buildin g an d exhaust s verticall y throug h a 0.9 1 m ( 3 ft ) diamete rstac k mounte d o n th e roo

fo fth e facility . Eac h exhaus t fa n ha s a nomina l rated flowo f41 1 m 3 /mi n (14,50 0 acfm) . Ther e ar e thre e distinc t manufacturin g step s that ar e require d t o produc e a fiberglas s showe r stal l o rbat h tu b a t th e Elje rfacility . Rrst , a prepare d mol d i s mounte d o n a cart an d wheele d into on e o f th e thre e gelcoat spra y booth s locate d i n th e mol d repai rshop . I n th e spray booth , th e mol d an d car t ar e designe d t o slid e ont o th e am i o fa permanentl y mounte d pedesta l assembl y that ca n b e elevate d abov e th e floo ro

fth e spra y booth . Th e mol d an d car t ar e als o designe d t o rotate o n th e ar m o fth e pedesta l s o that al l part s o fth e mol d ar e accessibl e fo rspraying . Thi s mountin g syste m i s duplicate d i n ever y spra y boot h a t th e Elje rfacility . Gelcoa t i s a nomina l mixture o f1/ 3 styren e monomer , 1/ 3 polyeste rresin , an d 1/ 3 pigment . A

t th e tim e o

fthi s tes t tw o colors o fpigmen t wer e used : whit e an d pink . Abou t thre e minute s are require d t o coa t a bat h tu b mol d wit h gelcoat an d fiv e minutes ar e require d t o coat a showe rstal l mol d wit hP.1 7

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Figure 1 . Layou t o

fth e Elje rPlumbingwar e Facilit yP.1 8

gelcoat . Whe n sprayin g i s complete , th e mol d i s oriente d uprigh t an d th e pedesta l i s lowere d unti l th e wheele d car

t mounte d t o th e mol d contact s th e floor . Th e mol d an d its attache d car t i s the n wheele d ou t o fth e boot h t o awai t th e nex t stag e o fmanufacture . Betwee n eac h stag e o fmanufacture th e coate d mol d i s se t asid e t o cure an d harde n fo rabou t a n hour . Curin g generate s heat s o ther e i s a tim e interva l betwee n spraying s t o allowth e coate d mol d t o cool . Th e secon d stag e o

fmanufacture i s calle d th e "firs t lay-up " o r"initia l laminating " step . I n thi s stage , th e mol d i s conveye d t o on e o fth e first lay-u p booth s and , a s wit h th e first ste p o fmanufacture , mounte d o n a pedesta l an d prepare d fo rspraying . I n thi s step , calciu m carbonate (CaC0 3 ) powde ri s adde d t o a mixture o

f50 % styren e monome ran d 50 % polyeste rresi n t o for m a slurr y that contain s approximatel y 50 % solids . Thi s slurr y i s spraye d onto th e mol d an d durin g th e sprayin g operation , choppe d fiberglas s roving i s als o blow n at abou t a 30 * angl e into th e strea m o fspray a s it exit s th e spray nozzle . Th e spra y mixe s with , th e strand s o fchoppe d fiberglas s an d form s a entangle d mat o fresi n impregnate d fiberglas s o n th e surfac e o fth e mold . Th e CaC0 3 powde ran d th e choppe d fiberglas s hel p provid e structura l suppor t t o th e finishe d product . A s wit h th e first stag e o fmanufacture , thi s ste p i s briefan d require s onl y thre e t o fiv e minute s t o complete . Whe n thi s ste p i s complete d th e coate d mol d i s onc e agai n se t asid e t o cure . Th e third , an d final , sprayin g ste p i s calle d th e "secon d lay-up ' o r"backup " ste p an d take s plac e i n on e o fth e tw o secon d lay-u p booth s show n i n th e uppe rlef t come ro

fRgur e 1 (Boot h # 7 o rBoot h #8) . I n thi s step , a 60%-40 % blen d o fpowdere d CaC0 3 an d hydrate d alumin a i s adde d t o a mixtur e o f 50 % styren e monome ran d 50 % polyeste rresi n t o for m a slurr y tha t i s contain s approximatel y 50 % solids . Hydrate d alumin a i s adde d a s a fir e retardant . Thi s mixture i s als o spraye d wit h choppe d fiberglas s fiber s an d form s th e fina l laye ro n th e mold . A s wit h th e first stag e o fmanufacture , thi s ste p i s briefan d require s onl y thre e t o five minute s t o complete . Whe n thi s ste p i s complete d th e coate d mol d i s se t asid e t o cur e fo rth e fina l time . Th e fina l stag e o

fmanufacture i s "pulling " o rseparatio n o fth e mol d fro m th e complete d showe r stal l o rbat h tub . Afte rth e finishe d fiberglas s piec e i s trimme d an d inspecte d i t i s prepare d fo rshipmen t t o it s fina l destination . 

### 6P.1 9



### 2. 3 TH E POLYAD * F B PROCES S Th e Polya d F B proces s wa s develope d an d i s markete d internationall yb yNobe l Chematu r(now Chematu rEngineerin g AB ) o fKarlskoga , Sweden
. Weatherty , Inc. , locate d i n Atlanta , Georgia , i s a wholly-owne d subsidiar

yo fChematu rIntemationa l AB , an d has th e responsibilit yfo rdomesti cmarketin g an d sale s ofth e Polya d F B process . Th e pilot-scal e Polyad F B device tha t wa s evaluate d at th e Elje r Plumbingware facilitywa s provide d an d operate d byWeatherty , Inc
. wh o als o supplie d th e informatio n fro m whic h th e followin g descriptio n o fth e Polyad F B proces s was taken
. Polya d i s a collectiv e nam e fo radsorptio n processe s develope d b yChematu rA B fo rth e remova l oforgani csubstance s fro m proces s exhaus t ai ran d water
. Thes e purificatio n processe s ar e al l base d o n adsorptio n ont o macro-porou s polyme rparticle s instea d o factivate d carbon , whic h previousl y wa s th e adsorptio n agen t ofchoic e fo rmos t solven t remova l processes . Chematu rindicate s that Polyme radsorbent s are superio rt o activate d carbo n becaus e polyme rformulation s ca n b e optimize d fo r th e adsorptio n ofa specifi csolvent
. Fo rai rpurificatio n application s Chematu rmarkets thei rproprietar ymacro-porou s polyme runde r th e trad e nam e o fBonopore*
. I t i s supplie d i n th e for m o fof fwhit e t o pal e ta n particle s wit h a n averag e siz e o f0. 5 mm , bul k

densityof0. 3 g/cm 3 

### , an d specifi csurfac e are a o fapproximatel y80 0 m 2

### /g
. Th e hig h surfac e are a i s du e t o th e macro-porou s nature ofth e material
. Th e Materia l Safet yDat a Shee t fo r Bonopore indicate s tha t i t ha s a molecula rweigh t > 1,000,00 0 an d list s it s components a s divinlybenzene , ethylvinlybenzene , toluene , an d water
. Chematu rindicate s that th e adsorptio n propertie s o fBonopore ar e unaffecte d b yhig h humidit yan d tha t th e polyme rha s n o catalyti ceffec t o n solvent s suc h a s styrene
. I t als o resist s abrasio n whic h i s importan t a s th e Bonopore particle s ar e generall yuse d t o constitut e a be d that i s fluidize d wit h solvent-lade n air
. Th e amoun t o fBonopore require d fo ra give n applicatio n i s governe d b ytota l ai rflowthroug h th e bed , th e amoun t ofsolven t presen t i n th e ai rstream , th e adsorptio n rate ofth e solven t ont o th e Bonopore polymer , an d th e desire d solven t remova l efficiency
. Th e Polya d F B (fluidize d bed ) ai rpurificatio n an d solven t recover yproces s utilize s a continuousl yfluidize d be d fo rai rpurificatio n an d th e recover yofsolvent s fro m air
. Chematu rclaim s thatP.2 0

thi s proces s i s especiall y wei l suite d fo rrecover y o fsolvents fro m ai rstream s whe n th e solvent s hav e relativel y hig h boilin g points . Typica l solvents tha t ar e suitabl e fo rremova l wit h th e Polya d F B proces s includ e aromati c an d aliphati c hydrocarbons , chlorinated hydrocarbons , certai n freons , alcohols , aldehydes , ketones , an d esters . Organi c solvents wit h lo wboilin g points an d very pola rsolvents , suc h a s methano l o rmethylen e chloride , ar e no t suitabl e candidate s fo rremova l wit h th e Polya d process . A t thi s time , two Polya d F B processe s are marketed . Th e first o fthes e processe s i s th e on e that wa s teste d a t Elje rPlumbingwar e where solven t i s recovere d fo rreus e o rdisposal . I n thi s proces s (Rgur e 2 ) solvent-lade n ai ri s purifie d a s it passe s throug h a fluidize d be d o fBonopor

e adsorbent . Th e saturate d Bonopore adsorben t i s the n pneumaticall y conveye d t o a desorptio n unit where i t i s regenerated . Th e adsorptio n sectio n consists o ftwo , o rmore , bed s o

fBonopore . Th e numbe ro fbed s depend s o n th e typ e an d concentratio n o fth e solven t an d o n th e degre e o fsolven t remova l required . Solven t i s adsorbe d b y th e polyme rparticle s a s ai rpasse s throug h an d fluidize s eac h bed . Bonopor e continuousl y flows fro m on e be d t o th e next . I n th e las t be d th e adsorbent , no wsaturate d wit h solvent , i s remove d fro m th e botto m o fth e be d an d pneumaticall y conveye d t o th e desorptio n sectio n at th e sam e rate a s regenerate d Bonopore i s fe d into th e firs t bed . Bonopore fro m th e adsorptio n sectio n i s pneumaticall y conveye d t o th e to p o fa vertica l movin g be d desorbe ro r"stripper " fo rregeneration . Th e desorptio n sectio n consist s o fa containe rmounte d abov e th e strippe runit comprisin g a speciall y designed heat exchange rwit h ga s collector . A s particle s o fBonopore descen d throug h th e desorbe rthe y ar e heate d i n a heat exchange rt o a temperatur e a t whic h th e solven t evolves . Th e heatin g medu m i s stea m but , b y usin g a hea t exchanger , stea m an d wate rd o no

t com e i n contact wit h th e recovere d sorben t o rth e Bonopore polymer . Th e vacuu m create d i n th e containe ra t th e to p o fth e desorptio n sectio n by th e pneumati c transpor t fa n cause s ai rt o b e draw n i n throug h a n ai rintak e at th e botto m o

fth e stripper . It i s the n draw n upward throug h th e descendin g adsorbent . Thi s air , togethe rwit h th e release d solvent , i s collecte d an d directe d into a condenser . Condense d solven t i s capture d i n a tank . Ai rcontainin g an y uncondense d solven t i s fe d bac k into th e to p o

fth e strippe ran d allowe d t o ascen d agai n throug h th e heate d desorptio n zone . 8P.2 1

CLEA N AI R

Rgur e 2 . Diagrammati c representatio n o fth e Polya d F B Ai r Purificatio n an d Solven t Recover y Process .P.2 2

Onc e past th e heate d sectio n o fth e stripper , adsorben t i s coole d b y a wate rcoole d heat exchange rsituate d at th e botto m o fth e stripper . Ordinar

y ta p wate ri s usuall y sufficien t t o provid e fo r satisfactor

y condensatio n o

fth e recovere d solvent . Regenerate d adsorben t i s pneumaticall y conveye d fro m th e botto m o

fth e desorbe rt o th e to p o fth e adsorbe rinto th e first fluidize d bed , t o complete th e cycle . I n a properl y designe d unit , essentiall y al l o fth e solven t enterin g th e unit wil l b e adsorbe d ont o th e Bonopore polyme rbefore th e proces s ai rstrea m carryin g th e solven t exits th e Polya d F B unit . Therefore , outle

t emission s ar e primaril y du e t o sorben t "bleeding " fro m Bonopor e polyme ra s i

t reenter s th e adsorbe rafte rbein g discharge d fro m th e desorber . Thi s i s becaus e desorbe d Bonopore i s introduce d bac k

into th e adsorptio n sectio n a t th e las t fluidize d be d before th e syste m outlet . Weatherty engineer s emphasiz e that suc h outle t emission s ca n b e minimize d by prope rdesig n an d ar e acceptabl e i n light o fth e gai n i n desig n simplicit y an d reliabilit

y afforde d b

y th e us e o

fgravit y t o ai d i n th e feedin g o f Bonopore polyme rfro m on e fluidize d be d t o th e next . Th e secon d typ e o

fPolya d F B proces s i s use d i n case s where solven t recover y i s no t required . I n thi s case , th e Polya d F B proces s i s use d a s a preconcentrato rt o increas e solven t concentratio n i n th e exhaus t strea m s o that it ca n b e easil y incinerated . Th e ne t effect o fsuc h preconcentratio n i s t o reduc e th e tota l volum e o fai ri n th e exi t strea m whil e increasin g th e concentratio n o fsolvent . Fo rthi s application , th e fluidize d be d adsorbe ri s unchange d but instea d o fa movin g be d desorbe ra fluidize d be d desorbe ri s used . I n th e fluidize d be d desorbe rth e Bonopor e i s regenerate d b y blowin g ho t ai r throug h th e adsorben t (i n a fluidize d bed ) whic h cause s th e solven t t o evolve . A s wit h th e first process , regenerate d adsorben t i s pneumaticall y conveye d bac k t o th e first adsorber . Th e ho t solvent/ai rmixture leavin g th e desorbe ri s passe d t o a n incinerato rwher e it i s bumed . T o reduc e energ y consumption , a heat exchange rca n b e installe d t o recove rwast e heat at th e incinerato routlet . Amon g th e Polya d F B units that hav e bee n installed , tw o wer e installe d specificall y t o remove an d recove rstyrene . On e o fthes e units wa s installe d at th e IFO-SanitS rA B plan t i n Bromolla , Swede n i n 1989 . Thi s uni t treat s 21,20 0 nrVh ro fai ran d ca n recove ru p t o 8 kg/h ro fstyren e wit h a 90 % overal l



### 1 0P.2 3



### efficiency
. Thi s uni t require s 5 2 k Wo felectri cpower , 0.5m 3



### /h o fcoolin g wate ran d 15 0 kg o fBonopor e catalys t pe ryear . Anothe rstyren e removal/recover yuni t was recentl yordere d (i n Germany)
. 2.3. 1 Pilot-Scal e Polva d F B Device Th e Polya d mobil e uni t use d at th e Elje rPlumbingwar e facilitywas designe d t o accommodat e a n ai rflo wofu p t o 50 0 m 3 

### /h (29 4 acfm)
. Wit h thi s uni t configure d a s i t was fo rthi s evaluation , a maximu m stead ystat e concentratio n o f100 0 pp m o

fstyren e coul d b e accomodate d before th e leve l o f outle t emission s woul d b e affected
. Short-duratio n pea k concentration s ofu p t o 300 0 pp m o fstyren e coul d als o b e experience d before outlet emission s woul d b e expecte d t o increase
. Solven t remova l efficienc ywa s expecte d t o b e greate rtha n 90%
. Aschemati cdiagra m o fth e pilot uni t i s show n i n Rgur e 3 an d a componen t arrangemen t drawin g o fth e pilot uni t i s show n i n Figure 4
. Thi s portabl e uni t consist s ofthre e separat e module s designe d t o b e assemble d o n sit e afte r bein g shippe d ther e b ytruck
. Th e tota l weigh t ofth e assemble d packag e i s 200 0 kg an d once set u p i t occupie s a spac e 3. 8 m lon g b y2. 0 m wid e b y5. 0 m high
. Durin g operatio n th e pilot-scal e Polyad F B uni t require s 4 5 k

Wo f48 0 VAC ofelectrica l service , primaril yfo rstea m generation , fa n power , an d coolin g wate rrefrigeration
. Aseparat e generato ri s usuall yuse d t o provid e thi s service
. Th e desig n coolin g wate rpressure i s 5 ba rwit h a desig n volum e flowo f20 0 l/h
. Th e pilot-scal e uni t use s fou rfluidize d bed s (two section s o ftw o fluidize d beds)
. Ai rthat enter s th e uni t passe s firs t throug h a filte rt o remove foreig n object s an d the n int o th e firs t fluidize d bed
. Th e filte rhousin g als o hold s a hea t exchange rt o coo l wate ruse d t o condens e recovere d solvent
. As show n i n Rgur e 3 , flo wi s upward
. Clea n ai ri s passe s ou t o fth e to p o

fth e adsorbe runi t throug h a cyclon e t o th e atmosphere
. Th e cyclon e catche s an yBonopor e adsorben t that escape s an d feed s i t bac k t o th e thir d fluidize d bed
. Bonopore tha t has passe d throug h th e fou rfluidize d bed s i s pneumaticall yconveye d t o th e to p ofth e movin g be d desorbe runit
. Exces s ai rfro m th e conveyin g proces s i s route d bac k t o th e firs t fluidize d be d at th e inle t o fth e adsorbe runi t abn g wit h fluidizin g ai rthat i s injecte d at th e botto m o fth e desorber
. Th e desorbe rincorporate s tw o hea t exchanger

s that ar e designe d s o tha t evolve d solvent s an d th e Bonopore adsorben t d o no t com e int o contac

t wit h th e sourc e o

fheatin g o rcooling
. Th e firs t 1 1AI R INLETAI R OUTLET

r o DESORBE R UNI T

FA N

ADSORBE R UNIT



### Figur e 3 . Schemati c diagra m o fth e pilot-scal e Polya d F B uni t teste d a t Elje rPlumbingwar eP.2 5

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PWHCPA l COMPONHI B Q F TH E UOBJLE POLYA D UMT : 1
. IWETPtENUM
. WC0RP0RATESF1TERAN D HEA TEXCHANGE R FOR SOLVEN TRECOVERY

. Z FUflOCE D BE D ADSORBER
. HU TA TBOTTOM
. 1 CYCLONE
. RECOVER S BONOPORE ADSORBEN TTHA T ESCAPE S FROM TH E LAS TR.UDBE D BED
. AI R DIS CHARGE D FROM CYCLON E TO ATMOSPHERE
. CYCLON E CATC H ROUTE D BAC KT O THIR D RUBBE D BED
. 4
. DESORBE R BONOPOR E ADSORBEN TFROM OUTLET FLUIDIZE D BE D 6 PNEUMATICALL YCONVEYE D TO TH E TO P O F TH E DESORBE R WHERE I T6 HEATE D T O DE SOR B SOLVENT
. REGENERATEDADSORBEN TI S PNEUMATCAU YCONVEYE D T O TH E OUTIE T FUHOCE D BED
.

Rgur e 4 . Componen t layou t o fth e pilot-scal e Polya d F B uni t teste d a t Elje rPlumbingware



### 1 3P.2 6

(three-section ) heat exchange ruse s 135* C stea m t o evolv e adsorbe d solven t fro m th e Bonopore polymer . Th e secon d (single-section ) heat exchange ruses ta p wate rt o coo l th e Bonopore adsorben t bac k t o roo m temperatur e (nominall y 2 0 •25 * C ) before it passe s t o th e botto m o fth e desorbe ran d i s pneumaticall y conveye d bac k t o th e las

t sectio n o

fth e fluidize d be d adsorber . Th e averag e tim e require d fo rth e Bonopore adsorben t t o mak e on e complete circui t o fth e syste m i s on e hour . I n th e desorber , ai ran d solven t evolve d fro m th e heate d bonopor e polyme ri s draw n fro m betwee n th e secon d an d thir d sectio n o fth e firs t heat exchange ran d i s sen t t o a separat e water-coole d solven t condensin g unit . Ai rthat ha s passe d throug h th e condensin g unit i s returne d t o th e inle t o fth e desorbe rt o mi xwit h incomin g Bonopor e adsorbent . Althoug h ta p wate rwa s use d fo rthi s test , i fi t i s required , a n on-boar d refrigeratio n unit ca n suppl y chilled wate r(at 10*C ) t o th e hea t exchange ri n th e solven t condensin g unit . 2.3. 2 Specifi c Tes t Condition s Fo rthi s tes t th e inle

t airflo wrate varie d fro m 4. 5 t o 6. 1 rTrVmi n (15 9 t o 21 5 acfm ) a t a pressure dro p offro m - 2 t o -2. 5 kP a (- 8 t o -1 0 in . H2O) . Th e flo wrate o fBonopor

e throug h th e fluidize d bed s wa s kept a t 1 0 kg/h (5. 6 l/m , th e lowest flowrate that ca n b e maintaine d throug h th e unit) , except fo ron e da y (Novembe r4 ) whe n th e flowwa s se t a t 1 7 kg/h (9. 4 l/m) . Th e temperatur e o fth e desorbe rwa s se t a t 135* C (275*F) , whic h i s near , bu t below , th e boilin g point fo rstyren e monome r(146*C) . Th e ta p wate ruse d fo rcoolin g th e Bonopor e adsorbe ran d th e heat exchange ri n th e solven t condensin g uni t average d 20 * C throughou t th e test . Tabl e 1 summarize s th e tes t condition s fo reac h da y o ftesting . Durin g analysi s o

fVO C sample s collecte d a t th e inle t an d outle

t o fth e pilo t unit i t wa s determine d tha t whil e onl y styren e wa s presen t a t th e inle t o fth e Polya d F B device , substantia l amount s o fcompound s othe rtha n styren e (mainl y napthalen e an d napthalen e derivatives ) wer e presen t a t th e outlet . Throug h conversation s wit h Weatherty , Inc . it wa s learne d that thi s pilo t uni t ha d recentl y bee n teste d a t a napth a manufacturin g plan t an d that th e Bonopor e adsorben t use d fo rthat tes t wa s als o use d a t Eljer . A

t th e en d o

fthat tes t n o specia l attempt wa s mad e t o clea n th e uni t o rt o desor b napth a fro m th e Bonopore adsorbent . At th e beginnin g o fthi s test VO C emission s a t th e outlet ofth e Polya d F B devic e wer e approximatel y 22 % styrene . B y th e en d o fth e tes t VO C emission s at th e outle t o fth e 

### 1 4P.2 7

Tabl e 1 . Dail y Tes t Conditions *
Dat e 3 Novembe r 4 Novembe r 5 Novembe r Inlet Ai rTemp .



# r o 20-2 5 20-2 5 20-2 5 Rel . Humidit y (%) N/ A 62-6 6 N/ A Inle

t Ai rFlow (m 3 /min ) 4.4 7 4.8 1 5.6 3 Bonopore Flow

(kg/h ) 1 0 1 7 1 0 Desorbe rTemp .



# r o 13 5 13 5 13 5 Syste m pressure dro p o ffro m - 2 t o -2. 5 kP a (- 8 t o -1 0 in . H 2 0 )



### 1 5P.2 8



### Polya d F B devic e were approximatel y85 % styrene
. Asampl e ofrecovere d solven t obtaine d fro m th e solven t condensin g uni t a t th e en d o

fth e test was approximatel y26 % styrene
. 2. 4 EXPERIMENTA L APPARATU S 2.4. 1 Connectio n t o th e Pilot-Scal e Polvad F B Uni t A s i s show n i n Rgure 1 , th e pilot-scal e Polya d F B uni t wa s installe d o n th e outsid e o fth e plan t a s nea ra s possibl e t o th e exhaus t fro m gelcoa

t boot h #2
. Als o show n i n thi s drawin g are th e relative location s ofa generato ruse d t o provid e electrica l powe rfo rth e pilot uni t an d a smal l va n use d t o hous e th e samplin g equipmen t use d fo rthi s test
. Rgure 5 shows th e overal l arrangemen t fo rsampling
. Approximatel y19. 5 m (6 4 ft ) offlexibl e 15.2 4 c m ( 6 in. ) diamete raluminu m ductin g was use d t o connec t th e Polya d F B uni t o n th e groun d t o th e exhaus t o fgelcoa t boot h # 2 o n th e roo

fo fth e plan t (approximatel y4. 6 m above th e ground)
. Becaus e outsid e temperature s were moderat e (2 0 - 25 * C) th e ductin g wa s not heate d o rinsulated
. A0. 9 m ( 3 ft ) sectio n ofth e sam e flexibl e aluminu m ductin g was attache d t o th e outle t ofth e Polyad F B unit
. Al l connection s fo rth e samplin g equipmen t were mad e a t th e actua l inle t an d outle t ofth e pilot uni t throug h rigid duc t adapters an d bulkhea d fitting s acquire d fo r thi s test
. A t th e pilot uni t inlet an d outlet singl e 9.53m m (0.37 5 in. ) diamete rTeflon ® sampl e line s were use d t o carryga s sample s t o th e sampl e va n fo ranalysis
. Bot h wer e abou t 2.1 3 m ( 7 ft ) long
. I t wa s determine d tha t Metho d 1 8 sampl e line s di d no t nee d t o b e maintaine d nea rth e boilin g poin t o fstyren e bu t di d nee d t o b e hel d a t least 20 * F above th e loca l ambien t temperature
. Thus , th e sampl e line s were maintaine d a t a temperature of49 * C (120 * F)
. 2.4. 2 Samplin g Va n Rgure s 6 an d 7 sho whowth e ga s samplin g equipmen t wa s connecte d withi n th e va n use d t o hous e th e samplin g equipment
. Separat e equivalen t system s were constructe d s o that concurren t sample s coul d b e obtaine d a t th e inlet an d th e outle t o fth e Polya d F B device
. Thus , th e descriptio n tha t follow s applie s t o eithe rsystem
. Shortl yafte reac h 9.53m m diamete rsampl e lin e entere d th e samplin g va n i t was divide d int o tw o shor t 6.3 5 m m (0.2 5 in. ) diamete rsampl e line s les s tha n 1 m i n length
. Th e smalle rsamplin g line s 1 6SAMPLIN G VA N

EXHAUS T

DESORBE R UNI T

POLYAD ® F B PILO TUNI T

Rgur e 5 . Overal l arrangemen t fo rsamplin g a t th e Elje rPlumbingware Facilit y



### 1 7P.3 0

INLE TO R OUTLE T HEATE D SAMPLIN G LIN E 

# t T O EP AMETHO D 1 8 (NIOS H METHO D 1501 ) SAMPLIN G APPARATU S
OUTPU TTO DA

S AN D CHAR TRECORDE R 

### EXHAUS T 

### T O OTHE R TH C ANALYZE R SPA NAN D ZER O GA S INPUT S 

# 1 r^Sh

J.U.M
. VE- 7 TH C Analyze r 

# <f c

- » 

# T

H 2

FUE L GA S 

# ^ t <£>

<£ > N 2 PURG E GA S 

# m & 

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ZERO AI R 2 5

pp m 4 9

pp m 17 1

pp m

STYREN E CALIBRATIO N GA S TO OTHE R TH C ANALYZE R Figur e 6
. Equipmen t arrangemen t use d fo rsamplin g wit h TH C analyzer s

1 8P.3 1



# X INLE TO R OUTLE T HEATE D SAMPLIN G LIN E

• • T O TH C ANALYZE R

CHARCOA L TUB E

CHARCOA L TUB E



## 0 »

CHARCOAL TUB E EXAUS T 

# P SAMPLIN G PUM P

FLO W REGULATIN G MANIFOL D

BYPAS S PUM P Q



### < &
Rgur e 7 . Equipmen

t arrangemen

t use d fo rEP A Metho d 1 8 / NIOS H Metho d 150 1 samplin g



### 1 9P.3 2



### were no t hea t traced
. On e lin e was connecte d t o a J.U.M
. Instruments VE- 7 TH C analyze ran d th e othe rlin e wa s connecte d t o thre e Swagelock TM "Tee " connector

s i n serie s fro m whic h sample s o fgas coul d b e withdraw n int o charcoal-fille d adsorptio n tube s (EP AMetho d 18 , Sectio n 7. 4 o rNIOS H Metho d 1501)
. Afte rth e last Te e connecto rthi s sampl e lin e was connecte d t o a smal l 28. 3 l/ m ( 1 cfm ) capacity samplin g pum p that wa s operate d a t approximatel yone-thir

d o fits rate d flow
. Thi s pum p serve d tw o purposes . Th e firs t purpos e was t o assur e that mor

e sampl e was withdraw n fro m th e flexibl e aluminu m duc t tha n was require d b yth e TH C analyze ran d th e adsorptio n tub e sampl e pump . Th e secon d purpos e wa s t o minimiz e th e tim e require d t o conveya gas sampl e t o th e samplin g equipment
. Th e exhaust fro m thi s pum p was diverte d to th e outsid e o fth e sampl e van . Rgur e 6 show s th e calibratio n gas syste m use d fo rth e TH C analyzers
. Thre e mixture s o f styren e i n nitroge n were use d fo rcalibratio n (17 1 ppm . 4 9 ppm , an d 2 5 ppm) , i n additio n t o zer o air
. Th e bottle s o fcalibratio n ga s .wer e interconnecte d wit h positive shut-of fvalve s t o a commo n manifol d tha t was itsel fconnecte d t o th e spa n ga s por t o n bot h TH C analyzers
. Thi s syste m allowe d bot h TH C analyzers t o b e calibrate d fro m th e sam e calibratio n gases . Th e 0 -1 0 V outpu t signa l fro m eac h TH C analyze rwa s fe d t o on e channe l ofa two-channe l char t recorder
. Th e outpu t signa l fro m eac h TH C analyze rwas als o recorde d o n 72 0 kb flopp ydisks wit h a dedicate d PC-base d datalogger
. Outpu t fro m eac h TH C analyze rwas logge d once ever ysecond
. Th e software use d t o lo g th e dat a (Labtec h Notebook ) was configure d t o displayth e last 5 0 minute s of dat a (last 300 0 dat a values ) fro m bot h channel s o n th e PC monitor
. Outpu t fro m th e inlet TH C analyze r wa s displaye d fro m 0 t o 100 0 pp m ful l scal e an d outpu t fro m th e outlet TH C analyze rwa s displaye d o n a 0 t o 10 0 pp m scale
. Preliminar

ymeasurement s wit h charcoal-fille d adsorptio n tube s (usin g NIOS H Metho d 1501 , equivalen t t o th e Adsorptio n Tub e Procedur e i n Sectio n 7. 4 o

fEP AMetho d 18) mad e o n a pre-test surve ytri p t o Elje rPlumbingware reveale d that virtuall yal l (99%) o fth e organi cmateria l exhauste d fro m th e gelcoat spraybooth s was styren e monomer . Durin g thi s test simila rmeasurements were als o mad e at th e inlet an d outle t ofth e Polya d F B devic e t o quantif ywha t organi ccompound s were presen t at th e inlet an d exhaust o

fthi s device
. Th e primar yinten t o fthes e measurements was t o establis h time 2 0P.3 3



### average d level s o

fstyren e a

t th e inlet an d outlet o

fth e Polyad F B devic e t o determin e th e styren e remova l efficienc

yo fth e Polyad FB device
. A s wit h th e pre-test visit , NIOS H Metho d 150 1 was followe d i n obtainin g thes e sample s (se e Appendi xA)
. Figure 7 shows th e equipmen t arrangemen t use d fo rth e NIOS H Metho d 150 1 sampling
. Th e sam e arrangemen t wa s use d t o obtai n inlet an d outlet samples
. Provisio n was mad e t o obtai n thre e replicat e sample s at on e tim e bytakin g a sampl e a t eac h te e i n th e sampl e lin e that le d t o th e bypas s pump . Th e thre e sample s wer e obtaine d wit h a singl e samplin g pum p connecte d t o a manifol d that , i n turn , was connecte d t o eac h te e throug h a standar d smal l charcoal-fille d tube
. Flo wthroug h eac h le g o

f th e manifol d wa s set before eac h measuremen t t o approximatel y0. 2 l/m
. 2. 5 EXPERIMENTA L METHOD S AN D PROCEDURE S 2.5. 1 Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyzer s J.U.M
. Instrument s Mode l VE- 7 tota l hydrocarbo n (THC ) analyzer s equippe d wit h flam e ionizatio n detectors (FID ) wer e use d t o obtai n a continuou s measuremen t o fth e tota l hydrocarbo n conten t i n ai rtha t entere d th e Polyad F B device (ai rexhaus t fro m gelcoa

t boot h #2 ) an d exite d th e Polya d F B device
. Thi s analyze rextracts approximatel y3 l/ m o fsampl e wit h a n interna l sampl e pum p an d send s fro m 1 7 t o 2 0 cm3/ m o ftha t sampl e t o a n onboar

d FID
. Th e FID' s i n thes e instruments were se t u p t o us e hydroge n a s a fuel
. Tw o o fthes e TH C analyzer

s wer e rente d fro m Clea n Ai rEngineerin g ofPalatine , I L fo rth e duratio n o ftesting
. Thes e instruments wer e inspecte d an d calibrate d wit h propan e spa n gase s before shipment
. Fiv e decad e outpu t range s ca n b e selecte d fro m 0-1 0 pp m t o 0-100,00 0 ppm . A0-10 V signa l i s outpu t a t th e rea ro

fth e instrumen t tha

t correspond s t o th e decad e rang e selected
. Th e instrumen t use d t o sampl e ai rfro m th e inlet o fth e Polya d F B device was set t o measur e i n th e 0-100 0 pp m rang e an d th e instrumen t use d t o monito rai rexhauste d fro m th e Polyad F B devic e was set t o measur e i n th e 0-10 0 pp m range . As indicate d above , th e outpu t fro m eac h o fthes e instrument s was recorde d o n a two-channe l char

t recorde ran d als o logge d o n a dedicate d PC-base d dat a acquisitio n system
. Thes e instrument s are normall ycalibrate d wit h propane . However , fo rthi s test the ywer e calibrate d wit h thre e mixture s o fstyren e i n nitroge n (17 1 ppm , 49 ppm , an d 2 5 ppm , certifie d by

2 1P.3 4

Matheson ®

Ga s Products , Inc) i n additio n t o zer o ai r(les s tha n 0. 1 pp m hydrocarbons) . Whe n th e instrument s wer e zeroe d o n zer o air , Instrumen t respons e wa s linea rwit h th e thre e calibratio n gases . Th e instruments wer e calibrate d an d operate d accordin g t o th e manufacturer' s instructio n manual . Calibratio n an d zer o ga s connection s were mad e at th e bac k pane l o fth e instrumen t an d calibratio n an d zer o ga s pressure s wer e maintaine d at 1 ba r(1 5 psig) . Fue l ga s (hydrogen ) pressure wa s maintaine d at 1. 5 ba r(2 1 psig) . Sampl e pressur e wa s maintaine d at 20 0 mba r( 3 psig) . Ful l calibration s (al l spa n gases , zer o gas ) wer e performe d o n bot h TH C analyzer s at th e beginnin g an d middl e o feac h da y an d instrumen t calibratio n wa s checke d a t th e en d o feac h da y o

ftesting . 2.5. 2 Collectio n o

fVolatil e Organi c Compoun d Sample s Th e Adsorptio n Tub e Procedure define d i n Sectio n 7. 4 o fEP A Metho d 1 8 (equivalen t t o NIOS H Metho d 1501 ) wa s followe d t o obtai n sample s o fvolatil e organi c compound s (VOCs ) fro m ai rthat entere d th e Polya d F B devic e (ai rexhaust fro m gelcoa t boot h #2 ) an d exite d th e Polya d F B device . NIOS H Metho d 150 1 wa s followe d fo rth e analysi s o fth e samples . A copy o fth e NIOS H procedure i s include d i n Appendi xA . A s show n i n Rgur e 7 , th e heate d inle t an d outle

t samplin g lines wer e divide d afte rreachin g th e va n housin g th e samplin g equipment . On e sid e wa s directe d t o a TH C analyze ran d th e othe rsid e t o a bypas s pum p throug h thre e te e fitting s wher e VO C sample s wer e taken . Ro wthroug h th e bypas s pum p wa s set (b y restrictin g a n interna l bypas s loo p betwee n th e inle t an d outle

t o fth e pump ) at a leve l onl y hig h enoug h t o provid e a smal l exces s flowwhe n th e TH C analyze ran d adsorptio n tub e sample s wer e taken . Typically , th e TH C analyze rrequire d 3 l/ m an d th e thre e adsorptio n tub e sample s require d a tota l o f0. 6 l/m . Thre e sample s wer e take n at a tim e (t o provid e replicat e samples , on e sampl e fro m eac h tee ) an d concurren t measurement s wer e mad e a t th e inle t an d outlet o

fth e Polya d F B device . Th e thre e sample s wer e obtaine d wit h a singl e sampl e pum p connecte d t o a flow-regulatin g manifold . Thi s manifol d i s designe d s o that u p t o thre e sample s ca n b e obtaine d wit h a singl e sampl e pum p (SK C Mode l 224-26-0 3 adjustabl e lo wflowcontroller) . Provisio n i s mad e fo rinterna l regulatio n o feac h sampl e flow . A

t eac h tee , a standar d smal l charcoa l tub e (SK C Mode l 226-0 1 charcoal-fille d tube , 

### 22P.3 5

NIOS H approved , Lo

t 120 ) wa s connecte d t o on e sid e o fth e te e wit h th e othe rsid e connecte d t o th e flowregulatin g manifold . Before samplin g commence d flo wthroug h eac h le g o

fth e manifol d wa s set t o approximatel y 0. 2 l/m . Thi s wa s don e b

y insertin g a "dummy " smal l charcoa l tub e int o th e flo wpat h afte ra bubbl e flo w mete r(Gilia n Instrument s Primar y Flo wCalibrator , 2 0 crrvVmi n t o 6 l/m) . A dumm y tub e coul d b e use d becaus e th e flowresistanc e properties o fth e NIOSH-approve d charcoal-fille d sampl e tube s are designe d t o b e unifor m fro m tub e t o tube . Afte rcalibratio n wa s completed , th e dumm y tube s wer e replace d wit h previousl y numbere d charcoal-fille d tubes . T o preven t contamination , thes e sampl e tube s are designe d s o that a smal l glas s sea l o n eithe ren d o fth e tub e mus

t b e broke n of

fbefore a ga s sampl e ca n b e pulle d throug h th e tube . Sample s were take n ove rtim e period s ranging fro m on e t o on e an d one-hal fhours . Whe n samplin g ende d eac h tub e wa s seale d wit h a plasti c ca p provide d by th e manufacturer . Previou s experienc e a t SR I ha s shown tha

t whe n styren e i s sampled , thes e tube s d o no t require refrigeratio n t o preserve th e sampl e prio rt o analysis . Thus , the y were kept at room temperature unti l thei rcontent s wer e extracte d fo ranalysis . Th e charcoal-fille d sampl e tube s fro m thi s evaluatio n wer e returne d t o SRI' s laboratorie s i n Binningham , Alabam a fo ranalysis . Analysi s consisted o fdesorptio n o

fVOC' s adsorbe d o n th e charcoa l wit h carbo n disulfid e (accordin g t o NIOS H Metho d 1501 , reproduce d i n Appendi xA ) followe d b y injectio n into a ga s chromatograp h (GC ) couple d t o a n FID . I n addition , severa l styren e standard s wer e use d t o spik e randomly selecte d charcoal-fille d tube s an d thes e sample s wer e analyze d accordin g t o th e NIOS H metho d t o determin e a desorptio n efficiency specifi c t o thi s lo t o fcharcoal-fille d tube s (91.23%) . Fro m thi s analysis , styren e presen t i n th e sample s wa s quantified . Knowledg e o fth e amoun t o

fstyren e present , th e sampl e time , an d th e sampl e ga s flo wrate allowe d th e determinatio n o fa tim e average d valu e fo rth e styren e presen t a t th e inle t an d outle

t o fth e contro l device . 2.5. 3 Collectio n o

fRecovere d Solven t Sampl e A sampl e o

fliqui d desorbe d fro m th e Bonopor e adsorben t (2. 6 liters ) wa s collecte d a t th e en d o f th e tes t fro m th e reservoi ri n th e Polya d F B device . Th e liqui d ha d th e approximat e colo ro fne wmoto r



### 2 3P.3 6

oi l bu t a viscosit

y more lik

e that o flight cookin g oil . Th e liqui d ha d a pronounce d unpleasan t odor , no t necessaril y that o

fstyren e monomer . Th e liqui d wa s brough t bac k t o SRI' s Birmingham , Alabam a laboratorie s fo ranalysis . A sampl e o fth e liqui d wa s dilute d wit h carbo n disulfid e an d subjecte d t o GC-FI D analysi s t o detennin e styren e content . A secon d sampl e o fth e liqui d wa s subjecte d t o G C analysi s wit h mas s spectrographi c detectio n t o determin e what othe rcompound s wer e present . 2.5. 4 Tota l Ro wRat e Measurement s Durin g eac h da y o

ftesting , th e tota l flow rate into th e Polya d F B uni t wa s measure d wit h a therma l anemomete rthat ha d bee n calibrate d i n a win d tunne l a t SRI' s laboratorie s i n Birmingham , Alabam a befor e bein g take n int o th e field . Thes e measurement s wer e mad e at th e inle t o fth e Polya d F B devic e a t th e en d o fa tong sectio n o

fstraigh t ductin g (2. 5 t o 3 m i n length) . Th e insid e diamete ro f th e flexibl e aluminu m ductin g wa s measure d an d foun d t o b e 14. 6 c m (5.7 5 in. ) whic h correspond s t o a n are a o f167. 5 cm 3 (0.18 0 ft2). T o measure flow, ai rvelocit y measurement s wer e mad e a t fiv e evenl y space d point s acros s th e smal l duct , th e measurement s wer e repeate d (excep t o n th e first da y o f testing) , an d th e reading s wer e averaged . Th e average d ai rvelocit y measuremen t wa s the n converte d t o volumetri c flow . Th e dail y averag e results o fthes e measurement s are show n i n Tabl e 1 . Mor e informatio n o n thes e measurement s i s presente d i n Sectio n 3. 4 o fthi s report .



### 2 4P.3 7

SECTIO N 3 DATA . RESULTS , AN D DISCUSSIO N

3. 1 TOTA L HYDROCARBO N ANALYZE R DAT A Th e THC' s wer e operate d continuousl y throug h th e thre e day s o ftesting . O n th e las

t day o f testin g a 1 5 minute powe rfailure at 1:1 8 p m resulte d i n th e los s o fal l dat a t o th e datalogge rfo rth e balanc e o

fth e day . Dat a were reconstructed fro m th e char t recorde rrecord (whic h itsel fwa s los t whil e th e powe rwa s off

) b y scannin g th e inle

t an d outle

t recor d int o compute rfile s that wer e analyze d b y specialize d software t o determin e th e numerica l valu e o fth e dat a recorde d durin g that time . Th e recovere d dat a wer e the n imported int o th e softwar

e packag e used t o generat e th e experimenta l record presente d i n thi s report . Som e operationa l problem s were encountere d wit h th e TH C monitors . O n th e mornin g o fth e first da y o fsampling , Novembe r3,1992 . th e TH C use d t o monito rhydrocarbo n emission s a t th e inle t o fth e Polya d F B devic e experience d a n abrup t shif t i n outpu t (by a facto ro f1.75) . Th e exact reaso n fo rthi s behavio rwa s no

t know n but fro m a n examinatio n o fth e char

t recorde rrecord it wa s clea rthat th e shif t occurre d shortl y afte rth e firs t calibratio n o

fth e morning . I t wa s detecte d (an d corrected ) at th e lunchtim e calibration . A correctio n facto rwa s determine d an d th e morning' s dat a wer e correcte d durin g analysi s o

fth e data . Th e TH C a t th e outle t o fth e Polya d F B unit di d no t exhibi t thi s behavior . Th e fact tha t bot h o

fthes e analyzer s wer e calibrate d a t th e sam e tim e wit h th e sam e calibratio n ga s allowe d th e proble m t o b e quickl y isolate d an d corrected . Th e sam e behavio r(i n th e inle t TH C analyzer ) wa s observe d on e othe rtime , durin g th e calibratio n chec k at th e en d o

fth e da y o n Novembe r3 . Th e proble m di d no

t appea ragai n an d i n thi s instanc e di d no t affect an y results . Afterwards , th e behavio ro f thi s monito rwa s closel y monitored . Th e TH C analyze ruse d t o monito rhydocarbo n emission s at th e outle t o fth e Polya d F B devic e experience d problem s wit h FI D flame-outs . Th e proble m worsene d unti l o n Novembe r5 , technician s a t Clea n Ai rEngineering , Inc . provide d guidance o n ho wt o correc

t th e proble m an d th e proble m wa s fixed .



### 2 5P.3 8



### Becaus e thes e period s wer e shor t an d becaus e th e instruments wer e monitore d closel yn o significan t dat a were lost
. 3.1. 1 Inlet Dat a VO C emission s fro m th e sprayin g proces s ca n b e characterize d a s bein g quit e variable
. A t th e inle t o fth e Polya d F B device instantaneou s hydrocarbo n emission s (essentiall y100 % styrene ) range d fro m a s lowa s 9 0 pp m t o as hig h as 40 0 pp m durin g sprayin g i n th e gelcoa t booth
. Whil e mold s were bein g remove d fro m th e spra yboot h o rinstalle d i n th e spra yboot h hydrocarbo n emissio n level s range d fro m 1 8 pp m t o 4 5 ppm . Durin g midda ylunc h break

s i n th e productio n process , hydrocarbo n level s decrease d t o approximatel y9 ppm . Figure s 8 throug h 1 0 sho woutpu t fro m th e inlet TH C analyze rthat was recorde d o n th e datalogge rfo rth e thre e days o ftesting , Novembe r3 throug h 5,1992
. Fo rclarity , TH C dat a take n durin g period s o

fcalibratio n ar

e no t shown
. Thes e figure s showthat there are thre e distinc t "periods " o

fsprayin g pe rday
. Th e firs t perio d last s fro m th e star

t o fsprayin g i n th e mornin g (startin g a t abou t 0845 ) an d end s whe n th e plan t employee s have a 1 5 minut e brea k a t approximatel y100 0 hours
. Th e secon d perio d start s a t approximatel y101 5 an d last s until.th e lunc h brea k a t 1145
. Th e fina l perio d start s aroun d 123 0 an d last s unti l 1415
. I n orde rt o sho wth e variabilit yan d th e periodi cnature ofth e emission s fro m thi s process , inlet TH C dat a fro m tw o 4 0 minut e period s before th e lunc h brea k o n Novembe r5 are presente d i n Rgure s 1 1 an d 12
. Becaus e thes e dat a hav e a one-secon d resolutio n i n time , emission s fro m th e sprayin g proces s ca n b e resolve d i n som e detail
. Wit h th e exceptio n o fth e secon d perio d o

fsprayin g show n i n Rgur e 11 , th e operato rspen t fro m fou rt o fiv e minute s sprayin g ge l coa t o n th e mold
. I n th e cas e ofth e secon d sprayin g perio d i n Figure 1 1 an d th e period s o fsprayin g show n i n Rgure 1 2 th e operato rspen t fro m fiv e t o si xminute s sprayin g ge l coa t o n th e mol d an d th e patter n o femission s appear

s distinctl y differen t betwee n th e tw o type s o fspraying
. Whethe rthes e difference s ar e du e t o difference s i n th e typ e o fmol d (bat h tu b versu s showe rstall ) o rt o th e approac h use d byth e operato rcannot b e determine d becaus e n o attemp t was mad e t o trac k wha t typ e o fmol d was bein g sprayed
. 2 6I O

-* 1 

### E ta . 

## o . *-? c a > *—. c o O c 

# £ a s u 

## g T J > » I .0 ) c 

### 50 0

40 0

30 0

20 0 - -
10 0

8:3 0 

### 9:3 0 10:3 0 11:3 0 12:3 0 Tim e o fDay , 11/3/9 2 13:3 0 

### 14:3 0

Figur e 8 . Inlet hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r3 , 199 2r o c o 

### 40 0

32 0 - ~ E Q . C L 

### t £24 0 c & c o O c o X J 

### u 

## 2 "5 L x * ^ c • 

### 16 0 - ~
8 0 - -

8:3 0 

### 9:3 0 10:3 0 11:3 0 12:3 0 Tim e o fDay , 11/4/9 2 13:3 0 14:3 0

Figure 9 . Inlet hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r4 , 199 2

### r o E Q . Q . C Q ) C O 

### O c o -O ^ . C D O O k
_ T J 

### c 40 0 35 0 - - 30 0 25 0

8:0 0 

## 9:0 0 10:0 0 11:0 0 12:0 0 Tim e o fDay , 11/5/9 2 13:0 0 14:0 0

Figure 10
. Inle t hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r5 , 199 2

1 3CO 

## o E Q . O . 

## c c o O c o

- Q 1
_ OJ 

## o o l
_ T J 

### > . I c

9:1 0 9:1 5 9:2 0 9:2 5 9:3 0 9:3 5 Tim e o fDay , 11/5/9 2 

## 9:4 0 9:4 5 9:5 0

Figure 11
. Inle t hydrocarbo n emission s fro m 091 0 t o 0950 , Novembe r5 , 199 2

r oC

O 

### E Q . 

## a . c C D 

### c o o c o

. o a ) o o T J I E

• • ^ ^ ) C



### 11:1 0 11:1 5 11:2 0 11:2 5 11:3 0 11:3 5 11:4 0 11:4 5 11:5 0 Tim e o fDay , 11/5/9 2
Figur e 12 . Inle

t hydrocarbo n emissions from 111 0 t o 1150 , Novembe r5 , 199 2P.4 4



### 3.1. 2 Outlet Dat a Figure s 1 3 throug h 1 5 showoutpu t fro m th e outlet TH C analyze rthat was recorde d o n th e datalogge rfo rth e thre e days o ftesting , Novembe r3 throug h 5,1992
. As wit h TH C dat a fro m th e inlet , period s o fcalibratio n are no

t shown
. Als o no

t show n are data fro m period s whe n th e FI D i n th e outlet TH C experience d a flame-out
. Thes e dat a showthat outlet emission s fro m th e Polyad device are essential yuncouple d fro m inlet emissions
. Thi s behavio rshoul d b e expecte d becaus e th e pilot-scal e Polya d F B uni t was designe d t o remove u p t o 100 0 pp m o fstyren e before outlet emission s woul d b e expecte d t o increase
. Thus , outle t emission s observe d durin g thi s test wer e mainl ydu e t o th e "bleeding " o fsolven t fro m Bonopor

e polyme r tha t wa s not completel yevolve d i n th e desorptio n section
. Outle t emission s tende d t o decreas e throughou t th e day
. A t th e star t o fth e test , 9 a m o n Novembe r3 , outle t emission s wer e nea r22 ppm . Outlet emission s droppe d t o nea r4. 5 pp m afte r severa l hours an d remaine d a t that leve l fo rth e balance o fth e day
. O n Novembe r4 , at th e star t of testin g outle t emission s average d nearl y1 5 ppm . Durin g th e da yth e emission s leve l droppe d t o abou t 6 pp m an d thereafte rincrease d slowl yreachin g approximatel y8 pp m b yth e en d o fth e day
. Thi s rise ma

y hav e bee n du e t o th e highe rflo wrat e o fBonopor e adsorben t use d durin g that day(1 7 kg/ h a s oppose d t o 1 0 kg/h o n othe rdays)
. O n Novembe r5 , th e emission s leve l starte d ou t a t approximatel y7. 5 ppm . However , a t approximatel y092 5 outlet emission s wer e observe d t o ris e quickl yt o abou t 1 1 pp m before the ydroppe d bac k

t o abou t 5. 5 pp m b

y1030
. Th e reaso n fo rthi s "spike " i s no t know n becaus e a

t that tim e th e inlet emission s showe d n o suc h increase , a s i s show n i n Figure 12
. Byth e en d oftestin g outle t emission s wer e i n th e rang e of3 t o 4 ppm . Th e result s show n i n thes e figure s are fo rtota l hydrocarbo n emissions
. Previou s measurements (an d othe rmeasurement s t o b e reviewe d here ) hav e show n that virtuall yal l o fth e VO C emission s fro m th e Elje rfacilit yoccu ra s styrene
. As indicate d i n Sectio n 2.3.2 , othe rVOC' s were presen t i n ai rat th e outle t o fth e Polya d F B devic e becaus e th e device was contaminate d wit h VO C residu e fro m a previou s test
. However , becaus e thes e contaminant s di d no t contai n styrene , i t wa s possibl e t o determin e th e portio n o fth e outle t emission s that were du e t o styren e fro m analysi s o fth e charcoa l tub e samples
. 3 2

# 8 E Q . Q . C < D m-» C 

### o O c o 

### € c d 

### o o T J X *m* Oi • 3 3 

## o 25. 0

20. 0

15. 0

10. 0

5. 0

0. 0 

### 9:0 0 10:0 0 11:0 0 12:0 0 13:0 0 14:0 0 15:0 0 Tim e o fDay . 11/3/9 2
Figure 13 . Outlet hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r3 , 199 2

### 15. 0

10. 0 E Q . Q . •J " C < D C 

### o O c o 

### € 

# s S T J 

### \W 5. 0 a > 3 3 

# o

0. 0 TH C Analyze r Calibratio n

26 % Styren e Draege rTub e Run s 1 3 •1 5 (9:0 5 -10:05 ) TH C Analyze r Calibratio n



### (***• »

6 1 % Styren e Draege rTub e Run s 1 9 - 2 1 (12:4 0 •14:10 )



### 8:3 0 

### 9:3 0 10:3 0 11:3 0 12:3 0 Tim e o fDay , 11/4/9 2 

### 13:3 0 14:3 0

Figure 14 . Outle t hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembe r4 , 199 2O J 

### E Q . Q . C C D *-. C 

### o O c o 

## € C O 

### o o TJ 

### X 

### " 3 O 12. 0
10. 0
8. 0 - -


### 6. 0 - -
4. 0
2. 0
0. 0 8:0 0 TH C Analyze r Calibratio n

69 % Styren e Draege rTub e Run s 2 5 - 2 7 (8:5 2 -10:0 ^ 

## ^^Vf N

77 % Styren e Draege rTub e Run s 3 1 - 3 3 (10:25 - 11:30 ) 

# F= F TH C Analyze r Calibratio n

. ^ . Powe r Failur e

85 % Styren e Draege rTub e Run s 3 7 - 3 9 (12:4 2 - 14:02 ) 

### 9:0 0 10:0 0 11:0 0 12:0 0 Tim e o fDay , 11/5/9 2 

### 13:0 0 14:0 0

Figure 15 . Outlet hydrocarbo n emissions , Novembers , 199 2

^ iP.4 8



### Thus , i n Rgure s 1 3 throug h 15 , period s are show n durin g whic h charcoa l tub e (Draege rtube ) sample s wer e take n at th e outle t o fth e Polyad devic e an d th e percentag e o fstyren e measure d i n thos e sample s i s indicate d o n thes e figures
. Takin g int o accoun t th e actua l amoun t o fstyren e that was presen t a t th e outle t o fth e Polya d F B device , styren e emission s a t th e outlet o

fth e Polya d F B devic e were neve r greate rtha n 8 ppm . Byth e en d o ftestin g emission s o

fstyren e had falle n t o les s tha n 4 ppm . 3.1. 3 Efficienc

yDat a Rgure s 1 6 throug h 1 8 sho wcalculate d hydrocarbo n penetratio n throug h th e Polya d F B devic e an d remova l efficienc

yacros s th e Polyad F B device fo rth e thre e days o ftesting , Novembe r3 throug h 5 , 1992
. Becaus e ofth e cycli cnature o fth e inlet emission s th e calculate d penetration-efficienc ycurve s show n i n thes e figure s exhibi t th e sam e cycli cnature
. T o provid e th e reade rwit h visua l informatio n o n averag e level s o

fpenetratio n an d efficienc yove rtim e s o tha

t trend s ca n b e seen , averag e penetration efficienc yvalue s durin g eac h perio d o fsprayin g are als o show n i n thes e figure s alon g wit h curve fit s throug h th e pea k

averag e value s durin g eac h perio d o fspraying
. As indicate d above , outlet emission s appea rt o b e essentiall yuncouple d fro m inlet emissions
. Thus , th e highest penetration s (lowest efficiencies ) wer e observe d durin g period s betwee n spraying s an d th e lowest penetration s (highest efficiencies ) wer e observe d durin g period s o fspraying
. I n term s o

fpenetration-efficienc

yvalue s measure d durin g period s o fspraying , efficiencie s neve rfel l below91 % an d o n th e last dayo ftestin g a n efficienc yofove r99 % was measure d durin g on e perio d o fsprayin g a

t aroun d 1300
. Clearly , fro m th e dat a collecte d durin g thi s period , th e Polyad F B proces s was ver yefficien t i n collectin g th e styren e emissions
. Becaus e ofth e rapi d variabilit yi n proces s inlet emission s an d th e leve l o finlet emission s i t wa s not possibl e t o confir m th e assertio n mad e b yWeatherly , Inc
. that an ystepwis e increas e i n inlet emission s belo w100 0 pp m woul d no t affec t th e immediate outle t emission s leve l fo rth e Polya d F B pilo t unit
. However , th e inle t an d outlet emission s dat a presente d above d o suggest tha t withi n th e level s of instantaneou s emission s monitore d a t th e inlet t o th e Polyad F B devic e (u p t o 40 0 pp m o fstyrene ) outle t emission s ar e governe d b y"bleeding " o fsolven t fro m Bonopor

e polyme ra s i t i s reintroduce d int o th e adsorbe rfro m th e desorptio n section
. 3 6•> J



### 100. 0 

## 9:0 0 10:0 0 11:0 0 12:0 0 Tim e o fDay , 11/3/9 2 

## 13:0 0 14:0 0

Figur e 16 . Hydrocarbo n remova l efficiency, Novembe r3 , 199 2

# g 99. 0

—

## 90. 0 X

» < Q .

- n 

### o o

- ^ e x o 3J C D 

## 3 

# s o . 5 ' O



### 100. 0 0. 0 8:3 0 

## 9:3 0 10:3 0 11:3 0 12:3 0 Tim e o fDay , 11/4/9 2 13:3 0 14:3 0

Figur e 17 . Hydrocarbo n remova l efficiency, Novembe r4,199 2

oC O

CO 

## 99. 0

90. 0 X

C L

~* 

## o o 0> —% C T O 3 D C D 

### 3 

# 3 o CD * 

# 3

100. 0 0. 0 8:0 0 

## 9:0 0 10:0 0 11:0 0 12:0 0 Tim e o fDay . 11/5/9 2 13:0 0 14:0 0

Figur e 18 . Hydrocarbo n remova l efficiency , Novembe r5,199 2

U lP.5 2



### Becaus e outle t emission s wer e effectivel yno

t couple d t o inlet emission s durin g thi s tes t i t woul d b e deceptiv e t o concentrat e o n th e relativel ylowpenetration-efficienc yvalue s determine d durin g period s betwee n sprayings
. Likewise , it ma yals o be deceptive t o concentrat e o n hig h penetration-efficienc y value s determine d onl ydurin g period s o fspraying
. Thus , i n orde rt o obtai n a conservative estimat e o f th e efficienc

yo fth e Polya d F B device th e followin g approac h was adopted : Inlet an d outle t emission s were average d durin g period s o fsprayin g an d durin g period s betwee n sprayings
. Penetration s an d efficiencie s were the n calculate d base d o n thes e averages . Overal l average s were calculate d fo reac h ofth e thre e period s o

factive sprayin g fo reac h da yo ftestin g an d fro m thes e average s dail yaverage s an d a gran d averag e o

fal l th e data wer

e determined
. A n inspectio n o

fth e inlet emission s recor d suggeste d tha

t a n inlet hydrocarbo n emission s leve l o f 6 3 pp m wa s a resonabl e cutof fpoin t t o determin e i fa mol d was bein g sprayed
. Thus , inlet emission s greate rtha n 6 3 pp m were foun d t o b e typica l fo rperiod s o fsprayin g an d inlet emission s o fles s tha n 6 3 pp m wer e foun d t o b e typica l fo rperiod s betwee n sprayings
. TH C dat a durin g eac h perio d o factive sprayin g wer e average d accordin g t o thi s criteria
. Also , a recor d o fth e lengt h oftim e ofeac h spray/non sprayperio d was maintaine d a s par t o fth e averagin g process . Afte raveraging , th e dat a were sorte d by ascendin g emissions
. Overal l average s (weighte d byth e tim e spa n ofeac h emission ) were determine d fo rperiod s whe n emission s wer e greate rtha n 6 3 pp m an d fo rperiod s whe n emission s were les s tha n 6 3 ppm . Finally , th e percentag e o ftim e that mold s wer

e spraye d was determine d fo reac h perio d o f activ e spraying
. Tabl e 2 shows th e overal l resul t o fthes e calculation s an d include s th e dail yan d gran d test average s referre d t o above
. Tabl e 3 include s th e average s fo reac h o fth e thre e tes t dail yperiod s o f activ e sprayin g ove rth e thre e days o ftesting
. I n thes e two table s n o attemp t wa s mad e t o correc t th e leve l ofoutle t emission s fo ractua l styren e content
. Tabl e 4 provide s thi s correctio n fo rth e time s that th e amoun t o

fstyren e a

t th e outlet was determined
. I n thes e table s averag e inlet an d outlet emission s an d efficiencyan d penetratio n ar e presente d fo rperiod s whe n mold s were spraye d (emission s > 6 3 ppm) , betwee n spraying s (emission s < 6 3 ppm ) and
. fo rth e entire period
. Figure s 1 9 an d 2 0 presen t graphicall yth e entire perio d average s show n i n Table s 3 an d 4 fo reac h perio d o fspraying
. Table s 4 0P.5 3

Tabl e 2
. Dail yAverage s an d Gran d Averag e o f TH C Analyze rData , Novembe r3 throug h 5,199 2 199 2 Dat e 3 No v

4 No v

5 No v

3 - 5 No v Inle t

Emission s Leve l
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m • < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L Percen t

o fTim e a t tha t Leve l 63. 7 36. 3 100. 0 67. 1 32. 9 100. 0 65. 0 35. 0 100. 0 65. 4 34. 6 100. 0 Averag e

Inle t TH C pp m 187. 5 39. 2 133. 7 177. 4 41. 7 132. 7 160. 0 40. 4 118. 2 174. 4 40. 5 127. 9 Averag e

Outle t TH C pp m 10.2 8 9.1 0 9.8 5 7.4 7 7.3 1 7.4 2 5.5 3 5.2 1 5.4 2 7.6 2 7.1 3 7.4 5 Averag e

Efficienc y % 94.5 1 76.7 9 92.6 3 95.7 9 82.4 7 94.4 1 96.5 5 87.1 0 95.4 2 95.6 3 82.3 7 94.1 8 Averag e

Penetratio n % 5.4 9 23.2 1 7.3 7 4.2 1 17.5 3 5.5 9 3.4 5 12.9 0 4.5 8 4.3 7 17.6 3 5.8 2

4 1P.5 4

Tabl e 3 . Summar

y o fTH C Analyze rData , Novembe r3 throug h 5,199 2 199 2 Oat e
3-No v

4-No v

5-No v

____ _ Tim e Perio d

fo rSprayin g Star t 9:0 4

10:0 1

12:5 4

8:4 2

10:1 2

12:1 9

8:2 9

10:1 1

12:1 9 En d

10:0 1

11:4 8

14:2 1

10:0 5

11:5 3

14:1 5

10:0 5

11:4 9

14:1 4 Inle t

Emission s Level
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L Percen t

ofTim e a t tha t Leve l 71. 8 28. 2 100. 0 60. 1 39. 9 100. 0 61. 8 38. 2 100. 0 71. 4 28. 6 100. 0 70. 2 29. 8 100. 0 60. 6 39. 4 100. 0 69. 5 30. 5 100. 0 58. 6 41. 4 100. 0 67. 3 32. 7 100. 0 Averag e

Inle t TH C pp m 173. 7 46. 1 137. 7 206. 8 38. 7 139. 7 176. 9 35. 7 122. 9 152. 6 45. 6 122. 0 193. 8 44. 4 149. 3 182. 0 37. 5 125. 0 156. 5 47. 0 123. 1 172. 7 37. 6 116. 8 151. 6 37. 8 114. 4 Averag e

Outle t TH C pp m 19.4 0 19.6 6 19.4 7 7.8 6 7.6 4 7,7 7 4.8 1 4.8 1 4.8 1 9.6 9 10.0 7 9.8 0 5.7 9 5.5 3 5.71 7.3 0 7.0 5 7.2 0 7.9 7 7.4 9 7.8 2 4.7 3 4.7 8 4.7 6 3.5 7 3.5 4 3.5 6 Averag e

Efficienc y % 88.8 3 57.4 0 85.8 6 96.2 0 80.2 8 94.4 4 97.2 8 86.5 3 96.0 9 93.6 5 77.9 2 91.9 7 97.0 1 87.5 6 96.1 7 95.9 9 81.2 1 94.2 5 94.9 1 84.0 5 93.6 5 97.2 6 87.2 8 95.9 3 97.6 5 90.6 5 96.8 9 Averag e

Penetratio n % 11.1 7 42.6 0 14.1 4 '3.8 0 19.7 2 5.5 6 2.7 2 13.4 7 3.9 1 6.3 5 22.0 8 8.0 3 2.9 9 12.4 4 3.8 3 4.0 1 18.7 9 5.7 5 5.0 9 15.9 5 6.3 5 2.7 4 12.7 2 4.0 7 2.3 5 9.3 5 3.11



### 42P.5 5



### Tabl e 4
. Styren e Remova l fro m TH C Data , Novembe r3 throug h 5,199 2 199 2 Oat e
3-No v

4-No v

5-No v Tim e Perio d fo rSprayin g Start 12:5 4

8:4 2

12:1 9

8:2 9

10:1 1

12:1 9 En d 14:2 1

10:0 5

14:1 5

10:0 5

11:4 9

14:1 4 Inle

t Emission s Leve l
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L
> 6 3 pp m < 6 3 pp m AL L Percen t

o fTim e at that Leve l 61. 8 38. 2 100. 0 71. 4 28. 6 100. 0 60. 6 39. 4 100. 0 69. 5 30. 5 100. 0 58. 6 41. 4 100. 0 67. 3 32. 7 100. 0 Averag e

Inle t TH C pp m 176. 9 35. 7 122. 9 152. 6 45. 6 122. 0 182. 0

. 37. 5 125. 0 156. 5 47. 0 123. 1 172. 7 37. 6 116. 8 151. 6 37. 8 114. 4 Averag e

Outlet TH C pp m 4.8 1 4.8 1 4.8 1 9.6 9 10.0 7 9.8 0 7.3 0 7.0 5 7.2 0 7.9 7 7.4 9 7.8 2 4.7 3 4.7 8 4.7 6 3.5 7 3.5 4 3.5 6 Styren e

i n Outlet Ai r % 21. 8 21. 8 21. 8 26. 2 26. 2 26. 2 61. 5 61. 5 61. 5 69. 3 69. 3 69. 3 77. 2 77. 2 77. 2 84. 8 84. 8 84. 8 pp m 1.0 5 1.0 5 1.0 5 2.5 4 2.6 4 2.5 7 4.4 8 4.3 3 4.4 2 5.5 3 5.1 9 5.4 3 3.6 6 3.6 9 3.6 7 3.0 3 3.0 0 3.0 2 Styren e Efficienc y % 99.4 1 97.0 7 99.1 5 98.3 4 94.2 2 97.9 0 97.5 4 88.4 5 96.4 6 96.4 7 88.9 5 95.6 0 97.8 9 90.1 7 96.8 6 98.0 0 92.0 7 97.3 6 Styren e

Penetratio n % 0.5 9 2.9 3 0.8 5 1.6 6 5.7 8 2.1 0 2.4 6 11.5 5 3.5 4 3.5 3 11.0 5 4.4 0 2.1 1 9.8 3 3.1 4 2.0 0 7.9 3 2.6 4



### 4 3P.5 6



## 17 5
150- -
E Q
. Q
. 

### " 3 > C D

- J CO 

### c 

### o C O C O 

### E U J 

### " 5In C D C O c o i
_ C D 

### > < 

### 12 5

10 0



### 7 5

5 0


## 25 - - III I III I —# — Inlet Hydrocarbon s



## I—- j I 1

-O —Outlet Hydrocarbon s —A —Outlet Styren e



## —i—i — 

# 1 -iiiii 

## 3 5
-3 0

? 5

2 0

1 5

1 0 > 

### < C D
— » C D C O C D 

### O c C D <- * 

### m 3 C O C O 

### o 3 C O i — C D

< • 

### 2
. •a



## - 5
SprayPerio d Da y 1 2 3

Novembe r3 1 2 3

Novembe r4 1 2 3

Novembe r5

Figur e 19
. Averag e inlet an d outle t hydrocarbo n an d styren e emission s fo reach period o fsprayin g

4 4P.5 7



## 100

- 98 - 96 - 94 -

o c C D 

### ' o 

## 92

- 

## \r, SO- US > 

## o E C D CC 

## 88 - 86 - - ; 

## 84 - 82 - Tota l Hydrocarbon s Styren e



## 80-r

SprayPerio d 1 2 3 Da yNovembe r3 

## 1 1

- 1 2 3 Novembe r4 1 2 3

Novembe r5

Rgur e 20
. Averag e hydrocarbo n an d styren e remova l efficienc yfo reach period o

fsprayin g

4 5P.5 8



### detailin g average s withi n eac h perio d o factiv e sprayin g (sorte d bytime ) alon g wit h populatio n standard deviation s an d 95 % confidence interval s are presente d i n Appendi xC
. Table s 2 an d 3 showthat , o n th e average , 65 % o feac h perio d o

factiv e sprayin g activityi s occupie d byspraying
. Durin g thes e period s th e averag e leve l o fstyren e emission s a

t th e inlet range d fro m 152 t o 20 7 pp m whil e th e averag e leve l o fhydrocarbo n emission s a t th e outle t range d fro m 3. 6 t o 9. 8 pp m (excludin g th e firs t perio d o factive sprayin g o n Novembe r3)
. I fth e firs t perio d o factive sprayin g o n Novembe r3 i s exclude d th e averag e efficienc ydurin g period s o

fsprayin g range d fro m 9 3 t o nearl y98% , an d th e averag e efficienc ydurin g period s betwee n spraying s range d fro m 7 8 t o almost 91%
. Overall , a n averag e efficienc yo fjust slightl ygreate rtha n 94 % was measure d fo rth e test
. Tabl e 4 an d Rgur e 1 9 sho wthat styren e a

t th e outlet increase d before i t starte d t o decrease
. Thes e dat a als o sho wtha t outlet emission s droppe d bya facto ro fove rfou rfro m th e beginnin g t o th e en d ofth e test
. Thi s i s probabl ybecaus e durin g mos t o fth e firs t two days o

ftestin g outlet emission s were dominate d b yth e evolutio n o fnapthalene-relate d contaminants fro m th e Bonopore polymer
. I fdat a fro m th e last perio d o fth e last dayoftestin g ca n b e viewe d a s representativ e ofth e Polya d F B proces s (i n th e absence o fcontamination ) then , a s Tabl e 4 an d Figur e 2 0 show , overal l efficiencie s o fa t least 97 % ca n b e achieved
. 3.1. 4 Estimate d Styren e Emission s fro m Ge l Coa t Boot h #2 I t i s possibl e t o estimat e styren e emission s t o th e atmospher e fro m th e showe rstal l an d bat h tu b ge l coatin g proces s fro m TH C dat a take n a t th e inlet o

fth e Polyad F B device
. TH C dat a fro m eac h day o ftestin g were inspecte d t o determin e time s durin g whic h bat h tub s o rshowe rstal l mold s were sprayed
. VO C emission s (assume d t o b e 100 % styrene ) wer e average d ove rth e tim e require d t o sprayeac h bat h tu b o rshowe rstal l mol d an d multiplie d byth e tim e require d t o spra yth e mol d t o determin e th e emission s rate i n m g o

fstyren e pe rm 3



### / s o fai rflow
. Thi s valu e was multiplie d b yth e nomina l flo wrat e ofth e ven t exhaust fa n (6.8 4 m 3 

### / s o r14,50 0 cfm ) t o obtai n a mas s emission s rat e ofstyren e t o th e atmosphere fo reac h bat h tu b o rshowe rstall
. Tabl e 5 shows th e result s o fthes e calculation s wit h populatio n standard deviation s an d 95 % confidenc e intervals
. Ove rth e thre e days o ftestin g sufficien t dat a wer e acquire d t o estimat e styren e 4 6P.5 9

Tabl e 5 . Summar

y o f Estimate d Styren e Emission s fro m Ge l Coa t Boot h #2 , TH C Dat a
Dat e 3-No v

4-No v

5-No v

3- 5 No v Star t

9:0 4 10:1 8 12:5 9 Dail yJ
8:4 8 10:2 0 12:3 2 Dail yS
8:2 9 10:1 6 12:3 3 Dail y£ Test s En d

10:0 1 11:4 2 14:0 7 lummary
9:5 7 11:5 0 14:0 8 lummar y 9:4 9 11:4 5 14:0 7 lummar y

ummar y Unit s

Spraye d 8 9 9 2 6
9 1 2 1 2 3 3
9 8 8 2 5 8 4 Tim e Averag e (sec ) 304. 5 356. 6 297. 6 320. 1
32 2 328. 7 290. 8 313. 1
373. 7 410. 1 340. 9 374. 8
333. 6 : o Spra yEac l

Pop
. Std
. Dev
. (sec ) 58. 9 93. 8 81. 1 84. 2
99. 1 99. 2 81. 5 94. 7
68. 8 108. 7 146. 7 114. 6 101. 8 i Uni t

95 % C
. 1
. (sec ) 40. 8 61. 3 53. 0 32. 4
64. 7 56. 1 46. 1 32. 3
44. 9 75. 3 101. 6 44. 9
21. 8 —Styre n

Averag e (kg ) 1.55 1 2.13 7 1.52 1 1.74 4
1.47 0 1.84 2 1.54 1 1.63 1
1.76 1 1.99 0 1.61 9 1.78 9
1.71 3 9 Emission s pe rUni t —

Pop
. Std
. 95 % Cl
. Dev
. (kg ) (kg ) 0.29 6 0.53 0 0.31 8 0.49 2
0.35 3 0.44 8 0.31 5 0.41 1
0.27 4 0.46 0 0.54 7 0.46 2 0.45 8 0.20 5

0.34 6 0.20 8 0.18 9
0.23 1 0.25 4 0.17 8 0.14 0
0.17 9 0.31 9 0.37 9 0.18 1
0.09 7



### 4 7P.6 0

mas s emission s fo ra tota l o f9 1 separat e mol d sprayings . O n th e average , 5. 6 ±1. 7 minute s wer e require d t o spra y a mol d an d durin g that tim e approximatel y 1. 9 ±0. 5 k g o fstyren e wa s vente d t o th e atmosphere , assumin g that th e exhaust fa n i n ge l coa t boot h # 2 wa s operate d at its nomina l flo wrate. Th e fairl y hig h populatio n standar d deviation s fo rthes e numbers are mos t likel y du e t o th e fact that tw o differen t type s mold s wer e spraye d an d that bat h tu b enclosure s require a longe rtim e t o spray (wit h highe remissions ) tha n smalle rshowe rstalls . 3. 2 VOLATIL E ORGANI C COMPOUN D DAT A NIOS H Metho d 150 1 (equivalen t t o EP A Metho d 18 , Adsorptio n Tub e Procedure) wa s followe d t o obtai n charcoa l tub e sample s at selecte d boot h exhaust s an d at th e inle t an d outle

t o fth e Polya d F B devic e situate d a t ge l coat boot h #2 . Du e t o th e natur e o fth e adsorptio n tub e samplin g procedure an d th e desir e t o sampl e proces s emission s ove ra n extende d period , sampl e time s o ffro m on e t o on e an d one-hal fhours wer e typical . . Durin g a pretes t visi t o n Octobe r13,199 2 charcoa l tub e sample s wer e obtaine d a t th e roo f exhaus t stac k

o fge l coat boo

t #2 . Later , o n Novembe r6,1992 , charcoa l tub e sample s wer e obtaine d a t th e roo fexhaus t stac k

o ffirst lay-u p boot h # 5 an d secon d lay-u p boot h # 7 . As describe d above , durin g eac h da y o

fsamplin g fro m Novembe r3 -5,199 2 charcoa l tub e sample s wer e obtaine d fro m ai r exhauste d fro m ge l coa t boot h # 2 (th e inle t o fth e Polya d F B device ) an d ai rexhauste d fro m th e Polya d F B device . Onl y on e operationa l proble m wa s encountere d durin g thi s testing . Thi s wa s whe n a 1 5 minut e powe rfailur e occurre d o n th e last da y o fsampling . Eve n thoug h th e battery-powere d pump s that wer e use d t o acquir e thes e sample s continue d t o functio n durin g th e interva l whil e powe rwa s lost , th e sampl e bypas s pump s di d not operat e durin g that tim e (19 % o fth e 8 0 minute sampl e period) . Thus , thos e particula rsample s ma y no t b e completel y representative o fth e process . Equipmen t problem s di d significantl y affect sampling . Afte rtestin g wa s complete d i t wa s discovere d tha t bot h sampl e pump s di d no t maintai n prope rsampl e flo wunde rnegative inle t pressure s typica l o fthos e foun d durin g thi s tes t (approximatel y 1 kP a abov e that require d t o sampl e throug h th e sampl e manifol d wit h thre e charcoa l tube s attached) . Thes e pump s ar e designe d t o maintai n flowat
4 8P.6 1

negative inle

t pressure s o

fu p t o 1 0 kP a (4 0 i n H 2 0) . Thi s proble m wa s exacerbate d b y a crac k i n th e tub e o fth e Gilia n Instruments flowcalibrato rtha t prevente d it fro m bein g operate d a t a negative pressure o

fmore tha n 0.2 5 kP a ( 1 in . H 2 0) . Thus , althoug h th e sampl e pump s wer e calibrate d before eac h use , the y coul d no t b e calibrate d wit h th e flo wcalibrato rinserte d int o th e sampl e lin e before eac h charcoa l tube . Th e ne t effect o fthi s wa s t o rende rth e charcoa l tub e dat a take n fro m Novembe r3-5 , 199 2 unusabl e except fo rinformatio n a s t o styren e content . Fortunately , charcoa l tub e sample s take n a t roo fexhaus t vent s durin g th e pretest visi t o n Octobe r1 2 an d afte rtestin g wa s complete d o n Novembe r6 wer e usabl e becaus e fo rthes e measurement s th e sampl e pumps wer e calibrate d fo rflo w unde rth e actua l condition s o fuse . 3.2. 1 Measurement s a t Spray Boot h Exhaus

t Stack s Charcoa l tub e sample s wer e obtaine d at th e exhaust stac k o fge l coat boot h # 2 durin g th e pretes t visi t o n Octobe r13,1992 . Sample s were als o take n at th e exhaust stac k o ffirs t lay-u p boot h # 5 an d secon d lay-u p boot h # 7 o n Novembe r6,1992 . Whil e sample s take n a t th e outle t o fothe rtype s o

f spra y booth s wer e no

t require d t o determin e th e applicabilit y o fth e Polya d F B devic e t o controllin g styren e emission s fro m a gel-coatin g booth , thes e measurement s wer e necessar y t o determin e if styren e emission s fro m th e gel-coatin g operatio n wer e characteristi c o fothe rpart s o

fth e bat h tu b an d showe rstal l manufacturin g process . Also , i fhighe rlevel s o

fstyren e emission s wer e typica l o fothe r part s o fth e manufacturin g process , costs t o instal l an d maintai n a Polya d F B - typ e o fcontro l devic e woul d b e affected . Table s 6 an d 7 summarize th e results o fthes e measurements . Tabl e 6 present s th e sampl e parameters , sprayin g times , an d numbe ro funit s spraye d durin g eac h se t o

frun s an d Tabl e 7 present s average s wit h populatio n standar d deviations , emission s level s o f styren e i n ppm , an d emissio n rate i n k g o fstyren e pe rhou ran d kg o fstyren e pe runit sprayed . Becaus e th e numbe ro fmold s spraye d wer e recorde d durin g eac h perio d o f.sampling , i t wa s possibl e t o determin e a n emissio n rate i n term s o fth e amoun t o

fstyren e emitte d t o th e atmosphere pe rmol d sprayed . Compare d t o styren e emission s rates reporte d i n Tabl e 5 fo rge l coat boot h # 2 o n Novembe r3

- 5 , th e leve l o

fstyren e emission s measure d o n Octobe r1 3 wit h charcoa l sampl e tube s are lower . However , o n Octobe r13 , a t ge l coa t boot h # 2 onl y 44 % o

fth e tim e wa s spen t i n sprayin g (eac h perio d
4 9P.6 2

Tabl e 6 . Samplin g Condition s fo rMeasurement s mad e a t th e Outlet

o fGe l Coat Boot h #2 , Rrs t Lay-U p Boot h # 5 , an d Secon d Lay-U p Boot h #7 , Octobe r- November , 1992 . EP A Metho d 18/NIOS H Metho d 150 1 Sampling . Dat e

10/1 3 11/ 6 Locatio n

Ge l Coa t Booth # 2 Rrs t Lay-U p Boot

h #5 Secon d Lay-U p Boot

h #7 Sample Number s
1 - 6 40-4 2 43-4 5 Star

t Time 13:1 0 08:40 08:40 End Time
14:1 4 09:4 0 09:4 0 Sample Time mi n 6 4 6 0 6 0 Time Spent

Sprayin g mi n % 28.1 7 21.0 8 28.3 3 44. 0 35. 1 47. 2 Number o fUnit s Spraye d 8 1 5 2 7 Average Time to Spra y a Mol d se c 211. 9 ±36. 7 84. 3 ±26. 9 63. 0 ±20. 1



### 5 0P.6 3

Tabl e 7 . Styren e Concentration s Measure d a t th e Outlet o f Ge l Coat Boot h #2 , Firs

t Lay-U p Boot h # 5 , an d Secon d Lay-U p Boot h #7 , Octobe r •November , 1992 . EP A Metho d 18/NIOS H Metho d 150 1 Sampling . Dat e

10/1 3

11/ 6 Locatio n

GC# 2

Average* * FL U # 5 Averag e SLU# 7 Averag e Sampl e

Numbe r
1 * 2 3 4 5 6
4 0 4 1 4 2
4 3 4 4 4 5 Sampl e Volum e liters 16.0 9 13.6 8 16.6 9 13.4 1 14.1 3 13.9 7
16.0 8 15.5 2 15.9 4
7.0 8 6.6 4 7.0 0 Styren e Measure d u g 141. 4 6154. 3 6702. 7 6071. 6 6102. 1 5965. 5
5664. 6 5853. 9 55^. 7
3611. 5 3138. 5 4359. 2 Styren e

Concentratio n pp m 2. 1 105. 7 94. 3 106. 3 101. 4 100. 3 101. 6 ±4. 3 84. 3 90. 2 83. 2 85. 9 ±3. 1 122. 3 113. 4 149. 1 128. 3 ±15. 2 Equivalen t Styren e Emission s kg/h 0.22 11.0 8 9.8 9 11.1 5 10.6 4 10.5 2 10.6 6 ±0.4 5 8.6 8 9.2 9 8.5 7 8.8 5 ±0.3 2 12.5 7 11.6 5 15.3 4 13.1 8 ±1.5 7 kg/Uni t

0.02 9 1.47 8 1.31 9 1.48 7 1.41 9 1.40 3 1.42 1 ±0.06 1 0.57 9 0.61 9 0.57 1 0.59 0 ±0.02 1 0.46 5 0.43 1 0.56 8 0.44 8 ±0.01 7 Styren e

Measure d % >9 9 >9 9 >9 9 >9 9 >9 9 >9 9 N/ A 99.7 6 99.6 9 99.6 5 99.7 0 ±0.0 5 99.6 6 99.7 7 99.8 2 99.7 2 ±0.0 5
Not representative , lea k aroun d tub e Sampl e # 1 not i n average s o r populatio n standar d deviation s



### 5 1P.6 4



### ofsprayin g average d 21 2 seconds)
. As Table s 2 an d 5 show , durin g November , mold s were usuall y spraye d fo r65 % ofan yperio d o fsprayin g activityan d th e averag e perio d o fsprayin g was approximatel y 33 4 second s long
. Thus , styren e emission s measure d fo rOctobe r1 3 ma yb e les s tha n thos e measure d durin g Novembe rbecaus e o fa lowe rproductio n rate
. Fo rstyren e emission s measure d at firs t lay-u p boot h #5 an d secon d lay-u p boot h # 7 exhaust vent s o n Novembe r6 , productio n rate s wer e highe ran d styren e emissio n rate s pe runi t were lowe rtha n tha t observe d fo rth e ge l coatin g operatio n a t an ytime
. I n firs t lay-u p boot h #5 , 1 5 unit s were spraye d ove ra n hou rofsamplin g (8 4 second s o fsprayin g pe runit) wit h a n averag e emissio n rat e of0.5 9 kg/uni t sprayed
. A

t secon d lay-u p boot h #7 , 2 7 units were spraye d ove ra n hou ro fsamplin g (6 3 second s of sprayin g pe runit ) wit h a n averag e emissio n rat e o f0.4 5 kg/uni t sprayed
. Evidentl yth e secon d an d thir d stage s o fmanufacture require shorte rtime s t o complet e tha n doe s th e initia l stag e o fsprayin g wit h ge l coat
. Also , a s Tabl e 6 shows , th e populatio n standard deviatio n fo raverag e tim e t o spraya uni t ca n b e larg e compare d t o th e average . Thes e larg e standard deviation s are almost certainl ydu e t o th e mi xo f unit s spraye d (bat h tub s an d showe rstall s wit h differen t surfac e areas)
. O n a pe runi t basis , styren e emission s ar e lowe rfo rth e last tw o stage s o fmanufacture whic h migh t b e expecte d becaus e th e mi xspraye d i n thes e last two processe s contain s les s styren e monome r tha n th e mi xspraye d i n th e ge l coatin g process . However , o n a n hourl ybasis , a t secon d la

yu p boot h #7 , styren e emission s wer e greate rtha n measure d a t ge l coa t boot h #2 (13. 2 kg/h versu s 10. 7 fo rge l coat boot h #2 an d 8. 9 kg/h fo rfirs t lay-u p boot h #5)
. Compare d wit h th e result s fro m TH C measurements reporte d i n Tabl e 2
. mas s emission s measure d fo rfirs t lay-u p boot h # 5 (8 6 ppm ) an d ge l coa t boot h #2 (102 ppm ) appea rver ylo wcompare d t o th e averag e fo ral l sprayin g a t ge l coa t boot h #2 (12 8 ppm , Tabl e 2 ) whil e mas s emission s measure d fo rsecon d lay-u p boot h # 7 (12 8 ppm ) agre e better
. I n term s o femission s o

fstyren e pe runi t sprayed , th e result s fro m ge l coa

t boot h #2 fro m Octobe r13 , (1.4 2 kg/unit) agre e bette rwit h th e resul t show n i n Tabl e 5 (1.7 1 kg/unit) , especiall ywhe n th e tim e o fsprayin g i s take n int o accoun t (6. 7 g/se co n Octobe r 1 3 versu s 5. 1 g/se cfo rNovembe r3-5)
.

5 2Wit h respect t o th e amoun t o fstyren e presen t i n th e samples , whil e i t wa s onl y verifie d fo rth e sample s take n i n Octobe rtha t styren e wa s th e onl y significan t VO C presen t i n emission s fro m ge l coa t boot h #2 , quantitative determinatio n o fstyren e wa s performe d fo rth e sample s take n i n November . A s Tabl e 6 shows , styren e i s essentiall y th e onl y VO C presen t i n th e boot h exhaust ai ra t th e Elje rfacility . 3.2. 2 Measurement s a t th e Inle t an d Outle

t o fth e Polva d F B Devic e Tabl e 8 summarize s th e results o fmeasurements mad e a t th e inle t o fth e Polya d F B devic e an d Tabl e 9 summarize s th e results o fmeasurement s mad e a t th e outle

t o fth e Polya d F B devic e durin g testin g o n Novembe r3-5,1992 . Becaus e o fth e samplin g problem s discusse d above , Table s 8 an d 9 sho wth e percentag e o

fstyren e an d amoun t o fstyren e collecte d rathertha n concentratio n o fstyren e measured . Table s 8 an d 9 als o includ e average s an d populatio n standar d deviation s fo reac h triplicate se t o fruns . Tabl e 8 shows th e amoun t o fstyren e at th e inle

t o fth e Polya d F B devic e fro m Novembe r3 t o Novembe r5 . Thi s tabl e als o shows th e percentag e o fstyren e measure d at th e inle t a s compare d t o th e tota l amoun t o

fmateria l detected . Whil e thes e number s d o no t indicate a s hig h a percentag e o fstyren e i n th e exhaus t o

fge l coa t boot h # 2 a s wa s reporte d i n Tabl e 7 , a n inspectio n o fth e ga s chromatogram s fo reac h sampl e show n i n Tabl e 8 suggest s that th e sample s were no t contaminate d b

y an y particula r compound . Thes e results als o showth e effect s o fth e malfunctionin g o

fth e sampl e pump . Th e third sampl e i n eac h se t usuall y ha s muc h les s styren e presen t tha n i s presen t i n th e firs t two samples . Tabl e 9 present s th e amoun t o fstyren e at th e outle

t o fth e Polya d F B devic e fro m Novembe r3 t o Novembe r5 an d cleari y shows that th e amoun t o fstyren e i n th e ga s exitin g th e Polya d F B devic e increase d throughou t th e test . Thi s wa s probabl y du e t o th e desorptio n o fnaphthalene-relate d contaminate s fro m previou s testin g wit h th e Polya d F B pilo t unit (seeSectio n 2.3.2) . Thes e sample s als o sho wth e effect s o

fa malfunctionin g sampl e pump . Th e effec t wa s probabl y more drasti c at th e outlet , compare d t o th e inlet , becaus e a highe rsampl e flo wrate wa s used . Flo

wthroug h th e third tub e i n eac h manifol d wa s ver y lo wan d s o littl e styren e wa s detecte d tha t it cannot b e assume d tha t th e amoun t o

fstyren e presen t wa s reliabl y measured . Therefore , thes e sample s wer e exclude d fro m conditio n average s an d populatio n standar d deviations . 5 3P.6 6



### Tabl e 8 . Result

s o fEP A Metho d 18/NIOS H Metho

d 150 1 Sample s Take n a

t th e Inle t o fth e Polya

d F B Device , November3 to November5,199 2 Date 11/ 3 11/ 3 11/ 4 11/ 4 11/ 5 11/ 5 11/ 5 Ru n Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 6 1 7 1 8 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 4 3 5 3 6 Star

t Tim e 10:2 6 13:00 9:05 12:40 8:52 10:25 12:42 End Tim e 11:26 14:0 2 10:0 5 14:1 0 10:0 2 11:30 14:0 2 Styrene % 96.47 96.9 1 97.3 0 97.9 6 97.46 96.7 6 97.3 2 96.9 1 98.1 9 97.3 4 96.9 6 93.8 1 97.3 9 96.9 1 98.75 97.2 6 97.0 4 97.1 4 97.2 6 96.7 1 94.2 4 Styren e

uq 1563. 1 4123. 8 6072. 0 4909. 2 1899. 4 120. 4 5043. 3 1149. 6 33. 0 7614. 2 4019. 4 80. 4 5979. 9 1863. 7 50. 7 4332. 2 1917. 4 38. 5 6988. 4 2708. 9 105. 1 Averag e

Styrene , %* 96.8 9 ±0.3 4 97.3 9 ±0.49 97.4 7 ±0.5 3 96.0 4 ±1.5 8 97.6 8 ±0.7 8 97.1 4 ±0.09 96.0 7 ±1.3 1

±on e populatio n standar d deviatio n

54P.6 7



### Tabl e 9 . Result

s o fEP A Metho d 18/NIOS H Metho

d 150 1 Sample s Take n a

t th e Outle

t o fth e Polya

d F B Device , November3 t

o November5,199 2 Date 11/ 3 11/ 4 11/ 4 11/ 5 11/ 5 11/ 5 Ru n Numbe r 7 8 9* * 1 3 1 4 15** 1 9 2 0 21 t 2 5 2 6 27* * 3 1 3 2 33* * 3 7 3 8 39 " Star

t Tim e 13:00 9:0 5 12:40 8:52 10:25 12:4 2 En d Tim e 14:0 2 10:0 5 14:1 0 10:02 11:30 14:02 Styrene

% 17.67 25.8 3 27.6 9 21.7 8 30.6 1 41.2 9 61.5 2 61.3 9 97.32 69.2 2 69.42 36.5 5 81.1 2 73.3 2 48.7 8 85.87 83.7 8 52.72 Styren e

u g 31. 9 38. 8 3. 4 103. 5 117. 8 5. 1 282. 1 324. 5 78. 2 210. 1 158. 0 7. 2 205. 7 181. 5 7. 3 212. 8 184. 0 11. 3 Average

Styrene , %# 

### 21.75 ±4.0 8 26.1 9 ±4.4 2 61.45 ±0.0 6 69.3 2 ±0.1 0 77.2 2 ±3.9 0 84.83±1.0 4

±on e population standar d deviatio n Too littl e sampl e fo raccurat e determination , exclude

d fro m averag e an d population standar

d deviatio n Inconsisten

t resul t an d smal l styrene sample , exclude d fro m averag e an d population standar

d deviatio n

5 5P.6 8

3. 3 Analysi s o

fRecovere d Solven t Sampl e Afte rtestin g ha d ende d o n Novembe r5 , th e solven t recover y unit i n th e Polya d F B devic e wa s draine d an d 260 0 m l o fliqui d wa s recovered . Thi s liqui d ha d a stron g odor , differen t fro m that o f styrene . Approximatel y 10 0 m l o fthi s liqui d wa s preserve d i n a glas s containe rwit h a Teflo n seale d ca p an d transporte d t o Birmingha m fo ranalysis . A sampl e o

fth e liqui d wa s dilute d wit h carbo n disulfid e (1:100 ) an d subjecte d t o GC-FI D analysi s t o determin e styren e content . It wa s determine d that styren e wa s presen t i n th e sampl e an d wa s th e largest constituent , bu t onl y at a concentratio n o f28. 7 % . Man y othe rhydrocarbon s were present . A secon d sampl e o fth e liqui d wa s subjecte d t o G C analysi s wit h mas s spectrographi c detectio n t o identif

y wha t compound s wer e present . A n NBS-certifie d software librar y wa s use d fo r compoun d identification . Tabl e 1 0 present s th e results o fthi s analysis . A s Tabl e 1 0 shows , onl y two compound s coul d no t b e identified . Th e compound s othe rtha n styren e appea rt o b e contaminatio n fro m th e Polya d F B unit . As note d above , before bein g evaluate d a t Elje rPlumbingware , th e Polya d F B unit ha d bee n teste d a t a chemica l plan t that produce d naphthalene . Th e sampl e recover

y reservoi ri n th e Polya d F B unit wa s no t draine d a t th e en d o

fthat test . Whe n th e Polya d F B uni t wa s prepare d fo rthi s test , th e reservoi rwa s no t draine d no rwa s th e Bonopor e adsorben t changed . Thus , naphthalen e an d naphthalene-relate d VOC' s wer e presen t i n th e Polya d F B uni t at th e star

t o fth e test an d throughou t th e test the y continue d t o b e desorbe d fro m th e Bonopor e adsorbent . 3. 4 Tota l FlowRat e Dat a Followin g th e methodolog y describe d i n Sectio n 2.5.4 , ai rflowinto th e Polya d F B devic e wa s measure d durin g eac h da y o ftesting . Tabl e 1 1 present s th e result s o fthes e measurements . Th e flo w measurement s mad e o n Novembe r3 (a t 14:45 ) an d Novembe r(a t 08:55 ) 5 wer e th e actua l flows use d fo rtesting . O n Novembe r4 , flowrate measurement s wer e mad e a t th e en d o fth e da y (14:45) . Th e flo wrate indicate d a s "Flowfo rTesting " i n Tabl e 1 1 wa s th e flowrate use d durin g that day . Flo wrates wer e measure d a t tw o othe rfa n setting s t o hel p detennin e th e fa n settin g t o b e use d fo rth e fina l da y o f testing . 5 6P.6 9

Tabl e 10 . Compound s Identifie d i n Liqui d Sampl e

Recovere d fro m th e Polya d F B Devic e Compoun d Identified *
Unknow n •1 Styren e Unknow n - 2 Diethy l Benzen e 1, 2 - Diethy l Benzen e 1, 3 - Diethy l Benzen e 2 - Methy l - 2 - Propeny l Benzen e Naphthalen e Bi s ( 2 - Ethylhexyl ) Phthalate Tota l o fCompound s Presen t Percen t Presen t 1.43 9 25.73 7 4.57 8 17.02 8 16.05 2 5.07 1 5.80 9 17.34 2 6.94 4 100.00 0 Amoun t

(ml ) 37. 4 669. 2 119. 0 442. 7 417. 4 131. 9 151. 0 450. 9 180. 5 2600. 0



### 5 7P.7 0

Tabl e 11 . Ro wRat e Measurement s a t th e Inle t o fth e Polya d F B Devic e Dat e an d Tim e
11/3/92,14:4 5
Averag e 11/4/92,14:4 5 (Ro wfo rtesting ) Averag e (Tria l Ro w#1 )
Averag e (Tria l Ro w#2 )
Averag e 11/5/92 , 08:5 5
Averag e Distance fro m

Fa rWal l o

fDuct* c m 1. 3 3. 8 6. 4 8. 9 11. 4 1. 3 3. 8 6. 4 8. 9 11. 4 1. 3 3. 8 6. 4 8. 9 11. 4 1. 3 3. 8 6. 4 8. 9 11. 4 1. 3 3. 8 6. 4 8. 9 11. 4 Rrs t

Travers e m/mi n 259. 1 289. 6 266. 7 228. 6 289. 6 266. 7 304. 8 274. 3 259. 1 292. 6 350. 5 373. 4 342. 9 304. 8 358. 1 388. 6 396. 2 359. 7 335. 3 381. 0 365. 8 335. 3 312. 4 304. 8 358. 1 Secon d Travers e m/mi n N/ A N/ A N/ A N/ A N/ A 281. 9 320. 0 289. 6 274. 3 304. 8 335. 3 373. 4 335. 3 312. 4 365. 8 ' 381. 0 373. 4 335. 3 329. 2 373. 4 350. 5 365. 8 312. 4 304. 8 350. 5 Averag e

Velocit y m/mi n 259. 1 289. 6 266. 7 228. 6 289. 6 266. 7 ±22. 6 274. 3 312. 4 281. 9 266. 7 298. 7 286. 8 ±16. 6 342. 9 373. 4 339. 1 308. 6 362. 0 345. 2 ±22. 2 384. 8 384. 8 347. 5 332. 2 377. 2 365. 3 ±21. 5 358. 1 350. 5 312. 4 304. 8 354. 3 336. 0 ±22. 7 Averag e

RowRate* * m 3 /mi n

4.4 7 ±0.3 8

4.8 1 ±0.2 8

5.7 8 ±0.3 7

6.1 2 ±0.3 6

5.6 3 ±0.3 8 Th e duct diamete rwa s 14.6 1 c m Th e flo wrate use d fo rtestin g appear s i n bol d fac e type .



### 5 8P.7 1



### 3. 5 Styren e Capture d b vth e Polvad F B Device Usin g th e flo wmeasure d durin g eac h da yo ftestin g an d th e tota l tim e o fspraying , i t i s possibl e t o estimat e th e minimu m amoun t o fai rthat passe d throug h th e Polyad F B device whil e styren e was present
. Also , i fi t i s assume d tha t 95 % o fth e styren e tha

t entere d th e Polyad F B uni t was capture d an d completel yrecovere d fro m th e Bonopor e adsorben t an d tha

t th e averag e leve l o

fstyren e presen t i n th e exhaust ai rfro m ge l coa

t boot h # 2 durin g period s o

fsprayin g was 12 8 pp m (fro m Tabl e 2) , the n i t i s possibl e t o estimat e th e maximu m amoun t o fstyren e tha

t shoul d have bee n recovere d b yth e Polya d F B device
. Tabl e 1 2 shows that amoun t t o b e 1. 9 k g o r2. 1 liter

s o fliqui d styrene
. Unfortunately , i t i s no

t possibl e t o reconcil e th e amount o fstyren e tha

t shoul d hav

e bee n recovere d wit h th e amoun t o fstyren e that was recovered
. Thi s i s becaus e afte rtestin g had bee n complete d o n Novembe r4 (fro m 15:00 unti l 18:3 0 whe n th e uni t was powere d down) , an d before testin g wa s starte d o n Novembe r5 (fro m 07:0 0 whe n th e uni t was powere d u p unti l 08:50) , th e retur n ai rlin e fro m th e desorbe rwas vente d t o th e atmosphere (as recorde d i n th e Weatherty , Inc
. Polyad Mobil e Uni t Lo g Boo k fo rth e tes t a

t th e Elje rFacility)
. Th e reaso n give n i n th e Lo g Boo k fo rthi s modificatio n t o th e devic e was : "T o remove residua l sorben t fro m previou s testing. " Thus , a n unknow n amoun t o fstyren e that woul d have bee n otherwis e recovere d was lost
. However , i feve n hal fo

fth e styren e tha

t coul d hav

e bee n collecte d throug h th e whol e test wa s lost , approximatel y50 0 m l o fstyren e liqui d woul d remai n unaccounte d for
. Two explanation s are possible
. First , som e styren e di d remai n o n th e Bonopor e adsorben t a

t th e en d o

fth e test
. Asampl e o

f th e Bonopore adsorben t sen t t o SR I afte rth e test retaine d a strong , styrene-like odor
. Second , becaus e th e recovere d solven t containe ri n th e Polya d F B device i s no t designe d t o b e completel yemptied , som e condense d liqui d ma

yno t hav e bee n recovered
.

5 9P.7 2

Tabl e 12 . Estimate d Styren e Capture i n th e Polya d F B Devic e 

### Dat e
11/ 3
11/ 4
11/ 5
Tota l Sprayin g

Start/Sto p Times 09:04-10:0 1 10:0 1 -11:4 8 12:54 -14:2 1 08:42-10:0 5 10:12-11:5 3 12:19-14:1 5 08:29-10:0 5 10:1 1 -11:4 9 12:19-14:1 4 Polya

d FB Operatio n hour s 0.95 1.4 9 1.2 1 1.25 1.5 4 1.7 2 1.4 2 1.4 8 1.4 3 12.49 Polya

d FB Flo wRat e m 3 

### /mi n 4.47
4.8 1
5.63 Volum

e o fAi r Sample d rn 3 

### 978. 9
1301. 6
1462. 7
3743. 2 Estimat

e o fStyren e Recovered* Liter s 0.5 8
0.76
0.76
2.1 0
Assumin g dail y averag e styren e concentration s fro m Tabl e 2 an d a liqui d styren e densit y o f0.907 4 g/m l



### 60P.7 3

SECTIO N 4 COST S ASSOCIATE D WIT H APPLYIN G TH E POLYA D F B SYSTE M

T O STYREN E REMOVA L

I n tenn s o

fstyren e removal , th e mobil e Polya d F B pilo t unit exhibite d excellen t performance . Base d o n th e results o fthi s evaluation , thi s technology ca n b e expecte d t o easil y meet o rexcee d a 95 % averag e remova l efficiency fo rstyren e entraine d i n air . Whil e suc h performanc e i s excellent , thi s technolog y i s onl y suitabl e i fi t ca n compet e wit h othe rstyren e remova l technologie s o n a cos t basis . Thus , Weatherty , Inc . wa s aske d t o provid e a price quote fo ra Polya d F B syste m suitabl e fo rth e Elje r facility . Pric e quote s were obtaine d fo rtw o Polya d systems . Th e firs t syste m correspond s t o th e configuratio n teste d at Elje rPlumbingware : a n adsorber/desorbe rsyste m wit h solven t recover y (th e Polya d Recovery System) . Th e secon d syste m incorporates a concentrato rrathertha n a desorbe ran d relie s o n incineratio n wit h catalyti c oxidatio n t o dispose o fstyren e capture d i n th e adsorbe r(th e Polya d Concentrato rSystem) . Bot h system s wer e describe d i n Sectio n 2. 3 o fthi s report . Weatherty Inc . certifie s tha t eithe rsyste m wil l meet a guarante e o f95 % styren e remova l an d a maximu m outle t styren e concentratio n of5 ppm . A t th e Elje rfacility , installatio n o feithe rPolya d syste m woul d require th e additio n ofductin g t o th e presen t roof-ven t syste m s o that spray boot h emission s woul d b e directe d t o th e Polya d system . However , thes e pric e quote s di d no t includ e stacks , manifolding , foundations , buildings , o rweathe rprotection . Bot h system s were quote d o n th e sam e desig n basi s wit h a nine-yea rdepreciatio n period . Tabl e 1 3 list s th e desig n assumption s an d pric e quote fo reac h syste m an d Tabl e 1 4 provide s a n equipmen t lis

t fo reac h system . Th e ai rcapacity o f200,00 0 scf m wa s base d o n th e necessit y o f accommodatin g th e outpu t fro m al l o fth e 1 4 availabl e spray booth s operatin g nea rthei rrate d capacity o f14,50 0 acfm . A n averag e inle t emission s leve l o

f11 0 pp m o

fstyren e wa s assume d an d th e temperatur e o

fth e ai renterin g th e Polya d unit wa s assume d t o b e 30 * C (86 * F) .



### 6 1P.7 4

Tabl e 13 . Desig n Assumption s an d Pric e Quote s fo rth e Polya d Concentrato rSyste m

an d th e Polya d Recover y Syste m fo rth e Elje rFacilit y DESIG N ASSUMPTION S Ai rCapacit y Inlet Temperatur e Inlet Styren e Concentratio n Outlet Styren e Concentratio n Tota l Syste m Efficienc y Operatio n Hour s ofOperatio n pe rYea r Perio d o fDepreciatio n Cos t ofElectrica l Powe r Cos t o fNatura l Ga s Cos t o fStea m Cos t ofBonopore Adsorben t 3.00 0 

### 86 11 0 

### 5 >9 5 

### 1 200 0 

### 9 0.0 4 1.5 0 2.0 0 21.0 0 scf m 

### * F ppm pp m Maximu m 

### % shift/day hour s year s $/kW h $/MMBt u $/1000l b $/l b
POLYA D RECOVER YSYSTEM * Installe d Cos t Tota l Cos t Utility Consumptio n Electrica l Powe r Stea m Coolin g Wate r Bonopore Adsorben t 5,000,000.0 0 1828.0 0 29.3 2 

### 69 0 595 

### 82 480 0 

### $

$/tono f $/scf m 

### kWh lb/hou r gal/mi n lb/yea r $/to n o fstyren e remove d (ove r9 yea rlife)

POLYA D CONCENTRATO R SYSTEM " Installe d Cos t Tota l Cos t Utility Consumptio n 2,340,000.0 0 886.0 0 14.2 1 $/to n o

fstyren e remove d (ove r9 yea rlife) $/scf m (ove r9 yea rlife)
Electrica l Powe r Natura l Ga s Instrumen t Ai r Bonopore Adsorben t 69 0 kW h 0.0 5 10 6 Btu/hou r 8 0 psi g 120 0 lb/yea r Delivery 8 month s afte rreceipt o forder . No

t include d i n th e syste m pric e o requipmen t lis

t i s a stack , manifolding , foundations , buildings , o rweatherprotection .



### 62P.7 5

Tabl e 14 . Equipmen t Lis t an d Dimension s fo rLarg e Component s fo rPolya d System s Suitabl e fo rInstallatio n a t th e Elje rFacilit

y POLYA D RECOVER YSYSTEM * 

### Quantit yEquipmen t Descriptio n Fppt Prin t
1 6 f t x4 0 f t
14ftx14f t 

### 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 Rlte rUni t

Rui d Be d Adsorbe rUnit Cyclon e Mai n Fa n Movin g Be d Desorbe rUni t Transpor t Fa n Condense rUni t Fa n Styren e Condense rUni t Styren e Recover

y Tan k Wate rChille r Stati c Separato r Necessar

y pipes an d valve s betwee n units Electrica l an d Instrumenta l Equipmen t Bonopor e fo rInitia l Rilin g POLYA D CONCENTRATO R SYSTEM *

Quantity Equipmen t Descriptio n Foo t Prin t 16ftx40f t

8 f t x8. 3 f t 2 5 f t x1 4 f t 

### 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Rlte rUni t

Rui d Be d Adsorbe rUni t Cyclon e Mai n Fa n Rui d Be d Desorbe rUni t Desorbe rUni t Catalyti c Oxidize rUnit Necessary pipe s an d valve s betwee n units Electrica l an d Instrumenta l Equipmen t Bonopor e fo rInitia l Rilin g Not include d i n th e syste m pric e o requipmen t lis t i s a stack , manifolding , foundations , buildings , o rweathe rprotection .



### 6 3Th e Polya d Recover y Syste m i s identica l i n functio n t o th e Polya d mobil e unit teste d at Elje r Plumbingware . I n orde rt o recove rstyren e monomer , ho t styrene-lade n ai rfro m th e movin g be d desorbe ri s passe d throug h a solven t recover y unit where styren e i s condense d an d directe d t o a solven t recovery tank . Recovere d solven t ca n b e disposed o fo rreused . N o attempt wa s mad e t o estimat e ho

wcost saving s fro m solven t reus e affect overal l syste m cost becaus e i t may no t b e possibl e t o us e th e recovere d styren e monome rwithout distillation . I n thei rquote fo rth e PRS , Weatherty , Inc . note d tha t styren e ha s a tendency t o discolo rdurin g recover y an d i n mos

t case s require s distillatio n befor e i t can b e reused . Thi s syste m wa s price d a t $5,000,000.0 0 (installed) . Depreciate d ove ra nin e yea rlifetime , tota l cost (installatio n plu s operation ) i s $29.32/scf m o r$1828/to n o fstyren e removed . I t i s possibl e t o estimat e th e magnitud e o fsaving s that woul d b e realize d fro m th e recover y o f styren e ove ra nine-yea rlifetim e fo rth e Polya d Recover y System . I n Apri l o

f1993 , Mr . Rolli e Nage l a t Elje rPlumbingwar e reporte d that Eljer' s curren t cos t fo rstyren e wa s $0.68/lb , no t includin g shippin g o r handlin g costs . A

t a n averag e inle

t concentratio n o

f11 0 ppm , syste m flowrate o f200,00 0 scfm , an d 200 0 hou rwor k

year , i n a perio d o

f9 years , approximatel y 304 8 ton s o fstyren e woul d b e recovered , assumin g 95 % recovery . Presumin g that 75 % o fthi s styren e coul d b e reused , withou t escalatin g th e cost ofstyrene , a saving s o fapproximatel y $3,109,00 0 woul d b e realized . I fth e cost o fstyren e escalate d a t 2.5 % pe ryear , th e saving s woul d b e approximatel y $3,437,00 0 ove rnin e years . I t shoul d b e note d tha t thi s estimat e o fsaving s doe s no

t includ e capita l o roperatin g cost s o fredistillin g styren e (i f needed) , cost s associate d wit h disposin g o fspoile d o runusabl e recovere d styrene , o rmanhou rsaving s realize d fro m th e handlin g an d storag e o fles s fres h styren e monomer . Wha t thi s simpl e analysi s doe s indicate , however , i s tha t solven t recover y ma y b e cos

t effective . Th e Polya d Concentrato rSyste m use s th e sam e typ e o ffluidize d be d adsorbe ra s wa s teste d i n th e Polya d F B pilo

t unit . However , rathertha n coolin g ho t ai rfro m th e desorbe rt o condens e styren e a s wa s don e i n th e pilo

t unit , ho t styrene-lade n ai rfro m th e desorbe r(where styren e emission s ar e concentrate d b y a facto ro f11.8 ) i s sen t t o a catalyti c oxidize rt o b e bumed . Flowt o th e catalyti c oxidize ri s 17,00 0 acf m an d becaus e th e styren e ha s bee n concentrated , combustio n i s sel fsupportin g withi n th e oxidizer . Natura l ga s i s require d t o star t ignitio n an d maintai n a pilo t light . Thi s syste m wa s 6 4P.7 7



### price d at $2,340,000.0 0 (installed)
. Depreciate d ove ra nin e yea rlifetime , tota l cost (installatio n plu s operation ) i s $14.21/scf m o r$886/to n o fstyren e removed
. Weatherty , Inc
. als o provide d additiona l cost informatio n fo rbot h type s ofPolyad systems
. Thi s cos t infonnatio n i s show n i n Rgure s 2 1 an d 22
. Rgure 2 1 shows tota l cost (fo ra nin e yea roperatin g life ) i n $/to n o fstyren e remove d a s a functio n ofstyren e concentratio n at th e inlet fo rtw o inlet flo wrates: 20,00 0 an d 60,00 0 scfm
. Rgure 2 2 als o shows tota l syste m cost (fo ra nin e yea roperatin g life ) bu t i n term s of$/scf m a s a functio n ofth e sam e inlet styren e concentration s fo rth e sam e tw o inlet flo wrates. O n bot h figure s tota l cost informatio n fo rth e propose d 200,00 0 scf m Elje rPolya d syste m i s show n at a n inle t styren e concentratio n o f11 0 ppm .



### 6 5

### 95 % Styren e Remova l

T J C D 

### > o E C D CC C D 

### c C D 

### O O 

### c 

# I l o o O "c o



### Inlet Styren e Concentration , pp m

Rgur e 21 . Tota l syste m cost a s $/to n o fstyren e remove d fo ra nin e yea r lifetim e fo rvariou s inle t concentration s o

fstyrene . Dat a fo r20,00 0 an d 60,00 0 scf m inle

t flowrates ar e show n alon g wit h value s fo rth e 200,00 0 scf m syste m propose d fo rElje rPlumbingware



### 6 6P.7 9

O


### c n o O 7 0

6 0

5 0

4 0



### « 3 0 

## " 5 I - 

### 2 0

1 0



### 10 ' 95 % Styren e Remova l

-o --O

### 20,00 0 scfm Inle

t Flo wRate 60,00 0 scfm Inle

t Flo wRate 200,00 0 scfm , Elje rFacilit y .

Polyad Recover

y Syste m

Polya d Concentrato r Syste m '• » «...-»—.|—.|—+ •



### 10 ' 10 * 

### Inle t Styren e Concentration , pp m

Rgur e 22 . Tota l system cos t a s $/scfm o

finle t fiowrate fo ra nin e yea r fifetime fo rvariou s inle t concentrations o

fstyrene . Data fo r20,00 0 an d 60,00 0 scfm inle

t flo wrates ar

e show n alon g with value

s fo rth e 200,00 0 scfm syste m propose d fo rElje rPlumbingwar

e

6 7P.8 0

SECTIO N 5 SUMMAR YAN D CONCLUSION S

Th e purpos e o

fthi s study wa s t o evaluat e th e Polya d an d Chemtact processe s fo rcontrollin g styren e emission s at a representativ e fiberglas s showe rstal l an d bat h tu b manufacturin g plant . Becaus e th e Chemtac t unit coul d no t b e mad e availabl e withi n th e tim e fram e allotte d fo rthi s work , onl y th e Polya d proces s wa s evaluated . Th e Polya d proces s wa s evaluate d wit h th e ai d o fa small , transportabl e Polya d F B (fluidize d bed ) unit supplie d b y Weatherty , Inc. , wh o i s responsibl e fo rdomesti c marketin g an d sale s o

fth e Polya d process . Th e evaluatio n wa s earne d ou t fro m Novembe r3 - 5,199 2 a t th e Elje rPlumbingware facilit y locate d i n Wilson , NC . Th e Polya d proces s uses successive bed s o fa proprietar

y regenerat e adsorben t (Bonopore® ) tha t ar e fluidize d b y incomin g solvent-lade n air . Clea n ai ri s exhauste d t o th e atmosphere fro m th e last be d throug h a cyclon e (t o recove rbe d material) . Adsorben t i s continuall y remove d fro m th e fluidize d beds , heate d t o evolve adsorbe d solvent , an d returne d t o th e fiuidized beds . Solven t i s evolve d fro m th e be d materia l i n a vertica l movin g be d desorbe ran d recovere d i n a separat e water-coole d condenser. . Testin g o

fth e Polya d F B pilo

t unit wa s complicate d by th e fact that just befor e thi s evaluatio n th e Polya d F B uni t wa s operate d a t a chemica l plan t t o remov e naphthalen e fro m a contaminate d ai r stream . Unfortunately , a t th e conclusio n o fthat test , th e unit wa s no t cleane d an d residua l naphthalen e an d naphthalene-relate d compound s wer e no t desorbe d fro m th e Bonopore adsorben t i n th e unit . Nevertheless , th e Polya d F B devic e demonstrate d tha t th e Polya d proces s coul d achieve styren e remova l efficiencie s o f99% . Afte rth e firs

t da y o ftesting , whe n mold s wer e bein g spraye d th e uni t operate d a t a styren e remova l efficiency o f94 % o rgreater . Durin g th e last da y o ftesting , whe n mos t o fth e naphthalen e fro m th e last serie s o ftest s ha d bee n evolved , th e Polya d F B uni t achieve d a n averag e styren e remova l efficiency o f95.4 % (96.6 % whil e mold s wer e bein g sprayed) . Th e possibilit

y exist s that greate rstyren e remova l efficiencie s coul d hav e bee n reached . A n enginee ra t Weatherty , Inc . indicate d that th e lowest availabl e Bonopore mas s flo wrate fo rth e Polya d 

### 6 8P.8 1



### styren e monome rhas a relativel yhig h boilin g poin t (146*C ) an d a longe rresidenc e tim e i n th e adsorptio n uni t an d th e desorptio n uni t (lowe rflo wrate) woul d have resulte d i n greate rsolven t recover y an d highe roveral l efficiency
. I n additio n t o th e evaluatio n o fth e Polyad process , i t was possibl e t o quantif ystyren e emission s i n th e sprayboot h exhaust t o whic h th e Polyad F B device was connecte d an d fro m th e exhausts o ftw o othe rspraybooth s at th e Elje rFacility
. Thes e measurements showe d that styren e was th e onl yvolatil e organi ccompoun d presen t i n th e spra yboot h exhausts a

t thi s facilityan d that tim e average d concentration s o

fstyren e ranged fro m 85 t o 15 0 ppm .

6 9P.8 2

FORMULA

: Tabl e 1 M.U. : Tabl e 1 

### HYDROCAR80NS . AROMATI C NETHOO : iio l ISSUED : 2/15/8 4
OSHA , NIOSH , ACGIH : Tabl e2 PROPERTIES : Tabl e 5 COHPOUNOS : (Synonym s i n Tabl e 1 ) benzen e

p-tert-buty 1 to1uen e cunem e ethylbenzen e o-methylstyren e

naphthalen e styren e

toluen e viny l toluen e

xylen e
SAMPLIN G SAMPLER : SOLI D SORBEN TTUB E (coconu t shel l charcoal , 10 0 mg/5 0 mg ) FLO WRATE , VOLUME : Tabl e 3 SHIPTOT : n o specia l precaution s SAMPL E STA8ILITY : no t determine d BLANKS : 2 t o 1 0 fiel d blank s per se t BUL KSAMPLE : desirable , 1 t o 1 0 mL ; shi p i n

separat e container s fro m sample s
ACOSWC

Y RANG E STUDIED , BIA S an d OVERAL L PRECISIO N (s r ) : Tabl e 3 MEASUREMEN T TECHNIQUE : GA

S CHROMATOGRAPHY . FI D ANALYTES : hydrocarbon s liste d abov e DESORPTION : 1 mL CS 2 ; stan d 3 0 mi n INJECTIO N VOLUME : S u L TEMPERATURE-INJECTION : 22 S ° C

-DETECTOR : 22 5 ° C -COLUMN : se e ste p 1 1 CARRIE R GAS : ( ^ o rHe , 2 5 mL/mi n COLUMN : glass , 3. 0 m x2 mn , 10 1 OV-27 5 o n

100/12 0 mes h Chromosor b W-A U o requivalen t CALIBRATION : analyte s i n CS 2 RAN S AM

) PRECISIO N (s,.) : Tabl e 4 ESTIMATE

D LOO : 0.00 1 t o 0.0 1 m g per sampl e wit h capillar y colu m Cl ] APPLICABILITY : Thi s method i s fo rpeak , ceilin g an d TV M determination s o farcmati c hydrocarbon s I t ma y b e use d fo rsimultaneou s measurements , thoug h ther e i s th e possibilit y tha t interaction s betwee n analyte s ma y reduc e th e breakthroug h vo l tine s and chang e desorptio n efficiencies . INTERFERENCES : Use o fth e recomnended colu m wil l preven t interferenc e by alkane s (£CIQ) . Unde rcondition s o fhig h huhidity , th e breakthroug h volume s ma y b e reduce d by a s muc h a s 501 . Othe rvolatil e organi c solvents , e.g. , alcohols , ketones , ether s an d halogenate d hydrocarbons , ar e possibl e interferences . I finterferenc e i s suspected , us e a les s polar'colu m o rchang e colum n temperature . OTHE R METHODS : Thi s method i s base d o n an d supercede s Method s P8CA H 127 , benzene , styrene , toluen e an d xylen e [2] ; S311 , benzen e [4] ; S22 , p-tert-but v1 t o 1 uen e [3] ; S23 , cunen e [3] ; S29 , ethylbenzen e [3] ; S26 , a-methylstyren e [3] ; S292 , naphthalen e [4] ; S30 , styren e [3] ; S343 , toluen e I**] ; S2S . vinyltoluen e C31 ; S318 . xylen e C41 . \

2/15/8 4 1501- 1 

### 71P.8 3

HYDROCARBONS . AROMATI C HETHOO : 150 1 REAGENTS : 1 . Eluent : Carbo ndisulfide* , chromatographi c qualit y containing (optional ) suitabl e interna l standard . 2 . Analytes , reagen t grade * 3 . Nitroge no r heliun , purifie d 4 . Hydrogen , prepurified . 5 . Air , filtered . 6 . Naphthalen e calibratio nstoc k solution . 0.4 0 g/m

L i nCS 2 .
*Se e Specia l Precautions . EQUIPMENT : 1 . Sampler : glas s tube . 7 c m long , 6 am

00 , 4 mnID , flame-seale dends , containing tw o section s o f activate d(60 0 "C

Jcoconu t shel l charcoa l (fron t s 10 0 mg , bac k» 5 0 mg ) separatedb y a 2-m m urethan e foa m plug . A

silylate dglas s woo l plug precede s th e fron t sectio

nan da 3-a m urethan e foa

m plu g follow s th e bac ksection . Pressur e dropacros s th e tub e a t 1 L/mi nairflo

w ous t b e les s than3. 4 kPa . Tube s ar e comerciall y

available . 2 . Persona l samplin

g pumps , 0.0 1 t o 1 L/mi n (Tabl e 3) , wit hflexibl e connecting tubing . 3 . Ga s chromatograph , FID , integrator , an dcolu m (pag e 1501-1) . 4 . Vials , glass , 1-mL , wit hPTFE-line dcaps . 5 . Pipet , 1-mL , an

dpipe t bulb . 6 . Syringes , 5- , 10- , 25 - an d100-uL . 7 . Volumetri c flasks , 10-mt . SPECIA L PRECAUTIONS

: Carbo n disulfid e i s toxi c an d extremel y flammable (flas h poin t •-3 0 a C) ; benzen e i s a suspec

t carcinogen . Prepar

e sample s an d standard s i n a well-ventilate d hood .
SAMPLING : 1 . Calibrat e eac h persona l samplin g punp wit h a representativ e sampleri n line . 2 . Brea k

th e end s o fth e sample rinnediately before sampling . Attac h samplert o persona l samplin g pui p wit h flexibl e tubing . 3 . Saopl e a t a n accuratel y know n flo wrat e between 0.0 1 and 0. 2 L/mi n (t o 1 L/mi n fb r naphthalen e o rstyrene ) fo ra tota l sample siz e a s show n i n Tabl e 3 . 4 . Ca p th e sampler

s wit h plasti c (no t rubber ) cap s an d pack securel y fo rshipment . SAMPL E PREPARATION : 5 . Plac e th e fron t an d bac k sorbent section s o fth e samplertube i n separate vials , th e glas s wool an

d foa m plugs . 6 . Ad d 1. 0 m . eluen t t o eac h vial . Attac h crim p ca p t o each via l innediately . 7 . Allo wt o stan d a t least . 30 mi n wit h occasiona l agitation . Oiscard

CALIBRATION AN

O QUALIT YCONTROL

: 8 . Calibrat e dail y wit h a t leas t fiv e workin g standard s ove rth e appropriat e range (ca . 0.0 1 t o 1 0 m g analyt e pe rsample ; se e Tabl e 4) . a . Add know

n amount s o fanalyt e (calibratio n stoc k solutio n fb rnaphthalene ) t o eluen t i n 10-m L volumetri c flask s an d dilut e t o th e mark

. b . Analyz e togethe rwit h sample s an d blank

s (step s 11 , 1 2 and 13) . c . Prepar e calibratio n grap h (pea k are a o fanalyt e vs . m g analyte) .

2/15/8 4 1501-2


### 72P.8 4

METHOO : 1SQ 1 HYOROCARBONS . AROMATI C 9 . Determin e desorptio n efficienc y (DE) a t leas t onc e fo reac h batc h o fcharcoa l use d fo r samplin g i n th e calibratio n rang e (ste p 8) . Prepar e thre e tube s a t eac h o ffiv e level s plu s thre e medi a blanks . a . Remov

e an d discar d bac k

sorben t sectio n o fa medi a blan k sampler . b . Injec t a know

n amoun t o fanalyt e (calibratio n stoc k solutio n fo rnaphthalene ) directl y ont o fron t sorben t sectio n wit h a microlite rsyringe . c . Cap th e tube . Allo wt o stan d overnight . d . Oesor b (step s 5 throug h 7) an d analyz e togethe rwit h workin g standard s (step s 11 , 1 2 an d 13) . e . Prepar e a grap h o ft £vs . m g analyt e recovered . 10 . Analyz e thre e qualit y contro l blin d spike s an d thre e analys t spike s t o insur e tha t th e calibratio n grap h an d O E grap h ar e i n control . MEASUREMENT

: 11 . Se t ga s chranatograp h accordin g t o manufacturer' s reconnendation s an d t o condition s give n o n pag e 1501-1 . Selec t appropriat e colum n temperature : Approximate Retentio n Tim e (min) . a t Indicate d Colum n Temperatur e Substance * benzen e toluen e xylen e (para ) ethylbenzen e xylen e (meta ) cumene xylen e (ortho ) styren e a-methy1styren e vinyltoluen e (meta ) naphthalen e 5 0 » C 2. 5 4. 3 7. 0 7. 0 7. 2 B. 3 1 0 1 6 10

0 " C
1. 1 1. 4 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 1. 9 2. 6 3. 2 3. 8 2 5 15

0 " C

1. 0 1. 2 4. 3 Programed 0

2. S 4. 2 5. 2 5. 5 5. 6 6. 0 6. S 7. 6 8. 1 

## a. s 1 2 *0at a no t availabl e fo rp-tert-buty l to l uen e an d g-viny l to l uene . temperatur e program : 5 0 * C fo r3 min , the n 1 5 "C/mi n t o 20 0 *C . NOTE : Alternatively , colu m an d temperatur e ma y b e take n fro m Tabl e 4 . 12 . Injec t sampl e aliquo t manuall y usin g solven t flus h techniqu e o rwit h autosampler . NOTE : I fpea k

are a i s abov

e th e linea rrang e o fth e workin g standards , dilut e wit h eluent , reanalyz e an d appl y th e appropriat e dilutio n facto ri n calculations . 13 . Measur e pea k

area . CALCULATIONS : 14 . Oetermin e th e mass , m g (correcte d fo rOE

) o fanalyt e foun d i n th e sampl e fron t (Uf ) an d bac k (wt, ) sorben t sections , an d i n th e averag e medi a blan k fron t (Bf ) an d bac k (B^ ) sorben t sections . NOTE : I fW

g > Mf/10 , repor t breakthroug h an d possibl e sampl e loss .

.2/15/8 4 1501- 3



### 7 3P.8 5

HYDROCARBONS . AROMATI C HETHOO : 1SQ1 15 . Calculat e concentration , C , o f analyt e i nth e ai r volum

e sampled , V

(L) :

r ,tw f cl^.gf-yiO ' mg/ n

V EVALUATION O

F METHOD: Precision s an d biase s Uste d i n Tabl e 3 wer e determine d b

y analyzin g generate d atmosphere s containin g one-half , one , an d tw o time s th e OSH

A standard . Generate d concentration s were independentl y verified . Breakthroug h capacitie s wer e determine d i n dr y air . Storag e stabilit y was no t assessed . Measuremen t precision s give n i n Tabl e 4 were determine d b y spikin g samplin g medi a wit h amounts correspondin g t o one-half , one , an d tw o time s th e OSH

A standard fo rnomina l a i rvolumes . Oesorptio n efficiencie s fo rspike d samplers containin g onl y on e ccmpoun d exceede d 751 . Referenc e [12 ] provide s mor e specifi c information . REFERENCES : [1 ] Use rcheck . UBTL . NIOSH Sequenc e #4121- S (unpublished , Decembe r7 , 1983) . [2 ] NIOS H Manua l o fAnalytica l Methods , 2nd . ed. . V . 1 , PSCA M 127 , U.S . Departmen t o fHealth , Education , an d Welfare . Publ . (NIOSH ) 77-1S7-A (1977) . C3 ] Ibid . v . 2 , S22 . S23 . S25 . S26 . S29 . S30 , U.S . Departmen t o fHealth , Education , an d Welfare . Publ . (NIOSH ) 77-157- 8 (1977) . [4 ] Ibid , V . 3 , S292 , S311 , S318 , S343 , U.S . Departmen t o fHealth , Education , an d Welfare , Publ . (NIOSH ) 77-157- C (1977) . [5 ] R . 0 . Oreisbach . "Physica l Propertie s o fChemica l Compounds" ; Advances i n Chemistry Series , No . IS ; America n Chemica l Society , Washingto n (1955) . [6 ] Code o fFedera l Regulations ; Titl e 2 9 (Labor) , Part s 190 0 t o 1910 ; U.S . Government Printin g Office , Washingto n (1980) ; 2 9 CF R 1910.1000 . [7].Updat e Criteri a an d Reconmendation s fo ra Revise d 8enzen e Standard , U.S . Departmen t o f Health , Education , an d welfare , (August 1976) . [8 ] Criteri a fo ra Reconnende d Standard....Occupationa l Exposure t o Toluene , U.S . Departmen t o fHealth , Education , an d Welfare , Publ . (NIOSH) 73-1102 3 (1973) . [9 ] Criteri a fo ra Reconnende d Standard—Occupationa l Exposure t o Xylene , U.S . Departmen t o f Health , Education , an d Welfare , Publ . (NIOSH) 75-I6 B (1975) . [10 ] TLV

s - Threshol d Limi t Value s fo rChemica l Substances an d Physica l Agent s M I th e Wor k Environmen t wit h Intende d Change s fo r1983-84 . ACGIH , Cincinnati , O H (1983) . [11 ] Criteri a fo ra Reconnende d Standard...Occupationa l Exposur e t o Styrene , U.S . Departmen t o f Healt h an d Huna n Services , Publ . (NIOSH ) 83-11 9 (1983) . [12 ] Documentatio n o fth e NIOSH Validatio n Tests , S2 , S23 , S2S , S26 , S29 , S30 , S292 , S311 , S318 , S343 , U.S . Departmen t o fHealth , Education , an d Welfare ; Publ . (NIOSH ) 77-18 5 (1977) . HETH0 0 REVISE D BY : R . Ala n Lunsford , Ph.0. , an d Juli e R . Okenfuss ; base d o n result s o fNIOS H

Contrac t CDC-99-74-45 .

2/15/8 4 1501- 4

7 4HSTHOO : 150 1 HY0R0CAR8ONS. AROMATI C

Tabl e 1 . Synonyms , formula , molecula rweight , propertie s [5] . Molec - Boilin g Vapo rPressur e Oensit y Eapirica l ula rPoin t 9 2 5 a C 9

2 0 ° C Name/Synonym s benzen e CA S J71-43- 2 p-tert-buty 1 to1uen e CA S i»98-51- 1 Structur e 

# © -CH 1 -tert-but y 1 -4-meth y 1 benzen e cunen e CA S J98-82- 3 isopropylbenzen e ethylbenzen e CA S 0100-41- 4 

# <0 K <0 K
a-meth y 1 styren e g) S / CA S #98-83- 9 >C^\ ^ i sopropeny1benzen e (1-meth y 1 ethen y 1)-benzen e naphthalen e CAS.#91-20- 3 styren e CA S *100-42- 5 vinylbenzen e toluen e CA S #108-88- 3 methylbenzen e 

# e © Q-% ©-
vinyltoluene 1 * —^)S— — CA S #25013-15- 4 ^C^\ ^ methy l styren e (o,-viny l toluene ) methy1vinylbenzen e xylene c CA S #1330-20- 7 dimethylbenzen e 

# -o - (^-xylene ) Formul a

CftH s

C 11 H 1 6

^ 1 2


### Vl O
•^I O

Cl0" 8 CgH g

C7« 8

C9"1 0

CgHi o Weigh t

78.1 1
148.2 5

120.2 0

106.1 7
118.1 8

128.1 8
104.1 5

92.1 4

118.1 8 (meta ) (para ) (ortho )
106.1 7 (ortho ) (meta ) (para ) (°C )

80. 1
192. 8

152. 4

136. 2
165. 4

80..2 *
145. 2

110. 6

167. 7 171. 6 172. 8 169. 8

144. 4 139. 1 138. 4 (m

m Hq) 95. 2
0. 7

4. 7

9. 6
2. S

0. 2
6. 1

28. 4

1. 6 1. 9 1. 8 1. 8

6. 7 a . 4 8. 8 

### ikPa i 12. 7
0.0 9

0.6 2

1.2 8
0.3 3

0.0 3
0.8 1

3.7 9

0 . 2 0.2 6 0.2 4 0.2 4

0.8 9 1.1 2 1.1 8 (q/m p

0.87 9
0.86 1

0.86 2

0.86 7
0.91 1

1.02 5
0.90 6

0.86 7

0.89 8 0.91 1 0.91 1 0.90 4

0.88 O 0.86 4 0.86 1 Sitin g point . bcannercia l mixtur e o f met a an d par a isomers . CHixtur e o f isomers .

.2/15/8 4 1.501-5

7 5P.8 7

HYOROCARBONS . AROMATI C Tabl e 2 . Permissibl e exposur e
Substanc e benzen e p-tert-buty 1 to1uen e cunen e ethylbenzen e a-methy1styren e naphthalen e styren e toluen e vinyltoluen e xylen e TW A 1 0 1 0 S O 10 0 1 0 10 0 20 0 10 0 10 0 limit s OSH A C 2 5 (skin ) 10 0 200 30 0 , , ppm
Pea k 50 *

600 ° 500 * 

### C6-H] . NIOS H

TW A C 1

S O 10 0 10 0 10 0 200 * 200 * TL

V ACGI H STE L 10* * 25* * 1 0 5 0 100 

## s o 1 0 5 0 100 5 0 10 0 2 0 75 (skin ) I S 10 0 I S 10 0 IS O (skin ) 10 0 15 0 HETHOO : 150 1

mg/nt * pe r DO T 3.1 9 S.0 6 4.9 1 4.3 4 4.8 3 5.2 4 4.2 6 3.7 7 4.8 3 4.3 4 d Maximu n duratio n 1 0 mi n i n 8 hr . ^Maximu m duratio n S mi n i n an y 3 hr . **ACGIH : suspec t carcinoge n [10] . * 10-mi n sample .
Tabl e 3 . Sanplin g flowrate* , volune , capacity , range , overal l bia s an d precisio n [3,4,12] .

Substanc e
benzen e p-tert-but y 1 t o 1 uen e cunen e ethylbenzen e a-methy1styren e naphthalene 4 styren e toluen e vinyltoluen e xylen e . Flowrat e (L/min )
S0.2 D £0.2 0 £0.2 0 £0.2 0 £0.2 0 41. 0 £1. 0 £0.2 0 £0.2 0 £0.2 0 Samplin g

Volum e (L ) V0L-N0M 

### 29 1 0 1 0 1 0 3* * 20 0 S 9 

### 29 1 0 1 2 VOL-MKX0

3 0 2 9 3 0 2 4 3 0 20 0 1 4 8 2 4 2 3 Breakthroug h

Volum e 9 Concentratio n (L )
>4 S 4 4 X S 3 S >4 S >24 0 2 1 1 2 3 6 35 (mg/m 3 )

14 9 11 2 48 0 91 7 94 0 8 1 171 0 229 4 95 2 87 0 Rang e

a t VOL-MO M (mg/nH )

4 2 - 16 5 2 9 - 11 9 120 - 48 0 222 - 88 4 236 - 94 3 19 - 8 3 426-171 0 548-219 0 256 - 97 0 218 - 87 0 Overal l

Bia s 

### C W
0. 8 -10. 4 4. 6 -8. 1 -10. 8 -0. 5 -10. 7 3. 8 -9. 5 -2. 1 Precisio n

<Sr >
0.05 9 0.071 * 0.05 9 0.089 d 0.061 d 0.05 5 0.058 * 0.0S 2 0.061 * 0.06 O Minimu n reconnende

d flowi s 0.0 1 L/min . ^Approximatel y two-third s th e breakthroug h volune , excep t fo rnaphthalene . ClO-mi n sample . ^Correcte d value , calculate d frc m dat a i n Referenc e 12 . ©Naphthalen e show

s poo rdesorptio n efficienc y a t lo wloading ; 100- L minimu n volun e i s reconnended . ^15-mi n sample . 95-mi n sanple .

2/15/8 4 1501- 6

7 6P.8 8

METHOO : 150 1 HYDROCARBONS . AROMATI C Tabl e 4 . Measuremen t range , precisio nan dconditions * [3,4,12] .

Substanc e benzen e p-tert-buty 1 to1uen e cunen e ethylbenzen e a-methy 1 styren e naphthalen e styren e toluen e vinyltoluen e xylen e Desorptio n Volun e (mL ) 1. 0 O. S 

## o. s 0. 5 O.S 1. 0 O. S 1. 0 0. 5 1. 0 Measurement

Range Precisio n (mg) 0.09 - Q.3S 0.27 - 1.0 9 0.86 - 3.4 6 2.17-8.6 7 0.69 - 3.5 7 4.96-19. 7 2.17-8.4 9 1.13 - 4.5 1 2.41 - 9.6 4 2.60-10. 4 <Sr >

0.03 6 0.021 * 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 1 0.01 9 0.013 * 0.01 1 0.00 8 0.01 0 Carrie r

Flow (mL/min ) S O 5 0 S O S O S O 30 S O 50 S O S O C

o t 

### C O 11 5 11 5 99 8 5 11 5 1.2 5 10 9 15 5 12 0 18 0 lum n Parameters 0 Lengt h (m ) 0. 9 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 0. 9 3. 0 0. 9 Packing 0

A B . B B B C 

### a 0 B 0 ^Injectio nvolume , 5. 0 uL ; nitroge ncarrie r gas . °A1 1 co l m m

stainles s steel , 3. 2 a m outsid e diameter . CA . SO/8 0 mes hPorapa kP ; 3 , 10 1 FFA P o n80/10 0 mes hChronosorbW AW-OMCS ; C , 10 XOV-10 1 o n100/12 0 mes hSupelcoport ; 0 , SO/8 0 mes hPorapa kQ . ^Correcte dvalue , calculate dfro m dat a i n[12] .

2/1.5/8 4 1501- 7 

## 7 7P.8 9



### APPENDI XB QUALIT YCONTRO L EVALUATIO N REPORT

78P.9 0

SUMMAR Y A Quality Assuranc e Project Pla n (QAPP ) wa s writte n an d approve d fo rthi s projec t before testin g began . N o fiel d audits wer e planne d o rperformed . However , a s state d i n th e QAPP , certifie d calibratio n gase s (28 , 55 , an d 19 2 pp m o fstyren e i n nitroge n an d zer o ai rwit h les s tha n 0. 1 pp m TH C content) serve d a s fiel d performanc e audi t sample s fo rNIOS H Metho d 150 1 an d TH C sampling . Also , EP A personne l wer e o n sit e t o overse e diagnosti c measurements . I n th e field , Q C wa s addresse d by stric t adherenc e t o standard samplin g protocol s eithe ra s specifie d fo rNIOS H Metho d 150 1 o rb y followin g a standar d operatin g procedur e (modifie d a s neede d fo rthi s particula rsamplin g task ) wit h th e TH C analyzer s a s specifie d i n th e TH C instructio n manual . I n SRI' s Analytica l Chemistr y facilities , Q C i s addresse d b y stric t adherenc e t o standar d operatin g procedure s (SOP ) previousl y define d an d implemented . Pertinen t SOP' s fo rth e analyse s require d o n thi s projec

t wer e included i n th e QAPP . Whil e rando m audit s ca n occu rwhil e th e fiel d sample s fro m an y projec t are bein g analyzed , an d audit s ar e regularl y performe d by th e Q A office rat thi s facility , n o audi t wa s planne d o rperforme d a s par t o fthi s project . Overall , dat a qualit

y indicato r(DQI ) goal s wer e achieved . However , som e dat a wer e los t du e t o a n equipmen t malfunctio n an d becaus e o fthat malfunctio n muc h les s dat a wer e obtaine d fro m th e NIOS H Metho d 150 1 sample s tha n wa s planned . Sinc e thes e measurement s wer e duplicate d b y th e TH C analyze rmeasurements , overal l objective s o fth e projec

t wer e no

t compromised .
SIGNIFICAN TQA/Q C PROBLEM S On e significan t QA/Q C proble m wa s encountered . Styren e concentration s determine d fro m charcoa l tub e sample s take n a t th e inle t an d outle

t o fth e Polya d F B mobil e pilo t uni t wer e no

t reliabl e becaus e th e sampl e pump s use d t o drawai rsample s throug h th e charcoa l tube s wer e unabl e t o maintai n correct flowat inle t pressure s negative wit h respec t t o ambient . Thi s proble m wa s no t discovere d unti l afte ral l fiel d samplin g wa s complete d primaril y becaus e th e bubbl e flowmete ruse d t o calibrat e th e sampl e pump s coul d no t b e operate d at inle

t pressure s negative wit h respect t o ambient . Afte rthi s proble m wa s discovered , numerou s attempt s wer e mad e t o simulate th e samplin g condition s
7 9P.9 1

unde rwhic h th e sample s wer e take n s o that sampl e flo wrate s coul d b e corrected . However , thes e attempt s wer e no

t sucessful . N o othe rcorrective action s wer e require d o rtake n durin g th e collectio n o f sample s an d dat a o rdurin g subsequen t analysi s o fsample s collecte d durin g testing .
DAT A QUALIT Y Th e followin g procedure s wer e use d t o determin e ho wwel l dat a qualit

y indicato r(DQI ) goal s wer e met :

•Precisio n i s expresse d a s percen t coefficien t o fvariation :

%C V = 100x(Sx/X aV g )

wher e S xi s th e standar d deviatio n o fxnumbe ro

fdat a vaiue s fro m th e dat a set an d Xav g i s th e mea n o raverag e ofth e xnumbe ro fdat a value s fro m th e dat a set .

•Bia s i s expresse s a s a differenc e o rpercen t differenc e betwee n measure d an d know n values :

Bia s = (X-T )

%RP D = 10 0 x[(X-TVT ]

wher e Ti s th e tru e valu e (referenc e standard ) an d Xi s th e mea n sampl e concentration . %RP D i s th e relative percen t difference .

•Completenes s i s expresse d a s a percen t betwee n successfu l analyse s an d tota l attempts :



### 8 0P.9 2

Completenes s = 10 0 xS/ A

wher e S i s th e numbe ro fsuccessfu l analyse s an d A i s th e tota l numbe ro fattempts .

•Comparabilit

y i s expresse d a s a percen t difference (%Diff ) betwee n th e results fo rtwo methods :
%Dif f= 10 0 x(Ri-R2)/[(R1+R2)/2 J

wher e R i i s th e resul t fo ron e metho d an d R 2 i s th e resul t fo rth e secon d method .
Tabl e B- 1 shows th e DQ I goal s that wer e estimate d fo rcritica l measurement s i n th e QAPP . Table s B- 2 an d B- 3 showDQ I value s fo rmeasurement s carrie d ou t wit h charcoa l tube s (NIOS H Metho d 1501) . Tabl e B-4 shows DQ I value s fo rTH C analyze rmeasurements . Below , th e precision , accuracy , an d completenes s o

fth e dat a that wer e obtaine d i n thi s projec t ar e reviewed . Precisio n Triplicat e charcoa l tub e sample s take n o n Octobe r13,199 2 an d o n Novembe r6,199 2 provide d a tota l o f1 2 sample s fro m whic h precisio n fo rthi s metho d coul d b e estimated . Detail s an d results o f thes e measurement s ar e show n i n Table s 6 an d 7 o fthi s report . Thre e serie s o frun s wer e made . Si x separat e run s wer e mad e a t th e sam e tim e a t ge l coa t boot h # 2 o n Octobe r13,199 2 an d tw o set s o f triplicat e run s wer e mad e o n Novembe r6,199 2 afte rsamplin g wa s complete d at ge l coa t boot h # 2 (on e se t a t firs t lay-u p boot h # 5 an d on e set at secon d lay-u p boot h #7) . A n outlie rwa s identifie d i n th e first se t of6 run s mad e o n Octobe r13,199 2 an d wa s no t include d i n result s reporte d i n Tabl e B-2 . Precisio n fo rth e thre e distinc t set s o frun s average d 6.6% , greate rtha n th e 5.8 % expecte d fo rNIOS H Metho d 1501 . However , ifth e thir d sampl e take n a t secon d lay-u p boot h # 7 o n Novembe r6,199 2 i s excluded , th e averag e precisio n drop s t o approximatel y 4% .



### 8 1P.9 3

Tabl e B-1 . Dat a Quality Indicato rGoal s fo rCritica l Measurement s Estimate d i n QAP P

Metho d an d Referenc e NIOS H 150 1

Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyze rwit h FID. 2 Measuremen t

Paramete r Styren e Conten t
Hydrocarbo n compound s i n air . Experimenta l

Conditio n Unle t an d Outlet o fcontro l device , 2 . Calibratio n ga s samples . Unle t an d Outlet o fcontro l device , 2 . Calibratio n ga s samples . Expecte d Precisio n (Rel . Std . Dev. , % ) 5.8 i

±10 3 Expecte d

Accuracy (% Bias ) -10.7 1



### ±5 3 Completenes s

(%) 

### 8 5

8 5

i Precisio n an d bia s fo rsamplin g wit h charcoal-fille d tube . 2 J.U.M . Mode l VE- 7 TH C Analyzer . 3 Estimate d values . Precisio n an d bia s wil l b e determine d fo reac h instrumen t



### 8 2P.9 4

Tabl e B-2 . Dat a Qualit y Indicato rValue s fo rNIOS H Metho d 150 1 Measurement s Mad e at Elje rPlumbingwar e

Metho d an d Referenc e NIOS H 150 1 Measuremen t

Paramete r Styren e Conten t Experimenta l

Conditio n 1 Ge l Coat Boot h # 2 Exhaust , 10/13/9 2 2 . Firs t Lay-U p Boot h # 5 Exhaust , 11/6/9 2 3 . Secon d Lay-U p Boot h # 7 Exhaust , 11/6/9 2 Precisio n

(Rel . Std . Dev. , %) * 

### 4. 3 3. 6
11. 9 Accuracy

( % Bias ) 

### N/ A N/ A N/ A Completenes s

(%) 83. 3 

### 100 10 0

Precisio n fo rsamplin g wit h charcoal-fille d tube . Averag e o fthre e condition s = 6.6 %



### 83P.9 5

Tabl e B-3 . Dat a Quality Indicato rValue s fo rNIOS H Metho d

150 1 Charcoa l Sampl e Tube s Spike d wit h Know n Concentration s o

fStyren e 

### Know n Styren e Conten

t (po/ml ) 90. 6 181. 2 181. 2 453. 0 181 2 181 2 181 2 362 4 362 4 362 4 724 8 Recovere d Styren e Conten

t (ug/ml ) 73. 7 

### 181. 1 231. 0 338. 7 175 0 193 8 1643 383 1 359 0 3764 7103 Average Bias * (% ) -18.6 5 -0.0 6 27.4 8 -25.2 3 -3.4 2 6.95 -9.3 3 5.7 1 -0.9 4 3.8 6 -2.0 0 -1.4 2 Precisio n

(% )

-

-

- 8. 4 3. 3

- 5. 9 Expresse d a s Relative Percen t Differenc e



### 8 4P.9 6



### Tabl e B-4
. Data Qualit

yIndicato rValue s fo rTH C Analyze r Measurements Mad e a

t Elje rPlumbingwar

e
INLET TH C ANALYZE R Spa n Gas/ % Bias

Precisio n ( % CV ) Averag e % Bias 2 5 pp m Spa n Ga s

(Measure d Value ) 25. 0 27. 0 25. 0 27. 6 27. 8 24. 1 6. 0 Bia

s % 0. 0 8. 0 0. 0 10. 4 11. 2 -3. 6
4. 3 4 9 pp m Spa n Ga s (Measure d Value ) 53. 1 51. 1 50. 8

2. 4 Bias

% 8. 0 4. 0 3. 4

5. 1 17 1 pp m Spa n Ga s

(Measure d Value ) 172. 5 171. 7 164. 8 170. 0

2. 0 Bias

% 0. 5 0. 0 -4. 0 -1. 0

-1. 1



### OUTLE T TH C ANALYZE R Spa n Gas/ % Bia s

Precisio n ( % CV ) Averag e % Bia s 2 5 pp m Spa n Ga s (Measure d Value ) 25. 0 26. 0 25. 0 24. 3 26. 0 26. 2 3. 0 Bias

% 0. 0 4. 0 0. 0 -2. 8 4. 0 4. 8
1. 7 4 9 pp m Spa n Ga s (Measure d Value ) 53. 1 48. 1 51. 1

5. 0 Bias

% 8. 0 -2. 2 4. 0

3. 3 17 1 pp m Spa n Ga s

(Measure d Value ) 168. 2 175. 1 159. 7 169. 1 171. 7
3. 8 Bias

% -2. 0 2. 0 -7. 0 -1. 5 0. 0

-1. 7



## 8 5Tabl e B- 3 shows th e result s o fmeasurement s mad e wit h charcoa l tube s spike d wit h a know n amoun t o

fstyren e monomer . Thes e dat a were fi t wit h a linea rregressio n (R 2 = 0.9969 ) t o quantif y th e result s o fGC-FI D measuremant s mad e o n styren e desorbe d fro m th e charcoa l tub e sample s take n durin g testing . Tw o concentration s wer e spike d i n triplicate (181 2 an d 362 4 ug/ml) . Th e precisio n measure d fo rthes e tw o set s average d 5.9% . Fo rTH C analyze rmeasurements , precisio n wa s determine d fro m repeate d measurement s o f th e thre e spa n gases . Average d precisio n vaiue s fo rth e inle t an d outlet TH C analyzer s reporte d i n Tabl e B- 3 (3.5 % fo rth e inle t TH C an d 3.9 % fo rth e outle t THC ) ar e approximatel y one-third o fthat originiall y estimate d i n Tabl e B-1 .
Bia s coul d no

t b e determine d fro m charcoa l tub e sample s obtaine d durin g testin g a t Elje r Plumbingwar e becaus e o fth e problem s i n samplin g reporte d above . Howeve rcharcoa l tube s spike d wit h know n concentration s o fstyren e wer e prepare d an d analyze d a t SRI . Th e results o fthi s analysi s ar e reporte d i n Tabl e B-3 . Fo rsom e o fth e lowe rconcentration s listed , severa l bia s value s (a s relative percen t difference ) i n thi s tabl e ar e rathe rhigh . However , o n th e average , bia s wa s lo w(-1.4%) . Fo rTH C analyze rmeasurements , bia s wa s determine d fo reac h measuremen t mad e o fth e thre e spa n gase s an d are reporte d i n Tabl e B-3 . Averag e bia s value s fo rth e inle t TH C ra n fro m -1.1 % (19 2 pp m styrene ) t o 5.1 % (5 5 pp m styrene) . Averag e bia s value s fo rth e outle t TH C ra n fro m -1.7 % (19 2 pp m styrene ) t o 3.3 % (5 5 pp m styrene) . Overall , bia s value s wer e withi n th e ±5 % estimate d i n Tabl e B-1 . Completenes s Fo rth e NIOS H Metho d 150 1 sample s take n a t th e inle t an d outlet o

fth e Polya d F B device , completenes s wa s 0 % becaus e styren e concentratio n coul d no t b e determine d fro m an y o fth e samples . Fro m th e NlOS H Metho d 150 1 sample s take n before an d afte rtestin g th e Polya d F B devic e completenes s wa s 91.7% . Fo rTH C analyze rmeasurements , completenes s wa s muc h higher . Som e dat a wa s lost durin g FI D flame-out s an d othe rdat a wa s los t durin g a powe rfailure o n th e last da y o ftesting . Ou t o

f 

### 86P.9 8



### approximatel y12. 3 hour

s o fdat a (a t on e dat a poin t pe rsecond ) les s tha n 5 minute s wort h o fdat a were lost du e t o FI D flame-out s (completenes s o f99.3%)
. Includin g i n a powe rfailur e o f1 5 minute s whe n n o dat a were obtained , completenes s was 97.3%
. Representativenes s Th e desig n o

fth e portabl e Polyad F B device dictate d muc h o fth e samplin g strateg yan d samplin g methodolog ypractice d durin g thi s evaluatio n t o obtai n representative samples
. Th e us e o fa large , flexibl e aluminu m samplin g lin e avoide d contaminatio n fro m plasticizers i n a flexibl e plasti cline
. Locatio n o

fth e samplin g lin e inlet (withi n th e ven t exhaus t duct) an d th e hig h flowvelocit yint o th e Polya d F B uni t (4- 6 m/sec ) assure d that th e sampl e extracte d fro m th e ge l coa t boot h #2 exhaust wa s representative
. Followin g th e sampl e methodolog yrecommende d i n NIOS H Metho d 150 1 an d EP A Metho d 1 8 (Sectio n 7.4) als o assure d that representative sample s wer e obtained
. Comparabilit

y Th e samplin g pla n fo rthi s projec t mad e provisio n fo rsimultaneou s samplin g usin g th e tw o measuremen t method s o fthi s stud ywhic h woui d allowcompariso n o fth e result s whe n suitabl y average d ove rth e sam e samplin g period
. However , becaus e th e NIOS H 150 1 sample s take n coinciden t wit h th e TH C samplin g period s were unusable , n o suc h compariso n ca n b e made
. Nonetheless , sinc e measure d precisio n an d accurac yo fth e TH C dat a were bot h wel l withi n ou rDQ I objectives , we fee l confiden t that th e overal l objective s o fth e projec

t were no t compromised
.

87P.9 9



### APPENDI XC TOTA L HYDROCARBO N ANALYZE R DAIL YRESULT

S

8 8P. 1

Tabl e C-1 . TH C Analyze rResults fro m Novembe r3,1992 , Rrs t Perio d o fSprayin g Novembe r3,199 2 Star t Tim e 9:0 4 9:0 8 9:0 9 9:0 9 9:0 9 9:0 9 9:1 2 9:1 6 9:1 6 9:2 2 9:2 5 9:3 0 9:3 2 9:3 3 9:3 3 9:3 9 9:4 0 9:4 1 9:4 7 9:4 8 9:5 4 9:5 5 9:5 5 9:5 5 9:5 5 9:5 5 9:5 7 En d

Tim e 9:0 8 9:0 8 9:0 9 9:0 9 9:0 9 9:1 2 9:1 6 9:1 6 9:2 2 9:2 5 9:3 0 9:3 2 9:3 3 9:3 3 9:3 9 9:4 0 9:4 1 9:4 7 9:4 8 9:5 4 9:5 5 9:5 5 9:5 5 9:5 5 9:5 5 9:5 7 10:0 1 Emission s > 6 3 PP M Emission s < 6 3 PP M Al l Emission s Elapse d

Tim e (seconds ) 26 2 8 1 0 6 3 21 8 21 7 2 3 30 6 18 2 30 4 14 5 3 1 3 0 35 9 4 2 10 0 30 2 6 4 40 9 9 6 3 6 3 13 4 24 6 246 0 96 8 342 8 Ih

Averag e
165. 7 61. 1 60. 5 63. 7 63. 3 41. 0 176. 9 55. 9 195. 7 45. 8 171. 9 45. 5 99. 9 53. 4 202. 3 54. 2 49. 1 190. 4 52. 5 131. 0 64. 9 59. 1 63. 6 59. 6 64. 5 41. 6 183. 3 173. 7 46. 1 137. 7 ILETTHC(pp i

Populatio n Std . Oev . 81. 8 0. 8 1. 2 0. 6 0. 5 5. 7 58. 1 3. 7 59. 4 5. 6 55. 0 5. 4 22. 3 4. 0 80. 1 4. 8 4. 3 87. 6 5. 2 68. 3 1. 3 1. 7 0. 2 1. 4 1. 2 9. 1 59. 7 m l

T 95 % Conf . Interva l 9. 9 0. 5 0. 7 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 7. 7 1. 5 6. 6 0. 8 6. 2 0. 9 7. 9 1. 4 8. 3 1. 4 0. 8 9. 8 1. 3 6. 6 0. 9 1. 3 0. 2 1. 2 1. 3 1. 5 7. 4 OUTLE TTH C ( Averag e
21.5 2 21.3 7 21.3 1 21.2 4 21.2 4 21.0 9 20.6 4 20.5 0 20.3 9 20.2 0 19.8 7 19.6 1 19.5 6 19.5 9 19.5 3 19.3 8 19.2 1 18.9 4 18.5 7 18.1 4 17.6 8 17.6 7 17.6 5 17.6 5 17.7 1 17.4 6 16.7 1 19.4 0 19.6 6 19.4 7 Populatio n

Std . Dev . 0.1 4 0.0 4 0.0 6 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.1 3 0.1 1 0.0 4 0.0 8 0.1 0 0.1 4 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0 8 0.0 6 0.0 5 0.1 7 0.0 5 0.2 3 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 2 0.0 4 0.0 0 0.1 5 02 3 } pm )

95 % Conf . Interva l 0.0 2 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 3

71. 8 % o ftim e spen t spraying , 9:0 4 -10:0 1 A M



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Tabl e C-3 . TH C Analyze rResults fro m Novembe r3,1992 , Thir d Perio d o fSprayin g Novembe r3,199 2 Star t Tim e 12:5 4 12:5 5 12:5 9 13:0 4 13:0 4 13:0 5 13:0 8 13:0 9 13:1 0 13:1 6 13:1 9 13:2 3 13:2 6 13:2 9 13:3 3 13:3 7 13:3 7 13:4 0 13:4 4 13:4 8 13:5 3 13:5 5 14:0 1 14:0 2 14:0 7 Emission s Emission s Al l En d

Tim e 12:5 5 125 9 13:0 4 13:0 4 13:0 5 13:0 8 13:0 9 13:1 0 13:1 6 13:1 9 13:2 3 13:2 6 13:2 9 13:3 3 13:3 7 13:3 7 13:4 0 13:4 4 13:4 8 13:5 3 13:5 5 14:0 1 14:0 2 14:0 7 14:2 1 >6 3 PP M < 6 3 PP M Emission s Elapse d

Tim e (seconds ) 2 6 26 3 27 3 3 4 5 23 1 5 4 9 41 1 15 1 26 2 19 2 17 4 22 0 21 8 3 18 4 26 5 20 7 33 6 12 6 34 2 7 8 28 6 72 9 269 2 166 7 435 9 If i

Averag e
281. 2 28. 5 186. 6 61. 9 75. 2 28. 1 121. 8 57. 3 160. 1 28. 3 177. 5 31. 0 192. 3 39. 4 181. 0 61. 0 48. 4 190. 5 42 4 179. 0 38. 5 164. 6 41. 5 195. 7 27. 4 176. 9 35. 7 122. 9 ILETTHC(pp i

Populatio n Std . Dev . 11. 0 2 6 88. 2 0. 6 5. 5 6. 8 41. 2 5. 5 80. 3 7. 0 55. 4 6. 2 65. 6 6. 5 67. 9 1. 2 4. 9 80. 0 5. 5 77. 1 4. 6 78. 4 8. 0 68. 4 10. 4 Ti l

m j 95 % Conf . Interva l 4. 2 0. 4 10. 5 0. 7 1. 6 0. 9 11. 0 3. 6 7. 8 1. 1 6. 7 0. 9 9. 7 0. 9 9. 0 1. 3 0. 7 9. 7 0. 7 8. 2 0. 8 8. 3 1. 8 8. 0 0. 7 OUTLE TTH C (ppm ) Averag e • 4.9 2 4.8 2 4.6 9 4.7 0 4.6 7 4.6 3 • .4.7 9 4.7 7 4.7 3 4.6 7 4.6 7 4.6 9 4.7 1 4.7 5 4.7 7 4.9 1 4.9 3 4.9 5 5.0 9 5.0 8 5.0 5 4.5 2 5.1 6 4.8 1 4.8 1 4.8 1 Populatio n

Std . Dev . • 0.0 4 0.0 5 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 4 • 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.O4 0.0 3 0.0 6 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 4 1.6 9 0.0 4 95 % Conf .

Interva l

. 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 * 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.2 0 0.0 0

61. 8 % oftim e spen t spraying , 12:5 4 - 2:2 1 P M Dat a lost du e t

o flam e ou t o

fFI D i n outie

t TH C analyzer . Outlier , fro m perio d a t en d o fspraying .



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O )Tabl e C-6 . TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r4,1992 , Thir d Perio d o fSprayin g P.6

Novembe r4,199 2 Star t Tim e 121 9 123 2 123 4 123 4 123 4 123 9 123 9 123 9 124 7 124 8 124 8 124 8 125 4 125 6 13:0 5 13:1 0 13:1 2 13:1 5 13:1 6 13:1 9 13:2 0 13:2 5 13:2 5 132 9 13:3 0 13:3 4 13:3 4 13:3 4 13:3 8 13:4 2 13:4 6 13:5 2 13:5 4 14:0 0 14:0 0 14:0 4 14:0 8 Emission s Emission s Al l En d

Tim e 123 2 123 4 123 4 123 4 123 9 123 9 12:3 9 124 7 12:4 8 124 8 12:4 8 125 4 12:5 6 13:0 5 13:1 0 13:1 2 13:1 5 13:1 6 13:1 9 13:2 0 13:2 5 13:2 5 13:2 9 13:3 0 13:3 4 13:3 4 13:3 4 13:3 8 13:4 2 13:4 6 . 13:5 2 13:5 4 14:0 0 14:0 0 14:0 4 14:0 8 14:1 5
> 6 3 PP M < 6 3 PP M Emission s Elapse d

Tim e (seconds ) 73 9 12 3 1 0 6 28 5 2 8 4 47 6 3 3 3 4 34 7 15 2 51 8 31 2 105 17 7 6 9 20 1 3 8 28 3 2 7 21 8 4 5 26 4 6 7 21 1 27 3 23 7 34 7 10 3 37 0 1 1 25 4 20 6 41 6 348 7 226 6 575 3 i k

Averag e
11. 5 173. 3 69. 6 54. 6 156. 9 73. 8 60. 9 27. 1 136. 0 64. 1 58. 3 176. 8 37. 2 32 7 204. 0 43. 3 185. 6 47. 2 188. 0 55. 4 186. 3 46. 6 200. 9 50 2 210 2 61. 5 64. 4 44. 3 221. 3 46. 5 155 2 46 2 144. 8 52 8 35. 9 218. 3 40. 0 182 0 37. 5 125. 0 ILETTHC(pp i

Populatio n Std . Dev . 5. 8 57. 0 3. 1 3. 7 66. 8 7. 8 1. 2 5. 7 42 9 1. 0 2 4 68. 1 6. 3 3. 8 73. 9 4. 6 60. 3 4. 3 68. 6 2 4 59. 9 4. 5 69. 3 4 2 75. 0 0. 7 0. 9 5. 9 83 2 7. 0 66 2 6. 9 64. 6 5. 5 3. 3 76. 7 8. 0 Tl ) 95 % Conf . Interva l 0. 4 10. 1 2 0 3. 0 7. 8 2 9 1. 2 0. 5 14. 7 1. 2 2 3 7. 2 1. 0 0. 4 8. 2 0. 9 8. 9 1. 0 9. 5 0. 8 7. 0 1. 7 9 2 1. 3 9. 0 0. 5 0. 6 0. 8 9. 8 0. 9 7. 0 1. 3 6. 6 3 2 0. 4 10. 5 0. 8 OUTLE TTH C (ppm ) Averag e
6.1 0 5.9 2 5.9 0 5.8 7 5.8 7 5.8 4 5.8 7 5.8 7 5.9 3 5.9 4 5.9 2 6.0 1 6.1 3 6.4 1 6.8 3 6.9 7 7.0 5 7.1 6 7.2 4 7.3 0 7.3 0 7.3 5 7.4 6 7.5 8 7.7 2 7.9 3 7.9 5 8.0 7 8.1 8 8.2 7 8.2 6 8.2 8 8.2 8 8.3 0 8.3 9 8.3 7 8.4 4 7.3 0 7.0 5 7.2 0 Populatio n

Std . Dev . 0.1 7 0.0 4 0.0 5 0.0 2 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 7 0.0 4 0.1 4 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 8 0.0 4 0.0 5 0.0 4 0.0 7 0.0 4 0.1 2 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 6 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 8 0.0 4 0.0 9 95 % Conf .

Interva l 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.O2 0.0 3 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1

60. 6 % o ftime spen t spraying , 1219-14:1 5 Outlier , fro m period s a t beginnin g an d en d o fspraying .



### 9

4P. 7

Tabl e C-7 . THC> November5 . 199 2 Star t Tim e 8:2 9 8:3 7 8:3 7 8:3 7 8:3 8 8:3 8 8:3 8 8:4 6 8:4 9 8:5 5 8:5 5 8:5 5 8:5 6 8:5 6 8:5 6 8:5 8 9:0 3 9:0 3 9:0 3 9:1 0 9:1 4 9:1 4 9:1 4 9:1 5 9:1 7 9:2 3 9:2 7 9:3 2 9:3 2 9:3 3 9:3 3 9:3 3 9:3 3 9:3 5 9:4 2 9:4 2 9:4 3 9:4 3 9:4 9 9:4 9 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 En d

Tim e 8:3 7 8:3 7 8:3 7 8:3 8 8:3 8 8:3 8 8:4 6 8:4 9 8:5 5 8:5 5 8:5 5 8:5 6 8:5 6 8:5 6 8:5 8 9:0 3 9:0 3 9:0 3 9:1 0 9:1 4 9:1 4 9:1 4 9:1 5 9:1 7 9:2 3 92 7 9:3 2 9:3 2 9:3 3 9:3 3 9:3 3 9:3 3 9:3 5 9:4 2 9:4 2 9:4 3 9:4 3 9:4 9 9:4 9 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 0 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 1 9:5 2 Analyze rP

Elapse d Tim e (seconds ) 46 7 3 5 2 6 1 1 4 1 44 0 16 5 38 6 5 6 4 1 3 1 0 11 3 30 9 5 1 2 39 8 24 1 1 0 7 1 4 13 4 39 1 22 7 31 8 3 2 8 7 4 9 8 3 43 8 6 4 1 1 6 37 3 4 1 8 1 3 4 5 4 3 4 3 2 4 3 5 6 3 3 4 4 2 0 tesult

s fr c

• I Averag e
148. 0 61. 2 63. 2 55. 7 65. 0 51. 2 163. 8 46. 3 154. 6 58. 7 65. 2 52 9 64. 0 60 2 48. 3 190. 1 61. 9 65. 2 39. 8 180. 1 58. 6 64. 8 57. 8 43. 2 184. 6 45. 1 163. 4 60. 9 59. 3 64. 4 61 2 65. 7 45. 8 147. 7 61 2 72 5 54. 7 140. 6 60. 1 67. 9 68. 7 67. 3 59. 8 64. 6 59. 4 67. 1 61 2 67. 8 64. 3 67. 9 59. 7 61. 5 64. 5 60. 4 60. 7 58. 3 > m Novem b LETTHC(pp r Populatio n Std . Dev . 66. 1 0. 7 0. 5 3. 6 2 1 6. 9 64. 6 5. 1 77. 1 1. 5 2 5 3. 7 0. 7 1. 3 4. 4 69. 7 0. 3 1. 4 7. 2 76. 7 2 1 1. 6 3. 1 8. 6 58. 8 5. 5 76. 1 0. 6 2 6 1. 3 0. 8 2 1 4. 6 62 0 1. 1 6. 3 4. 7 72 2 0. 5 4. 5 2 5 2 8 1. 9 0. 5 1. 3 0. 9 1. 2 2 2 1. 4 3. 0 1. 4 0. 8 1. 0 1. 1 1. 4 2. 1 

### er5,19 9

n i 95 % Conf . Interva l 6. 0 0. 8 0. 4 1. 3 1. 3 2 1 6. 0 0. 8 7. 7 1. 3 2. 0 1. 1 0. 8 0. 9 0. 8 7. 8 0. 3 0. 8 0. 7 9. 7 1. 3 1. 2 1. 6 1. 4 5. 8 0. 7 8. 4 0. 7 1. 0 1. 0 0. 8 1. 4 1. 0 5. 8 0. 8 1. 9 2 3 7. 3 0. 5 2 1 1. 3 2 7 1. 6 0. 5 1. 4 0. 9 1. 3 0. 9 1. 6 2 7 1 2 0. 9 1. 2 1. 1 1. 3 1. 0 2 , Rrs t P erio d o

fS | D rayin g OUTLE TTH C (ppm ) Averag e
7.4 1 6.9 9 6.9 7 6.9 8 6.9 5 6.9 0 6.7 3 6.6 6 6.8 3 7.0 3 7.0 4 7.0 6 7.1 2 7.0 9 7.1 4 7.2 4 7.2 7 7.2 8 7.2 5 6.9 7 6.9 0 6.8 7 6.8 8 6.8 6 6.7 5 7.6 9 9.7 4 9.7 5 10.1 7 10.7 2 10.9 4 11.1 1 10.9 7 10.8 9 9.9 2 9.8 9 10.0 9 8.7 7 7.8 5 7.8 1 7.7 7 7.7 1 7.6 7 7.7 0 7.6 8 7.6 4 7.6 4 7.6 0 7.5 9 7.5 6 7.5 3 7.5 0 7.4 9 7.4 8 7.4 7 7.4 2 Populatio n

Std . Dev . 0.3 0 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 6 0.0 3 0.1 5 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 5 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 7 0.0 9 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 5 0.0 4 0.8 0 0.1 1 0.0 3 02 4 0.0 9 0.0 9 0.1 1 0.3 1 0.3 7 0.0 2 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.6 9 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 4 (Con t 95 % Conf .

Interva l 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 9 0.0 6 0.0 9 0.0 7 0.0 6 0.0 4 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 7 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 2 inued )



### 95P.8

Tabl e C- 7 Continue d Novembe r5,199 2 Start Tim e 9:5 2 9:5 2 9:5 4 9:5 5 9:5 5 Emission s Emission s Al l En d

Tim e 9:5 2 9:5 4 9:5 4 9:5 5 10:0 5
> 6 3 PP M < 6 3 PP M Emission s Elapse d

Tim e (seconds ) 4 13 1 2 3 4 2 59 9 356 5 156 1 512 6 i f

Averag e
59. 4 53. 6 67. 8 58. 9 32 8 156. 5 47. 0 123. 1 J.LETTHC(pp i

Populatio n Std . Dev . 2 1 3. 8 3. 5 3. 0 7. 4 m l

95 % Conf . Interva l 2 1 0. 6 1. 4 0. 9 0. 6 OUTLE TTH C (ppm ) Averag e
7.3 6 7.3 0 7.1 3 7.0 2 6.3 4 7.9 7 7.4 9 7.8 2 Populatio n

Std . Dev . 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.3 3 95 % Conf .

Interva l 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 3

69. 5 % o ftim e spen t spraying , 82 9 •10:0 5 A M Outlier , fro m perio d a t en d o fspraying .



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Tabl e C-9 . TH C Analyze rResult s fro m Novembe r5,1992 . Thir d Perio d o fSprayin g Novembe ra , in < Start Tim e 121 9 123 3 123 3 123 4 123 8 124 2 124 8 12:4 8 12:4 8 124 8 124 8 12:4 8 124 8 125 3 125 3 125 4 125 5 125 5 12:5 5 125 5 125 6 125 7 125 7 13:0 0 13:0 6 13:1 1 13:1 2 13:1 3 13:1 7 13:3 3 13:3 4 13:3 8 13:5 0 13:5 4 13:5 9 14:0 3 14:0 7 En d

Tim e 123 3 123 3 12:3 4 123 8 12:4 2 124 7 124 8 12:4 8 124 8 12:4 8 124 8 12:4 8 12:5 3 12:5 3 125 4 12:5 4 12:5 5 12:5 5 125 5 125 6 12:5 7 125 7 13:0 0 13:0 6 13:1 1 13:1 2 13:1 3 13:1 7 13:1 8 13:3 4 13:3 8 13:5 0 13:5 4 13:5 9 14:0 3 14:0 7 14:1 4 Emission s > 6 3 PP M Emission s < 6 3 PP M Al l Emission s Elapse d

Tim e (seconds ) 76 3 2 6 1 1 24 5 24 5 34 4 4 9 5 4 4 9 30 7 8 6 0 4 4 6 1 0 6 6 3 6 3 21 7 36 5 27 1 9 0 5 0 24 7 5 8 11 4 22 5 72 3 25 2 29 2 22 3 26 2 37 0 322 9 157 0 479 9 I L

Averag e
6. 6 135. 5 53. 2 168. 1 25. 7 142 9 67. 4 65. 4 60. 4 64. 8 60. 4 58. 4 84. 9 65. 4 68. 1 60. 5 60. 4 61. 5 65. 7 48. 8 141 2 60. 1 204 2 40. 9 194. 2 48. 0 116. 4 188. 7 48. 8 116. 1 34. 9 144. 8 36. 9 163. 8 35. 9 164. 5 27. 7 151. 6 37. 8 114. 4 ILETTHC(pp i

Populatio n Std . Dev . 3. 4 43. 5 5. 3 71. 6 7. 4 68. 8 3. 0 2 1 1. 4 0. 4 0. 9 2 2 8. 6 2 4 2 7 0. 8 0. 9 0. 7 1. 7 4. 7 53. 6 2 0 70. 7 4. 6 62 9 5. 1 43. 6 58. 4 4. 8 55. 6 5. 5 73. 6 15. 7 59. 6 10. 7 55. 7 7 2 T1 J •• ' • 95 % Conf . Interva l 0. 3 16. 7 3. 1 8. 9 0. 9 7. 2 3. 0 1. 3 1. 3 0. 4 0. 9 1. 4 1. 0 1. 7 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 0. 5 1. 1 1. 2 17. 5 2 1 9. 4 0. 4 7. 5 1. 1 12 1 7 2 1. 3 10 2 0. 7 5. 4 2 0 6. 8 1. 4 6. 7 0. 7 OUTLE TTH C ( Averag e
3.3 4 3.1 8 3.1 7 3.1 3 3.1 0 3.1 6 3.1 6 3.1 4 3.1 4 3.1 6 3.1 6 3.1 5 3.1 5 3.0 9 3.0 8 3.0 6 3.0 4 3.0 7 3.0 7 3.0 8 3.0 9 3.1 5 3.0 6 3.0 9 32 5 3.4 0 3.4 4 3.6 1 3.7 2 3.9 9 4.0 5 4.1 3 3.9 8 3.8 8 3.9 3 3.9 6 3.8 9 3.5 7 3.5 4 I 3.5 6 Populatio n

Std . Dev . 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.0 2 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 8 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 9 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 7 0.0 6 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 2 )pm )

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67. 3 % o ftim e spen t spraying , 121 9 - 21 4 P M Outlier , fro m perio d a t beginnin g o ren d ofspraying , ' TH C dat a los

t du e to powe rfailure .



### 9 8P.1 1

TECHNICA L REPOR T DAT A (Please read

Instructions on the reverse before completing) 1 . REPOR T NO . 

### EPA-600/R-93-21 2 2 . 4 . TITL E AN D SUBTITL E 

### Evaluatio no f

th e Polyad * F B Ai r Purificatio nan d Solven t Recover y Proces s fo r Styren e Remova l
7 . AUTHOR(S ) 

### Larr y Felix , Rand y Merritt , an dAshle y Williamso n 9 . PERFORMIN G ORGANIZATIO N NAM E AN D ADDRES S 

### Souther nResearc hInstitut e P.O
. Bo x 5530 5 Birmingham , Alabam a35255-530 5
12 . SPONSORIN G AGENC Y NAM E AN O ADDRES S 

### EPA , Offic e o f

Researc han dDevelopmen t Ai r an dEnerg y Engineerin g Researc hLaborator y Researc hTriangl e Park , N C 2771 1 3 . RECIPIENT' S ACCESSION-NO . 5 . REPOR T DAT E 

### Novembe r

199 3 6 . PERFORMIN G ORGANIZATIO N COD E
8 . PERFORMIN G ORGANIZATIO N REPOR T NO .

10 . PROGRA M ELEMEN T NO . 11 . CONTRACT/GRAN T NO . 

### 68-D2-0062
. Tas k

2
13 . TYP E O F REPOR T AN D PERIO D COVERE D 

### Tas k Final ; 4-7/9 3 14 . SPONSORIN G AGENC Y COD E 

### EPA/600/1 3 15
. SUPPLEMENTAR

Y NOTE S AEER Lpro 

### j e c t office r

i s Bobb y E #Danie 

### i , Mai l Dro p 61
. 919/541

- 0908
. i6
. ABSTRAC

T Th e repor t



### give s result s o f

astud y evaluatin g th e Polya dfluidized-be d(FB ) proces s fo r

controllin g styren e emission s a t arepresentativ e fiberglas s showe r stal l an dbat htu b manufacturin g plant
. Th e proces s wa s evaluate dusin g atransport
abl e uni t

supplie db y Weatherly , Inc. , o f Atlanta , GA , responsibl e fo r domesti c marketin g an dsal e o f th e process . Th e evaluatio nwa s carrie dou t Novembe r

3-5 , 1992 , a t th e Elje r

Plumbingwar e facilit y i n Wilson , NC
. Th e Polya dF B proces s use s bed s o f

macroporou s polyme r particle s a s aregenerabl e adsorben t t o captur e styren e emissions
. Th e sourc e teste dwa s age l coa t spra y boot hexhaust
. A sid e strea mfro mth e sourc e wa s route dt o th e pilo t unit , an dinle t

an doutle t

styrem e concentration s wer e measure dusin g Tota l Hydrocarbo nAnalyzer s (THCs ) an dcarbo r adscoptio ntube s (EP A Metho d18)
. Th e proces s demonstrate dth e capabilitie s o f removin g fro m9 4 t o 99 % o f th e styren e emissions
.

17 . KE Y WORD S AN D DOCUMEN T ANALYSI S a . DESCRIPTOR S 

### Pollutio n Styren e Styren e Resin s Solvent s Hydrocarbon s Fluidize dBe dProcessor s 18 . DISTRIBUTIO N STATEMEN T 

### Releas e t o Publi c b . IDENTIFIERS/OPE N ENDE D TERM S 

### Pollutio nContro l Stationar y Source s Polya dF B Proces s

19 . SECURIT Y CLAS S (This Report) 

### Unclassifie d 20 . SECURIT Y CLAS S (This page) 

### Unclassifie d c . COSAT I Field/Group 

### 13 B 07 C 111
. I U IL K 131
. 07 A 2 1 . NO . O F PAGE S 

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