# Patent

## Title
Protecting an athletic participant against impact injury

## Abstract

An article, garment and method protect a user's coccyx. Articles include: a core member constructed of an elastic composite, the core member including a upper lobe and a lower lobe, the core member further having an outer face, an inner face and a thickness between the outer face and the inner face; an arched outer shell attached to the outer face of the core member, the outer shell having a thickness less than the thickness of the core member, the outer shell biasing the core member toward an arched configuration; and a layer of resilient material attached to the inner face of the core member.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/600,355 which claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/929,540, filed Jan. 21, 2014. These applications are incorporated by reference in their entirety.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to the protection of certain areas of the human body against injury caused by an impact experienced during an athletic endeavor and pertains, more specifically, to articles and a method for protecting one or more of the coccyx and the buttocks against injury resulting from an impact, and especially an impact occasioned by a fall during an athletic pursuit.
BACKGROUND
The abundance of facilities being made available for snow sports and, more particularly, snowboarding, together with the less-than-prohibitive cost of snow sport equipment, has led to an ever-increasing number of participants in these sports. Unfortunately, the increasing number of participants has been accompanied by more incidents of injury, especially among novices who experience frequent falls, resulting in painful injuries due to impacts on either or both the coccyx and the buttocks of the participant. Moreover, professional athletes engaged in snow sports, and especially snowboarding, are exposed to even greater risk of severe injury.
SUMMARY
The present invention addresses the need for providing practical and effective protection against the injuries outlined above. As such, the present invention attains several objects and advantages, some of which are summarized as follows: Provides a relatively simple, yet highly effective construction and method for protecting against injury to one or both the coccyx and the buttocks of a participant in an athletic activity and, in particular, a person engaged in snowboarding, skiing, ice skating or the like; adapts proven impact protection technology to an effective, practical article easily worn during the practice of snow sports, and especially snowboarding and the like; enables the use, especially by participants in snowboarding and the like, including both professionals and novices, of an unobtrusive, comfortable garment that provides effective protection against injury to the coccyx or the buttocks occasioned by an impact, particularly that experienced upon falling on the corresponding area of the participant's body; promotes greater safety during athletic pursuits, and especially in the practice of snowboarding and the like; enables economical manufacture and distribution of a highly effective protective article for widespread practical use by a variety of participants, both professional and novice, in snowboarding, as well as other snow sports, such as skiing, ice skating and similar activities; provides an aesthetically pleasing protective measure, encouraging ready adoption and use; encourages participation in snow sports, and especially in snowboarding, by reducing the fear of injury and concomitant pain, and thereby increasing confidence and promoting the development of skill for enhanced enjoyment of the sport; provides a rugged, yet comfortable protective garment capable of serving to protect against injury over a long term effective service life.
The above objects and advantages, as well as further objects and advantages, are attained by the present invention which may be described briefly as an article constructed for protecting a participant in an athletic activity against injury to at least the coccyx of the participant, the article comprising: a core member constructed of an elastic composite that establishes a resistive load under deformation, the core member having a protective contour configuration including an arched central portion having a upper lobe and a lower lobe extending longitudinally along a curved path, the core member further having an outer face, an inner face and a predetermined altitudinal thickness between the outer face and the inner face; and an outer shell integrated with the outer face of the core member, the outer shell having a contour configuration complementary to the protective contour configuration of the core member, and an altitudinal thickness less than the predetermined altitudinal thickness of the core member, the outer shell being constructed with a degree of stiffness for biasing the elastic composite of the core member toward the protective contour configuration of the core member during conduct of the athletic activity, while enabling flexing of the article to accommodate the athletic activity, such that upon fitting the article over the coccyx of the participant, the core member will protect against an impact, while the outer shell will resist damage to the core member.
In addition, the present invention provides a protective garment constructed for protecting a participant in an athletic activity against injury to at least the coccyx of the participant, the protective garment including a rear crotch for location in juxtaposition with the coccyx and the buttocks of the participant, the protective garment comprising the article set forth above, integrated into the protective garment, placed adjacent the rear crotch of the garment.
Further, the present invention includes a method for protecting a participant in an athletic activity against injury to at least the coccyx of the participant, the method comprising fitting the article described above to the participant for placement over at least the coccyx of the participant during conduct of the athletic activity.



DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The invention will be understood more fully, while still further objects and advantages will become apparent, in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a pictorial depiction, partially broken away, showing a garment constructed in accordance with the present invention, as worn by a subject being protected;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the protection system of the garment, detached from the garment to reveal details of construction;
FIG. 3 is an end view of the protection system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the protection system.



Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawing, and especially to FIG. 1 thereof, a protective garment constructed in accordance with the present invention is shown in the form of a unisex short 10 and is seen to be worn in place upon a person 12 intending to participate in a snow sport, such as snowboarding. Short 10 preferably is constructed of a dry-fit stretch knit fabric 14 for comfort, ease of use and aesthetic appeal. Minimal seaming is employed so as to avoid any extra tightness or chafing, and an elastic waistband 16 is provided for snug comfort. The stretch knit fabric 14 wicks away moisture and maintains a breathable feeling under layers of gear normally worn during snow sports.
A protection system 20 is integrated into short 10 and is seen placed adjacent the rear crotch 22 of the short 10 so as to be located in juxtaposition with the coccyx, also known as the tail bone, and the buttocks of the person 12. A fabric cover 24 overlies protection system 20 and is joined to short 10 along a border 26, as by stitching 28 or the like, to secure protection system 20 in place. In the preferred construction, a mesh panel 30 is incorporated into cover 24 and extends over at least a central area 32 of protection system 20, for aesthetic as well as functional purposes.
Turning now to FIGS. 2 through 5, as well as to FIG. 1, protection system 20 is comprised of a core member 40 constructed of a soft and flexible shock-absorbing material. In the preferred construction, core member 40 is a composite material made available by Design Blue Limited, under the registered trademark D30®. The material is an elastic composite that blends polymers and dilatant fluid to exhibit a resistive load under deformation which increases with a rate of deformation, thereby serving to protect against impact, all as more fully described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,381,460, 7,794,827, 8,387,170, and 8,856,971, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
Core member 40 is molded, or otherwise formed, into a contour configuration corresponding to the contour configuration encountered at the rear crotch 22 of short 10 when short 10 is worn by person 12 and includes an arched central portion 42 having a lobed configuration that includes an upper lobe 44 and a lower lobe 46, with both lobes 44 and 46 extending longitudinally along a curved path 48. The upper lobe 44 is joined to the lower lobe 46 at a waist 45 with a maximum width of the upper lobe 44 being larger than a maximum width of the lower lobe 46 and the maximum width of the lower lobe 46 being larger than a width of the waist 45. A pair of winged portions 50 extend laterally in opposite corresponding directions 10 from adjacent lower lobe 46 and follow the contour configuration of core member 40. Once short 10 is in place upon a person 12, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the lobed configuration of central portion 42 assures that central portion 42 is located and secured in place in juxtaposition with the person's coccyx during the activity being conducted by the person 12, while the winged portions 50 lend stability so as to maintain the core member 40, and the central portion 42 thereof, accurately in place. At the same time, the winged portions 50 are located in juxtaposition with the person's buttocks. As best seen in FIG. 4, in the preferred construction, core member 40 has an altitudinal thickness T of about six millimeters.
A relatively stiff, yet flexible outer shell 60 is joined with outer face 61 of core member 40, as by rivets 62 to integrate outer shell 60 with core member 40. Outer shell 60 preferably is constructed of a synthetic polymeric material, such as a polypropylene, and is thinner than core member 40 so as to minimize bulk, outer shell 60 preferably having a thickness t of about one and one-half to two millimeters. Outer shell 60 serves to bias the elastic composite of core member 40 resiliently toward the overall contour configuration of central portion 42, while shielding against piercing or otherwise damaging the underlying material of core member 40. A pattern of reinforcing channels 64 in outer shell 60 assists in maintaining the desired contour configuration of central portion 42, without adding significantly to the overall thickness of protection system 20.
A layer 70 of a soft, resilient foam material is integrated with inner face 72 of core member 40, as seen in FIG. 4, preferably by means of an adhesive, and is made about the same thickness as core member 40, to be interposed between the core member 40 and person 12. Layer 70 extends along the central portion 42 of core member 40, as well as along the winged portions 50 for providing enhanced comfort, without adding significantly to the bulk of protection system 20.
It will be seen that the present invention attains all of the objects and advantages summarized above; namely, Provides a relatively simple, yet highly effective construction and method for protecting against injury to one or both the coccyx and the buttocks of a participant in an athletic activity and, in particular, a person engaged in snowboarding, skiing, ice skating or the like; adapts proven impact protection technology to an effective, practical article easily worn during the practice of snow sports, and especially snowboarding and the like; enables the use, especially by participants in snowboarding and the like, including both professionals and novices, of an unobtrusive, comfortable garment that provides effective protection against injury to the coccyx or the buttocks occasioned by an impact, particularly that experienced upon falling on the corresponding area of the participants body; promotes greater safety during athletic pursuits, and especially in the practice of snowboarding and the like; enables economical manufacture and distribution of a highly effective protective article for widespread practical use by a variety of participants, both professional and novice, in snowboarding, as well as other snow sports, such as skiing, ice skating and similar activities; provides an aesthetically pleasing protective measure, encouraging ready adoption and use; encourages participation in snow sports, and especially in snowboarding, by reducing the fear of injury and concomitant pain, and thereby increasing confidence and promoting the development of skill for enhanced enjoyment of the sport; provides a rugged, yet comfortable protective garment capable of serving to protect against injury over a long-term effective service life.
It is to be understood that the above detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is provided by way of example only. Various details of design, construction and procedure may be modified without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention, as set forth in the appended claims.

## Claims

1. An article constructed for protecting a user's coccyx, the article comprising:
a protective lower body garment including a rear portion and a waistband, the rear portion having a rear crotch for location in juxtaposition with the coccyx and the buttocks of the user; and
a protective system comprising:
a core member constructed of an elastic composite that establishes a resistive load under deformation, the core member having a protective contour configuration including an arched central portion having an upper lobe and a lower lobe extending longitudinally along a curved path, the upper lobe joined to the lower lobe at a waist with a maximum width of the upper lobe being larger than a maximum width of the lower lobe and the maximum width of the lower lobe being larger than a width of the waist, the upper lobe having an upper edge and the lower lobe having a lower edge, the core member further having an outer face, an inner face and a predetermined thickness between the outer face and the inner face; and
an outer shell attached to the outer face of the core member, the outer shell having a contour configuration complementary to the protective contour configuration of the core member, and a thickness less than the thickness of the core member, the outer shell being constructed with a degree of stiffness for biasing the elastic composite of the core member toward the protective contour configuration of the core member during conduct of the athletic activity, while enabling flexing of the article to accommodate the athletic activity, such that upon fitting the article over the coccyx of the participant, the core member wall protect against an impact, while the outer shell will resist damage to the core member;
wherein the core member and the outer shell have an arched configuration at rest from which the core member and the outer shell can flex during athletic activity; and

wherein the protective system is positioned on the rear portion of the garment such that the upper edge of the upper lobe is adjacent a rear portion of the waistband and the lower edge of the lower lobe is positioned at the rear crotch of the garment.

2. The article of claim 1, comprising an inner layer of resilient material attached to the inner face of the core member, along the central portion of the core member, the inner layer providing a comfortable and effective fit over the coccyx of the participant.

3. The article of claim 2, wherein the inner layer of resilient material comprises a resilient foam material.

4. The article of claim 2, wherein the thickness of the core member is about six millimeters.

5. The article of claim 4, wherein the thickness of the outer shell is about 1.5 to 2 millimeters.

6. The article of claim 5, wherein the inner layer of resilient material is about the same thickness as the core member.

7. The article of claim 1, comprising a cover overlying the protective system, the cover being joined to the protective garment to secure the article in place adjacent the rear crotch.

8. The article of claim 1, wherein the elastic composite is a flexible shock-absorbing material.

9. The article of claim 8, wherein the flexible shock-absorbing material exhibits a resistance to deformation that increases with a rate of deformation.

10. The article of claim 1, wherein the protective lower body garment comprises a unisex short.

11. An article constructed for protecting a user's coccyx, the article comprising:
a protective lower body garment including a rear portion and a waistband, the rear portion having a rear crotch for location in juxtaposition with the coccyx and the buttocks of the user; and
a protective system comprising:
a core member constructed of an elastic composite, the core member further having an outer face, an inner face and a thickness between the outer face and the inner face;
an arched outer shell attached to the outer face of the core member, the outer shell having a thickness less than the thickness of the core member, the outer shell having an arched configuration at rest from which the outer shell can flex during athletic activity, the outer shell biasing the core member toward the arched configuration of the outer shell; and
a layer of resilient material attached to the inner face of the core member;

wherein the core member includes an upper lobe joined to a lower lobe at a waist, with a maximum width of the upper lobe being larger than a maximum width of the lower lobe and the maximum width of the lower lobe being larger than a width of the waist, the upper lobe having an upper edge and the lower lobe having a lower edge; and
wherein the protective system is positioned on the rear portion of the garment such that the upper edge of the upper lobe is adjacent a rear portion of the waistband and the lower edge of the lower lobe is positioned at the rear crotch of the garment.

12. The article of claim 11, wherein the layer of resilient material comprises a resilient foam material.

13. The article of claim 11, wherein the thickness of the core member is about six millimeters.

14. The article of claim 13, wherein the thickness of the outer shell is about 1.5 to 2 millimeters.

15. The article of claim 14, wherein the layer of resilient material is about the same thickness as the core member.

16. The article of claim 11, comprising a cover overlying the outer shell, the cover being joined to the protective garment to secure the core member and the outer shell in place adjacent the rear crotch.

17. The article of claim 11, wherein the elastic composite is a flexible shock-absorbing material.

18. The article of claim 17, wherein the flexible shock-absorbing material exhibits a resistance to deformation that increases with a rate of deformation.

19. The article of claim 11, wherein the protective lower body garment comprises a unisex short.