DA 13-0206

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

2013 MT 361N

IN THE MATTER OF:

K.G., K.G., and K.G.,

 Youths in Need of Care.

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighth Judicial District,

In and For the County of Cascade, Cause No. ADN 12-59

Honorable Julie Macek, Presiding Judge

COUNSEL OF RECORD:

For Appellant:

Kathryn McEnery, McEnery Law Office, PLLCA; Kalispell, Montana

For Appellee:

Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General, Jonathan M. Krauss, Assistant 

Attorney General; Helena, Montana 

John Parker, Cascade County Attorney, Jennifer L. Quick, Deputy Cascade 

County Attorney; Great Falls, Montana 

Submitted on Briefs: November 13, 2013

 Decided: December 3, 2013

Filed:

__________________________________________

Clerk

December 3 2013
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Justice Michael E Wheat delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating 

Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not serve 

as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s 

quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports. 

¶2 D.G., the Birth Father, appeals from the Order of Montana Eighth Judicial District 

Court, Cascade County, terminating his parental rights to his children, K.G.1, K.G.2, and 

K.G.3 (collectively, the Children). We affirm.

¶3 On July 26, 2011, the Birth Mother called Benefis Hospital in Great Falls with 

concerns about K.G.2. At the time, K.G.2 was two months old. K.G.2 has Down Syndrome, 

as well as medical conditions that require her to have a colostomy bag and a feeding tube. 

When the Birth Mother brought K.G.2 in to be examined, the examining physician found 

that she had bruising on her chin consistent with someone grabbing the chin with the thumb 

and point finger and holding hard. She had “significant” circular-shaped burns on her 

abdomen and right upper shoulder extremity that had scabbed over. X-rays revealed that she

had four broken ribs on her left side and a broken left femur. Her injuries caused severe 

respiratory failure and she had to be transferred from the Benefis Hospital to Salt Lake City. 

In the expert opinion of the Great Falls examining physician, Dr. Gerrity, it was lucky to get 

K.G.2 to Salt Lake City alive.

¶4 D.G. eventually confessed to having caused most of the injuries and pled guilty to 

assault on a minor. He was sentenced to the Department of Corrections for ten years, with 

five suspended. 
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¶5 K.G.1 and K.G.2 were removed from their parents’ care and adjudicated Youths in 

Need of Care (YINC) on November 10, 2011. At that time, D.G. testified, he believed that if 

he did a “boot camp” his parental rights would not be terminated; and that the Department of 

Public Health and Human Services (the Department) planned to set in place a treatment plan 

for him. D.G. completed boot camp, anger management classes, parenting classes and a 

substance abuse course in connection with his sentence. 

¶6 The court granted Temporary Legal Custody (TLC) of K.G.1 and K.G.2 to the 

Department on December 8, 2011. K.G.3 was born in 2012. K.G.3 was adjudicated a YINC 

almost immediately and the court granted the Department TLC in July, 2012. The State 

petitioned for termination of parental rights of both parents and for permanent legal custody, 

as to all three Children. 

¶7 The District Court held a hearing on the matter on December 7, 2012. At that hearing, 

the State requested that D.G.’s rights be terminated pursuant to §§ 41-3-609(1)(d) and 41-3-

423(2)(c), MCA. Section 41-3-609(1), MCA, provides, in pertinent part: 

(1) The court may order a termination of the parent-child legal relationship 

upon a finding established by clear and convincing evidence . . . that any of the 

following circumstances exist: . . . 

(d) the parent has subjected a child to any of the circumstances listed 

in 41-3-423(2)(a) through (2)(e).

Section 41-3-609(1)(d), MCA (emphasis added). Section 41-3-423(2), MCA, provides, in 

pertinent part:

[T]he department may, at any time during an abuse and neglect proceeding, 

make a request for a determination that preservation or reunification services 

need not be provided . . . A court may make a finding that the department need 

not make reasonable efforts to provide preservation or reunification services if 

the court finds that the parent has: . . . 
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(c) committed aggravated assault against a child[.]

Section 41-3-423(2), MCA (emphasis added). D.G.’s attorney moved to prevent the State 

from proceeding on this theory. D.G.’s attorney also made motions with regards to 

ineffective assistance of counsel (IAC); and with regards to the State’s burden of proof. The 

court denied D.G.’s motions. The District Court ordered termination of D.G.’s parental 

rights and extension of TLC, pending a second hearing on the State’s petition to terminate 

the parental rights of the Birth Mother. 

¶8 This Court reviews a district court’s decision to terminate parental rights for an abuse 

of discretion. In re T.S., 2013 MT 274, ¶ 21, 372 Mont. 79, 310 P.3d 538. We will not 

disturb a district court’s decision on appeal unless “there is a mistake of law or a finding of 

fact not supported by substantial evidence[.]” In re T.S., ¶ 21. We review discretionary trial 

court rulings, including trial administration issues and evidentiary rulings, for abuse of 

discretion. In re G.M., 2009 MT 59, ¶ 11, 349 Mont. 320, 203 P.3d 818. We review a 

district court’s findings of fact to determine whether they are clearly erroneous and its 

conclusions of law to determine whether they are correct. In re T.S., ¶ 21 (citing In re 

E.Z.C., 2013 MT 123, ¶ 19, 370 Mont. 116, 300 P.3d 1174).

¶9 Although a parent’s right to the care and custody of a child is a fundamental liberty 

interest, and must be protected by fundamentally fair procedures, the best interests of the 

children take precedence over the parental rights. See In re T.S.B., 2008 MT 23, ¶¶ 18-19, 

341 Mont. 204, 177 P.3d 429.

¶10 On appeal, D.G. argues that the District Court’s decision rested on the finding that 

continuing the legal parent-child relationship would result in “an ongoing risk of abuse 
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and/or neglect” and that this finding incorporated an (erroneous) finding that the conduct or 

condition rendering D.G. unfit was unlikely to change within a reasonable time. D.G. further 

argues that the District Court abused its discretion in terminating his parental rights because 

the State did not adhere to the proper statutory procedures: The State’s petition never asked 

the District Court for a determination that no treatment plan was required for D.G., or for a 

determination that no reasonable efforts at reunification were required. Finally, D.G. argues 

that the District Court erred by denying his motions at the termination hearing.

¶11 The District Court expressly stated twice in its Order that it was terminating D.G.’s 

parental rights pursuant to §§ 41-3-609(1)(d) and 41-3-423(2)(c), MCA. These sections do 

not require a court to weigh the potential that a parent’s fitness might change. In the 

statutory context for the District Court’s decision, the court’s finding regarding the risk of 

abuse and neglect to D.G.’s children serves primarily to illustrate that extending D.G.’s 

parental rights was not in the best interest of his children. The District Court did not err in 

making this finding; substantial evidence supported the court’s determination, in light of the 

severity of the abuse D.G. perpetrated against K.G.2.

¶12 D.G.’s second argument boils down to a question about when and how the 

determinations that reasonable efforts at reunification and a treatment plan are not required 

should occur. “[T]he rules of statutory construction require the language of a statute to be 

construed according to its plain meaning.” Haux v. Mont. Rail Link, Inc., 2004 MT 233, 

¶ 12, 322 Mont. 456, 97 P.3d 540. “Where there are several provisions or particulars, such a 

construction is, if possible, to be adopted as will give effect to all.” Section 1-2-101, MCA. 

The Department’s request that the District Court terminate D.G.’s parental rights pursuant to 
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§§ 41-3-609(1)(d) and 41-3-423(2)(c), MCA, was sufficient to comply with the procedural 

requirements governing termination without efforts at reunification. Section 41-3-423(2), 

MCA, provides that the Department may seek a determination that reunification is not 

required “at any time.” Section 41-3-423(2), MCA. The Department stated twice in its 

petition that it was proceeding under the aggravated circumstances provisions of the 

termination statute. It was clear to the District Court at the termination hearing that the State 

was requesting a determination that it did not need to make efforts at reunification. As a 

result, in its Order, the District Court concluded pursuant to § 41-3-423(2)(c), MCA, that the 

Department was not required to make efforts at reunification. The Department’s statement in 

its petition that it intended to proceed under the aggravated circumstances statutes effectively 

sought a determination from the court that efforts at reunification were not required. The 

District Court’s conclusion that efforts at reunification were not required was legally correct 

and complied with the statute. 

¶13 D.G.’s argument with regards to the treatment plan fails because, under these 

circumstances, no treatment plan was required. Section 41-3-609(4)(a), MCA, provides that 

no treatment plan is required if the court finds, following a hearing, that the parent meets 

certain conditions, including having committed aggravated assault on a child. D.G. argues 

that termination without a treatment plan should only occur when a workable treatment plan 

is “impossible” and directs our attention to In re C.L.R., 211 Mont. 381, 386, 685 P.2d 926, 

929 (1984). In In re C.L.R., this Court held that, where the parent challenging termination of 

his parental rights had been convicted of deliberate homicide for fatally abusing his child’s 

sibling, the facts proved the impossibility of a workable treatment plan. In re C.L.R., 211 
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Mont. at 386, 685 P.2d at 929. But for the heroic efforts to save K.G.2’s life by transporting 

her to a treatment facility in Salt Lake City, the facts of this case would bear a striking 

similarity to those in In re C.L.R. The District Court would not have abused its discretion 

under an impossibility standard. As we explained in In re Inquiry of Baby Boy Scott, 235 

Mont. 253, 255, 767 P.2d 298, 299 (1988), however, the Legislature changed the statutory 

framework on which we relied in C.L.R. to create some exceptions to the requirement that a 

treatment plan be imposed prior to termination. One of these is the exception at issue here, 

where the parent has committed aggravated assault on a child. Section 41-3-609(4)(a), 

MCA. The argument that the State was required to ask the court for a determination that a 

treatment plan was not required must fail, because this case falls within the circumstances set 

forth in § 41-3-609(4)(a), MCA.1 The District Court’s finding that D.G. committed 

aggravated assault against a child after the termination hearing, was sufficient to invoke § 

41-3-609(4)(a), MCA’s, exception to the treatment plan requirement. Because the District 

 

1 In re Inquiry of Baby Boy Scott concerned termination proceedings under the 

statutory provisions allowing termination without a treatment plan in cases where a parent’s 

mental illness renders the parent unable to assume the role of a parent within a reasonable 

time. In re Inquiry of Baby Boy Scott, 235 Mont. at 255, 767 P.2d at 299. In that context, 

our decision required that the testimony establishing the parent’s inability to assume the role 

of a parent also establish that the parent’s condition was unlikely to change within a 

reasonable time. In re C.R.O., 2002 MT 50, ¶ 7, 309 Mont. 48, 43 P.3d 913. In recognition 

of that requirement, the 2003 Legislature revised § 41-3-609(4)(b), MCA, to provide: “A 

treatment plan is not required under this part upon a finding by the court following hearing 

if: . . . (b) two medical doctors or clinical psychologists submit testimony that the parent 

cannot assume the role of parent within a reasonable time.” (Emphasis added). The 

“reasonable time” condition does not apply where a treatment plan is not required pursuant 

to § 41-3-609(4)(a), MCA. To read the statute to require finding a parent’s conduct or 

condition unlikely to change within a reasonable time, where the criteria set forth in §§ 41-3-

609(1)(a)-(e), MCA, are met, would lead to an absurd result.
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Court concluded, following the termination hearing, that D.G. had committed aggravated 

assault on a child, the statute did not require a treatment plan to be set in place. 

¶14 Nor did the District Court abuse its discretion in denying D.G.’s motions at the 

termination hearing. The record supports the District Court’s conclusion that D.G. had been 

put on notice consistently from the inception of the case that the State intended to file for 

termination on the grounds that he assaulted his child.2 Although D.G.’s counsel showed an 

admirable willingness to “throw himself under the bus” for his client, his motion at the 

hearing did not show that D.G. had suffered from ineffective assistance of counsel. The 

District Court did not abuse its discretion in denying that motion. Finally, the District Court 

did not abuse its discretion in denying D.G.’s motion regarding the State’s burden of proof 

because the grounds for the motion incorporated standards from a section of the statute upon 

which the District Court’s decision did not rely. D.G. provides no authority supporting his 

arguments that the District Court improperly denied these motions; and we are not persuaded 

that the District Court abused its discretion in doing so.

¶15 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of our 

Internal Operating Rules, which provides for noncitable memorandum opinions. The issues 

in this case are controlled by the statutes and precedent. The District Court did not abuse its 

discretion in terminating D.G.’s parental rights under the aggravated assault provisions of the 

 

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For instance, the order dated April 16, 2012 provided that the State planned to 

terminate the father’s parental rights based on his conviction for assaulting K.G.2. In the 

State’s petition to extend TLC, dated June 15, 2012, the State also announced that it 

planned to terminate D.G.’s rights under the theory of aggravated circumstances. In a 

hearing held on October 25, 2012, the State again stated it planned to terminate D.G.’s 

parental rights.
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termination statute. Although we recognize D.G.’s efforts at rehabilitation, we agree with 

the District Court that it is not in the Children’s best interest to continue this parent-child 

relationship.

¶16 Affirmed.

/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT

We concur: 

/S/ PATRICIA COTTER

/S/ BETH BAKER

/S/ LAURIE McKINNON

/S/ JIM RICE