# Patent

## Title
Motor control apparatus and method for controlling motor

## Abstract

A motor control apparatus includes a voltage regulator to execute a voltage increase mode to increase a voltage applied to an induction motor from a lower limit of a first range over time. A frequency regulator executes a frequency decrease mode to decrease a frequency of the voltage from an upper limit of a second range over time. The frequency regulator limits decrease of the frequency when a bus voltage of a bus exceeds a first threshold in the frequency decrease mode. The bus supplies DC power to an inverter to drive the motor. A mode changer alternatively changes the voltage increase mode and the frequency decrease mode to control the motor to change from a free running state to a state in which the voltage and the frequency satisfy a relationship. The determinator determines whether the voltage and the frequency satisfy the relationship.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-227143, filed Oct. 31, 2013. The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a motor control apparatus and a method for controlling a motor.
Discussion of the Background
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-48840 discloses control for transition to V/F control. In the transition control, mode 0 is executed to increase output voltage of an inverter while maintaining an output frequency of the inverter at a fixed value. When output current of the inverter reaches a limit value, mode 0 is changed to mode 1, in which the output frequency of the inverter is increased while the output voltage of the inverter is maintained at a fixed value.
SUMMARY
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a motor control apparatus includes a voltage regulator, a frequency regulator, a mode changer, and a determinator. The voltage regulator is configured to execute a voltage increase mode to increase a voltage applied to an induction motor from a lower limit of a first predetermined range over time. The frequency regulator is configured to execute a frequency decrease mode to decrease a frequency of the applied voltage from an upper limit of a second predetermined range over time. The frequency regulator is configured to limit decrease of the frequency when a bus voltage of a bus exceeds a first threshold in the frequency decrease mode. The bus supplies DC power to an inverter to drive the induction motor. The mode changer is configured to alternatively change the voltage increase mode and the frequency decrease mode so as to control the induction motor to change from a free running state to a state in which the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy a predetermined relationship. The determinator is configured to determine whether the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy the predetermined relationship.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for controlling a motor includes alternatively changing a voltage increase mode and a frequency decrease mode. The voltage increase mode is for increasing a voltage applied to an induction motor from a lower limit of a predetermined range over time. The frequency decrease mode is for decreasing a frequency of the applied voltage from an upper limit of a predetermined range over time. When a bus voltage of a bus exceeds a first threshold in the frequency decrease mode, decrease of the frequency is limited so as to control the induction motor to change from a free running state to a state in which the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy a predetermined relationship. The bus supplies DC power to an inverter to drive the induction motor. Whether the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy the predetermined relationship is determined.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the present disclosure and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a motor control system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary functions of a motor control apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a time chart illustrating an exemplary operation of the robot control apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary speed search mode;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary voltage restoration step;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary frequency deceleration step;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration to implement a double decrease step;
FIG. 8 is a time chart illustrating an exemplary double decrease step;
FIG. 9 is a time chart illustrating an exemplary double decrease step;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration to implement a bus voltage decrease step; and
FIG. 11 is a time chart illustrating an exemplary bus voltage decrease step.



DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or identical elements throughout the various drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a motor control system 100. The motor control system 100 includes an induction motor 2, an inverter 3, an AC (alternating-current) power source 4, a rectifier circuit 5, a smoothing capacitor 6, and a motor control apparatus 10.
The inverter 3 includes, for example, a three-phase bridge circuit. Based on a control signal generated by the motor control apparatus 10, the inverter 3 converts DC (direct-current) power supplied from the rectifier circuit 5 and the smoothing capacitor 6 into AC power, and outputs the converted AC power to the induction motor 2.
The rectifier circuit 5 and the smoothing capacitor 6 convert AC power supplied from the AC power source 4 into DC power, and output the converted DC power to the inverter 3. A voltage is applied to the smoothing capacitor 6 and represents a bus voltage of a bus 91, through which DC power is supplied to the inverter 3.
The motor control apparatus 10 includes, for example, a Micro-Processing Unit (MPU). The motor control apparatus 10 performs information processing in accordance with a program to generate a control signal to control rotation of the induction motor 2, and to output the control signal to the inverter 3.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary functions of the motor control apparatus 10. The elements of the motor control apparatus 10 are implemented by the MPU performing the information processing in accordance with the program.
The motor control apparatus 10 executes a normal operation mode when switches SW are at position A, and executes a speed search mode when the switches SW are at position B. In the normal operation mode, V/f control is performed to maintain a constant ratio between the voltage applied to the induction motor 2 and the frequency of the voltage.
The speed search mode is a mode executed for transition of the induction motor 2 from a free running state to a state under the V/f control. The free running state is a state in which the induction motor 2 rotates by inertia when power supply to the induction motor 2 is shut off. In the speed search mode, the voltage applied to the induction motor 2 and the frequency of the voltage are adjusted to ensure that the ratio between the applied voltage and the frequency of the applied voltage is at a predetermined value, and that the frequency is close to the rotation speed of the induction motor 2.
The motor control apparatus 10 includes subtractors 11d and 11q, a current controller 12, adders 13d and 13q, a voltage command calculator 14, a PWM controller 15, a speed converter 16, and a d-q converter 17. These elements constitute a configuration to implement control of the induction motor 2, and in particular, to implement the normal operation mode.
The motor control apparatus 10 further includes a current determinator 21, a frequency regulator 22, a voltage regulator 23, a V/f converter 24, and a V/f matching determinator 25. These elements constitute a basic configuration to implement the speed search mode. An additional configuration to implement the speed search mode will be described later.
The subtractors 11d and 11q respectively calculate differences between d-axis and q-axis current command values Id* and Iq*, which are from an upper level device, and d-axis and q-axis current detection values Id and Iq from the d-q converter 17. Then, the subtractors 11d and 11q output the differences to the current controller 12.
Based on the differences from the subtractors 11d and 11q, the current controller 12 calculates d-axis and q-axis voltage base values and outputs the d-axis and q-axis voltage base values respectively to the adders 13d and 13q. 
The adders 13d and 13q respectively calculate sums of d-axis and q-axis voltage command values Vd* and Vq* from the upper level device and d-axis and q-axis voltage base values from the current controller 12. Then, the adders 13d and 13q output the sums to the voltage command calculator 14.
When the switches SW are at position A, the voltage command calculator 14 regards the sums from the adders 13d and 13q as d-axis and q-axis voltage command values Vdl* and Vql*, and calculates a voltage command value VS* and a speed command value θV based on the d-axis and q-axis voltage command values Vdl* and Vql*. Then, the voltage command calculator 14 outputs the voltage command value VS* and the speed command value θV to the PWM controller 15. The voltage command value VS* and the speed command value θV are calculated based on the following formula:

V*S=√{square root over (Vql2+Vdl2)}

θV=tan−1(Vql/Vdl)

When the switches SW are at position B, the voltage command calculator 14 regards a grounding potential as the d-axis voltage command value Vdl*, and regards an induction voltage command e* from the voltage regulator 23 as the q-axis voltage command value Vql*. Based on the d-axis and q-axis voltage command values Vdl* and Vql*, the voltage command calculator 14 calculates the voltage command value VS* and the speed command value θV, and outputs the voltage command value VS* and the speed command value θV to the PWM controller 15.
Based on the voltage command value VS* and the speed command value θV from the voltage command calculator 14 and based on a rotation speed θ from the speed converter 16, the PWM controller 15 calculates a control signal to control the rotation of the induction motor 2 by pulse width modulation (PWM), and outputs the control signal to the inverter 3.
When the switches SW are at position A, the speed converter 16 calculates the rotation speed θbased on a frequency command value fout, which is from an upper level device, and outputs the rotation speed θ to the PWM controller 15 and the d-q converter 17. When the switches SW are at position B, the speed converter 16 calculates the rotation speed θ based on an output frequency f, which is from the frequency regulator 22, and outputs the rotation speed θ to the PWM controller 15 and the d-q converter 17.
The d-q converter 17 uses the rotation speed θ from the speed converter 16 to perform d-q conversion of current detection values Iu and Iw of AC power supplied from the inverter 3 to the induction motor 2. In this manner, the d-q converter 17 calculates d-axis and q-axis current detection values Id and Iq, and outputs the d-axis and q-axis current detection values Id and Iq to the subtractors 11d and 11q. Also, the d-q converter 17 calculates a current flowing in the induction motor 2, that is, a stator current IS, and outputs the stator current IS to the current determinator 21.
The current determinator 21 is an example of the mode changer. In the speed search mode, the current determinator 21 changes between a frequency deceleration step (Step f), which is executed by the frequency regulator 22, and a voltage restoration step (Step V), which is executed by the voltage regulator 23. The current determinator 21 compares the stator current IS from the d-q converter 17 with two different predetermined thresholds to determine whether to change to the voltage restoration step or the frequency deceleration step.
Specifically, when the stator current IS exceeds a first threshold IS1 in the voltage restoration step, the current determinator 21 implements a transition from the voltage restoration step to the frequency deceleration step. When the stator current IS becomes smaller than a second threshold IS2, which is smaller than the first threshold IS1 in the frequency deceleration step, the current determinator 21 implements a transition from the frequency deceleration step to the voltage restoration step.
The first threshold IS1 and the second threshold IS2 are predetermined based on the magnitude of a no-load current. The no-load current refers to a current in the case where the output frequency f matches the rotation speed of the induction motor 2, and the stator current IS is left with an exciting current component alone. For example, the first threshold IS1 is equal to or more than 1.5 times the no-load current, and the second threshold IS2 is equal to or less than 1.2 times the no-load current.
The frequency regulator 22 is an example of the frequency regulator, and executes the frequency deceleration step (an example of the frequency decrease mode), which is to decrease the output frequency f from an upper limit of a search range as time elapses. The output frequency f is a frequency of the voltage applied to the induction motor 2. In the frequency deceleration step, the output frequency f is decreased gradually, that is, by a predetermined minute amount Δf, from the upper limit to a lower limit of the search range. In the frequency deceleration step, the induction voltage command e* is maintained at a constant value.
The voltage regulator 23 is an example of the voltage regulator, and executes the voltage restoration step (an example of the voltage increase mode), which is to increase the induction voltage command e* from a lower limit of a search range as time elapses. The induction voltage command e* corresponds to the voltage applied to the induction motor 2. In the voltage restoration step, the induction voltage command e* is increased gradually, that is, by a predetermined minute amount ΔV, from the lower limit to an upper limit of the search range. In the voltage restoration step, the output frequency f is maintained at a constant value.
The V/f converter 24 multiplies the output frequency f output from the frequency regulator 22 by a predetermined ratio V/f to calculate a voltage conversion value. Then, the V/f converter 24 outputs the voltage conversion value to the V/f matching determinator 25.
The V/f matching determinator 25 is an example of the determinator, and determines whether the ratio of the induction voltage command e* output from the voltage regulator 23 to the output frequency f output from the frequency regulator 22 matches the predetermined ratio V/f. That is, the V/f matching determinator 25 determines whether the voltage conversion value output from the frequency regulator 22 matches the induction voltage command e* output from the voltage regulator 23.
In the voltage restoration step, when the ratio of the induction voltage command e* to the output frequency f matches the predetermined ratio V/f, the V/f matching determinator 25 outputs a switch change signal to change the switches SW from position B to position A. Thus, the speed search mode is changed to the normal operation mode.
In the frequency deceleration step, when the ratio of the induction voltage command e* to the output frequency f matches the predetermined ratio V/f and satisfies a condition that is described later, the V/f matching determinator 25 outputs a switch change signal to change the switches SW from position B to position A.
FIG. 3 is a time chart illustrating an exemplary operation of the motor control apparatus 10. FIG. 3 shows behaviors that the output frequency f, the induction voltage command e*, and the stator current IS exhibit in the course of change from the free running state through the speed search mode to the normal operation mode. The behavior of the output frequency f is shown together with a behavior of the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2, in dashed line.
First, when the motor control apparatus 10 shuts off power supply to the induction motor 2 in the normal operation mode, the induction motor 2 changes into the free running state, and the rotation speed ωr starts to decrease. In the free running state, the output frequency f, the induction voltage command e*, and the stator current IS are zero.
Next, when the motor control apparatus 10 starts the speed search mode, the output frequency f is set at a maximum value fmax in the search range, and the induction voltage command e* is set at zero, which is the minimum value in the search range. Here, even in a “slip state”, in which the output frequency f is far from the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2, the induction voltage command e* is zero, and thus the stator current IS remains at zero, and does not increase from zero.
In the speed search mode, the voltage restoration step (Step V) is first executed. In the voltage restoration step, the induction voltage command e* gradually increases from zero as time elapses, and the output frequency f is maintained at the maximum value fmax. Since the present state is the slip state, as the induction voltage command e* increases, the stator current IS increases accordingly.
When the stator current IS exceeds the first threshold IS1, the frequency deceleration step (Step f) is executed. In the frequency deceleration step, the output frequency f gradually decreases from the maximum value fmax as time elapses, while the induction voltage command e* is maintained at the value as of the end of the voltage restoration step. When the output frequency f decreases, the slip state is relieved, and the stator current IS decreases accordingly.
When the stator current IS becomes smaller than the second threshold IS2, the voltage restoration step (Step V) is executed again.
In the voltage restoration step, when the induction voltage command e* reaches a V/f matching point, the motor control apparatus 10 ends the speed search mode and starts the normal operation mode. The V/f matching point is a point at which the ratio of the induction voltage command e* to the output frequency f matches the predetermined ratio V/f:
Thus, alternating the voltage restoration step and the frequency deceleration step ensures search of the V/f matching point while minimizing or eliminating excessive increase of the stator current IS.
The above description by referring to FIG. 3 is concerning an example in which the induction voltage command e* reaches the V/f matching point in the voltage restoration step. An example in which the induction voltage command e* reaches the V/f matching point in the frequency deceleration step will be described later.
In this embodiment, the voltage restoration step and the frequency deceleration step have been described as alternating based on the magnitude of the stator current IS. This, however, should not be construed in a limiting sense. Another possible example is that the voltage restoration step and the frequency deceleration step alternate at predetermined time intervals.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary speed search mode. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary voltage restoration step. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary frequency deceleration step. The series of processing shown in FIGS. 4 through 6 is repeated at predetermined intervals (of, for example, several milliseconds). Referring to FIG. 6, the frequency deceleration step includes a double decrease step (Step B) and a bus voltage decrease step (Step C), which will be described in detail later.
In the speed search mode shown in FIG. 4, the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether the voltage restoration step (Step V) or the frequency deceleration step (Step f) is selected. When the search starts, that is, immediately after the free running state has changed to the speed search mode, the voltage restoration step is selected.
In the voltage restoration step (Step V) shown in FIG. 5, the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether the search is in its beginning or the search is in progress (S11). When the search is in its beginning, the motor control apparatus 10 sets the output frequency f at the maximum value fmax in the search range, and sets an induction voltage set value Eref at zero, which is the minimum value in the search range (S12). When the search is in progress, the motor control apparatus 10 does not perform this setting.
Next, the motor control apparatus 10 multiplies the output frequency f by the predetermined ratio V/f to obtain a voltage conversion value Vsearchref (S13). Also, the motor control apparatus 10 adds the predetermined minute amount Δf to the induction voltage set value Eref (S14). Next, the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether the induction voltage set value Eref is equal to or larger than the voltage conversion value Vsearchref or smaller than the voltage conversion value Vsearchref (S15).
When the induction voltage set value Eref is equal to or larger than the voltage conversion value Vsearchref, the motor control apparatus 10 ends the speed search mode and starts the normal operation mode. When the induction voltage set value Eref is smaller than the voltage conversion value Vsearchref, the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether the stator current IS is in excess of the first threshold IS1 or the stator current IS is equal to or smaller than the first threshold IS1 (S16).
When the stator current IS is in excess of the first threshold IS1, the motor control apparatus 10 selects the frequency deceleration step (Step f) and ends the processing. In this case, the frequency deceleration step is executed in the next processing. When the stator current IS is equal to or smaller than the first threshold IS1, the motor control apparatus 10 ends the processing. In this case, the voltage restoration step is executed again in the next processing.
In the frequency deceleration step (Step f) shown in FIG. 6, the motor control apparatus 10 subtracts the predetermined minute amount Δf from the output frequency f, and multiplies the output frequency f by the predetermined ratio V/f to obtain the voltage conversion value Vsearchref (S21). The motor control apparatus 10 performs the bus voltage decrease step (Step C), described later, and then determines whether the stator current IS is equal to or smaller than the second threshold IS2 or the stator current IS is in excess of the second threshold IS2 (S29).
When the stator current IS is equal to or smaller than the second threshold IS2, the motor control apparatus 10 selects the voltage restoration step (Step V) and ends the processing. In this case, the voltage restoration step is selected in the next processing. When the stator current IS is in excess of the second threshold IS2, the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether the voltage conversion value Vsearchref is equal to or smaller than the induction voltage set value Eref or the voltage conversion value Vsearchref is in excess of the induction voltage set value Eref (S30).
When the voltage conversion value Vsearchref is equal to or smaller than the induction voltage set value Eref, the motor control apparatus 10 executes the double decrease step (Step B), described later. When the voltage conversion value Vsearchref is in excess of the induction voltage set value Eref, the motor control apparatus 10 ends the processing unless the output frequency f is at a minimum value fmin (S34). In this case, the frequency deceleration step is selected again in the next processing.
<Double Decrease Step>
The double decrease step (Step B) included in the frequency deceleration step (Step f) will be described.
As described above, in order to minimize or eliminate excessive increase of the stator current IS, the voltage restoration step is changed to the frequency deceleration step when the stator current IS exceeds the first threshold IS1. In the frequency deceleration step, when the output frequency f decreases, the output frequency f becomes close to the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2, and thus the stator current IS decreases from the first threshold IS1.
In the frequency deceleration step, however, when the output frequency f reaches the V/f matching point before the stator current IS decreases to the second threshold IS2, the output frequency f may not be sufficiently close to the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2. If this state is maintained in the transition to the normal operation mode, the stator current IS may increase excessively.
A reason why the stator current IS does not decrease to the second threshold IS2 is possibly that the load of the induction motor 2 is so large that the torque current component included in the stator current IS does not sufficiently decrease. Another possible reason is erroneous setting of the second threshold IS2 and the no-load current on which the second threshold IS2 is based.
In view of this, in this embodiment, when the output frequency f reaches the V/f matching point in the frequency deceleration step, the following double decrease step is executed.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration to implement the double decrease step. As the configuration to execute the double decrease step, the motor control apparatus 10 includes a counter 31, a switch 32, and a V/f converter 33.
When a predetermined period of time elapses after the output frequency f reaches the V/f matching point in the frequency deceleration step, the counter 31 outputs a change signal to the switch 32.
When the change signal is input to the switch 32 from the counter 31, the switch 32 changes the output frequency f from a frequency before passing through the frequency regulator 22 (frequency fout_last in the last cycle) to a frequency after passing through the frequency regulator 22 (frequency fout in the present cycle). This ensures that the output frequency f is maintained at a constant value until a predetermined period of time elapses. Upon elapse of the predetermined period of time, the output frequency f resumes decreasing.
The V/f converter 33 multiplies the output frequency f output from the switch 32 by the predetermined ratio V/f to calculate and output a voltage conversion value.
When a pulse signal is output from the counter 31, the induction voltage command e* is changed from a value output from the voltage regulator 23 to the voltage conversion value calculated by the V/f converter 33, and decreases together with the output frequency f.
The motor control apparatus 10 executes the double decrease step with the above-described configuration. FIGS. 8 and 9 are time charts illustrating examples of the double decrease step.
When the motor control apparatus 10 starts the double decrease step, the output frequency f is first maintained for a predetermined period of time at the value as of the time when the output frequency f reaches the V/f matching point. Also, the induction voltage command e* remains unchanged.
When the stator current IS becomes smaller than the second threshold IS2 while the output frequency f is maintained for the predetermined period of time, the motor control apparatus 10 ends the speed search mode and starts the normal operation mode. The second threshold IS2 should not be construed in a limiting sense; it is possible to use a different threshold smaller than the first threshold IS1.
If a filter is used to detect the stator current IS, a time lag may occur in the detection. This may lead to an erroneous determination in that the actual output frequency f is not close to the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2, while the actual output frequency f is sufficiently close to the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2. A reason for maintaining the output frequency f for the predetermined period time is to prevent such an erroneous determination.
When the stator current IS does not become smaller than the second threshold IS2 even though the output frequency f is maintained for the predetermined period of time, both the output frequency f and the induction voltage command e* decrease as time elapses while satisfying the predetermined ratio V/f:
When the stator current IS becomes smaller than the second threshold IS2 while both the output frequency f and the induction voltage command e* are decreasing, the motor control apparatus 10 ends the speed search mode and starts the normal operation mode. The second threshold IS2 should not be construed in a limiting sense; it is possible to use a different threshold smaller than the first threshold IS1.
Even if the output frequency f is not sufficiently close to the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2 when the output frequency f reaches the V/f matching point, both the output frequency f and the induction voltage command e* are decreased in the above-described manner. This makes the output frequency f close to the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2. Moreover, decreasing both the output frequency f and the induction voltage command e* minimizes or eliminates excessive increase of the stator current IS.
When the stator current IS does not become smaller than the second threshold IS2 even though both the output frequency f and the induction voltage command e* are decreased, and when the output frequency f reaches the minimum value fmin, the motor control apparatus 10 ends the speed search mode and starts the normal operation mode.
When the output frequency f reaches the minimum value fmin, both the output frequency f and the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2 are sufficiently decreased. This ensures transition to the normal operation mode without excessive increase of the stator current IS.
Description will be made regarding the double decrease step (Step B) included in the frequency deceleration step (Step f) shown in FIG. 6.
When the voltage conversion value Vsearchref is equal to or smaller than the induction voltage set value Eref(S30), the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether a predetermined period of time (of, for example, 200 milliseconds) has elapsed from the time of first establishment of the state in which the voltage conversion value Vsearchref is equal to or smaller than the induction voltage set value Eref (S31).
When the predetermined period of time has not elapsed, the motor control apparatus 10 returns the output frequency f to a value flast as of the last cycle, that is, to a state before subtraction of the minute amount Δf (S33), and ends the processing. Thus, the output frequency f is maintained at a constant value until the predetermined period of time elapses.
When the stator current IS becomes equal to or smaller than the second threshold IS2 while the output frequency f is maintained at a constant value (S29), the motor control apparatus 10 selects the voltage restoration step (Step V) and ends the processing. In this case, the voltage restoration step is selected in the next processing. Further, the speed search mode ends, and the normal operation mode starts.
When the predetermined period of time has elapsed, the motor control apparatus 10 regards the induction voltage set value Eref as the voltage conversion value Vsearchref (S32), and ends the processing. From now on, both the output frequency f and the induction voltage set value Eref decrease with the induction voltage set value Eref matching the voltage conversion value Vsearchref, that is, with the ratio of the induction voltage set value Eref to the output frequency f matching the predetermined ratio V/f.
When the stator current IS becomes equal to or smaller than the second threshold IS2 while both the output frequency f and the induction voltage set value Eref are decreasing (S29), the motor control apparatus 10 also selects the voltage restoration step (Step V) and ends the processing. In this case as well, the voltage restoration step is selected in the next processing. Further, the speed search mode ends, and the normal operation mode starts.
When the output frequency f becomes the minimum value fmin while the stator current IS is not equal to or smaller than the second threshold IS2 even though both the output frequency f and the induction voltage set value Eref have decreased (S34), the motor control apparatus 10 selects the voltage restoration step (Step V) and ends the processing. In this case as well, the voltage restoration step is selected in the next processing. Further, the speed search mode ends, and the normal operation mode starts.
<Bus Voltage Decrease Step>
The bus voltage decrease step (Step C) included in the frequency deceleration step (Step f) will be described.
As described above, in the frequency deceleration step, in order to make the output frequency f close to the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2, the output frequency fis decreased as time elapses. Incidentally, when the induction motor 2 has inertia large enough to make it difficult to decrease the rotation speed ωr, or when the deceleration rate at which to decrease the output frequency f is excessively high, the output frequency f may drop below the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2.
When the output frequency f becomes smaller than the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2, the induction motor 2 turns into a regeneration state, in which excessive regeneration voltage may be applied to a bus 91 (see FIG. 1) to supply DC power to the inverter 3.
In view of this, in this embodiment, the bus voltage decrease step described below is executed in the frequency deceleration step.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration to implement the bus voltage decrease step. The motor control apparatus 10 includes a voltage determinator 41 to constitute the configuration to implement the bus voltage decrease step.
When a bus voltage Vdc, which is a detection value of DC voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor 6 (see FIG. 1), exceeds a first voltage threshold VS1, the voltage determinator 41 outputs to the frequency regulator 22 a voltage exceeding signal indicating that the bus voltage Vdc exceeds the first voltage threshold VS1. When the bus voltage Vdc becomes smaller than a second voltage threshold VS2, which is smaller than the first voltage threshold VS1, the voltage determinator 41 outputs to the frequency regulator 22 a voltage restoration signal indicating that the bus voltage Vdc becomes smaller than the second voltage threshold VS2.
In response to the voltage exceeding signal, the frequency regulator 22 limits the decrease of the output frequency f. Also, dVdc/dt, which is an amount of change per predetermined period of time in the bus voltage Vdc, is input to the frequency regulator 22. When the frequency regulator 22 receives the voltage exceeding signal and when the amount of change dVdc/dt is a positive value, the frequency regulator 22 increases the output frequency f. When the frequency regulator 22 receives the voltage exceeding signal and when the amount of change dVdc/dt is zero or a negative value, the frequency regulator 22 maintains the output frequency f. Here, an example of the predetermined period of time is a cycle in which the speed search mode is repeated.
In response to the voltage restoration signal, the frequency regulator 22 resumes decreasing the output frequency f. The deceleration rate of the output frequency f after resumed decrease is set at an exemplary rate smaller than approximately half the pre-limited deceleration rate of the output frequency f. The term deceleration rate refers to the amount of decrease per predetermined period of time in the output frequency f. In this case as well, an example of the predetermined period of time is a cycle in which the speed search mode is repeated.
The motor control apparatus 10 executes the bus voltage decrease step with the above-described configuration. FIG. 11 is a time chart illustrating an exemplary bus voltage decrease step.
In the frequency deceleration step (Step f), when the bus voltage Vdc exceeds the first voltage threshold VS1, the motor control apparatus 10 starts the bus voltage decrease step (Step C). In the bus voltage decrease step, the output frequency f is increased or maintained so as to limit the decrease of the output frequency f.
Specifically, when the amount of change per predetermined period of time dVdc/dt in the bus voltage Vdc is a positive value, the motor control apparatus 10 increases the output frequency f. This minimizes or eliminates excessive increase of the bus voltage Vdc. When the amount of change dVdc/dt is zero or a negative value, the motor control apparatus 10 maintains the output frequency f. This suppresses the bus voltage Vdc while making the output frequency f close to the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2.
Then, when the bus voltage Vdc becomes smaller than the second voltage threshold VS2, which is smaller than the first voltage threshold VS1, the motor control apparatus 10 resumes decreasing the output frequency f. The deceleration rate of the output frequency f after resumed decrease is set at an exemplary rate smaller than approximately half the pre-limited deceleration rate of the output frequency f. This makes the deceleration rate of the output frequency f close to the deceleration rate of the rotation speed ωr of the induction motor 2.
The bus voltage decrease step (Step C) included in the frequency deceleration step (Step f) shown in FIG. 6 will be described.
The motor control apparatus 10 subtracts the predetermined minute amount Δf from the output frequency f and obtains the voltage conversion value Vsearchref (S21). Then, the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether the bus voltage Vdc is equal to or larger than the first voltage threshold VS1 or the bus voltage Vdc is smaller than the first voltage threshold VS1 (S22).
When the bus voltage Vdc is equal to or larger than the first voltage threshold VS1, the motor control apparatus 10 turns on a flag indicating the bus voltage decrease step (S23). It should be noted that even when the flag is on at and after the next cycle, the processing proceeds from S22 to S23.
Next, the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether the amount of change per predetermined period of time dVdc/dt in the bus voltage Vdc is a positive value or the amount of change dVdc/dt is zero or a negative value (S24).
When the amount of change dVdc/dt is a positive value, the motor control apparatus 10 adds the predetermined minute amount Δf to the value flast of the output frequency f in the last cycle, and regards the sum as the output frequency f. In this manner, the motor control apparatus 10 increases the output frequency f (S25).
When the amount of change dVdc/dt is zero or a negative value, the motor control apparatus 10 regards the output frequency f as the value flast in the last cycle, and maintains the output frequency f (S26).
Next, the motor control apparatus 10 determines whether the bus voltage Vdc is equal to or larger than the second voltage threshold VS2 or the bus voltage Vdc is smaller than the second voltage threshold VS2 (S27).
When the bus voltage Vdc is equal to or larger than the second voltage threshold VS2, the motor control apparatus 10 proceeds the processing to S29 and later steps.
When the bus voltage Vdc is smaller than the second voltage threshold VS2, the motor control apparatus 10 turns off the flag indicating the bus voltage decrease step, and multiplies the deceleration rate of the output frequency f by 1⁄2. Then, the motor control apparatus 10 proceeds the processing to S29 and later steps.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the present disclosure may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

## Claims

1. A motor control apparatus comprising:
a voltage regulator configured to execute a voltage increase mode to increase a voltage applied to an induction motor from a lower limit of a first predetermined range over time;
a frequency regulator configured to execute a frequency decrease mode to decrease a frequency of the applied voltage from an upper limit of a second predetermined range over time, the frequency regulator being configured to limit decrease of the frequency when a bus voltage of a bus exceeds a first threshold in the frequency decrease mode, the bus supplying DC power to an inverter to drive the induction motor;
a mode changer configured to alternatively change the voltage increase mode and the frequency decrease mode so as to control the induction motor to change from a free running state to a state in which the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy a predetermined relationship; and
a determinator configured to determine whether the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy the predetermined relationship,
wherein the frequency regulator is configured to:
gradually increase the frequency over time in response to a determination that the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is a positive value, or
maintain the frequency at a constant value over time in response to a determination that the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is zero or a negative value.

2. The motor control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frequency regulator is configured to increase the frequency when the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and when an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is a positive value.

3. The motor control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frequency regulator is configured to maintain the frequency when the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and when an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is not a positive value.

4. The motor control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the bus voltage becomes smaller than a second threshold smaller than the first threshold, the frequency regulator is configured to resume decreasing the frequency while making an amount of decrease of the frequency per predetermined period of time smaller than an amount of decrease of the frequency per predetermined period of time corresponding to time before the frequency regulator limited the decrease of the frequency.

5. A method for controlling a motor, the method comprising:
alternatively changing a voltage increase mode executed by a voltage regulator and a frequency decrease mode executed by a frequency regulator, the voltage increase mode being for increasing a voltage applied to an induction motor from a lower limit of a predetermined range over time, the frequency decrease mode being for decreasing a frequency of the applied voltage from an upper limit of a predetermined range over time;
limiting decrease of the frequency so as to control the induction motor to change from a free running state to a state in which the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy a predetermined relationship when a bus voltage of a bus exceeds a first threshold in the frequency decrease mode, the bus supplying DC power to an inverter to drive the induction motor;
maintaining or increasing the frequency over time when the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold by:
gradually increasing the frequency over time with the frequency regulator in response to a determination that the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is a positive value, or
maintaining the frequency at a constant value over time with the frequency regulator in response to a determination that the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is zero or a negative value; and

determining whether the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy the predetermined relationship.

6. A motor control apparatus comprising:
a voltage regulator configured to execute a voltage increase mode to increase a voltage applied to an induction motor from a lower limit of a first predetermined range over time;
frequency regulating means for executing a frequency decrease mode to decrease a frequency of the applied voltage from an upper limit of a second predetermined range over time, the frequency regulating means being for limiting decrease of the frequency when a bus voltage of a bus exceeds a first threshold in the frequency decrease mode, the bus supplying DC power to an inverter to drive the induction motor;
a mode changer configured to alternatively change the voltage increase mode and the frequency decrease mode so as to control the induction motor to change from a free running state to a state in which the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy a predetermined relationship; and
determining means for determining whether the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy the predetermined relationship,
the frequency regulating means being for:
gradually increasing the frequency over time in response to a determination that the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is a positive value, or
maintaining the frequency at a constant value over time in response to a determination that the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is zero or a negative value.

7. The motor control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determinator determines whether the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy the predetermined relationship by comparing relative magnitudes of the applied voltage and the frequency.

8. The motor control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the voltage regulator increases the voltage applied to the induction motor while the frequency of the applied voltage is held constant.

9. The motor control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frequency regulator decreases the frequency of the applied voltage while the voltage applied to the induction motor is held constant.

10. The method for controlling a motor according to claim 5, wherein the determining whether the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy the predetermined relationship is performed by comparing relative magnitudes of the applied voltage and the frequency.

11. The method for controlling a motor according to claim 5, wherein the executing the voltage increase mode increases the voltage applied to the induction motor while the frequency of the applied voltage is held constant.

12. The method for controlling a motor according to claim 5, wherein the executing the frequency decrease mode decreases the frequency of the applied voltage while the voltage applied to the induction motor is held constant.

13. The motor control apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the determinator determines whether the applied voltage and the frequency satisfy the predetermined relationship by comparing relative magnitudes of the applied voltage and the frequency.

14. The motor control apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the voltage regulator increases the voltage applied to the induction motor while the frequency of the applied voltage is held constant.

15. The motor control apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the frequency regulator decreases the frequency of the applied voltage while the voltage applied to the induction motor is held constant.

16. The motor control apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the frequency regulator decreases the frequency of the applied voltage while the voltage applied to the induction motor is held constant.

17. The method for controlling a motor according to claim 11, wherein the executing the frequency decrease mode decreases the frequency of the applied voltage while the voltage applied to the induction motor is held constant.

18. The motor control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the frequency regulating means decreases the frequency of the applied voltage while the voltage applied to the induction motor is held constant.

19. The motor control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a voltage determinator configured to:
perform the determination that the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is a positive value and output a result of the determination to the frequency regulator, or
perform the determination that the bus voltage exceeds the first threshold and an amount of change in the bus voltage per predetermined period of time is zero or a negative value and output a result of the determination to the frequency regulator.