Bulletin No. 270 . Series B, Descriptive Geology, 73 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. VVALCOTT, DIHECTOK

THE 

CONFIGURATION OF THE

ROCK FLOOR OF 

GREATER NEW YORK

BY 

WILLIAM HERBERT HOBBS

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT. PRINTING OFFICE

1905

CONTENTS.

Page.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL .................................................. 7

PART I. STRUCTURAL STUDIES ............................................. .9

Introduction......................................................... 9

Aids to geological studies on Manhattan Island..................... 9

Engineering enterprises that have pierced the rock floor............ 10

Keview of structural geological studies of the New York City area.... 12

Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx ........................ 12

Gale .................................................... 12

Mather.................................................. 12

Cozzens ................................................. 12

Stevens.................................................. 12

Credner................................................. 13

Newberry ............................................... 13

Dana.................................................... 14

Russell.................................................. 14

Kemp ................................................... 14

Merrill .................................................. 15

Eckel ................................................... 16

Gratacap ................................................ '16

Julien ..................... i.............................. 17

Peet..................................................... 19

Hobbs .................................................. 19

Area west of the Hudson...................................... 19

Comment.................................................... 20

Scope of the present study .................................... 20

Form of the rock pedestal of Manhattan ............................... 21

Exposed portion of the rock basement............................. 21

Covered portion of the basement .................................. 22

Transverse sections of the island....... -. ................ : .......... 25

Longitudinal sections of the island................................. 26

Along Broadway from the Battery to 33d street ................ 26

Along Lenox and Westchester avenues from 96th street to Melrose avenue................................................ 27

Along Broadway and Eleventh avenue between 72d and Dyckman streets ................................................ 29

PART II. BORINGS MADE IN NEW YORK AND VICINITY .................... 30

Borings beneath channels on water front............................... 30

East River front.................................................. 30

Dock and bulkhead lines......:.....,......................... 30

Miscellaneous......... ......................................i. 31.
4 CONTENTS.

PART II. BOEINGS MADE IN NEW YORK AND VICINITY Continued. PageBorings beneath channels on water front Continued.

East River sections............................................... 32

East River Gas Company's tunnel............................. 32

Bridges NOB. 2, 3, and 4 ...................................... 32

East River reefs.............................................. 34

Center line of 42d street (produced) ........................... 34

Pennsylvania Railroad tunnel................................. 34

New York-Brooklyn tunnel of rapid, transit commission ........ 35

Hudson River front.............................................. 36

Dock, bulkhead, and pier lines. ............................... 36

Miscellaneous. ................................................ 38

Hudson River sections..............................'.............. 40

Reef one-fourth mile from pier A.............................. 40

Bedloe Island................................................. 40

McAdoo tunnel .............................................". 40

Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island Railroad tunnel...... 40

Proposed bridge at 59th street................................. 41

Harlem River front and sections .................................. 41

Spuyten Duyvil Bridge ....................................... 41

Dock line.................................................... 41

Washington and High bridges ................................ 42

New aqueduct.................................................. 42

Macomb's dam, Central Bridge...............................'. 43

Line 400 feet east of Central Bridge. ............................ 43

New York Central and 145th street bridges .................... . 43

Rapid-transit tunnel......................'.................... 43

Madison, Park, Third, Second, and Willis avenue bridges....... 44

Borings in the Borough of Manhattan................................... 44

Line of subway .................................................. 44

On or near Broadway......................... '................ 44

On Lexington avenue, 110th street, and 34th street............. 45

Profile along Broadway............................................. 49

Foundations of tall buildings......................... ............ 51

Lines of 31st, 32d, 33d, and 34th streets............................ 55

Along Fourth avenue....................... 1 ..... ^..^............ 58

Riverside Park extension ......................................... 59

Riverside and Manhattan viaducts and Tenth avenue............... 66

Records from miscellaneous sources ............................... 67

Borings in the outlying boroughs arid in other localities near New York.. 83

Borough of Brooklyn............................................. 83

Borough of Queens.....'............:...........................-.. .86

Borough of the Bronx ............................................ 87

Adjacent points in New Jersey and elsewhere .....'................. -89

INDEX ....................'............................................... 95
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.

PLATE. I. Map of the southern portion of Manhattan Island, with portions of 

the Long Island and New Jersey shores, showing the configuration 

of the rock floor............................................... 20

II. Map of northern and eastern portions of Manhattan Island, showing

the configuration of the rock floor............................... 22

III. Sketch map of Manhattan Island, showing the location of some of the

river sections .................................'................ 24

IV. Series of profiles across the Harlem River, showing the position and

configuration of the rock surface ............................... 26

V. Section of the rock basement of Manhattan along the line of Broadway from the Battery to 33d street............................. 28

FIG. 1. Rock surface beneath the new Stock Exchange building, between New

and Broad streets ............................................... 11

2. Sketch map of Manhattan Island (after Kerap)..................... 15

3. Sketch map of Manhattan Island, showing location of special transverse

and longitudinal sections ........................................ 24

4. Transverse sections across Manhattan Island between 31st and 34th

streets.. ....................................................... 25

5. Section along Lenox and AVestchester avenues from 96th street, Manhattan, to Melrose avenue, Bronx................................ 28

6. Section along Broadway and Eleventh avenue from 72d street to Dyckrnan street....................................................... 28

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

DEPARTMENT or THE INTERIOR, 

UNITED STATICS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

Washington, D. 0., February 14, 1905.

SIR: I transmit herewith the manuscript of a report on "The Configuration of the Rock Floor of Greater New York," by William H. 

Hobbs, and recommend its publication as a1 bulletin.

The report contains a large amount of geological information of the 

highest importance to engineers engaged in construction work in New 

York involving excavations for foundations and other purposes. The 

facts are presented by both verbal and graphic means in such a manner as to be most useful to the engineer, and at the same time to be 

nighty suggestive and valuable to the student of geolog}^. 

Very respectfully,

C. W. HAYES,

Geologist in Charge of Geology. 

Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT,

Director United States Geological Survey.

CONFIGURATION. OF THE ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER

NEW YORK.

By WILLIAM H. HOBBS.

' PART I.-STRUCTURAL STUDIES.

INTRODUCTION.

AIDS TO GEOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MANHATTAN ISLAND.

Accurate maps.-. The ear^y importance of Manhattan Island in commercial and economic lines and its entry upon great engineering' enterprises which require a penetration of the rock floor have greatly 

facilitated the work of the structural geologist within the area. As 

early as 1821 the city was laid out, and the gridiron of numbered 

streets and avenues has not only .been responsible for a precision and 

accuracy of the early maps, rarely obtainable elsewhere, but has given 

to even casual geological observations unusual value. Tftandall's map 

of the island, submitted in sections between the years 1811 and 1821, 

now preserved in the office of the commissioner of public works, gives 

the precise locations of all the old farms in relation to watercourses 

and topography. .It comprises four volumes of 92 sheets of map, size 

25 by 37 inches, on scale of 100 feet to the inch. General Viele's map, 

on the scale of 1,000 feet to the inch,.was published in 1874," and is 

based upon Randall's map. It shows the original shore line of the 

island, the mainland, the drainage system, the topography, and the 

location of each exposure south of Manhattanville, all superimposed 

upon the gridiron of streets and avenues. The accuracy of this map 

has been abundantly attested by engineers, real estate men, and others, 

who habitually use it, and, .so far as the exposures of rock are concerned, it has been tested by the writer, both by comparison with the 

early reports of geologists upon Manhattan Island and by examination 

in the field.

Sections along the cross streets of the city were early made to establish the grade, and rnaiTy of the engineers made careful, note in their

a Viele,' Egbert L., Topographic Atlas of the City oi' New York, 1874.
10 EOnK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.-

sections of the surface exposures of rock. These series of sections are 

on file in the office of the commissioner of public works. The New York 

City folio a has supplied detailed topographic, geological, and surficial 

geological maps of the area in this vicinity.

ENGINEERING ENTERPRISES WHICH HAVE PIERCED THE ROCK

FLOOR.

It is safe to say that at no time in the earth's history has there been 

such a focus for engineering enterprises as is now to be found within 

the 50 or more square miles included upon Manhattan Island and its 

water fronts enterprises which are estimated to cost several hundred 

millions of dollars. The subway and the tunnels of the rapid transit 

commission; the East River bridges, Nos. 2, 3, and 4; the proposed 

tunnels of the Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island Railroad 

Company from Weehawken, beneath the island, to Long Island City, 

with the extensions of the system in Brooklyn and the Bronx, including the projected bridge from Long Island City to the Bronx across 

Wards and Randall islands; and the United States Government's dredging of the Buttermilk and Ambrose channels and of the Man-o'-War 

and Diamond reefs are some of the larger of these enterprises. While 

these vastly outweigh in importance all engineering undertakings 

that have previously been carried out within the area, the earlier Government work in improving the channel at Hell Gate by removing 

Flood and Mill rocks still ranks as an engineering enterprise among 

the first of its kind in the world. The Brooklyn Bridge, the Croton 

and the new New York aqueducts, Dyckman's cut in the ship canal at 

Kingsbridge, the East River Gas Company's tunnel from Manhattan 

t3 Long Island City beneath Blackwells Island, the Jersey City-New 

York tunnel beneath the Hudson River, and the many bridges which 

now span the Harlem River must all be included in the great engineering undertakings which have facilitated the work of the geologist 

within the New York City area. These enterprises have together furnished more than 35 sections across the rivers forming the water front 

of the island, many of them revealing the nature of the subjacent rock, 

and not a few giving nearly complete sections across it.

The present is, then, an especially favorable time to study the geological structure of Greater New York, and it is perhaps nowhere else 

so important that observations be made and recorded at once lest the 

opportunity be forever lost. Not only do the great engineering undertakings above referred to make the present an especially favorable 

time for study, but the enormous increase in the value of real estate 

upon Manhattan Island is resulting in a paring down of all rock

"Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 83, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902.
HOB138.] ENGINEEEITSTG ENTEEPEISES. 11

masses which project above the general level in order to make room 

for business blocks and apartment houses. The majority of the rock 

exposures described by Dana and other early observers are now no 

longer to be seen, and those still uncovered by blocks and pavements

New St.

Broad St.

FiCf. 1. Rock surface beneath new Stock Exchange building, between New and Broad streets.

Contour interval, 1 foot.

will in a very few years have disappeared from view. That a like 

irregularity of surface characterizes the covered portions of the basement at the south end of the. island is amply demonstrated by recent 

excavations (see, for example, tig. 1).
12 BOOK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL.270.

REVIEW OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE NEW

YORK CITY AREA.

BOROUGHS OF MANHATTAN AND THE BRONX.

Gale. The earliest geological work of importance treating of the 

geology of New York Island is a paper by Dr. L. D. Gale, dated 1839. 

As quoted by R. P. Stevens, Gale" describes the geological topography 

of the island as a " group of' gneissoid islands separated from each other 

l)y low levels slightly elevated above tide and filled with drift and alluvium" It would be difficult even now to express better the peculiarities of the relief of the island.

Gale's geological report, published in Mather's volume, on the 

Geology of the First District 5 is a careful description of outcrops 

examined along longitudinal sections of the island, corresponding in 

position with the principal avenues. This descriptive matter has much 

value as a record of exposures, many of which have since been pared 

away in grading the city. He says in resume:

The general direction of the strata is N. 25° E. to N. 35° E. and corresponds with 

the direction of the avenues; and the dip, though generally to the west, averages 

within 10° of the vertical.

Mather.- Mather's report contains a geological map of Manhattan 

Island and in addition to the valuable section by Gale, above referred 

to, includes an important table giving a large number of dips and 

strikes, and a table of joint dii ections as well. c

Cozzens. Isaachar Cozzens published in 1843 a little volume on the 

Geology of Manhattan Island ^ which is chiefly valuable as a record of 

the character of exposures which are no longer accessible, for study.

Stevens. In 1865 appeared a valuable-paper by Mr. R. P. Stevens, 

of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, in which paper the 

rock composition and the structure of the island were much more fully 

discussed than at any previous time. 05 The peculiar topographic development of the island was accounted for in part by folding,' but more 

largely by faulting. His diagonal section across the northern end of 

the island shows five transverse folds in the gneiss and undertying 

limestone. The western and the eastern .anticlines of the series he 

supposed brought up the limestone in the beds of Hudson and East 

rivers, respectively, thus accounting in part for the formation of 

these channels. He supposed another anticline to follow the gorge of 

the Harlem between Washington and Fordham heights. The remaining two anticlines of his series he based upon the occurrences of lime-

"Stevens, R. P., Hist. Geol. New York Island: Annals .Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 8,1865, pp. 

108-120.

&Mather, Wm. W., Geol. New York, pt. 1,1843, pp. 581-604. 

o Idem, pp. 605-625. . . 

d Cozzens, Isaachar, Geol. New York, 1843, pp. 1-114, pis. 1-9.
HOBBS.] STRUCTURAL GEOLOGICAL STUDIES. 13

stone on 132d street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues, and on 122d 

street, between Third and Fourth avenues. The "islands of gneiss" 

upon the island, which .Gale so well describes, Stevens accounted for 

by a network of longitudinal and transverse fractures, of which seven 

transverse fractures are mentioned, including one which separates 

the island from Westchester County, and five longitudinal ones. The 

three large longitudinal fractures follow the gorges of Hudson, Harlem (between Washington and Fordham heights), and East rivers. The 

more important of the cross faults were located along Spuyten Duyvil 

Creek, through the gorge at Tubby Hook, and through the Manhattanville valle}7 . He says:

Our rocks are a portion of the mainland in Westchester County, from which we 

are cut off by a profound fault, a cross fracture in part, originally narrow, but widened 

by the abrading power of water and ice, gravel and bowlders, and, in part, by rupture of the strata longitudinally, with subsequent abrasion.

Beginning on the North River, at Spuy ten Duyvil Bridge, the first cross fracture 

extends SSE. 1,500 feet; then commences a longitudinal fracture, extending to Tubby 

Hook, the Spuyten Duyvil-Creek flowing in it for 2,000 feet. Another cross fracture 

then commences, extending to the Harlem Kiver, in which the 'creek flows 1,000 

feet, then it enters another longitudinal fracture, in which it flows NNE. 4,000 feet, 

where it meets with another cross fracture for 2,000 feet. Thence a longitudinal 

fracture extends as far southward as McConib's dam and bridge, running parallel 

with the North River; thence the fracture slightly inclines southeastward to Hurlgate, on the East River.

At Tubby Hook there is another cross fracture, extending from the North River 

into the second longitudinal one. At Manhattanville there is another, reaching 

across the entire island.

Between the islands in the East River and the New York Island there is a longitudinal fracture through limestone and gneiss, extending from the mainland as far 

south as Avenue A. South of this point we infer a continuation of it to the southern 

extremity of the island. A similar longitudinal fracture begins at Dobbs Ferry and 

Hastings, through the same rocks as the eastern, and extends the whole length of 

the island, forming the channel of the North River, separating it from New Jersey.

Stevens was the first to recognize clearly the prevailing southerly 

pitch of the rocks throughout the .island as well as in the area of the 

Bronx. a '

Credn&r. A paper by Credner, published in 1865, b adds little to 

what was already known of the structural geology of the island.

Neivberry. A very graphic picture of the later phases in the physiographic, development of New York Island was given by Newbeny in 

18'78. c

The elevation of the land in Tertiary times, followed by the sharp 

incision of the valleys, the subsequent submergence and flooding of 

these valleys, the abrasion and. filling accomplished in the Glacial

« Stevens, K. P., Hist. Geol. New York Island: Annals Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 8, 1865, p. 119.

'>Credner, Hermann, Geognostische Skizze der Umgegend von New York: Zeitschr. Deutsch. geol. 

Gesell., Berlin,.vol. 17, 1865, p. 390.

cNewberry, J. S., Geol. hist. New York island and harbor: Pop. Sci. Monthly, vol. 13, 1878, pp. 

641-660.
14 BOCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL.270.

epoch, and the local scouring1 out of channels during Champlain time, 

were all well brought out in this paper. Newberry regarded East 

River as the last reach of Housatonic River of Connecticut before 

discharging into the Hudson, which was then carrying the waters from 

the Laurentian system of lakes. a

Dana. In an excellent paper on the Geology of Northern Manhattan and the Bronx, 6 J. D. Dana printed a geological map covering the areas of the present boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx 

north of Central Park, on a scale of 2 inches to the mile. This 

map, by reason of the numerous dip and strike symbols entered upon 

it, is practically an outcrop map. The position and the attitudes of the 

rock masses upon the island Dana accounted for through a system of 

folds which strike with the avenues. His sections show three synclines 

and two intervening anticlines between Inwood on the northwest 

and East River upon the east. The gorge at Manhattanville, which 

crosses the direction of the strike, Dana thought "probably had its 

initiation in an oblique wrenching and faulting of the rocks." He 

noted the offset between the gneiss upland which "lies north of the 

Manhattanville valley and that to the south. Referring in his resume* 

to the fundamental features of New York Island, he says:

Finally, we may conclude that the predeterminations of the fundamental features 

of New York Island date back to .the era of the Lower Silurian, and to the epoch of 

mountain making at its close. No other rocks that now remain have been added by 

subsequent geological operations excepting the loose or unconsolidated material of 

the surface. Fissures and faults may have occurred through subterranean movements, but the work of separating its ledges has gone forward chiefly by the action 

of the sun, 'atmosphere, ocean, rivers, and ice, and the present condition, barring 

human encroachments, is the final result.

Russell. In his paper on the Geology of Hudson County, N. J., c 

Russell has furnished many important data from borings upon Manhattan Island, which reveal both the depth of rock from the surface 

and the nature of the rock encountered.

K&mp. In a paper published in 1887 Kerap^ gives a general summaiy of the rock distribution upon Manhattan Island and adopts 

Dana's view of the structure. Reviewing the sections of Stevens, he 

objects to the four or five sjmclines suggested. He argues:

But this does not seem to me to be warranted by the facts. If the original stratum 

has been doubled up so many times, it could only have been very thin when horizontal. * * * It does not seem reasonable that so broadly extended and so thin 

a stratum could by any possible convulsion be doubled up together so as to give 

these results. The synclinal mapped seems beyond dispute; as for dividing up the 

strata each side of it, I do not feel justified in doing it.

aNewberry, J. S., Techn. Quart., vol. 13,1900, p. 121; also, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 13,1901, p. 24. 

&Dana, J. D., Geological relations of the limestone belts of Westchester County and northern New 

York Island: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 21, 1881, pp. 425-443, and vol. 22, 1881, pp. 313-315. 

c Russell, I.C., Geology of Hudson County, N. J.: Annals NewYorkAcad. Sci., vol. 2,1882, pp. 66-79. 

dKemp, J. P., Geology of Manhattan Island: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1887, pp. 49-65.
HOBBS.] STRUCTURAL GEOLOGICAL STUDIES. 15

Referring to Dana's theory of the origin of the Manhattanville valley, he says:

Professor- Dana has noted 

evidence tending to show that 

theManhattanville depression 

is due to an oblique wrenching 

and faulting of the rocks, and 

it is possible that the same 

movement may have caused 

the breaks at Inwood and 

Spuyten Duyvil.

The paper contains a 

geological map which has 

the excellent but unusual peculiarity that the 

larger drift-covered 

areas are represented. 

In the alluvial flats of 

Harlem three parallel 

tongues of limestone 'or 

dolomite are represented 

trending with the avenues and extending from 

Harlem River southward 

for distances averaging 1 

mile. (See fig. 2.)

Merrill Dr. F. J. H. 

Merrill, recently the 

State geologist of New 

York, has published a 

number of brief notes a 

on the geology of New 

York Island, and recentl}7 a more extended 

report in the New York 

City folio. * He follows 

Dana in believing the 

structure of the island 

to be conditioned largely 

as a result of a sj^stem 

of longitudinal and transverse flexures, the trend of the former being 

in the general direction of the Jong axis of the island or of its avenues.

« Merrill, F. J. H., (1) Metamorphic strata of southeastern New York: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 

39, 1890, pp. 383-392. (2) New York State Museum, 1896. (3) Geology of Greater New York: Trans. 

New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 371. (4) Note on the colored clays recently exposed in railroad cuttings near Morrisariia, N. Y.: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 9, 1889, pp. 45-46.

6 Geologic Atlas U. S., folio 83, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902, pp. 3-6.

FIG. 2. Sketch map of Manhattan Island. (After Kernp.)
16 BOOK FLOOR OF GEEATEE NEW YOKE. [BUM,. 270.

His map has entered upon it also the cross faults located by Dana a't 

Manhattanville, an additional parallel fault south of Hell Gate, and a 

third between Randall Island and the Bronx. He distinguishes two 

divisions of the gneiss, the lower or Fordham gneiss of pre'-Cam brian 

age, t3^pically represented in Fordham Heights; the upper Hudson 

schist of Silurian age, said to be typically represented in Washington 

Heights. Above the lower gneiss formation is a quartzite (Poughquag quartzite) of Cambrian age, Avhich in the area here considered 

is exposed at but two localities, viz, on the eastern shore of the Harlem 

gorge near Morris dock, and three-fourths of a mile farther to the east 

in the town of Tremont. Above the quartzite and immediately below 

the Hudson schist is the limestone formation (Stockbridge limestone) 

of Cambro- Silurian age. This formation is largely developed at Claremont, Melrose, and Mott Haven, within the Bronx area; in numerous 

exposures in the vicinity of Inwood and Kingsbridge; and it was formerly to be found also at several localities near the northeast end of 

the Borough of Manhattan. (PL II..) Merrill believes the low alluvial flats of Harlem have been eroded in limestone, and draws his 

boundaries to correspond with this view. It is likewise assumed that 

a limestone belt crosses the western end of Randall Island, and that 

two parallel belts cross Wards Island in a north-northeast direction. 

The main river channels about the island he regards as underlain 

throughout by limestone and formed in consequence of this fact.

Ecltel. In a brief paper published in 1899, Eckel" announces the 

classification of the rocks of southeastern New York, as held by Dr. 

C. R. Van Hise and Dr. F. J. H. Merrill, to be as follows:

OKDOVICIAN:

1. Manhattan schist mica schist, containing garnet, fibrolite, kyanite, and 

staurolfte. Hudson River age.

2. Inwood limestone crystalline dolomite, containing diopside and tremolite.

Calciferous-Trenton age. 

CAMBRIAN:

1. Lowerre quartzite. 

PKE-CAMBRIAN:

1. Fordham gneiss. Algonkian?

2. Granites and gneisses. Archean?

A.t a time beginning not later than the Upper Silurian, and possibly continuing at 

intervals to the end of the Paleozoic, these strata were thrown into parallel folds 

having a general northeasterly trend. Transverse folding has resulted in a general 

gentle pitch to the southwest, and overthrown folds are common. (F. J. H. Merrill).

Of the formations mentioned above, the Manhattan schist and Inwood limestone 

form the surface or subsurface strata over the greater part of Manhattan Island, 

though at one place a small extent of the Fordham gneiss is exposed.

Gratacap. In a popular treatise on Greater New York,* Gratacap has brought together the work of many observers and added

aEckel, E. C., Intrusives in the Inwood limestone of Manhattan Island: Am. Geol., vol. 23, 1899, 

pp. 122-124, pi. 3. 

b Gratacap, L. P., Geology of the City of Greater New York, 1902, pp. 1-82. (Privately published.)
HOBBS.] STRUCTITKAL GEOLOGICAL STUDIES. 17

observations of his own respecting the topography and geology of the 

island. lie appears to favor the view that the present configuration 

of the island has been brought about in part as a result of folding and 

in part by faulting. On page 36, he says:

At the extreme western end of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek the opening of the 

Hudson suggests a crack, fault, or fissure; but east of this, at the cut of the railroad, 

the line of the creek seems to mark the delimitation of the limestone on the south 

from the gneiss on the north, and the creek has its bed in limestone, as the streams 

generally do in Westchester County (Dana). * * * This limestone underlies the 

Harlem River and is produced in long prolongations underneath Fourth and Fifth 

avenues (at 132d street), and also under Eighth avenue, interrupted by gneiss, 

which appears to hold it in synclinal troughs.

Gratacap apparently accepts the views of Dana regarding the fault 

at Manhattanville, and infers similar faults at Jnwood (Tubby Hook) 

and along Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Stevens's assumption, and that of 

Dana and Merrill, that the Hudson has cut a deep gorge in a rock 

hypothetically considered as limestone, he considers an unlikely supposition (p. 39). The course of the Harlem River below 155th street he 

thinks probably is in a shortened .synclinal trough (p. 40). a

Julien. As a result of a careful and thorough investigation of the 

dikes of basic igneous rock occurring on Manhattan Island, New 

York, Julien ft has produced a map which gives the orientation of the 

intrusions of basic rock upon the island. The great majority of 

these strike practically parallel to the avenues or parallel to the Hudson River shore, as will be clearly shown by inspection of his map. 

He says (p. 429):

A linear arrangement of many exposures along the strike is apparent, but these 

were in most cases found to be interrupted without connection in the interspaces.

As to indications of structure displayed by these diorites and hornblende schists, Julien says that they testify at once to both extreme 

plasticity and extreme rigidity in comparison with the inclosing gneiss 

(pp. 430~-432):

First: Plication and corrugation of layers. The evidence of extreme plasticity in 

this rock during the general folding and kneading to which the strata of the island 

have been subjected is very markedly and frequently shown, not only by numerous 

folds with zigzag crumpling and distortion of the beds, but by corrugation of the 

layers even down to fine laminae.

Second: Fracture and faulting. Evidence of extreme rigidity and brittleness are 

often also shown in the same beds in which corrugation and crumpling are prominent. These are'crossed often abundantly by seams or veins of gray or white quartz, 

or of pegmatitic material, which run usually parallel to each other and at right 

angles to the foliation of the schist. . * * * Such fractures plainly testify that the 

hornblendic beds have lain as rigid masses during the movements of the inclosing 

gneiss and have yielded only by rupture along the cross planes.

"Descriptions ot special outcrops are given by Heinrich Kies in Trails. New York A cad. Sci., vol. 

10, 1891, pp. 113-114.

b Julien, Alexis A., Genesis of the amphibole schists and serpentines of Manhattan Island': Bull. 

Geol. Soc. America, vol. 14,1903, pp. 421-494, pis. 60-63.

Bull. 270 05 2
18 ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

An excellent example still remains open to examination on the west side of 

St. Nicholas avenue, about West One hundred and thirty-eighth street. * *' * 

One such fault vein, 2 feet wide, is filled by a friction breccia made up of angular 

fragments of the rock inclosed in brownish-white quartz (fig. 1), the walls of the 

fracture lined by hackly projections of the torn rock along both sides, as if they had 

been wrenched apart and rubbed together.

At other localities, as, for example, at the huge pit on Spuyten Duyvil Creek, portions of the hornblendic rock are traversed by innumerable veinlets of quartz or 

pegmatite, indicating a shattered and even brecciated mass.

Julien shows that the hydrated rock masses are in all probability 

altered basic igneous intrusions, the theory of alteration from impure 

limestones and that of metamorphism of ferruginous sediments being 

fully stated and rejected. Concerning the stages of metamorphism of 

the district, .he says (pp. 424-425): o

The first was concerned in the early consolidation of the sediments, followed progressively by their crystalline alteration, with development of certain new minerals 

biotite, albite, and staurolite. ~

Then ensued the general impregnation of all the layers with pegmatitic material.

Next came the intrusion of a series of pegmatite dikes, cutting each other in succession, and all, so far as yet known, intersecting the pegmatite lenses of the preceding 

generation. With these orogenic movements seem to have been connected, with 

extensive folding, crumpling, and faulting of all the beds of gneiss, schist, and limestone, and a further increase of crystalline structure, development from micas and 

feldspars of another group of minerals requiring a condition of high temperature, 

such as muscovite, sillimanite, fibrolite, cyanite, and tourmaline.

Finally, down to the present period, ensued the oxidization, hydration, and partial leeching of the less considerable constituents of the schist by meteoric waters, 

with partial decomposition, etc.. .

In regard to the mocle of occurrence of the amphibole-schists, this 

author says:

These occur interpolated among all the gneisses of the island, and -though often 

found in proximity to the limestone are never inclosed by it nor in contact with it.

He further says:

These schists have been observed only in the northern part of the island, the 

greater part of whose surface, shown on the-map, is occupied by buried gneisses in 

beds tilted up almost everywhere at very high angles, with a general strike of N. 

28° E.. . '

In another contribution, referring to the pegmatites of the island 

of Manhattan, Julien a shows that these exist in at least two series, of 

which the oldest is the more extensive^ intercalated among the foliation seams and is coincident with the strike. The later series, on the 

other hand, cuts the schist in various directions and inclinations. He 

adds:

Some of the most prominent features are the results of pressure upon the original 

veins through orogenic movements of the stratum of schists, viz, fissuring, faulting, 

crushing, etc.

a Julien, A: A., Notes on the origin of the- pegnaaUties, Manhattan Island: Science, n.ser., vol. 12, 

1900, pp. 1006-1007.
HOBBS.] STRUCTURAL GEOLOGICAL STUDIES. 19

Peet. In a recent extended report on the Glacial and post-Glacial 

history of the Hudson Valley, Peet" favors the view that the Hudson 

water body was in post-Glacial time a lake impounded by the moraine, 

the inlet now existing through the moraine having been formed by 

the cutting down of the lake outlet to the present narrows. He says:

In conclusion it may be stated that, while no single argument seems to be fatal to 

the salt:water hypothesis accounting for the Hudson water body, unless those drawn 

from the phenomena on the outside of the moraine be such, it is likewise true that 

the facts are not fatal to the lake hypothesis, unless the sponge spicules reported 

from Croton represent salt-water species. Aside from these sponge spicules, the 

weight of the evidence seems to be in favor of the lake hypothesis.

Hobbs. Still more recently the writer 6 has made a study of the 

channels surrounding Manhattan Island, and 'has shown that limestone 

has been but seldom encountered in them, except along Harlem River, 

where for a portion of its length, between Kingsbridge and McComb's 

dam, the stream flows in a fault gorge, and where in another portion it cuts diagonally across belts of gneiss and limestone south of 

McComb's dam. In this latter section of the river there is no rock 

channel corresponding to the present river and the rock floor is without uniform slope in either direction, but is characterized by marked 

irregularity. Stevens's view that the location of the channels has 

been largely conditioned by a set of fractures is adopted as the most 

probable one.

AKEA WEST OF THE HUDSON.

It will not be necessary here to review the voluminous literature 

descriptive of the type area of the Newark series. The rocks of this 

series, which are represented in the New York area, as here limited, 

comprise sandstones and shales with intrusive sills and dikes of basalt 

or diabase, all of which, except the dikes, dip at a low angle (10°-15°) 

to the northwest. All recent writers on this area have regarded the 

system as a faulted monocline with the main faults trending in a northnortheast direction. All are in accord in stating that the number of 

faults which must be present is in excess of those Avhicb have been 

described. The more important papers upon the area are the following:

RUSSELL, I. C. Physical history of the Triassic formation in New Jersey and the 

Connecticut Valley: Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1878, pp. 220-256.

COOK, G. H. Bed sandstone or Triassic formation: Ann. Kept. State Geologist New 

Jersey, 1879, pp. 18-35. (Contains colored map.)

RUSSELL, I. C. Geology of Hudson County, N. J.: Annals New York Acad. Sci., 

' vol. 2, 1882, pp. 27-80.

DA vis, WM. M. Relations of the Triassic traps and sandstones of the eastern United 

States: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Coll., vol. 7, 1883, pp. 250-309.

a Peet, C. E., Glacial and post-Glacial history of the Hudson and Champlain valleys: Jour. Geol., 

vol. 12,1904, pp. 415-469, 617-660.

&Hobbs, W. H., Origin of the channels surrounding Manhattan Island: Bull. Gcol.Soc. America, 

vol. 16,1905, pp. 157-182, pi. 35.
20 ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL.270.

DARTON, N. H. Relations of the traps of the Newark system in the New Jersey 

region: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 67, 1890, pp. 1-82, 6 pis.

RUSSELL, I. C. Correlation papers the Newark system: Bull. Tl. S. Geol. Survey 

No. 85, 1892, pp. 1-344, 13 pis. (Especially pp. 83-95.)

KUMMEL, H. B. The Newark system, report of progress: Ann. Kept. State Geologist New Jersey, 1896-97, pp. 25-88; 1897-98, pp. 25-159.

DAKTON, N. H. Geologic Atlas TJ. S., folio 83, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902, pp. 6-10.

COMMENT.

In the opinion of the writer too little weight has been accorded by 

recent observers to the importance of normal faulting in determining 

the structure of Manhattan Island. Particularly, in view of the proximity of the much-faulted Newark area across Hudson River, the 

markedly rectilinear boundaries of the island uplands, and the known 

zones of discontinuity discovered b}7 engineers in subterranean workings. Stevens, among the earlier writers, and Julien and the present 

writer among the later ones have accorded greater weight to this 

consideration. Dana assumed a cross fault at Manhattanville, and this 

has been accepted by Kemp, who suggests also that there may be 

similar cross breaks at Inwood and Spuyten Duyvil. Merrill has 

entered upon his map, in addition to the fault at Manhattanville, two 

additional cross faults, one between Hell Gate and Blackwells Island, 

and another between Kandall Island and the mainland, in order to 

account for the present positions and attitudes of the formations in 

those localities. Julien has described among others an additional 

cross fault accompanied by friction breccia at 138th street and St. 

Nicholas avenue, and has called attention to the shattering and brecciation at Spuyten Duyvil. The writer has described a number of additional fault planes which have been recently located.

SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY.

An attempt has here been made to determine the depth and the 

nature of bed rock beneath Greater New York, by means of wells and 

borings, the numerous bridge and tunnel sections, the Government 

dredgings, the reefs in mid-channel, etc., in the belief that it will contribute not only toward the solution of the geological problems of the 

area, but will greatly aid the engineers who are carrying out the enterprises previously referred to, as well as architects, contractors, and 

many others.

The investigation has been conducted by personal interviews and 

correspondence with engineers who have been in charge of public 

works, by examination of drill cores, by study of municipal and other 

reports, and by kindred methods, rather than by attack on the rocks 

themselves, though this has so far as possible been undertaken. The 

writer takes this opportunity to acknowledge his obligation to the
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN N0.270 PL.I

MAP OF THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF MANHATTAN ISLAND

WITH PORTIONS OF TliE LONG ISLAND AND NEW JERSEY SHORES, 

* SHOWING CONFIGURATION OF THE ROOK FLOOR.

Scale

imrle

19O5

o Borings to roek; figures *ivt> elevation of rock surface, referred to mean tide at Sandy Hook. 

o Borings which do not reach rook,figures give elevation, of "bottom, referred to nxonn tide at Sandy Pook. 

 The blue lines are contours of the rock floor, referred to the datum plane adopted.

US B1EN & CO.UTH.N.Y.
HOBBS.J EXPOSED POBTlOlsr OF THE BOOK BASEMKET. 21

many engineers who have so. courteousl}7" responded to his application for information in their possession. To mention all of them 

wo a Id require more space than is here available for the purpose, but 

acknowledgment should be made especially of the assistance rendered 

by the following gentlemen: Mr. George S. Rice, acting chief engineer of the rapid transit commission; Mr. J. Vipond Davies, consulting engineer; Messrs. Richard S. Buck, H. A. La Chicotte, Martin 

Gay, and Edward A. Byrne, of .the department of bridges of the city 

of New York; Mr. Alfred P. Boiler, consulting engineer; Messrs. A. 

Noble and Charles M. Jacobs, chief engineers, and their assistants of 

the Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island Railroad Company; 

Mr. Win. R. Hutton, consulting engineer; Lieutenant-Colonel Raymond and Capt. Edgar Jadwin, of the Corps of Engineers, U. S. 

Army; Mr. Corydon T. Purdy, chief engineer of the George A. Fuller 

Company; Mr. John Goodell, formerly editor of the Engineering 

Record; Mr. Oliver W. Barnes, civil engineer; and Mr. F. L. Chase, 

engineer of bridges, New York Central and Hudson River Railroad 

Company.^ The writer is especially indebted to Mr. William E. 

Brown, a member of the class of 1905 of the University of Wisconsin, who has prepared the illustrations of this report from the original 

data.

The waterways immediate!}7 surrounding Manhattan Island are, as 

is now well known, rock canj^ons having a depth to rock of nearly 200 

feet in East River, and of 300 feet or more in North River. These 

canyons are now partly filled with drift deposits bowlders, gravel, 

sand, and clay and silt. The depths to which the channels have locally 

been filled by this material are to some extent dependent upon the 

velocity of the tidal currents. At Hell Gate, where these currents are 

at a maximum, the channels have been scoured out to a depth of over 

150 feet, though the average depth of water in the eastern channels 

ranges between 30 arid 60 feet. In the Hudson channel, west of the 

island, the water depths vary between 30 and 150 feet, and. the underlying beds of detritus have been penetrated to depths of 150 to 240 

feet without meeting rock.

FORM OF THE ROCK PEDESTAL OF MANHATTAN.

EXPOSED PORTION OF THE ROCK BASEMENT.

Doctor Gale's statement that the island of New York is composed of 

"gneissoid islands" separated by low areas fitly describes that portion 

of the rock basement which projects above the drift. The maps of 

Mather 6 and Kemp, c which outline the areas of drift and alluvium

aOther acknowledgments are made on page 23 and in connection with the tables of Part IT. 

&Mather, Wrn. M., Geol. New York, pt. 1,1843, pp. 501-625. 

cTrans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1887, plate facing page 64.
22 BOOK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. lnm.L.270.

upon the island, disclose the quite striking rectilinear outlines of these 

islets. On Kemp's map in particular (fig. 2, p. 15) it is seen that there 

are two large islets and a number of smaller ones. The largest occupies the central part of Manhattan, and is roughly bounded on the 

northwest and southeast by Hudson and East rivers, respectively, 

while to the northeast and southwest it is limited by parallel and nearly 

straight lines, which conform in direction with the southerly course of 

the Harlem. The northeastern boundary,, starting from the Hudson 

shore at Manhattanville, crosses the island to the northern limit of the 

Blackwells Island gorges, just south of Hell Gate. The southwestern 

boundary begins at 32d street and Hudson River and, crossing the 

island in the same general direction as the other, would pass through 

Corlear's Hook a salient of the island upon the south. The .other 

large islet upon Manhattan comprises that portion of the island which 

is north of the Manhattanville valley, west of .Eighth avenue, and south 

of Shermans Creek. These two islets may be called, respectively, 

the Morningside Heights and the Washington Heights masses from the 

highest points of each. These highest points are in each case.at the 

northern ends, from which the surface of the terrane slopes gently 

to the south, probably largely because of a persistent southerly 

pitch of the rocks, as was early pointed out by Stevens. One of the 

group of small islets upon the island borders the Hudson between 

Tubby Hook and Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Another formerly covered 

some 90 acres of the middle portion of the Harlem flats, but has 

since bee'n reduced to the narrow limits of Mount Morris. A third, 

about 30 acres in extent, once formed the continuation of Fordbam 

Heights upon Manhattan, and a fourth, of limestone, measured but a 

fewacres'and projected from the Harlem flats at 132d street and Sixth 

(Lenox) avenue. Two other small islets were located between Fort 

George and Kingsbridge the one on the south being composed of 

schist and the other of limestone. Blackwells, Wards, and Kandall 

islands, the near-lying "sunken meadow," Flood and Mill rocks, and 

the several remaining reefs of the eastern channel should all be included 

in the list. 

COVERED PORTION OF THE ROCK BASEMENT.

So far as the writer is aware, no serious attempt has been made to 

learn the configuration of the rock floor of Manhattan beyond what 

has been accomplished in recording a small number of scattered 

observations from borings. Gale, in Mather's report, recorded some

23 borings to rocks, to which number Russell added 86, and Kemp, 

Gratacap, and others each added a few.

The recent engineering developments within the area of Manhattan 

suggested to the writer in 1901 the advisability of gathering data of 

this nature with a view to restoring in a contour map the submerged
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 270 PL.I

MAP OF NORTHERN AND EASTERN 

PORTIONS OF MANHATTAN ISLAND,

SHOWING CONKIGVRATON OK THK ROCK FLOOR.

Scale

imile

19O5

o Borings to rock; figures give elevation of rock surface, referred to

mean tide at Sandy Hook. 

o Boriugs which do not reach rock-fi-hires jyve elevation of bottom,

referred to mean tide at Sandy Hook. 

 The blue lines are contours of the rock floor, referred to the

datum plane adopted.

JULIUS BIEN & CO.LJTH.N.Y.
HOBBS.] COVERED PORTION OF THE ROCK BASEMENT. 23

rock surface of the island, the significance of rock contours within the 

Massachusetts-Connecticut area having- demonstrated the value of such 

studies. In the area on and immediately surrounding the island observations from nearly 1,500 borings or excavations to rock have been 

collected through the courtesy of many corporations and private individuals. For these valuable data the writer has been placed under 

obligations to many city and Government officials, engineers, architects, artesian-well borers, and others. In addition to those mentioned 

on page 21 as supplying the greater number of data bearing on the 

nature and depth of the rock bed of river channels, there should be 

mentioned Mr. Russell Bleicker, secretary of the department of docks; 

Mr. George Livingston, commissioner, and Mr. Joseph O. B. Webster, engineer of street borings, of the department of public works; 

Mr. Watson G. Clark and Mr. Peter Elbert Nostrand, city surveyors; 

Mr. Robert Maynicke, and Messrs. Clinton & Russell, architects; 

Mr. Palmer Campbell, general manager of the Hoboken Land and 

Improvement Company; Mr. M. S. Starrett, engineer of the Interurban Street Railway Company; Mr. Daniel E. Moran, of the Foundation and Construction Company; Mr. William D. H. Washington, 

Washington Building; Mr.-A. C. Veatch, of the Hydrographic Division, United States Geological Survey, and Mr. C. B. J. Snyder, 

architect, of the department of education. Among the contractors 

for artesian wells who have supplied valuable information are Mr. Isaac 

H. Ford, 104 Fulton street; Messrs. Stothoff Brothers, Flemington, 

N. J., and Mr. Hariy E. Estes, of the New York and New Jersey Well 

Company. Brewing companies of the city have freely supplied infor- 

. mation concerning the driven or bored wells upon their premises.

Voluminous data from these sources have been included in Part II, 

pp. 30 to 93. The greater number apply particularly to the "downtown " portion of Manhattan, south of the gneiss upland area, and to 

the area of the Harlem flats north of 110th street. The data from the 

downtown area have been entered on the map forming PI. I, after 

having been corrected so as to refer to the United States datum plane 

of mean tide at Sandy Hook."

The observations from the Harlem area have been similarly entered on 

the map forming PI. II. The grades of street intersections from which 

the depths below datum have been computed, were obtained in part 

directly from the official records, through the courtesy of Mr. George 

Livingston, commissioner, and Mr. Joseph 0. B. Webster, engineer 

of street openings, of the department of public works. The larger

nThis datum plane is the one adopted by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. It is located 2.49 feet below the datum of mean high water at New York 

City, adopted by the New York department of public works and the Rapid Transit Commission. It 

is 2.25 feet above the datum plane of mean low-water at New York City, which has been adopted by 

the New York dock department. The Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island Railroad Company 

has adopted the datum of mean high water, and to avoid the use of signs has fixed this elevation as 

300 feet.
24 EOCK FLOOR OF GEEATEE NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

number, however, have been obtained from the valuable " Memoranda 

of Elevations,"" which is in use among engineers.

It is well understood that this list does not include the records of 

all borings which have been made on the island, and it is therefore 

hoped that others will supplement them so far as possible.

FIG. 3. Sketch map of Manhattan Island showing location of special 

longitudinal and tranverse sections.

It will be well to consider the form of the rock pedestal of the island 

as it appears in important sections, which, as the result of recent

a Brown, M. B., Memoranda of Elevations, New York City (unofficial), 1883, pp. 175. (New York, 

49-51 Park place.;
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 270 PL. Ill

SKETCH MAP OF MANHATTAN ISLAND, SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF SOME OF 

THE RIVER SECTIONS.
HOBBS.] TEANSVEESE SECTIONS OF THE ISLAND. 25

Pierhead line

BylKheacJ line 

'2th Ase.

engineering works upon the island, are unusually complete. These 

are: (a) A transverse series of sections near the line of 32d street; (b) 

a longitudinal section along 

Broad w&y from the Battery to 

33d street(Pl. V); (c) a longitudinal section from near the north 

end of Central Park,.96th street, 

along Lenox and Westchester 

avenues to Melrose avenue in 

the Bronx; and (d) a longitudi- 5 

nal section along Broadway and "! 

Eleventh avenue between 72d t 

and Dyckman streets. The lo- \ 

cation of these sections will be \ 

clear from fig. 3. \

TRANSVERSE SECTIONS OF t

" THE ISLAND. \

The elaborate system of bor- \ 

ings made by the Pennsylvania, | 

New York and Long Island [ 

Railroad Company in connec- = 

tion with the projected tunnels \ 

from Weehawken to Long | 

Island City have been kindly ; 

placed at the writer's disposal | 

by Messrs. Charles M. Jacobs I 

and A. Noble, the chief en- | 

gineers, respectively, of the < 

North River and East River ; 

sections of the tunnels. The i 

sections of fig. 4 have been pre- \ 

pared by combining the records i 

of the North River tunnel sec- j 

tion, the elaborate profiles in i 

the neighborhood of the termi- j 

nal site, between Seventh and \ 

Ninth avenues, and the sheets 7 to 10 of the East River section 

of the tunnels. Thus combined, 

these sections comprise a complete section across the island 

near the line of 32d street, an 

almost complete section along 

33d street, an additional section 

along 31st street between Seventh and Ninth avenues, and a section of 

the steep eastern slope at East River near 34th street.
26 BOOK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL.270.

The borings which have been utilized in making these sections comprise some 90 well-distributed core borings, supplemented by 75 

or more intermediate wash borings. The rock was penetrated by 

the diamond drills in some cases as far as 100 feet, and revealed in all 

cases some phase of granite or gneiss, no limestone having been anywhere found.

A number of interesting results have followed from this work. It 

is first to be noted that the steep rock wall which forms the western 

margin of the island from 81st street northward to Manhattanville is 

on the line of these sections continued beneath the pierhead line of 

the Hudson shore as an equally definite topographic feature. The 

eastern wall of the island is even steeper than the western. Its surface was followed down to depths of 100 feet beneath the bulkhead line, 

and was found to rise gradually from this depth in going eastward from 

the pierhead line. Between the bulkhead and pierhead lines the rock 

surface is of great depth and was determined with difficulty. Under 

the old A pier of the 34th street ferry, approximately on the extended 

center line of 34th street and immediately in the rear of the A pier as 

it now exists, thirty-five soundings with a water-pressure drill were 

first made before a passageway was found under the surface cribwork 

and riprap of the island. The casing was finally driven to a depth of 

208 feet. Below a depth of 129£ feet, mean low water, it is stated 

that the drill entered a rotten, decomposed gneiss. Though the 

diamond drill was put in it would not make a core, and the material 

crumbled under it. a This apparently decomposed rock would appear 

to be in all respects like that which was .found along the supposed 

fault crevice in the driving of the siphon for the New York aqueduct 

under Harlem River. As regards position it would correspond in 

this instance to the continuation of one of the possible faults of the 

Blackwells Island series.

In the vicinity of the terminal site, near Eighth avenue, there is a 

deep depression in the rock surface, which has in ward-sloping walls, 

not only upon the east and west but to the north and south as well. 

To the east of Seventh avenue the surface is broken into a series of 

remarkably sharp and regular troughs which run transverse to the 

section, or longitudinally along the island, the surface as a whole sloping steeply to the south.

LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS OF THE ISLAND.

ALONG BROADWAY FROM THE BATTERY TO THIRTY-THIRD STREET.

 ' '

The extensive series of borings made by the rapid transit comniissioners in connection with the subway recently constructed,* has

o Information kindly furnished by A. Noble, chief engineer, East River division, and J. Vipond 

Davies, who was in charge of the drilling.

& Parsons, Wm. B., Borings in Broadway, New York: Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 28,1893, pp. 

13-18, pi. 6. See also Engineering News, vol. 26, July 18,1891, p. 62 (fig.).
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 270 PL. IV

Spuyten Duyvi/ Bridge

Washington Bridge

Mc Comb's Dam Bridge

 4OQ ft. £. of MC Combs Dam Bridge

Rapid Transit Tunnef

' '

/45 St. Bridge

 _____ ;_^ ,1 i j , i. i j - i. [ , --j^r T

f /~4M r-w-' -f-^H '^^j^y7-f'^l rrtKv; -; i $-^-

Mad/son /Ive. Bridge

LEGEND

" Third Jre. Bridge

--} ' 

Second dve. Bridge

Limestone

 Scale

100 0 WO

. Bridge

200 feet

T

line is cen

SERIES OF PROFILES ACROSS THE HARLEM RIVER TO SHOW THE POSITION AND CONFIGURATION OF THE ROCK

SURFACE.
HOBBS.] LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS OF THE ISLAND. 27

furnished a detailed profile of the rock surface between these limits. 

South of Union square this profile is characterized by the most abrupt 

changes in level, the greatest depression being found at Duane street, 

though less marked interruptions of its course are encountered at 

Walker, Canal, and Houston streets and at Clinton place. Just 

'south of 14th street (Union square) also, a marked though somewhat less profound trough is disclosed. North of Union square and 

south of Chambers street the rock surface shows a comparatively 

regular slope (PI. V). At Duane street, where the maximum depth 

of 163.25 feet was found, a second or check boring was put down on 

the opposite side of Broadway, where a depth of 149 feet (13.75 feet 

less) was found. Records obtained by the writer from other sources 

show that the deepest part of the depression is not upon the line of 

Broadway but to the southwest (PI. I).

ALONG LENOX AND WESTCHESTEK AVENUES FROM NINETY-SIXTH 

STREET TO MELKOSE AVENUE.

This section (fig. 5) has been reproduced from the map and profile 

prepared by the rapid transit commission. It shows that the high 

bluff of gneiss, which forms the northern boundary of the Manhattan 

uplands near the northern line of Central Park, descends beneath the 

level of the grade in the Harlem flats. Rock was nowhere encountered 

in tunneling between this point and 145th street, where the tunnels 

descend in order to go beneath Harlem River. At 'that point, however, limestone was met with and was penetrated by the tunnels beneath 

the river. Records from borings derived from other sources show 

that the rock surface beneath the Harlem flats is at distances varying from 40 to 125 feet below its comparatively level grade. Out of 

these depths rise, like islets, the reefs of rock which are now so f£st 

being leveled to grade.

It has been rather generally assumed that the area of the Harlem 

flats has been eroded in limestone. In the opinion of the writer it 

appears more probable that it represents a depressed composite orographic block of gneiss and limestone, outlined on the west and south 

by faults along Eighth avenue and the northern wall of the Manhattan 

uplands. From this depressed composite block reefs of gneiss and 

limestone alike rise along precipitous slopes to and above the present 

surface. A limestone reef of this kind has been described by Gale," 

Stevens, 6 Ries,c and Dana,^ and the latter was evidently at some pains 

to explain his theory of the New York river channels because of this

a Mather, Wrn. W., Geol. New York, pt. 1,1843, pp. 581-604.

b Stevens, R. P., Hist. Geol. New York Island: Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 8,1805, pp. 

116-117.

c Ries, Heinrich, Trails. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 10,1891, pp. 113-114.

dDana, J. D., Geological relationsof the limestone belts of Westchcster County and northern New 

York Island: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 21,1881, p. 440.
28 BOCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

fact. The rock surface of the southern part of the island is apparently 

in most respects similar to that of the Harlem flats, except that no

limestone reefs have been found, and the same explanation has, 

therefore, not been offered for its low position.
^' ST.

/7V- ST.

*- ST.

**- ST.

ST.

"^ ST.

28**- ST.
HOBBS.] LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS OF THE ISLAND. 29

ALONG BKOADWAY AND ELEVENTH AVENUE BETWEEN SEVENTY-SECOND 

AND DYCKMAN STREETS.

This section (fig. 6), like the last, is along the line of the subway, 

and has been furnished the writer through the courtesy of the rapid 

transit commission.

Its chief interest is in sho\ving«the regular transverse breaks in the 

continuit}r of the surface breaks which were long ago described by 

Stevens as lines of dislocation. At Manhattan street there is a deep 

transverse crevice filled with gravel to a depth of more than 135 feet 

below the present grade (serial number 1202, p. 80). At 96th street 

also there is evidence that a filled crevice extends to a distance of 

about 100 feet below the bottom of the present valley (serial number 

1199, p. 80). The deep embayment at 157th street marks a line south 

of which the rocks forming the upland project east for a distance of 

about one-eighth of a mile. It is also the line along which the mass 

of Fordham Heights abruptly terminates at'Harlem River. The vallejr north of Washington Heights (fig. 6) is that of Shermans Creek, 

and north of this bars were driven b}^ the engineers of the commission, to moderate depths, without encountering rock. The break at 

Shermans Creek, and those at 157th street, Manhattan street, and 96th 

street include subequal space intervals.

The above-described sections only partly display the peculiarly 

rugged configuration of the rock basement of Manhattan. Attention 

should be especially called to the revelations of the map (PI. 1) as to 

the zigzagging course of the lower Hudson channel, below Weehawken, and to the knob of gneiss which rises at the Battery from the 

downtown lowlands.
PART II.-BORINGS MADE IN NEW YORK AND VICINITY.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and.vicinity. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT.

Serial 

number.

1

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

 16 

17

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23

Location.

EAST KIVEK MiONT. 

At dock line. a

Foot of 

Stanton street. ................

24th and 25th streets (between)

26th street.............. .......

. 91st and 92d streets (between):' 

94th street. ...................

96th street....................

99th street. ...................

100th street. ...................

101st street ....................

103d street....................

104th street. ..................

107th and 108th streets (between ).....................

110th street. ..................

116th street. ..................

120th and 121st streets ( between ) 

121st street ...................

123d street......... ...........

123d and 124th streets (between)

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 55 

- 42 

- 45 

.- 65 

- 60 

- 35 

- 15 

- 35 

- 35 

- 85 

-115 

- 98 

- 70 

-'75 

- 40 

- 35

- 65 

- 45 

- 25 

- 15 

'- 18 

- 20 

- 20

Kind of rock, if known.

30

a New York department of docks.
HOURS.] EAST RIVER FRONT. 31

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

24 

25 

26

27

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34. 

35 

36

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42

43 

44

45 

46

 47 

48

Location.

EAST KIVER FRONT continued. 

At bulkhead line (/t-inch borings)."

Pier 

2, Whitehall street. ...........

3, Coenties slip ...............

9, between Coenties and Old 

slips.

12, Old slip...................

15, Wall street..... :.._.......

18, Maiden lane ..............

19, Fletcher street .............

21, Burling slip ...............

24, near Peck slip. ............

28, near Koosevelt street ......

Brooklyn Bridge. . ............

33 and 34 (between), near Catherine slip.

37, Market slip ...............

41, Pike slip ........:.........

43 (old), Rutgera slip .........

46 (old), Jefferson street ......

49 (old), near Clinton street . . . 

52 (old), Gouverneur slip. .....

Miscellaneous, b

North line of 80th street 

7 feet east of bulkhead line .... 

32 feet west of bulkhead line. . . 

Half block south of 81st street 

23 feet east of bulkhead line . . . 

18 feet west of bulkhead line. . . 

South line of 81st street 

48 feet east of bulkhead line . . . 

7 feet Avest of bulkhead line. . . .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

_ OQ qq

 18.77

- 20. 94 

- 29.93

- 30.95 

- 53.23 

-159. 89 

 142.7 

-135.91 

-146. 62 

- 98.06 

- 75 

-108. 79

- 85.28 

- 90.99 

-109.43 

- 51 

- 30.86 

- 66. 56

- 24

- 10

.- 15 

- 13

- 10

_... 5

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 26 

 21

- 23 

- 32

- 33 

- 56 

-162 

-145 

-138 

-149 

-100 

- 73 

-111

- 88 

- 93- 

-112 

- 53 

- 33 

- 69

- 26. 

- 12

- 17 

- 15

- 12

_ H

Kind of rock, if known.

Granite. 

Do. 

Syenitie granite. 

Do...

Do. 

Granite. 

Do. 

Gneiss. 

Granite. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

"New York department of docks; 4-inch borings. No. 31, top micaceous gneiss; core 10 feet 6J 

inches in length.

''New York department of docks. Records 45-49 from a series of 32 borings, being, in the order 

given, Nos. 22,18,13,11, and 4 of such series.
32 KOCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of record* of borings made in. New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

49

50

51

52 

53 

54 

55

56

57

58 

59 

60

61

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69

Location.

EAST KIVEK FRONT continued.

Mintxlhmeous Continued.

30 feet north of 81st street 

4 feet east of bulkhead line . . .

South line of 91st st. (produced ) 

25 feet east of bulkhead line. . .

35 ft. south and 45 ft. east of 50.

150 ft. south and 5 ft. west of 51 . . 

40 feet east of 52 ..............

10 feet east of 53 ..............

460 feet south and 10 feet east 

of 51.

EAST KIVEK SECTIONS.

East River Gas Company's tunnels

New York bulkhead 

100 feet west of line ...........

Center of west channel ........

Blackwells Island 

West shore ...............:...

Center of east channel .........

Long Island City 

100 feet east of shore. .........

East River bridge No. 2.1>

Brooklyn tower 

Center line of bridge (D) ......

/"D\ 

(tt) ........................

North edge of pier (M) ........

fTT\ (K.) .......................

South Pier (D) ...............

(B). .......................

/n \

(Un}........ ...............

Deptli of boring to rock.

As given.

- 19

 oo

 14

- 20 

- 20 

- 40 

- 17

- 85.0 

- 80.4 

-104. 27 

-102. 30 

 85.0 

- 80,4 

- 89.4 

- 81

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandv 

Hook.

- 21

. ^ ^

- 16

 22 

- 22 

- 42 

- 19

-106 

-108

-111 

-114 

-116

-118

}-*

} -101 

- 81

Kind of rock, if known.

.

Fine brown wind.

Gneiss. 

Mica schist.

Gneiss. 

, Do. 

Limestone.

Gneiss.

Gneiss. 

Do.

Do.

« Aims, Walter J., Jour. Assoc.'Eng. Soc., vol. 14, 1895, p. 409, 

b New York department of bridges. Diamond-drill borings;

pi. 

datum, menu high water.
HOBBS.] EAST KIVEK SECTIONS. 33

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

i

70 

71 

72 

73

74 

75 

76 

77

78 

79

80 

81

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87

88 

89

90 

91

Location.

i

EAST itivE.it SECTIONS continued. 

East River bridge No. 2 Continued. 

Ne\V York tower 

(H) ........................

(A)...... ..................

/n\ (b) .........................

South pier, northeast corner ( D ) . 

East end (K).. .............

(B)...... ................

Pierhead line 175 feet south of 

K(C). .

East River bridge No. 3. a

Manhattan tower 

850 feet north of (anchorage) . .

300 feet south of bulkhead 

line (o).

(ft) ........................

. ' (c) ........................

(d). .......................

f f \

(/). .......................

to) ........................ (/o. ....:.................. (t). ........................

Brooklyn tower 

200 feet north of bulkhead line. 

850 feet south of (anchorage) . .

East River bridge No. It. a

60th street pier 

80 feet east of east line of avenue 

A.

40 feet from east end of pier . . .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 54.5 

- 54.5 

- 45 

- 56 

- 71 

- 56.9 

- 60 

- 73.5

-119

-133 

-108 

-126 

-126 

-133 

-123 

-115 

 113

+ 8.92 

- 76.05

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 50

- 69 

1 - 56 

- 71

- 76 

 118

-131 

-106 

-124 

-.124 

-131 

-121 

-.113 

 111

- 92 

- 70

+ 11 

- 74

Kind of rock, if known, 

s

Gneiss.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Marble. 

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do.

a New York department of bridges. Diamond-drill borings (averages); datum, mean high water. 

Bull. 270 05 3
34 BOCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

92 

93 

94 

95

96 

97 

' 98 

99 

100 

101

lOlrt 

1016 

101 c 

10W 

101 e 

101/

102 

103

Location.

EAST RIVER SECTIONS continued.

East River bridge No. lt Continued.

Black wells Island pier, west 

bulkhead line 

Boring 3 .....................

Center line of bridge, east bulkhead line.

East River reefs." 

Man-o'-War reef ...... ........:.

Black wells Island reef. ..........

Keef off 26th street. .............

42d street ....................

47th street. ...................

Center line of l,2d street (produced) . t>

East of bulkhead line 

About 200 feet. ...............

About 730 feet.. ...............

About 1,540 feet ..............

About 1,950 feet........ ......

About 400 feet east of lOld ....

About middle of eastern channel.

Pennsylvania Railroad tunnel, .foot of 

Flushing street, Long Island City, 'to near 

foot ofSSd street, New York Oity.c

1,750 feet east of New York bulkhead line (a).

(b} ..........................

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 3.32 

- 4.49 

- 12. 89

+ 1

Near datum 

...do .....

- 14

-116-1 

|l08 

-lOlJ

Referredto U. S. 

datum, 

Sandv 

Hook.

_ 4 

+ 3

- 16 

- 16 

0 

- 12

- 99 

-108 

-108 

- 88 

-'88. 

- 94

-106

Kind of rock, if known.

s *

Gneiss. 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Dolomite.

Bock or bowlder.

a Hydrography of East River, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.

*>Nos. 101a-101/ records of core borings furnished by Alan A. Robbins, resident engineer, New York 

and Long Island Railroad. Rock of lOla-lOle, " decomposed gneiss." No. 1016 is 100 feet west of 

Man-o'-War reef, lOlc is 400 feet east of Man-o'-War reef, lOld is midway between Man-o'-War reef and 

the-east shore, and lOle is about 500 feet west of the eastern shore. Rock of 101/, " white crystalline 

dolomite."

e Noble, A., and Jacobs, C. M., chief engineers, Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island Railroad 

Company; wash borings.
HOBBS.] EAST RIVER SECTIONS. . 35

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

104

105 

106

107 

108 

109

110 

111

112

113 

114

115

116

117

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127

Location.

EAST KIVER SECTIONS continued.

Pennsylvania Railroad tunnel, foot of 

Flushing street, etc. Cont'd.

1,500 feet east of New York bulkhead line (a).

(b) ..........................

1,400 feet east of New York bulkhead line (a).

(b) .........................

(r\ \(j) ..........................

1,000 feet east of New York bulkhead line (a).

(b) .........................

.800 feet east. of New York bulkhead line.

600 feet east of New York bulkhead line (a).

 (b) ..........................

560 feet east of New York bulkhead line.

440 feet east of New York bulkhead line.

320 feet east of New. York bulkhead line.

Pierhead line, between 32d and 

33d streets.

New York- Brooklyn tumid of rapid transit 

commission, a

East of pier 4 (foot of Broad 

street) 

3,210 feet east of pier end. . ....

2, 145 feet east of pier end ......

1,988 feet east of pier end. ... . . .

1,558 feet east of pier end. .....

1,152 feet east of pier end ......

857 feet east of pier end .......

510 feet east of pier end .......

End of pier. ..................

Near end of pier 3 ............

Same as 331 (Battery series) . . .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-103] 

[109 

-115J 

- 59

- 69 79 

- 94.

-73,- 

[ 59 

- 46J

- 77

'-97, 

99 

-100 J

- 74

- 95

 111

 110

- 65.8 

- 65 

- 89.2 

-100 

- 69 

 62.24 

- 54.8 

- 30 

- 27.9 

- 22.2

Referred 

to U. S. 

'datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

-107

- 77

- 57 

- 75

- 97

- 72

- 93

-109

-108

- 63 

- 63 

- 87 

- 98 

- 67 

 60 

- 52 

- 28 

- 25 

- 16

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

No rock. 

Gneiss. 

No rock. 

Do. 

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

a Rapid transit commission. Datum mean high water.
36 EOCK FLOOE OF GEEATEE NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

135

136

137 

138 

. 139 

140 

141 

142

143 

144

145 

146 

148 

149 

150 

151 

152 

153 

154 

155

156 

157

Location.

HUDSON RIVER FRONT.

Dock line. " 

Pier 

A.............................

3 (old).......................

4 (old), foot of Morris place. . .

8 (old), foot of Rector street...

11 (old), foot of Carlisle street.

16 (old), foot of Liberty street.

 13 (new), foot of Cortlandt 

street.

14 (new), between Dey and 

Fulton streets.

15 (new), foot of Vesey street. 

25 (old) , foot of Barclay street. 

27 (old), foot of Park place....

18 (new), foot of Murray street. 

19 (new), foot of Warren street.

20 (new), foot of Chambers 

street.

23 (new), foot of Harrison street

25 (new), foot of North Moore 

street.

27'(new), footof Hubert street. 

40 (old), foot of Watts street. . .

35 (new), foot of Spring street. 

37 (new), footof Charlton street 

39 (new), foot of Houston street 

41 (new), foot of Leroy street. .

42 (new), foot of Morton street 

43 (new), foot of Barrow street 

64 (old), foot of Perry street. .

47 (new), foot of Perry street 

(extended).

48 (new), footof llth street..

Foot of Bank street ........... ..........

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

a Depths taken from profile of rock furnished by New

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 50 

- 50 

- 50 

- 43 

- 45 

- 42 

- 40 

- 40 

- 35 

- 40

- 40

- 45 

- 53

- 48 

- 50

 - 78

 88

- 00 

- 80

- 83 

-- '80 

- 80 

- 90 

- 90 

- 90 

-100 

-124 

-100 

-150

- 60 

-100 

York depa

Kind of rock, if known.

rtment of docks.
ilOHHS.J HUDSON KIVEE FRONT. 37

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

158 

159 

160 

161 

162 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

171 

172 

173 

174

175 

1.76

177 

178 

179 

180 

181 

182

183 

184 

185

Location.

HUDSON KIVKR FRONT con tinned. 

Dock line Con ti 1 1 vied .

Pier Continued.

12th street .................

55 (old), foot of Horatio street. 

52 (new), foot of 22d street. . . .

53 (new), foot of 23d street

56 (new), foot of 26th street . . .

Foot of 35th street ............

38th street .................

39th street .....'............

J.J.HI ctpppf

46th street .................

50th street ..................

53d stfeet ..................

57th street .................

Bulkhead line, a 

Pier^-

3 (old), between Battery place 

and Morris street.

6 (old), near Rector street. ....

10 (old), near Carlisle street. . . 

13 (old), near Albany street... 

18 (old), near Cortlandt street. 

24 (old), near Vesey street ....

Pier28 (old), near Murray street... 

30 (old), near Chambers street. 

35 (old), near Franklin street..

Depth of boring to rock

As given.

- 35.2 

- 40.2

- 42.2 

- 46.09 

 40.51 

- 44.35 

- 51.08 

- 45.38

- 75.44 

- 85.65 

- 78.36

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

1 Hook.

- 95 

- 85 

-110 

-180 

-175 

-170 

-152 

-105 

- 85 

-- 80 

- 60 

- 50 

- 40 

- 30 

- 40 

- 29 

- 55

- 38 

- 43

- 45

- 48 

- 43

- 47 

- 53 

- 48

- 78 

- 88 

- 81

Kind of rock, if known.

Granite. 

Do.

Do. 

Mica-schist. 

Syenitic granite. 

Do. 

Coarse granite.

Granite. 

Do. 

Do.

"Depths taken from profile of rock furnished by New York department of docks. No. 183, micaschist 8.91 feet, rest granite; 191, 4-inch boring; 192,10 feet from end of pier; 193, '20 feet west of bulkhead line, dark sand last recorded material; 190, 15 feet east of bulkhead line; 198, 8 feet from end ol 

pier.
38 ROCK FLOOE OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

186 

187 

188 

189 

190 

191 

192 

193 

194 

195 

196 

197 

198

199 

200 

201 

202 

203 

204 

205 

206 

207 

208 

209 

- 210 

211

212 

213

Location.

HUDSON RIVER FRONT continued.

Bulkhead line Continued.

Pier Continued. 

38 (old), near Hubert street... 

Desbrosses street .............

42 (old), near Canal street. . . : .

45 (old), near Charl ton street. . 

49 (old), near Leroy street .... 

51 (old), Christopher street....

60 (old) , foot of 13th street. . . . 

Foot of 23d street. ............

30th street .................

38th street .................

46th street .................

57th street .................

At ends ofpiers.a 

Pier 

1 (new 2) ....................

3 (new)......................

6 (new) ......................

8 (new) ..................;...

11 (new) .....................

12 (new).....................

24 (new 15) .....'.............

28 (new 18) ..................

30 (new 20) ..................

35 (new 24) ..................

39 (new 29) ..................

42 (new 33) ..................

45 (new 37) ..................

Miscellaneous.''

Bulkhead line north of crib 

Center line of 135th street (produced).

160 feet north of 135th street . .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 80.11 

- 81.36 

- 80. 08 

- 86. 17 

- 85.90 

-124 

-157.97 

-196 

-175.16 

-149. 41 

- 84. 78 

- 94.79 

- 28.88

- 50.7 

-. 45. 1 

- 45.3 

- - 46.9 

- 46.8 

- 43.2 

- 48.6 

- 61.1 

- 64 

- 50.2 

- 71.1 

- 73 

- 68.6

- 90

- 81

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 83 

- 84 

- 82 

 89 

- 88 

-126 

-160

-177 

-152 

- 87 

- 97 

- 31

- 53.

- 48 

- 48 

- 49 

- 49 

- 46 

- 51 

- 63 

- 66 

- 53 

- 74 

- 75 

- 71

- 92 

- 83

Kind of rock, if known.

Granite. 

Do. 

Do. 

Mica-schist. 

Do. 

Do. 

Granite. 

No rock. 

Granite. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

No rock. 

Do.

"Russell, I. C., Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1882, pp. 66-77.

*>New York department of.docks No. 212, average of jtwo borings 10 feet apart; 214-221 from test 

piling; 226 and 228 from series of 24 borings 226 on line z-z, 228 on line u-u.
HOBBS.] HUDSON RIVER FRONT. 39

Summary of records-of borings made in Neiv York and, vicinity Continued.. 

1. BORINGS-BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

214 

215

216 

217

218 

219

220 

221

222 

223

224

225

226 

227

228 

229

230

231

232

233

Location.

HUDSON RIVER FRONT continued.

Miscellaneous Continued. .

Center line of 97th street (produced) 

. 30 feet east of bulkhead line . . . 

Bulkhead line ................

130 feet north of 97th street 

30 feet east of bulkhead line . . . 

Bulkhead line ................

140 feet north of 98th street 

30 feet east of bulkhead line. . . 

Bulkhead line ................

30 feet north of 99th street 

30 feet east of bulkhead line... 

Bulkhead line ................

Foot of 132d street200 feet west of end of pier .... 

75 feet west of end of pier .....

Foot of 158th street, along north 

side 

5 feet east of bulkhead line of 

the year 1868.

200 feet west of bulkhead line. .

Foot of 129th street, along south 

side 

Dock line ....................

60 feet west of dock line. ......

Foot of 128th street, along south 

side 

Dock line ....................

60 feet west of dock line. ......

Foot of 96th street, along south 

line of street 

50 feet west of present dock. . . .

125 feet west of present dock. . .

Seventh avenue and 155th street.

Center of 154th street ( produced ) 

50 feet east of bulkhead line ... .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 55 

- 60

- 26 

- 34

- 43 

 53

- 30

- 38

-128 

-113

- 35

- 79

- 10 

- 35

- 11 

- 25

- 60

- 74

- 29

- 38

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 57 

- 64

- 28 

- 36

 45 

- 55

- 32 

-^ 40

-130 

-115

- 37

- 81

- 12 

- 37

- 13

- - 27

- 62

- 76

- 31

- 40

Kind of rock, if known.

No rock. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do.

. Do.

Do.

Rock or bowlder,

Do.
ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL.270.

/ .-:^ X 

Summary of records of borings made in New>Yorkjand vicmfyy Continued. V_>v ;./,

V BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

234 

235

236 

237 

238 

239 

240 

241 

242 

243 

244 

245 

246 

247 

248 

249 

250

251 

252

253

Location.

HUDSON RIVER SECTIONS.

Reef £ mile west-»outhwe»t of pier A. a

Bedloe Island.b 

Well 150 feet north of fort. ......

McAdoo tunnel, between 15th street, Jersey 

City, and Morton street.e

From bulkhead, New York City 

1,950 feet west of wall .........

1, 730 feet west of wall . ........

1,640 feet west of wall .........

1,570 feet west of wall. ........

1,480 feet west of wall .........

1,380 feet west of wall .........

1,260 feet west of wall. ........

1,215 feet west of wall .........

1,120 feet west of wall .........

1,030 feet west of wall .........

, 960 feet west of wall. . ........

830 feet west of wall ..........

800 feet west of wall ..........

660 feet west of wall ........ .

515 feet west of wall. .........

Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island 

Railroad tunnel.it

850 feet west of Weehawken bulkhead line (D).

750 feet west of Weehawken bulkhead line (C).

Weehawken pierhead line (A) ...

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 28 

- 43

-156 

-107. 6 . 

-102. 1 

-101. 7 

-100. 4 

 . 98. 9 

- 96.2 

- 97.7 

- 95.9 

- 92.4 

 84.8 

 78.4 

- 84.8 

- 82.5 

-107. 5

+285. 4 

+204. 5

> + 77

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 30

 154 

-105 

-100 

- 99 

- 98 

- 96 

- 94 

- 95 

- 93 

- 90 

- 82 

- 76 

- 82 

- 80 

-105

- 13 

 93 

-221

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder.' 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do.

aGuthrie, W. L., second lieutenant, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army.

6Long, C. 0., superintendent, American committee on Statue of Liberty. Rock containing "large 

quantity of mica," probably gneiss. A 6-inch hole was drilled 57 feet into the soft rock. Statue of 

Liberty has foundation on hardpan and bowlders 15 feet below surface and 10 feet above mean high 

water.

"Jacobs, Chas. M., chief engineer, from borings made by C. B. Brush, C. E. Datum, mean high 

water. No. 236 encountered obstruction of unknown character.

d Noble A., and Jacobs, Chas. M.. chief engineers. Depths as reported referred to datum 300 feet 

below mean high water; Nos. 251, 252, and 253, diamond-drill (core) borings; 254-262, wash borings.
HO BUS.] HARLEM RTVER FRONT AND SECTIONS. 41

Summary of records of borings made in ,\Tew York- and mc.initij Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial mniiber.

254

255 

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263 

264

265 

266 

267 

268 

269 

270

271 

272 

273

274 

275

Loon tint-.

HUDSON RIVER SECTIONS COnt'd.

Pennsylvania, New York and Long Inland 

Railroad tunnel Continued.

200 feet west ol Weehawken bulkhead line (W -12).

Weehawken pierhead line 

300 feet east of line ( W-10) .... 

700 feet east of line (W-9)

1,650 feet east of line ( W-7) . . .

2,000 feet east of line ( W-6) . . .

2,300 feet east of line (W-5) . ..

2,600 feet east of line ( W-4) . . .

2,900 feet east of line (W-3) - - -

3,100 feet east of line ( W-2) . . .

On line of proposed bridge at 69th street. «

New York side 

460 feet east of bulkhead line. .

450 feet west of bulkhead line. .

New Jersey side 

880 feet west of bulkhead line. .

100 feet west of bulkhead line

200 feet east of bulkhead line

700 feet east of bulkhead line

1,200 feet east of bulkhead line. 

2,000 feet east of bulkhead line.

HARLEM RIVER FRONT AND SECTIONS.

Spuyten Duyvil Bridge, b 

First pier on Manhattan side.

Center pier .....................

Pier at north end of swing span

Dock line, o 

125th street. ....................

Intersection of 155th street and 

Seventh avenue.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

168. 3

- 61.2 

- 42.6 

- 30

- 24

- 28.9

- 43

^115

-148. 5

'

-151 

 29

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

-129

 -237 

-255 

-268

-274

-269

 255

-183

-149

- 28 

-123

- 58 

-115 

-123 

-190 

-251 

-300

-110 

-115 

- 90

-153 

- 31

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do

Rock or bowlder. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Rock not known. 

Do. 

Do.

Rock or bowlder.

aMacdonald, Charles, Engineering News, vol. 33, 1S95, p. 159 (wash borings). 

6Engineering News, vol. 43,1900, p. 397.

cNew York department of docks. No. 276 taken from series of 33, average of three adjacent 

borings; 277 from test piling.
42 ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of. borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

276 

277

278

279 

280

281

282

283 

284

285 

286

287

288 

289 

290

291 

292 

293 

294

Location.

HARLEM RIVER FRONT AND SECTIONS conti nued .

Dock line Continued.

Center of 154th street (produced) 

50 feet east of bulkhead line . . .

55 feet north of south line of 

138th street on bulkhead line.

Washington Bridge. <*

200 feet west of west pier of west 

arch.

200 feet east of last. .............

High Bridge J>

150 feet west of west bank of river

130 feet (about) east of west bank 

river.

Under central pier ..............

280 feet east of east bank of river. 

New aqueduct.c

Near west shore bulkhead line 

200 feet west .................

175 feet east ...................

Near east bulkhead line 

At line .......................

1,000 feet east of line ..........

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 38 

- 98

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 40' 

-100

60

- 25 

- 30

0 

75

70. 

- 80

- 70 

- 20

0

100 

0 

- 50

- 25 

- 80 

0 

50

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do.

Gneiss.

Do.

/Gneiss, marble, and 

\ fault rock.

Gneiss. . 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do.

No rock. 

Marble or limestone.

/Mica-schist and 

\ gneiss.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Soft rock.

Lime rock or marble. 

Soft rock. 

Do. 

Lime rock or marble.

aHutton, W. R., chief engineer, " The Washington Bridge," New York, 1890, p. 21, pi. 2. 

'> Church, B. S., resident engineer, quoted by Dana, J. .D., Am. Tour. Sci., 3d ser.. vol. 21, p. 435. 

cRept. New York aqueduct commission, 1887-1895, p. 88, sheet 32. No. 292 had 20 feet and No. 293 

had 40 feet of "lime rock or marble." v
HOBBS.] HARLEM RIVER FRONT AND SECTIONS. 43

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

1. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER FRONT Continued.

Serial 

number.

295 

296 

297

298 

299 

300 

'301

302 

303

304

305 

306 

307 

308 

309

310 

311 

312 

313 

314 

315 

316 

317

 Location.

HARLEM RIVER FRONT AND SECTIONS continued.

ifacomb's dam, Central Bridge. a

Near east bulkhead line Cont'cl.

\\fpqf rnpr

On line WO feet east of Central Bridge. '»

About 100 feet east of west shore 

Middle of river ............ _'J

600 feet east of east shore. . . . .<

2,400 feet east of west shore. . . . 

2,800 feet east of west shore. . . .

N. Y. C. R. R. bridge.

11,5th street bridge. <l 

West approach pier .............

West rest pier .........:........

East approach pier. .............

Rapid-transit tunnel, e 

1,000 feet west of bulkhead line. .

600 feet west of bulkhead line. . . .

West bulkhead line .............

75 feet west of east bulkhead line. 

150 feet east of east bulkhead line. 

300 feet east of east bulkhead line. 

900 feet east of east bulkhead line .

Depth of boring to rock

As given.

-30 

-24

-27

-27 to -29 

-21 

-23| 

- 6 to- 8 

-38.2 

-43. 1 

-74.9 

-51

120

 61. 8 

-66. 7 . 

-61.38 

-63.05 " 

-75. 08

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 33

- 27 

- 30

- 30 

\ - 25 

- 9

} - 44

- 77 

- 53

- 59 

- 64 

- 59 

- 61 

- 73

- 30 

- 10 

- 50 

- 52 

 70 

- 70 

- 60 

0

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. ' 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

No rock.

White marble. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Hardpan.

Limestone. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

No rock. 

Limestone 

Do.

a Gay, Martin, assistant engineer, New York department of bridges.

6Department of public parks, quoted by Russell, I. C., Annals New York Acad.Sci., vol. 2,1882, p. 75; 

assumes that borings are referred to mean low water.

c Chase, F. L., engineer of bridges, New York Central Railroad. Piles go down 120 feet, but do not 

reach rock.

''Alien, F. W., engineer for contractor. . 

eRice, Geo. S., acting chief engineer, rapid transit commission.
44 BOCK FLOOR OF GREATER tfEW YORK. [Bur,r,.2'?(3.

Summary of records of borings made in Neiv York and. vicinity Continued. 

]. BORINGS BENEATH CHANNELS ON WATER PRONT-Continned.

Serial 

number.

318 

319 

320

321 

322 

323 

324 

325

326

327 

328 

329

330

Location.

HARLEM RIVER FRONT ANT) SECTIONS continued.

Madison avenue bridge. n

First pier from New York side. . .

Park avenue bridge. &

West shore .....................

Pier near Bronx shore ..........

50 feet north of above ...........

Third avenue bridge.^

Second avenue brulfic. d

Central pier ....................

North bulkhead line ............

WUMs avenue bridge, c

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-75 

-71.7

-57.5

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 73 

- 69 

- 55

+ 20 

- 50 

-104 

- 70 

+ 20

- 49

- 41 

- 45 

- 40

.- 78.

Kind of rock, if known.

No rock. 

Do. 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. 

No rock. 

Gneiss.

Gneiss.

No rock. 

Do. 

Do.

Limestone.

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN.

331

332

333

334

Line of subway, on or near Broadway. «

Whitehall street 

North line of South street.

Battery Park 

Southeast corner Whitehall

street.

About 200 feet southwest of 332.

450 feet west of 332 and 200 feet 

south of State street.

 22.2

-15

-12.5

-32

-16

_ 7

_ 4

-22

Gneiss.

Do.

Do.

Do.

"Boiler, A. P., consulting engineer, and Eugene McLean, engineer of comptroller's office. 

b Boiler, A. P., consulting engineer.

«'Byrne, E. A., assistant city engineer, New York. Other piers of Third avenue bridge at same 

depth as 320 rest upon bowlders. 

rfCroes, J. J. R., chief engineer. 

<Rice, Geo. S., acting chief engineer, rapid transit commission. Wash borings.
HOBBS;] LINE OF SUBWAY. 45

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

n timber.

335

336 

337 

338

339 

340 

341 

342 

343 

344 

345 

346 

347 

348 

349

350 

351 

352 

353 

354 

355 

356 

357 

358 

359 

360 

361 

362' 

363 

364 

365

aRice 

determi

Location.

Line of subway, on or near JJroadway Con . 

Battery Park Continued.

Corner State and Whitehall

streets.

Pearl street. ..................

Bridge street ...................

State street 50 feet south of Battery place.

Rector street ....................

Wall street .....................

Pine street .....................

Cedar street ....................

Cortlandt street. .........."......

Dey street. .....................

Fulton street ...........;.......

Line of subway, on Leximjt.on avenue. « 

15th street. .....................

16th street. .....................

17th street. .....................

18th street......................

19th street. .....................

20th street. .....................

21st street .......................

22d street ......................

23d street ......................

24th street. ......'...............

25th street. .....................

26th street. .....................

27th street. .....................

28th street. .....................

29th street. .....................

30th street. .....................

Geo. S., acting chief engineer, rapid trai 

ned.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-16.5

-20 

-22.4

-14.2 

-35. 2 

-51.5 

-63. 11 

-50.1 

-70 

-70. 7 

-70.9 

-70.3 

-76.8 

-83.2 

-81.6

- 13

 8 

- 8

- 14

_ ()

- 23 

- 35 

- 28 

- 29 ' 

- 12 

- 11 

- 14 

- 8 

- 8 ' 

- 6 

 14 

isit commissioi

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum. 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 9

 o Q

- 9

- 2 

- 8 

-19 

-27 

-24 

-33 

-34 

-36 

-37 

-43 

-49 

-44

26 

30 

19 

20 

23 

.8 

 6 

_ -|

- 1 

18 

19 

18 

26 

26 

26 

16 

i. Wash b

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

orings; nature of rock not
46 BOCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

Location.

Depth of boring to rock

As given.

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

Kind of rock, if known.

Line of subway, on Lexington avenue Con.

366 31st street......................

367 32d street......................

368 33d street......................

369 34th street......................

370 35th street. .....................

371 36th street......................

372 37th street......................

373 38th street......................

374 39th street......................

375 40th street......................

376 41st street.... ...I...............

377 43d street......................

378 44th street.......................

379 45th street......................

380 46th street -(120 feet east)........

381 47th street......................

382 Halfway between 48th and 49th 

	streets.

383 49th street......................

384 50th street......................

385 51st street......................

386' 52d street........................

387 53d street......................

388 54th street......................

389 55th street......................

390 56th street......................

391 57th street.......................

392 58th street......................

393 59th street.............:........

394 60th street.......................

395 61st street..... ................

396 62dstreet ............ ..........

397 63d street......................

. 398 64th street......................

399 65th street......................

400 66th street......................

-33

- 6

-16

- 9

-13

-12

- 3

-.3

-15

- 8

-10

-13

-18

- 4.5

- 1

-15 

1

- 3

- 3 :

-24

- 3

- 5

- 5

-18

-27

-34

-33

-18

-26

-11

-13

-12

-17

-41

-26

- 3 

24 

19 

34 

43 

51 

61 

61 

40 

43 

34 

32 

28 

42 

45 

31 

47

46

45

22

39

38

38

25

13

7

9

27

21

37

38

40

37

16

41

Rock. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.
.1IOBBS.] LINE OF SUBWAY. 47

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

Location.

Depth of boring to rock

As given.

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

Kind of rock, if known.

Line of subway, on Lexington avenue Con.

401 67th street......................

402 68th street......................

403 69th street.....:................

404 70th street.......................

405 71st street...............'.......

406 72d street......................

407 73d street......................

408 74th street......................

409 75th street......................

410 76th street......................

411 77th street......................

412 78th street...................:..

413 79th street......................

414 80th street......................

415* 81st street......................

416 82d street ......................

417 83d street ......................

418 84th street.......................

419 85th street......................

420 86th street....................:..

42.1. 87th street......................

422 88th street......................

423 89th street......................

 424 90th street......................

425 91ststreet .......... ............

426 92d street......................

427 93d street.......................

428 94th street......................

429 95th street......................

430 96th street......................

431 97th street......................

432 98th street......................

433 99th street......................

434 100th street.....................

435 101st street.........:.....:.....

436 102dstreet .....................

- 4

- 9

-10

-21

-20

-11

-13

-29

-22

-32

-16

-18

- 4

- 4

- 3

- 2

- 9

- 9

- 8

- 4

-10

-12

-25

-12

-18

- 3

- 9

- 7

- 6

-10

- 9

- 9

- 3

-10

- 3

69

72

73

60

58

55

50

25

31

23

42

41

57

67

76

82

80

77

78 '83 

76 

76 

63 

76 

69 

90 

83 

.80 

73 

54 

45 

49 

57 

52 

49 

37

Rock. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

.Do, 

Do. 

Do.
48 BOOK FLOOE OF GEEATEE NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

437 

438 

439 

440 

441 

442 

443 

444 

445 

446 

447 

448 

449

450

451 

452 

453

454

455 

456 

457

458 

459

460 

461 

462

Location.

Line of subway, on Lexington avenue Con.

104th street. ....................

105th street. ....................

106th street. ................ 1 ...

107th street. ....................

108th street. ....................

109th street. ....................

110th street. ....................

lllth street. ....................

112th street. ....................

113th street... ..................

114th street. ....................

115th street. ....................

Line of subway, on 110th street.a

About 270 feet east of Lexington 

avenue.

About 60 feet west of Park avenue . 

About 230 feet east of Park aven ue .

About 30 feet east of Madison 

avenue.

About 160 feet west of Fifth 

avenue.

About 180 feet east of Fifth avenue. 

A bout 510 feet east of Fifth avenue .

About 90 feet west of Lenox 

avenue.

Line of subway, onSUh street."

West side of First avenue. .......

About 325 feet east of Second 

avenue.

About 275 feet east of Second 

avenue.

About 50 feet east of Second 

avenue.

About halfway between Second 

and Third avenues.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

 4 

-42 

-51 

-62

-45

-41 

-17

-25

-52 

-62

 19

-70

-27 

 4

-22 

-28 

-24

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

13 

-30 

-37 

-44 

-30 

-38 

-35 

-15 

-27 

-25 

.-30 

-18 

7

-12

-39

-48 

-34

-44

 3 

-43 

-47

-18 

10

 7 

 11

 1

Kind of rock, if known.

Kock. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

No rock. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Kock. 

No rock. 

Do. 

Rock. 

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

No rock.

Do.

Rock. 

No rock. 

Do.

. Rock. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

a Rice, Geo. S., acting chief engineer, rapid transit commission. Wash borings; nature of rock not 

determined.
HOBBS.] PROFILE ALONG BROADWAY. 49

Summary of records of boringn made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

.463 

464 

465 

466

467

468 

469

470 

471

472 

473

474 

475

476

477 

478 

479 

480 

481 

482 

483 

484 

485 

486 

487 

488 

489 

490 

491

Location.

Line of subivay, on SItth street Continued. 

East side of Third avenue .......

Fourth avenue. . ................

Middle of Park avenue ..........

Madison avenue ................

Fifth avenue ...................

About halfway between Fifth 

avenue and Astor court.

About halfway between Astor 

court and Sixth avenue.

West side of Broadway ..........

About 300 feet east of Seventh 

avenue.

Seventh avenue .................

About halfway between Seventh 

and Eighth avenues.

About 400 feet east of Ninth 

avenue.

Profile along Broadway Barclay street to 

33d street."

Barclay street ..................

Murray street ..................

Warren street ..................

Chambers street ................

Duane street. ...................

Thomas street ..................

Worth street ...................

Leonard street. .................

Franklin street .................

White street. ...................

Walker street. ............ ^ ......

Lispenard street ................

Canal street ....................

Depth of boring to rook

As given.

- 2 

- 9 

-5 to 29 

- 2 

- 0 

- 21

_ ^5

- 6 

- 2

- 2 

- 32

- 31. 

- 11

- 10

- 10. 15 

-112.5 

-113.5 

-109.2 

-100. 75 

-116 

-167. 25 

-138.5 

-147. 5 

- 95 

- 83.45 

-105. 5 

-107. 2 

- 68.25 

- 87.5

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

25 

34 

46 to 60 

43

52

30 

34

40 

40

39 

6

4 

31

37

65 

- 75 

- 75 

- 71 

- 65 

- 82 

-131 

-104 

-110 

- 60 

 53 

- 80 

- 88 

-55- 

- 74

Kind of rouk, if known.

Kock. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do,

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do, 

 Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

a Parsons, W. B., Traqs. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 28,1893, pp. 13-18, pi. 6, 

Bull. 270 05 4
50 ROCK- FLOOE OF GEEATEE NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in Neiv York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

 number.

492 

493 

'494 

495 

496 

497 

498 

499 

500 

501 

502 

503 

504 

505 

506 

507 

508 

509

510

511 

512 

513 

514 

515 

516 

517 

518 

519 

520 

521 

522 

523 

524 

525

Location.

Profile along Broadivay Barclay street to 

SSd street Continued.

Grand street. ...................

Bleecker street .................

4th street. ......................

Astor place........ ........... ..

Clinton place ...................

9th street. ......................

10th street. ......................

12th street. .....................

loth street ......................

17th street. ......................

18th street........... '...........

19th street. ..............".......

20th street.. 1........... ;. ......

21st street ......................

22d street ......................

23d street ......................

24th street . . 1 ........... J .......

25th street. .....................

26th street .......... . ...........

27th street. .....................

28th street. ............'..'.......

29th street. . ............ J .......

30th street;. ............ .'.....

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 50 

- 70.8 

- 47."5 

- 70.1 

- 70 

-105. 6 

- 66.15 

- 68.65 

- 53/01 

- 40.1 

- 34.45 

- 48.85 

- 50 « . 

- 65. 25 

- 35.25 

 40. 33 

 31.15

-r- 22

- 34

- 13.25 

- 10.15

- 17 

- 21.5

- 24

- 19.2

- 16.7

Referred 

t'o U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 35 

- 56

fJU99

- 38 

- 32 

, - 63 

- 23 

- 27 

- 13 

 2 

9 -" 8

- 27 

5 

2 

13 

23

9 

30 

34

3r

- 29 

' 27 

25 

22' 

 19"

18;

19 

 '21 

24' 

"26 

' 28 

29'

Kind of rock, if known.

Eock or bo.wlder. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

-Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Gneiss.

Do:

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

' Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

' Do 

Do. 

Do. 

Rock or bowlder. 

Do.

a From profile; no figure given.
HOBBS.] FOUNDATIONS OF TALL BUILDINGS. 51

'Summary of records of borings made in New York and mcinity Continued.

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

. 526

527 

528

529

530

531

532

533

534

535

536

537

538

539

Location.

Profile along Broadway Barclay 

street to SSd street Continued.

31st street .......... ^ .......

32d street ..................

33d street ..................

Inundations of tall buildings.

New custom-house, Battery 

place/'

Battery place building, between West and Washington streets, b

Hallenbeck building, Park 

and Pearl streets. c

Com Exchange (addition), 

Beaver and Williams 

streets. (l

Blair building, Broad street 

and Exchange place. e

Broad-Exchange, southeast 

corner Exchange place and 

Broad street. &

Wall Street Exchange, north 

side Exchange place, between Williams and Broad 

streets. &

Bank of State of New York, 

Exchange place, between 

Broadand Williams streets./

New- York Stock Exchange, 

Broad street, near Wall 

street. <J

Atlantic Mutual building, 

Wall and Williams streets. A

Hanover National Bank, Pine 

and Nassau streets. *

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-40 

 32 to 40

( 52) 

\ 1 -43 1-35/

-40

-35

-45

[-4! I 

-49.6-46 

-48. 8J

r 41. 1

I-43' 6 -43 

-46.5

1-42. 3

-40

-60

-51 to -55

 28 to -48

 Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

33

37 

41

-41

-25

-19

-29

 31

-26

-22

-29

-22 to -26

6to-14

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do.

Gneiss.

Do.

Rock not sounded.

Rock, presumably 

gneiss.

Rock.

Gneiss.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Rock.

aFry, Capt. A. B., chief engineer and superintendent United States public buildings No. 156, 

post-office building. ' , 

ftPurdy, C. T., consulting engineer, Geo. A. Fuller Construction Company, 

c Engineering Record, vol. 47, 1903, p. 377. ' . . 

rtRobertson & Potter, architects, 160 Fifth avenue, Engineering Record, vol. 45,1902, p. 567. 

e Engineering Record, vol. 46,1902, p. 227. Rock believed to be gneiss.- 

/Idem, p. 299.

oTdem, p. 155. Maximum depth below new street curb. . . 

ft Idem, vol. 42, 1900, pp. 157-158. 

i Idem, vol. 45,1902, p. 298. Rock presumably gneiss.
52 ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

of records of borings made in New York'and vicinity Continued.

BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

640

641

542

543

544

545

546

546a

5466

546c

546d 

546e

547 

548

549

550

Location.

Foitndationts of tail buitdings^Cout'A.

Johnston building, southwest 

corner Broad street and Exchange place/*

Empire building, 71 Broadway, 

near Rector street. &

Gillender building, northwest 

corner Wall and Nassau streets. c

New York Stock Exchange, Broad 

and New streets. d

Stokes building, Williams and 

Cedar streets. *

Mutual Life building, .Nassau, 

Liberty, and Cedar streets./

Broadway 

Washington Life building, between Cedar and Liberty 

streets. &

Southwest corner AV a 1 k e r 

street. 3

Plot 476 (near Grand and 

Broome streets).

Southeast corner 20th street. . . .

Lot 438 West 39th street"(south

side, between Ninth and 

Tenth avenues).

Bowery, northwest corner 

Spring street.

Park Row building/'- 13 Park 

row. *

American Tract Society building, 

Nassau and Spruce streets.*'

Morse building, Nassau and 

Beekman streets. J

Standard building, Broadway 

and New street, k

Depth of boring to rock,

As gl Veil.

- 35

- 54

70

- 60

- 48

-100

- 75

- 39 

- 39

- 33 to -22

- 15 to -19 

- .39

- 86 . 

-100

- 35.5

 45

Referred 

to U. 8. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook'.

-19

-19

-45

-29

-22

-63

-40

-19

21 to 10

-47

- 6.5

--14

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock.

No rock.

Rock.

Do.

Do.

Do.

No rock.

Do.

Rock or

Do. 

No rock

bowlder.

Rock or bowlder. 

No rock.

Do.

Rock.

-"Engineering Record, vol. 32, 1895, p. 117. 

&Gratacap, L. P., Geol. City of New York, pp. 10-12. 

c Engineering Record, vol. 35,1897, p. 140. Rock, presumably gneiss, 

dldem, vol. 44,1901, p. 289. Average depth below new street curb. Rock and hardpan. 

eldem, vol. 34, 1896, p. 184. Rock, presumably gneiss. 

/Idem, vol. 45, 1902. p. 368. (Maximum.)

(/Records 546a-546e furnished by Mr. RobertMaynicke, architect, 725-727 Broadway. 

ftRobertson & Potter, architects, 160 Fifth avenue, 

i Engineering Record, vol. 38,1898, p. 166. 

i Idem, vol. 44 V 1901, p. 422. . 

fcldem, vol. 34, 1896, pp. 107-108. Average depth; rock presumably gneiss.
HOWHS.] FOUNDATIONS OF TALL BUILDINGS. 53

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vlcwity Continued.

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

551 

552

553

554

555

556

557.

558 

559

560

561

562

563

Location.

Foundations of tall buildings Cont'cl.

American Exchange National 

Bank, Broadway and Cedar 

street. « 

Exchange court building, 52-56 

Broadway.''

Manhattan Life building, 64-68

Broadway, between Exchange

place and Wall street. c

American Surety building, 

Broadway and Pine street/'

R. G. Dun building, northeast 

corner Broadway and Reade 

streets. e

Meyer-Jonassen building, Broadway and 12th street./

Decker building, northwest corner 16th street and Union 

square.!/

Warehouse building, 6 east 18th 

street, near Fifth avenue.''

Flatiron building, 22d to 23d 

streets, between Fifth avenue 

and Broadway. *

Siegel-Cooper building, Sixth 

avenue, 18th to 1.9th streets..?

Hospital, Second avenue, 17th to 

18th streets .*

Y. M:. C. A. building, 23d and 

24th streets and Fourth avenue, l

Court of Appeals building, Madison avenue and 25th street.'"1

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 70

- 43

- 68 '

-105

-25 to -55

-15

-37 

-35

-16 to -28

-22. 5

- 4 to 16

- 7.2

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook-.

-33 

-16

- 9

-30

 83

19 to -11

26

3

17 to - 5

0

1 7 to 29

29

Kind of rock, 

if known.

Rock. 

No rock.

Gneiss.

Do.

Rock.

Mica-schist.

Rock.

No rock. 

Rock.

Do.

Dor

Gneiss.

Do.

a.Engineering Record, vol. 40,1899, p. 403. " Rock or hardpan."

bldem, vol. 38.1898, pp. 35-36. Piles driven 50 feet.

cGratacap, L. P., Geol. City of New York, pp. 10-12; about 50 feet according to Engineering Record, 

vol. 30,1894, p. 189.

dEngineering Record, vol. 33,1896, p. 81; 71 according to Gratacap, L. P., Geol. City of New York, 

pp. 10-12.

eldem, vol. 37,1898, p. 211. "Rock or hardpan."

/Idem, vol. 33,1896, p. 315. Very irregular surface, varies 6 to 8 feet in distances of 15 feet. About 

the middle of the building there was a kind of pocket in the rock, a V-shaped section about 40 feet 

wide at top and 10 feet deep, beginning riear the south side of the site and running northwest, so 

that the rock surface sloped in three directions. Rock " rotten mica-schist."

(/Idem, vol. 45,1902, p. 442. Rock presumably gneiss. '

ft Idem, p. 87.

ildem, p. 298. Cellar excavated to this depth.

JIdem, vol. 34,1896, p. 315. Rock presumably gneiss.

fcRobertson, R. H., architect, 160 Fifth avenue.

' Boiler & Hodge, engineers, 1 Nassau street.

»»»Wills, Chas. T., builder, 156 Fifth avenue. (Average depth.)
'54

EOCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

564

565

566

. 567.

568

569

570

570 a

5706

570 c

570 d

me

570/

5700

570 //,

570 i

570J

570*

570 1

570w

\ 

Location.

Foundations of tall buildings Cont'd.

Park Kealty building, 63d street 

and Madison avenue.*

Fabbri residence, East 62d street 

near Fifth avenue. &

Ansonia Hotel, 23d street and 

Broadway, near curb. < '

Plotel Beluiont, southwest corner 

Park avenue and 42d street, 

near curb. rf

Center 41st street opposite Hotel 

Belmont, on west side Park 

avenue/*

Macy building, 34th and 35th 

streets on Broadway. e

Imperial Hotel extension, Broadway between 31st and 32d 

streets./

Fifth avenue 0 

Northwest corner 14th street. . .

Plots 87-89, between 16th and 

17th streets.

Northeast corner 17th street . . .

Southeast corner 17th street . . .

Southeast corner 18th street . . .

Northwest corner 18th street . .

Southwest corner 18th street . .

. Southwest corner 19th street . .

Northwest corner 19th street ..

Lot 137 (28} feet north of 20th 

street).

Southeast corner 20th street . . .

Southwest corner 22d street. . . .

Northwest corner 52d street. . . .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-30 to -40

-30 to -40

-72

-20

- 5

-26

- 3 to -30

-11 to -22

-12to 21

-19 to -28

 18 to 23

-19 to -36

 17 to 27

-12 to 31

-23 to -27

-21 to -32

-34 to -43

-33 to -36

-30to-34

-37 to -44

Referred to 

U. S. datum, 

Sandy Hook.

'

23 to 13

-35

33

58

21

39 to 12

25 to 14

29 to 20

21 to 12

23 to 18

20 to 3

23 to 13

28 to 9

17 to 13

19 to 8

7 to 2

9 to 6

' 8 to 4

8 to 1

Kind of rock, if 

known.

Rock.

Do.

Eock or 

der.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Soft rock.

Do.

Eock or. 

der.

Do.

bowlbowla Engineering Record, vol. 44,1901, p. 12. Below the bottom of the cellar of the old building which 

formerly occupied the site. Rock presumably gneiss. . . ' ;

l> Idem, vol. 39,1898, p. 81. Old stream valley. Rock presumably gneiss. .. '.-'... ,

c Idem, vol. 47,1902, pp. 50-51. "Cellar excavated in solid rock;" depths approximate.

<i Idem, p. 146. " Rock surface rises toward south at steep angle."

e Idem, vol. 48, 1903, p. 332. (Maximum.)

/Idem, vol. 49,1904, p. 484. Surface "very irregular, dropping vertically several feet in a number 

of the pits. Many seams were encountered which were filled with chlorite of the ponsistency^f soft putty." ' .-.""" /', ..

0 Records 670a-5702 furnished by Mr. Robert Maynicke, architect, 725-727 Broadway, Ne\y Yqrk City.
HO BBS.] FOUNDATIONS OF TALL BUILD1MGS. 55

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

570p 

570 q 

570 r 

570s

570 1

570 M 

570 v 

570.T 

570 y 

5702

571

572 

573 

574

575 

576

577 

578

579 

580 

581 

" 582 

583 

584

Location.

Foundations of tall buildings Cont'd.

West of Fifth avenue 

60 feet on 17th' street, north side 

184 feet west of 570 </..........

335 feet west of 570 f ..........

65 feet west of 570/. ...........

220 feet on 19th street.........

320 feet west of 570 h. .........

125 feet west of 570 i ..........

400 feet west .of 570 h ..........

245 feet on 20th street. ........

100 feet west of 570 ?/.........-.

On line of 81st street.a

Near Ninth avenue 

20 feet east of east line (core) . . 

250 feet east of east line (core) . 

500 feet east of east line (core) . 

740 feet east of east line .......

Near Eighth avenue 

90 feet east of east line ........

420 feet east of east line .......

580 feet east of east line .......

740 feet east of east line .......

On line of S2d street.

Near Twelfth avenue 

East side (core) ................

300 feet east of east line (core) . 

Bulkhead line (D-l) ............

Near Eleventh avenue, west line. 

' East line ... .'1 ................

300 feet east of east line .......

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 20 

: - 24 

 25 

- 25 

- 24 

 21 

i - 25 

- 21 

' - 18 

- 16

336. 1 

- 329. 4 

287.6 

304

290.4 

290. 3 

304. 5 

313.9

187. 3 

235.7 

181.9 

289.6 

289.8 

303

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

20 

15. 

14 

14 

15 

18 

14, 

, 18, 

... 11 

23

39' 

32 

- 10 

6

_ n

 7 

7 

16

-110

- 62 

 116 

- 8 

- 8 

- 15

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. . ! 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

 Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Kock.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Gneiss. . 

Do. 

. DoDo. 

Do. 

Do.

«Records 571-657 on 31st, 32d, 33d, and 34th streets reported by A. Noble and Chas. M. Jacobs, chief 

engineers. Depths referred to datum 300 feet below mean high water, except 597-620 and,629-654 

referred to rneau high water. Nos. 574-578,581-596, and 621-628 are borings by Davis calyx drill/
56 ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Nummary of records of borings made in New York and, vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

585 

586

687 

688

589 

590 

591 

592

593 

594 

595 

596 

597

598 

599

600 

601 

602 

603 

604

605 

606 

607

608 

609

610 

611 

612

Location.

On line of 32d street Continued.

Near Tenth avenue 

150 feet west of west line ...... 

150 feet east of east line .......

400 feet east of east line .......

Near Ninth avenue 

720 feet east of east line .......

Near Eighth avenue 

340 feet east of east line .......

760 feet east of east line .......

Near Fifth avenue, west line 

(wash).

Halfway to Broadway (core) ..

Near Sixth avenue, west line 

(wash).

200 feet west of west line (core) .

Seventh avenue, east line (core) . . 

Third avenue, west line (wash)..

Halfway to Lexington avenue 

(wash),

Lexington avenue (core) ........

Wash....... ......... .......

Fourth avenue, east line (core) .. 

West line (wash ) ,.,......,,..

Halfway to Madison avenue

(wash),

Madison avenue (core) ..........

Wash......................

Halfway to Fifth avenue (core) ,

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

290.9 

320! 9 

335 

340. 9

320.6 

327.8 

323.6 

311.8

292 

282.8 

311. 3

321. 1 

_ i

- 38

- 10

- 31

 , 14

- 30 

_ 2

- 15

- 8 

- 8 

- 0 

r-12 

1 - 5

__ rj

- 21 

- 30 

_ 2

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, SandyHook.

23 

37 

43

23 

30 

26 

14

- 6 

- 15 

.14 

24 

3

40 

.12

33 

16 

32 

4 

- 13

} '»

2

} e

9

1 28 

0

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do; 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Rook or bowlder.

Gneiss. 

Rock or bowlder.

Gneiss.

Do. 

Do. 

Rock or bowlder. 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Rock or bowlder. 

Dp.

Gneiss. 

Do,
1'IOUHS.J LINE OF THIRTY-THIRD STREETs

Summary of records of'borings made w New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF'MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

613

614

615 

616

617

618

619

620

621 

622 

623 

624

625 

626

627 

628

629

630

631 

632 

633

634

635

636

637 

638

Location.

On line ofSZd street Continued.

Fifth avenue, east line (core)....

First avenue, west line (core) ...

Halfway to Second ave. ( wash) . 

Second avenue (core) ...........

Halfway to Third avenue ( wash )

Third avenue, east line (core) ...

Bulkhead line, foot of 32d street 

(core). 

First avenue, 100 feet east of east 

line (core).

On line ofSSd nt.rect.

Near Ninth avenue 

20 feet east of east line ........ 

240 feet east of east line .......

-475 feet east of east line ........

720 feet east of east line .......

Near Eighth avenue 

70 feet east of east line. ........

370 feet east of east line .......

570 feet east of east line .......

770 feet. east of east line .......

Near Fifth avenue, west line 

(core).

100 feet west of west line ( wash ) .

600 feet westof west line (core) . 

Broadway, east line (core) ......

Near Sixth avenue, west line 

(wash). .

500 feet west of west line (wash) .

575 feet west of west line ( core) .

Seventh avenue, east line (wash) .

Near Third avenue, west line 

(wash).

Half block west (wash) .......

Depth of boring'to rock.

As given.

_ 0

- 13

- 3

- 16

 1

.-112

- 4

334. 4 

324. 4 

332.7 

322. 6

282. 5 

286. 9 

330 

334. 2

- 23

- 3

- 15 

- 34

 32

 2'.-

- :,

- j6

_ o

-- 6

Referred 

to II. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

2

15

5 

6 

- 14

3

-110

- 2

37 

27 

35 

25

- 15 

- 11 

32 

37

25

5

17 

36 

34

26

5

38

5 

8

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss.

Do.

Rock or bowlder. 

Gneiss.

Rock or bowlder.

Gneiss.

Do.

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do, 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Rock or bowlder.

Gneisa. 

Do. 

Rock or bowlder.

Do.

Gneiss.

Rock or bowlder.

Do. 

Do.
58 ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW tORK\ ttt»tt.2W,

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued, 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OP MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

639 

640

641

642 

643 

644 

645 

646 

647

648-

649 

650 

651 

652 

653 

654

655 

. 656

657

658 

659 

660 

661 

662 

663 

664 

665 

666

Location.

On line of 33d street Continued. 

Near Lexington avenue ( wash ) . .

Half block west (core) ........

Near Fourth avenue 

100 feet west of west line (core) . 

Madison avenue ( wash ).........

Core .......................

Fifth avenue, east line (wash) . . . 

Near First avenue (core) ........

Halfway to Second avenue 

(wash).

Near Second avenue, east line 

(wash).

West line (core) ..............

Halfway to Third avenue ( wasli ) 

Third avenue, east line (core) . . . 

Bulkhead line (core) ...........

First avenue, east line. ..........

Pierhead line .................

On line ofKUh street.

Pierhead line ( wash ) ...........

First avenue, 100 feet east of east 

line (core).

West side, 75 feet south of south 

line 34th street (core).

Along Fourth avenue.u

14th street .....................

15th street .....................

16th street .....................

17th street ..'...................

18th street ... l .................

19th' street .....................

20th street .....................

21st street .......................

22d street ......................

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 22 }2o

- 18/ 

_ 1^

- 41

- 2V

- 26J 

- 36

- 13 

- 5

04. i;Tt

_ 2

- 1

__ Q

- 96 

- 21 

-163

-140

00Oi/

- 10

- 10 

- 8 

- 10 

- 15 

- 15 

- 10 

- 9 

- 17 

- 23

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

22. 

13

43

27

38 

 11 

- 3

- 22

4 

I'- 

ll 

- 94' 

- 19 

-161

-138 

- 30

 8

35 

35 

30 

25' 

23 

23 

23 

15 

10

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Rock or bowlder. 

Gneiss. 

Rock or bowlder.

Do.

Gneiss. 

Rock or bowlder. 

Gneiss. 

Do. 

 ' Do. 

No rock.

Rock or bowlder. 

Gneiss. '

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

"Graether, L. P., Atlas of building laws of United States, New York, vol. 1, pi. 2. Depths (circa) 

scaled from section. Rock, gneiss interstratified with granite and anthophyllite.
HOBKS.] RIVERSIDE PARk EXTENSION. 59

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OP MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

667 

668 

669 

670 

671 

672 

673 

674 

675 

676 

677 

678 

679

680 

681 

.682 

683 

684 

685 

686 

687 

688 

689 

690 

691 

692 

693 

694 

695 

696 

697 

698

Location.

Along Fourth avenue Continued. 

23d street ......................

24th street .....................

25th street .....................

26th street .....................

27th street .....................

28th street .....................

29th street .....................

30th street .....................

31st street ......................

. 32d street .....................

33d street ......................

34th street .....................

35th street ^ ............ ........

Riverside Park extension, a

Twelfth avenue '' * 

Southwest corner 137th street.. 

3 feet west of 680. .............

100 feet north of 680 ..........

Southeast corner 138th street. . . 

Northeast corner 138th street. . 

160 feet southeast of 684. ......

100 feet east of 685 ......'......

160 feet northeast of 684. ......

100 feet north of 687 ..........

100 feet north of 684 ..........

Northeast corner 139th street. . 

2 feet west of 690 ............".

'2 feet east of 690..............

100 feet north of 139th street. . . 

3 feet west of 693. .............

140th street ..................

100 feet north of 695 ..........

141st street. ..................

3 feet north of 697 ............

oWllliamson, F. S., consulting eng

Depth of boring, to rock.

As given.

-27 

-30 

-20 

-17 

-15 

-12 

-17 

-25 

-30 

-15 

- 8 

- 5 

0

-27 

-31. 50 

-32 

 41. 50 

-44. 66 

-38 

-27. 50 

-29 

-33 

-27 

- 8 

-10 

- 8.50 

 11 

-15 

-32 

-37. 16 

-15 

-15 

ineer, 25 Broac

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

3

0 

10 

16 

25 

24 

23 

15 

8 

25 

35 

57 

70

-15

-19 

-20 

-29 

 31 

 26 

-16 

 17 

 21 

 15 

4 

2

3 

1 

- 3 

-20 

-26 

- 3 

- 3 

I street; wf

Kind of rock, if known.

Gineiss. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

'Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. ' 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

ish borings.
BOOK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made, in New York and. vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

699 

700' 

701 

702 

703 

704 

705 

706 

707 

708 

709 

710 

711 

712 

713 

714 

715 

716 

717 

 718 

719 

720 

721 

722 

723 

724 

725 

726 

.-^27 

728 

729 

730 

731 

732

Location.

Riverside Park extension Continued.

Twelfth avenue Continued. 

3 feet north of 698 ............

50 feet north of 697 ...........

8 feet east of 700..............

2 feet east of 701 ..............

50 feet north of 700 ...........

55 feet north of 697 ...........

4 feet north of 704 ............

50 feet north of 705 ...........

142d street ...................

70 feet north of 707 ...........

30 feet north of 708 :..........

100 feet north of 707 ..........

50 feet north of 710 ...........

50 feet north of 711 ...........

143d street ...................

4 feet south of 713 ............

25 feet north of 713............

50 feet north of 715 ...........

5 feet north of 716 ............

25 feet' north of 717 ...........

100 feet north of 713 ..........

25 feet north of 719 ...........

25 feet north of 720 ...........

5 feet north of 721 ............

5 feet east of 722 ..............

20 feet north of 722 ...........

5 feet north of 724 ............

25 feet north of 725 ...........

144th street ..................

5 feet north of 727 .............

25 feet north of 728 ...........

25 feet north of 729 .......... ^

25 feet north of 730 ...........

1.00 feet north of 727 ..........

Depth of boring- to, rock.

As given.

-18. 50 

-12.33 

-18.50 

-18 

-17 

-28. 50 

-16. 75 

-13 

-33. 50 

-31. 16 

-29 

-18. 75 

33

-28. 33 

-25 

-22. 5 

 26. 66 

-12 

-11 

- 8.50 

- 8 

- 8 

 8 

 9.16 

-11.50 

- 8.33 

- 5 

- 6 

- 8 

- 9.50 

- 9.16

Sk - 8 

 8.50 

- 9

Referred 

to U. S. 

datura, 

Sandv 

Hook".

_ 7 

1

- 6. 

- 5 

-17 

- 5 

 1 

-22 

-19

_ jy

 7 

-21 

-16 

-13 

-11 

-15 

0 

- 1 

3 

4 

4 

4 

3 

0 

4 

7 

6 

4 

2 

3 

4 

3 

3

Kind of rock, if known.

Rook or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. , 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. ' 

. Do.' 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.
HOBBS.] KIVEES1DE PAEK EXTENSION. 61

Sum-mart/ of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

733 

734 

735 

736 

737 

738 

739 

740 

741 

742 

743 

744 

745 

746 

747 

748 

749 

750 

.751 

752 

753 

754 

755 

756 

757 

758 

759 

760 

761 

762 

763 

764 

765 

766

Location.

Riaersiile Park, extension Continued.

Twelfth avenue Continued. 

10 feet north of 732 ...........

25 feet north of 733 ...........

50 feet north of 734 ...........

Southeast corner 145th street . .

25 feet north of 736 ...........

5 feet north of 737 ............

25 feet north of 738 ...........

5 feet north of 739 ............

25 feet north of 740 ...........

25 feet north of 741 ...........

Northeast corner 145th street . . 

25 feet north of 743 ...........

25 feet north of 744 ...........

25 feet north of 745 ...........

100 feet north of 743 ..........

25 feet north of 747 ...........

25 feet north of 748 ...........

25 feet north of 749 ...........

146th street. ..................

50 feet north of 751 ...........

25 feet north of 752 ...........

100 feet north of 751 ..........

25 feet north of 754 ...........

 25 feet north of 755 ...........

147th street. ..................

25 feet north of 757 ...........

25 feet north of 758 ...........

100 feet north of 757 ..........

50 feet north of 760 ...........

148th street. ..................

25 feet north of 762 ...........

25 feet north of 763 ...........

25 feet north of 764 ............

100 feet north of 762..........

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 8. 50 

-12. 50 

- 9.66

 9

- 7.50

_ 7

- 6 ^ 

- 5.50 

-13. 33 

-10. 33 

- 7.33 

- 6.50 

 7 

- 8.50 

 10. 16 

-.8.66 

-12. 33 

-15 

- 8. 33 

-12.50 

-15. 66 

-16 

-14. 50 

-12 

-14. 50 

-19. 16 

-17.50 

-18. 50 

 21. 50 

-19. 50 

-15 

-10. 50 

 9.16 

 2

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

3 

_ ^

2

3

4

5 

6 

6

-7- I

2 

5 

5 

5 

3 

2

3 

0 

- 3 

4 

 1 

- 4 

_ 4

.0

 o

_ 7 

- 6

-10

- 9 

_ 3

 -^ 

3 

10

Kind of rock, if known.

4

Kock or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do. 

 Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

, Do. 

Do. 

DC. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Bock in sight. 

Do. ~
62 HOCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made'in New 'York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OP MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

Location.

Depth of boring to rock,

As given.

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

Kind of rock, if known.

Riverside Park extension Continued.

Twelfth avenue Continued.

767 ' 50 feet north of 766 .........

768 25 feet north of 767 ..........

769 149th street..................

770 25 feet north of 769 ..........

771 12 feet north of 770 ..........

772 25 feet north of 771 ..........

773 13 feet north of 772 ..........

774 25 feet north of 773 ..........

775 100 feet north of 769 .........

776 25 feet north of 775 ..........

777 25 feet north of 776........ ..

778 25 feet north of 777 ..........

779" 25 feet north of 778 ..........

780 150th street .................

781 25 feet north of 780 ...........

782 25 feet north of 781 ..........

783 25 feet north of 782 ..........

784 100 feet north of 780.........

785 25 feet north of 784...........

786 25 feetnorth of 785..........

787 25 feet north of 786 .........

788 151st street..................

789 25 feet north of 788 ........ .

790 25 feet north of 789........ .

791 3 feet north of 790 ...........

792 22 feet north of 791..........

793 25 feet north of 792 ..........

794 125 feet north of 788 .,........

795 25 feet north of 794 ...........

796 25 feet north of 795"...........

797 25 feet north of 796 ..........

793 Southeast corner 152d street..

799 25 feet north of 798 .'.........

800 6 feet north of 799 ...........

2

2

0

'4

4.50 

5.50 

4.50 

5.50 

5

5.16 

5.50 

5.33 

6.50 

4.50 

4.66 

5

4 : 

3.66 

5

5.33 

4.50 

4.66 

5 

3

3.50 

5.16 

5

4.66 

5.50 

7

6.16 

5/50 

7.50 

8-

10

10

12

8

7

6

1

6 7'

7

6

7

5

7

6

6

7

7

6

6

6

5

5

7

6

5

5

5

4

3

4

2

0

0

Rock in sight.

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Rock or bowlder.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. .

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.
EIVEESIDE PABE EXTENSION. 63

 'Summary-of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

801 

802 

803 

804 

805 

806 

807 

808 

809 

810 

811 

812 

813 

814 

815 

816 

817 

818 

819 

820 

821 

822 

823 

824 

825 

826 

827 

828 

829 

830 

831 

832 

833 

834

Location

Riverside Park extension Continued.

Twelfth avenue Continued. 

19 feet north of 800 ...........

Northeast corner 152d street... 

25 feet north of 802 ...........

15 feet west of 803...... ......

25 feet north of 802 ...........

25 feet north of 805 ...........

25 feet north of 806 ...........

125 feet north of 802 ..........

25 feet north of 808 ...........

25 feet north of 809 ......;....

25 feet north of 810'. ..........

Southeast corner 153d street. .. 

Northeast corner 153d street. . . 

25 feet north of 813 ...........

25 feet north of 814 ...........

25 feet north of 815 ...........

100 feet north of 813 ..........

5 feet north of 817 ............

20 feet north of 818...... ......

25 feet north ox 819 .. .,_......

25 feet north ot 820 ...........

25 feet north of 821 ........:..

4 foet west of 822. .............

125 feet north of 81.7 ..........

25 feet north of 824 ...........

25 feet north of 825 ...........

3 feet west of 826. .............

25 feet north of 827 ...........

25 feet north of 828 ...........

25 feet north of 829 .. .........

5 feet north of 830 ............

25 feet north of 831 . j .........

25 feet north of 832 ...........

25 feet north of 833 ...........

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 8.16 

-10. 33 

-10. 66

-7.50

 9.16 

- 7.66 

- 8.50 

- 7.66 

- 8 

- 7. 16 

- 8.33 

-14. 16 

-22. 50 

- 7 

-19. 16 

-20 

-12.66 

-17. 50 

-17 

-21 

-16. 50 

-11. 16 

-20. 66 

-21. 50 

-23 

- 9.16 

-22.50 

-22. 16 

-21. 50 

-12 

-19 

-17. 50 

 16 

-16. 50

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

0 

- 2 

- 3

0 

 1 '

0 

_ 1

0 

0

1

0 

- 6 

-15 

1 

 11 

-12 

._. 5

-10 

- 9 

 13 

- 9 

- 3 

-13 

-14

-15 

_ ^

-15

-14 

 14 

 4 

 11 

-10 

- 8 

- 9

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do. 

DO. y

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Bo. 

Do. 

.Do. 

Do, 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

' Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.
64 ROCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL.'270.

.Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

835 

836 

837 

838 

 839 

840

841 

842 

843 

844 

845 

846 

847 

848 

849 

'850 

851

oco OO/

853 

854 

855 

856 

857 

858 

859 

860 

861 

862 

863 

864 

865 

866 

867 

868

Location.

Riverside Park extension Continued.

Twelfth avenue Continued. 

25 feet north of 834 ...........

25 feet north of 835 ...........

Southeast corner 155th street . . 

3 feet west of 837 .............

50 feet north of 837 ...........

70 feet east of northeast corner 

of 155th street.

6 feet west of 840 .............

100 feet east of 840 ............

5 feet west of 842. .............

50 feet north of 842 ...........

50 feet north of 841 ...........

100 feet north of 840 ...........

6 feet west of 846 .............

25 feet north of 846 ...........

25 feet north of 848 ...........

25 feet north of 849 ...........

Southeast corner 156th street . . 

7 feet south of 851 ............

45 feet south of 851 ...........

25 feet north of 853 ...........

25 feet north of 854 ...........

5 feet north of 855 ............

20 feet north of 856 ...........

25 feet north of 857 ............

25 feet north of 858 ...........

200 feet north of 851 .........

25 feet north of 860 ...........

25 feet north of 861 ...........

25 feet north of 862 ...........

5 feet north of 863 ............

20 feet north of 864 ...........

25 feet north of 865 ...........

25 feet north of 866 ...........

25 feet north of 867 ...........

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-22. 66 

-32.16 

-12 . 

-15 

-22 

-13. 50

-20. 50

- 9.50 

 19. 66 

-22.33 

-12 

-25.50 

-26 

-21.33 

-19.50 

 14

 -22.16 

 22 

-20. 33 

- 8.50 

-16. 66 

-17.50 

-17 

-16. 66 

-18 

-17 

-19.66 

-13. 26 

-13. 50 

-10. 16 

- 8. 50 

- 5.50 

- 6

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

-15 

-24- 

- 4 

 7 

-14 

- 6

-13 

1 

- 2 

-12 

 14 

- 4 

-18 

 18 

-13 

-12 

- 6

-14 

-14 

-12 

1 

- 9 

-10 

- 9 

- 9 

-10 

- 9 

-12 

- 5 

- 6 

_ 2 

1 

2 

2

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

'Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

. Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.
HOBBS.] RIVERSIDE PAEK EXTENSION. 65

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

869 

870 

871 

872 

873 

874 

875 

876 

877 

878 

879 

880 

881 

' 882 

883 

884 

885 

886 

887 

888 

889 

890 

891 

892 

893 

894 

895 

896 

897 

898 

899 

900 

901 

902

Location.

Riverside Park extension Continued.

Twelfth avenue Continued. 

20 feet north of 868 ...........

5 feet north of 869 ............

25 feet north of 870 ...........

5 feet north of 871 ............

25 feet north of 872 ...........

3 feet north of 873 ............

20 feet north of 874 ...........

20 feet north of 875 ...........

25 feet north of 876 ...........

25 feet north of 877 ...........

Southeast corner 158th street .. 

100 feet east of 879 ............

25 feet south of 880 ...........

25 feet south of 881 ...........

25 feet south of 882 ...........

25 feet south of 883. ...........

25 feet south of 884. ...........

25 feet south of 885. ...........

175 feet south of 880. .........;

25 feet south of 887. ...........

25 feet south of 888. ...........

25 feet south of 889. ...........

25 feet south of 890 ............

25 feet south of 891. ...........

15 feet west of 892. ............

25 feet south of 893. ...........

25 feet south of 894. ...........

200 feet south of 887. ..........

5 feet south of 896. ............

20 feet south of 897. ...........

25 feet south of 898. ...........

20 feet south of 899 ............

25 feet south of 900. ...........

5 feet south of 901.............

Bull. 270 05 5

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 5.33 

- 5 

- 2 

 3. 50 

- 1.50 

- 2.66 

- 3.50 

- 5 

- 4.50 

- 4.16 

- 6.33 

- 3.75 

- 4.16 

- 5. 16 

- 6 

- 5.50 

- 4.33 

- 5 

- 3. 50 

- 2.66 

- 3.50 

- 5.50 

- 9.66 

- 6.16 

-11 

-11.66 

-12. 50 

- 7.16 

-15.75 

 12. 33 

 6.16 

-10. 50 

- 7 

- 5

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

3 

3 

6 

4 

6 

5 

4 

3 

3 

4 

2 

4 

4 

3 

2 

2 

4 

3 

4 

5 

4 

2 

- 2 

2 

- 3 

- 4 

- 5 

1

- 8 

_ 4

2 

 3 

1 

3

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

' Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.
66 BOOK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW TORE. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

903 

904 

905 

906 

907 

908 

909 

910 

911 

912 

913

914 

915 

916 

917 

918 

919 

920 

921

922

923 

924 

925 

926 

927 

928 

929

930

Location.

Riverside Park extension Continued.

Twelfth avenue Continued. 

20 feet south of 902 .'..........

25 feet south of 903. ...........

5 feet south of 904.............

25 feet south of 905. ............

200 feet south of 896. . .........

25 feet south of 907. ...........

 25 feet south of 908. ...........

25 feet south of 909. ...........

25 feet south of 910. ...........

25 feet south "of 911 ............

80 feet east of northeast corner 

158th street.

25 feet north of 913. ...........

25 feet north of 914............

25 feet north of 915. ............

25 feet north of 916. . ..........

25 feet north of 917:. ...........

160 feet north of 913...........

100 feet east of 919 ............

160 feet south of 920. ..........

Riverside viaduct. 

Throughout length « ...........

Manhattan viaduct. on Broadway, b 

125th street. .....................

126th street. ....................

127th street. ....................

Manhattan street ...............

129th street. ....................

130th street. ....................

50 feet south of 131st street ......

131st street to 133d street. ... ....

Depth of boring to rock

As given.

 5.66 

-11. 50 

-12.33 

-14 

-14.50 

-15 

-16. 33 

-15. 16 

-16. 66 

-18 

- 8

- 5.50 

- 8.33 

-.5.66

 8.16 

 7.66 

- 5.16 

 5 

- 3.50

-60

-13 

 10 

-13 

-30 

-13

_ g

- 5

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

2 

 4 

 4 

- 6 

- 7 

- 7 

-.8 

-'7 

 9 

-10 

0

2 

0 

2 

0 

.0 

3 

3 

4'

-47

- 6 

13 

26 

39

38 to 59

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock or bowlder. . 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.- 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

No rock.

No rock. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Gneiss.

Do.

a Williamson, F. S., consulting engineer, 25 Broad street. Riverside viaduct extends along 

Hudson River from 127th street to 135th street. Wash borings were made at short intervals for the 

entire distance to depths of 60 feet, and at the comer of 131st street and Twelfth avenue to dej.th 

of 75 feet. No rock was encountered. The elevation of the street throughout is 12.5 feet above mean 

tide. (For 96th street viaduct see serial number 1199, p. 80.)

& Klapp, Eugene, division engineer, rapid .transit commission. " Rock not sounded."
HOBBS.J MISCELLANEOUS. . 67

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OP MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

931 

932 

933 

934 

935 

936 

937 

938

939 

940

941 

942

943 

944 

945 

946

947 

948 

949 

950 

951 

952

953 

954 

955

Location.

Tenth avcnue.a

125th street. ....................

146th street. ....................

147th street. ....................

148th street. ....................

150th street. ....................

Miscellaneous Report of Lawyers' Title 

Insurance Company. t>

Pearl and State streets ..........

Battery place, West and Wash- . 

ington streets.

6-10 Bridge street ......'........

Pearl and Beaver streets. ........

Wall streetNorthwest corner William .....

Southwest corner William. ....

Broadway, southwest corner 

Cedar street. .

Liberty street 

Southwest corner William .....

Northeast corner William .....

Northwest corner William .....

Southeast corner William .....

Broadway, southeast corner 

Maiden lane.

Northeast corner Cliff and John 

streets.

9 Murray street, 155 feet west of 

Broadway.

North Moore street, east of Hudson street.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 25 

- 20 

- 10 

- 15 

- 18 

 1.8 

- 20 

- 18

- 37.50 

- 38.50

- 19 

- 35

- 33 

- 28. 16 

- 47.50 

- 82.33

- 47 

- 47 

- 45 

- 40. 75 

- 61.66 

'- 70

- 59.50 

 122.41 

- 55.50

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 5 

0 

120 

115 

115 

115 

108 

115

- 26 

- 33

- .5 

- 14

- 20

- 18 

- 31

- 47

- 30 

- 30 

- 28 

- 24 

- 26 

- 37

- 47 

- 87 

- 40

Kind of rock, if known.

No rock. 

Do. 

Gneiss. 

Do. 

Do. . 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Gneiss. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

) was

oGraether, L. F., Atlas of building laws of United States, New York, vol. 1, pi. 2. Depths (circa 

scaled from section, except 931 and 932, which appear to refer to the old grades before the " fill" wa 

made. "Rock not sounded."

fcNostrand, P. E., official surveyor of the company..
68 BOOK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL.270.

Summary of records of borings made in Neiv York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

956

957

958

959

960

961 

962

963

964

965

966

967

968

969

970

971

972

973

974

975

976

Location.

Miscellaneous Lawyers' Title Insurance 

Company Continued.

Broadway, southeast corner 

Spring street.

Center street, west side, 101 feet 

south of Howard.

Southeast corner Rivington and 

Eld ridge streets.

386-392 West 12th street, 155 

feet west of Greenwich.

13th street, north side, near Fifth 

avenue.

13th street and Sixth avenue. ....

Sixth avenue, between 13th and 

14th streets.

58 West 14th street, 125 feet east 

of Sixth avenue.

Irving place, northwest corner 

16th street.

19th street, north side, west of 

Sixth avenue. '

23d street, north side, .east of 

Eleventh avenue.

Fifth avenue, west side 23d street.

Madison avenue, southeast corner 26th street.

Broadway, between 34th and 

35th streets.

Fifth avenue, southwest corner 

34th street.

54-56 West 40th street, 225 feet 

east of Sixth avenue.

Seventh avenue, west side, between 41st and 42<:l streets.

Sixth avenue, between 43d and 

44th streets.

Fifth avenue, southwest corner 

44th street.

Madison avenue, southeast corner 

63d street.

Fifth avenue, northeast corner 

64th street.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-40

-39

-33

-44

-26

-15 .' 

-23

-41. 25

 18

-29

-41

-23

-16

_ ]_]_

-19.66

 21. 25

- 6. 75

 11. 83

 24. 25

-67. 50

-29. 50

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 1

-21

8

-33

10

11

4

-13

25

1

-31

18

21

35

33

45

.44

52

41

-15

27

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

' Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.
HOBBS.] ON OE NEAR FIFTH AVENUE. 69

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

977

978

979

980

981

982

983

984

985

986

987

988

989

990

Location.

Miscellaneous Lawyers' Title Insurance 

Company Continued.

7-15 East 73d street, 125 feet east 

of Fifth avenue.

Central Park West, between 76th 

and 77th streets.

Madison avenue, southwest corner 78th street.

Northwest corner 78th street. . .

Second avenue, between 92d and 

93d streets.

Third avenue, northeast corner 

98th street.

10th street, west of First avenue .

Miscellaneous On or near Fifth avenue. <*

28 feet south of 28th street, 90 

feet west of Fifth avenue.

Fifth avenue, northeast corner 

17th street.

100 feet east of 985..............

Fifth avenue, southeast corner 

20th street.

Northwest corner 18th street . .

Southwest corner 22d street. . . .

Northwest corner 19th street . .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-24. 50

-59

-13. 25

-12.50

-47.41

-20

-44

f -21.83 

I -20.66

( -26.5 

I -28. 1

r 21.16 

I -19.60 

' -32.9

-33.8 

 -37.0 

-37.3

-38. 0

-26. 16

-26. 75 

-22. 40

-19.90

-29. 9

-29.7 

-33.9

-33.9

-21.9

-23. 8

-29. 5

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

42

32

58

58

-19

9

-32

| 20

} '«

} 20

6

13

8

15

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss.

Do

Do.

Do

Do.

Rock not sounded.

Gneiss.

Gneiss. .

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

"Maynicke, Robert, architect. Depths of 985-1001 referred to curb datum. No. 997 "checks 

within 2 inches of borings on either side of street."
70 EOCK FLOOR OF GREATEK NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

991

992

993

994

995

996

997

998

999 

1000

1001

Location.

Miscellaneous On or near Fifth avenue 

Continued.

Between Fifth and Sixth avenues 

North line of 19th street. .......

South line of 19th street. ......

20th street, north of 991 .......

Platt street, southeast corner 

Williams.

Broadway, southeast corner 13th 

street.

Fifth avenue, southeast corner 

' 18th street.

East side, 200 feet north of corner of 20th street.

Northwest corner 14th street. . .

East side, about 50 feet north 

of 16th street.

Southeast corner 17th street . . .

Southwest corner 18th street. . .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

f -24. 4

-23.8 

-29. 2 

. -24.7

-21. 75 

-21.90 

-21.10

c -16. 25

-15.6 

-23. 9 

. -28.0

( -45. 25 

I -44.90

( -24.83 

| -20. 0 . 

[ -21. 83

-23.75

-20. 67 

-27. 50

. -29. 25

f -34.3 

I -33. 7

c -16.9

-18. 7

-11.1-

I -10.8

( -12.1 

-13. 4 

[ -15. 0

-16. 5

-13.3"

-20. 4

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

14

1"

18

| -26

6

14

} 8

22

28 

21

1 23

I

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss.

Do.

Do.

' Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do.
 HOBBS.] FOUNDATIONS FOE SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 71

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1002 

1003 

1004 

1005 

1006

1007 

1008

1009 

1010

1011 

1012 

1013 

1014

1015 

1016 

1017 

1018

1019 

1020 

1021 

1022

1023 

1024

Location.

Miscellaneous Foundations for school 

buildings. «

Wadsworth avenue 

Northeast corner 182d street. . . 

Southeast corner 183d street . . . 

182d street, 150 feet east of 1002. 

183d street, 150 feet east of 1003.

75 feet east and 92 feet north of 

1002.

West side Fulton avenue 

34 feet north of East 173d 

street.

214 feet north of East 173d 

street.

86 feet west of 1007 ...........

86 feet west of 1008 ...........

5 feet west of Anthony avenue 

18 feet north of Mount Hope 

avenue.

36 feet north of Mount Hope 

avenue.

56 feet north of Mount Hope 

' avenue.

75 feet north of Mount Hope 

avenue.

61 feet west of 1011 .............

19 feet north of 1015 ............

18 feet north of 1016 .............

20 feet north of 1017 ............

6 feet west of Trinity avenue 

18 feet north of 135th street. . . . 

105 feet north of 135th street. . . 

34 feet west of 1019. . ........... '.

34 feet west of 1020. .............

45 feet west of 177th street & 

63 feet south of Vyse avenue. . . 

150 feet south of Vvse avenue. .

Depth of boring to rock

As given.

- 8 

- 1.50

'T- .50

- 2.08 

-14

-13. 75 

-10. 75

-13. 25

-17 '

 -20. 83 

- 7.75 

-18. 50 

-17.33

-10. 83 

 8.41 

-10.25 

- 7.50

- 9.50 

-18.50 

 21. 16 

-14. 16

9.50 

1.83

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

........

Kind of rock, if known.

"Gneiss." 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

"Granite." 

Do.

Do.. 

Do.

'"Mica." 

Do. . - 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

"Granite." 

Do!

aSnyder, C. B. J., architect, department of education. Datum of Nos. 1002-1006 is point on curb of 

sidewalk directly opposite the boring; of 1007-1022, surface of ground; all others refer to highest 

point of curb of sidewalks adjoining site.

i Datum of Nos. 1023-102? is point on curb corner 177th street and Vyse avenue.
72 EOCK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1025 

1026 

1027

1028 

1029

1030 

1031

1032 

1033

1034

1035 

1036

1037 

1038 

1039

1040 

1041 

1042 

1043 

1044 

1045

1046 

1047

Location.

Miscellaneous Foundations for school 

buildings Continued.

45 feetwest of 177th street Con. 

270 feet south of Vyse avenue. . 

60 feet west of 1024 ...........

120 feet south of 1026 .........

Amethyst avenue « 

205 feet west of Morris Park 

avenue.

335 feet west of Morris Park 

avejjue.

69 feet north of 1028 ..........

69 feet north of 1029 ..........

100 feet east of Boston road & 

35 feet north of 166th street . . .

65 feet west and 102 feet north 

of 1032.

45 feet east and 160 feet north 

of 1032.

Jackson avenue 

35 feet north of 166th street . . . 

137 feet north of 166th street . . 

170th street c 

30 feet east of Third avenue . . . 

70 feet east of Third avenue . . .

75 feet south and 60 feet east 

of 1036.

1 70 feet south of 1036 ..........

165th street and Tinton avenue rf . . 

Union avenue ...................

107 feet north of 1041 ............

106 feet north of 1042. ...........

58 feet north and 130 feet east of 

1041.

163d street « 

34 feet west of Morris avenue . . 

175 feet west of Morris aven'ue .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

4.66 

5.08 

8.50

-12.25 

- 1.33

- 6.66 

- 3.75

.33 

- 2.25

10.58

-19. 25 

-15. 25

- 8.41 

3 

- 1.41

-23. 16 

-21.41 

-15. 50 

-17 

-16. 50 

-17.66

-12. 66 

-22. 50

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

........

Kind of rock, if known.

"Granite." 

Do. 

Do.

"Gneiss." 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do.

"Mica." 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

"Gneiss." 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

"Granite." 

Do.

a Datum of Nos. 1028-1031 is point on curb 375 feet west of Morris Park avenue. 

6 Datum of Nos. 1032-1036 is point on curb corner Boston road and Jacuson avenue. 

c Datura of Nos. 1037-1040 is point on curb corner Third avenue and 170th street. 

dDatum of Nos. 1041-1045 is point on curb corner Union avenue and 165th street. 

eDatum of Nos. 1046-1047 is point on euro corner Morris avenue and 163d street.
HOBBS.J FOUNDATIONS FOR SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 73

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OP MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1048

1049 

1050

1051 

1052

1052a 

1053

1054

1055

1056

1057

1058

1059

1060

1061

1062

1063

1064

1065 

..." 1066 

1 1067

Location.

Miscellaneous Foundations for school 

buildings Continued.

65 feet north and 1 foot west of 

1046.

136 feet west of 1048.............

145th street, 325 feet east of 

Broadway. a

475 feet east of Broadway ......

146th street, 325 feet east of 

Broadway.

475 feet east of Broadway'. .....

100 feet north and 75 feet east of 

1050.

119th street, 118 feet west of Second avenue. &

 270 feet west of Second avenue.

120th street, 110 feet west of Second avenue.

260 feet west of Second avenue.

101 feet north and 66 feet west of 

1054.

35 feet north of 116th street c 

450 feet east of Lenox avenue. .

600 feet east of Lenox avenue. .

117th street, 450 feet east of Lenox 

avenue.

600 feet east of Lenox avenue..

65 feet north and 75 feet east of 

1059.

82d street, 100 feet east of Second 

avenue. a

250 feet east of Second avenue. . 

56 feet north of 1064 ............

150 feet east of 1066. ............

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-13

 18. 33 

-23. 58

-28. 41 

-17

-17.16 

-29. 41

-15. 91

-27. 41

-25. 58

-18. 91

-17. 75

-29. 25

-28

-30. 66

-23. 91

-27. 50

-10. 25

- 9.50 

-10. 83 

- 6.08

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

86

81 

95

95 

80

2

-10

-11

- 4

0

 OQ 

_ 7

- 8

_ 2

- 6

45

46 

44 

49

Kind of rock, if known.

"Granite."

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.-

Do.

Do.

"Gneias."

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

a Datum'of Nos. .1050-1053 is'point on curb 475 feet east of Broadway on 146th street, 

b Datum of Nos. 1054-1058 is point on curb 270 feet west of Second avenue, 

c Datum of Nos. 1059-10(53 is point on 117th street curb 450 feet east of Lenox avenue. 

d Datum of Nos. 1064-1067 is point on 82d street curb 100 feet east of Second avenue.
74 ROCK FLOOR OP GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1068

1069

1070

1071

1072

1073 

1074 

1075 

1076

1077

1078 

1079 

1080 

1081

1082

1083

1084

1085

1086

1087

1088

Location.

Miscellaneous Foundations for school 

buildings Continued.

101st street « 

350 feet west of Amsterdam

avenue.

225 feet west of Amsterdam

avenue.

102d street200 feet west of Amsterdam

avenue.

350 feet west of Amsterdam

avenue.

100 feet north and 50 feet west of 

1069. ..

Avenue A and 77th street & . . ....

Avenue A and 78th street .......

138 feet east of 1073. ............

138 feet east of 1074.............

76th street105 feet east of Third avenue c .

205 feet east of Third avenue . . 

68 feet south of 1077.............

68 feet south of 1078.............

31 feet south and 50 feet east of 

1077.

66th street, 163 feet east of First 

avenue. d

313 feet east of First avenue . . .

67th street, 163 feet east of First 

avenue.

313 feet east of First avenue . . .

238 feet east of Second avenue and 

100 feet north of 66th street.

66th street « 

225 feet east of Amsterdam

avenue.

325 feet east of Amsterdam

avenue.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-33. 33

-18. 50

- 9.75

-24. 08

-21. 75 

- 5

- 4.91 

- 3.66

-18.83

-35. 83 

-34. 25 

-40. 58 

-36. 91

-12.. 58

-17. 16

- 8

-12. 75

-14

- 6. 91

- 8.66

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

66

80

91

76

77

26 

34 

26 

30

32

15

17 

10 

14

32

28

40

35

.45

56

54

Kind of rock, if known.

"Gneiss.''

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

"Granite." 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

"Granite."

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

"Gneiss."

Do.

a Datum of Nos. 1068-1072 is point on 102d street curb 350 feet west of Amsterdam avenue.

b Datum of Nos. 1073-1076 is point on curb corner Avenue A and 77th street.

a Datum of Nos. 1077-1081 is point on curb 105 feet east of Third avenue.

d Datum of Nos. 1082-1086 is point on 67th street curb 163 feet east of First avenue.

e Datum of Nos. 1087-1091 is point on 66th street curb 325 feet east of Amsterdam avenue.
HOBBS.] FOUNDATIONS FOB SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 75

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1089

1090

1091.

1092 

1093 

1094 

1095 

1096

1097

1098 

1099 

1100 

1101

1102

1103 

1104 

1105 

1106

1107-

1108

1109

1110

. Location.

Miscellaneous Foundations for school 

buildings Continued.

65th street 

225 feet east of Amsterdam

avenue.

325 feet east of Amsterdam

avenue.

100 feet south and 50 feet east of 

1087.

Tenth avenue, corner 58th street. « 

Corner 59th street ............

200 feet west of 1092 ............

200 feet west of 1093 ............

100 feet north and 100 feet west 

of 1092.

45th street, 225 feet east of Tenth 

avenue. &

325 feet east of Tenth avenue . . 

58 feet north of 1097 ............

58 feet north of 1098 ............

28 feet north and 50 feet east of 

1097.

20th street, 300 feet west of First 

avenue. c

496 feet west1 of First avenue. . . 

84 feet south of 1102 ............

84 feet south of 1103 ............

41 feet north of 19th street, 396 

feet west of First avenue.

15th street, 80 feet west of First 

avenue, d

16th street, 80 feet west of First 

avenue.

82 feet north and 43 feet west of 

1106.

67 feet south and 40 feet west of 

1107.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-19. 08

-25. 83

-13. 08

- 6.58 

- 3.16 

-27. 50 

- 9 

-16.41

- 3.66

- 2.75 

- 4.66 

- 8.08 

- 1.50

-16. 25

-13. 83 

-14. 08 

-12. 58 

-19. 75

 23. 25

-22

-22. 08

-26. 25

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

41

37

50

63 

70 

42 

64 

54

29

30 

28 

25 

31

_ I

2 

1 

2 

_ 2

- 2

- 4

- 1

- 7

Kind of rock, if known.

"Gneiss."

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

 Do. 

Do.

"Granite."

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

"Gneiss."

Do.

Do.

Do.

a Datum of Nos. 1092-1096 is point on curb corner opposite boring. b Datum of Nos. 1096-1101 is point on curb 275 feet east of Tenth avenue.

c Datum of Nos. 1102-1106 is point on 19th street curb 396 feet west of First avenue.

dDatuni of Nos. 1107-1110 is point on 15th street curb 80 feet west of First avenue.
76 BOOK FLOOR OF GEEATEE NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of-records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1111

1112 

1113

1114

1115

1116

111-7

1118

1119

1120 

1121

1122

1123

1124

1125

1126

1127

1128

1129

1130

Location.

Miscellaneous Foundations for school 

buildings Continued.

168th street, corner Audubon 

avenue. a

60 feet west of 1111 .............

169th street, corner Audubon 

avenue.

60 feet west of 1113 .............

Near Amsterdam avenue &^-

300 feet west on 108th street. . .

500 feet west on 108th street. . .

300 feet west on 109th street. . .

500 feet west on 109th street. . .

100 feet west and 100 feet north 

of 1115.

Miscellaneous Approach to East River 

bridge No. 9. c

Tompkins street 

Corner Delancev (D) ..........

90 feet south of south line Delancey street (H).

Delancey street, southeast corner Mangin (C).

Center line of bridge 

70 feet west of west line of 

Mangin street (A).

West line of Cannon street (B) .

West line of Columbia street ( C )

West line of Sheriff street (H) .

West line of Willett street (E-I)

West line of Pitt street (G) . . . .

Miscellaneous Records not classified.

Near Trinity Church, Broadway, 

facing Wall street.^

Washington street, between Fulton and Vesey.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-11

-20. 08 

-12. 58

-12. 58

-21. 66

-12. 66

- 5. 75

 5.91

- 7.91

-69.5 

-95.1

-70.8

-61.16

-56. 25

-62. 66

-51. 58

-51. 50

-56. 08

-26

-70

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

a

86

95

102

102

100

- 67 

- 93

- 68

- 59

 54

60

49

49

54

11

- 60

Kind of rock, if known.

"Gneiss."

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

 Do.

Supposed to have 

reached rock.

a Datum of Nos. 1111-1115 is point on curb corner Audubon avenue and 169th street.

bDatum of Nos. 1116-1120 is point on 109th street curb 300 feet west of Amsterdam avenue.

c La Chicotte, H. A., chief engineer. Datum, mean high water.

d Nos. 1129-1144, I.C.Russell, Annals New York Acad.Sci., vol.2,1882, pp.66-77.
HOBBS.I EECOEDS NOT CLASSIFIED. 77

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1131 

1132 

1133

1134

1135

1136

1137

1138

1139

1140

1141 

1142 

1143 

1144 

1145

1146

1147 

1148 

1149

1150 

1151

1152

1153

1154

Location.

Miscellaneous Records not classified 

Continued.

Bleecker street, corner Broadway.

( * T7ar»tnT*v PATHPT T*PT*rv J '

16th street, near the Hudson ....

26th street and Tenth avenue ....

U. S. Hotel, corner Fulton and 

Water streets.

Between Ferry, Cliff, Frankfort, 

and Pearl."

118 Elm street, between Canal 

and Howard.

Cherry street, Corlears Hook....

Foot of Jefferson street, East 

River.

Houston street, corner Lewis ....

Avenue D and Houston street. . . . 

Avenue D and 5th ..............

Avenue D and 7th ..............'

Avenue D and 10th .............

WashingtonMarket, North River, 

between Fulton and Vesey 

streets. °

St. Francis Hospital, 5th street, 

between B and C avenues.

Purington and Columbia streets.. 

Alien and Hester streets ........

Tombs, Franklin and Center 

streets.

Grand and Wooster streets ......

Perry and West 1.1th streets . . . . :

Manhattan Life building, 66 

Broadway, between Exchange 

place and Wall street.

Standard Oil building, 26 Broadway.

American Surety building, 100 

Broadway. c

Depth of boring to rock

As given.

- 42 

 70

- 20

- 79

-126

 92.5

-130

- 80

- 50

- 94

- 93 

-109 

-100 

-100 

- 70

-100

- 60 

- 67 

-155

- 72 

- 63

- 42.96

- 44

- 71

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

_ 4. 

 44 

5

- 66

-118

- 90

-117

- 63

- 42

- 85

- 86 

- 98 

- 89 

- 90 

- 60

- 80

- 46 

- 28 

-139

- 60 

- 38

- 8

- 19

- 35

Kind of rock, if known.

Well 406 feet deep.

No rock.

Gneiss.

Do.

No rock.

Do.

a Datum is mean high water.

bNos. 1145-1156, L. P. Gratacap, Geol.

o Depth is below curb.

City of New York, pp. 10-12.
78 BOOK FLOOE OF GKEATEK NEW YOKE. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1155

1156

1157 

1158

1159

1160 

1161

1162

1163

1164

1165 

1166

1167

1168 

1169 

1170 

1171

Location.

Miscellaneous Records not classified 

Continued.

Empire building, 71 Broadway «. .

Washington Life building, 141 

Broadway. «

City reservoir, corner Third avenue and 13th street. &

7th and Lewis streets ^ ..........

West 39th street c 

150 feet east of Tenth avenue a .

New Mutual Life building 

16 Liberty street, on street line . 

39 Cedar street, on street line

Broad-Exchange d 

Exchange place and Broad 

street, southeast corner. «

Wall street, Exchange building** 

North side Exchange place, 

between William and Broad

streets. «

Battery place building d 

Battery place, between West 

and Washington streets. a

James Everhardt's brewery, 

south side 133d street, 200 feet 

east of Fifth avenue (well). e

Fourth avenue and 50th street 

(surface)./

Morris Park, north west corner!/..

125th street and Madison avenue. 

Lenox and 160th streets .........

116th street and East River. .....

112th street and First avenue ....

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 54

- 75- "

- 15

- 93 

- 18.9"

 - 17. 5 17

. 15.3

.-« 1

- 47.6H6 

I- 48. 8j

-^41.1,

- 43.6 

-46>

- 42. 3J

C 35 I43

- 98

- 40

-125

-^ 60 

- 45 

- 55

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 19

- 40

22 

- 83

19

- 61

 41

- 31

- 26

- 41

- 80 

57

- 14

-121 

- 60

- 45 

- 46

Kind of rock, if known.

*

No rock.

Do.

Gneiss.

Do.

Do.

Rock or bowlder. 

Gneiss.

Do.

a Depth is below curb.

ftMather, Wm. M., Geol. New York, pp. 605-625.

cMaynicke, Robt., architect. Curb datum.

dPurdy.C.T., consulting engineer, Geo. A. Fuller Construction Company.

e Communicated at brewery.

/Waller,Elwyn, chemist.

s. 1167-1176, Washington, Wm. De H.
HOBBS.] EECOEDS NOT CLASSIFIED. 79

Summary of records of borings made in Neio York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

num. 

ber.

1172

1173 

1174

1175 

1176

1177

1178

1179

1180

1181

1182

1183

1184

1185

1186

1187 

1188

1189

Location.

Miscellaneous Records not classified 

Continued.

79th street and Columbus avenue.

East Houston and Attorney streets . 

Third avenue and 21st street. ....

Third avenue and 9th street , ...

Eleventh avenue and 27th street .

Park avenue, northeast corner 

51st street."

60 feet east of Park avenue between 50th and 51st streets.

50 feet west of Second avenue and 

40 feet north of 92d street. «

Block 38th to 39th streets, east of 

First avenue, <* about 60 feet 

west of bulkhead line 

50 feet north of 38th street produced.

50 feet south of 39th street produced.

About 205 feet west of bulkhead 

line, north side 38th street.

About 225 feet west of bulkhead 

line, and 7 feet south of 39th 

street.

First avenue 

39th street, southeast corner. . .

38th street, northeast corner. . .

Midway between 1184 and 1185..

Block 39th to 40th streets, east of 

First avenue, about 30 feet 

west of East Elver 

6 feet south of 40th street. .....

99 feet south of 40th street....

About 6 feet north of 39th street.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-17

-60 

-11 to -17 

-35 

-60

( & )'

( & )

( & ).

-69.4

-64.4

-12. 33

- 5

- 9.66

-2.25

- 7.16

-44. 98 

-48. 10

-46. 21

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

69

-36 

 11 

- 4 

-50

56

56

28

-66

-61

- 9

- 2

7

- 1

4

-42 

-45

-43

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss.

Do:

Kock.

 .

"Sclmefer, F. and M., Brewing Company.

bNos. 1177-1179, street level referred to U. S. datum. " .

cEhret, George, Brewing Company. Depth of well, 700 feet; at near 300 feet encountered limestone, 

also a little quartz.

rfLieb, J. W., asst.genl.mgr. New York Edison Co. water-side power station, Nos. 1180-1186: Records 

include some 50 borings, covering the area of the block and eastward to the bulkhead line at about 

50-foot intervals in either direction. New water-side power station, Nos. 1187-1193: Borings made 

every 25 feet in either direction within area.
80 BOOK FLOOE OF GEEATEE NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1190

1191

1192 

1193 

1194

1195

1196

1197 

1198

1199

1200 

1201 

1202 

1203 

1204

1205

1206

. 1207

Location.

Miscellaneous Records not classifiedContinued.

6 feet south of 40th street and 

about 212 feet east of First

avenue.

6 feet north of 39th street and 

206 feet east of First avenue.

31 feet east of First avenue 

6 feet north of 39th street.

6 feet south of 40th street. .....

Grand Union Hotel, 42d street 

and Park avenue, near curb of 

well «

Waldorf-AstoriaHotel, 35th street 

and Fifth avenue, near curb of 

well. a

50th street near Tenth avenue 6 

Columbia College, at curb .....

Cushman's bakery, at curb

Block 95th to 96th streets, east of 

First avenue. "

Eiverside drive viaduct, 96th 

street. d

NewYorktower, Brooklyn bridge e 

Liberty and Nassau streets/.

128th street and Tenth avenues'. . 

129 East 61st street A ............

Fifth avenue between 73d and 

74th streets. h

Fifth avenue and 116th street *. . .

Park avenue and 130th street *. . .

Fulton Market, corner South and 

Fulton streets. J

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

0.69

 1.42

- 16.35 

- 19.14

-125

 90 to -100

- 75 

- 90 

-135 

- 14.5 

- 15

- 6

- 5

-130

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 2

- 1

13 

16 

50

62

40

40 

-113

- 72

- 73 

- 60 

-104 

35 

53

15

11

-126

Kind of rock, if 

known.

"Micaceous 

gneiss."

"Gray gneiss 

and mica."

Do.

No rock.

Do. 

Eock.

Gneiss.

Do.

Eock.

aConlan, P. H. and J., artesian wells, Ann. Kept. State Geol. New Jersey, 1901, p. 120. Depth of 

(1194) well 420 feet. Rock as elsewhere, gneiss. Depth of (1195) well, 650 feet. " Rock as elsewhere 

on Manhattan Island."

/> Idem., 1896, p. 185.

clnterurban Street Railway Company.

a Boiler, Alf. P.

« Report chief engineer, Brooklyn Bridge.

/Darton, N. H., U. S. Geol. Survey.

ffStotthoff Bros., Flemington, N. J. Surface datum.

ABunn & Nase, architects, 1123 Broadway.

i Hickey, J., 83,110th street.

,/Nos. 1207-1225, Graether, L. F., Atlas of building laws of United States, vol. 1,1898, pi. 2.
HOBBS.] RECORDS WOT CLASSIFIED. 81

Summary of records of borings made in New York and-vicinity Continued. 

2. BOEINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN-Continued.

Serial 

number.

1208

1209

1210

1211

1213 

1214

1215

1216

J217

1218

1219

1220

1221

1222

1223 

1224

1225

1226

1227

1228

1229

1230

Location.

Miscellaneous Records not classified 

 Continued.

Holt's well, near Fulton Market 

(130 feet deep)..

Perry and 4th streets (well at 

corner).

Ehret's brewery, corner Second 

avenue and 92d street.

Well, near Broadway and 13th 

street (113 feet deep), 

City Hall Park, well ............

Manhattan well, Duane street, 

near Center street.

Tenth avenue and 14th street. . . .

Seventh avenue and 16th street. .

Ninth avenue and 16th street 

(120 feet deep).

Eleventh avenue and 19th street.

Eleventh avenue and 20th street.

Fifth avenue and 23d to 24th 

streets (well 2,103 feet deep).

Lenox avenue and 110th street. . .

Lenox avenue and 116th street. . .

Speedway « 

West 172d street.... ...'.......

West 173d street (32.5 feet into 

rock).

West 174thstreet (56.8 feetinto 

rock).

Harlem River power house, Ninth 

avenue and 218th street. °

103d street, near First avenue 

(well).'

104th street, east of Fourth' avenue (well).^

105th street and East River 

(well)/'

Power station, First avenue, 95th 

to 96th streets. «

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-126

- 70'

0

- 15

- 90 

- 30

- 40

.- 20

- 20

-190

-170 .

0

- 50

- '40

- 88.5 

- 52

- 53

-116

- 40

- 40

- 40

-125

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 40

28

28

- 5

- 30

8

- 4

. -181

-160

40

- 25

- 19

-113

- 30

 25

- 34

-115

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock.

Do.

Gneiss.

Eock.

Do. 

No rock

Rock.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Gneiss.

Do.

Rock or bowlder.

No rock.

Do.

Do.

Rock.

aNos. 1207-1225, Graether, L. F., Atlas of building laws.of United States, vol. 1,1898, pi. 2. No. 1223, 

decomposed gneiss; margin with overlying gravel not sharp; 159.2 feet to hard rock. 

ftStarratt, M. G., chief engineer, New York City Railway Company, 

cMiller, David, owner. "Rock not sounded." 

dHenry, M. C., Company. " Rock not sounded." 

c Engineering Record, vol. 40,1899, p. 690. Other borings to 80 feet did not reach rock.

Bull. 270 05 6
82 BOOK FLOOK OF GBEATEE NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

2. BORINGS IN THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Continued.

Serial 

number.

1231

1232

1233

1234 .

' 1235 

1236

1237

1238

1239

1240

1241 

1242

1243

1244 

1245

1246 

1247

Location.

Miscellaneous Records not classified 

Continued.

125th street, 300 feet east of 

Eighth avenue. '«

St. Nicholas avenue 

125th street, northwest corner «.

126th street, southwest corner «.

409 West 14th street (well) & ....

Hunters Point, near Long Island depot.

Quarantine station, Hoffman Island.

East 13th street, between Third 

and Fourth avenues'.

Third avenue and 14th street 

(well) .

Cornell iron foundry, 25th street 

between Tenth and Eleventh

avenues. c

55th street and Fifth avenue, 

Tidewater Bldg. Co.

Another boring. ..............

21 and 23 West 22d street, F. H. 

Leggett. '

28-32 West 22cl street, Thompson-Starret Co.

Allaire's well, foot of Cherry 

street, near Corlear.^

Nagle avenue 6 . .................

59th street and West End avenue, 

northeast corner/ 

100 feet north of corner ....... > 

100 feet east of corner. ..:...../

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 50

- 10

. 0

- 20

- 69 

-450

- 19

-15

- 63

- 12.5

- 5.16

 . 7

- 16.3'

 -76to-80 

- 35to-55

- 35

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

-24

20

33

- 7

-59

16

22

-52

48

55

45

22

-61to-65

Kind of rock, if 

known.

No rock.

Do.

Gneiss.

Kock.

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do.'

«Ford, I. H., artesian wells; surface datum. " Rock not sounded."

&Nos. 1234-1238, Veatch, A. C., U. S. Geol. Survey.

c Phillips & Worthington. Record of-well 1239: 0-10 feet, filling; 10-12, sand and gravel; 12-15, fine 

brown sand; 15-18, fine black sand; 18-24, mud: 24-27, medium sand; 27-43, medium brown sand; 43- 

47, coarse sand and gravel; 47-58, medium sand; 58-63, coarse sand to rock. Record of well 1240: 0-10£ 

feet, loam; 10i-12i, sand and gravel; 12J-14, disintegrated rock derived from schists and gneisses. 

Record of well 1241: 0-5 feet, loam mixture; 5-10£, soft light-colored rock; 10J-12, black soft rock. 

Record of well 1242: 0-1 foot, loam; 1-3 feet, clay; 3-5, medium sand; 5-7, gravel and clay mixture; 

7-9, disintegrated rock. (Pennsylvania Railroad tests show rock in this block to be at from 5 to 41 

feet). Record of well 1243: 0-7J feet, filling; 7i-12, fine dark sand; 12-12£, sand and muck mixture; 

12KL6i, gravel and mica to rock.

dHale, M., Spring water vs. river water for supplying the city of New York, 1835, p. 15. (Astor 

library.)

eKlapp, Eugene, division engineer, rapid transit commission. From Dyckman street north 1,000 

feet, piles were driven to a depth of 35 to 45 feet, and in one instance to 55 feet.

/Claussen & Price Brewing Company. Wells 1246 and 1247, 625 feet deep to ' limestone " (doubtless 

serpentine filled with calcite).
HOHHS.] BOEOUGH OF BEOOKLYN. 83

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued. 

3. BORINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW YORK.

Serial 

number.

1248 

1249 

1250 

1251 

1252 

1253 

1254 

1255

1256 

1257 

1258

1259 

1.260

1261 

1262

1263 

1264 

1265

Location.

Borouyh of Brooklyn.a

Artesian well, Calvary cemetery?*. 

Brooklyn Navy-Yard c ..... .....

East line of Furman street ^ .....

 "Hicks street" ..... ............

Borough hall ...................

Fulton street, corner Bond street.

Keep street and Kent avenue e . . .

Forrest street and Evergreen avenue./

Lewis avenue and Pnlaski street </. 

68-84 Meserole street h ..........

100 feet west of Bremen street 

and 300 feet north of Noll 

street. *

200 feet east of Brunswick avenue 

and 290 feet south of 1258.

100 feet east and 90 feet north'of 

1259.

Bridge street, corner Plymouth 3 .

Hamilton avenue and Conover 

street. ^

Meserole, Humboldt, and Schole 

streets. l

Metropolitan avenue, 125 feet east 

of Weithe avenue."*

New Lots road and Fountain ave- 

 nue. w

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-182 

- 93

- 71 

- 87.8 

- 58.4 

- 35 

- 65 

-275

-105 

- 35 to -45 

- 70

- 65

- 65

- 50 

60

- 90 

- 60

- 78

Referred to U. S. 

datum, Sandy 

Hook.

-130 to -140

- 63 

- 31 . 

2

5

- 85

Kind of rock, 

if known.

Gneiss. 

Do. 

No rock. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

a See Crosby, W. 0., Teclin. Quart., vol. 13,1900, p. 117, for records of many other borings upon Long 

Island.

''Lewis, Elias, quoted by F. J. H. Merrill, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 3,1885, p. 346. Surface 

datum. Elevation of ground taken from topographic sheet of New York City.

« Superintendent of navy-yard.

rfNos. 1250-1253, rapid transit commission. Surface datum.

e Chrome Steel Works, well 65 feet deep, 27 feet from Keep street curb line and 70 feet from Kent 

avenue curb line.

/S. Liebiimn's Sons Brewing Company. Record of well 1255: 1-23 feet, loam and bowlders; 23-105 

feet, yellow gravel and sand; 105-275 feet, blue clay.

a H. B. Scharman & Sons, brewers. Three wells through sand.

/(Burger Brewing Company. Wells through sand.

' Obermeyer & Liebman, brewers. Three wells, 1258-1260, through sand.

jHoward & Fuller Brewing Company. Well through coarse sand.

fclndia Wharf Brewing Company wells.

l Congress Brewing Company. Three wells through clay, sand, and hardpan. . wStreeter & Dennison well.

"New Lots pumping station (formerly Long Island Water Supply Company); 11 6-inch wells.
84 ROCK FLOOE OF GREATER NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity^-

8. BOtdNGg IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS ANb IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

number.

1206

1267

1268

1269 

"1270

1271 

1272

1273 

1274

1275

1276

1277

1278- 

1279

1280

1281

1282

Location.

Bordtlgh of Brooklyn Continued;

50 feet east of Bushwick ave'iiue,

 between Meserole and Schole 

streets."**

70 feet north of Meserole street,

between Bushwick avenue and 

Waterbury street.

Foot of 34th street &.............

Meeker and Kingsland avenue 0 . .

mouth, John, and Jay streets^. 

Astoria, end of Ditrnan street e . . . 

Nassau Gas Light Company,

Williainsburg./ 

Brooklyn bridge 0 

Anchorage 930-1,060 feet from 

river..

Tower, Brooklyn end .........

Arch street h . ...................

Beech street ....................

Crane street ....................

Nott avenue, halfway between 

Crane and Davis streets.

Davis street. . . . .................

Pierson street . .^ ...............

Anable avenue. .................

Court street ....................

Depth of borii

As ghfeil.

- 93

-115

-215

-215

- 97

100 

-102. 5

-145

- 88

f - 4b 1 »8

1 - 36J

( - 15-1 \ ?18

1 21)

( - 421 \ f39

1 - 36J

- 59

( 42v { Ue 1--51J

 11

< 2) \ \ 2

I - I/

i ~ 34u7

1 - 21)

\g to rock.

Referred 

to U. S, 

dtttutn, 

Sandy 

Hook.

-205

-175

- 98

-143 

- 86

- 36

- 16

- 37

- 57 

 44

 9

 o

OK

Kind of rock, if known.

Do.

"Trap."

Rock or bowlder. 

Mica schist.

Rock or bowlder.

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

a Eastern Brewing Company wells. No. 1267 in sand and clay exclusively.

^Gregory, Elisha, per A. C. Veatch. Record of well 1268: 0-212 feet, sand and clay; 215-1,500 feet 

hard rock.

cA. C. Veatch. . '

d.Stewart, H. S., Pittsburg, Pa. Well 800 feet deep.

eNew York Connecting Railroad Company, A. P. Boiler, president and chief engineer. Line of 

projected Hell Gate railroad bridge (mean high water).

/Crosby, W. O., Outline of the geology of Long Island, Techn. Quart., vol. 13, 1900, p. 117.

oRussell, I. C., Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 2,1882, p. 73. Bowlders of "gneiss, trap, etc." 

Tide datum.

s. 1276-1282, wash borings. :
BOBOtJGH OF BROOKLYN. 85

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BOEINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

number.

1283

1284

1285

1286

1287

1288

1289

1290

1291

1292

1293

1294

1295

1296

1297

1298

Location.

Borough of Brooklyn Continued.

Hunters Point avenue ...........

Fourth street ....................

Van Alst avenue, southeast corner 3d street.

3d street 150 feet east of east line 

of East avenue.

East avenue 100 feet south of 

south line of 3d street.

Borden avenue 

200 feet west of west line of 

East avenue.

Southeast corner of Vernon

avenue. ,

Southwest corner of Vernon 

avenue.

Halfway between West and 

Vernon avenues.

West side of Vernon avenue, 100 

feet north of Flushing street.

West avenue, 200 feet north of 

north line of Flushing street.

250 feet east of Front street, 150 

feet south of Borden.

Front street, between Borden and 

Flushing.

Pierhead line, foot of Flushing 

street.

Slip on line of 1st street extended, 

shore end.

Slip on line of 1st street, bulkhead, line.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

'- 18

- 34

- 21

- 24 

- 29 

- 26.

- 35

C 2 '

 

I- 19

/- 341 

1- 15J

~

- 20 

- 42

- 17.

- 561 

- 34

- 42,

j 44] 

I- 46.

t- 25] 

1 40J

f- 46] 

1- 49J

26

26

' 6

2

22

6

[31

 24

8

18

26

 44'

[45

 32

[47

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 24

- 24

- 33

- 4

0

- 20

- 4

- 29

 22

- 6

-'16

- 24

- 42

- 43

- 30

-.45

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. .

.Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

aNos. 1283-1305, core borings.
86 EOCK FLOOE OF GEEATEE NEW' YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BORINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEA li NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

number.

1299 

1300

1301 

1302

1303

1304 

1305

1306

1307

1308 

1309 

1310

1311 

1312

1313

Location.

Borough of Brooklyn Continued.

Pier at foot of Pidgeon street 

Dock ........................

End of pier. ............ 1 .....

Pier at foot of Flushing street 

Dock ........................

End of pier. ..................

475 feet west of Vernon avenue 

Between 1st street and Flushing, street.

175 feet east of 1303 .............

4th street, 100 feet east of Vernon 

avenue. a

Borough of Queens Right of way, Pennsylvania Railroad.^

Near bulkhead, Long Island City 

200 feet west of line ...........

325 feet west of line ...........

600 feet west of line ...........

750 feet west of line. . .........

1,100 feet west of line .........

Borough of Queens Miscellaneous, e

Long Island Railroad depot, 

Hunters Point.

East River Gas Company, Vernon 

avenue.

Astoria. Silk Works, Steinway 

avenue.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 19 

- 54

- 26

- 37

 33i 

} 24 

- 15/

12 

- 10

- 68' 

. - 63 58 

- 43.

(- 82i 

1 } 82 

1- 83)

 95ilioo

-106) 

|-118p5

f-lOOi 

\ } 91 I- 83)

- 69

- 79.^5

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 17 

- 52

- 24 

- 35

- 22 

14

- 56

- 80

- 98 

-113 

- 89

_ 59 

20

20

Kind of rock, if known.

Gneiss. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do.

.

' Rock or bowlder.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Rock.

a Surf ace datum.

b Noble, A., and Jacobs, C. M., chief engineers, Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island Railroad 

Company; wash borings.

c Veatch, A. C., U. S. Geol. Survey. Well 1312, 100 feet deep,.through rock from near surface. In 

well 1313 on drilling 32 feet through rock quicksand was encountered. Wells 3314-1317, 70-80 feet 

sand, then clay and limestone; 375 feet, 300 feet, 450 feet, and 490 feet deep, respectively.
HOBBS.] BOROUGH OF THE BRONX. 87

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BORINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued. .

Serial 

number.

1314

1315 

1316 

1317

1318

1319

1320 

1321

1322

1323 

1324

1325 

1326

1327

1328 

1329

1330

Location.

Borough of Queens Miscellaneous Cont'd.

Fleishman Manufacturing Company wells, between Howard 

and Spring streets 

Between Review street and 

L. I. R. R. (a).

(b)..... .....................

( c \

Between L. I. R. R. and Newtown Creek. (d)

Borough of the Bronx Section along line 

of rapid transit on Westchestcr avenue 

and Southern boulevard. > < 

Brook avenue to about 100 feet 

southwest of Caldwell avenue.

Caldwell avenue to 100 feet northeast of Bobbins avenue. ..

From Wales avenue northeast 

300 feet.

From 1321 to point 50 feet east of 

"Beach avenue.

From 1322 to point 50 feet north- 

- east of Unioii avenue.

From. 1323 to point 120 feet southwest of Longwood avenue.

From 1324 to Longwood avenue. .

Longwood avenue to point 225 

feet northeast.

From 1326 about 150 feet northeast.

From 1327 to Intervale avenue. . .

From 1328 about" 80 feet northeast. .

From 1329 to Kellv street .......

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-124

-124 

 124 

-124

-7 to -12

Oto 4

-9 to 11 

-1 to - 9

 5 to 8

-3 to -10

-7 to -10

 7 to 9 

 9 to 10

-3 to -10

 5 to 7 

-7 to - 8

-6 to 9

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

-114

-114 

-114 

-114

23 to 41

27 to 41

45 to 51

56 to 59

56 to 61

24 to 25

Kind of rock, if known.

.Limestone.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

No rock.

Bock.

No rock. 

Rock.

No rock.

Rock. 

No rock.

Bock. 

No rock.

Rock.

No rock. 

Rock.

No rock.

ciKlupp, Eugene, division engineer, rapid transit commission. Bottoms of even-numbered borings, where rock was not sounded, are stated to be as follows: 1318 and 1320, sand or mainly sand; 

1322,1330,1332,1334, 13'10, 1346, and 1352, sandy clay; 1324 and 1326, sand, gravel, and clay; 1328, 1342, 

and 1344, clay or mainly clay; 1338, sand and gravel; 1344, east of 172d street, largely sand and gravel; 

1348, sandy clay and sandy loam; 1350, west of 177th street, clay bottom, east of 177th street, sand, 

gravel, and clay. In certain odd-numbered borings, where rock was encountered, the record reads 

as follows: 1323, rock, except for about 40 feet west of Union avenue; 1339, rock, having steep slope 

near Freeman street; 1349, at "about 100 feet northeast of East 176th street is a deep V-shaped depression in rock surface, with quicksand in bottom."
.88 EOCK FLOOE OF GEEATEE NEW YOEK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BORINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

 number.

1331 

1332 

1333 

1334 

1335 

1336 

1337

1338 

1339

1340 

1341 

1342

1343 

1344

1345 

1346 

1347

1348 

1349 

1350

1351 

1352

Location.

Borough of the Bronx Section along line 

of rapid tvansit on Westchester avenue 

and Southern boulevard Continued.

From 1330. about 50 feet northeast.

From 1331 about 160 feet northeast.

From 1332 to about 40 feet norths 

east of Barretto street.

From 1333 to about 100 feet southwest of East 167th street.

From 1334 to a little north of East 

167th street.

From 1335 to about 120 feet farther north.

From 1336 to about 200 feet north 

of Home street.

From 1337 north 150 feet. .......

From 1338 to about 40 feet south 

; of Freeman street.

From 1339 northeast 450 feet .... 

From 1340 northeast 225 feet ....

From 1341 to point 25 feet northeast of Jennings street.

From 1342 northeast 200 feet ....

From 1343 to point 100 feet northeast of East 173d street.

From 1344 northeast 200 feet .... 

From 1345 northeast 275 feet ....

From 1346 to point 50 feet northeast of East 174th street.

From 1347 to near 176th street. . . 

From 1348 northeast 725 feet ....

From 1349 to about 60 feet southwest of East 178th street.

From 1350 to about 25 feet northeast of East 180th street.

From 1351 to East 181st street . . .

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 7 to - 8 

- 5 to - 8 

- 2 to - 4 

- 4 to 10 

 5 to- 9 

- 7 to - 9 

- 2 to - 8

- 8 

- 8 to -15

-10 to -15 

- 7 to -10 

 8 to 9

 6 to 8 

~ 8 to -10

- 8 

- 7 to - 9 

- 6 to - 8

 6 to 9 

- 3 to -12 

- 8 to -13

- 1 to - 5 

 6 to -10

Referred 

to U.S. 

datum, Sandy 

hook.

33

43 to .58

53 to 56

50 to 60

32 to 43

40 to 43

43 to 46

60 to 63

64 to 67

40 to 66

26 to 33

Kind of rock, if known.

Eock. 

No rock. 

Eock. 

No rock. 

. Eock. 

No rock. 

Eock.

No rock, 

Eock.

No rock. 

Eock. 

No rock.

Eock. 

No rock.

Eock. 

No rock. 

Eock.

No rock. 

Eock. 

No rock

Eock. 

No rock.
HOBBS.] BOROUGH OF THE BRONX. 89

Summary of records of borings in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BORINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

number.

1353

1354 

1355

1356

1357 

1358"

1359

1360

1361

1362 

1363

1364

1365 

1366 

1367

1368 

1369

Location.

Borough of the Bronx Miscellaneous, a

North side 158th street, between 

St. Ann's avenue and German 

place.

East side Brook avenue 100 feet 

south of Third avenue.

West side of St. Ann's a venue 300 

feet from Third avenue.

Hoboken, waterfront. 

South end of Grand street &......

Pier at foot of c 

1st street .................i...

2d street, shore end ...........

Pier between 

2d and 3d streets, at pierhead. . 

Dock at foot of 3d street. ......

River street and 3d street. .....

Pier at foot of 4th street. ......

South east cornerHudson square 

Northeast corner Hudson square

Dock at foot of 5th street. .......

Hoboken shore road, between 

6th and 7th streets.

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 30 .

Near surface.

- 60

-134 

-136

f - 46 . 

1 - 59

1-43 

1 - 49 

-141

r -41 

1 - 41 

-136 

 142 

- 12

[ - 26 

- 41 

- 18 

- 17 

r - 52.0 

- 43.0 

L - 40. 3 

' - 8

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 40

 132 

 134

- 47

-139

( - 39

-134. 

-140

- 12

- 39 

- 16

 15

- 42 

- 6

Kind of rock, if known.

Rock not sounded.

Limestone. 

Hock not sounded.

Rock or bowlder. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

a A Hupfel's Sons Brewing Company. No. 1354, well 1,600 feet deep; rock near surface.

6 Russell, I. C., Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 69. Datum assumed at 6 feet above mean 

tide. No. 1356 in marsh at corner Hoboken avenue and Grand street.

- e Nos. 1357-1397, wash borings by Hoboken Land and Improvement Company. Datum, mean high. 

water.
90 BOOK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. [BULL. 270.

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BORINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

number.

1370

1371

1372

1373

'1374 

1375 

1376

1377 

1378

1379 

1380

1381 

1382

1383

1384 

1385

Location.

Hoboken, waterfront Continued.

Dock at foot of 7th street .........

Pier at foot of 8th street ( extended )

Dock at foot of 8th street ........

Pier between 10th and llth streets. 

Pier at foot of llth street ........

End of present dock ..........

Pier north of llth street end. ....

Between 12th and 13th streets 

Dock line ....................

Between dock line and shore . .

Shore line ....................

Between 13th and 14th streets 

Dock line ....................

Shore line ....................

Pier between 14th and 15th 

streets, dock line.

Between 14th and 15th streets, 

about 300 feet east of east line 

of Hudson street (produced).

Streets produced 

Dock line and 15th ...........

Dock line and 16th ...........

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 19 

f - 73.8

- 70.0 

[ - 72.0

,-41

-45 

1 - 22 

1 - 33

f - 38.4 

I -25.0

- 75 

- 34 

- 95

- 79 

f - 43 

I . - 37

c - 20

- 22 

I - 27 

1 - 32

f - 77 

1-81

c - 28 

1-33

. - 58

- 35

r - 55 

1-61

c 70

1

I -103

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

-17

-68

-34

-36 

-23 

-73 

-32 

-93

-77 

| -38

-23

} -28 

-56

 33

j- -56

Kind of rock, if known.

Eock or bowlder.

Do.

Do.

} Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

. Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do.
HOBBS,] HOBOKEN. 91

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BOEINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

number.

1386

1387 

1388

1389

1390

1391 

1392 

1393 

1394

1395 

1396

1397

1398 

1399 

1400

1401

Location.

Hoboken, ivatcr front Continued'.

Streets produced Continued. 

17th and River ...............

17th and Hudson .............

17th and Washington .........

17th and Bloomfield ..........

17th and Garden .............

15th and Hudson boulevard . . . 

15th' and Bloomfield ..........

. 15th and Hudson .............

Washington street, between 

15th and 16th. .

16th and Bloomfield ..........

16th and Washington .........

16th and Hudson ......

Hoboken Miscellaneous.

15th and Jefferson streets a .... 

13th and Clinton streets. ......

Jefferson and Madison, between 

8th and 9th streets. , Monroe and 9th streets. .......

Depth of boring to rock

As given.

r -53 -

-48 

[ -47 

( -46 

I -40 

( -32 

I -35 

( -33 

-34 

1 -52 

-44 

-38 

-49 

-15 

- 6.5 

-21 

( 25 

I -24 

f -36 

1 -45 

/ -42 

I -43 

' 25 

-34 

-30 

> -31

-86 

-64 

-40

-40

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

1-

-36

-37

h

-13

_ 4.

-19 

-22

j- -38

} -41

-30

-76 

-54 

-35

-35

Kind of rock, if known.

Kock or bowlder. 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do. 

Do. 

Do.

Do.

Sandstone. 

Do. 

Do.

Do.

« Nos. 1393-1401 by New York and New Jersey Well Co.; surface datum. Record of wells: No. 1398 

black mud 16 feet, bowlders 24, sand 40, gravel C; No. 1399 black mud 1C feet, loam 30, sand 10, 

gravel 8; Nos. 1<IOO and 1401 black muck 12 feet, soft soil 20, rest sand with streak of gravel over top 

of white and red sandstone.
92 BOOK FLOOR OF GREATER NEW YORK. (BULL. 2/6.

Summary of records of borings in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BORINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

number.

1402

1403

1404

1405

1406

1407

1408 

1409 

1410

1411

1412

1413 

1414 

1415

1416

Location.

Hoboken Miscellaneous Continued.

Bavarian glass works fl 

Clinton street, between. 10th 

. and llth.

Jersey. City.

Hudson street, between Morris 

and Essex. &

Grove street between 7th and 8th.

Mathiesen & Wiecher sugar factory 

Foot of Washington street, 

south side Morris Canal, c

Marsh, corner of Montgomery 

and Henderson streets. a

9th street, between Grove and 

Henderson.

Pavonia Ferry 

2,300 feet east of 1416 .........

2,850 feet east of 1416 .........

. 3,300 feet east of 1416 .........

Harsimus Cove 

1, 450 feeteastof Green street, on 

a line halfway between 2d 

and 3d streets (produced).

Foot of Bartholdi avenue, 50 feet 

from street e 

30 feet east of 1412 ............

100 feet south of 1412 .........

Pavonia avenue and Henderson

street. /

Ninth .and Henderson streets

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

- 80

- 24

- 70

 20

- 15

- 70

- 63 

-120 

-179

-160

- 66

- 38

- 83 

- 70

- 70

Referred 

to U. S. 

datum, 

Sandy 

Hook.

- 14

- 60

- 13

- 5

- 60

- 63 

 120 

-179

Kind of rock, if known.

Red shale.

Gneiss.

Dark sandstone.

Gneiss and quartz.

Red sandstone.

Do.

Serpentine 

Do. 

Do.

No rock.

Trap:

Do. 

Do. 

Sandstone.

Granite.

aSchrenk and Company, Ann. Rept. State Geol. New Jersey, 1901, p. 120. Record of well No. 1402: 

Clay and sand 80 feet, red shale 120.

ft Russell, I. C., Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 66-77. Nos. 1403-1407, elevations estimated; 

borings 1408-1411 supposed to be referred to mean tide.

o White sandstone and thin bands of slate occurring belowSOO feet. A few feet of rock at surface, 

said to be serpentine.

d Rock penetrated for 200 feet, ended in whitish sandstone.'

e Greenville Brewing Company, Nos. 1412-1414, section: Fine sand, 50 feet; gravel, 5; trap rock, 2; 

sand, bowlders, and gravel mixed, 26; trap rock, 15; brown sandstone, 15; black "trap " rock (becoming bluish as depth increased) of a soft, almost talc-like character.

/Lembeck & Betz Brewing Company. Wells 1415 and 1416 at 150 feet struck soapstone, and at 700 

feet struck granite.
HOBBS.] NEW JEESEY AND LONG ISLAND. 93

Summary of records of borings made in New York and vicinity Continued.

3. BOEINGS IN THE OUTLYING BOROUGHS AND IN OTHER LOCALITIES NEAR NEW

YORK Continued.

Serial 

number.

1417 

1417a

14176

1417c 

1418

1419 

1420

1421 

1422

1423

1424

Loeatlon.

Jersey City Continued.

Colgale & Co., near Pennsylvania 

R. R. station. « 

Foot of 15th street on line of old 

Hudson River tunnel, 300 

feet west of bulkhead line. &

Pier C, Pennsylvania R. R. bulkhead.

Near Pier C ....................

Central Stock Yards,' 500 feet 

back from Hudson shore. G

J. Mehl & Co., Jersey City 

heights/'

Consolidated Traction Company. & 

Fort Lee, N. J. 

850-foot well ...................

Weehawken, N. J. 

Pier No. 7, Hudson River <?......

Great Neck and Greenport, L. I. 

HewlettPoint, Great Neck (well)/

Depth of boring to rock.

As given.

-35

-86

-40. 59 

-70

-20 

-150

(d) 

-75to-110

(-230 1 

-222 

 244 J 

-670

Referred to 

U. S. datum, 

Sandy Hook.

-33

 78 to 118

-220 

-670

Kind of rock, if 

known.

Gneiss rock and 

mica.

Red sandstone.

Mica schist.

Do. 

SandstoneTrap. 

Red sandstone.

No rock.

Soft granite. 

Soft rock.

aConlan, p. H. and J., artesian wells. Ann. Rept. State Geol. New Jersey, 1896, p. 184. Sandstone 

and. trap found in other wells near.

& Records M17a-1417c furnished by J. V. Davies, deputy chief engineer, 111 Broadway, New York. 

Rock in 1417c penetrated in shaft to a distance of 60 feet.

cCook, Geo. H., Ann. Rept. State Geol. New Jersey, 1882, p. 139.' Record of well 1418: Mnd, 70 feet; 

red sandstone, 145: gneiss, 240.

dSmock, J. C., idem, 1897, p. 283. No. 1419, "trap as far as drilled;" No. 1420. "not finished at 

depth of 1,400 feet;" No. 1421, " through trap 850 feet and not finished " (1901). Mentions as curious 

fact that red sandstone outcrops at the surface a quarter of a mile distant.

e Engineering Record, vol. 44,1901, p. 620.

/ Veatch, A. C., U. S. Geol. Survey. Well 1423 reported as -230 by Stothoff Bros., as 220 by J. H. 

Herbert, who visited the well, and as 244 by Mr. Cole, who did the work. Record of well: 90 feet, 

light gray sand, with coarse seams 5-20 feet apart and from 6 inches to 2 feet thick, and containing 

some clay; 140 feet, fine gray sand and quicksand; 230-512 feet, rock soft, gray granite with mica 

veins, Well 1424 penetrated extremely soft rock 20 feet.

INDEX.

Page 

Acknowledgments to those aiding......... 21,23

Amethyst avenue, foundations on, bed rock

in............................... 72

Amsterdam avenue, foundations on and

near, bed rock in............... 74-7fi

Anthony avenue, foundations on, bed rock

in....................,...'....... 71

Aqueduct, hew, section of Harlem River

at, bed rock in ................. 42

Assistance from others..................... 21,23

Bed rock, depth and nature of, study of.... 20-21

depths to, tables of..................... 30-93

exposures of............................ 21-22

form of................................. 21-29

maps showing....................... 11,20,22

sections of........................... 25,26,28

See also names of localities, streets, etc.,

Foundations, etc. 

Bedloe Island, bed rock on, depth to....... 40

Boston road, foundations on, bed rock in.. 72 

Broadway, bed rock on and near.......... 44-45,

49-54,57,66-68,73,76,81 

buildings on and near, foundations of,

bedrockin..................... 52-54

sections along, figures showing......... 28

Bronx, Borough of, bed rock in............. 87-89

Brooklyn, bed rock in...................... 83-86

Brooklyn-New York tunnel, bed rock in... 35 

Buildings in Manhattan, foundations of, bed

rock in ................... 51-55,71-76

Central bridge, sections of Harlem River at

and near, bed rock in .........'. 43

Cozzens,Isaachar,onNewYorkCitygeology. 12 

Credner, Hermann, on New York City geology........................... 13

' Dana, J. D., on New York City geology.... 14

East River, channels of, bed rock in........ 30-35

character of............................ 21

sections across.......................... 32-35

East River bridge, approach to, bed rock at. 76 

section at, bed rock in.................. 32-34

East River Gas Company, tunnel of, bed'

rock in ....:.................... 32

East River reefs, bed rock in, depth to..... 34

Eckel, E. C., on New York City geology.... 16

Eighth avenue, bed rock near.............. 55-57

Eleventh avenue, bed rock near........... 55,68

section along, figure showing .......... 28

Faulting, importance of.................... 20

Fifth avenue, bed rock on and near........ 56,

57,68-70,80-82 

buildings on and near, foundations of,

bed rock in..................... 54-55

' Page. 

Fifty-ninth street, line of, bed rock on..... 41

First avenue, bed rock near.... 57-58,74-75,80-81

Fort Lee, N. J., bed rock at................. 93

Forty-second street,,section of East River

online of, bed rock on......... 34

Foundations in Manhattan, bed rock in.... 51-

55,71-76 

Fourth avenue, bed rock on.......... 56,58-59,81

Fultonavenue, foundations on, bedrockin. 71 

Gale, L. D., on New York City geology..... 12

Gneissoid "islands" in New York, location

of............................ 12,21-22

location of, figures showing............ 15

Gratacap, L. P., on New York City geology. 16-17 

' Greatneck, N. Y., bed rock at .............. 93

Greenport, N. Y., bed rock at.............. 93

Harlem, bed rock in, character of.......... 27-28

depth to ............................. 23-24,27

Harlem River, channel of, bed rock in..... 41-44

sections across, figures showing........ 26

Hell Gate, channel at, character of........ 21

Highbridge, section of Harlem River at,

bed rock in..................... 42

Hobbs, W. H., on New York City geology.. -19 

Hoboken, bed rock in...................... 89-92

water f ron t of, bed rock at............. 89-91

Hudson River, area west of, bibliography

of............................... 19

channels of, bed rock in................ :.6-41.

character of ........................ -21

sections of.......................... 40-41

Jackson avenue, foundations on, bed rock

in............................... 72

Jersey City, bed rock in .................... 92-93

Julien, A. A., on New York City geology... 17-18 

Kemp, J. F., on New York City geology ... 14-16 

Lenox avenue, foundations on and near,

bed rock in..................... 73,81

section along, figure showing .......... 28

Lexington avenue, bed rock on...... 45-4S,56,68

Long Island City, bed rock in.............. £6

MeAdoo tunnel, bed rock in................' 40

Macomb's dam, section of Harlem River at,

bed rock in..................... 43

Madison avenue, bed rock near...... 56,53,6 j-69

Madison avenue bridge, section of Harlem

River at, bed rock in........... 44

Manhattan Island, bed rock of, depth to.. 22-24,

44-82 

bed rock of, exposures of............... 21-22

form of.............................. 21-29

buildings on, foundations of, bed rock

in ........................ 51-55,71-76

95
96 INDEX.

Page.

Manhattan Island, channels around, borings in................................ 30-44

engineering enterprises on...:......... 10

. geology of, study of.................... 9-29

maps of........................... 15,20,22,24

discussion of........................ 9-10

sections of.............................. 25-29

figures showing....;............. 25,26,28

structure of............................. 9-29

water front of, bed rock on............. 30-44

Manhattan viaduct, bed rock at............ 66-67

Mather, W. W., on New.York City geology. 12 

Merrill, F. J. H., on New York City geology. 15-16 

Newberry, J. S., on New York City geology. 13-14 

Ninth avenue, bed rock near............ 55-57,81

New York-Brooklyn tunnel, bed rock in... 35 

New York Central Railroad bridge, section

of Harlem. River at, bed rock in. 43 

One hundred and forty-fifth street bridge, 

section of Harlem River at, bed 

rock in ......................... 43

One hundred and tenth street, bed rock on. 48 

ParK avenue, bed rock on and near........ 80

Park avenue bridge, section of Harlem River at, bed rock in...............' 44

Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island 

Railroad Company, borings of, 

bed rock in..................... 25-26

tunnel of, bed rock in.................. 40-41

Pennsylvania Railroad, tunnel of, bed rock

in............................... 34-35

Peet, C. E., on New York City geology..... 19

Queens, Borough of, bed rock in ........... 86-87

RandalPs map, character of................ 9

Rapid transit commission/subway of, bed

rock in........................... 26-29,44-49

. tuimelsof............."................-. 10

bed rock in......................... 35,43

Page. 

Riverside Park extension, bed rock on..... 59-66

Riverside viaduct, bed rock at............. 66

Rock basement. See Bed rock.

Russell, I. C., on New York City geology... 14

School buildings, foundations of, bed rock

in.............1................. 71-76

Second avenue, bed rock on and near..... 57-58,

69,73-74 

Second avenue bridge, section of Harlem

River at, bed rock in........... 44

Sections, location of, map showing......... 24

Seventh avenue, bed rock near ......... 56-5.7,81

Sixth avenue, bed rock near......... 56-57,68,70

Southern boulevard, bed rock on .......... 87-88

Spuyten Duyvil bridge, section of Harlem

River at, bed rock in........... 41

Stevens, R. P., on New York City geology... 12-13 

Stock Exchange building, bed rock at, map

showing.....:.................. 11

Tenth avenue, bed rock near...... 56,67,75,80-81.

Third avenue, bed rock near...... 58,69,74,79,82

Third Avenue bridge, section of Harlem

River at, bed rock in........... 44

Thirty-first street, bed rock on line of...... .55

Thirty-fourth street, bed rock on line of. "48-49,58 

Thirty-second street, bed rock on line of... 55-57 

Thirty-third street, bed rock on line of..... 57-58

Twelfth avenue, bed rock near.......... 55,59-66

Viele,E.G.,map of, character of....:..'.... 9

.Wadsworth avenue, foundations on, bed

rock in......................... 71

Washington Bridge, section of Harlem River

at, bed rock in.................. 42

Weehawken, N. J., bed rock in............. 93.

Westchester avenue, bed rock on........... 87-88

section along, figure showing.......... 28

Willis avenue bridge, section of Harlem

River at, bed rock in............ 44

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