N OTE : This disposition is nonprecedential. 

# United States **Court of Appeals**  **for the Federal Circuit**

______________________

GARY R. AMASON, Petitioner

v.

UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE, Respondent

______________________

2021

- 1800

______________________ Petition for review of the Merit Systems Protection Board in No. DA

- 0752

- 19

- 0523 -I- 2.

______________________

Decided: April 2, 2024

______________________

J AMES M. A NDERSEN , Houston, TX, for petitioner.

A UGUSTUS J EFFREY G OLDEN , Commercial LitigationBranch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent. Also represented by R EGINALD T HOMAS B LADES , J R ., B RIAN M. B OYNTON , P ATRICIA M. M C C ARTHY

.

______________________

Before L OURIE , C HEN , and C UNNINGHAM , Circuit Judges

. Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 1 Filed: 04/02/2024AMASON v. USPS 2

P ER C URIAM

. Gary R. Amason petitions for review of a Merit Systems Protection Board (“Board”) decision affirming the United States Postal Service ’s reduction of his grade and pay

. Amason v. U.S. Postal Serv

. , No. DA

- 0752

- 19

- 0523 -I- 2, 2021 WL 533568 ( M.S.P.B. Feb. 8, 2021) (“ Decision ”) (J.A . 1– 28)

. 1 We affirm

. I. B ACKGROUND Mr. Amason was employed with the United States Postal Service (“Postal Service” ) as an EAS 21 Postmaster at the Webster Post Office ( “ WPO ” ) in Webster, Texas. Decision at 2; J.A. 36. Postmasters are responsible for overseeing the daily operations of a post office , including the timely delivery of mail

. Decision at 2; J.A. 36 ; J.A. 182

– 83

. In No vember 2018, the Postal Service Office of Inspector General ( “ OIG ” ) investigated WPO’s scanning procedures, revealing that over 1,000 packages were improperly scanned as delivered in September 2018 when the packages actually remained within the WPO

. Decision at 2 ; J.A. 1 69 –70

. In February 2019, based on a management referral from the OIG, Manager of Post Office Operations Sunny Sunny also investigated the improper sca ns

. Decision at 2; J.A. 17 2–7 3. B ased on the result s of his investigation, on Apr il 10, 2019, Mr. Sunny issued a notice of proposed reduction in grade and pay to Mr. Amason based on “unacceptable conduct” of instructing staff to make inappropriate scans of packages or misrepresent the status of packages , indicating they had been delivered or

1 Because the reported version of the Board’s decision is not paginated, citations in this opinion are to the version of the Board’s decision included in the Joint Appendix. For example, Decision at 1 is found at J.A. 1. Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 2 Filed: 04/02/2024AMASON v. USPS 3

available for pickup when they were not. Decision at 2 –3 ; J .A. 36. The l etter propose d a reduction in grade a nd pay from Postmaster, EAS 21 with a salary of $93,461.00

, to Supervisor, EAS 17 with a salary of $81,234.00

. J.A. 38. The letter als o explain ed that Mr. Amason’s actions violated the Postal Service ’s rules and regulations

, quoting multiple provisions of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual

. J.A. 38.
On August 29, 2019, Deciding Official Myron Kelly issued a letter of decision, sustain ing the charge and reducing Mr. Amason’s grade and pay, effective September 5, 2019. Decision at 3; J.A. 40

– 44

. Mr. Amason appealed the decision to the Board. Decision at 1; J.A. 29

– 34. On February 8, 2021, the administrative j udge affirmed the Postal Service’s decision. Decision at 1– 20. The administrative j udge found that the Postal Service proved its charge by preponderant evidence

. Id. at 3– 6. T he a dministrative j udge also found that Mr. Amason failed to establish a d ue p rocess claim, that there is a nexus between the misconduct and the efficiency of the service, and that the penalty of demotion is reasonable. Id. at 17

– 20. On March 15, 2021, the administrative judge ’s decision became the Board’s final decision

. Id. at 20.

Mr. Amason appeals

. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(9).

II. D ISCUSSION

A.

“ We affirm a decision of the Board unless it is found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; obtained without procedures required by law, rule, or regulation having been followed; or unsupported by substantial evidence. ” Ford

Clifton v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs. , 661 F.3d 655, 658

– 59 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c) ). “We ‘must reverse a decision of the Board if it

. . . is not in accordance Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 3 Filed: 04/02/2024AMASON v. USPS 4

with the requirements of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment . . . .’” Ward v. U.S. Postal Serv. , 634 F.3d 1274, 1278 (Fed. Cir. 2011) ( first alteration in original) (quoting Blank v. Dep’t of the Army , 247 F.3d 1225, 1228 (Fed. Cir. 2001) ).

B.
On appeal, Mr. Amason argues that the Postal Service’s action violated his d ue p rocess rights

, Appellant’s Br. 8 , 11

– 12; see also id. at 13 –23 , and that there was no substantial evidence supporting the Board’s decision, id. at 8, 29–3 0. We address each argument in t urn. Regarding d ue p rocess, Mr. Amason argues that neither the Board nor the Postal Service cited to “ any writtendocument, including but not limited to any USPS Management Directive, USPS Manual, USPS Rule, USPS Procedure, Regulation in the United States Code of Federal Regulation, or any statute in the United States Code [ ] as the basis for any discipline issued against [him]. ” I d. at 15. We find this argument unpersuasive

. T he April 2019 Letter cites several provisions of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual as the basis for the reduction in pay and grade

, and Mr. Amason does not contest that the Employee and Labor Relations Manual constitute s a part of the Postal Service’s regulations

. J.A. 38 ; Appellant’s Br. 15 ; see also 39 C.F.R. § 211.2(a)(2) (“The regulations of the Postal Service consist of

. . . th e Employee and Labor Relations Manual

. . . . ”) . The cited provisions of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual expect employees to “be loyal to the United States government and uphold the policies and regulations of the Posta l Service,” to “discharge their assigned duties conscientiously and effectively

, ” and to be

“ honest, reliable, trustworthy , courteous, and of good character and reputation

. ” J.A. 38 (emphas e s added) (citing Employee and Labor Relations Manual §§ 665.11, 665.13, 665.16). Because Mr. Amason was charged with instructing his staff to make misrepresentations as to the status of Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 4 Filed: 04/02/2024AMASON v. USPS 5

packages, J.A. 36, an action that is inherently d ishonest, the cited section s of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual provided sufficient notice

. See J.A. 38 (noting the lack of integrity in Mr. Amason’s actions ). Therefore, the April 2019 Letter, citing relevant provisions of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual, satisfied the d ue p rocess requirement that “an employee be given notice of thecharges against him in sufficient detail to allow the employee to make an informed reply.” Do v. Dep ’ t o f Hous. & Urb. Dev. , 913 F.3d 1089, 1094 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (citations omitted)

. Further more , even if we take as true Mr. Amason’s allegation that the Postal Service had no scanning practices and procedures at the time of his conduct, Appellant’s Br. 17, Mr. Amason still owed a duty to be honest, reliable

, and trustworthy under the provisions of the Employee and Labor Relations Manual discussed above

. Inappropriate scans of packages violate this duty. Accordingly, w e conclude that the Board did not e rr and that Mr. Amason has failed to establish a due process violation.

C.

Mr. Amason also argues that the Board ’s finding s on nexus and the reasonableness of the penalty are not supported by substantial evidence. See Appellant’s Br. 29

– 30; see also id. at 23

– 28. We disagree

. Regarding nexus, th e Board found the nexus “clearwhere, as here, the agency has established by preponderant evidence that the appellant, as Postmaster, instructed Postal employees to misrepresent the status of mail through im proper scanning.” Decision at 18. Because M r. Amason acted inappropriately in his capacity as a Postmaster , there was substantial evidence to su pport a finding of nexus because there was a “direct connection” between the efficiency of the service and Mr. Amason’s misconduct. Parker v. U.S. Postal Serv

. , 819 F.2d 1113, 1116 (Fed. Cir

. 1987). The nexus between the “falsification of government Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 5 Filed: 04/02/2024AMASON v. USPS 6

records”

— like Post Service’s records of the status of packages

— and the “efficiency of the service [is] ‘ obvious on the face of the facts. ’” Gonzales v. Def. Logistics Agency , 772 F.2d 887, 889 (Fed. Cir. 1985) ( quoting Phillips v. Bergland , 586 F.2d 1007, 1011 (4th Cir. 1978) and citing Hayes v. Dep’t of the Navy , 727 F.2d 1535, 1539 & n.3 (Fed. Cir. 1984) ). Whether Mr. Amason violate d any criminal statute

or engage d in any other egregious conduct is irrelevant

. See Appellant’s Br. 26. T he record shows that Mr. Amason’s actions negatively impacted the efficiency of the Postal Service by resulting in numerous customer complain ts

. J.A. 96

– 152. Therefore, we find the Board ’s finding on nexus to be supported by substantial e vidence.

We further conclude that substantial evidence supports the Board ’s finding that the penalty of demotion is reasonable

. Decision at 18

– 20. Th e August 2019 Decision Letter and Mr. Kelly’s declaration include thorough analyses of the Douglas factors and support this finding

. See J.A. 4 1–42 ; J.A. 182

– 85. Mr. Amason argues that his penalty is inconsistent with t he penalty imposed on others, citing to one example when a nother postmaster in Texas was given a letter of reprimand in lieu of a demotion under a similar charge

. Appellant’s Br. 30 ; see also J.A. 550

– 53. However, in that case, only about 100 packages were found to be mis

- scanned, and none of the employees identified the reprimanded postmaster as the official that gave them the instruction to perform improper scans. J.A. 550

– 51. Here, over 1,000 packages were improperly scanned, Decision at 2; J.A. 89

– 91, and several employees stated that Mr. Amason instructed them to make the improper scans on multiple occasions. See, e.g.

, J.A. 81

– 82; J.A. 180

– 81; J.A. 84; J.A. 87. Because the other postmaster ’s conduct was not analogous, his reprimand do es not establish that Mr. Amason received a penalty in consistent with other employees in similar circumstances.

Mr. Amason also contends that the offense was “ very minor ” compared to the amount of mail that WPO Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 6 Filed: 04/02/2024AMASON v. USPS 7

processes and delivers and that the Postal Service has elsewhere conceded that the improper scanning resulted in nothing more than “ an inconvenience. ” Appellant’s Br. 27, 30. T he Board rejected this argument , instead finding that Mr. Kelly properly found Mr. Amason ’s misconduct to be seri ous , noting that it violate d customers’ trust and was at odds with his obligation as a postmaster

. See Decision at 19

– 20 ; J.A. 41 ¶ 2; J.A. 18 3 ¶ 9a

. The Board also explained that improper scans resulted in numerous customer complaints regarding inaccurate tracking information and confusion as to the location of their mail. Decision at 19

– 20; see also J.A. 41 ¶ 7 ; J.A. 184 ¶ 9c ; J.A. 96

– 152

. We see no

error in the Board’s analysis.
Mr. Amason additionally argues that Mr. Kelly’s finding of no hope of rehabilitation was not supported by substantial evidence , citing his long tenure as a Postal Service employee without prior discipline

. Appellant’s Br. 30 ; see also id. at 26– 27

. But the Board concluded that Mr. Kelly considered these factors but found them outweighed by the seriousness of Mr. Amason’s conduct, particularly in light of his supervisory role

. Decision at 19; J.A. 41 ¶¶ 3–4 ; J.A

. 184

– 85 ¶¶ 9d, 9i

. Here too, w e do not see any error in the Board’s analysis.

We “ will not disturb a choice of penalty within the
agency ’ s discretion unless the severity of the agency’s action appears totally unwarranted in light of all the factors

. ” Mings v. Dep ’ t of Just. , 813 F.2d 384, 390 (Fed. Cir. 1987)

. Because substantial evidence supports the Board’s finding that the penalty is reasonable, w e will not disturb it.

III. C ONCLUSION

We have considered Mr. Amason ’s remaining arguments and find them unpersuasive. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Board’s decision.

AFFIRMED Case: 21-1800 Document: 96 Page: 7 Filed: 04/02/2024