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### S e p t e m b e r 28, 2007 Elisab eth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court PU BL I SH UNI TED S TATES CO URT O F AP PEALS

T E N T H C IR C U IT
PA U L B . J O N E S, i ndi vi dual l yand on behal f of a cl as s of s i m i l ar l ys i tuat ed i nd i vidual s, P lain tiff - A p p e llan t, v. S A L T L A K E C O U N T Y , a b o d yp o lit ic and corpor at e of the St at e of U t ah; A A R O N K E N N A R D , Sal tL ake Co u n tyS h e r i ff; P AUL C U N N I N G H A M , C apt ai n, Sal tL ake Co u n tyM e tr o J a i l ; J OHN MER RI CK , L ieuten an t, S altL ak e C o u n tyM etro Ja il, D efen dan t s - A pp el l ees.

_______________________________ P R IS O N E R ’S L E G A L N E W S , a nonpr ofi tW as hi ngt on corpor at i on, P lain tiff - A p p e llan t, v. P E T E H A U N , E x ec u ti v e D ir ec tor, U t ah D epartm ent of C orr ect i on s; F R E D H . V A N D E R V E U R , D ir ec tor, I ns t i tut i onal O per at i ons , D i vi s i on of I ns t i tut i onal O per at i ons , U t ah De p a r t me n to f

Co rr e c t i o n s ; KERRY N o. 04- 4185

N o. 04- 4186-2-

G A L E T K A ; B R Y A N T H E R M A N , D efen dan t s - A pp el l ees.

A ppeal from t he U ni t ed St at es D i s t ri ct C ourt

for t he D i s t ri ct of

U t ah ( D. C. No s . 2 : 9 6 - CV- 6 3 7 - P GC & 2 : 9 8 - CV- 2 8 7 - P GC) B r i an M . B arnhar d ( J ames L. H arr i s , J r . w i th hi m on the br i efs ) , U t ah Legal C l i nic, S al tL ake C i ty , U t ah, for Plai nti ffs-A pp el l ants . N i chol as M . D ’ A l es andr o, D eputyD i s tr i ctA t t orney( D avi d E . Y ocom, D i s tr i ct A tto rn e yfo r S a lt L a k e C o u n ty , an d Jo h n P . S o lti s, D e p u tyD istric t A tto rn e y , w ith hi m on the br i ef) O ffi ce of the D i s tr i ctA t t orneyforSal tL ake Count y , Sal tL ake C i ty , U t ah, forD efe ndant s - A ppel l ees Sal tL ake Count y , K ennar d, C unni ngham and M err i ck. B r entA . B urnett , A s s i s t antA t t orneyG ener al ( M ark L . Shur t l eff, A t t orney G ener al , and A l ai n C . B al m anno, A s s i s t antA t t orneyG ener al , w i th hi m on the br i ef) O ffi ce of

the A t t orneyG ener al forthe St at e of U t ah, Sal tL ake Ci ty , U t ah, forD efe ndant s - A ppel l ees H aun, V anderveur , G al etka and H erm an. B efor e T AC HA , C h ie f J u d g e , M c W I LL I A M S and O’ BRI EN , C i rcui tJudg es. O’ BRI EN , C i r cui tJ udge.

T he d i stri ctcou rtcon si dered co m plai nts from el even i nm at e plai nti ffs, i n c l u d i n g P a u l B. J o n e s , a n d o n e c o rp o r a t e p l a i n t i ff, P r i s o n e r ’ s L e g a l Ne ws (P L N ). T h e e lev e n in m a te p lain tiffs w e re a ll i n c a rc e ra ted a t eith e r th e U tah S tate Pr i s on, the Sal tL ake Count yJ ai l orthe San J uan C ountyJ ai l . T he i nm at es andT he magi s tr at e di d concl ude the Sal tL ake Count yJ ai l ’ s form erban on 1 new spapers w as unco nst i tuti on al . T his i ssue i s not before us. -3- PL N fi l ed s ever al l aw s ui t s agai ns tthes e fa ci l i t i es ’ offi cer s chal l engi ng the cons t i tut i onal i ty of thei r m ai l r egul at i ons under 42 U . S. C . § 1983. T he ca s es we r e r e fe rr e d t o a ma g i s tr a t e j u d g e , wh o r e c o mme n d e d d i s mi s s a l u n d e r2 8 U. S . C. §§ 1915( e) ( 2) ( B ) and 1915A forfai l ur e t o s t at e a c l ai m upon w hi ch r el i ef maybe g ra n ted . T h e d istric t co u rt a d o p ted th a t re c o m m e n d a tio n . T h re e a p p e a ls

1 fol l ow ed: A ppeal N os . 04- 4185 (Jo n e s v . Sa lt L a ke C o u n ty, e t a l. ) , 04- 4186 (P r is oner ’s LegalNew s v. Haun , e t a l. ) and 04- 4187 (P r is oner ’s LegalNew s v. C hr is t ens en , e t a l. ) . T he appe al s w er e cons ol i dat ed. I n D ece m ber2004, A ppeal N o. 04- 4187 w as di s m i s s ed bys t i pul at i on. T her efor e, onl yA ppeal N os . 04- 4185 a n d 0 4 -4 1 8 6 re m a in . B e c a u se A p p e a l N o . 0 4 -4 1 8 5 a d d re ss e s th e m a il reg u latio n s a t th e S a lt L a k e C o u n tyJa il (C o u n tyJa il) an d A p p e a l N o . 0 4 -4 1 8 6 a d d re ss e s th e m a il r egul at i ons atthe U t ah St at e Pr i s on ( St at e Pr i s on) , w e di s cus s eac h appea l s epar at el y . H ow ever , befor e turni ng t o the mer i t s , w e addr es s w hetheri tw as pr opert o di s m i s s the part i es ’ compl ai nt s under28 U . S. C . §§ 1915( e) ( 2) ( B ) and 19 15 A , an is sue com m on t o b oth appe al s.

I . 2 8 U. S . C. § 1 9 1 5 ( e ) ( 2 ) ( B) a n d § 1 9 1 5 A T h e fir s t la w s u it file d in th e d is tr ic t c o u rt , Farnsw orth v. Sa l tL ake Metro J a il , w as i ni t i at ed on J anuary21, 1994. J ones fi l ed hi s cas e cha l l engi ng theS ect i on 19 15 i s ent i t l ed “P roceedings i n fo rm a pau peri s” and a l l ow s a 2 courtt o author i ze the comm ence m entof anys ui torappea l w i thoutpr epaym entof th e filin g fe e s if

th e p e rs o n is u n a b le to p a ys u c h fe e s . 2 8 U .S .C . § 1 9 1 5 (a )( 1 ). S ub sect i on (e) (2) (B ) pr ov i des: -4- C ounty J ai l ’ s r egul at i ons on A ugus t 30, 1996. PL N , al ong w i th i nm at e W al t er T hom as , fi l ed thei rl aw s ui tchal l engi ng the St at e Pr i s on’ s bul k- r at e mai l pol i ci es on A pr i l 23, 1998. T he J ones and PL N - T hom as compl ai nt s , al ong w i th a number of otherr el at ed pr i s onercompl ai nt s , w er e cons ol i dat ed w i th Fa rn sw o rth . On O c to b e r 1 4 , 2 0 0 3 , th e m a g is tr a te ju d g e is s u e d a re p o rt a n d re c o m m e n d a tio n . T her ei n, the magi s tr at e l i s t ed s event een pe ndi ng m ot i ons fi l ed bythe var i ous part i es . H e then s t at ed: U n d e r 2 8 U .S .C . § 1 9 1 5 (e )(2 )(B )[ ] a n d 2 8 U .S .C . § 1 9 1 5 A , this C o u rt m a yd ism iss a c o m p lain t filed if sa tisfied th a t th e a c tio n fa ils t o st at e a cl ai m up on w hich r el i ef m aybe g rant ed. P ursuantt o these m oti on s and the C ou rt ’s scr eening ab i l i ty , everym oti on i n ev erycase o f th is a c tio n is b e fo re th e C o u rt . (A p p e llan t’s A p p . V o l. 1 a t 4 1 (c itatio n s o m itt e d ).) In re c o m m e n d in g d ism iss a l, the magi s tr at e aga i n ci t ed 28 U . S. C . §§ 1915( e) ( 2) ( B ) and 1915A . O n M ar ch 29, 2 0 0 4 , the d istri ct co u rtad o p ted (w ith o n e c lari fica ti o n ) th e m ag istrate’s r ecomm endat i on “i n al l r es pect s . ” (Id. a t 8 1 .) Jo n e s a n d P L N a rg u e th e d istric t co u rt im p ro p e rlyd ism iss e d th e ir c o m p lain ts u n d e r 2 8 U .S .C . § § 1 9 1 5 (e )(2 )(B ) a n d 1 9 1 5 A . T h e yc laim § 1915( e) ( 2) ( B ) onl yappl i es t o i n form a p auperis act i ons and theypai d the fi l i ng fee s . A s t o § 1915A , PL N ar gues i tappl i es onl yt o pr i s onercompl ai nt s and 2N otw i ths t andi ng anyfi l i ng fee , oranypor t i on ther eof, thatm ayhave

b ee n p aid, th e c o u rtsh all d ism iss th e c ase at an yti m e if the co u rt d e te rm in e s th a t– . . . (B ) th e a cti o n o r ap p ea l- - (i ) i s fr i vo l ou s or m al i ci ou s; ( i i ) fai l s t o s t at e a c l ai m on w hi ch r el i ef maybe gr ant ed; or ( i i i ) s eeks m onet aryr el i ef a gai ns ta defendantw ho i s i m m une fr om s uch r el i ef. S e c tio n 1 9 1 5 A p ro v id e s in re lev a n t p a rt: 3 (a ) S c re e n in g .--T h e c o u rt sh a ll rev iew , b e fo re d o c k e tin g , if fe a sib le or , i n anyevent , as s oon as pr act i cabl e af t erdocket i ng, a compl ai nt i n a c i v i l a c t i o n i n wh i c h a p r i s o n e rs e e k s r e d r e s s f r o m a g o v e rn m e n t a l e n t i ty o ro ffi c e ro re m p l o ye e o f a g o v e rn m e n t a l e n t i ty. ( b) G r ounds fordi s m i s s al . - - O n r evi ew , the courts hal l i dent i fy cogni zabl e cl ai m s ordi s m i s s the compl ai nt , oranypor t i on of the co m p lai n t, if th e c o m p lai n t- - ( 1) i s fr i vol ous , m al i ci ous , orfai l s t o s t at e a c l ai m upon w hi ch r el i ef m aybe gr ant ed; or ( 2) s eeks m onet aryr el i ef f r om a defendantw ho i s i m m une fr om s uch r el i ef. -5- ther efor e i t s compl ai nt coul d not be di s m i s s ed under § 1915A . W hi l e J ones 3
conce des hi s compl ai nti s a pr i s onercompl ai nt , he cont ends § 1915A r equi r es s cr eeni ng of compl ai nt s “befor e docke t i ng, i f fe as i bl e or , i n anyevent , as s oon as pr act i cabl e af

t erdocket i ng. ” 28 U . S. C . § 1915A ( a) . B eca us e hi s compl ai ntw as nots cr eene d unt i l 2003, s even y ear s aft eri t s fi l i ng, he ar gues i t s di s m i s s al w as n o t a u th o ri z e d u n d e r § 1 9 1 5 A a n d w a s c o n tr a ry to th e s ta tu te ’s in te n t, i . e. , toJ ones as s ert s hi s compl ai ntw as nots cr eene d unt i l 2004. H ow ever , the 4 m agi s tr at e s cr eene d hi s compl ai nti n 2003; i t s di s m i s s al occurr ed i n 2004. T h e m a g istra te o n lya d v ise d th e p a rties th e yh a d ten d a y s in w h ich to file 5 obj ect i ons t o the r eportand r ecomm endat i on; he fa i l ed t o i nform them of t he cons equenc es of a fai l ur e t o obj ect . T her efor e, had the part i es been pro se , the fi r m w ai verrul e w oul d nothave appl i ed. -6- w eed outm er i t l es s i nm at e compl ai nt s befor e ori m m edi at el yaft erfi l i ng. 4 W hi l e J ones and PL N ’ s ar gum ent s m ayhave mer i t , w e nee d notr es ol ve them her e bec aus e J ones and PL N fai l ed t o obj ectt o the magi s tr at e’ s r eportand r ecomm endat i on on thos e gr ounds . W e have adopt ed a “ fi r m w ai verrul e” w her ebythe fa i l ur e t o t i m el yobj ectt o a “magi s tr at e’ s fi ndi ngs or r ecomm endat i ons w ai ves appel l at e r evi ew of both fac tual and l egal ques t i ons . ” Moor e v. Uni t ed Stat es , 950 F. 2d 656, 659 ( 10th C i r . 1991) . “Thi s rul e does not appl y , how ever , w hen ( 1) a pro se l i t i g a n th a s n o tb e e n i n fo r me d o f th e t i me per i od forobj ect i ng and the cons equenc es of fa i l i ng t o obj ect , orw hen ( 2) the in te re s ts o f

ju s tic e re q u ir e re v ie w .” Mor al es - Fer nandezv. I. N. S. , 418 F. 3d 1116, 1119 ( 10th C i r . 2005) ( quot at i ons om i t t ed) . N ei therexce pt i on t o the fi r m w ai ver rul e appl i es her e. Fi r s t , J ones and PL N di d notpr ocee d pro se ; th eyw ere rep rese n ted b yco u n sel. S ec o n d , the in terests of justi ce d o n o t r eq u ir e 5 su sp e n sio n o f

th e ru le. W h ile th e d istric t co u rt m a yh a v e in a p p ro p ria tely d i s mi s s e d J o n e s ’ a n d P L N’ s c o mp l a i n t s p u r s u a n tt o § § 1 9 1 5 ( e ) ( 2 ) ( B) a n d 1 9 1 5 A, w e can si m plycon strue the d i stri ctcou rt ’s act i on s as a s ua s pont e gr antof s um m aryj udgm entt o the defendant s beca us e i tappea r s both the magi s tr at e and-7-

d is tr ic t c o u rt c o n s id e re d a n d re lie d o n e v id e n c e o u ts id e th e p le a d in g s . See F ED . R . C IV . P . 1 2 (b). A lth o u g h n o t fav o red , “a su a sp o n te ord er o f su m m ary ju d g m e n t m a yb e a p p ro p ria te if th e lo sin g p a rtyw a s o n n o tice th a t [ th e y ] h a d to come for w ar d w i th al l of [thei r ] evi dence . I f a l os i ng partyw as notpr ej udi ced by the lac k o f n o ti ce , w e w il l no t r ev erse sim p lyb ec au se th e g ran t of su m m ary j udgm entcame s ua s pont e. ” War d v. Utah , 3 9 8 F . 3 d 1 2 3 9 , 1 2 4 5 -46 (10 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ) ( c ita tio n a n d q u o ta tio n s o m itte d ). T h e re is n o in d ic a tio n o f p reju d ic e h e re . Pr i ort o the di s tr i ctcourt ’ s di s m i s s al , J ones had fi l ed a mot i on forpart i al s um m aryj udgm enton the i s s ue of l i abi l i tyand hi s r eques tfori nj unct i ve r el i ef a n d P L N h a d re s p o n d e d to th e H a u n D e fe n d a n ts ’ m o tio n fo r s u m m a ry ju d g m e n t. A ddi t i onal l y , J ones and PL N conce ded ator al ar gum entthats um m aryj udgm ent w a s th e a p p ro p ri a te s ta n d a rd . W e now turn t o the mer i t s of ea ch appe al . W e r evi ew de novo a gr antof s u m m a ry ju d g m e n t. R ohr baugh v. C el ot ex Corp. , 5 3 F . 3 d 1 1 8 1 , 1 1 8 2 (10 th C ir . 1 9 9 5 ). S u m m aryjud g m en t i s ap p rop ri ate “ if th e p lead ing s, d ep o sit ion s, an sw ers t o i n t e rr o g a t o r i e s , a n d a d m i s s i o n s o n fi l e , t o g e th e rw i th th e a ffi d a v i t s , i f a n y, s how thatther e i s no genui ne i s s ue as t o anym at er i al fac tand thatthe movi ng partyi s ent i t l ed t o a j udgm entas a mat t erof l aw . ” F ED . R . C IV . P . 5 6 (c ). T h e se a p p e a ls re q u ire u s to d e ter m in e th e c o n stitu tio n a lityo f c e rta in m a il r egul at i ons atthe C ountyJ ai l and St at e Pr i s on. T o det erm i ne w hetherthe chal l enged r egul at i ons ar e val i d, w e appl ythe s t andar d s etforth i n Turne rv.-8-

Saf l ey , 4 8 2 U .S . 7 8 (1 9 8 7 ). Th o rn b u rg h v . A b b o tt , 490 U . S. 401, 413 ( 1989) ( hol di ng Turne ranal y s i s appl i es t o pr i s on r egul at i ons affect i ng the s endi ng of a p u b lic a tio n to a n in m a te , i . e. , inco m ing p u b li ca ti o n s). U n d er Turne r , “w hen a p riso n re g u latio n im p in g e s o n in m a tes ’ c o n stitu tio n a l rig h ts, th e re g u latio n is val i d i f i ti s r eas onabl yr el at ed t o l egi t i m at e penol ogi cal i nt er es t s . ” 482 U . S. at 8 9 . In m a k in g th is d e te rm in a tio n , w e a re g u id e d b yfo u r fa c to rs . Id. at89- 90. “Fi r s t , ther e mustbe a va l i d, r at i onal connec t i on betw een the pr i s on r egul at i on and the l egi t i m at e governm ent al i nt er es tputforw ar d t o j us t i fyi t . ” Id. a t 8 9 (q u o tatio n s o m itt e d ). T h e lo g ica l co n n e c tio n b e tw e e n th e re g u latio n a n d its as s ert ed goal ( s ) cannotbe s o r emot e as t o r enderthe r egul at i on arbi tr aryor ir ra tio n a l. Id. at89- 90. T he l egi t i m at e governm ent al obj ect i ve mustal s o be n e u tr a l. Id. a t 9 0 . A re g u latio n re stric tin g a n in m a te’ s F irst A m e n d m e n t rig h ts m u s t o p e ra te w ith o u t r e g a rd to th e c o n te n t o f th e e x p re s s io n . Id. W her e a re g u latio n f

u rth e rs a n im p o rta n t o r su b sta n tial g o v e rn m e n t in ter e st u n re late d to th e s u p p re s s io n o f

e x p re s s io n , th e n e u tr a lity re q u ir e m e n t is m e t. Thornburgh , 490 U . S. at415. I n otherw or ds , w her e pr i s on offi ci al s “dr aw di s t i nct i ons betw een p u b l i c a t i o n s s o l e l y o n th e b a s i s o f th e i rp o t e n t i a l i m p l i c a t i o n s fo rp r i s o n s e c u r i ty, the r egul at i ons ar e ‘ neutr al ’ . . . . ” Id. at415- 16. Second, w e as k “w hetherther e ar e al t ernat i ve means of exe r ci s i ng the r i ght thatr emai n open t o pr i s on i nm at es . ” Turne r , 4 8 2 U .S . at 9 0 . “[ T ]h e rig h t in ques t i on m us tbe vi ew ed s ens i bl yand expa ns i vel y . ” Thornburgh , 490 U . S. at417-9-

( quot at i ons om i t t ed) . “W her e otheravenue s r emai n avai l abl e forthe exe r ci s e of the as s ert ed r i ght , court s s houl d be part i cul ar l ycons ci ous of the meas ur e of j udi ci al defe r ence ow ed t o corr ect i ons offi ci al s i n gaugi ng the val i di tyof the r egul at i on. ” Turne r , 482 U . S. at90 ( ci t at i on and quot at i ons om i t t ed) . T he “al t ernat i ves need notbe i deal [; ] theyneed onl ybe ava i l abl e. ” War del lv. D uncan , 470 F. 3d 954, 961 ( 10th C i r . 2006) ( quot at i ons om i t t ed) . E ven i f the al t ernat i ve i s notthe “be s tm ethod fr om the i nm at e’ s poi ntof vi ew , . . . the s econd Turne rfac t ordoes notunder cutthe cha l l enged r es tr i ct i on. ” Id. at961- 62 (qu o tat ion s o m itted). T hi r d, w e exa m i ne the i m pactacc om m odat i on of the as s ert ed cons t i tut i onal ri g h t w o u ld h a v e o n g u a rd s , o th e r i n m a te s , a n d p ri s o n re s o u rc e s . Turne r , 482 U .S . a t 9 0 . I n the nec es s ar i l ycl os ed envi r onm entof the corr ect i onal i ns t i tut i on, few change s w i l l have no r ami fi cat i ons on the l i bertyof other s oron the us e of the pr i s on’ s l i m i t ed r es our ces forpr es ervi ng i ns t i tut i onal or der . W hen ac comm odat i on of an a s s ert ed r i ghtw i l l have a sig n ifica n t rip p le e ffe c t o n fe llo w in m a tes o r o n p riso n sta ff, co u rts s houl d be part i cul ar l ydefe r ent i al t o the i nform ed di s cr et i on of corr ect i on s offici al s. Id. a t 9 0 (q u o tatio n s o m itt e d ); s ee als o Thornburgh , 490 U . S. at418 ( w her e the rig h t in q u e stio n c a n o n lyb e e x e rc ise d “ a t th e c o st o f sig n ifica n tlyles s lib e rty a n d sa fe tyfo r e v e ry o n e e lse , g u a rd s a n d o th e r p riso n e rs a lik e , the c o u rts s h o u ld defe rt o the i nform ed di s cr et i on of corr ect i ons offi ci al s ”) ( ci t at i on and quot at i ons o m itted).-10-

F in a lly , w e d e ter m in e w h e th e r o b v io u s, e a sya ltern a tiv e s e x ist th a t f u lly a c c o m m o d a te in m a tes ’ rig h ts a t de m i nim is co st t o v ali d p en o log ical i n terests. If s o, the r egul at i on m aynotbe r eas onabl e butan “e xagger at ed r es pons e” t o pr i s on c o n c e rn s . Thornburgh , 4 9 0 U .S . at 4 1 8 (q u o tatio n s o m itt e d ); Turne r , 482 U . S. at 9 0 . H o w e v e r, “[ t]h is is n o t a ‘ lea st re stric tiv e a ltern a tiv e ’ te st: p riso n o fficia ls do nothave t o s etup and then s hootdow n everyconce i vabl e al t ernat i ve met hod of ac comm odat i ng the cl ai m ant ’ s cons t i tut i onal compl ai nt . ” Turne r , 482 U . S. at 9 0 -9 1 . N e v e rth e les s, “ if a n in m a te c laim a n t ca n p o in t to a n a ltern a tiv e th a t f u lly a c c o m m o d a tes th e p riso n e r’s rig h ts a t de m i nim is cos tt o val i d penol ogi cal i nt er es t s , a courtm aycons i derthatas evi dence thatthe r egul at i on does nots at i s fy the r eas onabl e r el at i ons hi p s t andar d. ” Id. at91. W ith th e se p rin c ip les in m in d , w e a d d re ss e a c h a p p e a l. I I . A ppeal N o. 04- 4185 ( Jo n e s v . S a lt L a k e Co u n ty, e t a l. ) In 1 9 9 6 , Jo n e s w a s a fe d e ra l p re -tria l d e tain e e a t th e S a lt L a k e C o u n tyJa il, havi ng been i ncar cer at ed ther e s i nce D ece m ber1994. O n A ugus t30, 1996, he fi l ed s ui tagai ns tSal tL ake Count y , A ar on K ennar d ( the C ountySher i ff) , Paul C u n n ing h am (th e C o u n tyJail ’s ca p tai n ), an d Jo h n M errick (the C o u n tyJail ’s l i eutenant) chall eng i ng the jai l ’s po l i ci es r egardi ng i nm at e access t o n ew spapers, m agaz i nes , cat al ogs , t echni cal publ i cat i ons , s exual l yexpl i ci tm at er i al and paperback books underthe Fi r s tand Four t eenth A m endment s of the U ni t ed St at es C o n s titu tio n . T h e m a g is tr a te re c o m m e n d e d d is m is s a l o f J o n e s ’ c o m p la in t.-11-

B eca us e J ones w as no l ongeran i nm at e atthe j ai l atthe t i m e of the r eportand r ecomm endat i on, the magi s tr at e conc l uded hi s cl ai m s fordecl ar at oryand i nj unct i ve r el i ef w er e moot . H e al s o det erm i ned ( r el evantt o J ones ’ appea l ) : ( 1) th e jail’s b a n o n se x u a llye x p licit m a ter ial is n o t u n c o n stitu tio n a l b e c a u se it i s r at i onal l yr el at ed t o the goal s of pr i s on s ecur i tyand i nm at e r ehabi l i t at i on, ( 2) the j ai l ’ s ban on pape rback books i s notuncons t i tut i onal beca us e i tcont ai ns an exce pt i on forbooks s entdi r ect l yfr om the publ i s herand al l ow s i nm at es t o r ece i ve books fr om the j ai l l i br aryand ( 3) the j ai l ’ s ban on ca t al ogs i s not u n c o n stitu tio n a l. J o n e s a g re e d h is c la im s fo r d e c la ra to ry a n d inju n c tiv e re lie f w e re m o o t. H ow ever , he obj ect ed t o the magi s tr at e’ s r emai ni ng concl us i ons adopt ed bythe d istric t co u rt. O n a p p e a l, Jo n e s c h a llen g e s th e c o n stitu tio n a lityo f th e C o u n ty Jai l ’s regul at i on s r egardi ng (1) sexuall yexp l i ci tm at eri al / t echn i cal pu bli cat i on s, ( 2) paperback books and ( 3) cat al ogs . H e cl ai m s thes e r egul at i ons i nfr i nged on h is c o n stitu tio n a l rig h ts d u rin g h is in c a rc e ra tio n a t th e jail a n d h e is e n tit led to m o n e t a ry d a m a g e s fo rth a ti n f r i n g e m e n t . W e a d d r e s s e a c h r e g u l a t i o n s e p a r a t e l y. A . Sexual l yE xpl i ci tM at er i al / T echni cal Publ i cat i ons O n Ju n e 1 1 , 1 9 9 5 , Jo n e s filed a g rie v a n c e sta tin g h e w ish e d to su b sc rib e to several m agazines. H e re q u ested jai l perso n n el t o ind icate w h ich m ag az ines w ere notal l ow ed and t o pr ovi de hi m the j ai l ’ s pol i cyconce rni ng i ncomi ng p u b lica tio n s. O n Ju n e 1 3 , 1 9 9 5 , L ieu ten a n t M e rric k re sp o n d e d to Jo n e s’ r e q u e st,-12-

grant i ng i tas t o N at i on al G eog raphi c, N ew sw eek, U . S . N ew s, R eader’s D i gest and N ew E r a butdeny i ng i tas t o Pl ayboy , E as yr i der , I n the W i nd, T att oo, P e n th o u se , S o ld ier o f F o rtu n e , G u n s-n -A m m o , C o m b a t A u to a n d M o th e r E a rth N ew s . I tal s o r efe rr ed J ones t o the j ai l ’ s pol i cyr egar di ng publ i cat i ons and att ache d thatpol i cy . O n J une 20, 1995, J ones r eques t ed a mor e det ai l ed e x p lan a tio n o f

th e jail’s g u id e lin e s o n in flam m a to ry , tec h n ica l an d se x u a lly expl i ci tm at er i al s . T he nextday , L i eut enantM err i ck r es ponded, “W hi l e I a p p r e c i a t e y o u ri n p u ty o u h a v e r e c e i v e d th e p o l i c yy o u r e q u e s t e d . ” ( R. A p p e lla n t’ s A p p . V o l. 1 a t 2 3 5 .) T he j ai l ’ s pol i cyi n effectatthe t i m e of J ones ’ r eques tw as Speci al O r der N o. 94- 14. Som et i m e betw een J une 1994 and J une 1995, Speci al O r der94- 14 w as in co rpo rated into the S altL ak e C o u n tyM etro Ja il P o li cy& P roc ed u re M a n u a l. T h is m a n u a l sta tes in re lev a n t p a rt: ( 10) Publ i cat i ons ( a) Pr i s oner s w i l l be al l ow ed r eadi ng m at er i al s s ubj ectt o r es tr i ct i ons con si st ent w i th Jai l securi tycon cerns. ( b) M agaz i nes and/ ornew s paper s w i l l onl ybe ac cept ed w hen mai l ed d ir ec tl yfro m the p u b li sh er. ( c) Publ i cat i ons perm i t t ed (I ) M agazines m eet i ng po l i cygu i deli nes. (i i ) N ew spapers. ( d) Publ i cat i ons notperm i t t edD a v id H a n so n , the C o u n tyJa il’s m a il cle rk , als o d e fin e d “ se x u a lly 6 e x p l i c i tma t e r i a l ” a s p h o t o g r a p h i c r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f b r e a s t s a n d g e n i t a l s . He d e fin e d tec h n ica l p u b lica tio n s a s th o se o rie n ted to w a rd v io len c e b u t ad m itt e d h is u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f

t e c h n i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n s ma y“ n e e d s o me u p g r a d i n g . ” ( R. A p p e lla n t’ s A p p . V o l. 1 a t 2 2 9 .) -13-

(I ) C al end ars , free sam ples , sw eepst ake type ap pli cat i on form s, and/ oranyotherj unk m ai l w i l l be r efus ed ordi s car ded. ( i i ) C at al ogs , t echni cal publ i cat i ons , and/ oranys or tof se x u a llye x p licit m a ter ial. (R . A p p e lla n t’ s A p p . V o l. 1 a t 2 0 2 .) L i eut enantM err i ck t es t i fi ed the pol i cym anual di d notdefi ne “c ons i s t ent w ith Ja il se c u rityc o n c e rn s,” “ c a talo g s,” “ tec h n ica l p u b lica tio n s” o r “ se x u a lly e x p licit m a ter ial.” A lth o u g h th e re w e re n o w ritten d e fin iti o n s, h e sta ted “ se x u a lly expl i ci tm at er i al ” meantpi ctur es of “br eas t s and geni t al s ” and “ t echni cal pu bli cat i on s” m eant r eading m at eri al con t ai ning “i nfo rm at i on on w eapo ns, es cape s , how t o m ake a l cohol , how t o hi de contr aband, [and] how t o m ove co n tr ab an d . ” (R . A p p ell an t’ s A p p . V o l. 1 at 20 5 , 2 2 0 , 2 2 7 . ) 6 J ones ar gues the C ountyJ ai l ’ s ban on s exual l yexpl i ci tm at er i al and t echni cal publ i cat i ons i s uncons t i tut i onal bas ed on i t s us e of va gue and ge ner al t erm s . Speci fi cal l y , he cont ends the pol i cydoes notdefi ne “t echni cal p u b lica tio n s,” “ se x u a llye x p licit m a ter ial” o r “ c o n sis ten t w ith Ja il se c u rity con cerns. ” H e al so argues i tdo es not pr ov i de an ycri t eri a for j ai l offi ci al s t o u se w hen appl y i ng thi s pol i cy . H e cl ai m s s uch vague and unw r i t t en rul es gr antpr i s on o fficia ls u n b rid led d isc re tio n to re f u se c e rta in re a d in g m a ter ials b a se d o n th e irT h e S e c o n d C i r c u i td o e s n o ta p p l y Turne rt o ja ilre g u latio n s, lim iti n g it t o 7 pr is on re g u la tio n s . S e e Iq b a l v. Ha sty , 4 9 0 F . 3 d 1 4 3 , 1 7 0 -72 (2d C ir . 2 0 0 7 ); Shai n v. E l l is on , 27 3 F . 3d 56 , 65 (2d C i r. 20 01 ). W e, as w el l as ot her ci rcui t s, have notm ade s uch di s t i nct i on and have r out i nel yappl i ed Turne rto jail re g u la tio n s . See , e. g. , Ma u ro v . A rp a io , 1 8 8 F . 3 d 1 0 5 4 , 1 0 5 8 -59 (9th C ir . 1 9 9 9 ); B a r n ey v P u ls ip h e r, 1 4 3 F .3 d 1 2 9 9 , 1 3 1 3 n .1 7 (1 0 th C ir. 1 9 9 8 ); B edf or d v. Shar

p, 120 F. 3d 270, N o. 96- 6230, 1997 W L 413166, at*1- 2 ( 10th C i r . J ul y23, 1997) (un p u b li sh ed ); Si ddi qiv. Leak , 880 F. 2d 904, 908- 10 ( 7th C i r . 1989) . T he part i es have notar gued otherw i s e. L ieu ten a n t M e rric k tes tifie d : “W e h a v e a fa ir a m o u n t o f se x u a l as sa u lts 8 that o cc u r i n jai l al rea d y , an d sex u all yex p li citm aterial m ayinflam e a p ri so n er, exci t e a pr i s oner , perhaps as s aul tanotherpr i s oner , for ce hi m t o per form a s ex ac t. ” (R . A p p ell an t’ s A p p . V o l. 1 at 22 3 . ) -14- ow n i nt erpr et at i on of thes e t erm s . H e al l eges thi s cons t i tut es pr i orr es tr ai ntand runs the r i s k of uncons t i tut i onal cens or s hi p. I n s uppor tof thi s ar gum ent , J ones ci t es C i t y of Lakew ood v. P lai n D eal erP ubl ’g C o. , 486 U . S. 750 ( 1988) , and C or nel i us v. N

A A CP LegalD ef

. & Educ. Fund, Inc. , 4 7 3 U .S . 7 8 8 (1 9 8 5 ). J ones ’ r el i ance on C i t y of Lakew oodand C or nel i us i s m i spl aced. Th ese c a s e s h a v e n o a p p lic a tio n to th e p ri s o n s e ttin g . A s s ta te d a b o v e , Turne rse ts fo rth th e law fo r d e ter m in in g th e c o n stitu tio n a lityo f a p riso n re g u latio n a n d th e C o u n ty J ai l ’ s pol i cybanni ng r ece i ptof “s exual l yexpl i ci tm at er i al ” and “ t echni cal pu bli cat i on s” sat i sfi es Turne r . 7 T he j ai l ’ s ban on i nm at e ac ces s t o “s exual l yexpl i ci tm at er i al ” and “t echni cal publ i cat i ons ” i s expr es s l yai m ed atadvanc i ng j ai l s ecur i tyand the ban on “s exual l yexpl i ci tm at er i al ” al s o pr ot ect s the s afe tyof j ai l per s onnel and other in m a te s . P ri s o n s e c u ri ty an d s a fe ty ar e le g itim a te g o v e rn m e n ta l o bje c tiv e s . See

8In h is b rie f, Jo n e s a lleg e s C a p tain G lad tes tifie d th e b a n o n “ se x u a lly 9 expl i ci tm at er i al ” i ncl uded w r i t t en des cr i pt i ons of s exual act s orconduct . T he recor d reference for this st at em ent i s Jones’ repl yt o the C ou ntyD efen dan t s’ re s p o n s e to h is o bje c tio n s to th e m a g is tr a te ’s re p o rt a n d re c o m m e n d a tio n . Be c a u s e J o n e s fa i l e d t o i n c l u d e a tr a n s c r i p to f Gl a d ’ s t e s t i mo n yi n th e r e c o r d , we decl i ne t o cons i deri t . I tappea r s otherpot ent i al l yr el evantand hel pful t es t i m ony a n d trial c o u rt d o c u m e n ts c o n c e rn in g th e se a p p e a ls c o u ld h a v e b e e n , b u t w a s n o t, i ncluded i n the part i es’ app end i ces. B ecause the part i es fai l ed to i nclude t hese ite m s , w e w ill n o t c o n s id e r t h e m in o u r d is c u s s io n . See 10 TH C IR . R . 30. 1( A ) ( 3) (“ T h e c o u rt n e e d n o t re m e d ya n yfa ilu re o f c o u n se l to p ro v id e a n a d e q u a te ap p en d ix.”). -15- Thornburgh , 490 U . S. at415 ( pr i s on s ecur i tyi s a l egi t i m at e governm ent al p u rp o se “ c e n tra l to a ll o th e r c o rre c tio n s g o a ls” ) (q u o tatio n s o m itt e d ); Maur o v. A rp a io , 188 F. 3d 1054, 1059 ( 9th C i r . 1999) ( “[T] her e i s no doubtthatpr ot ect i ng the s afe tyof guar ds i n gener al i s a l egi t i m at e i nt er es t , and thatr educi ng s exual harass m ent i n p art i cular. . . i s l egit i m at e. ”). T he b an is rat i on al l yrel at ed to these obj ect i ves . Fur ther , des pi t e the ban on “ s exual l yexpl i ci tm at er i al ” and “ t echni cal publ i cat i ons , ” the j ai l ’ s r egul at i ons al l ow a br oad r ange of publ i cat i ons t o ent er th e fa c ility. Thornburgh , 4 9 0 U .S . at 4 1 8 (“ A s th e re g u latio n s a t issu e . . . p e rm it a br oad r ange of

publ i cat i ons t o be s ent , r ece i ved, and r ead, [the s econd Turne r fac t or ] i s cl ear l ys at i s fi ed. ”) . I ndeed, the ban on “ s exual l yexpl i ci tm at er i al ” does not pr ohi bi t s exual l y expl i ci t pr os e or pi ctur es of cl othed w om en/m en. Mau ro , 9 188 F. 3d at1061 ( fi ndi ng s econd Turne rfa c to r m e t w h e re p riso n re g u latio n d id n o t b a n se x u a llye x p licit lette rs b e tw e e n in m a tes a n d o th e rs o r se x u a llye x p licit a rticle s o r p h o to g ra p h s o f c lo th e d fe m a les ). M o re o v e r, to a llo w in m a tes to pos s es s “s exual l yexpl i ci tm at er i al ” and “ t echni cal publ i cat i ons ” conc erni ngL ieu ten a n t M e rric k tes tifie d in m a tes c a n o b tain b o o k s f ro m th e jail 10 li b raryas w ell as th e S altL ak e C o u n tyL ibraryS y stem . H o w ev er, th e jail ’s lib ra ri a n te s tifie d in m a te s c a n n o t r e c e iv e b o o k s f ro m th e C o u n ty L ib ra ry S y s te m . J o n e s a d mi t t e d th e j a i l ’ s l i b r a r i a n o b t a i n e d s p e c i fi c b o o k s fo rh i m. 11 -16- w e a p o n s, c o n tra b a n d a n d e sc a p e s w o u ld h a v e a sig n ifica n t im p a c t o n th e sa fe ty and s ecur i tyof pr i s on per s onnel and otheri nm at es . L as t l y , J ones poi nt s t o no al t ernat i ve thatful l yacc om m odat es hi s r i ght s w hi l e atthe s ame t i m e i m pos i ng de
m i nim is c o st to v a lid p e n o lo g ica l in ter e sts . T h e re fo re , the jail’s b a n o n “ se x u a lly e x p lic it m a te ri a l” a n d “ te c h n ic a l p u b lic a tio n s ” p a s s e s c o n s titu tio n a l m u s te r. B . Paperback books T he C ountyJ ai l pr ohi bi t s i nm at es fr om pos s es s i ng har dback books and or der i ng paperback books fr om the out s i de. J ones does notcont es tthe j ai l ’ s ban o n h a rd b a c k b o o k s . H e d o e s , h o w e v e r, c h a lle n g e th e p a p e rb a c k b o o k p o lic y . U n d e rth a tp o l i c y, i n m a t e s c a n o b t a i n p a p e rb a c k b o o k s th r o u g h th e j a i l l i b r a ry, w h ich c o n tai n s tho u san d s o f b o o k s. T h e jail li b rarian p u sh es a b o o k -l ad en ca rt 10 thro u g h the jail “[ a]s o ften as [ sh e] c an . ” (R . A p p ell an t’ s A p p . V o l. 1 at 24 1 . ) A n i nm at e i s perm i t t ed t o s el ectfourbooks fr om the ca r teac h t i m e the l i br ar i an v isits h is c e ll. (A n in m a te is a llo w e d to p o ss e ss n o m o re th a n fo u r b o o k s in h is 11 cel l atone t i m e. ) I n addi t i on t o obt ai ni ng books fr om the j ai l l i br ary , an unw r i t t en rul e al l ow s i nm at es t o s eek pe r m i s s i on t o or dera pape rback book f r om a p u b li sh er. C apt ai n G l ad t es t i fi ed s uch r eques t s w oul d be gr ant ed i f r eas onabl e, w hi ch turned on the j ai l ’ s s afe tyand s ecur i tyneeds . Speci fi cal l y , he s t at ed heI n N ovember1996, the j ai l ’ s l i br ar i an w as i n the pr oces s of cr eat i ng 12 tho se guidel i nes. -17- appr oved eve ryr eques tthatdi d notpos e a thr eatt o anotherper s on. St art i ng i n A pr i l orM ay1996, i nm at es coul d al s o obt ai n paperback books fr om the l ocal B arnes & N obl e books t or e undera “Publ i c D onat i on Pr ocedur e. ” (R . A p p e lla n t’ s A p p . V o l. 1 a t 2 3 6 .) T h e p ro c e d u re p e rm its “ in te re s te d p a rt ie s . .

. t o m ake monet arygi ft s and donat i ons of m at er i al s t o the j ai l l i br arycol l ect i ons . ” (Id. ) I t a ls o a llo w s p a rt ie s to m a k e b o o k d o n a tio n s to a s p e c ific p ri s o n e r. D onat i ons t o s peci fi c pr i s oner s ar e r equi r ed t o be pur chas ed thr ough the l ocal B arnes & N ob l e bo ok st ore and m ustm eetthe jai l l i brary ’s sel ect i on gu i deli nes. 12 O nce the book i s or der ed, the j ai l l i br ar i an pi cks up the book and de l i ver s i tt o the i nm at e. U nderthi s pol i cy , al l book donat i ons , w hethert o the j ai l l i br aryort o a s peci fi c pr i s oner , “bec om e the i m m edi at e pr opertyof the j ai l l i br ar [y ] . ” (Id. ) J o n e s c l a i ms th e j a i l ’ s p a p e rb a c k b o o k p o l i c yi s u n c o n s t i tu t i o n a l . He assert s i nm at es have a con st i tuti on al ri gh tt o p urchase bo ok s fr om pu bli shers , b o o k c lu b s a n d b o o k sto re s. H e a ss e rts th e jail’s u n w ritten a n d u n p u b liciz e d ru le “a ll o w ing so m e inm ates to p u rch ase so m e b o o k s so m e ti m es” d o es n o t com p o rt w i th the Fi r s tA m endment . ( A ppel l antJ ones ’ R epl yB r . at16. ) H e al s o cont ends the j ai l ’ s pol i cythatpaperback books pur chas ed byand s hi pped t o i nm at es fr om B a rn e s & N o b le b e c o m e th e ja il’ s p ro p e rt yv io la te s d u e p ro c e s s . I n B el lv. Wolf

ish , the Supr eme C our taddr es s ed a rul e atthe M etr opol i t an-18-

C orr ect i onal C ent er( M C C ) w hi ch perm i t t ed i nm at es t o r ece i ve har dback books f ro m o u ts id e th e in s titu tio n o n ly if th e yw e re m a ile d d ir e c tly f ro m th e p u b lis h e r, a b o o k s to re o r a b o o k c lu b , i . e. , a “publ i s her - onl yrul e. ” 441 U . S. 520, 549- 50 ( 1979) ( quot at i ons om i t t ed) . I tconcl uded the publ i s her - onl yrul e forhar dback b o o k s d id n o t v io la te th e F ir s t A m e n d m e n t. Id. at550. A l though Turne rhad not y e t b e e n d e c id e d , th e C o u rt e s s e n tia lly a p p lie d its fa c to rs . Id. at550- 51. I ts t at ed the rul e w as a r at i onal r es pons e t o an obvi ous s ecur i typr obl em as ha r dback books coul d be us ed t o s m uggl e contr aband i nt o the pr i s on, ar e har d t o s ear ch effect i vel yand al l ow ance of them from anys our ce w oul d i m pos e an a d m in is tr a tiv e b u rd e n o n p ri s o n s ta ff to c a re f u lly in s p e c t e a c h b o o k . Id
. at550- 51. T he C our tal s o cons i der ed the fol l ow i ng fac t or s : ( 1) the rul e oper at es i n a n e u tr a l fa s h i o n wi th o u tr e g a r d t o th e c o n t e n to f th e e x p r e s s i o n ; ( 2 ) th e b r i e f t e r ms of conf i nementform os ti nm at es atthe fa ci l i ty( w hi ch w as m ai nl ya pr e- tr i al det ent i on cent er ) ; and ( 3) i nm at es had al t ernat i ve means of obt ai ni ng r eadi ng m at eri al , speci fi cal l y , (a) hardba ck b oo ks cou l d b e recei ved from pu bli shers , books t or es and book cl ubs , ( b) m agaz i nes and pape rback books coul d be obt ai ned fr om anys our ce a nd ( c) the fa ci l i tyhad a r el at i vel yl ar ge l i br aryforus e by in m a te s . Id. at551- 52. W hi l e B ell ’s hol di ng i s l i m i t ed t o har dback books , s ever al ci r cui t s have ext ended i tt o paperback books and magazi nes . Forexampl e, i n K i nes v. D ay , the Fi r s tC i r cui taddr es s ed a pr i s on rul e al l ow i ng i nm at es t o r ece i ve new s paper s and-19-

har dback a nd paperback books onl yfr om a book cl ub, books t or e ornew s s t or e but al l ow ed the s uper i nt endentof the pr i s on t o perm i tvi s i t or s t o br i ng i n paperback books . 754 F. 2d 28, 29 ( 1s tC i r . 1985) . R el y i ng on B e ll , the courtuphel d the ru le . Id. a t 2 9 -3 0 . W h ile re c o g n izin g th a t B e llcon si dered o nlyhardba ck b oo ks, the co urtcon cl ud ed m anyof the securi tyi ssues posed b yhardba ck b oo ks al so a p p lie d to p a p e rb a c k b o o k s . Id. at30. I tal s o det erm i ned i nm at es had al t ernat i ve m eans of obt ai ni ng r eadi ng m at er i al , i n part i cul ar , the pr i s on had a l i br aryw i th an i nt er - l i br aryl oan pr ocedur e and the r egul at i on i t s el f pr ovi ded an e xcept i on for v is ito rs . Id. ; see a lso Wa rdv. Wa sh tena w C o u n ty Sh erif f’s D ep ’t , 881 F. 2d 325, 3 2 8 -30 (6th C ir . 1 9 8 9 ) (up h o lding p u b li sh er-o n lyrule a s ap p li ed to m ag az ines ); Hu r dv . Wi l l i a ms , 7 5 5 F .2 d 3 0 6 , 3 0 7 -0 9 (3 d C ir. 1 9 8 5 ) (u p h o ld in g p u b lish e r-o n ly rul e as appl i ed t o new s paper s , per i odi cal s and pape rback books w her e pl ai nt i ff fa iled to re f

u te w a rd e n ’s a ffid a v it j u stif y in g ru le) ; C otton v. L ockh art , 620 F. 2d 670, 671 ( 8th C i r . 1980) ( uphol di ng publ i s her - onl yrul e as appl i ed t o har dback a n d p a p e rb a c k b o o k s, m a g a z in e s a n d n e w sp a p e rs) ; b u t se e Ke e n a n v . Ha ll , 83 F .3 d 1 0 8 3 , 1 0 9 3 (9 th C ir. 1 9 9 6 ) (s u g g e stin g a p u b lish e r-o n lyru le a s a p p lied to b o o k s, m a g a z in e s a n d n e w sp a p e rs m a yv io late th e F irst A m e n d m e n t); P r at tv. Sum ner , 807 F. 2d 817, 819- 20 ( 9th C i r . 1986) ( fi ndi ng pr i s oner ’ s compl ai nt chal l engi ng pr i s on’ s publ i s her - onl yrul e forpaperback a nd har dback books w as n o t fri v o lou s). We c o n c l u d e th e Co u n tyJ a i l ’ s p a p e rb a c k b o o k p o l i c y , wh i c h a l l o wsT he fa ctthe j ai l ’ s publ i s her - onl ypaperback book pol i cyw as unw r i t t en 13 and unpubl i ci zed i s i rr el evantt o ouranal y s i s . W e have found no ca s es , and J ones poi nt s t o none, r equi r i ng pr i s on r egul at i ons t o be w r i t t en and publ i ci zed i n or der t o m eetcons t i tut i onal r equi r ement s . R ather , the cons t i tut i onal i tyof a pr i s on r egul at i on, w hetherw r i t t en, unw r i t t en, publ i ci zed orunpubl i ci zed, i s governed by Turne r . I ndeed, w e and otherci r cui t s have appl i ed Turne rt o unw r i t t en pr i s on p o lic ie s a n d o th e r p ri s o n a c tio n s . S e e Fra zie r v . D u b o is , 9 2 2 F .2 d 5 6 0 , 5 6 2 (1 0 th C i r . 1990) ( “A l though Turne raddr es s es pr i s on rul es and r egul at i ons , w e s ee no r eas on w hythe Turne rpr i nci pl e s houl d notappl yt o otherpr i s on act i ons , s uch as th e tra n sfe r h e re .”); s ee als o Vi ctor i a W. v. Larpe nt er , 369 F. 3d 475, 479, 483- 86 ( 5th C i r . 2004) ( appl y i ng Turne rt o unw r i t t en pr i s on pol i cyr equi r i ng i nm at es w ho w ish to o b tai n an elec ti v e m ed ical pro ce d u re to o b tai n a c o u rto rde r); Shi m erv. Was hi ngt on , 100 F. 3d 506, 508- 10 ( 7th C i r . 1996) ( appl y i ng Turne rt o unw r i t t en p o li cyp roh ibit ing p ri so n em p loy ee s fro m w ri ti n g P ri so n R ev iew B o ard d ir ec tl y ); C ornw el lv. D ah l berg , 963 F. 2d 912, 917 ( 6th C i r . 1992) ( not i ng Turne r“has b e e n a p p lied to u n w ritten p riso n p o licie s a s w e ll as p riso n re g u latio n s” ); c .f. Faus t i n v. C i t

y & C ount

y of D enve r, C ol o. , 4 2 3 F . 3 d 1 1 9 2 , 1 1 9 6 n . 1 (10 th C ir . 2005) ( “O urpr ece dental l ow s [Fi r s tA m endment ] fac i al chal l enges t o unw r i t t en p o li cies.”). -20- i nm at es t o obt ai n paperback books fr om the j ai l l i br aryand, w i th perm i s s i on, the publ i s her , i s r at i onal l yr el at ed t o the l egi t i m at e governm ent al obj ect i ve of pr i s on s ecur i ty . A l l ow i ng i nm at es t o pur chas e pape rback books onl yfr om the

13 publ i s herpr event s contr aband f r om bei ng s m uggl ed i nt o the j ai l and l es s ens the admi ni s tr at i ve bur den on j ai l per s onnel w ho m us ti ns pecteac h book. I nm at es a lso h a v e a ltern a tiv e m e a n s o f o b tain in g re a d in g m a ter ial b e c a u se th e yc a n o b tain b o o k s f ro m th e jail lib ra rya n d a re p e rm itt e d to h a v e n e w sp a p e rs a n d c e rta in m agaz i nes . A ft erA pr i l / M ay1996, i nm at es coul d al s o r ece i ve donat ed books f ro m th e lo c a l B a rn e s & N o b le b o o k sto re . T h e fa c t th e se b o o k s a u to m a tica lly b e c o m e th e jail’s p ro p e rtyis irre lev a n t; p u rc h a se rs a re w a rn e d th e b o o k s w ill autom at i cal l ybeco m e j ai l property , w hich i s consi st ent w i th the facti ti s aBe c a u s e b o o k s p u r c h a s e d f r o m Ba rn e s & N o b l e a u t o ma t i c a l l yb e c o me 14 j ai l pr operty , the i nm at es do nothave a pr opertyi nt er es ti n the books . T her efor e, d u e p ro c e s s is n o t im p lic a te d a n d J o n e s ’ d u e p ro c e s s a rg u m e n t fa ils . See L a n c a s te rv . In d e

p . Sc h . D is t. No . 5 , 1 4 9 F .3 d 1 2 2 8 , 1 2 3 4 (1 0 th C ir . 1 9 9 8 ). -21- donat i on pol i cy . T he j ai l ’ s paperback book pol i cyal s o s at i s fi es the thi r d and 14 fourth Turne rfac t or s . T o al l ow i nm at es t o pos s es s paperback books fr om nonpubl i s her s w oul d have a s i gni fi canti m pacton j ai l r es our ces . L as t l y , w e s ee no in d ic a tio n th e p o lic yis a n “ e x a g g e ra te d re s p o n s e ” to th e ja il’ s c o n c e rn s . T h e C o u n tyJa il’s p a p e rb a c k b o o k p o licyis c o n stitu tio n a l. C . C at al ogs A s s t at ed above , the C ountyJ ai l bans al l cat al ogs . L i eut enantM err i ck t e s t i fi e d c a t a l o g s a r e b a n n e d fo r“ s p a c e , h e a l th a n d s a fe ty ” r e a s o n s . ( R. A p p e llan t’s A p p . V o l. 1 a t 2 2 0 .) Jo n e s a rg u e s th e jail’s c a talo g b a n is uncons t i tut i onal as i tfurther s no l egi t i m at e penol ogi cal i nt er es tand anys uch i nt er es tcoul d be ac compl i s hed w i th l es s r es tr i ct i ve al t ernat i ves s uch as m aki ng s e l e c tr e t a i l c a t a l o g s a v a i l a b l e t o i n ma t e s o ra l l o wi n g th e m t o r e q u e s tth e m. He al s o cl ai m s ther e s houl d atl eas tbe an e xcept i on forcat al ogs offe r i ng r eadi ng m at er i al s s o i nm at es can or derr eadi ng m at er i al s fr om the out s i de. R el y i ng on B e rg e r v . Wh ite , an unpubl i s hed ca s e, and w i thoutconduct i ng a Turne ranal y s i s , the magi s tr at e conc l uded a ba n on cat al ogs fai l ed t o r ai s e an i s s ue of c ons t i tut i onal m agni tude. 12 Fed. A pp. 768 ( 10th C i r . 2001) ( unpubl i s hed) . T he di s tr i ctcourtadopt ed thi s concl us i on. I n B erger , the pl ai nt i ff-22-

al l eged j ai l empl oy ees vi ol at ed hi s Fi r s tA m endmentr i ght s byr eturni ng a ca t al og t o th e s e n d e ro n th e g r o u n d i twa s n o tp r e - a p p r o v e d . We c o n c l u d e d : “ [ A]

‘ compl ai ntaboutundel i ver ed ca t al ogues fai l s t o r ai s e an i s s ue of c ons t i tut i onal m agni tude. ’ ” Id. at771 ( quot i ng Sm i th v. Mas chner , 8 9 9 F . 2 d 9 4 0 , 9 4 4 (10 th C ir . 1 9 9 0 )); s ee als o Fos t erv. Nels on , 153 F. 3d 727, N o. 98- 3069, 1998 W L 422030, a t * 1 (1 0 th C ir. 1 9 9 8 ) (u n p u b lish e d ) (rejec tin g in m a tes ’ c laim th a t p riso n o fficia ls v io late d h is F irst a n d F o u rte e n th A m e n d m e n t rig h ts b yfa ili n g to d e liv e r c e rta in comm er ci al cat al ogs fea tur i ng aut om ot i ve r aci ng and ai rpl ane pa r t s w hi ch had b ee n sen t t o h im in the m ail ). A t fir s t b lu s h , B erger , Sm ith and Fos t erm ays eem t o s uppor tthe j ai l ’ s t ot al ban on ca t al ogs . H ow ever , none of them i nvol ved a c hal l enge t o a pr i s on r egul at i on and none appl i ed Turne r . R ather , thes e ca s es w er e l i m i t ed t o a pr i s on offi ci al ’ s one- t i m e fa i l ur e t o del i vercat al ogs t o an i nm at e. H er e, J ones i s not chal l engi ng the cons t i tut i onal i tyof the C ountyJ ai l ’ s fai l ur e t o del i verm ai l but r atherthe cons t i tut i onal i tyof i t s m ai l r egul at i ons . T hus , thes e ca s es do not contr ol and a Turne ra n a lysis is n e c e s s a ry. Itap p ea rs Jo n es h as n o t m et his b u rde n u n d er Turner to es tablish the jai l’ s c a ta lo g b a n is u n c o n s titu tio n a l. See Wi rs chi ng v. C ol or ado , 360 F. 3d 1191, 1200 ( 10th C i r . 2004) ( not i ng thatthe bur den i s noton the s t at e t o pr ove the val i di tyof a pr i s on r egul at i on, butr atheron the pr i s onert o di s pr ove i t ) . “Space , heal th andL ieu ten a n t M e rric k d id n o t ela b o ra te o n th e m e a n in g o f “ sp a c e , h e a lth 15 and s afe ty . ” I tappea r s C apt ai n C unni ngham subm i t t ed an a ffi davi texpoundi ng on the j ai l ’ s j us t i fi cat i ons forthe ca t al og ban. H ow ever , thi s aff i davi tw as not in c lu d e d in th e a p p e llate re c o rd a n d w e d e c lin e to c o n sid e r it. O urcas e l aw i s nott o the contr ary . I n A l l en v. D eland , fo re x a mp l e , we 16 uphel d a pr i s on r egul at i on thatpr ohi bi t ed pr i s oner s fr om r ece i vi ng m ai l - or der -23- sa fe ty ” a re leg iti m a te a n d n e u tra l p e n o lo g ica l in ter e sts a n d th e c a talo g b a n is

15
r at i onal l yr el at ed t o thos e i nt er es t s — thes e fa ct or s w ei gh i n favorof the co n sti tuti o n ali tyo f th e b an . Jo n es m ak es n o m en ti o n o f e ith er the sec o n d o r th ir d Turner fa c to rs— w h e th e r th e re is a n a ltern a tiv e m e a n s o f e x e rc isin g h is rig h t to recei ve p ri nted m at eri al s and the i m pact of acco m m od at i ng the ri gh ton gu ards, otheri nm at es , and j ai l r es our ces . R egar di ng the fourth Turner fac t or , J ones does m ent i on a fe w al t ernat i ves t o a t ot al ban, butnow her e does he pr ovi de evi dence th a tth e s e a l t e rn a t i v e s c o m e w i th o n l y de m i nim us c o sts to th e in ter e sts o f jail admi ni s tr at or s and guar ds . Forexampl e, J ones m ent i ons thatone al t ernat i ve w oul d be t o perm i tan i nm at e t o pos s es s onl yone ca t al og ata t i m e and a s cr eeni ng pr oces s coul d be us ed t o enfor ce the rul e. B utJ ones fai l s t o ar gue— l et al one pr ovi de evi dence

— thats uch a s cr eeni ng pr oces s w oul d notundul ybur den j ai l r es our ces . Si m i l ar l y , J ones s ugges t s the j ai l coul d al l ow i nm at es t o s eek p e rm iss io n to o b tain a c a talo g . A g a in , h o w e v e r, th is w o u ld re q u ire o fficia ls to cons i ders uch r eques t s on a ca s e- by - cas e bas i s and J ones does notoffe rany e v i d e n c e o ra r g u m e n tth a ts u c h a p r o c e s s m i g h tb e i m p l e m e n t e d w i th o n l y de
m i nim us c o sts . T h e se o b se rv a tio n s a sid e , the d istric t co u rt d id n o t co n d u c t a 16c a talo g s. 4 2 F .3 d 1 4 0 6 , N o . 9 4 -4 0 6 7 , 1 9 9 4 W L 5 9 3 9 1 7 , at * 1 -2 (1 0 th C ir. O c t.

26, 1994) ( unpubl i s hed) . I n m aki ng thi s det erm i nat i on, w e conc l uded: ( 1) the pr ohi bi t i on s erved a l egi t i m at e i nt er es tand ( 2) otheral t ernat i ves exi s t ed that a llo w e d in m a te s to re c e iv e p ri n te d m a te ri a l. Id. B utw e di d nothol d thatthe p ro h ib iti o n w o u ld h a v e b e e n u n c o n stitu tio n a l bu tf or the exi s t ence of other al t ernat i ves . Si m i l ar l y , i n D ixon v. K i r by , the S o u th e rn D istric t o f W e st V irg in ia al s o concl uded thata pr ohi bi t i on on i nm at es r ece i vi ng cat al ogs pas s ed co n sti tuti o n al m u ster un d er Turne r . 2 1 0 F . S u p p . 2 d 7 9 2 , 7 9 4 , 8 0 0 - 0 1 ( S . D . W. V a. 20 0 2 ). In th at ca se, ea ch o f th e fo u r Turner fac t or s w ei ghed i n favorof the s t at e, w i th the courtnot i ng thatthe pr i s on pr ovi ded an a l t ernat e met hod of re c e iv in g c a ta lo g s b e c a u s e c a ta lo g s w e re a v a ila b le a t th e c o m m is s a ry. Id. at800- 01. A gai n, how ever , the courtdi d notconcl ude thatthe exi s t ence of an al t ernat i ve per se val i dat ed the r egul at i on, nordi d i tconcl ude thatthe r egul at i on w o u ld h a v e b e e n u n c o n stitu tio n a l h a d p riso n o fficia ls n o t m a d e c a talo g s a v a ilab le atthe comm i s s ary . I ti s J ones ’ s bur den t o es t abl i s h the uncons t i tut i onal i tyof the j ai l ’ s cat al og ban, and al though he has poi nt ed t o a fe w al t ernat i ves t o the ban, he has notdemonstr at ed thatthe al t ernat i ves coul d be ea s i l yi m pl ement ed and he has notm eani ngful l yaddr es s ed the otherthr ee Turner fact ors. -24- Turne ra n a lysis a n d it s h o u ld b e a ffo rd e d th a t o p p o rt u n ity in th e fir s t in s ta n c e . T her efor e, w e r emand t o the di s tr i ctcourtt o eval uat e the j ai l ’ s cat al og ban under Turne r . I I I . A ppeal N o. 04- 4186 (Pr is one r ’s Leg alNe ws v. Haun , e t a l. ) PL N i s a non- pr ofi tW as hi ngt on corpor at i on w hi ch publ i s hes and di s tr i but es Pr i s on L egal N ew s , a mont hl ym agaz i ne cont ai ni ng new s art i cl es re g a rd in g in m a te litig a tio n , in c lu d in g litig a tio n tr e n d s a n d re c e n t c o u rt d e c is io n s . A s a non- pr ofi tor gani zat i on, PL N has been gr ant ed I . R . S. § 501( c) ( 3) s t atus by th e In te rn a l R e v e n u e S e rv ic e . See 26 U . S. C . § 501( c) . B as ed on thats t atus , the U ni t ed St at es Post al Ser vi ce ha s author i zed PLN t o s end i t s m agaz i nes us i ng the N on- Pr ofi tO r gani zat i on r at e, oft en r efe rr ed t o as bul k- r at e.-25-

I n M a r c h 1 9 9 6 , s e v e r a l i s s u e s o f Pr i s o n Le g a l News wer e r e tu rn e d t o PLN f ro m th e U tah D e p a rtm e n t o f C o rre c tio n s (U D O C ) m a rk e d “ R e tu rn to S en d er/C o n tents N o t A u tho ri ze d ” a n d stam p ed “R E F U S E D . ” (R . A p p ell an t’ s A pp. V ol . 2 at623. ) PL N w r ot e t o the U D O C conce rni ng the pr obl em. A tthe bot t om of thi s l ett er , i tw r ot e “c c: J as on C ohen #23651. ” (Id. ) O n A pr i l 17, 1 9 9 6 , B ry an t H erm an , the U D O C ’s M ail /Pro p ertyS u p erv isor, resp o n d ed to P L N ’s lette r. T h is le tter s tate d in re lev a n t p a rt: I w il l add ress the issue s sp ec ifi c to in m ate C o h en b ec au se I d o n ’t have othernames t o r es ear ch thos e ca s es i ndi vi dual l y . Fory our m onthl ym agaz i ne t o be r efus ed, i tw oul d have t o [have ] been s ent bul k r at e mai l . G ener al l y , bul k r at e mai l i s notacc ept ed. I f y our m agaz i ne w as s entbul k r at e mai l and/ or“A ddr es s C orr ect i on R eques t ed” t o the D r aperFaci l i tyand the i nm at e hous ed w as atthe G unni s on Faci l i ty( C ohen i s hous ed atthe G unni s on Faci l i ty ) , the m agaz i ne w oul d have be en r eturned t o the s ender . T he U S Post al S e rv ic e w ill n o t fo rw a rd B u lk R a te m a il . . . . T o avoi d anyfurtherpr obl ems, y ou m ayw i s h t o s end y ourm agaz i nes so m e o th e r w a yth a n b u lk ra te m a il. (Id. ) In e a rly1 9 9 8 , W a lter T h o m a s, a n in m a te a t th e U tah S tate P riso n in D rap er, U tah, rece ived a p aid s u b scripti o n fo r P ri so n L eg al N ew s. O n F eb rua ry 26, 1998, the M ar ch 1998 edi t i on of Pr i s on L egal N ew s w as m ai l ed t o T hom as at th e p r i s o n . T h o ma s n e v e rr e c e i v e d i ta n d i twa s n e v e rr e tu rn e d t o P L N. On M a rc h 1 9 , 1 9 9 8 , the A p ril 1 9 9 8 e d iti o n o f P riso n L e g a l N e w s w a s m a iled to Th o ma s a tth e p r i s o n . I twas r e tu rn e d t o PLN s t a mpe d : “ RETU RN TO S E NDE R, ” “ BU L K R AT E M AI L NOT AC CE P T E D AT UT S T AT E P RI S ON”O therpr i s oner s w i th s ubs cr i pt i ons t o Pr i s on L egal N ew s have a l s o not 17 r ece i ved ce r t ai n i s s ues . R oyD on J uan D r oddyand R i char d Sw artw er e t o r ece i ve Pr i s on L egal N ew s fr om N ovember1997 t o A pr i l 1998. D r oddyonl yr ece i ved the D ec em b er 1 9 9 7 an d Jan u ary1 9 9 8 ed it ion s; Sw art ne v er rec eive d the F eb rua ry 1998 edi t i on. A ar on L ee Curt i s and Eri c Lee Pi perdi d notr ece i ve thei rM ay 1998 edi t i ons of Pr i s on L egal N ew s . T heyw er e r eturned t o PL N bear i ng s t amps s i m i l art o thos e appe ar i ng on T hom as ’ A pr i l 1998 edi t i on. A ccor di ng t o G al etka, C ur t i s and Pi perdi d notr ece i ve the M ay1998 edi t i ons beca us e theyw er e no l ongerhous ed atthe St at e Pr i s on and had notbeen ther e s i nce 1991 a nd 1993, r es pect i vel y . B eca us e the U ni t ed St at es Post al Ser vi ce a nd the St at e Pr i s on do n o t fo rw a rd b u lk -r a te m a il, th e p ri s o n m a il r o o m re tu rn e d th e m a g a z in e s to P L N . -26- a n d “ R E F U S E D .” (R . A p p e lla n t’ s A p p . V o l. 2 a t 5 5 8 .) A cc o rdin g to K erry G al etka, the St at e Pr i s on’ s m ai l uni ts upervi s ors i nce 1991, the pr i s on’ s m ai l r oom a tte m p te d to d e liv e r t h e A p ri l 1 9 9 8 e d itio n o f P ri s o n L e g a l N e w s to T h o m a s . H ow ever , the mai l r oom err oneous l yand i nadvert ent l ybel i eved Thom as w as ho used in U i ntah 5, w here i nm at es ar e no tal l ow ed to hav e subscri pti on s. 17 O n A pr i l 23, 1998, PL N and Thom as fi l ed s ui tagai ns tPet e H aun ( E xecut i ve D i r ect orof the U D O C ) , Fr ed V anderveur( D i r ect orof I ns t i tut i onal O per at i ons atthe U D O C ) and J ohn D oes I and I I , l at ernamed as H erm an and G a letk a . T h e ya lleg e d th e S tate P riso n ’s b u lk -ra te m a il reg u latio n s b e tw e e n Ju ly 30, 1987, and M ay15, 1998, vi ol at ed the Fi r s tand Four t eenth A m endment s of the U ni t ed St at es C ons t i tut i on. T he magi s tr at e r ecomm ended di s m i s s al , concl udi ng the bul k- r at e mai l r egul at i ons w er e cons t i tut i onal beca us e theyal l ow ed author i zed subscri pti on s und er the p ub l i sher- on l yrul e and no n-profi tm ai l i ng s. H e al so found Thom as ’ cl ai m s coul d be di s m i s s ed forfai l ur e t o exhaus thi s admi ni s tr at i ve r emedi es . PL N and Thom as conce ded Thom as ’ fede r al cl ai m s coul d be di s m i s s edIn th e d istric t co u rt, P L N re fe rre d to th re e b u lk -ra te m a il reg u latio n s in 18 effectbetw een J ul y30, 1987, and M ay15, 1998: ( 1) the r egul at i on i n effectfr om J ul y30, 1987, t o D ece m ber16, 1997, ( 2) the r egul at i on i n effectfr om D ece m ber 17, 1997, t o February28, 1998, and ( 3) the r egul at i on i n effectfr om M ar ch 1, 19 98 , t o M ay15 , 19 98 , referred t o as E xh i bit s X , Y and Z , res pecti vely . B ecause E x h i b i t s Y a n d Z a r e , i n a l l r e l e v a n tr e s p e c t s , th e s a me , we r e fe rt o two regul at i on s. -27- forfai l ur e t o exhaus t . H ow ever , PL N obj ect ed t o the magi s tr at e’ s concl us i on that the bul k- r at e mai l r egul at i ons w er e cons t i tut i onal . T he di s tr i ctcourtadopt ed the m agi s tr at e’ s r ecomm endat i on. P L N a rg u e s th e c o u rt e rro n e o u slyfo u n d th e S tate P riso n ’s b u lk -ra te m a il re g u latio n s c o n stitu tio n a l. Itc o n ten d s th e S tate P riso n in fo rm e d P L N b ylette r it w o u ld n o t d e liv e r e d iti o n s o f P riso n L e g a l N e w s if m a iled to in m a tes b yb u lk -ra te m ai l . I tal s o cl ai m s the pr i s on r ej ect ed edi t i ons of Pr i s on L egal N ew s i n 1998 sim p lyb ec au se th eyw ere m ail ed b u lk-rate w ith o u t con side ri n g w h ethe r th eyw ere author i zed s ubs cr i pt i ons . PL N ar gues the pr i s on’ s r ej ect i ons of s peci fi c edi t i ons of Pr i s on L egal N ew s s t at e a c aus e of a ct i on, as w el l as i t s cl ai m thatthe pr i s on al l ow ed i t s m ai l r oom empl oy ees compl et e and unfett er ed di s cr et i on t o r ej ect b u lk -ra te m a il. P L N a lso c h a llen g e s th e p riso n ’s p o licyto n o t p ro v id e n o tice to the s enderw hen i t s bul k- r at e mai l i s r efus ed. Be twe e n J u l y3 0 , 1 9 8 7 , a n d M a y1 5 , 1 9 9 8 , th e S t a t e P r i s o n h a d two di ffe r ent bul k- r at e m ai l r egul at i ons i n effect . Fr om J ul y30, 1987, t o D ece m ber 18 16, 1997, the bul k- r at e mai l r egul at i on pr ovi ded: “B ul k- r at e mai l s hal l be r efus ed e x c e p t fo r a u th o ri z e d s u b s c ri p tio n s ” a n d “ B u lk -r a te m a il s h a ll b e re f u s e d .A tal l r el evantt i m es , bul k- r at e mai l w as defi ned as “a l ar ge mass or 19 v o lum e o f m ail sen t ata se t r ate o f p o stag e (fo r th is po li cyreferring to o n ly3 rd an d 4 th class b u lk m ail ing s). ” (R . A p p ell an t’ s A p p . V o l. 2 at 62 8 , 6 3 7 , 6 5 1 . ) -28- E xcept i ons s hal l i ncl ude, butar e notl i m i t ed t o, non- pr ofi tas l i s t ed i n the [U ni t ed St at es Post al Ser vi ce D om es t i c M ai l M anual ] and s ubs cr i pt i on m at er i al as defi ned under the publ i s her - onl y rul e. ” ( R . A ppel l ant ’ s A pp. V ol . 2 at631- 32. ) T he 19 reg u lat ion d id n o t define “ au tho ri ze d su b scripti o n s” b u t defined the p u b li sh ero n ly ru le a s “ a ru le lim itin g b o o k s , c a s s e tte ta p e s , m a g a z in e s , n e w s p a p e rs , e tc [ .] t o thos e s entdi r ect l yfr om the publ i s her , a book ort ape c l ub ora l i cens ed book s t or e; . . . ” (Id. at 62 9 . ) F rom D ec em b er 1 7 , 1 9 9 7 , to M ay1 5 , 1 9 9 8 , the p ri so n ’s bul k- r at e mai l r egul at i on s t at ed: “B ul k- r at e mai l m aybe r efus ed. E xcept i ons i ncl ude, butar e notl i m i t ed t o, r el i gi ous m ai l , non- pr ofi tm ai l as l i s t ed i n the [U ni t ed St at es Post al Ser vi ce D om es t i c M ai l M anual ] , and s ubs cr i pt i on m at er i al as defi ned underthe Publ i s her s - O nl yR ul e. ” (Id. a t 6 4 3 , 6 5 6 ) T h e p u b lish e r-o n ly rul e r emai ned the s ame. PL N has a Fi r s tA m endmenti nt er es ti n pr ovi di ng i t s m agaz i ne t o i nm at es w h o s u b s c ri b e to it. Thornburgh , 4 9 0 U .S . at 4 0 8 (“ [ P ]u b lish e rs w h o w ish to comm uni cat e w i th thos e w ho, thr ough s ubs cr i pt i on, w i l l i ngl ys eek thei rpoi ntof v ie w h a v e a le g itim a te F ir s t A m e n d m e n t in te re s t in a c c e s s to p ri s o n e rs .” ). H o w e v e r, P L N ’s c laim fa ils b e c a u se it w a s d e fe n d a n ts’ n e g lig e n c e , as o p p o se d to the pr i s on’ s bul k r at e- m ai l r egul at i ons , w hi ch ca us ed i t s i nj ur i es . B eca us e Pr i s on L e g a l N e w s is a p a id su b sc rip tio n a n d n o n -p ro fit m a il, th e p riso n ’s b u lk -ra te m a ilW e rejec t P L N ’s c laim th a t th e m a ilro o m a c ted in ten tio n a llyin fa ili n g to 20 d e liv e r c e rt a in e d itio n s o f P ri s o n e r L e g a l N e w s to T h o m a s a n d o th e r i n m a te s . Th e r e i s a b s o l u t e l yn o e v i d e n c e s u p p o r t i n g th i s c l a i m. -29- r e g u l a t i o n s d i d n o ta p p l yt o i t . Ga l e t k a t e s t i fi e d th a tb e c a u s e P r i s o n L e g a l Ne ws is a p a id su b sc rip tio n a n d n o n -p ro fit m a il, th e p riso n n o rm a llyd e liv e rs it to in m a tes . T h e fa c t ce rta in e d iti o n s o f P riso n L e g a l N e w s w e re n o t d e liv e re d to T h o m a s a n d o th e r in m a tes w a s th e re su lt o f h u m a n e rro r o r th e fa c t th e in m a te w as no l onger hous ed at the St at e Pr i s on. Such negl i gence does nots t at e a § 20 1 9 8 3 c la im . Joj ola v. C havez , 55 F. 3d 488, 490 ( 10th C i r . 1995) ( “Li abi l i tyunder § 1983 m us tbe pr edi cat ed upon a d e lib e ra te d e p riv a tio n o f c o n stitu tio n a l rig h ts b yth e d e fe n d a n t, an d n o t o n n e g lig e n c e .”) ( q u o tatio n s o m itt e d ); Woodw ar d v. C i t y of Wor land , 977 F. 2d 1392, 1399 ( 10th C i r . 1992) ( “The Supre m e C our thas m ade i tcl earthatl i abi l i tyunder§ 1983 m us tbe pr edi cat ed upon a d e lib e ra te depr i vat i on of cons t i tut i onal r i ght s bythe defendant . I tcannotbe pr edi cat ed u p o n n e g lig e n c e .”) ( q u o tatio n s a n d c itatio n s o m itt e d ); se e a lso Sm ith , 899 F. 2d at 944 ( fi ndi ng pr i s on offi ci al ’ s openi ng of i nm at e’ s l egal m ai l byacc i dentdi d not g ive rise to a co n sti tuti o n al vio lat ion b ec au se itw as a n isolated incid en t and there w as n o ev iden ce o f im p rop er m o ti v e o r resu lt ing interfe ren ce w ith the in m ate’s ri g h t t o co u n sel o r ac ce ss to c o u rt s). P L N ’s d u e p ro c e ss c laim su ffe rs th e sa m e fa te. W h ile w e re c o g n ize b o th inm ates a n d p u b li sh ers h av e a ri g h t t o p roc ed u ral du e p roc ess w h en p u b li ca ti o n s are reje c te d , Jackl ovi ch v. Si m m ons , 3 9 2 F .3 d 4 2 0 , 4 3 3 (1 0 th C ir . 2 0 0 4 ), Jackl ovi ch-30-

i nvol ved the pr i s on’ s del i ber at e r ej ect i on of publ i cat i ons pur s uantt o pol i cy . H er e, the pr i s on’ s r ej ect i ons of PL N ’ s m agaz i nes w as uni nt ent i onal bas ed on the n e g lig e n c e o f

its m a ilr o o m p e rs o n n e l. T h e re fo re , d u e p ro c e s s is n o t im p lic a te d . D an i els v. Wi l l i am s, 474 U . S. 327, 328 ( 1986) ( “[T] he D ue Pr oces s C l aus e [of the Four t eenth A m endment ] i s s i m pl ynoti m pl i cat ed bya negl igentactof an offi ci al c a u s in g u n in te n d e d lo s s o f o r i nju ry to life , lib e rt y , o r p ro p e rt y .” ). I V . C oncl usi on W e con strue the d i stri ctcou rt ’s dis m i ssal of Jon es and P L N ’s com plai nts as a s ua s pont e gr antof s um m aryj udgm entt o the C ountyD efe ndant s and H aun D e fe n d a n ts. In A p p e a l N o . 0 4 -4 1 8 5 , w e A F F IR M th e g ra n t o f su m m a ryju d g m e n t to th e C o u n tyD e fe n d a n ts c o n c e rn in g th e C o u n tyJa il’s p a p e rb a c k b o o k p o licya n d its r egul at i ons banni ng i nm at e ac ces s t o s exual l yexpl i ci tand t echni cal publ i cat i ons but R E V E R S E a s to th e jail’s c a talo g b a n . W e R E M A N D to th e d istric t co u rt to ev alua te th e jail ’s ca tal o g b an u n d er Turne r . I n Ap p e a l No . 0 4 - 4 1 8 6 , we AFF I RM the g rantof sum m aryj ud gm ent t o the H aun D efen dan t s.