Fall Guide

Safety; Rules & Regulations ... p. 2

What to See and Do; Leave No Trace ... p. 3

Hiking Trails ... p. 4

Camping; Equestrian Use ... p. 5

Park Map; Essential Information ... p. 6

Weather; Visitor Center Hours ... p. 7

Geology; Significance of Joshua Tree ... p. 9

Park News ... p. 10

Ranger Programs ... p. 12

Welcome to your park!

The fall is my favorite time to get out and 

explore Joshua Tree. The temperatures 

are ideal for hiking, the animals are visible 

in daylight hours, and the nighttime 

temperatures are perfect for camping. As 

the nights start to get longer, it’s also a 

great time for some night sky viewing.

Joshua Tree is home to some of the darkest 

skies in the United States and is one of the 

best locations in the southland to see the 

Milky Way. On October 16-18, join us for 

the Joshua Tree National Park Night Sky 

Festival, where we dedicate three whole 

days to the magic of the night skies. Or 

join a ranger for a scheduled full moon 

hike. Stop by a visitor center to learn more.

Cooler temperatures and seasonal rains are 

also responsible for a sudden onslaught of 

wildflowers. Take time for a hike down a 

desert wash and look for blooming desert 

willow or smoke tree. You are also likely 

to see yellow bladderpod and the white, 

trumpet-shaped flowers of sacred datura.

On behalf of all your park staff, let me 

thank you for the opportunity to help you 

explore your parks. Please don’t hesitate 

to reach out to any one of us to let us 

know if there is something we can do to 

help better protect Joshua Tree for future 

visitors. 

Sincerely, 

David Smith

Superintendent

Two false color images from the park’s light pollution study. Top: large 

light domes from nearby cities impair views of the night sky from Keys 

View. Bottom: Pinto Wells, in the remote eastern part of the park, is far 

less impacted by light pollution.

Half the Park Is After Dark

“Collecting information on light pollution is important 

because stargazing is such a popular visitor activity. Joshua 

Tree is in the process of applying to become recognized as 

an International Dark Sky Place, and a measurement of sky 

quality is crucial in receiving designation,” says Manson. 

Ongoing research also provides the information needed 

to educate the community on the dramatic amounts of 

light pollution within the Southern California region. 

Joshua Tree National Park is committed to the protection 

and preservation of the desert ecosystem, and a dark 

night sky is a core part of the desert experience. 

Th e n i g h t s k y i s a g l i tt e r i n g d o m e p e p p e r e d

with stars, planets, and passing meteors—but most people 

no longer get to see it. In urban and suburban settings, 

artificial lighting and atmospheric pollutants wash out the 

light of the stars. This is a serious loss. For millennia, our 

ancestors experienced a dark night sky. Cultures around the 

world told stories about the constellations and used the stars 

as a calendar. Only for the past few generations have humans 

been denied the chance to stand in awe of the heavens. 

Boasting some of the darkest nights in Southern California, 

Joshua Tree National Park offers many visitors the chance 

to admire the Milky Way for the first time in their lives.

In The Deserts of the Southwest, Peggy and Lane Larson 

describe how the desert environment naturally provides 

for exceptional views: “Sky contributes to the desert 

expanse. Little obstructs the extensive view of the sky 

dome, which in the clear, arid atmosphere appears 

bluer by day and more brightly star-studded by night 

than do the skies over many moister regions.” 

Increases in both light and air pollution pose a threat 

to night sky viewing in Joshua Tree National Park. Data 

collected by the Earth Observation Group and NOAA 

National Geophysical Data Center document medium to 

high levels of light pollution that infringe on the night skies 

of Joshua Tree National Park. Most of the light pollution 

comes from poorly regulated artificial lighting in Los 

Angeles, Las Vegas, and the Coachella Valley. Luke Sabala, 

Chief Physical Scientist at Joshua Tree National Park, and 

Stacy Manson, Physical Science Technician, have been 

collecting data to document light pollution within the park. 

Historic Preservation 

at Mastodon Mine

Ever wondered what historic preservation 

professionals do, and why their work is 

important? The National Park Service applies 

four distinct approaches to the treament of 

historic properties: reconstruction, rehabilitation, 

restoration, and preservation. Park Ranger 

Lacy Ditto reports from the field about the 

preservation aspect on p. 8.

Save Water: Live 

Like a Desert Native

Did you know California is going through a 

period of historic drought? There is no life 

without water, but desert plants are adapted 

to its scarcity. Native plants can teach all of us 

about being water-wise. Kathleen Radnich of 

the Joshua Basin Water District offers some 

helpful suggestions on how you, as park 

visitors, can help conserve water. See p. 11.

David Smith

Night sky preservation is unique in that the resource 

cannot be lost permanently. Even in the face of new 

development approaching the park boundary, the loss 

of night sky views is both reversible and preventable. An 

obscured night sky is only temporary. Communities and 

concerned citizens can prevent and even reverse light 

pollution by insisting on night-sky friendly light fixtures.

Experience the dark night sky firsthand to gain an 

understanding of what so many of our forebears 

cherished. See the Night Sky Almanac on p. 10 for ideas.

by GeoCorps Astronomy Intern Caila Campbell

NPS / Lian Law

National Park Service

U.S. Department of the Interior

October 2015 – January 2016

Joshua Tree National Park

The official newspaper
Snowfall is a rare treat in Joshua Tree National Park. This beautiful scene greeted visitors on 

New Year’s Eve last winter.

7

%

CELL PHONES ARE UNRELIABLE

Most of Joshua Tree National 

Park is remote wilderness and 

there is no cell coverage. Do 

not count on your phone for 

navigation or in case of emergency. 

IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

Emergency phones are 

found at two locations:

• Indian Cove Ranger Station

• Intersection Rock parking area near 

Hidden Valley Campground

If you are in an area with cell service 

and you have an emergency, call 911

or 909-383-5651 for assistance.

WINTER DAYS ARE SHORT

Planning a hike? Be sure you give 

yourself plenty of time to get back to 

the trailhead before dark. In December, 

sunset can be as early as 4:30 pm. Plan 

to be back at your vehicle no later than 

4:00 pm to give yourself enough time.

PREVENT BITES & STINGS

Joshua Tree is home to seven species 

of rattlesnakes, as well as venomous 

scorpions and spiders. These animals 

are less active in winter, but may still 

be present on a warm day. You can 

avoid problems by paying attention 

to your surroundings. Never step 

or reach into places you cannot 

see. Use a flashlight or headlamp at 

night. Campers, check your shoes 

and bedding for critters before use. 

These rock climbers carry extra layers of 

clothing that allow for comfort and safety.

Safety: What You Need to Know

We want your trip to Joshua Tree to 

be safe and enjoyable. Ultimately, 

your safety is your responsibility. This 

information will help you prepare.

BRING WATER WITH YOU

Water is available at only 

a few locations around 

the edges of the park:

• Oasis Visitor Center in Twentynine Palms

• Black Rock Campground

• Cottonwood Campground

• West Entrance (25¢ charge; no RV water 

access)

• Indian Cove Ranger Station (no RV 

water access)

STAY HYDRATED & EAT SALTY SNACKS

We recommend drinking a 

minimum of one gallon (about 4 

liters) of water per person, per day. 

You will need more fluids if you are 

active: vigorous hiking, cycling, 

or climbing can cause you to lose 

water and salts at a rate of 1 1/2 quarts 

per hour. Replace these fluids and 

electrolytes by drinking water or sports 

drinks and consuming salty foods.

PREPARE FOR CHANGING WEATHER

Prepare for temperature extremes 

by dressing in layers. Highs in 

early October may hit 100°F (38°C), 

while winter lows can plunge into 

the teens (-10°C). Hypothermia 

is a hazard even when the air 

temperature is above freezing. 

Always have extra layers with you.

GIVE WILDLIFE A BRAKE

Park roads are narrow 

and winding, and 

some areas are often 

congested. Obey posted speed limits. 

The maximum speed in the park is 45 

mph (73 kph), and in many locations 

the speed limit is lower. Driving 

slowly and cautiously helps protect 

park wildlife. If you want to stop to 

view animals or scenery, please use a 

pullout and get completely out of the 

travel lanes to prevent accidents.

DON’T TRUST GPS FOR DRIVING DIRECTIONS

In the desert, some GPS units or 

navigation apps may try to direct you to 

roads that are unsafe for your vehicle. 

For safety, refer to the park map for 

navigation, or check with a ranger. 

TURN AROUND, DON’T DROWN

Flash floods occur when monsoon 

thunderstorms pour large amounts 

of rain in a short time. Avoid canyons 

and washes during rainstorms 

and be prepared to move to higher 

ground. While driving, be alert for 

water running across the road. Wait 

for floodwaters to subside rather 

than trying to drive through.

STAY OUT, STAY ALIVE

Many old mine sites exist within the 

park. If you choose to visit them, use 

extreme caution, appreciating them 

from a safe distance. Never enter old 

mine tunnels, shafts, or fenced areas.

Joshua Tree National Park preserves 

and protects the scenic, natural, and 

cultural resources representative of the 

Colorado and Mojave Deserts’ rich 

biological and geological diversity, cultural 

history, wilderness, recreational values, 

and outstanding opportunities for 

education and scientific study.

Superintendent

David Smith

Park Information

760-367-5500

Emergency

Dial 911 or 909-383-5651 

Mailing Address

74485 National Park Drive

Twentynine Palms, CA 92277

Website

www.nps.gov/jotr

Social Media

 instagram.com/JoshuaTreeNPS

 twitter.com/JoshuaTreeNPS

 facebook.com/JoshuaTreeNPS

 flickr.com/JoshuaTreeNP

 youtube.com: search JoshuaTreeNPS

E-mail

jotr_info@nps.gov

Lost & Found

Call Lost & Found Coordinator Jeannie 

Campbell at 760-367-5518. Lost property 

reports should include owner’s name, 

mailing address, telephone number, a 

detailed description of the lost item, and 

the date and place where you think you 

lost the item.

Newspaper Editor

Cathy Bell, cathy_bell@nps.gov

Please email with comments or corrections.

The National Park Service cares for the 

special places saved by the American 

people so that all may experience our 

heritage.

EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICATM

National Park Service

U.S. Department of the Interior

Never reach into rock crevices or onto ledges 

where you can’t see.

Many historic mine sites exist within Joshua 

Tree National Park. Admire, but do not enter.

ö

,

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Watch wildlife respectfully

We recommend staying at least 25 yards (23 m) from wildlife. If an animal reacts 

to your presence by changing its behavior, you are too close—even if you are more 

than 25 yards from it. Move quietly away to give the animal space. Remember, the 

park is home for wild animals. We are just visitors here.

Never feed any wild animals

Consuming human food is unhealthy for wildlife and may encourage aggressive 

behavior. Coyotes, squirrels, ravens, and other animals should be left alone to rely 

on natural sources of food. All food, trash, scented products, and cooking tools 

must be stored securely in a vehicle or hard-sided container. 

Travel responsibly with your pet

Pets are allowed in the park, but their activities are restricted. Pets must be on a 

leash at all times. They cannot go more than 100 feet (30 m) from a road, picnic 

area, or campground. Pets are not allowed on hiking trails. Owners must never 

leave a pet unattended or tied to an object. Bag and dispose of pet waste.

No drones or remote controlled vehicles

Remote controlled vehicles, including aircraft and rockcrawlers, are prohibited in 

Joshua Tree National Park. Drones and other remotely-operated craft can disturb 

wildlife and disrupt the visitor experience.

Campfires

Campfires are allowed only in designated fire rings or grills that are found in park 

campgrounds and picnic areas. Campfires are not allowed in the backcountry. 

Bring your own firewood and extra water to douse your campfire. Do not use park 

vegetation, living or dead, for fuel.

Rules and Regulations

No collecting park resources, including living or dead vegetation

It is the mission of the National Park Service to preserve all natural and cultural 

resources unimpaired for future generations. Please leave everything in the park 

as it is for others to enjoy. Do not destroy, deface, dig, collect, or otherwise 

disturb any park resources including plants or animals (whether they are dead or 

alive), rocks, fossils, or artifacts.

Rock climbing

Climbers may replace existing bolts if they are unsafe. New bolts may be placed in 

non-wilderness areas if in accordance with the bolting checklist, available on the 

park website. Bolting in wilderness requires a permit. Hand drills only.

All motor vehicles and bicycles must stay on roads

The desert environment is more fragile than it may look. The ruts and scars left 

by vehicles and bicycles illegally taken off-road can last for years or even decades. 

Red and green sticker dirt bikes, ATVs, and UTVs are prohibited in the park.

Watch for tortoises

The desert tortoise is a threatened species that often dies from being hit by 

cars. Drive carefully in the park: small tortoises on the road look a lot like rocks. 

Though tortoises typically stay underground during the winter months, fall visitors 

should still take care. Tortoises may drink from puddles on the roads after rains or 

take shelter from the hot sun under vehicles. Leave tortoises undisturbed.

Firearms and weapons

Firearms may be possessed in accordance with California state and federal laws. 

However, they may not be discharged in the park. Fireworks, traps, bows, BB 

guns, paintball guns, and slingshots are not allowed in the park.

No!

l e av e j o s h u a t r e e p r i s t i n e f o r

those who visit the park after you. 

Learn and practice the seven Leave 

No Trace principles.

PLAN AHEAD & PREPARE

• Know the regulations and special 

concerns for the area you’ll visit.

• Prepare for extreme weather, hazards, 

and emergencies.

• Schedule your trip to avoid times of high 

use.

• Visit in small groups when possible. 

Consider splitting larger groups into 

smaller groups.

• Repackage food to minimize waste.

• Use a map and compass. Do not set up 

rock cairns or other physical markers.

TRAVEL & CAMP ON DURABLE SURFACES

• Durable surfaces include established 

trails and campsites, rock, and gravel.

• No camping in rock shelters or caves.

• Allow wildlife free access to scarce desert 

water sources. Do not camp nearby.

• Good campsites are found, not made. 

Altering a site is not necessary.

• In popular areas, concentrate use on 

existing trails and campsites. 

• In pristine areas, disperse use to prevent 

the creation of campsites and trails. 

Avoid places where impacts are just 

beginning.

DISPOSE OF WASTE PROPERLY

• Pack it in, pack it out. Inspect your 

campsite and rest areas for trash or 

spilled foods. Pack out all trash, leftover 

food and litter.

• Deposit solid human waste in catholes 

dug 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet 

from water, camp, and trails. Cover and 

disguise the cathole when finished.

• Pack out toilet paper and hygiene 

products. These items do not break 

down in the arid desert environment, 

even when buried.

LEAVE WHAT YOU FIND

• Preserve the past: examine, but do not 

touch, cultural or historic structures and 

artifacts.

• Leave rocks, plants and other natural 

objects as you find them.

• Avoid introducing or transporting 

non-native species.

• Do not build structures, furniture, or dig 

trenches.

MINIMIZE CAMPFIRE IMPACTS

• Campfires are allowed only in established metal fire rings in campgrounds 

and picnic areas with fire grates. All 

wood must be brought in from outside 

the park—no collecting.

• Keep your fire small. Put it out 

completely before you leave your site.

• No campfires in the backcountry. Use a 

lightweight stove for cooking.

RESPECT WILDLIFE

• Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not 

follow or approach animals.

• Never feed animals. Feeding wildlife 

damages their health, alters natural 

behaviors, and exposes them to danger.

• Protect wildlife and your food by storing 

rations and trash securely.

• Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: 

mating, nesting, raising young, or harsh 

weather conditions.

BE CONSIDERATE OF OTHER VISITORS

• Respect other visitors and protect the 

quality of their experience.

• Be courteous. Yield to other users on the 

trail. Hikers traveling uphill have rightof-way.

• Step to the downhill side of the trail 

when encountering pack stock.

• Take breaks and camp away from trails 

and other visitors.

• Let nature’s sounds prevail. Avoid loud 

voices and noises. Respect campground 

quiet hours.

Learn more about how to minimize 

recreation impacts and protect Joshua 

Tree’s wildlands for the future. Talk 

to a ranger or visit www.LNT.org.

Leave No Trace

What to See and Do

Th e d e s e r t i s at i t s b e s t w h e n

viewed up close and at a slow pace. 

From a whizzing car, the landscape 

may at first appear bleak or drab. 

Closer examination, though, reveals 

a fascinating variety of plants 

and animals. Rocks sculpted by 

weather and time contrast with the 

brilliant blue of the desert sky.

Joshua Tree National Park has endless 

opportunities for exploration and 

discovery. Begin your trip at a park 

visitor center, where a ranger will be 

happy to answer your questions and 

get you oriented. The two northern 

visitors centers are outside the park, in 

the communities of Twentynine Palms 

and Joshua Tree. See p. 7 for hours.

IF YOU HAVE A FEW HOURS IN THE PARK:

• Drive between the West Entrance and 

North Entrance to see our famous 

Joshua trees and boulder fields.

• Drive to Keys View for a lovely vista of 

the Coachella Valley. On days with little 

air pollution, you may be able to see 

beyond the shining Salton Sea to Signal 

Mountain in Mexico.

• Enjoy a short walk on one or two of the 

park’s nature trails (p. 4) to get an upclose look at desert scenery and plants. 

• Kids of all ages are invited to participate 

in our Junior Ranger program (p. 10).

• Take a short side trip into the Pinto Basin 

to visit the Cholla Cactus Garden and 

Ocotillo Patch.

IF YOU HAVE AN ENTIRE DAY:

• Drive through both the Mojave Desert 

and the Colorado Desert by going from 

the West Entrance to the South Entrance. 

See where Joshua trees grow in the 

Mojave, in the western half of the park, 

and observe the different vegetation of 

the Colorado in the lower elevations of 

the Pinto Basin and Cottonwood areas. 

• Attend a ranger-led activity like a patio 

talk, guided walk, or evening program 

(p. 12). If you’ll be visiting on a weekend, 

consider calling ahead to make a 

reservation for a Keys Ranch tour (fee).

• Hike one or two of the park’s longer 

trails (p. 4). 

• Pleasant fall temperatures bring rock 

climbers to Joshua Tree from all over the 

world. Not a climber yourself? You may 

still enjoy watching climbers in action 

around Hidden Valley Campground and 

Intersection Rock.

IF YOU HAVE MORE THAN ONE DAY:

• Spend the night in one of our 

campgrounds (p. 5). Or, if you have the 

right gear, experience, and fitness level, 

consider an overnight backcountry trip.

• Explore the longer hiking trails around 

Black Rock or Cottonwood (p. 4).

• If you have a mountain bike or highclearance vehicle, consider exploring a 

backcountry road (descriptions at right) 

to experience parts of the park that most 

visitors never see. The Geology Tour 

Road is often a great choice. Ask a ranger 

for advice before leaving the pavement. 

D Backcountry Roads

J o s h u a Tr e e ’s b a c k c o u n t r y

roads allow properly equipped visitors 

to explore remote areas of the park, 

but preparedness is crucial. Errors in 

judgment can be deadly. Always ask a 

ranger for current information about 

road conditions before venturing out. 

For your own safety and the protection 

of natural features, all wheeled 

vehicles (including bicycles) must 

remain on designated roads. Off road 

driving and riding are prohibited.

GEOLOGY TOUR ROAD

18 mi (29 km) loop

This route starts 2 mi (3.2 km) west of 

Jumbo Rocks. Pick up an interpretive 

guide from the brochure box at the 

start. A round trip takes about two 

hours. The first few miles of the road 

are open to most vehicles, with fourwheel drive needed after marker 9.

QUEEN VALLEY ROADS

13.4 mi (21.7 km) total 

Usually passable to all vehicles, this 

network of dirt roads crisscrosses 

a valley of boulder piles and Joshua 

trees. The Queen Valley dirt roads are 

popular with cyclists and dog walkers.

COVINGTON FLATS ROADS

9 mi (21.7 km) total

Covington Flats is home to some of the 

park’s largest Joshua trees, junipers, 

and pinyon pines. You can drive all 

the way to the summit of Eureka Peak 

(5,518 ft/ 1,682 m) for panoramic views 

from Palm Springs to the Morongo 

Basin. High clearance recommended.

BERDOO CANYON ROAD

11.5 mi (18.4 km) within the park

Connecting the south end of Geology 

Tour Rd. with Dillon Rd. in the 

Coachella Valley, this challenging road 

requires a high level of driver skill as 

well as high clearance and four-wheel 

drive; narrow wheel-base suggested.

PINKHAM CANYON ROAD

20 mi (32.4 km) one way

This challenging road begins at 

Cottonwood Visitor Center, travels 

along Smoke Tree Wash, and then 

turns south down Pinkham Canyon. 

Sections of the road run through soft 

sand and rocky plains. High clearance 

and four-wheel drive are required; 

narrow wheel-base suggested.

BLACK EAGLE MINE ROAD

9 mi (14.5 km) within the park

This dead-end dirt road begins 6.5 mi 

(10.5 km) north of the Cottonwood 

Visitor Center. It runs along the 

southern edge of Pinto Basin, 

crossing several dry washes before 

reaching the park boundary. Beyond 

that is BLM land. High clearance 

and four-wheel drive required.

OLD DALE MINE ROAD

12.3 mi (19.8 km) within the park

Starts at the same point as Black Eagle 

Mine Rd., but heads north across sandy 

Pinto Basin, a dry lake bed. It then 

climbs steeply to the park boundary. 

About 11 miles (17.7 k) north of the park, 

it connects with Hwy 62. High clearance and four-wheel drive required; 

narrow wheel-base suggested.

2 Joshua Tree Guide October 2015 – January 2016 3
No Pets on Trails

Help us protect wildlife

and keep pets safe

Camping

Campground

Number 

of Sites

Fee Elevation Water Flush 

Toilets

Pit 

Toilets

Tables Fire 

Grates

Dump

Station

Belle 18 $15 3,800 ft no no yes yes yes no

Black Rock 99 $20 4,000 ft yes yes no yes yes yes

Cottonwood

62 $20 3,000 ft yes yes no yes yes yes

Hidden Valley

RVs and trailers may not exceed a combined 

maximum length of 25 ft.

44 $15 4,200 ft no no yes yes yes no

Indian Cove

101 $20 3,200 ft no no yes yes yes no

Jumbo Rocks

124 $15 4,400 ft no no yes yes yes no

Ryan 31 $15 4,300 ft no no yes yes yes no

White Tank

RVs and trailers may not exceed a combined 

maximum length of 25 ft.

15 $15 3,800 ft no no yes yes yes no

−

Visitors staying overnight in the park must camp in a designated campground

 or backcountry camping area. Sleeping in your vehicle outside of a 

campground is prohibited, and there is no camping at roadside pullouts, 

trailheads, or along the side of the road.

A maximum of six people, three tents, and two cars may occupy an individual 

campsite, if there is space. Some sites only have enough parking for one vehicle.

Check in and check out are at noon. Camping fees must be paid within 

one hour of selecting a campsite. Quiet hours are from 10 pm-6 am. 

Generator use is permitted only from 7-9 am, 12-2 pm, and 5-7 pm.

There is a 30-day camping limit each year. Only 14 of these nights 

may take place from October –May. All tents, tarps, and camping 

equipment must be set up within 25 ft of the picnic table or fire 

grate at a site. Do not set up slacklines in campgrounds.

Joshua Tree National Park is vast, and little of it is accessible by road. An overnight trip into the 

backcountry is a memorable experience that allows hikers and horseback riders to experience 

solitude and immersion in wild nature. Adequate preparation is key to enjoying the desert 

safely.

Bring Water

Water sources in the desert are scarce and are reserved for wildlife. You must carry with you a 

supply of water adequate for drinking, cooking, and hygiene. This means carrying at least two 

gallons (about 8 liters) of water per person per day of your trip. Minimize exertion during the 

heat of the day in order to help prevent dehydration.

Register

To camp overnight in the backcountry, you must first self-register for a free permit at a backcountry board (for locations, see park map, pp. 6-7). Leave your vehicle parked at one of the 

park’s backcountry boards, too. An unregistered vehicle or a vehicle left overnight somewhere 

other than at a backcountry board brings up safety concerns. It is also subject to citation and 

towing.

Setting Up Camp

Your backcountry camp must be located at least one mile (1.6 km) from the road and 500 

ft (152 m) from any trail. Avoid camping in washes: sudden storms may lead to flooding. No 

camping is allowed in rock shelters, caves, or day use areas. It is your responsibility to check 

the locations of day use areas, which are indicated on maps at the backcountry boards.

Leave No Trace

If you plan to cook or heat food, bring a camp stove and fuel. No fires are allowed in the 

backcountry. Pack out all trash, including leftover food items like apple cores, banana peels, 

and orange skins. These items can take years to decay in the dry desert environment. Similarly, 

while solid human waste should be buried in a cat hole at least six inches (15 cm) deep, used 

toilet paper must be packed out with all other trash. Remember to bring zip-top bags.

Wilderness

Almost 85% of Joshua Tree’s 792,510 acres are managed as wilderness. The Joshua Tree 

Wilderness was protected by an act of Congress and is considered “an area where the earth 

and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does 

not remain.” Wilderness is the highest level of conservation protection for federally-managed 

public lands. No mechanized transport is allowed in wilderness.

Help us preserve the wilderness character of Joshua Tree for future generations. Review the 

Leave No Trace principles on p. 3 as you prepare for your trip, then put them into practice.

Backcountry Camping

ç Hiking

Trail Trailhead Location Distance Estimated Description

 Time

Short Walks and Nature Trails

Arch Rock White Tank Campground, 

opposite site 9

0.3 mi 

(0.5 km)

30 minutes Loop. Explore the geology of a unique area and view a natural arch on this short walk.

Bajada South of Cottonwood Visitor 

Center; 0.5 mi (0.8 km) north of 

the South Entrance

0.25 mi

(0.4 km)

15-20 minutes Loop. Walk on a bajada and discover plants of the Colorado Desert on this easy, accessible path.

Barker Dam Barker Dam parking area 1.1 mi

(1.8 km)

1 hour Loop. Explore cultural history and view a water tank built by early cattle ranchers. Watch for bighorn sheep.

Cap Rock Cap Rock parking area, at the 

junction of Park Blvd. and Keys 

View Rd.

0.4 mi 

(0.6 km)

30-45 minutes Loop. View boulder piles, Joshua trees, and other desert plants on this easy, accessible path.

Cholla Cactus Garden 20 mi (32 km) north of 

Cottonwood Visitor Center

0.25 mi 

(0.4 km)

15-30 minutes Loop. View thousands of densely concentrated, naturally growing cholla cactus. Stay on the trail, wear closed-toe 

shoes, and be aware of prickly cactus. 

Hidden Valley Hidden Valley picnic area 1 mi 

(1.6 km)

1 hour Loop. Discover a rock-enclosed valley that was once rumored to have been used by cattle rustlers.

Hi-View Northwest of Black Rock 

Campground

1.3 mi (2.1 km) from 

board at parking area. 

3 mi (4.8 km) from 

visitor center.

11⁄2 hours Loop. Discover the world of Joshua tree forests. Hike up a ridge on the western side of the park and take in panoramic 

views of the area. There are some steep sections, as well as several benches to take a break and enjoy the view.

Indian Cove West end of Indian Cove 

Campground

0.6 mi 

(1 km)

30-45 minutes Loop. Walk on a gently rolling path with a few steps. Take a closer look at desert plants and learn about their 

traditional uses by Native Americans.

Keys View Keys View 0.25 mi 

(0.4 km)

30 minutes Loop. Short, accessible path with breathtaking views of the San Andreas Fault, Mt. San Jacinto, Mt. San Gorgonio, and 

the Salton Sea.

Oasis of Mara Oasis Visitor Center, Twentynine 

Palms

0.5 mi 

(0.8 km)

30-45 minutes Loop. Explore a desert oasis on this easy, accessible walk. See how the Oasis of Mara has been used by wildlife and 

people throughout time.

Ryan Ranch Ryan Ranch trailhead, about 

0.5 mi (0.8 km) east of Ryan 

Campground

1 mi

(1.6 km)

1 hour Out and back. Enjoy an easy hike along an old ranch road and see a historic adobe structure.

Skull Rock Skull Rock parking area just east 

of Jumbo Rocks Campground; 

also accessible from within 

Jumbo Rocks Campground

1.7 mi

(2.7 km)

1-2 hours Loop. Take an easy hike and explore boulder piles, desert washes, and of course the namesake Skull Rock.

ô `

ô

ô

ô

Moderate Hikes

Fortynine Palms Oasis Fortynine Palms parking 

area, accessed off Hwy 62

3 mi

(4.8 km)

2-3 hours Out and back. There is a 300 ft (91 m) elevation gain in both directions, as you hike up and over a ridge dotted with 

barrel cactus. Beyond the ridge, descend to a fan palm oasis in a rocky canyon. Avoid this trail when it’s very hot out.

Lost Horse Mine Lost Horse Mine trailhead 

off Keys View Rd.

4 mi

(6.4 km)

2-3 hours Out and back. Explore around one of the most successful gold mines in the park. Stay outside the fenced area to protect 

the millsite and mine. For a longer option, see Lost Horse Loop, under Challenging Hikes.

Mastodon Peak Cottonwood Spring parking 

area

3 mi

(4.8 km)

11/2-21/2 hours Loop. An optional rock scramble takes you to the top of a craggy granite peak. The trail then loops around past an old 

gold mine. Elevation change is about 400 feet.

Pine City Pine City trailhead at end of 

Desert Queen Mine Rd.

4 mi

(6.4 km)

2-3 hours Out and back. The highlight of this fairly flat trail is a dense stand of junipers and pinyon. The trail also goes to an old 

mining site.

Split Rock Loop Split Rock picnic area 2.5 mi

(4.0 km)

11/2-21/2 hours Loop. Distance includes side trip to Face Rock.

West Side Loop Black Rock 4.7 mi

(7.6 km)

21⁄2-4 hours Loop. Explore the ridges and washes west of Black Rock campground.

Wall Street Mill Barker Dam parking area 2 mi

(3.2 km)

11/2-21/2 hours Out and back. Travel to the remains of an historic gold milling site.

Challenging Hikes

Boy Scout Trail North end: Indian Cove 

backcountry board. South 

end: Boy Scout Trailhead.

8 mi

(12.9 km)

6 hours One way. Go deep into the Wonderland of Rocks. Stay on trail to avoid getting lost among the boulders. Most hikers 

prefer to start at the south trailhead, inside the West Entrance, and finish at Indian Cove. Vehicle shuttle strongly recommended for hikers interested in doing the full length of the trail.

California Riding and 

Hiking Trail

Several. 35 mi

(56.3 km)

2-3 days to hike 

entire length

One way. Shorter hikes possible on sections of this long trail. Travel from Black Rock Canyon to the North Entrance of the 

park, passing through a variety of Mojave Desert landscapes.

Eureka Peak Loop Black Rock 10.5 mi

(16.9 km)

5-6 hours Loop. Hike to the top of Eureka Peak for a 360 degree view of the area, including Palm Springs. Return on the California 

Riding and Hiking Trail to make a loop.

Lost Horse Loop Lost Horse Mine trailhead 

off Keys View Rd.

6.5 mi

(10.5 km)

3-4 hours Loop. For a shorter option, see Lost Horse Mine, under Moderate Hikes.

Ryan Mountain Parking area between Sheep 

Pass and Ryan Campground

3 mi

(4.8 km)

11/2-21/2 hours Out and back. Gain 1,000 feet in elevation as you hike to the summit of Ryan Mountain. This is one of the most popular 

hikes in the park.

Warren Peak Black Rock 6.3 mi

(10.1 km)

Out and back. Gain 1,000 ft (304 m) in elevation as you hike to the summit of Warren Peak. Enjoy panoramic views of 

the quiet western part of Joshua Tree.

I Equestrian Use

Horseback riding is a popular way to experience the park. The Backcountry and 

Wilderness Management Plan provides for more than 200 miles of equestrian 

trails and trail corridors that traverse open lands, canyon bottoms, and dry 

washes. Many riding trails are already open, clearly marked, and ready to be 

enjoyed. Other trails are in various states of development. Trail maps for the 

West Entrance area and for the Black Rock Canyon area are available.

Stock use is limited to horses and mules and is restricted to designated equestrian 

trails and corridors, open dirt roads, and shoulders of paved roads. Riders should 

travel single file to reduce damage to soil and vegetation. Stock animals are not 

permitted within 1⁄4 mile of any natural or constructed water source. Horses and 

other stock are not permitted on nature trails, in the Wonderland of Rocks, in 

campgrounds, in picnic areas, or at visitor centers. A permit is required to camp 

with stock in the backcountry; call 760-367-5545.

The park has two equestrian campgrounds available only to visitors with 

horses. Reservations are required.

• Ryan Horse Camp, elevation 4,300 ft (1,310 m), is open October–May. 4 sites, 

$15/night. No water. For reservations, call 760-367-5545.

• Black Rock Horse Camp, elevation 4,000 ft (1,219 m), is open all year. 20 sites, 

$20/night. For reservations, call 1-877-444-6777.

For more information, please see the park website at

http://www.nps.gov/jotr/planyourvisit/horseback-riding.htm

or ask a ranger about horse use.

− Group Camping

Reservations are required for group camping. Sites can accommodate 

groups of 10-60 people and may be reserved up to a year in advance, 

online at www.recreation.gov or by phone at 1-877-444-6777.

Group camping is available at three locations in Joshua Tree National Park:

• Cottonwood Group, elevation 3,000 ft (914 m). 3 sites, $35-40 depending on site 

capacity. Tents only. RVs and habitable trailers prohibited.

• Indian Cove Group, elevation 3,200 ft (975 m). 13 sites, $35-50 depending on site 

capacity. Can accommodate RVs or trailers, maximum combined length 25 ft.

• Sheep Pass Group, elevation 4,500 ft (1372 m). 6 sites, $35-50 depending on site 

capacity. Tents only. RVs and habitable trailers prohibited.

On any desert hike, remember the Ten Essentials: 

• water • sturdy shoes

• food • navigation (map & compass)

• layers of clothing • pocket knife or multitool

• sun protection • flashlight or headlamp

• first aid kit • emergency shelter

Carefully review the safety information and regulations on 

p. 2. There is no guarantee of safety in a national park.

Leave information about your planned route and expected 

return time with a friend or family member before 

hiking. Check in with this person when you return. In an 

emergency, call 911 or 909-383-5651. 

4 Joshua Tree Guide October 2015 – January 2016 5
0.52 0.59

0.45

0.13 0.09 0.01

0.48

0.81

0.4

0.2 0.2

0.58

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

inches

Average Precipitation By Month

Average Temperature Range By Month

110°F 

(43°C)

100°F

(38°C)

90°F

(32°C)

80°F

(27°C)

70°F

(21°C)

60°F

(16°C)

50°F

(10°C)

40°F

(4°C)

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Rd

Quail

Springs

White Feather Rd

Hi Desert Medical Center

Desert Regional

Medical Center

Bob Hope Dr 130

131

Eisenhower Medical

Center

John F. Kennedy

Memorial Hospital

10

10

177

111

111

111

247

62

62

86

62

62 62

15

Emergency phone

Ranger station

Picnic area

Self-guiding trail

Hospital

Campground

Group campground

(reservations required)

Unpaved road

High clearance, 

4-wheel drive road

Hiking trail

Backcountry board

(overnight registration) Drinking water

0

0 5 10 Miles

5 10 Kilometers

North

Joshua Tree Visitor Center Oasis Visitor Center

Cottonwood Visitor Center 

California Riding and Hiking Trail

Boy Scout Trail

Keys View

Lost Horse

Mine

Cholla Cactus Garden

Fortynine Palms

Oasis

Oasis of Mara

Barker Dam

Keys

Ranch

Ryan Mtn

Hidden Valley

Lost Palms Oasis

Geology Tour

Road

Cottonwood Spring

Ocotillo Patch

Indian

Cove

Cap Rock==

Split Rock

Live

Oak

Skull

Rock

Smoke Tree Wash

Fried Liver Wash

Porcupine Wash

North

Entrance Station

West

Entrance Station

Entrance Station

Belle 

White Tank

Bajada Nature Trail

Jumbo 

Rocks

Sheep Pass

Ryan

Hidden Valley

N. Indian Canyon Drive

Monterey Ave

 Yucca Trail Alta Loma Dr

Berdoo Canyon Road

Thermal Canyon Road

Pinkham Canyon Road

Black Eagle Mine Road

Old Dale Road

Utah Trail

Gold Crown Road

Indian Canyon Road Cove Rd Park Blvd

Amboy Road

Dillon Road

To Amboy 30mi 48km

To 48mi 77km 

To Parker

 60mi 96km

To Blythe

35mi 56km

To Mecca and Salton Sea 8mi 13km

To 

Los Angeles

98mi 158km One Way

Joshua

Lane

Black Rock Canyon Old Dale

Mining

District

PALM SPRINGS

 PALM DESERT

INDIO

COACHELLA

DESERT

HOT

SPRINGS

YUCCA VALLEY

DESERT CENTER

CHIRIACO SUMMIT

TWENTYNINE

PALMS

La Contenta Road

To Mecca and Salton Sea 13mi 21km 

Park Blvd

Adobe Rd To Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center 3mi 5km

Park

Boulevard

MORONGO

VALLEY

53mi 85km

CATHEDRAL

CITY

RANCHO

MIRAGE

Pinto

Basin Road

Box Canyon Road

Twentynine Palms Highway

To Victorville and

Palomar

Ave

Kaiser Road

JOSHUA

TREE

40

117

120

168

192

Monroe St

142

146

Colorado Desert

Mojave Desert

Colorado Desert

Mojave Desert

S A N

A N D R E A S

F A U L T

S A N

A N D R E A S

F A U L T

C

O

X

C

O

M

B

M

O

U

N

T

A

I

N

S

E A G L E

M

O

U

N

T

A

I

N

S

C O T T O N W O O D M O U N T A I N S

P I N T O M O U N T A I N S

H E X I E

M O U N T A I N S

P I N T O

B A S I N

LOST HORSE VALLEY

PLEASANT

VALLEY

T W E N T Y N I N E

PA L M S M T N S

WILSON CANYON

UPPER

COVINGTON FLAT

I N D I O

H I L L S

L I T T L E

S A N

B E R N A R D I N O

M O U N T A I N S

C O A C H E L L A

V A L L E Y

S H E E P

H O L E

M O U N T A I N S

LOWER COVINGTON FLAT

Off-road driving is prohibited

SEA LEVEL

Quail Mountain 5814ft

1773m

Queen Mountain

5677ft

1731m

5458ft

1664m

Eureka Peak 5516ft

1682m

4000ft

1219m

Monument Mountain 4834ft

1474m

Aqua Peak

4416ft

1346m

Eagle Mountain

5350ft

1631m

1705ft

520m

906ft

276m

5185ft

1581m

150ft

46m 

1960ft

 598m 2728ft

831m

2538ft

774m

1100ft

335m

3279ft

999m

3079ft

 939m

-71ft

-22m

2957ft

902m

Pinto Mountain 3983ft

1214m

Copper Mountain

3071ft

936m

Wilderness

Congress has designated

nearly 558,000 acres of

Joshua Tree National Park

as wilderness. Most of the

park away from road

corridors is wilderness. If

you plan to venture into

these areas, you must be

familiar with special rules

and regulations governing

wilderness use.

Transition Zone

In this ecological melting

pot, two great deserts,

the Mojave and Colorado,

blend together in a vibrant

landscape featuring plants

and animals representative

of both.

Locked gate

10 miles ahead

Locked

gate

Arch

Rock

Queen Valley

Bighorn Pass Rd

Odelle Rd

Desert Queen

Mine Rd

Stirrup

Tank

Getting Here

Joshua Tree National Park is located in Southern California, about 140 miles east of Los Angeles, 175 

miles northeast of San Diego, and 215 miles southwest of Las Vegas. Visitors may drive to Joshua Tree via 

Interstate 10 or Highway 62 (the Twentynine Palms Highway). The closest commercial airport is in Palm 

Springs. There is no public transportation to the park. 

Dates and Hours of Operation

The park is always open; visitors may come and go at any time. However, several areas are designated for 

day use only. 

Entrance Fees

$20 for a single, non-commercial vehicle. 

$10 per motorcycle. 

$10 per person on foot, bicycle, or horseback.

Also available: $30 Joshua Tree National Park Annual Pass, $80 Interagency Annual Pass, $10 Interagency 

Senior Pass for U.S. citizens or permanent residents ages 62 and over, free Interagency Access Pass, free 

Interagency Military Pass. Ask at an entrance station for more details.

Essential Information

Visitor Center

Oasis Visitor Center

760-367-5500

Joshua Tree Visitor Center

Cottonwood Visitor Center

Black Rock Nature Center

open October – May

Hours of Operation

daily 8:30 am – 5:00 pm

daily 8:00 am – 5:00 pm

daily 8:30 am – 4:00 pm

daily (except Friday) 8:00 am – 4:00 pm

Friday 8:00 am – 8:00 pm

Address

74485 National Park Drive

Twentynine Palms, CA 92277

6554 Park Boulevard

Joshua Tree, CA 92252

6 miles (10 km) inside South 

Entrance; access from I-10

9800 Black Rock Canyon Road

Yucca Valley, CA 92284

Visitor Center Hours and Locations

Map of Joshua Tree National Park

Preparing for the Weather

Fall and winter visitors to Joshua Tree National Park must prepare for a 

wide variety of conditions. Elevations range from 506 ft (154 m) to 5,814 

ft (1,772 m) above sea level. The measurements shown in the average 

monthly precipitation and temperature graphs, below and at right, are 

based on data from Twentynine Palms, elevation 1,960 ft (597 m). At higher 

elevations, expect temperatures to be 7-12°F cooler than shown. While 

averages are shown, any individual day may be much hotter, much colder, 

or much wetter than expected based on these long-term averages.

6 Joshua Tree Guide October 2015 – January 2016 7
Joshua Tree National Park

Art Exposition

“To foster the spirit of artistic 

expression inspired by the park, 

celebrate the park’s majestic 

landscape and precious wildlife, 

preserve the park’s cultural history, 

and support the preservation, 

enhancement, and sustainability of 

the entire California Deserts Region.”

For details go to:

www.jtnparts.org

Friday

November 13th

Evening Gala and Awards

Saturday and Sunday

November 14th-15th

•Artist Booths • Food

• Classes • Music • Exhibitions

Historic Preservation at Mastodon Mine

Collections Corner

We are all caretakers of our collective 

past. Please do your part to preserve it 

for the future.

Th at ’s m e w i t h t h e p i c k a x e , 

hard hat, and dust mask, and no, that’s 

not what I usually look like. As an 

interpretive ranger, I spend most of my 

time working in the visitor center, roving trails, or giving talks. But in spring 

2015, I was asked to help with a historic 

structure restoration project at the 

Mastodon Gold Mine in the southern 

part of Joshua Tree National Park. 

Though Joshua Tree National Park 

is usually visited for its vast natural 

beauty, the park also has a rich cultural 

history that stretches back thousands 

of years. Within just the last century, 

miners came to this corner of the desert 

seeking riches. Historic preservation 

of structures from this period is one 

of the park’s critical missions. 

The Mastodon mining site, located 

not far from the Cottonwood Visitor 

Center, comprises 8 identified historic 

features including a collapsed office 

building, mine adit, and the only 

standing feature: the ore bin. Park 

cultural resource managers worked 

with Cornerstones Community 

Partnerships, a non-profit historic 

preservation organization, to 

preserve the historic structures at 

Mastodon Mine and help future 

generations of visitors appreciate 

this decaying mining site. 

The goals of the project were 

preservation of the ore bin, the 

replacement of the ore-crushing 

ball mill to its historic location, and 

the stabilization of a retaining wall. 

Presently, little information exists 

about this moderately successful gold 

mine that was operated by the Hulsey 

family between 1934 and 1970. With 

several historic photos of the Mastodon 

Mine to guide them, the crew worked 

for one week to bring a wooden 

structure back to life. With the help of 

the park trails crew and volunteers, the 

team packed tools, wood planks, extra 

water, and supplies up the steep, 1.5 

mile trail that leads to Mastodon Peak. 

Isolated from electricity, the team 

used hand tools and basic carpentry 

techniques to stabilize the structure 

with minimal use of new materials.

My main job on the project was to 

answer questions for visitors passing 

by the work site on the Mastodon Peak 

Trail. After some training, I was given 

a stiff paintbrush and tasked with 

excavating the few inches of sediment 

covering the floor underneath the 

ore bin. The experts in historic 

preservation worked on the structures, 

piecing together a puzzle of shattered 

wooden boards, while I brushed years 

of sand away from the base of the 

ore bin. Gradually a floor and walls 

of solid granite were revealed. This 

rock nook was hand-carved by gold 

miners in the 1930s to cradle the weight 

of the massive wooden ore bin that 

teetered precariously on the edge of 

the hillside. You can see the scars of 

their tools, chiseled linear patterns, 

chipped right into the face of the rock. 

We were standing where these men 

once stood, sweating where they 

once sweated, working to preserve 

the structure they designed and 

operated to sustain their family. As I 

gazed towards the distant Salton Sea, 

under the heat of an unrelenting sun, 

surrounded by the sounds of humans 

echoing among the boulders, I felt 

a kinship with these men, with the 

humans who had come here before us.

Cultural resource specialists serve 

as caretakers of the remains of our 

past, and follow strict standards for 

the treatment of historic properties. 

Every piece of splintered wood 

and each rusty artifact found near 

the site is carefully catalogued and 

meticulously reassembled to maintain 

the historical integrity of the site.

To preserve a historic structure is to 

preserve the cultural heritage and 

values of the people who built it. 

Preserving a cultural resource for 

future generations helps us maintain a 

stronger connection with our shared 

heritage. If you visit the Mastodon 

Mine site, please enjoy, but stay 

back. The current preservation effort 

still has one more phase of work to 

go. You will see some temporary 

wooden braces and protection on 

this structure until the final phase 

of historic preservation in fall 2015. 

Maintaining these mining structures 

in a state of “arrested decay” means 

that stabilization and preservation 

efforts are never complete, but are 

part of the ongoing management of 

cultural heritage resources in the park. 

by Park Ranger Lacy Ditto

A location notice legally describes the 

boundaries of a mining claim. The one 

shown below is for one of Joshua Tree’s 

most well-known historic mines, the 

Desert Queen Mine. Location notices 

are generally folded and placed in a 

Catalog numbers JOTR 29981, JOTR 29982

Location notice from the discovery marker for 

the Desert Queen Mine

container, which is then tucked into the 

center of a stack of stone markers. The 

discovery marker and location notice—

along with the associated stacked stone 

corner markers—delineate the miner’s 

claim. Years later, they often represent 

the only information available about 

the area and are extremely valuable 

to document the region’s history, 

making them important historically.

Like many of the desert’s stories, 

the tales of the beginnings of Desert 

Queen Mine are conflicting and 

colorful. A man named James is said 

to have explored the area around 

1892 or ’93. According to a newspaper 

account the claim was “jumped” and 

James was murdered. Other accounts 

credit a Native American sharing the 

location with local cowboys. The 

Desert Queen Mine operated from 

1895 to 1961 and was one of the more 

productive gold mines in the park.

by Museum Specialist Melanie Spoo

Report Damage to Park Resources

If you see someone damaging park resources ...

• Do not approach them.

• Note time, location, and other details including 

descriptions, and license plate/vehicle information. 

Take pictures if possible.

• Contact park staff as soon as possible at the nearest 

visitor center or entrance station. You may also report 

vandalism by calling 911 or park dispatch toll free at 

909-383-5651. 

We are all stewards of this land. If we want it to be 

here for future generations, we must keep it safe 

today.

Increasing popularity brings more and more people to 

Joshua Tree National Park every year. Most visitors are 

respectful, but there are the few who decide to leave a 

lasting impact on the park.

In recent years, park managers have been forced 

to close areas due to excessive vandalism. Some 

resources have been damaged to the extent that they 

can never be fully cleaned or replaced.

All parts of the park are protected by federal law.

Despite its apparent harshness, the desert is a land 

of extreme fragility. And remember: graffiti in a 

national park is not art.

Conservators at work removing graffiti from historic Barker Dam, spring 2015. As recently as 

2011, there was no graffiti on this structure; by 2014 the dam was almost completely defaced.

Joshua Tree’s Boulders

Th e b o u l d e r s a n d r o c k

formations of Joshua Tree National 

Park define the park landscape. The 

rocks catch the eye of climbers, 

photographers, hikers, and motorists. 

Most everyone asks, “What are they?” 

“Where did they come from?” or 

“What’s with all the strange shapes?”

WHAT ARE THEY?

Many visitors think the rocks look 

like layers of sandstone, but they 

are actually a kind of granite, not 

unlike the rock commonly used for 

countertops. Granites are igneous in 

origin, meaning they formed when 

hot, molten fluids within the earth’s 

crust gradually cooled into hard rock. 

Most granites in the park are a 

particular type called “monzogranite.” 

Joshua Tree’s monzogranites 

solidified beneath the surface of the 

Earth starting about 245 million 

years ago, with the youngest rocks 

formed over 100 million years ago.

WHERE DID THEY COME FROM?

About 250 million years ago—

before the dinosaurs came to 

dominate the planet—the thick 

North American plate began riding 

over the thinner Pacific Plate. The 

water-rich oceanic plate was forced 

under the continent at an angle.

Water at depth, where temperatures are 

extremely hot, helped to melt the rock 

into granitic magma. It was hot, liquid, 

and lightweight, and was able to ooze 

upward along deep-seated cracks in the 

crust that had been fractured by the 

fierce crunching of the charging plates.

Joshua Trees, of Course!

Joshua Tree National Park preserves a 

world-renowned, undisturbed population 

of Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia), an 

integral component of the Mojave Desert 

ecosystem.

Transition Between Two Deserts

Outstanding examples of Mojave and 

Colorado Desert landscapes converge 

at Joshua Tree National Park to create 

a biologically rich system of plant and 

animal life characterized by iconic Joshua 

tree woodlands, native palm oases, and 

vast expanses of creosote scrub that are 

uniquely adapted to desert conditions. The 

park also contributes significantly to the 

connectivity of large protected areas across 

the California desert.

Desert Wilderness Close to Major 

Urban Areas

Joshua Tree National Park provides 

accessible and diverse opportunities in 

a remote desert wildland to large and 

burgeoning urban populations.

History and Cultural Traditions

Joshua Tree National Park preserves a 

rich array of prehistoric, historic, and 

contemporary resources that demonstrate 

the integral connection between deserts, 

land use, and human cultures.

What Makes Joshua Tree 

National Park Significant?

Where the Pacific Plate Meets the 

North American Plate

Joshua Tree National Park lies along 

one of the world’s most active tectonic 

boundaries, the San Andreas Fault. 

Geologic processes, including tectonic 

activity, have played and continue to play 

a major role in shaping the mountains, 

valleys, and basins of the park.

Scientific Study

Joshua Tree National Park offers 

unparalleled opportunities for research 

of arid land ecosystems and processes, 

adaptations of and to desert life, 

sustainability, and indications of climate 

change. The proximity of the park to 

urban regions of Southern California and 

Nevada enhances the value of the park for 

scientific research and education.

Bouldered Landscape

Huge, eroded monzogranite boulder 

formations are world-renowned natural 

features that provide unique aesthetic, 

educational, and recreational opportunities 

for Joshua Tree National Park visitors.

Beautiful Scenery

Geologic, climatic, and ecological 

processes create scenic landscapes 

unique to deserts and fundamental to the 

character of Joshua Tree National Park.

The liquid granite couldn’t force itself 

all the way up to the surface, so the 

granite stalled and formed huge, ballshaped masses within the ancient rock. 

Over a long period of time, the great 

blobs of granite cooled and hardened.

The ancient rock, called gneiss 

(pronounced “nice”), began to erode. 

Over millions of years, the gneiss 

has completely vanished from the 

surface in most of the park. The 

gneiss, dark in color, does remain 

exposed on mountain tops. Younger 

and lighter-colored monzogranites 

are seen in the valley bottoms.

WHAT’S WITH ALL THE STRANGE SHAPES?

In many places in the park, the 

boulders appear as if some gigantic 

child piled them up. Some boulders 

have carved faces, are shaped like 

animals, or take other fanciful forms.

Cracks in the rocks and water

are the keys to the appearance 

of our rocks today.

Horizontal stresses from the collision 

of tectonic plates created sets of 

parallel, vertical fractures within 

the buried rock. Later, mountain 

building pushed the rocks upward 

to form sets of X-shaped cracks 

standing at angles in the granite. 

All the fractures were avenues for 

rainwater to seep downward through 

the rocks to etch and shape and round 

the originally angular blocks into the 

varied forms seen today in the park.

During the last Ice Age, the climate 

was cooler and wetter; rainwater was 

abundant. Much of the water etching 

occurred then. No glaciers existed 

this far south at these elevations, so 

glaciers were not a factor in making 

the landscape we see today.

by Dar Spearing, Ph.D.

1. Parallel sets of fractures formed in the hard 

monzogranite while it was still underground. 

Water began infiltrating along the cracks.

2. The edges and corners of buried rock blocks 

became rounded as water broke the rock down 

into smaller particles.

3. Erosion carried away the small particles of 

broken-down rock, exposing the rounded rocks 

that had once been beneath the surface.

8 Joshua Tree Guide October 2015 – January 2016 9
The park is home to three tarantula 

species, including the Joshua Tree tarantula 

(Aphonopelma joshua). This small species 

is only about an inch across and lives only 

in and around Joshua Tree National Park.

Tarantulas live a long time! Females may 

live for 25-30 years. Males often don’t 

make it past age 10 or 12.

A male tarantula can travel up to 50 miles 

while seeking a female.

Tarantulas have eight eyes, but don’t rely 

on them while hunting. Instead, tarantulas 

sense prey using the vibration-detecting 

hairs (called setae) that cover their bodies.

The tarantula hawk is a parasitic wasp 

that paralyzes tarantulas with a sting. The 

female wasp lays an egg on it. When the 

wasp larva emerges, it burrows into the 

tarantula and consumes the abdominal 

organs and fluids. In other words: it eats 

the tarantula alive.

Kids of all ages are invited to 

participate in Joshua Tree National 

Park’s Junior Ranger program.

Kids can earn a Joshua Tree Junior 

Ranger badge by completing 

the official activity book. Stop 

by any park visitor center or 

entrance station to pick one up.

In addition to completing ageappropriate activities in the booklet, 

kids are asked to attend a rangerled program such as a patio talk, 

guided walk, or evening program (see 

schedule, p. 7). We even offer a special 

“Story Time with a 

Ranger” program at 

Joshua Tree Visitor 

Center on Saturday 

afternoons at 2:00.

If attending a 

ranger program isn’t possible, 

kids can fulfill this requirement 

by learning from exhibits in a 

visitor center or along a trail.

The Junior Ranger program is designed 

for kids ages 4-14, but anyone can 

do it. (Older “kids” should expect 

to be asked to do more activities!)

Be a Junior Ranger Citizen Science at Work

Night Sky Almanac Just Looking for Love

Joshua Tree National Park Association

Park Partner

Be a Part of the Adventure

The Joshua Tree National Park Association has been supporting preservation, scientific research and education 

at Joshua Tree National Park since 1962. As the park’s primary non-profit partner, we operate four visitor center 

bookstores that are often the first stop for visitors from around the world; offer a field institute with classes taught 

by experts in natural sciences, cultural history and the arts; and raise funds for the park though public events and 

our membership program. Join us and make the most of your Joshua Tree experience!

Connect with Nature

Whatever your passion, you’ll learn more about Joshua Tree National Park at our visitor center bookstores. 

Wildflower identification, climbing and hiking guides, birding, geology, stargazing, native plants, and local history 

are just a few of the topics included in our great selection of books. And don’t forget the kids: we have games, 

activity books, everyone’s favorite desert animals and Junior Ranger gear. Start your journey now at our online 

store, www.joshuatree.org/store/

Experience the Great Outdoors

Pick up a trail guide in the bookstore, or sign up for a Desert Institute field class and make the park your classroom. If you don’t see exactly what you’re 

looking for, a custom program will ensure a perfect fit! Classes are not offered in the summer months, but take home a schedule and plan ahead.

Become a Member

Join the Joshua Tree National Park Association and you’ll support park programs and projects while enjoying some great benefits. Our members are a 

committed group of supporters whose contributions each year help the park fulfill its educational, interpretive, and research plans. As a member you’ll 

have the satisfaction of knowing that you are supporting youth programs, scientific research and the park’s historical collections, and you will assist in 

the preservation of our fragile desert environment for generations to come.

 Your annual membership includes these benefits:

• 15% discount on merchandise at Joshua Tree National Park Association bookstores, with reciprocal bookstore discounts 

at many other National Parks

• Keys Views, our JTNPA newsletter, and a monthly e-newsletter update on park events

• Invitations to special events

• $10 discount off every Desert Institute class

Please ask for a membership brochure at one of the Joshua Tree Visitor Centers or call 760-367-5535.

www.joshuatree.org

OCT. 8 – DRACONID METEOR SHOWER 

Best viewing in the early evening. 

Expect about 10 meteors per hour.

OCT. 11 – URANUS AT OPPOSITION 

Uranus will be closer to Earth 

than any other time of the year 

and will be illuminated by the Sun, 

appearing as a tiny blue-green dot.

OCT. 13 – NEW MOON 

Best time of the month for viewing 

the Milky Way and star clusters. 

OCT. 16 – MERCURY 

Visible before sunrise, just above 

the horizon in the eastern sky.

OCT. 21-22 – ORIONID METEOR SHOWER

Best viewing of these meteors—

dust grains left behind by Halley’s 

Comet—will be after midnight. 

Expect about 20 meteors per hour.

OCT. 27 – FULL MOON

OCT. 28 – VENUS, MARS & JUPITER 

Don’t miss this rare conjunction! 

Look to the eastern sky before 

sunrise. Bright Venus, Mars, and 

Jupiter will form a triangle, with 

the planets just 1 degree apart. 

NOV. 5 – TAURID METEOR SHOWER 

Expect about 10 meteors per hour.

NOV. 11 – NEW MOON

NOV. 17-18 – LEONID METEOR SHOWER 

Best viewing will be after midnight 

and into the early morning, with 

about 15 meteors per hour. 

NOV. 25 – FULL MOON

DEC. 7 – MOON & VENUS

The waning crescent moon 

will appear within 2 degrees 

of bright Venus in the eastern 

sky just before sunrise. 

DEC. 11 – NEW MOON

DEC. 13-14 – GEMINID METEOR SHOWER 

This shower should be spectacular, 

producing an expected 120 

multicolored meteors per hour 

at its peak after midnight. 

DEC. 21-22 – URSID METEOR SHOWER 

This minor meteor shower is expected 

to produce about 5-10 meteors per hour. 

DEC. 22 – SOLSTICE

The South Pole of the earth will 

be tilted towards the Sun, making 

this the shortest day of the year 

in the Northern Hemisphere 

(and the first day of winter). 

DEC. 25 – FULL MOON

DEC. 29 – MERCURY 

Look towards the western sky, low 

on the horizon, just after sunset.

2016

JAN. 3-4 – QUADRANTID METEOR SHOWER

Expect about 40 meteors per hour. 

JAN. 10 – NEW MOON

JAN. 24 – FULL MOON

starred events are of special note

Ahead of you, you’re startled to see 

something that looks almost like a 

little hand in the middle of the road. 

The “fingers” wave as it glides slowly 

across the pavement. You stop, not 

wanting to run it over. Only then do 

you realize you’ve spotted a tarantula.

Tarantulas are a common sight in 

October, when the males venture out 

of their burrows in search of mates. 

A male may travel a surprisingly 

long way as he tries to catch the 

scent of a female. Once he does, he’ll 

drum the ground by her burrow to 

see if she’s interested in mating.

Tarantulas spend most of their time 

underground, emerging at night to 

hunt insects and other small animals. 

The fall mating season is a special time 

because we get a chance to see these 

usually shy and solitary creatures.

If you’re lucky enough to spot a 

tarantula on your visit, enjoy it 

without getting too close. A frightened 

tarantula may rear up on its hind legs 

and flick barbed hairs from its belly at 

its attacker. The hairs can cause skin 

irritation. Tarantulas can bite, but it’s 

usually no worse than a bee sting for 

a human. Just give the spider space, 

and you’ll both walk away happy.

Please drive carefully to avoid 

squishing our tarantulas. These 

big spiders are part of the desert 

wildlife community that makes 

Joshua Tree National Park so 

special—and, like all animals in the 

park, they are protected by law.

Tarantula Facts

Joshua trees are icons of the Mojave 

Desert. These unusual-looking plants 

are true survivors, living for hundreds 

of years in one of the most extreme 

environments in the United States. Like 

other desert flora and fauna, though, 

the well-adapted Joshua tree now 

faces a new threat: climate change.

Joshua Tree National Park has 

teamed up with the University 

of California, Riverside, and the 

Earthwatch Institute to study how 

climate change impacts desert 

species. Earthwatch enlists citizen 

scientists to help collect long-term data 

alongside professional researchers. 

As volunteers, citizen scientists assist 

with tasks like monitoring vegetation 

transects and checking pitfall traps 

for reptiles and small mammals.

Data will contribute to scientists’ 

models of how climate change is 

playing out locally, and will better 

inform our understanding of how 

sensitive species will respond. This 

information will ultimately be used 

to direct park management decisions 

and help us protect the species that are 

most threatened by climate change.

by Wildlife Biologist Kristen Lalumiere

Save Water: Live Like a Desert Native

Wat e r c o n s e r vat i o n i s a lwa y s

important in the desert, but saving 

water is even more critical during the 

current period of historic drought in the 

state of California. We can learn about 

how to be water-wise by looking to the 

example of desert native species, which 

have evolved to cope with rains that 

are not only scarce but unpredictable. 

Native plants know how to hunker 

down and conserve water during tough 

times—and that’s a valuable lesson for 

all of us who live in or visit the desert.

When gazing out over vast expanses 

of desert terrain, the untrained eye 

may skip over what appear to be dead 

shrubs. But a landscape that often 

gets dismissed as drab and barren 

is in fact full of thriving life. Desert 

native plants are no strangers to scant 

precipitation, and have adapted to the 

harsh uncertainty of water availability 

by developing a cyclical defense 

mechanism: plants spend much of the 

year dormant, growing and flowering 

mainly when water is available.

The desert looks most glorious in the 

spring season, and is at its best in years 

when late winter and early spring bring 

abundant rain. The extensive root systems of “dead-looking” plants respond 

to limited seasonal water as if it were a 

gift, absorbing as much as possible and 

then producing showy greenery and 

floral palettes in gratitude. The plants 

take advantage of the wet season as an 

opportunity to grow and reproduce.

When extreme summer heat arrives, 

the same plants withdraw their 

outward displays of spring’s promise 

and splendor, pulling back into lifesupport mode. Though they may 

seem unsightly, these plants are 

not only alive, but continuing to 

contribute to the wellbeing of other 

desert species. Many desert plants 

go to seed in the summer, providing 

much-appreciated sustenance for 

birds and small animals. With the 

monsoon rains of late summer, fallen 

seeds sprout and establish roots in 

preparation for the cold winter ahead.

From a desert plant’s perspective, 

both summer and winter can be 

hostile seasons that require a serious 

investment in water efficiency. Plants 

focus their energy on growing deep 

or spreading roots. A well-developed 

root system then allows them to soak 

up the occasional rain. Plants also cut 

back on moisture loss with adaptations 

like small, waxy, or drought-deciduous 

leaves. Plants may hope for rain, 

but they prepare for drought.

Humans in the desert need to do 

the same. Residents of Joshua Tree 

National Park’s gateway communities 

are all working to save water. 

“Save water: live like a desert 

native” is more than a motto. It’s 

a mindset to use water wisely. Be 

conscious of every precious drop. 

After all, water is life to all of us.

by Kathleen Radnich of the 

Joshua Basin Water District,

a park partner

The National Park Service encourages you 

to do your part to conserve water while 

you visit Joshua Tree and the surrounding 

area. Here are a few simple things you can 

do to make a difference:

• When eating out, only order water if 

you plan to drink it.

• Reuse linens and towels during your 

stay as a guest.

• Take short showers (3-5 minutes) 

instead of lingering under the spray or 

taking a bath.

• Swamp coolers use lots of water. 

Please turn them off when you’re not 

in the room.

• While visiting, if you see what you 

think is a water leak or a wet area 

where none should be, contact the 

local Water District.

Thank you for helping us protect our 

precious water resources.

Tips for Saving Water







10 Joshua Tree Guide October 2015 – January 2016 11
The National Park Service turns 100 on August 25, 2016, and you’re 

invited to take part in the celebration! The centennial will kick off 

a second century of stewardship of America’s national parks and 

engaging communities through recreation, conservation, and historic 

preservation programs. Learn more at www.findyourpark.com.

National Park Service

U.S. Department of the Interior

Joshua Tree National Park

74485 National Park Drive

Twentynine Palms, CA 92277

Emergency

Dial 911 or 909-383-5651

Ranger Programs

Program Meeting

Location

Duration,

Distance Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat.

Footsteps of the Past November 1 - January 24

Explore how humans have learned to live in harmony with the 

desert. 

Barker Dam parking area 1.5 hours

1 mi (1.6 km) 9:00 am

Joshua Tree Rocks! November 1 - January 24

Examine the geology of this remarkable area. Skull Rock parking area 1-1.5 hours1 mi (1.6 km) 9:00 am

Mastodon Peak Hike November 1 - January 24

Discover the early mining history of the park.

Cottonwood Springs parking lot2 hours

3 mi (4.8 km) 9:00 am

Cottonwood Canyon Walk November 1 - January 24

Explore Cottonwood Canyon on a nature walk.

Mile Marker 33, south of 

the Cottonwood Visitor 

Center; park in roadside 

pullouts

45 minutes

1 mile (1.6 km) 9:00 am

Cholla Garden Chat November 1 - January 24

Drop by for casual conversation with a ranger. Bring your 

questions about the Cholla Cactus Garden and the Pinto Basin.

Cholla Cactus Garden drop-in 9:00 am - 

10:30 am

“I Speak for the Trees” Walk November 1 - January 24

Take a walk with a ranger and discover the park’s namesake. Cap Rock Nature Trail 1 hour0.4 mi (0.6 km) 2:00 pm 9:00 am

Patio Talk November 1 - January 24

Ranger’s choice! Learn about one of many fascinating aspects 

of the park.

Oasis Visitor Center 15-30 min 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am

Joshua Tree Visitor Center 15-30 min 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am 10:00 am

Cottonwood Visitor Center 15-30 min 2:00 pm 2:00 pm 2:00 pm 2:00 pm 2:00 pm 2:00 pm 2:00 pm

Conversation with a Ranger November 1 - January 24

Join a ranger for an interactive discussion about an issue facing 

the park.

Oasis of Mara Visitor Center 1 hour 2:00 pm 2:00 pm

Oasis Walk November 1 - January 24

Explore the history and ecology of a desert oasis. Oasis of Mara Visitor Center 1-1.5 hours0.5 mi (0.8 km) 3:00 pm

Story Time with a Ranger November 1 - January 24

Especially for families with young children! Join a ranger for a 

read-aloud story about an aspect of the desert.

Joshua Tree Visitor Center 30 min 3:00 pm

Keys Ranch Tour October 11 - January 31

Explore the colorful story and numerous artifacts of this premier historical site. 

Reservations are required.

Tickets must be purchased at least 24 hours in advance. You 

may purchase tickets by phone at 760-367-5522, or in person 

at the Joshua Tree and Oasis Visitor Centers. 

Adults (12 & up) $10; Senior Pass or Access Pass holders $5; 

children ages 6-11 $5; children under 6 free.

Keys Ranch Gate

1.5 hours

0.5 mi (0.8 km) 10:00 am 2:00 pm 2:00 pm

Evening Program 

Relax beneath the stars and enjoy a presentation about the 

park’s fascinating natural or cultural history. Check at a visitor 

center for topics.

Jumbo Rocks Campground 

Amphitheater

October 1 - January 31

45 min 7:00 pm 7:00 pm

Cottonwood Campground 

Amphitheater

October 1 - January 31

45 min 7:00 pm 7:00 pm

Black Rock Canyon Nature 

Center 

November 1 - December 31

45 min 7:00 pm 7:00 pm

Full Moon Hike see specific dates at right

Explore the park after dark with a ranger.

Reservations are required. Space is limited based on number 

of vehicles; carpooling is strongly encouraged. 

Make reservations by calling 760-367-5522.

Meeting time and location 

will be disclosed when you 

make your reservation.

1.5 hours

1 mi (1.6 km) Dec. 27 Oct. 26 Nov. 24 Nov. 25 Dec. 26

Discover Joshua Tree with free guided 

walks, talks, and evening programs 

given by park rangers and volunteers. 

Learn how humans, wildlife, and 

vegetation have adapted to survive 

in the desert, and how geologic 

forces have shaped this arid land.

Programs start promptly at the 

times noted below, so arrive a few 

minutes early to allow time for 

parking. Children under age 16 

must be accompanied by an adult. 

Programs take place outdoors, but 

may be canceled or moved inside 

during inclement weather or 

if there is a danger of lightning.

Please dress in layers to prepare 

for changing conditions. Wear 

closed-toe shoes to protect your 

feet. Carry plenty of water with 

you. For evening programs, bring 

extra warm layers and a flashlight.

Flintknapping

Demonstrations

Join Cultural Resources Branch Chief Jay Theuer to 

learn about the traditional craft of flintknapping: 

working stone to create tools.

Public flintknapping demos will be held on 

the patio outside the Oasis Visitor Center in 

Twentynine Palms from 8:30 am - 12:30 pm on 

Saturday, October 24 and Saturday, October 

31. Come with your questions or just drop by to 

watch! Stay as long as you wish.

12