Consolidation of the 

1985 Sandia National 

Laboratories/Factory 

Mutual Main Control 

Room and Electrical 

Cabinet Fire Test Data

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

NUREG-2164
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infringe privately owned rights.
Consolidation of the 

1985 Sandia National 

Laboratories/Factory 

Mutual Main Control 

Room and Electrical 

Cabinet Fire Test Data

Manuscript Completed: September 2014

Date Published: May 2015

Prepared by: 

F. Gonzalez, N. Melly, S. Nowlen* and J.M. Chavez*

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

Washington, DC 20555-0001

*Sandia National Laboratories

Albuquerque, NM 87185

Operated by Sandia Corporation

For the U.S. Department of Energy

F. Gonzalez, NRC Project Manager

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

NUREG-2164

 

iii

ABSTRACT

This report consolidates and refines the details and all the data recorded during the 1985 series 

of 25 main control room (MCR) fire tests performed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). 

These tests were conducted at the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) for the 

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) under direct contract to SNL. The objective of 

these tests was to provide experimental data to validate computer fire models in the analysis of 

nuclear power plant (NPP) large enclosure fires. While select parts of the data have previously 

been reported, no single consolidated report was prepared to produce the data in a high quality, 

usable manner; this report fills that need.

FMRC performed these fire tests in a test enclosure simulating a typical space in an NPP MCR. 

The test enclosure measured 18.3 meters (m) x 12.2 m x 6.1 m [60 feet (ft) x 40 ft x 20 ft]. The 

original program had two phases: (1) the development of fire in electrical cabinets and (2) the 

effect of those fires on a simulated MCR. Propylene gas burner, heptane pool, methanol pool, 

polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) solids, qualified cables and unqualified cables were used as 

fire sources. The parameters included were fire intensity, fire location, ventilation rate, and fire 

burning mode. The tests recorded over 300 data channels, which included measurements such 

as air and surface temperature, air velocity, heat fluxes, optical smoke density, and gas 

concentrations. 

This report is an updated and expanded compilation of the test details as described in 

NUREG/CR-4681, “Enclosure Environment Characterization Testing for the Base Line 

Validation of Computer Fire Simulation Codes,” NUREG/CR-4527, “An Experimental 

Investigation of Internally Ignited Fires in Nuclear Power Plant Control Cabinets, Volume II: 

Room Effects Tests;” and Steve Nowlen’s “Survivor’s Guide for Users of the Baseline Validation 

Test Data” (Nowlen, 1999). These two NUREGs and the “Survivor’s Guide” are included on 

Supplement 1 (CD) and provide an historical discussion of the testing methods and examples of 

part of the data. Most of this data has never been used the lack of availability, lack of fire 

modeling research in this area, and the difficulty in accessing and extracting the original data,

which is, in part, because these tests were ahead of their time. The purpose of this report is to 

make the data gathered by FMRC in 1985 more readily available and easier to use. The data 

was converted to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet file format to facilitate its use and is contained 

in electronic format in Supplement 1 of this report; this data is also available through/by 

contacting the NRC’s Fire Research Branch. These completed data sets are now used in 

NUREG-1824, “Verification and Validation of Selected Fire Models for Nuclear Power Plant 

Applications.”

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................iii

LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................vii

LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................................ix

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................xi

NOMENCLATURE.....................................................................................................................xi

1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 1

2. REVISION OF THE TEST DESCRIPTIONS AND DATA...................................................... 3

2.1 Revision of Figures and Test Descriptions.............................................................. 3

2.2 Extraction and Revision of the Test Data................................................................ 4

3. EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY................................................................................................. 7

3.1 Compartment Measurements and Characteristics .................................................. 7

3.2 Ventilation............................................................................................................... 7

3.3 Room Configurations.............................................................................................. 8

4. INSTRUMENTATION......................................................................................................... 17

5. FIRE CHARACTERISTICS AND IGNITION SOURCES..................................................... 23

5.1 Fire Sources ..........................................................................................................23

5.2 Fire Locations........................................................................................................25

6. TEST DESCRIPTION AND PARAMETERS....................................................................... 27

7. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 29

APPENDIX A: TEST DATA CHANNEL MAP .........................................................................A-1

APPENDIX B: EXAMPLE OF DATA AVAILABLE ON THE CD: TEST 1 DATA.....................B-1

B.1 Test Summary Sheet...........................................................................................B-1

B.2 Wall Properties Sheet..........................................................................................B-5

B.3 1-179 TC Data Sheet ..........................................................................................B-6

B.4 180-197 Flow Probes Sheet..............................................................................B-25

B.5 198-203 Pressure Differential Sheet..................................................................B-27

B.6 204-211 Optical Density Sheet..........................................................................B-29

B.7 212-221 Gas Concentration Sheet ....................................................................B-31

B.8 222-249 Heat and Mass Loss Sheet .................................................................B-33
vi

B.9 250-306 Raw Data Sheet ..................................................................................B-38

B.10 Collector Report Sheet......................................................................................B-38

B.11 Heat Flux Report Sheet.....................................................................................B-42
vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Isometric View of the Test Enclosure Configuration 1 with Its Three 

Fire Locations (Locations 1, 2 and 3) and the Ventilation System .............................. 9

Figure 2: Plan View of the Test Enclosure Configuration 1 with the Three Fire 

Locations (Locations 1, 2 and 3) and the Ventilation System ................................... 10

Figure 3: Plan View of Test Enclosure and Location of Air Ducts ............................................ 11

Figure 4: Isometric View of the Test Enclosure Configuration 2 with Its Four Fire 

Locations (Cabinets A and C and Locations 1 and 3)............................................... 12

Figure 5: Plan View of the Test Enclosure Configuration 2 with Its Four Fire 

Locations (Cabinets A and C and Locations 1 and 3)............................................... 13

Figure 6: Schematic of Bench-Board Cabinets A, B, E, and F................................................. 14

Figure 7: Schematic of Cabinets C, D, G, H, and I .................................................................. 15

Figure 8: Legend for the Instrumentation set up and locations in Figure 10............................. 18

Figure 9: Vertical Location of the Instrumentation in each Array shown in 

Figure 10.................................................................................................................. 18

Figure 10: Plan View of the Instrumentation Set Up and Locations in the Test Enclosure ....... 19

Figure 11: Top View Schematic of Cabinet Instrumentation Layout......................................... 20

Figure 12: Growth Mode for the Gas Burner Tests.................................................................. 24

Figure 13: Growth Mode for Mock-Up Gas Burner Tests......................................................... 24

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary of the Excel File Sheet Titles and Description of the Data ........................... 3

Table 2: Matrix of Base Line Validation Tests Conducted in the Open Enclosure 

Configuration ............................................................................................................ 27

Table 3: Matrix of Base Line Validation Tests Conducted in the Control Room 

Mock Up Configuration.............................................................................................. 28

ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We acknowledge the original efforts of authors J.M. Chavez, Steve Nowlen, and Factory Mutual 

Research Corporation (FMRC) for these fire tests and reports. For historical purposes, their 

original reports are included in Supplement 1 (CD). This report summarizes and in most 

descriptions utilizes the same wording as the original documents; hence, we would like to give

credit to the original authors for the work described herein. We especially recognize

Mr. Steve Nowlen for lending his support, responding to questions, and reviewing the report for 

details that may have been excluded or captured incorrectly/partially from the original reports. 

We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Kevin McGrattan from the National Institute 

of Standards and Technology (NIST), Dave W. Stroup, and Mark Henry Salley from the U.S. 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES),

Naeem Iqball from the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR), and Francisco Joglar from 

Hughes Associates for their comments and suggestions during the review of this NUREG. 

Finally, we would like to acknowledge the excellent assistance offered by Ms. Anita Aikins-Afful

and Ms. Jade M. Garrison of U.S. NRC’s, RES, Division of Risk Analysis for final technical 

editing of the document.

xi

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ch/hr changes/hour; room air changes per hour

cfm cubic foot per minute

FMRC Factory Mutual Research Corporation

FPC Fire Product Collector

MCR main control room

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

NPP nuclear power plant

NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate

ppm parts per million

RES Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

RTV room temperature vulcanization

SAIC Science Applications International Corporation

SI International System of Units

SNL Sandia National Laboratories

TC thermocouple

THC total hydrocarbons

VB Visual Basic

NOMENCLATURE o

C degrees Celsius

J/m joules per meter

ft. foot

ft3 cubic foot

ft3

/s cubic foot per second

m meters

m/s meters per second

m3 cubic meter

m3

/s cubic meter per second

s seconds

kW/m2 kilowatt per meter squared

ppm part per million

W watt

1

1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

In 1985, Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) conducted a series of 25 full-scale 

electrical cabinet and main control room (MCR) fire tests for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission (NRC) under direct contract to Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The primary 

purpose of these tests was to provide data on various characteristics of the fire environment in a 

large enclosure to aid in the development and validation of computer fire models. 

These fire tests were performed in an enclosure simulating a typical space in a nuclear power 

plant (NPP) MCR. The MCR test enclosure measured 18.3 meters (m) x 12.2 m x 6.1 m 

[60 feet (ft.) x 40 ft. x 20 ft.]. FMRC performed 18 tests in the empty MCR test enclosure while it 

performed the other 7 tests with mock-up electrical cabinets inside the MCR enclosure. Tests 1 

through 18 investigated the effects of various fire sources in a large enclosure. Tests 19

through 25 investigated the effects of simulated electrical cabinet fires in a large enclosure.

Propylene gas burner, heptane pool, methanol pool, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) solids, 

qualified cables, and unqualified cables were used as fire sources. Among the parameters 

varied were fire intensity, fire location, ventilation rate, and fire burning mode. Over 300 data 

channels were recorded during these fire tests, including air and surface temperatures, gas

velocities, calorimeters, heat fluxes, optical smoke densities, and gas concentrations.

The purpose of this report is to make the fire test data and information more readily available 

and easier to understand and use. Revised figures, tables, test details, and data spreadsheets

are included in this report. This report also includes a description of the process used to revise 

and convert the comma delimited original data files into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

This report was based on the test details and data as described in NUREG/CR-4681,

“Enclosure Environment Characterization Testing for the Base Line Validation of Computer Fire 

Simulation Codes,” NUREG/CR-4527, “An Experimental Investigation of Internally Ignited Fires 

in Nuclear Power Plant Control Cabinets, Volume II: Room Effects Tests,” and Steve Nowlen’s

“Survivor’s Guide for Users of the Baseline Validation Test Data” [Nowlen, 1999] which are

included in the Supplement 1. The two NUREGs provide a detailed discussion of the testing 

methods and examples of part of the data. The intent of this report and its data CD is to update

the above-mentioned documents. This report can be considered a revision and compilation of 

these documents since it summarizes and in most descriptions utilizes the same wording as the 

original documents. 

Most of this data has never been used because of the lack of availability and the difficulty of 

accessing and extracting the data from the original data files. NUREG-1824, “Verification and 

Validation of Selected Fire Models for Nuclear Power Plant Applications,” which was published 

in 2007, provides an example and analysis of how this data could be used to verify and validate 

computer fire models. The NRC expects information from the current report to be included in 

future updates of NUREG-1824.

3

2. REVISION OF THE TEST DESCRIPTIONS AND DATA

2.1 Revision of Figures and Test Descriptions

This document revises and compiles the test figures and descriptions from NUREG/CR-4681,

“Enclosure Environment Characterization Testing for the Base Line Validation of Computer Fire 

Simulation Codes”; NUREG/CR-4527, “An Experimental Investigation of Internally Ignited Fires 

in Nuclear Power Plant Control Cabinets, Volume II: Room Effects Tests”; and Steve Nowlen’s 

“Survivor’s Guide for Users of the Baseline Validation Test Data” [Nowlen, 1999] into a single 

document. This report summarizes all the information, descriptions, and issues on the test 

enclosure and each of the 25 main control room (MCR) tests.

The figures included in the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) reports were updated to reflect

updated graphics and a three-dimensional view of the test configurations. The amount of detail 

in the dimensions and locations of the mock-up equipment, air ducts, instrumentation, and fire 

locations was increased to the extent possible. The three-dimensional figures were created 

from information found in the original documents. Other updates and additions include a 

revised test data channel map and addition of SI (International System of Units) and 

English units. 

The original reports provide an example and discussion of some of the test data available. 

Some of the test data that is discussed includes Tests 4, 5, and 21 in NUREG/CR-4681 and 

Tests 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 in NUREG/CR-4527. The “Survivor’s Guide” provides details on 

common issues encountered through each of the tests. This report includes a general 

description of the tests.

The data files included in Supplement 1 contain one Excel “Workbook” file for each test. Each 

Workbook contains multiple spreadsheets (See Table 1). These spreadsheets contain 

information on test parameters, test issues, wall properties, and the sensor data from before 

ignition to extinction of the fire. A “Summary” sheet on the “General Report” data Excel 

spreadsheet contains the specific details and issues for each of the tests. Efforts were made to 

recover the original pictures taken during the tests but they were unsuccessful.
4

Table 1: Summary of the Excel File Sheet Titles and Description of the Data

(See Section 4 on Instrumentation and Appendix A for the Exact Location of 

Each of the Sensors in the Enclosure)

Sheet Title Description

Test Summary Sheet containing a summary of the test fire parameters and specific issues 

during testing

Wall Properties Test Enclosure Wall properties used by SNL

1-179 TC Data Temperature data of the Thermocouples

180-197 Flow Probes Vertical and Horizontal Flows data

198-203 P Diff Pressure differential data

204-211 Opt Dens Smoke optical density data

212-221 Gas Gas concentration data

222-249 Heat & Mass Surface heat flux data

250-306 Data Processing channels of raw data. This data is used to generate the flow 

probes and gas analyzers data in the above channels

Collector Report Contains the data of the fire products and exhaust gases

Heat Flux Report Large and small sphere calorimeters located in matched pairs at various 

locations within the room to estimate the heat flux at a given location

Note: See “Appendix A: Test Data Channel Map” for specific description of each channel

2.2 Extraction and Revision of the Test Data

SNL/Factory Mutual main control room (FM MCR) fire tests recorded data from over 300 

sensors including thermocouples, gas velocity probes, smoke density meters, heat flux gauges, 

gas sampling ports, and mass loss. This data was recorded using a computer, data acquisition

system, and associated software to collect, extract and display the data. Before this NUREG,

there were two methods of accessing the original data from the 1980s tests. These two 

methods were either opening the file with a text editor or using FMREADR, a FORTRAN based 

DOS program. These two methods of accessing the data made the process of graphing and 

plotting extremely tedious because of the quantity of data points and manual extraction 

required.

This report makes the test data more accessible to fire modelers, engineers, and scientists who 

might be interested in MCR fires and fires in similar room geometries. By using a combination 

of the Text Import Wizard from Excel, “manual modifications,” and automation with Visual 

Basic (VB), the data was converted to Microsoft Excel. The Excel Text Import Wizard converted 

the text from the original file into the Excel-recognized format of rows, columns, and cells. The 

data for each test was then organized into a common template by performing manual 

modifications in the spreadsheet. Lastly, VB Macros were used to create organized 

spreadsheets with plots of each of the sensors. Random data point checks and maximum 

values were recalculated using Excel functions and compared with the original data for 

verification of the file conversion. 

Among the revisions is the compilation of the “General Report,” “Flux Report,” and “Collector 

Report” data into a single spreadsheet file per test. The data from these reports can be found in 

the spreadsheets under the “SNL FM Baseline Validation Test Data Excel” folder on the 

included Supplement 1 (CD).
5

A sheet with each test summary was added. This “Summary” sheet includes a description of 

the test parameters and comments for each of the tests as found in NUREG/CR-4681, 

NUREG/CR-4528, and Steve Nowlen’s “Survivor’s Guide for Users of the Baseline Validation 

Test Data” [Nowlen, 1999]. These “Summary” sheets addition were added to make the data 

spreadsheets standalone and minimize the need to refer back to the reports (or “Survivor’s 

Guide”) for details of each tests. Other revisions to the data include:

(1) Time was changed to seconds instead of the “min: sec” format from the original data 

files or “minutes” format from the FMREADER program.

(2) The “Time Zero Double Logging” and other issues are now resolved as recommended in 

Nowlen’s Survivor’s Guide for Users of the Baseline Validation Test Data” 

[Nowlen, 1999].

(3) Sensor data is now plotted vs. time in the Excel spreadsheets.

In the original data files, the “Enclosure Surface Heat Flux Data” (Channels 231-243) were not 

reported correctly. The issue with this data could not be resolved as recommended by the 

“Survivor’s Guide” because of the unavailability of a conversion factor (milliampere [mA] to 

engineering units (watt per square meter [W/m2 ]) needed to convert the raw data to the 

processed data. As such, this data is lost.

7

3. EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY

Note: The descriptions provided here were summarized from NUREG/CR-4681, 

NUREG/CR-4527, and the “Survivor’s Guide for Users of the Baseline Validation Test Data.”

3.1 Compartment Measurements and Characteristics

The test enclosure was located and isolated from the environment, enclosed by an exterior 

building in the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) Test Center in Rhode Island (now 

known as FM Global Research Campus). The enclosure simulated the dimensions of a “typical” 

nuclear power plant main control room (MCR) and measured 18.3 meters (m) x 12.2 m x 6.1 m

[60 feet (ft.) x 40 ft. x 20 ft.]. The inside surfaces of the walls and ceiling were lined with 25 

millimeter (mm) (1 inch) thick marinite panels in an effort to simulate the behavior and 

characteristics of concrete walls such as those encountered in a nuclear power plant (NPP). 

An analysis of the wall temperature test data should validate this assumption, even though this 

analysis has never been performed. The marinite panels were securely fastened with lag 

screws to an external framework constructed of 50 mm x 150 mm (2 in x 6 in, nominal 

dimensions) framing lumber. It should be noted that oversized holes were drilled in the panels 

and washers provided for the lag screws in order to minimize both mechanical and thermal 

cracking effects. Additional support braces were provided between wall studs, at the ceiling 

corners, over doorways and observation windows. Seams formed by the marinite panels were 

backed by the wooden framework, and a bead of high-temperature silicone sealant was 

provided in all seams (i.e., room temperature vulcanization [RTV]). The RTV was to allow the 

panels to expand when subjected to elevated temperatures and help maintain a sufficient 

airtight environment. The ceiling was suspended from five 12.9 m (42.3 ft.), open-web steel 

joists which were supported and held in place by the north and south walls. This type of support 

system allowed the enclosure interior to be free of vertical obstructions. Observation windows 

(wire glass) were located on the north and south walls of the room for both visual and 

photographic monitoring of test events and access doors were provided along the north, east,

and west walls (See Figure 1). The floor of the enclosure was comprised of the concrete slab 

that forms the foundation of the test building. 

3.2 Ventilation 

A forced ventilation system with six inlet ports (one inlet per 37 m2 [400 ft2

] of floor area) and 

one outlet port were installed in the enclosure (See Figures 1, 2 and 3). This system was 

capable of providing ventilation rates from one to ten room air changes per hour. The inlet ports 

extended through the ceiling of the enclosure to a point 1.22 m (4 ft.) below the ceiling (See 

Figure 1). These inlets were capped with standard, commercially available four-way air 

diffusers. The inlet ports were extended in this way in order to simulate typical design practices 

in NPPs while at the same time introducing as few internal obstructions within the enclosure as 

possible. Typical NPP installations involve an air duct run at some distance (0.9-1.5 m [3-5 ft.]) 

below the true ceiling with ventilation grills set into the bottom of this air duct. Simulation of the 

height at which the inlet air was introduced into the enclosure and the available ventilation flow 

rate were considered the primary effects of interest.

A single outlet/exhaust port was located in the ceiling along the east wall of the test enclosure 

(See Figures 1 to 3). The exhaust port measured approximately 0.61 m (2 ft.) by 1.83 m (6 ft.)
8

with an open-grille and was equipped with damper control to help balance the system pressure. 

The outlet was placed in the ceiling in order to increase the sensitivity of the exhaust duct 

instrumentation to changes in the fire intensity. The outlet duct was sized such that the 

minimum pressure drop through the outlet for anticipated ventilation rates would be 30 Pa (1/8

inch of water). This pressure corresponds to typical control room operating pressures. Totally 

unrestricted air flow out of the enclosure would not be representative of actual NPP conditions.

Four ventilation rates were used: 1 room air change per hour, 4.4 room air changes per hour, 8 

room air changes per hour, and 10 room air changes per hour. These rates correspond to 

800 cubic feet per minute (cfm) (0.38 m3

/s), 3500 cfm (1.65 m3/s), 6400 cfm (3.02 m3/s), and 

8,000 cfm (3.78 m3

/s), respectively. The lowest ventilation rate corresponds to a typical 

ventilation rate for general NPP enclosures and some control rooms. The highest rate

corresponds to that suggested by proposed guidelines issued in June 1984 by the Control 

Room Habitability Working Group. The middle two rates correspond to typical ventilation rates 

under normal conditions for many NPP control rooms, with 8 room air exchanges per hour being 

on the high side of normal.

3.3 Room Configurations

Two room configurations were used for these fire tests. Tests 1 through 18 were conducted in 

configuration 1 of the enclosure, which consisted of an empty enclosure (See Figures 1

through 3). Tests 19 through 25 were conducted using the second configuration, which 

consisted of a control room mockup (See Figures 4 and 5). This control room mockup included 

six “real” electrical control cabinets (three bench-board style (cabinets A, B, and E), one mitered 

corner bench-board style [cabinet F], and two single-bay vertical styles [cabinets C and G]). 

The remainder of the mock-up was constructed from marinite panels bolted to metal framing 

material (cabinets D, H, and I). For the schematic of the cabinets, see Figures 6 and 7. The 

vertical cabinets were surplus cabinets obtained from an NPP vendor while the bench-board 

cabinets were constructed specifically for this test program to specifications typically used in 

NPP cabinets.
9

Figure 1: Isometric View of the Test Enclosure Configuration 1 with Its Three Fire Locations (Locations 

Ventilation System
10

Figure 2: Plan View of the Test Enclosure Configuration 1 with the Three Fire Locations (Locations 1, 2 

Ventilation System
11

Figure 3: Plan View of Test Enclosure and Location of Air Ducts
12

Figure 4: Isometric View of the Test Enclosure Configuration 2 with Its Four Fire Locations (Cabinets A 

Locations 1 and 3)
13

Figure 5: Plan View of the Test Enclosure Configuration 2 with Its Four Fire Locations (Cabinets A and 

and 3)
14

Figure 6: Schematic of Bench-Board Cabinets A, B, E, and F
15

Figure 7: Schematic of Cabinets C, D, G, H, and I

17

4. INSTRUMENTATION

Over 300 data channels were used to measure air temperatures, surface temperatures, vertical 

air flow velocities, horizontal air flow velocities, pressure differentials, smoke densities, 

combustion gas concentrations, heat fluxes, and mass loss of fuel. The instrumentation was 

grouped into a total of 21 arrays designated as stations, expanded stations, corner rakes 

(thermocouple array) and sectors in different locations inside the test enclosure (see 

Figures 8-10). Other instrumentation included exhaust gas collector and the cabinet 

instrumentation for the configuration 2 (mock-up main control room [MCR]). These 21 arrays

provided the following instrumentation for characterization of the environment in the enclosure:

- 31 aspirated thermocouples

- 59 bare-bead thermocouples

- 9 small sphere calorimeters

- 9 large sphere calorimeters

- 6 smoke turbidimeters (smoke density meters)

- 9 three-dimensional velocity probes

- 9 gas-sampling ports (for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide)

Appendix A includes the Test Data Channel Map (Table A-1) which describes the type, number,

and location of each sensor. This table is a revised version of the Table B-1 of Appendix B of

NUREG/CR-4681, “Enclosure Environment Characterization Testing for the Base Line 

Validation of Computer Fire Simulation Codes.” The data channels are identified by their

Channel No. in the spreadsheets. 

The large and small sphere calorimeters were installed in nine locations within the room. 

Together with the gas temperature measurements provided by the aspirated thermocouples,

these calorimeters can provide estimates of both the convective and radiative heat transfer 

rates to the spheres. The convective heat transfer rates can also be converted to bulk flow 

velocity information through correlations that relate the heat transfer coefficient to the velocity of 

the air flow. This calculation procedure has been described by Newman [Newman, 1980].

The optical smoke density meters, or smoke turbidimeters, are devices designed by Factory 

Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) for use in fire testing. Of the six devices installed in the 

enclosure, five utilized a single color light extinction measurement. The final turbidimeter 

utilized a three-wavelength light extinction measurement. Through experimental use FMRC has 

shown a correlation between the optical densities of the smoke at a particular wavelength to the 

volume fraction of smoke; thus, the smoke volume fraction in the area of measurement. Data 

from the three-wavelength device can also be used to generate estimates of the particulate 

sizes in the area of the device. The details of construction and use of the turbidimeters have 

been described by Newman [Newman, 1980]. The procedures for processing the turbidimeter 

data have also been described by Newman [Newman, 1986].

The enclosure surfaces were instrumented at a number of locations for surface temperature and 

surface heat flux. Heat flux was measured in the inner and outer surfaces of the walls and 

ceiling and on the inner surface of the floor of the enclosure. See Appendix A for the Test Data 

Channel Map and the specific locations.
18

Differential pressure measurements were made in both the main inlet ventilation duct and the 

outlet ventilation duct for calculation of duct velocity. The static pressure in the chamber was 

also monitored.

Fuel burning rates for the liquid fuel pool fires and the solid fuel fire were monitored using a load 

platform to measure the fuel mass remaining throughout each test.

Concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons were 

continuously measured in the exhaust duct.

The cabinets C, A, and B and its adjacent cabinets D and H were instrumented because they 

were in the general location of the fires. Figure 11 shows the relative horizontal location of the 

sensors in each of the cabinets. The vertical location of the sensors is not available from 

NUREG/CR-4681, NUREG/CR-4527 (“An Experimental Investigation of Internally Ignited Fires 

in Nuclear Power Plant Control Cabinets, Volume II: Room Effects Tests”), Steve Nowlen’s 

“Survivor’s Guide for Users of the Baseline Validation Test Data” [Nowlen, 1999], or notes from 

the project file at SNL.

Figure 8: Legend for the Instrumentation set up and locations in Figure 10

Figure 9: Vertical Location of the Instrumentation in each Array shown in Figure 10
19

Figure 10: Plan View of the Instrumentation Set Up and Locations in the Test Enclosu
20

Figure 11: Top View Schematic of Cabinet Instrumentation Layout 
21

The Fire Products Collector (FPC) at the test site was used to collect the exhaust gases from 

the fire tests. The FPC is a large capacity calorimeter that can measure fires in the megawatt 

range. It has a collecting funnel with a 6.10 m (20 ft.) inlet diameter located at 7.93 m (26 ft.) 

from the test floor. The FPC is connected to the pollution control system of the test center and 

can draw in at its maximum capacity, 28 m3

/s (988 ft3/s) of air flow. The apparatus is

instrumented with thermocouples, velocity probes, and gas sampling probes to measure 

temperature, velocity, and various gas concentrations of the gas stream flowing through the 

system. These measurements can be used to calculate the total and convective heat release 

rates. In addition, the generation rates of gaseous products such as carbon dioxide, carbon 

monoxide, and total hydrocarbons can be calculated. Approximately 20 channels of computer 

data are associated with the FPC. There is some uncertainty associated with the data from the 

FPC since not all fire products and exhaust gases were captured by the collector caused by

leakage and other issues.

23

5. FIRE CHARACTERISTICS AND IGNITION SOURCES

5.1 Fire Sources

The fuel/fire sources utilized in these tests were:

(1) gas burner fires

(2) liquid pool fires

(3) simple solid fuel fires

Ten tests were conducted using the gas burner. Two of the 10 tests were conducted in the 

main control room (MCR) mock-up configuration with the burner placed inside one of the 

bench-board cabinets. The gas burner was a 91.44 cm (36 in) diameter sand box burner and 

the gas was propylene. Three nominal peak values of heat release rate (HRR) were used: 

516, 1,000, and 2,000 kilowatt (kW). The tests were divided in two modes: steady state mode 

and growth mode. For the steady state mode, the burner was activated at the indicated peak 

rate and allowed to burn for 10 minutes. Four steady state tests were conducted where three 

were at 516 kW and one at 2,000 kW. Two growing mode tests were conducted following a 

“t-squared” curve to a maximum value of 516 kW and two growing mode tests to a maximum 

value of 1,000 kW (see Figures 12 and 13). The peak value was maintained for a prescribed 

period to provide total burn duration of 10 minutes for the 516 kW tests and 13 minutes for the 

1,000 kW tests. The burner was shut off at peak intensity. Figures 12 and 13 show the graphs 

for the two peak fire intensities used for the growth mode. See Table 2 and Table 3 for 

descriptions of each test.

The two mock-up tests used the fire growth mode. The tests followed a “t-squared” curve to a 

maximum value of 516 kW and to a maximum value of 1,000 kW. The same procedure 

mentioned above was followed except that the fires were allowed to burn 19 minutes for the 

516 kW peak and 14 minutes for the 1,000 kW peak. Figure 12 shows the graphs for the two 

peak fire intensities used for the growth mode. See Table 2 and Table 3 for descriptions of 

each test.
24

Figure 12: Growth Mode for the Gas Burner Tests

Figure 13: Growth Mode for Mock-Up Gas Burner Tests
25

Nine tests were conducted using liquid pool fires. The liquids used were: methanol (CH3OH) 

and heptane (C7H16). These pool fires used three nominal HRRs: 500, 1,000, and 2,000 kW. 

The methanol was chosen as an example of a clean fuel and heptane was chosen as an 

example of a “dirty” fuel. To achieve the HRRs, different pan sizes were used. Exact diameters 

of these pans were not recorded in the original reports. By reviewing project notes and talking 

to one of the authors of the original reports, it was determined that the 500 kW fire used a 40.64 

to 45.72 cm (16 to 18 inch) diameter pan, the 1,000 kW fire used a 60.96 cm (24 inch) diameter

pan and the 2,000 kW fire used a 101.60 cm (40 inch) diameter pan.

One solid fuel was polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The report authors used two 0.6096 m x 

0.6096 m x 2.54 cm (2 ft. x 2 ft. x 1 in) slabs of PMMA [(C5O2H8) n] in a vertical orientation with a 

methanol pan placed between them as the ignition source. This fire was estimated to have a 

peak HRR of 1,000 kW. This fuel source was chosen to represent an uncontrolled solid fuel 

fire.

The other two solid fuels were qualified cables and unqualified cables. The IEEE-383 qualified 

cable was three-conductor, 12 AWG, with 0.76 mm (30-mil) cross-linked polyethylene (XPE) 

insulation, silicon glass tape, and a 1.65 mm cross-linked polyethylene (XPE) jacket, rated at 

600 V. The unqualified cable was three conductors, 12 AWG, with 20/10 polyethylene/ 

polyvinylchloride (PE/PVC) insulation, and 1.14 mm (45 mil) polyvinylchloride (PVC) jacket. The 

fuel loading for the cabinets can be calculated by using the HRR data.

There were two fire ignition sources for the cables fuels: transient source and the electrical 

source. The transient source was made up of 9.5 liter (L) (2.5 gallon (gal)) polyethylene bucket, 

with 0.5 kilogram (kg) of Kimwipes in an open box, and 0.946 L (0.25 gal) of acetone placed in 

the bucket. One half of the acetone was poured into the bottom of the bucket and the rest of the 

acetone was placed with its bottle inside the bucket without the cap to simulate a spill. This 

ignition source was ignited by an electrically ignited pilot light setting fire to one of the Kimwipes 

hanging out of the bucket. This ignition source burns at an intensity of approximately 40 kW.

The electrical ignition source consisted of a terminal strip and 25 pieces of stripped unjacketed 

cables. This source was ignited by providing 165 kW of power to the terminal strip, resulting in 

overheating at the connection and culminating in a fire.

5.2 Fire Locations

For the tests conducted in the open enclosure, fires were placed in three locations: near the 

center of the room, along the center of the south wall and in the southwest corner. Figure 10 

shows each of these locations.

For the tests conducted in the control room mock-up, fires were placed in four locations. For the 

two tests involving the gas burner, the burner was located inside the bench-board cabinet A. 

The room center and south wall were used for the two heptane pool fires. For the qualified 

cable, the fire was located in the bench-board cabinet A. For the two unqualified cables tests, 

the fires were located in the bench-board cabinet A and vertical cabinet C. 

27

6. TEST DESCRIPTION AND PARAMETERS

The controlled parameters in each test were the fuel type, fire intensity, fire location, ventilation 

rate, burning mode, and ignition source. From test to test, different parameter combinations 

were tested.

Table 2: Matrix of Base Line Validation Tests Conducted in the Open Enclosure 

Configuration

Fuel Type

Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Propylene Burners X X X X X X X X

Heptane Pool X X X X X X X

Methanol Pool X X

PMMA Solid Slabs X

Nominal Peak Fire Intensity

Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

500 (516 for propylene 

burner) kW X X X X X X X X X X

1,000 kW X X X X X

2,000 kW X X X

Fire Location

Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Room Center (1) X X X X X X X X

South Wall (2) X X X X X X X X

South-West Corner (3) X X

Nominal Enclosure Ventilation Rate

Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 ch/hr (800 CFM) X X X X X X X X

4.4 ch/hr (3,500 CFM) X X X

8 ch/hr (6,400 CFM) X X

10 ch/hr (8,000 CFM) X X X X X

Burner Fire Mode

Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Steady State Mode X X X X

Growing Fire Mode X X X X

Uncontrolled X X X X X X X X X X
28

Table 3: Matrix of Base Line Validation Tests Conducted in the Control Room Mock Up 

Configuration

Fuel Type

Test Number 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Propylene Burners X X

Heptane Pool X X

Qualified Cable X

Unqualified Cable X X

Nominal Peak Fire Intensity

Test Number 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

500 kW X

1,000 kW X X X

Fire Location

Test Number 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Room Center X

South-west Corner X

Bench-board Cabinet A X X X X

Vertical Cabinet C X

Nominal Enclosure Ventilation Rate

Test Number 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 ch/hr (800 CFM) X X X X X

8 ch/hr (6,400 CFM) X X

Burner Fire Mode

Test Number 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Growing Fire Mode X X

Uncontrolled X X X X X

Ignition Source

Test Number 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Gas Burner X X

Transient Source X

Electrical Source X X

Other not specified X X
29

7. REFERENCES

1. NUREG/CR-4527, SAND86-0336, Vol. 2, “An Experimental Investigation of Internally 

Ignited Fires in Nuclear Power Plant Control Cabinets Part II: Room Effects Tests,” 

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, and Sandia National 

Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, April 1987. (Note: Included in Supplement 1.)

2. Newman, J.S.; Hill, J.P.; “Assessment of Exposure Fire Hazards to Cable Trays,”

Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC), Report No. RC80-T-56, July 1980.

3. EPRI NP-1675; “Fire Test in Ventilated Rooms: Detection of Cable Tray and Exposure 

Fires,” Factory Mutual Research Corporation and Electric Power Research Institute,

Report No. J.I.OF0R3.RC, January 1986.

4. Newman, J.S.; Steciak, J.; “Characterization of Particulate from Diffusion Flames,”

Submitted for publication in Combustion and Flame, March 1986.

5. NUREG/CR-4681, SAND86-1296, “Enclosure Environment Characterization Testing for 

the Base Line Validation of Computer Fire Simulation Codes,” U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission, Washington, DC, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 

March 1987. (Note: Included in Supplement 1.)

6. Nowlen, S.P.; “Survivor’s Guide for Users of the Baseline Validation Test Data”; Sandia 

National Laboratories; Revision 1; February 1999. (Note: Included in Supplement 1.)

7. NUREG-1824 and EPRI 1011999, “Verification and Validation of Selected Fire Models 

for Nuclear Power Plant Applications,” U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of 

Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES), Washington, DC, and Electric Power Research 

Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA, May 2007.

A-1

APPENDIX A: TEST DATA CHANNEL MAP

For the array (Sector and Stations) number locations see Section 4: Instrumentation.

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

“1-179 TC Data” Sheet in the Test Data File

1 Aspirated T/C, Sector 1, 0.98H oC

2 Aspirated T/C, Sector 1, 0.90H oC

3 Aspirated T/C, Sector 1, 0.70H oC

4 Aspirated T/C, Sector 1, 0.50H oC

5 Aspirated T/C, Sector 1, 0.30H oC

6 Aspirated T/C, Sector 2, 0.98H oC

7 Aspirated T/C, Sector 2, 0.90H oC

8 Aspirated T/C, Sector 2, 0.70H oC

9 Aspirated T/C, Sector 2, 0.50H oC

10 Aspirated T/C, Sector 2, 0.30H oC

11 Aspirated T/C, Sector 3, 0.98H oC

12 Aspirated T/C, Sector 3, 0.90H oC

13 Aspirated T/C, Sector 3, 0.70H oC

14 Aspirated T/C, Sector 3, 0.50H oC

15 Aspirated T/C, Sector 3, 0.30H oC

16 Aspirated T/C, Station 1, 0.98H oC

17 Aspirated T/C, Station 2, 0.98H oC

18 Aspirated T/C, Station 3, 0.98H oC

19 Aspirated T/C, Station 4, 0.98H oC

20 Aspirated T/C, Station 5, 0.98H oC

21 Aspirated T/C, Station 6, 0.98H oC

22 Aspirated T/C, Station 7, 0.98H oC

23 Aspirated T/C, Station 8, 0.98H oC

24 Aspirated T/C, Station 9, 0.98H oC

25 Aspirated T/C, Station 10, 0.98H oC

26 Aspirated T/C, Station 11, 0.98H oC

27 Aspirated T/C, Station 12, 0.98H oC

28 Aspirated T/C, Station 13, 0.98H oC
A-2

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

29 Aspirated T/C, Station 14, 0.98H oC

30 Aspirated T/C, Station 15, 0.98H oC

31 Aspirated T/C, Station 16, 0.98H oC

32 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 1, 0.98H oC

33 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 1, 0.70H oC

34 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 1, 0.30H oC

35 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 2, 0.98H oC

36 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 2, 0.70H oC

37 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 2, 0.30H oC

38 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 3, 0.98H oC

39 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 3, 0.70H oC

40 Bare bead gas T/C, Sector 3, 0.30H oC

41 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 1, 0.90H oC

42 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 1, 0.70H oC

43 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 1, 0.50H oC

44 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 1, 0.30H oC

45 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 2, 0.90H oC

46 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 2, 0.70H oC

47 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 2, 0.50H oC

48 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 2, 0.30H oC

49 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 3, 0.90H oC

50 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 3, 0.70H oC

51 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 3, 0.50H oC

52 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 3, 0.30H oC

53 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 4, 0.90H oC

54 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 4, 0.70H oC

55 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 4, 0.50H oC

56 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 4, 0.30H oC

57 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 5, 0.90H oC

58 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 5, 0.70H oC

59 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 5, 0.50H oC

60 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 5, 0.30H oC

61 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 6, 0.90H oC

62 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 6, 0.70H oC
A-3

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

63 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 6, 0.50H oC

64 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 6, 0.30H oC

65 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 7, 0.90H oC

66 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 7, 0.70H oC

67 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 7, 0.50H oC

68 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 7, 0.30H oC

69 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 8, 0.90H oC

70 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 8, 0.70H oC

71 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 8, 0.50H oC

72 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 8, 0.30H oC

73 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 9, 0.90H oC

74 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 9, 0.70H oC

75 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 9, 0.50H oC

76 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 9, 0.30H oC

77 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 10, 0.90H oC

78 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 10, 0.70H oC

79 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 10, 0.50H oC

80 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 10, 0.30H oC

81 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 17, 0.98H oC

82 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 17, 0.90H oC

83 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 17, 0.70H oC

84 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 17, 0.50H oC

85 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 17, 0.30H oC

86 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 18, 0.98H oC

87 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 18, 0.90H oC

88 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 18, 0.70H oC

89 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 18, 0.50H oC

90 Bare bead gas T/C, Station 18, 0.30H oC

91 Bare bead gas T/C, Ventilation inlet oC

92 Bare bead gas T/C, Ventilation outlet oC

93 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Sector 1 oC

94 Outer ceiling surface T/C, Sector 1 oC

95 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Sector 2 oC

96 Outer ceiling surface T/C, Sector 2 oC
A-4

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

97 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Sector 3 oC

98 Outer ceiling surface T/C, Sector 3 oC

99 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 1 oC

100 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 2 oC

101 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 3 oC

102 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 4 oC

103 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 5 oC

104 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 6 oC

105 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 7 oC

106 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 8 oC

107 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 9 oC

108 Inner ceiling surface T/C, Station 10 oC

109 Inner wall surface T/C, North center, 0.90H oC

110 Outer wall surface T/C, North center 0.90H oC

111 Inner wall surface T/C, North center, 0.50H oC

112 Outer wall surface T/C, North center 0.50H oC

113 Inner wall surface T/C, North right, 0.90H oC

114 Inner wall surface T/C, North right, 0.50H oC

115 Inner wall surface T/C, North left, 0.90H oC

116 Inner wall surface T/C, North left, 0.50H oC

117 Inner wall surface T/C, South center, 0.90H oC

118 Outer wall surface T/C, South center 0.90H oC

119 Inner wall surface T/C, South center, 0.50H oC

120 Outer wall surface T/C, South center 0.50H oC

121 Inner wall surface T/C, South right, 0.90H oC

122 Inner wall surface T/C, South right, 0.50H oC

123 Inner wall surface T/C, South left, 0.90H oC

124 Inner wall surface T/C, South left, 0.50H oC

125 Inner wall surface T/C, East right, 0.90H oC

126 Outer wall surface T/C, East right, 0.90H oC

127 Inner wall surface T/C, East right, 0.50H oC

128 Inner wall surface T/C, East left, 0.90H oC

129 Outer wall surface T/C, East left, 0.90H oC

130 Inner wall surface T/C, East left, 0.50H oC
A-5

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

131 Inner wall surface T/C, West right, 0.90H oC

132 Outer wall surface T/C, West right, 0.90H oC

133 Inner wall surface T/C, West right, 0.50H oC

134 Inner wall surface T/C, West left, 0.90H oC

135 Outer wall surface T/C, West left, 0.90H oC

136 Inner wall surface T/C, West left, 0.50H oC

137 Cabinet Top T/C, Sector 1 oC

Channels 137-161 

were only used in 

tests 19-25. Some 

channels are unique 

to the cabinet fire tests 

21-25.

138 Surface T/C Facing Cabinet A oC

139 Cabinet Top T/C, Sector 3 oC

140 Cable Ignition T/C #1 oC

141 Cable Ignition T/C #2 oC

142 Cabinet C Door-Bottom Gas T/C oC

143 Cabinet A Front Bench Wall oC

144 Cabinet A Left Wall Low T/C oC

145 Cabinet A Left Wall High T/C oC

146 Surface T/C for Cabinet HF #4 oC

147 Cabinet A Center-High Gas T/C oC

148 Cabinet A Right Wall Low T/C oC

149 Cabinet A Right Wall High T/C oC

150 Cabinet C Door-Top Gas T/C oC

151 Cabinet D Gas T/C Near Wall oC

152 Cabinet D Gas T/C Center oC

153 Cabinet B Vent In Gas T/C oC

154 Cabinet B Right Wall-Low T/C oC

155 Cabinet B Right Wall-High T/C oC

156 Cabinet B Left Wall-High T/C oC

157 Cabinet B Gas T/C Center-High o

C

158 Cabinet B Gas T/C Center-Door o

C

159 Surface T/C Facing Cab C o

C

160 Cabinet C Gas T/C Center-Low o

C

161 Cabinet C Gas T/C Center-High o

C
A-6

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

162 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 1, 0.98H oC

Channels 162-179 are 

raw temperature 

responses for the 

large and small 

calorimeters

163 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 1, 0.98H oC

164 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 1, 0.70H oC

165 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 1, 0.70H oC

166 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 1, 0.30H oC

167 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 1, 0.30H oC

168 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 2, 0.98H oC

169 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 2, 0.98H oC

170 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 2, 0.70H oC

171 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 2, 0.70H oC

172 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 2, 0.30H oC

173 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 2, 0.30H oC

174 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 3, 0.98H oC

175 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 3, 0.98H oC

176 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 3, 0.70H oC

177 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 3, 0.70H oC

178 Large sphere calorimeter, Sector 3, 0.30H oC

179 Small sphere calorimeter, Sector 3, 0.30H oC

“180-197 Flow Probe” Sheet in the Test Data File

180 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 1, 0.98 H m/s

Channels 182-197 are 

raw velocity 

measurement made 

using paired 

bi-directional 

pressure/velocity 

probes.

181 Vertical flow probe, Sector 1, 0.98H m/s

182 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 1, 0.70H m/s

183 Vertical flow probe, Sector 1, 0.70H m/s

184 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 1, 0.30H m/s

185 Vertical flow probe, Sector 1, 0.30H m/s

186 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 2, 0.98 H m/s

187 Vertical flow probe, Sector 2, 0.98H m/s

188 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 2, 0.70H m/s

189 Vertical flow probe, Sector 2, 0.70H m/s

190 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 2, 0.30H m/s

191 Vertical flow probe, Sector 2, 0.30H m/s

192 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 3, 0.98 H m/s

193 Vertical flow probe, Sector 3, 0.98H m/s

194 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 3, 0.70H m/s

195 Vertical flow probe, Sector 3, 0.70H m/s

196 Horizontal flow probe, Sector 3, 0.30H m/s
A-7

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

197 Vertical flow probe, Sector 3, 0.30H m/s

“198-203 P Diff” Sheet in the Test Data File

198 Inlet Duct Flow Rate ACH

199 Outlet Duct Flow Rate ACH

200 Pressure differential, Enclosure Hi in-H2O

201 Pressure differential, Atmosphere Lo in-H2O

202 Pressure differential, Cabinet inlet in-H2O Only used in the 

cabinet fire tests 

(19-25) 203 Pressure differential, Cabinet outlet in-H2O

“204-211 Opt Dens” Sheet in the Test Data File

204 Blue optical density, Sector 1, 0.98H 1/m

Channels 204-208 are 

single-beam smoke 

turbidimeters. 

Channels 209-211 

represent a single 

three-beam 

turbidimeter.

205 Blue optical density, Sector 1, 0.30H 1/m

206 Blue optical density, Sector 2, 0.30H 1/m

207 Blue optical density, Sector 3, 0.98H 1/m

208 Blue optical density, Sector 3, 0.30H 1/m

209 Blue optical density, Sector 2, 0.98H 1/m

210 Red optical density, Sector 2, 0.98H 1/m

211 IR optical density, Sector 2, 0.98H 1/m

“212-221 Gas” Sheet in the Test Data File

212 CO2 analyzer (multiplexed), Sector 1-3, 0.98H %

This data is 

demultiplexed into 

channels 259-282.

213 CO analyzer (multiplexed), Sector 1-3, 0.98H %

214 O2 analyzer (multiplexed), Sectors 1-3, 0.98H %

215 THC analyzer (multiplexed), Sectors 1-3, 0.98H ppm

216 CO2 analyzer (multiplexed), Sector 1-3, 0.70H %

217 CO analyzer (multiplexed), Sector 1-3, 0.70H %

218 CO2 analyzer (multiplexed), Sector 1-3, 0.30H %

219 CO analyzer (multiplexed), Sector 1-3, 0.30H %

“220-249 Heat & Mass” Sheet in the Test Data File

220 CO2 analyzer (nonmultiplexed), Sector 2, 0.98H %

221 CO2 (nonmultiplexed), Ventilation outlet %

222 Ceiling heat flux, Sector 1 kW/m2

223 Ceiling heat flux, Sector 2 kW/m2

224 Ceiling heat flux, Sector 3 kW/m2

225 Ceiling heat flux, Station 1 kW/m2

226 Ceiling heat flux, Station 2 kW/m2

227 Ceiling heat flux, Station 3 kW/m2

228 Ceiling heat flux, Station 8 kW/m2

229 Ceiling heat flux, Station 9 kW/m2
A-8

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

230 Ceiling heat flux, Station 10 kW/m2

231 Wall heat flux, North center, 0.90H kW/m2

The data in these 

channels appears to 

be unreliable in all 

tests.

232 Wall heat flux, North right, 0.90H kW/m2

233 Wall heat flux, North left, 0.90H kW/m2

234 Wall heat flux, South center, 0.90H kW/m2

235 Wall heat flux, South right, 0.90H kW/m2

236 Wall heat flux, South left, 0.90H kW/m2

237 Wall heat flux, East right, 0.90H kW/m2

238 Wall heat flux, East left, 0.90H kW/m2

239 Wall heat flux, West right, 0.90H kW/m2

240 Wall heat flux, West left, 0.90H kW/m2

241 Floor heat flux, Sector 1 kW/m2

242 Floor heat flux, Sector 2 kW/m2

243 Floor heat flux, Sector 3 kW/m2

244 Cabinet heat flux #1 kW/m2

Channels 244-248 are 

water-cooled 

calorimeters and are 

only used in tests 

21-25. The location of 

each probe is unique 

to each test; See 

NUREG/CR-4527 V2.

245 Cabinet heat flux #2 kW/m2

246 Cabinet heat flux #3 kW/m2

247 Cabinet heat flux #4 kW/m2

248 Cabinet heat flux #5 kW/m2

249 Mass loss kg/s Not used in the gas 

burner tests.

“250-306 Data” Sheet in the Test Data File

250 Raw Channel for Reduced Channel No. 212

Channels 250-258 are 

intermediate 

processing channels 

and do not contain 

useful data.

251 Raw Channel for Reduced Channel No. 213

252 Raw Channel for Reduced Channel No. 216

253 Raw Channel for Reduced Channel No. 217

254 Raw Channel for Reduced Channel No. 218

255 Raw Channel for Reduced Channel No. 219

256 Raw Channel for Reduced Channel No. 220

257 Raw Channel for Reduced Channel No. 221

258 Event Channel

259 CO2 Sector 1, 0.98H (From 212A) % Channels 259-282 are 

260 CO generated by 2 Sector 2, 0.98H (From 212B) %
A-9

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

261 CO2 Sector 3, 0.98H (From 212C) % de-multiplexing the 

gas analysis channels 

212-219 to generate 

individual location gas 

concentration data 

values.

262 CO Sector 1, 0.98H (From 213A) ppm

263 CO Sector 2, 0.98H (From 213B) ppm

264 CO Sector 3, 0.98H (From 213C) ppm

265 O2 Sector 1, 0.98H (From 214A) %

266 O2 Sector 2, 0.98H (From 214B) %

267 O2 Sector 3, 0.98H (From 214C) %

268 THC Sector 1, 0.98H (From 215A) %

269 THC Sector 2, 0.98H (From 215B) %

270 THC Sector 3, 0.98H (From 215C) %

271 CO2 Sector 1, 0.70H (From 216A) %

272 CO2 Sector 2, 0.70H (From 216B) %

273 CO2 Sector 3, 0.70H (From 216C) %

274 CO Sector 1, 0.70H (From 217A) ppm

275 CO Sector 2, 0.70H (From 217B) ppm

276 CO Sector 3, 0.70H (From 217C) ppm

277 CO2 Sector 1, 0.30H (From 218A) %

278 CO2 Sector 2, 0.30H (From 218B) %

279 CO2 Sector 3, 0.30H (From 218C) %

280 CO Sector 1, 0.30H (From 219A) ppm

281 CO Sector 2, 0.30H (From 219B) ppm

282 CO Sector 3, 0.30H (From 219C) ppm

283 Speed, Sector 1, 0.98H m/s

Channels 283-306 are 

generated by 

processing of the 

bi-directional flow 

probes on Channels 

180-197. A pair of 

(x-y) bi-direction 

probes is processed to 

estimate the total bulk 

fluid velocity and 

direction of flow per 

FMRC methods of 

analysis.

284 Direction, Sector 1, 0.98H (Horizontal) Deg

285 Speed, Sector 1, 0.70H m/s

286 Direction, Sector 1, 0.70H (Horizontal) Deg

287 Direction, Sector 1, 0.70H (Vertical) sense

288 Speed, Sector 1, 0.30H m/s

289 Direction, Sector 1, 0.30H (Horizontal) Deg

290 Direction, Sector 1, 0.30H (Vertical) sense

291 Speed, Sector 2, 0.98H m/s

292 Direction, Sector 2, 0.98H (Horizontal) Deg

293 Speed, Sector 2, 0.70H m/s

294 Direction, Sector 2, 0.70H (Horizontal) Deg

295 Direction, Sector 2, 0.70H (Vertical) sense

296 Speed, Sector 2, 0.30H m/s

297 Direction, Sector 2, 0.30H (Horizontal) Deg

298 Direction, Sector 2, 0.30H (Vertical) sense

299 Speed, Sector 1, 0.98H m/s
A-10

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

300 Direction, Sector 3, 0.98H (Horizontal) Deg

301 Speed, Sector 3, 0.70H m/s

302 Direction, Sector 3, 0.70H (Horizontal) Deg

303 Direction, Sector 3, 0.70H (Vertical) sense

304 Speed, Sector 3, 0.30H m/s

305 Direction, Sector 3, 0.30H (Horizontal) Deg

306 Direction, Sector 3, 0.30H (Vertical) sense

“Collector Report” Sheet in the Test Data File

FPC 1 Fire Product Collector (FPC) Thermocouple 1 oC

FPC 2 FPC Thermocouple 2 oC

FPC 3 FPC Thermocouple 3 oC

FPC 4 FPC CO2 ppm

FPC 5 FPC CO ppm

FPC 6 FPC O2 ppm

FPC 7 FPC Total Hydrocarbon ppm

FPC 8 FPC Mass Flow kg/s

FPC 9 FPC Raw Data Channel

FPC 10 FPC Raw Data Channel

FPC 11 FPC Event Channel

FPC 12 FPC CO2 Gas Flow g/s

FPC 13 FPC CO Gas Flow g/s

FPC 14 FPC O2 Gas Flow g/s

FPC 15 FPC THC Gas Flow g/s

FPC 16 FPC total heat (QT) CO2 kW

FPC 17 FPC total heat (QT) O2 kW

“Heat Flux Report” Sheet in the Test Data File

HFR 

S1,0.98H 

TG

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 1, 0.98H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S1,0.98H 

T1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S1,0.98H 

T2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S1,0.98H 

TE

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-11

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S1,0.98H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S1,0.98H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S1,0.98H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S1,0.98H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S1,0.98H 

E1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what these

channels measured 

HFR

S1,0.98H 

E2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S1,0.98H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S1,0.98H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

HFR 

S1,0.7H 

TG 

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 1, 0.7H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S1,0.7H 

T1 

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S1,0.7H 

T2 

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S1,0.7H 

TE 

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-12

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S1,0.7H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S1,0.7H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S1,0.7H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S1,0.7H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S1,0.7H 

E1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured

HFR

S1,0.7H 

E2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S1,0.7H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S1,0.7H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

HFR 

S1,0.3H 

TG

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 1, 0.3H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S1,0.3H 

T1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S1,0.3H 

T2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S1,0.3H 

TE

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-13

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S1,0.3H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S1,0.3H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S1,0.3H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S1,0.3H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S1,0.3H 

E1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured

HFR

S1,0.3H 

E2

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S1,0.3H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S1,0.3H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

HFR 

S2,0.98H 

TG

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 2, 0.98H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S2,0.98H 

T1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S2,0.98H 

T2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S2,0.98H 

TE

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-14

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S2,0.98H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S2,0.98H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S2,0.98H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S2,0.98H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S2,0.98H 

E1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured

HFR

S2,0.98H 

E2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S2,0.98H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S2,0.98H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

HFR 

S2,0.7H 

TG 

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 2, 0.7H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S2,0.7H 

T1 

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S2,0.7H 

T2 

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S2,0.7H 

TE 

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-15

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S2,0.7H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S2,0.7H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S2,0.7H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S2,0.7H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S2,0.7H 

E1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured

HFR

S2,0.7H 

E2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S2,0.7H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S2,0.7H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

HFR 

S2,0.3H 

TG

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 2, 0.3H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S2,0.3H 

T1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S2,0.3H 

T2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S2,0.3H 

TE

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-16

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S2,0.3H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S2,0.3H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S2,0.3H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S2,0.3H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S2,0.3H 

E1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured

HFR

S2,0.3H 

E2

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S2,0.3H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S2,0.3H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

HFR 

S3,0.98H 

TG

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 3, 0.98H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S3,0.98H 

T1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S3,0.98H 

T2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S3,0.98H 

TE

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-17

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S3,0.98H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S3,0.98H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S3,0.98H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S3,0.98H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S3,0.98H 

E1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured

HFR

S3,0.98H 

E2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S3,0.98H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S3,0.98H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

HFR 

S3,0.7H 

TG 

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 3, 0.7H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S3,0.7H 

T1 

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S3,0.7H 

T2 

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S3,0.7H 

TE 

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-18

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S3,0.7H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S3,0.7H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S3,0.7H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S3,0.7H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S3,0.7H 

E1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured

HFR

S3,0.7H 

E2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S3,0.7H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S3,0.7H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

HFR 

S3,0.3H 

TG

Heat Flux Report (HFR), Sector 3, 0.3H, True 

Gas Temperature

o

C

Derived from the 

calorimeters in the 

sectors

HFR 

S3,0.3H 

T1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Temperature 1 oC

HFR 

S3,0.3H 

T2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Temperature 2 oC

HFR 

S3,0.3H 

TE

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, TE o

C

There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured
A-19

Table A-1: Test Data Channel Map

Channel 

No. Description Units Comments

HFR

S3,0.3H 

RHF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Radiative Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

Radiative and 

convective heat fluxes 

were calculated from 

the large and small 

sphere calorimeters 

installed in the 

instrumentation 

sectors

HFR 

S3,0.3H 

CHF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Convective Heat Flux 1 kW/m2

HFR 

S3,0.3H 

RHF2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Radiative Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S3,0.3H 

CHF2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Convective Heat Flux 2 kW/m2

HFR

S3,0.3H 

E1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, E1 J/m2 There is not enough 

detail in the historical 

documentation to 

determine what this 

channel measured

HFR

S3,0.3H 

E2

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, E2 J/m2

HFR 

S3,0.3H 

VEL

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Bulk Flow Velocity m/s

HFR 

S3,0.3H 

HF1

HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, kW/m2 Total heat flux 1 

(RHF1+CHF1)

B-1

APPENDIX B: EXAMPLE OF DATA AVAILABLE ON THE CD: TEST 1 

DATA

The purpose of this appendix is to provide an example of the data available in the Microsoft

Excel spreadsheet files. These files are located on the data CD under the “SNL FM Baseline 

Validation Test Data Excel” folder. As discussed in the main body, Tests 1 through 18 were 

conducted in the empty main control room (MCR) test enclosure. The data collected in these 

tests is the same and the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files were organized using the same 

format.

The tables, plots, and graphs in this appendix are applicable to Test 1 and are also found in the 

Test 1 Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

Note: If there is no data shown in the data plots, read Appendix A or the Test Summary of 

Issues Table to verify that there were no issues. Data for all channels was reported even if the 

channel was not used (e.g., Tests 1-18, which were conducted in the empty MCR test 

enclosure, reported the cabinet sensor channels).

B.1 Test Summary Sheet

The first sheet in the data file titled “Test Summary,” is a summary of the test parameters and 

issues encountered. This sheet includes the two tables below: Table B-1 on test parameters 

and Table B-2 on summary of issues encountered during testing.

Table B-1: Test 1 Summary

Test Number: 1

Fuel Type: Propylene Burners

Nominal Peak Fire Intensity: 516 kW

Fire Location: Room Center (1)

Nominal Enclosure Ventilation 

Rate: 10ch/hr (8,000 cfm)

Burner Fire Mode: Steady State Mode
B-2

Table B-2: Summary of Issues Encountered during Testing

Issues Impacted 

Tests Issue Description

Test Specific 

Issues 1 & 2 Note that Tests 1 & 2 are virtually identical in setup. The only significant difference is sligh

in Test 1 (about 12.5 ACH) as compared to Test 2 (about 10 ACH).

Common 

Issues 

during 

Testing

4, 6, 7, 8, 

14, 15, 16, 

18, 19, 20, 

21, 22, 23, 

24, 25 (the 

rest of the 

tests appear 

unaffected)

General Reliability of Exhaust Gas Venting Rate Data:

The data stream for the outlet flow rate (channel 199) is obviously in error. In these tes

ventilation rate was recorded for a limited time under severe fire conditions (when there w

volumetric expansion active). The inlet ventilation rates are considered more reliable and 

error than the outlet ventilation rate. This is because the nominal ventilation rate was verif

pre-ignition stage using an independent instrument (indication only).

All 25 tests

Nominal Ventilation Rates:

The nominal ventilation rate of the test enclosure during each test is identified and ranged 

changes per hour (ACH). However, these values are only the nominal ventilation rates an

rough estimates only. The difference between nominal and actual ventilation rates ap

as 20% based on the tests examined to date. The actual ventilation rate in each test w

reported.

All 25 tests

Leakage:

There was a considerable amount of air leakage from the test enclosure (bypassing the ex

appear that the typical outlet flow was only about 70-80% of the inlet flow implying s

During testing, leakage did occur, particularly, around the double doors’ (closed during tes

the room where the walls met, at the wall-to-floor interface, and along the wall-to-ceiling in

cases, leakage occurred around the edges of the inlet ventilation duct penetrations throug

reason, the reported inlet ventilation rate is considered a more reliable indication of the ac

ventilation rates than is the reported outlet ventilation rate. If an estimate of the total outflo

recommended that a full mass balance on the room be performed.

All 25 tests

Fire Products Collector:

- The enclosure exhaust gas represents only a very small fraction of the total flow through 

collector. The exhaust gas stream was diluted significantly by air drawn into the col

general enclosure. The actual gas concentration values, smoke density, and temperatur

mixture of ambient and enclosure gas streams.

- Due mostly to the very large volume of the test enclosure, there is a significant lag 

fire behavior within the room and sensing of the associated effects at the fire produ
B-3

Table B-2: Summary of Issues Encountered during Testing

Issues Impacted 

Tests Issue Description

All 25 tests

Enclosure Surface Heat Flux Data:

Data from all of the surface heat flux probes as documented in the original data rep

would appear that this was a problem that occurred when the raw test data was converted 

It may be possible to recover the lost data from the original raw data files. All of the enclo

data should be considered unreliable. Note that this does not impact the surface tempera

General 

Comments All 25 tests

Wall Properties:

The walls and ceiling of the test enclosure were constructed of 2.54 cm (1 inch) thick Mari

is a calcium-silicate mineral board material manufactured by Manville. The manufacturer 

density of 737 kg/m3

, and reports nominal material properties for thermal conductivity and 

functions of temperature as documented in the table in the “Wall Properties” Sheet. Howe

were made to model the wall temperature response, the results of the analysis using the n

properties were less than satisfactory. 

A one-dimensional finite difference model was implemented by Sandia National Laborator

internal surface was modeled as a known temperature boundary condition driven by the m

The outer surface was modeled as insulated (no heat loss). The results were validated by 

predicted and measured outside surface temperatures for several locations with matched 

temperature data pairs. Use of the nominal material properties resulted in outside surface 

response predictions that were uniformly and substantially lower than the measured respo

would be indicative of a thermal conductivity higher than reported by the manufacturer.

SNL found that the manufacturer cited a range of material density values of 700 to 1,000 k

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The original 737 kg/m3 was found to be a nominal va

manufacturer sales literature. 

In general, the specific heat of a material is largely unaffected by density being a mass-rel

SNL assumed that the nominal specific heat values remained valid. Using the curve fit, a 

was assumed as a nominal room-temperature specific heat value. To explore the impact 

SNL assumed that the panels used in construction were at the upper end of the manufact

(1,000 kg/m3 was assumed).

In the transient thermal model the thermal parameter of interest is actually the thermal diff
B-4

Table B-2: Summary of Issues Encountered during Testing

Issues Impacted 

Tests Issue Description

parameter was adjusted to obtain the best possible fit between predictions and data for a 

several tests. The best results were obtained assuming a thermal diffusivity of 2.0 x 10-7 m

were quite good with the predictions and data matching quite well over a range of test con

Assuming the above stated specific heat and density values, this implies a thermal conduc

0.23 W/m*K.

The floor of the test enclosure was the concrete floor slab of the FMRC test facility. SNL h

information regarding the thermal properties of the floor.
B-5

B.2 Wall Properties Sheet

The second sheet in the data file entitled “Wall Properties,” contains a summary of the wall 

properties. This sheet includes the two tables shown below: Table B-3 on manufacturer 

reported nominal marinate material properties and Table B-4 on SNL’s recommendation on test 

enclosure walls and ceiling properties.

Table B-3: Nominal Marinite Material Properties as Reported by the 

Manufacturer, and SNL Curve Fits Assuming Linear 

Behavior with Temperature

Thermal Conductivity Specific Heat

Temp (K) k (W/m*K) Temp (K) Cp (J/kg*K)

450 0.117 366 1172

477 0.118 477 1255

533 0.121 589 1339

589 0.125 700 1423

645 0.13

700 0.136

SNL 

Fits: k=0.0819+(7.525E-5)*Tk Cp=897+(0.751)*Tk

Table B-4: SNL’s Recommendation that for the Analysis of 

the Test Enclosure Walls and Ceiling, the 

Following Material Properties Be Assumed:

Property Value

Thickness 2.54 cm (1 inch)

Thermal Conductivity 0.23 W/m*K

Specific Heat 1.16 kJ/kg*K

Density 1,000 kg/m3

Thermal Diffusivity 2.0 x 10-7 m2/s

The floor of the test enclosure was the concrete floor slab of the FMRC 

test facility. SNL has no specific information 
B-6

B.3 1-179 TC Data Sheet

The third sheet in the data file entitled “1-179 TC Data,” contains the temperature data,

channels #1-179. This section contains all the data plots on this sheet. Appendix A contains 

details on each data channel. 

Note that this test has no cabinets. Any sensors related to cabinets will have no data.

Figure B-1: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouple 1 to 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Aspirated TC in Sector 1

Aspirated TC (1) Sector 1 0.98H Aspirated TC (2) Sector 1 0.9H

Aspirated TC (3) Sector 1 0.7H Aspirated TC (4) Sector 1 0.5H

Aspirated TC (5) Sector 1 0.3H
B-7

Figure B-2: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 6 to 10

Figure B-3: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 11 to 15

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Aspirated TC in Sector 2

Aspirated TC (6) Sector 2 0.98H Aspirated TC (7) Sector 2 0.9H

Aspirated TC (8) Sector 2 0.7H Aspirated TC (9) Sector 2 0.5H

Aspirated TC (10) Sector 2 0.3H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Aspirated TC in Sector 3

Aspirated TC (11) Sector 3 0.98H Aspirated TC (12) Sector 3 0.9H

Aspirated TC (13) Sector 3 0.7H Aspirated TC (14) Sector 3 0.5H

Aspirated TC (15) Sector 3 0.3H
B-8

Figure B-4: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 16 to 21

Figure B-5: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 22 to 27

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Aspirated TC Stations 1-6 at 0.98H

Aspirated TC (16) Station 1 0.98H Aspirated TC (17) Station 2 0.98H

Aspirated TC (18) Station 3 0.98H Aspirated TC (19) Station 4 0.98H

Aspirated TC (20) Station 5 0.98H Aspirated TC (21) Station 6 0.98H

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Aspirated TC Stations 7-12 at 0.98H

Aspirated TC (22) Station 7 0.98H Aspirated TC (23) Station 8 0.98H

Aspirated TC (24) Station 9 0.98H Aspirated TC (25) Station 10 0.98H

Aspirated TC (26) Station 11 0.98H Aspirated TC (27) Station 12 0.98H
B-9

Figure B-6: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 28 to 31

Figure B-7: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 32 to 34

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Aspirated TC 

Stations 13-16 

at 0.98H

Aspirated TC (28) Station 13 0.98H Aspirated TC (29) Station 14 0.98H

Aspirated TC (30) Station 15 0.98H Aspirated TC (31) Station 16 0.98H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Sector 1

Bare bead gas TC (32) Sector 1 0.98H

Bare bead gas TC (33) Sector 1 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (34) Sector 1 0.30H
B-10

Figure B-8: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 35 to 37

Figure B-9: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 38 to 40

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Sector 2

Bare bead gas TC (35) Sector 2 0.98H

Bare bead gas TC (36) Sector 2 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (37) Sector 2 0.30H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Sector 3

Bare bead gas TC (38) Sector 3 0.98H

Bare bead gas TC (39) Sector 3 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (40) Sector 3 0.30H
B-11

Figure B-10: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 41 to 44

Figure B-11: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 45 to 48

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 1

Bare bead gas TC (41) Station 1 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (42) Station 1 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (43) Station 1 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (44) Station 1 0.30H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 2

Bare bead gas TC (45) Station 2 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (46) Station 2 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (47) Station 2 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (48) Station 2 0.30H
B-12

Figure B-12: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 49 to 52

Figure B-13: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 53 to 56

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 3

Bare bead gas TC (49) Station 3 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (50) Station 3 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (51) Station 3 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (52) Station 3 0.30H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 4

Bare bead gas TC (53) Station 4 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (54) Station 4 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (55) Station 4 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (56) Station 4 0.30H
B-13

Figure B-14: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 57 to 60

Figure B-15: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 61 to 64

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 5

Bare bead gas TC (57) Station 5 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (58) Station 5 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (59) Station 5 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (60) Station 5 0.30H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 6

Bare bead gas TC (61) Station 6 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (62) Station 6 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (63) Station 6 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (64) Station 6 0.30H
B-14

Figure B-16: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 65 to 68

Figure B-17: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 69 to 72

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 7

Bare bead gas TC (65) Station 7 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (66) Station 7 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (67) Station 7 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (68) Station 7 0.30H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 8

Bare bead gas TC (69) Station 8 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (70) Station 8 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (71) Station 8 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (72) Station 8 0.30H
B-15

Figure B-18: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 73 to 76

Figure B-19: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 77 to 80

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 9

Bare bead gas TC (73) Station 9 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (74) Station 9 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (75) Station 9 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (76) Station 9 0.30H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 10

Bare bead gas TC (77) Station 10 0.90H Bare bead gas TC (78) Station 10 0.70H

Bare bead gas TC (79) Station 10 0.50H Bare bead gas TC (80) Station 10 0.30H
B-16

Figure B-20: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 81 to 85

Figure B-21: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 86 to 90

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 17

Bare bead gas TC (81) Station 17 0.98H Bare bead gas TC (82) Station 17 0.90H

Bare bead gas TC (83) Station 17 0.70H Bare bead gas TC (84) Station 17 0.50H

Bare bead gas TC (85) Station 17 0.30H

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC Station 18

Bare bead gas TC (86) Station 18 0.98H Bare bead gas TC (87) Station 18 0.90H

Bare bead gas TC (88) Station 18 0.70H Bare bead gas TC (89) Station 18 0.50H

Bare bead gas TC (90) Station 18 0.30H
B-17

Figure B-22: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 91 to 92

Figure B-23: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 93 to 98

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Bare bead gas 

TC ventilation

Bare bead gas TC (91) Ventilation inlet

Bare bead gas TC (92) Ventilation outlet

0

20

40

60

80

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Ceiling surface 

TC Sectors

Inner ceiling surface TC (93) Sector 1 Outer ceiling surface TC (94) Sector 1

Inner ceiling surface TC (95) Sector 2 Outer ceiling surface TC (96) Sector 2

Inner ceiling surface TC (97) Sector 3 Outer ceiling surface TC (98) Sector 3
B-18

Figure B-24: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 99 to 104

Figure B-25: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 105 to 108

0

20

40

60

80

-200 0 200 400 600 800

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Inner ceiling surface 

TC Stations 1-6

Inner ceiling surface TC (99) Station 1 Inner ceiling surface TC (100) Station 2

Inner ceiling surface TC (101) Station 3 Inner ceiling surface TC (102) Station 4

Inner ceiling surface TC (103) Station 5 Inner ceiling surface TC (104) Station 6

0

15

30

45

60

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Inner ceiling surface 

TC Stations 7-10

Inner ceiling surface TC (105) Station 7 Inner ceiling surface TC (106) Station 8

Inner ceiling surface TC (107) Station 9 Inner ceiling surface TC (108) Station 10
B-19

Figure B-26: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 109 to 116

Figure B-27: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 117 to 124

0

15

30

45

60

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (

oC)

Time (sec)

North wall surface TC

Inner wall surface TC (109) North Center 0.90H Outer wall surface TC (110) North Center 0.90H

Inner wall surface TC (111) North Center 0.50H Outer wall surface TC (112) North Center 0.50H

Inner wall surface TC (113) North Right 0.90H Inner wall surface TC (114) North Right 0.50H

Inner wall surface TC (115) North Left 0.90H Inner wall surface TC (116) North Left 0.50H

0

15

30

45

60

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (

oC)

Time (sec)

South wall surface TC

Inner wall surface TC (117) South Center 0.90H Outer wall surface TC (118) South Center 0.90H

Inner wall surface TC (119) South Center 0.50H Outer wall surface TC (120) South Center 0.50H

Inner wall surface TC (121) South Right 0.90H Inner wall surface TC (122) South Right 0.50H

Inner wall surface TC (123) South Left 0.90H Inner wall surface TC (124) South Left 0.50H
B-20

Figure B-28: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 125 to 130

Figure B-29: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 131 to 136

0

10

20

30

40

50

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

East wall surface TC

Inner wall surface TC (125) East Right 0.90H Outer wall surface TC (126) East Right 0.90H

Inner wall surface TC (127) East Right 0.50H Inner wall surface TC (128) East Left 0.90H

Outer wall surface TC (129) East Left 0.90H Inner wall surface TC (130) East Left 0.50H

0

15

30

45

60

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

West wall surface TC

Inner wall surface TC (131) West Right 0.90H Outer wall surface TC (132) West Right 0.90H

Inner wall surface TC (133) West Right 0.50H Inner wall surface TC (134) West Left 0.90H

Outer wall surface TC (135) West Left 0.90H Inner wall surface TC (136) East Left 0.50H
B-21

Figure B-30: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 137 to 139

Figure B-31: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 140 to 145

0

15

30

45

60

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Floor surface TC Sectors

Floor surface TC (137) Sector 1

Floor surface TC (138) Sector 2

Floorl surface TC (139) Sector 3

0

4

8

12

16

20

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Cabinet surface TC 1-6

Cabinet surface TC (140) #1

Cabinet surface TC (141) #2

Cabinet surface TC (142) #3

Cabinet surface TC (143) #4

Cabinet surface TC (144) #5

Cabinet surface TC (145) #6
B-22

Figure B-32: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 146 to 151

Figure B-33: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 152 to 157

0

4

8

12

16

20

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Cabinet surface TC 7-12

Cabinet surface TC (146) #7

Cabinet surface TC (147) #8

Cabinet surface TC (148) #9

Cabinet surface TC (149) #10

Cabinet surface TC (150) #11

Cabinet surface TC (151) #12

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Cabinet surface TC 13-18

Cabinet surface TC (152) #13

Cabinet surface TC (153) #14

Cabinet surface TC (154) #15

Cabinet surface TC (155) #16

Cabinet surface TC (156) #17

Cabinet surface TC (157) #18
B-23

Figure B-34: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouple 158 to 161

Figure B-35: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 162 to 167

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Cabinet surface TC 19-22

Cabinet surface TC (158) #19

Cabinet surface TC (159) #20

Cabinet surface TC (160) #21

Cabinet surface TC (161) #22

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Sphere calorimeter 

Sector 1

Large Sphere calorimeter (162) Sector 1 0.98H

Small Sphere calorimeter (163) Sector 1 0.98H

Large Sphere calorimeter (164) Sector 1 0.70H

Small Sphere calorimeter (165) Sector 1 0.70H

Large Sphere calorimeter (166) Sector 1 0.30H

Small Sphere calorimeter (167) Sector 1 0.30H
B-24

Figure B-36: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 168 to 170

Figure B-37: Test 1 Plots of Thermocouples 174 to 176

0

20

40

60

80

100

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Sphere calorimeter 

Sector 2

Large Sphere calorimeter (168) Sector 2 0.98H

Small Sphere calorimeter (169) Sector 2 0.98H

Large Sphere calorimeter (170) Sector 2 0.70H

Small Sphere calorimeter (171) Sector 2 0.70H

Large Sphere calorimeter (172) Sector 2 0.30H

Small Sphere calorimeter (173) Sector 2 0.30H

0

20

40

60

80

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Sphere calorimeter 

Sector 3

Large Sphere calorimeter (174) Sector 3 0.98H

Small Sphere calorimeter (175) Sector 3 0.98H

Large Sphere calorimeter (176) Sector 3 0.70H

Small Sphere calorimeter (177) Sector 3 0.70H

Large Sphere calorimeter (178) Sector 3 0.30H

Small Sphere calorimeter (179) Sector 3 0.30H
B-25

B.4 180-197 Flow Probes Sheet

The fourth sheet in the data file entitled “180-197 Flow Probes,” contains the vertical and 

horizontal flow velocity data, channels #180-197. This section contains all data plots on this 

sheet. Appendix A contains details on each data channel. 

Figure B-38: Test 1 Plots of Flow Probes 180 to 185

0

2

4

6

8

10

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Velocity (m/s)

Time (sec)

Flow probe 

Sector 1 Horizontal flow probe (180) Sector 1 0.98H Vertical flow probe (181) Sector 1 0.98H

Horizontal flow probe (182) Sector 1 0.70H Vertical flow probe (183) Sector 1 0.70H

Horizontal flow probe (184) Sector 1 0.30H Vertical flow probe (185) Sector 1 0.30H
B-26

Figure B-39: Test 1 Plots of Flow Probes 186 to 191

Figure B-40: Test 1 Plots of Flow Probes 192 to 197

0

2

4

6

8

10

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Velocity (m/s)

Time (sec)

Flow probe 

Sector 2

Horizontal flow probe (186) Sector 2 0.98H Vertical flow probe (187) Sector 2 0.98H

Horizontal flow probe (188) Sector 2 0.70H Vertical flow probe (189) Sector 2 0.70H

Horizontal flow probe (190) Sector 2 0.30H Vertical flow probe (191) Sector 2 0.30H

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Velocity (m/s)

Time (sec)

Flow probe 

Sector 3

Horizontal flow probe (192) Sector 3 0.98H Vertical flow probe (193) Sector 3 0.98H

Horizontal flow probe (194) Sector 3 0.70H Vertical flow probe (195) Sector 3 0.70H

Horizontal flow probe (196) Sector 3 0.30H Vertical flow probe (197) Sector 3 0.30H
B-27

B.5 198-203 Pressure Differential Sheet

The fifth sheet in the data file entitled “198-203 P Diff,” contains the pressure differential data,

channels #198-203. This section contains all data plots in this sheet. Appendix A contains 

details on each data channel. 

Figure B-41: Test 1 Plots of Pressure Differential Channels 198 to 199

0

4

8

12

16

20

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Pressure differential

Time (sec)

Ventilation ressure differential

Presure Differential (198) Ventilation inlet

Presure Differential (199) Ventilation outlet
B-28

Figure B-42: Test 1 Plots of Pressure Differential Channels 200 to 201

Figure B-43: Test 1 Plots of Cabinet Pressure Differential Channels 202 to 2031

 1 Channels 202 to 203 were only used in the cabinet fire tests 19-25

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Pressure differential (H2O")

Time (sec)

Enclosure and atmospheric pressure differential

Presure Differential (200) Enclosure

Presure Differential (201) Atmosphere

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Pressure differential (H2O")

Time (sec)

Cabinet pressure 

differential

Presure Differential (202) Cabinet inlet

Presure Differential (203) Cabinet outlet
B-29

B.6 204-211 Optical Density Sheet

The sixth sheet in the data file entitled “204-211 Opt Dens,” contains the smoke optical density 

data, channels #204-211. This section contains all data plots on this sheet. Appendix A 

contains details on each data channel. 

Figure B-44: Test 1 Plots of Optical Density Channels 204 to 205

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Optical Density (1/M)

Time (sec)

Optical density Sector 1 Blue optical density (204) Sector 1 0.98H

Blue optical density (205) Sector 1 0.30H
B-30

Figure B-45: Test 1 Plots of Optical Density Channels 206 to 209

Figure B-46: Test 1 Plots of Optical Density Channels 210 to 211

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Optical Density (1/M)

Time (sec)

Optical density Sector 2 Blue optical density (206) Sector 2 0.98H

Red optical density (207) Sector 2 0.98H

IR optical density (208) Sector 2 0.98H

Blue optical density (209) Sector 2 0.30H

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Optical Density (1/M)

Time (sec)

Optical density Sector 3 Blue optical density (210) Sector 3 0.98H

Blue optical density (211) Sector 3 0.30H
B-31

B.7 212-221 Gas Concentration Sheet

The seventh sheet in the data file entitled “212-221 Gas”, contains the gas concentration data,

channels #212-221. This section contains all data plots on this sheet. Appendix A contains 

details on each data channel.

Note: Carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbons (THC) (Figure B-48) concentration was 0 

or undetectable in Test 1.

Figure B-47: Test 1 Plots of Gas Concentration Channels 212, 216, 218, 220, and 221

0

1

2

3

4

5

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Gas Percent (CO2 %)

Time (sec)

CO2 analyzer

CO2 analyzer (multiplexed)(212) Sector 1-3 0.98H

CO2 analyzer (multiplexed)(216) Sector 1-3 0.70H

CO2 analyzer (multiplexed)(218) Sector 1-3 0.30H

CO2 analyzer (220) Sector 2 0.98H

CO2 analyzer (221) Ventilation outlet
B-32

Figure B-48: Test 1 Plots of Gas Concentration Channels 213, 215, 217, and 219

Figure B-49: Test 1 Plots of Gas Concentration Channel 214

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Gas Concentration (ppm)

Time (sec)

CO & THC analyzers CO analyzer (multiplexed)(213) Sector 1-3 0.98H

THC analyzer (multiplexed)(215) Sector 1-3 0.98H

CO analyzer (multiplexed)(217) Sector 1-3 0.70H

CO analyzer (multiplexed)(219) Sector 1-3 0.30H

0

5

10

15

20

25

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Gas Percent (O2 %)

Time (sec)

O2 analyzer

O2 analyzer (multiplexed) (214) Sector 1-3 0.98H
B-33

B.8 222-249 Heat and Mass Loss Sheet

The eighth sheet, titled “222-249 Heat & Mass” in the data file, contains the surface heat flux 

and mass loss data, channels #222-249. This section contains all the data plots on this sheet. 

Appendix A contains details on each data channel. 

In the original data files, the “Enclosure Surface Heat Flux Data” (Channels 231-243) were not 

reported correctly. The issue with this data could not be resolved as recommended by the 

“Survivor’s Guide” because of the unavailability of a conversion factor (milliampere [mA] to 

engineering units [W/m2

]) needed to convert the raw data to the processed data. As such, this 

data is lost.

Figure B-50: Test 1 Plots of Heat Flux Channels 222 to 224

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Ceiling heat flux Sectors Ceiling heat flux (222) Sector 1

Ceiling heat flux (223) Sector 2

Ceiling heat flux (224) Sector 3
B-34

Figure B-51: Test 1 Plots of Heat Flux Channels 225 to 230

Figure B-52: Test 1 Plots of Heat Flux Channels 231 to 233

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Ceiling heat flux 

Stations

Ceiling heat flux (225) Station 1 Ceiling heat flux (226) Station 2

Ceiling heat flux (227) Station 3 Ceiling heat flux (228) Station 8

Ceiling heat flux (229) Station 9 Ceiling heat flux (230) Station 10

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

North wall heat flux Wall heat flux (231) North center 0.90H

Wall heat flux (232) North right 0.90H

Wall heat flux (233) North left 0.90H
B-35

Figure B-53: Test 1 Plots of Heat Flux Channels 234 to 236

Figure B-54: Test 1 Plots of Heat Flux Channels 237 to 238

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

South wall heat flux Wall heat flux (234) South center 0.90H

Wall heat flux (235) South right 0.90H

Wall heat flux (236) South left 0.90H

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

East wall heat flux Wall heat flux (237) East right 0.90H

Wall heat flux (238) East right 0.90H
B-36

Figure B-55: Test 1 Plots of Heat Flux Channels 239 to 240

Figure B-56: Test 1 Plots of Heat Flux Channels 241 to 243

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

West wall heat flux Wall heat flux (239) West right 0.90H

Wall heat flux (240) West left 0.90H

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Floor heat flux Floor heat flux (241) Station 1

Floor heat flux (242) Station 2

Floor heat flux (243) Station 3
B-37

Figure B-57: Test 1 Plots of Heat Flux Channels 244 to 248

Figure B-58: Test 1 Plots of Mass Loss Channel 249

0

2

4

6

8

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Cabinet heat flux Cabinet heat flux (244) #1

Cabinet heat flux (245) #2

Cabinet heat flux (246) #3

Cabinet heat flux (247) #4

Cabinet heat flux (248) #5

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Mass loss (N/C)

Time (sec)

Mass loss Mass Loss (249)
B-38

B.9 250-306 Raw Data Sheet

The ninth sheet in the data file entitled “250-306 Data”, contains the processing channels of raw 

data, channels #250-306. This data is used to generate the flow velocities and gas 

concentrations reported in the other channels. Appendix A contains details on each data 

channel.

B.10 Collector Report Sheet

The tenth sheet in the data file entitled “Collector Report” from the Fire Product Collector (FPC) 

related to the fire products and exhaust gases. Appendix A contains details on each data 

channel. 

The enclosure exhaust gas represents only a very small fraction of the total flow through the fire 

products collector. The exhaust gas stream was diluted significantly by air drawn into the 

collector from the general enclosure. The actual gas concentration values, smoke density and 

temperature all represent a mixture of ambient and enclosure gas streams. Due mostly to the 

very large volume of the test enclosure, there is a significant lag time between the fire behavior 

within the room and sensing of the associated effects at the fire products collector.

Figure B-59: Test 1 FPC Plots Thermocouple Channels FPC 1 to 3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

-200 0 200 400 600 800

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Fire Product Collector

Thermocouples

FPC Thermocouple (FPC 1)

FPC Thermocouple (FPC 2)

FPC Thermocouple (FPC 3)
B-39

Figure B-60: Test 1 FPC Plots Gas Concentration Channels FPC 4, 5, and 7

Figure B-61: Test 1 FPC Plots Oxygen Concentration Channels FPC 6

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

-200 0 200 400 600 800

Concentration (ppm)

Time (sec)

Fire Product Collector

Gas Concentration

CO2 Concentration (FPC 4)

CO Concentration (FPC 5)

Total Hydrocarbons Concentration (FPC 7)

0

5

10

15

20

25

-200 0 200 400 600 800

Concentration (%)

Time (sec)

Fire Product Collector O2 O2 Concentration (FPC 6)
B-40

Figure B-62: Test 1 FPC Plots Mass Flow Channels FPC 8

Figure B-63: Test 1 FPC Plots Gas Flow Channels FPC 12 to 15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

-200 0 200 400 600 800

Mass Flow (kg/s)

Time (sec)

Fire Product Collector

Mass Flow

Mass Flow (FPC 8)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

-200 0 200 400 600 800

Gas Flow (g/s)

Time (sec)

Fire Product Collector

Gas flow

CO2 Flow (FPC 12)

CO Flow (FPC 13)

O2n Flow (FPC 14)

Total Hydrocarbon Flow (FPC 15)
B-41

Figure B-64: Test 1 FPC Plots Gas QT Channels FPC 12 to 15

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

-200 0 200 400 600 800

QT (kW)

Time (sec)

Fire Product Collector

Gas QT

FPC QT CO2 (FPC 16)

FPC QT O2 (FPC 17)
B-42

B.11 Heat Flux Report Sheet

The eleventh sheet, titled “Heat Flux Report” (HFR), is derived from the large and small sphere 

calorimeters located in matched pairs at various locations within the room to estimate the heat 

flux at a given location. Appendix A contains details on each data channel.

Figure B-65: Test 1 HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1 and T2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 1, 0.98H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-43

Figure B-66: Test 1 HFR, Sector 1, 0.98H, Plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2,

and CHF2

Figure B-67: Test 1 HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, Plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1, and T2

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 1, 0.98H, Heat flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 1, 0.7H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-44

Figure B-68: Test 1 HFR, Sector 1, 0.7H, plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2,

and CHF2

Figure B-69: Test 1 HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1, and T2

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 1, 0.7H, Heat Flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 1, 0.3H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-45

Figure B-70: Test 1 HFR, Sector 1, 0.3H, plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2 

and CHF2

Figure B-71: Test 1 HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1, and T2

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 1, 0.3H, Heat Flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 2, 0.98H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-46

Figure B-72: Test 1 HFR, Sector 2, 0.98H, Plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2,

and CHF2

Figure B-73: Test 1 HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1, and T2

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 2, 0.98H, Heat Flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 2, 0.7H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-47

Figure B-74: Test 1 HFR, Sector 2, 0.7H, Plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2,

and CHF2

Figure B-75: Test 1 HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1, and T2

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 2, 0.7H, Heat Flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 2, 0.3H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-48

Figure B-76: Test 1 HFR, Sector 2, 0.3H, Plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2,

and CHF2

Figure B-77: Test 1 HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1, and T2

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 2, 0.3H, Heat Flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 3, 0.98H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-49

Figure B-78: Test 1 HFR, Sector 3, 0.98H, Plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2,

and CHF2

Figure B-79: Test 1 HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1, and T2

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 3, 0.98H, Heat Flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 3, 0.7H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-50

Figure B-80: Test 1 HFR, Sector 3, 0.7H, Plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2,

and CHF2

Figure B-81: Test 1 HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Plots Thermocouple Channels TG, T1, and T2

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 3, 0.7H, Heat Flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Temperature (oC)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 3, 0.3H, Temperature

HFR Thermocouple (TG)

HFR Thermocouple (T1)

HFR Thermocouple (T2)
B-51

Figure B-82: Test 1 HFR, Sector 3, 0.3H, Plots Heat Flux Channels RHF1, CHF1, RHF2,

and CHF2

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0 200 400 600 800

Heat flux (kW/m2)

Time (sec)

Heat Flux Report

Sector 3, 0.3H, Heat Flux

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF1)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF1)

HFR Radiative Heat Flux (RHF2)

HFR Convective Heat Flux (CHF2)





NUREG-2164 Consolidation of the 1985 Sandia National Laboratories/Factory Mutual Main 

Control Room and Electrical Cabinet Fire Test Data