INTERNATIONAL YEARS OF THE QUIET SUN

Issued by the International Ursigram and World Days Service under the auspices of U.R.S.I.

International Geophysical Calendar 1964

1964 JANUARY 1964 FEBRUARY 1964 MARCH
SoM TW T FS soM TW TF S soM TW TF
ad 2 1 1 2 3ZN 5 6
A 2 3 4 6 7 8 8 9 10 12 13
OTe) 9 10 11 13014015 15 16 © ® 2
BR 1% 17 @ @ 21 22 22 23 24 26 27
23 24 25 27 28 29 29 30 31
1964 APRIL 1964 MAY 1964 JUNE
SoM T W T FS SM T W T F
12 1 22n4 5
3 4 5) 7 8 9 28 9 Wo 12
10 11 12 1415 16 14 15 @ @
7 16 @ @) 22 23 21 22 2 25 26
24 25 26 28 29 30 28 29 30
31
1964 JULY 1964 AUGUST 1964 SEPTEMBER
soM TW TF S soM oT WT F
1 a 304
23 4206 7 8 6 7 8 10 11
210 132014 15 13014 15 7 18
16 17 @, @ 21 22 20 21 @, @) 25
2324 25 2728 29 27 28 29
30 31
1964 NOVEMBER 1964 DECEMBER
soM TW TF S SoM
1 2 3285 6 7
8 9 10 1213 14 67
15 16 OAR® 2 21 334
22 23 24 26 27 28 20 21
29 30 27° «28
@) Regular World Day (RWD) © Quarterly Weld Day (WD).
( Doy of Solar Eclipse (® Priority Regular World Dey (PRWD)
_7_ Day with unusual meteor shower activity VAIN Regular Geophysical Day (RGD)
[TE_T7 World Geophysical Interval (WGI) + Priority WGI, particularly Southern Hemisphere

~16-

s
7
14
2

12
19
26

Bae

re)



International Geophysical Calendar 1962

1. Purpose—The International Geophysical Calendar 1962 designates selected days and intervals for special attention
for geophysical experiments and analysis during 1962 and is thus a framework for world-wide co-ordination. It serves
mainly the branches of geophysics dealing with the earth’s atmosphere in which many phenomena vary significantly dur-
ing the course of a year, In some experiments, such as the routine recording of variations of the earth’s magnetic field,
the observing and analysis programs at observatories are normally carried out at a uniform level throughout the year; in
these cases the Calendar is not needed. However, in many other experiments (for example, rocket experiments), it is not
practical or meaningful to carry out the same program on each and every day. Here the Calendar can provide a useful
mechanism for coordination: experimenters will know that their colleagues in other countries, in other laboratories and in
other disciplines will tend to also carry out experiments on the days or intervals marked on the Calendar. In this way,
results of experiments may later be more easily and usefully compared.

In some scientific fields, international scientific organizations have made specific recommendations for programs to
be done on days or intervals marked on the Calendar. In others, the arrangements are informal or self-evident. Some
examples are given below.

2, Regular World Days (RWD) are intended for observations or analyses or special experiments which as a practical
matter can be done for only about 10% of days and should be spaced throughout the year. Examples in Ionospheric
Physics are: oblique incidence pulse transmission and reception; absorption measurement by pulse reflection technique;
extended observing schedule for whistlers and V.L.F. emissions; vertical sounding ionograms by f-plot, h’-plot, etc.;
hourly reduction from ionograms of F-region true height parameters “hc” and “qe”.

The RWD with highest priority are for similar work which can be undertaken for only one day each month. A
specific example is the program recommended by U.R.S.I. for exchange of copies of original ionograms in ionospheric
vertical sounding work.

3. World Synoptic Intervals (WSI) are intended for experiments which for practical reasons cannot be carried on
continuously, but for which statistics of seasonal variations are especially needed. To simplify the Calendar the Regular
World Intervals, World Meteorological Intervals and International Rocket Weeks of past years have been combined for
1962 into one set of intervals. For the sake of the synoptic meteorological rocket programs as designated by COSPAR and
‘WMO the intervals have been placed about a month after the equinoxes and solstices—the times of marked seasonal
change in certain upper air meteorological phenomena. During WSI meteorological rockets at a network of stations are
launched at Jeast once daily. Balloon sounding programs either with special instruments or launchings to unusually high
balloon altitudes have been planned during WSI. Other programs such as ionospheric drift and high atmosphere wind
measurements are other examples of suitable programs for such intervals. In several disciplines sample detailed data will
provide a sampling of variations throughout the year but with improved statistics during one month of each season.

4, Other Special Days marked on the Calendar include the days of solar eclipses, two in 1962 and one in January
1963, when special programs may be expected to be carried out in appropriate parts of the world to study the sun and
any eclipse effects on the earth’s atmosphere. Ionospheric stations customarily increase their observing programs even if
the magnitude of eclipse at their location is small. Many solar activity observatories take extra observations and issue
specially detailed reports to assist the interpretation of the geophysical effects. Also shown are days when meteor shower
activity is unusual. These include some of the important visual meteor showers and also unusual showers observable
mainly by radio and radar techniques. Attention is also called to these days in case ionization produced by meteors may
account for unusual effects in other geophysical experiments. The Annual World Meteorological Day, selected as March
23 (not marked on the Calendar), was first celebrated in 1961. Its purpose is to make the services which national
meteorological services can render to the various branches of economic development, as well as the activities of the World
Meteorological Organization, better known and appreciated by the public of all countries.

5, Special Intervals not appearing on Calendar—Periods of great magnetic, auroral and ionospheric disturbance are also of
considerable geophysical interest. Worldwide coordination of observation is especially useful for stations not near the auroral zones,
that is, places where the beginning of a major disturbance may not be immediately apparent from local observations. Notices of
Geophysical Alerts and Special World Intervals (SWI) are distributed by telegram or radio broadcast on a current basis by the
solar-geophysical Regional Warning Centers, whose telegraphic addresses are as follows: AGIWARN WASHINGTON (U.S.A.);
AGI KOKUBUNJI (Japan); NIZMIR MOSCOW (U.S.S.R.); IONOSPHARE DARMSTADT (G.F.R.) or GENTELABO PARIS
(France) or A.G.I, NEDERHORSTDENBERG (Netherlands). The meteorological telecommunications network coordinated by
W.M.O. carries such information once daily soon after 1600 U.T. Many geophysical stations increase their programs or carry on
special experiments during disturbed periods. Prompt notification of immediately significant geophysical observations and of major
solar flare events which have important and sometimes long lasting geophysical effects, are also undertaken through the Regional
Warning Centers.

5. The International World Day Service (1.W.D.S.) was established in 1958 by the International Council of Scientific Unions
(L.C.8.U.) and is administered by the International Scientific Radio Union (U.R.S.L.), 7, Place Emile Danco, Brussels 18, Belgium.
‘This Calendar has been drawn up by A. H. Shapley and J. V. Lincoln in consultation with interested LC.$.0, unions and commit
tees and representatives of the W.M.O. A fuller description of the Calendar has appeared in the U.R.S.I. Information Bulletin and
various widely available scientific publications,

- 10 -



IUWDS International Geophysical Calendar for 1967

EXPLANATIONS
1. Purpose. The Interations! Geophysical Colendor designetes
doys and intervals selected for special oltention for geuplnysical
Observations, experiments, dota interchange or anulyses. Tt #8
ramework for worldwide ond interdiseiplinary “coordination
im those programs where it 1s not pructwal wr meacinyful to culty
out the some work for cach ond every day. The Calendar serves
moialy the branches of geophysics dealing with the earth's ut
mosphere. A principal use is for the coordination, of the. sonipliag
Gt the mony phenomena which very significantly during the course
of ¢ year, The Calender is prepared by the Intemational Ursigrom
‘ond World Boys Service (IUWDS) with the advice af the spokes-
men for the various scientific. disciplines, especially for the
suggesied scientific programs recommended 10" be cortied cut
for the days or intervals marked on the Calendar fsee paragranhs
V1 to 16 below). In addition at is common practice for. indi dual
aeophysieal stotions oF groups of Stans fo, urronge some af thei
plans of observations aceording to the Calendar. ‘Thus geophysicists
Gon expect that their colleagues in other countries, in other labora.
fortes anid in other geophysical disciplin.s will tend 10 be. making
increased efforts for the days und intervals marked on the Calendar,
the amount of geophysical dara im existence, at the World Dota
Genters and elsewhere, wil occontingly be greater for Calendar
loys.
2. Universal Time (UT) is the stendord of time fur oft
world days on the Colendor, ie, each begins at 0000 UT ond

ends ot 2400 UT,

3. Regular Geophysical Days {RGD) ore cach Wednesday
throughout the year. This weekly sompling schedule is particularly
designed for the purposes of the meteorological program but hos
also been odopted for some other geophysical programs

4. Regular World Doys (RWD) are three consecutive doys
each munth, always Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday neor the middle
of the month They are intended for observations, experiments of
onolyses which can or need be made for obout 10% of days ond
which should be spaced in groups of three doys) throughout the
year.

5, Priority Regular World Doys {PRWD) ore one day each
month--the RWD which ore also. RGD {Wednesday}, They ore
for work which con er needs to be done only one doy cach manth
throughout the year

6. Quarterly Werld Days (QWD) are one doy in eoch quarter

of the year They ore the PRWD which fall within the World
Geophysical Intervals (WGI) and are also 9 RGD. {Weulnesday)
The serve to coordinate seasonal high-alntude rocket ex-

periments,

7. World Geophysical Intervals (WGI) during 1967 ore fourteen
consecutive days in cach season, beginning on the second Monday
of the selected months, They always include the tee RWD of the
month ond the QWD for the season, The WGI ore intended for
intensified orcarams aimed at the statistics of seasonal variations or
the timing of seasonal chenges. The schedule of WGI relotive to
the cquinoxes and sohtices 1s usually mace different from year to
vear; however, the schedule for 1967 is similar to 1966 in order to
helide the star ectipse of Moy 9 within a WGI.

B. Soler Eclipses ore May 9 (partial) observable in Nosth
America, Greenlond, Iecland, northern Scandinovie, and the north
polar regigns; and November 2 (tote! but not central) in_a emall
‘crea in the South Atlontic Ocean just north of Antarctica, Geonhysi-
cal stations in the eclinse zones and their conjugate areas reat
thee days as world days ond undertake special programs. to
study eclipse effect: an the certh’s atmmphere. For mops of the
eclipse zene and pertinent details set yay. standard astronomical
ephemens or yearbook:

9. Meteor Showers of special interest are also morked on the
Calendar, including some of the important visual showers ond olso
unusucl showers observable mainly by rodio and radar techniques
Aitention is called to these day» (selected by P. Millman, Ottawa! in
case ionization produced by meteors may account for unusual effects
ia other geophysical experiments

10. “World Days" not oppeering on Calendar. The occurrence
ct unusual solar or geophysical conditions are onnounced or forecast
through various types of geophysical “Alerts” which are widely
distaibuted by telegram and radia broadcast en a current schedule

‘The types of Alerts are; magnetic storm fin telearams M) Mi,
solor flare ‘SOFLARE), covmic ray event (COSMIC EVENT! and
sudden end uaustal strotespihene wormings (STRATWARM) These

‘Aierts ore issued by the IUWDS Werld Warning Ageney or under
certain. ciscumstonees by one of the salar geophysical Regional
Worning Centers. © The meteorological telecommunications network
ceardinared by WMO corres the worldwide Alerts once. dally
Siem after 0400 UT. Many geophysical "stations. in the verieus
Giseiplines sncrease thee programs cr carry on special experinvents
te toke advantage of the speziel solur or geophysical cond
tions during the. period of “Alert. “Selections at Retrospectiv
World ‘intervals, after o delay ot a few months, ofe also announced
by the World Warning Agency. An additional service of the Regional
Warning Centers is to notily geophysical and solar stations promptly
(Ursigrams) with summary details cf immediately sigificant ‘geo.
physical observotions ond of major solar events which have impertont
fond. sometimes long-losting “geephysical elfects The. tclegrophve
‘addresses of the Regional Warring Centers are os follows: AGIWARN
WASHINGTON (USA), DEMPA TOKYO UAPANI.NIZMIR MOSCOW
{USSR}; IONOSPHAERE DARMSTADT (GFR) or CNETAGI MEUDON
IFRANCE:. Associate RWC cperate in some ether localities

‘The Internati
Science (URS, wi

RECOMMENDED SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS.
OPERATIONAL EDITION

(The following moterial wos reviewed in 1966 by spokesmen for
the various scientific disciplines ond the 9th Meeting of COSPAR os
suitable for coordinated geophysical programs in 1967.)

11, Meteorology. Particular efforts should be made to carry out
fon intensified program cn the RGD—each Wednesdoy, UT. A
desirable goal would be the scheduling of meteorological rocket-
sondes, ozone tondes and radiometer sondes on these days, together
with moximum-altitude rawinsende oscents at both 6000. and
1200 UT.

During WGI ond STRATWARM lett intervals, intensified
programs are olso desirable, oreferobly by the implementation of
RGD-type progroms ‘see above) cn Mondays and Fridays, o: well
os on Wednesdays.

12. Geomagnetism. It hos always been a leading principle for
geomagnetic observatories that operations should bee: continuous
9% possible, Thus the great majority of stotions toking port in
the geomagnetic program will undertake the some pragram without
regard to the Calendar. The days morked on the Colendor will be
of interest meinly to the following two types of geomagnetic sto-
tions: (a) Stotions. recording quick-run micropulsctions {with fost
chart speeds) cre requested to make such records on every RGD-—
eoch Wednesday, UT—eccording ta the following schedule: 1967
Jen. 4 from 1800 ta 2200 UT; Jon. 11 from 1900 to 2300 UT;
Jan, 18 from 2000 to 0000 UT; etc, The observotories ore not
‘obliged to send their recordings to the World Dota Centers except
by special request (see IQSY World Days Manual under Retrospective
World Intervals on Micropulsotions). (b) Stations which, in addition
to other activities, ore equipped for moking magnetic observations.
but which con not cory out such observations ond reductions on
© continuous schedule ore encouraged to carry cut such work of
feast on RWD (and during times of MAGSTORM Alert).

13, lonesphere. For the vertical incidence sounding program,
the summary recommendations ore: {0} soundings to bz made of
five minute intervals or less on RWDs for stations normally making
observotions every quarter hour or at more frequent intervals; all
stotions ore recommended to make at least quarter hourly ebserva-
tions on RWDs; (b) f.plots ore made for high letitude stations and
representative stations at lower latitudes for all days (i.e., including
RWDs ond WGls); {c) profile parameters he, qc or recommended
similor porometers to be determined and sent to WOCs for RWDs
for all stotions, exceot those undertaking full profile programs or
producing monthly median profiles; (d) copies of hourly ionograms
‘with eppropriate scales for PRWDs ore to be sent to WOCs; (e) sto-
tions in. the eclipse zone and its conjugate orca should take
continuous observations on selor eclipse days and special obser
Yotians on adjacent days in accordance with detailed recommenda:
tions in Tonusphere Manuals. Continuous records of ionospheric
poremeters are acceptable in place of f-plots at temperate and
fow latitude stations

For the ionospheric drifts program, observations are made at
least on ell RWDs, on oll WGls, on every Wednesday (RGDs) ond
‘on every Thursdoy (day following each RGD), Hourly tobulations
for oli days mentioned are sent to the WDC, It is essentiol thet suffi.
jent ebiervations be made to provide representative volues of the
diurnal variations, Hourly tobulstions for this purpose should also be
sent

For“ths tonaspheric absorption program, diurnal hourly observa
tions are mede af least on all RWDs and hourly tabulations sent to
WOC:. Continuous observations on solar eclipse days, where possible,
for stotins in eeline zone and its conjugate area.” Special effor
should be made 10 obtain additional absorption measurements al
Temperate folitude sluvons ducing the peried of Absorption Winter
‘Anomaly. particularly on days of abnormally high or obnormolly
iow absorption opproximetely Novembor-March, Northern Hor:
sphere, Mov-September, Southern Hemisphere)

For back-scatter ond. forword-scatter programs, cbservations
should be made on ell RWDs at least

For topside sounding experiments, it is recommended 10 sond
copies of records to WDCs for all RWDs at least

For ELF note measurements involving the eorth-ionosphere
covity resnance ony special effort should be concentrated during
the WGI.

I is recommended that more intensive observations in alt pro
roms be considered on doys of unusual meteor activily,

14, Solar Activity. Observatories ore invited to issue ond send
to the WES of all disciplines special reports of their regulor and
‘ony ‘special observations on oll solar eclipse days to assist in the
interpretation of geophysical observations mode in the eclipse zones

15. Cosmic Reys, Aeronomy. Experimenters should toke into
account thot observational effert in other disciplines tends to be in-
tensified on the doys marked on the Calendar, and schedule balloon
and rocket experiments eccordinaly sf there are no ether geophysical
Feosons (or choice.

16. Space Rescarch. In view of the variability of the D and E
regions of the ionosphere,, it is desirable to moke rocket measure
monts of their charocteristics on the some day at as many lecations
95 possible. Where feasible, experimenters should endeavar to
launch rockets on the Quarterly World Days (QWD) since these
ere also days when there will be maximum support from ground
observations

al Ursigram ond World Doys Service (IUWDS) is @ permanent scientific service of the Internotionol Union of Radio
the portteipation of the International Astronemicel Union ond the International Union Geodesy end Geophysics

TUWDS adheres To the Federation of Astronomical and Geuphysical Services of the International Council of Scientific Unions. | The
HUWDS covedinates the international aspects of the world days program and rapid dota interchange, and also publish. subsequently
‘an onnval Calendar Record of solar ond geophysical indices end events,

‘This Colendar for 1967 hax beer drawn up by AH. Shapley, Chowman, and J. V. Lincoln, Deputy Secretary.

Steering Committee, on
‘ond COSPAR, | Similor, Calendars have ix
widely avciloble scientific publications,

af the IUWDS

the CIG Commute ond the Reporters ana spokesmen for the various scientilic disciplines
een rssued annually beginning with the IGY,

1957-58, “and have been publuhed in various

= 20-



International Geophysical Calendars

1957 - 1969

The International Geophysical Calendars for the years 1957 to 1969
are collected in this report as a convenience to research workers in
solar and geophysical sciences. The Calendars have been issued annually
and each year get wide distribution as leaflets and in many scientific
journals. Since they are then scattered in the scientific literature,
it is evident that a single collection will be helpful to the research
worker.

According to the plan begun during the International Geophysical
Year, solar and geophysical observations which cannot be carried out
continuously are recommended to be concentrated on days marked on the
Calendar. Thus, the amount of observational data in existence tends to
be larger on Calendar days. Further, the recommendations on data reduc-
tion and especially the flow of data to World Data Centers in many
instances emphasize Calendar days, so the amount of data conveniently
available to the scientific community through the WDC will be greater on
Calendar days. Therefore, this collection of Calendars should assist
research scientists in the selection of periods for study when a maxi-
mum amount of data is desired, and in their resulting requests to the
WDCs.

The Calendars for 1957 to 1959 were prepared under the auspices of
the World Days Program of the Special Committee for the International
Geophysical Year of the International Council of Scientific Unions.

From 1960 through 1962 the International World Days Service was respon-
sible for their preparation. Since 1963 the dates have been selected by
its successor, the International Ursigram and World Days Service, a
permanent service of the International Union of Radio Science in asso-
eiation with the International Astronomical Union and the International
Union for Geodesy and Geophysics. For the whole period the work was done
with the consultation of the interested I.C.S.U. unions and committees,
and representatives of the World Meteorological Organization. The
authors of the present report have been responsible for the coordination
of the work and the preparation of the Calendars throughout this period.

For the IGY and through 1960, the recommendations to the scientific
community as to observations, analysis and data flow for days marked on
the Calendar were those contained in the Instruction Manuals of the
various IGY Programs [1], while information on the construction of the
Calendar itself is covered in the IGY Instruction Manual on World Days
and Communications [2]. Beginning with 1961 the program recommendations
were provided year by year on the back side of the Calendar leaflet.
These are reprinted in this report on the page facing the Calendar for



1965

s

3

M

4

International Geophysical Calendar 1965

JANUARY
Tw T

1965 FEBRUARY
SoM TW TF S§
1 2204 5 6
7 8 9 W120 13
4°15 @ @ 19 2
21 22 23 25 26 27
28
1965 MAY
SoM TW TF S
1
203 4, 6 7 8
9 10 1 1314 15
16 17 @, @ 21 22
23. 24 25 27 28 29
31
1965 AUGUST
SMT WTF S
12 32y5 6 7
8 9 10 2 13 O14
15 16 @ 2 2
22 23 24 26 27 28
29 30 31
1965 NOVEMBER
SoM TW TF S
12 4.5 6
7 8 9 Wo 12013
4 15 ®, @ 19 20
21 22 Bal 25 26 27
28 29 30

1965

SoM

1965,

MARCH

1965 DECEMBER
SoM TW T FS
2023 4

9

1965 APRIL
SoM TW T FS
1 2.3
4 5 6£ZXN 8 9 10
11213 5 16 17
18 19 @ @ 23 26
25 26 27 29 30
1965 JULY
SoM T WT F S
1 2 3
4 5 62X08 9 10
112013 15 16 17
18 19 @ @ 23 24
25 26 27 22 30 31
1965 OCTOBER
SoM TW TF S
12
304 SLN 7 8 9
tO 41 12 14 15 16
17 18 Q, @ 22 23
24 25 26 28 29 30
31
1966 JANUARY
SoM TW TE S
]
234 6 7 8
9s 0 © @ 4 15
1617 18 20 21 22
23 24 25 27 28 29
30 31

© ‘Regular World Day (RWD)
(31) Day of Solar Eclipse
_Z_ Day with unusual meteor shower activity

16 17~ World Geophysical Interval (WGI)

-7-

4
®
as

+

Quarterly World Day (QWD),
also a PRWD and RGD

Priority Regular World Day (PRWD)
Regular Geophysical Doy (RGD)

Priority WGI, particularly
Northern Hemisphere



IUWDS International Geophysical Calendar for 1968
1968 JANUARY 1968 FEBRUARY 1968 MARCH
s MT WT F S s MT WT F S$
12 3 12
456A 8 9 0 3 4 5 4&7 8 98
he @®@&@® 6 on © @5 6
18 19 20 AX 22 23 24 7 1 1 As 2 22 23
25 26 27 AX 29 24 25 26 AN 30
31
MAY 1968 JUNE
MoT WoT F Ss soM TW T FS
N23 4 1
6 749 on 3 44628
3 @M © 7 8 220 OMB 4 5 |
20 21 AX 2 24 2 16 17 18 AX 20 21 22 {
27 28 AX 30 31 23 24 25 AN 27 28 29
30
AUGUST 1968 ‘SEPTEMBER
MoT wet FOS Ss M T W T F s
12.3 12345 6 7
5 6 A828 9 © 8 9 0 A eB 4
2 @Aa&6O 6 5 6 @ A @ 20 2
9 20 AN 22 23 24 23 24 AN 26 27 28
26 27 AX 29 30 3 29 30
NOVEMBER: 1968 DECEMBER
MoT WT FS soM T WoT F §
12 12345 7
4547 8 9 8s 0 #2 BY
u A@ 56 6 56 6 @ & ®@ ai
ie 19 AN 2 2 23 22 23 24 AX 26 27 28
25 26 AX 26 29 30 29 30 31
Regular World Day (RWO) QD  auorterty world Day (wo)
Day of Solar Ectipse also a PRWD ond RGD
Doy with Unusuot Meteor ® Priority Regular World Day
Shower Activity (PRWO)
World Geophysicol Interval LOX Regutor Geophysical Doy
(wen (RGD)
TABLE OF WORLD DAYS MARKED ON THE CALENDAR
1968 RWwD PRWD WD Rep Wot ECL. METEORS
Jon 6,17, 18 17,8, 40,17, 28, a2 4
Fe. 13, 14, 151, 14, 21, 28 _ -~ =
Mer, 12, 13, 14 13 _ 6, 13, 20, 27 - (28-29 _
Aen 16, 1, 1B, 10,07, 28 B21
Moy 14, 15, 16 18 - 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 - — 45 |
June, 1, 13 1D OS, 1, HD, 26 - — 610 :
July 16, «17, 188, 10,17, 24H a2t (2880
Ag. 13, 14:15, 1,2, B - — 1013
Sep. 7, 119 1B, 18, 25 _ ao
‘Oct. 15, 16, 17 16 6 2, 9 16, 23, 30 7-20 - 20
Now 12,13, 1413 G13, 20, 27 = - 6
De. «17, 89, 1B, 5 - — laa
22
-23-



1966 JANUARY 1966 FEBRUARY 1968 = MARCH
Ss oM T WT F S soM TW TF Ss soM oT WT FS
' Hi 1A 3 5

234406 7 8 8 6 78 fKon e

s 0 @O 4 5 ® 34 @@ 6 9

6 17 1 AX 2 2 2 22 20 2 2 AX 2a 2 2

23 2a 25 AQ 27 28 29 27 28 a 2 2 AX 3

30 31

1966 APRIL 1966 JUNE

Ss MT WT FS s MT Ww TF Ss
12 4023 4

34 85LfQ\7 9 5 8 3 om

o 1 @A@ 5 6 2B @M@ 7 8

wwe 1 AX 2 ge 2 20 2 AX 2 24 2

2a 2 26 AX 2 29 30 2 a 2 AX 30

1966 suLy 1966 AUGUST 1966 SEPTEMBER

soM oT Wt F Ss s MT WT F S$ s MT WT FS
12 2 Ay 4 5 6 1 3

3 4 547 8 9 9 a 2 8 45 6f\8 9 0

0 1 @A® 5 6 @~ @ 1 2 @®@M@ 6 7

17 13 9 AX 2 2 23 ZX 2% 26 2 ie 19 20 AX 2 2

2a 2 26 AX 28 2 30 ze 2 30 AX 25 26 27 AX 2% 30

31

1966 OCTOBER 1966 DECEMBER

Ss oM TW T FS s MT WTF S$

f 1203

23 4406 7 8 45 64086 9 0

2 0 OO 4 5 12 @A6 «1

17 6 2 2 2 8 19 20 AX 22 23 24

23 mm 2 AN oT we 2 26 a7 AN 29 30 3

1967 JANUARY

s M TOW T F s [O} Regular World Doy (RWD) D ovarterty World Day (QWOD)

123445 6 7 £3 Day of Solar Eclipse also a PRWO and RGD

e 9 ow fX 2 8 14 '3. Day with unusual meteor ® Priority Regular World Doy

5 6 @ A ® 2 2 ‘shower activity (PRWD)

22 23 24 AX 2 27 28 [FE World Geophysical Interval Ay Reguior Geophysicat Ooy

2 30 31 (wen) RGD)

TABLE OF WORLD DAYS MARKED ON THE CALENDAR
1966 AWD PRD QWD Rep Wel ECL. METEORS
fon 1, 1,121 IZ, 26 — 34
Foo 1S, 16, SB, 18D 0
Mer 15, 87H 8 De
Ao 1 13, eG, 2D, - 5 oR
Moy 17, 18,19 BB, 1, 25 on 4b q
June 14,15, 16 IB 1, 8 15, 22, 29 — 60 :
July 12,13, 14 13 6 13, 20, 27 _ — 2830 Hl
an a Sn) i
sp 1 IS, 1,2, 28 ee i
Oct M12, 13 12 ~ S12 19, 26 - — 202 '
Nov. 18, 16, 17 6 1% 2% 16 23, 30 7.20 1216.17 i
Dee 13, 14, 15 4 - 7, 14, 21, 28 - _ rors '
22.23



International Geophysical Calendar for the
International Years of the Quiet Sun, 1964 and 1965

1, Purpose—The International Geophysical Calendar designates days and intervals selected for special
attention for geophysical observations, experiments, data interchange or analyses, It is thus a framework for
world-wide and interdisciplinary coordination in those programs where it is not practical or meaningful to carry
out the same work for each and every day. The Calendar serves mainly the branches of geophysics dealing with
the earth’s atmosphere. A principal use is for the coordination of the sampling of the many phenomena which
vary significantly during the course of a year. For many geophysical programs, the Committee for the !nter-
national Years of the Quiet Sun 1964-65 (IQSY) has made recommendations on work to be carried out for the
days or intervals marked on the Calendar (see paragraphs 12 to 17 below). It is also common for individual
geophysical stations or groups of stations to arrange some of their plans of observations according to the Cal-
endar. Thus geophysicists can expect that their colleagues in other countries, in other laboratories and in
other geophysical disciplines will tend to be making increased efforts for the days and intervals marked on the
Calendar; the amount of geophysical data in existence, at the World Data Centers and elsewhere, will accord-
ingly be greater for Calendar days,

This abbreviated explanation of the International Geophysical Calendar is adapted from IQSY Manual
No. 1, World Days Program, issued 1963 by the IQSY Secretariat, 6 Cornwall Terrace, London NW 1, Great
Britain. The Manual should be consulted for full details on the Calendar and other IQSY world days such as
solar and geophysical Alerts and the Retrospective World Intervals.

2. Universal Time (U.T.) is the standard of time for all world days on the Calendar, i.e., each begins
at 0000 UT and ends at 2400 UT.

3. Regular Geophysical Days (RGD) are each Wednesday throughout the IQSY 1964-1965. This weekly
sampling schedule is particularly designed for the purposes of the meteorological program of IQSY but has also
been adopted for some other geophysical programs.

4. Regular World Days (RWD) ore three consecutive days each month, always Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday near the middle of the month. They are intended for observations, exeriments or analyses which can
or need be made for about 10% of days and which should be spaced (in groups of three days) throughout the
year.

5. Priority Regular World Days (PRWD) are one day each month — the RWD which are also a RGD
(Wednesday). They are for work which can or needs to be done only one day each month throughout the year.

6. Quarterly World Days (QWD) are one day in each quarter of the year. They are the PRWD which
fall within the World Geophysical Intervals (WGI) and are also a RGD (Wednesday). The QWD serve to co-
ordinate seasonal high-altitude rocket experiments.

7. World Geophysical Intervals (WGI) during IQSY are 14 consecutive days in each season, beginning
on the second Monday of the selected months. They always include the three RWD of the month and the QWD
for the season. Some of the WGI are considered of higher priority than others in certain programs. The WGI
are intended for intensified programs aimed at the statistics of seasonal variations or the timing of seasonal
changes. The schedule of WGI relative to the equinoxes and solstices is deliberately made different from year
to year so that in due course a WGI will cover the time of seasonal change of each of various geophysical
phenomena.

8. Solar Eclipses, whether total, annular or partial, are marked on the Calendar. Geophysical stations in
the eclipse zones treat these days as world days and undertake special programs to study eclipse effects on the
earth’s atmosphere. For maps of the eclipse zones and pertinent details, see IQSY Manual for the World Days
Program or any standard astronomical ephemeris or year-book.

9. Meteor Showers of special interest are also marked on the Calendar, including some of the important
visual showers and also unusual showers observable mainly by radio and radar techniques. Attention is called
to these days (selected by P. Millman (Ottawa)) in case ionization produced by meteors may account for un-
usual effects in other geophysical experiments.

10. “World Days” not appearing on Calendar—The occurrence of unusual solar or geophysical conditions ore announced or fore-
cost through various types of geophysical “Alerts” which are widely distributed by telegram and radio broadcast on a current schedule.
The types of olerts are: mognetic storm (in telegrams MAGSTORM), magnetic colm (MAGCALME), solor flare (SOFLARE), solar activity
(SOLACTIVITY), solar calm (SOLCALME), cosmic ray event (COSMIC EVENT), and sudden and unusuol stratospheric warmings (STRAT-
WARM). These Alerts are issued by the IQSY-IUWDS World Warning Agency or under certain circumstances by one of the solor-
geophysical Regional Warning Centers. The meteorological telecommunications network coordinated by WMO carries the world-wide
Alerts once daily soon ofter 0400 UT (os from Oct. 1963). Many geophysical stations in the various disciplines increase their programs
or carry on speciol experiments to take advontage of the special solar or geophysical conditions during the period of Alert. The IQSY
Monual for the World Days Program contains full details, including recommended scientific programs. Selections of Retrospective World
Intervals, after a delay of o few weeks or months, are also announced by the World Warning Agency. An additional service of the
Regional! Warning Centers is to notify geophysical and solar stations promptly (Ursigrams) with summary details of immediately signifi-
cant geophysical observations and of major solar events which have important and sometimes long-lasting geophysical effects. The
telegraphic addresses of the Regional Warning Centers are as follows: AGIWARN WASHINGTON (USA); DEMPA KOKUBUNJ! JAPAN);
NIZMIR_ MOSCOW (USSR);IONOSPHAERE DARMSTADT (G.F.R.) or CNETAGI] BAGNEUX (FRANCE) or AGI NEDERHORSTDENBERG
(NETHERLANDS).

11, The International Ursigram and World Days Service (}UWDS) is a permanent scientific service of the International Union of
Radio Science (URSH, with the participation of the International Astronomical Union and the International Union Geodesy and Geophysics.
The IUWDS adheres to the Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services of the International Council of Scientific Unions. The
TUWDS coordinates the international aspects of the world days program and rapid data interchange, and also publishes subsequently an
annual Calendar Recard of solar and geophysical indices and events.

~4-



International Geophysical Cooperation 1959
Final Calendar

1959 JANUARY 1959
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu Fri. Sat.

1 2Q)
@s 67 3@O@
1112 13 14 1S 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

1959 APRIL 1959
Sun, Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu Fri, Sat.
i 23 4

5 67 8 9 10 It

12 13 C)@K0) 17 18
19 20 21 2 Bm

26 27 28 29 30

1959 JULY 1959
Sun. Mon, Tue. Wed. Thu Fei. Sat.
12 3 4

§ 6 7 8 9 10 I

19 20 21 22 23 24/25
26 27 28 29 30 31

1959 OCTOBER 1989
Sun, Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu Fri. Sat.

ORO
45 67 8)
12.13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27428 29 30 31

1960 JANUARY 1960
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.

12
3456789
10/11 CCE) 15 16
17 18 19 20f21 2 2
%, 25 26 27 28 29 30

1959 FEBRUARY 1959
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wad. Thu Fri. Sat.

{23 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 It 12 13 14

15 16 DB 2 2

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1959 MAY 1959
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu Fri. Sat.
12

3456789
10 11 CCDC) 1516
17 18 19 20 21 2 2
%, 25 26 27 28 29 30

1959 AUGUST 1959
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu Fri. Sat.

234567 8
9 WG) 4 ts
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
My TM, 25 26 27 28 29

1999 NOVEMBER 1959
Sun. Mon. Tue, Wed. Thu Fri. Sat.

123 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14

5 16 DO® 2» 2

22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30

Q@ Regular World Day

1959 MARCH 1959
‘Sun. Mon. Tue, Wed. Thu Fri, Sat.

123 4 5 6 7
14

29 30 31

1989 JUNE 1959
Sun, Mon, Tue. Wed. Thu Fert Sat.

12 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 3

28 29 30

1959 SEPTEMBER 1959
Sun. Mon, Tue. Wed. Thu Fri Sat

123 4 5

6.7 8 9 10 tt 12

27 28 29 30

1959 DECEMBER 1959
‘Sun. Mon. Tue, Wed. Thu Fri. Sat.

123 4 §
est

128

13 MOO 18 19:

'20 21 122 23 24°25" 26

27 28 29 30 31

Regular World Day with highest priority
Regular World Day with unusual meteoric activity

Regular World Day with highest priority and unusual

meteoric activity

Day of total eclipse

16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25,

-6-

Regular World Interval (RWI)

World Meteorological Interval (WMI)





the corresponding years. These texts give detailed information on the
Calendar and its role in the overall coordination of solar and geophysical
observations and data flow.

The

the International Ursigram and World Days Service and has been accomplished
through the kind cooperation of World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geo-

physics.

[1] Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Pergamon Press 1957-1958

vol.
vol.
Vol.
Vol.
Vol.
vol.

{2] Ibid
Vol.

cations, pp. 11-12

publication of this collection was recommended by the Officers of

REFERENCES

III, Part I Instruction Manual for the Ionosphere, pp. 1-167

IV, Part II Instruction Manual for Aurora and Airglow, pp. 23-138
IV, Part IV Instruction Manual for Geomagnetism, pp. 207-329~

V, Part IV Instruction Manual for Solar Activity, pp. 251-301

VI, Part I Manual on Rockets and Satellites, pp. 1-508

IV, Part VII Instruction Manual for Cosmic Radiation, pp. 349-393

II, Part I Instruction Manual for World Days and Communi-



Suggested Scientific Programs for
World Days and Intervals on the Calendar

(The following material is adapted from recommendations of the CIG-IQSY Committee, IInd Assembly,
Rome, March 1963 (see IQSY Notes No. 3, 1963, issued by IQSY Secretariat) or its Reporters or spokesmen for

the various scientific disciplines.
Notes).

12, Meteorology—Particutar efforts should be made to obtain
the moximum quantity of dats on the RGD—each Wednesday, UT.
Rocket ascents and ozone- and radiation-sonde ascents should be
made on these days. Maximum altitude balloon ascents should
be made at 0000 and 1200 UT.

During WGI the following observations should be made at all
‘appropriate stations: (a) on all days: two maximum altitude balloon
soundings; (b) on Mondays ond Fridays: two maximum altitude bal-
loon soundings, one ozone sounding, one radiation sounding, one
rocket sounding; (c) on Wednesdays: at least two and preferably four
maximum altitude balloon soundings, one radiation sounding, one
‘ozone sounding, at least one and preferably two rocket soundings.
Note: where Meteorological Services ond Institutes have difficulty
in carrying out the recommended programs during all WGls, priority
should be given to the WGI in October 1964 and March 1965.
Stations which are able to carry out the recommended program dur-
ing only one WGI should choose October 1964 if in the Southern
Hemisphere and March 1965 if in the Northern Hemisphere.

13. Geomagnetism—It hos always been o leading principle
for geomagnetic observatories that operations should be as contin-
uous as possible. Thus the great majority of stations taking part
in the geomagnetic program of the IQSY will undertake the same
program without regard to the IQSY Calendar. The days marked
on the Calendar will be of interest mainly to the following two
types of geomagnetic stations: (a) stations recording quick-run micro-
pulsations (with fost chort speeds) are requested to make such
records on every RGD—each Wednesday, UT—according to the
following schedule: 1964 Jan. 1, from 0000 to 0400 UT; Jan. 8,
from 0100 to 0500 UT; Jon, 15, from 0200 to 0600 UT; etc.
The observatories ore not obliged to send their recordings to the
World Data Centers except by special request (see IQSY World
Days Manual under Retrospective World Intervals on Micropulsa-
tions). (6) Stations which, in addition to other IQSY activities, ore
equipped for making magnetic observations, but which can not carry
out such observations and reductions on a continuous schedule
‘re encouraged to carry out such work at least on RWD (and during
times of MAGSTORM Alert).

Attention is colled to the opportunity which the expected quiet
conditions of the IQSY period may provide for a profitable study of
the geomagnetic effect of solar eclipses, marked on the Calendar.

14, tonosphere—For the vertical incidence sounding program,
the summary recommendations are (a) soundings to be made ot 5-
minute intervals or less on RWDs; (b) f-plats are made for high
latitude stations and representative stations at lower latitudes for

Any supplementary recommendations will appear in future issues of IQSY

all days (i.e. including RWDs ond WGls), (¢) profile parameters he,
ac to be determined and sent to WDCs for RWDs for all stations
except those undertaking full profile programs or producing monthly
median profiles; (d) copies of ionograms for PRWDs are to be sent
to WDCs; {e) stotions in the eclipse zone should toke continuous
‘observations on solar eclipse days and special observations on adja-
cent days in accordance with detailed recommendations in the IQSY
World Days or lonosphere Manuols,

For the ionospheric drifts program, observations are made on
all RWDs, on all WGls, on every Wednesday (RGDs) and on every
Thursday (doy following each RGD). Hourly tabulations for all days
mentioned are sent to the WDCs.

For the ionospheric absorption program, diurnal hourly obser-
vations are made on all RWDs and hourly tabulations sent to
WOCs. Continuous observations on solar eclipse days, where possible,
for stations in eclipse zone.

For back-scatter and forward-scatter_ programs, observations
should be made on all RWDs at leost.

For topside sounding experiments, it is recommended to send
copies of records to WDCs for all RWDs at least.

All programs should take notice of the days of unusual meteor
shower activity in case unusual ionospheric phenomena are noted.

15, Soler Acti '—Observatories are invited to issue and send
to the WDCs of all {QSY disciplines special reports of their regulor
and any special observations on all solar eclipse days to assist in
the interpretation of geophysical observations made in the eclipse
zones.

The total solar eclipse of Moy 30, 1965 will be characterized
by long duration (about 4 minutes) on the central line. It is
recommended that comprehensive solar observations be made of
this eclipse, both optical and radio.

16, Cosmic Reys, Aeronomy—Experimenters should take into
account that observational effort in other disciplines tends to be
intensified on the doys marked on the Calendar, ond schedule balloon

‘and rocket experiments accordingly if there are no other geophysical
reasons for choice.

17. Space Research—In view of the variability of the D and
E regions of the ionosphere, it is desirable to make rocket meosure-
ments of their characteristics on the same doy at os many locations
as possible. Where feasible, experimenters should endeavor to
faunch rockets on the Quarterly World Days (QWD) since these ore
also days when there will be moximum support from ground obser-
vations.

TABLE OF WORLD DAYS MARKED ON THE CALENDAR

1964
1964 RWD PRWD QWD RGD WGI ECL. Meteors
Jon, 14,15,16 15 15 1,8, 15, 22,29 13-26 14 3-4
Feb. 18,19,20 19 — 5, 12, 19, 26 —
Mar. 17,18,19 18 — 4,11, 18, 2! - -—- =
Apr. 14,15,16 15 15 1,8, 15,22, 29 13-26 — 21.22
May 19,20,21 20 — 6, 13, 20, 27 — 45
June 16,17,18 17 —= 3, 10, 17, 24 — 10 48
July 14,15,16 15 15 1, 8,15, 22,29 13-26 9 28-30
‘Aug, 18,19,20 19 — 5, 12, 19, 26 = = 913
Sep. 22,23,24 23 — 2, 9,'16,23, 30° — — —
Oct. 20,21,22 21 21 7, 14,21,28 12-25" — 19-21
Nov. 17,18,19 18 — 4, 11, 18, 25 — = 15-17
Dec. 15,1617 16 — 2, 9,16, 23, 30 — 3-4 12-14,

1965
1965 RWD PRWD QWD RGD WGI ECL, Meteors
Jon, 12,13,14 33 13 6, 13, 20, 27 11-24 — 3
Feb, 16,17,18 17 — 3, 10, 17, 24 =_ -
Mor, 16,17,18 17 17 3, 10,17, 24,31 8-21**— —
Apr. 20,21,22 21 — 7, 14, 21, 28 — —— 21-22
Moy 18,19,20 19 — 5, 12, 19, 26 _ 30 4-5
June 15, 16,17 16 16 2,9, 16, 23,30 14-27 — 4-8
July 20,21,22 21 — 7, 14, 21, 28 — — 28-30
Aug. 17,18,19 18 — 4, 11, 18, 25 _ — 10-14
Sep. 14,15,16 15 15 1, 8,15, 22,29 13-26 — —
Oct. 19,20,21 20 — 6, 13, 20, 27 _ — 19-21
Nov. 16,17,18 17 — 3, 10, 17, 24 = 23° «(15-17
Dec, 14,15,16 15 15 1, 8, 15, 22,29 13-26 — 12-14,
22-23

** Priority WGI, particularly Northern Hemisphere

This Calendar for 1964 and 1965 has been drawn up by A. H, Shapley, Chairman, and J. V. Lincoln, Deputy Secretary, of the

JUWDS Steering Committee, in close associ
disciplines. Si
available scientific publications.

ion with the CIG-IQSY Committee and its Reporters ond spokesmen for the various scientific
lar Calendars have been issued annually beginning with the IGY, 1957-58, ond have been published in vorious widely

15



January 1958
Sun. Mon, Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.

1 2@@
567 8 91071
12 13 14 15 16 17 18

CQ 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31

April 1958

. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
12345
8 91011 12
15 16 17 G9 (09
22 23 24 25 26
29 30

Sun. Mon.

6 7
13 14

QQ 21

27 28

July 1958

Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
123.45
8 9 10 11 12
15(19Q9 18 19
22 23 24 25 26
29 30 31

Sun. Mon.

6 7
1314
20 21

@ »
October 1958

Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu, Fri. Sat.
123 4

5 6 7 8 9G9G)
G3GD 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31

January 1959
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri, Sat.

12@
@s 678
1112 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

February 1958
Sun. Mon, Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri,

$@ isis ts
GQ 11 12 13 14 15

16 57 @ 20 21 22
23 24 25

27 28
May 1958
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri.

sere.

1112: 13 14 15 16

9 20 21 22 23

25 26 27 28 29 30

August 1958
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri.

12
345 6@ 8 9
10 n@ 3@@

17 18 19 20 21 22
A 25 26 27 28 29

November 1958
Sun, Mon, Tye. Wed. Thu. Fri.

23Q5678
9 (OGD 12 13 14

16 17 (18) 19 20 21
°%, 24 25 26 27 28

Sat.

March 1958
Sun. Mon. Tue, Wed. Thu, Fri. Sat.
234567%
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16|17 18 19 @0)Q1) 22
23 24 25 26|27 (28) 29
30 31

June 1958
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri.

|. Sat,

September 1958
Sun. Mon, Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.

1234 5@
78 9 10 11 12{(13)
15 16 17 18 19 QO)
12223 24 25 26 27
28 29 30

December 1958
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri, Sat.

123 4 5 6
7 8 909Q)}1203
14 15 16 18 19 20
aif a2 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31



IUWDS International Geophysical Calendar for 1967

1967, JANUARY 1967 FEBRUARY 1967 MARCH

SoM TW T FS Ss M T WT F S
12 3&5 6 Lo 2 3
se 0A 2 B 4 5 6 7A 9 0
56 16 @ ® 2 2 2 3B @ 7 68
22 23 24 AX 26 27 28 @ 20 21 AX 23 24 25
29 30 31 26 27 28 AX 30 31
1967, APRIL 1967 JUNE

F
2 3
23 4f4\67 8 456fQK8 3
2 0 OMS ws uz @&@ 6 7
is 17 1 AX 20 2 22 18 1 2 AX 22 23 24
23 24 2 AN 27 28 2 2 26 27 AX 20 30
30
1967 JULY

1967 SEPTEMBER
SoM T WT F S

23 44067 8

SoM T WT F S§

34 5447 8 8
on eA 46 5 6
7 8 OM @® zw
24 25 26 AX 28 29 30

u B 4 15
16 17 & @ 2 2
23 24 25 AN 27 28 29

1967, OCTOBER 1967, NOVEMBER ‘1967 DECEMBER
Ss M T Ww T F $s s M T Ww T F s s MoT wT F Ss
i} 2 3 aN 5 6 7 1 2
e 9 04 e B 3 4 5 fV 7 8 9
6 6 @M @ 2 a 0 1 @A@ ss
22 23 24 26 27 28 7 i 19 AX 21 22 23
29 30 31 24 25 26 AX 28 29 30
31
@ Regular World Day (RWD) D> auorterty World Day (QWD)
TB) doy of Sotar Eclipse clso a PRWD ond RGD
‘B. Day with unusual meteor ® Priority Regular World Doy
shower activity (PRWD)
1314 World Geophysico! Interval ZA regular Geophysical Doy q
(wel) {RGO)
TABLE OF WORLD DAYS MARKED ON THE CALENDAR
967 RWD PRWD  QWD RGD WGt ECL. METEORS
Jon 17, 18, 19 18 =_ 4, 1h, 18, 25 _ - 3-4
Feb 14,15, 16 1S, TS, 22 13260 _
Mor 14, 15, 16S, BS, 2, - =- =
Aor M113 12S, 12, 18, 28 - - 2»
Moy 9, 10, Wt 10 10 3, 10, 17, 24 31 821 9 46
june 13, 14, Se, M,N, 28 - = 610
July 18,19, 20S, 1,19, 26 — = 880
A
Sep 19, 20, 21 20 ~ 6 13, 20, 27 _ _ ~
Oct 7,18, 19 1B, 18, 2S. — = 2021
Nov 14, 15, 16 1s Ss 1, 8 15, 22, 29 13-26 2 1617
Dec. 12, 13, 14 3 - 6, 13, 20, 27 _ _ 1214

22.23



WORLD DATA CENTER A

Upper Atmosphere Geophysics

REPORT UAG-6

INTERNATIONAL
GEOPHYSICAL CALENDARS

1957-1969
Wy
©
Zi

March 1969



International Geophysical Calendar 1961

1, Purpose. — The International Geophysical Catendar 1961 designates selected days and intervals for special attention
fur geophysical experiments and analysis and is thus a framework for world-wide coordination. It serves mainly the branches
of geophysics dealing with the earth’s atmosphere in which many phenomena vary significantly during the course of a year.
In some experiments, such as the routine recording of variations of the earth’s magnetic field, the observing and analysis
programs at observatories are normally carried out at a uniform level throughout the year; in these cases the Calendar
is not needed. However, in many other experiments (for example, rocket experiments), it is not practical or meaningful
to carry out the same program on each and every day, Here the Calendar can provide a useful mechanism for coordi-
nation : experimenters will know that their colleagues in other countries, in other laboratories and in other disciplines will
tend to also carry out experiments on the days or intervals marked on the Calendar. In this way, results of experiments
may later be more easily and usefully compared.

In some scientific fields, international scientific organizations have made specific recommendations for programs to
be done on days or intervals marked on the Calendar. In others, the arrangements are informal or self-evident. Some
examples are given below. .

2. Regular World Days (R.W.D.) are intended for observations or analyses or special experiments which as a practical
matter can be done for only about 10% of days and should be spaced throughout the year. Examplesin Ionospheric
Physics are : oblique incidence pulse transmission and reception; absorption measurement by pulse reflection technique ;
extended observing schedule for whistlers and V.L.F. emissions ; vertical sounding ionograms by f-plot, h’-plot, ete. ; hourly
reduction from ionograms of F-region truc height parameters «he» and « gc».

The R.W.D. with highest priority are for similar work which can be undertaken for only one day each month. A
specific example is the program recommended by U.B.S.I. for exchange of copies of original ionograms in ionospheric vertical
sounding work.

3, Regular World Intervals (R.W.I.) arc intended for experiments which for practical reasons cannot be carried on
continuously, but for which statistics of seasonal variations are especially needed. Tonospheric drift and high atmosphere
wind measurements are two examples. Schedules for interchange of sample detailed data in several disciplines have made
use of the R.W.I. A combination of the R.W.I. and R.W.D. provides a sampling of variations throughout the year but
with improved statistics at the equinoxes and solstices,

4, World Meteorological Intervals (W. M. I.) are intended to cover the times of marked seasonal change in certain uppet
air meteorological phenomena which tend to come about a month after the equinoxes and solstices, The W.M.I. are
periods designated by COSPAR for carrying out synoptic meteorological rocket programs, with launchings at a network
of stations up to 50 kilometers or more, at least once daily during the 10-days intervals. The W.M.I. have also been used
during and since the 1.G.Y. for balloon sounding programs either with special instruments or launchings to unusually high
balloon altitudes.

5, International Rocket Week (I,R.W.), selected by COSPAR, provide two periods during the year for special emphasis
of scientific studies hy means of rockets. The first ILR.W. includes the time of the February 15 solar eclipse and is intended.
for study of solar effects on the atmosphere, The second I.R.W. was selected for study of (northern hemisphere) summer
atmospheric structure, Appropriate associated data from nearby ground geophysical stations will be especially useful
during LR.W.

6. Other Special Days marked on the Calendar include the days of the two 1961 solar eclipses when special programs
may be expected to be carried out in appropriate parts of the world to study eclipse effects on the carth’s atmosphere. Iono-
spheric stations customarily increase their observing programs even if the magnitude of eclipse at their location is small.
Many solar activity observatories take extra observations and issue specially detailed reports to assist the interpretation
of the geophysical efforts. Also shown are days when meteor shower activity is unusually high. Geophysicists using
meteor techniques often enhance their observing programs on these days. Attention is also called to these days in case
ionization produced by meteors may account for unusual effects in other geophysical experiments.

7. Special Intervals not appearing on Calendar. — Periods of great magnetic, auroral and ionospheric disturbance are also of great
geophysical interest. World-wide coordination of observation is especially useful for stations not near the auroral zones places where the
beginning of a major disturbance may not be immediately apparent from local observations. Notices of Geophysical Alerts and Special
World Intervals (SWI) are distributed by telegram or radio. broadcast on-a current basis by the solar-geophyetcal Regional Warning
Centers, whose telegraphic addresses are as follows : AGIWARN WASHINGTON (U.S. A.); AGI KOKUBUNJI (Japan); NIZMIR
MOSCOW (U.S.S.R.); IONOSPHARE DARMSTADT (G.F.R.) or GENTELABO PARIS (France) or A.G.I. NEDERHORSTEN-
BERG (Netherlands). ‘The meteorological telecommunications network coordinated by W.M.O. carried such information once daily
soon after 1600 U.T. Many geophysical stations increase their programs or carry on special experiments during disturbed periods, Prompt
notification of major solar flare events which have important and sometimes long lasting geophysical effects are also undertaken through
the Regional Warning Centers.

8. The International World Day Service (1.1F.D.S. estublished in 1958 by the International Council of Scientific Unions(I.C.S.U.)
and is administered by the International Scientific Radio Union (U.R.S.L), 7, Place Emile Danco, Brussels 18, Belgium. This Calendar
has been drawn up by A. H. Shapley and J. V. Lincoln in consultation with interested 1.C.S.U. unions and comunittees and representatives
of the W.M.O. A fuller description of the Calendar is appearing in the U.R.S.1. Information Bulletin and various widely available scien-
tific publications,



U.R.S. 1.

International Geophysical Calendar 1960

Issued October 1959 by the International World Day Service under the auspices of the International Council

1980 JANUARY 1960
SMTéW TFS

18 19 20 [21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
3

1960 APRIL 1960
SMTW T FS

12
394 5 6 7 8 9
14 12 138 #14 «16 «16

17 18 @)G) 2 2

24°25 26 27 28 29 30

1980 JULY 1960
SMTWTES

12
3 9
to 14 OBO « 18 16
7 19 20 21 22 23

Mons mb a me a 90

1990 OCTOBER — 1960
sMTW TFS

1
2 3 4 5 67 8
8 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 GC) a 2

23 24 25 26 27 2B 29

it JANUARY — ice
SM TW TES

1 2 38 4 & 6 7
8 9 10 1 «12 «13 «14
15 18 @) G8) 2 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
2 30 3

of Scientifio Unions

1960 FEBRUARY — to60 1960 MARCH 1960
SMTW TFS sMTW TFS
1 2 3 4 5 6 412 3 4 5
7 9 to 1 12 13 9 10 tf 12
1415 : @O® 19 20 13 14 Hololo 18
2 22 23 2% 2 2% 27 20 2t 2 23 24[25 26
2B 20 28 29 30 3f
1060 MAY 1960 1960 JUNE 1960
SM TW TFS SM TW * FS
12 3 4 & 67 1203 4
8 9 0 Mt 13°14 5 6 89 10 Ht
15 16 oleic) 20 2 12 13 OloiO) 17
2 25 26 27 28 79 20 21 22 23 |24 26
29 30 3t 26 27 28 29 30
1x00 AUGUST 1960 1980 SEPTEMBER 1960
SM TW TFS SM TW TES
5 6 1203

a) 2 3 4
7 § @O®ex
14°15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 3

25 26 27 28 29 30

1990 NOVEMBER  1g60
Ss MTW T FS

123 4 8
6 7 8 9 0 1 f2 ose 7
18 4 @®C)@ t 19

2 21 22 23 24 25 26 E010)
27 28 29 30

1900 DECEMBER — isso
SMTW TFS

a

12 Ww
19 20 21 22 fos 24
2 26 27 28 29 30 3t

@) Regutar World Day
Regular World Day with highest priority
at Day with unusual meteoric activity

Day of solar eclipse

17 18 19 20 21) Regular World Interval (RWI) combined with
22 23 24 25 26 World Meteorological Interval (WMI)

Notes * January 11 to 20 ts WMI only,

Pk September 16 to 22 is Provisional International Rocket Week, dates to be
confirmed by Co SPA\



Final Calendar of Regular World Days (RWD)
and World Meteorological Intervals (W M1)

during the

International Geophysical Year 1957-1958

(Aired by CSAGI, September 1956 and edited *”)
GSAG] SEGRETARIAT - 3, AVENUE CIRCULAIRE, UCCLE-BELGIUM

World Meteorological Interval 20 21 22
23°24 25 26 27 28 29

Regular world doy 1)

Regular world day at new moon (19)

Unusual meteoric activity_8 (but not world day)
Regular world day with unusual meteoric activityQZ)
Day of total eclipse{i2]

July 1957 August 1957

Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri, Sat. Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.

123@5 6 12

7 8 910111213 4567 8 9
1415 16 17 18 19 20 11 @2) 13 14 15 16

21 22 23 24 25 @6)G@) 18 19 20 21 22 23
28 29 30 31 @) Qe) 27 28 29 30
October 1957 November 1957

Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri.

12345 1
678901112 34567 8
13 14 15 16 17 18:19 10 11:12:13) 15

20 21 (@9(29@) 25 26 17 18 19 20G)@D

27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29

3
10
7
24
31

Sat.

2
9
16
23
30

June 1957 (Advance Trial)
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
1

2345 67 &

210 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19}20 21 22
23 24 25 26 (27) 28) @9)
30

September 1957
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri, Sat.

@234567

8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15_16 17)18 19 20 21)

22 23 (24) 25 26 27| 28

December 1957
Sun. Mon, Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
123 4 5 67
8 9 10 W412
159 17 18 19 20@D
2 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31



IUWDS International Geophysical Calendar for 1966

EXPLANATIONS

1, Purpose. The lnternotionsl Geophysical Colendar designates
doys end intervals selected for special attention for geophysical
observations, experiments, dato interchange or onalyses. itis
thus © framework for worldwide ond interdisciplinory ‘coordination
in those programs where it is not precticol or meaningful to carry
out the same work for ecch and every day. The Calendar serves
mainly the branches of geophysics deching with the eorth’s ot
mosphere. A principal use is for the coordination of the sompting
Of the many phenomena which vary significently during the course
of a year. The Calendar is prepared by the International Ursigram
‘and Warld Days Service {IUWDS) with the advice of the IQSY Reporters
for spokesmen for the various scientific disciplines, especially for
the suggested scientific programs recommended 1o'be carried out
for the days or intervals morked on the Calendar (see poragraphs
TH to 16 below), in addition it is common practice for individual
geophysical stotions er groups of stotions to arrange some of their
plons of observations according to the Colendar. Thus geophysicists
Ean expect that their colleagues in other countries, in other labora-
tories ond in other geophysical disciplines will tend to be, moking
increased efforts for the days end intervals marked on the Calendar:
the amount of geophysical data in existence, af the World Dote
Centers and elsewhere, will accordingly be ‘greater for Calendar
doys.

2. Universol Time (UT) is the stondord of time for oll
world days on the Calender, 12, each begins at 0000 UT ond
ends et 2400 UT,

3. Regulor Geophysical Deys (RGD) ore cach Wednesday
throughout the year. This weekly sompling schedule is particularly
designed for the purposes of the meteorological program but hos
‘also been adopted for some other geophysical programs.

Regulor World Days (RWD) are three consecutive doys
eoch month, alwoys Tuesday, Wednesdoy, Thursday near the middie
of the month, They are intended for observations, experiments oF
enalyies which can or need be mode for about 10% of days and
which should be spaced {in groups of three doys) throughout the
year.

5, Priority Regular World Days (PRWD) ore one doy cach

month—-the RWD which ore also a RGD (Wednesday). They ore

for work which con or needs to be done only one day each month
Ahrouphout the year

. Quarterly Werld Days {QWD) are one doy in each quorter

‘are the PRWD which fall within the World

Intervals (WGI) and ore also a RGD. (Wednesday).

serve to coordinate seasonal high-altitude rocket ex-

of the year. They
Geophysical
The QWO
peviments

7. Werld Geophysical Intervals (WGI) during 1966 ore fourteen
consecutive days in each. season, beginning en tho second Mondoy
Of the selected months. They always include the three RWO of the
month and the QWO for the sceson. The WGI are intended for
Intensified progrems oimed ot the statistics of seasonal variations or
the timing ‘of seasonal chonges. ‘The schedule of WGI relative to
the equinexes ond slstices is deliberately mode different from
yeor 10 yeor so that in due course @ WGI will cover the time of
Jeotonal change of each of various geophysical phenomena;, vario
Hons from this principle will sometimes be mode in order to include
a solar eclipse ‘within o WGI

8, Solar Eclipses are Moy 20 tonnuler) with central line ex:
tending from North Africa to Central Asia, and November 12
otal) with centcal line extending {rom the equotor west of South
‘Amecica, 10-6 point south of South Africa. Geophysical stations
tm the celipse zones treot these days os world days and undortake
special programs to study eclipse effects on the earth's otmosphere,
For mops of the eclipse zones and pertinent details see ony standard
astronomicol ephemeris or yearbook

jeteor Showers of special interest ore olso marked on the

Colender, sncluding some of the importont visual showers and. cleo
unusual showers observable mainly by radio end radar techniques,
Attention #5 colled to these days (selected by P. Millman, Ottawa) in
case ionization produced by meteors may account for unusuol effects
in other geophysical experiments. in 1966 the Leonid meteor
shower, Nov. 16-17, may be stroager thon’ in the last 25. years

Although the Leanids gove spectacular displays in 1833. and
1866-67, plonetory perturbations prevented a repeat of these
disploys in 1900 and 1933.

10. "World Days” not appearing an Calendar. The occurrence

of unusual solar or geophysical conditions ore announced or forecast
through various types of geophysical “Alerts which are widely
distributed by telegram and radia broadcast on a curcent schedule.
‘The types of Alerts are: mognetic storm (in telegrams MAGSTORM},
magnetic colm (MAGCALME), solor flare (SOFLARE). salar ectwity
ISOLACTIVITY), cosme ray event (COSMIC EVENT), ond_sud~
den ond unusval stratospheric wormings STRATWARM)., These
‘Alerts are issued by the IUWDS World Warning Agency or under
Certain circumstances by one of the solor-gcophysical Regional
Worning Centers, The meteorological telecommunicalions network
coordinared by WMO carries the worldwide Alerts once daily
Soon ofter 0400 UT. Many geophysical stations in the various
Uisciplines inercose their programs or carry on special experiments
to take advantage of the special solar or gcophysical condi.
tions during. the. period of Alert. Selections of Retrospective
World Intervats, after a delay of a few months, ore olso announced
by the World Warning Agency. An additional service of the Regional
Warning Centers is t0 natily geophysical and solar stotions promptly
(WUrsigeams) with summory detoils of immediately significant gco-
physicol observations and of major solar events which have importont
Srd_ sometimes long-losting geophysical effects, The telegraphic
fOddresses of the Regional Warning Centers are as follows: AGIWARN
WASHINGTON (USA), DEMPA TOKYO JAPAN), NIZMIR-MOSCOW
(USSR); IONOSPHAERE DARMSTADT (GFR? or CNETAGI BAGNEUX
(FRANCE) or AGI NEOERHORSTDENBERG (NETHERLANDS). As-
sociate RWC operate in some other localities
The Internet

Science (URSH,
TUWDS odheres to the Federation of Astronomical and Geophy

RECOMMENDED SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS
‘OPERATIONAL EDITION

(The following material wes reviewed in 1965 by scientific
working groups of the Ill Assembly of the IQSY Committee and the
Bh Mecting of COSPAR as suitable for coordinated geophysical
programs in 1966.)

11, Meteorology. Particulor efforts should be made to carry out
fn intensified programme on the RGD—eoch Wednesday, UT, A
desirable guol would be the scheduling of meteorological rocket-
Ssondes, ozone sondes and radiometer sondes on these days, together
with moximum-altitude rawinscnde ascents at both 0000. and
1200 UT.

During WGI, ond STRATWARM olert intervals, intensified
programmes ore olso desirable, preferobly by the implementation of
RGD-type programmes {sce above) on Mondays ond Fridays, os well
es on Wednesdays.

12, Geomagnetism. It hos always been a leading pri iole for
geomagnatic observatories that operations should be o: contir uous
25 possible, Thus the great majority of stations takin; part in
the geomagnetic program will undertake the seme progratu without
regard to the Calendar, The doys morked on the Colendar will be
‘of interest moinly to the following two types of geomagnetic st
tions: (0) Stations recording quick-run micropulsations. (with fast
chart speeds) are requested to make such records on every RGI
eoch Wednesday, UT—according to the following schedule; 1966
Jan. 5 from 1400 to 1800 UT: Jon. 12 from 1500 to 1900 UT;
Jon. 19 from 1600 10 2000 UT; ete. The observatories are not
obliged to send their recordings to the World Data Centers except
by special request (see IQSY World Boys Monual under Retrospective

als on Micropulsaticn:). (b} Stations which, in addition
iwities, are equipped for making magnetic observations.
but which con not carry out such observations and reductions on
@ continuous schedule are encouraged to carry out such work at
Teast on RWD fond during times of MAGSTORM Alert)

13. lonesphere, For the vertical incidence sounding progrom,
the summery recommendations are: (a} soundings to bs made ot
five minute intervals or less on RWDs for stations normolly making
observations every quarter hour or at more frequent intervals; all
stations ore recommended 10 make at least quarter hourly observa
tions on RWDs; (b) plots ore mode for high latitude stations and
representative stotions at lower latitudes for cli days (t.c., including
RWDs ond WGls); (c) profile porameters he, qe or recommended
similar parameters to be determined and sent to WDCs for RWDs
for all Stotions excent those undertaking full profile programs or
producing monthly medion profiles; (d} copies of hourly ionograms
‘with oppropriate scoles for PRWDs are 10 be sent to WDCs; (e) sto-
tions in the eclipse zone should take continuous observations on solar
eclipse days ond special observations on adjacent days in accordance
with detailed recammendations in Ionosphere Manuals. Continuous
records of ionospheric perometers ore eccepteble in place of f-plots
et temperate ond low latitude stotions.

For the ionospheric drifts program, observations are made ot
feast on all RWDs, on all WGls, on every Wednesday (RGDs} and
fon every Thursday (day following each RGDI. Hourly tabulations
Yor all days mentioned are sent to the WOCs. It is essentiol thot sutfi-
cient observations be made to provide represontetive values of the
divenol variations. Hourly tobulations for this pursose should clso be
sent to WDC:

For the ionasoheric obsorotion proarem, diumal hourly observo-
tions are made at least on off RWDs and hourly tabulotions sent to
WDC. Continuous observations on solar eclipse days, where possible,
for sietions in eclipse zone. Special efforts should be made to abtain
edditional obsorption measurements at temperate latitude stations
‘during the period of Absorption Winter Anomaly, porticulariy on
days of abnormally high or abnormeliy low absorption lopproxi-
mately November-Morch, Northern Hemisphere; May-September,
Southern Hemisphere)

For bock-scatter and forward-scatter programs, observations
should be made on all RWDs ot least.

For topside sounding exp aiments, it is recommended to send
copies of records 10 WOCs for all RWDs at least,

1 is recommended thet more intensive observations in oll pro-
grammes be considered on days of unusuat meteor activity, (See
paragraph 9 above on the Leonid shower, Nov. 16-17.)

14, Solar Activity. Obsecvotaries are invited to issue ond send
to the WDCs of oll disciplines special reports of their regulor ond
ony speciol observations on ail sok se doys to ossist in the
interpretation of geophysical observations made in the eclipse zones.
The total eclipse of November 12, 1966, although of relatively short
durotion, is of some special interest for astronomers and geo-
physicists since the path lies in low geomagnetic lotitudes ond neor
several long-established geophysical observatories,

Cosmic Rays, Acronomy. Experimenters should take into
‘occount that observational effert in other disciplines tends to be in-
tensified on the days marked on the Colendar, and schedule belloon
and rocket experiments accordingly if there are no other geophysical
reasons for choice

16. Space Research. In view of the variobility of the D and &
regions of the ionosphere, it is dasicable to make rocket mecsure-
ments of their characteristics on the same doy at os many locations
as possible, Where feasible, experimenters should endeavor 10
Tounch rockets on the Quarterly World Days (QWD) since these
ae also. days when there will be moximum support trem ground

vations,

ional Ursigram and World Doys Service IUWDS) is @ permanent scientific service of the Internationa! Union of Radio
‘with the participation of the International Astronomicel Unien and the Internationel Union  G

seodesy ond Geophysics.

physical Services of the Intermationel Council of Scientific Unions, The
TOWDS Coordinates the intemotienal espects of the world ‘days progrem ond ropid dota interchange, and olso publishes subsequently
‘an annuol Calendar Record of soles end geophysical indices and. events

This Calendar fe 1966 has been drawn up by A, H. Shapley, Choirman, end J. V. Lincoln, Deputy Secretary, of the IUWDS
Stegring Committee, in close association with the CIG Committee “and the Reporters ond spakesmen for the various IQSY scientific
disziplines ond COSPAR, Similar Colendors have been issued onnually beginning with the IGY, 1957-58, ond have been published in various

widely available scientific publications,

18 -



IUWDS International Geophysical Calendar for 1969

EXPLANATIONS.

1, Purpose, The International Geophysical Colendar designates days ond
intervals selected for special ottention for geophysical observations, experts
ments, dora interchange or enciyses. It is thus @. (romework Tor word.
Tice interdsciplingry coordination in thote programs where fis Ae! prod
fal or meaninglul Yo carey ul the ‘some work for each ond every doy
‘The Calendar serves mony the branches of geophysics dealing with the orth’:
Olmosphere A prinepal use for the eootdination of the sompling Of the
fpeny phenomeso which vary significantly durseg the course of yeor, The
Calendar ts prepared by the’ Iatemotional Uruigrom ond Word ays Sevice
THUWDS) wih the ‘cdvice of ‘spoxesmen for various scientific disciplines
Tt is common practice for indwidual geophysical stations. or groups of
Sfottons to rronge. some of their plans far sbservations. according te. the
Eitendar:” Thus “geophysicuts can “expect thot their colleagues. nother
Countries, in other laberatonies and in ether geophysical disciplines will tend
fo be making mereased efforts for the days ond intervals. mocked on. the
Gotendr, the moun sf geoohyazal dja in exatence atthe Wort Date
Genter: and elsewhere, will aceardingly be greater tor Calendar doy

Universal Time (UT) is the stondord Of time for oil world days on the
Colendor, 1e~ eoch begins of 0000 UT end endi of 2400 UT.

‘Se "Reauiar Geophysical Days (RGD) are each Wednesday throughout the
year, This weekly sempling schedule 1 porticviorly designed Tor the purposes
ete ieteorotgisl pogrom but hot oho Been eiopted for some ser
opty sical progres
sry Regula? Werld Doys (RWD) ore three consecutive days cach month,
olwoys Tusndoy, Wednesday, Thursdsy meer the mide of the. momth. They
tre Wetended 167 observouioss, experiments cr anclyses which con er necd Be

rade for about 10% of days and which should be spaced fin groups of thee
days} throughout the yeor

5, Pririty Regular World Deys (PRWD) ore one day each monh—the
RWD which are olso @ RGD (Wednesday). They ore for work which can oF
needs to be done only ane day each month throughout the year

“s.°Querteriy World. Boye (QWDI ore one day in cach’ quarter of the
year, They ore the PRWD which fall within the World Geophysical Intervals

i) and ore olga a RGD (Wednesday). The QWD serve to coordinate Seoxonel
high-altitude racket experiments

7. World Geophysicel Intervals (WG! during 1969 are fourteen con.
secutive Goys in coon feoson, Wegrening on the second Monday of the selected
Menthe, They chwoye include the thres RWO of the month and the QWO for
The aesson ‘The WGI are. intended far intenailed programs olmed of the
Sotisties of seesonol vorictions or the ‘Timing of ‘scotanal changes. The
schedule of W6l relative to ihe equinoxes and sastces fs usually mode diferent
fom year to. yeor, thus the WG! have been shifted two months tater than
those of 1968,

Solar Eclipses ore March 18 (annul) ebservable Indion Ocean teom
near Attica to north of Australia into Pacific Ocean, ond Sept
Meise eiservgbie Norh Pacthe Ocean touthosst To cous! of Peru ond ends
in'Bolivia, Geophysical stotions inthe eclipse. zones ond their conjugate
trees treat these doys os world days ond underteke special progroms to. study
cipal onthe cats armaohere Far mopy ofthe extn Zone ord

iment details see ony standard Gstronomical phemeris 9” Yeo
Pertigm Metcar Showers of special interest are olso marked on’ the Calender,
including some of the important visual showers ond ko unsual showers cb:
ervable’moinly by radio and rader techniques. The dates ore coded 10
SAaicote whether the shower is sbservable in the northern or the southern
hemisphere Attenion iy called to these ‘doys (selected by P.M. Milman,
Girawal in. cose lovteation produced by meteors may eecount for unusual
teffects in other geophysical experiments
Woda et apeering on Calendar, The acarance of unui

selor or geophysical conditions eve antounced or forecast through various types
Gi aeophysical Also whic ore dey dred by telegram ond roo
Srosdeatt onva current schedule, The types of ‘Alerts are: magnetic storm fin
Telegroms MAGSTORM), solor ctivty (SOFLARE, PROTONFLARE or SOFCARE
FLARES), ond comic roy event, (COSMIC EVENT). Sudden ond. unosuat
Htotospherle wormage (STRATWARM) ore ‘olio designated, These Alerts
Gre mnued bythe JUWDS World Worning Ageney or under certain circum:
Stoncet by ane of the. solor-geophysical_ Regional Warning Centers The
Rreteralopiel telecommunicetions network coordinated by WMO cornice these
orldwide Aletis once deily soon otter 0400 UT. Meny geophysical stotions
Inthe various disciplines inereate their programs or carry on specie! experi=
iments to take advantage of the special solor or geophysical conditions. during
the period of Alert. Selections of Retrospective tervals ore later cre
nounced in suitable publications An additions! service af the Regional Warn-
tng Centers tte nelity geaphysicel ane selor sations promptly (Ursigrems) with
Sbamary detals of muneciarely significant geophysical observations and of
‘major solar events which hove. importent ond, sometimes. long-lsting "920+
Dayo alleen the felegrepve, azrtis at the Regonal Warning Cortes
Bidar follows: SOLTERWARN BOULOER (USA), DEMPA TORYO APANI,
F MOSCOW (USSR), IONOSPHAERE DARMSTADT (GFR) or CNETAGI
MEUDON (FRANCE). 1PS0 SYDNEY (AUSTRALIA). Associate RWC operate
in some other localities,

RECOMMENDED SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS
OPERATIONAL EDITION

{The following moterial wes reviewed in 1968 by spokesmen of
JUCSTP for the various scientihie disciplines os suitable for coordinated
‘geophysical programs in 1969, end ct the Lith Meeting of COSPAR.)

TI. Meteorelogy. Porticulor efforls should be made to carry out on
intensified program on the RGD-—coch Wednesday, UT. A desirable goal
would be the scheduling of meteorological rocketsondes, ozone sondes ‘and
rediometer sendes on these days, together with maximum-oltitude rawinsonde
‘escents at both 0000 and 1200 UT.

ff solor end geephysical indices and events

‘The International Ursigeam and World Doys Service (IUWDS) is  permonent scientific service of the laternotianal Union of Roi
(URS), “with the porticipation of the International Astronomical Union and the international Union

to the Fedecotion of Astronamical and Geophysical Services af the International Council of Scientific Unions. The IUWOS,
Ieternotional aspects of the world days program and ropid data snterchange, and also publishes subsequently Abbreviated Colen:

During WGI ond STRATWARM Alert intervols, intensified programs
ere algo desireble, preferably by the implementation of RGD-type programs
{Gee Gbovel on Mondays and Fridays, af. well oF on Wednesdoys

‘Atmospheric Electricity. Noticontinuous measurements ond dala reduc-
ton for Continuous meazuremens of olmaspere elec corrant dena, te,
Conductivities, space charges, ion number densihes, sonosphere. potently,
Heres, ELE,” condentotion  wucter, ele; both ot ground cs well oF wilh
fodiosendes, avrcraft, rockets, should be done with west priority on the RGD
teach Wednesday, beginning on I _Januory 1969 ot 0000 Ut, 8 Jonvory ot
0600 UT, 18 Jenuory ot 1200 UT, 22 Jonuary ot 1800 UT,'29 Jonvory ot
0900 UT; ete, tbegieming hour shilts si hours each weck, but + always on @
Wednesday.) "Minimum program 8 ot the some time on PRWD. beginning
with 15 January 1969 ot 1200 UT” Data reduction tor continuous measure:
Inents should be entended, i possible, 10 cover” of least the. full RGD
including, ie. oddition, ot east 6 hours pot to. inéicoted beginning time

12: Geomagnetiim. It has always been a leading principle for geome
netic observatories thot operations, thovld be as continuous as possible ord
the great mojerity ot stations undertake the sorne program without regord
tothe Colendor.” Special efforis recommended. are. tal Stations, recording
‘Quicksrun micropulzetions (with fast chart speeds) ave osked to make such

D--eoch Wednesday, UT according to the following
Schedule: 1969 Jon. trom 0700 to. 1100, Jon. 8 from 0800 to 1200;
Jen. 15 from 0900 to 1300; ete "The observatories are not sbliged 12
duplicate there recordings for the World Dato Centers except by. special
fequest tee 1OS¥ World. Days Monuol under Retrospective World Intervals
an Micropulsotions).{b) Stations equipped far making magnetic observations,
but which con not carry out such ebservetions ond reductions on a. continu:
ous schedule ore encouroged to cory out such work at least on RWD fond
during times of MAGSTORM Alert!

13. lonosphere. Fer the vertical incidence sounding program, the sum-
mary recommendations are: fol soundings to be made at five minute mtervals
on RWDs for stations ‘ermally making observetions every quarter nour
all ether stotions are recommended to meke ot least quarter hourly. obser-
Notions on RWDs, Ib) Teplols ore made for high lotitede. stolons ‘ond. for
the sovcalled “eepresentativeTM stotions at lower latitudes for all days (ue
{ecluding RWDs ond WGls) (Continuous records of ionosphere parometers
fre acceptable in ploce of f-plors at temperate. ond ow lotwudesteniors),
(© profile parameters he, ce. or recommended smile” parameters 10. be
determined Gnd sent to WOCs for RWDs for all stations excep! those under
taking full profile. programs or preducing tanihly medion profiles; td
copies_of hourly sonegrams with appropriate scales. for RWD3 ore to be
Sent te WDCx, fe) stotions in the cchpte zone and ils conjugete oreo should
take continuous observations on solar eclipse days ond special observations
on adjocent days

For the ionaspheric defls program, observations are made at least on ail

variations. Hourly tabuletions for ell days mentioned are sent to the WOCs

For ihe ionasghenc obyopien proprom, hourly ebservations ore made
ot least on all RWDs and hourly tobulotians sent to WDCs, Observations
should be continuous on setor eclipse days for stations in eclipse zone ond its
conjugate area. Special efforts should be made to obtain odditional absorp
lion measurements at temperate latitude stations during the period of
Absorption Winter Anomaly, particularly en days of abnormally high or
‘abnormally low cbsorplion lopproximotely November- March, Northern Hemi-
sphere; May-September, Southern Hemisphere)

f bock-scotter and formard-scatter programs, observetions should be
‘mode end enived on oll RWDs of last
ELF Tnosse massurementsinvelving, the, earthionosehere cavity
resonances ony Specel afer should be concentrated Gunna the

iris recommended thot fore inensie obtetationt, molt programs, be
considered on days of unusual meteor wctivity.

14. Solar Activity. Observatories making specialized studies of solar
phenomena, particulary using ew or complex techniques, ‘such thet con:
Unuous observation oF reporting s improcticol, ore requested to moke special
efforts to provide to WOCs dato for solar eclipse days, RWDs, and during
SOFLARE PROTON FLARE Aletts. The attention of those cecording. solor
noise spectea, solar magnetic fields ond doing specioleed optical studies is
porticularly drawn 10 this. recommendation.

15, Cosmic Roys, Aetonomy. Exporimenters should toke into, occount
thot observatione! effort in other disciplines tends to be intensified on the
days marked on the Calendar, and schedule balloon ond rocket experiments
accordingly if there are no other geaphysice! reasons for choice

Spoce Research. It is desirable to. make rocket measurements of
ionospheric: characteristics on the samo doy at as many locctions as possible
Where feasible, experimenters should endeavor to launch razkets on the

uarterly Werld Days (QWD) or on RWDs, since these ore lio doys when
there ‘will be maximum support from ground observations

17. Special Equatorial Interval. The period Morch 7 10 April 4, 1969
hhos been designcted os 0 "Special Equateriol Interval"! to study ionospheric

tions during an equinox near the etussing point of the magnetic dip ond
the geogrephic equators. Major participants will be the German research
ship "Meteoe” of the crossing point ond the German research ship “Plonet””
Participation is invited by established stotiens within the equatoriel belt,
porticularly those in regions where there 1s 0 large latitude difference be:
tween the geogrephic equotors and the line of zero magnetic dip. lonosphere
siohons, ‘should increase thew “reayeney of cbservalons, of Gossble, ond
rocket lounches should be scheduled dung this peried by preference. (In-
formation supplied (_W. Dieminger, Max: Plonck-Institut (Ge Aeronomi
3411 Lindau uber Noztheim, German Federal Republic?

Science
yy and Geophysics. IUWDS adheres
coordinates the

Records

This Colendar for 1969 hos been drown up by A. H- Shapley, Chairman, and J. V. Lincoln, Deputy Secretary, of the IUWDS Steering

Committee, in close cngciation with the IUCSTP Commission ond
COSPAR Similar Colendars hove been issued annually beginaing with the IGY, 1957:58, ond have been published in van

‘evoilable scientilie publications

the Reporters ond spskesmen for the vanous scientific disciplines and

ye widely

Published for the international Council of Scientific Unions with the financial assistance of Unesco {Unesco subvention~ 1968.0C/2.1 414 261





International Geophysical Calendar 1962

Issued October 1961 by the International World Day Service under the auspices of U.R. S.l.

1962 JANUARY 1962
soM TW T F S
1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 |@8) GD (8_19_20
2122 23 24 =25{ 26 27

28 29 30 31

1962 APRIL 1962
SoM T WT FS
123 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
fie @M ® ©
22 23 24 25[26 27 28
29 30

SE

1962 JULY 1962
SoM T W T F s
2 3 4 5 6 7

9 10 © 1213 14

22 23 24 ¥ 26 27 «28

29 30
1962 OCTOBER 1962

SoM TW TF S

1 23 4 5 6

9 10 11 12 ~=#213

14 '5 @ W@ @®_12 20

21 22 23 24 25) 26 27
3 29 30 31

1963 JANUARY
so oMT WT F S

1 2 3 4 °5
6 7 8 9 10 Wt 12
13,14 15/16 17 3
20 21

1962 FEBRUARY 1962
Ss M T W T F s
1 2 3

73] 6 7 8 9% 10
no12@H® 6 17

18 #19 20 21 22 23 24
25° 26 27 28

1962 MAY 1962
S M T W T F $s

123 4 5

6 12

7 8 9 10 1
3 14 © © @ 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
1962 AUGUST 1962
S M T W T F s
: 23 4
5 9 OW
a2 8 ® ©) @ 17 18
19 21 22 23 24 25
26 28 29 30 31
1962 NOVEMBER 1962
soM T WT FS
123

5 6 7 8 9 10

4
no12@O®® i 7

18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30

(@®_ Regular World Day (RWO)

Doy of Solor Eclipse

1962 MARCH
soM T WT
1
4 5 67 8
n 13°14 15
18 i @ @) @
25 27 28 29
1962 JUNE
soM oT WT

1962
SoM
2 3
9 10
16 #417
23°24
30
1962
SoM
2 3
9 10
16 17
23° (24
30 31

SEPTEMBER
TW T

4 5 3
W112
@U@

25 26 27

DECEMBER
Tw T

Nw

o
8BE o

Re)
&

4
u
®W
25

RWD with highest priority

_7_ Dey with unusual meteor shower activity

27° 28 «29 «30 31

1962

F s
2 3

9 10

16 17
23° 24
30 31

1962

jo
lawn

N
S
nv
Oo

1962

7 8
14°15
21 22
28 «29

1617 18 19. . . World Synoptic Interval, (WS!), combining World

Meteorological Interval, Regular World Interval, International Rocket Week.

-ill-



International Geophysical Calendar 1963

Issued October 1962 by the International Ursigram and World Days Service under the auspices of U.R.S.I.

1963 JANUARY
Ss mM T W T F s
123 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1415 J16 17 18 19

20 21 @2 @
27° 28 29 30 3)

1963 APRIL

S M T W T F s
1 2°93 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 #13

26 27

28 29 30

1963 JULY
SoM T WT FS
192 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 1 12:13
1415 |@ © 19
2122 23 24 25[26 27
28 29 30 31

1963 OCTOBER
So M TW T F s
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1

1314 @O}/@ © 18 19
2021 22 23 26 25 26

27. 28 29 30 31

1964 JANUARY
SoM T W T F s

A232 4
7 2

1963 FEBRUARY
SoM TW TF

7 8
1415

22
28

10

t
2
= 9
23 @®QOQ.
19 20 2) 22 23 24
26 27 28 29 30 31

1963 AUGUST

S M T WwW T F
1 2

4 5 6 7 8 9

412 @@OOQ®O

18 19 20 21 22 23
25 26 27 28 29 30

1963 NOVEMBER
SoM T W T F

3 4 5 6 7 8
10011 12 13° «14 5
1 18 @ 22
24 25 26 27 28 29

© Regular World Day (RWD)

Doy of Solar Echpse

_Z_ Dey with unusual meteor shower activity

VW
18

ewe

N
3

1963 MARCH

SoM T W T F $s
1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

io Fb 12 13 «14 «15 16

7 18 @ @ 2 23
24° 25 26 27 28 29 30
31

1963 JUNE
Ss M T W T F

Ss

1
23453 62 8
9 10 11 12 13 «14 «15

16 17 @ @D @ 21 22

23°24 25 26 27 28 29
30

1963 SEPTEMBER
S M T W T F $s
12 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 Th 12°13 «14

15 16 @ @ @ 2 2

22 23 24 25 26 27 @
29 30

1963 DECEMBER

SoM T WT F §$
| 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1516 @@®@® 2 a

22 23 24 25 2% 27 2
29 30 31

B_RWO with highest prionty
& Rocket-winds Days

ZdS Regular Meteorological Day

16 17 18 19 World Geophysical Interval, (WGI)

- 13 -



WORLD DATA CENTER A

Upper Atmosphere Geophysics

REPORT UAG-6

INTERNATIONAL

GEOPHYSICAL CALENDARS
1957-1969

by
A.H. Shapley and J.V. Lincoln
ESSA Research Laboratories

Boulder, Colorado Si

Prepared by Research Laboratories, ESSA, Boulder, Colorado
and published by I

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE
ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, USA 28801

March 1969

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $9.00 a year; $2.50 additional for foreign mailing; single copy
price varies." Checks and money orders should be made payable to the Superintendent of
Documents. Remittance and correspondence regarding subscriptions should be sent to the
Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

“Price of this issue 30 cents



1UWDS International Geophysical Calendar for 1968

EXPLANATIONS

1. Purpose. The Interrotional Geophysical Colendar designates
days and intervals selected for special ottention for geophysical
abservotions, experiments, data interchange or anolyses. It. Is
thus 0 fromework for worldwide ond interdisciplinary coordination
Jn those programs where it is not practical or meaningful to carry
out the same work for each and every doy. The Calendar serves

ly the branches of geophysics dealing with the earth's ot
mosphere. A principal use is for the coordinotion of the sampling
of the mony phenomenc which vory significantly during the course
of @ yeor. The Calendar is prepared by the International Ursigram
‘and World Doys Service (IUWDS) with the advice of the spokes-
men for the vorious scientific disciplines, especially for the
suggested scientific programs recommended to be carried out
for the days or intervals morked on the Calendar (see paragraphs
11 to 16 below). In addition it is common practice for individual
seophysical stations or groups of stotions to arrange some of their
plans of observations according to the Calendar. Thus geophysicists
can expect thot their colleagues in other countries, in other labora-
tories ond in other geophysical disciplines will tend to be making

‘creased efforts for the doys and intervals marked on the Calendar;
the omount of geophysicel dota in existence, ot the World Dota
Genters and elsewhere, will cccordingly be ‘greater for Colendar
loys

2. Universal Time (UT) is the stondord of time for all
world days on the Colendor, i.e., each begins at 0000 UT and
ends ot 2400 UT.

|. Regular Geophysical Doys (RGD) are each Wednesday
throughout the year. This weekly sompling schedule is porticularly
designed for the purposes of the meteorological program but hos
also been odopted. for some other geophysical programs,

4, Regular World Days (RWD) ore. three consecutive days
eoch month, clways Tuesdoy, Wednesdoy, Thursday near the middle
of the month. They ore intended for observations, experiments or
onalyses which con or need be made for about 10% of days and
which should be spoced (in groups of three days) throughout the
year.

5, Priotity Regular World Days (PRWD) are one day each
month—the RWD which ore also o RGD (Wednesday). They are
for work which con or needs to be done only one day each month
throughout the yeor.

6 Quarterly World Days (QWD) ore one doy in each quarter
of the year, They ore the PRWD which foll within the World
Geophysical “Intervals (WGI) and aro also @ RGD. (Wednesday).
The QWD serve to coordinate seasonal high-altitude rocket ex-

periments,

7. World Geophysical Intervals (WGI) during 1968 ore fourteen
consecutive days in each scoson, beginning on the second Mondoy
of the selected months, They always include the three RWD of the
month and the QWD ‘for the season, The WGI are intended for
Intensified programs aimed at the statistics of seasonal variations or
the timing of seasonal changes. The schedule of WGI relative to
the equinoxes and solstices is usually mode different from year to
year; thus the WGI hove ben shifted one month corlier thon those
of 1967,

8, Solar Eclipses ore Morch 28-29 (portial) observable in parts
‘of Antarctica, the South Pacific Ocean and the southern part of
South America; and September 22 {total} in the Arctic ond Central
Asia. Geophysical stations in the eclipse zones and their conjugate
ores treat these days as world days and undertake special progroms
fo study eclipse effects on the eorth’s otmosphere, For maps of
the eclipse zones and pertinent details see ony standard astronomical
ephemeris or yeorbook.

9. Meteor Showers of special interest ore also marked on the
Calendar, including some of the importont visuol showers and also
Unusual showers observable mainly by radio and radar techniques
Attention is called to these days (selected by P. M. Millman, Ottawa)
jin case fonization produced by meteors may account for unusual
eHfects in, other geophysical experiments.

10. “World Days" not appearing on Calendar. The occurrence
‘of unusual solar or geophysical conditions are announced or forecast
through various types of geophysical “Alerts” which ore widely
distributed by telegram and radio braedcost on o current schedule,
The types of Alerts are: magnetic storm (in telegrams MAGSTORM),
solar activity (SOFLARE, PROTONFLARE or SOFLARE FLARES), and
cosmic ray event (COSMIC EVENT). Sudden and unusual strato-
spheric wormings (STRATWARM) are also designated, These Alerts
‘ore issued by the IUWDS World Worning Agency or under certain
Circumstances by one of the solar-geophysical Regional Warning
Centers, The meteorological telecommunicotions network coordi
nated by WMO corries these worldwide Alerts once daily soon
after 0400 UT. Many geophysical stations in the vorious disciplines
increase thei programs or corry on speciol experiments 10. toke
advantage of the specicl solor or geophysical conditions during
the period of Alert. Selections of Retrospective World Intervals,
after a delay of 0 few months, ore olso announced in suitoble
Publications, An additional service of the Regional Worning Centers
is to notify geophysical ond solor stations promptly {Ursigrams) with
summory cetails of immediately significant geophysical abservotions
ond of mojor solar events which hove important and sometimes
fong-losting geophysical effects. The telegraphic addresses of the
Regionel Warning Centers are as follows: AGIWARN WASHING:
TON (USA); DEMPA TOKYO (JAPAN); IZMIRAN MOSCOW (USSR);
HONOSPHAERE DARMSTADT (GFR) or CNETAG! MEUDON
(FRANCE), Associote RWC operate in some other localities,

RECOMMENDED SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS
OPERATIONAL EDITION

(The following moterial woe reviewed in 1967 by spokes-
men for the various scientific disciplines os suitable for coordinated
geophysical programs in 1968 at the 4th IQSY Assembly ond 10th
Meeting of COSPAR }

11. Meteorology. Particular efforts should be made to corty out
on intensified program on the RGD——cach Wednesdey, A
desirable goal would be the scheduling of meteorological rocket-
sondes, ozone sondes ond radiometer sondes on these days, together
with ‘moximum-cltitude rawinsonde oscents at both 0000 and
1200 UT.

During WGI ond STRATWARM Alert intervals, intensified
progroms are also desirable, preferably by the implementation of
RGD-type programs (see above! on Mondays and Fridays, as well
as on Wednesdoys,

12. Geomagnetism. It has always been a leading principle for
geomognetic observatories that operations should be os continuous
@s possible, Thus the great mojority of stations toking part in
the geomagnetic progrom will undertake the same program without
regord to the Calendar. The days marked on the Colendor will be
Of interest mainly to the following two types of geomagnetic sto~
tons: (0) Stotions recording quick-run_micropulsotions (with fast
chart speeds) ore requested to moke such records on every RGD—
each Wednesday, UT—according to the following schedule: 1968
Jon. 3 from 0300 to 0700; Jon. 10 from 0400 to 0800; Jon.
17 fram 0500 to 0900; etc. The cbservatories ore not obliged 16
send their recordings to the World Data Centers except by special
request (see IQSY World Days Manual under Retrospective World
Intervals on Micropulsotions), {b) Stations which, in addition to
other activities, are equipped for moking magnetic observations,
but which con‘not, carry cut such observations and reductions on
© continuous schedule ore encouraged to corry out such work at
eost on RWD (ond during times of MAGSTORM Alert).

13, lonosphere, For the vertical incidence sounding program,
the summary recommendations are; (a) soundings to be made ot
five minute intervals or less on RWDs for stotions normally making
observations every quorter hour or ot more frequent intervals; all
stotions are recommended 10 make ot least quarter hourly abserva-
tions on RWDs; (b) f-plots ore made for high latitude stations and
representative stotions at lower fotitudes for all doys (i.e., including
RWDs ond WGls); (c) profile parameters he, gc or recommended
similar parameters to be determined and sent to WOCs for RWDs
for oll stations except those undertaking full profile programs or
producing monthly medion profiles; (d} copies of hourly ionograms
with appropriate scales for PRWDs ore to be sent 10 WOCS; (e) sto-
tions in the eclipse zone ond its conjugate orea should toke
continuous observations on solar eclipse days and special obser-
Yotions on odjacent doys in accordance with detailed recommenda-
tions in lonosphere Manuals. Continuous records of ionospheric
porometers are acceptable in place of fplots at temperate ond
tow latitude stotions

For the ionospheric drifts progrom, observations ore mode ot
least on all RWDs, on all WGls, cn every Wednesday (RGDs) ond
on every Thursday (doy following cach RGD). Hourly tobulations
for all doys mentioned are sent to the WDC. It is essentiol that suffi-
cient observations be made to provide representative values of the
diurnat voriations. Hourly tabulations for this purpose should also be
sent to WOGS.

For the ionospheric absorption progrom, diurnal hourly obsorva-
tions ere made ot least on of! RWDs and hourly tobulations sent to
WDCs. Continuous observations on solar celipse doys, where possible,
for stations in eclipse zone and its conjugate area, Special efforts
should be mode to obtoin additional cbsorption measurements ct
temperate lotitude stations during the period of Absorption Winter
Anomaly, particularly on days of abnormally high or abnormally
Tow absorption (appraximately November-March, Northern Hem-
isphere; May-September, Southern Hemisphere).

For back-scotter and forward-scatter programs, observations
should be mode on oll RWDs ot leost

For ELF noise measurements involving the eorth-ionosphece
cavity resonances any special effort should be ccncentrated during
the WGls,

It is recommended thot more intensive observations in all pro-
‘grams be considered on doys of unusual meteor activity.

4, Solar Activity. Observatories are invited 10 issue and send
to the WDCs of oll disciplines special reports of their regular ond
ony special observations on ail soler eclipse days. to assist in the
interpretation of geophysical observations made in the eclipse zones.

15, Cosmic Rays, Aeronomy. Experimenters should take into
‘occount that observotional effort in other disciplines tends to be in-
tensified on the days marked on the Calender, and schedule balloon
cond racket experiments accordingly if there are no other geophysicol
reasons for choice.

16. Space Research. In view of the variability of the D ond &
regions of the ionosphere, it is desirable to moke rocket measure-
ments of their choracteristics on the some dey of as many locations
‘os possible. Where feasible, experimenters should endeavor to
Tounch rockets on the Quarterly World Days (QWD) since these
are also days when there will Be maximum support from ground

servations,

‘The Internotional Ursigram and World Days Service (IUWDS) is o permonent scientific service of the International Union of Redio

Science (URSI), wi

the porticipation of the Intemational Astronomical’ Union and the  lnternotional Union Geodesy. ond Geophysics.

TUWDS adheres to the Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services of the International Council of Scientific Unions, The IUWOS
coordinates the intermational aspects of the world doys program and rapid dota interchonge, ond clso publishes subsequently Abbrevieted

Calendar Records of solar and geophysical indices ond events.

This Colendar for 1968 hos been drawn up by A. H. Shapley, Chairman, and J. V. Lincoln, Deputy Secretory, of the
i close ossociation with the IUCSTP Commission and the Reporters ond spokesmen for the various scientific disci-
imilar Colendors have been issued onnually beginning with the IGY, 1957-58, ond hove been published in

Steering Committee,
s and COSPAR.
iy available scientific publications,

pl
vorious. wi
Published for the International Council of Sei

luwos,

ic Unions with the finoncial assistonce of Unesco (Unesco subvention - 1967 - AVS/414/24)

~ 22 -



WORLD DATA CENTER A

National Academy of Sciences

2101 Constitution Avenue, N, W. Washington, D, C, U.S.A, 20418

World Data Center A consists of the Coordination Office

and eight subcenters:

World Data Center A
Coordination Office

National Academy of Sciences

2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.

Washington, D. C., U.S.A. 20418

Telephone (202) 961-1404

Airglow, Aurora (Instrumental and Visual):
Cosmic Rays, Ionosphere and Solar Activity:
World Data Center A:
Upper Atmosphere Geophysics
Environmental Science Services
Administration
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80302
Telephone (303) 447-1000 Ext. 3654

Geomagnetism, Seismology, Gravity and Tsunami:
World Data Center A:
Geomagnetism, Seismology, Gravity & Tsunami
Environmental Data Service, ESSA
Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A. 20852
Telephone (301) 496-8160

Glaciology:
World Data Center A:
Glaciology
American Geographical Society
Broadway at 156th Street
New York, New York, U.S.A. 10032
Telephone (212) 234-8100

Longitude and Latitude:
World Data Center A:
Longitude & Latitude
U.S. Naval Observatory
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20390
Telephone (202) 698-8422

Meteorology (and Nuclear Radiation):
World Data Center A:
Meteorology
National Weather Records Center
Asheville, North Carolina, U.S.A. 28801
Telephone (704) 253-0481

Oceanography:
World Data Center A:
Oceanography
Building 160
Second and N Streets, S.E.
Washington, D. C., U.S.A. 20390
Telephone (202) 698-3753

Rockets and Satellites:
World Data Center A:

Rockets and Satellites
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D. C., U.S.A. 20418
Telephone (202) 961-1404

Upper Mantle Project:
World Data Center A:
Upper Mantle Project
Lamont Geological Observatory
Palisades, New York, U.S.A. 10964
Telephone (914) 359-2900 Ext. 209

Notes:

(1) World Data Centers conduct international exchange of geophysical observations in accordance
with the principles set forth by the International Council of Scientific Unions. WDC-A is established
in the United States under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences.

(2) Communications regarding data interchange matters in general and World Data Center A asa
whole should be addressed to: World Data Center A, Coordination Office (see address above).

(3) Inquiries and communications concerning data in specific disciplines should be addressed to
the appropriate subcenter listed above,


IUWDS International Geophysical Calendar for 1969

{Sce ether side for instructions on the use of this Colender!

1969 JANUARY 1969 FEBRUARY 1969 MARCH
Ss M TW T F S

23 446 7 8
2 0 OA @ 1415
16 17 18 GS 20 2 22

26 27 28 AX 30 31 23 24 25 AN 27 28
1969 APRIL 1969 May
Ss oM Tw som oT WT F S$ “ T
1A 123 2 5
6 7 8 A 4) s) 3 As 9 10 alg 10 12 13) 14]
3 14 © & @ 18 19 uz @& @ 6 Ww g ® 2 2
20 21 22 AX 24 25 26 18 19 20 AX 22 23 24 26 27 28
27 28 29 Ay 25 26 27 AN 29 30 31 29 30
1969 JULY 1969 AUGUST 1969 SEPTEMBER
Ss M TW TF § Ss MT WTF S$
i A 3 4 5 1 2
6 7 @ Ai uw 3 4 54 789
3 14 © & @ 18 19 jo un @ @ 15 16
20 21 22 AN 2a 2 26 17 18 19 21 22 23
27] 28} 29] AY 31] 24 25 26 AX 28 29 30
31
1969 ocroser 1969 NOVEMBER 1969 DECEMBER
SoM oT WTF Ss Ss MT WT FS
A234 1
5 6 7 9 10 it 23 44678
2 13 @ & @ 17 18 9 10 11 AN 13 14 15
19 20] 21) A) 23 24 25 16 17] © & @ a 22
26 27 28 A 30 31 23 24 26 AX 27 28 29
30
1970 JANUARY @ Regular World Day (RWD) [2 World Geophysical Interval (WGI)
SoM T wotoF $s Day of Solar Eclipse <D auorterly World Day (awD)
1 232 also o PRWD ond RGD
4 5 648 9 10 -3 Day with unusual meteor shower octivity,
11 12 ®@ A ® 16 17 Northern Hemisphere @ Priority Regular World Day (PRWD)
18 19 20 AX 22 23 24 7] Day with unusual meteor shower activity, | Z\ Regulor Geophysical Day (RGD)
25 26 27 aA 29 30 BL Southern Hemisphere
special Equatorial Interval (see text)
TABLE OF WORLD DAYS MARKED ON THE CALENDAR
RWD PRWD  QWD RGD WGI ‘ECL. METEORS
4,15, 16 15 18 15, 22, 2 69 3,15
M1213 5, 12, 19, 2%
1, 19, 2019S, 12, 9, 102318
15, 16176 2 9. 16, 23, 30 2, 22
14 154 7, 14, 21, 28 46
7,119 18k, 18, 25 9.22 8.10, 13-14
15, 16, 17 16 2 9 16, 23, 30 27-31
213,41 6 13, 20, 27 1.14
% 1, 10,10, 7,28 a2
14, 15, 16 1s 1, 8, 1S, 22, 29 20-22
1, 19, 2009 5, 12, 19, 26 7
6017, 8 17,8, 0,7, 24, 3 3.21 4:6, 12-15
Equatorial Interval March 7 to April 4
OPERATIONAL EDITION, SEPTEMBER 1968 ~ 25 -

USCOMM - BSSA - ASHEVILLE - - 3/29/68--1000



International Geophysical Calendar 196

Issued November 1960 by the International World Day Service

1961 JANUARY 1961
SM TWTF S$

123 45 67
8 8 10 11 12 13 14
15/16 G2) Gs) (2) 20 2

(2223 24 25) 26 27 28
29°30 3t

1961 APRIL 1961
S M TW TF S$

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 & "@O@s# 22
24 2526 27 28 28

30

1961 JULY 1961
Ss MTW TES

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 if 12 13 14
G9 OOO" a
[2m spa 7 eB

30 3t

1965 OCTOBER — 1961
SoM TW TF S

123 4 5 67
a 9 10 1 12 13 14
15 |16 (17) (8) (is) 20 21

«(23 4 [26 27 28
2 30 31

1962 JANUARY 1962
sMTWTE S

123 4 5 6

8 9 0 Ht 2 18

EOL OLOM

2 2 4 25/25 27
2% 29 30 3

1961
s

4
28

1961

13
20
27

1961

12
19
26

M

28

FEBRUARY 161
TWTr;Ss

1 2 3 4
7 8 9 10 41
@W®+ 9:
21 22 23 24 25
28

MAY 1961
TWTFS

23 45 6
9 10 11 12 13
CLOOR
23 24 2 26 27
30 31

8

AUGUST 1961
TWTeEs
123 4 5
8 9 19 [ii] 12

22 23 24 25 26
29 30 31

NOVEMBER 1961
TWTtF Ss

123 4

7 8 9 0 1
@OO® 7
2 2 2 m4 2
2% 29 30

@ Regular World Day (RWD)
RWD with highest priority

21 Day with unusual meteor shower activity

[15] Day of solar ectipse

17 18

under the auspices of U.R.S.1.

4961 MARCH 1961
SMTWTFEF S

123 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1213114 15 16 17 18)

to POCO rE 28

26° 27 26 29 30 3t

1961 JUNE 1961
SM TW

1961 SEPTEMBER 1961
sSMTW TFS

3 4 5 6 7 8B YG
oot @BO= 18,

1961 DECEMBER 1964
S M TW T F S

“Bt 25 26 27-28 29 30

World Meteorological Interval (WMI)
17... Regular World Interval (RWI)

ciRW)

Notes :(#) WMI in January and October considered most important
(69) Feb. 15, 1961 : RWD with highest priority



International Geophysical Calendar 1963

1, Purpose—The International Geophysical Calendar designates selected days and intervals for spe-
cial attention for geophysical experiments and analysis and is thus a framework for world-wide co-ordina-
tion. The Calendar serves mainly the branches of geophysics dealing with the earth's atmosphere in which
many phenomena vary significantly during the course of a year. In some experiments, such as the routine
recording of variations of the earth's magnetic field, the observing and analysis programs at observatories
are normally carried out at a uniform level throughout the year; in these cases the Calendar is not needed.
However, in many other experiments (for example, rocket experiments), it is not practical or meaningful
to carry out the same program on each and every day. Here the Calendar can provide a useful mechanism
for co-ordination; experimenters will know that their colleagues in other countries, in other laboratories,
and in other disciplines will tend to also carry out experiments on the days or intervals marked on the
Calendar. In this way, results of experiments may later be more easily and usefully compared.

In some scientific fields, international scientific organizations have made specific recommendations
for programs to be done on days or intervals marked on the Calendar. In others, the arrangements are
informal or self-evident. Some examples are given below.

2. Regular World Days (RWD) are intended for observations or analyses or special experiments
which as a practical matter can be done for only about 10% of days and should be in groups of three
consecutive days and spaced throughout the year. One day of each group of three is designated as the
“RWD” with highest priority and may be used for similar work which can be undertaken for only one
day each month. Examples of suitable programs in fonospheric Physics are: oblique incidence pulse
transmission and reception; absorption measurement by pulse reflection technique; extended observing
schedule for whistlers and V.L.F. emissions; analysis of vertical sounding ionograms by f-plot, h’-plot,
etc.; hourly reduction from ionograms of F-region true height parameters “he” and “qc. It is recom-
mended that exchange of copies of original ionograms in ionospheric vertical sounding work be made for
the RWD with highest priority.

3. World Geophysical Intervals (WGI) ore intended for experiments which for practical reasons can-
not be carried on continuously, but for which statistics of seasonal variations are especially needed. The
choice of intervals has been heavily influenced by the needs of the meteorology discipline. The intervals
in 1963 are placed about a month after the equinoxes and solstices which are times of marked seasonal
change in certain upper air meteorological phenomena, The co-ordinated international programs for
meteorology call for extra effort in synoptic rocket sounding and balloon sounding during the WGI. Oth-
er programs such as ionospheric drift and high atmosphere wind measurements are other examples of
suitable programs for such intervals.

‘4, Other Special Days marked on the Calendars include rocket-winds days, the days of solar eclipses, and days of un-
usual meteor shower’ activity. The rocket-winds days (Feb. 24, 25, 26) have been selected by COSPAR for a series of simultane-
ous rocket measurements of winds in the lower ionosphere (up to about 200 km) by techniques such as grenades, sodium clouds
‘and visible grenade glows. COSPAR further recommends that simultaneous ground-bosed measurements by radio methods also
be made on these dates. The solar eclipses (Jan. 25, July 20, 1963; Jan. 14, 1964) ore occasions when special programs may be
expected to be carried out in appropriate parts of the world to study the sun ond any eclipse effects on the earth-atmosphere.
The geomagnetism discipline has called special attention to these eclipses. lonospheric stations customarily increase their observ-
ing programs even if the magnitude of eclipse at their location is small. Many solar activity observatories take extra observa-
tions and issue specially detailed reports to assist the interpretation of the geophysical effects. The days with unusual meteor
shower activity include some of the important visual meteor showers and also unusual showers observable mainly by radio and
radar techniques. Attention is called to these days in case ionizction produced by meteors may account for unusual effects in
‘other geophysical experiments. The onnual World Meteorological Day, selected by the W.M.O. os March 23 (not marked on the
Calendor), was first celebrated in 1961. Its purpose is to moke the services which national meteorological services can render
to the various branches of economic development, as well as the activities of the World Meteorological Organization, better
known and appreciated by the public of oll countries.

5. World Days for the International Years of the Quiet Sun, 1964-65. This present Calendar also shows January 1964
which is the first month of IQSY. This month therefore shows a pattern of world days which is somewhat different from 1963,
but which will be followed in the International Geophysical Calendars for the IQSY period. The Regular Meteorological Days
are each Wednesday (U.T.) on which it is recommended that particular efforts be made to obtain the maximum quantity of data,
including rocket ascents and ozone rodiotion sonde ascerts, as well os maximum altitude balloon ascents at 0000 and 1200
U.T. The World Geophysical Intervals for IQSY have been extended to cover 14 days.

6. Special Intervals not appearing on Calendar—Periods of great magnetic, auroral and ionospheric disturbance ave also
of considerable geophysical interest. World-wide co-ordination of observation is especiolly useful for stations not near the auroral
zones, that is, places where the beginning of o major disturbance may not be immediately apparent from local observations.
Notices of Geophysical Alerts ond Special World Intervals (SWI) are distributed by telegram or radio broadcast on a current basis.
by the solar-geophysical Regional Warning Centers of the 1.U.W.D. whose telegrophic addresses are as follows:

AGIWARN WASHINGTON (U.S.A,); DEMPA KOKUBUNJ/ (Japon); NIZMIR MOSCOW {U, .); HONOSPHARE DARM~
STADT (G.F.R.) or GENTELABO PARIS (France) or AG! NEDERHORSTDENBERG (Netherlands). The meteorological telecommuni-
cations network co-ordinated by W.M.O. carries such information once daily soon ofter 1600 U.T. Mony geophysical stations
increase their programs or carry on special experiments during disturbed periods, Prompt notification of immediately significant
geophysical observations and of major solar flare events which have important and sometimes long lasting geophysical effects,
are also undertaken through the Regional Warning Centers.

__ 7. The International Ursigram and World Days Service (1.U.W.D.S,) is a permanent service of the Internationa! Scientific
Radio Union (U.R.S.I.), adhering to the Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services of the International Council of Scientific
Unions (1.C.5.U.). This Calendar has been drawn up by A. H. Shapley and J. V. Lincoln in consultation with interested I,C.5,U. unions
and committees, and representatives of the W.M.O. A fuller description of such Calendars has appeared in the U.R.S.I. Informa-
tion Bulletin and various widely avoilable scientific publications.

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