NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-113

Technical Memorandums are used for documentation and timely

communication of preliminary results, interim reports, or

special-purpose information, and have not received complete

formal review, editorial control, OF detailed editing.

An Annotated List of Selected References on Age and Growth 

Studies of Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus spp.

Dennis W. Lee

Eric D. Prince

Walter C. Mann

March 1983

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

John V. Byrne, Administrator

NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE

William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries
CONTENTS

Abstract ...................................................... 1

Introduction .................................................. 1

Annotated Bibliography........................................ 2

Subject index ................................................. 28
1

ABSTRACT

Annotations are presented for 74 selected papers published since 1928 on

age and growth determination of two primary species, Thunnus thynnus and

Thunnus maccoyii-, and two subspecies, T. thynnus thynnus and T. thynnus

orientalis, of bluefin tuna. A subject index is included for each designation.

INTRODUCTION

This list of references consists of 74 papers which address the general

topic of estimating age and growth rate of bluefin tuna, Thunnus spp. The

literature indicates that bluefin tuna occur as two primary species, Thunnus

thynnus and Thunnus maccoyii, and 'as two subspecies, Thunnus thynnus orientalis and Thunnus thynnus thynnus.. One primary species Thunnus thynnus

found in the Atlantic between 20os latitude and 70oN latitude, as well

as in the Mediterranean and Black Seas (Tiews 1963; Mather and Jones 1972;

Mather et al. 1973; Sakakawa and Coan 1973; Parrack 1979) and is occasionally referred to with the subspecies designation of Thunnus thynnus thynnus.

The other subspecies, Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus orientalis, is

found in the Pacific Ocean between 35os latitude and 60oN latitude (Koski

1967; Schultz and Collins 1977; Bayliff 1980) and is often designated in the

literature as either Thunnus orientalis or Thunnus'thynnus (Pacific Ocean).

Southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, the Other primary species, occurs

only in the southern hemisphere in the Pacific and Indian Oceans between

50os to 0o latitude and 20oE to 8OoW longitude, and in the Atlantic Ocean

between 20os to 50os latitude (De Jaeger 1963; Robins 1963; Murphy 1977;

Murphy and Majkowski 1981; Olson 1981).

Over-exploitation of the bluefin tuna stocks, particulary in the Atlantic Ocean, has been a growing concern of many nations (Lee et al. In press;

Caddy and Butler 1976). Biological studies of age and growth are an integral part of stock assessment and a critically important component in the

data base used for formulating management regulations. The last comprehensive review of the literature on age and growth of bluefin tuna was by Bell

(1962). Recent studies have reported new methodologies for preparing and

examining skeletal hardparts and enhancing associated growth bands. Estimates of age using these techniques have resulted in increases in estimated

longevity of this species. In order to update the present work in this

area, we selected references if the subject provided age and growth estimates based on analyses of skeletal hardparts, tag and recapture data, or

size frequencies. Inferences to age or age composition of catch based on

previously published studies or von Bertalanffy parameters were also included. Initially, the literature was examined for references pertaining to

western Atlantic bluefin tuna, but was expanded to include the eastern

Atlantic population, as well as the Pacific and southern bluefin tuna.

Numerous references published in languages otherthan English and not containing English summaries or abstracts, could not be translated within the

restrictions of this effort and are not included here.

"References are listed alphabetically by the first author's surnane.

Each entry is annotated to provide a subject overview and facilitate location of a reference covering a specific area of interest.<:.-

* * *
2

AIKAWA, H., and M. KATO.

1938. Age determination of fishes (preliminary report 1) Bull. Jap. Sco.

Sci. Fish. 7(1):79-88 (Transl. by W.G. Van Campen, U.S. Fish and Wildl.

Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. (1950) 21: 22 p.

Estimations of age and growth rate determined for eastern Pacific

bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, and other scombrids, Neothunnus

macropterus, Germo permo, and Katsuwonus vagans based on ring counts of

anterior vertebrae from fish caught during 1936-1938. Estimated ages

of 1-9 years determined for 21 specimens of T. orientalis ranging in

size 34-211 cm (fork length). Methodology for vertebra analysis

described. Length and weight ranges for ages 1-9 years presented for

T. orientalis. Regression correlation of vertebra radius to body

Length also examined.

Key words: Thunnus orientalis, eastern Pacific bluefin tuna,

vertebrae, methodology , age estimates.

* * *

BAGLIN, R.E., JR.

1978. Length and age composition per set of bluefin tuna (Thunnus

thynnus) from the United States northwest Atlantic purse seine vessels.

Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 7(2):

349-351.

Fish tagging operations described for Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, aboard United States purse seine vessels. Length measurements

from 5,601 school bluefin tuna collected during the 1974, 1976, and

1977 tagging seasons assigned estimated ages of 1-4 years based on

length-age relationships determined in other published studies.

Percentage of age composition of the catches and the degree of

heterogeneity of schools discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, age

composition, heterogeneity.

* * *

BARD, F.X., J.L. CORT, and J.C. REY.

1973. Commentaires sur la composition demographique des peches de thon

rouge (Thunnus thynnus) de l'est Atlantique et de la Mediterranee,

1960-19-n Fr., Enq. summ.)

Vol. Sci. Pap.,

Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll.

Madrid 7(2):355-365.

Partially translated study on age and growth determination conducted on

eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught in the eastern

Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Estimates of age for 1-3 year

olds derived from length frequency modes. Large tuna-older than 3

years assigned apes based on results of a previously published study.

Von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated and length-weight-age

table presented by month (June-November) for estimated ages 0-23 years.

Summary of ape composition of tuna catches by various countries for the

period 1951-1977 given.
3

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, von

Rertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *

BAYLIFF, W.H.

1980. Synopsis of biological data on the northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Pacific Ocean. In W.H. Bayliff

(editor), Synopsis of biological data on eight species of scombrids.

p. 261-294. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm., Spec. Rep. No. 2.

Species distribution, life history parameters, population structure,

exploitation, and management regulations summarized from previously 

published studies on north Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus

orientalis. Review of age and growth studies-indicated ages of 6-10

years based on analyses of scales and vertebrae. Estimates of von

Bertalanffy growth parametes calculated.

Key words: Thunnus orientalis, north Pacific bluefin tuna, age

estimates, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, scales, vertebrae.

* * *

RAYLIFF, W.H., and T.P. CALKINS.

1979. Information pertinent to stock assessment of northern bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, in the Pacific Ocean. Inter-Am. Troo. Tuna

Comm. Internal Rept. No. 12: 75 p.

Length frequency analysis presented for estimation of age class based

on 42,817 northern Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught during

1952-1978 by various surface fisheries. Modes larger than 70 cm (fork

length) were found difficult to interpret. Von Bertalanffy growth

parameters determined based on tag recovery data from 105 fish.

Resulting growth rate for estimated apes 1-6 years compared to growth

rates from other published studies in which estimated ages were

determined from scale analyses. Migration, mortality rates, catch and

effort statistics, and historical account of surface fisheries also

discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, north Pacific bluefin tuna, length

frequency, tagging data, scales, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* *

BELL, R.R.

1962. P. history of tuna ape determination.

Part II: 693-706. Mar. Biol. Assoc. Ind

*

In Proc. Scombroid Fishes,

ia, Diocesan Press, India.

Reviews literature through 1961 concernin g age determination of

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thynnus thynnus, Pacific bluefin tuna, T.

orientalis, and other scombridsmes of skeletal hardparts-used in

the various studies showing sample size. area caught, size and age

ranges for each species given. Maximum estimated age of 18 years

reported for T. thynnus and 9 years for T. orientalis.
Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic b

Pat ific bluefina, vertehrae, scales

* *

BELL, R.R.

4

uefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis,

length frequency.

*

1963. Preliminary age determination of bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus.

Calif. Fish and Game 49(l): 307.

Estimation of age determined for north Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, caught in California waters during 1961-1962 based on analysis

of scales taken from the caudal peduncle. Methodology for staining

given. Scales from 247 specimens ranging 51-142 cm (fork length) gave

estimated ages of 0-5 years. Mean length and length ranges given for

each age.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, north Pacific bluefin tuna, scales,

staining methodology.

* *- *

BERRY, F.H., D.W. LEF, and A.R. BERTOLINO.

1977. Age estimates in Atlantic bluefin tuna -- an objective examination

and an intuitive analysis of rythmic markings on vertebrae and in

otoliths. (Title revised to: Progress in Atlantic bluefin tuna ageing

attempts). Int. Comm.

Madrid 6(2): 305-317.

Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap.,

An analysis of western

vertebrae and otoliths

description of skeletal

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, cauda

(sagittae) for age determination. Provides

 hardparts examined as -well as techniques for

processing and storage. Methodology of vertebra staining and otolit

cross sectioning for enhancing growth increments described.

Interpretation of growth increments and its implication to age

determination discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, otolith (sagitta),

vertebra, methodology.

* * *

BROTHERS, E.B., E.D. PRINCE, and D.W. LEE.

In press. Age and growth of young-of-the-year bluefin tuna (Thunnus

thynnus) from otolith microstructure. In E.D. Prince and L.M. Pulos

(editors), Proceedings of the international workshop on ape

determination of oceanic pelagic fishes: tunas, billfishes, and

sharks. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS.

Growth band microstructure in otoliths (sagittae and lapilli) from 350

larval and 44 juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, analyzed

for growth rate, estimation of ape, and spawning time. Fish sampling

procedure and methodology of otolith analysis described. Otolith

microstructure appeared to represent daily growth units and could be

used for age determination. Growth rates indicated substantial
5

variation in larval growth and correlated with ability to survive to

juvenile stages.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, otoliths, daily

growth increments.

* * *

BUTLER, M.J.A.

1971. Biological investigations on aspects of the life history of

bluefin tuna, 1970-71. Newfoundland and Labrador Tourist Development

Office (Contr. No. 162, Dept. of Bio., Memorial Univ., St. John's,

NFLD.) 196 p.

Detailed life history investigation conducted on giant western Atlantic

bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus. Provides results of age and growth

estimates for bluefin tuna caught during 1965-66 in coastal waters off

Newfoundland based on rinq counts of anterior vertebrae. Methodology

for vertebra processing and staining described. Estimated apes of

10-14 years determined for 41 bluefin tuna ranging 218-257 cm (fork

length) and these results compared to other bluefin tuna age and growth

studies. Growth parameters derived from Walford plot given and

length-weight-age curves developed. Tuna taxonomy, stock distribution,

migration, reproduction, spawning areas, feeding behavior and other

life history information discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, giant western Atlantic bluefin tuna,

vertebrae, methodology.

* * *

BUTLER, M.J.A.

1974. Prince Edward Island bluefin tuna research program, 1974. 165 p.

Unpubl. manuscr. St. Andrews Biological Station, N.B., Can.

Report of scientific investigations conducted on giant Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught during 1973-74 in coastal waters of

Prince Edward Island, Canada. Age and growth determination based on

growth band analysis of caudal vertebrae and otoliths (sagittae).

Methodology for preparing and analyzing the skeletal hardparts

described. Vertebra analysis of 61 specimens ranging from 158-287 cm

(fork length) pave estimated ages of 9-22 years. Thin cross-sections

of 29 sagittae indicated estimated ages of 17-25 years.

Length-weight-age table provided. Discusses ultrasonic tagging, food

and feeding behavior, sex ratio, and effects of oceanographic and

meterological conditions on catches.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, qiant western Atlantic bluefin tuna,

vertebra, otoliths, methodology.

* * *

BUTLER, M.J.A.

1982. Plight of the bluefin tuna. Nat. Geogr. 162(2):220-239.
Article describes scientific research, exploitation and resource

utilization of the Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus. Physiology,

behavior, and historical profiles of the species also discussed.

References to size and estimated ages given, including a maximum age

estimation of 35 years.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, ape estimates.

* * *

BUTLER, M.J.A., J.F. CADDY, C.A. DICKSON, J.J. HUNT, and C.D. BURNETT.

1977. Apparent age and growth based on otolith analysis of giant bluefin

tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) in the 1975-76 Canadian catch. Int.

Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 6(2):318-330.

Estimations of age and growth determined for giant western Atlantic

bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught in Canadian waters during 1975-76

based on growth band analysis of otolith (sagitta) cross-sections. A

technique for otolith extraction and methodology for cross sectioning

described. Examination and criteria for growth band interpretation

discussed. Estimated ages based on otolith analysis of 189 specimens

ranged 11-26 years. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters determined for

each sex and growth curves fitted to length-age data. Growth rate

briefly mentioned.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, giant western Atlantic bluefin tuna,

methodology, otolith, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

CADDY, J.F.

1974. Cohort analysis of

escapement through the

age structure. Inter.

Madrid 43186-197.

* * *

Atlantic bluefin tuna and estimates of

juvenile fisheries under two hypotheses of catch

Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap.,

Cohort analyses on poo ed estimates of surface fishery catches of

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, presented and discussed.

Estimated ages of 1-14+ years assigned to catches based on previously

published age estimates. Tables indicating number of fish at each age

for Atlantic-wide catches from 1957 to 1971 presented. Recent evidence

indicated that band counts from vertebrae and otoliths (sagittae)

showed good agreement and suggested older age estimates for giant

bluefin tuna (16-22 years) than previously reported. Calculations of

recruitment and mortality rates at specific ages also discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, age estimates,

vertebra, otoliths.

* * *

CADDY, J.F., and M.J.A. BUTLER.

1976. Recent catch trends and age composition in Canadian coastal

fisheries for giant bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and their relevance
7

to assessment of the northwest Atlantic large fish stocks. Int. Comm.

Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 5(2):244-257.

Examines recent fishing exploitation, size data, and age composition of

catch of giant Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, from five

Canadian coastal fisheries. Methodology for cross-sectioning bluefin

tuna otoliths (sagittae) briefly described. Comparison of age

estimates between vertebra and sectioned otoliths gave close agreement

up to 16 years, after which otolith suggested older age estimates.

Estimated ages of 11-30 years determined from otolith sections. Age

structure between eastern and western Atlantic compared and discussed.

Catch rates under alternative fishing strategies and comparison of

catch trends of giant tuna in eastern and western Atlantic also

discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, giant western Atlantic bluefin tuna,

vertebra, otoliths, hardpart methodology, age estimates.

* * *

COAN, A.L.

1976. Length, weight, and age conversion tables for Atlantic tunas.

Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid

5(1):64-66.

Age, length, and weight conversion tables presented for bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus, and other tunas, Katsuwonus p,lelamis, Thunnus alalunqa,

and Thunnus albacares. Von

previously publ

Bertalanffy growth parmeters obtained from

ished studies are presented for each species. Table of

fork length, round weight, and estimated ages (0.17-19+ years)

calculated for bluefin tuna. Other species similarly described.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, von Bertalanffy

growth parameters.

* * *

COPPELN-JIMENEZ, G., and F.X. BARD.

1980. Age and growth of each Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, as

determined by reading of fin ray cross section. [In Fr., Ena. summ.]

Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid

9(2):547-552.

Partial translation of ape and growth estimations conducted on eastern

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, based on cross section analysis

of the first dorsal spine. Methodoloqy for sectioning spines

described. Cross-sections from 144 specimens ranging 60 to 278 cm

(fork length) examined and estimated ages of 1-19 years assigned based

on assumption of forming two rings per year. Physiological factors

contributing to growth band formation discussed. Von Bertalanffy

growth parameters and mean length-at-age relation determined.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus,

spines analysis,

eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, dorsal

sectioning methodology, von Bertalanffy parameters.

* * *
COMPEAN-JIMENEZ G. and F.X. BARD.

In press. Growth increnents on dorsal spines of eastern Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, and their possible relation to migration

patterns. In E.D. Prince and L.M. Pulos (editors), Proceedings of the

international workshop on age determination of oceanic pelagic fishes:

tunas, billfishes, and sharks. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS.

Estimation of age and growth of eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, determined based on dorsal spine cross-sections. Methodology

for sectioning dorsal spines described. Estimated ages of 1-19 years

determined from analysis of 227 sectioned spines from tuna 40 to 278 cm

(fork length). Von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated and table

of mean length at estimated age presented. Formation of two paired

bands per year proposed and discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna,

methodology, dorsal spine, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *

CORSON, R.H.

1923. Fire Island fish notes. Copeia 1923 (123):108.

Two Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught off Fire Island, New

York, estimated to be 2 and 5 years old based on scales taken from

posterior portion of the body.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, scales.

* * *

De JAEGER. B.

1963. Synopsi

orientalis (

(Bonnaterra)

and bigeye t

Biol. Synop.

s of biological data on bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus

Temminck and Schlegel) 1842, longfin tuna, Thunnus alalunga

1788, yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterrm

una, Thunnus obesus (Lowe) 1839 (South Africa). FAO Fish.

Summary report of data collected during 1960-61 on bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus orientalis, and 3 other scombrids, T. alalunga, T.

albacares, and T. obesus caught in the Atlantic coastal waters of the

Republic of South Africa. Distribution. annual occurrence. and life

history information discussed. Age of largest bluefin tuna collected

estimated at 8 years old based on previously published ageing study

results.

Key words: Thunnus orientalis,' southern Atlantic bluefin tuna, age

determination.

* * *
FARBER, M.I., and D.W. LEE

1981. Ageing western Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, using

tagging data, caudal vertebrae and otoliths. Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl.

Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 15(2):536-546.

Estimation of age and growth determined for western Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught during the period 1966-1978 based on

analyses of caudal vertebrae, otoliths (sagittae) and growth rate

derived from tag recaptured data. Methodology for preparing, staining,

and clearing skeletal hardparts described. Estimated ages based on

1061 vertebrae and 123 otoliths ranged from O-14 years and O-8 years,

respectively. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters derived from tagging

and vertebra data fell within the range of growth parameters reported

previously by other studies on bluefin tuna. Relationship of vertebrae

cone radius and otolith radius determined by regression analysis, as

well as back-calculated fork lengths presented.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, tag

recapture, vertebra,otolith, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *

FARRUGIO, H.

1977. Donnes preliminaires sur la peche au thon rouge au filet tournant

en Mediterranee Francaise. [In Fr., Engl. Summ.] Int. Comm. Conserv.

Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 6(2):245-251.

Describes age composition of catch of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, landed during 1966-1975 by the French purse seine fishery

operating in Mediterranean waters. Length-weight-age table derived

from a previously published study presented for estimated ages 1-10

years.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, At

age composition.

* * *

lantic bluefin tuna, Mediterranean Sea,

FARRUGIO, H.

1978. Estimation de la composition demographique de la pecherie de

surface on thon rouge en Mediterranee Francaise de 1969 a 1976. [In

Fr., Eng. Summ.]. Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci.

Pan., Madrid 7(2):352-354.

Compares length-weight-age results from previously published age and

growth studies on eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus. Von

Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated and presented as table of

length-weight-age for each quarter year from O-12+ years. Age

composition of Mediterranean French fisheries for 1969-1976 presented

and discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna,

Mediterranean Sea, von Rertalanffy growth parameters, age composition.

* * *
1 0

FARRUGIO, H,

1979a. Resultant de la compagne de peche on thon rouge en Mediterranee

Francaise en 1977; premieres observations pour 1978. [In Fr., Eng.

Summ.]. Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap. , Madrid

8(2):313-314.

Describes the age composition of the French catch of Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, from Mediterranean waters in 1977. Age

estimates derived from previously published age and growth study.

Total catch presented by age class (monthly), percent of catch, and

total catch by age for ages 1-10+ years.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, Mediterranean

catches, ape composition.

* * *

FARRUGIO, H.

1979b. Revue comparative des etudes sur la croissance du thon rouge

Thunnus thynnus (Linne, 1758). [In Fr., Eng. Summ.]. Int. Comm.

Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 8(2):343-355.

Comparison of previously published von Bertalanffy growth parameters

for Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, were discussed. Tables of

length and weight ranges calculated for each age given for estimated

ages 1-20 years. Presents a general length-weight-age key for eastern

Atlantic and Mediterranean bluefin tuna without overlapping values for

ages 1-10 years.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, Eastern Atlantic

and Mediterranean, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *

FARRUGIO, H.

1980. Age et croissance du thon rouge (Thunnus thynnus) dans la pecherie

Francaise de surface en Mediterranee. [In Fr., Engl. summ.]. Int.

Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap:, Madrid 9(2):536- 546.

Age and growth estimates determined based on length frequency modes and

caudal vertebra ring counts of Mediterranean caught Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, during the period 1975-1977. Petersen method

applied to weight data of tuna 3 to 50 kg resulting in estimated ages

of 1-5 years. Methodology for enhancing vertebra growth rings

described. Estimated ages based on the 36th vertebra ring counts

ranged from 1-9 years. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated

from length frequency and vertebra data and the resulting growth models

compared to other studies. Estimated lengths at age from back

calculations of ring measurements and regression analysis of cone

radius given as well as discussion on growth rate and length-weight

results.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, Mediterranean Sea,

length frequency, vertebra, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *
11

FURESTIN, J., and J. DARDIGNAC.

1962. Le thon rouge due Maroc Atlantique (Thunnus thynnus Linne). Rev.

Trav. Inst. Peches marit. 26(4):381-398.

Examines linear growth of eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, using morphometric data collected during 1949-1954 in Atlantic

coastal waters of Morocco. Estimated ages and rate of growth

determined from 6 months to 2 l/2 years based on length frequency

analyses and compared to previously published ageing studies.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, length frequency,

age estimates.

* * *

HAMRE, J.

1958. About the age composition of Norwegian tuna catches in the years

1954-1958. Int. Coun. Explor. Sea. (91): 12 p.

Age and growth study conducted on Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, caught in Norwegian waters based on ring counts of vertebrae

collected during 1955-1956. Estimated ages of 5-13 years determined

from 322 vertebrae examined. Mean length-weight-ape table given and

resulting growth curves compared to an earlier published study

conducted on Mediterranean bluefin tuna. Migration, age composition

and variation in tuna catches during 1954-58 also discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, North Sea,

vertebrae, staining technique.

* * *

HAYASHI, S.

1957. A review of age determination of the Pacific tunas. Indo-Pacific

Fish. Counc. 7(2-3):53-64.

Review of age and growth studies conducted on Pacific bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus, and 4 other tuna species, T. alalunga, Parathunnus

obesus, Neothunnus albacares, and Katsuwonus pelamis. Studies reviewed

used analyses of length-weight frequency modes, vertebrae. and scales

to determine age. Growth curves from three Pacific bluefin tuna

studies compared to two Atlantic bluef in tuna studies. Other species

similarly described.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Pacific b

length frequency, growth curves.

* *

HUNT, J.J., (editor).

luefin tuna, scales, vertebrae,

*

1978. Proceedings of the Atlantic bluefin ageing workshop. Int. Comm.

Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 7(2):332-348.
12

Report of research by workshop participants involved in age

determination of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus. Detailed

description of methodology for collecting and storing otoliths and

vertebrae, as well as techniques for enhancing growth increments

described. Indirect ageing methods using tag recapture data, chemical

tags, and length frequency modes discussed. Von Bertalanffy growth

parameters derived using combined results from two studies previously

published. Recommendations for continued,research studies proposed,

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, otoliths analysis,

vertebra analysis, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, hardpart

methodology.

* * *

HURLEY, P.C.F., and T.D. ILES.

1982a. An unusual bluefin tuna tag return. Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl.

Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 17(2):295-298.

Report of tagged Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, recaptured in

1981 which had been at large for almost 16 years. Release data

estimated the tuna to be a 2 year old based on size at tagging, thereby

establishing age of this bluefin tuna to be 18+ years old. Estimated

ages of 11.9-21.1 years were obtained when estimated forklength of the

recaptured specimen was fitted to previously published von Bertalanffy

growth equations. The 36th caudal vertebrae was obtained from this

fish and age validation studies using this structure were conducted by

the National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, Florida.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, tagged

recapture data, von Bertalanffy growth par-meters.

* * *

HURLEY, P.C.F., and T.D. ILES.

1982h. Changes in the bluefin tuna stock in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in

1980 and their implications. Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll.

Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 17(2):299-306.

Estimated age composition of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus,

caught in Canadian waters during 1975-1979 ranged 5 to 30 years based

on analysis of 1,137 otolith cross sections. Predominate age groups of

giant bluefin tuna composed of 16-26 year olds. Canadian bluefin

fisheries described and management regulations summarized. Catch-perunit-effort (CPUF) and virtual population analysis (VPA) calculated and

results discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, age

estimates.

* * *
13

HURLEY, P.C.F., and T.D. ILES.

In press. Age and growth estimations of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus thynnus, using otoliths. In E.D. Prince and L.M. Pulos

(editors) of the international workshop on age

determination of oceanic pelagic fishes: tunas, billfishes, and

sharks. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS.

Estimation of ape and growth determined for western Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught along the Canadian and United States

coastline during 1975-1981 based on analysis of otolith (sagitta) cross

sections. Methodology for collecting and sectioning otoliths for

analysis described. Estimated ages of 1-32 years determined from 1,416

otoliths examined. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated for

each sex and table of mean length at age presented for males and

females.

Key words: Thunnus thvnnus. western Atlantic bluefin tuna, otolith,

von Bertalanffy growth parameters, age estimates.

*

HURLEY, P.C.F., T.D. ILES, and C.A

1981. Age and growth of bluefin

years. Int. Comm. Conserv. At

15(2):284-287.

* *

. DICKSON.

tuna taken in Canad

1. Tunas, Coll. Vol.

Estimates of aqe and arowth determined for western

ian waters in recent

Sci. Pap., Madrid

Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught in Canadian waters during 1975-1979 based

on the analysis of internal growth increments from otolith (sagitta)

cross sections. Estimated ages of 11-30 years determined for 1095

otoliths examined. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated for

each sex and compared to parameters derived from other growth studies

on Atlantic bluefin tuna.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, Canadian

waters, von Bertalanffy parameters, otolith analysis.

* * *

ISAACSON, P.A.

1964. Ape composition of the commercial California bluefin tuna catch in

1963. Comm. Fish. Rev. 26(11):12-14.

Estimates of age determined for Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus,

landed at Terminal Island, California during 1963 based on scale and

length frequency analyses. Scales from 1,038 specimens ranging in fork

length from 56 to 173 cm examined and estimated ages of O-6 years

determined. Length frequency modes compared to mean length at age data

determined from scale analysis. Age composition of 1963 California

landings described.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Pacific bluefin tuna, scales, length

frequency.

* * *
KIMURA, K.

1932. Growth curves of bluefin tuna and yellowfin tuna based on the

catches near Sigedera, on the west coast of Prov. Izu. [In Jap., Eng.

syn.] Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 1(1):1-4. (Available in U.S. Fish

Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 22(1950):11-16.)

Age and growth estimations determined for Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus

orientalis, and yellowfin tuna, Neothunnus macropterus, caught in the

coastal waters of Japan based on weight frequency distribution of an

unspecified number of fish. Growth curves representing estimated ages

of 1-5 years determined for bluefin tuna and 1-6 years for yellowfin

tuna. Presence of large bluefin tuna older than six years mentioned,

but growth rate not analyzed.

Key words: Thunnus orientalis, Pacific bluefin tuna, weight

frequency, age estimates.

* * *

KOSKI, R.T.

1967. Age and growth determinations of bluefin tuna in the north Pacific

Ocean. M.S. Thesis, Calif. State College, Long Beach, Calif. 51 p.

Age and growth investigation conducted on Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus orientalis, caught in coastal waters of southern California and

Baja California during 1963-65 based on analyses of scales, length

frequency modes, and tag recapture data. Technique for collecting

scales described and methodology of staining given. Estimated ages of

1-6 years determined from examination of 3,260 specimens. Validation

of growth marks analyzed by comparing results of scales aped from

recaptured fish of known age and length frequency modes. Mean backcalculated length at age and von Bertalanffy growth parameters

presented. Criteria for determining annuli on scales, time of annulus

formation and growth rates discussed.

Key words: Thunnus orientalis, Pacific bluefin tuna, scale analysis,

tag recapture data, length frequency, von Bertalanffy parameters,

growth rate, age validation.

* * *

LEE, D.W., E.D. PRINCE, and M.E. CROW.

In press. Interpretation of growth bands on vertebrae and otoliths of

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus. In E.D. Prince and L.M. Pulos

(editors), Proceedings of the international workshop on age

determination of oceanic pelagic fishes: tunas, billfishes, and

sharks. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS.

Vertebrae and otoliths (sagittae) of 2,287 western Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus, collected 1975-79 were examined and analyses of

growth-and age validation discussed. Methodologies for staining

vertebrae and cross sectioning otoliths described. The 36th vertebra

obtained from a tag-recaptured giant bluefin tuna where an age of 18

years was known based on tagging records, suggested each growth band on
Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlant ic b luefin tuna, Mediterranean Sea,

aqe and growth estimates.

* * *

LUCAS, C.

1974. Working paper on sothern bluefin tuna population dynamics. Int.

Corn-n. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coil. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 3:111-124.

15

this vertebra represented at least 1 year of life. Analysis of the - -

terminal translucent zone measurements on otolith cross sections from

554 giant tuna (>209 cm, FL) suggested the formation of two bands per

year on otoliths after age of maturity. Growth band counts of the 35th

and 36th vertebra and of two different interpretations of counts on

otolith cross sections from the same fish compared and discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, otoliths,

vertebrae, methodology, age validation.

* * *

LE GALL, J.

1954. Thon rouge, Thunnus thynnus (Linne). Rev. Trav. Inst. Peches

Marit. 18(2-4):65-67.

Brief summary of migration and distribution patterns of the

Mediterranean population of the Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus.

Length and weight ranges for young-of-the-year (estimated ages of 4 and

8 months) and estimated ages of 1-12 years presented based on

previously published data. Maximum age estimated at 15 years.

Indication of growth of Mediterranean caught tuna to be similar to

growth of tuna found in coastal waters of Europe and North America.

Effects of Australian and Japanese commercial fishing exploitation on

Pacific southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, population examined.

Von Bertalanffy growth parameters derived from tagging data of 116

recaptured fish and growth curve presented for estimated ages 1-12

years. Growth model of tagging data compared to growth model

determined by scale analysis from previously published study and

results discussed. Tagging experiment described and rates of tag

shedding and mortality estimates calculated.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, tag analysis,

estimated ages, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *

MAJKOWSKI, J., and J. HAMPTON.

In Press. Deterministic partitioning of the catch of southern bluefin

tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, into age-classes using an age-length

relationship. In E.D. Prince and L.M. Pulos (editors), Proceedings of

the international workshop on age determination of oceanic pelagic

fishes: tunas, billfishes, and sharks. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS.
16

Presents method for partitioning annual catch data of southern bluefin

tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, collected from Australian and Japanese surface

fisheries into ape classes based on age-length relationship. Von

Bertalanffy growth parameters derived from unpublished tag-recapture

and length frequencies presented and the equation of age-length

relationship used as basis for partitioning the catch data in age

classes. Potential errors in the partitioned catch estimates discussed

and errors attributed to the parameters of the ape-length equation

assessed using Monte-Carlo computer simulations. Age classes from 1-20

years presented.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, von Bertalanffy

growth parameters, methodology, tag recapture, length frequency, age

classes.

* * *

MATHER, F.J., III.

1974. The bluefin tuna situation. In Proc. 16th Ann. Int. Game Fish

Res. Con.: 93-120.

Addresses the growing concern over the declining abundance of the

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, stocks. Discusses tag return

data, intensity and efficiency of the Atlantic surface fisheries, and

stock structure imbalances. Table of estimated ages with mean length

and weight presented for each age from 0-14 years derived from

previously published studies. Suggested that growth of bluefin tuna is

now more rapid than previously indicated because of over exploitation

of the population.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, age detemination.

* * *

MATHER, F.J., III.

1980. Note on relationship between recently acquired mark recaptured

data and existing age estimates for Atlantic bluefin tuna. Int. Comm.

Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 9(2):470-477.

Three tap recaptured giant Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus,

at-large for 13.1-14.1 years resulted in documented ages of 15.3, 16.3

and 22+ 1 years old. Age, length, and weight of the three fish

were compared to previously published growth relationships on Atlantic

bluefin tuna determined from tag release-recapture data, length

frequency analysis, and skeletal hardpart examination. Longevity of

bluefin tuna exceeding 30 years and validity of calculated assymptotic

length also discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus,

release-recapture data.

Atlantic bluefin tuna, ageing, tag

* * *
17

MATHER, F.J., III, and A.C. JONES.

1972. A preliminary review of the stock structure of bluefin tuna in the

Atlantic Ocean. 18 P. Unpubl. manuscript. Woods Hole Ocenographic

Inst., Woods Hole, MA. 02542.

Summarizes previously published reports describing migration,

distribution, reproduction and age structure of Atlantic bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus. Table of mean length and weight at each age derived

from previously published growth studies presented for estimated apes

1-14 years. Summary of size frequency data of tuna catches for

1946-1970 given by pear and country

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlant

* *

MATHER, F. J., III, and H.A. SCHUCK.

ic bluef in tuna, age estimates.

*

1960. Growth of bluefin tuna of the western north Atlantic. U.S. Fish

Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 61(179):39-52.

Estimates of age and growth determined for Atlantic bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus, caught in coastal waters of Cape Cod, Massachussetts,

and Long Island, New York, based on the analyses of scales, caudal

vertebrae, and length frequency data. Estimated ages of O-14 years

determined for 197 specimens based on the composite use of scales from

small tuna (<50 lbs) and vertebrae from larger fish. Length frequency

analysis of 4,990 bluefin tuna correlated well with age groups O-5

years. Criteria for annulus interpretation described and growth rates

discussed. A growth curve and tables of mean length and weight for

each ape (O-14 years) presented.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, vertebrae,

scales, length frequency.

* * *

MURPHY, G.I.

1977. New understanding of southern bluefin tuna. Aust. Fish. 36(l):

2-6.

An examination of yield per recruit estimates made for surface

fisheries on southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, caught in

Australian coastal waters and in the Tasman and Southern Oceans.

Growth rate estimated from 2,578 tag recoveries used to calculate von

Bertalanffy growth parameters. Catch yields at various ages and

mortality coefficients calculated and discussed. Migration routes by

age and recruitment stability discussed.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, tagging data, von

Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *
18

MURPHY, G.I., and J. MAJKOWSKI.

1981. State of the southern bluefin tuna population: fully exploited.

Aust. Fish. 40(11):20-29.

Evaluation of the exploitation by surface fisheries on southern bluefin

tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, stocks presented. Estimates of von Bertalanffy

growth parameters derived on the basis of tagging data and the growth

curve presented for estimated ages 1-20 years. Proposed migration

pattern and mortality estimates also determined from tagging study.

Changes in the Japanese and Australian fisheries, recruitment and

resource abundance discussed.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, tagging study, von

Bertalanffy growth parameters, age estimates.

* * *

NICHY, F., and F.H. BERRY.

1976. Ape determination in Atlantic bluefin tuna. Int. Comm. Conserv.

Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 5(2):302-306.

Age determination of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus,

investigated based on preliminary analysis of scales, vertebrae, and

otoliths (sagittae). Selection of scale collection site and staining

techniques described. Methodology for storing and preserving caudal

vertebra and staining technique for growth zone enhancement described.

A detailed description of otolith removal and storage, as well as

methodology for cutting thin cross sections given. Internal

characteristics of the growth zones in otolith cross sections

described and estimated ages of up to 27 years proposed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, scales, vertebrae,

otoliths, age estimates.

* * *

OLSfiN, R.J.

1980. Synopsis of biological data on the southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus

maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872). In W.H. Bayliff (editor), Synopsis of

biological data on eight species of scombrids, p. 151-212. Inter-Am.

Trop. Tuna Comm., Spec. Rep. No. 2.

Reviews published studies on southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii.

Estimates of age and growth rate provided based on length frequency,

scales, and tagging data analyses. Table of von Bertalanffy growth

parameters from the published studies given and length-at-age

calculated for estimated ages of 1-10 years. Maximum age of 20 years

proposed. Distribution, life history information, population

structure, and exploitation discussed.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, age estimates, von

Bertalanffy growth parameters, scales, length frequency, tag-recapture

data.

* * *
19

PARRACK, M.L.

1979. An assessment of Atlantic bluefin tuna resources. In G.T.

Sakagawa (chairman), Unit stock management of highly migratory species:

Is it an imperative? p. 37-39. Proc. 30th Ann. Tuna Conf., Southwest

Fisheries Center, La Jolla, CA 92038.

Briefly describes geographical distribution, spawning areas, migration,

surface fisheries, and countries exploiting the Atlantic bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus. Proposed bluefin tuna live 20-30 years and reach a

maximum size of up to 320 cm (fork length) and 700 Kg (round weight).

Includes length-age curve based on analysis of tap-recapture data.

Yield per recruit of juvenile fish and virtual population estimates

presented and discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, age estimates,

growth curve.

* * *

PARRACK, P.L.

1980. Trends on the abundance and age structure of Atlantic bluefin

tuna. Int. Comm. Conserv. of Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid

9(2):563-580.

Stock structure and abundance estimated for total Atlantic (eastern and

western) and for western Atlantic catches of bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus. Tuna catches reported for surface fisheries during 1960-1978

compiled into length frequency data (fork length) and assigned age

groups (1-39 years) estimated from von Bertalanffy growth parameters,

which were determined in previously published study, Estimates of

mortality rates based on tag release-recapture data and virtual

population analysis (VPA) for stock abundance calculated and results

discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, von Bertalanffy

growth equation, stock structure.

* * *

PARRACK, M.L., and P.L. PHARES.

1979. Aspects of growth of Atlantic bluefin tuna determined from

mark-recapture data. Int. Ccnnm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci.

Pap., Madrid 8(2):356-366.

Age and growth determined for Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus,

based on results of mark-recapture data collected from 1966-1977.

Analysis of data from 354 mark-recaptured tuna at large from 1-97

years were used to estimate growth parameters. Von Bertalanffy,

Logistic, and Richards growth parrmeters determined and estimated ages

of O-30 years predicted. Comparisons made between growth models and

with other published growth parameters. Weight to length conversion

equations determined for May through October.
Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, mark-recapture

data, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *

PICCINETTI, C., and G.P. MANFRIN.

1970. Observazioni sulla biologia dei primi stadi grovanili del tonno

(Thunnus thynnus L.). [In Ital., Enq. summ.] Boll. Pesc,a. Piscic.

Idrobiol.25(2):223-247.

Examines early life history stages, geographical distribution, spawning

stages and fecundity of eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus.

Growth rates of tuna estimated to be 6-10 months old derived from

weight analysis and results compared to growth rates of other

previously published studies on bluefin tuna.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, juvenile

growth rates.

* * *

RIVAS, L.R.

1954. A preliminary report on the spawning of the western North Atlantic

bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Straits of Florida. Bull. piar.

Sci. Gulf Carib.4(4):31)2-322.

Season and location of spawning proposed for large, adult western

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, based on correlation of gonadal

condition and occurrence of eggs and larvae in the Straits of Florida.

Growth curve for 19 juvenile bluefin tuna (250-446 mm, fork length)

presented and age estimated at 2-8 months. Migration, sex ratio, and

fecundity discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, juvenile

growth.

* * *

RIVAS, L.R.

1976. Variation in sex ratio, size differences between sexes, and change

in size and age composition in western north Atlantic bluefin tuna

(Thunnus thynnus). Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci.

Pap., Madm):297-300.

Compares catch data of giant western Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, caught in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of

Maine for sex ratio, size and age canposition. Estimated ages and

length reported in other studies were used to assign ages to length

data of Bahamas caught tuna. These estimates were compared between two

time periods (1952-1955 and 1972-1973) and the age composition

discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, age composition.

* * *
21

RIVAS, L.R.

1977a. Age composition anomalies as evidence for transoceanic migrations

by intermediate age groups of the north Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus

thynnus). Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap.,

Madrid 6(2):270-280.

Definition of stable and unstable populations of Atlantic bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus, given. Medium and giant size class assigned estimated

ages determined in previously published studies. Comparisons made of

age compositions between eastern and western Atlantic stable and

unstable populations and the results discussed. Migratory routes,

season and mechanisms also discussed using supportive evidence from

published tagging studies.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, age composition.

* * *

RIVAS, L.R.

1977b. Age composition, seasonal distribution of ape groups, and

longevity of the western North Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus).

Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid

6(2):287-304.

A detailed study describing the seasonal age composition of western

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, during the period 1935-19.76

based on 95,305 weight measurements collected from landings in the

United States and Canada. Construction of generalized age-weight

growth curve derived from previously published age and growth studies.

Estimated ages of 0 to 22+ years assigned to the weight measurements

ranging from 297 g. to 463 kg. Mean weight and age table presented for

months May through October.

and size,

Discussion of seasonal distribution by age

period,

changes in the population structure during the sampling

and life span of the population given.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, age-weight

RIVAS, L.R.

1978. Pre

Atlantic

liminary models of annual life history cycles

bluefin tuna In G.D. Sharp and A.E. Dizon

physiological ecology of tunas, p. 369-393. Academic

curve, age composition.

* * *

of the north

editors), The

Press, N.Y.

Annual migratory cycles described for four size categories of north

Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus. Length, weight, and estimated

age ranges defined for each category. Geographical locations, optimum

temperature and biological activities described for hi-monthly

periods.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus,

migrations.

Atlantic bluefin tuna, age estimates,

* * *
22

ROBINS, J.P.

1963. Synopsis of biological data on bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus

maccoyii (Castelnau) 1872. FAO Fish. Rep. 6(1):562-587

Comprehensive life history investigation conducted on southern bluefin

tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, in the Pacific waters of Australia and New

Zealann and growth determination based on length frequency

analysis gave estimated ages of O-13 years. Length-age curve and

Walford growth transformation technique employed to determine maximum

length (222.5 cm, fork length). Nomenclature, distribution, migration,

reproduction, population structure and variation, and exploitation

discussed.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, length frequency,

length-age growth curve.

* *

RODRIGUEZ-RODA, J.

1964. Biologia del atun, Thunnus thynnus (L.), de la costa suda'lantica

de Espana. [Ena. summ.]. Inv. Pesq. 25:33-146.

Life history investigation conducted on eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus, caught along the Atlantic coastal waters of Spain

during 1956-1961. Age and growth determined from analysis of the

anterior surface of the 4th or 5th precaudal vertebrae taken from 153

specimens resulted in estimated ages of O-13 years. Methodology for

preparing and analyzing vertebra given. Table of mean length (fork

length) at age and estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters

given. Spawning season and location, maturation, tagging results and

migration discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, vertebra,

von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *

RODRIGUEZ-RODA, J.

1971. Investigations of tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in Spain. Int. Comm.

Conserv. Atl. Tunas, Rep. for the biennial peiod, 1970-71, Part II:

110-113.

Investigations conducted on the biology of the eastern Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus. Age determination based on analyses of the 4th

and 5th precaudal vertebrae resulted in estimated ages of 1-13 years.

Length-age table and von Bertalanffy growth parameters provided:

Optimum temperature requirments, spawning season, and tagging study

results summarized.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, length-age

table, von Bertalanffy growth parameters.

* * *
23

SAKAGAWA, G.T.

1975. The purse seine fishery for bluefin tuna in the northwestern

Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Fish. Rev. 37(3):1-8.

Historical account of the purse seine fishery for western Atlantic

bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, reviewed and fluctuation of the catch

discussed. Estimated ages assigned to purse seine catch data based on

previously published age and growth study indicated average age of

catches decreased from 3-6 year olds in 1960 to l-3 year olds in 1973.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, purse seine

catch, age composition.

* * *

SAKAGAIJA, G.T., and A.L. COAN.

1974. A review of some aspects of the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus

thynnus) fisheries of the Atlantic Ocean. Int. Comm. Conserv. Atl.

Tunas, Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., Madrid 2:259-313.

Status of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, population examined

based on analysis of catch-effort statistics of tuna catches from

fisheries of various countries caught during 1960-1971. Von

Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated in previously published growth

studies on bluefin tuna compared and discussed. Table of length and

'weight ranges for estimated apes 1-14+ years developed from selected

growth parameters. Ages assigned to size frequency data from the

various fisheries of each country. The accuracy of the catch

statistics, mortality estimates, recruitment estimates, and

recommendations for managing the resources discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, von Bertalanffy

growth parameters, age estimates.

* * *

SCHULTZE, D.L., and R.A. COLLINS.

1977. Age composition of California landings of bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, 1963 through 1969.

38:1-44.

Cal. Fish Game Mar. Res. Tech. Rep.

Estimates of ape for the California catches of Pacific bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus, determined based on the analysis of scales.

Methodology of collecting and staining scales given. Estimated ages of

1-6 years determined for bluefin tuna ranging in size from 53 cm to 165

cm (fork length). Age composition of tuna landed during the period

1963-1969 presented. Strength of year classes also discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus,

analysis,

eastern Pacific bluefin tuna, scale

age estimates.

* *
24

SELLA, M.

1930. Distribution and migration of the tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.)

studied by the methods of hooks and other observations. Int. Rev. d.

ges. Hydrob. u. Hydrogr. 24:446-466.

Investigations conducted on life history of eastern Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus. Detailed discussion of migration range and

movement of bluefin tuna based on identification of fish hooks.

Estimated ages of 1-14 years determined based on the examination of

vertebrae from 1500 specimens. Table of fork length (cm) and weight

(kg) for each estimated age given. Spawning season, feeding behavior,

environmental and habitat observations mentioned.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, vertebra,

ape estimates.

* * *

SELLA, M.

1931. The tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) of the western Atlantic -- an appea

to fishermen for the collection of hooks found in tuna fish. Int. Rev

d. ges. Hydrob. II. Hrdrogr. 25:46-67.

Description of the early fisheries and sizes of Atlantic bluefin tuna,

Thunnus thynnus, observed in coastal waters of the United States and

Canada. The size observations are compared to bluefin tuna caught in

the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Vertebra from a

29 pound bluefin tuna caught off Block Island, New York, estimated to

be 2 years old based on growth rings observed. Identification of young

tuna by year class (l-3 year olds) mentioned.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, vertebra,

age estimates.

* * *

SHINC-U, C.

1970. Studies relevant to distribution and migration of the southern

bluefin tuna. Bull. Far Seas Fish. Res. Lab. 3:57-113.

Historical account of the surface fisheries and distribution range

described for southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii. Von Bertalanffy

growth parameters presented based on analysis of length frequency data

from previously published study and tag recapture data. Calculated

length at each age for estimated ages 1-14 years presented and

comparison between two growth equations discussed. Catch statistics,

morphometric data, tagging records and oceanographic information

discussed.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, von Bertalanffy

growth parameters, length frequency, tagging data, age estimates.

* * *
25

SHINGU, C., and K. HISADA.

1971. Fluctuations in amount and age composition of catch of southern

bluefin tuna in longline fishery, 1957-1969. [In Jap., Eng. Sum.]

Bull. Far Seas Fish. Res. Lab. 5:195-218.

Historical description of the expansion of the Japanese longline

fishery for southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, in the coastal

waters of South Africa, the Indian Ocean, and southwest Pacific Ocean.

Estimated ages of 2.5-14.5 years calculated from previously published

sources are presented in table with average length (cm) and weight (kq)

for each age. Age composition of longline catch analyzed. Fluctuation

in age composition and changes in fishing effort mentioned.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, age estimates, age

composition.

* * *

TIEWS, K.

1960. Bestimmung des altersaufhaues des roten thunes (Thunnus thynnus

[Linnaeus]) in der Nordsee mit hilfe des allometrishen wachstums der

augenhohle. Arch. Fischerewiss 11(1):12-17.

Examines the relationship between eye diameter and fork length of 1,607

giant Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, caught in the North Sea.

The analysis resulted in three distinct modal groups corresponding to,

12, 13, and 14 years old based on estimated ages determined in

previously published studies.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, North Sea,

age estimates.

* * *

TIEWS, K.

1963. Synopsis of biological data on bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus

(Linnaeus) 1758 (Atlantic and Mediterranean). FAO Fish. Req.

6(1):422-481.

Review of life history investigations of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus. Age estimates indicated in previously published studies on

bluefin tuna compared and discussed. Maximum estimated age of 18 years

suggested for large specimens.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, Atlantic bluefin tuna, age estimates, life

history.

* * *

VILELA, H.

1960. Estudos sobre a bioloqia dos atuns em Portugal, 1958-1960. [In

Port , Eng. Summ.] Boletim da Pesca 69:11-34.
26

Life history investigation of eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, caught along the Portugese coast from 1958-1960. Age and

growth estimates determined based on the examination of the anterior

cone of precaudal vertebrae from 43 specimens 115-241 cm (fork length).

Estimated ages of 4-12 years determined and table of mean length for

each age constructed. Sex ratio, maturity, spawning, migration, and

age composition of catches also discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna, vertebra,

ape estimates.

* * *

WESTMAN, J.R , and P.W. GILBERT.

1941. Notes on age determination and growth of the Atlantic bluefin

tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). Copeia (1941)2:70-73.

Estimation of age and growth of western Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus

thynnus, presented based on analysis of scales from 85 specimens. Site

of scale sampling and methodology of preparing and examining scales

described. Estimated apes of 1-7 years determined and mean fork length

(in,) at ape calculated. Estimated age of 14 years indicated for

specimen weighing 345 pounds.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Atlantic bluefin tuna, scale, age

estimates.

* * *

YUKINAWA, M.

1970. Age and growth of southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii

(Castelnau) by use of scales. [In Jap., Eng. Syn.Bull. Far. Seas

Fish. Res. Lab. 33229-257.

Estimation of age and growth rate determined for southern bluefin tuna,

Thunnus maccoyii, caught during 1963-1968 in coastal waters of

Australia based on the analyses of scales, length frequency, and

tagging data. Scales from 1,025 specimens ranging in length 31-190 cm

(fork length) resulted in estimated ages l-9 years and compared with

results from length frequency analysis and tag-recovery data. Von

Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated and growth curve compared to

previously published growth study based on length frequency.

Regression analysis of scale radius to fish length presented and

results of back calculated fish length to age discussed.

Key words: Thunnus maccoyii, southern bluefin tuna, age estimates,

scales, von Bertalanffy parameters.

* * *
27

YUKINAWA, M., and Y. YABUTA.

1967. Age and growth of the bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus), in

the north Pacific Ocean. [In Jap., Eng. Abs.]Nankai Req. Fish. Res.

Lab. 25:1-19.

Ape and growth estimated for Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus,

caught in coastal waters of Japan during 1953-1963 based on scale

analysis. Methodology for collecting, preparing, and examining scales

given. Relationship of scale radias to fish length analyzed and

estimated ages of 1-8 years determined for 164 specimens 48-221 cm

(fork length). Von Bertalanffy growth parameters derived and

length-age table given. Growth model determined from scale analysis

compared to tagging study results and to growth models determined in

other studies on Pacific and Atlantic bluefin tuna. Time of year of

ring formation and spawning season discussed.

Key words: Thunnus thynnus, western Pacific bluefin tuna, scales, von

Bertalanffy parameters, age estimates.
SUBJECT INDEX
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