May 2015 

NASA/TM–2015-218707 

Air Traffic Management Technology 

Demostration — 1 Research and Procedural 

Testing of Routes 

Sara R. Wilson and Jennifer L. Kibler 

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 

Clay E. Hubbs 

National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 

James W. Smail 

Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Greenbelt, Maryland 
NASA STI Program . . . in Profile

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the 

advancement of aeronautics and space science. The 

NASA scientific and technical information (STI) 

program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain 

this important role. 

The NASA STI program operates under the auspices 

of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, 

organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates 

NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program provides access 

to the NTRS Registered and its public interface, the 

NASA Technical Reports Server, thus providing one 

of the largest collections of aeronautical and space 

science STI in the world. Results are published in both 

non-NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI 

Report Series, which includes the following report 

types: 

• TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of 

completed research or a major significant phase of 

research that present the results of NASA 

Programs and include extensive data or theoretical 

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deemed to be of continuing reference value. 

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professional papers but has less stringent 

limitations on manuscript length and extent of 

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• TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. 

Scientific and technical findings that are 

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e.g., quick release reports, working 

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annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. 

• CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and 

technical findings by NASA-sponsored 

contractors and grantees. 

• CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. 

Collected papers from scientific and technical 

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• SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, 

technical, or historical information from NASA 

programs, projects, and missions, often 

concerned with subjects having substantial 

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• TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. 

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NASA’s mission. 

Specialized services also include organizing 

and publishing research results, distributing 

specialized research announcements and feeds, 

providing information desk and personal search 

support, and enabling data exchange services. 

For more information about the NASA STI program, 

see the following: 

• Access the NASA STI program home page at 

http://www.sti.nasa.gov 

• E-mail your question to help@sti.nasa.gov 

• Phone the NASA STI Information Desk at 

757-864-9658 

• Write to: 

NASA STI Information Desk 

Mail Stop 148 

NASA Langley Research Center 

Hampton, VA 23681-2199 
National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Langley Research Center 

Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199 

May 2015 

NASA/TM–2015-218707 

Air Traffic Management Technology 

Demostration —1 Research and Procedural 

Testing of Routes 

Sara R. Wilson and Jennifer L. Kibler 

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 

Clay E. Hubbs 

National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 

James W. Smail 

Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Greenbelt, Maryland 
Available from: 

NASA STI Program / Mail Stop 148 

NASA Langley Research Center 

Hampton, VA 23681-2199 

Fax: 757-864-6500 

Acknowledgments 

The authors appreciate the support of the NASA Airspace Systems Program, Systems 

Analysis, Integration and Evaluation Project, and gratefully acknowledge the hard work 

and invaluable contributions of civil servants and contractors associated with the NASA 

Langley Research Center Crew Systems and Aviation Operations Branch, the NASA 

Langley Research Center Simulation Development and Analysis Branch, the NASA 

Ames Research Center Human Systems Integration Division, and the NASA Ames 

Research Center Aviation Systems Division. This experiment would not have been 

possible without their dedication. 

The use of trademarks or names of manufacturers in this report is for accurate reporting and does not constitute an 

official endorsement, either expressed or implied, of such products or manufacturers by the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration. 
i 

Abstract 

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1 Introduction 

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70

60

50

40

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20

10

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Spacing Error at the FAF - All Flights

Wind 01/10/11

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30

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Wind 06/12/11

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Wind 06/12/11

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50

40

30

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

50

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10

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50

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50

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50

40

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

50

40

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Appendix B: Experiment Schedule and Run Order 

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C.6 Arrival Interval Management Procedures 

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guidance. 

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C.7 Final Segment Interval Management Procedures 



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C.8 Amendment of Spacing Goal 

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C.9 Suspend and Resume 

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‘NASA 6, suspend interval spacing and slow 10 knots’

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C.10 Unable Spacing 

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C.11 Cancel Spacing 

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C.12 Alerts: Cautions, Advisory, and Memos 

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Appendix D: Pilot Post-Run Questionnaire 

1. What is your name? ________________________________ 



1DPHVZLOOEHUHPRYHGDQGUHSODFHGZLWKFRGHG,'QXPEHUV

2. Please select the scenario you just completed from the list below: 

x 7UDLQLQJ

x 6FHQDULR

x 6FHQDULR

x 6FHQDULR

x 6FHQDULR

3. Please select your role during the scenario you just completed from the list below: 

x 3LORW)O\LQJ

x 3LORW1RW)O\LQJ3LORW0RQLWRULQJ

4. Please select your role during the scenario you just completed from the list below: 

x &DSWDLQ

x )LUVW2IILFHU

5. What was your call sign during the previous run? 

x 1$6$

x 1$6$

x 1$6$

x 1$6$

6. Even though errors may be large or frequent, can instructed task be accomplished most 

of the time? 

x <HV

x 1R

7. [If pilot responded ‘Yes’ to Item 6] Are errors small and inconsequential? 

x <HV

x 1R

8. [If pilot responded ‘No’ to Item 7] Given that major deficiencies exist and system redesign 

is strongly recommended, please choose one of the following ratings: 

x 0DMRU GLIILFXOW\  PD[LPXP RSHUDWRU PHQWDO HIIRUW LV UHTXLUHG WR EULQJ HUURUV WR

PRGHUDWHOHYHO

x 0DMRU GLIILFXOW\  PD[LPXP RSHUDWRU PHQWDO HIIRUW LV UHTXLUHG WR DYRLG ODUJH RU

QXPHURXVHUURUV

x 0DMRU GLIILFXOW\LQWHQVH RSHUDWRUPHQWDO HIIRUWLV UHTXLUHGWR DFFRPSOLVKWDVN EXW

IUHTXHQWRUQXPHURXVHUURUVSHUVLVW


9. [If pilot responded ‘Yes’ to Item 7] Is mental workload level acceptable? 

x <HV

x 1R

10. [If pilot responded ‘No’ to Item 9] Given that mental workload is high and should be 

reduced, please choose one of the following ratings: 

x 0LQRUEXWDQQR\LQJGLIILFXOW\PRGHUDWHO\KLJKRSHUDWRUPHQWDOHIIRUWLVUHTXLUHGWR

DWWDLQDGHTXDWHV\VWHPSHUIRUPDQFH

x 0RGHUDWHO\REMHFWLRQDEOHGLIILFXOW\KLJKRSHUDWRUPHQWDOHIIRUWLVUHTXLUHGWRDWWDLQ

DGHTXDWHV\VWHPSHUIRUPDQFH

x 9HU\ REMHFWLRQDEOH EXW WROHUDEOH GLIILFXOW\  PD[LPXP RSHUDWRU PHQWDO HIIRUW LV

UHTXLUHGWRDWWDLQDGHTXDWHV\VWHPSHUIRUPDQFH

11. [If pilot responded ‘Yes’ to Item 9] Given that mental workload level was acceptable, 

please choose from one of the following: 

x 9HU\ HDV\  KLJKO\ GHVLUDEOH  RSHUDWRU PHQWDO HIIRUW LV PLQLPDO DQG GHVLUHG

SHUIRUPDQFHLVHDVLO\DWWDLQDEOH

x (DV\GHVLUDEOHRSHUDWRUPHQWDOHIIRUWLVORZDQGGHVLUHGSHUIRUPDQFHLVDWWDLQDEOH

x )DLUPLOGGLIILFXOW\DFFHSWDEOHRSHUDWRUPHQWDOHIIRUWLVUHTXLUHGWRDWWDLQDGHTXDWH

V\VWHPSHUIRUPDQFH


12. Follow the flow chart above to select the peak workload you experienced during each 

segment of flight during the scenario you just completed. Rating of your peak workload 

level: 

         

!IWFUXLVHLQLWLDOGHVFHQW ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

±GHVFHQWDSSURDFKFKHFN ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

±75$&21ORZDOWLWXGHPHUJH ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

ILQDODSSURDFKFRQILJXUHDLUFUDIW ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

 


13. Please rate the overall FIM acceptability during the scenario you just completed. 

 &RPSOHWHO\ &RPSOHWHO\

 8QDFFHSWDEOH $FFHSWDEOH

        

14. Please rate the FIM acceptability during each segment of flight during the scenario you 

just completed. 

 &RPSOHWHO\  0RGHUDWHO\  9HU\

 8QDFFHSWDEOH  $FFHSWDEOH  $FFHSWDEOH

    

!IWFUXLVHLQLWLDOGHVFHQW ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

±GHVFHQWDSSURDFKFKHFN ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

±75$&21ORZDOWLWXGHPHUJH ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

IWILQDODSSURDFKFRQILJXUHDLUFUDIW ○ ○ ○ ○ ○


15. Respond to each of the statements shown below using a scale ranging from “1” 

(Completely Disagree) to “7” (Completely Agree). 

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○ ○○○○○ ○

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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○


16. Did the procedures contain missing steps? 

x <HV

x 1R

17. Did the procedures contain extra steps that were unnecessary? 

x <HV

x 1R

18. Were the procedural steps logical and easy to follow? 

x <HV

x 1R

19. Please briefly explain any undesirable ratings from the statements above. 

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

20. Describe any unusual or unexpected event(s) and your reaction(s), if applicable. 

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

21. This space is reserved for any additional comments related to awareness and 

acceptability issues. If you have any clarifying comments or interesting observations 

related to awareness and acceptability issues, please provide them below. 

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

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Appendix E: Pilot Post-Experiment Questionnaire 

1. What is your name? ________________________________ 



1DPHVZLOOEHUHPRYHGDQGUHSODFHGZLWKFRGHG,'QXPEHUV

2. What was your call sign during the experiment? 

x 1$6$

x 1$6$

x 1$6$

x 1$6$

3. Was the workload required to operate the simulator much less than, the same as, or 

greater than the workload required to fly an actual aircraft?

0XFK

0RUH

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0RUH

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5HTXLUHG       

4. Please share your impressions of the flight scenarios (e.g. comment on their level of 

realism, appropriateness, and/or diversity) and comment on how the design of the 

scenarios impacted your ability to perform the spacing task: 

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

5. Did you receive adequate training with respect to flying the simulator? 

x <HV

x 1R,IQRWSOHDVHEULHIO\GHVFULEHKRZVLPXODWRUWUDLQLQJFDQEHLPSURYHG

0DNHDFRPPHQWRQ\RXUFKRLFHKHUH

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

 


6. Did you receive adequate training with respect to the IM spacing procedure and the 

spacing tool? 

x <HV

x 1R,IQRWSOHDVHEULHIO\GHVFULEHKRZ,0SURFHGXUHVRUVSDFLQJWRROWUDLQLQJFDQEH

LPSURYHG

0DNHDFRPPHQWRQ\RXUFKRLFHKHUH

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

7. Did you receive adequate training with respect to the entry and interpretation of 

information presented on the EFB?

x <HV

x 1R,IQRWSOHDVHEULHIO\GHVFULEHKRZ()%WUDLQLQJFDQEHLPSURYHG

0DNHDFRPPHQWRQ\RXUFKRLFHKHUH

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

8. Did you receive adequate training with respect to the interpretation of information 

presented on the CGD in the forward field of view?

x <HV

x 1R,IQRWSOHDVHEULHIO\GHVFULEHKRZ&*'WUDLQLQJFDQEHLPSURYHG

0DNHDFRPPHQWRQ\RXUFKRLFHKHUH

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB


Interval Management Procedures 

7KHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQVDUHLQWHQGHGWRJDWKHU\RXUIHHGEDFNDERXWWKHSURFHGXUHVXVHGIRUHDFK

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9. Were the procedures for terminating an IM operation complete, accurate, and logical?

x <HV

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0DNHDFRPPHQWRQ\RXUFKRLFHKHUH

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

10. Were the procedures for suspending and then resuming an IM operation complete, 

accurate, and logical? 

x <HV

x 1R3OHDVHSURYLGHDQ\VXJJHVWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHZD\VLQZKLFKWKHSURFHGXUHVIRU

VXVSHQGLQJWKH,0RSHUDWLRQPD\EHLPSURYHG

0DNHDFRPPHQWRQ\RXUFKRLFHKHUH

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

11. Were the procedures for amending the IM spacing goal complete, accurate, and logical?

x <HV

x 1R3OHDVHSURYLGHDQ\VXJJHVWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHZD\VLQZKLFKWKHSURFHGXUHVIRU

DPHQGLQJWKH,0VSDFLQJJRDOPD\EHLPSURYHG

0DNHDFRPPHQWRQ\RXUFKRLFHKHUH

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

 


12. Were the procedures for reacting to the loss of your lead aircraft’s ADS-B signal 

complete, accurate, and logical?

x <HV

x 1R3OHDVHSURYLGHDQ\VXJJHVWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHZD\VLQZKLFKWKHSURFHGXUHVIRU

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0DNHDFRPPHQWRQ\RXUFKRLFHKHUH

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

13. Were the general (nominal) IM procedures complete, accurate, and logical?

x <HV

x 1R3OHDVHDOVRSURYLGHDQ\VXJJHVWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHZD\VLQZKLFKWKHJHQHUDO,0

SURFHGXUHVPD\EHLPSURYHG

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14. Was the IM phraseology used in this experiment correct and intuitive?

x <HV

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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

15. How difficult do you think it would be for a typical crew to learn and integrate the IM 

spacing procedures into their current daily operational flight procedures? 

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16. Briefly describe any challenges involved with integrating the IM procedures with existing 

procedures. 

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17. Given the experience with IM that you gained during this simulation, what is your overall 

assessment of the safety of the spacing procedure compared with current day operations? 

(“Safety” in this question refers to your holistic opinion to include workload, awareness,

position relative to other aircraft, etc.) 

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18. In general, did you find the process of entering IM clearance information into the EFB 

easy and intuitive? 

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19. Did the CGD and EFB provide you with the information you needed/desired to safely 

and correctly conduct IM, and was this information easy to obtain when needed?

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20. Did following the IM commanded speed and procedure ever cause unexpected or 

undesired behavior? 

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x 1R

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21. Did you find the responsibility of using onboard automation to achieve a spacing interval 

behind a lead aircraft acceptable (when ATC is responsible for separation)?

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22. Did you find your level of engagement with the IM automation acceptable (i.e., the level 

of decision making ability you had, and your understanding of the reasoning behind IM 

speeds that were commanded)?

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23. Did the IM commanded speeds make sense? 

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24. Do you have any additional comments about the experiment? 

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Appendix F: Controller Post-Run Questionnaire 

1. What is your name? ________________________________ 



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2. Please select the scenario you just completed from the list below: 

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x 6FHQDULR

x 6FHQDULR

x 6FHQDULR

x 6FHQDULR

3. Which position did you work in this scenario? 

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x )LQDO1RUWK

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4. How mentally demanding was the task? 

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5. How hurried or rushed was the pace of the task? 

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6. How hard did you have to work to accomplish your level of performance? 

9HU\

/RZ

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7. How insecure, discourage, irritated, stressed, and annoyed were you? 

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/RZ

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8. How physically demanding was the task? 

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9. How successful were you in accomplishing what you were asked to do? 

*RRG 3RRU

      

10. Were the ATD-1 operations in this last run safe? 

x <HV

x 1R

11. [If controller responded ‘Yes’ to Item 10] Did the ATD-1 operations function adequately, 

so that you had a tolerable workload? 

x <HV

x 1R

12. [If controller responded ‘No’ to Item 11] Given that you think the ATD-1 operations were 

not adequate, were the operations controllable? 

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13. [If controller responded ‘Yes’ to Item 11] Are the ATD-1 operations satisfactory without 

improvement? 

x <HV

x 1R

14. [If controller responded ‘No’ to Item 13] How much, if at all, did you have to compensate 

for the tools to make the ATD-1 operations work? (In these situations “compensation” 

means how much did you have to work to counterbalance or offset less desirable actions 

from the tools?) 

x ([WHQVLYHFRPSHQVDWLRQUHTXLUHGWRPDLQWDLQDGHTXDWHSHUIRUPDQFH

x &RQVLGHUDEOHFRPSHQVDWLRQUHTXLUHGWRPDLQWDLQDGHTXDWHSHUIRUPDQFH

x 0RGHUDWHFRPSHQVDWLRQUHTXLUHGWRPDLQWDLQDGHTXDWHSHUIRUPDQFH

15. [If controller responded ‘Yes’ to Item 13] How close to a desired level of performance 

were the ATD-1 operations in this run? 

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x 0LQLPDOFRQWUROOHUFRPSHQVDWLRQUHTXLUHGWRUHDFKGHVLUHGSHUIRUPDQFH

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16. [If controller responded ‘No’ to Item 10] Please describe any events you saw in the last 

run that were unsafe. 

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17. Did you have any problems in this run? Please note why and which aircraft were the 

issue. 

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18. Did you have to maneuver any non-FIM aircraft to accommodate a FIM-equipped 

aircraft? Please note how many you had to move and describe why. 

x <HV

x 1R

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19. Did you have to change the way you worked to manage the FIM aircraft? 

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20. Did you encounter any problems as a result of the target aircraft arriving on a different 

route from its following FIM (self-spacing) aircraft? 

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21. How manageable was the size of the delay / advance that was required for your non-FIM 

(CMS) aircraft to meet the schedule? 

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22. [If controller responded ‘Center North (ZAB 36/43)’ or ‘Center North (ZAB 93/39)’ to 

Item 3] How manageable was the size of the delay / advance that was required for the 

FIM-equipped aircraft to meet the plus or minus 60 sec limit required to issue the FIM 

(self-spacing) clearance? 

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23. Which of these available tools did you actively use in the last run? 

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24. [If controller responded ‘Center North (ZAB 36/43)’ or Center North (ZAB 93/39)’ to 

Item 3] How useful were the CMS tools for managing the FIM aircraft? (e.g., giving you 

information about the FIM aircraft or helping you to space non-FIM aircraft around 

them.) 

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25. [If controller responded ‘Feeder North’ or ‘Final North’ to Item 3] How useful were the 

CMS tools for managing the FIM aircraft (e.g., giving you information about the FIM 

aircraft or helping you to space non-FIM aircraft around them.) 

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26. Did you issue any of the types of clearances listed below? Please note the aircraft call sign 

(if you can) as well as where and why you took this action in the box on the right. 

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27. Did you have to re-issue the IM clearance? If so, please note the ACID(s) and the 

reason(s) why. 

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28. How many vectoring maneuvers did you issue to FIM aircraft in this run? (A vector away 

from a route and a second vector back onto the route counts as one maneuver.) 

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29. In general, was the FIM pilot’s intent clear? (i.e., Did you have enough information about 

the status of the FIM operations?) 

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30. Did being responsible for maintaining safe / standard separation for FIM aircraft but not 

managing their spacing affect your monitoring load? 

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31. [If controller responded ‘Center North (ZAB 36/43)’ or Center North (ZAB 93/39)’ to 

Item 3] Please rate how accurately the FIM displays (S & ®) reflected the status of the 

FIM aircraft as they entered your sector. 

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32. [If controller responded ‘Center North (ZAB 36/43)’ or Center North (ZAB 93/39)’ to 

Item 3] Please rate how accurately the FIM displays (S & ®) reflected the status of the 

FIM aircraft as they left your sector. 

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33. If applicable, why was the status indicator inaccurate as the FIM aircraft left your sector? 

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34. Did having FIM aircraft change the amount of coordination you engaged in with the 

controllers upstream and downstream of you? 

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35. Was there anything that happened in this run that we forgot to ask about? What would 

you have liked to see happen differently, if anything? 

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Appendix G: Controller Post-Experiment Questionnaire 

1. What is your name? ________________________________ 



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2. Which position did you work in this scenario? 

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3. During which year did you retire?  

4. Which aircraft did you pay the most attention to during the experiment? Please note why 

this type of aircraft required more attention from you. 

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5. Did the speed profile that the FIM aircraft followed fit with your strategy for working 

the non-FIM equipped (RNAV) traffic? Why or why not? 

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6. If you had seen a FIM aircraft that was in IM spacing mode and you slowed its lead, what 

would you expect to see the FIM aircraft do? 

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7. What was your plan B if the FIM aircraft did not do as you expected in the example 

above? 

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8. To what degree did you accommodate the FIM aircraft? Please note why you selected 

this rating. 

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9. In what ways would you like to change the FIM operations / aircraft behavior, and why? 

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10. Did the winds in this simulation affect the behavior of the FIM aircraft or the FIM tools? 

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11. What impact did the wind variation have on the speed / time advisories and the 

information given by the tools? 

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12. Is there a wind condition that could be problematic for the FIM concept? 

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13. Please comment on your thoughts of the FIM aircraft sharing routes with the non-FIM 

equipped (RNAV) aircraft. 

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14. How did you handle your traffic as it crossed your merge point? 

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15. What information would you like to know about the lead aircraft? How would you like 

this information to be displayed? 

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16. What procedure would you suggest for coordination when the lead is in a different sector 

from the FIM aircraft? 

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17. [If controller responded ‘Center’ to Item 2] This simulation used a procedure where you 

conditioned the FIM traffic to be within a 60 second “window” of their meterfix STA 

before you engaged FIM spacing. Was this possible? If so, how successful was it? 

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18. How well did the FIM aircraft conditioning work for you? 

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19. How timely / appropriate was the reaction of the system to the speed adjustments of the 

self-spacing (FIM) aircraft? (e.g., When a self-spacing aircraft was flying at a faster speed 

than its target, how quickly did it adjust to a matching speed?) 

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20. In addition to standard separation, there is a 0.3 NM buffer. Was the 0.3 NM buffer 

adequate? Please explain. 

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21. [If controller responded ‘Feeder/Final’ to Item 2] Was the final approach fix the best 

point by which the FIM aircraft should achieve their spacing? 

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22. [If controller responded ‘Feeder/Final’ to Item 2] Was it clear whether the FIM aircraft 

were going to meet their time at final approach fix targets? 

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23. [If controller responded ‘Feeder/Final’ to Item 2] Did you modify where you handed off 

your aircraft to the Tower with the final approach fix as the FIM achieve-by point? Was 

it earlier or later than you would have normally made the handoff at PHX? 

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24. Was the transfer of spacing responsibility from you (controller) to the FIM aircraft, and 

back, clear? 

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25. When FIM aircraft were in your sector, how acceptable was it for you to be responsible 

for maintaining safe / standard separation between these aircraft (but not managing their 

spacing)? 

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26. How would you change flight deck interval management (FIM) to be most helpful to a 

controller? 

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27. Do you think the phraseology you used during the experiment was satisfactory? Please 

refer to the phraseology sheet for exact clearance.

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28. Can you suggest changing the phraseology of the FIM clearances in any way to make 

them more clear and / or concise? 

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29. [If controller responded ‘Feeder/Final’ to Item 2] What did you think of the check in by 

the FIM aircraft? How could it be made more concise? Did it give you enough 

information? 

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30. Was the use of the FIM status symbology useful? 

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31. When FIM operations were involved, were coordination requirements different? If so, 

did you have to coordinate more or less? 

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32. Could you have worked the FIM aircraft under current day / baseline conditions, i.e., 

without CMS tools? 

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33. Were there any tips about managing FIM aircraft that you discovered for yourself that 

should be built into training for future studies? 

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34. Please rate the usability of the following tools for working the FIM aircraft. “Usability” 

is how logical the functions and button presses associated with the tools are. 

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35. Please rate the usability of the following tools for working the FIM aircraft. “Usability” 

is how logical the functions and button presses associated with the tools are. 

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36. How confident were you that the controller tools and FIM tools were providing accurate 

information? 

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37. What information should the tools have provided to you that they did not? Please 

consider information presented on your visual display and via voice. 

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38. [If controller responded ‘Feeder/Final’ to Item 2] Do you think you could have given 

fewer speed corrections to keep the aircraft in their spacing “slots”?

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39. Is there something that we didn’t ask above that you would like to comment on? Please 

note this, or anything you observed in the runs this week that you’d like us to know about.

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved

OMB No. 0704-0188

2. REPORT TYPE 

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5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

 6. AUTHOR(S)

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 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

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10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)

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13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

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14. ABSTRACT

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15. SUBJECT TERMS

$LUWUDIILFFRQWURO&RFNSLWGLVSOD\V,QWHUYDOPDQDJHPHQW

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