U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5216

Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission and the North Dakota 

Department of Health

Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling 

Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008
Cover photograph. Short Creek (a tributary to the Souris River) below the International Boundary near Roche Percee, 

Saskatchewan (photograph by Laurel Cottengaim, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008).
Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics 

and Sampling Design for Streams in North 

Dakota, 1970–2008

By Joel M. Galloway, Aldo V. Vecchia, Kevin C. Vining, Brenda K. Densmore, and 

Robert F. Lundgren

Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission and the 

North Dakota Department of Health

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5216

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012

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Suggested citation:

Galloway, J.M., Vecchia, A.V., Vining, K.C., Densmore, B.K., and Lundgren, R.F., 2012, Evaluation of water-quality characteristics and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5216, 304 p.
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................5

Methods...........................................................................................................................................................5

Site Selection and Water-Quality Data Screening..........................................................................5

Descriptive Statistics .........................................................................................................................14

Load and Yield Estimation..................................................................................................................15

Trend Analysis .....................................................................................................................................15

Sample Network Design....................................................................................................................17

Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents .................................................................................17

Major Ions and Total Dissolved Solids ............................................................................................17

Nutrients...............................................................................................................................................18

Trace Metals........................................................................................................................................22

Suspended Sediment and Suspended Solids ................................................................................30

Yields of Selected Constituents.................................................................................................................36

Sulfate and Total Dissolved Solids...................................................................................................36

Nutrients...............................................................................................................................................36

Suspended Sediment .........................................................................................................................46

Water-Quality Trend Analysis ....................................................................................................................51

Sulfate and Total Dissolved Solids...................................................................................................51

Nitrate plus Nitrite and Total Phosphorus ......................................................................................52

Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads..........................................................61

Spatial Distribution of Sampling Sites.............................................................................................61

Sample Frequency for Detection of Seasonal Trends ..................................................................70

Sample Frequency for Estimation of Constituent Loads ..............................................................77

Overview of Potential Network ........................................................................................................78

Summary........................................................................................................................................................81

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................83

Appendix 1. Summary statistics for constituents and field measurements at selected 

sites in North Dakota .....................................................................................................................85

Appendix 2. Weighted regression methods for relating flow and concentration 

differences.....................................................................................................................................299

Appendix 3. Water quality data used in this report..............................................................................303
iv

Figures

1. Map showing selected stream water-quality sample collection sites in North

Dakota, 1970–2008 ........................................................................................................................4

2. Map showing spatial distribution of median sulfate concentrations, in milligrams

per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record, spring

(March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November

through February). ......................................................................................................................19

3. Map showing spatial distribution of median chloride concentrations, in milligrams

per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record, spring

(March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November

through February).......................................................................................................................20

4. Map showing spatial distribution of median total dissolved solids concentrations,

in milligrams per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of

record, spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter

(November through February)..................................................................................................21

5. Map showing spatial distribution of median ammonia concentrations (total and

dissolved), in milligrams per liter as nitrogen, for selected stream sites in North

Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June),

summer (July through October), and winter (November through February)....................23

6. Map showing spatial distribution of median nitrate plus nitrite concentrations (total

and dissolved), in milligrams per liter as nitrogen, for selected stream sites in North

Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June),

summer (July through October), and winter (November through February)....................24

7. Map showing spatial distribution of median dissolved phosphorus concentrations,

in milligrams per liter as phosphorus, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for

the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer

(July through October), and winter (November through February) ...................................25

8. Map showing spatial distribution of median total phosphorus concentrations, in

milligrams per liter as phosphorus, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for

the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer

(July through October), and winter (November through February) ...................................26

9. Map showing spatial distribution of median dissolved organic carbon

concentrations, in milligrams per liter as carbon, for selected stream sites in North

Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June),

summer (July through October), and winter (November through February)....................27

10. Map showing spatial distribution of median total organic carbon concentrations, in

milligrams per liter as carbon, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the

period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July

through October), and winter (November through February).............................................28

11. Map showing spatial distribution of median total aluminum concentrations, in

micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of

record (1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through

October), and winter (November through February)............................................................29

12. Map showing spatial distribution of median total arsenic concentrations, in

micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of

record (1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through

October), and winter (November through February)............................................................31
v

13. Map showing spatial distribution of median total chromium concentrations, in

micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of 

record (1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through 

October), and winter (November through February)............................................................32

14. Map showing spatial distribution of median total iron concentrations, in

micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of

record (1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through

October), and winter (November through February)............................................................33

15. Map showing spatial distribution of median total lead concentrations, in

micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of

record (1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through

October), and winter (November through February)............................................................34

16. Map showing spatial distribution of median total nickel concentrations, in

micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of

record (1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through

October), and winter (November through February)............................................................35

17. Map showing spatial distribution of suspended-sediment concentrations, in

milligrams per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of

record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through

October), and winter (November through February)............................................................37

18. Map showing spatial distribution of total suspended-solids concentrations, in

milligrams per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of

record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through

October), and winter (November through February)............................................................38

19. Map showing spatial distribution of normalized annual sulfate and total dissolved

solids yields for selected stream sites in North Dakota.......................................................47

20. Map showing spatial distribution of normalized annual nitrogen and phosphorus

yields for selected stream sites in North Dakota ..................................................................50

21. Map showing spatial distribution of normalized annual total organic carbon yields

for selected stream sites in North Dakota..............................................................................51

22. Map showing spatial distribution of normalized annual suspended-sediment yields

for selected stream sites in North Dakota..............................................................................52

23. Graphs showing measured sulfate concentrations and fitted annual median

concentrations from 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota.....................54

24. Graphs showing standardized sulfate concentrations and fitted trends for 1975

through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota ...................................................................55

25. Graphs showing measured total dissolved solids concentrations and fitted annual

median concentrations for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota..........56

26. Graphs showing standardized total dissolved solids concentrations and fitted

trends for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota........................................57

27. Graphs showing measured nitrate plus nitrite concentrations and fitted annual

median concentrations for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota..........58

28. Graphs showing standardized nitrate plus nitrite concentrations and fitted trends

for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota....................................................59

29. Graphs showing measured total phosphorus concentrations and fitted annual

median concentrations for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota..........60

30. Graphs showing standardized total phosphorus concentrations and fitted trends

for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota....................................................62
vi

31. Graphs showing relation between streamflow differences and sulfate

concentration difference s for selected sites in North Dakota ..........................................66

32. Graphs showing relation between streamflow differences and total phosphorus

concentration differences for selected sites in North Dakota ...........................................66

33. Map showing potential spatial water-quality network design for North Dakota ............68

34. Graphs showing characteristic seasonal trends for selected sampling designs for

sulfate at selected sites in North Dakota ...............................................................................72

35. Graphs showing characteristic seasonal trends for selected sampling designs for

total dissolved solids at selected sites in North Dakota......................................................73

36. Graphs showing characteristic seasonal trends for selected sampling designs for

nitrate plus nitrite at selected sites in North Dakota............................................................74

37. Graphs showing characteristic seasonal trends for selected sampling designs for

total phosphorus at selected sites in North Dakota .............................................................75

38. Graphs showing efficiency of sample designs for load estimation in terms of

standardized difference between the average of log-transformed flows for the

calibration dataset and log-transformed flows for the full dataset for 5-year moving

windows. .....................................................................................................................................79

39. Graphs showing efficiency of sample designs for load estimation in terms of ratio

between the standard deviation of log-transformed flows for the calibration

dataset and the standard deviation of log-transformed flows for the full dataset for

5-year moving windows.............................................................................................................80

Appendix Figures

2–1. Graphs showing weighted linear regression model for mean relative differences

 in streamflow and the logarithm of mean relative differences in sulfate 

concentration ............................................................................................................................300

2–2. Graphs showing partially weighted residuals from the weighted regression 

model for sulfate and sample size used to compute mean relative streamflow 

and concentration differences. SD is the standard deviation of the partially 

weighted residuals as a function of sample size ................................................................300

2–3. Graphs showing partially weighted residuals from the weighted regression model 

for sulfate and mean relative streamflow differences. SD is the standard deviation 

of the partially weighted residuals as a function of the mean absolute difference 

between downstream and upstream flow............................................................................301

2–4. Graphs showing weighted linear regression model for mean relative differences 

in streamflow and the logarithm of mean relative differences in sulfate 

concentration, standardized to a sample size of n=40 .......................................................301
vii

Tables

1. Selected stream water-quality sites for North Dakota from 1970 through 2008 ................6

2. Water-quality constituents and measurements selected for sites in North Dakota

from 1970 through 2008 ..............................................................................................................13

3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in

North Dakota from 1970 through 2008 .....................................................................................39

4. Estimated normalized annual loads and yields for selected sites and water-quality

constituents in North Dakota....................................................................................................48

5. Fitted trends for selected standardized constituent concentrations at selected sites

in North Dakota. .........................................................................................................................53

6. Current and potential state-wide water-quality sampling network for North Dakota ....63

7. Summary of potential state-wide water-quality sampling network for North Dakota....81

Appendix Tables

1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota

from 1970 through 2008 ..............................................................................................................86

1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from

1970 through 2008 .....................................................................................................................154

1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota

from 1993 through 2008 ............................................................................................................181

1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended

sediment at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008...............................216

1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in

North Dakota from 1970 through 2008 ...................................................................................249
viii

Conversion Factors and Datums

Multiply By To obtain

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Area

acre 4,047 square meter (m2)

square foot (ft2) 0.09290 square meter (m2)

square inch (in2) 6.452 square centimeter (cm2)

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) 

Volume

cubic foot (ft3) 0.02832 cubic meter (m2) 

cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

Mass

pound, avoirdupois (lb) 0.4536 kilogram (kg) 

pounds per year per square mile 

(lbs/yr/mi2)

kilograms per year per square 

kilometer

ton, short (2,000 lb) 0.9072 megagram (mg) 

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

 °F=(1.8×°C)+32

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 

88)

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83)

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 

25°C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) 

or micrograms per liter (μg/L).
Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling 

Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

By Joel M. Galloway, Aldo V. Vecchia, Kevin C. Vining, Brenda K. Densmore, and Robert F. Lundgren

Abstract

In response to the need to examine the large amount of 

historic water-quality data comprehensively across North 

Dakota and evaluate the efficiency of the State-wide sampling 

programs, a study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey 

in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission and the North Dakota Department of Health to describe 

the water-quality data collected for the various programs and 

determine an efficient State-wide sampling design for monitoring future water-quality conditions. Although data collected 

for the North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low 

Sampling Program, the North Dakota Department of Health 

Ambient Water-Quality Network, and other projects and programs provide valuable information on the quality of water in 

streams in North Dakota, the objectives vary among the programs, some of the programs overlap spatially and temporally, 

and the various sampling designs may not be the most efficient 

or relevant to the objectives of the individual programs as they 

have changed through time. 

Median concentrations of water-quality constituents at 

sampling locations in North Dakota were determined for the 

period of record. In general, median sulfate concentrations 

tended to be higher in the southwest part of the State compared to the northeast part of North Dakota in the Red River 

of the North Basin. Median chloride concentrations tended 

to be lower in the southwest and higher in the northeast parts 

of the State, nearly the opposite of the pattern seen in median 

sulfate concentrations. In general, median total dissolved solid 

concentrations tended to be lower for sites in the Red River of 

the North, Souris River, and James River Basins compared to 

sites in southwest North Dakota. 

In general, overall median ammonia concentrations were 

spatially variable across the State. The highest overall median 

nitrate plus nitrite concentrations tended to occur in the Red 

River of the North Basin. Median dissolved and total phosphorus concentrations across North Dakota generally were 

higher for the Red, Souris, and James River Basins than river 

basins in the southwest part of the State. Median dissolved and 

total organic carbon concentrations tended to be the lowest at 

sites located in the eastern part of the State compared to sites 

throughout the remainder of the State.

Median total aluminum concentrations generally were 

higher in samples from sites in the southern and eastern parts 

of the State compared to other parts of the State. Median total 

arsenic concentrations in North Dakota were the lowest mostly 

in the southwestern parts of the State, and highest mostly in 

the eastern parts of the State. Median total chromium concentrations across North Dakota generally were higher in the far 

eastern and western areas of the State. Median total iron concentrations in North Dakota were lowest in the Souris, Sheyenne, and James River Basins compared to sites in other parts 

of North Dakota. Median total lead concentrations were highest at sites scattered across North Dakota. Median total nickel 

concentrations were higher at a few sites in the southwest and 

eastern parts of North Dakota compared to other sites. Median 

suspended-sediment concentrations and total suspended solids 

in water samples obtained across North Dakota were higher 

at sites located in parts of southwestern and eastern North 

Dakota compared to sites located in other areas of the State.

Normalized annual loads and yields were estimated for 

selected constituents at 34 sites across North Dakota. Normalized annual sulfate yields ranged from 9,250 to 56,200 pounds 

per year per square mile in the Missouri River Basin and from 

4,680 to 72,500 pounds per year per square mile in the Red 

River of the North Basin. Total dissolved solids yields ranged 

from 30,400 to 119,000 pounds per year per square mile in 

the Missouri River Basin and from 13,000 to 169,000 pounds 

per year per square mile in the Red River of the North Basin. 

Nitrate plus nitrite yields ranged from 24 to 120 pounds per 

year per square mile as nitrogen in the Missouri River Basin 

and from 2 to 1,260 pounds per year per square mile as nitrogen in the Red River of the North Basin. Normalized annual 

total phosphorus yields ranged from less than 1 to 167 pounds 

per year per square mile as phosphorus in the Missouri River 

Basin and from 6 to 76 pounds per year per square mile as 

phosphorus in the Red River of the North Basin. Suspendedsediment yields ranged from 519 to 622,000 pounds per year 

per square mile in the Missouri River Basin and from 1,500 to 

78,800 pounds per year per square mile in the Red River of the 

North Basin.

Ten sites were selected for trend analysis for sulfate, 

total dissolved solids, nitrate plus nitrite, and total phosphorus. The fitted trends for standardized sulfate concentrations 

indicated significant increases in concentration at five sites and 
2 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

a significant decrease in concentration at one site from 1975 

through 2008. Median standardized sulfate concentrations 

increased from about 55 to 106 milligrams per liter for the 

Red River of the North at Grand Forks, North Dakota, 262 to 

308 milligrams per liter for the Souris River near Sherwood, 

North Dakota, 455 to 506 milligrams per liter for Spring 

Creek at Zap, North Dakota, 440 to 520 milligrams per liter 

for the Knife River at Hazen, North Dakota, and 380 to 435 

milligrams per liter for the Heart River near Mandan, North 

Dakota. The fitted trend for the Little Missouri River near 

Watford City, North Dakota indicated a decrease in median 

standardized concentration from about 492 to 417 milligrams 

per liter. The fitted trends for standardized total dissolved solid 

concentrations indicated significant increases in concentration at five sites from 1975 through 2008, including the Heart 

River near Mandan, North Dakota, Knife River at Hazen, 

North Dakota, Spring Creek at Zap, North Dakota, and the 

Red River of the North at Grand Forks, North Dakota. The 

greatest increase in median standardized total dissolved solid 

concentrations was detected for the Wild Rice River near 

Abercrombie, North Dakota, where median concentrations 

increased from about 690 to 1,120 milligrams per liter from 

1975 through 2008. 

The fitted trends for standardized nitrate plus nitrite concentrations indicated no significant increases or decreases in 

concentration for 7 of the 8 sites analyzed for trends; however, 

median standardized nitrate plus nitrite concentrations for 

the Red River of the North near Grand Forks, North Dakota 

increased from about 0.26 to 0.45 milligrams per liter as nitrogen during 1990 to 2008. The fitted trends for standardized 

total phosphorus concentrations indicated significant decreases 

in concentration at 4 sites and a significant increase at 1 out of 

the 10 sites analyzed for trends. All of the significant decreases 

were for sites in western North Dakota, including decreases 

in median standardized total phosphorus concentration for the 

Cannonball River at Breien, North Dakota, Heart River near 

Mandan, North Dakota, Knife River at Hazen, North Dakota, 

and Spring Creek at Zap, North Dakota. Conversely, median 

standardized total phosphorus concentrations for the Red 

River of the North at Grand Forks, North Dakota increased 

from about 0.10 to 0.16 milligrams per liter from 1990 through 

2008. 

One objective of a State-wide sampling program was to 

evaluate ways to describe the spatial variability of water-quality conditions across the State in the most efficient manner. 

Weighted least-squares regression analysis was used to relate 

the average absolute difference between paired downstream 

and upstream concentrations, expressed as a percent of the 

average downstream concentration, to the average absolute 

difference in daily flow between the downstream and upstream 

pairs, expressed as a percent of the average downstream 

flow. The analysis showed that a reasonable spatial network 

would consist of including the most downstream sites in large 

basins first, followed by the next upstream site(s) that roughly 

bisect the downstream flows at the first sites, followed by the 

next upstream site(s) that roughly bisect flows for the second 

sites. Sampling sites to be included in a potential State-wide 

network were prioritized into 3 design levels: level 1 (highest 

priority), level 2 (second priority), and level 3 (third priority). The level-1 sites included most of the 34 active Ambient 

Water-Quality Network sites plus two additional Canadian/

U.S. border sites in the Souris River Basin. The level-2 sites 

were selected from among the active High-Low Sampling 

Program sites to fill major gaps in coverage of the level-1 sites 

while minimizing redundancy of the network. The level-2 sites 

generally were well upstream of the level-1 sites or on large 

tributaries with no level-1 sites. The level-3 sites were selected 

from among active High-Low Sampling Program sites to fill 

gaps in coverage remaining after inclusion of the level-1 and 

level-2 sites. The level-3 sites generally were on smaller tributaries with no level-1 or level-2 sites or in larger basins well 

upstream of the level-1 or level-2 sites. In all, the potential 

network consists of 81 sites, with 34 level-1 sites, 21 level-2 

sites, and 26 level-3 sites. 

Given the spatial distribution and priority designation 

(levels 1–3) of sites in the potential spatial network, the next 

consideration was to determine the appropriate temporal 

sampling frequency to use for monitoring future water-quality 

conditions. The time-series model used to detect concentration trends for this report also was used to evaluate sampling 

designs to monitor future water-quality trends. Sampling 

designs were evaluated with regard to their sensitivity to detect 

seasonal trends that occurred during three 4-month seasons—

March through June, July through October, and November 

through February. Unlike sample designs for detecting trends 

that are targeting flow-adjusted concentration through time, 

sample designs for the estimation of constituent loads should 

focus on the main contributing factor that can affect the annual 

load, which are changes in concentration with streamflow. 

For the 34 level-1 sites, samples would be collected for 

major ions, trace metals, nutrients, bacteria, and sediment 

eight times per year, with samples in January, April (2 samples), May, June, July, August, and October. For the 21 level-2 

sites, samples would be collected for major ions, trace metals, 

and nutrients six times per year (January, April, May, June, 

August, and October), and for the 26 level-3 sites, samples 

would be collected for these constituents four times per year 

(April, June, August, and October). 

Introduction

Various agencies have conducted water-quality sampling 

programs and projects for streams in North Dakota for numerous years for several purposes. Various programs and projects 

have different sampling designs, different selected waterquality constituents, and different laboratories that completed 

the sample analyses based on the program objectives. Some of 

the data from these programs have been used for regulation of 

water-quality standards, some have been described in numerous reports with different objectives, and some of the data 
Introduction 3

have not been evaluated at all. Two of the major programs that 

have provided a large amount of data across North Dakota are 

the North Dakota State Water Commission (NDSWC) HighLow Flow Sampling Program (HLSP) and the North Dakota 

Department of Health (NDDH) Ambient Water-Quality Network (hereafter referred to as ambient network)(fig. 1).

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation 

with the NDSWC, currently (2010) collects 162 water-quality 

samples per year at 81 HLSP sites throughout North Dakota 

(fig. 1). Some of these HLSP sites are colocated with sites 

that are sampled as part of other sampling programs described 

later. The program began in the late 1960s with collecting 

samples every time a streamflow measurement was made or 

approximately monthly at about 12–15 stations throughout the 

state. These stations were rotated to obtain data from across 

North Dakota. The purpose was to begin collecting enough 

water-quality information to help understand the water quality of North Dakota streams. Monthly sampling ended about 

1971. In 1972, a water-quality program was started in which 

water samples were collected at most of the streamflow-gaging stations that did not have another water-quality sampling 

program. This program, which started with only one sample 

at each gaging station in 1972, evolved to the current program 

(2010) that consists of collecting two samples each year—one 

during high-flow conditions, which is usually during snowmelt 

runoff (March through May), and one during low-flow conditions, which is usually during middle to late summer (August 

through October). The NDSWC laboratory in Bismarck, 

N. Dak. analyzed HLSP samples until June 2003 when the 

laboratory closed, and the NDDH laboratory in Bismarck, 

N. Dak. began analyzing the samples after that time. Samples 

collected for the HLSP are analyzed for major ions and 

selected trace metals.

NDSWC water-resource managers have indicated the 

HLSP data are used to make management decisions that 

were never anticipated when the HLSP began; however, 

after 35 years of sampling program operation, the NDSWC 

recognize that the goals, objectives, and uses of the data need 

to be more clearly identified and prioritized. For example, the 

temporal and spatial distribution of the 162 samples that are 

currently (2010) collected per year would probably include 

different sites and temporal allocation if the emphasis is on 

evaluating time trends or estimating loads rather than characterizing concentrations during high- or low-flow conditions.

Currently, in 2010, the NDDH ambient network consists of 34 monitoring stations located on 19 rivers (fig. 1). 

Samples are collected by the NDDH at 26 sites and by the 

USGS at eight sites. The primary purpose of this network 

was to provide data for trend analysis, general water-quality 

characterization, determination of compliance of water-quality 

standards, and pollutant loading calculations. Samples are analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace metals, total suspended 

solids, total and dissolved organic carbon, and fecal indicator bacteria by the NDDH Laboratory in Bismarck, N. Dak. 

Early water-quality data collection by the NDDH began in 

the 1960’s with a statewide monitoring program consisting 

of a network of stations that were located immediately below 

point source discharges or near the confluences of major rivers 

(North Dakota Department of Health, 2005). The primary purpose of the historic monitoring program was to assess the general chemical character of the state’s rivers and streams and, to 

the extent practical, assess point source discharge compliance 

with state water-quality standards. In 1972, Congress passed 

the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, commonly referred 

to as the Clean Water Act (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1972) that directed States to submit biennial reports 

to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and 

Congress that includes a comprehensive water-quality assessment [305(b) report] and listing of water-quality impaired 

(degraded) streams or stream segments [303(d) report] within 

the States (Pope and others, 2004). In response to the provisions of the Clean Water Act, states established, modified, 

or enhanced their ambient stream-water-quality monitoring 

networks to provide the data necessary to assess stream water 

quality relative to state-established water-quality standards. By 

1993, the NDDH had a monitoring network that included 61 

ambient monitoring stations on 31 rivers and streams. Through 

time, as budgetary considerations and program needs changed, 

the program was reduced to the current (2010) network of 34 

stations (fig. 1). Ambient network stations that are not currently active are designated as “other” in figure 1.

In 2010, the frequency of sampling for the NDDH ambient network was eight samples collected from each station 

per year (4 during April–June, 3 during July–October, and 

1 during November–March). This design was selected for 

estimating average annual loads during a 5- to 10-year period 

(NDDH, 2005); however, the data have not been fully evaluated to determine if they provide an efficient design for estimating average annual loads or monitoring long-term trends. 

The USGS has maintained other long-term stream 

sampling networks in North Dakota, particularly in the Souris 

and James River Basins. The USGS, in cooperation with U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers and the City of Minot, have sampled 

as many as five sites on the Souris River (sites 82, 83, 85, 

87, and 98 on fig. 1), two of which have a complete period 

of record from 1972 through present (2010). Two of the sites 

(Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. and near Westhope, 

N. Dak.; sites 82 and 98 on fig. 1) are located near the U.S.–

Canada border and are maintained as part of the International 

Souris River Board mandate to monitor aquatic ecosystem 

health at the International border (International Souris River 

Board, 2009). Samples are currently collected seven times 

per year at three sites (Souris River near Sherwood, Minot, 

and Verendrye, N. Dak.; sites 82, 85, and 87 on fig. 1) and 

are analyzed for nutrient, major ion, and trace-metal constituents. Although USGS discontinued sampling the Souris River 

near Westhope, N. Dak. in 1995, Environment Canada has 

continued sampling that site eight times per year. Two sites 

have been sampled by the USGS in cooperation with the U.S. 

Bureau of Reclamation on the James River and the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge as part of its refuge-monitoring program and as part of an environmental impact statement 
4 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

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27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40 41

42

43

45

44

47

48 50

51

52

53

55

56 57

58

60 61 62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70 71 72

73

74

75

76

79 78 80 81 82

83

84

85

86

87

88

90

89

91

92

93

95

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96

97

98

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102

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112

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116117

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120

119

121 122

123

124 125

126

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128 129

130

131

132

133134

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146

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149

150

151

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153

154

155 156

157

158

159

160

161 162 163

164

165

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167

168 169

170

171

172 173

174

175 176

177

178

179 180

181

182

183

184

185

186

59

54

49

46

19

23

97° 98° 99° 100° 101° 102° 103° 104°

49°48°47°46°

0 30 60 MILES 150 30 60 KILOMETERS 15

tti L el

Muddy

R

Creek

Cedar

Beav e r Cr

Heart

vi R er

Litt el

R

iruossi M

iver

River

Spring Creek

Knife R

Souris

Deep

River

Maple

Pipestem

Cr

River

James

James

Baldhill Cr

River

Maple River Wild Rice Ri v er

Rush R

l E m River

Goose R

Turtle

River

Forest

Park

River

Tongue R vi er R.

Devils

 Lake

Red

R vi er

of the North

Spring

Cr.

River

Cannonball R

 Lake

Sakakawea

Missouri

Lake

Oahe

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projectionZone 14

MONTANA MINNESOTA

NORTH DAKOTA

SOUTH DAKOTA

SASKATCHEWAN MANITOBA

Mauvais CouleeStarkweather Coulee

EXPLANATION

Green River

Long Lake Cr

Sheyenne

P

me b ni a

Regional divide

High-low sites

High-low/other sitesOther sites 7

83

5

Ambient sitesAmbient/other sites

Ambient/high-low sites 17

85

37

Water-quality sampling network and map identification number—Ambient refers to the North Dakota Department of Health Ambient 

Water-Quality Network. High-low refers to the North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low Flow Sampling Program

Minnesota Basin

James Basin

Lower Yellowstone Basin

Missouri—Little Missouri BasinMissouri—Oahe BasinMissouri—Poplar Basin

Upper Mississippi region

Missouri region Souris-Red-Rainy region

Devils Lake SubbasinRed River of the North Basin

Souris Basin

A

Basin boundary

p l p e C er ke

R

River

Sour si R

20

Figure 1. Selected stream water-quality sample collection sites in North Dakota, 1970–2008.
Methods 5

commitment for various periods between 1987 and present 

(2010) (Ryberg and Hiemenz, 2009) (sites 177 and 179 on 

fig. 1). Currently (2010), samples are collected at the two sites 

five times per year and are analyzed for nutrients, major ions, 

and suspended-sediment concentration.

Although data collected for the NDSWC HLSP, NDDH 

ambient network, and other projects and programs provide 

valuable information on the quality of water in streams of the 

State, the objectives vary among the programs; some of the 

programs overlap spatially and temporally, and the various 

sampling designs may not be the most efficient or relevant to 

the objectives of the individual programs as they have changed 

through time. In response to the need to comprehensively 

examine the large amount of historic water-quality data across 

North Dakota and evaluate the efficiency of the State-wide 

sampling program, a study was conducted by the USGS in 

cooperation with the NDSWC and the NDDH to describe 

the water-quality data collected for the various programs and 

determine an efficient State-wide sampling design for monitoring future water-quality conditions. 

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this report is to provide descriptive statistics and graphical summaries of water-quality data from sites 

throughout the State, determine annual loads and yields and 

trends in concentration for selected constituents and sites with 

sufficient concentration and streamflow data, and determine 

an efficient potential State-wide network sampling design 

for monitoring future water-quality conditions. All data from 

streams throughout North Dakota collected as part of various NDDH, NDSWC, and USGS water-quality programs and 

projects from 1970 to 2008 were evaluated. For most constituents, data from the entire historical period (1970–2008) were 

used in the evaluations, however, trace-metal data collected 

before 1993 were not included. 

Methods

This section describes the methods used for site selection, 

water-quality data preparation, computation of descriptive 

statistics, load and yield estimation, trend analysis, and sampling design analysis. Water-quality and streamflow data for 

North Dakota were obtained from the USGS National Water 

Information System (NWIS) database (http://nwis.waterdata.

usgs.gov/nd/nwis/), the USEPA STORET database (http://

www.epa.gov/storet/dw_home.html), and electronic files from 

the NDDH (Joe Gross, North Dakota Department of Health, 

written commun., 2010).

Site Selection and Water-Quality Data 

Screening

Water-quality data from the various databases were 

screened to develop a data set that could be used to describe 

water-quality conditions across North Dakota in terms of 

spatial and temporal variability. Data from 1970 through 2008 

were initially considered for all monitored constituents except 

for trace metals. Only trace-metal data collected from 1993 

through 2008 were considered for this report because there 

were substantial changes in sample collection and analysis 

methods for trace metals beginning in 1993 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1992 and 1993). The first level of site selection 

involved removing sites that had fewer than 10 samples for all 

of the constituents, which resulted in 186 sites across North 

Dakota available for evaluation (fig. 1 and table 1). Site selection criteria for determining loads and trends are described 

below. 

Water-quality data were screened by eliminating certain 

constituents with large ranges of laboratory detection limits, 

highly variable field collection, and variable laboratory analysis methods that prevented comparability between data sets 

and the computation of descriptive statistics and other analyses. Some of these constituents included fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococci), 

phytoplankton, chlorophyll a and b, and organic compounds 

such as pesticides. Also, constituents that had more than 90 

percent of the values less than the censoring level (the level 

below which concentrations could not be accurately quantified, determined as described next) were not evaluated.

Because water-quality analysis methods have varied 

for the various water-quality programs from 1970 to 2008 

and were conducted by three different laboratories (NDDH 

Water-Quality Laboratory, NDSWC Water-Quality Laboratory, 

and the USGS National Water-Quality Laboratory), several 

of the constituents have a wide range in censoring levels. The 

censoring level is the “less-than” value reported when concentrations are too low to be accurately quantified. The censoring level can change through time and among laboratories 

because of changes in sensitivity of laboratory equipment or 

analytical methods or changes in protocol for determining the 

censoring level. The censoring level is generally higher than 

the method detection limit, which is the lowest concentration 

for which a compound can be detected (but not necessarily accurately quantified) (Childress and others, 1999). For 

comparability between data and for estimates of trends and 

loads, constituents were recensored to a single level. Generally, the highest censoring level for each constituent was used 

with a few exceptions. In some cases, some higher censoring 

levels were present in the data for only a few values. If there 

were less than 5 values for the higher censoring level in some 

cases, they were excluded from the data set (table 2). Fiftynine constituents and physical measurements were included 

in the final list for analysis. The constituents included nutrients, major ions, trace metals, and suspended solids/sediment. 

Physical measurements included pH, dissolved oxygen, water 
6 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Table 1. Selected stream water-quality sites for North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

[ID, identification; USEPA, Environment Protection Agency; STORET, STOrage and RETrieval; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; HUC, hydrologic unit code; 

--, not available; Ambient, North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network; High-Low, North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low 

Flow Sampling Program; other, sampled as part of various other programs]

Map 

ID

number

USEPA 

STORET 

site 

ID number

USGS site

ID number Site name

Latitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Longitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Major 

river basin 

(8-digit 

HUC)

Sampling 

network

1 385055 -- Bois De Sioux River near Doran, 

Minn.

46.150 -96.570 -- 09020101 Ambient

2 380001 05051500 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, 

N. Dak.

46.266 -96.598 4,010 09020104 High-low

3 380082 -- Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak.46.280 -96.590 -- 09020104 Other

4 380083 -- Red River of the North at Brushville, 

Minn.

46.360 -96.650 -- 09020104 Ambient

5 -- 05051510 Red River of the North below 

Wahpeton, N. Dak.

46.375 -96.657 4,020 09020104 Other

6 -- 05051522 Red River of the North at Hickson, 

N. Dak.

46.660 -96.796 4,300 09020104 High-low

7 -- 05051600 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 46.022 -97.511 546 09020105 High-low

8 -- 05051700 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 46.125 -97.361 955 09020105 Other

9 -- 05052500 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 46.311 -96.734 294 09020105 High-low

10 380031 05053000 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, 

N. Dak.

46.468 -96.783 2,080 09020105 Ambient/

high-low

11 385414 05054000 Red River of the North at Fargo, 

N. Dak.

46.861 -96.783 6,800 09020104 Ambient

12 -- 05054020 Red River of North below Fargo, 

N. Dak.

46.931 -96.785 6,820 9020104 Other

13 385040 -- Red River of the North at Harwood, 

N. Dak.

46.970 -96.820 -- 09020104 Ambient

14 380084 05054200 Red River of the North near Harwood, 

N. Dak.

46.977 -96.821 -- 09020104 Other

15 -- 05054500 Sheyenne River above Harvey, 

N. Dak.

47.703 -99.949 424 09020202 High-low

16 -- 05055520 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 47.883 -98.967 23 09020203 Other

17 380010 -- Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 47.790 -98.580 -- 09020203 Ambient

18 385345 05056000 Sheyenne River near Warwick, 

N. Dak.

47.806 -98.716 2,070 09020203 High-low

19 -- 05056060 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near 

Cando, N. Dak.

48.458 -99.224 60 09020201 High-low

20 -- 05056100 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 48.448 -99.102 387 09020201 High-low

21 -- 05056200 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 48.337 -98.660 382 09020201 High-low

22 -- 05056215 Edmore Coulee Tributary near 

Webster, N. Dak.

48.266 -98.681 148 09020201 High-low

23 -- 05056225 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 48.283 -98.919 670 09020201 Other

24 -- 05056239 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, 

N. Dak.

48.321 -98.940 310 09020201 High-low

25 -- 05056270 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, 

N. Dak.

48.259 -99.200 1,260 09020201 High-low

26 -- 05056340 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 48.243 -99.373 320 09020201 High-low
Methods 7

Table 1. Selected stream water-quality sites for North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[ID, identification; USEPA, Environment Protection Agency; STORET, STOrage and RETrieval; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; HUC, hydrologic unit code; 

--, not available; Ambient, North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network; High-Low, North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low 

Flow Sampling Program; other, sampled as part of various other programs]

Map 

ID

number

USEPA 

STORET 

site 

ID number

USGS site

ID number Site name

Latitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Longitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Major 

river basin 

(8-digit 

HUC)

Sampling 

network

27 -- 05056390 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 48.188 -99.243 350 09020201 Other

28 -- 05056400 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, 

N. Dak.

48.178 -99.221 1,620 09020201 Other

29 -- 05056405 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet 

near Fort Totten, N. Dak.

48.040 -99.047 -- 09020201 Other

30 -- 05056410 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 48.167 -98.980 930 09020201 High-low

31 -- 05056636 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake 

near Lakota, N. Dak.

47.965 -98.525 -- 09020201 High-low

32 380009 05057000 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, 

N. Dak.

47.433 -98.027 6,470 09020203 Ambient/

high-low

33 380033 05057200 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 47.229 -98.124 691 09020203 High-low

34 380153 05058000 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, 

N. Dak.

47.034 -98.083 7,470 09020104 Ambient/

high-low

35 380008 05058500 Sheyenne River at Valley City, 

N. Dak.

46.914 -98.008 7,810 09020204 Other

36 380007 05058700 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 46.447 -97.679 8,190 09020204 Ambient/

high-low

37 385001 05059000 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 46.632 -97.000 8,800 09020204 Ambient/

high-low

38 -- 05059300 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne 

River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

46.750 -96.926 8,840 09020204 High-low

39 -- 05059400 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 46.804 -96.904 8,850 09020204 Other

40 -- 05059480 Sheyenne River Diversion at West 

Fargo, N. Dak.

46.891 -96.916 -- 09020204 High-low

41 380155 05059500 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, 

N. Dak.

46.891 -96.907 8,870 09020204 High-low

42 -- 05059600 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 47.325 -97.790 20 09020205 High-low

43 -- 05059700 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 46.622 -97.574 843 09020205 High-low

44 -- 05060000 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 46.866 -97.106 1,450 09020205 High-low

45 384155 05060100 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 46.905 -97.052 1,480 09020205 Ambient/

high-low

46 380076 05060400 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 46.980 -96.890 -- 09020204 Other

47 -- 05060500 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 47.017 -97.214 116 09020204 High-low

48 -- 05060550 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 46.966 -97.051 170 09020204 Other

49 380035 05060570 Lower Branch Rush River near 

Prosper, N. Dak.

46.942 -96.988 36 09020204 Other

50 -- 05060600 Sheyenne River near Harwood, 

N. Dak.

47.001 -96.894 10,700 09020204 Other

51 380036 05062200 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 47.292 -97.114 199 09020107 Other

52 -- 05064500 Red River of the North at Halstad, 

Minn.

47.352 -96.843 21,800 09020107 High-low

53 -- 05064900 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 47.595 -97.709 160 09020109 Other
8 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Table 1. Selected stream water-quality sites for North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[ID, identification; USEPA, Environment Protection Agency; STORET, STOrage and RETrieval; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; HUC, hydrologic unit code; 

--, not available; Ambient, North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network; High-Low, North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low 

Flow Sampling Program; other, sampled as part of various other programs]

Map 

ID

number

USEPA 

STORET 

site 

ID number

USGS site

ID number Site name

Latitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Longitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Major 

river basin 

(8-digit 

HUC)

Sampling 

network

54 -- 05065500 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 47.539 -97.456 517 09020109 Other

55 380156 05066500 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 47.410 -97.060 1,203 09020109 Ambient/

high-low

56 384156 05082500 Red River of the North at Grand 

Forks, N. Dak.

47.927 -97.029 30,100 09020301 Ambient/

high-low

57 -- 05082625 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park 

near Arvilla, N. Dak.

47.932 -97.514 311 09020307 High-low

58 380037 05083000 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 48.079 -97.184 613 09020307 Ambient

59 -- 05083500 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 48.194 -97.140 31,200 09020306 Other

60 -- 05083600 Middle Branch Forest River near 

Whitman, N. Dak.

48.247 -98.117 48 09020308 Other

61 -- 05084000 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 48.197 -97.730 456 09020308 High-low

62 380039 05085000 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 48.269 -97.369 740 09020308 Ambient/

high-low

63 -- 05089000 South Branch Park River below 

Homme Dam, N. Dak.

48.402 -97.782 226 09020310 Other

64 -- 05089100 Middle Branch Park River near 

Union, N. Dak.

48.542 -98.019 15 09020310 Other

65 -- 05089130 Middle Branch Park River near 

Edinburg, N. Dak.

48.503 -97.765 84 09020310 Other

66 -- 05089500 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 48.677 -97.861 17 09020310 Other

67 380157 05090000 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 48.425 -97.412 695 09020310 Ambient/

high-low

68 380004 05092000 Red River of the North at Drayton, 

N. Dak.

48.572 -97.147 34,800 09020311 High-low

69 -- 05092200 Pembina County Drain 20 near 

Glasston, N. Dak.

48.697 -97.384 80 09020313 Other

70 -- 05098700 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, 

N. Dak.

48.953 -99.426 38 09020313 Other

71 -- 05098800 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 48.943 -98.951 71 09020313 Other

72 -- 05099380 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 48.917 -98.056 3,070 09020313 Other

73 -- 05099400 Little South Pembina River near 

Walhalla, N. Dak.

48.865 -98.006 182 09020313 High-low

74 -- 05099600 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 48.913 -97.917 3,350 09020313 High-low

75 380158 05100000 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 48.990 -97.557 3,410 09020313 Ambient/

high-low

76 380047 05101000 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 48.778 -97.746 160 09020313 High-low

77 384157 -- Red River of the North at Pembina, 

N. Dak., site 1

48.970 -97.230 40,200 09020311 Other

78 -- 05102490 Red River of the North at Pembina, 

N. Dak., site 2

48.974 -97.241 40,200 09020311 Ambient

79 -- 05102500 Red River of the North at Emerson, 

Manitoba

49.008 -97.211 40,200 09020311 Other
Methods 9

Map 

ID

number

USEPA 

STORET 

site 

ID number

USGS site

ID number Site name

Latitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Longitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Major 

river basin 

(8-digit 

HUC)

Sampling 

network

80 384135 05113600 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 48.981 -103.076 1,790 09010001 High-low

81 -- 05113700 West Branch Short Creek near 

Columbus, N. Dak.

48.968 -102.851 167 09010001 Other

82 -- 05114000 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 48.990 -101.958 8,940 09010001 Other

83 380100 05116000 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 48.372 -101.505 9,470 09010001 High-low/

other

84 380021 05116500 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 48.371 -101.570 939 09010002 Ambient/

high-low

85 380161 05117500 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 48.246 -101.371 10,600 09010001 Ambient/

other

86 -- 05119410 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 48.058 -100.950 53 09010001 Other

87 380095 05120000 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 48.160 -100.729 11,300 09010003 Ambient/

other

88 384107 05120500 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, 

N. Dak.

48.138 -100.539 705 09010003 High-low

89 380094 05122000 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 48.506 -100.434 12,300 09010003 High-low

90 384132 05123400 Willow Creek near Willow City, 

N. Dak.

48.589 -100.442 1,160 09010004 High-low

91 -- 05123500 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 48.678 -100.711 168 09010003 Other

92 384133 05123510 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 48.584 -100.862 975 09010005 High-low

93 -- 05123600 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 48.355 -100.822 289 09010005 Other

94 -- 05123700 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet 

near Granville, N. Dak.

48.386 -100.767 534 09010005 Other

95 -- 05123750 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 48.575 -100.744 722 09010005 Other

96 -- 05123760 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek 

near Upham, N. Dak.

48.604 -100.795 -- 09010005 Other

97 -- 05123900 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 48.813 -100.863 230 09010003 Other

98 380090 05124000 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 48.996 -100.958 16,900 09010003 Other

99 -- 06329597 Charbonneau Creek near 

Charbonneau, N. Dak.

47.851 -103.794 149 10100004 Other

100 06330000 Missouri River near Williston, 

N. Dak.

48.108 -103.714 164,500 10110101 Other

101 380054 06331000 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek 

near Williston, N. Dak.

48.284 -103.573 875 10110102 High-low

102 -- 06331570 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 48.154 -103.574 146 10110101 Other

103 -- 06331680 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford 

City, N. Dak.

47.993 -103.166 135 10110101 Other

104 -- 06331850 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 48.181 -103.024 102 10110101 Other

105 -- 06332000 White Earth River at White Earth, 

N. Dak.

48.376 -102.767 780 10110101 Other

106 -- 06332515 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, 

N. Dak.

47.787 -102.768 74 10110101 High-low

107 -- 06332520 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 48.053 -102.136 465 10110101 Other

Table 1. Selected stream water-quality sites for North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[ID, identification; USEPA, Environment Protection Agency; STORET, STOrage and RETrieval; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; HUC, hydrologic unit code; 

--, not available; Ambient, North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network; High-Low, North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low 

Flow Sampling Program; other, sampled as part of various other programs]
10 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Map 

ID

number

USEPA 

STORET 

site 

ID number

USGS site

ID number Site name

Latitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Longitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Major 

river basin 

(8-digit 

HUC)

Sampling 

network

108 -- 06332523 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, 

N. Dak.

47.949 -102.214 360 10110101 High-low

109 -- 06332770 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, 

N. Dak.

47.738 -102.107 220 10110101 High-low

110 385031 06335500 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, 

N. Dak.

46.298 -103.918 4,640 10110203 High-low

111 -- 06335750 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 46.577 -103.557 250 10110203 Other

112 380022 06336000 Little Missouri River at Medora, 

N. Dak.

46.919 -103.528 6,190 10110203 Ambient/

high-low

113 385030 06336600 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 47.163 -103.992 616 10110204 High-low

114 380059 06337000 Little Missouri River near Watford 

City, N. Dak.

47.596 -103.264 8,310 10110205 Ambient/

high-low

115 -- 06338490 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, 

N. Dak.

47.502 -101.431 181,400 10110101 Other

116 -- 06339100 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 47.236 -102.769 205 10130201 High-low

117 -- 06339180 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 47.213 -102.623 30 10130201 Other

118 -- 06339300 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 47.138 -102.333 722 10130201 Other

119 -- 06339490 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, 

N. Dak.

47.107 -102.051 82 10130201 Other

120 384131 06339500 Knife River near Golden Valley, 

N. Dak.

47.154 -102.059 1,230 10130201 Ambient/

high-low

121 -- 06339550 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 47.199 -101.912 65 10130201 Other

122 -- 06339560 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 47.179 -101.785 24 10130201 Other

123 380118 06339800 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near 

Dunn Center, N. Dak.

47.343 -102.618 116 10130201 Other

124 -- 06339900 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 47.366 -102.376 260 10130201 Other

125 380060 06340000 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 47.286 -101.925 549 10130201 Ambient/

high-low

126 -- 06340200 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, 

N. Dak.

47.135 -101.660 27 10130201 Other

127 380087 06340500 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 47.285 -101.622 2,240 10130201 Ambient/

high-low

128 -- 06340520 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 47.335 -101.695 47 10130201 Other

129 -- 06340528 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 

near Zap, N. Dak.

47.356 -101.854 8 10130201 Other

130 -- 06340540 West Branch Antelope Creek near 

Hazen, N. Dak.

47.317 -101.691 38 10130201 Other

131 -- 06340580 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 47.334 -101.527 16 10130201 Other

132 -- 06340780 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, 

N. Dak.

47.269 -101.309 22 10130101 Other

133 -- 06340905 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, 

N. Dak.

47.303 -101.131 71 10130101 Other

134 -- 06340930 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 47.303 -101.089 57 10130101 Other

Table 1. Selected stream water-quality sites for North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[ID, identification; USEPA, Environment Protection Agency; STORET, STOrage and RETrieval; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; HUC, hydrologic unit code; 

--, not available; Ambient, North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network; High-Low, North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low 

Flow Sampling Program; other, sampled as part of various other programs]
Methods 11

Table 1. Selected stream water-quality sites for North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[ID, identification; USEPA, Environment Protection Agency; STORET, STOrage and RETrieval; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; HUC, hydrologic unit code; 

--, not available; Ambient, North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network; High-Low, North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low 

Flow Sampling Program; other, sampled as part of various other programs]

Map 

ID

number

USEPA 

STORET 

site 

ID number

USGS site

ID number Site name

Latitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Longitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Major 

river basin 

(8-digit 

HUC)

Sampling 

network

135 -- 06341410 Turtle Creek above Washburn, 

N. Dak.

47.385 -100.912 350 10130101 Other

136 -- 06341800 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, 

N. Dak.

47.275 -100.792 427 10130101 Other

137 -- 06342040 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, 

N. Dak.

47.135 -101.425 17 10130101 Other

138 -- 06342200 Square Butte Creek above Nelson 

Lake near Center N. Dak.

47.102 -101.256 76 10130101 Other

139 -- 06342230 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 47.066 -101.236 46 10130101 Other

140 380103 06342260 Square Butte Creek below Center, 

N. Dak.

47.058 -101.195 146 10130101 High-low

141 -- 06342450 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 46.915 -100.813 108 10130101 High-low

142 380028 06342500 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 46.814 -100.821 186,400 10130101 High-low

143 -- 06342900 South Branch Heart River near South 

Heart, N. Dak.

46.840 -103.020 132 10130202 Other

144 -- 06342970 North Creek near South Heart, 

N. Dak.

46.896 -102.999 41 10130202 Other

145 -- 06343000 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 46.866 -102.948 311 10130202 Other

146 380062 06344300 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 46.867 -102.735 440 10130202 Other

147 -- 06344600 Green River near New Hradec, 

N. Dak.

47.028 -103.053 152 10130202 High-low

148 380063 06345000 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 46.894 -102.624 356 10130202 Other

149 380160 06345500 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 46.746 -102.308 1,240 10130202 Ambient/

high-low

150 -- 06345780 Heart River above Lake Tschida near 

Glen Ullin, N. Dak.

46.657 -102.079 1,530 10130202 High-low

151 -- 06347000 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 46.545 -101.645 221 10130203 High-low

152 380065 06347500 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, 

N. Dak.

46.694 -101.467 456 10130203 High-low

153 -- 06348000 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 46.610 -101.382 2,750 10130203 Other

154 -- 06348300 Heart River at Stark Bridge near 

Judson, N. Dak.

46.703 -101.214 2,930 10130203 High-low

155 -- 06348500 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, 

N. Dak.

46.851 -101.253 157 10130203 High-low

156 380151 06349000 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 46.834 -100.974 3,310 10130203 Ambient/

high-low

157 -- 06349215 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake 

near Moffit, N. Dak.

46.633 -100.241 280 10130103 Other

158 380057 06349500 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 46.794 -100.657 1,680 10130103 High-low

159 -- 06349700 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 46.656 -100.738 191,700 10130102 Other

160 385130 06349900 Cannonball River at New England, 

N. Dak.

46.543 -102.888 285 10130204 Other
12 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Table 1. Selected stream water-quality sites for North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[ID, identification; USEPA, Environment Protection Agency; STORET, STOrage and RETrieval; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; HUC, hydrologic unit code; 

--, not available; Ambient, North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network; High-Low, North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low 

Flow Sampling Program; other, sampled as part of various other programs]

Map 

ID

number

USEPA 

STORET 

site 

ID number

USGS site

ID number Site name

Latitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Longitude, 

decimal 

degrees

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Major 

river basin 

(8-digit 

HUC)

Sampling 

network

161 -- 06349930 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, 

N. Dak.

46.464 -102.739 70 10130204 Other

162 -- 06350000 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 46.427 -102.551 580 10130204 High-low

163 -- 06351000 Cannonball River below Bentley, 

N. Dak.

46.358 -102.042 1,140 10130204 Other

164 380105 06351200 Cannonball River near Raleigh, 

N. Dak.

46.127 -101.333 1,640 10130204 Ambient/

high-low

165 -- 06351680 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near 

Scranton, N. Dak.

46.322 -102.996 43 10130205 Other

166 -- 06352000 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 46.155 -102.475 553 10130205 High-low

167 -- 06352400 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 46.101 -101.957 100 10130205 Other

168 -- 06352500 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, 

N. Dak.

46.032 -101.832 1,340 10130205 Other

169 380077 06353000 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 46.092 -101.333 1,750 10130205 Ambient/

high-low

170 380067 06354000 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 46.376 -100.934 4,100 10130206 Ambient/

high-low

171 380058 06354500 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 46.258 -100.233 717 10130104 Other

172 -- 06354580 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 46.269 -100.251 765 10130104 High-low

173 -- 06354815 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, 

N. Dak.

46.193 -100.751 220 10130102 Other

174 -- 06355310 Buffalo Creek Tributary near 

Gascoyne, N. Dak.

46.111 -103.039 16 10130301 Other

175 384210 06467600 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 47.644 -99.828 253 10160001 Other

176 384130 06468170 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 47.558 -98.863 1,060 10160001 Ambient/

high-low

177 384211 06468250 James River above Arrowwood Lake 

near Kensal, N. Dak.

47.400 -98.797 1,200 10160001 Other

178 -- 06468300 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir 

near Bordulac, N. Dak.

47.401 -98.829 188 10160001 Other

179 -- 06468500 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 47.142 -98.783 1,670 10160001 Other

180 380152 06469400 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 47.168 -98.969 700 10160002 High-low

181 380015 06469500 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, 

N. Dak.

47.066 -98.919 758 10160002 Other

182 380013 06470000 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 46.890 -98.682 2,820 10160003 Ambient/

high-low

183 380012 06470500 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 46.356 -98.304 4,390 10160003 Ambient/

high-low

184 384215 06470800 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 46.225 -98.071 357 10160003 High-low

185 380074 06470830 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 46.139 -98.115 5,320 10160003 Other

186 384217 06470878 James River at N. Dak.-S. Dak. 

state line

45.936 -98.174 5,480 10160003 High-low
Methods 13

Table 2. Water-quality constituents and measurements selected for sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NDDH, North Dakota Department of Health; *, less than 5 values in data set, values were excluded; μg/L, micrograms per 

liter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; C, Celsius]

Constituent Analyzing 

agency Original censoring levels Recensored level Units

Major cations and anions

Boron USGS, NDDH 1, 10, 20, 50, 110* 50 μg/L

Sodium USGS, NDDH 3 3 mg/L

Magnesium USGS, NDDH 1.0 1.0 mg/L

Potassium USGS, NDDH 0.1, 1.0 1.0 mg/L

Calcium USGS, NDDH 0.01 .01 mg/L

Manganese, total USGS 0.04 .04 mg/L

Manganese, dissolved USGS, NDDH 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 .04 mg/L

Chloride USGS, NDDH 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 4.0, 19.0* 4.0 mg/L

Sulfate USGS, NDDH 0.1, 1, 4 4 mg/L

Total dissolved solids USGS, NDDH 1 1 mg/L

Fluoride USGS 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.17, 0.7, 1.0 1.0 mg/L

Silica USGS 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2*, 1.9*, 2.0* 1.0 mg/L

Carbonate NDDH 1.0 1.0 mg/L

Bicarbonate NDDH -- none mg/L

Alkalinity, total, as calcium carbonate NDDH -- none mg/L

Alkalinity, incremental titration, dissolved 

as calcium carbonate

USGS -- none mg/L

Acid neutralizing capacity, total USGS -- none mg/L

Hardness as calcium carbonate NDDH -- none mg/L

Sodium adsorption ratio NDDH -- none --

Nutrients

Ammonia, dissolved and total as nitrogen USGS, NDDH 0.002, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.041*, 

0.06*, 0.10*, 0.87*

.04 mg/L

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as 

nitrogen

USGS, NDDH 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.047, 0.05, 0.06, 0.09, 

0.10, 0.15*

.10 mg/L

Ammonia plus organic nitrogen, dissolved 

as nitrogen

USGS, NDDH 0.001, 0.02, 0.08, 0.10, 0.20 .20 mg/L

Total nitrogen, dissolved as nitrogen USGS, NDDH 0.02 0.02 mg/L

Total nitrogen as nitrogen USGS, NDDH 0.02 0.02 mg/L

Phosphorus, dissolved as phosphorus USGS, NDDH 0.004, 0.006, 0.01, 0.038*, 0.04*, 0.05*, 0.06*, 

0.20*

.01 mg/L

Phosphorus, total as phosphorus USGS, NDDH 0.001, 0.004, 0.008, 0.01, 0.018*, 0.02* .01 mg/L

Orthophosphate, dissolved as phosphorus USGS 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 

0.009, 0.01, 0.018, 0.02

.02 mg/L

Organic carbon, total as carbon USGS, NDDH none none mg/L

Organic carbon, dissolved as carbon USGS, NDDH none none mg/L

Trace metals (1993–2008)

Aluminum, total USGS, NDDH 10, 28, 50, 100 100 μg/L

Arsenic, total USGS, NDDH 1.0, 1.9*, 2.6*, 5.0* 1.0 μg/L

Arsenic, dissolved USGS, NDDH 1.0, 2.0*, 4.0*, 15.0* 1.0 μg/L

Barium, total USGS, NDDH 1, 100 100 μg/L
14 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Table 2. Water-quality constituents and measurements selected for sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NDDH, North Dakota Department of Health; *, less than 5 values in data set, values were excluded; μg/L, micrograms per 

liter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; C, Celsius]

Constituent Analyzing 

agency Original censoring levels Recensored level Units

Trace metals (1993–2008)—Continued

Chromium, total USGS, NDDH 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 2*, 20* 1.2 μg/L

Copper, dissolved USGS, NDDH 1.0, 2.0*, 3.0*, 10.0*, 20.0*, 25.0* 1.0 μg/L

Copper, total USGS 1.0, 1.2*, 2.0*, 3.0*, 14.0*, 20.0* 1.0 μg/L

Iron, total USGS, NDDH 0.01, 1, 7, 10, 16* 10 μg/L

Iron, dissolved USGS 1, 3, 6, 6.4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 25, 30, 50 50 μg/L

Lead, total USGS, NDDH 1.0, 2.0*, 30.0*, 50.0*, 200.0* 1.0 μg/L

Lithium, dissolved USGS 1, 10 10 μg/L

Molybdenum, total USGS 1.0, 1.5*, 2.0* 1.0 μg/L

Nickel, total USGS, NDDH 1.0, 2.0*, 5.0*, 7.0*, 20.0*, 25.0*, 50.0* 1.0 μg/L

Nickel, dissolved USGS, NDDH 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 10.0 μg/L

Selenium, total USGS, NDDH 0.2, 0.4, 1.0, 2.0, 2.6, 3.0*, 14.0* 2.6 μg/L

Selenium, dissolved USGS, NDDH 0.08, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.4, 2.6, 4*, 10*, 

25*, 100*

2.6 μg/L

Strontium, dissolved USGS 1, 10* 1 μg/L

Zinc, total NDDH 1, 2, 10, 25, 31, 40 40 μg/L

Other constituents or measurements

Laboratory specific conductivity USGS, NDDH -- none μS/cm at 25 

degrees C

Field specific conductivity USGS, NDDH -- none μS/cm at 25 

degrees C

Field pH USGS, NDDH -- none standard 

units

Laboratory pH USGS, NDDH -- none standard 

units

Water temperature USGS, NDDH -- none degrees C

Dissolved oxygen USGS, NDDH -- none mg/L

Total suspended solids USGS, NDDH 10 10 mg/L

Suspended-sediment concentration USGS -- none mg/L

temperature, and specific conductivity (table 2). For two of 

the nutrients (ammonia and nitrate plus nitrite), dissolved and 

total concentrations were not substantially different and thus 

were combined to form a “dissolved and total” constituent 

concentration. The combined concentrations provided a more 

complete sampling record for analyzing loads and concentration trends than either the separate dissolved or total concentrations. On sampling dates for which both the dissolved and 

total concentrations were available, the dissolved concentration was used for the combined data. 

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics (sample size, period of record, 

minimum, maximum, and median) were computed for each 

constituent and site included in the study (appendix tables 1–1 

through 1–5). Median concentrations of selected water-quality 

constituents were mapped using Geographic Information 

Systems (GIS) to indicate the spatial distribution of constituent concentrations across the State. Median concentrations 

were determined for the period of record from 1970 through 

2008 (1993 through 2008 for trace metals) and for the spring 

(March through June), summer (July through October), and 

winter (November through February) seasons at each sampling 

location. Median values were calculated with no consideration 
Methods 15

for period of record, sampling dates, sampling times, or number of samples taken at each sampling location. 

Load and Yield Estimation

Load and yield estimates for water-quality constituents 

were calculated for selected sites from constituent concentrations and streamflows measured at each site. Constituent load 

(L) is a function of the volumetric rate of water passing a point 

in the stream (Q) and the constituent concentration within the 

water (C). Constituent yield is a function of constituent load 

and the drainage area contributing to flow at the site. Sites 

and constituents used for the load and yield estimation were 

chosen on the basis of data availability and the importance of 

the constituent. Based on the availability of water-quality and 

streamflow data, 34 sites were determined to have adequate 

data (minimum of 20 samples) for the estimation of loads and 

yields for eight constituents.

Regression methods were used to estimate constituent 

loads. These methods use natural logarithm (ln)-transformed 

relations between Q and C to estimate daily C (or L) for a particular constituent at a site (Cohn and others, 1989; Cohn and 

others, 1992; Cohn, 1995). The regression method can account 

for non-normal data distributions, seasonal and long-term 

cycles, censored data, biases associated with using logarithmic 

transformations, and serial correlations of the residuals (Cohn, 

1995). Regression methods use discrete water-quality samples 

often collected over several years and a daily streamflow 

hydrograph. A regression model for estimating constituent 

load can be expressed as:

1n (L) = β0+β1ln(Qd)+β2T+β3 sin(2πT)+β4cos(2πT)+E (1)

where

ln ( ) represents the natural logarithm 

 function;

β0, β1, β2, β3, and β4 are the coefficients of the model;

Qd is the daily mean discharge, in 

 cubic feet per second; 

T is decimal time, in years; and

E is the model error.

In this model, relations between discharge and load are 

identified by the β1 coefficient, temporal trends are identified 

by β2, and seasonal effects are identified by β3 and β4. Transforming the results of the model from logarithmic space to 

linear space was accomplished using an adjusted maximum 

likelihood estimator (AMLE) (Cohn and others, 1992). The 

AMLE method can also handle censored values. 

Best-fit load models for all constituents at each of the 34 

sites were determined using the S-LOADEST computer program (Runkel and others, 2004). Best-fit models were selected 

based on residual plots, significance of included variables, 

results of normality tests, and coefficient of determination of 

the regression. For example, if the seasonality variables (β3

and β4) were determined to be significant, they were included 

in the model, if not, they were not used in the model. Some 

models may have only included a significant relation between 

load and discharge (β1). Models were not determined if the 

calibration dataset was made up of more than 80 percent 

censored values. No minimum criteria for model performance were used; therefore, best-fit models of the group were 

selected even if the model was poor. 

Normalized annual loads (tons per year) were calculated 

by creating a “reference” discharge period of 30 years of data 

around the median year of the model calibration dataset and 

using the average of the daily flows for the reference period 

to create a normalized set of daily flows (one for each day of 

the year). For each site, the calibration dataset, including all 

constituents, was reviewed to find the data range across time. 

The median of this range was used to select discharge data for 

that site, 15 years prior to the median date and 15 years after 

the median date was used. From this 30-year discharge record, 

the average of the mean daily discharge was calculated for 

each day of the year. These average daily values were grouped 

into a normalized discharge dataset spanning a full year, January 1 through December 31. This normalized discharge dataset 

for each site was used to calculate the normalized annual 

load from the best-fit model for each constituent. Normalized 

annual yields (pounds per year per square mile) for each constituent at each site were calculated by dividing the normalized 

annual loads by the drainage area (square miles) contributing 

to flow at the sampling site. Sites 45 and 112 (table 1) only 

had 15 and 16 years of streamflow data during the 30-year 

period, respectively; however, the sites were still included and 

the average flow data was calculated from the data available. 

Site 5 (Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak.) had 

no discharge record; however, discharge data were available 

at site 2, just upstream from site 5 (fig. 1), and was used in the 

normalized load calculation for site 5. 

Trend Analysis

Sites and constituents used for the water-quality trend 

analysis were chosen on the basis of data availability and the 

importance of the constituent to aquatic health in the State. 

Ten sites were selected for trend analysis for sulfate, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate plus nitrite, and total phosphorus. 

The period of record chosen for the analysis was the 34-year 

period from 1975 through 2008. Concentration data for 1970 

to 1974 were not used because the time-series model used in 

the trend analysis required 5 years of flow data prior to the first 

concentration sample.

A statistical time-series model for streamflow and constituent concentration developed by the USGS (Vecchia, 2000) 

was used in this report to detect water-quality trends. Other 

applications of the model include Jones and Armstrong (2001), 

Trench and Vecchia (2002), Vecchia (2003), and Vecchia 

(2005). Details on the theory and parameter estimation for the 

model are described in Vecchia (2005).
16 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

In the time-series model, concentration data were partitioned into several components according to equation 2:

log (C) = M+ANN+SEAS+TREND+HFV (2)

where

log denotes the base-10 logarithm;

C is the concentration, in milligrams per liter;

M is the long-term mean of the log-transformed 

concentration, as the base-10 logarithm of 

milligrams per liter;

ANN is the annual concentration anomaly 

(dimensionless);

SEAS is the seasonal concentration anomaly 

(dimensionless);

TREND is the concentration trend (dimensionless); 

and

HFV is the high-frequency variability of the 

concentration (dimensionless).

The procedure used to partition the data is described in detail 

in Vecchia (2005). In equation 2, the annual concentration 

anomaly (ANN), seasonal concentration anomaly (SEAS), 

and high-frequency variability (HFV) terms represent natural 

variability in concentration for different time scales. ANN is 

an estimate of the inter-annual variability in concentration 

that can be attributed to long-term variability in streamflow. 

Extended droughts and wet periods can change the chemical 

composition of streamflow by changing the degree of contact 

between surface runoff and soil particles, and changing the 

relative composition of runoff among groundwater, overland 

flow, and subsurface flow (Vecchia, 2005).

SEAS is an estimate of the seasonal variability in concentration that can be attributed to seasonal variability in streamflow or to factors other than variability in streamflow. For 

example, the seasonal snow-accumulation and snowmelt cycle 

causes seasonal fluctuations in streamflow and water quality. 

Seasonal temperature differences also may affect the rate of 

chemical processes, such as reduction of ammonia, and thus 

cause seasonal differences in nutrient concentrations. Seasonality also may occur in the sources of chemical constituents 

(for example, fertilizer application or roadway deicing), independent of streamflow conditions (Vecchia, 2005).

TREND is an estimate of the long-term systematic 

changes in concentration that are unrelated to long-term 

variability in streamflow. A statistically significant trend 

might indicate changes in human activities (such as land use, 

fertilizer application, and sewage treatment) that change the 

amount of a particular chemical constituent available for 

solution or suspension in surface water, or that change the rate 

at which the constituent reaches the surface water. For this 

report, a trend was defined as a statistically significant increase 

or decrease in median concentration for a period of 10 years or 

more. The methods used to detect the trends and evaluate their 

statistical significance are described in Vecchia (2005). 

HFV is an estimate of the variability in concentration for 

time scales that are smaller than the seasonal time scale (time 

scales of several days to several weeks). Thus, high-frequency 

variability is the variability that remains after the removal of 

seasonal and annual anomalies and trends. Day-to-day changes 

in meteorological conditions may cause high-frequency variability in streamflow and concentration. The high-frequency 

variability depends on a time-series model, called a periodic 

autoregressive moving average model, that accounts for the 

presence of serial correlation among concentrations (for 

example, the tendency for high or low values to persist for 

several days to several weeks before returning to normal levels) (Vecchia, 2005).

Two types of time-series plots are used in this report to 

illustrate long-term changes in concentration. The first type 

shows the measured log-transformed concentrations (log(C) 

in eq. 2) as well as the fitted annual median concentrations 

obtained by adding together the mean, annual anomaly, and 

trend in equation 3:

FAMC = M+ANN+TREND (3)

where 

FAMC is the fitted annual median concentration, as 

the base-10 logarithm of milligrams per 

liter. 

Changes in FAMC through time indicate long-term (interannual) changes in median concentration resulting from both 

streamflow-related variability and trend.

The second type of time-series plot illustrates the longterm changes in median concentration that are due just to 

the trend. Log-transformed concentrations that have both the 

seasonal and annual anomalies removed are referred to in this 

report as standardized concentrations. Using equation 2, the 

standardized concentration is defined as:

SC =log(C)–ANN–SEAS=M+TREND+HFV (4)

where

SC is the standardized concentration, as the base10 logarithm of milligrams per liter.

The standardized concentrations defined by equation 4 are 

analogous to the flow-adjusted concentrations defined in previous publications as the residuals from a regression model that 

relates concentration to concurrent daily streamflow (Hirsch 

and others, 1982); however, the approach used for this report 

generally is more effective than a regression-based approach 

for removing streamflow-related variability (Vecchia, 2005). 

Time series plots showing the standardized concentrations 

along with the fitted trend (M+TREND) illustrate long-term 

changes in median concentration that are due to factors other 

than natural flow-related variability. 
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 17

Sample Network Design

Design of an effective State-wide water-quality sampling 

network requires both a spatial component (where to sample) 

and a temporal component (how often to sample). An efficient 

design is one that accomplishes the objectives of the sampling 

programs with a minimum of spatial and temporal redundancy. 

For this study, three sampling program objectives were considered: characterizing spatial water-quality variability, detecting 

temporal trends in water quality, and estimating constituent 

loads. To simplify the design analysis, these three objectives 

were considered separately. Also, to simplify the analysis, the 

network design was evaluated using four key water-quality 

constituents: dissolved sulfate, TDS, nitrate plus nitrite, and 

total phosphorus. Although sampling designs were not explicitly evaluated for other constituents, it was expected that an 

efficient network for these constituents would be relatively 

efficient for other constituents as well.

To evaluate the first objective (characterizing spatial 

water-quality variability), all 186 sites (table 1) were used, 

regardless of whether a site was an active or discontinued 

sampling site. Sites were nested in downstream to upstream 

order. For each downstream/upstream pair and each waterquality sample for the downstream site, a concurrent waterquality sample for the upstream site was defined as the closest 

upstream sample (in time) to the downstream sample such 

that the upstream sample was taken within 1 week before or 

after the downstream sample. If there was no upstream sample 

taken within 1 week of the downstream sample, the concurrent 

upstream sample was defined as missing. Only downstream/

upstream pairs with at least 10 concurrent samples defined in 

this manner were included. The average absolute difference 

between the paired downstream and upstream concentrations, 

expressed as a percent of the average downstream concentration, was related to the average absolute difference in daily 

flow between the downstream and upstream pairs, expressed 

as a percent of the average downstream flow. Relating the 

concentration differences to the flow differences provided 

information on redundancy of concentration values as the 

intervening flow between the downstream and upstream sites 

became small in relation to the downstream site. For example, 

if the upstream concentration had a 90 percent chance of being 

within 20 percent, on average, of the downstream concentration whenever the upstream flow was at least 80 percent, on 

average, of the downstream flow, water-quality samples at 

the upstream might be considered to be redundant given the 

downstream water-quality data. 

To evaluate the second sampling objective (detecting 

temporal trends), the time-series model, described in the 

previous section for evaluating concentration trends, was 

used to evaluate the sensitivity of various temporal sampling 

designs for monitoring future concentration trends. The design 

methodology is described in Vecchia (2005). Temporal designs 

(specified by the number and timing of water-quality samples 

within each year) were evaluated with respect to their sensitivity to detect a trend within each of three seasons, a spring 

high-flow season (March–June), a summer low-flow season 

(July–October), and a winter low-flow season (November–

February). An efficient design is one that maximizes the sensitivity to detect trends in each season with the fewest number 

of samples. Sensitivity is measured by the characteristic trend, 

which is defined as the percent change in concentration that 

has an 80-percent chance of being detected after 5 years of 

sampling. An efficient design is one that has low characteristic 

trends (high sensitivity) for all of the constituents and all of 

the seasons subject to budgetary constraints.

To evaluate the third sampling objective (estimating 

constituent loads), the efficient designs described previously 

for detecting concentration trends were evaluated with respect 

to their ability to estimate loads. The accuracy of estimated 

loads is dependent on both flow and concentration, and adding 

extra samples during times of year when most of the load is 

expected to be transported can result in substantial improvements in the accuracy of estimated loads. Methods described 

by Gilroy and others (1990) were used to evaluate efficiency 

of the sampling designs for estimating loads during 5-year 

periods (the objective of the load component of the NDDH 

ambient program) and to determine if and when extra samples 

would be beneficial for estimating loads. 

Median Concentrations of Selected 

Constituents

Median concentrations of water-quality constituents at 

sampling locations in North Dakota were determined for the 

period of record and for the spring (March through June), 

summer (July through October), and winter (November 

through February) seasons at each sampling location. Median 

values were calculated with no consideration for period of 

record, sampling dates, sampling times, or number of samples 

taken at each sampling location.

Major Ions and Total Dissolved Solids

Many water-quality samples were analyzed for several 

major ions included in this report; however, only the information on the concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and TDS are 

presented in this section. Period of record summary statistics 

for all of the constituents analyzed and seasonal medians for 

selected constituents in this report are presented in appendix 1 

(tables 1–1 and 1–5).

Sulfur and chloride are naturally present in soils across 

North Dakota. Sulfur is readily oxidized to produce sulfate 

ions that are highly soluble (Hem, 1985). Sulfate in streams 

may be affected by land-use changes that can increase or 

decrease the exposure of naturally occurring sulfur to surface 

runoff. Human sources of sulfate, such as emissions from 

burning fossil fuels and wastewater discharge from mining and 

industrial operations, also may affect sulfate concentrations in 
18 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

streams. Chloride also is highly soluble, but generally occurs 

in much smaller amounts in soils compared to sulfur. In contrast to other ions, most of the chloride content in streams is 

in the form of ionized chloride (Hem, 1992). Human activities 

such as roadway and driveway de-icing and industrial and 

municipal wastewater discharge also may introduce chloride 

to streams.

Dissolved solids in streams are composed of major ions 

(such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, and 

chloride) and many other constituents that are present in small 

quantities. TDS concentrations may be affected by different 

constituents in different locations in the State. 

In general, median sulfate concentrations tended to be 

greater in the southwest part of the State compared to the 

northeast part of the State in the Red River of the North Basin 

(fig. 2). Seasonal variations indicated lower median concentrations in samples collected during spring and higher concentrations from samples collected during winter at many locations. 

This seasonal pattern is likely due to the dilution effect of 

higher streamflows that occur during the spring compared to 

the lower streamflows that occur during winter. Median sulfate 

concentrations exceeded the USEPA secondary drinking water 

regulation of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009) and the North Dakota sulfate 

numerical standard for class 1 streams of 250 mg/L (30-day 

arithmetic average; North Dakota Department of Health, 

2010) at 86 out of 183 sites in North Dakota (fig. 2). The lowest median sulfate concentrations for the period of record at 

a sampling site was 20 mg/L at Big Coulee near Fort Totten, 

N. Dak. (site 16), and the highest median sulfate concentration for the period of record at a sampling site was 2,400 mg/L 

at Buffalo Creek tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. (site 174) 

(appendix table 1–5). 

Median chloride concentrations tended to be lower in the 

southwest and higher in the northeast parts of the State (fig. 3), 

nearly the opposite of the pattern seen for median sulfate concentrations (fig. 2). Substantial differences in median chloride 

concentrations were not evident among samples collected 

during different seasons. Median chloride concentrations 

exceeded the North Dakota numerical standard of 175 mg/L 

(30-day arithmetic average) (North Dakota Department of 

Health, 2010) at 3 of 184 sites in North Dakota. The lowest 

median chloride concentrations for the period of record at a 

sampling site were less than 4.0 mg/L at West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. and Coal Lake Coulee 

near Hensler, N. Dak. (sites 129 and 133, respectively), and 

the highest median chloride concentration for the period of 

record at a sampling site was 446.5 mg/L at the Turtle River at 

Manvel, N. Dak. (site 58) (appendix table 1–5). 

In general, median TDS concentrations tended to be 

lower for sites in the Red River of the North, Souris, and 

James River Basins compared to sites in southwest North 

Dakota (figs. 1 and 4). Like sulfate, median TDS concentrations at many locations tended to be lower in samples collected during spring compared to samples collected during 

the summer and winter, likely because of the dilution effect 

of higher streamflows that occur during the spring compared 

to the lower streamflows that occur during other seasons. 

Median TDS concentrations exceeded the USEPA secondary 

drinking-water regulation for TDS of 500 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009) at 136 out of 184 sites. The 

lowest median TDS concentration for the period of record at a 

sampling site was 172 mg/L at the Lower Branch Rush River 

near Prosper, N. Dak. (site 49), and the highest median TDS 

concentration for the period of record at a sampling site was 

4,270 mg/L at Buffalo Creek tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 

(site 174) (appendix table 1–5). 

Nutrients

Nutrient dynamics are controlled by activities in the basin 

and processes that occur in the stream. Wastewater-treatment 

plant discharge can be a major point source of nitrogen 

(mainly nitrate), phosphorus, and organic material. Septic 

systems can act as point sources as nutrients migrate through 

the groundwater system into the stream. The influence of point 

sources usually is more evident during base-flow conditions in 

a stream because concentrations are less affected by dilution. 

Nonpoint sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon 

mainly are delivered during runoff events as rainfall washes 

material off the landscape into the stream, resulting in greater 

concentrations during high-flow conditions. Some nonpoint 

sources of nutrients include runoff from agricultural areas, 

where fertilizers are applied or livestock production occurs; 

runoff from urban areas, where fertilizers are applied to 

lawns, shrubs, and trees; and from atmospheric deposition of 

nitrogen. Natural sources of nitrogen and phosphorus include 

fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by plants and animals, dissolution of phosphorus-bearing rocks or minerals in the soil, and 

oxidation of organic matter, including soil organic matter and 

decaying plants and animals (Hem, 1985). 

Instream processes also can affect nutrient concentrations 

(Allan, 1995). Aquatic vegetation, particularly algae, depends 

on nitrogen and phosphorus for its food supply. Nitrate is the 

most stable ion of nitrogen over a wide range of conditions 

and is readily assimilated by algae. Total phosphorus concentrations include inorganic phosphorus (in solution, complexed 

with iron or other trace elements, or adsorbed to sediment 

particles) and organic phosphorus. Sources of organic carbon 

in the water column can include those outside the aquatic system and within the aquatic system. Natural sources of organic 

carbon outside the aquatic system include soils and plants, 

and sources within the aquatic system include excretion from 

actively growing algae or the decomposition of dead algae 

and macrophytes. Anthropogenic (human influenced) sources 

of organic carbon include wastewater-treatment discharges, 

animal waste, and septic systems. Activities that cause land 

disturbance such as row-crop agriculture, animal grazing, 

timber harvesting, mining, road construction and maintenance, 

and urbanization also can result in increased stream concentrations of organic carbon (Allan, 1995).
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 19

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

20 to 150150 to 250

250 to 450Greater than 450

Concentration, in milligrams per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Red River of 

the North Basin

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of median sulfate concentrations, in milligrams per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record, spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
20 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri Red River of River Basin the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri River Basin EXPLANATION

Less than 4.0 to 8.08.0 to 16.0

16.0 to 24.0Greater than 24.0

Concentration, in milligrams per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 3. Spatial distribution of median chloride concentrations, in milligrams per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record, spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 21

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

172 to 500500 to 700

700 to 1,200Greater than 1,200

Concentration, in milligrams per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of median total dissolved solids concentrations, in milligrams per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record, spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
22 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Water-quality samples at selected sites across the State 

were analyzed for various forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, 

and carbon. In this section, information describing concentrations of ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite, total nitrogen, dissolved 

phosphorus, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and 

total organic carbon are presented. Period of record summary 

statistics for all of the constituents analyzed and seasonal 

medians for selected constituents in this report are presented in 

appendix 1 (tables 1–2 and 1–5).

In general, overall median ammonia concentrations 

(total and dissolved) were spatially variable across the State 

(fig. 5). Seasonally, median ammonia concentrations generally were highest during winter and lowest in summer (fig. 5). 

No distinct national standards for ammonia exist and North 

Dakota State standards vary based on water temperature and 

pH (North Dakota Department of Health, 2010). Median 

ammonia concentrations for the period of record at all of the 

sites (139 sites) ranged from less than 0.04 mg/L as nitrogen 

at 64 sites to 0.59 mg/L as nitrogen at the Square Butte Creek 

below Center, N. Dak. (site 140) (appendix table 1–5). 

The highest overall median nitrate plus nitrite concentrations (total and dissolved) tended to occur in the Red River of 

the North Basin (fig. 6). This pattern of high concentrations 

in the Red River of the North Basin particularly was evident 

during the spring season, and may reflect fertilizer application to row crops and other cropland in that area. This pattern was reversed during the winter season, with the lowest 

median concentrations occurring in the Red River of the North 

Basin. No median concentrations exceeded the North Dakota 

drinking-water standard. In North Dakota, nitrate plus nitrite 

concentrations cannot exceed 10 mg/L for any waters used as 

a municipal or domestic drinking-water supply (North Dakota 

Department of Health, 2010). Median nitrate plus nitrite 

concentrations for the period of records ranged from less than 

0.10 mg/L as nitrogen at 98 out of 150 sites to 1.60 mg/L as 

nitrogen at Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. (site 66) (appendix table 1–5). 

Median dissolved and total phosphorus concentrations 

across North Dakota generally were greater for the Red, 

Souris, and James River Basins than river basins in the southwest part of the State (figs. 1, 7, and 8). Median dissolved 

phosphorus concentrations tended to be similar among the 

seasons (fig. 7), whereas median total phosphorus concentrations tended to be higher in the summer than other seasons 

(fig. 8), particularly in the Souris River, Devils Lake, and 

James River Basins. No water-quality standards have been 

defined by the USEPA or North Dakota for dissolved or total 

phosphorus concentrations. Median dissolved phosphorus 

concentrations for the period of record ranged from less than 

0.01 mg/L as phosphorus at 11 out of 128 sites to 0.55 mg/L as 

phosphorus at Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. (site 30) (appendix table 1–5). Median total phosphorus concentrations for the 

period of record ranged from less than 0.01 mg/L as phosphorus at the Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. (site 

115) to 0.51 mg/L as phosphorus at the Elm River near Kelso, 

N. Dak. (site 51) (appendix table 1–5). The relatively low total 

phosphorus at site 115 may be because the site is below a dam. 

Total phosphorus includes inorganic and organic phosphorus. 

Inorganic phosphorus can be adsorbed to sediment particles 

that may be retained in the upstream reservoir by settling 

and organic phosphorus also may be retained in the upstream 

reservoir by biological processes (Hem, 1985). 

Median dissolved and total organic carbon concentrations tended to be lowest in samples collected at sites located 

in the eastern part of the State compared with other median 

concentrations at sites throughout the remainder of the State 

(figs. 9 and 10). No water-quality standards have been defined 

by the USEPA or North Dakota for dissolved or total organic 

carbon concentrations. Median dissolved organic carbon 

concentrations for the period of record ranged from 3.3 mg/L 

as carbon at the Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 

(site 115) to 30.0 mg/L as carbon at Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. (site 174) (table 1–5). Median 

total organic carbon concentrations for the period of record 

ranged from 4.0 mg/L as carbon at the Missouri River near 

Schmidt, N. Dak. (site 159) to 24.0 mg/L as carbon at the East 

Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. (site 108) (appendix 

table 1–5). 

Trace Metals

Trace-metal concentrations generally are much lower 

than dissolved major ion and nutrient concentrations in 

streams in North Dakota. Trace metals in streams exist in both 

dissolved and particulate form. Constituents selected for presentation in this section were chosen dependent on the amount 

of data available, and included only the total concentration 

(includes dissolved and particulate concentrations). Analyses for many trace metals were performed on water samples 

collected from sites across North Dakota from 1993 through 

2008, but only information concerning the concentrations of 

total aluminum, total arsenic, total chromium, total iron, total 

lead, and total nickel are presented in this section. Period of 

record summary statistics for all of the constituents analyzed 

and seasonal medians for selected constituents in this report 

are presented in appendix 1 (tables 1–3 and 1–5).

Median total aluminum concentrations generally were 

higher in samples from sites in the southern and eastern 

parts of the State compared to concentrations in other parts 

of the State (fig. 11). Median concentrations exceeded the 

USEPA secondary drinking-water regulation for aluminum of 

200 micrograms per liter (μg/L) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009) at 45 out of 57 sites with available data. 

Seasonal variations indicated higher median total aluminum 

concentrations during spring and summer and lower concentrations during winter at many locations. Median total aluminum concentrations for the period of record ranged from less 

than 100 μg/L at 7 out 57 sites to 20,050 μg/L at the Little 

Missouri River near Marmarth, N. Dak. (site 110) (appendix 

table 1–5). 
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 23

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

Less than 0.040.04 to 0.06

0.06 to 0.09

Greater than 0.09

Concentration, in milligrams per liter as nitrogen

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 5. Spatial distribution of median ammonia concentrations (total and dissolved), in milligrams per liter as nitrogen, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
24 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri Red River of River Basin the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri River Basin EXPLANATION

Less than 0.100.11 to 0.20

0.21 to 0.30Greater than 0.30

Concentration, in milligrams per liter as nitrogen

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 6. Spatial distribution of median nitrate plus nitrite concentrations (total and dissolved), in milligrams per liter as nitrogen, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 25

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

Less than 0.01 to 0.030.03 to 0.09

0.09 to 0.16Greater than 0.16

Concentration, in milligrams per liter as phosphorus

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 7. Spatial distribution of median dissolved phosphorus concentrations, in milligrams per liter as phosphorus, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for 

the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
26 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri Red River of River Basin the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri River Basin EXPLANATION

Less than 0.01 to 0.100.11 to 0.20

0.21 to 0.30Greater than 0.30

Concentration, in milligrams per liter as phosphorus

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 8. Spatial distribution of median total phosphorus concentrations, in milligrams per liter as phosphorus, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 27

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

3.3 to 10.010.0 to 12.0

12.0 to 16.0Greater than 16.0

Concentration, in milligrams per liter as carbon

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 9. Spatial distribution of median dissolved organic carbon concentrations, in milligrams per liter as carbon, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for 

the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
28 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri Red River of River Basin the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri River Basin EXPLANATION

4.0 to 9.09.0 to 12.0

12.0 to 16.0Greater than 16.0

Concentration, in milligrams per liter as carbon

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 10. Spatial distribution of median total organic carbon concentrations, in milligrams per liter as carbon, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 29

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

Less than 100 to 200200 to 500

500 to 1,500Greater than 1,500

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 11.(1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).

Spatial distribution of median total aluminum concentrations, in micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record 
30 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Median total arsenic concentrations in North Dakota 

indicate that the lowest values occurred mostly in the 

southwestern parts of the State, whereas the highest values 

occurred mostly in the eastern parts of the State (fig. 12). The 

median arsenic concentration exceeded the USEPA and North 

Dakota standards of 10.0 μg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009 and North Dakota Department of Health, 

2010) at only one site for the period of record (site 3; only 

one sample available). The median arsenic concentrations for 

the spring exceeded 10.0 μg/L at two sites, and the median 

concentrations for the summer exceeded 10.0 μg/L at three 

sites. Seasonal variations indicated higher median total arsenic 

concentrations in samples collected during summer and lower 

concentrations from samples collected during spring and winter at many locations. Median total arsenic concentrations for 

the period of record ranged from 1.3 μg/L at the Heart River 

near Mandan, N. Dak. (site 156) to 24.9 μg/L at the Red River 

of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. (site 3; only one sample 

available) (appendix table 1–5). 

Median total chromium concentrations in water samples 

collected across North Dakota generally were greater in the far 

eastern and western areas of the State, and no median concentrations exceeded the USEPA and North Dakota standards 

for chromium of 100 μg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 2009 and North Dakota Department of Health, 2010) 

(fig. 13). Seasonal variations indicated higher median total 

chromium concentrations in samples collected during spring 

and lower concentrations from samples collected during 

winter at many locations. Median total chromium concentrations for the period of record ranged from less than 1.2 μg/L at 

34 out of 60 sites to 21.0 μg/L at the Little Missouri River at 

Marmarth, N. Dak. (site 110) (appendix table 1–5). 

Median total iron concentrations in North Dakota were 

lowest in the Souris, Sheyenne, and James River Basins compared to sites in other parts of North Dakota (figs. 1 and 14). 

Median total iron concentrations exceeded the USEPA 

secondary drinking-water standard for iron of 300 μg/L (U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 2009) at 66 out of 78 sites. 

Median total iron concentration for the period of record ranged 

from 11 μg/L at the Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba (site 79) to 20,150 μg/L at the Little Missouri River at 

Marmarth, N. Dak. (site 110) (appendix table 1–5). 

The highest median total lead concentrations in water 

samples were scattered across North Dakota (fig. 15). Median 

total lead concentrations only exceeded the USEPA and North 

Dakota standards for lead concentration in drinking water of 

15.0 μg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009 and 

North Dakota Department of Health, 2010) at two sites from 

samples collected in the spring. Seasonal variations indicated 

higher median total lead concentrations during spring and 

lower concentrations during winter at many locations, particularly in the Red River of the North Basin. Median total 

lead concentrations for the period of record ranged from less 

than 1.0 μg/L (at 30 out of 60 sites) to 12.8 μg/L at the Little 

Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. (site 110) (appendix 

table 1–5). 

Median total nickel concentrations were higher at a few 

sites in the southwest and eastern parts of North Dakota compared to other sites (fig. 16). No median nickel concentrations 

exceeded the North Dakota regulation for nickel concentration in waters for human usage of 100.0 μg/L (North Dakota 

Department of Health, 2010). Seasonal variations indicated 

higher median total nickel concentrations in samples collected 

during spring and lower concentrations from samples collected during winter at many locations. Median total nickel 

concentrations for the period of record ranged from 2.0 μg/L 

at Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. (site 97) to 26.0 μg/L 

at the Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. (site 110) 

(appendix table 1–5). 

Suspended Sediment and Suspended Solids

Suspended sediment in water is the particulate matter that 

consists of soil and rock particles eroded from the landscape. 

Sediment can be transported in the water column or can settle 

to the streambed. The movement of suspended sediment in 

streams is important in the fate and transport of chemicals in 

the environment because the particles can sorb nutrients, trace 

elements, and organic compounds. Large concentrations of 

suspended sediment often are associated with storm-runoff 

events that increase streamflow, erosion, and resuspension of 

bed material (Guy, 1970). Activities such as row-crop agriculture, animal grazing, timber harvesting, mining, road construction and maintenance, and urbanization can cause increased 

sediment concentrations in streams (Guy, 1970).

Suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and total suspended solids (TSS) are commonly used to quantify concentrations of suspended solid-phase material in surface water. 

Often TSS is used as a surrogate for SSC, which includes the 

inorganic sand, silt, and clay matrix transported in streams, 

and SSC and TSS frequently have been used interchangeably; however, the analytical methods differ and the two may 

not be equivalent when solid-phase material, especially sand, 

becomes more concentrated (Gray and others, 2000). SSC 

analytical methods measure all the sediment and the mass 

of the entire water-sediment mixture of the original sample; 

TSS methods only use an aliquot of the original sample for 

subsequent analysis. SSC typically is used to analyze natural 

water, whereas TSS originally was designed for wastewater discharge analyses and later was extended operationally 

to include natural water (Gray and others, 2000). Gray and 

others (2000) show that TSS is fundamentally unreliable for 

the analysis of solid-phase material in natural-water samples 

with sand-size material, but concluded that the SSC method 

produces relatively reliable results regardless of the amount 

or percentage of sand-size material. Gray and others (2000) 

also concluded that SSC and TSS data collected from natural 

water are not comparable and should not be used interchangeably, and that the accuracy and comparability of suspended 

solid-phase concentrations of natural waters would be greatly 

enhanced if SSC data were used.
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 31

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

Less than 1.0 to 3.53.5 to 4.5

4.5 to 5.5Greater than 5.5

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 12. Spatial distribution of median total arsenic concentrations, in micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record (1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
32 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri Red River of River Basin the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri River Basin EXPLANATION

Less than 1.21.2 to 2.0

2.0 to 4.0Greater than 4.0

Concentration, in micrograms per liter 

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 13. Spatial distribution of median total chromium concentrations, in micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record (1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 33

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

Less than 10 to 300

300 to 800

800 to 1,400Greater than 1,400

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 14. Spatial distribution of median total iron concentrations, in micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record 

(1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
34 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri Red River of River Basin the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri River Basin EXPLANATION

Less than 1.01.0 to 1.5

1.5 to 2.5Greater than 2.5

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 15. Spatial distribution of median total lead concentrations, in micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record 

(1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
Median Concentrations of Selected Constituents 35

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

2.0 to 5.05.0 to 7.0

7.0 to 10.0Greater than 10.0

Concentration, in micrograms per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 16.(1993 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).

Spatial distribution of median total nickel concentrations, in micrograms per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record 
36 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Median SSC and TSS in water samples obtained across 

North Dakota were higher at sites located in southwestern 

and eastern areas of North Dakota compared to sites located 

in other areas of the State (figs. 17 and 18). No USEPA or 

North Dakota standards have been established for TSS or SSC. 

Median SSC for the period of record at a sampling site ranged 

from 2 mg/L at the Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 

(site 115) to 1,028 mg/L at the Little Missouri River near 

Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114). Median TSS for the period 

of record at a sampling site ranged from less than 10 mg/L at 

15 out of 63 sites to 314 mg/L at the Little Missouri River near 

Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114) (appendix table 1–5). The relatively low SSC and TSS at site 115 are likely because the site 

is located below a dam, where sediment particles are retained 

in the upstream reservoir through settling. The higher values 

in the Little Missouri River may be because of the occurrence 

of highly erodible soils in the area and the lack of any control 

structures or reservoirs on the Little Missouri River that would 

retain sediment.

Yields of Selected Constituents

Normalized annual loads and yields were estimated for 

sulfate, TDS, nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite and ammonia), 

phosphorus (total and dissolved), total organic carbon, and 

suspended sediment at 34 sites across North Dakota. Information on the load model calibration periods and results are 

given in table 3. To facilitate comparisons between sites, this 

section focuses on the estimated yields. Loads, which are 

highly dependent on streamflow, were computed primarily to 

obtain yields. 

Sulfate and Total Dissolved Solids

Normalized annual sulfate yields ranged from 9,250 

to 56,200 lbs/yr/mi2 in the Missouri River Basin and from 

4,680 to 72,500 lbs/yr/mi2 in the Red River of the North 

Basin (fig. 19 and table 4). The highest yields (greater than 

45,200 lbs/yr/mi2) were at five sites in the Missouri River 

Basin (site 112 on the Little Missouri River; sites 149 and 156 

on the Heart River; site 169 on Cedar Creek; and site 170 on 

the Cannonball River) and two sites in the Red River of the 

North Basin (site 45 on the Maple River and site 55 on the 

Goose River) (figs. 1 and 19; table 4). The lowest yields (less 

than 12,200 lbs/yr/mi2) were at two sites in the Missouri River 

Basin (site 158 on Apple Creek and site 176 on the James 

River) and six sites in the Red River of the North Basin (sites 

32 and 37 on the Sheyenne River; and sites 82, 85, 89, and 98 

on the Souris River) (figs. 1 and 19; table 4)

Normalized annual TDS yields ranged from 30,400 

to 119,000 lbs/yr/mi2 in the Missouri River Basin and from 

13,000 to 169,000 lbs/yr/mi2 in the Red River of the North 

Basin (fig. 19 and table 4). The highest yields (greater than 

107,000 lbs/yr/mi2) were at three sites in the Missouri River 

Basin (site 112 in the Little Missouri River and sites 149 and 

156 on the Heart River) and at four sites in the Red River of 

the North Basin (site 45 on the Maple River; site 55 on the 

Goose River; and sites 11 and 79 on the Red River of the 

North) (figs. 1 and 19; table 4). The lowest yields (43,600 lbs/

yr/mi2 or less) were at two sites in the Missouri River Basin 

(site 158 on Apple Creek and site 176 on the James River) 

and seven sites in the Red River of the North Basin (sites 32 

and 37 on the Sheyenne River; site 33 on Baldhill Creek; and 

sites 82, 85, 89, and 98 on the Souris River) (figs. 1 and 19; 

table 4).

Nutrients

Normalized annual nitrate plus nitrite yields ranged 

from 24 to 120 lbs/yr/mi2 as nitrogen in the Missouri River 

Basin and from 2 to 1,260 lbs/yr/mi2 as nitrogen in the Red 

River of the North Basin (fig. 20 and table 4). The highest 

yields (greater than 120 lbs/yr/mi2) were at eight sites in the 

Red River of the North Basin (site 21 on Edmore Coulee; 

site 45 on the Maple River; site 55 on the Goose River; site 

67 on the Park River; site 75 on the Pembina River; site 76 

on the Tongue River; and sites 56 and 79 on the Red River 

of the North) (figs. 1 and 20; table 4). The lowest yields (less 

than 33 lbs/yr/mi2) were at three sites in the Missouri River 

Basin (sites 115 and 142 on the Missouri River and site 158 

on Apple Creek) and five sites in the Red River of the North 

Basin (site 32 on the Sheyenne River and sites 82, 85, 89, and 

98 on the Souris River) (figs. 1 and 20; table 4).

Normalized annual ammonia yields ranged from 6 to 

22 lbs/yr/mi2 as nitrogen in the Missouri River Basin and from 

4 to 62 lbs/yr/mi2 as nitrogen in the Red River of the North 

Basin (fig. 20 and table 4). The highest yields (greater than 

22 lbs/yr/mi2) were at six sites in the Red River of the North 

Basin (site 10 on the Wild Rice River; site 45 on the Maple 

River; site 55 on the Goose River; site 76 on the Tongue 

River; and sites 5 and 79 on the Red River of the North) (figs. 

1 and 20; table 4). The lowest yields (less than 8 lbs/yr/mi2) 

were at one site in the Missouri River Basin (site 112 on the 

Little Missouri River) and five sites in the Red River of the 

North Basin (site 32 on the Sheyenne River and sites 82, 85, 

89, and 98 on the Souris River) (figs. 1 and 20; table 4).

Normalized annual dissolved phosphorus yields ranged 

from less than 1 to 35 lbs/yr/mi2 as phosphorus in the Missouri 

River Basin and from 5 to 47 lbs/yr/mi2 as phosphorus in the 

Red River of the North Basin (fig. 20 and table 4). The highest yields (greater than 39 lbs/yr/mi2

) were at four sites in the 

Red River of the North Basin (site 55 on the Goose River and 

sites 11, 56, and 79 on the Red River of the North) (figs. 1 and 

20; table 4). The lowest yields (less than 8 lbs/yr/mi2) were at 

four sites in the Missouri River Basin (site 114 on the Little 

Missouri River; site 115 on the Missouri River; site 156 on the 

Heart River; and site 170 on the Cannonball River) and two 

sites in the Red River of the North Basin (sites 85 and 89 on 

the Souris River) (figs. 1 and 20; table 4).
Yields of Selected Constituents 37

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

99° 102°

48°

46°

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

Missouri

Red River of 

River 

Basin

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Red River of 

the North Basin

Missouri

River

Basin

Missouri

River 

Basin

EXPLANATION

Less than 1 30 to 50

50 to 90Greater than 90

Concentration, in milligrams per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 17. Spatial distribution of suspended-sediment concentrations, in milligrams per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
38 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri Red River of River Basin the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri River Basin EXPLANATION

Less than 10 to 2020 to 30

30 to 40Greater than 40

Concentration, in milligrams per liter

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14

Period of record Spring

Summer Winter

Figure 18. Spatial distribution of total suspended-solids concentrations, in milligrams per liter, for selected stream sites in North Dakota for the period of record (1970 through 2008), spring (March through June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February).
Yields of Selected Constituents 39

Table 3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

[Q, natural log discharge; BpQ, natural log of discharge with a break point; T, time; SS, season; CEN, data had more than 80 percent censored values; ISD, insufficient data; --, not used]

Map 

identification 

number

Site name

Calibration 

data range, 

years

Median year

for normalized 

load calculation

Selected 

model 

explanatory 

variables

Regression 

coefficient 

(β1) for Q

Coefficient of 

determination

Sulfate

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1970–1999 1984.5 BpQ 0.96 85.1

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T 0.91 94.6

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T 1.17 93.8

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 1973–2008 1990.5 Q+T+SS 0.86 97.6

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 1973–2008 1990.5 Q+T+SS 0.86 93.7

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T 0.92 97.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1990 Q+T 0.85 97.5

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 1973–2008 1990.5 Q+T 0.91 96.8

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 1995–2000 2001 Q+T+SS 0.81 96.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T 0.85 95.8

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.95 90.8

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 1971–2008 1989.5 Q+T 0.97 97.2

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.90 98.6

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1990 Q+T+SS 0.90 98.0

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1990 Q 0.95 97.2

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 1977–2004 1990.5 Q+T+SS 0.91 89.2

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1990.5 Q+T+SS 0.92 95.6

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.91 97.7

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.90 96.1

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.91 95.3

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1990 Q+T 0.74 96.7

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1989.5 Q+T+SS 0.80 90.9

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 1971–2007 1989 Q+T 0.95 90.2

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q 0.67 89.7

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.79 91.3

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1971–2008 1989.5 Q+T+SS 0.95 90.7

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 1973–2008 1990.5 Q+T 0.81 92.7

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1971–2008 1989.5 Q+T+SS 0.84 96.2

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1990 Q+T+SS 0.85 96.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1973–2008 1990.5 Q+SS 0.94 95.2

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1971–2008 1989.5 Q+T 0.87 92.4

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1990 Q+T 0.84 96.6

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 1975–2008 1991 Q+T 0.88 96.6

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 1972–2007 1989.5 Q+T 0.82 97.9

Total dissolved solids

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1970–1974 1984.5 Q+SS 0.99 97.4

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1970–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 0.91 96.6

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1970–2003 1989 Q+T 1.01 97.8

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 1973–2003 1990.5 Q+T+SS 0.92 98.9
40 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Table 3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Q, natural log discharge; BpQ, natural log of discharge with a break point; T, time; SS, season; CEN, data had more than 80 percent censored values; ISD, 

insufficient data; --, not used]

Map 

identification 

number

Site name

Calibration 

data range, 

years

Median year

for normalized 

load calculation

Selected 

model 

explanatory 

variables

Regression 

coefficient 

(β1

) for Q

Coefficient of 

determination

Total dissolved solids—Continued

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 1973–2003 1990.5 Q+T 0.89 96.6

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 1970–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 0.93 97.5

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1990 Q+T+SS 0.88 98.5

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 1973–2007 1990.5 Q+T 0.88 97.6

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 1995–2000 2001 BpQ+T+SS 0.90 98.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1970–2007 1989 Q+T 0.86 97.1

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 1971–2006 1989 Q+T 0.94 96.7

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 1971–2006 1989.5 Q+T 0.92 97.1

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 1970–2006 1989 Q+T 0.89 98.9

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 1973–2006 1990 Q+T+SS 0.89 98.8

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1972–2003 1990 BpQ 1.00 99.6

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 1977–2000 1990.5 Q+T 0.86 96.8

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1973–2008 1990.5 Q+SS 0.88 97.2

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.92 98.4

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1970–2002 1989 Q+T 0.87 97.1

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.91 96.8

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 1973–2007 1990 Q+T 0.77 97.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1972–2007 1989.5 Q+T+SS 0.78 96.8

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 1971–2007 1989 Q+T 0.96 95.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 1970–2007 1989 Q 0.69 90.5

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1970–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 0.77 93.6

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1971–2003 1989.5 Q 1.03 81.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 1973–2007 1990.5 Q 0.82 94.9

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1971–2007 1989.5 Q+T 0.83 97.6

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1972–2003 1990 Q+T+SS 0.83 97.3

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1973–2007 1990.5 Q 0.92 96.0

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1971–2007 1989.5 Q+T 0.85 94.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1972–2007 1990 Q+T 0.83 97.8

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 1974–2003 1991 Q+T+SS 0.92 98.6

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 1972–2007 1989.5 Q+T 0.91 98.8

Ammonia, dissolved and total as nitrogen

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1970–1999 1984.5 Q+T+SS 1.01 62.4

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1982–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 1.04 85.2

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1991–2008 1989 BpQ+SS 0.91 73.4

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 1987–2004 1990.5 Q+SS 0.93 80.3

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 1987–2003 1990.5 Q+SS 0.97 86.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 1979–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 0.72 68.4

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1979–1996 1990 Q+SS 0.96 89.4
Yields of Selected Constituents 41

Table 3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Q, natural log discharge; BpQ, natural log of discharge with a break point; T, time; SS, season; CEN, data had more than 80 percent censored values; ISD, 

insufficient data; --, not used]

Map 

identification 

number

Site name

Calibration 

data range, 

years

Median year

for normalized 

load calculation

Selected 

model 

explanatory 

variables

Regression 

coefficient 

(β1) for Q

Coefficient of 

determination

Ammonia, dissolved and total as nitrogen—Continued

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1990.5 Q+T+SS 1.57 76.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 1997–2007 2001 Q+SS 1.08 82.7

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.05 61.1

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 1992–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.28 79.5

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989.5 Q+SS 0.67 44.6

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 1994–2007 1989 Q+SS 0.84 80.2

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1990 CEN CEN CEN

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1979–2004 1990 Q+SS 0.85 88.1

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 1978–2004 1990.5 Q+T+SS 1.22 79.2

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1974–2008 1990.5 Q+SS 0.82 78.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 1981–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.92 81.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1981–2000 1989 Q+T+SS 0.85 78.2

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1970–2006 1989 Q+T+SS 0.77 60.3

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 1979–2007 1990 Q 0.98 52.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1989.5 Q+T+SS 0.96 79.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 CEN CEN CEN

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 1.12 59.9

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 1.19 76.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1971–2001 1989.5 CEN CEN CEN

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 1995–2007 1990.5 Q+SS 1.57 74.7

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1978–2007 1989.5 BpQ+SS 0.42 85.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1990 Q+SS 1.10 89.1

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1994–2007 1990.5 Q+SS 1.44 91.3

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1978–2007 1989.5 Q+T+SS 1.19 82.9

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1987–2007 1990 Custom 

period January–March

0.93 73.3

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 1987–2007 1989.5 Q+SS 0.93 82.7

Nitrate + nitrite dissolved and total as nitrogen

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1971–1999 1984.5 Q+T+SS 1.24 52.6

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1972–2007 1989 Q+SS 1.34 86.3

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1971–2008 1989 BpQ+SS -- 86.5

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 1987–2004 1990.5 Q+SS 1.41 88.7

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 1983–2004 1990.5 Q+SS 1.30 87.5

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 1971–2007 1989 Q+SS 1.26 76.6

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1979–1996 1990 Q+SS 1.45 95.6

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1990.5 Q+SS 1.64 83.7
42 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Table 3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Q, natural log discharge; BpQ, natural log of discharge with a break point; T, time; SS, season; CEN, data had more than 80 percent censored values; ISD, 

insufficient data; --, not used]

Map 

identification 

number

Site name

Calibration 

data range, 

years

Median year

for normalized 

load calculation

Selected 

model 

explanatory 

variables

Regression 

coefficient 

(β1

) for Q

Coefficient of 

determination

Nitrate + nitrite dissolved and total as nitrogen—Continued

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 1997–2007 2001 Q+SS 1.78 90.9

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.45 72.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 1.31 83.3

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989.5 Q+T+SS 1.25 72.2

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.29 89.8

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1990 Q+SS 1.48 87.7

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1979–2004 1990 BpQ -- 81.8

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 1978–2004 1990.5 Q+SS 1.37 84.7

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1974–2008 1990.5 Q+T+SS 1.17 90.9

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.14 83.3

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1981–2000 1989 Q+SS 1.24 73.8

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1972–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 0.97 61.5

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1990 Q 1.52 78.3

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989.5 Q 1.41 74.1

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 1972–2007 1989 Q+T 1.10 56.6

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 1.26 72.4

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 Q+SS 1.42 79.5

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1971–2001 1989.5 Q+T+SS 1.53 66.2

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 1995–2007 1990.5 Q+SS 1.51 72.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1978–2007 1989.5 Q+T+SS 1.32 88.8

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1990 Q+SS 1.48 92.2

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1994–2007 1990.5 BpQ+SS -- 83.1

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1972–2007 1989.5 Q+SS 1.42 81.9

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1985–2007 1990 Q+SS 1.32 83.7

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 1984–2007 1989.5 Q+T+SS 1.25 83.8

Phosphorus, dissolved as phosphorus

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1970–1999 1984.5 BpQ -- 13.5

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1971–2007 1989 Q+T 0.93 88.1

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.27 82.4

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 1970–2007 1989 Q+SS 0.95 89.4

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1979–1980 1990 Q+SS 1.21 94.6

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1990.5 Q+SS 1.22 84.5

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989 BpQ -- 81.3

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 1971–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.20 82.1
Yields of Selected Constituents 43

Table 3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Q, natural log discharge; BpQ, natural log of discharge with a break point; T, time; SS, season; CEN, data had more than 80 percent censored values; ISD, 

insufficient data; --, not used]

Map 

identification 

number

Site name

Calibration 

data range, 

years

Median year

for normalized 

load calculation

Selected 

model 

explanatory 

variables

Regression 

coefficient 

(β1

) for Q

Coefficient of 

determination

Phosphorus, dissolved as phosphorus—Continued

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 2005–2008 1989.5 Q 1.51 85.5

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 2005–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.47 88.7

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 2005–2008 1990 Q+T 1.26 92.8

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 1978–2004 1990.5 BpQ -- 86.2

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1974–2006 1990.5 Q+SS 0.80 92.1

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 1981–2007 1989 Q 0.88 97.3

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1981–2000 1989 Q+T+SS 0.92 88.2

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1970–1994 1989 Q+T+SS 0.93 82.9

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1989.5 Q 1.18 76.2

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 1971–2007 1989 Q+T 1.14 37.6

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1989 Q+SS 2.02 83.3

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1989 Q 1.46 64.9

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1978–2007 1989.5 Q 1.44 82.6

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1977–1981 1990 Q 0.81 80.3

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 2006–2007 1990.5 ISD ISD ISD

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1978–2007 1989.5 Q+SS 1.20 82.5

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1985–2007 1990 Q+SS 1.10 94.2

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 1984–2007 1989.5 Q+T 1.21 91.2

Phosphorus, total as phosphorus

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1970–1999 1984.5 Q 1.00 76.9

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1994–2007 1989 Q+SS 1.10 96.5

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 1.44 92.9

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 1989–2004 1990.5 Q+SS 1.02 96.5

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 1989–2004 1990.5 Q 0.97 96.1

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 1979–2007 1989 Q+SS 1.05 90.8

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1979–1996 1990 Q+SS 1.15 97.1

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1990.5 Q+SS 1.30 91.5

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 1997–2007 2001 Q+T+SS 1.09 83.4

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989 Q 1.30 89.8

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 1971–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 1.14 93.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989.5 Q 1.32 84.2

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.17 93.6

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1990 Q+T 1.46 98.1
44 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Table 3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Q, natural log discharge; BpQ, natural log of discharge with a break point; T, time; SS, season; CEN, data had more than 80 percent censored values; ISD, 

insufficient data; --, not used]

Map 

identification 

number

Site name

Calibration 

data range, 

years

Median year

for normalized 

load calculation

Selected 

model 

explanatory 

variables

Regression 

coefficient 

(β1

) for Q

Coefficient of 

determination

Phosphorus, total as phosphorus—Continued

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1979–2004 1990 Q 1.08 95.8

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 1978–2004 1990.5 BpQ+SS -- 89.4

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1974–2008 1990.5 BpQ+T+SS -- 95.5

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 1981–2008 1989 Q+SS 0.91 95.2

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1981–2000 1989 Q+T+SS 0.82 90.4

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+SS 0.94 89.2

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 1979–2007 1990 Q+SS 1.55 89.3

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989.5 Q+SS 1.60 82.3

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 0.63 25.3

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 1.47 82.9

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 Q+T+SS 1.42 82.2

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1971–2001 1989.5 Q+SS 1.44 29.1

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 1995–2007 1990.5 Q+SS 1.33 86.5

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1978–2007 1989.5 Q+T+SS 1.42 88.6

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1977–2007 1990 BpQ + SS -- 94.9

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1994–2007 1990.5 Q 1.20 91.8

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1975–2007 1989.5 BpQ+T+SS -- 89.4

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1987–2007 1990 Q+SS 1.02 97.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 1986–2007 1989.5 Q+T+SS 1.00 83.1

Organic carbon, total as carbon

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 2006–2008 1989 Q+T 1.05 98.5

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 1979–2007 1990.5 Q+T 1.06 84.9

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 2006–2008 1989 Q 1.07 99.4

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 2006–2008 1989 Q 1.05 98.6

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 2006–2008 1989.5 Q+SS 1.23 99.3

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 2006–2008 1989 Q+SS 1.03 99.8

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 2006–2008 1990 Q 1.14 99.6

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1974–2008 1990.5 Q+T+SS 1.00 98.5
Yields of Selected Constituents 45

Table 3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Q, natural log discharge; BpQ, natural log of discharge with a break point; T, time; SS, season; CEN, data had more than 80 percent censored values; ISD, 

insufficient data; --, not used]

Map 

identification 

number

Site name

Calibration 

data range, 

years

Median year

for normalized 

load calculation

Selected 

model 

explanatory 

variables

Regression 

coefficient 

(β1

) for Q

Coefficient of 

determination

Organic carbon, total as carbon—Continued

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 1981–2008 1989 Q+SS 0.96 98.9

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1982–1998 1989 Q+SS 0.98 98.8

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1970–2008 1989 Q+T 0.95 95.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989.5 Q+T 0.99 84.2

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 1974–1981 1989 Q+T+SS 0.92 44.9

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989 Q+T 1.12 86.5

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1971–1978 1989.5 Q+T 1.28 55.9

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1979–2007 1989.5 Q+T+SS 0.98 92.9

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1975–2007 1989.5 Q+T 1.07 96.8

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1988–2007 1990 Q+SS 1.03 99.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 1987–2007 1989.5 Q+SS 1.11 99.2

Suspended sediment

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1976–1994 1989 Q 1.16 93.9

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1976–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 1.60 81.4

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 1977–2001 1990.5 Q+T+SS 1.49 86.8

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 1994–2008 1989 Q+T 1.76 76.7

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 1974–2007 1989.5 Q+T 1.33 88.7

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 1978–2001 1990.5 Q+T+SS 1.23 90.8

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1974–1981 1990.5 Q 1.26 95.9

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1985–2000 1989 Q+T 1.01 74.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1974–1994 1989 Q+T+SS 0.94 83.6
46 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Table 3. Regression model characteristics for S-LOADEST models for selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Q, natural log discharge; BpQ, natural log of discharge with a break point; T, time; SS, season; CEN, data had more than 80 percent censored values; ISD, 

insufficient data; --, not used]

Map 

identification 

number

Site name

Calibration 

data range, 

years

Median year

for normalized 

load calculation

Selected 

model 

explanatory 

variables

Regression 

coefficient 

(β1

) for Q

Coefficient of 

determination

Suspended sediment—Continued

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1971–1994 1989.5 Q+SS 1.67 86.2

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 1975–2007 1989 Q+SS 1.24 60.5

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 1975–2008 1989 Q+T+SS 1.49 89.5

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1974–1993 1989 Q+SS 1.53 88.3

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1972–2001 1989.5 Q+T 2.01 46.5

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1972–1993 1989.5 Q+March–

June period

0.95 93.9

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1979–1981 1990 Q+SS 1.01 77.3

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1973–1992 1989.5 Q+T+SS 1.57 90.7

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1985–1995 1990 Q+SS 0.94 90.6

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. ISD ISD ISD ISD ISD

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 1985–1995 1989.5 Q+SS 0.94 91.8

Normalized annual total phosphorus yields ranged from 

less than 1 to 167 lbs/yr/mi2 as phosphorus in the Missouri 

River Basin and from 6 to 76 lbs/yr/mi2 as phosphorus in the 

Red River of the North Basin (fig. 20 and table 4). The highest yields (greater than 46 lbs/yr/mi2

) were at two sites in the 

Missouri River Basin (sites 112 and 114 on the Little Missouri River) and six sites in the Red River of the North Basin 

(site 20 on Mauvais Coulee; site 21 on Edmore Coulee; site 75 

on the Pembina River; site 76 on the Tongue River; and sites 5 

and 79 on the Red River of the North) (figs. 1 and 20; table 4). 

The lowest yields (less than 14 lbs/yr/mi2

) were at three sites 

in the Missouri River Basin (sites 115 and 142 on the Missouri 

River and site 169 on Cedar Creek) and five sites in the Red 

River of the North Basin (site 32 on the Sheyenne River; site 

45 on the Maple River; and sites 82, 85 and 89 on the Souris 

River) (figs. 1 and 20; table 4).

Normalized annual total organic carbon yields ranged 

from 426 to 2,670 lbs/yr/mi2 as carbon in the Missouri River 

Basin and from 394 to 11,100 lbs/yr/mi2 as carbon in the Red 

River of the North Basin (fig. 21 and table 4). The highest 

yields (greater than 2,100 lbs/yr/mi2

) were at two sites in the 

Missouri River Basin (site 115 on the Missouri River and site 

127 on the Knife River) and three sites in the Red River of 

the North Basin (site 11 and 56 on the Red River of the North 

and site 55 on the Goose River) (figs. 1 and 21; table 4). The 

lowest yields (less than 800 lbs/yr/mi2) were at one site in the 

Missouri River Basin (site 142 on the Missouri River) and 

four sites in the Red River of the North Basin (site 37 on the 

Sheyenne River and sites 82, 85 and 89 on the Souris River) 

(figs. 1 and 21; table 4).

Suspended Sediment

Normalized annual suspended-sediment yields ranged 

from 519 to 622,000 lbs/yr/mi2 in the Missouri River Basin 

and from 1,500 to 78,800 lbs/yr/mi2

 in the Red River of the 

North Basin (fig. 22 and table 4). The highest yields (greater 

than 31,700 lbs/yr/mi2) were at three sites in the Missouri 

River Basin (sites 114 on the Little Missouri River; site 156 
Yields of Selected Constituents 47

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

Missouri River Basin

Red River of the 

North Basin

Sulfate

Total dissolved solids

Normalized annual yields, in pounds 

per year per square mile

! Less than 12,200

! 12,200 to 28,700

! 28,701 to 45,200

45,201 to 72,500

EXPLANATION

Normalized annual yields, in pounds 

per year per square mile

!

!

!

EXPLANATION

Less than 43,600

43,601 to 96,500

96,501 to 107,000

107,001 to 169,000

99° 102°

48°

46°

99°

102°

48°

46°

Missouri River Basin

Red River of the

North Basin

!

! !

!

! ! !

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

Figure 19. Spatial distribution of normalized annual sulfate and total dissolved solids yields for selected stream sites in North 

Dakota.
48 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 Table 4. Estimated normalized annual loads and yields for selected sites and water-quality constituents in North Dakota. [ID, identification; tons/yr; tons (short) per year; lbs/yr/mi2, pounds per year per square mile; N, nitrogen; --, not calculated; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; <, less than] Site ID number (table 1) Site name Sulfate Total dissolved solids Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N Ammonia, dissolved and total as N Annual load, tons/yr Annual yield, lbs/yr/mi2 Annual load, tons/yr Annual yield, lbs/yr/mi2 Annual load, tons/yr Annual yield, lbs/yr/mi2 Annual load, tons/yr Annual yield, lbs/yr/mi2

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 52,300 26,000 213,000 106,000 103 51 70 35

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 46,900 45,200 107,000 103,000 104 100 34 33

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 112,000 32,900 369,000 108,000 389 114 73 21

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 6,030 31,200 17,400 90,200 21 109 3 1521 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 3,760 19,700 11,400 59,400 29 154 2 1232 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 26,300 8,110 92,500 28,600 59 18 13 433 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 4,220 12,200 13,200 38,400 18 53 5 1437 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 52,500 11,900 164,000 37,400 203 46 35 845 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 41,300 55,800 114,000 154,000 934 1,260 22 3055 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 43,500 72,500 102,000 169,000 271 450 15 2456 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 396,000 26,300 1,510,000 99,900 2,340 155 314 2162 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 10,100 27,200 29,000 78,200 35 95 4 1067 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 12,900 37,200 37,200 107,000 130 375 4 1275 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 48,900 28,700 140,000 82,200 320 188 -- --76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1,970 24,700 8,000 99,900 12 153 5 6279 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 557,000 27,700 2,240,000 111,000 5,200 259 733 3682 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 21,000 4,680 57,900 13,000 25 6 16 485 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 42,000 7,930 116,000 21,900 35 7 25 589 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 48,900 7,930 146,600 23,800 46 7 24 498 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 65,500 7,760 210,000 24,900 20 2 46 5

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 174,000 56,200 368,000 119,000 370 120 18 6114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 188,000 45,200 349,000 83,900 409 98 33 8115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 3,604,000 39,700 8,940,000 98,800 2,270 25 -- --

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 10,200 37,300 23,800 86,800 9 33 6 22127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 48,600 43,400 112,000 99,900 64 58 22 20142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 3,890,000 41,700 9,930,000 107,000 2,190 24 -- --146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 45,400 51,900 84,600 96,500 65 75 10 12149 Heart River Richardton, N. Dak. 32,700 52,900 67,700 109,000 47 75 14 22156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 78,800 47,600 181,800 110,000 101 61 32 19158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 7,760 9,250 25,600 30,400 23 27 9 11169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 45,400 51,900 84,600 96,500 65 75 10 12170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 102,000 50,000 198,000 96,500 160 78 28 13176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 6,420 12,100 23,100 43,600 22 41 10 18180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 6,240 17,800 19,200 54,800 -- -- -- --182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 20,700 14,700 68,000 48,200 64 45 20 14
Yields of Selected Constituents 49

Table 4. Estimated normalized annual loads and yields for selected sites and water-quality constituents in North Dakota.—Continued[ID, identification; tons/yr; tons (short) per year; lbs/yr/mi2, pounds per year per square mile; N, nitrogen; --, not calculated; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; <, less than]

Site 

ID number 

(table 1)

Site name

Phosphorus, dissolved as P Phosphorus, total as P Organic carbon, total as C Suspended-sediment

Annual load, 

tons/yr 

Annual yield, 

lbs/yr/mi2

Annual load, 

tons/yr 

Annual yield, 

lbs/yr/mi2

Annual load, 

tons/yr 

Annual yield, 

lbs/yr/mi2

Annual load, 

tons/yr 

Annual 

yield, lbs/yr/

mi2

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 79 39 115 57 -- -- -- --

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 29 28 35 33 -- -- 13,200 12,700

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 156 46 117 34 37,800 11,100 78,000 22,900

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. -- -- 12 64 -- -- -- --21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. -- -- 11 56 -- -- -- --32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 28 9 40 12 -- -- -- --33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 6 16 8 23 -- -- -- --37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 34 8 87 20 3,450 785 56,500 12,80045 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. -- -- 7 10 -- -- -- --55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 28 47 28 46 1,420 2,360 -- --56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 614 41 590 39 35,200 2,330 430,000 28,50062 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 11 30 12 32 426 1,150 3,090 8,33067 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 13 39 15 42 561 1,610 -- --75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. -- -- 126 74 2,520 1,480 -- --76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. -- -- 5 57 -- -- -- --79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 875 44 1,530 76 -- -- 1,580,000 78,80082 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 8 17 26 6 1,760 394 7,090 1,58085 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 28 5 43 8 2,840 537 -- --89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 45 7 72 12 4,440 722 9,250 1,50098 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 107 13 117 14 8,460 1,000 13,000 1,540

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. -- -- 387 125 -- -- -- --114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 14 3 695 167 7,630 1,840 2,580,000 622,000115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 121 <1 218 <1 192,000 2,120 47,100 519

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 6 21 5 18 -- -- 2,040 7,420127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 13 12 27 24 3,000 2,670 35,500 31,700142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. -- -- 873 9 39,700 426 2,350,000 25,200146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. -- -- 9 10 -- -- -- --149 Heart River Richardton, N. Dak. -- -- 10 16 -- -- -- --156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 8 5 32 19 2,480 1,500 89,300 53,900158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 9 11 17 21 -- -- 1,140 1,350169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. -- -- 9 10 -- -- -- --170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 10 5 51 25 3,500 1,710 255,000 124,000176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 19 35 16 29 1,040 1,970 1,050 1,990180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 29 21 49 35 2,250 1,590 6,010 4,260
50 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° 99° 102° 48° 46° Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri Red River of River Basin the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Red River of the North Basin Missouri River Basin Missouri River Basin Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983 Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 14 Nitrate plus nitrite (total and dissolved as nitrogen) Ammonia (total and dissolved as nitrogen) Dissolved phosphorus as phosphorus Total phosphorus as phosphorus EXPLANATION Normalized annual yields, in pounds per year per square mile Less than 33 33 to 75 76 to 120 121 to 1,260 EXPLANATION Normalized annual yields, in pounds per year per square mile Less than 8 8 to 14 15 to 22 23 to 62 EXPLANATION

Normalized annual yields, in pounds per year per square mile

Less than 8 8 to 17 18 to 39 40 to 50

EXPLANATION

Normalized annual yields, in pounds per year per square mile

Less than 14 14 to 25 26 to 46 47 to 167

Figure 20. Spatial distribution of normalized annual nitrogen and phosphorus yields for selected stream sites in North Dakota.
Water-Quality Trend Analysis 51

on the Heart River; and site 170 on the Cannonball River) and 

one site in the Red River of the North Basin (site 79 on the 

Red River of the North) (figs. 1 and 22; table 4). The lowest 

yields (1,580 lbs/yr/mi2 or less) were at two sites in the Missouri River Basin (site 115 on the Missouri River and site 158 

on Apple Creek) and three sites in the Red River of the North 

Basin (sites 82, 89 and 98 on the Souris River) (figs. 1 and 22; 

table 4).

Water-Quality Trend Analysis

The results of the water-quality trend analysis for the 

stations and constituents used for this study are summarized in 

this section. Long-term variability in the fitted annual median 

of the measured concentrations (FAMC) (eq. 3) indicates the 

inter-annual variability in concentration that can be attributed to both the flow-related variability (ANN) and the trend 

(TREND). The trend indicates long-term changes in standardized concentrations (eq. 4) that are unrelated to streamflow. 

The fitted trends along with statistical significance levels 

(P-values) are given in table 5. Unless otherwise noted, the 

fitted trends discussed in this section were highly significant, 

as indicated by a generalized likelihood ratio test (Vecchia, 

2005) with a p-value less than 0.01. Thus, for any given station and constituent, the chance that the fitted trend could 

have occurred given the null hypothesis that the standardized 

concentrations were trend free was less than 1 percent (the 

data were trend free if their probability distribution remained 

the same for the entire trend-analysis period).

Sulfate and Total Dissolved Solids

The fitted annual median concentrations for sulfate at the 

10 sites analyzed for trends from 1975 through 2008 indicated 

a pattern of generally higher median concentrations during 

the latter half of the period (1993–2008) compared to earlier 

years for most of the sites (fig. 23). This pattern was particularly evident for the sites in eastern North Dakota (sites 10, 

32, 55, 56, and 82) and for two sites in western North Dakota 

(sites 125 and 127). The latter period corresponds with an 

extended period of wet conditions and high streamflows, 

especially in eastern North Dakota. Conversely, for two sites 

in western North Dakota (sites 114 and 170), median concentrations during 1993–2008 were somewhat lower compared 

to earlier years. The greatest ranges in annual median sulfate 

concentration were from 341 to 867 mg/L for the Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114) and from 

382 to 767 mg/L for the Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 

(site 170). 

The fitted trends for standardized sulfate concentrations 

indicated significant increases in concentration at five sites and 

a significant decrease in concentration at one site from 1975 

through 2008 (fig. 24 and table 5). Median standardized sulfate concentrations increased from about 55 to 106 mg/L for 

the Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. (site 56); 

262 to 308 mg/L for the Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 

(site 82); 455 to 506 mg/L for Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 

(site 125); 440 to 520 mg/L for the Knife River at Hazen, N. 

Dak. (site 127); and 380 to 435 mg/L for the Heart River near 

Mandan, N. Dak. (site 156). The fitted trend for the Little 

Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114) showed 

a decrease in median standardized concentration from about 

492 to 417 mg/L. No significant increase or decrease in sulfate 

Missouri River Basin

Red River of the 

North Basin

Normalized annual yields, in pounds 

per year per square mile

! Less than 800

! 801 to 1,600

! 1,601 to 2,100

2,101 to 11,100

99° EXPLANATION

102°

48°

46°

Figure 21. Spatial distribution of normalized annual total organic carbon yields for selected stream sites in North Dakota.
52 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

concentrations was detected at the Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. (site 10), Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, 

N. Dak. (site 32), Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. (site 55), 

or the Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. (site 170).

The fitted annual median TDS concentrations at the 

10 sites analyzed for trends (fig. 25) were relatively variable compared to sulfate (fig. 23). The greatest ranges in 

annual median TDS concentration were from about 480 

to 1,140 mg/L for the Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, 

N. Dak. (site 10), 630 to 1,170 mg/L for the Souris River near 

Sherwood, N. Dak. (site 82), and 720 to 1,950 mg/L for the 

Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114). 

The fitted trends for standardized TDS concentrations 

indicated significant increases in concentration at five sites 

from 1975 through 2008 (fig. 26 and table 5). The greatest 

increase in median standardized TDS concentrations was 

detected for the Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 

(site 10), where median concentrations increased from about 

690 to 1,120 mg/L from 1975 through 2008. Median standardized TDS concentrations increased from about 880 mg/L to 

1,000 mg/L for the Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. (site 

156); from about 1,090 to 1,210 mg/L for the Knife River at 

Hazen, N. Dak. (site 127); from about 1,000 to 1,110 mg/L 

for Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. (site 125); and from about 

280 to 420 mg/L at the Red River of the North at Grand Forks, 

N. Dak. (site 56). No significant trend in TDS concentrations was detected at the Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, 

N. Dak. (site 32), Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. (site 55), 

Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. (site 82), Little Missouri 

River near Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114), or Cannonball 

River at Breien, N. Dak. (site 170) (fig. 26).

Nitrate plus Nitrite and Total Phosphorus

The fitted annual median concentrations for nitrate plus 

nitrite (total and dissolved, as nitrogen) (fig. 27) were highly 

variable for sites in the Red River of the North Basin and the 

Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114). 

Concentrations varied from 0.12 to 0.50 mg/L for the Wild 

Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. (site 10), from 0.11 to 

0.41 mg/L for the Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 

(site 32), from 0.23 to 0.66 mg/L for the Red River of the 

North near Grand Forks, N. Dak. (site 56), and from 0.19 to 

0.59 mg/L for the Little Missouri River near Watford City, 

N. Dak. (site 114). Median concentrations for the other four 

sites did not vary more than 0.06 mg/L. 

The fitted trends for standardized nitrate plus nitrite 

concentrations indicated no significant increases or decreases 

in concentration for 7 of the 8 sites analyzed for trends from 

1975 through 2008 (fig. 28 and table 5); however, median 

standardized nitrate plus nitrite concentration for the Red 

River of the North near Grand Forks, N. Dak. (site 56) 

increased from about 0.26 to 0.45 mg/L as nitrogen during 

1990 to 2008 (data were not available for that site before 

1990). 

The fitted annual median concentrations for total phosphorus were not highly variable (fig. 29). The greatest variability in annual median total phosphorus concentration was 

observed for the Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. (site 

82), where median concentrations ranged from about 0.11 

to 0.40 mg/L as phosphorus, and the Little Missouri River near 

Watford city, N. Dak. (site 114), where median concentrations 

ranged from about 0.05 to 0.26 mg/L as phosphorus.

The fitted trends for standardized total phosphorus 

concentrations indicated significant decreases in concentration at 4 out of the 10 sites and a significant increase at 1 out 

Missouri River Basin

Red River of the 

North Basin

Normalized annual yields, in pounds 

per year per square mile

! Less than 1,580

! 1,581 to 12,700

! 12,701 to 31,700

31,701 to 622,000

EXPLANATION 99° 102°

48°

46°

Figure 22. Spatial distribution of normalized annual suspended-sediment yields for selected stream sites in North Dakota.
Water-Quality Trend Analysis 53

Table 5. Fitted trends for selected standardized constituent concentrations at selected sites in North Dakota. 

[ID, identification; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not calculated; <, less than; N, nitrogen; NA, insufficient data for analysis; P, phosphorus]

Site ID 

number 

(table 1)

Station Name

Estimated change 

in concentration from 

1975 to 2008 (percent)

P-value for 

trend coefficient

Sulfate, mg/L

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. No trend --

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. No trend --

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. No trend --

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 95 0.0009

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 18 <0.0001

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. -15 0.0047

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 11 0.0016

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 19 <0.0001

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 14 0.0005

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. No trend --

Total dissolved solids, mg/L

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 63 <0.0001

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. No trend --

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. No trend --

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 48 <0.0001

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. No trend --

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. No trend --

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 11 0.0005

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 11 <0.0001

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 13 0.0001

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. No trend --

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. No trend --

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. No trend --

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. NA --

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 170 <0.0001

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. No trend --

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. No trend --

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. NA --

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. No trend --

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. No trend --

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. No trend --

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. No trend1 --

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. No trend --

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. No trend1 --

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 160 0.0001

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. No trend --

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. No trend --

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. -51 <0.0001

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. -46 <0.0001

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. -47 <0.0001

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. -51 <0.0001

1

Change was analyzed only from 1990 to 2008.
54 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Cannonball River at Breien (site 170)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Heart River near Mandan (site 156)

Wild Rice River near Abercrombie (site 10)

10

100

1,000

10,000

Knife River at Hazen (site 127)

SRed River of the North at Grand Forks (Site 56) ulfate concentration, in milligrams per liter

10

100

1,000

10,000

Measured concentration

Fitted annual median concentration

Souris River near Sherwood (site 82)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

100

1,000

10,000

S Spring Creek at Zap (site 125) heyenne River near Cooperstown (site 32)

10

100

1,000

10,000

Goose River at Hillsboro (site 55)

10

100

1,000

10,000

Little Missouri River near Watford City (site 114)

EXPLANATION

Figure 23. Measured sulfate concentrations and fitted annual median concentrations from 1975 through 2008 for selected sites 

in North Dakota.
Water-Quality Trend Analysis 55

Figure 24. Standardized sulfate concentrations and fitted trends for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North Dakota.

Cannonball River at Breien (site 170)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Heart River near Mandan (site 156)

Wild Rice River near Abercrombie (site 10)

10

100

1,000

10,000

Knife River at Hazen (site 127)

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (Site 56) Sulfate concentration, in milligrams per liter

10

100

1,000

10,000

Standardized concentration

Fitted trend—Indicates a significant trend (p<0.01)

Souris River near Sherwood (site 82)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

10

100

1000

10,000

Sheyenne River near Cooperstown (site 32) Spring Creek at Zap (site 125)

10

100

1,000

10,000

Goose River at Hillsboro (site 55)

10

100

1,000

1,0000

Little Missouri River near Watford City (site 114)

EXPLANATION

No trend
56 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Cannonball River at Breien (site 170)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Heart River near Mandan (site 156)

Wild Rice River near Abercrombie (site 10)

100

1,000

10,000

Knife River at Hazen (site 127)

Souris River near Sherwood (site 82)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

100

1,000

10,000

Sheyenne R Spring Creek at Zap (site 125) iver near Cooperstown (site 32)

100

1,000

10,000

Goose River at Hillsboro (site 55)

100

1,000

10,000

Little Missouri River near Watford City (site 114)

EXPLANATION

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (Site 56)

Total dissolved solids concentration, in milligrams per liter

100

1,000

10,000

Measured concentration

Fitted annual median concentration

Figure 25. Measured total dissolved solids concentrations and fitted annual median concentrations for 1975 through 2008 for 

selected sites in North Dakota.
Water-Quality Trend Analysis 57

Figure 26. Standardized total dissolved solids concentrations and fitted trends for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North 

Dakota.

Cannonball River at Breien (site 170)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Heart River near Mandan (site 156)

Wild Rice River near Abercrombie (site 10)

100

1,000

1,0000

Knife River at Hazen (site 127)

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (Site 56)

Total dissolved solids concentration, in milligrams per liter

100

1,000

10,000

Souris River near Sherwood (site 82)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

100

1,000

10,000

Sheyenne River near Cooperstown (site 32) Spring Creek at Zap (site 125)

100

1,000

10,000

Goose River at Hillsboro (site 55)

100

1,000

10,000

Little Missouri River near Watford City (site 114)

Standardized concentration

Fitted trend—Indicates a significant trend (p<0.01)

EXPLANATION

No trend
58 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Cannonball River at Breien (site 170)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Knife River at Hazen (site 127)

Heart River near Mandan (site 156)

Sheyenne River near Coopertown (site 32)

0.01

0.1

1

10

Little Missouri River near Watford City (site 114)

Souris River near Sherwood (site 82)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Nitrate plus nitrite concentration, in milligrams per liter as nitrogen

0.01

0.1

1

10

Wild Rice River near Abercrombie (site 10)

0.01

0.1

1

10

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (site 56)

0.01

0.1

1

10

EXPLANATION

Measured concentration

Fitted annual median concentration

Figure 27. Measured nitrate plus nitrite concentrations and fitted annual median concentrations for 1975 through 2008 for 

selected sites in North Dakota.
Water-Quality Trend Analysis 59

Cannonball River at Breien (site 170)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Heart River near Mandan (site 156)

Little Missouri River near Watford City (site 114)

Sheyenne River near Coopertown (site 32) Knife River at Hazen (site 127)

Nitrate plus nitrite concentration, in milligrams per liter as nitrogen

0.01

0.1

1

10

Souris River near Sherwood (site 82)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.01

0.1

1

10

Wild Rice River near Abercrombie (site 10)

0.01

0.1

1

10

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (site 56)

0.01

0.1

1

10

Standardized concentration

Fitted trend—Indicates a significant trend (p<0.01)

EXPLANATION

No trend

Figure 28. Standardized nitrate plus nitrite concentrations and fitted trends for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North 

Dakota.
60 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Cannonball River at Breien (site 170)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Knife River at Hazen (site 127)

Heart River near Mandan (site 156)

Spring Creek at Zap (site 125)

Souris River near Sherwood (site 82)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Total phosphorus concentration, in milligrams per liter as phosphorus

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

Little Missouri River near Watford City (site 114)

EXPLANATION

Measured concentration

Fitted annual median concentration

Wild Rice River near Abercrombie (site 10)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

Sheyenne River near Coopertown (site 32)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

Goose River at Hillsboro (site 55)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (site 56)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

Figure 29. Measured total phosphorus concentrations and fitted annual median concentrations for 1975 through 2008 for 

selected sites in North Dakota.
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 61

of the 10 sites analyzed for trends (fig. 30 and table 5). All 

of the significant decreases were for sites in western North 

Dakota, including decreases in median standardized total 

phosphorus concentration from about 0.06 to 0.03 mg/L for 

the Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. (site 170); from about 

0.04 to 0.02 mg/L for the Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 

(site 156); from about 0.07 to 0.04 mg/L for the Knife River 

at Hazen, N. Dak. (site 127); and from about 0.07 to 0.03 

mg/L for Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. (site 125). Conversely, 

median standardized total phosphorus concentration for the 

Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. (site 56) 

increased from about 0.10 to 0.16 mg/L from 1990 through 

2008 (data were not available for that site before 1990). No 

significant trend in total phosphorus concentrations was 

detected for the remaining sites.

Sampling Designs to Monitor WaterQuality Trends and Loads

Many different sampling programs with various objectives and sampling designs throughout North Dakota have 

contributed data to this report. This section describes the 

results of spatial and statistical analyses of the data described 

in previous sections of the report to provide guidance to waterresource agencies for efficient and effective sampling designs 

for the detection of trends and estimation of constituent loads 

when developing new water-quality programs or refining 

current programs. The single most important consideration 

for interpreting water-quality data is having complete streamflow records (Vecchia, 2005). This applies when interpreting 

spatial variability, temporal trends, or loads. Water-quality data 

from a location that does not have an active streamgage (or a 

nearby streamgage) is of limited use. The number and placement of streamflow gages is determined largely by considerations (cost, importance for flood warning or water supply, 

and so forth) unrelated to water quality. Therefore, rather than 

designing a sampling program that is optimal strictly with 

respect to water quality and thus might require relocation of 

streamgages, a much simpler and more practical approach of 

designing a water-quality sampling program that is optimal 

with respect to the existing placement of streamgage locations 

is the approach described here. Mean annual flows from 2000 

(or the earliest available year of record if later than 2000) 

through 2011 are given in table 6 for streamgages that were 

active in 2011. 

Spatial Distribution of Sampling Sites

One objective of a State-wide sampling program was 

to describe the spatial variability of water-quality conditions 

across the State in the most efficient manner. Given a fixed 

number of sampling sites that are colocated with streamgages, 

the locations of the sites should be selected to minimize 

redundancy in the network to accomplish this objective. Each 

active site should provide as much incremental information 

as possible for characterizing water-quality conditions in a 

representative area of the State (corresponding to a particular 

drainage basin) that is not adequately characterized by any 

of the other sites in the network. To provide a quantitative 

evaluation of spatial network efficiency, it was assumed that 

the goal of the spatial network design is to characterize spatial 

variability in the long-term mean concentrations of each of the 

chemical constituents. The long-term mean is assumed to be 

constant through time (for example, no temporal trends) for 

this analysis. Temporal variability and trends will be considered in the next section of this report.

Because there generally are streamgages near the mouth 

(or, in the case of basins that overlap with other states or provinces, near the downstream border) of major drainage basins 

in the state, high priority was given to collecting water-quality 

samples at these locations to describe aggregate water-quality 

conditions across large areas of the State. Sampling sites 

colocated with streamgages that are nested within the larger 

basins can then be selected to minimize redundancy in the 

overall network. To evaluate the spatial redundancy in nested 

samples, two constituents – sulfate and total phosphorus – 

were selected. Sulfate generally is the major ion of greatest 

concern and phosphorus is the nutrient of greatest concern 

for evaluating water-quality conditions in the State (Mike Ell, 

North Dakota Department of Health, oral commun., 2011). 

As described previously in the Methods section, for each 

downstream/upstream pair of sites with at least 10 concurrent 

samples, the average absolute difference between the paired 

downstream and upstream concentrations, expressed as a 

percent of the average downstream concentration, was related 

to the average absolute difference in daily flow between the 

downstream and upstream pairs, expressed as a percent of 

the average downstream flow. The relation between the flow 

differences and concentration differences are shown in figure 

31 for sulfate and figure 32 for total phosphorus. A nonlinear 

weighted regression procedure described in appendix 2 was 

used to fit the lines in these figures representing estimates of 

the 50th and 90th percentile of the concentration differences 

for given flow difference. Of the 186 sites considered for this 

analysis, which resulted in a total of 17,205 potential pairs of 

sites, only 178 pairs for sulfate and 73 pairs for phosphorus 

were upstream/downstream pairs with sufficient concurrent 

data to analyze. These site pairs are shown as the points in 

figure 31 (178 pairs) and fig. 32 (73 pairs). The sample sizes 

used to compute the mean percent differences varied widely 

among the station pairs, so the weighted regression procedure 

was used to adjust the pairs to represent a sample size of 40 

and the sample-size adjusted data are shown in figures 31 and 

32 (see appendix 2). 

Several important observations regarding placement of 

sampling sites can be gleaned from figures 31 and 32. For 

pairs where the upstream site provided a large percentage of 

the downstream flows (50 percent or more), the concentration 

differences tend to be relatively small. For example, if the 
62 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Cannonball River at Breien (site 170)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Heart River near Mandan (site 156)

Knife River at Hazen (site 127)

Spring Creek at Zap (site 125)

Souris River near Sherwood (site 82)

Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Total phosphorus concentration,in milligrams per liter as phosphorus

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

Little Missouri River near Watford City (site 114)

Standardized concentration

Fitted trend—Indicates a significant trend (p<0.01)

EXPLANATION

No trend

Wild Rice River near Abercrombie (site 10)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

Sheyenne River near Coopertown (site 32)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

Goose River at Hillsboro (site 55)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (site 56)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

Figure 30. Standardized total phosphorus concentrations and fitted trends for 1975 through 2008 for selected sites in North 

Dakota.
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 63

Table 6. Current and potential state-wide water-quality sampling network for North Dakota.

[All streamflow data obtained from http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nd/nwis/; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; --, not included in potential state-wide network; NA, not available; *, streamflow obtained from nearby upstream gage; **, no nearby gage; ***, streamflow obtained from Environment 

Canada (http://www.wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/graph/graph_e.html?stn=05OC001)]

Map

identification 

number 

(fig. 33)

USGS site 

identifcation 

number

Site name

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Mean annual 

streamflow, 

2000–2011

(ft3/s)

Current sampling 

program

Design 

level

Red River of the North Basin

1 05051300 Bois de Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 1,880 493 Ambient 1

2 05051500 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4,010 1,278 High-low --

4 -- Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 4,020 NA Ambient *1

6 05051522 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 4,300 1,437 High-low 2

7 05051600 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 546 113 High-low 2

9 05052500 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 294 159 High-low 3

10 05053000 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 2,080 428 Ambient/high-low 1

11 05054000 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 6,800 1,981 Ambient 1

13 -- Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 6,980 NA Ambient *1

15 05054500 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 424 20 High-low 3

18a 05055300 Sheyenne River above Devils Lake Outlet near Flora, 

N. Dak.

1,661 84 Other 2

18 05056000 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 2,070 146 High-low 1

32 05057000 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 6,470 303 Ambient/high-low 1

33 05057200 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 691 65 High-low 2

34 05058000 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 7,470 418 Ambient/high-low 1

36 05058700 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 8,190 483 Ambient/high-low 1

37 05059000 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 8,800 573 Ambient/high-low 1

38 05059300 Sheyenne River above Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. 8,840 476 High-low --

41 05059500 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 8,870 505 High-low --

42 05059600 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 20 12 High-low --

43 05059700 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 843 139 High-low 2

44 05060000 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 1,450 280 High-low --

45 05060100 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 1,480 276 Ambient/high-low 1

47 05060500 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 116 29 High-low 3

52 05064500 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 21,800 4,098 High-low 2

54 05065500 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 517 120 Other 2

55 05066500 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1,203 254 Ambient/high-low 1

56 05082500 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 30,100 6,696 Ambient/high-low 1

57 05082625 Turtle River at State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 311 48 High-low 2

58 05083000 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 613 NA Ambient **1

61 05084000 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 456 71 High-low 2

62 05085000 Forest River at Minto, N. Dak. 740 92 Ambient/high-low 1

67 05090000 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 695 125 Ambient/high-low 1

68 05092000 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 34,800 7,854 High-low 2

73 05099400 Little South Pembina near Walhalla, N. Dak. 182 45 High-low 3

74 05099600 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 3,350 444 High-low --

75 05100000 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 3,410 477 Ambient/high-low 1
64 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

[All streamflow data obtained from http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nd/nwis/; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; --, not included in 

potential state-wide network; NA, not available; *, streamflow obtained from nearby upstream gage; **, no nearby gage; ***, streamflow obtained from Environment Canada (http://www.wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/graph/graph_e.html?stn=05OC001)]

Table 6. Current and potential state-wide water-quality sampling network for North Dakota.—Continued

Map

identification 

number 

(fig. 33)

USGS site 

identifcation 

number

Site name

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Mean annual 

streamflow, 

2000–2011

(ft3

/s)

Current sampling 

program

Design 

level

Red River of the North Basin—Continued

76 05101000 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 160 58 High-low 3

78 05102490 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak. 40,200 8,120 Ambient ***1

79 05102500 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 40,200 8,120 Other --

Devils Lake subbasin

19 05056060 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 60 25 High-low 3

20 05056100 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 387 87 High-low 3

21 05056200 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 382 73 High-low 3

22 05056215 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 148 60 High-low 3

24 05056239 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 310 64 High-low 3

26 05056340 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 320 28 High-low 3

Souris Basin

80 05113600 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 1,790 67 High-low 3

82 05114000 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 8,940 258 Other 1

83 05116000 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 9,470 260 High-low/other --

84 05116500 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 939 40 Ambient/high-low 2

85 05117500 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 10,600 333 Ambient/other 1

87 05120000 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 11,300 366 Ambient/other 1

88 05120500 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 705 29 High-low 3

89 05122000 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 12,300 426 High-low --

90 05123400 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 1,160 95 High-low 2

92 05123510 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 975 63 High-low 2

98 05124000 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 16,900 655 Other 1

Missouri-Little Missouri Basin

101 06331000 Little Muddy Creek below Cow Creek near Williston, 

N. Dak.

875 46 High-low 3

106 06332515 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 74 4 High-low 3

108 06332523 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 360 7 High-low 3

109 06332770 Deepwater Creek at Mouth near Raub, N. Dak. 220 7 High-low 3

110 06335500 Little Missouri River at Marmath, N. Dak. 4,640 346 High-low 2

112 06336000 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 6,190 473 Ambient/high-low 1

113 06336600 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 616 41 High-low 3

114 06337000 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 8,310 408 Ambient/high-low 1

Missouri-Oahe Basin

116 06339100 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 205 15 High-low 3

120 06339500 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 1,230 70 Ambient/high-low 1

125 06340000 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 549 35 Ambient/high-low 2

127 06340500 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 2,240 160 Ambient/high-low 1

140 06342260 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 146 14 High-low 3

141 06342450 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 108 16 High-low --
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 65

Table 6. Current and potential state-wide water-quality sampling network for North Dakota.—Continued

[All streamflow data obtained from http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nd/nwis/; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; --, not included in 

potential state-wide network; NA, not available; *, streamflow obtained from nearby upstream gage; **, no nearby gage; ***, streamflow obtained from Environment Canada (http://www.wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/graph/graph_e.html?stn=05OC001)]

Map

identification 

number 

(fig. 33)

USGS site 

identifcation 

number

Site name

Drainage 

area, 

square 

miles

Mean annual 

streamflow, 

2000–2011

(ft3/s)

Current sampling 

program

Design 

level

Missouri-Oahe Basin—Continued

142 06342500 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 186,400 19,643 High-low 2

145 06343000 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 311 17 Other 3

147 06344600 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 152 13 High-low 3

149 06345500 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 1,240 73 Ambient/high-low 1

150 06345780 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. 

Dak.

1,530 89 High-low --

151 06347000 Antelope Creek near Carson 221 27 High-low 3

152 06347500 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 456 64 High-low 3

154 06348300 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 2,930 171 High-low --

155 06348500 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 157 28 High-low 3

156 06349000 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 3,310 218 Ambient/high-low 1

158 06349500 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1,680 59 High-low 2

162 06350000 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 580 35 High-low 2

164 06351200 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1,640 121 Ambient/high-low 1

166 06352000 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 553 39 High-low 2

169 06353000 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1,750 93 Ambient/high-low 1

170 06354000 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 4,100 246 Ambient/high-low 1

172 06354580 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 765 62 High-low 2

James Basin

176 06468170 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1,060 88 Ambient/high-low 1

177 06468250 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, 

N. Dak.

1,200 98 Other --

180 06469400 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 700 52 High-low 2

182 06470000 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 2,820 279 Ambient/high-low 1

183 06470500 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 4,390 353 Ambient/high-low 1

184 06470800 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 357 28 High-low 3

186 06470878 James River at State line, N. Dak. 5,480 419 High-low --
66 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

100

0

0

100

80

60

40

20

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

120

140

160

Mean absolute difference between downstream and upstream flow,

as percent of downstream flow

Mean absolute difference between downstream and upstream concentration, 

as percent of downstream concentration

Values computed using paired sulfate samples

90th percentile

50th percentile

EXPLANATION

0

100

80

60

40

20

120

Mean absolute difference between downstream and upstream flow,

as percent of downstream flow

Mean absolute difference between downstream and upstream concentration, 

as percent of downstream concentration

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Values computed using paired phosphorus samples

90th percentile

50th percentile

EXPLANATION

Figure 31. Relation between streamflow differences and sulfate concentration differences for selected sites 

in North Dakota.

Figure 32. Relation between streamflow differences and total phosphorus concentration differences for 

selected sites in North Dakota.
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 67

upstream flow is 80 percent, on average, of the downstream 

flow (corresponding to a percent difference of 20 percent), 

90 percent of the station pairs would have upstream concentration within about 15 percent, on average, of downstream 

concentration for sulfate (fig. 31) and within about 25 percent, 

on average, for phosphorus (fig. 32). If the upstream flow is 

50 percent, on average, of the downstream flow (a percent 

difference of 50 percent), 90 percent of the station pairs would 

have upstream concentration within about 40 percent (for 

sulfate) and 50 percent (for phosphorus), on average, of the 

downstream concentration. Conversely, if the upstream site 

provides a small percentage of the downstream flow, the concentration differences can become quite large. For example, if 

upstream flow is only 10 percent, on average, of downstream 

flow (90 percent difference), more than one-half of the pairs 

have upstream concentrations more than 50 percent different (for sulfate) and 55 percent different (for phosphorus), 

on average, from downstream concentrations, and more than 

10 percent of the pairs have upstream concentrations more 

than 140 percent different (for sulfate) and 100 percent different (for phosphorus), on average, from downstream concentrations. Thus, a reasonable spatial network would consist 

of including the most downstream sites in large basins first, 

followed by the next upstream site(s) that roughly bisect the 

downstream flows at the first sites (given the constraints of 

existing streamgage locations), followed by the next upstream 

site(s) that roughly bisect flows for the second sites. Other 

special considerations, such as whether a site is located near 

a major city, water supply intake, or downstream of a major 

reservoir could be considered.

Considering the previous discussion, sampling sites to be 

included in the proposed State-wide network were prioritized 

into 3 design levels: level 1 (highest priority), level 2 (second 

priority), and level 3 (third priority) (table 6; fig. 33). Starting 

with the Red River of the North main stem sites, the downstream site on the North Dakota/Manitoba border (site 78, Red 

River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak.) was designated as a 

level-1 site and is currently (2010) a NDDH ambient network 

site. Site 52 (Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn.) has 

essentially one-half the flow of site 78 and would thus be 

an ideal location for the next level-1 site; however, site 56 

(Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak.) currently 

(2010) is an established ambient network site. Therefore, site 

56 was selected as a level-1 site and site 52 was included as 

a level-2 site. Site 68 (Red River of the North at Drayton, 

N. Dak.), which is midway between sites 56 and 78, also was 

selected as a level-2 site because of the importance of Red 

River of the North main stem water quality and the relatively 

large intervening drainage area (about 10,000 square miles) 

between sites 56 and 78. Proceeding upstream from site 52, 

site 11 (Red River of the North at Fargo), which provides 

about one-half the flow for site 52 and is currently (2010) 

an ambient network site, was included as a level-1 site. Site 

13 (Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak.) has only a 

slightly higher drainage area than site 11 and the nearest active 

streamgage is at site 11; however, this site is currently (2010) 

an ambient network site and was important for NDDH for 

estimating point sources from the Fargo-Moorhead area (Mike 

Ell, North Dakota Department of Health, oral commun., 2011). 

Therefore, site 13 was designated as a level-1 site although 

it is largely redundant with site 11. Site 4 (Red River of the 

North at Brushville, Minn.) and site 1 (Bois de Sioux River 

near Doran, Minn.) both are current (2010) ambient network 

sites and were designated as level-1 sites. Site 6 (Red River of 

the North at Hickson, N. Dak.), midway between sites 11 and 

4, was designated as a level-2 site. A currently (2010) active 

HLSP sampling site (site 2, table 6) could be discontinued 

because of redundancy with site 4 (fig. 1).

Among the Red River of the North tributaries (excluding the Sheyenne River, which is considered separately), 

sites 10 (Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak.), 45 

(Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak.), 55 (Goose River at 

Hillsboro, N. Dak.), 58 (Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak.), 62 

(Forest River at Minto, N. Dak.), 67 (Park River at Grafton, 

N. Dak.), and 75 (Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak.) are all 

current (2010) ambient network sites and were all selected 

as level-1 sites (table 6, fig. 33). Although there is no active 

streamgage near site 58, maintaining sampling at that site was 

important for estimating load contributions from the Turtle 

River (Mike Ell, North Dakota Department of Health, oral 

commun., 2011). Locating a streamgage near site 58 would 

be beneficial for interpreting water-quality data from that site. 

Level-2 sites among the Red River of the North tributaries 

were upstream of level-1 sites, including sites 7 (Wild Rice 

River near Rutland, N. Dak.), 43 (Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak.), 54 (Goose River near Portland, N. Dak.), 57 

(Turtle River near Arvilla, N. Dak.), and 61 (Forest River 

near Fordville, N. Dak.). Several level-3 sites were selected 

on smaller tributaries, including sites 9 (Antelope Creek near 

Dwight, N. Dak.), 47 (Rush River at Armenia, N. Dak.), 73 

(Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak.), and 76 

(Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak.). Three currently (2010) active 

HLSP sampling sites in the Maple and Pembina Basins (sites 

42, 44, and 74; table 6) could be discontinued in the proposed 

network because of redundancy with other sites or (in the case 

of site 42) small drainage area (fig. 1 and table 1).

Next, sites were selected within the Sheyenne River 

Basin, the largest North Dakota tributary to the Red River of 

the North (table 6 and fig. 33). Three level-1 sites that adhered 

closely to the principle of bisecting flows were sites 37 

(Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak.), 32 (Sheyenne River 

near Cooperstown, N. Dak.), and 18 (Sheyenne River near 

Warwick, N. Dak.). These sites are currently (2010) ambient network sites. Two other ambient network sites, sites 36 

(Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak.) and 34 (Sheyenne River 

below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak.), were designated as level-1 sites 

although there may be considerable redundancy of these sites 

with the downstream site (site 37). These sites are important 

for monitoring the effects of the Devils Lake outlets (http://

www.swc.state.nd.us/4dlink9/4dcgi/ GetSubCategoryRecord/

Devils%20Lake%20Flooding/Outlets) on water-quality in the 

Sheyenne River. Three additional sites were included in the 
68 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

97° 98° 99° 100° 101° 102° 103° 104°

49°

48°47°46°

tti L el

Muddy

R

Cree k

Cedar

Beav e r Creek

Long Lak e Cr

Green River

Heart

vi R er

Litt el

R

iruossi M

iver

Knife River

Maple

Pipestem

Creek

Baldhill Cr

Maple River Wild

Rice Ri ver

Goose R

Park

R.

Devils

 Lake

Red

River of the North

Spring

Cr.

R.

River

Cannonball River

 Pembina

 Lake

Sakakawea

Lake

Oahe

MONTANA MINNESOTA

NORTH DAKOTA

SOUTH DAKOTA

SASKATCHEWAN MANITOBA

Mauvais Co uleeStarkweather Coulee

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1983Universal Transverse Mercator projectionZone 14

Level 1Level 2Level 3

Potential water-quality 

5

33

47

sampling network design

0 30 60 MILES 150 30 60 KILOMETERS 15

EXPLANATION

Minnesota Basin

James Basin

Lower Yellowstone Basin

Missouri—Little Missouri BasinMissouri—Oahe BasinMissouri—Poplar Basin

Upper Mississippi region

Missouri region Souris-Red-Rainy region

Devils Lake SubbasinRed River of the North Basin

Souris Basin

Basin boundary

Rush R

l E m River

Turtle

River

Forest

R vi er

River

Tongue R vi er

River

Sheyenne

Deep

River

Spring Creek

Regional divide

Ap l p e C er ke

River

River

James

James

R

Souris River

Sour si R

Missouri

1

4

6

7

9

10

11

13

15 18 18a

19

20

21

22

24

26

32

33

34

36

37 43

45

47

52

54

56

55

57

58

61

62

67

68

73

75

76

78 80

82

84

85 87 88

90 92

98

101

106

108

109

110

112

113

114

116

120

125 127

140

145

147

149

151

152

155

156 142

158

162

164

166

169

170 172

176

180

182

183

184

Figure 33. Potential spatial water-quality network design for North Dakota.
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 69

Sheyenne Basin: two level-2 sites (site 33, Baldhill Creek near 

Dazey, N. Dak. and site 18a, Sheyenne River above Devils 

Lake outlet near Flora, N. Dak.) and a level-3 site (site 15, 

Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak.). Although waterquality data for the site near Flora, N. Dak. (site 18a) were not 

analyzed in this report, the site has been sampled recently as 

part of the Devils Lake outlet monitoring and would continue to be sampled in the proposed network. Two currently 

(2010) active HLSP sites in the Sheyenne Basin (sites 38 and 

41, table 6) could be discontinued in the proposed network 

because of redundancy with site 37.

The Devils Lake Subbasin of the Sheyenne River has 

been experiencing extensive flooding since 1993 and there is 

concern of a potential spill from Devils Lake to the Sheyenne 

River, an event that has not happened for at least 800 years 

(Vecchia, 2008). The State has constructed outlets from the 

west end of Devils Lake in 2008 and from the east end of Devils Lake in 2012. Devils Lake water-quality issues are important for future outlet operation; therefore, six level-3 sites 

(sites 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, and 26) were designated on major 

tributaries to Devils Lake (fig. 33 and table 6).

Several sampling sites were designated in the Souris 

River Basin, which flows southeast from Saskatchewan into 

North Dakota before bending to the northwest and exiting 

North Dakota into Manitoba (table 6 and fig. 33). Site 98 

(Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak.), which is the downstream site, and site 85 (Souris River above Minot, N. Dak.), 

which is about midway upstream from site 98, were selected 

as level-1 sites. Site 98 currently (2010) is sampled as part 

of the International Souris River Board mandate to monitor water-quality at the International border and site 85 is an 

ambient network site. Additional level-1 sites were site 87 

(Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak.) and 82 (Souris River 

near Sherwood, N. Dak.). Although site 87 was highly redundant with site 85, it is an ambient network site considered 

important for estimating point sources from the Minot area 

(Mike Ell, North Dakota Department of Health, oral commun., 

2011). Site 87 also is an ambient network site and site 82 is 

sampled as part of the International Souris River Board mandate. Three level-2 sites (site 84, Des Lacs River at Foxholm, 

N. Dak.; site 92, Deep River near Upham, N. Dak.; and site 

90, Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak.) and two level-3 

sites (site 88, Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. and site 

80, Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak.) also are included in 

the proposed Souris River sampling sites. Two current (2010) 

HLSP sampling sites (sites 83 and 89, table 6) could be discontinued because of redundancy with other sites. 

The remaining sites in the proposed network are in the 

Missouri River Basin. Among the smaller tributaries, sites 172 

(Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak.) and 158 (Apple Creek 

near Menoken, N. Dak.) were designated as level-2 sites and 

sites 140 (Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak.), 109 

(Deepwater Creek near Raub, N. Dak.), 108 (East Fork Shell 

Creek near Parshall, N. Dak.), 106 (Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak.), and site 101 (Little Muddy River below Cow 

Creek near Williston, N. Dak.) were designated as level-3 sites.

For the larger Missouri River tributaries, starting with 

the Cannonball River, sites 170 (Cannonball River at Breien, 

N. Dak.), 169 (Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak.), and 164 

(Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak.) were designated as 

level-1 sites. All of these sites are ambient network sites and 

adhere closely to the principle of bisecting flows. Upstream 

sites 166 (Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak.) and 162 (Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak.) were designated as level-2 

sites. For the Heart River, ambient network sites 156 (Heart 

River near Mandan) and 149 (Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak.) were designated as level-1 sites, and sites 155 

(Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak.), 152 (Big Muddy 

Creek near Almont, N. Dak.), 151 (Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak.), 147 (Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak.), 

and 145 (Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak.) were designated as level-3 sites. Two HLSP sampling sites (sites 154 

and 150, table 6) were not included in the proposed network 

because of redundancy with other sites. For the Knife River, 

sites 127 (Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak.) and 120 (Knife 

River near Golden Valley, N. Dak.), which are current (2010) 

ambient network sites, were designated as level-1 sites. Site 

125 (Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak.), a current (2010) ambient network site, was designated as a level-2 site and site 116 

(Knife River at Manning, N. Dak.) was designated as a level-3 

site. In addition to the previous sites, site 142 (Missouri River 

at Bismarck, N. Dak.) was designated as a level-2 site because 

it was the only site on the main stem Missouri River between 

Lake Sakakawea and Lake Oahe. 

In the Little Missouri River Basin, site 114 (Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak.) was designated as a 

level-1 site. Site 112 (Little Missouri River near Medora, N. 

Dak.), although similar in flow to site 114, is an ambient network site considered important for monitoring water quality 

for the undeveloped upper parts of the basin (Mike Ell, North 

Dakota Department of Health, oral commun., 2011) and thus 

was designated as a level-1 site. Remaining designated sites 

included a level-2 site (site 110, Little Missouri River near 

Marmarth, N. Dak.) and a level-3 site (site 113, Beaver Creek 

near Trotters, N. Dak.).

For the final Missouri River tributary, the James River, 

ambient network sites 183 (James River at Lamoure, N. Dak.), 

182 (James River at Jamestown, N. Dak.), and 176 (James 

River near Grace City, N. Dak.) were designated at level-1 

sites, site 180 (Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak.) a 

level-2 site, and site 184 (Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak.) a 

level-3 site. Two currently active (2010) sampling sites (sites 

186 and 177, table 6) were not included in the potential network because of redundancy with other sites. 

In all, the potential network consists of 81 sites, with 34 

level-1 sites, 21 level-2 sites, and 26 level-3 sites (fig. 33). 

Given possible budget constraints of the sampling programs 

and considering the suggested temporal sampling frequencies 

described in the following section, this was considered to be 

the maximum potential number of sites for inclusion in the 

proposed network.
70 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Sample Frequency for Detection of Seasonal 

Trends

Given the spatial distribution and priority designation 

(levels 1–3) of the sites in the potential network described in 

the previous section, the next consideration was to determine 

the appropriate temporal sampling frequency to use for monitoring changes in future water-quality conditions. The timeseries model used to detect concentration trends for this report 

also was used to evaluate sampling designs to monitor future 

water-quality trends. The interpretation of trends in terms of 

cause and effect can be difficult and, although the data indicated that trends have occurred, establishing a cause for the 

trends may require more extensive data gathering and model 

development; however, to evaluate the various sampling 

designs for this report, no interpretation of cause and effect 

was needed because the designs depended only on the statistical properties of the high-frequency variability in concentration (eq. 2), and the statistical properties of the high-frequency 

variability were independent of the trends.

To evaluate temporal sampling designs, the number of 

samples collected (on average) each year needed to be considered along with the sampling dates and whether the number 

of samples or sampling dates should be variable or fixed (the 

same year after year). Assuming that trends can occur at any 

time, in any direction, and for any duration, a reasonable 

approach for trend monitoring is to collect a fixed number of 

samples each year (Vecchia, 2005). The sampling dates also 

should remain relatively fixed; however, sampling on the exact 

same days each year is neither feasible nor necessary.

Given that the number of samples and the sampling dates 

remain fixed, two related concepts (sensitivity and efficiency) 

were used to evaluate sampling designs. Sensitivity measures the ability of a design to detect a trend—the smaller the 

trend that can be detected, the more sensitive the design. An 

efficient design maximizes the sensitivity to detect a trend for 

a fixed cost, which for this report was measured in terms of 

the number of samples per year. The only way to increase the 

sensitivity of an efficient design is to increase the cost—that 

is, to collect samples more frequently. For example, among all 

possible two-sample designs, the most efficient design might 

be to sample once during April and once during August, and 

among all possible three-sample designs, the most efficient 

design might be to sample once in April, once in August, and 

once in December. The best three-sample design is more sensitive than the best two-sample design but also is more costly. 

Therefore, to determine whether three samples are preferable to two samples, judgment is needed as to whether the 

increased sensitivity is worth the increased cost.

For the design analysis in this report, the assumptions 

were made that a streamgage would continue to be operated 

at each station (so that the future streamflow-related variability could be removed) and that concentration data would 

be collected no more than once each month. Concentration 

data potentially could be collected more often, but for trend 

analysis, sampling at most once in any given month generally 

is sufficient. For estimating loads (see the next section), more 

frequent sampling may be useful. The assumption also was 

made that the concentration data would be collected near the 

fifth day of the month; however, the actual sampling date 

could vary from 1 week before to 1 week after the fifth day 

without appreciably changing the results of the design analysis 

(Vecchia, 2005).

The sensitivity of a sampling design depends on the duration of the trend. If concentrations are increasing at a rate of 

5 percent per year, the chance of detecting the trend after only 

1 year may be extremely small; however, if the trend persists 

for 5 years, the chance of detecting the trend increases dramatically. In contrast to the sensitivity of a design, the efficiency 

of a design is not dependent on the duration of the trend. If a 

particular four-sample (per year) design is most efficient for 

detecting a trend that persists for 5 years, that design generally will be most efficient for detecting a trend that persists for 

2 years or 10 years. Therefore, a 5-year duration was used as a 

benchmark to determine which designs in the design analysis 

were most efficient.

Even if a trend persists for 5 years or longer, sampling 

designs cannot detect trends with absolute certainty or prove 

that no trends exist with absolute certainty. Therefore, the size 

of the trend that can be detected depends on the acceptable 

level of tolerance for incorrectly identifying a trend. For this 

report, the acceptable level of tolerance was controlled by 

specifying two probabilities—the probability that a true trend 

was detected and the probability that a trend was detected 

when no true trend existed. Because the selection of an efficient design is not highly dependent on the values specified for 

the two probabilities, for this report, the first probability (also 

called the power for detecting a trend) was set equal to 0.8 and 

the second probability (also called the type-I error probability) 

was set equal to 0.1. The designs then were compared in terms 

of their characteristic trends. The characteristic trend of a 

design, which was computed as described by Vecchia (2000), 

is interpreted as the increase or decrease in concentration during a 5-year period, in percent, that has an 80-percent chance 

of being detected using a type-I error probability of 0.1. 

Trends larger than the characteristic trend have more than an 

80-percent chance of being detected, and trends smaller than 

the characteristic trend have less than an 80-percent chance of 

being detected. The characteristic trend is used in this report as 

a benchmark to compare the sensitivity of the various sampling designs.

Sampling designs were evaluated with regard to their 

sensitivity to detect seasonal trends that occurred during three 

4-month seasons—March through June (the high-flow period, 

referred to as the spring season in this report), July through 

October (the late summer/early fall low-flow period, referred 

to as the summer season in this report), and November through 

February (the late fall/winter low-flow period, referred to 

as the winter season in this report). Trends that can occur in 

certain constituents only during certain times of the year may 

not be detected in sampling programs designed on an annual 

basis. For example, many constituents can reach a stream from 
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 71

nonpoint sources when most of the snowmelt and rainfall 

runoff in North Dakota occurs, generally from March to 

June. Certain constituents may have substantial groundwater 

sources, therefore monitoring during low-flow conditions may 

be important for detecting trends. Many constituents may have 

a complex combination of point sources, groundwater sources, 

and nonpoint sources and may require monitoring during all 

flow conditions. 

The design results for sulfate, TDS, nitrate plus nitrite, 

and total phosphorus at the sites examined in the Water Quality Trend Analysis section (table 5) were used to develop an 

efficient overall design. The most efficient design for one 

constituent may be an inefficient design for another constituent. Similarly, the most efficient design for one site may be an 

inefficient design for another site. Therefore, designs needed 

to be evaluated with regard to their overall ability to detect 

trends in various constituents and for various sites. The goal of 

the following discussion was to suggest designs that maintain 

reasonable efficiency and consistency for different sites and 

constituents. Implementing the single most efficient design for 

every individual constituent and site is neither logistically nor 

economically feasible. 

The characteristic seasonal trends for sulfate and TDS for 

10 selected sites are shown in figures 34 and 35. The designs 

shown in this figure are a small subset of the many potential designs considered. Designs not included in the figures 

generally were less efficient than the designs shown. Designs 

1 through 7 have samples selected during the spring season, 

designs 8 through 15 have samples selected in the summer 

season, and designs 16 through 22 have samples selected in 

the winter season. The simplest design considered was a single 

sample in each of the three periods. Based on discussions 

with NDDH and NDSWC personnel, a characteristic trend 

of 20 percent or less for sulfate and TDS was selected as a 

benchmark for having good sensitivity for detecting trends in 

those constituents. 

For the spring season, the one-sample designs (designs 1 

and 2) for most of the sites have characteristic trends greater 

than 20 percent and do not meet the sensitivity criteria 

(figs. 34 and 35); however, the two-sample designs (3 and 4) 

have characteristic trends less than 20 percent at most sites for 

both sulfate and TDS. Although samples collected in March 

and May (design 3) yield a slightly smaller characteristic trend 

at most sites, there is not much difference than if samples were 

collected in April and June (design 4). The only exception is 

the Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. (site 10), for 

which sampling in March and May provides substantially better sensitivity than sampling in April and June. Adding either 

one or two additional samples to the two-sample designs in the 

spring (designs 5–7) provides negligible increases in sensitivity of detecting trends for sulfate and TDS. Therefore, design 

3 or 4 are efficient designs for detecting trends in the spring 

season. 

For the summer season many of the sites had characteristic trends less than 20 percent with the one-sample designs for 

sulfate and TDS (designs 8 and 9; figs. 34 and 35); however, 

by increasing to two samples in the summer, the sensitivity of 

detecting a trend improved considerably. In particular, a twosample design with samples collected in August and October 

(design 11) is a particularly sensitive design for the detection 

of trends in sulfate and TDS in the summer season. For that 

design, characteristic trends were less than 20 percent for all 

of the sites and less than 10 percent for most of the sites. As 

was observed in the spring, additional samples in the summer 

(designs 12 through 15) provided a negligible increase in the 

sensitivity of detecting trends for sulfate and TDS over the 

best two-sample design.

During the winter season, a one-sample design would 

provide sufficient sensitivity to detect trends in sulfate and 

TDS (figs. 34 and 35); however, the month when the sample 

is collected seems to be important in meeting the 20 percent 

characteristic trend criterion. Overall, a sample collected in 

November (design 16) meets the criterion at all sites for TDS 

and at 9 out of 10 sites for sulfate. The characteristic trends 

increase substantially at many of the sites if the sample is 

collected in December (design 17), January (design 18), and 

February (design 19) particularly at the Little Missouri River 

near Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114); however, conditions in 

November generally consist of open-water and low-flow conditions that are similar to flows in late summer. Therefore, the 

November sample may not add much additional information 

if collected along with an October sample. If concentrations 

during winter conditions are of particular concern, a single 

sample in December (design 17) or January (design 18) may 

be preferable to the November sample. 

Overall, the most efficient design for the detection of 

seasonal trends for sulfate and TDS appears to be one that 

includes five samples collected per year, including two in 

spring (either March and May or April and June), two in summer and early fall (August and October), and one in winter 

(December or January). For many of the sites, when two samples are collected in the spring and in the summer months, the 

sensitivity to detect seasonal trends is not strongly affected by 

which months are sampled; however, for the winter months, 

where a one-sample design was used, the month selected for 

sampling is important for sensitivity in detecting the seasonal 

trend in sulfate and TDS. 

A greater variation in the characteristic seasonal trends 

was evident for nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus (figs. 

36 and 37) compared to characteristic trends in sulfate and 

TDS (figs. 34 and 35). Because of the greater variation and 

the expense required to achieve the same level of sensitivity 

as major ions (20 percent), based on discussions with NDDH 

and NDSWC personnel, designs with characteristic trends less 

than 40 percent were considered to have acceptable sensitivity 

for detecting trends in nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus. 

The same 4-month periods that were considered for sulfate 

and TDS were used for the analysis of nitrate plus nitrite and 

total phosphorus designs.

For the spring season, the one-sample designs (designs 1 

and 2) had poor sensitivity for detecting trends in nitrate plus 

nitrite and total phosphorus for most sites (figs. 36 and 37). 
72 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

0 40 80

0 40 80

0 40 80 0 40 80

0 40 80 0 40 80 0 40 80 0 40 80

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

0 100 200 0 40 80

Wild Rice 

River near

Abercrombie

(site 10)

Sheyenne

River near

Cooperstown

(site 32)

Goose River 

near

Hillsboro

(site 55)

Red River of the 

North near

Grand Forks

(site 56)

Souris River 

near

Sherwood

(site 82)

Cannonball

River at 

 Breien

(site 170)

Heart

River near

Mandan

(site 156)

Knife

River at 

Hazen

(site 127)

Little

Missouri

River near

Watford City

(site 114)

Spring Creek

at Zap

(site 125)

Design number Design number

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

NovemberDecember

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

NovemberDecember

January

February

Sampled months

Sampled months

Characteristic trend, in percent per year

Characteristic trend, in percent per year

Figure 34. Characteristic seasonal trends for selected sampling designs for sulfate at selected sites in North Dakota.
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 73

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

0 40 80

0 40 80

0 40 80 0 40 80

0 40 80 0 40 80 0 40 80 0 40 80

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

0 50 100 0 40 80

Wild Rice 

River near

Abercrombie

(site 10)

Sheyenne

River near

Cooperstown

(site 32)

Goose River 

near

Hillsboro

(site 55)

Red River of the 

North near

Grand Forks

(site 56)

Souris River 

near

Sherwood

(site 82)

Cannonball

River at 

 Breien

(site 170)

Heart

River near

Mandan

(site 156)

Knife

River at 

Hazen

(site 127)

Little

Missouri

River near

Watford City

(site 114)

Spring Creek

at Zap

(site 125)

Design number Design number

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

NovemberDecember

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

NovemberDecember

January

February

Sampled months

Sampled months

Characteristic trend, in percent per year

Characteristic trend, in percent per year

Figure 35. Characteristic seasonal trends for selected sampling designs for total dissolved solids at selected sites in North Dakota.
74 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

0 50 100 0 50 100 0 50 100 0 50 100

0 50 100 0 50 100 0 50 100 0 50 100

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

Wild Rice 

River near

Abercrombie

(site 10)

Sheyenne

River near

Cooperstown

(site 32)

Red River of the 

North near

Grand Forks

(site 56)

Souris River 

near

Sherwood

(site 82)

Cannonball

River at

Breien

(site 170)

Heart

River near

Mandan

(site 156)

Knife

River at 

Hazen

(site 127)

Little

Missouri

River near

Watford City

(site 114)

Design number Design number

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

NovemberDecember

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

NovemberDecember

January

February

Sampled months

Sampled months

Characteristic trend, in percent per year

Characteristic trend, in percent per year

Figure 36. Characteristic seasonal trends for selected sampling designs for nitrate plus nitrite at selected sites in North Dakota.
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 75

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

0 50 100

0 50 100

0 50 100 0 50 100

0 50 100 0 50 100 0 50 100 0 50 100

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

0 100 200 0 50 100

Wild Rice 

River near

Abercrombie

(site 10)

Sheyenne

River near

Cooperstown

(site 32)

Goose River 

near

Hillsboro

(site 55)

Red River of the 

North near

Grand Forks

(site 56)

Souris River 

near

Sherwood

(site 82)

Cannonball

River at 

Breien

(site 170)

Heart

River near

Mandan

(site 156)

Knife

River at 

Hazen

(site 127)

Little

Missouri

River near

Watford City

(site 114)

Spring Creek

at Zap

(site 125)

Design number Design number

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

NovemberDecember

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

NovemberDecember

January

February

Sampled months

Sampled months

Characteristic trend, in percent per year

Characteristic trend, in percent per year

Figure 37. Characteristic seasonal trends for selected sampling designs for total phosphorus at selected sites in North Dakota.
76 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

If an additional sample was added (designs 3 and 4), most of 

the sites had characteristic seasonal trends less than 40 percent 

for nitrate plus nitrite (fig. 36), but for total phosphorus many 

sites did not meet this criterion (fig. 37). Using a three-sample 

design (designs 5 and 6) would provide sensitivity to detect 

small trends that meet the criterion of a characteristic trend 

less than 40 percent for all sites except the Little Missouri 

River near Watford City, N. Dak. (site 114). The most efficient 

design for sampling nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus 

appears to be one where samples are collected in April, May 

and June (design 6), however, sample design 5, where samples 

are collected in March, April and May, also meets the criterion 

of a characteristic seasonal trend less than 40 percent for most 

of the tested sites.

For the summer season, similar to the spring season, 

the one-sample designs (designs 8 and 9) for most sites had 

characteristic seasonal trends greater than 40 percent and did 

not meet the criterion for detecting trends in nitrate plus nitrite 

and phosphorus (figs. 36 and 37). By adding an additional 

sample in the summer (designs 10 and 11), the characteristic 

seasonal trend is less than 40 percent at most sites. The twosample design, where samples are collected in August and 

October (design 11), meets the criterion for all sites for nitrate 

plus nitrite and for 9 out of 10 sites for total phosphorus. A 

three-sample design with samples in July, August, and October 

(design 14) provides substantial improvement in sensitivity 

to detect trends compared to design 11, especially for total 

phosphorus. Therefore, an efficient design for sampling nitrate 

plus nitrite and phosphorus in the summer season appears to 

be the three-sample design with samples in July, August, and 

October (design 14).

For the winter season, the one-sample designs (designs 

16–19) provide poor sensitivity to detect trends in nitrate plus 

nitrite or total phosphorus for most sites (figs. 36 and 37). 

Although all of the sites had characteristic seasonal trends 

greater than 40 percent for all of the one-sample designs for 

total phosphorus, 6 out of 8 sites had characteristic seasonal 

trends less than 40 percent if the sample was collected in 

November for nitrate plus nitrite; however, as indicated previously, flow conditions in November are similar to October and 

thus a sample in November may not be necessary if a sample 

is collected in October. To reflect true winter conditions, if 

the November sample is excluded, design 21, with samples 

collected in December and February, has good sensitivity for 

detecting trends in nitrate plus nitrite for all of the sites and 

good sensitivity for detecting trends in phosphorus for 9 out of 

10 sites. 

Overall, the most efficient design for the detection of 

seasonal trends for nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus 

appears to be one that includes eight samples collected per 

year in the months of April, May, June, July, August, October, 

December, and February. Although reducing winter sampling 

to a single sample in December or January would result in 

considerable loss of sensitivity for detecting trends in that 

season, collecting two samples in winter may not be feasible 

because of safety concerns. Therefore, the best feasible design 

consists of seven samples per year (April, May, June, July, 

August, October, and December or January).

When merging the results for nitrate plus nitrite and 

phosphorus with the previous results for sulfate and TDS, an 

efficient overall design for detecting seasonal trends consists 

of seven samples per year, with samples in early April, May, 

June, July, August, October, and January. This design consists of a combination of designs 6, 14, and 18. Maintaining 

a seven-sample design at all 81 sites in the spatial network 

(fig. 33) would result in 567 samples per year for both major 

ions (such as sulfate) and nutrients (such as nitrate plus nitrite 

and total phosphorus), compared to about 460 samples per 

year (for major ions) and 300 samples per year (for nutrients) 

currently (2010) being collected as part of the NDDH ambient 

network, HLSP, and other sampling programs in the Souris, 

James, and Red River of the North Basins. Therefore, to control sampling costs and allow extra samples for load estimation (see the following section), the sampling design for the 

level-3 sites were reduced from 7 to 4 samples per year. The 

design for the level-3 sites therefore consists of four samples 

per year, with samples in April, June, August, and October. 

This design should maintain reasonable power for detecting 

trends in the spring and summer seasons, and would provide 

considerable improvement compared to the two-sample HLSP 

design. Many of the level-3 sites have seasonally operated 

(March–October) streamgages because of negligible flows in 

winter, so excluding winter sampling was considered prudent 

for these sites. For level-2 sites, the sampling design was 

reduced from 7 to 6 samples per year, with samples in April, 

May, June, August, October, and January. Maintaining the 

seven-sample design for the 34 level-1 sites, the six-sample 

design for the 21 level-2 sites, and the four-sample design for 

the 26 level-3 sites would result in 468 major ion and nutrient 

samples per year for monitoring trends statewide. 

The current (2010) sampling design for the NDDH 

ambient network includes eight samples collected in April, 

May (two samples), June, July, August, October, and January. Excluding the extra sample in May, the design would be 

equivalent to a combination of designs 6, 14, and 18 (figs. 

34–37), which is the recommended seven-sample trend design 

for level-1 sites. Thus, the ambient network design has good 

sensitivity for detecting trends in all seasons except possibly winter (for certain sites). Although reducing sampling at 

these sites from 8 to 7 or perhaps even fewer samples per year 

would maintain nearly equivalent power for detecting trends, 

as indicated in the next section, maintaining at least 8 samples 

per year is necessary for load estimation. The NDSWC HLSP 

sampling design consists essentially of a combination of 

designs 2 and 9. That combination has moderate sensitivity for 

detecting trends in sulfate and TDS for spring and summer but 

poor sensitivity for detecting trends in nitrate plus nitrite and 

phosphorus in all seasons. Therefore, increasing from 2 to 4 or 

6 samples per year would provide much better sensitivity for 

detecting trends in nutrient concentrations. 
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 77

Sample Frequency for Estimation of Constituent 

Loads

One goal of the NDDH ambient network is to provide 

accurate estimates of loads over 5-year to 10-year periods. 

Unlike sample designs for detecting trends that are targeting 

changes in flow-adjusted concentration through time, sample 

designs for the estimation of constituent loads should focus 

on the main contributing factor that can affect the annual 

load—changes in concentration with streamflow. Loads are 

estimated by performing a regression analysis of concentration 

(or load) with streamflow and sometimes time and season, as 

discussed previously in the Load and Yield Estimation section. 

In general, the greatest streamflow will yield the greatest load, 

therefore it is important to design a sampling strategy that 

would target high-flow conditions such as snowmelt runoff 

and rainfall runoff events. Although it is important to define 

the constituent concentration at the full range of streamflow 

at a site, if the high streamflow conditions are not adequately 

included in the sampling, the estimated annual loads may be 

lower than what is actually occurring at the site. 

Gilroy and others (1990) analyzed the relative efficiency 

of minimum variance unbiased estimates (MVUE) of loads for 

the simple regression model

ln (L) = β0+β1ln(Qd)+E (5)

where the terms in equation 5 are defined in the more detailed 

load model shown in equation 1. Although this model does not 

include the trend and seasonality terms in equation 3, uncertainty in load estimates generally is dominated by the flow 

term and thus the efficiency principles derived using equation 5 should be applicable to the more complicated model 

(eq. 1). Using elegant statistical theory, Gilroy and others 

(1990) developed a close approximation to the root-meansquared error of the estimated total load for an N-day period,

RMSE = 100 (EV{<LN> – LN}2)1/2/LN (6)

where

RMSE is the root-mean-squared error of the load 

estimate as a percentage of the true load;

EV denotes expected value;

LN is the sum of the true daily loads in pounds 

per day for an N-day period; and

<LN> is the MVUE of LN based on a calibration 

data set with M observations (for example, 

the estimate obtained using S-LOADEST); 

Assuming N is large (for example, for a 5-year period, N 

would be 1,826 days), the size of the calibration data set (the 

number of concentration samples) used to fit the model (eq. 5) 

is small in relation to N, daily discharges are log-normally 

distributed, and the errors in equation 5 are independent and 

identically distributed normal random variables, Gilroy and 

others (1990) show that RMSE depends on two quantities,

D* = (AVEC{ln Q}–AVEN{ln Q})/SDN{ln Q} (7)

and

R* = SDC{ln Q}/ SDN{ln Q} (8)

where

D* is the difference between the average of 

the log-transformed daily flows for the 

calibration dataset (AVEC{ln Q}) and 

the average of the log-transformed daily 

flows for the full dataset (AVEN{ln Q}), 

divided by the standard deviation of logtransformed daily flows for the full dataset 

(SDN{ln Q}); and

R* is the ratio of the standard deviations of 

the log-transformed daily flows for the 

calibration dataset (SDC{ln Q}) and the full 

dataset.

Gilroy and others (1990) show that an efficient design 

(one with small RMSE for a fixed number of samples) should 

have R* greater than 1 and D* close to β1. Designs with R* 

less than 1 and/or abs(D*- β1) greater than 1 generally are 

highly inefficient. Because each site/constituent combination 

can have a different slope (β1), the most efficient design for 

load estimation, like the most efficient design for trend detection described in the previous section, depends on the site/

constituent combination. For example, for the extreme case of 

a constant point source (β1=0) the loads do not depend on flow 

and the best design would have AVEC{ln Q} = AVEN{ln Q}, so 

flows for the calibration data should have a similar distribution to flows for the full dataset. If concentration is constant 

with respect to flow (the slope of the ln(C) to ln Q relation is 

zero), then β1=1 and the best design would have AVEC{ln Q} 

= AVEN{ln Q}) + SDN{ln Q} and thus the calibration dataset 

should be weighted toward higher flows. The higher the slope, 

the more weight should be given to higher flows in the calibration dataset. Using the slopes from table 3 as a guide, the 

median slope was 0.89 (range of 0.67 to 1.17) for dissolved 

sulfate and TDS; 0.96 (range of 0.42 to 1.57) for ammonia; 

1.33 (0.97 to 1.78) for nitrite plus nitrate; 1.18 (0.63 to 2.02) 

for total and dissolved phosphorus; 1.05 (0.92 to 1.28) for 

total organic carbon; and 1.26 (0.94 to 2.01) for suspended 

sediment. Overall, D*=1 (covering a range of β1 from 0 to 2, 

with especially good efficiency for β1 between 0.5 and 1.5) 

appears be a good target to maintain high efficiency for all of 

the sites and constituents. A value of D*=0.5 (covering a range 

from -0.5 to 1.5 with especially good efficiency for a range of 

0 to 1) would be relatively efficient for many cases but may 

be inefficient for nutrients and suspended sediment for some 

sites. 

As an experiment to evaluate various designs for load 

estimation for 5-year time periods, daily flow data for 5 sites 

were used to compute D* and R* for moving 5-year windows 

centered on 1973 (1971–75) through 2005 (2003–07). In this 

analysis, flows from April 1 to October 31 of each year were 
78 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

used to avoid ice-cover conditions. The values of D* for the 

five sites and various designs are shown in figure 38 and the 

values of R* are shown in figure 39. Although the sites are 

scattered throughout North Dakota and represent a range of 

basin sizes (table 6), the overall results and conclusions were 

similar. For the level-3 design (samples in April, June, August, 

and October; fig. 38A), D* was less than 0.2 for most site/

time period combinations and less than 0.0 for many combinations, so that design is highly inefficient for load estimation. 

For the recommended seven-sample trend design for level-1 

sites (samples in April, May, June, July, August, and October, 

excluding January; fig. 38B), D* increased by about 0.2 compared to the level-3 design for most site/time period combinations, a big improvement over level-3 but still well below the 

target of D*=1. The current (2010) ambient network design 

consists of the level-1 trend design plus an extra sample in 

May (fig. 38C). Although this design provides some increases 

in D* compared to the design in figure 38B, the extra sample 

in May provides only small improvement in efficiency. Adding 

an extra sample in April rather than May (fig. 38D) results 

in much better overall efficiency, with D* between 0.2 and 

0.4 for most site/time period combinations. Thus, moving the 

sample in mid- to late-May that is in the current (2010) ambient network design to mid-April would be a more efficient 

design for load estimation. Adding a third or fourth sample 

in April (figs. 38E and 38F) provides still more improvement in efficiency. The design shown in figure 38F, with four 

samples in April (weekly beginning April 5) and one sample 

each in May, June, July, August, and October, for a total of 

nine samples during April–October, has D* greater than 0.5 

for many of the site/time period combinations. Reaching the 

optimal target of D*=1 is not feasible without a much higher 

sampling frequency. 

The other consideration (R* greater than 1) can be evaluated using figure 39. It is apparent that the design with two 

samples in April (fig. 39D) has R* greater than 1 much more 

frequently than the design with two samples in May (fig. 39C), 

providing additional evidence to place the extra sample in 

April instead of May. Designs with 3 or 4 samples in April 

(figs. 39E and 39F) also have R* greater than 1 for most site/

time period combinations.

 Given the previous results, augmenting the level-1 

design for trends by adding an extra sample in April would 

provide a good alternative for improving load estimates. Adding as many as two more samples in April (weekly) would 

provide still more improvement for load estimation but at 

considerably more cost. It may be prudent to select a few of 

the ambient network sites as test sites where more frequent 

April samples would be collected for a few years to see if the 

improvement in load estimates justify the added cost of the 

extra samples. 

Overview of Potential Network

The potential State-wide sampling network for efficiently 

accomplishing the objectives of the sampling programs is 

summarized in table 7 and figure 33. Although only major ions 

and nutrients were used to determine the spatial distribution 

of sites and temporal sampling frequencies for this network, 

analysis of samples for trace-metal constituents for all sites 

and bacteria and sediment for the level-1 sites were included 

in the potential network because they are part of the current (2010) sampling networks and should be continued for 

monitoring water-quality conditions. The historical data for 

trace metals, bacteria, and sediment were not sufficient to do 

a rigorous analysis of network efficiency similar to what was 

done for major ions and nutrients. Therefore, the same design 

was assumed for trace metals for all sites. It was also assumed 

that bacteria and sediment would be sampled along with the 

other constituents at the level-1 sites. 

For the 34 level-1 sites, samples would be collected 

for major ions, trace metals, nutrients, bacteria, and sediment eight times per year, with samples in January, April 

(two samples), May, June, July, August, and October (table 

7). Thus, there would be a total of 272 samples collected per 

year for each of the constituents. These level-1 sites would 

essentially be a continuation of the 2010 NDDH ambient 

network (34 sites) and the Souris River International Joint 

Board monitoring program at the Souris River near Sherwood, 

N. Dak. (site 82) and Westhope, N. Dak. (site 98). In 2010, 

there were a total of 324 samples collected at these sites. The 

smaller number of samples in the potential design compared 

to the 2010 sampling program result from elimination of 

replication between NDDH and USGS sampling programs at 

two sites in the Souris Basin (sites 85 and 87, fig. 33). NDDH 

currently collects samples eight times per year and USGS collects samples seven times per year at each of these two sites 

for the same constituents and thus eliminating the extra USGS 

sampling would result in 14 fewer samples. 

For the 21 level-2 sites, samples would be collected 

for major ions, trace metals, and nutrients six times per year 

(January, April, May, June, August, and October) and for 

the 26 level-3 sites samples would be collected for these 

constituents four times per year (April, June, August, and 

October) (table 7). Thus, there would be a total of 230 major 

ion, trace metal, and nutrient samples collected each year 

at 47 level-2 and level-3 sites. These 47 sites would replace 

the existing HLSP sites, for which, in 2010, there were 166 

samples collected at 83 sites for major ions and trace metals. 

Although there are 36 fewer sites in the proposed network, 

in 2010, 21 of these 36 sites were sampled as both HLSP 

and NDDH ambient network sites (fig. 1). Thus, most of the 

2010 HLSP sites would continue to be sampled as part of the 

potential network and only 15 of the 2010 HLSP sites would 

not be included in the potential network. These 15 sites (sites 

2, 25, 30, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 74, 83, 89, 141, 150, 154, and 

186; fig. 1) generally are either in close proximity to sites in 

the potential network or on very small drainages. Although 
Sampling Designs to Monitor Water-Quality Trends and Loads 79

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Samples in April, June, August, and October Samples in April, May, June, July, August, and October

Midpoint of 5-year interval

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Samples in April, May (2 samples), June, July, August, and October Samples in April (2 samples), May, June, July, August, and October

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Samples in April (3 samples), May, June, July, August, and October

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Samples in April (4 samples), May, June, July, August, and October

Standardized difference between mean of log-tranformed streamflow for calibration dataset 

and mean of log-transformed streamflow for full dataset

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (site 56)

Goose River at Hillsboro (site 55)

Sheyenne River near Cooperstown (site 32)

Knife River at Hazen (site 127) 

Spring Creek at Zap (site 125)

EXPLANATION

A B

C D

E F

Figure 38. Efficiency of sample designs for load estimation in terms of standardized difference between the average of log-transformed 

flows for the calibration dataset and log-transformed flows for the full dataset for 5-year moving windows. 
80 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Midpoint of 5-year interval

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

 Ratio between standard deviation of log-tranformed streamflow for calibration dataset

and standard deviation of log-transformed streamflow for full dataset

Samples in April, June, August, and October Samples in April, May, June, July, August, and October

Samples in April, May (2 samples), June, July, August, and October Samples in April (2 samples), May, June, July, August, and October

Samples in April (3 samples), May, June, July, August, and October Samples in April (4 samples), May, June, July, August, and October

A B

C D

E F

Red River of the North at Grand Forks (site 56)

Goose River at Hillsboro (site 55)

Sheyenne River near Cooperstown (site 32)

Knife River at Hazen (site 127) 

Spring Creek at Zap (site 125)

EXPLANATION

Figure 39. Efficiency of sample designs for load estimation in terms of ratio between the standard deviation of log-transformed flows 

for the calibration dataset and the standard deviation of log-transformed flows for the full dataset for 5-year moving windows.
Summary 81

Table 7. Summary of potential state-wide water-quality sampling network for North Dakota.

Design 

level

Number 

of sites

Sampling 

frequency

Total 

number of 

samples 

per year

Sampling time Constituent groups Sampling objectives

1 34 8 272 January, April (2 samples), May, 

June, July, August, October

Majors, trace metals, nutrients, 

bacteria, sediment

Trends and loads

2 21 6 126 January, April, May, June, August, 

October

Majors, trace metals, nutrients Fill gaps in trends network

3 26 4 104 April, June, August, October Majors, trace metals, nutrients Fill gaps in spatial coverage

maintaining the level-2 and level-3 network at the suggested 

sampling frequencies would require additional resources 

compared to the current HLSP costs, there would be substantial benefits in terms of higher sensitivity to evaluate changes 

in water quality. Reducing costs from the potential level-2 

and level-3 network could be achieved by lowering sampling 

frequencies (and losing power to detect trends) or eliminating 

sampling sites (and losing spatial coverage in some areas). 

Although nutrients are not sampled as part of the 2010 HLSP, 

including nutrient samples would provide substantial benefits for monitoring water-quality with negligible increase in 

sampling costs; however, laboratory costs would be higher as 

a result of adding nutrient analyses. 

Summary

Although data collected for the North Dakota State Water 

Commission High-Low Sampling Program, the North Dakota 

Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network, and 

other projects and programs provide valuable information on 

the quality of water in streams of North Dakota, the objectives vary among the programs, some of the programs overlap 

spatially and temporally, and the various sampling designs 

may not be the most efficient or relevant to the objectives of 

the individual programs as they have changed through time. In 

response to the need to examine the large amount of historic 

water-quality data comprehensively across North Dakota and 

evaluate the efficiency of the State-wide sampling program, a 

study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission and 

the North Dakota Department of Health to describe the waterquality data collected by the various programs and determine 

an efficient State-wide sampling design for monitoring future 

water-quality conditions.

Median concentrations of water-quality constituents 

at sampling locations in North Dakota were determined 

for the period of record and for the spring (March through 

June), summer (July through October), and winter (November through February) seasons at each sampling location. In 

general, median sulfate concentrations tended to be higher in 

the southwest part of the State compared to the northeast part 

of the State in the Red River of the North Basin. Seasonal 

variations indicated lower median concentrations in samples 

collected during spring and higher concentrations from 

samples collected during winter at many locations. Median 

chloride concentrations tended to be lower in the southwest 

and higher in the northeast parts of the State, nearly the 

opposite of the pattern seen in median sulfate concentrations. 

Substantial differences in median chloride concentrations were 

not evident among samples collected during different seasons. 

In general, median total dissolved solid concentrations tended 

to be lower for sites in the Red River of the North, Souris, 

and James River Basins compared to sites in southwest North 

Dakota. Like sulfate, median total dissolved solid concentrations at many locations tended to be lower in samples collected during spring compared to samples collected during the 

summer and winter.

In general, overall median ammonia concentrations 

(total and dissolved) were spatially variable across the State. 

Seasonally, median ammonia concentrations generally were 

highest during winter and lowest in summer. The highest 

overall median nitrate plus nitrite concentrations (total and dissolved) tended to occur in the Red River of the North Basin. 

This pattern of high concentrations in the Red River of the 

North Basin was particularly evident during the spring season, 

and may reflect fertilizer application to row crops and other 

cropland in that area. This pattern was reversed during the 

winter season, with the lowest median concentration occurring 

in the Red River of the North Basin. Median dissolved and 

total phosphorus concentrations across North Dakota generally 

were greater for the Red, Souris, and James River Basins than 

river basins in the southwest part of the State. Median dissolved phosphorus concentrations tended to be similar among 

the seasons, whereas median total phosphorus concentrations 

tended to be higher in the summer than other seasons, particularly in the Souris, Devils Lake, and James River Basins. 

Median dissolved and total organic carbon concentrations 

tended to be the lowest in samples collected at sites located 

in the eastern part of the State compared with other median 

concentrations at sites throughout the remainder of the State.

Median total aluminum concentrations generally were 

higher in samples from sites in the southern and eastern parts 

of the State compared to concentrations in other parts of 

the State. Seasonal variations indicated higher median total 

aluminum concentrations during spring and summer and lower 
82 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

concentrations during winter at many locations. Median total 

arsenic concentrations in North Dakota indicate that the lowest 

values occurred mostly in the southwestern parts of the State, 

whereas the highest values occurred mostly in the eastern parts 

of the State. Seasonal variations indicated higher median total 

arsenic concentrations in samples collected during summer 

and lower concentrations from samples collected during winter at many locations. Median total chromium concentrations 

in water samples collected across North Dakota generally were 

higher in the far eastern and western areas of the State, and 

seasonal variations indicated higher median total chromium 

concentrations in samples collected during spring and lower 

concentrations from samples collected during winter at many 

locations. Median total iron concentrations in North Dakota 

were lowest in the Souris, Sheyenne, and James River Basins 

compared to sites in other parts of North Dakota. The highest median total lead concentrations in water samples were 

scattered across North Dakota. Seasonal variations indicated 

higher median total lead concentrations during spring and 

lower concentrations during winter at many locations, particularly in the Red River of the North Basin. Median total 

nickel concentrations were higher at a few sites in the southwest and eastern parts of North Dakota compared to other 

sites. Seasonal variations indicated higher median total nickel 

concentrations in samples collected during spring and lower 

concentrations from samples collected during winter at many 

locations. Median suspended-sediment concentrations and 

total suspended solids in water samples obtained across North 

Dakota were higher at sites located in parts of southwestern 

and eastern North Dakota compared to sites located in other 

areas of the State.

Normalized annual loads and yields were estimated for 

sulfate, total dissolved solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, total 

organic carbon, and suspended sediment at 34 sites across 

North Dakota. Normalized annual sulfate yields ranged from 

9,250 to 56,200 pounds per year per square mile in the Missouri River Basin and from 4,680 to 72,500 pounds per year 

per square mile in the Red River of the North Basin. Total 

dissolved solids yields ranged from 30,400 to 119,000 pounds 

per year per square mile in the Missouri River Basin and from 

13,000 to 169,000 pounds per year per square mile in the Red 

River of the North Basin. Nitrate plus nitrite yields ranged 

from 24 to 120 pounds per year per square mile as nitrogen 

in the Missouri River Basin and from 2 to 1,260 pounds per 

year per square mile as nitrogen in the Red River of the North 

Basin. Ammonia yields ranged from 6 to 22 pounds per year 

per square mile as nitrogen in the Missouri River Basin and 

from 4 to 62 pounds per year per square mile as nitrogen in 

the Red River of the North Basin. Normalized annual dissolved phosphorus yields ranged from less than 1 to 35 pounds 

per year per square mile as phosphorus in the Missouri River 

Basin and from 5 to 47 pounds per year per square mile as 

phosphorus in the Red River of the North Basin. Normalized annual total phosphorus yields ranged from less than 

1 to 167 pounds per year per square mile as phosphorus in 

the Missouri River Basin and from 6 to 76 pounds per year 

per square mile as phosphorus in the Red River of the North 

Basin. Normalized annual total organic carbon yields ranged 

from 426 to 2,670 pounds per year per square mile as carbon 

in the Missouri River Basin and from 394 to 11,100 pounds 

per year per square mile as carbon in the Red River of the 

North Basin. Suspended-sediment yields ranged from 519 to 

622,000 pounds per year per square mile in the Missouri River 

Basin and from 1,500 to 78,800 pounds per year per square 

mile in the Red River of the North Basin.

Ten sites were selected for trend analysis for sulfate, 

total dissolved solids, nitrate plus nitrite, and total phosphorus. The fitted trends for standardized sulfate concentrations 

indicated significant increases in concentration at five sites 

and a significant decrease in concentration at one site from 

1975 through 2008. Median standardized sulfate concentrations increased from about 55 to 106 milligrams per liter for 

the Red River of the North at Grand Forks, North Dakota; 

262 to 308 milligrams per liter for the Souris River near 

Sherwood, North Dakota; 455 to 506 milligrams per liter for 

Spring Creek at Zap, North Dakota; 440 to 520 milligrams 

per liter for the Knife River at Hazen, North Dakota; and 380 

to 435 milligrams per liter for the Heart River near Mandan, 

North Dakota. The fitted trend for the Little Missouri River 

near Watford City, North Dakota showed a decrease in median 

standardized concentration from about 492 to 417 milligrams 

per liter. The fitted trends for standardized total dissolved solid 

concentrations indicated significant increases in concentration at five sites from 1975 through 2008, including the Heart 

River near Mandan, North Dakota, Knife River at Hazen, 

North Dakota, Spring Creek at Zap, North Dakota, and the 

Red River of the North at Grand Forks, North Dakota. The 

greatest increase in median standardized total dissolved solid 

concentrations was detected for the Wild Rice River near 

Abercrombie, North Dakota, where median concentrations 

increased from about 690 to 1,120 milligrams per liter from 

1975 through 2008. 

The fitted trends for standardized nitrate plus nitrite 

concentrations indicated no significant increases or decreases 

in concentration for 7 of the 8 sites analyzed for trends; however, median standardized nitrate plus nitrite concentration for 

the Red River of the North near Grand Forks, North Dakota 

increased from about 0.26 to 0.45 milligrams per liter as nitrogen during 1990 to 2008. The fitted trends for standardized 

total phosphorus concentrations indicated significant decreases 

in concentration at 4 sites and a significant increase at 1 out of 

the 10 sites analyzed for trends. All of the significant decreases 

were for sites in western North Dakota, including decreases 

in median standardized total phosphorus concentration for the 

Cannonball River at Breien, North Dakota, Heart River near 

Mandan, North Dakota, Knife River at Hazen, North Dakota, 

and Spring Creek at Zap, North Dakota. Conversely, median 

standardized total phosphorus concentration for the Red River 

of the North at Grand Forks, North Dakota increased from 

about 0.10 to 0.16 milligrams per liter from 1990 through 

2008. 
References Cited 83

One objective of a proposed State-wide sampling program was to describe the spatial variability of water-quality 

conditions across the State in the most efficient manner. To 

evaluate the spatial redundancy in nested (upstream/downstream) samples, two constituents – sulfate and phosphorus – 

were selected. Weighted least-squares regression analysis was 

used to relate the average absolute difference between paired 

downstream and upstream concentrations, expressed as a percent of the average downstream concentration, to the average 

absolute difference in daily flow between the downstream and 

upstream pairs, expressed as a percent of the average downstream flow. The analysis showed that a reasonable spatial 

network would consist of including the most downstream sites 

in large basins first, followed by the next upstream site(s) that 

roughly bisect the downstream flows at the first sites, followed 

by the next upstream site(s) that roughly bisect flows for the 

second sites. Sampling sites to be included in a potential Statewide network were prioritized into 3 design levels: level 1 

(highest priority), level 2 (second priority), and level 3 (third 

priority). In all, the potential network consists of 81 sites, with 

34 level-1 sites, 21 level-2 sites, and 26 level-3 sites. 

Given the spatial distribution and priority designation 

(levels 1–3) of sites in the potential spatial network, the next 

consideration was to determine the appropriate temporal 

sampling frequency to use for monitoring future water-quality 

conditions. The time-series model used to detect concentration trends for this report also was used to evaluate sampling 

designs to monitor future water-quality trends. Sampling 

designs were evaluated with regard to their sensitivity to 

detect seasonal trends that occurred during three 4-month 

seasons—March through June, July through October, and 

November through February. The most efficient design for one 

constituent may be an inefficient design for another constituent. Therefore, the design results for sulfate, total dissolved 

solids, nitrate plus nitrite, and total phosphorus were analyzed 

at the sites examined for trends to develop an efficient overall 

design. Unlike sample designs for detecting trends that are 

targeting flow-adjusted concentration through time, sample 

designs for the estimation of constituent loads should focus 

on the main contributing factor that can affect the annual load, 

changes in concentration with streamflow. 

For the 34 level-1 sites, samples would be collected 

for major ions, trace metals, nutrients, bacteria, and sediment eight times per year, with samples in January, April (2 

samples), May, June, July, August, and October. The current 

(2010) ambient network design consists of the level-1 trend 

design with an additional sample in May instead of April. 

Moving the sample in mid- to late-May that is in the current 

(2010) ambient network design to mid-April would be a more 

efficient design for load estimation. For the 21 level-2 sites, 

samples would be collected for major ions, trace metals, and 

nutrients six times per year (January, April, May, June, August, 

and October) and for the 26 level-3 sites, samples would be 

collected for these constituents four times per year (April, 

June, August, and October). Although maintaining the level-2 

and level-3 network at the suggested sampling frequencies 

would require additional resources compared to the current 

High-Low Flow Sampling Program costs, there would be 

substantial benefits in terms of higher sensitivity to evaluate 

changes in water quality. 

References Cited

Allan, J.D., 1995, Stream ecology – structure and function of 

running waters: London, Chapman and Hall, 388 p.

Childress, C.J., Foreman, W.T., Connor, B.F., and Maloney, 

T.J, 1999, New reporting procedures based on long-term 

method detection levels and some considerations for 

interpretations of water-quality data provided by the U.S. 

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 99–193, 19 p.

Cohn, T.A., 1995, Recent advances in statistical methods for 

the estimation of sediment and nutrient transport in rivers, 

U.S. National Report to the International Union Geodesy 

and Geophysics, 1991–1994: Reviews of Geophysics, 

Supplement 33, p. 1,117–1,123.

Cohn, T.A., Cauldes, D.L., Gilroy, E.J., Zynjuk, L.D., and 

Summers, R.M., 1992, The validity of a simple long-linear 

model for estimating fluvial constituent loads entering 

Chesapeake Bay: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 9, p. 

2,353–2,363.

Cohn, T.A., DeLong, L.L., Gilroy, E.J., Hirsch, R.M., and 

Wells, D.K., 1989, Estimating constituent loads: Water 

Resources Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 237–942.

Gilroy, E.J., Hirsch, R.M., and Cohn, T.A., 1990, Mean square 

error of regression-based constituent transport estimates: 

Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 9, p. 2,069–2,077

Gray, J.R., Glysson, G.D., Turcios, L.M., and Schwarz, G.E., 

2000, Comparability of suspended-sediment concentration 

and total suspended solids data: U.S. Geological WaterResources Investigations Report 00–4191, 14 p.

Guy, H.P., 1970, Fluvial sediment concepts: U.S. Geological 

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 

3, chap. C1, 55 p.

Hirsch, R.M., Slack, J.R., and Smith, R.A., 1982, Techniques 

of trend analysis for monthly water-quality data: Water 

Resources Research, v. 18, no. 1, p. 107–121.

Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical 

characteristics of natural water: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.
84 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

International Souris River Board, 2009, Water quality – International Souris River Board of the International Joint Commission: accessed March 11, 2010, at http://www.ijc.org/rel/

pdf/fact_sheets/water-quality.pdf.

Jones, G., and Armstrong, N., 2001, Long-term trends in total 

nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in Manitoba 

streams: Water Quality Management Section, Water Branch, 

Manitoba Conservation, Report No. 2001–07, 154 p.

North Dakota Department of Health, 2005, North Dakota’s 

water quality monitoring strategy for surface waters, 

2005–2014, accessed August 30, 2007, at http://www.health.

state.nd.us/WQ/SW/A_Publications.htm.

North Dakota Department of Health, 2010, Standards of Water 

Quality for the State of North Dakota, North Dakota Department of Health, Division of Water Quality, Bismarck, North 

Dakota, accessed March 11, 2010, at http://www.legis.

nd.gov/information/acdata/pdf/33-16-02.1.pdf.

Pope, L.M., Rosner, S.M., Hoffman, D.C., and Ziegler, A.C., 

2004, Summary of available State ambient stream-waterquality data, 1990-98, and limitations for national assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4116, 55 p., accessed August 30, 2007, at 

http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034316/.

Runkel, R.L., Crawford, C.G., and Cohn, T.A., 2004, Load 

estimator (LOADEST)—A FORTRAN program for 

estimating constituent loads in streams and rivers: U.S. 

Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 4, chap. 

A5, 69 p.

Ryberg, K.R., and Hiemenz, Gregory, 2009, Summary and 

analysis of water-quality data for the Arrowwood National 

Wildlife Refuge, east-central North Dakota, 1987–2004: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2009–5017, 92 p.

Trench, E.C., and Vecchia, A.V., 2002, Water-quality trend 

analysis and sampling design for streams in Connecticut, 

1968-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4011, 94 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1972, Water in the 

challenge of the environment—A primer on EPA’s statutory 

authority, accessed September 24, 2007, at http://www.epa.

gov/history/topics/fwpca/index.html.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009, Drinking-water 

Contaminants, accessed March 4, 2011, at http://water.epa.

gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, Programs and plans—Quality 

of existing dissolved trace-element data: U.S. Geological 

Survey Office of Water-Quality Technical Memorandum 

92.05, accessed May 10, 2012, at http://water.usgs.gov/

admin/memo/QW/qw92.05.html.

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surface-water samples for low-level inorganic analyses: 

U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water-Quality Technical Memorandum 93.11, accessed May 10, 2012, at http://

water.usgs.gov/admin/memo/QW/qw93.11.html.

Vecchia, A.V., 2000, Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for the Souris River, Saskatchewan, North 

Dakota, and Manitoba: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 00–4019, 77 p.

Vecchia, A.V., 2003, Water-Quality Trend Analysis and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4094, 

73 p.

Vecchia, A.V., 2005, Water-Quality Trend Analysis and 

Sampling Design for Streams in the Red River of the 

North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 

1970–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 05–5224, 54 p.

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28 p. 
Appendix 1. Summary statistics for constituents and field 

measurements at selected sites in North Dakota

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1993 through 2008.

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and 

suspended sediment at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected 

sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.
86 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Boron, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 217 <50 497

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 35 1973–2008 60 <50 280

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 394 394 394

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 53 2000–2007 90 <50 238

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 9 1970–1972 70 60 110

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 91 1975–2008 80 <50 530

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 31 1971–2008 173 <50 460

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 162 <50 3,300

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 76 <50 218

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 182 1970–2008 290 <50 840

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 102 1970–2008 80 <50 270

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 87 1970–1986 80 <50 370

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 117 <50 278

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 12 2005–2007 93 86 151

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 180 1972–2008 722 <50 1,200

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 80 <50 1,100

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 45 1997–2006 254 82 438

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 99 1970–2008 150 <50 418

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 20 1987–2008 <50 <50 150

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 60 <50 390

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 50 <50 980

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 18 1987–2008 55 <50 175

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 80 80 80

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 56 1983–2008 50 <50 189

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 111 <50 223

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 5 2005–2008 96 52 138

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 24 1976–1994 140 <50 360

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 113 1970–1994 100 <50 830

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 43 1970–1986 400 100 1,500

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 54 1984–2008 80 <50 480

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 6 2005–2007 530 377 619

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 279 1970–2008 190 <50 890

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 73 1972–2008 149 <50 830

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 135 1972–2008 170 <50 310

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 14 1972–2005 145 <50 240

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 260 1970–2008 210 <50 400

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 115 1972–2008 214 70 2,600

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

21 1993–2008 185 90 245

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 115 70 140

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 87

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Boron, in μg/L—Continued

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 5 1994–2007 131 91 168

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 39 1970–2008 130 <50 5,400

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 90 <50 240

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 44 1972–2008 165 <50 520

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 16 1972–2008 204 <50 1,000

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 56 1997–2008 232 <50 405

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 1 2005 115 115 115

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 32 1972–2008 162 <50 790

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 60 <50 250

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 <50 <50 60

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 9 1970–1972 212 104 300

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1983–1987 <50 <50 150

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 29 1972–2008 106 <50 290

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 8 1970–1973 120 <50 243

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 120 <50 2,700

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 130 1970–2008 200 <50 1,100

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 145 1970–2008 84 <50 168

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 9 1991–2008 81 <50 336

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 104 1971–2008 491 <50 14,000

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 9 1987–2005 <50 <50 140

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 115 <50 240

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 45 1972–2008 <50 <50 280

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 124 1971–2008 92 <50 852

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 90 <50 560

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 80 <50 240

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 80 <50 120

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 100 <50 300

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 190 <50 830

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 38 1972–2008 85 <50 1,100

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 70 <50 320

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 21 1972–1994 <50 <50 280

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 <50 <50 280

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 62 1970–1979 130 <50 680

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 75 1970–2008 120 <50 220

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 189 1970–2008 130 <50 290

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 102 1972–2008 140 <50 380

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 80 <50 350

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 97 1970–2008 110 <50 396

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 2 1982–1991 145 130 160

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 52 1972–2008 82 <50 650

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
88 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Boron, in μg/L—Continued

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 175 <50 310

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 302 1972–2008 232 <50 5,100

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 142 1972–2008 270 <50 1,300

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 149 1972–2008 148 <50 808

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 191 1970–2008 209 <50 1,100

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 8 1987–2005 182 60 2,670

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 311 1970–2008 253 <50 980

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 116 1972–2008 150 <50 1,100

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 120 1970–2008 209 <50 780

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 52 1972–2008 130 <50 380

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 13 1986–1993 150 <50 10,000

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 31 1972–2007 50 <50 210

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 125 <50 270

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 120 <50 320

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 17 1975–1989 120 <50 470

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 100 <50 220

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 22 1972–1994 120 <50 390

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 94 1970–2008 200 58 510

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 160 <50 760

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 73 1974–1982 130 60 350

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 58 1972–2008 280 <50 860

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 31 1977–1981 280 <50 400

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 350 <50 970

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 280 <50 370

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 320 <50 960

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 23 1970–2008 230 70 354

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 380 <50 940

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 46 1991–2008 593 <50 1,071

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 43 1991–2008 477 <50 964

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 65 1971–2008 260 <50 950

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 1,400 250 2,800

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 86 1972–2008 431 <50 3,050

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 79 1977–2008 648 90 1,100

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 113 1971–2008 359 <50 3,310

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 160 1971–2007 118 <50 330

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 98 1972–2008 395 <50 1,500

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 460 130 1,200

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 330 <50 1,100

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 210 <50 1,300

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 89

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Boron, in μg/L—Continued

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 111 1971–2008 325 <50 1,500

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 330 <50 700

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 81 1974–1988 340 <50 470

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 550 80 1,300

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 670 100 920

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 189 1970–2008 450 <50 1,600

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 14 1972–1994 120 <50 1,200

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 170 1970–2008 322 <50 1,300

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 28 1977–1982 235 <50 430

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 10 1977–1982 65 <50 190

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 165 <50 460

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 315 60 430

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 35 1977–1982 240 <50 500

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 16 1978–1982 130 <50 590

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 635 <50 1,100

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 100 1987–2003 499 70 1,400

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 201 1970–2003 378 <50 1,000

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 180 <50 310

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 55 1977–1982 310 <50 800

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 385 <50 770

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 60 1972–2008 577 <50 2,900

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 29 1972–2008 132 <50 2,800

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 69 1974–2008 120 <50 540

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 20 1979–1983 195 <50 420

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 530 110 1,600

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 67 1975–2005 600 80 1,300

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 17 1986–1994 400 140 580

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 97 1972–2008 340 <50 1,700

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 29 1970–1975 330 <50 620

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 123 1972–2008 378 <50 1,700

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 20 1989–2008 320 70 801

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 15 1972–2008 170 <50 650

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 16 1991–2008 353 120 859

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 43 1971–1994 210 <50 1,700

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 21 1988–2008 323 <50 548

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 27 1972–2008 302 <50 1,200

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 112 1971–2008 367 <50 1,700

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 10 1990–1994 305 70 670

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 106 1972–2008 825 <50 1,700

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 48 1976–1981 120 90 150

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
90 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Boron, in μg/L—Continued

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 37 1978–2005 570 80 930

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 63 1974–1983 1,100 120 3,100

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 99 1970–2008 510 <50 1,300

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 560 <50 1,600

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 65 1997–2008 513 126 1,680

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 24 1972–1994 785 <50 2,200

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 56 1971–2008 545 60 3,000

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 46 1977–1981 650 160 1,300

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 545 <50 1,700

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 87 1972–2008 471 <50 1,900

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 123 1970–2008 513 <50 1,440

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 35 1972–1989 200 <50 660

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 18 1990–2008 250 80 470

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 718 <50 2,000

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 63 1974–1987 2,700 140 6,600

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 220 <50 586

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 137 1972–2008 160 <50 2,300

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 173 1985–2008 150 <50 302

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 10 1986–1989 75 <50 110

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 142 1978–2008 130 <50 307

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 42 1974–2008 120 <50 870

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 4 1971–1974 135 <50 600

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 184 1972–2008 182 <50 630

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 261 1970–2008 220 <50 1,000

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 34 1977–2008 155 <50 1,000

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 107 1970–2008 210 <50 1,500

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 91 1974–2008 200 <50 1,100

Sodium, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 50 10 177

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 74 1973–2008 15 5 50

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 23 16 268

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 20 9 54

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 34 1970–1999 14 8 42

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 134 1975–2008 15 7 92

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 47 1971–2008 86 6 433

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 66 50 980

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 43 25 80

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 257 1970–2008 100 8 420

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 186 1970–2008 18 7 43

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 146 1970–1986 19 7 110

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 91

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sodium, in mg/L—Continued

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 31 10 64

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 54 1993–2006 27 16 44

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 199 1972–2008 250 20 480

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 25 3 82

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 127 56 202

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 227 1970–2008 81 14 190

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 33 7 181

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 42 10 130

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 54 5 233

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 46 8 290

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 60 55 64

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 94 1983–2008 20 4 97

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 61 24 217

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 83 24 167

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 56 9 200

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 135 1970–1997 45 13 220

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 415 49 1,800

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 85 1984–2008 58 23 360

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 624 270 1,100

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 353 1970–2008 91 16 190

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 94 1972–2008 58 6 150

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 165 1972–2008 79 20 176

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 29 1972–2005 64 24 132

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 349 1970–2008 84 26 560

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 313 1972–2008 68 10 148

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

36 1993–2008 78 31 110

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 49 20 69

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 62 27 125

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 62 1970–2008 65 23 104

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 74 9 293

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 88 12 180

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 87 19 150

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 74 1995–2008 92 13 499

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 37 1993–2005 67 23 111

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 48 7 130

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 13 9 110

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 11 6 60

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 15 1970–1996 80 30 138

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 55 13 82

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
92 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sodium, in mg/L—Continued

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 178 1972–2008 31 8 78

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 117 1970–2003 82 7 290

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 65 8 124

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 166 1970–2008 79 9 330

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 242 1970–2008 19 4 64

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 47 11 130

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 105 1971–2008 290 56 2,100

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 75 1973–2005 20 9 100

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 43 25 340

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 40 15 148

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 154 1971–2008 46 7 738

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 39 19 64

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 52 18 83

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 23 13 32

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 44 14 55

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 144 1970–2008 95 12 370

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 74 1972–2008 34 9 130

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 8 <3 25

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 27 12 82

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 24 16 75

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 62 1970–1979 48 16 80

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 83 1970–2008 58 13 90

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 270 1970–2008 48 18 110

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 133 1972–2008 48 18 72

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 72 1972–2008 26 13 39

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993–1993 33 14 48

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 152 1970–2008 31 8 130

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 148 1977–2004 34 8 190

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 70 1972–2008 125 14 418

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 300 90 850

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 302 1972–2008 120 14 507

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 202 1972–2008 91 26 360

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 188 1972–2008 200 12 488

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 207 1970–2008 127 21 905

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 120 17 460

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 373 1970–2008 134 18 554

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 134 1972–2008 69 25 328

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 152 1970–2008 111 29 320

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 90 1972–2008 91 <3 310

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 81 12 500

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 93

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sodium, in mg/L—Continued

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 68 1972–2007 47 7 95

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 56 16 190

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 110 34 190

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 33 1975–2000 90 17 190

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 78 8 190

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 39 1972–2000 102 13 400

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 214 1970–2008 110 23 420

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 520 40 800

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 95 1974–1992 65 31 100

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 77 1972–2008 314 14 498

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 405 20 590

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 550 86 920

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 330 16 390

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 360 34 600

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 228 1970–2008 560 25 1,000

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 500 44 650

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 626 16 830

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 295 9 733

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 86 1971–2008 230 35 680

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 700 100 1,000

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 112 1972–2008 290 44 1,170

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 95 1977–2008 360 19 570

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 243 1971–2008 288 54 800

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 288 1971–2007 58 26 82

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 118 1972–2008 310 13 700

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 370 99 1,100

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 390 24 840

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 180 <3 710

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 130 1971–2008 340 15 1,100

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 320 21 650

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 107 1974–1990 280 18 380

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 53 1977–1993 320 35 630

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 285 30 340

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 240 1970–2008 235 19 421

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 150 36 340

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 269 1970–2008 250 25 466

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 44 1977–1985 245 9 740

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 21 1977–1985 32 <3 120

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 115 10 410

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 345 27 610

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
94 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sodium, in mg/L—Continued

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 41 1977–1983 270 30 650

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 39 1978–1988 160 12 320

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 520 24 1,000

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 100 1987–2003 229 36 1,100

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 202 1970–2003 190 <3 580

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 98 6 130

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 55 1977–1982 160 11 210

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 205 16 400

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 81 1972–2008 190 59 291

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 106 5 220

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 120 1974–2008 58 38 80

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 19 1979–1983 140 35 380

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 310 41 1,100

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 76 1975–2005 415 32 910

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 22 1986–1994 295 111 538

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 116 1972–2008 150 15 520

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 33 1970–1993 218 24 482

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 154 1972–2008 221 39 548

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 206 40 405

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 26 1972–2008 76 34 220

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 39 1991–2008 340 49 590

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 140 30 230

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 180 22 278

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 232 25 403

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 232 1971–2008 206 19 453

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 33 1988–2004 140 15 230

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 129 1972–2008 240 9 460

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 68 1974–1981 63 53 74

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 420 45 810

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 84 1974–1983 270 35 660

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 270 36 490

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 290 55 480

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 89 1993–2008 240 10 1,060

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 365 44 920

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 280 25 530

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 390 70 670

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 335 33 540

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 120 1972–2008 240 24 783

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 260 1970–2008 243 3 630

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 39 1972–1993 77 10 140

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 95

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sodium, in mg/L—Continued

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 110 12 180

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 221 14 450

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 920 130 2,000

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 93 8 170

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 155 1972–2008 93 7 570

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 172 1985–2008 85 13 235

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 38 20 57

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 143 1978–2008 68 17 207

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 71 1974–2008 78 11 184

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 9 1971–1993 39 4 95

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 201 1972–2008 76 15 147

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 280 1970–2008 82 8 310

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 54 1977–2008 101 13 173

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 114 1970–2008 83 13 550

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 97 1974–2008 71 12 450

Magnesium, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 84.6 11.6 308.0

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 74 1973–2008 32.4 10.0 82.1

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 42.4 32.6 44.5

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 35.3 16.1 55.0

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 58 1970–1999 30.6 23.0 79.8

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 134 1975–2008 33.0 9.5 110.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 47 1971–2008 81.0 9.0 275.0

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 50.0 30.0 80.0

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 42.6 21.0 86.1

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 247 1970–2008 61.0 4.5 150.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 170 1970–2008 33.0 8.0 55.8

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 168 1970–1986 33.0 11.0 70.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 41.6 18.6 66.8

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 54 1993–2006 40.4 29.1 55.6

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 199 1972–2008 22.0 3.2 92.6

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 24.0 8.5 39.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 46.3 25.8 65.9

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 211 1970–2008 32.0 8.0 58.2

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 29.1 11.0 113.0

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 45.2 12.0 101.0

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 28.0 4.5 97.0

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 27.5 8.0 140.0

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 30.5 30.0 31.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 94 1983–2008 24.8 4.5 71.7

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
96 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Magnesium, in mg/L—Continued

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 44.6 23.0 83.9

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 42.7 15.0 116.0

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 36.0 8.3 110.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 136 1970–1997 32.0 9.8 130.0

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 105.0 26.0 340.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 85 1984–2008 32.0 16.0 110.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 142.0 64.0 250.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 337 1970–2008 35.0 7.6 65.3

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 94 1972–2008 39.0 7.3 68.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 165 1972–2008 38.4 10.0 79.0

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 29 1972–2005 31.0 16.0 56.9

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 333 1970–2008 33.0 11.0 75.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 313 1972–2008 31.0 11.0 70.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

36 1993–2008 40.3 18.0 54.0

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 22.5 12.0 29.0

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 32.0 17.0 50.7

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 62 1970–2008 31.0 13.0 72.3

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 43.0 11.0 150.0

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 60.0 9.5 100.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 56.6 18.0 79.5

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 74 1995–2008 64.2 13.0 120.0

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 37 1993–2005 38.6 25.6 63.0

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 48.6 8.5 90.4

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 16.0 9.5 79.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 9.0 6.5 51.4

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 39 1970–1996 33.0 17.0 47.0

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 45.4 11.0 58.7

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 178 1972–2008 34.0 13.0 58.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 117 1970–2003 45.0 7.5 130.0

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 65.0 12.0 130.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 166 1970–2008 65.2 14.0 105.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 226 1970–2008 28.0 10.7 110.0

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 36.0 6.7 60.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 105 1971–2008 66.2 18.0 200.0

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 75 1973–2005 25.0 11.0 44.0

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 25.0 15.0 140.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 30.0 16.0 63.3

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 154 1971–2008 39.0 7.4 140.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 26.0 9.0 40.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 97

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Magnesium, in mg/L—Continued

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 18.0 5.6 24.0

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 15.0 5.0 34.0

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 22.0 3.1 37.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 144 1970–2008 41.0 8.1 116.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 74 1972–2008 29.5 12.0 56.0

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 32.5 14.0 74.0

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 34.0 13.0 78.0

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 19.0 14.0 47.0

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 62 1970–1979 26.5 6.8 59.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 82 1970–2008 21.2 3.8 29.3

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 254 1970–2008 32.0 1.0 82.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 133 1972–2008 34.0 8.4 53.0

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 72 1972–2008 19.5 8.4 30.0

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993–1993 32.8 21.4 38.1

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 152 1970–2008 31.2 12.5 96.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 148 1977–2004 30.0 16.0 54.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 70 1972–2008 51.7 6.0 110.0

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 29.0 9.4 65.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 302 1972–2008 39.0 6.4 105.7

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 202 1972–2008 34.0 11.0 78.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 188 1972–2008 52.4 5.5 160.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 207 1970–2008 42.6 11.0 187.0

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 36.0 7.5 90.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 372 1970–2008 42.0 10.0 105.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 134 1972–2008 29.0 8.0 57.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 152 1970–2008 38.0 12.0 64.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 90 1972–2008 54.0 10.0 110.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 42.3 8.1 180.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 68 1972–2007 51.1 10.0 95.0

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 31.5 12.0 91.0

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 63.0 22.0 94.0

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 33 1975–2000 56.0 18.0 180.0

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 57.0 12.0 120.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 39 1972–2000 33.0 8.3 140.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 215 1970–2008 40.0 13.0 180.0

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 27.0 6.0 37.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 95 1974–1992 23.0 10.0 31.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 76 1972–2008 64.0 1.0 91.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 39.0 5.6 63.0

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 21.0 5.1 41.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
98 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Magnesium, in mg/L—Continued

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 66.0 6.9 92.0

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 38.0 17.0 74.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 228 1970–2008 25.0 4.6 230.0

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 46.0 9.2 61.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 64.5 5.6 127.4

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 63.0 5.5 100.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 86 1971–2008 23.9 4.6 70.0

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 120.0 21.0 250.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 112 1972–2008 33.1 6.0 338.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 95 1977–2008 88.0 11.0 140.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 243 1971–2008 30.0 3.2 128.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 288 1971–2007 20.8 9.8 28.0

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 118 1972–2008 25.0 2.5 54.0

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 53.0 16.0 180.0

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 35.0 7.3 100.0

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 21.0 6.0 63.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 130 1971–2008 34.0 4.5 79.2

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 37.0 7.0 81.0

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 107 1974–1990 57.0 8.4 97.0

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 53 1977–1993 43.0 5.4 110.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 60.0 5.9 86.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 240 1970–2008 49.0 5.9 80.0

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 40.0 10.0 66.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 269 1970–2008 42.0 6.3 88.4

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 44 1977–1985 46.5 4.8 92.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 21 1977–1985 27.0 2.9 65.0

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 27.0 5.5 81.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 61.0 7.9 100.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 41 1977–1983 34.0 5.8 73.0

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 39 1978–1988 41.0 2.5 130.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 24.0 5.6 55.0

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 100 1987–2003 60.0 12.0 130.1

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 202 1970–2003 68.0 2.5 260.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 54.0 4.6 84.0

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 55 1977–1982 34.0 5.2 48.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 26.0 3.9 52.0

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 81 1972–2008 35.0 14.0 68.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 51.0 4.0 76.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 127 1974–2008 21.0 13.0 26.0

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 19 1979–1983 8.9 <1.0 56.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 99

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Magnesium, in mg/L—Continued

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 28.5 8.6 100.0

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 76 1975–2005 28.5 3.3 120.0

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 22 1986–1994 37.0 13.0 70.5

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 116 1972–2008 27.0 3.5 91.0

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 33 1970–1993 43.4 7.4 93.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 154 1972–2008 46.9 11.5 91.0

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 34.5 11.0 100.0

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 26 1972–2008 43.6 18.0 110.0

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 39 1991–2008 30.9 8.5 70.0

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 35.0 9.5 56.0

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 37.2 6.5 60.0

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 30.0 6.0 60.4

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 232 1971–2008 41.0 <1.0 87.0

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 33 1988–2004 27.9 5.5 53.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 129 1972–2008 31.0 4.3 69.5

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 68 1974–1981 22.0 18.0 30.0

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 67.0 12.0 180.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 84 1974–1983 77.0 13.0 250.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 55.0 15.0 120.0

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 77.0 19.0 160.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 89 1993–2008 56.6 12.2 192.0

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 130.0 15.0 320.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 70.5 11.0 200.0

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 100.0 32.0 180.0

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 115.0 13.0 180.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 120 1972–2008 50.9 8.3 172.0

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 260 1970–2008 51.3 <1.0 150.0

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 39 1972–1993 29.0 4.0 57.0

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 34.0 4.5 56.6

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 8.6 <1.0 12.0

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 160.0 37.0 460.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 33.0 6.3 56.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 155 1972–2008 39.4 6.6 156.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 172 1985–2008 44.2 9.7 139.4

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 28.0 15.0 34.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 143 1978–2008 35.4 12.0 73.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 71 1974–2008 42.0 11.0 106.0

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 9 1971–1993 25.6 4.5 43.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 201 1972–2008 35.2 13.0 71.6

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 280 1970–2008 35.0 6.1 76.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
100 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Magnesium, in mg/L—Continued

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 54 1977–2008 59.6 6.0 110.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 135 1970–2008 37.0 8.2 190.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 97 1974–2008 33.0 9.1 190.0

Potassium, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 10.3 4.9 25.0

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 74 1973–2008 5.7 2.5 15.0

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 7.0 5.2 8.7

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 5.9 4.0 20.0

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 23 1970–1999 4.9 3.6 14.2

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 134 1975–2008 5.5 1.3 24.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 47 1971–2008 19.4 8.5 34.4

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 15.0 9.7 25.0

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 10.1 7.6 12.4

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 249 1970–2008 14.7 1.9 47.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 140 1970–2008 6.0 3.2 23.2

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 136 1970–1986 6.1 3.7 20.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 9.6 5.0 17.5

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 54 1993–2006 7.8 4.8 17.2

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 198 1972–2008 8.3 4.2 20.0

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 4.5 3.6 29.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 10.4 5.8 12.8

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 221 1970–2008 8.3 1.8 19.0

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 13.0 7.7 31.0

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 13.0 4.9 23.0

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 14.0 5.0 32.0

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 13.0 8.0 28.0

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 19.5 19.0 20.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 94 1983–2008 14.0 3.0 28.0

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 16.0 9.7 34.5

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 20.5 10.0 26.0

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 19.0 9.1 40.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 135 1970–1997 18.0 5.3 65.0

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 58.5 16.0 230.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 85 1984–2008 17.0 7.0 30.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 74.8 37.0 125.6

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 347 1970–2008 8.8 6.0 17.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 94 1972–2008 9.5 4.8 17.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 165 1972–2008 10.7 1.8 16.0

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 29 1972–2005 9.8 6.5 15.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 344 1970–2008 11.0 4.9 22.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 101

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Potassium, in mg/L—Continued

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 312 1972–2008 9.4 3.8 15.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

36 1993–2008 9.9 7.5 12.0

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 9.7 6.5 15.0

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 9.7 7.4 12.3

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 62 1970–2008 9.1 5.7 14.0

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 9.0 3.5 22.0

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 12.0 8.3 24.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 11.6 9.0 17.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 74 1995–2008 12.0 6.6 25.0

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 37 1993–2005 10.5 8.1 13.3

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 11.1 4.9 19.0

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 12.0 7.9 17.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 7.6 6.2 11.8

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 3 1970–1996 8.9 7.3 11.0

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 13.4 9.5 16.0

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 178 1972–2008 7.2 3.9 18.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 116 1970–2003 11.0 1.5 19.0

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 11.5 4.9 19.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 166 1970–2008 9.6 2.6 20.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 196 1970–2008 5.9 2.6 12.0

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 5.9 4.2 11.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 105 1971–2008 14.8 7.5 83.0

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 75 1973–2005 5.5 2.9 85.0

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 7.3 1.9 16.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 6.1 3.2 13.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 154 1971–2008 7.3 3.6 62.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 7.8 4.0 12.0

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 5.6 1.6 18.0

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 6.1 4.1 9.6

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 5.1 1.6 11.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 144 1970–2008 9.1 3.8 16.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 74 1972–2008 7.3 3.1 12.0

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 6.7 4.2 14.0

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 11.0 5.2 20.0

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 8.3 3.7 12.0

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 62 1970–1979 8.6 3.2 12.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 82 1970–2008 7.6 2.5 12.0

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 226 1970–2008 9.0 <1.0 21.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 133 1972–2008 10.4 3.2 13.9

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
102 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Potassium, in mg/L—Continued

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 72 1972–2008 6.1 3.8 11.0

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993–1993 8.0 4.3 11.2

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 144 1970–2008 7.4 4.3 11.4

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 148 1977–2004 6.7 3.8 17.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 70 1972–2008 12.2 5.4 23.0

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 11.0 7.0 17.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 200 1972–2008 11.0 6.5 21.7

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 172 1972–2008 13.0 <1.0 26.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 188 1972–2008 12.0 4.1 29.6

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 169 1970–2008 14.0 6.2 29.2

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 12.0 7.6 19.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 288 1970–2008 12.9 6.0 25.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 134 1972–2008 6.0 1.1 20.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 108 1970–2008 11.0 2.0 15.7

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 84 1972–2008 12.6 <1.0 77.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 25 1986–2000 18.0 9.2 24.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 68 1972–2007 16.1 8.2 27.0

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 11.5 7.7 19.0

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 16.0 8.0 37.0

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 33 1975–2000 16.5 10.0 44.0

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 15.0 9.6 27.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 33 1972–2000 12.0 6.8 27.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 201 1970–2008 14.0 4.1 61.0

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 8.1 5.2 10.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 95 1974–1992 4.3 2.7 17.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 77 1972–2008 9.9 5.9 16.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 10.0 5.8 17.0

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 8.0 6.0 9.4

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 9.7 6.8 12.0

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 8.1 4.5 15.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 228 1970–2008 7.6 <1.0 14.0

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 8.0 6.4 11.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 11.0 2.6 19.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 10.6 7.1 19.7

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 86 1971–2008 7.6 3.8 16.0

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 14.0 6.4 22.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 112 1972–2008 10.1 1.8 67.7

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 94 1977–2008 11.0 6.0 17.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 243 1971–2008 10.0 4.4 49.9

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 288 1971–2007 4.0 3.1 8.2

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 103

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Potassium, in mg/L—Continued

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 118 1972–2008 8.5 4.6 16.0

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 12.0 6.6 21.0

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 8.7 6.3 15.0

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 11.0 6.2 610.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 130 1971–2008 10.7 6.3 18.0

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 9.7 4.7 15.0

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 98 1974–1988 9.0 6.7 14.0

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 53 1977–1993 8.2 1.2 11.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 8.5 5.9 17.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 240 1970–2008 8.8 4.9 15.0

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 9.2 5.5 13.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 270 1970–2008 9.0 1.0 15.0

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 28 1977–1982 12.0 6.6 23.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 10 1977–1982 7.1 5.2 13.0

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 8.5 6.9 14.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 10.5 1.2 23.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 35 1977–1982 10.0 5.3 15.0

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 17 1978–1982 8.0 4.9 22.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 9.6 6.1 30.0

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 100 1987–2003 16.0 1.7 37.0

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 202 1970–2003 14.0 1.0 81.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 8.0 4.4 17.0

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 56 1977–1982 6.4 4.6 18.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 9.0 4.4 18.0

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 81 1972–2008 8.3 4.0 21.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 9.0 5.1 21.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 127 1974–2008 4.1 2.7 6.9

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 20 1979–1983 6.4 2.2 12.0

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 9.7 4.9 17.0

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 76 1975–2005 8.2 3.7 24.0

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 22 1986–1994 8.8 3.5 16.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 116 1972–2008 6.3 3.7 85.0

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 33 1970–1993 6.7 4.9 9.5

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 154 1972–2008 9.8 4.3 19.0

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 12.0 4.6 16.0

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 26 1972–2008 8.3 4.5 12.0

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 39 1991–2008 9.9 3.9 15.0

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 8.1 4.4 14.0

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 11.0 4.1 13.0

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 7.1 2.7 13.8

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
104 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Potassium, in mg/L—Continued

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 232 1971–2008 9.1 2.5 14.1

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 33 1988–2004 12.1 6.7 43.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 128 1972–2008 8.6 4.7 43.0

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 68 1974–1981 4.2 3.7 5.5

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 10.0 <1.0 15.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 84 1974–1983 9.1 4.4 15.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 8.3 3.5 17.0

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 7.8 5.2 14.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 89 1993–2008 11.7 5.5 28.2

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 11.0 6.4 30.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 11.0 5.0 17.0

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 12.0 1.2 20.0

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 10.0 8.5 14.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 120 1972–2008 11.1 4.7 18.5

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 260 1970–2008 10.0 <1.0 23.2

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 39 1972–1993 12.0 5.9 16.0

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 15.1 7.2 18.9

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 6.4 <1.0 8.7

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 14.0 <1.0 33.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 11.0 2.0 19.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 155 1972–2008 14.0 5.6 25.3

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 172 1985–2008 13.4 3.6 26.0

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 11.0 6.5 16.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 143 1978–2008 14.0 2.7 35.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 71 1974–2008 12.3 5.9 22.0

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 9 1971–1993 10.0 9.3 12.6

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 201 1972–2008 12.9 <1.0 107.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 284 1970–2008 13.0 1.9 45.9

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 54 1977–2008 14.7 8.2 23.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 101 1970–2008 14.0 5.9 46.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 97 1974–2008 13.9 5.6 40.0

Calcium, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 118.0 28.4 352.0

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 74 1973–2008 50.0 27.0 123.0

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 58.7 45.7 62.1

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 51.5 38.2 84.1

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 58 1970–1999 43.0 36.0 124.0

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 134 1975–2008 50.0 21.0 140.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 47 1971–2008 99.0 23.0 168.0

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 84.0 55.0 160.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 105

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Calcium, in mg/L—Continued

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 73.1 42.0 118.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 247 1970–2008 110.0 13.0 290.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 170 1970–2008 47.8 21.0 84.9

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 168 1970–1986 48.0 30.0 98.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 62.4 39.4 96.2

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 54 1993–2006 64.9 42.7 80.5

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 199 1972–2008 34.0 13.0 140.0

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 75.0 18.0 81.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 66.5 40.3 109.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 211 1970–2008 53.0 17.0 100.0

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 62.5 24.0 170.0

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 77.0 26.0 170.0

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 59.0 18.0 160.0

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 56.5 27.0 170.0

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 49.5 46.0 53.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 94 1983–2008 56.5 13.0 106.0

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 71.0 46.0 130.0

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 55.5 30.0 149.0

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 66.0 20.0 310.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 136 1970–1997 59.0 22.0 190.0

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 72.0 50.0 150.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 85 1984–2008 58.0 30.0 170.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 66.7 35.0 130.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 337 1970–2008 68.6 19.0 120.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 94 1972–2008 66.0 20.0 160.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 165 1972–2008 61.6 22.0 117.0

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 29 1972–2005 51.0 30.0 79.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 333 1970–2008 65.0 30.0 130.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 313 1972–2008 78.0 28.0 117.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

36 1993–2008 76.4 40.0 110.0

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 49.5 31.0 76.0

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 66.0 39.0 81.6

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 62 1970–2008 77.0 33.0 110.0

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 85.2 26.0 230.0

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 130.0 26.0 200.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 110.0 40.0 140.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 74 1995–2008 118.0 34.0 309.0

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 37 1993–2005 82.5 61.0 126.0

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 110.0 27.0 180.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
106 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Calcium, in mg/L—Continued

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 45.0 27.0 170.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 25.0 22.0 124.0

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 39 1970–1996 78.0 41.0 130.0

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 92.1 28.0 118.0

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 178 1972–2008 61.4 28.0 96.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 116 1970–2003 95.0 21.0 240.0

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 120.0 36.0 360.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 166 1970–2008 130.0 35.0 242.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 227 1970–2008 58.0 29.8 150.0

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 97.1 25.0 130.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 105 1971–2008 145.0 55.0 410.0

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 75 1973–2005 55.0 28.0 86.0

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 59.0 36.0 200.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 76.3 36.0 114.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 154 1971–2008 84.8 33.0 180.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 71.0 24.0 96.0

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 50.0 16.0 62.0

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 40.5 16.0 78.0

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 79.0 13.0 130.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 144 1970–2008 93.0 32.0 224.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 74 1972–2008 61.0 30.0 98.0

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 53.0 37.0 110.0

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 64.0 32.0 150.0

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 51.0 37.0 110.0

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 62 1970–1979 63.5 26.0 160.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 82 1970–2008 72.5 18.0 110.0

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 254 1970–2008 73.5 26.0 150.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 133 1972–2008 81.1 27.4 151.0

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 72 1972–2008 63.4 32.3 98.0

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993–1993 67.4 53.5 78.6

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 152 1970–2008 66.0 31.8 140.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 148 1977–2004 63.0 36.0 110.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 70 1972–2008 67.5 11.0 140.0

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 41.5 16.0 85.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 302 1972–2008 60.4 14.2 164.3

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 202 1972–2008 51.0 25.0 110.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 188 1972–2008 74.5 13.0 180.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 207 1970–2008 57.0 22.0 217.0

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 70.0 18.0 140.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 373 1970–2008 69.0 22.0 151.7

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 107

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Calcium, in mg/L—Continued

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 134 1972–2008 52.5 12.7 100.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 152 1970–2008 60.6 25.6 110.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 90 1972–2008 56.4 21.0 110.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 59.0 17.0 170.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 68 1972–2007 59.1 19.0 93.0

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 41.5 18.0 86.0

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 43.0 20.0 66.0

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 33 1975–2000 53.9 24.7 160.0

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 58.0 23.0 120.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 39 1972–2000 58.0 21.0 130.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 214 1970–2008 52.4 27.0 330.0

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 32.5 15.0 59.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 95 1974–1992 56.0 33.0 73.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 77 1972–2008 55.0 15.0 110.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 45.0 12.0 63.0

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 35.0 17.0 110.0

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 64.0 17.0 90.0

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 49.0 22.0 120.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 228 1970–2008 34.0 5.5 70.0

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 42.0 18.0 63.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 47.0 13.0 120.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 44.0 11.4 100.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 86 1971–2008 38.0 9.8 79.3

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 100.0 28.0 180.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 112 1972–2008 54.1 7.2 489.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 95 1977–2008 83.6 20.0 160.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 243 1971–2008 65.0 6.0 160.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 288 1971–2007 51.9 26.0 65.0

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 118 1972–2008 42.0 7.0 87.0

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 50.0 19.0 110.0

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 52.0 18.0 140.0

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 36.0 10.0 82.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 130 1971–2008 44.1 11.0 91.0

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 51.0 15.0 120.0

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 107 1974–1990 78.0 17.0 110.0

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 53 1977–1993 65.0 11.0 170.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 76.5 10.0 110.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 240 1970–2008 66.5 13.0 120.0

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 53.0 16.0 90.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 269 1970–2008 64.7 15.0 130.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
108 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Calcium, in mg/L—Continued

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 44 1977–1985 70.0 12.0 120.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 21 1977–1985 58.0 7.9 130.0

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 37.0 12.0 84.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 60.5 15.0 110.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 41 1977–1983 45.0 12.0 110.0

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 39 1978–1988 56.0 7.8 110.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 30.5 15.0 82.0

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 100 1987–2003 31.7 13.0 71.4

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 202 1970–2003 60.0 11.0 280.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 78.0 9.3 110.0

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 55 1977–1982 60.0 13.0 83.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 32.5 9.5 110.0

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 81 1972–2008 70.0 29.0 101.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 54.5 9.0 82.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 126 1974–2008 53.0 30.0 61.0

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 18 1979–1983 20.0 1.9 94.0

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 41.5 12.0 120.0

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 76 1975–2005 48.5 9.4 120.0

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 22 1986–1994 58.0 23.0 106.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 116 1972–2008 40.0 7.0 83.0

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 33 1970–1993 81.0 15.0 110.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 154 1972–2008 67.2 21.1 160.0

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 49.0 21.0 120.0

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 26 1972–2008 49.8 22.7 96.0

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 39 1991–2008 35.4 17.0 79.0

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 55.0 18.0 90.0

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 52.0 15.0 77.0

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 32.0 13.0 73.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 232 1971–2008 57.0 18.0 150.0

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 33 1988–2004 41.0 0.5 59.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 129 1972–2008 46.0 11.0 100.0

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 68 1974–1981 54.5 43.0 61.0

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 91.0 17.0 170.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 84 1974–1983 115.0 23.0 240.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 79.0 27.8 200.0

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 84.0 32.0 160.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 89 1993–2008 59.2 26.3 167.0

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 185.0 23.0 750.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 67.5 19.0 190.0

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 120.0 39.0 190.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 109

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Calcium, in mg/L—Continued

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 110.0 33.0 180.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 120 1972–2008 59.4 18.0 149.0

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 260 1970–2008 64.2 0.3 160.0

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 39 1972–1993 57.0 9.5 100.0

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 63.6 11.0 93.0

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 28.2 2.4 36.6

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 130.0 30.0 250.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 54.5 14.0 84.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 155 1972–2008 51.0 13.0 172.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 172 1985–2008 57.8 16.0 185.4

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 43.0 28.0 58.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 143 1978–2008 47.8 18.0 110.7

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 71 1974–2008 61.0 21.0 129.0

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 9 1972–1993 50.2 9.6 68.5

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 201 1972–2008 69.0 24.0 142.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 280 1970–2008 67.0 17.0 190.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 54 1977–2008 77.9 15.0 190.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 135 1970–2008 65.0 21.0 350.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 97 1974–2008 58.8 23.0 380.0

Manganese, total, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 0.19 <0.04 0.85

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 17 1993–1996 0.10 <0.04 0.55

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 0.11 0.07 0.12

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 0.08 <0.04 0.21

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 0.28 0.10 0.92

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 16 1994–1996 0.11 0.05 0.56

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 0.15 <0.04 0.50

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 26 1993–1996 0.15 <0.04 0.34

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 0.20 <0.04 0.90

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 0.21 0.07 0.41

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 80 1994–2007 0.36 0.16 0.96

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 3 1993–1996 0.18 0.09 0.88

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 73 1994–2007 0.29 0.05 0.71

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.47 0.30 0.80

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 0.47 0.09 2.86

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 0.50 0.12 3.19

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2006 0.76 0.16 1.41

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 0.33 0.08 1.12

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1993 0.41 0.22 1.34

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 1 1993 0.08 0.08 0.08

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
110 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Manganese, total, in mg/L—Continued

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1993 0.41 0.35 0.52

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 0.34 0.13 1.04

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 46 1997–2006 0.12 <0.04 0.69

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1993–2006 0.28 0.09 1.13

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 47 1994–2006 0.27 0.07 1.34

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 40 1994–2006 0.37 0.10 2.17

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 15 1994–1996 0.18 <0.04 0.58

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 55 1994–2006 0.30 0.06 5.85

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1 1993 0.33 0.33 0.33

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 0.17 <0.04 0.44

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 52 1997–2006 0.18 <0.04 1.16

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997–1997 0.21 0.08 0.40

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 0.17 0.06 3.74

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 97 1993–2007 0.26 <0.04 1.99

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 75 1994–2007 0.17 <0.04 4.68

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 76 1997–2007 0.22 0.05 0.63

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 <0.04 <0.04 0.16

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 0.20 <0.04 0.61

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 6 1997 0.09 <0.04 0.14

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 7 1997 <0.04 <0.04 0.15

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 <0.04 <0.04 0.79

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 0.08 <0.04 0.11

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 0.32 0.05 1.11

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 88 1993–2007 0.21 <0.04 18.10

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 <0.04 <0.04 0.08

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 0.30 <0.04 18.70

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 0.15 0.07 0.50

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 6 1993 0.07 <0.04 0.09

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 77 1993–2007 0.10 <0.04 0.49

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 94 1993–2007 0.14 0.07 1.16

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.31 0.11 0.37

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1 1994 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 0.26 0.09 0.40

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.22 0.09 0.33

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 0.19 0.05 0.46

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 0.25 0.15 0.32

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 0.06 <0.04 0.58

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.17 0.05 0.24

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 0.11 <0.04 1.03

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 111

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Manganese, total, in mg/L—Continued

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 0.16 <0.04 1.76

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 74 1994–2007 0.11 <0.04 1.63

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.24 0.15 0.45

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 <0.04 <0.04 0.05

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 0.22 <0.04 1.80

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 0.21 <0.04 1.05

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 0.20 <0.04 0.75

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 0.15 0.06 0.19

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 0.67 0.27 2.06

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 0.66 0.19 1.95

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 0.51 0.08 0.62

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 3 1993 0.09 0.09 0.24

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 0.44 0.24 1.49

Manganese, dissolved, in mg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 57 1973–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.11

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 9 1970–1972 <0.04 <0.04 0.06

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 51 1975–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.09

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 46 1971–2008 0.14 <0.04 1.70

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 0.21 <0.04 0.48

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 0.21 <0.04 0.49

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 77 1970–2008 0.11 <0.04 1.66

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 89 1970–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.15

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 46 1970–1986 <0.04 <0.04 0.19

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 1 2005 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 7 2005–2006 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 89 1972–2008 0.07 <0.04 0.38

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 0.13 <0.04 0.20

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 80 1970–2008 0.07 <0.04 0.66

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.92

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 0.08 <0.04 2.10

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 102 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 1.40

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 0.05 <0.04 2.00

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 92 1983–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.63

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 0.13 <0.04 0.94

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 0.12 <0.04 0.73

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 21 1976–1998 0.12 <0.04 2.60

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 88 1970–1997 0.07 <0.04 1.20

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 39 1970–1985 <0.04 <0.04 3.40

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 85 1984–2008 0.09 <0.04 3.30

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
112 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Manganese, dissolved, in mg/L—Continued

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.32

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 150 1970–2008 0.19 <0.04 5.00

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 91 1972–2008 0.16 <0.04 2.20

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 95 1972–2008 0.19 <0.04 2.10

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 25 1972–2005 0.23 <0.04 0.77

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 92 1970–2008 0.16 <0.04 0.88

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 214 1972–2008 0.07 <0.04 0.50

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

36 1993–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.21

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 0.16 <0.04 0.28

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 0.06 <0.04 0.19

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 41 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.26

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 0.09 <0.04 3.66

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 0.38 <0.04 1.57

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 0.06 <0.04 1.10

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 28 1995–2008 0.07 <0.04 0.69

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 6 2000–2005 0.07 <0.04 0.12

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 0.20 <0.04 1.10

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 0.10 <0.04 0.22

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 <0.04 <0.04 0.04

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1970–1996 0.05 <0.04 0.55

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1983–1987 0.15 0.09 0.28

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 125 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.20

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 72 1970–2003 0.16 <0.04 0.72

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 23 1970–1988 0.07 <0.04 1.50

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 86 1970–2008 0.16 <0.04 1.20

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 124 1970–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.25

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 0.13 <0.04 0.48

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 66 1971–2008 0.28 <0.04 1.50

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 40 1973–2005 <0.04 <0.04 0.08

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 0.10 <0.04 0.46

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 0.18 <0.04 0.73

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 106 1971–2008 0.14 <0.04 15.00

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 0.56 <0.04 3.10

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 0.34 <0.04 1.00

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 13 1978–1980 0.05 <0.04 0.18

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 0.09 <0.04 0.61

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 96 1970–2008 0.13 <0.04 0.85

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 59 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.09

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 0.05 <0.04 0.10

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 113

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Manganese, dissolved, in mg/L—Continued

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 0.08 <0.04 0.51

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 <0.04 <0.04 0.58

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 60 1970–1979 0.06 <0.04 2.10

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 81 1970–2008 0.05 <0.04 2.40

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 149 1970–2008 0.07 <0.04 0.86

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 78 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.78

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 69 1972–2008 0.41 <0.04 11.00

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 95 1970–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.56

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 95 1978–2004 <0.04 <0.04 0.09

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 69 1972–2008 0.05 <0.04 0.88

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 10 1978–1981 <0.04 <0.04 0.07

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 73 1972–1991 0.08 <0.04 4.00

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 145 1972–2008 0.12 <0.04 4.08

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 76 1972–2008 0.09 <0.04 0.94

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 65 1970–1998 0.05 <0.04 6.50

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 0.09 <0.04 0.17

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 54 1970–1998 0.14 <0.04 1.00

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 92 1972–2008 0.08 <0.04 1.30

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 79 1970–2008 <0.04 <0.04 2.20

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 57 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 1.60

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 4 1986–1989 <0.04 <0.04 0.06

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 46 1972–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.54

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 <0.04 <0.04 0.06

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 <0.04 <0.04 0.41

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 15 1975–1989 <0.04 <0.04 2.20

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 14 1975–1989 <0.04 <0.04 0.18

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 13 1972–1994 <0.04 <0.04 0.30

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 107 1970–2001 0.05 <0.04 2.90

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 <0.04 <0.04 0.09

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 17 1975–1992 <0.04 <0.04 0.04

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 77 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.30

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 16 1977–1981 <0.04 <0.04 0.14

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 14 1976–1977 0.05 <0.04 0.46

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 28 1977–1982 <0.04 <0.04 0.11

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 18 1973–1977 0.08 <0.04 0.24

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 115 1970–2008 <0.04 <0.04 1.80

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 0.06 <0.04 0.22

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 0.05 <0.04 0.33

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 0.05 <0.04 0.27

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 85 1971–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.38

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
114 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Manganese, dissolved, in mg/L—Continued

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 26 1977–1983 0.08 <0.04 0.26

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.06

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 69 1977–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.14

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 121 1971–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.40

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 103 1971–1998 <0.04 <0.04 0.07

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 92 1972–2008 0.05 <0.04 0.36

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 9 1979–1981 <0.04 <0.04 0.40

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 43 1972–1981 <0.04 <0.04 0.32

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 29 1973–1995 0.08 <0.04 1.60

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.14

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 30 1977–1983 0.05 <0.04 0.19

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 61 1974–1988 0.09 <0.04 0.40

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 20 1977–1981 0.15 <0.04 0.66

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 22 1977–1981 0.05 <0.04 0.18

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 90 1972–2008 0.06 <0.04 0.17

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 0.12 <0.04 0.35

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 127 1970–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.36

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 15 1977–1982 <0.04 <0.04 0.13

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 10 1977–1982 0.05 <0.04 0.12

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 10 1978–1983 0.05 <0.04 0.12

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 13 1977–1981 <0.04 <0.04 0.09

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 21 1978–1982 <0.04 <0.04 0.62

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 12 1978–1982 0.04 <0.04 0.14

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 23 1979–1983 0.05 <0.04 0.14

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 63 1970–1977 0.05 <0.04 1.20

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 14 1977–1981 <0.04 <0.04 0.10

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 28 1977–1982 0.11 <0.04 0.28

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 24 1977–1982 <0.04 <0.04 0.24

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 79 1972–2008 0.08 <0.04 1.00

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.25

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 41 1974–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.04

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 15 1979–1983 <0.04 <0.04 0.23

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 8 1979–1981 0.05 <0.04 0.25

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 48 1977–2005 0.06 <0.04 0.85

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 17 1986–1994 0.09 <0.04 0.31

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 90 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.41

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 29 1970–1975 <0.04 <0.04 0.16

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 83 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 1.10

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.16

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 26 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.12

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 115

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Manganese, dissolved, in mg/L—Continued

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 36 1991–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.22

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 <0.04 <0.04 0.18

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.05

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.89

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 114 1971–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.65

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 29 1990–2004 0.12 <0.04 0.28

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 125 1972–2008 0.10 <0.04 1.90

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 8 1975–1979 <0.04 <0.04 0.04

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 19 1979–2005 0.20 <0.04 0.53

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 44 1974–1983 0.12 <0.04 1.90

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 93 1970–2008 0.06 <0.04 1.10

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 0.05 <0.04 0.26

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 21 2001–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.07

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 0.22 <0.04 0.80

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 73 1972–2008 0.06 <0.04 0.44

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 0.06 <0.04 0.25

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 0.06 <0.04 0.24

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 60 1972–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.16

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 139 1970–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.41

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 34 1972–1989 0.15 <0.04 1.70

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 11.0 <0.04 0.47

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 0.06 <0.04 0.63

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 50 1974–1987 0.12 <0.04 2.10

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 <0.04 <0.04 0.30

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 109 1972–2008 0.06 <0.04 1.90

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 172 1985–2008 0.05 <0.04 4.80

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 <0.04 <0.04 0.44

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 130 1978–2008 0.11 <0.04 5.50

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 61 1974–2008 0.10 <0.04 0.98

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 4 1972–1974 0.17 0.05 0.24

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 140 1972–2008 0.58 <0.04 2.40

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 149 1970–2008 0.27 <0.04 4.80

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 53 1977–2008 0.23 <0.04 0.88

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 105 1970–2008 0.14 <0.04 2.60

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 31 1975–2008 0.22 <0.04 1.55

Chloride, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 16.5 <4.0 65.0

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 74 1973–2008 12.0 <4.0 37.6

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 14.05 9.3 16.7
116 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 15.3 <4.0 47.7

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 58 1970–1999 7.1 <4.0 23.5

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 134 1975–2008 11.0 <4.0 44.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 47 1971–2008 32.0 <4.0 156.0

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 30.0 17.0 408.0

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 24.3 13.2 40.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 218 1970–2008 38.9 <4.0 180.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 139 1970–2008 13.0 <4.0 45.5

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 167 1970–1986 11.0 4.4 96.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 21.3 5.6 63.6

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 59 1993–2007 18.7 4.8 35.4

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 199 1972–2008 17.0 <4.0 54.0

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 8.5 <4.0 36.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 17.0 8.4 51.3

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 181 1970–2008 14.0 <4.0 28.0

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 17.2 <4.0 123.0

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 19.0 <4.0 60.0

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 20.4 <4.0 100.0

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 20.1 4.3 150.0

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 20.0 19.0 21.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 94 1983–2008 14.0 <4.0 49.8

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 24.5 9.3 98.8

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 24.5 11.0 46.9

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 23.0 <4.0 150.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 136 1970–1997 18.5 6.2 92.0

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 195.0 21.0 900.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 87 1984–2008 19.0 7.4 96.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 278.5 96.4 480.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 321 1970–2008 16.0 <4.0 39.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 15.0 <4.0 51.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 181 1972–2008 15.3 4.7 31.0

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 29 1972–2005 18.0 5.1 52.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 300 1970–2008 27.0 7.2 110.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 313 1972–2008 26.0 5.7 74.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

43 1993–2008 24.0 <4.0 40.0

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 19.5 7.4 28.0

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 15.7 <4.0 26.0

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 62 1970–2008 26.6 7.8 57.3

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 26.0 5.3 90.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 117

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 53.0 <4.0 140.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 45.6 15.0 99.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 74 1995–2008 55.4 7.4 180.0

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 36 1993–2005 31.4 11.0 94.5

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 17.0 <4.0 64.0

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 10.4 <4.0 39.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 4.8 <4.0 29.7

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 39 1970–1996 39.0 9.3 120.0

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 36.7 11.0 76.7

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 183 1972–2008 17.0 4.7 52.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 116 1970–2003 19.0 <4.0 68.0

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 25.0 4.6 134.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 166 1970–2008 36.5 6.9 310.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 198 1970–2008 12.0 <4.0 32.4

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 23.0 6.8 160.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 106 1971–2008 446.5 71.0 3,600.0

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 75 1973–2005 15.0 5.1 130.0

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 15.0 4.9 100.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 13.0 4.8 35.2

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 155 1971–2008 25.0 4.4 1,270.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 14.0 <4.0 20.0

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 11.0 5.7 31.0

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 8.0 4.6 14.0

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 16.0 5.1 27.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 145 1970–2008 74.3 6.2 410.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 74 1972–2008 33.5 5.8 160.0

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 5.9 <4.0 27.0

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 11.0 <4.0 24.0

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 9.2 <4.0 31.0

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 63 1970–1979 11.0 <4.0 24.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 83 1970–2008 15.0 <4.0 27.0

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 225 1970–2008 13.0 <4.0 57.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 133 1972–2008 15.0 <4.0 31.0

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 72 1972–2008 10.0 <4.0 40.0

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 27.8 15.6 66.2

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 160 1970–2008 26.0 5.0 142.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 149 1977–2004 34.0 9.8 240.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 70 1972–2008 18.0 <4.0 48.5

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 14.5 4.4 37.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 304 1972–2008 47.5 <4.0 220.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
118 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 202 1972–2008 22.0 5.3 160.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 188 1972–2008 26.1 <4.0 53.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 207 1970–2008 29.8 <4.0 161.0

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 7.6 <4.0 19.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 371 1970–2008 32.5 <4.0 247.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 134 1972–2008 11.2 4.9 38.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 152 1970–2008 26.7 5.8 110.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 90 1972–2008 22.2 <4.0 220.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 12.4 <4.0 56.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 68 1972–2007 45.5 <4.0 180.0

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 20.0 5.4 73.0

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 31.0 10.0 66.0

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 33 1975–2000 26.4 8.4 58.0

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 39.0 8.5 130.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 39 1972–2000 14.0 <4.0 59.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 214 1970–2008 28.0 6.0 140.0

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 5.4 <4.0 7.5

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 99 1970–1992 10.0 5.3 22.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 77 1972–2008 8.0 <4.0 89.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 7.9 <4.0 50.0

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 5.1 <4.0 8.9

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 12.0 <4.0 23.0

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 34.0 14.0 150.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 229 1970–2008 4.4 <4.0 180.0

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 8.5 <4.0 17.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 19.0 <4.0 52.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 10.9 <4.0 33.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 86 1971–2008 9.0 <4.0 30.0

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 9.8 <4.0 28.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 112 1972–2008 9.6 <4.0 36.7

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 94 1977–2008 9.2 <4.0 22.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 243 1971–2008 9.4 <4.0 219.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 264 1971–2007 9.5 <4.0 19.0

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 118 1972–2008 6.6 <4.0 32.0

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 7.0 <4.0 14.0

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 5.3 <4.0 49.0

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 36 1973–1994 4.5 <4.0 31.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 130 1971–2008 6.4 <4.0 26.0

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 6.9 <4.0 17.0

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 105 1974–1990 6.7 <4.0 14.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 119

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 53 1977–1993 6.8 <4.0 42.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 6.5 <4.0 26.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 239 1970–2008 7.3 <4.0 31.4

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 <4.0 <4.0 30.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 270 1970–2008 7.2 <4.0 48.0

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 28 1977–1982 11.0 <4.0 24.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 10 1977–1982 <4.0 <4.0 5.6

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 <4.0 <4.0 18.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 8.1 <4.0 18.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 35 1977–1982 5.1 <4.0 19.0

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 17 1978–1987 <4.0 <4.0 14.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 6.5 <4.0 150.0

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 102 1987–2003 12.2 <4.0 80.0

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 201 1970–2003 17.0 <4.0 82.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 5.9 <4.0 9.7

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 56 1977–1982 7.0 <4.0 12.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 4.3 <4.0 10.0

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 81 1972–2008 10.0 <4.0 27.3

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 7.3 <4.0 15.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 128 1974–2008 9.6 <4.0 15.0

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 31 1979–1996 4.8 <4.0 47.0

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 24 1978–1996 5.2 <4.0 15.2

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 76 1975–2005 18.0 <4.0 100.0

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 22 1986–1994 48.0 7.0 110.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 116 1972–2008 5.9 <4.0 20.0

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 33 1970–1993 6.3 <4.0 25.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 154 1972–2008 17.0 <4.0 66.2

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 13.5 <4.0 48.0

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 26 1972–2008 5.9 <4.0 14.0

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 39 1991–2008 7.0 <4.0 16.4

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 5.9 <4.0 15.0

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 10.0 <4.0 19.6

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 5.1 <4.0 13.1

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 232 1971–2008 12.0 <4.0 303.0

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 33 1988–2004 6.2 <4.0 18.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 129 1972–2008 30.0 <4.0 77.0

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 68 1974–1981 9.4 7.4 18.0

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 8.1 <4.0 42.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 84 1974–1983 10.0 <4.0 89.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 9.7 <4.0 55.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
120 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 11.0 <4.0 17.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 89 1993–2008 9.9 <4.0 41.8

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 18.5 4.4 180.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 11.0 <4.0 22.0

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 14.0 <4.0 510.0

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 11.5 <4.0 18.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 120 1972–2008 9.3 <4.0 34.8

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 260 1970–2008 11.0 <4.0 62.0

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 39 1972–1993 7.8 <4.0 19.0

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 11.0 <4.0 55.0

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 13.7 <4.0 62.0

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 14.0 <4.0 89.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 9.8 <4.0 20.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 155 1972–2008 18.0 <4.0 250.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 172 1985–2008 18.0 <4.0 59.3

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 11.0 4.9 17.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 142 1978–2008 14.5 <4.0 54.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 71 1974–2008 12.0 <4.0 27.9

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 9 1972–1993 7.3 <4.0 28.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 201 1972–2008 21.6 6.0 84.5

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 284 1970–2008 28.3 <4.0 180.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 54 1977–2008 50.2 6.8 110.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 136 1970–2008 38.7 7.3 430.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 97 1974–2008 30.0 5.5 250.0

Sulfate, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 462 41 1,660

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 74 1973–2008 86 15 520

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 176 49 433

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 87 21 273

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 64 1970–1999 38 12 422

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 134 1975–2008 67 5 340

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 47 1971–2008 490 52 1,870

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 320 230 1,310

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 235 140 419

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 224 1970–2008 394 11 1,200

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 144 1970–2008 86 23 311

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 174 1970–1986 69 19 330

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 146 38 288

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 59 1993–2007 152 40 298

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 121

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 199 1972–2008 210 37 610

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 20 10 220

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 217 139 353

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 186 1970–2008 110 35 307

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 179 33 820

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 230 35 680

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 170 17 793

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 190 25 1,100

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 155 150 160

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 94 1983–2008 115 17 472

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 227 110 556

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 270 91 896

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 160 44 1,100

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 136 1970–1997 150 54 600

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 910 150 3,800

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 87 1984–2008 172 51 1,200

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 1,385 527 2,500

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 316 1970–2008 160 37 360

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 94 1972–2008 170 29 309

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 172 1972–2008 208 48 382

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 29 1972–2005 140 74 300

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 304 1970–2008 200 64 437

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 313 1972–2008 170 50 389

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

43 1993–2008 227 98 300

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 115 58 150

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 180 100 284

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 62 1970–2008 170 69 403

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 322 66 1,100

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 450 42 650

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 370 100 589

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 74 1995–2008 419 73 1,130

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 36 1993–2005 222 94 417

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 280 37 670

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 75 41 550

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 27 10 376

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 44 1970–1996 180 100 260

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 208 45 326

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 183 1972–2008 110 37 270

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 114 1970–2003 320 6 980

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
122 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 405 84 810

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 166 1970–2008 445 68 800

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 202 1970–2008 87 18 310

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 205 48 490

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 106 1971–2008 425 100 1,600

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 75 1973–2005 74 20 180

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 185 78 1,400

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 174 84 569

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 155 1971–2008 216 36 543

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 180 47 260

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 63 <4 120

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 87 31 150

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 180 27 280

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 145 1970–2008 260 53 849

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 74 1972–2008 103 37 220

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 120 38 480

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 200 51 430

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 100 74 290

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 63 1970–1979 180 56 410

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 83 1970–2008 180 36 287

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 230 1970–2008 180 49 310

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 133 1972–2008 195 60 293

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 72 1972–2008 88 6 141

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 120 63 158

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 164 1970–2008 110 <4 448

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 149 1977–2004 94 6 230

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 70 1972–2008 376 39 1,110

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 495 160 1,300

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 304 1972–2008 230 45 1,000

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 202 1972–2008 180 69 560

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 188 1972–2008 456 33 1,100

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 207 1970–2008 267 70 1,850

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 390 51 1,200

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 371 1970–2008 284 69 1,040

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 134 1972–2008 94 5 570

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 152 1970–2008 215 69 550

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 90 1972–2008 235 30 750

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 227 30 1,700

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 68 1972–2007 141 32 421

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 160 52 430

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 123

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 250 97 470

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 33 1975–2000 236 50 1,300

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 200 43 480

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 39 1972–2000 286 32 1,200

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 214 1970–2008 200 59 860

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 710 77 980

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 100 1970–1982 200 88 290

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 77 1972–2008 570 39 909

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 530 46 800

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 640 100 1,200

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 610 8 730

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 421 75 580

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 229 1970–2008 690 45 1,200

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 680 84 910

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 1,000 36 1,545

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 570 19 1,250

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 86 1971–2008 484 73 1,200

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 1,700 280 2,900

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 112 1972–2008 615 119 2,000

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 94 1977–2008 994 68 1,400

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 243 1971–2008 610 <4 1,530

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 264 1971–2007 170 120 250

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 118 1972–2008 440 20 2,400

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 760 240 2,500

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 570 50 1,200

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 340 9 940

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 130 1971–2008 564 38 1,420

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 510 50 1,000

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 107 1974–1990 490 35 790

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 53 1977–1993 580 57 1,500

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 605 53 770

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 238 1970–2008 492 46 803

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 410 110 760

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 270 1970–2008 459 57 890

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 44 1977–1985 465 <4 1,100

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 21 1977–1985 170 6 520

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 190 27 900

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 600 56 1,000

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 41 1977–1983 440 46 920

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 38 1978–1988 315 6 780

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
124 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 485 27 1,000

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 102 1987–2003 324 60 2,000

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 201 1970–2003 550 22 2,200

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 330 25 520

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 56 1977–1982 240 16 410

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 240 10 500

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 81 1972–2008 340 86 700

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 262 10 580

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 129 1970–2008 170 100 260

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 20 1979–1983 225 8 910

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 560 95 1,700

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 76 1975–2005 720 59 2,100

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 22 1986–1994 565 221 931

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 116 1972–2008 230 8 1,100

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 33 1970–1993 490 60 862

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 154 1972–2008 550 105 1,070

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 415 98 1,100

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 26 1972–2008 200 90 810

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 39 1991–2008 473 120 960

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 340 75 530

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 388 41 610

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 320 39 670

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 232 1971–2008 440 55 866

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 33 1988–2004 141 33 320

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 129 1972–2008 230 11 630

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 68 1974–1981 180 140 260

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 935 120 2,200

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 84 1974–1983 790 120 2,600

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 640 130 1,400

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 820 200 1,650

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 89 1993–2008 640 106 2,210

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 1,500 170 3,400

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 707 66 1,900

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 1,100 270 2,100

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 1,115 120 1,800

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 120 1972–2008 570 90 1,800

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 260 1970–2008 568 7 1,500

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 39 1972–1993 140 20 300

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 224 30 360

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 125

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 211 11 370

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 2,400 410 5,800

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 150 16 340

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 155 1972–2008 190 25 968

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 172 1985–2008 185 31 604

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 100 27 130

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 142 1978–2008 153 38 530

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 71 1974–2008 220 32 632

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 9 1972–1993 110 18 200

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 201 1972–2008 190 42 377

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 284 1970–2008 170 22 510

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 54 1977–2008 339 30 900

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 142 1970–2008 170 37 1,000

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 97 1974–2008 176 36 1,000

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 894 151 3,050

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 61 1973–2003 324 177 959

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 442 321 1,090

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 352 199 577

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 44 1970–1974 299 232 448

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 98 1975–2003 331 168 1,180

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 36 1971–2003 969 170 2,200

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 795 567 3,340

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 2 2001–2003 434 368 500

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 243 1970–2007 925 83 2,840

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 141 1970–2003 324 140 644

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 174 1970–1986 355 183 769

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 446 222 719

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 26 1993–1996 428 313 624

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 186 1972–2003 922 152 1,590

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 380 125 644

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 727 399 1,040

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 209 1970–2007 506 166 952

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 28 1987–2003 424 168 1,490

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 84 1972–2003 545 214 1,350

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 82 1972–2003 486 135 1,620

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 28 1987–2003 413 187 2,150

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 492 491 493

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 73 1983–2003 373 93 834

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
126 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 13 1998–2003 545 351 1,110

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 9 1998–2003 578 269 821

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 572 168 2,240

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 136 1970–1997 498 196 1,910

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 2,060 457 7,610

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 75 1984–2003 516 271 2,300

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 3 2002–2003 3,970 1,330 4,980

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 331 1970–2007 622 169 1,070

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 83 1972–2003 555 131 991

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 144 1972–2007 579 196 1,090

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 27 1972–2003 473 278 886

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 333 1970–2007 605 220 1,060

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 301 1972–2007 562 200 991

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

18 1993–2003 633 277 832

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 45 1976–1992 539 231 772

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 8 1994–2001 499 273 743

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 56 1970–2006 565 260 903

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 30 1972–2003 654 209 2,210

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 52 1972–2003 1,070 182 1,570

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 14 1972–2003 859 326 1,260

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 62 1995–2007 940 223 2,800

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 14 1993–2003 569 382 956

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 40 1972–2003 766 137 1,430

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 294 159 1,270

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 172 119 865

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 45 1970–1996 632 327 965

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 684 212 855

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 158 1972–2003 429 176 695

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 113 1970–2003 787 138 2,110

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 939 221 1,790

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 146 1970–2007 983 228 2,190

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 206 1970–2006 344 158 731

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 88 1991–2003 614 165 1,150

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 74 1971–2006 1,460 465 4,560

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 71 1973–2002 334 183 679

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 430 312 2,460

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 53 1972–2003 465 294 988

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 121 1971–2006 570 173 2,890

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 486 203 647

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 127

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 381 160 493

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 12 1979–1980 296 139 424

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 16 1972–1984 459 166 734

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 111 1970–2006 781 219 2,260

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 61 1972–2003 411 179 932

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 326 199 843

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 476 241 1,090

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 345 237 788

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 63 1970–1979 485 183 1,000

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 71 1970–2003 511 132 700

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 257 1970–2003 554 175 1,200

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 100 1972–2006 551 215 797

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 60 1972–2003 361 195 515

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 436 286 480

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 123 1970–2006 414 203 1,060

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 145 1977–2000 438 245 1,100

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 58 1972–2003 875 117 2,020

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 1,095 378 2,860

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 371 1972–2008 746 170 2,540

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 132 1972–2003 626 138 1,620

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 176 1972–2007 1,090 106 2,520

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 207 1970–2008 745 196 4,110

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 16 1987–2003 703 196 2,180

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 370 1970–2008 808 199 2,400

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 123 1972–2003 454 223 1,370

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 121 1970–2002 684 224 1,320

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 61 1972–2003 658 10 1,760

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 14 1986–1993 434 175 2,550

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 40 1972–2003 503 133 925

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 448 179 1,240

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 780 298 1,230

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 17 1975–1989 636 245 2,260

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 691 184 1,510

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 23 1972–1994 588 204 1,420

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 279 1970–2008 680 230 2,830

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 1,690 232 2,550

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 89 1970–1982 476 269 645

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 66 1972–2003 1,410 141 1,830

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 1,430 144 1,970

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 1,800 347 2,860

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
128 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 50 1977–1982 1,420 147 1,690

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 1,350 261 1,890

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 212 1970–2003 1,815 171 3,110

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 1,760 256 2,130

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 45 1991–2003 2,230 160 3,036

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 40 1991–2003 1,326 130 2,080

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 74 1971–2003 1,040 184 2,230

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 3,100 548 4,450

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 100 1972–2007 1,205 259 4,110

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 83 1977–2003 1,800 222 2,760

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 230 1971–2007 1,235 264 3,150

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 277 1971–2007 424 350 641

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 107 1972–2003 1,160 81 2,400

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 1,610 460 4,360

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 1,400 192 2,560

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 762 215 2,450

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 119 1971–2007 1,310 148 3,410

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 1,220 159 2,420

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 107 1974–1990 1,270 174 2,540

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 53 1977–1993 1,300 164 2,430

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 46 1977–1981 1,325 157 1,620

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 221 1970–2007 1,120 145 1,790

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 833 234 1,560

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 256 1970–2007 1,110 200 1,890

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 44 1977–1985 1,125 112 2,350

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 12 1977–1985 598 112 1,020

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 614 113 1,930

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 1,445 166 2,510

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 40 1977–1983 1,075 162 2,370

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 39 1978–1988 925 98 1,760

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 1,655 164 3,120

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 55 1987–2003 1,310 436 3,800

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 153 1970–2003 1,140 110 3,750

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 772 81 1,120

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 55 1977–1982 775 112 1,030

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 762 112 1,490

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 70 1972–2003 839 342 1,290

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 39 1972–2002 709 55 1,250

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 174 1970–2003 436 274 4,050

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 19 1979–1983 462 220 1,720

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 129

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 1,175 235 3,460

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 72 1975–2002 1,655 203 3,550

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 22 1986–1994 1,245 514 2,140

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 105 1972–2003 685 103 2,140

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 33 1970–1993 1,080 177 1,950

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 144 1972–2007 1,130 242 2,290

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 29 1989–2003 1,010 257 1,850

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 17 1972–2003 615 303 1,550

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 28 1991–2003 1,130 276 2,010

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 750 193 1,090

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 30 1988–2003 886 176 1,280

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 23 1972–2003 809 184 1,380

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 219 1971–2007 961 182 1,980

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 29 1988–2002 595 150 1,040

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 117 1972–2003 970 93 1,730

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 141 1974–1981 441 347 525

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 35 1978–1981 1,790 281 4,070

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 83 1974–1983 1,550 309 4,290

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 108 1970–2003 1,320 290 2,450

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 1,530 366 2,800

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 80 1993–2007 1,235 367 4,340

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 2,575 368 5,200

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 65 1971–2003 1,520 232 3,230

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 1,990 531 3,480

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 1,900 302 2,970

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 111 1972–2007 1,150 241 3,030

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 246 1970–2007 1,175 20 2,960

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 39 1972–1993 538 72 834

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 26 1990–2002 639 129 1,000

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 40 1992–1999 777 82 1,390

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 4,270 772 9,280

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 48 1972–1998 593 134 933

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 145 1972–2007 646 134 6,540

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 171 1985–2008 656 164 1,818

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 362 218 529

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 143 1978–2008 552 191 1,147

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 60 1974–2003 580 174 1,110

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 9 1972–1993 376 81 619

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 188 1972–2007 591 197 1,060

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 272 1970–2007 609 141 1,790
130 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 43 1977–2003 857 141 1,680

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 125 1970–2008 672 155 3,330

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 85 1974–2003 541 177 2,960

Fluoride, in mg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 55 1973–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 14 1970–1974 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 111 1975–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 47 1971–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 <1.0 <1.0 6.7

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 161 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.5

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 145 1970–1986 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 13 2005–2007 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 197 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 108 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 92 1983–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 135 1970–1997 <1.0 <1.0 1.2

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 84 1984–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 11 2002–2007 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 230 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 91 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 95 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 25 1972–2005 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 231 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 239 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

41 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 131

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Fluoride, in mg/L—Continued

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 49 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 63 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 28 1995–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 6 2000–2005 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 51 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 15 1970–1996 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1983–1987 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 179 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 114 1970–2003 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 91 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.5

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 151 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 59 1971–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.5

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 72 1973–2005 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 64 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 108 1971–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 104 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 2.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 57 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 22 1972–1995 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 63 1970–1979 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 82 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 225 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 78 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 71 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 108 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 144 1978–2000 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 60 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
132 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Fluoride, in mg/L—Continued

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 297 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.8

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 192 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.2

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 92 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 137 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 287 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.2

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 123 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 124 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 65 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 14 1986–1993 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 42 1972–2007 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 17 1975–1989 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 23 1972–1994 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 193 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 88 1974–1992 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 68 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 228 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 2.5

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 56 1991–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 78 1971–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.2

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 24 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 86 1977–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 162 1971–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 256 1971–2007 <1.0 <1.0 4.8

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 118 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.4

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 <1.0 <1.0 1.3

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 36 1973–1994 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 70 1971–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 133

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Fluoride, in mg/L—Continued

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 99 1974–1990 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 159 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1995 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 188 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 27 1977–1982 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 10 1977–1982 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 35 1977–1982 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 16 1978–1982 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 100 1987–2003 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 199 1970–2003 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 56 1977–1982 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 79 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 2.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 97 1974–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 19 1979–1983 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 76 1975–2005 <1.0 <1.0 2.6

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 17 1986–1994 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 116 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.1

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 29 1970–1975 <1.0 <1.0 1.1

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 80 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 26 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 36 1991–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.5

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 <1.0 <1.0 1.3

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 152 1971–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.1

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 33 1988–2004 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 125 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.5

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 63 1975–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 84 1974–1983 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
134 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Fluoride, in mg/L—Continued

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 119 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.1

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 15 2001–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.1

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 <1.0 <1.0 1.1

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 55 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 188 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 1.4

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 35 1972–1989 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 <1.0 <1.0 1.5

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 <1.0 <1.0 1.8

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 24 1972–1995 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 73 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 2.8

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 138 1991–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 134 1978–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 54 1974–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 4 1972–1974 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 80 1972–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 213 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 2.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 45 1977–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 110 1970–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 88 1974–2008 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Silica, in mg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 35 1973–2008 14.0 2 21.0

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 92 1975–2008 13.0 <1.0 23.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 30 1971–2008 11.0 <1.0 42.0

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 14.0 <1.0 25.0

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 7 2003–2008 14.8 9.1 17.8

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 141 1970–2008 21.4 2.3 51.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 104 1970–2008 14.0 1.5 25.8

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 132 1973–1986 13.0 <1.0 46.0

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 13 2005–2007 20.1 13.6 66.7

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 181 1972–2008 24.0 2.2 52.0

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 23.5 2.5 32.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 87 1970–2008 16.3 2.8 40.0

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 19 1987–2008 18.0 2.4 56.0

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 59 1972–2008 14.0 <1.0 54.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 135

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Silica, in mg/L—Continued

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 57 1972–2008 15.0 <1.0 34.8

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 17 1987–2008 17.0 2.0 35.5

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 15.0 12.0 18.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 49 1983–2008 19.0 <1.0 35.0

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 6 2003–2008 17.7 8.3 20.6

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 5 2004–2008 20.8 5.3 31.6

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 24 1976–1994 17.5 1.4 37.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 113 1970–1994 15.0 <1.0 58.0

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 44 1970–1986 14.0 2.3 38.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 53 1984–2008 13.0 <1.0 33.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 5 2003–2005 12.8 2.1 19.5

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 213 1970–2008 21.9 <1.0 44.4

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 72 1972–2008 13.8 <1.0 34.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 78 1972–2008 15.0 <1.0 31.5

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 15 1972–2005 13.0 3.8 29.9

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 213 1970–2008 13.0 <1.0 28.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 222 1972–2008 17.0 3.9 48.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

23 1993–2008 22.4 9.4 73.9

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 13.0 8.6 21.0

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 4 1994–2005 17.7 13.3 26.5

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 39 1970–2008 16.0 3.2 24.0

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 19.0 4.5 36.0

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 43 1972–2008 21.0 9.2 29.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 15 1972–2008 19.0 9.3 29.2

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 8 2003–2008 22.0 11.7 28.7

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 2 2004–2005 18.0 13.1 22.8

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 31 1972–2008 16.2 3.1 32.0

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 15.0 9.4 18.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 16.5 9.5 22.0

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1983–1987 12.0 7.8 16.0

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 162 1972–2008 15.0 3.8 74.1

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 105 1970–2003 15.0 3.5 110.0

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 30 1970–1988 15.5 9.3 28.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 70 1970–2008 17.0 1.7 31.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 134 1970–2008 12.6 1.9 24.5

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 89 1991–2008 20.0 4.5 41.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 66 1971–2008 15.0 <1.0 33.1

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 66 1973–2005 11.0 <1.0 20.0

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 13.0 4.6 27.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
136 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Silica, in mg/L—Continued

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 44 1972–2008 17.0 4.9 29.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 90 1971–2008 17.0 2.0 33.7

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 27 1972–1994 14.0 1.7 24.0

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 15 1972–1984 18.0 3.6 34.0

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 16.0 <1.0 26.0

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 19.0 4.6 28.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 88 1970–2008 17.0 3.8 32.2

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 37 1972–2008 12.0 2.4 20.9

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 8 1974–1984 9.5 3.0 16.0

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 21 1972–1994 15.0 3.5 28.0

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 18.0 4.9 42.0

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 63 1970–1979 18.0 9.4 58.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 73 1970–2008 20.0 8.6 30.0

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 215 1970–2008 21.0 <1.0 34.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 62 1972–2008 21.0 <1.0 34.1

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 50 1972–2008 14.0 <1.0 25.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 94 1994–2008 15.0 2.0 62.9

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 143 1978–2000 13.0 2.5 38.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 41 1972–2008 6.0 <1.0 22.0

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 20 1978–1981 11.0 1.2 19.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 173 1972–1991 8.4 <1.0 580.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 147 1972–2008 5.9 <1.0 20.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 71 1972–2008 10.0 <1.0 25.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 64 1970–1994 5.5 <1.0 25.0

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 9 1987–2005 12.0 4.8 21.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 186 1970–1991 9.9 <1.0 32.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 103 1972–2008 15.0 3.4 35.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 67 1970–2008 9.4 <1.0 23.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 38 1972–2008 11.1 1.4 56.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 22.0 8.9 36.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 24 1972–2005 7.2 1.1 27.3

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 7.5 1.9 12.0

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 12.0 6.5 24.0

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 17 1975–1989 9.8 <1.0 40.0

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 11.0 <1.0 34.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 17 1972–1994 11.0 1.1 28.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 186 1970–1994 8.9 <1.0 58.0

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 22 1972–1977 7.4 1.5 12.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 95 1974–1992 8.6 4.8 11.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 48 1972–2008 11.0 3.2 28.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 137

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Silica, in mg/L—Continued

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 32 1977–1981 10.5 4.3 18.0

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 15 1976–1977 16.0 7.1 23.0

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 13.0 4.6 20.0

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 27 1970–1977 7.8 2.7 26.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 211 1970–2008 9.0 <1.0 22.0

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 11.0 3.4 23.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 51 1991–2008 10.7 <1.0 31.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 49 1991–2008 8.8 <1.0 27.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 57 1971–2008 7.0 1.2 35.0

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 7.1 1.3 16.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 15 1972–2008 6.8 2.4 10.3

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 68 1977–2008 6.4 <1.0 13.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 143 1971–2008 9.1 2.7 45.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 254 1971–2007 6.7 <1.0 18.0

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 97 1972–2008 7.0 <1.0 40.0

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 17 1975–1981 3.2 <1.0 9.8

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 69 1972–1981 8.1 1.7 16.0

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 6.6 <1.0 56.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 50 1971–2008 8.1 <1.0 16.0

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 51 1977–1983 8.1 1.2 300.0

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 98 1974–1988 10.0 5.0 18.0

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 9.1 <1.0 23.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 48 1977–1981 7.9 <1.0 19.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 143 1970–2008 9.0 1.9 55.0

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 14 1972–1994 6.3 <1.0 18.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 163 1970–2008 10.0 4.8 21.0

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 27 1977–1982 7.7 <1.0 19.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 10 1977–1982 7.8 3.3 11.0

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 10.3 5.5 16.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 28 1975–1981 9.1 <1.0 20.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 35 1977–1982 7.7 1.9 14.0

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 16 1978–1982 13.5 3.3 20.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 38 1978–1983 8.1 <1.0 30.0

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 102 1987–2003 9.3 <1.0 34.0

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 201 1970–2003 9.3 <1.0 34.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 23 1977–1981 8.3 <1.0 19.0

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 55 1977–1982 11.0 4.8 25.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1982 3.5 <1.0 13.0

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 57 1972–2008 16.1 1.2 21.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 29 1972–2008 4.7 1.8 22.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
138 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Silica, in mg/L—Continued

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 91 1974–2008 7.3 2.7 21.0

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 19 1979–1983 9.1 1.6 130.0

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 16 1978–1981 5.0 <1.0 12.0

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 69 1975–2005 8.7 1.5 49.8

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 17 1986–1994 9.2 4.2 16.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 96 1972–2008 6.2 1.6 16.0

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 29 1970–1975 7.9 4.8 17.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 59 1972–2008 5.2 1.3 13.0

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 19 1989–2008 5.6 2.0 9.7

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 14 1972–2008 2.9 2.0 8.8

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 15 1991–2008 7.6 2.0 13.0

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 43 1971–1994 4.8 <1.0 25.0

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 20 1988–2008 4.8 2.7 23.0

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 27 1972–2008 3.5 <1.0 9.5

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 131 1971–2008 5.9 <1.0 15.0

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 17 1988–2004 14.0 6.2 25.6

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 105 1972–2008 12.0 <1.0 28.0

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 68 1974–1981 7.5 4.8 8.9

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 6.8 2.7 11.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 84 1974–1983 4.6 <1.0 15.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 98 1970–2008 5.7 <1.0 14.0

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 3.7 <1.0 8.8

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 7 2004–2008 4.2 2.0 9.9

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 24 1972–1994 5.2 <1.0 23.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 55 1971–2008 3.2 <1.0 8.8

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 3.6 <1.0 14.0

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 4.0 1.3 6.7

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 35 1972–2008 4.9 <1.0 20.0

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 167 1970–2008 6.7 <1.0 22.0

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 35 1972–1989 11.0 2.8 25.0

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 18 1990–2008 15.8 10.0 24.3

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 14.1 4.8 20.0

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 83 1974–1987 5.7 <1.0 17.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 30 1972–1995 12.0 2.5 28.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 47 1972–2008 8.7 <1.0 33.6

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 138 1985–2008 13.6 2.2 47.0

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 4 1986–1987 11.0 4.6 14.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 136 1978–2008 12.7 <1.0 42.8

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 33 1974–2008 14.0 1.9 35.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 139

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Silica, in mg/L—Continued

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 4 1972–1974 12.0 5.2 15.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 59 1972–2008 12.0 2.8 30.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 141 1970–2008 14.0 2.0 44.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 24 1977–2008 10.8 3.2 39.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 45 1972–2008 12.0 1.2 990.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 82 1974–2008 11.8 <1.0 58.0

Carbonate as CO3, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 4 <1 25

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 16 1993–1996 <1 <1 22

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 <1 <1 11

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 <1 <1 16

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 <1 <1 17

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 16 1994–1996 <1 <1 16

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 <1 <1 10

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 25 1993–1996 <1 <1 15

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 <1 <1 67

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 10 <1 36

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 80 1994–2007 2 <1 24

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 3 1993–1996 <1 <1 <1

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 73 1994–2007 9 <1 43

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1 <1 <1

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 <1 <1 41

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 <1 <1 18

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2006 <1 <1 36

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 <1 <1 19

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 9 1993 <1 <1 3

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 1 1993 <1 <1 <1

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1 <1 <1

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 <1 <1 45

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 46 1997–2006 <1 <1 22

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1993–2006 <1 <1 10

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 47 1994–2006 <1 <1 20

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 40 1994–2006 <1 <1 21

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 15 1994–1996 <1 <1 13

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 55 1994–2006 <1 <1 45

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1 1993 <1 <1 <1

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 <1 <1 <1

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 52 1997–2006 <1 <1 16

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 12 <1 24

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 11 <1 24

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
140 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Carbonate as CO3, in mg/L—Continued

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 97 1993–2007 10 <1 89

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 75 1994–2007 2 <1 92

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 76 1997–2007 <1 <1 58

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 <1 <1 36

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 <1 <1 16

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 6 1997 29 9 44

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 7 1997 11 <1 39

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 24 <1 57

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 20 <1 24

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 <1 <1 23

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 88 1993–2007 7 <1 39

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 20 <1 22

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 3 <1 34

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 5 <1 60

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 6 1993 18 <1 35

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 77 1993–2007 <1 <1 38

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 94 1993–2007 <1 <1 35

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1 <1 <1

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1 1994 <1 <1 <1

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 <1 <1 19

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 <1 <1 17

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 3 <1 28

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 19 <1 34

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 7 <1 26

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 2 1993 <1 <1 <1

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 7 <1 25

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 6 <1 45

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 74 1994–2007 3 <1 34

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1 <1 <1

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 5 <1 19

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 10 <1 69

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 3 <1 37

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 4 <1 33

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 4 1993 <1 <1 <1

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 <1 <1 40

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 4 <1 65

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <1 <1 9

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1 <1 <1

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 12 <1 25

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 141

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Bicarbonate as HCO3, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 263 92 942

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 17 1993–1996 233 149 442

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 284 230 516

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 245 124 364

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 368 123 838

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 16 1994–1996 258 178 290

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 256 131 347

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 26 1993–1996 261 187 323

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 501 224 709

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 407 305 554

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 80 1994–2007 439 159 604

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 3 1993–1996 414 300 438

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 73 1994–2007 338 181 618

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 4 1993 273 248 336

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 345 201 578

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 357 229 556

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2006 347 199 388

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 348 142 1,090

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1993 344 255 411

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 1 1993 429 429 429

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1993 354 321 425

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 347 172 608

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 46 1997–2006 266 159 360

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1993–2006 318 135 441

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 47 1994–2006 296 131 483

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 40 1994–2006 303 120 644

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 15 1994–1996 265 181 312

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 55 1994–2006 299 125 518

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1 1993 181 181 181

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 274 162 320

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 52 1997–2006 266 131 422

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 333 176 388

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 252 150 584

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 97 1993–2007 445 145 868

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 75 1994–2007 345 162 1,540

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 76 1997–2007 371 164 654

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 386 250 690

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 416 235 581

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 6 1997 400 211 491

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 7 1997 267 164 333

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
142 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Bicarbonate as HCO3, in mg/L—Continued

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 332 295 911

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 628 158 661

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 281 148 440

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 88 1993–2007 325 87 1,330

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 396 289 484

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 339 121 875

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 588 172 1,420

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 6 1993 604 313 666

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 77 1993–2007 466 79 719

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 94 1993–2007 525 138 882

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 4 1993 491 404 525

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1 1994 192 192 192

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 378 221 890

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 416 290 852

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 362 102 827

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 665 335 703

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 377 159 850

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 4 1993 343 147 425

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 340 121 1,310

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 349 121 827

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 74 1994–2007 365 13 871

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 290 183 372

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 480 274 534

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 386 146 1,090

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 313 174 708

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 391 228 571

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 299 59 448

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 347 194 515

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 303 134 650

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 379 160 451

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 3 1993 272 121 284

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 258 227 335

Alkalinity, total, as CaCO3, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 216 75 772

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 17 1993–1996 209 141 362

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 233 188 442

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 208 102 298

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 307 101 687

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 16 1994–1996 212 146 254

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 211 107 285

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 143

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Alkalinity, total, as CaCO3, in mg/L—Continued

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 26 1993–1996 214 162 265

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 420 184 581

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 346 277 472

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 80 1994–2007 371 130 495

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 3 1993–1996 339 246 359

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 73 1994–2007 299 148 506

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 4 1993 224 203 275

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 303 165 473

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 301 188 455

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2006 290 163 329

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 301 116 893

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1993 284 209 337

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 1 1993 351 351 351

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1993 290 263 348

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 292 141 498

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 46 1997–2006 222 130 295

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1993–2006 260 110 361

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 47 1994–2006 243 113 396

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 40 1994–2006 254 98 528

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 15 1994–1996 217 148 256

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 55 1994–2006 262 102 424

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1 1993 148 148 148

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 225 133 262

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 52 1997–2006 222 107 346

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 303 144 346

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 246 123 478

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 97 1993–2007 393 119 712

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 75 1994–2007 319 133 1,260

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 76 1997–2007 318 134 536

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 324 205 565

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 346 192 476

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 6 1997 359 234 470

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 7 1997 256 134 294

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 346 295 746

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 554 129 580

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 230 121 399

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 88 1993–2007 287 71 1,090

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 361 237 431

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 299 99 717
144 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Alkalinity, total, as CaCO3, in mg/L—Continued

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 521 141 1,160

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 6 1993 526 256 604

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 77 1993–2007 397 65 589

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 94 1993–2007 438 113 723

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 4 1993 402 331 430

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1 1994 157 157 157

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 310 181 729

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 355 238 698

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 302 84 678

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 576 274 632

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 330 130 697

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 4 1993 281 120 348

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 298 99 1,070

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 310 99 710

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 74 1994–2007 319 11 714

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 238 150 305

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 400 224 449

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 336 148 892

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 279 143 580

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 335 187 468

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 245 48 367

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 297 159 422

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 293 110 532

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 310 131 384

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 3 1993 223 99 233

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 237 206 297

Alkalinity, incremental titration, dissolved as CaCO3, in mg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 1991 238 238 238

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 1 1991 208 208 208

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1 1994 295 295 295

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1 1991 248 248 248

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 4 1993 309 256 351

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 10 1995 206 81 416

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 10 1995 168 60 337

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 10 1995 219 139 371

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 24 1993–1996 256 139 367

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 47 1988–1996 262 140 358

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 1 1991 262 262 262

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 44 1988–1995 227 100 355

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 17 1989–1996 253 98 598

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 145

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Alkalinity, incremental titration, dissolved as CaCO3, in mg/L—Continued

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1 1994 306 306 306

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 25 1991–1995 207 114 306

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 73 1993–2000 252 90 334

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 1 1991 314 314 314

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 1 1991 286 286 286

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 2 1991 312 303 320

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 27 1993–1995 212 86 359

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 45 1994–2000 199 100 256

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 50 1989–2000 215 112 326

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 6 1991–1992 285 122 396

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 1 1992 396 396 396

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 17 1988–1993 356 124 1090

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 38 1988–1995 733 306 1,080

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 22 1989–1994 279 98 740

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 93 1988–2007 156 119 196

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 9 1989–1990 492 260 568

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 19 1988–1993 488 311 720

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 28 1988–1993 433 256 844

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 1 1989 70 70 70

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 15 1988–1992 323 108 640

Acid neutralizing capacity, total, in mg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 47 1983–2008 200 70 220

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 20 1997–1999 209 179 233

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 85 1980–2008 203 70 290

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 35 1984–2008 295 62 432

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 199 111 361

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 62 1980–2008 279 42 750

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 76 1983–2008 203 70 265

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 46 1980–1986 209 105 270

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 33 1997–2007 229 92 261

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 140 1980–2008 498 96 834

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 57 1983–2008 300 99 548

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 154 66 344

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 95 1983–2008 224 63 430

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 95 1983–2008 188 63 697

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 178 76 402

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 215 210 220

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 94 1983–2008 158 34 336

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 235 150 325

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 220 105 335

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
146 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Acid neutralizing capacity, total, in mg/L—Continued

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 19 1980–1998 253 140 380

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 62 1983–1997 201 110 463

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 12 1980–1986 374 322 457

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 87 1984–2008 194 79 473

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 389 167 647

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 91 1980–2008 320 80 570

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 64 1980–2008 253 63 480

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 79 1980–2008 270 130 415

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 260 120 391

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 114 1980–2008 260 127 543

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 126 1980–2008 267 137 385

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

43 1993–2008 289 127 389

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 8 1982–1992 195 110 290

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 237 126 360

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 31 1983–2008 266 120 335

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 33 1983–2008 185 64 510

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 45 1982–2008 272 83 390

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 17 1995–2008 258 97 354

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 28 1995–2008 239 94 368

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 26 1997–2005 265 151 371

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 44 1983–2008 254 77 410

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 130 80 400

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 97 77 120

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 1 1996 141 141 141

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1983–1987 100 80 340

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 139 1980–2008 230 104 350

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 60 1981–2003 262 73 633

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 4 1983–1988 120 100 177

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 57 1983–2008 242 98 414

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 100 1983–2008 199 95 310

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 77 1991–2008 259 101 334

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 47 1981–2008 218 100 317

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 20 1987–2005 159 99 236

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 8 1983–1990 178 90 300

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 47 1983–2008 220 106 290

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 72 1983–2008 239 98 330

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 19 1981–1994 190 93 254

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 4 1983–1984 210 140 330

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 3 1983–1984 240 150 270

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 147

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Acid neutralizing capacity, total, in mg/L—Continued

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 70 1983–2008 245 92 356

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 50 1983–2008 200 95 310

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 4 1983–1984 137 90 210

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 16 1983–1995 157 110 420

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 7 1983–1988 170 90 300

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 189 108 250

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 79 1980–2008 220 26 349

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 69 1983–2008 239 96 402

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 46 1983–2008 208 83 300

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 83 1994–2008 210 106 295

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 111 1980–2004 214 124 360

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 41 1982–2008 230 46 470

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 213 1980–2008 302 65 922

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 90 1982–2008 315 159 639

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 74 1983–2008 371 50 855

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 105 1981–2008 308 76 826

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 200 82 516

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 180 1980–2008 339 64 594

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 78 1980–2008 311 88 612

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 110 1981–2008 319 109 540

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 68 1983–2008 292 83 519

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 29 1986–2000 265 52 605

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 52 1987–2007 265 64 392

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 1 1981 160 160 160

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 21 1987–2000 297 96 470

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 13 1986–1989 284 84 436

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 31 1986–2000 293 64 500

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 81 1980–2008 340 126 1,170

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 20 1980–1992 160 98 200

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 46 1983–2008 530 76 660

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 1 1981 57 57 57

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 116 1980–2008 697 75 1,060

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 58 1991–2008 670 53 909

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 483 56 802

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 50 1983–2008 254 65 649

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 3 1983 490 258 549

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 253 80 427

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 39 1983–2008 310 96 431

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 84 1980–2008 277 97 713

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 97 1980–2000 160 106 439

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
148 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Acid neutralizing capacity, total, in mg/L—Continued

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 57 1980–2008 420 46 910

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 11 1981–1995 180 73 588

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 48 1983–2008 394 80 690

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 2 1981–1983 510 390 630

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 29 1983–1990 495 204 601

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 1 1981 510 510 510

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 69 1980–2008 357 67 610

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 10 1983–1995 172 63 350

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 87 1980–2008 430 76 712

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 16 1982–1985 282 68 503

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 21 1977–1985 154 26 371

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 1 1983 536 536 536

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 6 1982–1983 319 142 485

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 21 1982–1988 347 56 568

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 2 1983 850 759 941

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 99 1987–2003 567 112 1,136

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 131 1982–2003 277 65 574

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 48 1983–2008 408 129 446

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 41 1983–2008 337 54 460

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 55 1986–2008 164 118 200

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 14 1981–1996 133 18 270

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 8 1995–1996 156 60 814

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 23 1981–2005 270 84 910

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 17 1986–1994 380 185 499

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 43 1983–2008 244 43 460

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 48 1983–2008 267 86 440

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 40 1989–2008 270 92 600

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 18 1999–2008 275 152 352

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 36 1991–2008 470 91 873

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 22 1983–1995 290 100 370

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 41 1988–2008 304 100 417

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 13 2002–2008 354 118 577

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 100 1980–2008 322 99 771

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 33 1988–2004 360 66 547

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 55 1980–2008 420 49 722

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 11 1980–1981 150 150 170

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 5 1981–1983 270 196 379

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 58 1980–2008 350 91 510

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 15 2001–2008 264 97 320

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 149

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Acid neutralizing capacity, total, in mg/L—Continued

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 17 1983–1995 200 71 340

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 50 1982–2008 308 90 486

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 45 1983–2008 270 66 462

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 93 1980–2008 299 75 607

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 8 1983–1989 195 39 350

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 324 50 431

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 41 1991–1999 354 30 673

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 18 1981–1987 471 106 710

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 35 1983–1995 343 76 607

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 84 1983–2008 294 64 992

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 157 1985–2008 316 93 799

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 219 134 273

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 131 1980–2008 257 112 424

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 45 1982–2008 252 80 417

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 112 1983–2008 260 108 509

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 138 1980–2008 273 86 719

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 43 1984–2008 270 50 451

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 94 1982–2008 280 77 1,210

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 22 1980–2008 276 118 432

Hardness as CaCO3, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 651.5 119.0 2,150.0

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 17 1993–1996 438.0 215.0 645.0

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 324.5 248.0 330.0

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 282.0 162.0 437.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 621.0 171.0 1,110.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 16 1994–1996 289.0 213.0 442.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 328.0 175.0 515.0

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 26 1993–1996 323.0 239.0 428.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 358.0 211.0 544.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 362.5 290.0 456.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 80 1994–2007 372.5 177.0 500.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 3 1993–1996 351.0 346.0 414.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 73 1994–2007 340.0 166.0 618.0

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 4 1993 232.5 209.0 282.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 400.0 186.0 601.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 401.0 284.0 581.0

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2006 382.0 201.0 541.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 584.0 246.0 1,270.0

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1993 341.5 269.0 389.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 1 1993 522.0 522.0 522.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
150 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Hardness as CaCO3, in mg/L—Continued

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1993 450.0 392.0 537.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 632.5 328.0 1,040.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 46 1997–2006 302.5 162.0 465.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1993–2006 646.0 304.0 1,110.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 47 1994–2006 413.0 242.0 688.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 40 1994–2006 442.5 172.0 1,040.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 15 1994–1996 319.0 214.0 422.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 55 1994–2006 376.0 162.0 589.0

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1 1993 217.0 217.0 217.0

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 310.0 222.0 345.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 52 1997–2006 314.0 173.0 526.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 429.5 211.0 510.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 246.0 124.0 460.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 97 1993–2007 464.0 167.0 844.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 75 1994–2007 325.0 144.0 1,310.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 76 1997–2007 377.0 183.0 772.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 269.0 138.0 313.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 313.5 200.0 461.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 6 1997 381.5 287.0 443.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 7 1997 326.0 188.0 400.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 263.0 234.0 711.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 446.0 145.0 594.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 335.5 253.0 392.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 88 1993–2007 275.5 44.0 2,610.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 599.0 334.0 745.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 294.0 28.0 817.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 263.5 133.0 527.0

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 6 1993 174.0 83.0 200.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 77 1993–2007 368.0 69.0 598.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 94 1993–2007 349.0 125.0 619.0

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 4 1993 410.0 369.0 453.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1 1994 200.0 200.0 200.0

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 293.0 164.0 555.0

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 339.0 183.0 512.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 369.5 100.0 647.0

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 196.0 109.0 231.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 318.0 150.0 567.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 4 1993 203.0 102.0 221.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 421.0 123.0 1,200.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 362.0 98.0 1,080.0

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 151

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Hardness as CaCO3, in mg/L—Continued

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 74 1994–2007 356.0 1.0 853.0

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 185.0 130.0 243.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 276.5 197.0 330.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 377.0 156.0 1,070.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 276.0 146.0 455.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 447.0 233.0 578.0

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 240.0 42.0 326.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 385.0 195.0 610.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 392.0 141.0 598.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 473.0 234.0 579.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 3 1993 203.0 120.0 252.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 286.0 266.0 333.0

Sodium absorption ratio, unitless

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 0.85 0.39 1.66

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 17 1993–1996 0.70 0.30 1.24

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 0.55 0.43 6.48

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 0.48 0.24 1.33

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 1.72 0.63 3.28

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 16 1994–1996 0.52 0.27 0.78

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. -- -- 0.60 0.43 0.87

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 0.74 0.35 1.68

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 26 1993–1996 0.60 0.43 0.87

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 2.82 1.66 5.00

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 2.63 1.01 3.84

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 80 1994–2007 2.31 1.17 4.02

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 3 1993–1996 1.55 0.90 2.57

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 73 1994–2007 2.09 1.03 3.09

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 4 1993 1.45 1.19 1.74

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 2.26 1.06 3.15

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 1.76 0.58 2.67

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2006 1.57 0.91 2.02

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 1.71 0.60 6.10

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1993 1.36 0.54 2.67

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 1 1993 1.15 1.15 1.15

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1993 1.48 1.21 1.80

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 1.37 0.65 2.36

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 46 1997–2006 0.60 0.13 1.29

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1993–2006 4.60 1.17 15.10

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 47 1994–2006 1.13 0.61 12.20

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 40 1994–2006 1.97 0.85 4.93

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
152 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sodium absorption ratio, unitless—Continued

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 15 1994–1996 0.86 0.47 1.16

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 55 1994–2006 1.12 0.63 1.53

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1 1993 0.78 0.78 0.78

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 0.78 0.42 1.21

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 52 1997–2006 0.80 0.38 2.50

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 3.29 2.17 5.20

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 2.08 1.54 2.82

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 97 1993–2007 4.33 1.63 6.88

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 75 1994–2007 3.32 1.57 10.90

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 76 1997–2007 3.56 1.55 8.86

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 4.38 1.04 7.41

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 2.89 2.09 3.17

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 6 1997 2.13 1.50 3.68

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 7 1997 1.05 0.68 1.56

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 3.38 2.65 4.78

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 5.77 1.08 8.84

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 5.93 2.99 10.80

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 88 1993–2007 8.89 1.77 21.50

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 5.92 4.38 7.43

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 7.69 2.43 16.20

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 9.99 3.87 20.80

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 6 1993 9.06 5.97 10.80

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 77 1993–2007 5.36 1.05 9.67

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 94 1993–2007 5.91 2.60 9.34

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 4 1993 5.53 5.10 6.02

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1 1994 1.90 1.90 1.90

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 4.67 3.77 9.93

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 5.39 3.89 9.26

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 5.28 1.68 9.66

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 9.74 6.13 12.20

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 5.08 2.29 8.81

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 4 1993 3.53 1.55 4.32

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 5.36 1.21 13.30

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 5.57 1.96 14.00

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 74 1994–2007 5.26 0.04 10.60

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 1.96 1.68 2.07

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 2.90 1.63 4.39

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 2.21 0.57 8.96

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 1.49 0.53 2.67

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 1.83 1.08 2.28

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
Appendix 1 153

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Sodium absorption ratio, unitless—Continued

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 1.05 0.26 1.43

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 1.98 0.89 3.07

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 1.89 0.63 2.93

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 2.03 1.43 2.19

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 3 1993 1.09 0.94 1.38

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 1.35 1.11 1.61

Table 1–1. Summary statistics for major ion constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CO3, carbonate; HCO3, bicarbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate]
154 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.20

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 20 1991–2004 <0.04 <0.04 0.33

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 5 1993–2006 0.10 <0.04 0.25

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.26

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 64 1970–1999 0.10 <0.04 0.86

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 103 1975–2004 0.05 <0.04 0.66

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 64 1981–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.70

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 78 1991–2008 <0.04 <0.04 1.31

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 45 1970–1981 0.69 <0.04 11.80

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 52 2000–2007 0.07 <0.04 1.20

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 59 1993–2007 0.10 <0.04 0.70

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 44 1981–2004 0.05 <0.04 0.67

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 <0.04 <0.04 0.24

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 25 1993–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.11

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 68 1987–2004 <0.04 <0.04 0.83

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 68 1987–2004 0.05 <0.04 0.96

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 2 1993 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 62 1987–2004 0.05 <0.04 0.93

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 0.09 <0.04 1.63

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 58 1987–1997 0.09 <0.04 1.30

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 70 1987–1999 0.05 <0.04 1.84

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 174 1979–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.74

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 51 1979–1996 0.06 <0.04 0.84

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 129 1979–2007 0.08 <0.04 1.70

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 11 1993 0.16 <0.04 0.38

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 98 1993–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.37

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 281 1976–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.45

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

15 2003–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.10

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 14 1991–2006 0.04 <0.04 0.26

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 49 1997–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.53

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 31 1993–1999 0.05 <0.04 0.95

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 2 1993 0.04 <0.04 <0.04

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 44 1970–1974 0.19 <0.04 0.97

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.11 <0.04 0.35

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 139 1978–2007 0.11 <0.04 1.60

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 50 1981–1996 0.09 <0.04 0.82

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 90 1994–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.43

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 114 1991–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.38

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 82 1993–2000 <0.04 <0.04 0.26

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 155

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 69 1993–2008 <0.04 <0.04 1.01

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 6 1977–2004 0.22 <0.04 0.53

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 78 1994–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.67

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 71 1994–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.67

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 18 1991–2004 <0.04 <0.04 0.23

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 50 1976–1979 <0.04 <0.04 0.28

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 63 1976–1995 <0.04 <0.04 0.44

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 143 1976–1995 <0.04 <0.04 0.35

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 86 1994–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.24

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 25 1979–2004 0.13 <0.04 0.38

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 0.14 <0.04 0.93

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 167 1970–2008 <0.04 <0.04 0.76

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 149 1978–2004 0.09 <0.04 2.30

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 <0.04 <0.04 0.44

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 19 1978–1981 0.06 <0.04 0.45

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 322 1974–2008 0.07 <0.04 3.30

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 183 1972–1998 0.10 <0.04 4.80

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 138 1981–2007 <0.04 <0.04 2.50

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 143 1981–2008 <0.04 <0.04 4.72

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 344 1970–2008 0.09 <0.04 3.20

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 57 1981–1998 <0.04 <0.04 0.25

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 88 1981–2000 <0.04 <0.04 1.30

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 47 1982–2000 <0.04 <0.04 0.25

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 29 1986–2000 <0.04 <0.04 0.45

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 27 1997–2000 <0.04 <0.04 0.28

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 <0.04 <0.04 0.22

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 15 1982–1989 0.07 <0.04 0.38

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 <0.04 <0.04 0.28

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 258 1970–2007 0.14 <0.04 3.60

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 100 1970–1982 <0.04 <0.04 0.80

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 <0.04 <0.04 0.05

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 29 1977–1981 0.08 <0.04 107.00

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 44 1977–1982 0.06 <0.04 118.00

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 95 1980–1996 0.05 <0.04 0.86

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 47 1991–2000 <0.04 <0.04 0.58

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 44 1991–2000 <0.04 <0.04 3.32

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 <0.04 <0.04 0.06

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 45 1977–1983 <0.04 <0.04 0.28

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 89 1979–2007 <0.04 <0.04 1.06

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 52 1977–1999 <0.04 <0.04 0.28

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
156 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 170 1977–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.54

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 217 1974–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.22

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 45 1977–1982 0.06 <0.04 111.00

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 16 1975–1981 0.06 <0.04 100.00

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 43 1977–1981 0.07 <0.04 126.00

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 15 1977–1981 0.06 <0.04 0.68

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.40

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 44 1977–1983 0.06 <0.04 120.00

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 62 1975–1990 0.07 <0.04 76.00

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 46 1977–1993 0.09 <0.04 2.90

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 0.06 <0.04 104.00

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 172 1974–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.67

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 234 1974–2007 0.05 <0.04 0.62

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 26 1977–1982 0.10 <0.04 0.78

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 1 1977 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 0.20 <0.04 0.58

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 25 1975–1981 0.05 <0.04 0.28

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 29 1977–1982 0.07 <0.04 0.71

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 16 1978–1982 0.06 <0.04 0.45

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 33 1978–1983 0.11 <0.04 129.00

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 76 1990–2003 <0.04 <0.04 1.20

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 77 1970–2003 <0.04 <0.04 0.35

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 21 1977–1981 0.05 <0.04 0.85

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 49 1977–1982 0.13 <0.04 80.00

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 32 1977–1982 0.14 <0.04 80.00

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.59 0.10 1.00

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 205 1970–2001 <0.04 <0.04 0.43

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 27 1979–1996 0.09 <0.04 0.45

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 22 1978–1996 0.07 <0.04 43.00

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 48 1975–1983 0.09 <0.04 2.10

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 0.23 <0.04 0.78

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 45 1977–1982 0.06 <0.04 79.00

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.07 <0.04 0.22

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.42

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 0.06 <0.04 0.43

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 187 1978–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.71

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 3 1988–1989 0.09 <0.04 0.27

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 51 1977–2007 0.07 <0.04 0.72

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 140 1974–1981 <0.04 <0.04 0.26

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 28 1978–1981 0.07 <0.04 0.94

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 157

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 39 1975–1983 0.05 <0.04 0.74

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 0.05 <0.04 0.44

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.41

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 39 1977–1981 0.06 <0.04 1.10

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.43

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 169 1977–2007 <0.04 <0.04 0.43

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.07 <0.04 0.20

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 36 1991–1999 <0.04 <0.04 0.22

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 45 1975–1987 0.10 <0.04 111.00

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 27 1987–1998 <0.04 <0.04 0.47

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 105 1987–2007 <0.04 <0.04 1.60

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 140 1987–2008 <0.04 <0.04 2.50

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 5 1987–1989 <0.04 <0.04 0.49

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 82 1987–2008 <0.04 <0.04 1.72

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 <0.04 <0.04 0.41

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 0.10 <0.04 0.95

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 139 1987–2007 0.09 <0.04 1.10

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 131 1981–2007 <0.04 <0.04 1.50

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 0.14 <0.04 0.55

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 138 1970–2008 0.07 <0.04 0.86

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 11 1981–2004 0.06 <0.04 0.35

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 0.14 <0.10 1.60

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 20 1991–2004 0.12 <0.10 2.93

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 5 1993–2006 <0.10 <0.10 2.07

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 54 1996–2007 0.16 <0.10 1.84

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 47 1971–1999 <0.10 <0.10 1.30

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 104 1975–2004 <0.10 <0.10 2.30

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 3 1971–1975 <0.10 <0.10 0.44

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 163 1971–2007 <0.10 <0.10 3.80

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 106 1971–2008 0.19 <0.10 2.14

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 155 1971–1986 0.31 <0.10 4.60

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 52 2000–2007 0.88 0.20 5.56

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 59 1993–2007 0.48 <0.10 2.28

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 154 1977–2004 <0.10 <0.10 2.00

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 0.19 <0.10 0.96

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 123 1971–2007 <0.10 <0.10 4.20

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 68 1987–2004 <0.10 <0.10 2.80

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 70 1983–2004 <0.10 <0.10 4.60

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 2 1993 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
158 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 63 1987–2004 0.11 <0.10 8.30

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <0.10 <0.10 0.87

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 16 1976–1981 0.23 <0.10 3.40

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 119 1971–1997 0.27 <0.10 3.10

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 41 1971–1986 <0.10 <0.10 9.50

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 71 1987–1999 <0.10 <0.10 2.90

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 263 1971–2007 0.13 <0.10 2.10

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 51 1979–1996 <0.10 <0.10 2.20

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 129 1979–2007 0.13 <0.10 1.60

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 11 1993 0.21 <0.10 0.30

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 252 1971–2007 0.21 <0.10 1.50

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 282 1976–2007 0.13 <0.10 3.60

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

15 2003–2007 <0.10 <0.10 2.38

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 37 1976–1979 0.19 <0.10 3.50

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 14 1991–2006 <0.10 <0.10 1.59

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 1 1981 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 49 1997–2007 <0.10 <0.10 7.70

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 31 1993–1999 0.36 <0.10 3.85

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 2 1993 0.30 <0.10 0.50

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 27 1971–1974 0.21 <0.10 1.90

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 4 1993 <0.10 <0.10 0.91

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 140 1978–2007 0.43 <0.10 4.90

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 97 1971–1996 <0.10 <0.10 5.00

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 90 1994–2008 0.39 <0.10 5.91

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 139 1971–2008 0.40 <0.10 4.60

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 82 1993–2000 0.32 <0.10 2.70

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 87 1980–2008 0.16 <0.10 2.60

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 57 1973–2004 0.22 <0.10 2.70

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 78 1994–2008 0.48 <0.10 2.86

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 1 1981 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 1 1980 0.92 0.92 0.92

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 13 1978–1980 0.83 <0.10 3.30

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 6 1978–1979 1.60 0.14 2.50

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 71 1994–2008 0.54 <0.10 3.32

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 18 1991–2004 0.37 0.10 1.19

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 79 1971–1979 0.14 <0.10 2.70

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 92 1971–1995 0.64 <0.10 4.00

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 202 1971–1995 0.13 <0.10 3.00

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 86 1994–2008 0.17 <0.10 3.74

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 159

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 25 1979–2004 <0.10 <0.10 4.41

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 0.32 <0.10 2.18

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 159 1971–2008 0.43 <0.10 4.30

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 148 1978–2004 0.34 <0.10 5.80

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 12 1982–1997 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 19 1978–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.30

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 359 1974–2008 <0.10 <0.10 2.10

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 182 1972–1998 <0.10 <0.10 1.40

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 137 1981–2007 <0.10 <0.10 1.54

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 154 1971–2008 <0.10 <0.10 1.54

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 355 1971–2008 <0.10 <0.10 2.40

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 88 1977–2008 <0.10 <0.10 3.10

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 97 1981–2000 <0.10 <0.10 2.10

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 47 1982–2000 <0.10 <0.10 0.88

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 <0.10 <0.10 3.89

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 28 1979–2000 <0.10 <0.10 2.30

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 9 1972–1981 <0.10 <0.10 1.50

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 <0.10 <0.10 0.40

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 26 1976–2000 <0.10 <0.10 0.60

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 46 1975–1989 <0.10 <0.10 2.10

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 <0.10 <0.10 2.24

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 261 1971–2008 <0.10 <0.10 1.50

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 94 1974–1982 0.16 <0.10 1.50

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 <0.10 <0.10 0.59

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 28 1977–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.86

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 42 1977–1982 <0.10 <0.10 1.50

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 194 1971–1996 <0.10 <0.10 2.10

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 47 1991–2000 <0.10 <0.10 1.60

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 45 1991–2000 <0.10 <0.10 1.50

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 10 1973–1999 <0.10 <0.10 0.26

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 45 1977–1983 <0.10 <0.10 1.40

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 90 1974–2007 <0.10 <0.10 1.23

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 52 1977–1999 <0.10 <0.10 0.62

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 207 1974–2007 0.13 <0.10 2.40

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 264 1971–2007 0.11 <0.10 1.40

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 44 1977–1982 <0.10 <0.10 1.00

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 15 1975–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.60

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.70

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 15 1977–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.96

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <0.10 <0.10 0.74

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
160 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 43 1977–1983 <0.10 <0.10 1.60

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 99 1974–1990 <0.10 <0.10 2.10

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 45 1977–1993 <0.10 <0.10 0.72

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.58

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 173 1974–2007 <0.10 <0.10 1.20

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 234 1974–2007 <0.10 <0.10 1.20

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 26 1977–1982 0.18 <0.10 1.80

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 1 1977 0.21 0.21 0.21

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 0.14 <0.10 0.83

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 25 1975–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.65

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 29 1977–1982 <0.10 <0.10 1.60

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 16 1978–1982 <0.10 <0.10 0.72

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 32 1978–1983 <0.10 <0.10 1.80

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 95 1987–2003 <0.10 <0.10 1.20

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 184 1971–2003 <0.10 <0.10 1.60

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 21 1977–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.50

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 48 1977–1982 0.75 <0.10 4.70

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 31 1977–1982 <0.10 <0.10 0.58

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 0.23 <0.10 0.40

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 192 1971–2001 0.12 <0.10 0.80

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 27 1979–1996 0.29 <0.10 1.80

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 22 1978–1996 <0.10 <0.10 0.85

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 49 1975–1984 <0.10 <0.10 1.50

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 <0.10 <0.10 0.18

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 44 1977–1982 <0.10 <0.10 0.69

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 <0.10 <0.10 1.52

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 <0.10 <0.10 0.12

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 187 1978–2007 <0.10 <0.10 1.20

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 3 1988–1989 <0.10 <0.10 0.35

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 59 1977–2007 <0.10 <0.10 1.40

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 141 1974–1981 0.13 <0.10 0.47

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 28 1978–1981 <0.10 <0.10 2.00

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 76 1974–1983 <0.10 <0.10 7.00

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 <0.10 <0.10 0.86

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 <0.10 <0.10 2.77

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 1 1973 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 39 1977–1981 0.38 <0.10 4.80

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 <0.10 <0.10 3.56

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 204 1971–2007 <0.10 <0.10 3.52

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 161

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 <0.10 <0.10 0.15

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 36 1991–1999 <0.10 <0.10 0.60

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 78 1974–1987 <0.10 <0.10 2.00

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 39 1985–1998 <0.10 <0.10 1.90

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 116 1985–2007 <0.10 <0.10 2.50

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 158 1985–2008 <0.10 <0.10 2.30

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 10 1986–1989 <0.10 <0.10 0.70

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 131 1978–2008 <0.10 <0.10 1.60

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 <0.10 <0.10 0.88

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 <0.10 <0.10 0.88

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 159 1984–2007 0.22 <0.10 29.60

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 253 1971–2007 0.14 <0.10 4.72

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 0.22 <0.10 2.42

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 123 1971–2008 <0.10 <0.10 2.94

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 84 1974–2004 <0.10 <0.10 3.00

Ammonia plus organic nitrogen, dissolved as N, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 11 2006–2007 1.02 0.80 1.19

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 3 1991–2004 0.50 0.48 1.10

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 0.61 0.61 0.61

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 12 2000–2007 0.70 0.51 1.00

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 3 1991–2004 0.54 0.43 1.00

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 18 1994–2007 0.99 0.60 1.21

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 51 1991–2008 0.76 0.38 1.20

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 4 1977–1986 0.83 <0.20 1.00

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 12 2006–2007 0.83 0.56 1.15

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 24 1986–2004 1.10 0.20 1.60

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 4 2005–2006 1.08 0.96 1.43

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 25 1993–2007 1.00 0.40 1.73

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 3 2004 1.41 0.63 1.77

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 3 2004 1.38 0.71 2.26

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 2 2004 1.14 1.04 1.24

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 91 1979–2007 1.00 <0.20 2.40

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 38 1979–1981 0.88 0.42 2.30

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 53 1979–2007 1.11 <0.20 2.90

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 49 1986–2007 <0.20 0.20 1.90

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 156 1976–2007 0.63 <0.20 1.80

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

2 2003–2004 0.49 0.46 0.52

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 2 1991–2006 1.05 0.81 1.30

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 13 2005–2007 0.88 0.47 1.14

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
162 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Ammonia plus organic nitrogen, dissolved as N, in mg/L—Continued

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 64 1978–2004 0.95 0.50 2.90

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 10 1981–1982 1.50 1.00 2.90

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 25 1994–2008 0.77 0.57 1.07

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 66 1991–2008 0.77 0.49 1.50

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 82 1993–2000 0.51 0.22 1.52

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 29 2005–2008 0.79 0.60 1.38

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 5 1977–2004 0.89 0.69 1.30

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 0.55 0.24 1.21

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 0.68 0.29 1.22

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 3 1991–2004 0.71 0.65 1.10

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 11 1994–1995 0.70 0.30 1.20

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 83 1979–1995 0.73 <0.20 3.90

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 0.68 0.30 1.17

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 8 1979–1980 0.93 0.30 1.30

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 85 1994–2008 0.76 0.54 1.61

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 79 1978–2004 0.97 <0.20 2.80

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 2 1981 1.13 0.96 1.30

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 9 1978–2007 1.10 0.85 2.93

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 1.26 0.65 2.28

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 24 1981–2007 1.41 0.84 2.70

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 16 1987–2007 1.39 0.89 3.84

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 8 1982–1983 1.55 0.80 2.10

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 46 1978–1983 1.65 0.71 3.70

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 0.62 <0.20 0.83

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 2 1981 1.08 0.56 1.60

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 8 1981–1982 0.76 0.43 1.20

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 20 1980–1991 1.10 0.60 1.70

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 0.37 0.28 0.59

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 9 1981–1983 0.92 0.66 1.40

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 20 1999–2007 0.38 <0.20 0.70

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 12 1981–1999 0.53 0.36 1.10

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 62 1977–2007 0.62 0.24 3.10

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 111 1977–2007 0.23 <0.20 0.88

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 9 1980–1982 1.40 0.82 2.70

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 3 1980–1981 1.40 0.86 2.10

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 5 1980–1981 1.30 1.00 3.50

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 2 1981 0.90 0.50 1.30

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 20 2005–2007 0.92 0.50 1.44

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 13 1980–1983 1.00 0.72 2.70

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 59 1976–1988 0.80 <0.20 4.40

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 163

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Ammonia plus organic nitrogen, dissolved as N, in mg/L—Continued

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 3 1980–1981 1.40 1.10 1.60

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 5 1980–1981 0.91 0.55 2.10

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 20 2005–2007 0.63 0.30 1.29

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 68 1977–2007 0.61 <0.20 1.70

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 6 1980–1982 0.99 0.61 1.30

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 8 1977–1980 0.98 0.41 12.00

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 7 1981–1983 1.30 0.22 1.50

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 3 1980–1981 1.20 1.10 2.50

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 8 1980–1982 1.05 <0.20 1.40

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 6 1980–1982 1.30 <0.20 3.00

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 12 1980–1983 1.30 0.47 2.20

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 3 1980–1981 0.96 0.84 2.70

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 10 1980–1982 1.05 0.42 2.40

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 7 1980–1982 1.30 0.37 2.30

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 18 1999–2001 <0.20 <0.20 0.29

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 8 1980–1983 1.25 0.95 3.00

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 4 1980–1981 1.60 1.40 1.90

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 11 1980–1983 1.20 0.47 2.30

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 8 1981–1982 1.25 0.40 1.90

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 0.74 0.48 0.99

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 62 1978–2007 0.58 0.21 1.70

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 3 1988–1989 0.80 0.80 1.50

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 29 1978–1981 1.10 0.54 1.60

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 3 1981 0.85 0.77 0.94

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 43 1976–1983 0.72 <0.20 2.30

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 3 1981 0.67 0.46 1.00

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 19 2005–2007 0.69 0.25 1.40

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 3 1981 1.30 1.10 1.50

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 17 2005–2007 0.71 0.37 1.33

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 68 1977–2007 0.63 0.30 1.50

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 52 1976–1987 1.25 0.44 2.90

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 17 1987–1995 1.10 0.50 1.40

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 53 1987–2007 1.30 0.50 2.80

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 147 1987–2008 1.30 0.60 5.51

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 5 1987–1989 1.00 0.50 1.70

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 94 1987–2008 1.33 0.67 2.71

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 82 1987–2007 0.90 <0.20 2.50

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1987–2007 0.90 0.30 1.90

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 61 1987–2008 0.90 <0.20 3.70

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 1 2004 1.00 1.00 1.00

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
164 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total nitrogen, dissolved as N, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 11 2006–2007 1.20 0.90 1.90

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 0.63 0.63 0.63

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 12 2000–2007 0.94 0.53 1.51

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 12 2006–2007 1.05 0.75 1.69

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 28 2006–2008 1.14 0.60 2.77

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 12 2006–2007 1.92 1.20 3.19

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 4 2005–2006 1.13 1.04 1.78

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 0.97 0.53 1.47

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 19 2005–2007 0.80 0.51 1.48

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 19 2005–2007 1.16 0.86 2.30

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 19 2005–2007 0.99 0.48 1.77

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 11 2006–2007 0.55 0.37 1.38

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 0.83 0.83 0.83

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 11 2006–2007 0.90 0.57 3.08

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 19 2006–2008 0.86 0.59 2.49

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 25 2006–2008 1.28 0.55 4.40

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 22 2006–2008 0.85 0.63 2.16

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 23 2006–2008 0.92 0.52 2.61

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 23 2006–2008 1.27 0.55 4.08

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 23 2006–2008 0.76 0.35 4.81

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 24 2006–2008 1.32 0.64 4.47

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 1.28 0.67 2.32

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 1.43 1.08 2.16

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 1.52 1.07 4.37

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 0.75 0.02 1.22

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 0.44 0.29 0.91

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 20 1999–2007 0.43 0.22 1.64

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 0.57 0.37 1.37

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 20 1999–2007 0.55 0.27 1.67

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 20 2005–2007 0.97 0.52 1.65

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 20 2005–2007 0.69 0.33 1.58

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 19 2005–2007 0.70 0.38 1.46

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 0.78 0.50 1.02

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 20 2005–2007 0.50 0.34 1.14

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 19 2005–2007 0.82 0.29 4.15

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 17 2005–2007 0.79 0.39 4.98

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 18 2005–2007 0.61 0.39 4.72

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 20 2005–2007 1.37 0.54 2.18

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 20 2005–2007 1.39 0.36 3.75

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 19 2005–2007 1.04 0.57 4.62

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 165

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total nitrogen as N, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 1.47 0.95 2.91

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 0.67 0.67 0.67

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 52 2000–2007 0.98 0.42 2.52

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 43 2000–2007 1.22 0.61 3.42

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 28 2006–2008 1.05 0.52 2.57

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 52 2000–2007 1.60 0.97 6.27

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 5 2006–2007 1.51 0.95 2.49

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 41 1998–2006 1.32 0.84 2.11

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 0.95 0.55 1.54

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 67 1998–2007 1.13 0.52 2.01

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 62 1998–2007 1.32 0.91 3.23

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 65 1998–2007 1.12 0.56 2.05

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 62 1998–2007 0.90 0.40 2.51

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 0.47 0.44 2.96

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 0.77 0.77 0.77

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 45 1998–2007 1.05 0.63 3.94

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 1.13 0.89 2.46

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 65 1998–2008 1.31 0.57 4.47

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 69 1998–2008 1.14 0.59 4.26

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 57 1998–2008 1.24 0.67 4.23

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 58 1998–2008 1.35 0.57 4.08

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 55 1998–2008 1.26 0.58 4.25

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 63 1998–2008 0.70 0.36 4.64

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 77 1998–2008 1.17 0.58 4.36

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 67 1998–2007 1.47 0.88 3.91

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 55 1998–2007 1.45 0.82 9.91

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 65 1998–2007 1.29 0.48 4.16

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 0.78 0.53 1.07

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 0.38 0.21 0.90

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 64 1998–2007 0.50 0.19 2.01

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 0.54 0.21 1.13

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 59 1998–2007 0.64 0.23 4.98

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 56 1998–2007 0.92 0.42 1.84

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 59 1998–2007 0.74 0.23 1.90

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 65 1998–2007 0.76 0.31 2.43

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 61 1998–2007 0.88 0.47 2.35

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 60 1998–2007 0.64 <0.02 2.14

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 10 2007 1.17 0.85 2.49

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 52 1998–2007 0.76 0.22 4.18

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
166 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total nitrogen as N, in mg/L—Continued

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 45 1998–2007 0.84 <0.02 4.81

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 54 1998–2007 0.69 0.34 4.73

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 1.21 1.08 1.63

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 56 1998–2007 1.64 0.55 3.02

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 1.22 0.98 1.90

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 1.51 0.92 2.32

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 70 1998–2007 1.61 0.44 30.50

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 65 1998–2007 1.57 0.83 6.48

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 1.69 1.22 3.74

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 1.31 0.91 2.16

Phosphorus, dissolved as P, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 11 2006–2007 0.16 <0.01 0.27

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 3 1991–2004 0.02 <0.01 0.06

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 12 2000–2007 0.09 0.02 0.18

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 26 1970–1999 0.09 <0.01 0.28

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 93 1975–2004 0.08 <0.01 0.84

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 7 1971–1975 0.10 <0.01 0.39

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 3 1970 0.12 0.10 0.41

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 126 1970–2007 0.25 <0.01 2.00

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 94 1970–2008 0.11 <0.01 2.40

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 87 1970–1986 0.15 <0.01 1.20

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 12 2006–2007 0.22 0.11 0.48

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 30 1997–2007 0.17 <0.01 0.35

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 135 1977–2004 0.20 <0.01 0.75

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 1 1970 0.04 0.04 0.04

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 4 2005–2006 0.21 0.15 0.23

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 129 1970–2007 0.13 <0.01 0.98

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 4 1993–2004 0.28 0.23 0.29

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 5 1983–2004 0.21 0.04 0.53

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 2 2004 0.29 0.14 0.45

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 16 1976–1981 0.36 0.10 1.00

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 74 1970–1979 0.26 <0.01 7.30

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 43 1970–1986 0.28 0.04 1.50

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 4 1992–1993 0.55 0.04 0.75

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 200 1970–2007 0.16 <0.01 0.78

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 38 1979–1981 0.04 <0.01 0.36

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 63 1979–2007 0.22 0.04 0.43

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 213 1970–2007 0.11 <0.01 0.49

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 223 1976–2007 0.07 <0.01 0.30

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 167

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Phosphorus, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

12 2003–2007 0.11 0.04 0.25

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 37 1976–1979 0.07 0.02 0.17

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 2 1991–2006 0.16 0.14 0.17

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 12 2005–2007 0.45 0.16 3.60

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 0.15 0.04 0.34

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 6 1970 0.17 0.07 0.33

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 138 1978–2007 0.16 <0.01 1.80

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 73 1970–1996 0.11 <0.01 0.62

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 25 1994–2008 0.04 <0.01 0.29

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 112 1970–2008 0.13 <0.01 0.37

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 82 1993–2000 0.07 <0.01 0.36

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 29 2005–2008 0.06 <0.01 0.35

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 6 1977–2004 0.10 0.06 0.23

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 0.08 <0.01 0.27

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 0.11 <0.01 0.29

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 3 1991–2004 0.07 0.06 0.11

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 82 1970–1979 0.14 <0.01 5.80

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 95 1970–1995 0.17 0.06 5.40

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 218 1970–1995 0.13 <0.01 3.90

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 0.20 0.03 0.48

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 8 1979–1980 0.07 <0.01 0.20

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 100 1970–2008 0.14 <0.01 0.40

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 146 1978–2004 0.11 <0.01 0.75

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 19 1978–1981 0.09 0.02 0.67

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 106 1974–2007 0.08 <0.01 0.74

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 1 1979 0.06 0.06 0.06

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 0.12 0.03 1.06

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 32 1981–2007 0.18 0.06 0.53

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 153 1970–2007 0.16 0.03 2.40

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 26 1977–1981 0.08 <0.01 0.38

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 35 1981–2000 0.20 0.02 0.82

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 20 1999–2000 0.15 0.02 0.28

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 0.30 0.04 0.57

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 20 1999–2000 0.14 <0.01 0.54

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 9 1972–1981 0.32 0.12 3.00

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 0.23 0.06 0.47

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 26 1976–2000 0.14 0.05 0.88

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 30 1975–1980 0.16 <0.01 1.50

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 0.25 0.04 0.49

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
168 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Phosphorus, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 188 1970–1994 0.18 <0.01 3.00

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 6 1970 0.06 0.03 0.10

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 0.05 0.02 0.31

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 28 1977–1981 0.03 <0.01 0.82

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 42 1977–1982 0.02 <0.01 0.21

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 130 1970–1996 0.02 <0.01 0.88

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 10 1973–1999 0.05 <0.01 0.17

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 46 1977–1983 <0.01 <0.01 0.11

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 22 1974–2007 0.02 <0.01 0.56

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 49 1977–1999 <0.01 <0.01 0.16

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 110 1977–2007 <0.01 <0.01 0.45

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 241 1971–2007 <0.01 <0.01 0.21

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 45 1977–1982 0.03 <0.01 0.17

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 14 1978–1981 0.06 0.02 0.47

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 0.02 <0.01 0.14

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 15 1977–1981 0.10 0.03 0.44

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 20 2005–2007 0.03 <0.01 0.12

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 43 1977–1983 0.02 <0.01 0.34

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 71 1976–1988 0.03 <0.01 0.29

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 39 1977–1981 0.05 <0.01 0.34

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 0.02 <0.01 0.34

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 21 1977–2007 <0.01 <0.01 0.13

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 116 1977–2007 0.02 <0.01 0.37

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 26 1977–1982 0.07 <0.01 0.63

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 1 1977 0.10 0.10 0.10

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 0.19 0.06 0.63

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 24 1977–1981 0.06 <0.01 0.36

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 29 1977–1982 0.03 <0.01 0.26

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 16 1978–1982 0.07 0.04 0.43

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 32 1978–1983 0.05 <0.01 0.51

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 63 1970–1982 0.07 <0.01 2.10

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 21 1977–1981 0.05 <0.01 0.41

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 48 1977–1982 0.01 <0.01 0.43

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 31 1977–1982 0.06 <0.01 0.27

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 30 1970–2001 <0.01 <0.01 1.00

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 17 1979–1983 0.10 <0.01 0.52

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 14 1978–1981 0.06 0.02 0.34

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 47 1977–1983 0.10 <0.01 0.35

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 44 1977–1982 0.02 <0.01 0.17

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 <0.01 <0.01 0.07

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 169

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Phosphorus, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 126 1978–2007 <0.01 <0.01 0.10

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 3 1988–1989 0.22 0.09 0.71

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 0.28 0.02 1.80

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 1 1978 0.03 0.03 0.03

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 28 1978–1981 0.02 <0.01 0.16

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 54 1976–1983 0.02 <0.01 0.10

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 <0.01 <0.01 0.69

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 19 2005–2007 <0.01 <0.01 0.08

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 1 1973 0.02 0.02 0.02

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 0.02 <0.01 0.08

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 17 2005–2007 0.02 <0.01 0.09

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 113 1977–2007 <0.01 <0.01 0.17

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 60 1976–1987 0.03 <0.01 0.27

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 33 1985–1995 0.23 0.02 0.84

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 76 1985–2007 0.18 <0.01 0.69

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 150 1985–2008 0.13 <0.01 1.36

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 0.07 0.02 0.41

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 132 1978–2008 0.11 <0.01 1.08

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 104 1984–2007 0.09 <0.01 2.91

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 203 1970–2007 0.13 <0.01 2.06

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 99 1970–2008 0.12 <0.01 1.44

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 75 1974–2004 0.13 <0.01 3.00

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 0.23 0.04 0.61

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 19 1993–2004 0.15 0.03 0.51

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 5 1993–2006 0.09 0.02 0.33

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 0.16 0.03 0.54

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 64 1970–1999 0.15 0.03 0.40

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 102 1975–2004 0.18 0.03 1.20

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 63 1993–2007 0.21 0.03 0.68

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 77 1994–2008 0.19 0.04 1.28

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 96 1970–1977 0.47 0.11 11.00

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 52 2000–2007 0.30 0.11 1.41

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 59 1993–2007 0.27 0.05 0.48

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 2 2003–2004 0.22 0.21 0.23

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 0.20 0.03 0.50

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 25 1993–2007 0.21 0.03 0.51

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 60 1989–2004 0.33 0.06 0.78

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 62 1989–2004 0.40 0.08 1.12

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 2 1993 0.31 0.27 0.34

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
170 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L—Continued

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 56 1989–2004 0.29 0.02 1.19

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 0.38 0.22 0.99

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 50 1989–1997 0.40 0.15 0.92

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 59 1989–1999 0.30 0.06 0.98

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 173 1979–2007 0.21 <0.01 0.57

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 51 1979–1996 0.14 0.03 0.69

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 129 1979–2007 0.24 0.05 0.46

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 11 1993 0.28 0.12 0.46

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 99 1993–2007 0.22 0.06 1.20

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 283 1976–2007 0.18 0.02 1.80

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

15 2003–2007 0.22 0.08 0.72

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2006 0.24 0.04 0.48

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 49 1997–2007 0.26 0.04 11.10

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 31 1993–1999 0.38 0.07 0.89

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 2 1993 0.25 0.23 0.27

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 44 1970–1974 0.30 0.12 0.81

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.51 0.37 0.80

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 140 1978–2007 0.28 0.07 2.70

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 82 1974–1996 0.18 0.04 0.67

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 90 1994–2008 0.09 0.02 0.45

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 114 1970–2008 0.18 0.03 0.68

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 83 1993–2000 0.09 0.02 1.27

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 69 1993–2008 0.15 <0.01 0.50

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 56 1973–2004 0.22 0.08 1.50

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 78 1994–2008 0.11 <0.01 0.44

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 71 1994–2008 0.14 0.02 0.58

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 17 1994–2004 0.17 0.08 0.52

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 11 1994–1995 0.29 0.16 0.46

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 85 1979–1995 0.23 <0.01 1.40

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 86 1994–2008 0.26 0.04 1.34

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 25 1979–2004 0.14 0.04 0.43

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 0.25 0.08 0.51

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 169 1970–2008 0.25 0.02 1.14

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 149 1978–2004 0.19 0.02 0.88

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 0.17 0.08 0.51

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 18 1978–1981 0.17 0.07 0.68

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 341 1974–2008 0.18 0.02 1.90

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 184 1972–1998 0.24 <0.01 2.20

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 138 1981–2007 0.27 0.05 1.70

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 171

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L—Continued

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 151 1981–2008 0.27 0.02 1.34

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 355 1970–2008 0.27 0.02 3.40

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 57 1981–1998 0.09 <0.01 0.42

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 88 1981–2000 0.26 0.04 3.60

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 47 1982–2000 0.20 0.05 0.64

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 29 1986–2000 0.36 0.09 1.10

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 27 1997–2000 0.17 0.03 0.61

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 0.20 0.08 0.40

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 15 1982–1989 0.18 0.09 0.43

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 0.27 0.09 1.10

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 275 1970–2008 0.27 0.02 3.20

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 100 1970–1982 0.10 <0.01 0.69

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 0.09 0.05 0.31

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 28 1977–1981 0.08 0.02 0.45

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 42 1977–1982 0.04 <0.01 0.35

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 167 1970–1996 0.06 <0.01 2.70

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 7 1993 0.38 0.18 0.49

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 7 1993 0.23 0.10 0.44

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 0.28 0.03 0.74

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 44 1977–1983 0.03 <0.01 0.24

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 89 1979–2007 0.11 <0.01 2.93

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 49 1977–1999 0.03 <0.01 0.43

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 207 1974–2007 0.20 <0.01 37.00

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 223 1974–2007 <0.01 <0.01 0.25

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 45 1977–1982 0.08 0.03 0.25

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 15 1975–1981 0.11 0.04 0.84

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 0.08 0.02 0.22

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 15 1977–1981 0.19 0.07 0.58

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 0.07 <0.01 0.47

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 43 1977–1983 0.05 <0.01 0.49

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 90 1974–1988 0.05 <0.01 0.44

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 45 1977–1993 0.11 0.05 0.47

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 0.05 <0.01 0.48

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 173 1974–2007 0.05 <0.01 0.51

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 234 1974–2007 0.06 <0.01 1.02

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 26 1977–1982 0.13 0.04 0.68

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 0.26 0.05 0.75

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 25 1975–1981 0.09 0.05 0.47

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 29 1977–1982 0.12 <0.01 0.80

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 16 1978–1982 0.11 0.05 0.53

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
172 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L—Continued

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 31 1978–1983 0.10 0.04 0.56

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 1 1970 0.07 0.07 0.07

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 21 1977–1981 0.05 0.03 0.47

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 48 1977–1982 0.05 <0.01 0.52

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 31 1977–1982 0.11 0.03 0.83

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.03 <0.01 0.10

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 197 1970–2001 0.03 <0.01 1.50

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 28 1979–1996 0.28 0.06 7.40

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 22 1978–1996 0.25 0.05 0.91

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 48 1975–1983 0.20 0.06 1.90

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 0.10 0.03 0.26

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 44 1977–1982 0.07 <0.01 0.34

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.06 <0.01 0.27

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 0.06 <0.01 0.22

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 0.32 0.29 0.36

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 187 1978–2007 0.03 <0.01 0.84

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 3 1988–1989 0.34 0.15 0.96

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 56 1977–2007 0.36 0.13 2.00

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 140 1974–1981 0.04 <0.01 0.70

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 28 1978–1981 0.05 <0.01 0.42

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 76 1974–1983 0.04 <0.01 0.47

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 0.04 <0.01 0.14

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 0.03 <0.01 0.51

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 39 1977–1981 0.04 <0.01 1.30

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 0.04 <0.01 0.42

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 204 1974–2007 0.05 <0.01 1.10

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 0.50 0.30 0.77

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 77 1974–1987 0.09 0.03 0.66

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 20 1986–1998 0.28 0.09 0.62

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 84 1986–2007 0.26 0.06 0.73

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 82 1986–2008 0.25 0.06 1.11

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 8 1986–1989 0.13 0.08 0.48

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 59 1986–2008 0.34 0.08 1.46

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 0.30 0.12 0.72

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 0.47 0.29 0.71

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 104 1986–2007 0.33 0.06 14.10

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 103 1984–2007 0.50 0.09 4.08

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 0.35 0.16 1.01

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 79 1970–2008 0.33 0.08 1.53

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 10 1998–2004 0.33 0.19 0.79

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 173

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Orthophosphate, dissolved as P, in mg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 7 1973–2004 0.06 <0.02 0.10

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 12 1972–1974 0.04 <0.02 0.21

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 3 1991–2004 <0.02 <0.02 0.15

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 4 1972–1975 0.07 <0.02 0.12

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 5 1972–1975 0.23 <0.02 0.59

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 5 1984–2004 0.13 0.09 0.30

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 12 1991–2004 0.10 0.05 0.30

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 9 1972–1973 0.37 0.11 0.78

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 59 1972–2004 0.17 <0.02 0.55

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 0.03 <0.02 0.08

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 8 1974–2004 0.24 <0.02 0.40

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 59 1972–2001 0.26 <0.02 0.60

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 60 1972–2001 0.30 <0.02 0.97

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 2 1993 0.25 0.20 0.29

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 51 1990–2001 0.21 <0.02 1.07

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 0.24 0.04 0.72

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 48 1992–1997 0.30 <0.02 0.81

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 57 1990–1999 0.19 <0.02 0.70

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 78 1979–2004 0.14 <0.02 0.44

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 53 1972–1995 0.04 <0.02 0.53

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 48 1972–2004 0.13 <0.02 0.28

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 0.22 <0.02 0.39

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 27 1993–2004 0.10 0.03 0.34

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 191 1972–2004 0.05 <0.02 0.31

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

2 2003–2004 0.08 0.03 0.14

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 7 1972–1991 0.13 <0.02 0.20

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 3 1972–1975 0.14 <0.02 0.16

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 14 1972–1974 0.10 <0.02 0.31

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 0.17 <0.02 0.20

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 4 1972–1975 0.11 <0.02 0.22

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 12 1972–1974 0.12 0.03 0.48

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 89 1972–2004 0.13 <0.02 0.55

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 42 1980–1996 0.09 <0.02 0.47

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 10 1971–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.42

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 14 1971–2004 0.03 <0.02 0.91

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 36 1974–2004 0.10 0.03 0.33

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 82 1993–2000 0.07 <0.02 0.35

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 29 1971–1982 0.07 <0.02 0.45

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 4 1976–2004 0.09 0.07 0.11

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
174 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Orthophosphate, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 3 1972–1975 0.14 <0.02 0.23

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 12 1972–1975 0.04 <0.02 0.16

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 25 1971–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.13

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 5 1972–1981 0.19 <0.02 0.22

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 6 1972–1980 0.11 <0.02 0.36

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 12 1978–1980 0.20 0.03 0.47

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 11 1972–1979 0.14 <0.02 0.28

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 7 1971–1975 0.04 <0.02 0.25

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 7 1972–2004 0.11 <0.02 0.17

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 2 1974–1975 0.13 0.05 0.22

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 4 1972–1975 0.08 <0.02 0.39

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 3 1972–1975 0.11 <0.02 0.39

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 51 1976–1979 0.11 0.03 0.49

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 65 1973–1995 0.13 0.03 0.58

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 143 1976–1995 0.10 <0.02 0.57

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 5 1972–1975 0.13 <0.02 0.20

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 20 1972–1980 0.06 <0.02 0.16

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 60 1972–2000 0.12 <0.02 0.34

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 104 1981–2004 0.10 <0.02 0.35

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 16 1972–1984 0.06 <0.02 0.29

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 76 1972–2007 0.08 <0.02 0.90

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 136 1972–1991 0.10 <0.02 1.20

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 43 1972–1991 0.12 <0.02 1.20

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 21 1971–2007 0.11 <0.02 0.48

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 133 1972–2007 0.15 <0.02 2.70

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 57 1972–1991 0.04 <0.02 0.33

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 17 1971–1983 0.08 <0.02 0.82

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 23 1972–1989 0.10 <0.02 0.29

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 8 1986–1989 0.37 0.19 1.00

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 0.04 <0.02 0.07

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 4 1972–1974 0.88 <0.02 1.11

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 3 1972–1973 0.25 <0.02 0.91

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 1 1975 0.07 0.07 0.07

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 12 1986–1989 0.08 0.04 0.33

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 14 1972–1990 0.11 <0.02 0.46

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 119 1972–1994 0.11 <0.02 2.90

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 0.03 <0.02 0.07

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 16 1975–1976 <0.02 <0.02 0.06

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 16 1972–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.09

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 5 1973–1975 0.18 0.10 0.30

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 175

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Orthophosphate, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 82 1979–1996 <0.02 <0.02 0.42

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 0.05 <0.02 0.15

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 47 1991–2000 0.21 <0.02 0.64

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 44 1991–2000 0.08 <0.02 0.39

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 15 1972–1975 0.04 <0.02 0.16

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 4 1972–1974 0.04 <0.02 0.13

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 57 1971–1994 <0.02 <0.02 0.11

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 132 1977–2007 <0.02 <0.02 0.06

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 16 1972–1975 0.06 <0.02 0.22

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 14 1972–1975 0.04 <0.02 0.11

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 4 1973–1975 0.07 0.06 0.10

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 17 1971–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.10

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 16 1975–1990 <0.02 <0.02 0.08

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 30 1972–1976 <0.02 <0.02 0.08

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 3 1972–1974 <0.02 <0.02 0.03

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 58 1971–1993 <0.02 <0.02 0.32

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 1 1981 0.08 0.08 0.08

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 96 1987–2003 0.08 <0.02 0.59

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 129 1982–2003 <0.02 <0.02 0.39

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 16 1972–1983 <0.02 <0.02 0.04

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 4 1972–1975 0.04 <0.02 0.07

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 22 1973–1976 <0.02 <0.02 0.09

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 1 1984 0.07 0.07 0.07

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 17 1972–1975 0.03 <0.02 0.36

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 19 1971–1974 <0.02 <0.02 0.05

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 17 1972–1975 0.03 <0.02 0.11

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 7 1972–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.04

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 18 1971–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.03

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.09

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 80 1971–1993 <0.02 <0.02 0.03

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 63 1972–1984 0.24 <0.02 1.20

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 14 1975–1977 <0.02 <0.02 0.05

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 17 1975–1976 <0.02 <0.02 0.10

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 10 1971–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.08

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 26 1972–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.07

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 5 1972–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.39

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 17 1972–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.08

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 29 1971–1975 <0.02 <0.02 0.12

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 6 1972–1975 0.03 <0.02 0.15

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 59 1971–1992 <0.02 <0.02 0.10

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
176 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Orthophosphate, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 16 1972–1975 0.18 <0.02 0.43

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 36 1991–1999 <0.02 <0.02 0.14

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 13 1975–1976 <0.02 <0.02 0.06

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 33 1972–1995 0.20 <0.02 0.88

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 59 1972–1995 0.11 <0.02 0.66

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 155 1985–2008 0.09 <0.02 1.20

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 0.04 <0.02 0.35

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 103 1986–2008 0.10 <0.02 0.99

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 3 1974–1975 0.23 0.19 0.23

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 4 1972–1974 0.09 <0.02 0.26

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 82 1972–1995 0.07 <0.02 0.55

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 69 1981–1995 0.11 <0.02 0.41

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 105 1972–2008 0.10 <0.02 1.47

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 1 1981 0.28 0.28 0.28

Organic carbon, dissolved as C, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 11 2006–2007 12.8 7.0 13.9

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 1991 8.8 8.8 8.8

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 8.6 8.6 8.6

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 12 2000–2007 8.0 6.2 9.9

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 68 1975–1986 9.8 6.5 27.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 14 1994–2007 12.5 7.2 15.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 27 1991–2008 8.4 6.2 10.4

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 3 1977 10.0 8.9 10.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 12 2006–2007 8.3 7.2 10.4

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 2 2006 11.3 10.3 12.3

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 1993–2007 13.3 5.9 17.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 83 1979–2007 14.0 5.0 34.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 37 1979–1981 12.0 3.3 41.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 42 1979–2007 11.7 6.8 28.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 23 1993–2007 9.1 6.7 12.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 67 1976–2007 8.9 4.7 25.0

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 8.7 8.7 8.7

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 11 2006–2007 10.5 8.1 15.0

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 37 1978–1995 10.0 7.4 39.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 4 1981–1982 19.0 14.0 23.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 22 1994–2008 8.6 6.6 13.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 33 1991–2008 8.8 6.3 14.0

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 37 1993–1997 8.2 4.3 18.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 22 2006–2008 8.5 5.1 14.7

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 2 1977 10.9 9.7 12.0

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 177

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Organic carbon, dissolved as C, in mg/L—Continued

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 33 1974–2008 6.2 3.2 19.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 23 2006–2008 7.8 6.7 10.4

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 1 1991 9.1 9.1 9.1

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 66 1979–1995 11.0 2.6 36.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 23 2006–2008 7.2 4.5 11.7

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 8 1979–1980 16.0 8.0 150.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 42 1994–2008 10.0 6.8 14.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 52 1978–1996 12.0 8.7 41.0

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 19 1978–1981 24.0 4.6 49.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 26 1978–1983 11.0 7.1 71.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 8 1978–1980 16.0 11.0 71.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 16.4 10.3 24.7

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 18 1981–2007 15.0 10.0 22.6

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 14.4 11.7 21.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 4 1983 13.0 12.0 14.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 51 1978–1983 16.0 7.1 35.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 82 1975–1982 4.9 2.8 37.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 28 1977–1981 13.0 8.3 97.0

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 42 1977–1982 11.0 5.2 40.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 4 1980–1982 21.0 13.0 50.0

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 45 1977–1983 18.0 0.8 33.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 13 1979–2007 8.8 5.3 14.3

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 12.0 5.1 30.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 38 1977–2007 9.7 5.4 28.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 117 1975–2007 3.3 2.2 30.0

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 44 1977–1982 15.0 8.4 110.0

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 15 1975–1981 22.0 15.0 46.0

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 41 1977–1981 13.0 7.5 42.0

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 15 1977–1981 17.0 9.6 31.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 17.0 14.0 20.6

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 43 1977–1983 12.0 0.8 43.0

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 87 1974–1988 11.0 5.0 40.0

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 38 1977–1981 18.0 3.8 39.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 13.5 2.1 40.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 94 1975–2007 11.0 4.5 42.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 73 1975–2007 10.0 1.0 45.0

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 26 1977–1982 16.5 8.7 33.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 1 1977 9.5 9.5 9.5

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 14 1978–1983 17.0 10.0 26.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 25 1975–1981 23.0 10.0 41.0

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
178 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Organic carbon, dissolved as C, in mg/L—Continued

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 28 1977–1982 23.5 7.6 50.0

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 16 1978–1982 18.0 7.7 29.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 32 1978–1983 20.0 11.0 65.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 21 1977–1981 14.0 7.8 39.0

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 47 1977–1982 10.0 5.2 47.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 30 1977–1982 18.0 7.6 39.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 69 1975–1980 3.7 2.4 15.0

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 17 1979–1983 14.0 3.8 39.0

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 14 1978–1981 21.5 8.9 42.0

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 48 1975–1983 17.0 1.0 44.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 46 1977–1982 12.0 5.4 28.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 11.4 9.6 15.7

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 39 1978–2007 7.9 3.7 24.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 11 1977–1979 13.0 7.3 20.0

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 57 1975–1979 3.7 2.5 10.0

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 27 1978–1981 17.0 7.5 66.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 74 1974–1983 16.0 8.3 37.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 12.5 8.7 120.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 12.3 8.3 25.9

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 37 1977–1981 15.0 5.5 41.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 12 2006–2007 12.8 8.0 18.0

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 42 1975–2007 9.6 7.1 28.0

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 75 1974–1987 30.0 13.0 77.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 17.9 5.3 26.2

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 12.7 5.3 16.4

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 11.4 6.3 14.8

Organic carbon, total as C, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 13 2006–2007 11.5 6.9 14.4

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 8.6 8.6 8.6

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 14 2000–2007 7.9 6.3 9.0

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2 1970 9.0 9.0 9.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 12.0 8.1 13.7

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 27 2006–2008 7.8 5.6 9.6

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 17 1970–1977 12.0 7.0 22.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 7.7 6.7 10.2

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 2 2006 11.3 10.1 12.4

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 12 2006–2007 11.6 5.8 16.3

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 9.6 5.0 15.2

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 10.6 9.1 12.6

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
Appendix 1 179

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Organic carbon, total as C, in mg/L—Continued

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 8.0 6.5 12.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 34 1978–2007 8.7 2.8 43.0

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 8.5 8.5 8.5

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 11.0 7.2 16.3

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 2 1970 17.0 13.0 21.0

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 17 1979–1981 15.0 7.8 28.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 7 1973–1982 17.0 12.0 22.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 22 2006–2008 8.6 7.5 11.5

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 24 2006–2008 8.0 5.3 10.6

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 22 2006–2008 8.8 4.9 13.4

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 18 1973–1977 15.5 11.0 33.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 23 2006–2008 5.5 3.2 10.8

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 23 2006–2008 7.8 6.7 9.7

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 23 2006–2008 7.0 4.2 10.6

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 25 1970–2008 8.0 6.7 15.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 16 1979–1981 15.5 7.4 35.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 233 1974–2008 16.0 3.2 52.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 48 1974–1998 17.5 12.0 43.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 17.3 10.1 29.3

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 78 1981–2008 17.8 2.1 33.4

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 125 1970–2008 15.0 9.0 34.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 43 1992–1998 16.0 8.6 33.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 6 1992–1993 19.0 14.0 23.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 5 1992–1993 18.0 13.0 24.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 6 1992–1993 17.5 10.0 29.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 123 1970–2008 21.0 1.2 62.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 7 1970–1981 6.0 2.9 12.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 18 1972–1993 16.0 11.0 38.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 5 1993 24.0 22.0 27.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 5 1993 22.0 19.0 24.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 7.5 5.0 10.6

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 45 1974–2007 13.0 1.6 125.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 21 1974–1981 5.0 2.7 9.4

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 16.1 13.4 20.2

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 1 1975 14.0 14.0 14.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 14 2006–2007 11.0 7.9 13.8

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 36 1974–2007 12.0 2.9 33.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 72 1970–1978 4.2 2.1 17.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 12.3 10.1 18.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 24 1979–2007 7.6 3.1 19.0

Table 1–2. Summary statistics for nutrient constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[N, nitrogen; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than; --, not available; P, phosphorus; C, carbon]
180 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Organic carbon, total as C, in mg/L—Continued

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 67 1974–1978 4.0 2.0 58.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 13 2006–2007 10.2 4.6 22.8

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 12 2006–2007 11.6 6.9 18.4

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 45 1974–2007 12.0 5.0 35.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 4 1987–1989 14.5 14.0 17.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 22 1987–2007 17.6 5.5 28.4

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 13 1987–1993 15.0 11.0 23.0

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 5 1987–1989 15.0 12.0 17.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 4 1987–1993 16.0 15.0 20.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 33 1987–2007 12.8 5.1 16.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 36 1980–2007 13.0 5.6 27.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 22 1970–1994 14.5 4.6 22.0
Appendix 1 181

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Aluminum, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 705 113 5,090

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 238 238 238

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 52 2000–2007 659 <100 5,470

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 43 2000–2007 1,530 138 6,640

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 <100 <100 <100

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 2,800 <100 15,400

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 5 2006–2007 3,380 1,750 11,300

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 44 1997–2006 688 141 2,420

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 577 148 1,650

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 73 1997–2007 831 129 5,140

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 65 1997–2007 103 <100 2,150

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 870 <100 9,090

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 65 1997–2007 1,190 117 15,900

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 3,140 752 12,600

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 1,720 1,720 1,720

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 1,570 153 12,000

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 4,720 2,600 13,100

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 61 1997–2007 777 <100 8,690

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 47 1997–2006 1,440 <100 15,000

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1997–2006 513 <100 6,520

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 39 1997–2006 416 <100 7,790

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 35 1997–2006 377 <100 17,000

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 44 1997–2006 1,255 <100 44,400

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 58 1997–2007 2,565 <100 22,200

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 160 <100 606

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 97 1993–2008 154 <100 1,084

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 28 1993–1998 <100 <100 384

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 78 1997–2007 515 194 3,920

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 122 1997–2008 <100 <100 1,013

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 162 1993–2008 313 <100 13,000

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 101 <100 114

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 32 1993–1998 235 <100 743

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 8 1993–1997 204 <100 332

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 3 1993 <100 <100 170

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 6 1997 <100 <100 181

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 3 1993 <100 <100 160

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 19 1995–2008 326 <100 1,361

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 369 261 2,700

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 20,050 1,090 80,000

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
182 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Aluminum, total, in μg/L—Continued

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 70 1997–2007 6,430 <100 509,000

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 185 <100 1,840

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 12,350 150 657,000

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 1,415 160 19,000

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 215 <100 7,550

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 71 1997–2007 484 <100 29,600

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 528 <100 6,000

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 65 1997–2007 272 <100 24,400

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 57 1997–2007 1,430 116 25,300

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 49 1997–2007 780 171 25,600

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 59 1997–2007 1,230 <100 99,000

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 <100 <100 207

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 269 <100 1,520

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 239 107 642

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 210 103 421

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 299 <100 1,300

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 68 1997–2007 767 <100 5,900

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 451 138 1,050

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 786 177 1,130

Arsenic, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 6.1 2.9 30.0

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2 1996 7.2 4.1 10.4

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 24.9 24.9 24.9

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 54 1996–2007 3.3 1.5 9.6

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 20 1997–1999 3.0 1.5 7.3

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 4.2 <1.0 7.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 45 1996–2007 7.4 3.3 19.7

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 3.8 2.5 4.7

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 5.2 1.8 8.2

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 31 1996–2007 4.8 2.0 7.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 5.1 2.4 14.7

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 6.0 2.6 13.8

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 74 1996–2007 5.0 <1.0 12.8

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1 1996 3.1 3.1 3.1

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 67 1996–2007 4.8 1.9 14.7

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 5.9 2.0 9.9

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 6.8 3.0 15.9

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 8.1 <1.0 10.4

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 6.4 3.5 11.7

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 183

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Arsenic, total, in μg/L—Continued

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 7.9 <1.0 27.0

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 7.2 3.9 12.0

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 6.2 2.4 8.5

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 5.1 2.5 12.2

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 47 1997–2006 4.3 1.3 10.3

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1997–2006 4.6 <1.0 16.2

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 43 1996–2006 3.7 1.4 11.3

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 37 1996–2006 3.4 1.5 13.3

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 5 1996 3.8 3.1 5.6

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 47 1996–2006 5.4 <1.0 27.7

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 58 1997–2007 5.5 1.4 12.7

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 6.0 3.2 11.8

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 112 1993–2008 3.3 <1.0 28.3

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 35 1993–1998 6.3 1.6 15.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 83 1996–2007 5.4 <1.0 27.4

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 128 1996–2008 6.0 1.8 18.8

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 174 1993–2008 4.7 <1.0 24.4

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 2.9 <1.0 6.9

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 65 1993–2000 4.0 <1.0 13.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 29 1993–2000 5.0 1.6 8.8

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 19 1993–2000 5.2 2.0 11.2

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 26 1997–2000 4.1 <1.0 5.7

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 3.4 1.2 5.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 19 1993–2000 5.4 2.0 11.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 20 1995–2008 5.1 2.0 12.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 5.5 1.5 7.4

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 8.2 1.3 28.4

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 74 1996–2007 4.0 <1.0 226.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 1.6 <1.0 3.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 69 1996–2007 6.9 <1.0 266.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 7 1999–2000 2.0 1.7 2.7

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 3.0 <1.0 14.3

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 1.9 <1.0 7.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 76 1996–2007 2.2 <1.0 13.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 23 1999–2001 2.0 <1.0 2.5

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 2.0 <1.0 8.2

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 1.3 <1.0 7.9

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 62 1996–2007 2.1 <1.0 23.1

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 54 1996–2007 2.5 <1.0 7.2

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 2.2 <1.0 26.7

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
184 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Arsenic, total, in μg/L—Continued

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 14 1993–1998 4.2 2.0 6.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 69 1993–2007 4.3 2.0 18.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 47 1993–2006 3.7 1.4 9.5

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 36 1993–2006 4.0 <1.0 19.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 5.3 1.5 11.7

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 84 1993–2007 3.9 <1.0 9.6

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 81 1993–2007 4.9 1.7 13.8

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 5.0 2.0 8.6

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1993–1995 3.0 2.0 5.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 4.1 2.0 6.1

Arsenic, dissolved, in μg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 4.0 2.0 7.0

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 1 2005 2.9 2.9 2.9

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 4.0 1.9 6.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 28 1993–2008 5.0 <1.0 13.0

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 4.5 2.7 16.5

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 5.6 3.0 20.9

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 56 1993–2008 4.5 <1.0 13.3

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 1 2005 3.6 3.6 3.6

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 7 2005–2006 3.4 3.2 6.9

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 4.0 <1.0 12.5

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 2 2005 5.2 4.6 5.8

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 37 1993–2008 5.3 <1.0 14.1

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 4.6 <1.0 12.0

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 73 1993–2008 4.0 <1.0 9.0

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 75 1993–2008 4.1 <1.0 13.0

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 4.2 2.0 11.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 67 1993–2008 6.0 2.0 12.0

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 5.0 2.0 12.3

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 6.1 1.5 17.0

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 11 1993–1998 4.0 2.0 8.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 43 1993–1997 4.0 <1.0 7.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 63 1993–2008 5.0 2.0 14.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 20.1 6.0 28.7

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 39 1993–2008 5.1 <1.0 19.3

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 3.5 <1.0 7.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 40 1993–2008 5.0 <1.0 19.4

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 13 1994–2005 3.0 <1.0 8.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 31 1996–2008 5.0 <1.0 9.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 25 1996–2008 5.0 2.0 10.0

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 185

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Arsenic, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

35 1993–2008 5.4 <1.0 11.0

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 4.4 2.0 8.5

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 16 1993–2008 6.3 3.0 10.0

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 22 1993–2008 3.4 <1.0 13.1

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 5.0 3.0 10.5

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 17 1995–2008 8.0 3.0 15.3

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 28 1995–2008 6.1 3.0 17.7

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 6 2000–2005 4.0 3.0 5.0

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 6.5 2.0 21.9

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 31 1996–2008 5.0 2.0 19.6

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 11 1998–2003 5.0 <1.0 18.5

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 39 1993–2008 4.2 2.0 11.9

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 47 1996–2008 4.0 <1.0 9.0

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 17 1996–2008 4.0 2.0 11.4

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 6.8 3.2 22.4

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 12 1993–2005 3.5 2.0 7.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 3.0 <1.0 7.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 54 1993–2008 3.2 <1.0 20.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 3.0 <1.0 7.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 53 1993–2008 3.6 <1.0 11.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 30 1993–2008 4.0 <1.0 7.2

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 4 1993–1995 3.0 <1.0 6.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 3.5 <1.0 5.8

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 4.3 2.0 6.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 52 1993–2008 4.0 <1.0 11.1

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 3.0 <1.0 12.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 37 2001–2008 4.0 2.0 7.8

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 38 1993–2008 4.4 <1.0 21.6

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 29 1997–2008 6.5 <1.0 21.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 41 1993–2008 5.0 <1.0 28.4

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 21 1993–1998 7.0 <1.0 15.0

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 13 1993–2005 2.0 <1.0 7.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 9 1997–1998 6.2 2.2 8.3

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 40 1993–2008 3.5 <1.0 11.9

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 27 1997–2008 6.1 <1.0 21.5

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 32 1994–2008 5.0 <1.0 13.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 30 1993–2007 3.3 <1.0 9.3

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 1 1994 2.0 2.0 2.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 11 1997–2001 5.2 <1.0 6.8

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
186 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Arsenic, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 39 1993–2008 4.0 <1.0 12.6

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 21 1997–2008 2.2 <1.0 8.2

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 43 1993–2008 4.0 <1.0 9.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 44 1993–2008 4.9 <1.0 441.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 41 1993–2008 1.9 <1.0 6.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 26 1999–2008 1.7 <1.0 3.3

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 36 1993–2008 1.1 <1.0 3.5

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 36 1995–2008 1.8 <1.0 8.3

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 57 1996–2007 2.0 <1.0 3.0

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 1.3 <1.0 9.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1993–2008 1.7 <1.0 13.7

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 37 1993–2008 1.1 <1.0 6.7

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 36 1994–2008 1.4 <1.0 4.7

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 30 1993–2008 2.0 <1.0 5.8

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 1.7 <1.0 5.6

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 23 1993–2008 2.0 <1.0 3.7

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 12 1993–2005 2.7 <1.0 15.0

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 1.5 <1.0 2.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 6.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 5.4

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 6.5

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 18 1999–2008 <1.0 <1.0 3.8

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 3.0 <1.0 18.5

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 6 1993–1995 <1.0 <1.0 2.0

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 3.8

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 13 2002–2008 2.0 <1.0 14.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 38 1994–2008 <1.0 <1.0 6.3

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 4.5 <1.0 17.3

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 5.0 <1.0 30.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 5.3

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 21 2001–2008 1.4 <1.0 5.1

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 5 1993–1995 2.0 <1.0 5.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 2.0 <1.0 16.3

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 1.2 <1.0 4.6

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 40 1993–2008 1.1 <1.0 8.9

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 6.0 <1.0 14.4

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 35 1993–1999 <1.0 <1.0 5.2

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 22 1993–1998 5.0 <1.0 7.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 61 1993–2008 4.0 <1.0 17.8

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 129 1993–2008 3.6 <1.0 10.0

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 187

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Arsenic, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 87 1993–2008 4.4 1.8 17.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 40 1993–2008 5.0 <1.0 16.4

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 63 1993–2008 3.0 <1.0 10.8

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 59 1993–2008 4.0 <1.0 12.2

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 40 1993–2008 4.7 <1.0 16.1

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 28 1993–2008 3.0 2.0 10.7

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 22 1998–2008 4.3 <1.0 23.0

Barium, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 <100 <100 160

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2 1996 <100 <100 <100

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 <100 <100 <100

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 54 1996–2007 <100 <100 116

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 45 1996–2007 102 <100 188

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 5 1996 <100 <100 <100

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 <100 <100 163

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 5 1996 <100 <100 110

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 <100 <100 126

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 <100 <100 148

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 69 1996–2007 <100 <100 114

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1 1996 <100 <100 <100

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 62 1996–2007 <100 <100 <100

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 <100 <100 154

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 102 <100 256

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 144 114 211

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 103 <100 134

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 <100 <100 161

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 105 <100 136

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 <100 <100 167

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 46 1997–2006 <100 <100 164

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 37 1997–2006 <100 <100 122

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 42 1996–2006 <100 <100 153

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 36 1996–2006 <100 <100 204

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 5 1996 <100 <100 103

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 46 1996–2006 <100 <100 618

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 52 1997–2006 <100 <100 238

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 <100 <100 <100

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 121 1993–2008 <100 <100 225

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 <100 <100 146

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 83 1996–2007 <100 <100 171

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
188 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Barium, total, in μg/L—Continued

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 69 1996–2007 <100 <100 304

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 <100 <100 144

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 117 <100 178

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 9 1997–1998 107 <100 154

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 5 1997 <100 <100 <100

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 3 1993 <100 <100 <100

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 6 1997 <100 <100 <100

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 3 1993 <100 <100 <100

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 <100 <100 249

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 <100 <100 <100

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 241 <100 699

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 114 <100 3,600

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 <100 <100 <100

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 69 1996–2007 185 <100 4,320

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <100 <100 207

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 <100 <100 185

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 76 1996–2007 <100 <100 405

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <100 <100 141

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <100 <100 208

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 62 1996–2007 <100 <100 375

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 54 1996–2007 <100 <100 199

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 <100 <100 731

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 <100 <100 <100

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <100 <100 201

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <100 <100 138

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <100 <100 122

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 <100 <100 149

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 <100 <100 188

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <100 <100 134

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 <100 <100 126

Chromium, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 <1.2 <1.2 6.7

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2 1996 1.8 <1.2 2.5

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 1.3 1.3 1.3

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 54 1996–2007 <1.2 <1.2 7.5

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 45 1996–2007 2.2 <1.2 8.6

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 1.9 <1.2 3.7

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 4.1 <1.2 21.2

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1996–2007 5.1 1.5 13.6

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 <1.2 <1.2 3.2

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 189

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Chromium, total, in μg/L—Continued

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 <1.2 <1.2 3.8

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 74 1996–2007 1.3 <1.2 6.4

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1 1996 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 67 1996–2007 <1.2 <1.2 5.7

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 1.5 <1.2 13.1

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 1.8 <1.2 23.1

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 4.9 3.2 15.8

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 4.9 <1.2 6.6

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 2.3 <1.2 16.4

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 6.8 3.3 15.8

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 1.4 <1.2 13.9

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 47 1997–2006 2.3 <1.2 21.1

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1997–2006 <1.2 <1.2 9.9

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 43 1996–2006 <1.2 <1.2 11.1

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 37 1996–2006 <1.2 <1.2 23.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 5 1996 3.6 <1.2 6.3

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 47 1996–2006 2.4 <1.2 79.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 58 1997–2007 4.5 <1.2 36.3

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 <1.2 <1.2 1.8

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 98 1993–2008 <1.2 <1.2 2.3

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 35 1993–1998 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 83 1996–2007 <1.2 <1.2 4.6

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 117 1996–2008 <1.2 <1.2 7.4

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 154 1993–2008 <1.2 <1.2 20.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 <1.2 <1.2 1.8

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 45 1993–1998 <1.2 <1.2 14.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 8 1993–1997 <1.2 <1.2 3.6

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 6 1997 <1.2 <1.2 1.6

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 18 1995–2008 <1.2 <1.2 2.3

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 <1.2 <1.2 3.5

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 21.0 1.4 84.3

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 74 1996–2007 8.8 <1.2 708.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 <1.2 <1.2 2.3

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 69 1996–2007 15.1 <1.2 845.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 2.2 <1.2 19.2

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 <1.2 <1.2 9.5

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 76 1996–2007 <1.2 <1.2 32.3

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
190 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Chromium, total, in μg/L—Continued

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <1.2 <1.2 9.5

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <1.2 <1.2 22.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 62 1996–2007 1.8 <1.2 30.8

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 54 1996–2007 1.4 <1.2 29.0

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 2.0 <1.2 111.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <1.2 <1.2 6.3

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 <1.2 <1.2 49.8

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 1.4 <1.2 162.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <1.2 <1.2 1.3

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 1.3 <1.2 1.9

Copper, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 2.5 <1.0 7.3

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 54 1996–2007 1.9 <1.0 6.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 1.0 1.0 1.0

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 5 2006–2007 7.8 5.5 9.8

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 3.2 <1.0 11.9

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 5 2006–2007 4.0 3.2 114.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 5 2006–2007 2.0 1.6 3.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 5.4 4.2 14.9

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 6.5 5.1 12.3

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 1 2006 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 1 2006 5.8 5.8 5.8

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 1 2006 <1.0 <1.0 1.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 1 2006 2.1 2.1 2.1

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 1 2006 1.7 1.7 1.7

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 6 2006–2007 7.0 1.0 15.3

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 114 1993–2008 2.6 <1.0 18.6

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 25 1993–1998 2.0 <1.0 39.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 51 1999–2008 2.5 <1.0 11.8

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 104 1993–2008 3.1 <1.0 17.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 37 1993–1998 2.0 <1.0 5.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 3 1993 2.0 2.0 3.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 3 1993 2.0 <1.0 3.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 3 1993 2.0 <1.0 3.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 13 1995–2008 3.8 <1.0 7.2

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 191

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Copper, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.1 <1.0 2.2

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 1 2005 1.6 1.6 1.6

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.8 <1.0 5.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 2.7 1.5 17.0

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 2.8 1.8 21.5

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 2.5 <1.0 27.4

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 38 2005–2008 1.8 <1.0 7.4

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 1 2005 2.4 2.4 2.4

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 7 2005–2006 2.3 1.0 2.9

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 20 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 7.5

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 2 2005 4.0 2.8 5.2

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 12 2005–2008 2.2 <1.0 4.8

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 2.6 1.3 4.1

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 16 2005–2008 2.1 1.0 3.7

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 17 2005–2008 3.1 1.9 4.2

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 2.6 2.0 4.5

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 16 2005–2008 3.3 2.3 4.9

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 2.2 <1.0 3.3

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 5 2005–2008 1.8 1.2 3.8

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 2.4 2.0 5.1

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 6 2005–2007 7.8 3.9 20.8

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 18 2005–2008 2.5 <1.0 4.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.5 <1.0 1.8

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 19 2005–2008 2.3 <1.0 6.2

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 1 2005 4.1 4.1 4.1

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 14 2005–2008 3.0 2.0 15.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 2.4 <1.0 5.8

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

14 2005–2008 2.6 <1.0 10.1

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 4 2005–2007 3.3 2.3 3.5

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 4 2006–2008 2.0 <1.0 6.0

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 6 2005–2008 2.8 2.0 8.7

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.9 <1.0 30.9

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 3.2 1.8 31.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 3.2 2.1 18.5

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 1 2005 2.2 2.2 2.2

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.4 <1.0 28.1

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 13 2005–2008 2.5 <1.0 6.6

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 15 2005–2008 2.0 <1.0 6.1

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 2.3 <1.0 3.4

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
192 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Copper, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.5 <1.0 2.1

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 3.6 <1.0 13.2

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 1 2005 2.3 2.3 2.3

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.6 <1.0 4.2

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 1.5 <1.0 3.3

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 2.4 <1.0 4.3

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 3.0 2.1 4.4

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 2.5 1.9 4.6

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 2.3 <1.0 4.9

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 2.5 <1.0 4.3

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.6 <1.0 2.8

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 33 2005–2008 2.7 1.3 5.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 17 1997–2008 4.9 1.1 8.8

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 17 1997–2008 2.6 1.7 3.9

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 17 1997–2008 4.7 2.2 7.6

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 9 1997–1998 4.5 2.2 5.6

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 1 2005 4.0 4.0 4.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 9 1997–1998 4.4 2.7 5.5

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 17 1997–2008 2.8 <1.0 8.8

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 17 1997–2008 3.2 <1.0 4.7

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 13 1997–2008 3.0 1.3 5.9

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 11 1997–2007 2.0 1.5 3.6

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 3.9 3.2 6.8

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 17 1999–2008 3.2 1.2 7.6

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 7.2 4.0 20.5

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 5 2005–2008 7.2 3.6 8.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 3.8 2.2 10.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 17 1999–2008 6.2 3.1 26.8

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 18 1999–2008 4.7 3.3 13.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 17 1999–2008 4.0 2.8 7.8

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 18 1999–2008 5.6 3.1 16.3

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 1.9 1.2 2.4

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 5.6 3.2 9.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 14 2005–2008 6.2 4.2 10.1

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 14 2005–2008 3.7 2.2 5.4

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 14 2005–2008 3.7 2.8 7.5

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 3.1 2.1 5.5

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 6 2005–2008 2.3 1.4 25.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 1.8 1.3 3.1

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 1 2005 6.7 6.7 6.7

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 193

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Copper, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 3.7 1.2 16.3

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 11 2005–2008 3.7 2.3 19.2

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 3.7 2.4 21.1

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 1.9 <1.0 38.6

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 6.4 2.9 12.5

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 4.2 1.8 4.9

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 4.4 2.0 42.9

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 14 2005–2008 3.8 2.0 6.2

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 3.7 1.7 5.5

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 4.6 2.1 17.9

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 15 2005–2008 4.5 <1.0 27.4

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 4.9 2.1 18.1

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 14 2005–2008 5.4 2.5 11.6

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 15 2005–2008 5.0 2.8 16.1

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 3.9 <1.0 8.8

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 1.9 1.0 2.2

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 21 1998–2008 1.8 <1.0 4.4

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 4.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 2.2

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 1.7 <1.0 9.4

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 30 1993–2008 1.4 <1.0 2.9

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 36 1993–2008 1.8 <1.0 13.9

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 1.7 <1.0 4.5

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 20 1993–2006 2.0 <1.0 7.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 16 1998–2008 1.7 <1.0 4.6

Iron, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 955 230 5,940

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 17 1993–1996 400 <10 2,150

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 505 302 1,510

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 806 168 6,190

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 20 1997–1999 1,011 159 2,090

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 2,540 204 11,900

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 1,605 251 7,510

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 19 1994–2006 1,410 <10 4,630

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 2,960 180 17,700

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 52 1993–2007 2,725 <10 8,760

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 701 142 3,010

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 18 2001–2007 585 <10 2,530

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 2 2001 1,455 <10 2,900

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 85 1994–2007 857 145 5,520

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
194 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Iron, total, in μg/L—Continued

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 3 1993–1996 161 64 291

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 80 1994–2007 134 <10 2,620

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 4 1993 691 83 1,210

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 1,010 68 11,400

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 72 1996–2007 1,730 322 20,700

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 2,800 481 5,020

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2006 1,620 377 5,750

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 1,680 165 13,800

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 31 1993–1999 3,160 <10 9,760

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 7 2001–2007 5,100 2,850 16,000

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 1,030 66 12,100

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 48 1997–2006 1,830 18 18,100

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 39 1993–2006 742 55 9,870

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 48 1994–2006 522 <10 10,500

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 41 1994–2006 578 <10 22,600

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 15 1994–1996 1,810 671 4,810

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 56 1994–2006 1,200 <10 50,200

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 1 1993 649 649 649

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 59 1997–2007 3,220 <10 26,900

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 2 2001 11 <10 11

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 481 236 1,010

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 120 1993–2008 554 16 4,717

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 35 1993–1998 170 32 579

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 97 1993–2007 858 68 4,180

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 136 1994–2008 305 33 1,726

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 177 1993–2008 709 147 21,000

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 353 201 426

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 64 1993–2000 790 140 4,380

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 30 1993–2000 497 19 1,600

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 19 1993–2000 226 42 2,490

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 28 1997–2000 195 55 1,740

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 50 <10 4,660

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 19 1993–2000 272 61 4,320

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 21 1995–2008 500 121 2,130

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 783 384 3,470

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 20,150 984 82,900

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 88 1993–2007 5,650 <10 892,000

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 273 113 2,420

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 10,800 <10 960,000

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 195

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Iron, total, in μg/L—Continued

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 8 1999–2000 74 16 260

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 1,865 430 21,700

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 6 1993 879 372 1,140

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 77 1993–2007 593 275 10,600

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 94 1993–2007 782 273 39,200

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 4 1993 860 318 1,440

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 25 1994–2001 420 <10 2,020

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 788 285 5,140

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 76 1994–2007 838 143 8,540

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 1,350 1,050 1,740

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 81 1994–2007 422 157 23,200

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 4 1993 1,173 532 1,840

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 76 1993–2007 1,130 126 41,700

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 68 1993–2007 919 124 34,600

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 74 1994–2007 1,004 12 91,800

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 1,350 714 3,490

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 170 123 438

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 458 98 1,640

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 12 1993–1999 375 170 1,050

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 2 1993 170 140 200

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 17 1994–1999 397 131 1,530

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 78 1993–2007 532 185 1,870

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 78 1993–2007 1,280 238 7,170

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 596 179 1,330

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 8 1993–1994 503 260 1,300

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 1,130 298 1,760

Iron, dissolved, in μg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 33 1993–2008 <50 <50 337

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 27 1993–2006 <50 <50 100

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 25 1993–2008 <50 <50 109

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 9 2001–2006 <50 <50 <50

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 36 1993–2008 <50 <50 100

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 58 1993–2008 <50 <50 127

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 7 2005–2006 <50 <50 170

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 78 <50 370

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 39 1993–2008 <50 <50 130

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 28 1993–2006 <50 <50 159

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 66 1993–2008 <50 <50 260

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 65 1993–2006 <50 <50 200

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 30 1993–2006 <50 <50 169

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
196 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Iron, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 57 1993–2006 <50 <50 147

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 21 1998–2008 <50 <50 141

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 55 <50 222

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 11 1993–1998 <50 <50 100

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 43 1993–1997 <50 <50 140

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 59 1993–2006 <50 <50 210

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 10 2002–2006 70 <50 115

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 <50 <50 477

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <50 <50 140

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 36 1993–2008 <50 <50 146

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 13 1994–2005 <50 <50 90

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 52 1993–2008 <50 <50 490

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 56 1993–2008 <50 <50 130

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

33 1993–2006 <50 <50 160

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 12 1994–2006 <50 <50 110

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 15 1993–2008 <50 <50 120

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 19 1993–2006 <50 <50 90

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <50 <50 120

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 14 1995–2007 <50 <50 91

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 27 1995–2008 <50 <50 150

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 6 2000–2005 <50 <50 <50

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 27 1993–2006 <50 <50 161

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 54 1993–2006 <50 <50 1,710

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 24 1993–2003 <50 <50 210

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 42 1993–2008 <50 <50 140

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 80 1993–2008 <50 <50 500

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 86 1993–2006 <50 <50 146

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 <50 <50 213

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 14 1993–2005 <50 <50 6,000

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 27 1993–2006 <50 <50 150

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 54 1993–2008 <50 <50 150

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 <50 <50 <50

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 53 1993–2008 <50 <50 130

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <50 <50 160

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 4 1993–1995 <50 <50 80

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 13 2001–2007 <50 <50 110

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 40 1993–2006 <50 <50 440

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 53 1993–2008 <50 <50 160

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <50 <50 240

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 197

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Iron, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 85 1994–2008 <50 <50 146

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 37 1993–2004 <50 <50 260

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 80 <50 440

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 20 1999–2008 <50 <50 60

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 65 <50 350

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 12 1993–1998 <50 <50 170

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 14 1993–2005 194 60 310

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 184 <50 550

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 19 1999–2008 <50 <50 163

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 28 1994–2008 64 <50 350

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 25 1993–2007 <50 <50 190

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 1 1994 130 130 130

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 10 1993–2001 56 <50 250

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 67 <50 340

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 35 1993–2007 81 <50 780

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 48 1993–2007 69 <50 520

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 49 1993–2008 51 <50 480

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <50 <50 10,000

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 <50 <50 363

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 28 1993–2008 52 <50 1,000

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <50 <50 6,150

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 71 1993–2007 <50 <50 <50

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 30 1993–2008 170 <50 740

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 56 <50 430

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 95 <50 440

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 <50 <50 5,200

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 63 1993–2003 <50 <50 1,500

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 61 1993–2003 <50 <50 480

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <50 <50 400

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 28 1993–2008 94 <50 280

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 23 1993–2008 <50 <50 140

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 12 1993–2005 100 <50 3,870

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 75 <50 140

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 130 <50 760

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <50 <50 319

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 29 1993–2007 57 <50 409

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 17 1999–2008 70 <50 271

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 70 <50 2,600

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 6 1993–1995 55 <50 270

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 29 1993–2007 <50 <50 390

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
198 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Iron, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 12 2002–2008 54 <50 287

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 <50 <50 360

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 110 <50 850

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 63 <50 1,100

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 60 <50 540

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 15 2001–2008 <50 <50 392

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 5 1993–1995 70 <50 150

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 60 <50 364

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <50 <50 386

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 34 1993–2008 <50 <50 410

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <50 <50 590

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 35 1993–1999 <50 <50 6,180

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 16 1993–1995 67 <50 170

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 48 1993–2008 <50 <50 180

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 124 1993–2008 <50 <50 280

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 75 1993–2008 <50 <50 140

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 60 <50 190

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 49 1993–2008 <50 <50 152

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 45 1993–2008 <50 <50 190

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <50 <50 230

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 23 1993–2008 <50 <50 110

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 14 2002–2008 <50 <50 160

Lead, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 <1.0 <1.0 4.7

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2 1996 6.4 4.0 8.7

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 1.1 1.1 1.1

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 54 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 3.1

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 45 1996–2007 1.6 <1.0 5.2

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 1.8 <1.0 6.6

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 1.6 <1.0 6.7

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1996–2007 3.4 <1.0 9.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 <1.0 <1.0 7.9

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 <1.0 <1.0 1.5

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 74 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 6.2

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1 1996 6.8 6.8 6.8

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 67 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 7.6

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 <1.0 <1.0 8.4

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 1.4 <1.0 14.4

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 2.2 1.2 9.4

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 199

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Lead, total, in μg/L—Continued

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 1.5 <1.0 7.3

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 3.4 <1.0 7.6

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 8.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 47 1997–2006 <1.0 <1.0 15.3

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1997–2006 <1.0 <1.0 44.3

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 43 1996–2006 <1.0 <1.0 8.3

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 37 1996–2006 <1.0 <1.0 12.7

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 5 1996 2.5 <1.0 5.6

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 47 1996–2006 <1.0 <1.0 35.4

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 58 1997–2007 1.4 <1.0 13.7

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 1.9 <1.0 8.2

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 115 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 3.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 35 1993–1998 <1.0 <1.0 11.2

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 83 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 356.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 121 1996–2008 <1.0 <1.0 55.1

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 169 1993–2008 <1.0 <1.0 14.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 2.8 <1.0 4.9

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 45 1993–1998 <1.0 <1.0 7.9

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 8 1993–1997 <1.0 <1.0 2.9

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 6 1997 1.3 <1.0 5.4

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 19 1995–2008 1.1 <1.0 7.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 12.8 <1.0 57.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 74 1996–2007 6.6 <1.0 535.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 <1.0 <1.0 1.8

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 69 1996–2007 12.4 <1.0 498.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 1.4 <1.0 17.3

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 <1.0 <1.0 11.3

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 76 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 20.3

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 8.6

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 11.8

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 62 1996–2007 1.3 <1.0 23.2

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 54 1996–2007 1.1 <1.0 13.8

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 1.4 <1.0 76.6

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <1.0 <1.0 16.4

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <1.0 <1.0 8.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
200 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Lead, total, in μg/L—Continued

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 <1.0 <1.0 11.7

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 <1.0 <1.0 6.2

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <1.0 <1.0 2.6

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 <1.0 <1.0 1.3

Lithium, dissolved, in μg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 20 <10 100

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 24 <10 100

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 20 1993–2004 120 40 293

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 5 2001–2004 71 38 100

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 90 20 160

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 18 1993–2004 30 20 100

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 27 1993–2004 90 17 167

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 25 1993–2004 80 <10 112

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 40 <10 107

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 57 1993–2004 50 <10 100

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 58 1993–2004 40 <10 103

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 25 1993–2004 50 <10 130

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 51 1993–2004 30 <10 100

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 16 1998–2004 40 30 100

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 11 1998–2004 70 20 100

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 11 1993–1998 50 30 60

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 43 1993–1997 30 20 60

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 56 1993–2004 30 20 100

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 6 2002–2004 342 130 400

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 70 19 100

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 50 <10 100

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 69 20 100

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 12 1994–2004 65 20 100

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 17 1996–2004 70 30 100

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 60 20 100

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

21 1993–2004 70 20 100

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 9 1994–2004 50 20 100

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 12 1993–2004 70 50 78

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 16 1993–2004 55 20 200

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 70 20 130

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 9 1995–2004 60 20 106

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 19 1995–2004 62 20 110

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 5 2000–2004 62 60 100

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 80 <10 130

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 201

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Lithium, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 24 1993–2004 39 19 100

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 24 1993–2003 78 20 160

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 60 20 123

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 17 1996–2004 20 20 100

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 9 1996–2004 45 22 100

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 11 1993–2004 20 <10 100

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 40 20 100

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 30 20 100

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 45 30 50

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 60 <10 100

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 22 1993–2004 30 19 100

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 4 1993–1995 40 30 70

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 8 2001–2004 55 33 100

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 8 2001–2004 60 24 100

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 60 20 100

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 30 <10 100

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 4 2001–2004 35 19 100

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 7 1993–1994 28 25 39

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 60 <10 150

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 12 1999–2004 58 <10 100

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 50 <10 100

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 12 1993–1998 45 20 70

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 13 1993–2004 30 <10 180

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 50 <10 100

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 12 1999–2004 58 20 100

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 22 1994–2004 88 20 210

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 40 <10 100

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 1 1994 30 30 30

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 10 1993–2001 70 20 180

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 70 <10 100

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 25 1993–2004 60 <10 100

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 39 1993–2004 134 <10 201

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 37 1993–2004 73 <10 110

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 55 <10 170

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 8 2001–2004 64 22 100

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 20 1993–2004 40 <10 100

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 53 <10 100

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 74 1993–2007 42 26 60

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 20 <10 100

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 30 <10 100

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
202 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Lithium, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 45 <10 100

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 27 1993–2004 36 <10 100

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 46 16 100

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 70 <10 120

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 15 1993–2004 40 20 50

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 11 1993–2004 13 <10 100

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 35 20 50

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 22 1993–2004 15 <10 100

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 30 <10 100

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 33 <10 100

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 11 1999–2004 60 26 100

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 40 <10 100

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 6 1993–1995 35 <10 40

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 40 <10 100

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 6 2002–2004 43 17 63

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 27 1993–2004 49 <10 120

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 160 <10 270

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 150 <10 290

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 40 <10 100

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 6 2001–2004 50 12 100

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 5 1993–1995 30 <10 50

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 55 <10 100

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 60 <10 170

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 25 1993–2004 50 <10 110

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 115 <10 243

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 35 1993–1999 73 <10 130

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 18 1996–2004 50 <10 100

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 2 1993 26 23 28

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 60 <10 126

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 17 1996–2004 50 20 100

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 18 1996–2004 45 20 100

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 85 20 137

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 6 2002–2004 66 42 90

Molybedium, total, in μg/L

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 116 1993–2008 2.5 <1.0 32.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 25 1993–1998 2.1 <1.0 6.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 65 1999–2008 3.2 1.1 5.8

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 104 1993–2008 3.3 <1.0 12.2

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 37 1993–1998 1.9 <1.0 6.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 203

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Molybedium, total, in μg/L—Continued

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 3 1993 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 13 1995–2008 2.2 <1.0 4.9

Nickel, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 7.5 4.9 19.0

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 17.4 17.4 17.4

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 52 2000–2007 4.0 <1.0 7.8

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 43 2000–2007 10.3 3.7 16.6

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 7.7 7.7 7.7

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 7.8 1.7 20.2

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 5 2006–2007 14.9 8.1 22.3

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 44 1997–2006 5.4 2.8 12.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 5.7 3.1 8.3

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 73 1997–2007 7.6 3.9 14.2

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 65 1997–2007 6.1 2.9 11.8

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 11.1 6.0 29.5

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 65 1997–2007 10.7 4.2 40.9

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 16.2 11.2 33.3

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 1 2006 13.1 13.1 13.1

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 10.6 4.4 26.4

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 13.9 8.4 18.7

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 61 1997–2007 10.7 4.5 53.5

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 47 1997–2006 7.7 <1.0 29.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1997–2006 9.5 <1.0 25.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 39 1997–2006 7.5 2.6 16.9

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 35 1997–2006 9.3 4.2 47.5

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 44 1997–2006 9.0 5.7 109.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 58 1997–2007 9.1 2.8 38.6

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 5.3 5.0 7.1

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 119 1993–2008 3.8 1.9 8.5

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 35 1993–1998 4.0 1.4 10.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 78 1997–2007 6.9 3.6 15.8

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 127 1997–2008 4.6 2.1 67.2

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 177 1993–2008 5.5 <1.0 27.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 2.8 2.4 4.4

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 45 1993–1998 3.6 2.0 8.1

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 8 1993–1997 4.8 2.0 7.7

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 3 1993 3.0 2.0 4.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 6 1997 4.1 3.6 5.6

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
204 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Nickel, total, in μg/L—Continued

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 3 1993 2.0 2.0 5.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 21 1995–2008 4.5 2.0 8.1

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 4.7 3.5 6.8

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 26.0 4.6 104.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 70 1997–2007 13.6 4.5 994.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 4.2 3.4 11.4

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 21.7 3.3 1,210.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 9.0 <1.0 46.7

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 5.4 3.0 13.9

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 71 1997–2007 7.0 3.5 54.4

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 7.6 4.6 33.9

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 65 1997–2007 5.3 2.8 23.4

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 57 1997–2007 9.9 4.4 119.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 49 1997–2007 9.6 4.8 31.9

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 59 1997–2007 9.2 4.6 116.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 4.7 3.3 9.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 5.2 2.5 22.3

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 3.9 3.2 8.7

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 5.9 4.1 14.4

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 6.1 2.1 68.9

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 68 1997–2007 7.0 3.7 33.5

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 6.0 3.9 16.1

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 6.3 3.8 10.9

Nickel, dissolved, in μg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 1 2005 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 19.4

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 18.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 15.5

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 38 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 10.6

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 7 2005–2006 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 20 1993–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 2 2005 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 9 1993–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 16 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.8

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 17 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 10.3

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 13.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 16 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 13.8

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 205

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Nickel, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 5 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 6 2005–2007 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 13 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 14 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.3

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 1 2005 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 16.4

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 16 1993–2008 <10.0 <10.0 15.4

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

14 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 18.1

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 4 2005–2007 <10.0 <10.0 12.2

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 4 2006–2008 <10.0 <10.0 10.6

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 6 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.8

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 20.5

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 35.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 17.7

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 1 2005 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 14.8

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 19 1993–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 13 1993–1996 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 15 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.3

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.6

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 10.8

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 10.1 <10.0 25.2

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 1 2005 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 15.2

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 16.9

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 14.4

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 16.8

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 16.8

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.1

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 33 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 7 1993–1994 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 12.9

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
206 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Nickel, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 1 2005 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 10.9

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 5 2005–2007 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 6 1993–1994 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 19 1993–2008 <10.0 <10.0 10.2

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 5 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 120.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.3

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 13 1993–2008 <10.0 <10.0 18.4

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 21 1993–1998 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 16.2

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 12 1993–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 6 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 1 2005 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 12.1

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 12.4

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 11 1993–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 24.7

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 10.3

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 11.5

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 24 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 207

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Nickel, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 19 1997–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 9 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 7 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 10.3

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 7 2006–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 8 2005–2008 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

Selenium, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 <2.6 <2.6 7.6

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2 1996 <2.6 <2.6 2.7

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 54 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 4.4

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 20 1997–1999 <2.6 <2.6 6.3

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 <2.6 <2.6 9.2

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 45 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 10.5

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 31 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 41.1

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 <2.6 <2.6 5.6

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 <2.6 <2.6 16.8

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 74 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 12.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1 1996 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 67 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 46.5

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 <2.6 <2.6 16.2

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 30.9

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

5 2006–2007 <2.6 <2.6 3.7

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 <2.6 <2.6 11.2

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 <2.6 <2.6 5.9

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 5 2006–2007 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 2.9 <2.6 15.7

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 47 1997–2006 <2.6 <2.6 7.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 38 1997–2006 3.5 <2.6 38.7

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 43 1996–2006 <2.6 <2.6 7.3

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 37 1996–2006 <2.6 <2.6 6.5

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 5 1996 <2.6 <2.6 2.7

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 47 1996–2006 <2.6 <2.6 10.1

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 58 1997–2007 <2.6 <2.6 5.4

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 <2.6 <2.6 10.5

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 119 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 14.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 35 1993–1998 <2.6 <2.6 8.4

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
208 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Selenium, total, in μg/L—Continued

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 83 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 127.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 128 1996–2008 <2.6 <2.6 18.8

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 175 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 31.5

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 <2.6 <2.6 7.3

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 64 1993–2000 <2.6 <2.6 10.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 28 1993–2000 <2.6 <2.6 8.7

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 19 1993–2000 <2.6 <2.6 10.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 26 1997–2000 <2.6 <2.6 9.6

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 19 1993–2000 <2.6 <2.6 4.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 20 1995–2008 <2.6 <2.6 14.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 <2.6 <2.6 4.5

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 <2.6 <2.6 7.7

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 74 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 30.5

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 <2.6 <2.6 7.8

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 69 1996–2007 2.8 <2.6 173.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 7 1999–2000 <2.6 <2.6 3.8

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <2.6 <2.6 21.4

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 <2.6 <2.6 16.3

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 76 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 21.4

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 23 1999–2001 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 19.5

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 26.1

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 62 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 67.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 54 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 56.5

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 <2.6 <2.6 48.5

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 14 1993–1998 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 69 1993–2007 <2.6 <2.6 13.4

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 50 1993–2006 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 37 1993–2006 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <2.6 <2.6 5.7

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 84 1993–2007 <2.6 <2.6 8.3

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 81 1993–2007 <2.6 <2.6 14.3

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <2.6 <2.6 3.7

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1993–1995 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

Selenium, dissolved, in μg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.4

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 1 2005 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.1

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 209

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Selenium, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 28 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 10.4

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 <2.6 <2.6 7.6

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 9.4

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 56 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 7.0

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 7 2005–2006 <2.6 <2.6 4.2

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 27.5

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 2 2005 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 33 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 6.4

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 16.3

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 73 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 5.2

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 75 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.7

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 67 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 5.2

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 11 1993–1998 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 43 1993–1997 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 63 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 9.4 <2.6 21.4

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 34 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 57.1

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 7.7

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 57.9

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 13 1994–2005 <2.6 <2.6 4.8

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 26 1996–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.4

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.6

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

35 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 7.7

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 <2.6 <2.6 5.3

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 16 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 22 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.4

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 7.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 17 1995–2008 <2.6 <2.6 7.1

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 28 1995–2008 <2.6 <2.6 7.1

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 6 2000–2005 <2.6 <2.6 8.0

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 5.6

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 37 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 57.1

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 24 1993–2003 <2.6 <2.6 7.7

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 39 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 9.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 47 1996–2008 <2.6 <2.6 10.5

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 17 1996–2008 <2.6 <2.6 5.5

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
210 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Selenium, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 30 2005–2008 9.4 3.5 39.2

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 12 1993–2005 <2.6 <2.6 4.1

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.5

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 54 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 12.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 53 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 17.2

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 30 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.4

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 4 1993–1995 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 2.7 <2.6 6.9

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 2.7 <2.6 4.8

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 53 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 6.7

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 37 2001–2008 <2.6 <2.6 10.9

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 7 1993–1994 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 6.1

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 20 1999–2008 <2.6 <2.6 27.5

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 7.3

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 12 1993–1998 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 13 1993–2005 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 280.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 19 1999–2008 <2.6 <2.6 8.2

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 27 1994–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.3

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 25 1993–2007 <2.6 <2.6 5.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 1 1994 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 10 1993–2001 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 30 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 13.6

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 8.9

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 43 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.7

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 43 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 47.4

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 33 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.6

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 <2.6 <2.6 9.6

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 28 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 6.9

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 31.7

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 74 1993–2007 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 8.1

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 5.3

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 12.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 34 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 9.5

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 30 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 16.9

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 211

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Selenium, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 23 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 2.9

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 12 1993–2005 <2.6 <2.6 4.0

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 8.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.1

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 18 1999–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 6.5

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 6 1993–1995 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 13 2002–2008 <2.6 <2.6 10.1

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 35 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.8

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 30.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 31 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.5

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 15 2001–2008 <2.6 <2.6 10.1

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 5 1993–1995 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 3.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 30 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 5.6

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 34 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 5.8

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 30.1

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 35 1993–1999 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 16 1993–1995 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 48 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 10.8

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 122 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 4.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 83 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 12.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 29.9

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 49 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 10.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 45 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 28.1

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 32 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 26.8

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 28 1993–2008 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 14 2002–2008 <2.6 <2.6 8.8

Strontium, dissolved, in μg/L

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 190 100 320

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 220 130 340

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 20 1993–2004 645 170 980

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 5 2001–2004 350 250 593

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 430 220 821

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 18 1993–2004 214 130 340

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 27 1993–2004 230 82 610

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
212 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Strontium, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 25 1993–2004 290 130 400

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 295 130 630

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 57 1993–2004 320 140 640

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 58 1993–2004 290 100 610

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 25 1993–2004 290 120 760

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 51 1993–2004 270 100 440

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 16 1998–2004 292 210 540

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 11 1998–2004 320 150 400

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 11 1993–1998 250 140 330

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 43 1993–1997 260 120 460

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 56 1993–2004 250 100 620

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 6 2002–2004 427 220 547

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 300 92 480

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 380 147 580

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 345 180 420

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 12 1994–2004 340 180 500

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 17 1996–2004 380 210 560

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 363 200 550

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

21 1993–2004 360 150 540

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 9 1994–2004 230 150 460

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 12 1993–2004 411 330 550

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 16 1993–2004 365 200 824

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 490 210 875

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 9 1995–2004 400 210 574

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 19 1995–2004 400 160 690

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 5 2000–2004 320 280 550

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 495 150 770

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 24 1993–2004 275 131 380

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 24 1993–2003 500 190 1,100

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 415 140 753

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 17 1996–2004 210 150 375

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 9 1996–2004 328 141 420

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 11 1993–2004 199 110 310

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 22 1993–2004 300 130 410

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 310 120 410

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 335 120 420

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 370 120 590

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 22 1993–2004 230 130 345

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 4 1993–1995 320 120 470

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 213

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Strontium, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 8 2001–2004 333 231 507

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 8 2001–2004 352 175 503

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 350 120 518

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 270 110 380

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 4 2001–2004 195 128 350

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 7 1993–1994 270 210 280

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 400 120 670

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 12 1999–2004 362 230 540

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 368 110 617

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 12 1993–1998 395 240 470

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 13 1993–2004 290 170 1,100

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 235 58 360

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 12 1999–2004 339 170 460

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 22 1994–2004 305 130 620

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 210 100 450

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 1 1994 160 160 160

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 10 1993–2001 265 150 810

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 680 130 810

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 25 1993–2004 370 260 610

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 39 1993–2004 950 110 1,998

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 38 1993–2004 715 78 1,172

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 365 170 760

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 8 2001–2004 470 216 970

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 20 1993–2004 855 210 1,850

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 620 180 840

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 74 1993–2007 484 227 554

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 360 105 680

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 515 184 1,200

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 1,095 180 1,600

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 27 1993–2004 830 200 1,600

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 940 377 1,300

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 550 140 810

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 15 1993–2004 490 220 600

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 11 1993–2004 340 142 1,500

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 4 1993–1994 615 390 870

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 22 1993–2004 245 70 650

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 820 239 1,100

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 740 230 1,400

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 11 1999–2004 640 435 1,270

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 591 185 1,000

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
214 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Strontium, dissolved, in μg/L—Continued

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 6 1993–1995 550 300 810

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 705 160 950

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 6 2002–2004 556 305 885

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 27 1993–2004 720 221 1,400

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 320 90 470

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 350 70 731

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 23 1993–2004 1,100 296 1,700

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 6 2001–2004 781 266 1,100

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 5 1993–1995 1,000 580 2,700

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 960 210 2,000

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 21 1993–2004 850 250 1,500

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 25 1993–2004 727 170 1,200

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 398 130 630

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 35 1993–1999 220 18 288

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 18 1996–2004 280 144 430

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 2 1993 175 140 210

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 340 160 579

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 17 1996–2004 340 190 490

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 18 1996–2004 295 214 480

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 24 1993–2004 485 210 732

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 6 2002–2004 383 260 470

Zinc, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 <40 <40 47

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2 1996 <40 <40 <40

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 <40 <40 <40

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 54 1996–2007 <40 <40 94

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 45 1996–2007 <40 <40 70

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 5 1996 <40 <40 50

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 <40 <40 237

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 5 1996 <40 <40 <40

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 <40 <40 42

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 <40 <40 <40

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 69 1996–2007 <40 <40 202

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 1 1996 <40 <40 <40

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 62 1996–2007 <40 <40 <40

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 69 1997–2007 <40 <40 54

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 70 1996–2007 <40 <40 83

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 <40 <40 63

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 47 1997–2007 <40 <40 54

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 64 1996–2007 <40 <40 67

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 215

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Zinc, total, in μg/L—Continued

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 46 1997–2006 <40 <40 73

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 37 1997–2006 <40 <40 86

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 42 1996–2006 <40 <40 351

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 36 1996–2006 <40 <40 89

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 5 1996 <40 <40 42

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 46 1996–2006 <40 <40 238

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 52 1997–2006 <40 <40 158

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 <40 <40 <40

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 11 1997–1998 <40 <40 <40

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 82 1996–2007 <40 <40 83

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 <40 <40 41

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 <40 <40 187

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 10 1997–1998 <40 <40 <40

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 9 1997–1998 <40 <40 <40

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 5 1997 <40 <40 <40

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 6 1997 <40 <40 <40

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 7 1997–1998 <40 <40 <40

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 <40 <40 <40

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 53 <40 261

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 <40 <40 2,500

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 <40 <40 <40

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 53 <40 2,770

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <40 <40 81

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 64 1997–2007 <40 <40 60

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 75 1996–2007 <40 <40 159

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 67 1996–2007 <40 <40 49

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 67 1996–2007 <40 <40 59

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 61 1996–2007 <40 <40 471

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 53 1996–2007 <40 <40 81

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 63 1996–2007 <40 <40 266

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 6 1998 <40 <40 <40

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 <40 <40 41

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <40 <40 <40

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <40 <40 <40

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 75 1997–2007 <40 <40 42

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 <40 <40 45

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 <40 <40 <40

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 <40 <40 <40

Table 1–3. Summary statistics for trace-metal constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1993 through 2008.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not available; <, less than]
Appendix 1 249

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Sulfate, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 623 403 420 462

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 416 96 42 86

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 49 176 433 176

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 43 147 73 87

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 32 63 37 38

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 38 91 50 67

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. -- 475 600 490

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 1,310 340 260 320

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. -- 190 318 235

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 510 350 360 394

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 47 110 79 86

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 54 84 92 69

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 97 198 146 146

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 91 180 145 152

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 240 210 200 210

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. -- 21 19 20

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 264 222 207 217

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 95 125 120 110

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. -- 108 247 179

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 190 179 310 230

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 140 170 220 170

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. -- 140 298 190

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. -- 155 -- 155

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 110 150 115

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. -- 243 200 227

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. -- 269 276 270

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. -- 160 160 160

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 310 136 170 150

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 1,350 640 1,100 910

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 180 185 150 172

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. -- 1,165 1,835 1,385

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 160 142 180 160

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 235 140 200 170

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 238 167 220 208

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. -- 155 120 140

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 200 160 210 200

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 200 160 170 170

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. 270 214 227 227

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. -- 120 95 115

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
250 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- 170 282 180

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 207 143 184 170

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. -- 305 630 322

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 520 310 460 450

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. -- 295 440 370

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 524 340 428 419

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 274 212 226 222

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. -- 233 338 280

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- 75 -- 75

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- 27 -- 27

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 192 170 180 180

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. -- 140 266 208

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 120 110 120 110

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 530 280 360 320

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 578 270 420 405

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 581 410 443 445

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 59 108 83 87

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 180 185 226 205

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 568 375 434 425

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 48 81 60 74

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. -- 160 550 185

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 120 177 180 174

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 218 210 227 216

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. -- 140 195 180

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. -- 62 75 63

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. -- 71 94 87

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. -- 150 245 180

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 372 198 280 260

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 188 99 110 103

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. -- 120 -- 120

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. -- 190 240 200

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. -- 100 190 100

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 265 120 205 180

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 205 140 228 180

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 210 170 190 180

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 229 165 200 195

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 88 78 96 88

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 84 122 136 120

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 251

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 101 125 103 110

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 83 100 100 94

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 310 250 590 376

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 1,100 490 580 495

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 300 190 220 230

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 190 190 170 180

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 565 390 494 456

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 377 250 250 267

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. -- 395 253 390

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 372 250 272 284

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 62 110 87 94

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 251 180 236 215

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 340 210 255 235

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 272 198 227

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 320 125 143 141

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. -- 150 400 160

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 390 170 320 250

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 400 209 241 236

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 360 185 200 200

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 240 403 286

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 315 140 190 200

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. -- 890 -- 710

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 225 184 180 200

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 555 410 623 570

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 660 350 550 530

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 875 480 580 640

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 650 510 610 610

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 470 390 428 421

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 760 590 690 690

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 730 575 730 680

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 1,101 998 1,000 1,000

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 836 520 570 570

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 395 306 600 484

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 2,000 1,600 1,500 1,700

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 936 428 815 615

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 1,150 700 1,000 994

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 802 480 680 610

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 180 170 170 170

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
252 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 665 336 455 440

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 700 800 1,115 760

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 825 575 540 570

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 290 375 220 340

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 851 459 575 564

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 605 490 550 510

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 590 465 470 490

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 600 460 770 580

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 660 400 635 605

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 600 400 500 492

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 110 420 410 410

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 560 428 420 459

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 560 450 380 465

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 111 165 450 170

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 54 210 -- 190

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 720 530 300 600

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 665 360 505 440

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 170 320 460 315

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 510 390 490 485

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 510 296 315 324

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 640 425 635 550

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 340 290 335 330

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 250 220 250 240

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 310 170 210 240

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 185 340 370 340

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 105 190 393 262

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 190 170 170 170

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 180 250 230 225

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 1,400 500 248 560

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 1,000 510 705 720

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 758 425 610 565

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 250 200 250 230

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 540 433 510 490

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 764 446 587 550

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. -- 316 520 415

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. -- 190 240 200

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. -- 324 542 473

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 253

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Sulfate, in mg/L—Continued

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 360 250 410 340

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. -- 290 448 388

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 340 210 385 320

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 520 354 448 440

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 160 130 180 141

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 315 186 240 230

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 185 180 185 180

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 1,050 1,150 695 935

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 820 725 800 790

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 685 560 675 640

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 880 620 885 820

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 932 590 640 640

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 2,300 1,310 1,600 1,500

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 1,250 548 800 707

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 1,600 1,100 875 1,100

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 1,270 920 1,200 1,115

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 742 570 532 570

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 885 467 544 568

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 280 120 140 140

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 62 145 260 224

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. -- 211 209 211

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 2,700 2,300 2,000 2,400

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 170 140 145 150

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 310 141 205 190

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 245 160 170 185

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 100 103 100

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 170 135 169 153

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 338 180 244 220

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. -- 98 112 110

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 220 160 185 190

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 242 147 160 170

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 260 349 339

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 270 150 160 170

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 225 153 181 176

Chloride, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 24.7 13.9 15.6 16.5

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 29.2 12.8 11.0 11.9

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 16.3 14.2 9.3 14.1

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
254 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 18.0 13.3 18.3 15.3

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 7.8 7.2 6.9 7.1

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 9.6 11.0 11.5 11.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. -- 27.5 46.0 32.0

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 408.0 35.0 20.0 30.0

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. -- 24.1 27.1 24.3

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 61.9 29.8 36.0 38.9

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 9.6 12.7 14.0 13.0

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 12.0 11.0 13.4 11.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 25.5 18.4 23.2 21.3

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 20.6 17.2 19.3 18.7

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 19.0 14.0 17.0 17.0

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. -- <4.0 9.5 8.5

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 21.6 16.8 15.6 17.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 14.0 14.0 13.1 14.0

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. -- 9.8 35.2 17.2

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 31.0 16.0 25.0 19.0

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 30.0 18.5 26.0 20.4

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. -- 15.4 26.5 20.1

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. -- 20.0 -- 20.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 13.9 19.0 14.0

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. -- 25.5 24.5 24.5

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. -- 24.5 23.5 24.5

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. -- 23.0 17.5 23.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 45.0 15.0 20.0 18.5

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 280.0 130.0 230.0 195.0

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 21.5 19.0 17.0 19.0

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. -- 227.5 376.0 278.5

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 20.0 14.3 16.0 16.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 23.5 10.9 17.6 15.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 18.0 14.1 15.0 15.3

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. -- 19.0 13.0 18.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 32.0 20.5 29.6 27.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 28.4 22.4 29.6 26.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. 25.2 22.1 27.0 24.0

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. -- 18.0 22.0 19.5

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- 15.7 12.2 15.7

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 31.3 22.6 28.6 26.6

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 255

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. -- 24.5 39.0 26.0

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 95.0 38.7 68.0 53.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. -- 37.4 61.9 45.6

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 79.8 37.1 49.9 55.4

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 36.9 21.7 33.9 31.4

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. -- 15.5 18.0 17.0

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- 10.4 -- 10.4

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- 4.8 -- 4.8

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 47.0 36.0 39.0 39.0

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. -- 22.0 62.5 36.7

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 20.8 14.5 16.7 17.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 45.0 16.5 22.0 19.0

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 27.5 20.0 33.0 25.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 72.4 31.5 36.4 36.5

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 12.0 12.6 12.0 12.0

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 22.0 21.2 26.0 23.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 780.0 370.0 570.0 446.5

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 16.5 16.0 14.5 15.0

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. -- 13.0 40.0 15.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 8.5 11.7 13.0 13.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 28.1 21.0 26.1 25.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. -- 11.0 15.0 14.0

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. -- 11.0 12.0 11.0

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. -- 8.4 7.2 8.0

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. -- 14.0 23.0 16.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 130.0 50.7 94.5 74.3

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 110.0 26.5 37.3 33.5

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. -- 5.9 -- 5.9

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. -- 11.0 16.0 11.0

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. -- 6.8 11.1 9.2

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 19.5 8.0 13.5 11.0

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 18.0 8.7 17.0 15.0

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 15.0 12.0 13.0 13.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 20.2 12.5 16.0 15.0

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 8.3 9.8 11.0 10.0

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 34.4 30.9 27.2 27.8

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 34.0 23.1 26.2 26.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 41.0 29.0 34.0 34.0

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
256 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 12.5 12.0 25.0 18.0

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 21.0 13.0 17.0 14.5

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 80.0 25.0 48.5 47.5

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 22.5 24.0 20.0 22.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 34.5 22.3 29.6 26.1

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 51.0 27.0 31.4 29.8

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. -- 7.6 6.8 7.6

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 45.1 25.1 38.2 32.5

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 11.0 11.0 13.0 11.2

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 38.8 20.6 29.0 26.7

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 38.0 19.5 25.5 22.2

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 13.2 11.0 12.4

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 55.0 34.5 54.4 45.5

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. -- 14.0 44.0 20.0

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 51.5 21.0 47.0 31.0

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 58.0 26.0 31.9 26.4

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 110.0 33.0 42.0 39.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 13.1 17.4 14.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 44.0 19.0 25.0 28.0

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. -- 6.2 -- 5.4

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 13.0 10.0 9.6 10.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 8.8 6.5 9.8 8.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9.6 5.6 8.3 7.9

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 6.4 5.0 4.6 5.1

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 11.0 11.0 14.0 12.0

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 22.0 42.5 32.0 34.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 4.5 4.8 4.1 4.4

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 11.5 7.4 8.8 8.5

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 26.8 16.7 21.0 19.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 23.2 9.9 10.9 10.9

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 10.0 6.3 10.8 9.0

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 13.0 8.8 9.5 9.8

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 16.0 7.2 12.1 9.6

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 11.5 7.9 9.6 9.2

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 16.0 7.2 10.4 9.4

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 9.7 9.3 9.4 9.5

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 7.4 5.6 7.0 6.6

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 9.3 6.5 10.1 7.0

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 257

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 7.3 5.1 4.8 5.3

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 11.0 4.4 4.5 4.5

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 9.0 5.7 6.8 6.4

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 9.5 6.2 6.5 6.9

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 7.4 5.5 7.0 6.7

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 6.5 5.9 8.1 6.8

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 6.8 5.0 6.9 6.5

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 8.7 5.9 7.7 7.3

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. <4.0 <4.0 5.0 <4.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 8.4 6.1 7.4 7.2

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 15.0 8.8 9.6 11.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 4.2 <4.0 -- <4.0

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. <4.0 <4.0 -- <4.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 12.0 6.1 8.3 8.1

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 6.5 4.4 6.0 5.1

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 4.1 <4.0 5.8 <4.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 6.6 4.7 7.0 6.5

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 18.0 10.2 13.9 12.2

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 19.0 12.0 18.0 17.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 6.9 5.5 7.0 5.9

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 7.2 5.7 7.0 7.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 6.6 <4.0 4.6 4.3

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 7.6 11.0 11.0 10.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 5.6 6.2 9.1 7.3

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.6

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. <4.0 4.8 5.0 4.8

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 9.5 5.1 <4.0 5.2

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 34.0 12.0 17.5 18.0

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 43.2 33.0 50.0 48.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 6.8 4.9 6.2 5.9

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 6.7 5.0 7.9 6.3

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 19.7 12.0 20.1 17.0

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. -- 12.0 17.0 13.5

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. -- 5.1 9.3 5.9

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. -- 5.8 7.5 7.0

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 5.0 5.4 8.9 5.9

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. -- 8.1 12.0 10.0

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 4.1 4.9 6.3 5.1

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
258 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Chloride, in mg/L—Continued

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 16.3 8.7 13.1 12.0

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 4.5 4.2 9.1 6.2

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 48.5 13.4 32.0 30.0

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 9.9 9.1 9.7 9.4

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 8.9 9.4 6.8 8.1

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 11.0 8.3 11.0 10.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 11.0 8.2 10.0 9.7

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 12.0 8.0 11.0 11.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 17.8 8.7 10.3 9.9

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26.0 17.0 20.0 18.5

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 17.0 9.6 12.0 11.0

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 16.0 12.5 10.5 14.0

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 12.0 9.3 13.0 11.5

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 13.2 9.0 9.2 9.3

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 19.0 7.6 12.0 11.0

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 11.0 6.0 9.0 7.8

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 6.2 8.7 13.0 11.0

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. -- 12.5 16.0 13.7

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 18.0 13.0 13.5 14.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 15.0 7.9 10.0 9.8

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 52.4 12.9 19.6 18.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 34.0 16.0 17.3 18.0

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 11.0 13.5 11.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 15.0 13.5 14.4 14.5

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 16.6 11.0 14.2 12.0

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. -- 6.3 14.5 7.3

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 44.0 14.8 17.5 21.6

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 50.2 19.9 22.9 28.3

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 41.0 56.9 50.2

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 73.0 22.0 33.0 38.7

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 44.5 26.7 28.9 30.0

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 1,145 795 874 894

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 875 344 284 324

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 321 442 1,090 442

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 339 392 350 352

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 318 301 278 299

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 320 324 334 331

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 259

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. -- 859 1,160 969

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 3,340 795 764 795

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. -- 434 -- 434

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 1,370 827 876 925

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 331 332 317 324

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 345 366 354 355

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 416 504 435 446

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 329 496 391 428

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 1,040 804 912 922

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. -- 359 423 380

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 853 725 720 727

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 490 492 561 506

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. -- 316 672 424

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 771 446 754 545

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 754 401 608 486

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. -- 275 676 413

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. -- 492 -- 492

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 323 510 373

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. -- 460 555 545

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. -- 574 643 578

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. -- 572 555 572

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 972 419 547 498

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 3,095 1,480 2,380 2,060

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 596 520 446 516

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. -- 2,650 4,980 3,970

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 698 576 628 622

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 809 423 613 555

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 694 543 574 579

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. -- 509 403 473

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 654 485 630 605

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 668 523 562 562

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. -- 505 679 633

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 687 508 539 539

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- 472 743 499

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 628 430 576 565

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. -- 616 1,330 654

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 1,260 752 1,140 1,070

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. -- 691 1,050 859

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
260 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 1,280 817 940 940

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 598 581 548 569

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. -- 589 868 766

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- 294 -- 294

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- 172 -- 172

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 681 632 560 632

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. -- 466 761 684

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 514 404 420 429

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 1,200 691 919 787

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 1,430 726 941 939

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 1,345 855 988 983

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 349 354 331 344

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 618 558 667 614

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 2,405 1,280 1,810 1,460

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 321 340 321 334

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. -- 409 1,130 430

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 493 443 518 465

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 649 516 582 570

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. -- 404 542 486

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. -- 293 419 381

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. -- 267 379 296

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. -- 402 706 459

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 975 552 808 781

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 718 395 436 411

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. -- 326 -- 326

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. -- 472 809 476

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. -- 327 573 345

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 774 336 570 485

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 616 354 609 511

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 637 491 559 554

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 696 421 584 551

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 425 329 387 361

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 403 452 443 436

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 441 401 413 414

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 460 419 428 438

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 897 598 1,230 875

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 2,270 1,060 1,390 1,095

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 1,035 598 721 746

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 261

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 711 654 562 626

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 1,360 920 1,150 1,090

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 1,112 706 745 745

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. -- 703 591 703

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 1,080 689 805 808

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 456 426 506 454

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 829 533 684 684

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 1,011 545 723 658

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 434 566 434

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. -- 361 632 503

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. -- 428 1,130 448

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 1,030 464 924 780

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 1,380 391 788 636

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 1,310 564 774 691

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 512 821 588

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1,080 516 623 680

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. -- 2,260 -- 1,690

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 528 448 433 476

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 1,440 1,020 1,480 1,410

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 1,800 852 1,480 1,430

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 2,440 1,410 1,615 1,800

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 1,490 1,210 1,430 1,420

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 1,630 1,095 1,355 1,350

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 2,000 1,505 1,835 1,815

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 1,935 1,445 1,840 1,760

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 2,469 2,019 2,336 2,230

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 1,908 1,096 1,485 1,326

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 807 762 1,210 1,040

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 3,480 2,720 2,810 3,100

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 1,710 922 1,565 1,205

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 2,170 1,400 1,795 1,800

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1,645 975 1,430 1,235

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 429 423 418 424

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 1,650 806 1,165 1,160

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 1,450 1,720 2,045 1,610

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 1,965 1,255 1,310 1,400

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 912 743 1,155 762

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 2,015 1,030 1,320 1,310

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
262 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 1,495 1,050 1,165 1,220

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 1,375 1,165 1,240 1,270

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 1,330 1,090 1,760 1,300

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 1,455 916 1,330 1,325

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 1,380 880 1,130 1,120

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 236 833 867 833

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1,410 998 1,040 1,110

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 1,510 1,050 920 1,125

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 457 596 999 598

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 187 755 -- 614

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 1,855 1,285 915 1,445

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 1,615 902 1,240 1,075

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 479 925 1,110 925

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 1,820 1,056 1,670 1,655

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 1,408 1,190 1,329 1,310

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 1,530 953 1,250 1,140

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 799 756 733 772

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 824 702 806 775

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 1,050 476 746 762

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 729 793 903 839

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 335 424 972 709

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 433 436 436 436

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 460 589 512 462

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 2,730 959 566 1,175

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 2,350 1,220 1,540 1,655

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 1,675 915 1,400 1,245

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 720 559 712 685

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 1,205 935 1,080 1,080

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 1,575 941 1,230 1,130

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. -- 751 1,150 1,010

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. -- 559 812 615

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. -- 748 1,515 1,130

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 897 626 877 750

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. -- 728 991 886

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 1,080 573 1,040 809

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1,255 816 959 961

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 458 410 697 595

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 1,195 601 999 970

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 263

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Total dissolved solids, in mg/L—Continued

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 441 441 442 441

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 2,100 1,930 1,410 1,790

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 1,670 1,380 1,520 1,550

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 1,460 1,120 1,335 1,320

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 1,750 1,115 1,670 1,530

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 2,100 1,150 1,240 1,235

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 3,970 2,125 2,650 2,575

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 2,100 1,175 1,620 1,520

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 2,880 1,945 1,650 1,990

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 2,160 1,640 1,970 1,900

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1,510 1,045 1,175 1,150

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1,810 976 1,140 1,175

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 819 364 563 538

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 184 375 767 639

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. -- 766 788 777

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 4,780 3,900 3,650 4,270

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 707 480 649 593

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 1,040 476 660 646

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 857 559 620 656

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 358 446 362

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 584 467 590 552

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 810 458 673 580

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. -- 372 527 376

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 760 483 569 591

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 783 487 563 609

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 557 989 857

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 920 510 620 672

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 734 457 541 541

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. <0.04 0.06 <0.04 <0.04

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.18 <0.04 0.06 <0.04

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.25 0.10 <0.04 0.10

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 0.08 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.25 0.10 0.07 0.10

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 0.12 0.06 <0.04 0.05

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. <0.04 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 0.11 0.06 <0.04 <0.04

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 0.98 0.44 0.81 0.69

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
264 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 0.13 0.06 <0.04 0.07

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 0.27 0.11 0.09 0.10

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 0.25 <0.04 <0.04 0.05

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 0.07 <0.04

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 0.05 0.05 <0.04 0.05

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. -- -- <0.04 <0.04

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 0.08 <0.04 0.05

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. -- 0.06 0.81 0.09

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 0.17 <0.04 0.10 0.09

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. <0.04 0.06 <0.04 <0.04

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 0.13 0.06 <0.04 0.06

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 0.20 0.05 0.07 0.08

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 0.19 0.18 0.09 0.16

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 0.06 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 0.10 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. 0.07 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 0.10 0.05 <0.04 0.05

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- <0.04 -- <0.04

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.19

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. -- <0.04 0.27 0.11

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 0.31 0.12 <0.04 0.11

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 0.50 0.10 0.06 0.09

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 0.16 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 0.10 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 0.10 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 0.37 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 0.53 0.29 <0.04 0.22

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 0.10 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 0.12 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. <0.04 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 0.05 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 0.08 0.07 <0.04 <0.04

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 265

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 0.17 0.15 0.08 0.13

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 0.14 0.20 0.10 0.14

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 0.11 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 0.16 0.10 <0.04 0.09

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 0.13 0.06 <0.04 0.06

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 0.15 0.08 <0.04 0.07

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 0.16 0.06 0.07 0.10

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 0.30 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 0.17 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 0.21 0.11 <0.04 0.09

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 0.07 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 0.12 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 0.14 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 0.06 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. -- <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. -- 0.05 0.09 0.07

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 0.29 0.11 0.08 0.14

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. <0.04 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 0.08 0.10 <0.04 0.08

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 0.05 0.08 <0.04 0.06

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 0.14 0.06 <0.04 0.05

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 0.31 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 0.15 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 0.07 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 0.07 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 0.10 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. <0.04 0.08 0.05 0.06

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 0.10 0.07 <0.04 0.07

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 0.41 <0.04 0.08 0.06

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
266 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 0.13 0.06 <0.04 0.06

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 0.16 0.08 <0.04 0.07

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 0.33 0.07 0.07 0.09

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 0.14 0.06 <0.04 0.06

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 0.09 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 0.13 <0.04 <0.04 0.05

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 0.13 0.10 <0.04 0.10

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. -- <0.04 -- <0.04

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 0.40 0.19 -- 0.20

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 0.08 <0.04 0.10 0.05

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 0.11 0.15 <0.04 0.07

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.06

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 0.16 0.15 <0.04 0.11

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 0.17 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 0.21 0.23 0.10 0.13

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 0.19 0.17 0.06 0.14

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 1.00 0.42 0.43 0.59

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.12 0.12 0.05 0.09

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. <0.04 0.10 0.07 0.07

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.13 0.12 0.05 0.09

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 0.41 0.14 0.48 0.23

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 0.07 0.10 <0.04 0.06

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 0.13 <0.04 0.09 0.07

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. -- 0.06 -- 0.06

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 0.08 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. -- 0.16 0.09 0.09

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 0.12 0.08 <0.04 0.07

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 0.13 0.09 <0.04 0.07

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 0.08 <0.04 0.05 0.05

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 0.14 0.08 <0.04 0.06

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 267

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Ammonia, dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 0.06 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. -- 0.08 0.06 0.07

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. -- <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.10

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. <0.04 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 0.10 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 0.06 <0.04 <0.04

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. -- 0.06 0.11 0.10

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 0.23 0.12 <0.04 0.09

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 0.16 0.05 <0.04 <0.04

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 0.14 0.14 0.14

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.07

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- 0.06 <0.04 0.06

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 0.28 0.24 <0.10 0.14

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.17 0.24 <0.10 0.12

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.29 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 0.21 0.12 0.15 0.16

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.14 0.13 <0.10 <0.10

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 0.17 0.19 <0.10 <0.10

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. -- 0.27 <0.10 <0.10

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. <0.10 0.11 <0.10 <0.10

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 0.19 0.29 0.13 0.19

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 0.26 0.41 0.31 0.31

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 0.92 0.83 0.80 0.88

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 0.48 0.48 0.54 0.48

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 0.52 0.14 0.17 0.19

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 0.13 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. <0.10 0.48 <0.10 <0.10

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. -- -- <0.10 <0.10

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 0.60 <0.10 0.11

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. -- 0.16 <0.10 <0.10

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
268 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. -- 0.41 0.16 0.23

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 0.68 0.27 0.22 0.27

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 0.15 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 0.17 <0.10 0.15 0.13

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. <0.10 0.26 <0.10 <0.10

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 0.20 0.27 <0.10 0.13

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 0.21 0.23 0.15 0.21

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 0.37 0.37 <0.10 0.21

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 0.40 0.22 <0.10 0.13

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. 0.48 0.27 <0.10 <0.10

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 0.33 0.37 <0.10 0.19

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 0.29 0.30 <0.10 <0.10

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. -- -- <0.10 <0.10

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 1.28 0.11 <0.10 <0.10

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 0.61 0.41 0.29 0.36

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- 0.30 -- 0.30

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 0.20 0.49 0.16 0.21

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. -- 0.50 <0.10 <0.10

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 0.37 0.63 0.36 0.43

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 2.11 0.25 0.30 0.39

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 0.44 0.44 0.37 0.40

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 0.69 0.33 0.15 0.32

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 0.89 0.15 <0.10 0.16

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 0.23 0.45 <0.10 0.22

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 2.00 0.39 0.37 0.48

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. -- <0.10 -- <0.10

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. -- -- 0.92 0.92

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. -- 1.55 0.23 0.83

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. -- 1.60 -- 1.60

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 1.29 0.96 0.28 0.54

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 0.23 0.50 0.26 0.37

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. <0.10 0.57 <0.10 0.14

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 0.75 1.00 <0.10 0.64

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 0.12 0.34 <0.10 0.13

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 0.69 0.23 <0.10 0.17

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 0.12 0.23 <0.10 <0.10

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 269

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 0.22 0.68 0.21 0.32

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 0.53 0.53 0.39 0.43

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 0.34 0.50 0.16 0.34

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. <0.10 0.12 <0.10 <0.10

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 0.15 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 0.31 0.16 <0.10 <0.10

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 0.14 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 0.26 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 0.57 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. -- 0.11 <0.10 <0.10

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. -- <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 0.22 0.18 <0.10 0.16

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. <0.10 0.25 <0.10 <0.10

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. <0.10 0.12 <0.10 <0.10

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 0.18 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 0.37 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 0.12 <0.10 <0.10

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. <0.10 0.12 <0.10 <0.10

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 0.15 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 0.11 0.28 <0.10 0.13

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 0.12 <0.10 0.12 0.11

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 0.23 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 0.33 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 0.20 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
270 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 0.13 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 0.12 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 0.19 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 0.18 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 0.18 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 0.25 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 0.35 0.14 <0.10 0.18

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. -- 0.21 -- 0.21

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 0.78 <0.10 -- 0.14

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 0.11 0.15 <0.10 <0.10

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 0.19 0.16 <0.10 <0.10

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 0.12 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 1.95 0.60 0.51 0.75

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 0.20 0.32 0.20 0.23

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.12

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.72 0.17 0.26 0.29

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 0.16 <0.10

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 0.14 0.13 <0.10 <0.10

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 0.20 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 0.18 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. -- <0.10 -- <0.10

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 0.20 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. -- 0.23 <0.10 <0.10

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.13

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. <0.10 0.17 <0.10 <0.10

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 0.31 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. -- <0.10 -- <0.10

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 271

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Nitrate + Nitrite dissolved and total as N, in mg/L—Continued

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 2.40 0.27 <0.10 0.38

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. -- 0.15 <0.10 <0.10

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. -- <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. -- <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 0.23 0.30 0.20 0.22

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 0.22 0.19 <0.10 0.14

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 0.19 0.29 0.22

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10

Phosphorus, dissolved as P, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 0.05 0.24 0.19 0.16

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- 0.04 0.02 0.02

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- <0.01 <0.01

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 0.06 0.14 0.12 0.09

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.14 0.08 0.10 0.09

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.08

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. -- 0.09 0.10 0.10

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 0.12 0.26 -- 0.12

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 0.25 0.21 0.29 0.25

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.11

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.15

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 0.35 0.16 0.24 0.22

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 0.17 0.14 0.20 0.17

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 0.25 0.22 0.16 0.20

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. -- 0.04 -- 0.04

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. -- 0.18 0.22 0.21

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 0.08 0.15 0.16 0.13

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 0.28 0.26 0.29 0.28

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 0.20 0.21 0.53 0.21

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
272 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Phosphorus, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 0.29 -- 0.29

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. -- 0.36 0.35 0.36

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 0.19 0.16 0.36 0.26

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 0.40 0.21 0.32 0.28

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 0.04 -- 0.62 0.55

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 0.12 0.17 0.19 0.16

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 0.02 0.12 0.03 0.04

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 0.24 0.18 0.23 0.22

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 0.16 0.13 0.07 0.11

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. 0.20 0.11 0.11 0.11

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.07

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- 0.17 0.14 0.16

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 2.10 0.47 0.19 0.45

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 0.13 0.17 0.15 0.15

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 0.17 0.20 -- 0.17

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.16

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.11

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 0.15 0.10 0.14 0.13

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.07

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 0.23 0.10 0.08 0.10

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.08

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 0.07 0.13 0.11 0.11

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. -- 0.09 0.07 0.07

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 0.10 0.17 0.13 0.14

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 0.11 0.20 0.15 0.17

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 0.06 0.15 0.14 0.13

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 0.10 0.22 0.21 0.20

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 0.02 0.07 0.09 0.07

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 0.13 0.16 0.14 0.14

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.11

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 0.05 0.09 0.36 0.09

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.08

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. -- 0.06 -- 0.06

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 0.05 0.12 0.25 0.12

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 0.17 0.15 0.33 0.18

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 273

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Phosphorus, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 0.13 0.14 0.22 0.16

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 0.02 0.12 0.08 0.08

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 0.23 0.12 0.24 0.20

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 0.15 0.08 0.21 0.15

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 0.29 0.44 0.30

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 0.02 0.15 0.16 0.14

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. -- 0.26 2.15 0.32

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. -- 0.23 0.06 0.23

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 0.88 0.13 0.14 0.14

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 0.67 0.13 0.23 0.16

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 0.24 0.30 0.25

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.18

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 0.06 0.06 -- 0.06

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- 0.20 0.03 0.05

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.03

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. <0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. <0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 0.12 0.03 0.05

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 0.02 0.03 <0.01 0.02

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.01

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.06

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 0.17 0.06 0.08 0.10

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.03

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. <0.01 0.04 0.02 <0.01

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. <0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 0.07 0.07 0.16 0.07

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. -- 0.10 -- 0.10

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 0.45 0.18 -- 0.19

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 0.06 0.06 0.19 0.06

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
274 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Phosphorus, dissolved as P, in mg/L—Continued

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 0.11 0.05 0.12 0.07

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.05

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.07

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.05

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. <0.01 0.02 0.02 <0.01

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.06

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.25 0.08 0.12 0.10

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.06

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.10

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. <0.01 0.03 <0.01 <0.01

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. -- 0.16 0.71 0.22

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 0.25 0.22 0.58 0.28

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. -- 0.03 0.03

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. -- 0.02 -- 0.02

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. <0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.02

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 0.11 0.23 0.33 0.23

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 0.12 0.19 0.20 0.18

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 0.08 0.15 0.15 0.13

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 0.04 0.26 0.07

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 0.05 0.09 0.17 0.11

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 0.06 0.14 0.10 0.09

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.13

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.12

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.13

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 0.12 0.17 0.29 0.23

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.15

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 275

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L—Continued

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.04 0.14 0.02 0.09

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.16

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.15

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 0.09 0.19 0.18 0.18

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 0.17 0.21 0.22 0.21

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 0.15 0.21 0.19 0.19

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 0.42 0.47 0.62 0.47

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 0.24 0.27 0.34 0.30

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 0.16 0.24 0.30 0.27

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. -- 0.23 0.21 0.22

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 0.14 0.20 0.29 0.20

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 0.08 0.16 0.32 0.21

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 0.32 0.31 0.46 0.33

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 0.26 0.37 0.44 0.40

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. -- -- 0.31 0.31

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 0.33 0.24 0.29

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. -- 0.30 0.74 0.38

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 0.44 0.33 0.46 0.40

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 0.10 0.29 0.33 0.30

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 0.11 0.22 0.24 0.21

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 0.05 0.18 0.10 0.14

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 0.24 0.21 0.27 0.24

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 0.15 0.22 0.41 0.28

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.22

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 0.14 0.21 0.15 0.18

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. 0.26 0.26 0.15 0.22

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 0.14 0.24 0.29 0.24

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 0.51 0.29 0.25 0.26

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 0.16 0.39 0.42 0.38

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. -- 0.25 -- 0.25

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 0.20 0.35 0.34 0.30

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. -- 0.39 0.70 0.51

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 0.18 0.30 0.31 0.28

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 0.11 0.17 0.24 0.18

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 0.09 0.08 0.13 0.09

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 0.13 0.21 0.18 0.18

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 0.05 0.10 0.21 0.09

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 0.07 0.15 0.17 0.15

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
276 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L—Continued

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 0.21 0.27 0.20 0.22

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.11

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 0.10 0.14 0.20 0.14

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.17

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. -- 0.34 0.24 0.29

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 0.13 0.26 0.23 0.23

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 0.10 0.52 0.25 0.26

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 0.05 0.12 0.18 0.14

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 0.10 0.25 0.39 0.25

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 0.17 0.28 0.24 0.25

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 0.12 0.23 0.20 0.19

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 0.08 0.17 0.37 0.17

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 0.15 0.12 0.49 0.17

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 0.09 0.22 0.19 0.18

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 0.11 0.27 0.36 0.24

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 0.16 0.24 0.40 0.27

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 0.21 0.20 0.36 0.27

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 0.17 0.26 0.36 0.27

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 0.04 0.11 0.13 0.09

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 0.16 0.19 0.34 0.26

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 0.20 0.16 0.25 0.20

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 0.35 0.56 0.36

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 0.06 0.13 0.23 0.17

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. -- 0.25 0.16 0.20

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. -- 0.15 0.20 0.18

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 0.25 0.48 0.27

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 0.21 0.25 0.31 0.27

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 0.04 0.20 0.11 0.10

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- 0.26 0.06 0.09

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 0.06 0.12 0.05 0.08

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.04

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.06

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. -- 0.32 0.45 0.38

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. -- 0.12 0.40 0.23

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 0.58 0.05 0.28

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.03

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 0.04 0.31 0.06 0.11

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 0.02 0.08 0.03 0.03

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 277

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L—Continued

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 0.05 0.40 0.11 0.20

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.08

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 0.07 0.13 0.11 0.11

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 0.04 0.10 0.10 0.08

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 0.31 0.10 0.20 0.19

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.07

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.05

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.05

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.11

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.05

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.05

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.06

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 0.13 0.10 0.19 0.13

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 0.59 0.26 -- 0.26

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 0.08 0.09 0.31 0.09

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 0.09 0.15 0.11 0.12

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 0.17 0.10 0.15 0.11

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 0.06 0.21 0.11 0.10

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. -- -- 0.07 0.07

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.05

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.05

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.11

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.48 0.24 1.05 0.28

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.12 0.20 0.40 0.25

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.20

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 0.06 0.11 0.26 0.10

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.07

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 0.02 0.09 0.27 0.06

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.06

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. -- 0.32 -- 0.32

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. <0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. -- 0.25 0.96 0.34

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 0.30 0.27 0.67 0.36

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.05

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
278 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Phosphorus, total as P, in mg/L—Continued

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.04

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.04

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.04

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.05

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. -- 0.30 0.53 0.50

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 0.06 0.10 0.11 0.09

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. -- 0.25 0.43 0.28

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 0.17 0.20 0.34 0.26

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 0.25 0.21 0.37 0.25

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 0.11 0.48 0.13

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 0.58 0.26 0.51 0.34

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 0.13 0.22 0.46 0.30

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. -- 0.36 0.68 0.47

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 2.10 0.27 0.40 0.33

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 1.29 0.35 0.50 0.50

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 0.25 0.51 0.35

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 0.25 0.32 0.45 0.33

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- 0.30 0.50 0.33

Organic carbon, dissolved as C, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 12.2 11.7 13.0 12.8

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- 8.8 -- 8.8

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 8.6 8.6

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 7.5 8.1 7.8 8.0

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.8

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 11.1 12.3 13.2 12.5

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 7.1 8.7 7.5 8.4

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 10.0 -- 8.9 10.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 8.2 10.3 7.8 8.3

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. -- -- 11.3 11.3

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 5.9 12.5 15.5 13.3

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 17.0 14.0 10.5 14.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 12.0 12.5 10.0 12.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 16.5 11.0 10.4 11.7

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 10.7 9.2 7.8 9.1

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 9.2 10.0 6.3 8.9

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- -- 8.7 8.7

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 279

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Organic carbon, dissolved as C, in mg/L—Continued

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 12.3 12.0 10.2 10.5

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 10.0 10.4 10.0 10.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 23.0 15.0 -- 19.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 8.0 10.3 8.5 8.6

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 8.0 9.0 8.8 8.8

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 5.1 7.9 9.8 8.2

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 5.5 8.6 8.7 8.5

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 12.0 -- 9.7 10.9

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 3.7 7.4 5.9 6.2

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 7.6 7.8 8.1 7.8

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. -- 9.1 -- 9.1

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 8.4 12.0 9.6 11.0

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 4.7 8.1 6.6 7.2

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 12.2 20.5 14.1 16.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 9.1 8.9 11.0 10.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 13.5 11.0 12.5 12.0

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 40.0 24.0 23.0 24.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 11.0 13.0 10.5 11.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 41.5 16.0 14.5 16.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 10.5 14.5 17.3 16.4

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 18.6 14.4 16.2 15.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 17.2 13.0 15.7 14.4

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. -- 13.5 12.5 13.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 26.0 15.0 17.0 16.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 5.5 6.0 4.1 4.9

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 14.0 12.5 11.0 13.0

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 12.0 11.0 10.5 11.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 13.0 24.0 -- 21.0

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 17.0 20.5 15.0 18.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 10.8 8.9 8.0 8.8

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 11.5 13.0 11.0 12.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 9.4 8.9 10.9 9.7

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.3

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 16.5 14.5 15.5 15.0

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 36.0 20.5 23.5 22.0

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 14.0 12.0 13.0 13.0

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 15.0 17.0 18.0 17.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 17.6 15.8 17.5 17.0

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
280 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Organic carbon, dissolved as C, in mg/L—Continued

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 13.0 13.0 12.0 12.0

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 12.0 12.0 9.9 11.0

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 22.0 12.5 18.0 18.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 12.5 15.0 14.0 13.5

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 10.0 12.0 11.1 11.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 8.5 12.0 10.0 10.0

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 18.0 16.5 13.0 16.5

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. -- 9.5 -- 9.5

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 26.0 17.0 -- 17.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 20.0 23.5 21.0 23.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 27.5 18.5 22.5 23.5

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 22.5 16.0 28.0 18.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 20.0 19.0 21.0 20.0

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 15.0 12.5 18.0 14.0

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 9.7 10.0 11.5 10.0

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 20.0 14.5 21.0 18.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 26.0 14.5 13.0 14.0

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 40.0 19.0 10.5 21.5

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 18.0 15.5 17.0 17.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 8.4 12.5 14.0 12.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 11.2 11.4 13.5 11.4

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 8.4 9.4 7.4 7.9

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 14.0 10.3 15.0 13.0

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 19.0 16.0 13.0 17.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 15.0 16.0 17.0 16.0

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 11.0 14.0 12.0 12.5

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 23.3 15.0 9.3 12.3

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 16.0 21.0 13.0 15.0

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. -- 15.2 9.5 12.8

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 9.9 9.6 9.3 9.6

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 36.5 28.0 25.0 30.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 12.2 19.1 19.5 17.9

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 5.4 13.9 11.6 12.7

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 7.5 12.2 10.8 11.4

Organic carbon, total as C, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 12.2 11.0 13.0 11.5

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 281

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Organic carbon, total as C, in mg/L—Continued

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 8.6 8.6

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 7.2 8.1 7.7 7.9

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- 9.0 -- 9.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 10.8 11.7 12.8 12.0

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 6.8 8.0 7.5 7.8

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 10.0 15.5 10.0 12.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 8.4 8.4 7.2 7.7

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. -- -- 11.3 11.3

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 6.0 13.7 12.0 11.6

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 5.7 11.6 8.1 9.6

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 12.3 10.7 10.3 10.6

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 11.5 9.3 7.3 8.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 9.1 8.8 6.4 8.7

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- -- 8.5 8.5

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 12.8 11.4 10.0 11.0

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. -- 17.0 -- 17.0

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 16.0 14.0 14.5 15.0

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. -- 18.0 17.0 17.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 8.0 9.6 8.6 8.6

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 7.9 8.2 7.5 8.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 5.9 9.4 8.7 8.8

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 15.0 17.0 15.0 15.5

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 3.3 6.7 5.3 5.5

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 7.5 7.8 8.1 7.8

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 4.6 7.7 6.5 7.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 8.4 8.4 7.9 8.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 19.0 13.5 14.5 15.5

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 15.3 16.6 15.7 16.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 19.0 22.0 16.0 17.5

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 11.2 15.3 18.2 17.3

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 21.9 16.0 18.5 17.8

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 14.0 15.0 15.9 15.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 14.0 17.5 20.0 16.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. -- 17.0 23.0 19.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 16.0 18.0 18.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 17.0 22.0 17.5

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 22.0 16.0 22.1 21.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 4.5 7.0 2.9 6.0

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
282 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Organic carbon, total as C, in mg/L—Continued

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 25.5 18.0 16.0 16.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. -- 25.0 24.0 24.0

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. -- 20.5 24.0 22.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 10.6 7.1 7.8 7.5

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 20.0 11.5 13.0 13.0

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 6.6 5.0 4.2 5.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 17.3 15.9 16.1 16.1

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. -- 14.0 -- 14.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 8.2 11.4 11.6 11.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 12.0 13.2 11.9 12.0

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 18.0 11.8 13.3 12.3

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 8.8 8.7 6.6 7.6

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 3.9 3.8 4.4 4.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 22.7 11.7 8.4 10.2

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. -- 12.7 8.9 11.6

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 14.0 11.0 10.5 12.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. -- 14.0 17.0 14.5

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 12.5 17.6 20.2 17.6

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. -- 14.5 16.0 15.0

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 14.5 17.0 15.0

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. -- 16.0 20.0 16.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 5.4 13.1 12.0 12.8

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 12.3 13.2 12.6 13.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. -- 13.5 18.5 14.5

Aluminum, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 202 1,080 695 705

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 238 238

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 144 733 836 659

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 369 2,180 1,745 1,530

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. <100 -- -- <100

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 250 3,250 3,010 2,800

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. -- 7,730 2,970 3,380

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 234 961 853 688

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 232 1,030 714 577

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 264 1,370 906 831

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. <100 157 101 103

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 253 1,470 962 870

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 283

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Aluminum, total, in μg/L—Continued

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 358 3,040 1,170 1,190

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. -- 8,470 2,560 3,140

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- -- 1,720 1,720

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 443 2,635 1,850 1,570

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. -- 8,910 2,910 4,720

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 161 914 1,004 777

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 228 2,410 1,660 1,440

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 133 979 490 513

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 132 571 573 416

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 124 879 543 377

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 156 6,840 1,330 1,255

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 304 5,135 2,565 2,565

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 134 153 215 160

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. <100 179 346 154

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 115 <100 <100 <100

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 332 742 440 515

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. <100 125 <100 <100

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. <100 641 400 313

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. <100 103 104 101

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 140 235 477 235

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. -- 220 169 204

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 135 <100 <100

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. -- <100 <100 <100

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 130 <100 <100

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 470 104 335 326

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- 501 362 369

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 52,500 2,680 20,050

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 1,575 18,200 3,055 6,430

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. -- 185 150 185

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 1,770 40,300 3,335 12,350

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 328 3,010 1,415 1,415

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 129 433 242 215

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 145 1,410 484 484

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 107 645 590 528

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 115 547 237 272

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 401 1,800 1,230 1,430

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 276 1,405 560 780

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 437 2,200 902 1,230

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
284 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Aluminum, total, in μg/L—Continued

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. -- <100 207 100

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 138 286 375 269

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. -- 182 403 239

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. -- 186 282 210

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 115 290 360 299

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 207 1,015 961 767

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 277 628 451

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- 753 1,070 786

Arsenic, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 5.8 5.3 9.2 6.1

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 7.2 7.2

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 24.9 24.9

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 2.2 2.8 4.6 3.3

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2.1 2.8 3.3 3.0

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 2.6 4.3 4.5 4.2

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 6.1 6.9 11.0 7.4

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.8

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 2.5 4.1 5.9 5.2

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 2.4 4.9 5.1 5.1

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 3.3 4.7 8.0 5.1

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 4.1 5.6 8.4 6.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 3.2 4.1 6.6 5.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. -- 3.1 -- 3.1

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 5.9 3.3 5.4 4.8

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 5.4 4.6 6.5 5.9

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 5.3 6.8 7.6 6.8

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. -- 9.5 7.7 8.1

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- 6.4 6.6 6.4

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 5.6 6.8 10.1 7.9

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 4.7 7.3 7.7 7.2

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. -- 5.6 6.3 6.2

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 3.2 4.6 7.5 5.1

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 2.1 4.4 5.3 4.3

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 2.6 4.4 8.1 4.6

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 2.2 3.6 5.7 3.7

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 2.2 3.3 7.2 3.4

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. -- 4.7 3.1 3.8

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 1.8 8.6 5.7 5.4

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 285

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Arsenic, total, in μg/L—Continued

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 2.5 5.6 6.2 5.5

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 3.2 4.7 8.7 6.0

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 2.1 3.0 5.5 3.3

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 4.2 6.0 7.6 6.3

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 2.6 4.8 7.4 5.4

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 4.6 4.8 8.3 6.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 3.0 3.9 8.5 4.7

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 1.4 4.2 3.0 2.9

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 3.0 2.9 7.0 4.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 4.0 3.1 6.8 5.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 5.0 7.2 5.2

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 2.0 3.3 4.7 4.1

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. -- 3.1 3.4 3.4

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 4.1 7.8 5.4

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 5.0 2.8 6.1 5.1

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- 5.5 6.0 5.5

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 19.8 2.6 8.2

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 2.5 8.7 3.3 4.0

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. -- 1.9 1.2 1.6

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 2.2 16.3 4.2 6.9

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. -- 2.1 2.0 2.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 1.8 3.0 5.4 3.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. <1.0 1.9 3.1 1.9

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 1.2 2.6 2.3 2.2

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. <1.0 2.2 2.4 2.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.3

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. <1.0 2.1 2.8 2.1

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 1.3 2.8 2.5 2.5

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 1.4 2.6 2.1 2.2

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. -- 3.0 5.7 4.2

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 3.1 3.6 5.9 4.3

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. -- 2.9 5.2 3.7

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. -- 2.9 8.9 4.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. -- 4.0 8.8 5.3

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 2.9 3.3 5.4 3.9

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 3.5 4.0 6.3 4.9

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 3.2 8.6 5.0

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
286 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Arsenic, total, in μg/L—Continued

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. -- 2.0 5.0 3.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- 3.5 6.0 4.1

Chromium, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. <1.2 1.4 1.3 <1.2

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 1.8 1.8

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 1.3 1.3

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. <1.2 <1.2 1.4 <1.2

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. <1.2 3.0 2.3 2.2

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. <1.2 3.1 1.8 1.9

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. <1.2 5.1 5.2 4.1

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. -- 6.4 4.9 5.1

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. <1.2 1.5 <1.2 <1.2

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. <1.2 1.3 <1.2 <1.2

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. <1.2 1.8 1.4 1.3

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. -- <1.2 -- <1.2

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. <1.2 2.4 1.6 1.5

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. <1.2 4.6 1.8 1.8

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. -- 11.9 3.8 4.9

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- 6.2 3.9 4.9

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. <1.2 3.6 2.7 2.3

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. -- 11.3 3.6 6.8

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. <1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. <1.2 4.5 2.6 2.3

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. <1.2 1.8 <1.2 <1.2

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. <1.2 1.6 <1.2 <1.2

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. -- 4.2 3.6 3.6

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. <1.2 15.8 2.4 2.4

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 <1.2 8.7 4.5 4.5

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 287

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Chromium, total, in μg/L—Continued

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 1.7 1.5 <1.2 <1.2

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 54.9 3.4 21.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 3.4 20.9 4.2 8.8

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 2.9 39.7 4.5 15.1

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. <1.2 3.4 2.2 2.2

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. <1.2 2.0 <1.2 <1.2

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. <1.2 2.3 1.7 1.8

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. <1.2 2.2 <1.2 1.4

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. <1.2 3.1 1.8 2.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. <1.2 1.7 1.8 1.4

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- <1.2 1.6 1.3

Iron, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 356 1,200 1,020 955

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 310 657 421 400

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 302 1,038 444 505

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 288 908 1,110 806

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 262 1,370 1,170 1,011

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 320 3,885 2,420 2,540

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 549 2,265 2,090 1,605

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 306 2,160 810 1,410

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 392 4,040 3,210 2,960

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 287 3,405 2,410 2,725

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 366 932 987 701

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
288 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Iron, total, in μg/L—Continued

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 266 1,021 553 585

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 2,900 <10 1,455

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 309 1,340 911 857

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. -- 161 -- 161

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 91 202 113 134

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. -- 647 690 691

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 332 1,855 991 1,010

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 511 3,915 1,535 1,730

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. -- 2,751 2,800 2,800

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 558 3,625 1,620 1,620

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 439 2,865 1,880 1,680

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 502 4,940 3,920 3,160

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. -- 5,100 5,500 5,100

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 326 1,115 1,130 1,030

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 339 3,520 1,840 1,830

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 243 1,395 702 742

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 202 574 768 522

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 146 798 624 578

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 1,210 2,920 1,405 1,810

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 179 5,850 1,130 1,200

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. -- 649 -- 649

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 375 6,790 3,275 3,220

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba -- <10 11 11

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 236 375 595 481

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 327 713 672 554

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 150 210 100 170

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 994 1,115 783 858

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 427 332 213 305

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 429 1,300 700 709

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 390 206 326 353

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 490 560 1,100 790

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 708 510 461 497

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 250 152 226

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 140 181 220 195

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. -- 50 44 50

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 272 284 272

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 797 204 532 500

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- 1,000 619 783

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 289

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Iron, total, in μg/L—Continued

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 63,450 2,470 20,150

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 2,600 17,600 3,305 5,650

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. -- 273 272 273

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 2,870 34,650 3,005 10,800

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. -- 28 80 74

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 697 3,170 1,855 1,865

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. -- 923 631 879

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 469 771 457 593

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 634 1,610 655 782

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 932 788 879 860

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 410 511 370 420

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 361 850 5,140 788

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 268 1,000 888 838

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. -- 1,350 -- 1,350

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 281 795 359 422

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. -- 619 1,740 1,173

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 411 1,400 1,040 1,130

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 356 1,405 577 919

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 485 2,330 785 1,004

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. -- 714 1,360 1,350

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. -- 167 438 170

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 328 362 535 458

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. -- 309 507 375

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. -- 140 200 170

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 216 312 636 397

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 508 471 594 532

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 507 1,460 1,360 1,280

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 421 822 596

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. -- 401 1,150 503

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- 1,110 1,580 1,130

Lead, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. <1.0 <1.0 1.1 <1.0

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 6.4 6.4

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 1.1 1.1

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. <1.0 1.7 1.7 1.6

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. <1.0 5.6 1.1 1.8

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. <1.0 1.7 1.9 1.6

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
290 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Lead, total, in μg/L—Continued

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. -- 4.8 2.8 3.4

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. -- 6.8 -- 6.8

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. <1.0 1.1 <1.0 <1.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. <1.0 3.4 1.3 1.4

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. -- 6.7 2.1 2.2

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- 8.3 2.8 4.8

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. <1.0 1.8 2.0 1.5

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. -- 5.3 3.4 3.4

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. <1.0 1.6 1.1 <1.0

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. <1.0 1.3 <1.0 <1.0

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. <1.0 1.6 <1.0 <1.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. -- 4.5 <1.0 2.5

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. <1.0 7.7 <1.0 <1.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 <1.0 3.3 1.7 1.4

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 8.0 1.9 2.3 1.9

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 6.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. <1.0 1.3 <1.0 <1.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 3.0 1.2 3.1 2.8

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 1.2 <1.0

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. -- <1.0 1.6 <1.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. -- 1.3 3.3 1.3

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 2.0 1.9 <1.0 1.1

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 40.7 1.1 12.8

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 3.0 13.1 2.3 6.6

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 4.0 32.0 3.3 12.4

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 291

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Lead, total, in μg/L—Continued

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. <1.0 1.9 1.3 1.4

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. <1.0 1.2 <1.0 <1.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. <1.0 2.1 1.4 1.3

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. <1.0 1.6 1.1 1.1

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. <1.0 2.2 1.3 1.4

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. <1.0 1.2 1.3 <1.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Nickel, total, in μg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 8.2 6.8 8.3 7.5

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- 17.4 17.4

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 3.4 5.0 4.4 4.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 8.9 10.6 10.7 10.3

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 7.7 -- -- 7.7

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 4.0 8.5 8.3 7.8

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. -- 15.2 9.5 14.9

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 4.5 5.6 5.6 5.4

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 4.6 5.8 5.4 5.7

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 5.3 8.3 8.0 7.6

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 5.9 6.2 6.0 6.1

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 7.4 11.8 12.1 11.1

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 8.0 13.5 10.2 10.7

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. -- 28.6 12.4 16.2

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- -- 13.1 13.1

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 8.5 13.8 10.6 10.6

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. -- 16.3 10.1 13.9

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 8.8 11.4 10.9 10.7

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 4.2 10.4 9.0 7.7

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 7.0 9.7 9.5 9.5

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 5.0 8.2 8.9 7.5

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
292 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Nickel, total, in μg/L—Continued

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 9.1 8.7 10.0 9.3

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 6.8 21.4 8.6 9.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 3.6 13.9 9.2 9.1

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.3

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 3.4 3.7 4.1 3.8

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 9.1 3.7 3.4 4.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 7.7 6.8 6.5 6.9

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 6.2 4.5 4.6 4.6

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 5.1 5.8 5.5 5.5

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.8

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 3.0 3.5 5.0 3.6

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. -- 3.9 4.9 4.8

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 2.5 4.0 3.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. -- 4.0 4.2 4.1

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 2.0 5.0 2.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 6.9 3.9 3.8 4.5

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- 4.5 5.1 4.7

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 66.5 8.8 26.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 10.7 27.3 11.1 13.6

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. -- 6.3 3.9 4.2

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 10.0 47.0 11.3 21.7

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 6.3 10.1 8.1 9.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 4.8 6.0 5.1 5.4

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 5.6 8.7 6.4 7.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 6.8 7.6 7.9 7.6

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 5.3 6.6 4.8 5.3

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 8.2 10.7 9.8 9.9

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 7.4 10.4 9.6 9.6

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 7.4 13.1 7.6 9.2

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. -- 4.8 3.3 4.7

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. -- 4.1 3.9 3.9

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. -- 6.0 4.8 5.9

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.1

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 5.5 7.8 6.9 7.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 6.1 5.9 6.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- 6.3 6.0 6.3

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 293

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Total suspended solids, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 11 36 46 36

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- 128 -- 128

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. -- -- <10 <10

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. <10 38 46 36

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 16 92 80 65

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. <10 132 69 68

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. <10 70 41 41

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 12 141 118 95

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 17 172 139 139

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. <10 29 16 20

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. <10 24 17 19

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. -- <10 <10 <10

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. -- <10 -- <10

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- <10 472 <10

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. -- 49 99 53

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. -- 24 <10 14

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. <10 48 32 34

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 19 <10 17

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. <10 12 <10 <10

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. <10 67 40 40

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 13 161 54 65

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, N. Dak. 40 212 121 102

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. -- 223 78 159

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 14 89 64 62

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 21 79 130 102

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. -- -- 46 46

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 27 184 137 157

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 22 13 25 14

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. <10 43 44 40

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. <10 170 69 79

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. <10 55 33 34

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. <10 37 19 19

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. <10 36 22 23

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. -- 112 58 58

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. <10 719 72 83

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 25 140 123 90

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 12 217 122 139

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 11 <10 19 14

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
294 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Total suspended solids, in mg/L—Continued

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. <10 19 18 13

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. <10 <10 <10 <10

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 16 39 29 31

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. <10 <10 <10 <10

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. <10 34 23 20

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. <10 <10 <10 <10

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. <10 17 35 16

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. -- <10 15 14

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 14 <10 <10

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. -- <10 <10 <10

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. -- -- 15 15

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 11 <10 11

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. <10 <10 18 12

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 22 -- 77 58

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. -- 26 19 24

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 33 180 66 48

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. -- 2,212 81 257

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 74 643 96 198

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. -- <10 <10 <10

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 98 1,138 97 314

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. -- -- <10 <10

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 14 63 41 41

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 11 <10 <10 <10

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. -- 28 <10 15

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. <10 16 <10 11

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. <10 47 18 19

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 23 <10 20 16

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 28 13 <10 <10

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 67 38 49 49

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. <10 29 <10 25

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 17 -- 56 37

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. -- 93 -- 93

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. <10 32 25 25

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. <10 22 <10 12

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. -- 14 35 17

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. -- 30 36 32

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 11 31 23 23

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. -- -- <10 <10

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 295

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Total suspended solids, in mg/L—Continued

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 13 47 43 39

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 11 48 26 31

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 19 78 24 35

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. -- -- 125 125

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. <10 <10 <10 <10

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 11 14 17 13

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 11 16 29 16

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 11 45 11

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. <10 21 38 28

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. -- 11 39 26

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. <10 19 26 17

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. <10 56 54 42

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. -- 16 31 18

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 11 42 77 43

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line -- 60 93 62

Suspended-sediment concentration, in mg/L

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 10 62 49 49

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 10 108 91 72

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 24 44 51 42

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 10 177 103 115

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 13 114 61 43

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 12 179 179 164

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. -- 21 95 58

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. -- 394 6 200

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. -- 17 17 17

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 14 169 48 102

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 35 105 74 74

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. -- -- 120 120

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 30 296 198 225

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 16 169 107 76

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 23 40 16 24

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 9 30 35 28

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 10 151 98 125

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 16 17 12 15

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 16 41 21 34

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 12 115 83 76

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 38 42 18 38

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. -- 266 52 192

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
296 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Suspended-sediment concentration, in mg/L—Continued

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. -- 574 -- 574

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 4 22 12 14

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 44 668 38 210

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 19 476 22 122

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 136 817 150 681

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 4 77 39 44

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. -- 136 14 42

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 86 189 230 190

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 19 205 153 115

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 36 19 15 22

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 16 41 18 23

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 10 17 12 13

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 10 31 18 16

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 7 6 8 8

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 35 25 33 26

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 28 11 37 12

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. -- 14 7 14

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. -- 11 16 12

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. -- 7 2 7

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. -- 11 49 11

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. -- 16 24 16

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 28 20 17 21

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 46 444 182 178

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 121 84 72 78

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 48 32 25 32

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 94 103 108 104

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 88 95 41 71

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 64 107 66 80

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 192 2,122 1,060 1,028

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. <1 <1 3 2

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 69 65 43 62

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 50 27 30 31

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 54 106 107 89

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 78 69 88 78

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 57 43 45 48

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 25 30 17 25

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 18 41 54 41

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 52 70 45 53

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]
Appendix 1 297

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Winter Spring Summer Period of 

record

Suspended-sediment concentration, in mg/L—Continued

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 21 56 53 39

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 41 85 68 66

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 32 28 10 28

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 39 28 114 29

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 112 59 -- 60

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 81 44 25 47

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 170 161 139 159

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 65 28 36 35

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 102 73 44 68

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 22 17 10 17

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 40 53 43 44

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 34 28 41 29

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 84 136 91 97

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 1,901 157 200 179

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 57 68 191 68

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 135 103 112 125

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 43 33 38 34

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 26 120 34 42

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 13 24 20 16

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 115 352 134 146

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 47 66 71 58

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 42 30 9 22

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 50 60 98 67

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 45 42 38 44

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 47 406 71 90

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 98 54 37 63

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 71 12 8 11

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 75 10 10 11

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 51 21 38 30

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. -- 8 8 8

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 22 22 39 32

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 79 28 42 39

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 47 67 69 65

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 87 59 109 89

Table 1–5. Median seasonal concentrations for selected constituents at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—

Continued

[Winter, January–February, November–December; Spring, March–June; Summer, July–October; mg/L, milligrams per liter; --, not available; N, nitrogen; <. less 

than; P, phosphorus; C, carbon; μg/L, micrograms per liter]

216 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, field, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 27 2003–2007 1,228 586 2,130

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 334 1971–2008 526 200 1,050

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 1,738 1,738 1,738

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 32 2000–2007 655 490 811

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 65 1970–1999 478 396 672

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 349 1975–2008 550 238 1,590

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 166 1971–2008 1,245 100 3,810

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 56 1970–1979 918 180 4,320

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 22 2001–2008 957 240 1,430

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 407 1970–2008 1,190 150 3,750

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 535 1970–2008 572 180 1,400

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 176 1970–1986 557 290 1,140

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 32 2003–2007 752 612 1,072

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 30 1997–2007 759 352 964

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 323 1971–2008 1,298 210 2,300

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 43 1970–1975 600 190 932

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 17 2003–2006 1,186 635 1,506

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 420 1970–2008 852 210 1,900

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 98 1987–2008 764 268 2,130

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 263 1971–2008 970 240 2,900

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 214 1971–2008 740 169 2,120

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 129 1986–2008 710 220 2,740

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 12 1980–1986 755 660 960

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 164 1980–2008 566 145 1,819

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 35 1998–2008 963 525 1,830

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 36 1998–2008 887 392 2,390

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 97 1976–1998 785 225 2,920

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 247 1970–1997 799 300 2,800

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 46 1970–1986 2,745 608 8,400

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 175 1983–2008 938 260 3,590

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 41 1999–2007 3,976 418 9,360

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 542 1970–2008 945 220 2,000

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 371 1971–2008 900 210 1,750

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 406 1971–2008 810 285 1,630

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 99 1971–2005 725 235 1,480

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 482 1970–2008 890 110 1,865

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 589 1971–2008 800 180 1,770

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

175 1992–2008 955 418 2,000

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 217

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, field, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 50 1976–1992 820 348 1,160

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 89 1993–2007 697 310 1,770

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 338 1970–2008 860 237 1,700

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 158 1972–2008 925 185 3,200

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 340 1971–2008 1,420 275 2,800

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 108 1971–2008 1,110 240 2,620

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 161 1995–2008 1,310 305 3,767

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 30 1995–2005 916 365 1,406

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 275 1971–2008 1,050 208 4,000

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 26 1981–1987 948 195 1,720

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 14 1981–1987 367 125 800

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 49 1970–1996 944 473 1,500

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 23 1981–1987 668 248 1,530

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 582 1972–2008 670 245 1,650

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 311 1970–2003 1,125 205 3,650

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 104 1970–1992 1,145 260 2,300

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 378 1970–2008 1,350 204 3,400

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 601 1970–2008 540 200 1,526

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 205 1991–2008 907 283 1,534

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 83 1971–2008 2,610 605 7,300

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 80 1973–2005 518 260 1,150

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 77 1972–1990 780 180 5,100

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 326 1971–2008 710 120 1,520

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 333 1971–2008 840 240 2,120

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 214 1971–1994 750 220 1,390

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 117 1971–1986 580 97 808

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 18 1978–1980 346 227 690

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 128 1971–1984 835 150 2,000

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 324 1970–2008 1,180 289 3,920

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 401 1971–2008 640 275 2,010

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 50 1972–1986 440 233 1,920

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 87 1971–1995 818 232 1,680

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 53 1972–1988 590 155 1,900

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 90 1970–1979 768 290 1,720

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 202 1970–2008 823 204 1,120

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 400 1970–2008 787 239 1,780

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 338 1971–2008 840 250 1,700

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 262 1971–2008 581 235 1,490

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 147 1970–2008 706 310 3,258

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
218 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, field, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 403 1974–2004 600 130 1,810

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 276 1971–2008 1,210 200 11,920

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 22 1978–1981 1,590 565 3,850

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 502 1970–2008 1,130 128 3,500

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 380 1971–2008 883 260 2,900

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 362 1971–2008 1,471 150 3,330

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 410 1970–2008 1,045 248 5,293

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 1,100 260 2,860

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 477 1970–2008 1,140 315 3,482

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 342 1971–2008 713 225 2,630

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 413 1970–2008 990 355 3,100

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 267 1971–2008 875 140 3,210

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 85 1986–2000 928 170 3,640

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 149 1972–2007 862 208 1,930

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 69 1971–1981 1,100 186 2,450

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 59 1972–1980 1,100 322 2,080

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 74 1975–2000 1,032 215 2,470

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 99 1975–1989 865 280 2,120

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 163 1972–2000 1,000 200 3,200

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 663 1970–2008 980 58 4,220

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 126 1971–2006 2,020 280 4,750

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 103 1970–1992 700 370 900

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 283 1971–2008 2,050 220 3,450

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 36 1977–1981 1,960 220 2,800

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 66 1976–1983 2,425 220 4,500

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 63 1977–1982 2,000 200 2,400

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 141 1970–1982 1,790 220 3,000

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 491 1970–2008 2,500 230 4,080

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 106 1971–1981 2,400 235 3,500

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 97 1991–2008 3,090 230 4,220

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 112 1990–2008 1,998 170 3,680

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 347 1971–2008 1,530 250 3,960

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 60 1977–1983 3,775 795 5,250

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 138 1971–2008 1,746 376 5,316

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 197 1977–2008 2,260 310 6,200

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 724 1971–2008 1,630 400 5,000

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 488 1971–2007 650 530 810

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 385 1972–2008 1,750 129 4,200

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 23 1975–1981 2,100 550 5,430

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 219

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, field, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 182 1972–1981 1,865 285 3,680

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 98 1972–1995 1,018 185 3,740

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 382 1971–2008 1,945 179 5,800

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 67 1977–1983 1,760 120 3,300

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 170 1974–1990 1,750 150 2,500

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 52 1977–1981 2,028 150 4,400

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 52 1977–1981 1,875 250 2,200

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 399 1970–2008 1,600 135 3,600

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 101 1972–1995 1,010 150 2,220

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 601 1970–2008 1,530 180 3,100

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 60 1977–1985 1,380 150 3,180

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 82 1977–1986 395 65 1,400

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 21 1978–1983 760 110 2,740

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 32 1975–1981 2,000 278 3,380

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 56 1977–1983 1,445 210 3,440

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 64 1978–1988 1,050 140 2,300

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 51 1978–1983 2,180 210 4,010

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 118 1986–2003 1,410 182 5,100

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 324 1970–2003 1,522 112 4,600

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 27 1977–1981 1,090 125 1,550

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 70 1977–1982 1,180 110 1,650

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 48 1977–1982 1,110 178 2,130

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 321 1971–2008 1,290 410 2,600

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 195 1972–2008 970 110 2,250

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 282 1970–2008 660 360 822

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 38 1979–1996 658 222 2,500

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 26 1978–1996 1,603 243 4,740

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 108 1975–2005 2,130 226 4,450

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 90 1984–1994 1,945 585 2,770

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 408 1971–2008 1,062 150 6,930

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 64 1970–1975 1,635 150 2,850

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 386 1971–2008 1,670 220 4,800

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 160 1988–2008 1,700 398 3,500

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 103 1971–2008 909 357 2,030

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 111 1991–2008 1,850 161 2,900

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 229 1971–1995 1,150 118 2,900

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 152 1988–2008 1,380 260 2,660

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 127 1971–2008 1,050 200 2,140

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 492 1971–2008 1,350 240 3,500

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
220 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, field, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 117 1988–2004 1,074 121 2,400

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 339 1971–2008 1,260 100 2,570

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 141 1974–1981 675 550 801

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 39 1978–1981 2,480 405 4,240

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 109 1974–1983 1,930 145 4,800

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 407 1970–2008 1,830 172 3,310

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 129 1972–1982 1,930 305 6,930

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 72 2001–2008 1,600 402 5,473

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 140 1972–1995 3,100 296 6,500

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 343 1971–2008 2,020 255 5,000

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 50 1977–1981 2,600 810 4,250

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 63 1971–1976 2,500 447 6,700

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 333 1972–2008 1,600 200 4,400

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 573 1970–2008 1,632 190 4,860

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 185 1972–1989 880 130 2,400

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 141 1989–2008 1,088 150 1,650

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 87 1991–1999 1,163 100 2,610

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 111 1974–1987 4,900 555 9,490

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 126 1971–1998 800 75 1,360

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 303 1972–2008 930 130 3,000

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 212 1985–2008 891 216 2,640

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 17 1986–1989 550 260 890

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 140 1978–2008 772 295 1,620

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 223 1974–2008 940 130 2,566

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 24 1971–1974 900 350 1,440

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 349 1972–2008 860 185 1,915

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 386 1970–2008 820 160 2,585

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 167 1972–2008 1,200 140 3,327

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 166 1970–2008 920 250 4,650

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 115 1974–2008 840 255 3,900

Specific conductance, laboratory, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 1,275 261 3,690

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 53 1991–2008 604 414 1,320

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 720 583 1,640

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 608 338 879

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 20 1997–1999 528 423 1,160

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 78 1980–2008 549 261 957

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 35 1984–2008 1,540 261 3,820

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 944 579 1,400

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 221

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, laboratory, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 117 1980–2008 1,360 142 2,800

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 92 1983–2008 662 236 1,040

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 71 1980–1986 623 399 1,010

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 726 372 1,080

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 59 1993–2007 734 359 1,200

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 140 1980–2008 1,370 322 2,300

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 1,140 621 1,550

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 85 1972–2008 939 310 1,420

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 32 1987–2008 705 280 1,980

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 92 1983–2008 885 308 1,700

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 94 1983–2008 762 205 2,080

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 702 268 2,680

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 1 1984 757 757 757

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 88 1983–2008 576 150 1,260

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 941 526 1,880

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 15 1999–2008 1,010 400 2,020

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 19 1980–1998 862 545 2,748

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 71 1972–1997 692 448 1,640

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 12 1980–1986 2,585 2,190 3,460

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 72 1988–2008 757 423 1,900

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 3,910 1,890 6,110

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 150 1980–2008 1,050 314 1,600

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 60 1972–2008 827 233 1,420

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 141 1980–2008 950 410 1,530

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 17 1992–2005 784 390 1,230

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 182 1980–2008 983 410 1,500

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 193 1981–2008 936 478 1,440

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

42 1993–2008 994 437 1,290

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 1 1992 796 796 796

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1994–2007 847 436 1,180

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 44 1983–2008 922 409 1,370

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 24 1991–2008 1,335 358 2,650

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 32 1992–2008 1,250 474 1,960

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 17 1995–2008 1,140 491 1,740

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 72 1995–2008 1,360 347 3,630

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 36 1993–2005 955 546 1,410

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 36 1983–2008 1,045 282 1,660

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 1 1993 1,350 1,350 1,350

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
222 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, laboratory, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 1 1996 468 468 468

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1993 1,160 1,080 1,290

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 136 1980–2008 703 299 1,090

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 58 1981–2003 1,124 225 2,740

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 117 1988–2008 1,380 402 2,120

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 145 1983–2008 626 274 1,060

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 99 1991–2008 905 282 1,540

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 78 1981–2008 2,690 820 7,280

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 16 1991–2005 552 343 832

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 1 1987 504 504 504

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 33 1992–2008 824 448 1,470

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 106 1987–2008 965 487 4,820

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 7 1981–1994 618 294 866

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 99 1988–2008 1,210 336 3,330

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 50 1991–2008 677 394 1,450

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 5 1992–1995 676 328 1,070

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 16 2001–2008 811 473 1,000

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 80 1980–2008 791 412 1,190

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 111 1990–2008 854 350 1,270

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 36 1980–2008 584 305 697

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 709 440 786

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 150 1994–2008 693 316 1,580

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 114 1980–2004 704 413 1,780

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 41 1982–2008 1,350 338 2,850

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 3 1981 1,330 628 2,120

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 217 1980–2008 1,110 265 3,560

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 113 1972–2008 996 470 2,370

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 168 1983–2008 1,625 196 3,210

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 174 1981–2008 1,196 324 5,120

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 1,115 269 2,880

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 249 1981–2008 1,390 312 3,400

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 89 1980–2008 762 315 1,990

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 158 1981–2008 919 398 2,080

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 121 1983–2008 959 290 2,290

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 84 1986–2000 760 220 3,650

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 54 1987–2007 945 271 1,450

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 1 1981 679 679 679

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 1,145 444 1,460

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 49 1986–1989 660 285 1,520

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 223

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, laboratory, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 86 1986–2000 920 268 2,830

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 143 1980–2008 960 415 3,110

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 1 2006 4,060 4,060 4,060

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 19 1980–1992 720 417 913

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 44 1983–2008 1,975 260 2,530

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 6 1980–1981 1,670 217 2,750

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 18 1980–1982 2,020 221 2,320

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 113 1980–2008 2,600 256 3,630

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 60 1991–2008 3,140 219 3,920

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 57 1991–2008 1,890 176 3,360

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 43 1990–2008 1,400 320 3,120

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 16 1980–1983 3,705 839 5,320

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 104 1993–2008 1,700 405 5,300

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 50 1980–2008 2,295 336 3,380

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 164 1980–2008 1,680 401 4,070

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 156 1980–2007 647 547 812

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 50 1980–2008 1,400 144 2,980

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 4 1981 1,175 675 2,170

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 11 1980–1981 1,410 813 3,880

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 7 1981–1995 947 359 2,990

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 96 1987–2008 1,980 290 4,550

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 21 1980–1983 1,590 250 2,740

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 50 1980–1990 1,850 260 2,250

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 17 1980–1993 2,120 714 2,710

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 12 1980–1981 1,981 505 2,220

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 129 1980–2008 1,620 230 2,440

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 4 1992–1995 644 388 948

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 181 1980–2008 1,660 295 2,570

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 24 1980–1985 1,195 145 3,120

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 13 1981–1985 769 93 1,370

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 7 1981–1983 721 192 2,700

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 6 1980–1981 2,065 515 3,480

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 19 1980–1983 1,440 274 3,290

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 29 1980–1988 1,590 150 2,280

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 17 1980–1983 2,160 240 2,650

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 100 1987–2003 1,585 369 5,100

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 135 1982–2003 1,700 292 4,060

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 5 1980–1981 807 169 1,240

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 18 1980–1982 1,205 174 1,400

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
224 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, laboratory, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 14 1980–1982 1,265 173 2,030

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 38 1983–2008 1,585 560 1,870

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 31 1992–2008 1,070 196 1,680

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 52 1988–2008 650 441 734

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 22 1980–1996 461 237 1,990

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 14 1980–1996 1,159 274 4,130

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 31 1980–2005 2,010 265 4,500

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 14 1988–1994 1,855 791 2,990

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 50 1980–2008 889 154 2,880

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 1,555 834 2,740

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 110 1987–2008 1,560 402 3,000

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 33 1992–2008 1,340 417 2,330

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 18 1999–2008 810 583 1,990

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 37 1991–2008 1,760 460 2,730

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 9 1990–1995 1,000 417 1,400

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 33 1992–2008 1,330 281 1,750

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 13 2002–2008 1,470 591 2,010

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 183 1980–2008 1,460 360 2,760

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 27 1988–2004 922 212 1,520

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 43 1980–2008 1,180 252 2,010

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 10 1980–1981 773 749 809

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 12 1980–1981 1,980 443 4,060

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 18 1980–1983 2,000 466 4,590

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 45 1980–2008 1,690 514 3,030

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 89 1993–2008 1,750 434 5,360

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 6 1992–1995 1,185 562 3,140

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 34 1983–2008 1,700 322 3,200

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 12 1980–1981 2,450 1,520 3,950

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 95 1992–2008 1,620 364 3,910

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 164 1980–2008 1,610 256 3,220

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 7 1984–1993 651 219 914

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 34 1990–2008 1,002 183 1,460

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 40 1992–1999 1,160 101 2,090

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 31 1980–1987 5,480 1,127 10,500

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 41 1985–1998 970 197 1,360

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 141 1985–2008 996 202 3,290

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 172 1985–2008 970 275 2,339

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 572 360 772

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 134 1981–2008 816 321 1,601

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 225

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Specific conductance, laboratory, in μS/cm at 25 deg. C—Continued

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 49 1992–2008 1,050 304 1,820

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 599 135 851

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 183 1984–2008 955 348 1,640

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 205 1980–2008 938 293 2,600

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 42 1990–2008 1,330 422 1,830

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 97 1982–2008 928 238 4,580

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 30 1980–2008 928 527 1,520

pH, field, in standard units

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 8.2 7.4 9.8

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 76 1973–2008 8.1 7.2 8.8

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 5 1993–2006 8.0 7.9 8.5

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 60 1993–2007 8.2 7.5 9.0

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 65 1970–1999 8.1 7.4 9.1

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 171 1975–2008 8.1 7.2 9.4

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 47 1971–2008 8.1 6.8 8.6

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 15 1970–1977 8.0 7.4 9.4

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 13 2001–2008 7.9 7.2 8.4

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 246 1970–2008 8.0 6.8 8.9

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 274 1970–2008 8.0 7.2 8.8

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 174 1970–1986 8.0 7.2 8.9

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 52 2000–2007 8.1 7.3 8.7

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 8.0 7.0 8.9

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 194 1972–2008 8.2 7.4 9.2

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 1970–1975 8.0 7.4 8.2

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 46 1996–2006 8.3 7.5 8.9

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 226 1970–2008 8.1 6.7 9.2

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 7.8 6.9 8.9

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 98 1972–2008 7.9 6.8 9.6

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 104 1972–2008 7.9 6.7 9.8

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 38 1987–2008 7.8 6.8 8.8

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 8.2 8.1 8.2

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 93 1983–2008 8.0 6.8 9.4

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 23 1998–2008 8.4 7.3 9.0

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 14 1998–2008 8.4 6.8 9.0

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 31 1976–1998 7.9 7.2 8.9

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 151 1970–1997 8.0 6.8 9.5

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 46 1970–1986 8.5 7.3 9.2

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 99 1984–2008 8.1 6.6 10.1

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 1999–2007 8.7 8.1 9.2

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
226 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, field, in standard units—Continued

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 364 1970–2008 8.1 6.8 8.9

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 102 1972–2008 8.1 6.7 8.7

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 178 1972–2008 8.4 7.4 9.2

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 38 1972–2005 8.0 7.3 8.8

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 338 1970–2008 8.1 7.1 9.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 378 1972–2008 8.2 6.9 8.9

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

40 1993–2008 8.2 7.5 8.6

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 46 1976–1992 8.0 7.0 8.5

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 14 1994–2007 8.1 7.1 8.5

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 63 1970–2008 8.0 6.7 8.6

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 39 1972–2008 7.8 7.1 8.5

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 66 1972–2008 7.8 6.9 8.4

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 27 1972–2008 8.0 6.5 8.6

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 68 1995–2008 8.2 6.5 8.9

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 35 1993–2005 8.0 7.1 8.5

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 50 1972–2008 8.0 6.8 8.8

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 6 1983–1987 8.0 7.6 8.4

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 7.8 6.6 8.4

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 49 1970–1996 8.0 7.1 8.5

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 8.1 6.5 8.5

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 328 1972–2008 8.1 6.7 9.3

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 204 1970–2003 8.2 7.1 9.4

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 34 1970–1992 7.8 7.1 8.8

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 162 1970–2008 8.1 7.3 9.0

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 233 1970–2008 8.0 7.2 9.0

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 121 1991–2008 8.1 7.0 8.6

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 107 1971–2008 8.1 6.7 8.9

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 75 1973–2005 8.0 7.3 8.8

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 18 1972–1990 7.9 7.0 8.2

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 67 1972–2008 8.1 7.2 8.8

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 156 1971–2008 8.2 7.1 9.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 26 1972–1994 8.0 7.1 8.3

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 17 1972–1984 7.8 7.4 8.4

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 8.2 7.7 8.5

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 20 1972–1984 8.0 6.9 8.4

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 144 1970–2008 8.1 7.1 9.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 74 1972–2008 8.1 7.4 8.7

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 9 1974–1984 7.7 7.6 8.1

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 227

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, field, in standard units—Continued

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 20 1972–1995 7.7 7.1 8.2

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 13 1972–1988 7.7 6.7 8.0

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 87 1970–1979 8.0 7.2 8.6

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 115 1970–2008 8.0 7.1 8.7

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 293 1970–2008 8.0 6.9 8.9

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 127 1972–2008 8.2 6.7 8.8

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 88 1972–2008 8.0 7.1 9.0

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 8.0 7.3 8.4

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 181 1970–2008 8.2 6.6 9.0

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 389 1978–2004 8.0 6.8 8.9

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 68 1972–2008 8.1 6.6 10.3

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 21 1978–1981 8.4 7.4 8.9

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 420 1972–2008 8.1 6.9 9.2

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 209 1972–2008 8.4 6.8 9.8

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 187 1972–2008 8.3 7.2 9.3

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 216 1970–2008 8.2 7.2 9.5

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 8.1 7.4 8.7

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 394 1970–2008 8.1 7.0 9.1

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 137 1972–2008 8.0 7.2 8.8

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 169 1970–2008 8.0 7.0 8.9

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 91 1972–2008 8.2 7.2 9.8

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 8.0 7.1 8.4

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 65 1972–2007 8.1 7.1 9.9

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 14 1972–1981 7.9 7.3 8.3

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 15 1972–1976 8.0 7.4 9.3

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 31 1975–2000 7.8 7.0 9.6

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 43 1975–1989 8.1 7.3 9.7

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 38 1972–2000 8.0 7.3 8.9

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 559 1970–2008 8.4 7.0 9.8

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 23 1972–2006 8.4 8.0 8.9

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 102 1970–1992 8.3 7.8 9.4

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 74 1972–2008 8.3 7.2 9.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 36 1977–1981 8.4 8.0 8.7

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 14 1976–1977 8.4 7.4 8.8

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 57 1977–1982 8.3 7.8 9.2

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 25 1970–1977 8.3 7.5 8.8

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 399 1970–2008 8.4 7.1 9.6

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 21 1972–1977 8.3 7.8 8.9

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 54 1991–2008 8.5 7.1 9.2

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
228 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, field, in standard units—Continued

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 62 1990–2008 8.5 7.6 9.3

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 88 1971–2008 8.4 6.9 10.5

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 59 1977–1983 8.3 6.9 8.7

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 109 1972–2008 8.3 7.2 10.7

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 96 1977–2008 8.3 7.5 10.4

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 681 1971–2008 8.4 7.3 9.2

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 474 1971–2007 8.1 7.2 8.8

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 120 1972–2008 8.2 6.7 9.2

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 22 1975–1981 8.4 7.4 9.6

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 70 1972–1981 8.3 7.3 8.8

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 37 1973–1995 8.1 7.1 8.7

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 127 1971–2008 8.4 6.6 9.4

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 62 1977–1983 8.3 7.2 8.7

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 131 1974–1990 8.0 6.9 8.8

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 58 1977–1993 8.2 7.1 8.8

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 52 1977–1981 8.3 7.0 8.7

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 233 1970–2008 8.2 6.6 9.2

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 15 1972–1994 8.0 6.9 9.3

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 480 1970–2008 8.3 7.0 9.2

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 51 1977–1985 8.0 6.6 8.7

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 22 1977–1985 7.5 7.0 8.2

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 18 1978–1983 7.8 6.7 8.6

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 32 1975–1981 8.3 7.9 9.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 53 1977–1983 8.3 7.3 8.7

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 45 1978–1988 8.3 6.6 8.7

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 48 1978–1983 8.3 7.2 8.8

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 99 1987–2003 8.4 7.0 9.2

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 193 1970–2003 8.3 6.7 9.7

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 26 1977–1981 8.2 7.6 8.6

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 64 1977–1982 8.1 6.8 8.8

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 44 1977–1982 8.2 6.7 9.8

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 86 1972–2008 8.0 7.1 9.3

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 49 1972–2008 8.0 6.8 8.5

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 195 1970–2008 8.3 7.4 8.7

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 33 1979–1996 8.1 6.9 8.8

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 26 1978–1996 8.2 7.3 9.1

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 83 1975–2005 8.3 6.8 8.8

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 21 1986–1994 8.3 7.4 9.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 120 1972–2008 8.1 6.5 8.9

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 229

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, field, in standard units—Continued

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 33 1970–1993 7.9 6.8 8.3

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 149 1972–2008 8.3 7.4 8.9

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 37 1989–2008 8.4 7.2 9.1

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 25 1972–2008 8.2 7.4 9.1

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 39 1991–2008 8.3 7.3 9.3

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 45 1971–1995 8.1 6.6 8.6

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 40 1988–2008 8.3 6.9 8.7

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 31 1972–2008 8.4 7.5 8.9

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 336 1971–2008 8.3 7.0 9.1

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 32 1988–2004 8.2 7.3 9.0

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 133 1972–2008 8.1 6.9 9.5

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 143 1974–1981 8.3 7.7 8.8

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 39 1978–1981 8.2 7.3 8.6

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 91 1974–1983 8.1 7.0 10.1

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 118 1970–2008 8.2 6.8 8.9

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 31 1972–1977 8.1 6.8 8.8

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 86 1993–2008 8.4 7.0 9.1

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 26 1972–1995 8.0 7.2 8.8

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 76 1971–2008 8.2 7.1 9.5

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 50 1977–1981 8.2 7.5 8.8

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 30 1971–1976 8.0 7.0 8.4

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 117 1972–2008 8.4 6.8 9.1

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 366 1970–2008 8.4 7.2 9.6

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 38 1972–1993 8.0 6.7 8.6

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 38 1990–2008 8.2 6.2 8.8

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 42 1991–1999 8.0 7.4 8.5

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 96 1974–1987 8.3 7.2 9.6

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 43 1972–1998 8.0 7.1 9.1

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 145 1972–2008 8.3 7.0 9.9

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 163 1985–2008 8.2 7.0 9.5

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 8.4 7.6 9.4

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 129 1979–2008 8.5 7.3 9.7

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 71 1974–2008 8.1 7.1 9.5

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 9 1972–1993 8.0 7.5 8.5

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 187 1972–2008 8.1 6.7 9.1

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 277 1970–2008 8.2 6.6 9.8

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 54 1972–2008 8.1 6.5 9.0

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 143 1970–2008 8.1 6.9 9.4

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 92 1974–2008 8.4 7.5 9.6

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
230 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, laboratory, in standard units

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 8.3 6.8 8.8

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 56 1983–2008 8.1 6.6 9.1

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 4 1993–2006 8.0 7.8 8.4

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 61 1993–2007 8.2 7.0 8.6

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 15 1997–1999 8.1 7.6 8.4

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 72 1980–2008 8.1 6.7 9.1

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 31 1984–2008 8.0 6.7 8.4

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 11 2001–2008 7.9 7.6 8.4

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 107 1980–2008 8.1 6.5 8.5

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 81 1983–2008 8.1 6.7 8.6

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 45 1980–1986 8.0 7.4 8.9

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 8.1 6.9 8.5

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 54 1993–2007 8.0 7.5 8.6

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 135 1980–2008 8.2 7.0 9.0

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 8.3 7.4 8.6

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 62 1983–2008 8.2 6.9 8.9

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 27 1987–2007 7.6 6.7 9.1

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 68 1983–2008 7.9 6.8 9.1

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 74 1983–2008 7.8 6.5 9.6

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 21 1987–2007 7.8 6.7 8.9

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 2 1983–1984 7.9 7.8 8.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 61 1983–2008 7.9 6.5 9.0

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 16 1998–2008 8.1 7.7 8.8

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 12 1999–2008 8.1 6.9 8.6

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 16 1980–1998 7.9 7.5 8.5

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 37 1983–1997 7.8 6.8 8.7

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 12 1980–1986 8.5 8.0 8.8

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 49 1984–2008 7.8 6.8 8.7

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 12 2002–2007 8.5 8.0 9.1

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 153 1980–2008 8.3 6.7 8.6

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 49 1980–2008 8.0 6.7 8.5

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 132 1980–2008 8.3 6.9 9.0

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 15 1987–2005 8.0 6.7 8.3

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 175 1980–2008 8.1 6.6 8.8

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 185 1980–2008 8.1 7.4 8.6

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

40 1993–2008 8.2 7.4 8.6

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 7 1982–1991 7.8 6.6 8.2

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 9 1995–2007 8.0 7.0 8.5

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 231

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, laboratory, in standard units—Continued

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 40 1983–2008 8.1 6.6 8.6

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 26 1983–2007 7.7 6.7 8.3

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 35 1982–2008 7.8 6.8 8.4

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 13 1996–2008 8.1 7.3 8.5

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 63 1996–2008 8.2 7.0 8.7

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 28 1993–2004 8.0 7.5 8.4

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 36 1983–2008 7.8 6.7 8.4

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 4 1983–1987 7.8 7.4 8.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 5 1983–1993 7.8 7.4 8.1

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 1 1996 7.8 7.8 7.8

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 6 1983–1993 7.9 7.3 8.2

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 125 1980–2008 8.0 7.3 8.7

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 55 1981–2003 8.0 7.0 8.6

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 4 1983–1988 7.8 7.4 8.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 120 1983–2008 8.1 6.6 8.5

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 129 1983–2008 7.9 6.7 8.7

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 89 1993–2008 8.0 7.2 8.5

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 84 1981–2008 8.0 6.6 8.6

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 16 1987–2004 7.7 6.8 8.6

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 7 1983–1990 7.9 7.0 8.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 32 1983–2008 8.1 6.9 8.6

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 110 1983–2008 8.0 6.7 8.7

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 15 1981–1994 7.8 6.7 8.8

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 4 1983–1984 7.9 7.4 8.2

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 3 1983–1984 8.3 8.0 8.3

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 100 1983–2008 7.9 6.9 8.5

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 55 1983–2008 8.1 6.7 8.6

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 4 1983–1984 7.8 7.8 8.0

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 14 1983–1994 7.7 6.6 8.3

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 7 1983–1988 7.8 7.1 8.2

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 12 2001–2008 8.1 7.4 8.6

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 76 1980–2008 8.0 6.8 8.5

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 113 1983–2008 8.1 6.8 8.5

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 35 1980–2008 7.9 6.6 8.7

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 7.9 7.4 8.2

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 139 1994–2008 8.0 6.9 8.7

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 109 1980–2004 8.0 7.1 8.6

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 36 1982–2008 8.2 6.5 10.2

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 3 1981 7.8 7.5 8.5

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
232 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, laboratory, in standard units—Continued

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 212 1980–2008 8.1 7.0 9.2

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 108 1972–2008 8.2 7.4 9.9

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 157 1983–2008 8.3 6.7 9.2

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 171 1981–2008 8.2 6.7 9.5

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 13 1987–2005 7.9 7.2 8.3

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 249 1981–2008 8.1 7.0 8.9

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 85 1980–2008 8.1 6.6 8.7

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 112 1981–2008 8.0 7.0 9.1

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 60 1983–2008 8.2 7.1 9.7

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 25 1986–2000 8.1 6.9 8.8

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 45 1987–2007 8.2 6.6 9.8

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 1 1981 7.7 7.7 7.7

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1987–2000 7.7 6.9 8.8

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 13 1986–1989 8.2 7.5 8.8

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 27 1986–2000 7.9 7.0 8.7

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 84 1980–2008 8.2 7.3 10.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 20 1980–1992 8.2 8.1 8.7

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 45 1983–2008 8.3 6.7 8.8

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 7 1980–1981 8.4 7.3 8.5

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 17 1980–1982 8.2 7.7 8.5

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 110 1980–2008 8.4 6.7 9.1

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 56 1991–2008 8.4 7.1 9.1

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 54 1991–2008 8.4 7.0 9.3

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 44 1983–2008 8.2 6.6 8.8

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 16 1980–1983 8.2 7.8 8.5

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 98 1993–2007 8.3 6.7 8.7

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 48 1980–2008 8.3 6.9 8.9

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 153 1980–2007 8.3 6.9 8.7

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 147 1980–2007 8.3 7.5 8.5

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 48 1980–2008 8.2 6.7 8.9

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 5 1980–1981 8.2 7.2 8.4

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 11 1980–1981 8.1 7.8 8.5

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 7 1981–1990 7.4 6.8 7.6

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 91 1983–2008 8.3 6.8 8.8

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 21 1980–1983 8.3 7.4 8.6

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 50 1980–1990 8.0 6.8 8.5

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 17 1980–1993 8.3 7.5 8.6

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 11 1980–1981 8.2 7.2 8.6

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 132 1980–2008 8.2 6.9 8.9

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 233

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, laboratory, in standard units—Continued

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 7 1983–1995 7.7 6.9 8.7

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 170 1980–2008 8.2 6.9 8.6

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 24 1980–1985 8.0 7.3 8.4

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 13 1981–1985 7.8 7.2 8.2

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 7 1981–1983 8.0 7.3 8.3

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 6 1980–1981 8.2 7.5 8.3

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 20 1980–1983 8.2 7.6 8.6

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 29 1980–1988 8.2 7.3 8.6

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 18 1980–1983 8.3 7.5 9.0

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 100 1987–2003 8.3 7.1 9.1

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 132 1982–2003 8.2 7.2 8.8

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 5 1980–1981 8.1 6.7 8.1

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 18 1980–1982 8.0 7.5 8.4

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 14 1980–1982 8.2 7.5 9.3

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 41 1983–2008 8.2 7.1 9.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 20 1983–2008 8.2 7.2 8.5

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 44 1986–2008 8.2 6.9 8.7

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 22 1980–1996 8.0 7.1 9.1

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 14 1980–1996 7.9 6.9 8.6

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 32 1980–2004 8.1 6.8 8.5

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 17 1986–1993 7.9 7.1 8.5

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 40 1980–2006 8.0 6.7 8.8

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 8.2 7.7 8.4

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 110 1983–2008 8.2 6.8 8.9

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 29 1989–2008 8.2 7.0 8.7

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 14 1999–2008 8.3 7.4 8.9

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 29 1991–2008 8.4 7.6 8.8

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 19 1983–1995 8.2 7.6 8.7

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 32 1988–2008 8.3 7.5 8.6

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 11 2002–2008 8.5 8.0 8.8

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 174 1980–2008 8.3 6.9 8.7

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 22 1988–2004 8.1 6.7 8.5

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 45 1980–2008 8.2 7.0 9.3

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 11 1980–1981 8.2 7.7 8.3

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 12 1980–1981 8.1 6.8 8.3

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 18 1980–1983 8.1 7.0 8.6

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 48 1980–2008 8.2 6.9 8.8

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 87 1993–2008 8.4 6.9 9.1

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 15 1983–1995 7.8 6.8 8.5

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
234 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

pH, laboratory, in standard units—Continued

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 32 1982–2008 8.4 6.8 9.5

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 12 1980–1981 8.1 7.9 8.4

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 99 1983–2008 8.3 6.7 9.0

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 158 1980–2008 8.3 6.5 9.0

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 11 1983–1993 7.9 6.6 8.2

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 23 1990–2008 8.1 6.4 8.6

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 38 1991–1999 8.1 7.1 8.4

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 31 1980–1987 8.2 7.3 8.9

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 42 1983–1998 8.1 6.9 8.6

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 136 1983–2008 8.3 6.7 9.8

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 168 1985–2008 8.1 7.2 9.0

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 9 1986–1989 8.2 7.5 9.1

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 132 1981–2008 8.3 7.3 9.8

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 52 1982–2008 8.1 6.8 8.9

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 7.8 7.0 8.2

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 185 1983–2008 8.0 7.3 8.9

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 200 1980–2008 8.1 7.1 9.3

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 40 1984–2008 8.0 6.5 8.8

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 98 1982–2008 8.0 7.0 8.8

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 31 1980–2008 8.4 7.7 8.8

Water temperature, in deg. C

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 16.9 -2.2 26.7

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 350 1971–2008 9.0 0.0 30.0

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 5 1993–2006 8.2 0.0 15.0

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 60 1993–2007 15.0 -0.1 27.2

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 66 1970–1999 11.9 -0.2 26.0

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 355 1975–2008 12.0 -0.2 32.0

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 172 1971–2008 12.0 0.0 29.5

8 Wild Rice River near Cayuga, N. Dak. 54 1970–1979 10.5 0.0 29.0

9 Antelope Creek at Dwight, N. Dak. 23 2001–2008 14.1 0.0 33.0

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 408 1970–2008 10.5 -0.1 29.5

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 507 1970–2008 13.7 -0.5 32.0

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 176 1970–1986 9.0 0.0 28.0

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 15.2 -1.9 27.4

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 58 1993–2007 15.4 -0.2 26.7

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 329 1971–2008 7.2 -0.5 28.5

16 Big Coulee near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 43 1970–1975 6.0 0.0 24.5

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 44 1996–2006 13.1 -0.8 26.0

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 377 1970–2008 8.0 -1.2 30.0

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 235

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Water temperature, in deg. C—Continued

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 100 1987–2008 11.8 0.0 26.5

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 268 1971–2008 10.3 0.0 27.5

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 218 1971–2008 11.0 0.0 28.0

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 131 1986–2008 10.7 0.0 27.5

23 Webster Coulee at Webster, N. Dak. 11 1980–1985 10.0 1.0 13.0

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 168 1980–2008 11.5 0.0 26.0

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 35 1998–2008 12.0 1.0 26.0

26 Little Coulee near Leeds, N. Dak. 38 1998–2008 10.8 0.5 25.5

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 97 1976–1998 8.0 0.0 29.5

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 248 1970–1997 8.5 0.0 29.0

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 46 1970–1986 10.0 0.0 24.5

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 177 1983–2008 7.5 0.0 29.5

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 42 1999–2007 12.5 0.0 26.5

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 541 1970–2008 9.0 -1.5 28.0

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 382 1971–2008 6.8 0.0 29.0

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 444 1971–2008 8.5 -1.0 26.5

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 108 1971–2005 5.5 0.0 26.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 463 1970–2008 9.0 -2.2 30.0

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 632 1971–2008 9.5 -0.5 28.0

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

177 1992–2008 12.0 -0.5 28.5

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 50 1976–1992 6.0 0.0 25.5

40 Sheyenne River Diversion at West Fargo, N. Dak. 90 1993–2007 12.5 0.0 28.5

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 346 1970–2008 9.0 -0.5 27.5

42 Maple River near Hope, N. Dak. 161 1972–2008 6.0 0.0 28.5

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 338 1971–2008 6.0 0.0 30.0

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 104 1971–2008 10.4 0.0 31.0

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 169 1995–2008 12.5 -2.2 31.5

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 42 1993–2005 9.5 -0.2 26.5

47 Rush River at Amenia, N. Dak. 281 1971–2008 9.0 0.0 28.5

48 Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 28 1981–1987 13.8 0.0 27.0

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 19 1981–1993 8.0 0.0 27.0

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 49 1970–1996 8.0 0.0 25.5

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 28 1981–1993 8.3 0.0 27.5

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 586 1972–2008 9.5 0.0 28.5

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 336 1970–2003 10.0 -0.5 30.5

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 100 1970–1988 7.0 0.0 27.0

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 419 1970–2008 9.0 -2.2 27.8

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 590 1970–2008 9.5 -0.1 29.0

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
236 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Water temperature, in deg. C—Continued

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 202 1991–2008 9.3 0.0 28.2

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 104 1971–2008 11.8 -0.1 28.6

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 81 1973–2005 7.0 0.0 26.5

60 Middle Branch Forest River near Whitman, N. Dak. 76 1972–1990 6.0 0.0 28.0

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 327 1971–2008 6.0 0.0 27.5

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 363 1971–2008 8.8 -2.2 27.0

63 South Branch Park River below Homme Dam, N. Dak. 210 1971–1994 6.3 0.0 27.0

64 Middle Branch Park River near Union, N. Dak. 114 1971–1986 8.0 0.0 30.0

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 18 1978–1980 4.3 0.0 27.0

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 125 1971–1984 3.5 0.0 29.5

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 351 1970–2008 9.0 -2.1 28.0

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 424 1971–2008 9.5 0.0 28.5

69 Pembina County Drain 20 near Glasston, N. Dak. 48 1972–1986 6.8 0.0 31.5

70 Hidden Island Coulee near Hansboro, N. Dak. 99 1971–1995 8.0 0.0 28.0

71 Cypress Creek near Sarles, N. Dak. 54 1972–1988 8.5 0.5 25.0

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 107 1970–1979 6.5 0.0 26.5

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 229 1970–2008 4.5 0.0 28.5

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 392 1970–2008 6.0 0.0 28.5

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 405 1971–2008 9.0 -2.2 28.0

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 272 1971–2008 10.0 -0.5 28.5

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 10.0 0.0 21.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 178 1970–2008 14.0 -2.2 27.4

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 404 1974–2004 9.2 0.0 29.0

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 285 1971–2008 7.0 0.0 28.9

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 23 1978–1981 6.5 0.0 22.5

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 500 1970–2008 8.0 0.0 29.0

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 380 1971–2008 8.0 0.0 27.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 403 1971–2008 8.0 -1.9 28.0

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 428 1970–2008 8.0 -1.8 31.5

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 18 1987–2005 2.8 0.0 24.0

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 513 1970–2008 8.8 -2.1 30.2

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 344 1971–2008 8.3 0.0 30.0

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 457 1970–2008 9.5 0.0 27.5

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 307 1971–2008 10.0 0.0 29.3

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 137 1986–2000 7.3 0.0 27.0

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 148 1972–2007 13.5 0.0 29.0

93 Egg Creek near Granville, N. Dak. 68 1971–1981 9.0 0.0 26.5

94 Cut Bank Creek at North Lake Outlet near Granville, N. Dak. 58 1972–1980 11.0 0.0 28.5

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 74 1975–2000 12.0 0.0 26.0

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 237

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Water temperature, in deg. C—Continued

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 131 1975–1989 10.5 0.0 24.0

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 214 1972–2000 7.0 0.0 28.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 734 1970–2008 7.5 0.0 27.0

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 126 1971–2006 5.0 -0.2 28.0

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 103 1970–1992 10.0 0.0 25.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 285 1971–2008 8.5 0.0 26.0

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 40 1977–1981 4.0 0.0 26.5

103 Tobacco Garden Creek near Watford City, N. Dak. 66 1976–1983 4.0 0.0 23.0

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 65 1977–1982 7.5 0.0 28.0

105 White Earth River at White Earth, N. Dak. 136 1970–1982 3.0 0.0 25.0

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 505 1970–2008 6.5 0.0 31.1

107 Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 107 1971–1981 6.0 0.0 28.0

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 105 1991–2008 7.3 0.0 25.5

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 117 1990–2008 9.0 0.0 26.0

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 354 1971–2008 9.0 0.0 30.1

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 66 1977–1983 7.5 0.0 29.0

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 178 1971–2008 12.0 -2.1 30.5

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 213 1977–2008 9.0 0.0 26.2

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 830 1971–2008 10.0 -2.1 33.5

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 463 1971–2007 7.7 0.0 17.1

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 382 1972–2008 5.0 0.0 28.5

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 24 1975–1981 7.3 0.0 23.5

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 180 1972–1981 6.8 0.0 28.0

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 97 1972–1994 2.0 0.0 22.0

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 401 1971–2008 8.0 -2.1 27.5

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 70 1977–1983 8.3 0.0 30.0

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 174 1974–1990 7.3 0.0 27.5

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 62 1977–1993 9.8 0.0 26.0

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 51 1977–1981 12.0 0.0 26.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 427 1970–2008 6.0 -2.0 33.0

126 West Branch Otter Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 97 1972–1994 2.0 0.0 26.0

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 646 1970–2008 9.9 -2.0 30.5

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 66 1977–1985 3.5 0.0 29.0

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 98 1977–1986 2.0 0.0 22.0

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 27 1978–1983 6.6 0.0 26.0

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 34 1975–1981 5.3 0.0 23.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 61 1977–1983 9.0 0.0 25.0

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 68 1978–1988 4.0 -0.5 26.5

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 55 1978–1983 10.5 0.0 25.5

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
238 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Water temperature, in deg. C—Continued

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 139 1986–2003 6.5 -0.5 28.0

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 325 1970–2003 7.5 0.0 28.5

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 30 1977–1981 7.3 0.0 27.0

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 75 1977–1982 6.5 0.0 26.5

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 4.0 0.0 31.5

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 333 1971–2008 9.5 0.0 28.0

141 Burnt Creek near Bismarck, N. Dak. 205 1972–2008 4.8 0.0 27.5

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 335 1970–2008 10.0 0.0 22.7

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 41 1979–1996 12.0 0.0 27.0

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 27 1978–1996 5.5 0.0 25.5

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 114 1975–2005 6.0 0.0 28.5

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 96 1984–1994 8.5 -0.5 28.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 408 1971–2008 6.0 0.0 31.0

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 68 1970–1993 5.8 0.0 27.0

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 421 1971–2008 8.5 -2.0 29.0

150 Heart River above Lake Tschida near Glen Ullin, N. Dak. 163 1988–2008 9.5 0.0 32.5

151 Antelope Creek near Carson, N. Dak. 104 1971–2008 7.8 0.0 29.5

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 112 1991–2008 11.3 0.0 27.0

153 Heart River near Lark, N. Dak. 222 1971–1995 6.5 0.0 28.5

154 Heart River at Stark Bridge near Judson, N. Dak. 148 1988–2008 10.8 0.0 28.9

155 Sweetbriar Creek near Judson, N. Dak. 126 1971–2008 8.0 0.0 26.5

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 543 1971–2008 10.2 -2.0 31.0

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 127 1988–2004 6.0 0.0 27.5

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 345 1971–2008 5.5 -0.5 29.0

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 143 1974–1981 8.0 0.0 18.0

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 43 1978–1981 9.5 0.0 29.0

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 110 1974–1983 8.0 0.0 27.5

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 414 1970–2008 8.5 0.0 28.5

163 Cannonball River below Bentley, N. Dak. 129 1972–1982 6.0 0.0 29.0

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 115 1993–2008 12.0 -2.1 30.0

165 White Butte Fork Cedar Creek near Scranton, N. Dak. 141 1972–1995 7.0 0.0 27.0

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 347 1971–2008 8.0 0.0 28.6

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 55 1977–1981 8.5 -0.5 28.0

168 Cedar Creek near Pretty Rock, N. Dak. 63 1971–1976 6.5 0.0 28.5

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 376 1972–2008 7.5 -2.1 31.1

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 650 1970–2008 11.0 -2.1 30.5

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 191 1972–1993 5.0 0.0 32.0

172 Beaver Creek below Linton, N. Dak. 143 1989–2008 7.9 0.0 29.5

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 84 1991–1999 13.8 0.0 25.5

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 239

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Water temperature, in deg. C—Continued

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 113 1974–1987 9.0 0.0 30.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 126 1971–1998 6.5 0.0 28.0

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 327 1972–2008 9.5 -2.2 29.0

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 221 1985–2008 9.0 0.0 27.0

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 17 1986–1989 4.5 0.5 21.5

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 146 1978–2008 14.6 0.0 27.5

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 228 1974–2008 8.0 0.0 28.5

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 29 1971–1993 6.5 0.0 25.5

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 384 1972–2008 8.3 -2.2 27.0

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 411 1970–2008 10.5 -1.7 27.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 169 1972–2008 10.0 0.0 30.9

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 172 1970–2008 9.0 0.0 28.0

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 113 1974–2008 12.0 0.0 28.1

Dissolved oxygen, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 39 2000–2007 9.1 4.5 16.0

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 23 1991–2004 9.5 4.2 13.6

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 5 1993–2006 11.9 8.3 13.4

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 60 1993–2007 9.8 5.4 15.6

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 66 1970–1999 10.1 6.0 15.2

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 124 1975–2004 8.2 0.6 18.6

7 Wild Rice River near Rutland, N. Dak. 1 1971 11.5 11.5 11.5

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 61 1993–2007 8.6 0.7 17.8

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 133 1986–2008 8.1 4.7 13.7

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 112 1970–1986 9.2 1.4 16.1

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 52 2000–2007 9.0 5.3 17.3

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 52 1993–2006 9.4 6.0 15.1

15 Sheyenne River above Harvey, N. Dak. 72 1982–2004 8.8 0.0 16.6

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 46 1996–2006 9.1 4.2 14.6

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 28 1986–2007 7.9 2.1 14.2

19 Mauvais Coulee Tributary No. 3 near Cando, N. Dak. 3 1989–1995 10.1 2.4 12.8

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 61 1987–2001 9.1 0.9 13.8

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 59 1983–2001 9.4 2.6 13.5

22 Edmore Coulee Tributary near Webster, N. Dak. 2 1993 9.2 9.0 9.4

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 62 1987–2001 10.0 3.2 15.1

25 Big Coulee below Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 11 1998–2001 8.6 2.1 17.5

27 Little Coulee near Brinsmade, N. Dak. 2 1993–1995 6.6 6.2 7.0

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 61 1985–1997 8.1 1.3 12.3

29 Big Coulee at Graham Island inlet near Fort Totten, N. Dak. 9 1982–1986 10.8 9.3 13.8

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 70 1985–1999 9.4 2.1 17.8

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
240 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Dissolved oxygen, in mg/L—Continued

31 Devils Lake Outlet to Stump Lake near Lakota, N. Dak. 1 1999 10.5 10.5 10.5

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 165 1979–2007 8.7 1.9 15.8

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 49 1979–2005 10.4 2.8 15.4

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 121 1979–2007 10.7 5.1 15.0

35 Sheyenne River at Valley City, N. Dak. 12 1992–1993 10.7 7.2 15.0

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 127 1982–2007 10.0 6.0 14.7

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 380 1976–2007 9.1 4.0 17.3

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

10 2003–2006 10.0 7.5 13.9

39 Sheyenne River near Horace, N. Dak. 38 1976–1979 7.4 2.2 13.3

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 13 1991–2006 8.7 5.7 12.4

43 Maple River near Enderlin, N. Dak. 1 1992 12.4 12.4 12.4

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 45 1998–2007 9.8 3.4 21.2

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 29 1993–1999 9.9 5.2 15.9

49 Lower Branch Rush River near Prosper, N. Dak. 2 1993 10.4 9.2 11.5

50 Sheyenne River near Harwood, N. Dak. 48 1970–1974 8.0 3.8 14.4

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 3 1993 10.4 9.0 10.6

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 313 1978–2006 8.2 1.9 16.2

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 185 1970–1996 9.7 4.8 13.8

54 Goose River near Portland, N. Dak. 1 1992 5.4 5.4 5.4

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 90 1991–2008 9.4 4.1 18.1

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 107 1991–2008 9.7 3.9 14.8

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 96 1991–2000 9.9 5.8 19.3

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 67 1993–2008 9.6 0.9 18.1

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 55 1973–2004 9.4 5.0 14.1

61 Forest River near Fordville, N. Dak. 1 1992 6.8 6.8 6.8

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 88 1974–2008 9.3 1.8 14.1

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 71 1991–2008 9.3 0.8 14.2

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 19 1991–2004 9.3 5.8 13.4

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 55 1976–1979 9.7 0.5 13.2

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 63 1976–1995 10.8 3.6 13.8

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 134 1976–1995 10.0 6.2 13.2

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 85 1994–2008 9.7 3.3 14.8

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 12 1979–2005 10.1 6.5 13.2

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 10.6 2.8 15.0

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 166 1970–2008 9.3 4.6 16.7

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 328 1978–2004 8.2 1.3 18.2

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 8 1997 10.1 7.8 12.8

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 21 1978–1981 9.6 3.9 13.1

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 241

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Dissolved oxygen, in mg/L—Continued

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 407 1974–2008 8.0 0.0 19.4

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 180 1972–1999 9.1 0.0 21.0

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 137 1981–2007 9.8 0.0 16.7

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 164 1981–2008 9.5 0.1 20.0

86 Bonnes Creek near Velva, N. Dak. 3 1994–2000 11.1 10.5 14.5

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 309 1970–2008 8.2 0.3 16.7

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 57 1981–1998 8.3 1.3 13.6

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 107 1981–2001 8.3 0.0 25.8

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 46 1982–2000 9.1 3.7 15.0

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 8.8 5.3 21.6

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 27 1989–2000 8.9 3.4 19.0

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 8.4 1.6 10.7

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 16 1982–1989 7.8 0.4 11.4

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 30 1986–2000 9.7 1.0 21.0

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 513 1970–2008 9.0 0.0 22.5

99 Charbonneau Creek near Charbonneau, N. Dak. 1 2006 15.6 15.6 15.6

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 97 1974–1992 9.8 7.0 13.0

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999–2005 8.9 6.5 11.5

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 36 1977–1981 11.5 5.3 13.5

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 56 1977–1982 10.7 7.6 13.8

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 372 1970–1996 10.5 5.8 16.4

108 East Fork Shell Creek near Parshall, N. Dak. 46 1991–2001 8.9 4.6 12.5

109 Deepwater Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 50 1990–2001 8.9 4.9 13.3

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 9 1995–1999 8.8 7.2 10.9

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 58 1977–1983 11.2 5.5 17.9

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 86 1979–2007 9.5 0.6 15.4

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 57 1977–1999 10.9 6.2 14.0

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 666 1974–2007 10.0 3.8 19.4

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 423 1974–2007 11.0 5.8 15.4

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 55 1977–1982 9.5 2.6 12.7

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 22 1975–1981 10.4 2.6 14.8

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 46 1977–1981 9.4 6.0 16.2

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 16 1977–1981 10.1 3.6 12.7

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 58 1997–2007 9.5 5.5 15.0

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 61 1977–1983 11.4 6.6 14.4

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 130 1974–1990 9.4 2.7 13.4

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 55 1977–1993 9.1 2.5 15.4

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 50 1977–1981 9.9 6.2 14.0

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 167 1974–2007 9.5 4.8 16.6

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
242 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Dissolved oxygen, in mg/L—Continued

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 424 1974–2007 9.3 5.6 19.6

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 52 1977–1985 11.1 2.0 16.2

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 11 1982–1985 12.2 4.8 21.2

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 20 1978–1983 9.7 3.9 13.4

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 31 1977–1981 11.0 5.2 17.0

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 53 1977–1983 10.8 7.0 14.6

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 45 1978–1988 10.9 7.0 16.0

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 47 1978–1983 10.8 5.6 15.8

135 Turtle Creek above Washburn, N. Dak. 87 1988–2003 8.9 0.8 15.2

136 Painted Woods Creek near Wilton, N. Dak. 147 1970–2003 9.6 2.8 15.8

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 26 1977–1981 11.1 4.6 12.8

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 64 1977–1982 9.5 3.2 12.8

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 45 1977–1982 10.0 4.7 14.6

140 Square Butte Creek below Center, N. Dak. 9 1983–1993 9.0 6.9 13.4

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 151 1974–2001 10.6 7.8 13.4

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 33 1979–1996 9.3 4.3 13.4

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 25 1978–1996 10.1 2.3 14.6

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 63 1975–1994 9.1 4.7 14.2

146 Heart River at Dickinson, N. Dak. 5 1993 9.0 6.8 14.0

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 55 1977–2006 9.1 4.2 14.1

148 Green River near Gladstone, N. Dak. 4 1993 9.5 7.1 14.2

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 73 1994–2007 9.6 5.2 23.3

152 Big Muddy Creek near Almont, N. Dak. 3 1993 9.0 8.8 11.0

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 283 1977–2007 10.1 0.5 14.0

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 3 1988–1989 10.7 8.2 10.8

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 40 1977–1993 7.5 3.8 12.1

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 140 1974–1981 10.5 8.4 13.6

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 36 1978–1981 9.8 6.4 14.8

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 86 1974–1983 10.3 1.4 19.2

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 9.1 5.9 15.9

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 72 1993–2007 9.7 6.2 14.8

166 Cedar Creek near Haynes, N. Dak. 1 1996 11.3 11.3 11.3

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 47 1977–1981 10.3 3.7 14.5

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 65 1993–2007 9.8 5.3 14.3

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 334 1974–2007 10.0 3.4 17.0

171 Beaver Creek near Linton, N. Dak. 4 1993 9.1 7.7 12.8

173 Porcupine Creek near Fort Yates, N. Dak. 39 1991–1999 7.8 4.2 13.3

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 87 1974–1987 9.7 3.8 21.0

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 41 1985–1998 10.3 3.8 17.0

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 243

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Dissolved oxygen, in mg/L—Continued

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 113 1985–2007 9.4 0.5 18.3

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 166 1985–2008 9.2 0.8 17.8

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 10 1986–1989 9.2 6.4 14.7

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 127 1980–2008 9.9 1.9 22.4

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 21 1987–1999 10.7 6.2 16.4

181 Pipestem Creek near Buchanan, N. Dak. 5 1993 9.7 4.6 13.5

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 154 1984–2007 9.2 1.0 17.5

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 220 1976–2007 9.6 0.5 21.0

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 14 1972–1999 7.1 4.4 12.6

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 138 1970–2008 9.9 0.5 30.3

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 50 1976–1999 9.5 0.6 30.4

Total suspended solids, in mg/L

1 Bois De Sioux River near Doran, Minn. 40 2000–2007 36 <10 174

2 Red River of the North at Wahpeton, N. Dak. 2 1996 128 72 183

3 Red River of the North near Wahpeton, N. Dak. 1 2006 <10 <10 <10

4 Red River of the North at Brushville, Minn. 56 1993–2007 36 <10 261

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 49 1993–2007 65 <10 269

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 67 1971–2008 68 <10 709

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 19 1973–1977 38 <10 130

13 Red River of the North at Harwood, N. Dak. 53 2000–2007 95 <10 500

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 17 1993–2007 139 12 470

17 Sheyenne River at Warwick, N. Dak. 48 1996–2006 20 <10 78

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 16 2005–2007 19 <10 72

20 Mauvais Coulee near Cando, N. Dak. 6 1987–1988 <10 <10 13

21 Edmore Coulee near Edmore, N. Dak. 3 1988 <10 <10 10

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 5 1988 <10 <10 472

28 Big Coulee near Churchs Ferry, N. Dak. 5 1987–1988 53 17 99

30 Channel A near Penn, N. Dak. 7 1987–1992 14 <10 191

32 Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N. Dak. 92 1995–2007 34 <10 159

33 Baldhill Creek near Dazey, N. Dak. 11 1995–1996 17 <10 74

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 87 1995–2007 <10 <10 94

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 71 1997–2007 40 <10 415

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 72 1996–2007 65 <10 991

38 Sheyenne River above Sheyenne River Diversion near Horace, 

N. Dak.

13 2005–2007 102 <10 767

41 Sheyenne River at West Fargo, N. Dak. 6 1996–2006 159 19 245

45 Maple River below Mapleton, N. Dak. 49 1997–2007 62 <10 489

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 10 1993 102 19 250

51 Elm River near Kelso, N. Dak. 2 1993 46 <10 81

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
244 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total suspended solids, in mg/L—Continued

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 12 1978–2007 157 19 621

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 7 1970–1976 14 <10 40

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 74 1996–2008 40 <10 503

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 78 1997–2008 79 <10 708

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 67 1997–2008 34 <10 799

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 73 1996–2008 19 <10 430

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 67 1996–2008 23 <10 878

68 Red River of the North at Drayton, N. Dak. 5 1996 58 31 174

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 77 1996–2008 83 <10 3,740

77 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 1 10 1993 90 <10 320

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 90 1997–2008 139 <10 1,900

80 Long Creek near Noonan, N. Dak. 10 1997 14 <10 34

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 178 1978–2008 13 <10 96

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 47 1982–1998 <10 <10 62

84 Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak. 83 1996–2007 31 <10 105

85 Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. 134 1982–2008 <10 <10 99

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 189 1982–2008 20 <10 170

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 14 1982–1998 <10 <10 35

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 59 1982–1998 16 <10 63

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 15 1982–1997 14 <10 24

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 5 1992–1993 <10 <10 54

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 7 1997 <10 <10 14

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 3 1982 15 <10 33

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 6 1992–1993 11 <10 26

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 116 1971–2008 12 <10 116

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 3 1975–1977 58 22 96

101 Little Muddy River below Cow Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 9 1999 24 18 88

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 9 1970–1977 53 30 180

110 Little Missouri River at Marmarth, N. Dak. 8 1999 257 28 3,750

112 Little Missouri River at Medora, N. Dak. 73 1996–2007 198 <10 20,000

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 9 1999 <10 <10 98

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 314 <10 56,000

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 4 1975–1977 <10 <10 <10

120 Knife River near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 60 1997–2007 41 <10 467

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 14 1974–1990 <10 <10 26

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 4 2008 15 <10 36

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 80 1975–2008 11 <10 289

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 76 1975–2007 19 <10 735

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 16 1982–1985 16 <10 233

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 245

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Total suspended solids, in mg/L—Continued

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 11 1982–1985 <10 <10 222

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 6 1982–1983 49 18 170

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 22 1982–1988 25 <10 166

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 2 1975–1978 37 17 56

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 1 1982 93 93 93

149 Heart River near Richardton, N. Dak. 67 1996–2007 25 <10 206

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 68 1996–2007 12 <10 475

157 Long Lake Creek above Long Lake near Moffit, N. Dak. 3 1988–1989 17 <10 35

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 10 2007 32 <10 48

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 23 1975–1979 23 <10 84

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 2 1974–1977 <10 <10 <10

164 Cannonball River near Raleigh, N. Dak. 61 1996–2007 39 <10 885

169 Cedar Creek near Raleigh, N. Dak. 53 1996–2007 31 <10 701

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 63 1996–2007 35 <10 4,500

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 4 1974–1977 125 60 260

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 34 1985–1998 <10 <10 44

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 99 1985–2007 13 <10 96

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 169 1985–2008 16 <10 206

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 8 1986–1989 11 <10 81

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 109 1984–2008 28 <10 576

180 Pipestem Creek near Pingree, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 26 <10 59

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 159 1984–2007 17 <10 73

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 150 1984–2007 42 <10 514

184 Bear Creek near Oakes, N. Dak. 9 1998–1999 18 <10 39

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 78 1984–1995 43 <10 367

186 James River at N. Dak./S. Dak. State line 9 1998–1999 62 12 207

Suspended-sediment concentration, in mg/L

5 Red River of the North below Wahpeton, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 49 4 125

6 Red River of the North at Hickson, N. Dak. 102 1975–2003 72 3 379

10 Wild Rice River near Abercrombie, N. Dak. 62 1975–1994 42 4 540

11 Red River of the North at Fargo, N. Dak. 62 1975–2008 115 4 21,400

12 Red River of North below Fargo, N. Dak. 56 1973–1977 43 4 436

14 Red River of the North near Harwood, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 164 7 310

18 Sheyenne River near Warwick, N. Dak. 2 2001 58 21 95

24 Starkweather Coulee near Webster, N. Dak. 2 2001 200 6 394

34 Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam, N. Dak. 2 2001 17 17 17

36 Sheyenne River at Lisbon, N. Dak. 42 1977–1995 102 8 730

37 Sheyenne River near Kindred, N. Dak. 113 1975–2001 74 10 2,850

44 Maple River near Mapleton, N. Dak. 1 1975 120 120 120

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
246 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Suspended-sediment concentration, in mg/L—Continued

46 Sheyenne River at Harwood, N. Dak. 21 1997–1999 225 10 810

52 Red River of the North at Halstad, Minn. 135 1976–2001 76 6 730

53 Beaver Creek near Finley, N. Dak. 101 1971–1996 24 <1 633

55 Goose River at Hillsboro, N. Dak. 10 1994–2008 28 9 610

56 Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N. Dak. 29 1993–2008 125 6 1,110

57 Turtle River at Turtle River State Park near Arvilla, N. Dak. 68 1993–2000 15 <1 981

58 Turtle River at Manvel, N. Dak. 24 1980–2008 34 6 106

59 Red River of the North at Oslo, Minn. 54 1973–1977 76 5 1,060

62 Forest River near Minto, N. Dak. 21 1974–2008 38 4 158

65 Middle Branch Park River near Edinburg, N. Dak. 14 1978–1980 192 6 1,340

66 Cart Creek at Mountain, N. Dak. 9 1978–1979 574 138 2,920

67 Park River at Grafton, N. Dak. 8 2007–2008 14 4 31

72 Pembina River near Vang, N. Dak. 91 1970–1979 210 4 6,760

73 Little South Pembina River near Walhalla, N. Dak. 115 1970–1995 122 3 8,460

74 Pembina River at Walhalla, N. Dak. 249 1970–1995 681 4 19,900

75 Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak. 8 2007–2008 44 4 1,210

76 Tongue River at Akra, N. Dak. 16 2003–2004 42 9 813

78 Red River of the North at Pembina, N. Dak., site 2 54 1994–2008 190 8 1,243

79 Red River of the North at Emerson, Manitoba 123 1978–2001 115 6 911

81 West Branch Short Creek near Columbus, N. Dak. 22 1978–1981 22 3 70

82 Souris River near Sherwood, N. Dak. 64 1974–1981 23 4 1,400

83 Souris River near Foxholm, N. Dak. 90 1972–1980 13 2 80

87 Souris River near Verendrye, N. Dak. 93 1976–1986 16 4 1,150

88 Wintering River near Karlsruhe, N. Dak. 28 1977–1980 8 3 20

89 Souris River near Bantry, N. Dak. 139 1985–2000 26 2 746

90 Willow Creek near Willow City, N. Dak. 134 1986–2000 12 2 399

91 Stone Creek near Kramer, N. Dak. 132 1986–2000 14 2 310

92 Deep River near Upham, N. Dak. 19 1989–2000 12 4 92

95 Cut Bank Creek at Upham, N. Dak. 16 1999–2000 7 2 167

96 Deep River below Cut Bank Creek near Upham, N. Dak. 102 1986–1989 11 <1 100

97 Boundary Creek near Landa, N. Dak. 134 1986–2000 16 <1 76

98 Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak. 250 1974–1994 21 3 1,045

100 Missouri River near Williston, N. Dak. 68 1975–1982 178 16 6,740

102 Stony Creek near Williston, N. Dak. 39 1977–1981 78 16 1,370

104 Beaver Creek near Ray, N. Dak. 51 1977–1982 32 4 180

106 Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak. 177 1971–1995 104 8 11,300

111 Deep Creek near Amidon, N. Dak. 53 1977–1982 71 9 978

113 Beaver Creek near Trotters, N. Dak. 56 1977–1981 80 14 2,560

114 Little Missouri River near Watford City, N. Dak. 126 1971–1994 1,028 27 40,400

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
Appendix 1 247

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Suspended-sediment concentration, in mg/L—Continued

115 Missouri River at Garrison Dam, N. Dak. 67 1974–2007 2 <1 11

116 Knife River at Manning, N. Dak. 50 1977–1982 62 11 173

117 Stray Creek near Manning, N. Dak. 22 1978–1981 31 3 1,030

118 Knife River at Marshall, N. Dak. 46 1977–1981 89 23 1,510

119 Elm Creek near Golden Valley, N. Dak. 16 1977–1981 78 15 864

121 Coyote Creek near Zap, N. Dak. 55 1977–1983 48 6 638

122 Brush Creek near Beulah, N. Dak. 90 1974–1988 25 2 388

123 Spring Creek below Lake Ilo near Dunn Center, N. Dak. 58 1977–2008 41 8 185

124 Spring Creek near Halliday, N. Dak. 55 1977–1981 53 14 618

125 Spring Creek at Zap, N. Dak. 81 1975–2008 39 4 872

127 Knife River at Hazen, N. Dak. 132 1974–1993 66 8 3,780

128 Antelope Creek above Hazen, N. Dak. 35 1977–1982 28 3 406

129 West Branch Antelope Creek No. 4 near Zap, N. Dak. 196 1977–1982 29 3 325

130 West Branch Antelope Creek near Hazen, N. Dak. 17 1978–1983 60 10 1,120

131 Coal Creek near Stanton, N. Dak. 34 1977–1981 47 6 894

132 Alderin Creek near Fort Clark, N. Dak. 40 1977–1982 159 9 6,100

133 Coal Lake Coulee near Hensler, N. Dak. 18 1978–1982 35 5 887

134 Buffalo Creek near Washburn, N. Dak. 42 1978–1983 68 <1 824

137 Square Butte Creek near Hannover, N. Dak. 29 1977–1981 17 3 425

138 Square Butte Creek above Nelson Lake near Center, N. Dak. 57 1977–1981 44 6 2,140

139 Hagel Creek near Center, N. Dak. 43 1977–1982 29 4 1,440

142 Missouri River at Bismarck, N. Dak. 456 1972–2001 97 11 892

143 South Branch Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 20 1979–1982 179 15 18,000

144 North Creek near South Heart, N. Dak. 18 1978–1981 68 11 355

145 Heart River near South Heart, N. Dak. 58 1977–1982 125 19 1,250

147 Green River near New Hradec, N. Dak. 49 1977–1982 34 9 222

156 Heart River near Mandan, N. Dak. 120 1972–1993 42 4 2,690

158 Apple Creek near Menoken, N. Dak. 20 1979–1981 16 3 53

159 Missouri River near Schmidt, N. Dak. 6 1975–1976 146 26 352

160 Cannonball River at New England, N. Dak. 42 1978–1981 58 19 1,560

161 Coal Bank Creek near Havelock, N. Dak. 74 1975–1982 22 3 481

162 Cannonball River at Regent, N. Dak. 51 1977–1981 67 6 770

167 Timber Creek near Bentley, N. Dak. 54 1977–1981 44 10 572

170 Cannonball River at Breien, N. Dak. 139 1972–1992 90 6 9,100

174 Buffalo Creek Tributary near Gascoyne, N. Dak. 75 1974–1987 63 2 1,200

175 James River near Manfred, N. Dak. 32 1985–1995 11 <1 92

176 James River near Grace City, N. Dak. 54 1985–1995 11 2 243

177 James River above Arrowwood Lake near Kensal, N. Dak. 155 1985–2008 30 2 288

178 Kelly Creek below Niccum Reservoir near Bordulac, N. Dak. 10 1986–1989 8 3 24

Table 1–4. Summary statistics for field measurements, total suspended solids, and suspended sediment at selected sites in North 

Dakota from 1970 through 2008.—Continued

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; deg. C, degrees Celsius; --, not available; mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than]
248 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

Site 

identification 

number 

(table 1)

Site name Number of 

samples

Period of 

record Median Minimum Maximum

Suspended-sediment concentration, in mg/L—Continued

179 James River near Pingree, N. Dak. 107 1984–2008 32 2 784

182 James River at Jamestown, N. Dak. 79 1985–1995 39 8 154

183 James River at Lamoure, N. Dak. 136 1976–1995 65 3 402

185 James River at Oakes, N. Dak. 61 1985–1995 89 2 544
Appendix 2. Weighted regression methods for relating flow 

and concentration differences

Figure 2–1. Weighted linear regression model for mean relative differences in 

streamflow and the logarithm of mean relative differences in sulfate concentration.

Figure 2–2. Partially weighted residuals from the weighted regression model for 

sulfate and sample size used to compute mean relative streamflow and concentration 

differences. SD is the standard deviation of the partially weighted residuals as a function of sample size

Figure 2–3. Partially weighted residuals from the weighted regression model for 

sulfate and mean relative streamflow differences. SD is the standard deviation of the 

partially weighted residuals as a function of the mean absolute difference between 

downstream and upstream flow

Figure 2–4. Weighted linear regression model for mean relative differences in 

streamflow and the logarithm of mean relative differences in sulfate concentration, 

standardized to a sample size of n=40.
300 Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008

In this appendix, the methods used to determine the 

percentile lines in figures 31 and 32 are described. Consider 

sulfate first (fig. 31). Let X be the mean absolute difference 

between the downstream and upstream flow, as a percent of 

downstream flow, and let Y be the mean absolute difference 

between the downstream and upstream sulfate concentration, 

as a percent of downstream concentration. It was first noted by 

examining graphs of X and log(Y) that X was linearly related 

to log(Y) (base-10 logarithm). This is shown in figure 2–1, 

where the vertical axis is in log units. The regression line was 

obtained from a weighted simple linear regression model,

Log(Y) = α + βX + ω(X,n) e (1)

where

α is the intercept;

β is the slope;

ω(X,n) is a weight that depends on X and n;

n is the sample size (the number of pairs of 

values used to compute the mean); and

e is the error, assumed to be normally 

distributed with mean zero and constant 

variance.

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Mean absolute difference between downstream and 

upstream flow, as percent of downstream flow

Logarithm of mean absolute difference between 

downstream and upstream concentration, 

as percent of downstream concentration

Values computed using paired 

sulfate samples

Weighted linear regression fit

100 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

EXPLANATION

Figure 2–1. Weighted linear regression model for mean relative 

differences in streamflow and the logarithm of mean relative 

differences in sulfate concentration.

The weights were determined through trial and error, to make 

the residual variance as close to a constant (with respect to X 

and n) as possible. The weight function is given by:

ω(X,n) = [0.32+8/n]

1/2 [1+(X-50)/100] (2)

The weights decrease as the sample size increases (smaller 

error variance for larger sample size) and increase as X

increases. The relation between the partially weighted residuals (PWR) and sample size:

 PWR(X) = ω(X,n) e/[0.32+8/n]1/2 = [1+(X-50)/100] e (4)

is shown in figure 2–3. The points in this figure show a scatterplot of X and PWR(X) and the lines are plus and minus 

2SD, where SD=[1+(X-50)/100] sterr, which are approximate 95-percent limits on the partial residuals assuming e is 

normally distributed. Again, although the errors are somewhat 

positively skewed, the weights provide a good representation 

of the increase in variance as X increases.

Next, the errors were adjusted to remove the effects of 

variable sample sizes. A reference sample size of n=40 was 

chosen (for example, 8 samples per year over 5 years or 

4 samples per year over 10 years). The adjusted errors are: 

[e*|n=40] = [0.32+8/40]1/2 e/[0.32+8/n]

1/2 (5)

and the final fitted adjusted regression model is:

 PWR(n) = ω(X,n) e/[1+(X-50)/100] = [0.32+8/n]

1/2 e (3)

is shown in figure 2–2. The points in this figure show a 

scatterplot of the square root of n and PWR(n) and the lines 

are plus and minus 2 standard deviations (2SD), where 

SD=[0.32+8/n]1/2 sterr, which are approximate 95-percent limits on the partial residuals assuming e is normally distributed 

and sterr is the standard error of the regression (the estimate of 

the standard deviation of the errors from the regression model, 

in this case sterr = 0.196). Although the errors are somewhat 

positively skewed, the weights provide a good representation 

of the decrease in variance as the sample size increases. The 

relation between the partially weighted residuals and X,

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Square root of sample size

Partially weighted regression residuals

Partially weighted residuals for sulfate

Plus and minus 2 standard deviations

EXPLANATION

Figure 2–2. Partially weighted residuals from the weighted 

regression model for sulfate and sample size used to compute 

mean relative streamflow and concentration differences. SD is 

the standard deviation of the partially weighted residuals as a 

function of sample size
Appendix 2 301

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mean absolute difference between downstream and upstream flow, 

as percent of downstream flow

Partially weighted regression residuals

100 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Partially weighted residuals for sulfate

Plus and minus 2 standard deviations

EXPLANATION

Figure 2–3. Partially weighted residuals from the weighted 

regression model for sulfate and mean relative streamflow 

differences. SD is the standard deviation of the partially weighted 

residuals as a function of the mean absolute difference between 

downstream and upstream flow

 Log(Y) = 0.83 + 0.0093X + [1+(X-50)/100] [e*|n=40] (6)

where the estimated standard deviation of [e*|n=40] is 0.196. 

The adjusted regression model is illustrated in figure 2–4. The 

50th percentile is just the fitted regression line and the 90th 

percentile is: 

90th pct [Log(Y)] = 0.83 + 0.0093X + 1.28 (7) 

[1+(X-50)/100] 0.196

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Mean absolute difference between downstream and upstream flow, 

as percent of downstream flow

Logarithm of mean absolute difference between 

downstream and upstream concentration, 

as percent of downstream concentration

50th percentile

90th percentile

Values corrected to sample size 

40 for sulfate samples

100 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

EXPLANATION

Figure 2–4. Weighted linear regression model for mean relative 

differences in streamflow and the logarithm of mean relative 

differences in sulfate concentration, standardized to a sample size 

of n=40.

where 1.28 is the 90th percentile of a standard normal distribution. Figure 31 is simply figure 2–4 with the values expressed 

in arithmetic rather than log-transformed scale.

The same procedure used for sulfate was used to perform 

a weighted regression analysis for total phosphorus, but with 

different weights. The weight function for total phosphorus 

was:

ω(X,n) = [0.016+8/n]

1/2 [1+(X-50)/100] (8)

the adjusted errors for phosphorus were: 

[e*|n=40] = [0.016+8/40]1/2 e/[0.016+8/n]

1/2 (9) 

and the final fitted adjusted regression model was:

Log(Y) = 1.43 + 0.0034X + [1+(X-50)/100] [e*|n=40] (10)

and the estimated standard deviation of [e*|n=40] was 0.161. 

Figure 32 was obtained using this regression model and 

reversing the transformed resulting percentiles in a similar 

manner to sulfate.

Appendix 3. Water quality data used in this report

Appendix3.xlsx contains the four data tables listed below and is available for download at: 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5216/downloads/appendix3.xlsx

Table 3–1. Major ion constituent data at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 

through 2008.

Table 3–2. Nutrient constituent data at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 

through 2008.

Table 3–3 Trace metal constituent data at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 

through 2008.

Table 3–4. Field measurement, total suspended solids, and suspended-sediment data 

at selected sites in North Dakota from 1970 through 2008.
Publishing support provided by: 

Rolla Publishing Service Center 

For more information concerning this publication, contact:

Director, USGS North Dakota Water Science Center

821 East Interstate Avenue

Bismarck, North Dakota 58503

(701) 250–7400

Or visit the North Dakota Water Science Center Web site at: 

http://nd.water.usgs.gov/

Galloway and others—Evaluation of Water-Quality Characteristics and Sampling Design for Streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008—SIR 2012–5216