United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

___________

No. 98-2859

___________

United States Fidelity and Guaranty *

Company, a corporation, *

*

Plaintiff, *

*

v. *

*

Concrete Holding Company, formerly *

known as St. Charles Quarry Company, *

doing business as Defiance Quarry, *

doing business as Kurtz Concrete, Inc., *

doing business as Goellner Redi-Mix, *

Inc., a corporation; St. Charles County *

Sanitary Landfill, Inc., an *

administratively-dissolved * Appeal from the United States

corporation; Quarry Holding Company, * District Court for the

a voluntarily-dissolved corporation, * Eastern District of Missouri.

*

Defendants, *

*

v. *

*

John J. Barnes, Jr.; Quarry Holding *

Company, *

*

Third Party Defendants, *

*

John J. Barnes, Jr.; Quarry Holding *

Company; James P. Davis; Quarry *

Development Company; Community *

Title Company, *
1The Honorable Catherine D. Perry, United States District Judge for the Eastern

District of Missouri. 

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*

Cross Defendants, *

*

---------------- *

*

Concrete Holding Company, *

*

Third Party Plaintiff - Appellee, *

*

v. *

*

James P. Davis, individually, and as *

statutory and common law trustee for *

defendant Quarry Holding Company; *

Quarry Development Company; *

Community Title Company, *

*

 Third Party *

Defendants - Appellants. *

___________

Submitted: January 13, 1999

Filed: February 10, 1999

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Before BOWMAN, Chief Judge, WOLLMAN, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

___________

BOWMAN, Chief Judge.

James P. Davis, Quarry Development Company, and Community Title

Company appeal the judgment of the District Court1 awarding Concrete Holding
2Concrete also filed a counter-claim against USF&G. The jury resolved the

counter-claim in favor of USF&G, and the counter-claim is not implicated in this

appeal. 

3Apparently, Davis is liable to Concrete for the indemnification obligations of

Quarry by reason of Concrete's piercing the corporate veil surrounding Quarry to

reach Davis. 

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Company prejudgment interest. The appellants contend that in awarding prejudgment

interest to Concrete Holding Company, the District Court failed to comply with a

prior mandate of this Court. We affirm.

The litigation culminating in this appeal began when United States Fidelity and

Guaranty Company (USF&G) sued Concrete Holding Company (Concrete) and

Quarry Holding Company (Quarry) for breach of contract. Concrete filed a crossclaim for breach of contract against Quarry and a third-party claim for breach of

contract against James P. Davis, Quarry Development Company, and Community

Title Company (collectively, Davis), the appellants in this appeal.2 Concrete's claims

against Quarry and Davis were based upon an agreement in which Quarry agreed to

indemnify Concrete against losses like those incurred in this lawsuit.3

At the conclusion of the trial, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of USF&G

on USF&G's claim for breach of contract against Concrete and Quarry. The jury also

found in favor of Concrete on Concrete's cross-claim for breach of contract against

Quarry and on Concrete's third-party claim for breach of contract against Davis.

Thereafter, Concrete filed a motion anticipating that USF&G would seek prejudgment

interest from Concrete and asserting that USF&G should not be awarded prejudgment

interest. In the alternative, Concrete moved the District Court to award prejudgment

interest to Concrete from Quarry and Davis contingent upon a determination by the

District Court that USF&G was entitled to prejudgment interest from Concrete. As

anticipated, USF&G filed a motion with the District Court seeking prejudgment
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interest from Concrete and Quarry. The District Court determined that USF&G was

not entitled to prejudgment interest and therefore denied the motion of USF&G

seeking prejudgment interest and the contingent motion of Concrete seeking

prejudgment interest in the event it was awarded to USF&G.

USF&G appealed the denial of its motion, and Concrete cross-appealed. In its

notice of appeal, Concrete stated, as one of several grounds for appeal, that it was

seeking prejudgment interest against Quarry and Davis, "but only in the event

[USF&G] prevails in its appeal which seeks a reversal of the District Court's Order

denying [USF&G's] Motion for pre-judgment interest." Notice of Appeal of Concrete

Holding Company at 1-2, United States Fidelity & Guar. Co. v. Concrete Holding

Co., No. 492-CV-02218-CDP (E.D. Mo. May 8, 1997). However, in its brief in the

first appeal, Concrete did not raise the issue of its contingent claim against Quarry

and Davis for prejudgment interest.

This Court decided the appeal in a per curiam opinion, which states, "After

review of the record in the context of the parties' arguments, we find the record

supports the district court's decisions with the exception of the court's ruling on

[USF&G's] request for prejudgment interest." United States Fidelity & Guar. Co. v.

Concrete Holding Co., No. 97-2402, 1998 WL 165128, at **1 (8th Cir. March 26,

1998) (per curiam) (unpublished). We remanded the case with instructions that the

District Court award prejudgment interest to USF&G and otherwise affirmed the

judgment of the District Court without further discussion. Because our opinion was

silent as to whether Concrete was entitled to an award of prejudgment interest against

Quarry and Davis, Concrete filed a petition for rehearing requesting that this Court

make clear that Concrete is entitled to prejudgment interest in the same amount as the

award of prejudgment interest in favor of USF&G. We considered the petition and

denied it without comment.
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On remand, the District Court entered an amended judgment awarding

prejudgment interest to USF&G consistent with the mandate of this Court. The

District Court, on Concrete's motion, also determined that Concrete had not waived

its claim for prejudgment interest and that Concrete was entitled to an award of

prejudgment interest against Quarry and Davis in an amount equal to the prejudgment

interest awarded to USF&G. Davis now appeals the judgment of the District Court

awarding Concrete prejudgment interest.

For reversal, Davis argues the District Court erred in granting Concrete's

motion for prejudgment interest because the District Court lacked jurisdiction to

amend its judgment beyond the mandate of this Court in the first appeal. See United

States v. Behler, 100 F.3d 632, 635 (8th Cir. 1996) (holding all issues decided by

appellate court become law of the case on remand, and district court is bound to

proceed within limitations imposed by appellate court), cert. denied, 118 S.Ct. 152

(1997). This Court has the authority to determine on appeal whether the District

Court has complied with its mandate. See United States v. Bartsh, 69 F.3d 864, 866

(8th Cir. 1995) (quoting Jaramillo v. Burkhart, 59 F.3d 78, 80 (8th Cir. 1995)).

Before we can determine whether the District Court complied with this Court's

prior mandate, we must determine what the scope of the prior mandate was.

Although Concrete stated in its notice of appeal that it was seeking prejudgment

interest against Davis in the event USF&G was awarded prejudgment interest against

Concrete, Concrete never raised in its appellate brief the denial of its contingent

motion for prejudgment interest. It is axiomatic that an appellant's brief on appeal

fixes the scope of the issues to be reviewed on appeal. See Anderson v. Beatrice

Foods Co., 900 F.2d 388, 397 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 891 (1990); see also

United States v. Simmons, 964 F.2d 763, 777 (8th Cir.) ("As a general rule, an

appellate court may review only the issues specifically raised and argued in an

appellant's brief."), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1011 (1992). Furthermore, this Court's per

curiam opinion was silent as to whether Concrete was entitled to an award of
4Davis argues that the Court's use of the phrase "district court's decisions" in

affirming the District Court in the first appeal includes the District Court's decision

to deny Concrete's initial motion for prejudgment interest. See United States Fidelity

& Guar. Co. v. Concrete Holding Co., No. 97-2402, 1998 WL 165128, at **1 (8th Cir.

March 26, 1998) (per curiam) (unpublished). But Davis's argument that such generic

language amounts to a determination on the merits of Concrete's claim for

prejudgment interest begs the question whether the issue ever was raised in the first

appeal. For the same reason, we reject Davis's argument that the Court's denial

without comment of Concrete's petition for rehearing amounted to a determination

that Concrete was not entitled to an award of prejudgment interest.

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prejudgment interest against Davis.4 We conclude that the denial of Concrete's

contingent motion for prejudgment interest was not an issue in the first appeal, was

not considered by this Court, and therefore could not have been within the scope of

this Court's per curiam opinion and mandate. See Bone v. City of Lafayette, 919 F.2d

64, 66 (7th Cir. 1990) ("Subjects an appellate court does not discuss, because the

parties did not raise them, do not become the law of the case by default."); see also

Jasperson v. Purolator Courier Corp., 765 F.2d 736, 741 (8th Cir. 1985) (noting

questions not made issues on appeal ordinarily will be given no consideration by an

appellate court).

Davis argues then that because Concrete failed to raise the issue of

prejudgment interest in the first appeal, Concrete thereby abandoned any claim it may

have had for prejudgment interest. "Our general rule is that 'a party's failure to raise

or discuss an issue in his brief is to be deemed an abandonment of that issue.'" United

States v. Eldeeb, 20 F.3d 841, 843 (8th Cir.) (quoting Jasperson, 765 F.2d at 740),

cert. denied, 513 U.S. 905 (1994). However, Davis overlooks the fact that Concrete

had no reason to appeal the District Court's denial of its initial motion for

prejudgment interest because Concrete's right to prejudgment interest was not at issue

at the time of the first appeal. See Deposit Guar. Nat'l Bank v. Roper, 445 U.S. 326,

333 (1980) ("A party who receives all that he has sought generally is not aggrieved

by the judgment affording the relief and cannot appeal from it."); Bierle v. Liberty
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Mut. Ins. Co., 992 F.2d 873, 876 (8th Cir. 1993) (quoting Electrical Fittings Corp. v.

Thomas & Betts Co., 307 U.S. 241, 242 (1939)). After the jury verdict in favor of

USF&G, Concrete asserted in its initial motion that USF&G was not entitled to

prejudgment interest, or in the alternative, that Concrete was entitled to the same

amount of prejudgment interest that the District Court might award to USF&G.

When the District Court entered a judgment denying USF&G's motion for

prejudgment interest, Concrete was granted all the relief it had requested and

therefore had nothing to appeal.

Furthermore, any claim Concrete, as an indemnitee, had to prejudgment interest

from Quarry and Davis was contingent upon any right USF&G had to an award of

prejudgment interest against Concrete. When the District Court denied USF&G's

motion requesting prejudgment interest, the condition requisite for Concrete's claim

failed. Therefore, at the time of USF&G's appeal, the issue of Concrete's claim to

prejudgment interest was relevant only if the Court reversed the decision of the

District Court denying USF&G's motion. See 15A Charles Alan Wright et al.,

Federal Practice and Procedure § 3904, at 203-04 (2d ed. 1991) ("Cross-appeal . . .

is not required to preserve the right to orderly disposition of issues that become

relevant only because of reversal."). For these reasons, we hold Concrete did not

abandon its claim to prejudgment interest in the first appeal.

Because the denial of Concrete's initial motion for prejudgment interest was not

a subject of this Court's per curiam opinion and mandate, and because Concrete did

not abandon its claim for prejudgment interest, the District Court was free on remand

to grant the motion for prejudgment interest that is the issue in this appeal. See

Borchers v. Commissioner, 943 F.2d 22, 23 (8th Cir. 1991) ("Although [appeals court]

mandate controls all matters within its scope, a court on remand is free to revisit any

issue [appeals court] did not expressly or impliedly decide.").
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Finally, we note that notwithstanding Davis's strenuous arguments against the

District Court's ruling awarding prejudgment interest to Concrete, conspicuously

absent is an argument that, passing over the procedural issue Davis has raised,

Concrete is not entitled to prejudgment interest as a matter of contract. It is

uncontested that Concrete is entitled, by the terms of the indemnification agreement,

to recoup from Quarry and Davis the amount of prejudgment interest for which

Concrete is liable to USF&G.

The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

A true copy.

Attest:

CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.