Date: September 30, 2011

Subject: Summary of RBLC and Other Findings to Support Section 112(d)(6) 

Technology Review for Pulp and Paper NESHAP

EPA Contract No. EP-D-07-019; Work Assignment No. 4-09

From: Thomas Holloway

Corey Gooden

To: John Bradfield

Bill Schrock

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Under section 112(d)(6) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is required to review, and revise as necessary (taking into account developments 

in practices, processes, and control technologies), the national emission standards for hazardous 

air pollutants (NESHAP) developed under section 112. The NESHAP are to be reviewed every

8 years following the promulgation of the standards. The NESHAP for the Pulp and Paper 

Industry (40 CFR part 63, subpart S) was promulgated on April 15, 1998 and is due for a review

under section 112(d)(6). Consequently, EPA is conducting a review of available information on 

developments in practices, processes, and control technologies that apply to sources subject to 

subpart S. The purpose of this memorandum is to present (1) results from a search of the 

RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) for information on air pollution control technology

in the pulp and paper industry and (2) excerpts from a December 2010 document by the 

European Commission on best available techniques in the pulp and paper industry.

I. RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse

Under EPA’s New Source Review (NSR) program, if a company is planning to build a 

new plant or modify an existing plant such that air pollution emissions will increase by a large 

amount, the company must obtain an NSR permit. The NSR permit is a construction permit 

which requires the company to minimize air pollution emissions by changing the process to 

prevent air pollution and/or installing air pollution control equipment.

The terms “RACT,” “BACT,” and “LAER” are acronyms for different program 

requirements under the NSR program. RACT, or Reasonably Available Control Technology, is 

required on sources in areas that are not meeting national ambient air quality standards (i.e., 

nonattainment areas). BACT, or Best Available Control Technology, is required on major new or 

modified sources in attainment areas. LAER, or Lowest Achievable Emission Rate, is required 

on major new or modified sources in non-attainment areas.
2

BACT and LAER (and sometimes RACT) are determined on a case-by-case basis, 

usually by State or local permitting agencies. EPA established the RACT/BACT/LAER 

Clearinghouse, or RBLC, to provide a central database of air pollution technology information 

(including past BACT and LAER decisions contained in NSR permits) to promote the sharing of

information among permitting agencies and to aid in future case-by-case determinations. 

However, data in the RBLC are not limited to sources subject to RACT, BACT, and LAER 

requirements. Noteworthy prevention and control technology decisions and information are 

included even if they are not related to past RACT, BACT, or LAER decisions.

The RBLC contains over 5,000 air pollution control permit determinations that can help 

identify appropriate technologies to mitigate most air pollutant emission streams. It was designed 

to help permit applicants and reviewers make pollution prevention and control technology

decisions for stationary air pollution sources, and includes data submitted by several U.S. 

territories and all 50 States on over 200 different air pollutants and 1,000 industrial processes.

The RBLC provides several options for searching the database to locate applicable 

control technologies. To identify technologies appropriate for pulp and paper production, 

searches of the RBLC were made using the Process Type field for the following Process Type 

Codes: 30.200 – Kraft Pulp & Paper Process and 30.400 – Non-Kraft Pulp & Paper Process, 

which were the only codes related to the pulp and paper industry. All records from 2000 to 2010 

were searched. We extracted both sets of data from the RBLC website and grouped similar 

subpart S process types under the emission process groups developed for the September 2011 

National Emissions Inventory (NEI) risk modeling file. (RTI 2011)

The search identified information for 27 mills that use some type of emissions control for 

HAP compounds (e.g., methanol), total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds (e.g., hydrogen sulfide 

[H2S]), volatile organic compounds (VOC), or other organic compounds (e.g., acetone) for their 

subpart S process. (Emissions of HAP are expected to be reduced by the same control

technologies that reduce emissions of TRS, VOC, and other organics.) Appendix A summarizes

the results of the RBLC search for these 27 mills, organized by emission process group. Note: 

Some of these mills have results for multiple processes.

Bleaching VOC emissions were controlled by eliminating the use of chlorine or chlorine 

dioxide at 1 kraft pulp mill and using only hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydrosulfite, and sodium 

borohydride at 1 mechanical pulp mill. Pulping emissions of HAP, VOC, TRS, and/or acetone at 

12 kraft pulp mills were controlled by routing them to an incineration device, such as a boiler, 

lime kiln, recovery furnace, or thermal oxidizer. Wastewater VOC and TRS emissions at 2 mills 

were controlled by biodegradation or good management practices. In each of these cases, the 

information obtained through the RBLC search did not represent any practices, processes, or 

control technologies not already identified and evaluated during the original standards

development for subpart S.

Pulping VOC emissions were controlled at 2 mechanical pulp mills by using a

regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) and at 1 mill by using existing fiber scrubbers/condensers.

Papermaking VOC emissions at 14 mills were controlled by using good operating practices (for 

combustion and non-combustion sources), conducting new substance review and limiting VOC 
3

use and content (of additives, cleaning agents, etc.), using clean water in the papermaking 

process, using best management practices for pulp washing, using carbon adsorption to collect 

and reuse VOC solvents, or limiting pulp use. Tall oil recovery system VOC emissions at 1 mill 

were controlled by venting them to a lime kiln and thermal oxidizer. Lime slaker VOC and TRS 

emissions at 1 mill were controlled by a wet scrubber. Some of the practices, processes, and 

control technologies found in the RBLC search for these processes were not identified and 

evaluated during the original standards development for subpart S and warrant further study.

II. European Commission Document

A general search of the Internet was conducted for information on control technologies 

applicable to pulp and paper production. The search identified a December 2010 European 

Commission document entitled Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): Reference 

Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry. (EC 2010) Excerpts of

the best available techniques (BAT) from EC 2010 are presented in Appendix B of this 

memorandum. The most relevant of these techniques, relating to HAP control of subpart S 

sources, were already identified and evaluated during the original standards development for 

subpart S.

III.References

RTI 2011 Memorandum from T. Holloway, K. Hanks, C. Gooden, and M. Hakos, RTI, to J. 

Bradfield and B. Schrock, EPA. Inputs to the Pulp and Paper Industry September

2011 Residual Risk Modeling. September 26, 2011.

EC 2010 European Commission. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): 

Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper 

Industry. December 2010.
Appendix A

Summary of RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Search Results for Process Type Codes 

30.200 and 30.400 (Kraft/Non-Kraft Pulp & Paper Processes)
A-1

Appendix A. Summary of RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Search Results for Process Type Codes 30.200 and 30.400 (Kraft/Non-Kraft Pulp & Paper Processes)

RBLCID

CORPORATE_OR_ 

COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME

FACILITY_ 

COUNTY

FACILITY_ 

STATE PROCESS_ NAME POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION

CASE-BYCASE_ 

BASIS

EMISSION_ 

PROCESS_ 

GROUP

OK-0112 FORT JAMES OPERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILL MUSKOGEE OK PULPING SYSTEM 5 Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EXISTING CONTROL - NO USE OF CHLORINE OR CHLORINE 

DIOXIDE

BACT-PSD Bleaching

WI-0205 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WHITING MILL PORTAGE WI MECHANICAL PULP 

BLEACHING, P35, S35

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

PULP BLEACHING MAY ONLY BE CONDUCTED USING 

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, AND 

SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE, BASED BLEACHING TECHNIQUES

BACT-PSD Bleaching

LA-0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER -

MANSFIELD MILL

MANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARISH LA LIME SLAKER Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

WET SCRUBBER BACT-PSD Causticizing: Lime 

Mud

LA-0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER -

MANSFIELD MILL

MANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARISH LA LIME SLAKER Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

WET SCRUBBER BACT-PSD Causticizing: Lime 

Mud

LA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA LIME SLAKER 

(EQT014)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

WET SCRUBBER BACT-PSD Causticizing: Lime 

Mud

LA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA LIME SLAKER 

(EQT014)

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

WET SCRUBBER BACT-PSD Causticizing: Lime 

Mud

TX-0485 INLAND PAPERBOARD AND 

PACKAGING INC

INLAND PAPERBOARD 

AND PACKAGING 

ORANGE MILL

ORANGE TX NO. 1/NO.2 SLAKER Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PULP WASHING, AND 

THE REDUCTION OF VOC ADDITIVES TO THE PAPERMAKING 

SYSTEM

LAER Causticizing: Lime 

Mud

LA-0201 WEYERHAEUSER CO RED RIVER MILL NATCHITOCHES LA SOFTWOOD HD 

TANK

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

COLLECTING OFFGASES AND BURNING THEM IN EITHER THE 

NO. 2 HOGGED FUEL BOILER OR RECOVERY BOILER NO. 3.

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulp Storage

WI-0208 DOMTAR INDUSTRIES INC. DOMTAR NEKOOSA MILL WOOD WI KRAFT PULPING 

PROCESS, P14

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EMISSIONS FROM DIGESTERS SENT TO LVHC SYSTEM (FOR 

COMBUSTION IN BOILERS); EMISSIONS FROM BROWNSTOCK 

WASHER SENT TO HVLC SYSTEM (FOR COMBUSTION IN 

BLRF).

MACT Kraft Pulping

WI-0208 DOMTAR INDUSTRIES INC. DOMTAR NEKOOSA MILL WOOD WI KRAFT PULPING 

PROCESS, P14

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

EMISSIONS FROM DIGESTERS SENT TO LVHC SYSTEM (FOR 

COMBUSTION IN BOILERS); EMISSIONS FROM BROWNSTOCK 

WASHER SENT TO HVLC SYSTEM (FOR COMBUSTION IN 

BLRF).

MACT Kraft Pulping

AR-0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EMISSIONS TO THE LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

AR-0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Methanol ROUTED TO LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

AR-0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Acetone ROUTED THROUGH LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

AR-0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

ROUTED TO LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC
A-2

RBLCID

CORPORATE_OR_ 

COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME

FACILITY_ 

COUNTY

FACILITY_ 

STATE PROCESS_ NAME POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION

CASE-BYCASE_ 

BASIS

EMISSION_ 

PROCESS_ 

GROUP

AR-0088 GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR DIGESTERS (SN-59) Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

INCINERATOR CONTROLS DIGESTER RELIEF AND BLOW GAS 

EMISSIONS. HOWEVER, PERMITTED EMISSIONS ARE DURING 

FILL AND ARE UNCONTROLLED. CONTROLLED EMISSIONS 

ARE BASED UPON 15.5 LB VOC/ADTP (FROM NCASI 858, 

TABLES 9A-9F AND 9J)

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

AR-0088 GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR DIGESTERS (SN-59) Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

INCINERATOR CONTROLS DIGESTER RELIEF AND BLOW GAS 

EMISSIONS. HOWEVER, PERMITTED EMISSIONS ARE DURING 

FILL AND ARE UNCONTROLLED.

CONTROLLED EMISSIONS ARE BASED UPON 8.7 LB TRS/ADTP 

(FROM NCASI 858, TABLES 9A-9F AND 9J)

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

GA-0113 INTERNATIONAL PAPER INTERNATIONAL PAPER -

AUGUSTA MILL

RICHMOND GA NO. 3 DIGESTER 

SYSTEM

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

CURRENT NCG COLLECTION SYSTEM ROUTES EMISSIONS TO 

THE LIME KILNS. NO NEW CONTROLS FEASIBLE. FACILITY 

PRODUCTION LIMIT

Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

LA-0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUISIANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA A & B-LINE 

DIGESTER SYSTEMS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EMISSIONS ROUTED TO EXISTING LIME KILN OR NCG 

INCINERATOR

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

LA-0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUISIANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA A & B-LINE 

DIGESTER SYSTEMS

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

EMISSIONS ROUTED TO EXISTING LIME KILN OR NCG 

INCINERATOR

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

LA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA DIGESTER SYSTEMS, 

PRIMARY, 

SECONDARY, & 

SEMI-CHEMICAL

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCG 

INCINERATOR

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

LA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA DIGESTER SYSTEMS, 

PRIMARY, 

SECONDARY, & 

SEMI-CHEMICAL

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCG 

INCINERATOR

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

MS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION, 

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS DIGESTER SYSTEM Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EMISSIONS COLLECTED AND COMBUSTED IN THE NCG 

SYSTEM

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

AL-0237 INTERNATIONAL PAPER 

CORPERATION -

COURTLAND MILL

ID COURTLAND LAWRENECE AL NO. 3 DIGESTION 

SYSTEM

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

VOC WAS INCLUDED IN THIS PROCESS, COLLECT & 

INCINERATE LVHC & HVLC'S

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

TN-0128 PACKAGING CORPORATION 

OF AMERICA

COUNCE MILL HARDIN TN DIGESTERS, 

TURPENTINE 

RECOVERY, AND 

EVAPORATOR SYS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EMISSIONS ARE ROUTED TO THE LIME KILNS FOR 

THERMAL OXIDATION.

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

TN-0128 PACKAGING CORPORATION 

OF AMERICA

COUNCE MILL HARDIN TN DIGESTERS, 

TURPENTINE 

RECOVERY, AND 

EVAPORATOR SYS

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

EMISSIONS ARE ROUTED TO THE LIME KILNS FOR 

THERMAL OXIDATION

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC

FL-0254 STONE CONTAINER 

CORPORATION

PANAMA CITY 

MILL/STONE CONTAINER 

CORP.

BAY FL BATCH DIGESTER 

SYSTEM (21 UNITS)

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

ADJUSTMENT OF THE PH OF THE BOILER'S SCRUBBER 

WATER TO 8.0 PRIOR TO INCINERATION OF TRS

Other Caseby-CaseKraft Pulping: 

Digester LVHC
A-3

RBLCID

CORPORATE_OR_ 

COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME

FACILITY_ 

COUNTY

FACILITY_ 

STATE PROCESS_ NAME POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION

CASE-BYCASE_ 

BASIS

EMISSION_ 

PROCESS_ 

GROUP

LA-0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUISIANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA EVAPORATOR 

SYSTEMS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EMISSIONS ROUTED TO EXISTING LIME KILN OR NCG 

INCINERATOR

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Evaporator LVHC

LA-0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUISIANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA EVAPORATOR 

SYSTEMS

Sulfur, Total

Reduced (TRS)

EMISSIONS ROUTED TO EXISTING LIME KILN OR NCG 

INCINERATOR

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Evaporator LVHC

MS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION, 

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE-EFFECT 

EVAPORATOR 

SYSTEMS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

INCINERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Evaporator LVHC

MS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION, 

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE-EFFECT 

EVAPORATOR 

SYSTEMS

Hydrogen 

Sulfide

INCINERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Evaporator LVHC

MS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION, 

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE-EFFECT 

EVAPORATOR 

SYSTEMS

Odor INCINERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Evaporator LVHC

AL-0237 INTERNATIONAL PAPER 

CORPERATION -

COURTLAND MILL

ID COURTLAND LAWRENECE AL NO. 3 EVAPORATION 

SYSTEM

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

VOC WAS ANOTHER POLLUTANT IN THIS PROCESS, COLLECT 

& INCINERATE HVLC & LVHC GASES

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Evaporator LVHC

LA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA NOS. 1 & 2 

EVAPORATOR AND 

CONCENTRATOR 

SYSTEMS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCG 

INCINERATOR

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Evaporator LVHC

LA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA NOS. 1 & 2 

EVAPORATOR AND 

CONCENTRATOR 

SYSTEMS

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCG 

INCINERATOR

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Evaporator LVHC

LA-0158 STONE CONTAINER 

CORPORATION

STONE CONTAINER 

CORPORATION

JACKSON PARISH LA NCG/SOG THERMAL 

OXIDIZER

Methanol PROPER COMBUSTION AND OPERATION OF THE 

INCINERATOR.

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Incinerator

SC-0083 WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY WEYERHEAUSER 

COMPANY-MARLBORO 

PAPER MILL

MARLBORO SC INCINERATOR, NCG Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

MINIMUM TEMPERATURE AND RESIDENCE TIME/PULP 

PRODUCTION LIMIT (1410 ADTBP/D)

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Incinerator

SC-0083 WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY WEYERHEAUSER 

COMPANY-MARLBORO 

PAPER MILL

MARLBORO SC INCINERATOR, NCG Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

MINIMUM TEMPERATURE: 1200 DEGREES F; AND 0.5 

SECOND RESIDENCE TIME. PULP PRODUCTION LIMIT 

(1410 ADTBP/D)

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Incinerator

MS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION,

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS TURPENTINE 

RECOVERY SYSTEM

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

INCINERATOR: LIME KILN AND THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Turpentine LVHC

MS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION, 

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS BROWN STOCK 

WASHER

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EMISSIONS ARE FED TO THE LIME KILN OR THERMAL 

OXIDIZER FOR COMBUSTION.

BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Washing
A-4

RBLCID

CORPORATE_OR_ 

COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME

FACILITY_ 

COUNTY

FACILITY_ 

STATE PROCESS_ NAME POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION

CASE-BYCASE_ 

BASIS

EMISSION_ 

PROCESS_ 

GROUP

MS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION, 

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS BROWN STOCK 

WASHER

Hydrogen 

Sulfide

INCINERATORS BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping: 

Washing

MN-0041 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

STORA ENSO - DULUTH 

MILL

ST. LOUIS MN PRESSURIZED 

GROUNDWOOD 

PULP MILL

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZER (RTO). PRIMARY LIMIT 

UNITS IN PERCENT DESTRUCTION EFFICIENCY.

ALTERNATIVE LIMIT UNITS IN LB OF VOC/T OF OVEN-DRY 

PULP.

BACT-PSD Mechanical 

Pulping

MN-0076 BLANDIN PAPER 

COMPANY/MINNESOTA 

POWER

BLANDIN PAPER/RAPIDS 

ENERGY CENTER

ITASCA MN PRESSURIZED 

GROUNDWOOD 

MILL

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZER BACT-PSD Mechanical 

Pulping

MN-0076 BLANDIN PAPER 

COMPANY/MINNESOTA 

POWER

BLANDIN PAPER/RAPIDS 

ENERGY CENTER

ITASCA MN THERMOMECHANIC

AL PULP MILL

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZER BACT-PSD Mechanical 

Pulping

WI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA - BIRON MILL

SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P01 - THERMO 

MECHANICAL 

PULPING

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBER SCRUBBER. BACT-PSD Mechanical 

Pulping

WI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA - BIRON MILL

SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P02 - THERMO 

MECHANICAL 

PULPING (TM-II) 

PROCESS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBER SCRUBBERS / 

CONDENSERS.

BACT-PSD Mechanical 

Pulping

WI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA - BIRON MILL

SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P03 - THERMO 

MECHANICAL 

PULPING (TM-III) 

PROCESS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBER SCRUBBERS / 

CONDENSERS.

BACT-PSD Mechanical 

Pulping

WI-0214 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

SENA - NIAGARA MILL MARINETTE WI PRESSURIZED 

GROUNDWOOD 

PULPING (P04)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EXCLUSIVE USE OF ASPEN CORDWOOD BACT-PSD Mechanical 

Pulping

WI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA, 

BLEACHING

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

TECHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTE 

LOWEST POSSIBLE VOC EMISSIONS WHILE MAINTAINING 

PRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COST 

EFFECTIVENESS

BACT-PSD Paper Stock Prep

WI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA, 

DEINKING

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

TECHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTE 

LOWEST POSSIBLE VOC EMISSIONS WHILE MAINTAINING 

PRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COST 

EFFECTIVENESS

BACT-PSD Paper Stock Prep

WI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA, 

WATER 

CLARIFICATION 

OPERATIONS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

TECHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTE 

LOWEST POSSIBLE VOC EMISSIONS WHILE MAINTAINING 

PRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COST 

EFFECTIVENESS

BACT-PSD Paper Stock Prep

WI-0243 STORA ENSO STORA ENSO WISCONSIN 

RAPIDS PAPER MILL

WOOD WI P83 STOCK 

PREPARATION 

(JACKSON MILL)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

NO ADD ON CONTROL FEASIBLE. POLLUTION PREVENTION IS 

LIMITING THE AMOUNTS OF VOC APPLIED TO THE PAPER 

MACHINE.

BACT-PSD Paper Stock Prep
A-5

RBLCID

CORPORATE_OR_ 

COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME

FACILITY_ 

COUNTY

FACILITY_ 

STATE PROCESS_ NAME POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION

CASE-BYCASE_ 

BASIS

EMISSION_ 

PROCESS_ 

GROUP

OK-0103 WEYERHAEUSER WEYERHAEUSER --

VALLIANT

MCCURTAIN OK OCC PLANTS (3) Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

GOOD OPERATING PRACTICE BACT-PSD Paper Stock Prep

WI-0216 APPLETON COATED LLC APPLETON COATED -

COMBINED LOCKS MILL

OUTAGAMIE WI PAPER MACHINE #6 

(S62A, P62A)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

LIMITS ON THE RAW MATERIALS VOC ADDITIVES AND USE 

OF MARKET PULP.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0247 APPLETON COATED PAPERS APPLETON COATED -

COMBINED LOCKS MILL

OUTAGAMIE WI PROCESS P62, 

STACK S62 - PAPER 

MACHINE #1

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

LIMITS ON THE VOC CONTENT (RETENTION AID AND 

COATING) AND USAGE OF VOC ON THE PAPER MACHINE 

(LBS/ADT). REQUIRED UNDER PSD BACT AND STATE LACT.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0202 APPLETON COATED LLC COMBINED LOCKS MILL OUTAGAMIE WI PAPER MACHINE #7, 

COATINGS (P63 / S63)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

COATING VOC LIMIT, NO VOC FROM PULP BACT-PSD Papermaking

TN-0127 PACKAGING CORPORATION 

OF AMERICA

COUNCE MILL HARDIN TN PAPER MACHINES Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

USE OF WHITE WATER ON THE MACHINES AND GOOD 

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

BACT-PSD Papermaking

MS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION, 

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS PAPER MACHINE 

BUILDING

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

USE OF CLEAN WATER IN THE PAPER MAKING PROCESS. N/A Papermaking

AR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR FINE PAPER 

MACHINE #1 AND #2

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE 

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL 

UTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVER 

ONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS 

BEING USED.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

AR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #3 Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE 

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL 

UTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVER 

ONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS 

BEING USED.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

AR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #4 Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE 

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL 

UTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVER 

ONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS 

BEING USED.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

AR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #5 Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE 

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL 

UTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVER 

ONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS 

BEING USED.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

AR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #6 Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE 

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL 

UTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVER 

ONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS 

BEING USED.

BACT-PSD Papermaking
A-6

RBLCID

CORPORATE_OR_ 

COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME

FACILITY_ 

COUNTY

FACILITY_ 

STATE PROCESS_ NAME POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION

CASE-BYCASE_ 

BASIS

EMISSION_ 

PROCESS_ 

GROUP

AR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #7 Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE 

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL 

UTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVER 

ONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS 

BEING USED.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

AR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION -

CROSSETT PAPER 

OPERATIONS

ASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #8 Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCE 

REVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILL 

UTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVER 

ONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALS 

BEING USED.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

GA-0114 TEMPLE INLAND, INC. INLAND PAPERBOARD 

AND PACKAGING, INC. -

ROME LINERBOARD MILL

FLOYD GA KRAFT PULP MILLS -

LINERBOARD 

MACHINES

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

GOOD WORK PRACTICES BACT-PSD Papermaking

WA-0303 LONGVIEW FIBRE PAPER 

AND PACKAGING, INC

LONGVIEW FIBRE PAPER 

AND PACKAGING, INC

LONGVIEW WA PAPER MACHINES Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

USE OF LOW VOC ADDITIVES. THERE IS NO ASSOCIATED 

PERMIT LIMIT ON VOC EMISSIONS. ANTICIPATED NET 

EMISSIONS INCREASE IS 72.5 TPY.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

MI-0261 MEAD 

CORPORATION/ESCANABA 

PAPER COMPANY

MEAD 

CORPORATION/ESCANAB

A PAPER COMPANY

DELTA MI PAPER MACHINE, 

NO. 4, VALMET

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

VOC LIMIT INCLUDES ADDITIVES AND CLEANING, AS WELL 

AS PULP. PRODUCT LIMIT OF 251,000 TON PAPER PER YEAR

Other Caseby-CasePapermaking

OK-0112 FORT JAMES OPERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILL MUSKOGEE OK PAPER MACHINE Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

NEW SUBSTANCE REVIEW BACT-PSD Papermaking

OK-0112 FORT JAMES OPERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILL MUSKOGEE OK PAPER MACHINE 

COMBUSTION #11-14

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

EXISTING CONTROL - GOOD COMBUSTION PRACTICES BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #1 

(S14/P40)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKING 

ADDITIVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #2

(S15/P42)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKING 

ADDITIVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #3 

(S16/P44)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKING 

ADDITIVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE. VOC 

SOLVENT USAGE IS SHARED BETWEEN MACHINES #3 AND #4.

USE OF CARBON ADSORPTION TO COLLECT / REUSE A 

PORTION OF THE SOLVENTS.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA) WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #4 

(S18/P46)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKING 

ADDITIVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE. VOC 

SOLVENT USAGE IS SHARED BETWEEN MACHINES #3 AND #4.

USE OF CARBON ADSORPTION TO COLLECT / REUSE A 

PORTION OF THE SOLVENTS.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA - BIRON MILL

SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P40 - PAPER 

MACHINE #24 W/ 

COATER

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

PAPER MAKING ADDITIVE LIMITS BACT-PSD Papermaking
A-7

RBLCID

CORPORATE_OR_ 

COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME

FACILITY_ 

COUNTY

FACILITY_ 

STATE PROCESS_ NAME POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION

CASE-BYCASE_ 

BASIS

EMISSION_ 

PROCESS_ 

GROUP

WI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA - BIRON MILL

SENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P60 - PAPER 

MACHINE #26 W/ 

COATER

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

PAPER MAKING ADDITIVE LIMITS BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0089 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WOOD WI #12 PAPER MACHINE Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) AND 

LATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THE 

PAPER MACHINE: VOC CONTENT LIMITS - LIMITS ARE 

LISTED IN THE FACILITY NOTES

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0089 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WOOD WI #13 PAPER MACHINE Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) AND 

LATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THE 

PAPER MACHINE: VOC LIMITS LISTED IN FACILITY NOTES.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0089 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WOOD WI #14 PAPER MACHINE Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) AND 

LATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THE 

PAPER MACHINE: VOC CONTENT LIMITS, LISTED IN FACILITY 

NOTES.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0089 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WOOD WI #16 PAPER MACHINE 

COMPLEX

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) AND 

LATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THE 

PAPER MACHINE: RESTRICTION ON VOC CONTENT OF 

MATERIALS. VOC CONTENTS ARE LISTED IN THE FACILITY 

NOTES.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0243 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

STORA ENSO WISCONSIN 

RAPIDS PAPER MILL

WOOD WI P12 (PAPER / BOARD 

MACHINE #12)

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

NO ADD-ON CONTROLS FEASIBLE, LIMIT THE ADDITION OF 

VOC CONTAINING ADDITIVES, CLEANING AGENTS.

BACT-PSD Papermaking

OK-0103 WEYERHAEUSER WEYERHAEUSER --

VALLIANT

MCCURTAIN OK PAPER MACHINE Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

GOOD OPERATING PRACTICES BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0205 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WHITING MILL PORTAGE WI PAPER MACHINE #64 

W/ IN LINE COATER

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

INDIVIDUAL LIMITS ON RETENTION AIDS (30 WT.%), 

CLEANERS (5 WT.%), INTERNAL SIZE (1 WT.%), DEFOAMERS 

(25 WT.%), BIOCIDES (55 WT. %), DYES (45 WT.%).

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0200 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WISCONSIN RAPIDS 

PAPER MILL

WOOD WI P13/S13 -

PAPERBOARD 

MACHINE

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON-LINE 

CLEANERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AIDS 

<= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; INTERNAL SIZE <= 

0.15% VOC;

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0200 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WISCONSIN RAPIDS 

PAPER MILL

WOOD WI P14/S14 - #14 PAPER 

MACHINE W/ 

COATERS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON-LINE 

CLEANERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AIDS 

<= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; SIZE / PRECOAT 

COATING <= 0.12 WT% VOC OF DRY COATING; INTERNAL 

SIZE <= 0.15% VOC;

BACT-PSD Papermaking

WI-0200 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WISCONSIN RAPIDS 

PAPER MILL

WOOD WI P82 / S82 - PAPER 

MACHINE #16 W/ 

COATERS

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON-LINE 

CLEANERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AIDS 

<= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; SIZE / PRECOAT 

COATING <= 0.12 WT% VOC OF DRY COATING; INTERNAL 

SIZE <= 0.15% VOC;

BACT-PSD Papermaking
A-8

RBLCID

CORPORATE_OR_ 

COMPANY_NAME FACILITY_NAME

FACILITY_ 

COUNTY

FACILITY_ 

STATE PROCESS_ NAME POLLUTANT CONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTION

CASE-BYCASE_ 

BASIS

EMISSION_ 

PROCESS_ 

GROUP

MS-0075 GEORGIA-PACIFIC 

CORPORATION

GEORGIA PACIFIC 

CORPORATION, 

MONTICELLO MILL

LAWRENCE MS TALL OIL 

RECOVERY SYSTEM

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

INCINERATORS: LIME KILN AND THERMAL OXIDIZER. RACT Tall Oil

LA-0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARISH LA WASTEWATER 

TREATMENT

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

BIODEGRATION SYSTEM BACT-PSD Wastewater

LA-0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARISH LA WASTEWATER 

TREATMENT

Sulfur, Total 

Reduced (TRS)

BIODEGRATION SYSTEM BACT-PSD Wastewater

WI-0205 STORA ENSO NORTH 

AMERICA

WHITING MILL PORTAGE WI WATER RENEWAL 

CENTER, P02; S02

Volatile Organic 

Compounds 

(VOC)

OPERATE USING GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (NO 

NUMERICAL LIMIT)

BACT-PSD Wastewater
Appendix B

Excerpts from European Commission’s December 2010 Document

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): Reference Document on Best Available 

Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry
B-1

Appendix B. Excerpts from European Commission’s December 2010 Document Integrated 

Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): Reference Document on Best Available Techniques 

in the Pulp and Paper Industry

BAT for kraft pulp processing

Best available techniques for kraft pulp mills are considered to be:

 Dry debarking of wood;

 Increased delignification before the bleach plant by extended or modified cooking and

additional oxygen stages;

 Highly efficient brown stock washing and closed cycle brown stock screening;

 Elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching with low AOX or Totally chlorine free (TCF)

bleaching;

 Recycling of some, mainly alkaline process water from the bleach plant;

 Effective spill monitoring, containment and recovery system;

 Stripping and reuse of the condensates from the evaporation plant;

 Sufficient capacity of the black liquor evaporation plant and the recovery boiler to cope with 

the additional liquor and dry solids load;

 Collection and reuse of clean cooling waters;

 Provision of sufficiently large buffer tanks for storage of spilled cooking and recovery

liquors and dirty condensates to prevent sudden peaks of loading and occasional upsets in the 

external effluent treatment plant;

 In addition to process-integrated measures, primary treatment and biological treatment is

considered BAT for kraft pulp mills.

Best available techniques for reducing emissions to air are:

 Collection and incineration of concentrated malodorous gases and control the resulting SO2

emissions. The strong gases can be burnt in the recovery boiler, in the lime kiln or a separate, 

low NOx furnace. The flue gases of the latter have a high concentration of SO2 that is 

recovered in a scrubber.

 Diluted malodorous gases from various sources are also collected and incinerated and the

resulting SO2 controlled.

 TRS emissions of the recovery boiler are mitigated by efficient combustion control and CO

measurement;

 TRS emissions of the lime kiln are mitigated by controlling the excess oxygen, by using lowS fuel, and by controlling the residual soluble sodium in the lime mud fed to the kiln.

 The SO2 emissions from the recovery boilers are controlled by firing high dry solids

concentration black liquor in the recovery boiler and/or by using a flue gas scrubber;

 BAT is further the control of NOx emissions from the recovery boiler (i.e. ensuring proper

mixing and division of air in the boiler), lime kiln and from auxiliary boilers by controlling

the firing conditions, and for new or altered installations also by appropriate design;

 SO2 emissions from auxiliary boilers are reduced by using bark, gas, low sulphur oil and coal

or controlling S emissions with a scrubber.

 Flue gases from recovery boilers, auxiliary boilers (in which other biofuels and/or fossil fuels 

are incinerated) and lime kiln are cleaned with efficient electrostatic precipitators to mitigate 

dust emissions.

BAT for sulphite pulp processing

Best available techniques for sulphite pulp mills are considered to be:

 Dry debarking of wood;

 Increased delignification before the bleach plant by extended or modified cooking;

 Highly efficient brown stock washing and closed cycle brown stock screening;

 Effective spill monitoring containment and recovery system;

 Closure of the bleach plant when sodium based cooking processes is being used;

 TCF bleaching;

 Neutralizing of weak liquor before evaporation followed by re-use of most condensate in the

process or anaerobic treatment;
B-2

 For prevention of unnecessary loading and occasionally upsets in the external effluent

treatment due to process cooking and recovery liquors and dirty condensates sufficiently

large buffer tanks for storage are considered as necessary;

 In addition to process-integrated measures, primary and biological treatment is considered

BAT for sulphite pulp mills.

Best available techniques for reducing emissions to air are:

 Collection of concentrated SO2 releases and recovery in tanks with different pressure levels;

 Collection of diffuse SO2 releases from various sources and introducing them in the recovery

boiler as combustion air;

 Control of SO2 emissions from the recovery boiler(s) by use of electrostatic precipitators and 

multi-stage flue gas scrubbers and collection and scrubbing of various vents;

 Reduction of SO2 emissions from auxiliary boilers by using bark, gas, low sulphur oil and 

coal or controlling S emissions;

 Reduction of odorous gases by efficient collection systems;

 Reduction of NOx emissions from the recovery boiler and from auxiliary boilers by

controlling the firing conditions;

 Cleaning of the auxiliary boilers flue gases with efficient electrostatic precipitators to

mitigate dust emissions;

 Emission optimised incineration of residues with energy recovery.

BAT for mechanical pulping and chemi-mechanical pulping

Best available techniques for mechanical pulp mills are considered to be:

 Dry debarking of wood

 Minimisation of reject losses by using efficient reject handling stages

 Water recirculation in the mechanical pulping department

 Effective separation of the water systems of the pulp and paper miill by use of thickeners

 Counter-current white water system from paper mill to pulp mill depending on the degree of

integration

 Use of sufficiently large buffer tanks for storage of concentrated wastewater streams from the 

process (mainly for CTMP)

 Primary and biological treatment of the effluents, and in some cases also flocculation or

chemical precipitation.

Best available techniques for reducing emissions to air are:

 Efficient heat recovery from refiners;

 Abatement of VOC emissions from contaminated steam

BAT for recycled fibre processing

Best available techniques for recovered paper processing mills are considered to be:

 Separation of less contaminated water from contaminated one and recycling of process water;

 Optimal water management (water loop arangement), water clarification by sedimentation, 

flotation or filtration techniques and recycling of process water for different purposes;

 Strict separation of water loops and counter-currents flow of process water;

 Generation of clarified water for de-inking plants (flotation);

 Installation of an equalisation basin and primary treatment;

 Biological effluent treatment. An effective option for de-inked grades and depending on the 

conditions also for non-de-inked grades is aerobic biological treatment and in some cases 

also flocculation and chemical precipitation. Mechanical treatment with subsequent 

anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment is the preferable option for non-deinked grades. These 

mills usually have to treat more concentrated wastewater because of higher degree of water 

circuit closure;

 Partial recycling of treated water after biological treatment. The possible degree of water 

recycling is depending on the specific paper grades produced. For non-deinked paper grades 

this technique is BAT. However, the advantages and drawbacks need to be carefully

investigated and will usually require additional polishing (tertiary treatment);

 Treating internal water circuits.
B-3

Air emissions in RCF based paper mills are mainly related to plants installed for the production

of heat and in some cases for co-generation of electricity. Saving of energy corresponds

therefore with reduction of air emissions. The power plants are usually standard boilers and can

be treated like any other power plants. To decrease energy consumption and air emission the 

following measures are considered as BAT:

 Co-generation of heat and power;

 Improving existing boilers;

 When equipment is replaced use of less energy consuming equipment

BAT for papermaking and related processes

Air emissions from non-integrated paper mills are mainly related to steam boilers and power 

plants. These plants are generally standard boilers and do not differ from any other combustion 

plants.

In general in this sector BAT is considered to be the use of energy efficient technologies. A lot of 

options for energy saving in many stages within the manufacturing process are available. Usually

these measures are linked with investments to replace, rebuild or upgrade process equipment. 

Energy savings can be achieved by:

 Implementation of a system for monitoring energy usage and performance,

 More effective dewatering of the paper web in the press section of the paper machine by 

using wide nip (shoe) pressing technologies

 Use of other energy efficient technologies, e.g., high consistency slushing, energy efficient 

refining, twin wire forming, optimised vacuum systems, speed adjustable drives for fans and 

pumps, high efficiency electric motors, well sized electric motors, steam condensate 

recovery, increasing size press solids or exhaust air heat recovery systems

 A reduction of direct use of steam can be achieved by careful process integration by using 

pinch analysis.

Use of chemicals and additives

For chemical usage, the availability of a database for all used chemicals and additives and the 

application of the principle of substitution is considered as BAT.