AD-A266 529

CONVOYS IN WORLD WAR II

World War II Commemorative Bibliography No. 4

April 1993

DTIC S ELECTE

JUL 0 81993flfl

AU

NAVY DEPARTMENT LIBRARY

BUILDING 44

This document has ýbeen oap owd WASHINGTON NAVY YARD

for public release and sale; its WASHINGTON DC 20374-5060

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0I0•• i ii7i, S__ _ _ _ _ _ ]
Although widely employed by Allied and Axis maritime powers in

the Second World War, convoys achieved their greatest fame as the

crucial logistic lifelines connecting the United States to

England and the Soviet Union. Many convoys such as ONS5 which

crossed the Atlantic in April 1943 were successful, while others

such as PQ17 to Murmansk in July 1942 resulted in tragedy. Not

only were convoys the arena in which sailors were pitted against

a sometimes cruel and unforgiving sea, but more significantly,

they were a testing ground for the evolution of weapons,

technology and doctrine. The defeat of German U-Boats seeking to

ravage Allied convoys during the Battle of the Atlantic ranks as

one of the great triumphs of World War II, an essential

ingredient to final victory in Europe.

This selective bibliography is the fourth of ten Navy Department

Library bibliographies commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of

World War II. The emphasis of this bibliography is on Allied

Atlantic and Arctic convoys, but items relating to Allied and

Axis convoys in other theaters of operations have been included.

All of the materials cited are available from the Navy Department

Library.

For citations to materials not in the Navy Department Library,

the researcher should consult: Readers Guide to Periodical

Literature, Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals,

Myron J. Smith's World War II at Sea: A Bibliography of Sources

in English (1976), and World War II at Sea: A Bibliography of

Sources in English. 1974-1989.

BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS

Achkasov, V. I., and N.B. Pavlovich. Soviet Naval Operations in

the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Annapolis: Naval

Institute Press, 1981.

D779.$65 A23.

Agar Augustus. Footprints in the Sea. London: Evans Brothers,

1959.

UA89.1.A4 A3.

Antier, Jean Jacques. La Bataille des Convois de Mourmansk.

Paris: Presses de la Cite, 1981.

D771.A747 1981.

I _ ___
2

Beard, Charles Austin. President Roosevelt and the Coming of the

War, 1941: A Study in Appearances and Realities. New Haven:

Yale University Press, 1948.

E806.B434.

Beesley, Patrick. Very Special Intelligence: The Story of the

Admiralty's Operational Intelligence Center, 1939-1945.

Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1978.

D810.G88 B43 1978.

Behrens, Catherine. Merchant Shipping and the Demands of War.

London: H.M. Stationary Office, 1955.

HE823.B36.

Bekker, Cajus. Hitler's Naval War. Garden City NY: Doubleday,

1974.

D771.B38813 1974.

Bennett, Ralph. Ultra and Mediterranean Strategy. New York:

Morrow, 1988.

D766.B46 1988.

Blond, Georges. Ordeal Below Zero: The Heroic Story of the Arctic

Convoys in World War II. London: Souvenir Press, 1956.

D770.B63.

Bone, David William. Merchantman Rearmed. London: Chatto and

Windus, 1949.

D771.B6 1949.

Bowling, Roland Alfred. "The Negative Influence of Mahan on the

Protection of Shipping in Wartime: The Convoy Controversy in

the Twentieth Century." Ph.D. diss., University of Maine,

1980.

D436.B61.

Bragadin, Marc' Antonio. The Italian Navy in World War II.

Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, 1957.

D775.B683.

Bunker, John Gorley. Liberty Ships: The Ugly Ducklings of World

War II. Annapolis : Naval Institute Press, 1972.

VM391.B83 1980.

Cameron, Ian. Red Duster, White Ensign: The Story of Malta and the

Malta Convoys. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960.

D763.M3 P3 1960.

Campbell, Ian, and Donald Macintyre. The Kola Run: A Record of

Arctic Convoys, 1941-1945. London: Muller, c1958.

D763.5.C3.
3

Carse, Robert. The Long Haul: The United States Merchant Service

in World War II. New York: W.W. Norton, 1965.

D81O.T8 C28 1965.

Charles, Roland W. Troopships of World War II. Washington: Army

Transportation Association, 1947.

DB1O.T8 C43.

Coakley, Robert W. The Persian Corridor as a Route for Aid to the

USSR. Washington: US Army Center of Military History, 1990.

D743.U66 Ch.9 1990.

Coakley, Robert W., and Richard M. Leighton. Global Logistics and

Strategy 1943-1945. Washington: Office of the Chief of

Military History, United States Army, 1968.

D769.A533 vol.4, pt.4.

Cooke, Henry D. Atlantic Convoy Notes, N.p. n.d.

Special Collection D773.C64.

Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 9 vols. Washington:

Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy, 1959-1991.

VA61.A53.

Doenitz, Karl. Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days. Annapolis:

Naval Institute Press, 1990.

D781.D613 1990.

Dreyer, Frederic C. The Sea Heritage: A Study of Maritime Warfare.

London: Museum Press, 1955.

DA566.5.D7.

Easton, Alan. 50 North: An Atlantic Battleground. London: Eyre and

Spottiswoode, 1963.

D792.C2 E2.

Edwards, Kenneth. Operation Neptune. London: Collins, 1946.

D770.E4.

Elliott, Peter. Allied Escort Ships of World War II: A Complete

Survey. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1977.

V767.E43 1977.

Essex, James W. Victory in the St. Lawrence: Canada's Unknown War.

Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills Press, 1984.

D779.C2 E8 1984.

Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs. Annapolis: Naval Institute

Press, 1990.

D771.F844 1990.
4

Gannon, Michael. Operation Drumbeat: The Dramatic True Story of

Germany's First U-Boat Attacks Along the American Coast in

World War II. New York: Harper and Row, 1990.

D781.G36 1990.

Gibson, Charles Dana. Ordeal of Convoy NY 119: A Detailed

Accounting of One of the Strangest World War II Convoys Ever

to Cross the North Atlantic. New York: South Street Seaport

Museum, 1973.

D773.G53a.

Gill, G. Hermon. Royal Australian Navy 1942-1945. Sydney: William

Collins, 1985.

D779.A8 G5 1985 v.2.

Royal Australian Navy 1939-1942. Sydney: William Collins,

1985.

D779.A8 G5 1985 v.1.

Great Britain. Central Office of Information. The Battle of the

Atlantic: The Official Account of the Fight Against the UBoats 1939-1945. London: H.M. Stationary Office, 1946.

D780.G72 1946b.

Great Britain. Ministry of War Transport. Merchantmen at War: The

Official Story of the Merchant Navy: 1939-1944. London: H.M.

Stationary Office, 1944.

D771.G753.

Gretton, Peter. Convoy Escort Commander. London: Cassell &

Company, 1964.

D811.G7.

---. Crisis Convoy: The Story of HX231. London: P. Davies, 1974.

D770.G74 1974.

Hall, Hessel Duncan. North American Supply. London: H.M.

Stationary Office, 1955.

D800.H3.

Hall, Hessel Duncan, and C.C. Wrigley. Studies of Overseas Supply.

London: H.M. Stationary Office, 1956.

D800.H33.

Halstead, Ivor. Heroes of the Atlantic: The British Merchant Navy

Carries On. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1942.

n771.H3.

Herman, Frederick. Dynamite Cargo: Convoy to Russia. New York:

Vanguard Press, 1943.

D811.H47.
5

Hinsley, F. H. et al. British Intelligence in the Second World

War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations, 5 vols. New

York: Cambridge University Press, 1979-1990.

D810.S7 H49.

Hocking, Charles. Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of

Steam: Including Sailing Ships and Ships of War Lost in

Action 1824-1962. London: London Stamp Exchange, 1990.

Reference VK1250.H6 1990.

Hoehling, A. A. The Fighting Liberty Ships: A Memoir. Kent, OH:

Kent State University Press, 1990.

D810.T8 H64 1990.

Hussey, Brian F. Jr. The US Navy, the Neutrality Patrol, and

Atlantic Fleet Escort Operations 1939-1941. Annapolis: U.S.

Naval Academy, 1991.

D770.H88 1991.

Iachino, Angelo. Le Due Sirti: Guerra ai Convogli in Mediterraneu.

Milano: Mondatori, 1953.

D775.I2.

Irving, David. Destruction of Convoy PQ.17. New York: Simon and

Schuster, 1969.

D771.I76 1969.

Italy. Marina. Stato Maggiore. La Marina Italiana Nella Seconda

Guerra Mondiale, 19 vols. Roma: Ufficio Storico della Marina

Militare, 1950-1969.

See vols. 7,8 and 9.

D775.178.

Jones, Geoffrey P. Defeat of the Wolf Packs. Novato CA: Presidio,

1986.

D781.J67 1986.

Kahn, David. Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German UBoat Codes, 1939-1943. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991.

D810.C88 K34 1991.

Karig, Walter, Earl Burton, and Stephen L. Freeland. Battle

Report: The Atlantic War. New York: Farrar and Rinehart,

1946.

D773.K3 V.2.

Kemp, Paul. Russian Convoys, 1941-1945. London: Arms and Armour,

1987.

D771.K4 1987.
6

Kemp, Peter. Decision at Sea: The Convoy Escorts. New York:

Dutton, c1978.

D770.K43 1978.

King, Ernest J. Our Navy at War: A Report to the Secretary of the

Navy, Covering Our Peacetime Navy and Our Wartime Navy and

Including Combat Operations Up to March 1, 1944. Washington:

U.S. News, 1944.

D773.A5 1944.

Langer, William L., and S. Everett Gleason. The Undeclared War,

1940-1941. New York: Harper and Brothers, c1953.

D748.L3.

Leighton, Richard M., and Robert W. Coakley. Global Logistics and

Strategy 1940-1943. Washington: Office of the Chief of

Military History, Dept. of the Army, 1955.

D769.A533 V.4 Pt.4 .

Lloyd's War Losses: The Second World War, 3 September 1939-14

August 1945. London: Lloyd's of London Press, 1989.

Reference D810.T8 L55.

Lund, Paul, and and Harry Ludlam. PQ 17--Convoy to Hell: The

Survivors' Story. New York: Foulsham, 1968.

D771.L8 1968.

Lundeberg, Philip Karl. "American Anti-Submarine Operations in the

Atlantic, May 1943-May 1 9 4 5." Ph.D. diss., Harvard

University, 1950.

Special Collection D780.L95.

Macintyre, Donald. Battle of the Atlantic. New York: Macmillan,

1961.

D770.M2 1961a.

---. The Battle for the Mediterranean. London: Batsford, 1964.

D776.M2.

Middlebrook, Martin. Convoy. New York: Morrow, 1977.

D771.M53 1977a.

Milbourne, William. The British Navies in the Second World War

War. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1947.

D771.J27 1947.

Milner, Marc. North Atlantic Run: The Royal Canadian Navy and the

Battle for the Convoys. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press,

1985.

D779.C2 M56 1985.
7

Monsarrat, Nicholas. East Coast Corvette. London: Cassell, 1943.

DS11.M58 1943.

H.M. Corvette. New York: J.B. Lippincott, 1943.

D811.M6 1943.

Moore, Arthur R. A Careless Word--a Needless Sinking: A History of

the Staggering Losses Suffered by the U.S. Merchant Marine,

Both in Ships and Personnel During World War II. Kings Point,

NY: American Merchant Marine Museum, 1988.

D810.T8 M6 1988.

Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Atlantic Battle Won, May 1943-May 1945,

Vol. 10, History of United States Naval Operations in World

War II, Boston: Little Brown, 1956.

D773.M6 v.10.

---. The Battle for the Atlantic, September 1939-May 1943, Vol. 1,

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II,

Boston: Little Brown, 1947.

D773.M6 v.1.

O'Flaherty, Ferocious. Abandoned Convoy: The U.S. Merchant Marine

in World War II. New York: Exposition Press, 1970.

D773.033.

Parillo, Mark Philip. The Japanese Merchant Marine in World War

II. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International,

1987.

D777.P37 1987.

Pearce, Frank. Last Call for H.M.S. Edinburgh: A Story of the

Russian Convoys. New York: Atheneum, 1982.

D772.E34 P4 1982.

Penrose, Barrie. Stalin's Gold: The Story of HMS Edinburgh and its

Treasure. Boston: Little Brown, c1982.

VA458.E34 P46 1962a.

Phillip, John Di. Gunner's Diary. Boston: Meador Publishing Co.,

c1946.

D811.D54.

Poolman, Kenneth. Focke-Wulf Condor: Scourge of the Atlantic.

London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1978.

D770.P58.

Pope, Dudley. 73 North: The Defeat of Hitler's Navy. Philadelphia:

Lippincott, 1958.

D771.P6.
8

Potter, Elmer Belmont, and Chester W. Nimitz. La Gran Guerra en la Mar: Historia de las Acciones Navales en la Segunda Guerra

Mundial. Mexico City: Editorial Herrero, c1960.

D770.P6 1960a.

Rayner, Denys Arthur. Escort: The Battle of the Atlantic. London:

William Kimber, 1955.

D770.R6.

Rohwer, Jurgen. The Critical Convoy Battles of March 1943: The

Battle for HX229/SC122. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press,

c1977.

D770.R59313.

Roscoe, Theodore. United States Destroyer Operations in World War

11. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1953.

D773.R6.

Rosennan, Samuel I. ed. The Public Papers and Addresses of

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Vol. 11. New York: Harper and

Brothers, 1950.

E806.R749 v.11.

Roskill, Stephen Wentworth. The War at Sea, 1939-1945, 3 vols.

London: H.M. Stationary Office, 1954-61.

D771.R68.

--. white Ensign: The British Navy at War, 1939-1945. Annapolis:

Naval Institute Press, 1960.

D771.R69 1960.

Ruegg, Bob, and Arnold Hague. Convoys to Russia: Allied Convoys and Naval Surface operations in Arctic Waters 1941-1945.

Kendal, England: World Ship Society, 1992.

Russell, Herbert. Sea Shepherds: Wardens of Our Food Flocks.

London: J. Murray, 1941.

DA89.R8.

Rutter, Owen. Red Ensign: A History of Convoy. London: Robert

Hale, 1942.

DA77.R8 1942.

Sadkovich, James J. ed. Reevaluating Major Naval Combatants of

World War I1. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.

D770.R44 1990.

Sawyer, L. A., and W.H. Mitchell. Victory Ships and Tankers.

Cambridge, MD: Cornell Maritime Press, 1974.

VM391.$39 1974.
4 9

Schofield, Brian Bentham. The Russian Convoys. Philadelphia:

Dufour Editions, 1964.

D771.S294.

Schofield, William G. Eastward the Convoys. Chicago: Rand McNally,

1965.

D773.S4.

Seth, Ronald. The Fiercest Battle: The Story of North Atlantic

Convoy ONS 5, 22nd April-Tth May 1943. London: Hutchinson,

1961.

D770.S43 1961.

Shankland, Peter, and Anthony Hunter. Malta Convoy. New York: Ives

Washburn, 1961.

D763.M3 S5.

Shaw, Frank H. Epic Naval Fights. London: Werner Laurie, 1955.

D770.$48.

Simmons, Thomas E. Escape From Archangel. Jackson, MI: University

Press of Mississippi, 1990.

D810.T8 S48 1990.

Smith, Peter C. Hold the Narrow Sea: Naval Warfare in the English

Channel, 1939-1945. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, c1984.

D771.$635 1984.

Stettinius, Edward R. Jr. Lend Lease: Weapon for Victory. New

York: Macmillan, 1944.

D753.$77.

Taylor, Theodore. Battle in the Arctic Seas: The Story of Convoy

PQ 17. New York: Crowell, c1976.

D771.T4 1976.

United States. National Archives and Records Service. List of

Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous

Units, 1801-1947 . Washington: National Archives and Records

Service, General Services Administration, 1978.

VA55.U5 U43 1978.

US Coast Guard. Historical Section, Public Information Division,

U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters. The Coast Guard at War: Dec.

7, 1941-Apr. 12, 1944, Introduction. Washington: 1944.

D773.A34 v.1.

---. The Coast Guard at War: Greenland Patrol. Washington: 1945.

D773.A34 v.2.
30

---. The Coast Guard at War: North African Landings. Washington:

1946.

D773.A34 v.9.

The Coast Guard at War: Landings in France. Washington: 1946.

D773.A34 v.11.

The Coast Guard at War: Transports and z'scorts. Washington:

1949.

D773.A34 v.5 pt.2.

US Coast Guard. Merchant Vessel Inspection Division. War Action

Casualties Involving Merchant Tank Vessels. n.d.

VM455.U64.

US Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee. Japanese Naval and

Merchant Shipping Loss,•s During World War II By All Causes.

Washington: US Govt. Printing Office, 1947.

D777.U5 1947.

US Navy Department. Chief of Naval Operations. German, Japanese,

and Italian Submarine Losses, World War II. Washington: 1946.

Special Collection D780.U55.

US Navy Departr:*nt. Commandant Fourteenth Naval District.

Administrative History of the Fourteenth Naval District and

the Hawaiian Sea Frontier. Pearl Harbor: 1945.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 121.

US Navy Department. Commander Western Sea Frontier. Administrative

History of Western Sea Frontier During World War II. San

Francisco: 1946.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 163.

US Navy Department. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Arming of Merchant Ships and Naval Armed Guard Service.

Washington: 1946.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 172.

US Navy Department. Caribbean Sea Frontier. Aruba-Curacao Command

Headquarters, Commander All Forces. Willemstad, Netherlands

West Indies: 1945.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 164.

US Navy Department. Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet. Commander

South Atlantic Force. n.d.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 146.

---. Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet, Vol. I. n.d.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 138.
---. Commander South Atlantic Force. n.d.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 146.

---. Commander Task Force Twenty-Four. 1946.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 139.

US Navy Department. Commander in Chief, United States Fleet.

Convoy and Routinq. Washington: 1945.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 11.

US Navy Department. Chief of Naval Operations. German, Japanese,

and rtalian Submarine Losses, World War II. Washington: 1946.

Special Collection D780.U55.

US Navy Department. Caribbean Sea Frontier. The Guantanamo Sector

and the U.S. Naval Operating Base. Guantanemo Bay, Cuba:

1945.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 165.

US Navy Department. Commandant Third Naval District. Historical

Summary of the Third Naval District. New York: 1946.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 110.

US Navy Department. Commandant First Naval District. History of

Naval Administration, World War II. Boston: 1946.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 109.

US Navy Department. Commandant Fifth Naval District. History of

the Fifth Naval District, 1939-1945. Norfolk, VA: 1944.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 112.

US Navy Department. Commandz-t Sixth Naval District. History of

the Sixth Naval District. Charleston, SC: 1945.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 113.

US Navy Department. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Arming of Merchant Ships and Naval Armed Guard Service.

Washington: 1946.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 172.

---. History of the Naval Armed Guard Afloat, World War II.

Washington: 1946.

US Naval Administration in World War II, Vol. 173.

Waters, John M. Jr. Bloody Winter. Annapolis: Naval Institute

Press, c1984.

D770.W3.

Winton, John. Convoy: The Defense of Sea Trade, 1890-1990. London:

Michael Joseph, 1983.

JX5268.W54 1983.
12

Journal Articles

Anderson, Bern. "The Protection of Commerce in War." U.S. Naval

Institute Proceedings 78, no. 8 (August 1952): 881-87.

---. U.S. Navy's Attitude on Convoys." U.S. Naval Institute

Proceedings 83, no. 7 (July 1957): 782-83.

"Battle of Russia: Chickens That Got Home." Time 40, no. 14 (5 Oct

1942): 35,37.

"Battle of the Atlantic: Lighter-Than-Air-Convoys." Time 39, no. 18

(4 May 1942): 23.

Belke, T. J. "Roll of Drums." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 109,

no. 4 (April 1983): 58-64.

Bishop, John. "Destroyer at Work." Harper's 186, no. 1116 (May

1943): 577-86.

Bowling, R. A. "Escort of Convoy: Still the Only Way." U.S. Naval

Institute Proceedings 95, no. 12 (December 1969): 46-56.

Bragadin, M. A. "Mediterranean Convoys in World War II." U.S. Naval

Institute Proceedings 76, no. 2 (February 1950): 143-57.

Briggs, Frank R. Jr. "Detached Command-Multiple Duties of Armed

Guard Officers." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 69, no. 11

(November 1943): 1469-70.

Brown, Raymond J. "Won by Such as He." U.S. Naval Institute

Proceedings 115, no. 6 (June 1989): 43-48.

Campbell, I. M. R. "Russian Convoys, 1941-1945." Royal United

Service Institute Journal 91, no. 562 (May 1946): 227-40.

Capa, Robert. "Bringing Home the Bacon." Collier's 110 (Aug 1 1942):

16-19.

Christ C.J. "The U-Boat War in the Caribbean, 1942." Submarine

Review (October 1985): 32-37.

Cooke, Henry David. "The Atlantic Convoys." U.S. Naval Institute

Proceedings 76, no. 8 (August 1950): 862-69.

Davenport, Walter. "Convoy Away!" Collieres 113 (22 Jan 1944): 23,

47.

Deac, Wilfred P. "America's Undeclared Naval War." U.S. Naval

Institute Proceedings 87, no. 10 (October 1961): 70-79.
13

Flaherty, Sylvester J. "Convoy Slaughter." Naval History 2, no. 2/3

(Spring 1988): 42-44.

Foster, Kevin J. "America Defends Against U-Boats." Commandant's

Bulletin (April 1992): 26-29.

Gordon, Arthur. "The Day the Astral Vanished." U.S. Naval Institute

Proceedings 91, no. 10 (October 1965): 76-83.

Hess, Rae Richard ed. "Convoy to Murmansk." Collier's 110, no. 18

(31 Oct 1942): 13,60.

Hoyt, Edwin P. "Predator Beyond All Rules." Military History 1

(February 1985): 34-41.

Ingram, Jonas H. "The Battle of the Atlantic." U.S. Naval Institute

Proceedings 71, no. 7 (July 1945): 854-59.

Karig, Walter. "Murmansk Run." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 72,

no. 1 (January 1946): 25-33.

Kay, Howard Norman. "The Fifty Old Maids Came Through: In England's

Dark Hour These Old Greyhounds Appeared as a Light." U.S. Naval

Institute Proceedings 76, no. 9 (September 1950): 976-79.

Klemmer, Harvey. "Convoys to Victory." National Geographic 83, no. 2

(Feb 1943): 193-216.

Langdon, Robert M. "Live Men Do Tell Tales." U.S. Naval Institute

Proceedings 78, no. 1 (January 1952): 17-21.

Lipke, E. E. "A North Atlantic Convoy." U.S. Naval Institute

Proceedings 73, no. 3 (March 1947): 289-93.

Macintyre, Donald. "Three Aces Trumped." U.S. Naval Institute

Proceedings 82, no. 9 (September 1956): 923-27.

McCormick, Harold J. "Convoy Catastrophe." Sea History 62 (Summer

1992): 14-16.

McCormick, Ken, and H. Darby Perry. "The Murmansk Run." MHQ: The

Quarterly Journal of Military History 3, no. 1 (1990): 96-103.

Monsarrat, Nicholas. "Corvette on Convoy Duty." Harper's 186, no.

1111 (Dec 1942): 38-46.

---. "Corvette In Action." Harper's 186, no. 1112 (Jan 1943): 169-

78.

Norton, Douglas. "The Open Secret: The U.S. Navy in the Battle of

the Atlantic, April-December 1941." Naval War College Review

26, no. 4 (Jan-Feb 1974): 63-83.
14

Pratt, William V. "Defending Convoys Against Surface Raiders."

Newsweek 23, no. 2 (10 Jan 1944): 28.

---. "Warfare in the Atlantic." Foreign Affairs 19, no. 4 (July

1941): 729-36.

Roskill, Stephen Wentworth. "Capros Not Convoy: Counterattack and

Destroy." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 82, no. 10 (October

1956): 1046-53.

Russell, Allard G., and Karl F.W. Gartner. "U-Boat Stopped in

Atlantic Mining." All Hands , no. 815 (February 1985): 12-16.

Schoenfeld, Max. "Winston Churchill as War Manager: The Battle of

the Atlantic Committee, 1941." Military Affairs 52, no. 3 (July

1988): 122-27.

Seagrave, Sterling. "War at Sea Seared Americans Before Pearl Harbor

Attack." Smithsonian 12, no. 8 (November 1981): 100-09.

Sokol, Anthony E. "German Attacks on the Murmansk Run." U.S. Naval

Institute Proceedings 78, no. 12 (December 1952): 1326-41.

Syrett, David. "The Battle of the Atlantic: 1943, the Year of

Decision." American Neptune 45, no. 1 (Winter 1985): 46-64.

---. "German U-Boat Attacks on Convoy SC.118: 4 February to 14

February 1943." American Neptune 44, no. 1 (Winter 1984): 48-

60.

"Voyage to the U.S.S.R." Time 40, no. 18 (2 Nov 1942): 35.

Williams, E. Cameron. "Four Iron Laws of Naval Protection of

Merchant Shipping." Naval War College Review 39, no. 3 (MayJune 1986): 35-42.

Wood, Robert S., and John T. Hanley Jr. "Maritime Role of the North

Atlantic." Naval War College Review 38, no. 6 (Nov-Dec 1985):

5-18.