J-A17030-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

ALLAN J. NOWICKI JONATHAN 

NOWICKI 

Appellants

v.

CROWN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 2622 EDA 2021

Appeal from the Judgment Entered November 19, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County Civil Division at No(s): 

2017-02778

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., NICHOLS, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.: FILED AUGUST 31, 2022

Appellants Allan J. Nowicki and Jonathan Nowicki appeal from the order 

granting summary judgment in favor of Appellee Crown Financial Corporation. 

On appeal, Appellants argue that the trial court erred in granting Appellee’s 

motion for summary judgment because there were genuine issues of material 

fact. Appellants also claim that the trial court erred by deciding credibility

issues that should have been reserved for a jury and in relying on fraudulent 

and intentional misrepresentations by Appellee’s counsel. We affirm.

We adopt the trial court’s summary of the facts and procedural history 

underlying this matter. See Trial Ct. Op., 2/10/22, at 1-4. Briefly, the parties 

entered an agreement for a commercial land transaction in 2016. Ultimately, 

after Appellants failed to provide the agreed-upon $15,000 payment before 

____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A17030-22

- 2 -

the April 7, 2017 deadline, Appellee terminated the agreement and retained 

Appellant’s initial deposit. Appellants subsequently filed a complaint raising 

breach of contract claims against Appellee. Both parties filed cross-motions 

for summary judgment in 2020 and renewed motions for summary judgment 

in 2021. Following a hearing on October 29, 2021, the trial court issued an 

order granting Appellee’s renewed motion for summary judgment and denying 

the motion filed by Appellants.

Appellants filed a timely notice of appeal and a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(b) statement. The trial court issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion addressing 

Appellants’ claims.

On appeal, Appellants raise the following issues for review:

1. Did the [trial court] err in granting summary judgment to 

[Appellee] by deciding an issue of credibility that should have 

been presented to the jury? 

2. Did the [trial court] err in granting summary judgment to 

[Appellee] when there were genuine issues of material fact?

3. Did the [trial court] err in granting summary judgment to 

[Appellee] by relying on fraudulent and intentional 

misrepresentations to the court at oral argument by 

[Appellee’s] attorney[,] Gregory F. Cirillo?

Appellants’ Brief at 6.

All of Appellants’ claims challenge the trial court’s order granting 

summary judgment in favor of Appellees. In reviewing this issue, we are 

guided by the following principles:

Our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is 

plenary. Summary judgment is appropriate where there is no 
J-A17030-22

- 3 -

genuine issue of material fact as to a necessary element of a cause 

of action that can be established by discovery or expert report. In 

reviewing an order granting a motion for summary judgment, an 

appellate court must examine the entire record in the light most 

favorable to the non-moving party and resolve all doubts against 

the moving party.

Liberty Mutual Grp., Inc. v. 700 Pharmacy, LLC, 270 A.3d 537, 547-48 

(Pa. Super. 2022) (citations omitted and formatting altered).

To establish a cause of action for breach of contract, the plaintiff must 

prove three elements: “(1) the existence of a contract, including its essential 

terms[;] (2) a breach of the contract; and, (3) resultant damages.” Meyer, 

Darragh, Buckler, Bebenek & Eck, P.L.L.C. v. Law Firm of Malone 

Middleman, P.C., 137 A.3d 1247, 1258 (Pa. 2016) (citation omitted). 

Further, it is well settled that “[w]hen performance of a duty under a contract 

is due, any nonperformance is a breach.” McCausland v. Wagner, 78 A.3d 

1093, 1101 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation omitted). “If a breach constitutes a 

material failure of performance, the non-breaching party is relieved from any 

obligation to perform; thus, a party who has materially breached a contract 

may not insist upon performance of the contract by the non-breaching party.” 

Id. (citation omitted). 

Here, following our review of the parties’ briefs, the relevant law, and 

the trial court’s opinion, we affirm on the basis of the trial court’s analysis of 

this issue. See Trial Ct. Op. at 6-10. Specifically, we agree with the trial 

court that there was no dispute that Appellants breached the parties’ 

agreement by failing to “make a valid tender of $15,000 to Appellee by April 
J-A17030-22

- 4 -

7, 2017.” Id. at 8 (citation omitted). Therefore, “[p]er the terms of the 

second amended [a]greement, Appellee was entitled to terminate the 

[a]greement and retain the full amount of deposit money paid by Appellants 

to Appellee in the event of Appellants’ breach.” Id. (citation omitted). 

Further, because the trial court’s ruling “did not turn on any fact that was in 

dispute[,]” we agree with the trial court that there were no issues of material 

fact that required a determination from a jury, nor were there any credibility 

issues precluding the trial court from entering summary judgment in favor of 

Appellee. See id. at 9-10. Finally, we agree with the trial court that 

Appellants have failed to identify any specific statements by Appellee’s counsel 

that were “intentionally fabricated, fraudulent, or misleading.” Id. at 9. 

Therefore, Appellants are not entitled to relief. Accordingly, we affirm.

Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 8/31/2022