# Refrigerants

3/12/14

# System Variables Impacting Performance 

# From Refrigerant Point Of View

Discharge Temperature

Mass Flow Suction Temperature

Subcooling

Superheat Comp. Isen

. Efficiency

Heat Of Evaporation Heat Of Condensing Ambient Temp & Humidity

Heat Transfer Coeff

. Evap Heat Transfer Coeff . Cond.

Critical Temperature

Pressure Drop Effect Comp

. Vol. Efficiency And Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerant



# Refrigerants that work for one application, may not for another

# Lower GWP Refrigerant Landscape Options For New & Existing Applications

R

- 410A Like Capacity



### R404A & 

### R407/22 Like

R134a Like

GWP Level 400

- 675

< 1500

~600 150

- 300 R32

DP: DR7, DR3 HWL: L40, L20

HFO 1234yf HFO 1234ze R410A

R407C R22



### 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Pressure Or

DP: DR91, DR33 HWL: N20, N40 DP: DR5 HWL: L41

DP: XP10 HWL: N13 R134a R407A CO 2

R404A

DP: DR2; HWL: N12 ARK: ARC 1 R290 NH 3 A1

– Non Flammable

A2L

– Mildly Flammable A3

– Flammable B2L

– Toxic, Mildly Flam.

Qualitative Chart

– Not To Scale ARK: ARM 71

ARK: ARM 20, ARM 42

ARK: ARM 32 R407F



### R123

- Like ( V.Low Pr.) (3922) 

## Category 1
Category 2 Category 3

# Annual Energy Comparison

- Supermarket 

# LT: 300 kBtu /hr, MT: 900 kBtu /hr, Atlanta

300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 550000 

# 600000 650000 700000 750000



# R404A R407A R410A LT MT

+6.7% +3.6% - 4.3%

- 13.3% Annual Energy, kWhr



## R407 Series Efficient In Medium, Not In Low Temperature May not be an issue if both temperature applications in use Category 1

# Category 2

– N40/DR33 vs R404A

80% 90% 100% 110%

90 105 120 24h Energy Consumption [% of R404A]

Condensing Temperature [F]



## Low Temp R404A

N40

80% 90% 100% 110%

90 105 120 24h Energy Consumption [% of R404A]

Condensing Temperature [F]



## Medium Temp R404A

N40



# N40 and DR33 (XP40) will be good candidates to replace R404A in both Medium and Low temperature applications; expect customers to use this as replacements for R22 as well

# Category 3: L40/DR7 Vs R404A In A Small Charge System (Reach

- In)

0.5 HP (Reciprocating Comp.), Freezer Application, Tested Per ASHRAE 72, Steady State With No Cycling Or Door Openings; Adjustment To Charge And TXV Setting Only. Room Ambient: 23.9 0 C (75 0 F) And Reach

- In Air Temperature:

- 17.8 0 C (0 0 F) With Product Simulators Loaded. Note That Compressor And System Were Not Redesigned Or Optimized For These New Blends With Glide 

## Once approved and available, expect L40/DR7 like candidates to replace R404A in secondary and small charge systems like walk

- ins and reach

- ins.
May be a preferred option 

## to R134a and even R290 in reach

- ins, high, medium and low temp applications.

# Category 3: L40/DR7 Vs R404A In A Small Charge System (Walk

- In)

3.0 HP (Scroll Comp.), Freezer Application, Tested Per AHRI 1250, Adjustment To Charge And TXV Setting Only. Room Ambient: 3 5 0 C (95 0 F), 15 0 C (59 0 F) And Box Air Temperature:

- 23.3 0 C (

- 10 0 F). Note That Compressor And System Were Not Redesigned Or Optimized For These New Blends With Glide 

## Once SNAP listed and 

## commercially available, expect L40/DR7 to replace R404A in walk

- in applications, due to their low charge.

# Lower GWP Refrigerant Landscape Options For New & Existing Applications

R

- 410A Like Capacity



### R404A & 

### R407/22 Like

R134a Like

GWP Level 400

- 675

< 1500

~600 150

- 300 R32

DP: DR7, DR3 HWL: L40, L20

HFO 1234yf HFO 1234ze R410A

R407C R22



### 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Pressure Or

DP: DR91, DR33 HWL: N20, N40 DP: DR5 HWL: L41

DP: XP10 HWL: N13 R134a R407A CO 2

R404A

DP: DR2; HWL: N12 ARK: ARC 1 R290 NH 3 A1

– Non Flammable

A2L

– Mildly Flammable A3

– Flammable B2L

– Toxic, Mildly Flam.

Qualitative Chart

– Not To Scale ARK: ARM 71

ARK: ARM 20, ARM 42

ARK: ARM 32 R407F



### R123

- Like ( V.Low Pr.) (3922)



## Category 1 Category 2

# R134a vs XP10, N13, 1234yf And 1234ze In 

# Reach

- In Application

- Analysis Theoretical 24 - hr Energy, % R134a



## In medium temp reach

- in application, R134a consumes less

energy than most options; actual test results could be different

based on design losses

# Summary

 

## Changing status of R404A in mutliplex refrigeration systems (as in large supermarket DX racks) may be energy neutral with alternates only when both medium and low temperature systems are combined

– R407A is better than R404A in medium temperature, but not so in low temperature from energy point of view



##  

## Early results indicate that N40 and XP40 could be better than R404A in both medium and low temperature applications; they are not yet SNAP approved and therefore not commercialized

 

## In small reach

- in systems using R134a, the alternates like XP10, N13 are not yet commercialized; the HFOs are less efficient and may need 

# redesign to improve

– Some “bottle coolers” have already switched/switching to R290 and CO2 with redesign of system; these are typically called “high temp” systems

– R290 application are limited due to redesign requirements and charge limitations for flammability

– Lower GWP (<1430 GWP) alternates like XP40, N40, DR7, L40 will be good alternates with some redesign; but not yet SNAP listed nor commercialized

# DuPontTM Opteon ® 

# Refrigerants Optimal Balance of Properties; Many Promising Candidates

Leading Lower GWP Candidates

— HFO Based


# Non

- flammable Mildly Flammable
Current GWP Name GWP Name GWP
HFC

- 134a 1430 XP10 630 YF 4
DR

- 14 389
HFC

- 404A 3902 XP40 1397 DR

- 7 246
XP44 2140
HFC

- 410A 2088 DR

- 5A 460
HCFC

- 22 1810 DR

- 91 988
HCFC

- 123 77 DR

- 2 9

Notes: GWP values AR4, “ DR” designates under development Presented at AHR Show webinar

# Opteon ® 

# Low GWP Replacements for R

- 404A Leading Candidates

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

404A XP44 XP40 XP10 DR

- 7



# GWP Reduction  

### XP44  Close performance match to R

- 404A  Formulated for lowest discharge temperature; ideal for transport refrigeration  Non

- flammable ; for retrofit and new systems



###  

### XP40  Close performance match to R

- 404A  N on
- flammable; for retrofit and new systems



###  

### XP10  Close performance match to R

- 134a; for retrofit and new systems  N on
- flammable; preferred for hybrid CO 2 cascade systems



###  

### DR

- 7  Close performance match to R

- 404A  Mildly flammable (ASHRAE Class 2L expected)  For smaller charge size equipment (condensing units, self

- contained) 

## - 65%



# - 94% - 84% - 45% % Presented at AHR Show webinar

# Honeywell’s Solstice TM 

# Low GWP Refrigerants

SolsticeTM HFO’s
Current Product 

### Non

Flammable Mildly Flammable (ASHRAE A2L) Examples of Possible Applications



### HFC

- 134a 

### GWP = 1300 Solstice yf GWP = 0 Auto A/C, Vending, Refrigerators

Solstice ze GWP = 1 Chillers, CO 2 

### Cascades, Refrigerators

R

- 123 GWP = 79 Solstice zd

GWP = 1 Centrifugal Chillers 

## SolsticeTM HFO’s for Low and Medium Pressure Applications

Note: All GWP values use the latest assessment from the ICCP, “AR5” Presented at AHR Show webinar

# Honeywell’s Solstice TM 

# Low GWP Refrigerant Blends

SolsticeTM HFO Blends

Current Product SolsticeTM N Series

Reduced GWP Option Non

- Flammable (ASHRAE A1) SolsticeTM L Series Lowest GWP Option Mildly Flammable (ASHRAE A2L) Examples of Possible Applications

HFC

- 134a GWP = 1300 N

- 13

— GWP = 547 Chillers, Med.

- temp Refrigeration

HCFC

- 22 GWP = 1760 N

- 20

— GWP = 891 L

- 20

— GWP = 295 Stationary A/C, CO 2 Cascades, Refrigeration

R

- 404A GWP = 3943 N

- 40

— GWP = 1273 L

- 40

— GWP = 285 Low

- Temp Refrigeration

R

- 410A GWP = 1924 L

- 41

— GWP = 461 GWP = 572 Stationary A/C Applications



### Note: All GWP values use the latest assessment from the ICCP, “AR5” 

## SolsticeTM HFO Blends for Medium & High

- Pressure Applications Presented at AHR Show webinar

# Arkema’s Next Generation Refrigerants For Low, Medium and High

- Pressure Applications

Current Refrigerant

R

- 123

GWP = 77 R

- 134a

GWP = 1430 R

- 410A GWP = 2100 R

- 404A

GWP = 3900 R

- 22

GWP = 1810



### Non

Flammable ARC

- 1 (GWP < 15) ARM

- 35 (GWP ~ 2150)
ARM

- 32b (GWP ~ 1400) ARM

- 32c (GWP < 1400)



### Mildly Flammable R

- 1234yf (GWP = 4)
ARM

- 42 (GWP < 150) ARM

- 71a (GWP < 500) ARM

- 20a (GWP < 150)
ARM

- 20b (GWP ~ 250)



### Flammable ARM

- 25 (GWP < 150) 

### Presented at AHR Show webinar

# Thank You!

DISCLAIMER Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without gu arantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of car rying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information and results obtained. Stat eme nts or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is fr ee of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and sa fet y measures are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.