# Patent

## Title
End-functionalized conjugated diene-based polymer and process for producing same

## Abstract

Disclosed are a modified conjugated diene-based polymer represented by Chemical Formula 1, a method of preparing the same, and a rubber composition including the same.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/KR2014/009735, filed Oct. 16, 2014, which claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. KR 10-2013-0124076, filed Oct. 17, 2013 and Korean Patent Application No. KR 10-2014-0139676, filed Oct. 16, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an end-functionalized conjugated diene-based polymer and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly, to an end-functionalized conjugated diene-based polymer having superior compatibility with an inorganic filler, heat build-up, tensile strength, wear resistance, fuel economy, and wet skid resistance, and to a method of preparing the same.
BACKGROUND ART
With the increasing demand for stability, durability and fuel economy for vehicles, there is a need to develop rubber having superior wet skid resistance, high mechanical strength and low rolling resistance as a material for vehicle tires, especially tire treads in contact with roads.
Although conventional tire treads have been formed by mixing conjugated diene-based rubber with an inorganic filler for enhancing properties as above, problems of high hysteresis loss or low dispersibility may occur.
Hence, research is ongoing into a method of preparing a modified conjugated diene-based polymer, as disclosed in JP W02005-097845 A1, but the effects thereof are insufficient.
DISCLOSURE
Technical Problem
An object of the present invention is to provide a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having superior compatibility with an inorganic filler and high process ability.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing the modified conjugated diene-based polymer.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition, which includes the modified conjugated diene-based polymer and is superior in terms of heat build-up, tensile strength, wear resistance, fuel economy, and wet skid resistance.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a tire including the rubber composition.
Technical Solution
In order to accomplish the above objects, an aspect of the present invention provides a modified conjugated diene-based polymer represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:




in Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, and R5 are each independently a C1-C10 alkylene group, R3, R4, R6 and R7 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, R8 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group, P is a conjugated diene-based polymer chain, B is Chemical Formula 13 below, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, b and d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, a+b and c+d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, and A is




wherein R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group.





(in Chemical Formula 13, n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R2 is a bond or a C1-C5 alkylene group, and D is a group containing oxygen or NR3R4, wherein R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, and R3 and R4 may be linked to form a heterocycle containing N.)
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of preparing the modified conjugated diene-based polymer, comprising: (a) polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer or a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer with an organometallic compound in the presence of a solvent, thus forming an active polymer having a metal end; (b) end-capping the active polymer having an alkali metal end with a compound represented by Chemical Formula 13 below; and (c) modifying the active polymer with a compound represented by Chemical Formula 8 below:




in Chemical Formula 8, R1, R2, and R5 are each independently a C1-C10 alkylene group, R3, R4, R6 and R7 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, R8 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, and A is




wherein R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group.





(in Chemical Formula 13, n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R2 is a bond or a C1-C5 alkylene group, and D is a group containing oxygen or NR3R4, wherein R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, and R3 and R4 may be linked to form a heterocycle containing N.)
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition, comprising 100 parts by weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer and 0.1 to 200 parts by weight of an inorganic filler.
Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a tire using the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition.
Advantageous Effects
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having superior compatibility with an inorganic filler and high processability can be provided. Also, a rubber composition including the modified conjugated diene-based polymer can be utilized to manufacture a tire having excellent heat build-up, tensile strength, wear resistance, fuel economy and wet skid resistance, and low rolling resistance.
In addition, a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having improved silica dispersibility can be provided.



DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
The FIGURE illustrates the size of a test sample for use in tensile testing of a rubber composition according to the present invention.



BEST MODE
Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given of the present invention. Prior thereto, the terms or words used in the description and the claims of the present invention are not construed limitedly as typical or dictionary meanings and should be interpreted as the meanings and concepts of the invention in keeping with the scope of the invention based on the principle that the inventors can appropriately define the terms in order to describe the invention in the best way.
Therefore, the constructions described in the embodiments of the present specification are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention, and thus, it is to be understood that a variety of equivalents and variations able to substituted therefor may be provided at the point of time of the present invention being filed.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a modified conjugated diene-based polymer is represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:




in Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, and R5 are each independently a C1-C10 alkylene group, R3, R4, R6 and R7 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, R8 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group, P is a conjugated diene-based polymer chain, B is Chemical Formula 13 below, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, b and d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, a+b and c+d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, and A is




wherein R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group.





(in Chemical Formula 13, n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R2 is a bond or a C1-C5 alkylene group, and D is a group containing oxygen or NR3, wherein R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group.)
The modified conjugated diene-based polymer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1,000 to 2,000,000 g/mol, preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, and more preferably 100,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol. When the number average molecular weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer falls in the above range, a modification reaction may efficiently occur, and desired properties may be obtained.
The modified conjugated diene-based polymer has a polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of 0.5 to 10, preferably 0.5 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 4. When the polydispersity index of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer falls in the above range, mixing with inorganic particles may be efficiently carried out, thus improving properties and remarkably increasing processability.
The modified conjugated diene-based polymer has a vinyl content of 10 wt % or more, preferably 15 wt % or more, and more preferably 20 to 70 wt %.
As such, the vinyl content refers to the amount of a monomer having a vinyl group, or the amount of not 1,4-but 1,2-added conjugated diene monomer based on 100 wt % of the conjugated diene monomer.
When the vinyl content of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer falls in the above range, the glass transition temperature of the polymer may be elevated. Thus, when such a polymer is applied to tires, the properties required of tires, such as running resistance and braking force, may be satisfied, and fuel economy may be improved.
The conjugated diene-based polymer chain represented by P in Chemical Formula 1 may be derived from a homopolymer of a conjugated diene monomer or a copolymer of a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer.
Specifically, the conjugated diene-based polymer chain may be formed as follows: a conjugated diene monomer or a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer may be polymerized in a batch manner or a continuous manner using a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an organo-alkali metal compound, thus obtaining a homopolymer or a copolymer having an alkali metal end, which is then reacted with a silyl group substituted with at least one alkoxy group.
As such, the conjugated diene-based polymer chain may be a polymer chain comprising 0.0001 to 50 parts by weight, 10 to 40 parts by weight, or 20 to 40 parts by weight of the aromatic vinyl monomer, based on 100 parts by weight in total of the conjugated diene monomer, or the conjugated diene monomer and the vinyl aromatic monomer.
The polymer chain comprising the conjugated diene monomer and the vinyl aromatic monomer may be, for example, a random polymer chain.
The conjugated diene monomer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, piperylene, 3-butyl-1,3-octadiene, isoprene, and 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene.
The vinyl aromatic monomer may include at least selected from the group consisting of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 4-propylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 4-cyclohexylstyrene, 4-(p-methylphenyl)styrene, and 1-vinyl-5-hexylnaphthalene. Particularly useful is styrene or α-methylstyrene.
The compound of Chemical Formula 13 represented by B in Chemical Formula 1 may include any one or more selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-vinylidene bis(n,n-dimethylaniline), 3-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene)), 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene)), and (3-(2-pyrrolidino-1-methylethylethyl)-α-methylstyrene.
The modified conjugated diene-based polymer has a Mooney viscosity of 40 or more, preferably from 40 to 100, and more preferably from 45 to 90. Given the above Mooney viscosity range, a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having excellent processability, compatibility, heat build-up, tensile strength, wear resistance, fuel economy, and wet skid resistance may be prepared.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer may be represented by Chemical Formula 2 or Chemical Formula 3 below:




in Chemical Formulas 2 and 3, R15, R16, R18, R19, R22, R23, R25, and R26 are each independently a C1-C5 alkyl group, R13, R14, R17, R20, R21, and R24 are each independently a C1-C5 alkylene group, P is a conjugated diene-based polymer chain, B is Chemical Formula 13 below, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, b and d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, and a+b and c+d are each independently 1, 2, or 3.




(in Chemical Formula 13, n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R2 is a bond or a C1-C5 alkylene group, and D is a group containing oxygen or NR3, wherein R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group.)
Also, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer may be represented by Chemical Formula 4 or Chemical Formula 5 below:




in Chemical Formulas 4 and 5, P is a conjugated diene-based polymer chain, B is Chemical Formula 13 below, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, b and d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, and a+b and c+d are each independently 1, 2, or 3.




(in Chemical Formula 13, n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R2 is a bond or a C1-C5 alkylene group, and D is a group containing oxygen or NR3, wherein R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group.)
Specifically, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer may be represented by Chemical Formula 6 or Chemical Formula 7 below.
The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of Chemical Formula 1 may be represented by Chemical Formula 6 or Chemical Formula 7 below:




in Chemical Formulas 6 and 7, P is a conjugated diene-based polymer chain, and B is Chemical Formula 13 below.




(in Chemical Formula 13, n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R2 is a bond or a C1-C5 alkylene group, and D is a group containing oxygen or NR3, wherein R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group.)
Another aspect of the present invention addresses a method of preparing the modified conjugated diene-based polymer, comprising: (a) polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer or a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer with an organometallic compound in the presence of a solvent, thus forming an active polymer having a metal end; (b) end-capping the active polymer having an alkali metal end with a compound represented by Chemical Formula 13 below; and (c) modifying the active polymer with a compound represented by Chemical Formula 8 below:




in Chemical Formula 8, R1, R2, and R5 are each independently a C1-C10 alkylene group, R3, R4, R6 and R7 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, R8 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, and A is




wherein R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group.





(in Chemical Formula 13, n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R2 is a bond or a C1-C5 alkylene group, and D is a group containing oxygen or NR3, wherein R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group.)
The conjugated diene monomer and the vinyl aromatic monomer are described as above.
The solvent is not particularly limited, so long as it may be applied in the polymerization or copolymerization of the conjugated diene monomer, and may be exemplified by a hydrocarbon, or may include at least one selected from the group consisting of n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, isooctane, cyclohexane, toluene, benzene, and xylene.
The organometallic compound may be an organo-alkali metal compound, or may include at least one selected from the group consisting of an organolithium compound, an organosodium compound, an organopotassium compound, an organorubidium compound, and an organocesium compound.
For example, the organometallic compound may include at least one selected from the group consisting of methyllithium, ethyllithium, isopropyllithium, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, n-decyllithium, tert-octyllithium, phenyllithium, 1-naphthyllithium, n-eicosyllithium, 4-butylphenyllithium, 4-tolyllithium, cyclohexyllithium, 3,5-di-n-heptylcyclohexyllithium, and 4-cyclopentyllithium. Preferably as the organometallic compound is n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium or a mixture thereof.
Alternatively, the organometallic compound may include at least one selected from the group consisting of naphthyl sodium, naphthyl potassium, lithium alkoxide, sodium alkoxide, potassium alkoxide, lithium sulfonate, sodium sulfonate, potassium sulfonate, lithium amide, sodium amide, and potassium amide, and may be used in combination with another organometallic compound.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the organometallic compound may be used in an amount of 0.01 to 10 mmol, 0.05 to 5 mmol, 0.1 to 2 mmol, or 0.1 to 1 mmol, based on 100 g in total of the monomer. When the amount of the organometallic compound falls in the above range, a conjugated diene-based polymer optimal for use in preparation of a modified conjugated diene-based polymer may be obtained.
The molar ratio of the organometallic compound and the compound represented by Chemical Formula 8 may be, for example, 1:0.1 to 1:10, and is preferably 1:0.3 to 1:2. When the molar ratio thereof falls in the above range, the conjugated diene-based polymer may be subjected to a modification reaction to ensure optimal performance.
As used herein, the active polymer having a metal end refers to a polymer comprising a polymer anion and a metal cation, which are coupled with each other.
In the method of preparing the modified conjugated diene-based polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention, the polymerizing in (a) may be performed with the additional use of a polar additive. The reason why the polar additive is further added is that the reaction rates of the conjugated diene monomer and the vinyl aromatic monomer are controlled by the polar additive.
The polar additive may be a base, or may include ether, amine or mixtures thereof. Specifically, it may be selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, ditetrahydrofurylpropane, diethylether, cycloamylether, dipropylether, ethylenedimethylether, ethylenedimethylether, diethyleneglycol, dimethylether, tert-butoxyethoxyethane bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, (dimethylaminoethyl)ethylether, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and tetramethylethylenediamine, and is preferably ditetrahydropropylpropane, triethylamine, or tetramethylethylenediamine.
The polar additive may be used in an amount of 0.001 to 50 g, 0.001 to 10 g, 0.005 to 1 g, or 0.005 to 0.1 g, based on 100 g in total of the added monomer.
The polar additive may be used in an amount of 0.001 to 10 g, 0.005 to 1 g, or 0.005 to 0.1 g, based on 1 mmol in total of the added organometallic compound.
When the conjugated diene monomer and the vinyl aromatic monomer are copolymerized, it is easy to prepare a block copolymer due to the difference in the reaction rates therebetween. However, when the polar additive is added, the low reaction rate of the vinyl aromatic monomer may be increased to thus induce the microstructure of the corresponding copolymer, for example, a random copolymer.
In (a), the polymerizing may be exemplified by anionic polymerization. Specifically, the polymerizing in (a) may be living anionic polymerization for forming an active end through a growth reaction by anions.
Also, the polymerizing in (a) may be high-temperature polymerization or room-temperature polymerization.
High-temperature polymerization is a polymerization process including adding an organometallic compound and then applying heat to increase the reaction temperature, and room-temperature polymerization is a polymerization process that takes place in such a way that heat is not applied after the addition of an organometallic compound.
The polymerizing in (a) may take place at a temperature ranging from −20 to 200° C., 0 to 150° C., or 10 to 120° C.
The end-capping in (b) may be carried out by adding the compound of Chemical Formula 13.
Also, (b) may be conducted at 0 to 90° C. for 1 min to 5 hr.
In (c), at least one, or two or three, selected from among compounds represented by Chemical Formula 8, may be added.
Also, (c) may be performed at 0 to 90° C. for 1 min to 5 hr.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method of preparing the modified conjugated diene-based polymer may be carried out in a batch manner, or alternatively in a continuous manner using at least one reactor.
The compound of Chemical Formula 8 may be represented by, for example, Chemical Formula 9 or Chemical Formula 10 below:




in Chemical Formulas 9 and 10, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2.
Also, the compound of Chemical Formula 8 may be represented by Chemical Formula 11 or Chemical Formula 12 below.




Still another aspect of the present invention addresses a modified conjugated diene-based polymer prepared by the method described above.
The modified conjugated diene-based polymer may be represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:




in Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, and R5 are each independently a C1-C10 alkylene group, R3, R4, R6 and R7 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, R8 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group, P is a conjugated diene-based polymer chain, B is Chemical Formula 13 below, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, b and d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, a+b and c+d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, and A is




wherein R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group.





(in Chemical Formula 13, n is 1 or 2, R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R2 is a bond or a C1-C5 alkylene group, and D is a group containing oxygen or NR3, wherein R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group.)
The modified conjugated diene-based polymer may exhibit viscoelastic properties. When measured at 10 Hz using DMA after mixing with silica, Tan δ at 0° C. may be in the range of 0.4 to 1, or 0.5 to 1. Given the above Tan δ range, skid resistance or wet resistance may be significantly improved.
Also, Tan δ at 60° C. may be in the range of 0.3 to 0.2, or 0.15 to 0.1. Given the above Tan δ range, rolling resistance or rotational resistance (RR) may be significantly improved.
Yet another aspect of the present invention addresses a modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition, comprising 100 parts by weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer and 0.1 to 200 parts by weight of an inorganic filler.
The amount of the inorganic filler may be 10 to 150 parts by weight, or 50 to 100 parts by weight.
The inorganic filler may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica-based filler, carbon black, and mixtures thereof. When the inorganic filler is a silica-based filler, dispersibility is greatly improved and the end of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer of the invention may be coupled with silica particles, thus significantly decreasing hysteresis loss.
The modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition may further comprise an additional conjugated diene-based polymer.
The additional conjugated diene-based polymer may include SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), BR (butadiene rubber), natural rubber, or mixtures thereof. SBR may be exemplified by SSBR (solution styrene-butadiene rubber).
When the additional conjugated diene-based polymer is further added, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition may comprise 20 to 100 parts by weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer and 0 to 80 parts by weight of the additional conjugated diene-based polymer.
Alternatively, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition according to the present invention may comprise 20 to 99 parts by weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer and 1 to 80 parts by weight of the additional conjugated diene-based polymer.
Alternatively, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition according to the present invention may comprise 10 to 100 parts by weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer, 0 to 90 parts by weight of the additional conjugated diene-based polymer, 0 to 100 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 to 200 parts by weight of silica, and 2 to 20 parts by weight of a silane coupling agent.
Alternatively, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition according to the present invention may comprise 10 to 100 parts by weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer, 0 to 90 parts by weight of the additional conjugated diene-based polymer, 0 to 100 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 to 200 parts by weight of silica, and 2 to 20 parts by weight of a silane coupling agent, in which the total weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer and the additional conjugated diene-based polymer may be 100 parts by weight.
Alternatively, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition according to the present invention may comprise 100 parts by weight of a polymer mixture comprising 10 to 99 wt % of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer and 1 to 90 wt % of the additional conjugated diene-based polymer, 1 to 100 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 to 200 parts by weight of silica, and 2 to 20 parts by weight of a silane coupling agent.
In addition, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition may further comprise 1 to 100 parts by weight of oil. The oil may be exemplified by mineral oil or a softener.
The oil may be used in an amount of, for example, 10 to 100 parts by weight, or 20 to 80 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the conjugated diene-based copolymer. Given the above oil amount range, desired properties may be exhibited, and the rubber composition is appropriately softened, thus improving processability.
Mode for Invention
Still yet another aspect of the present invention addresses a tire or tire tread using the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition as above.
The tire or tire tread is manufactured using the rubber composition comprising the modified conjugated diene-based polymer, which has superior compatibility with the inorganic filler and improved processability, and thereby can manifest excellent tensile strength, wear resistance, and wet skid resistance, and low rolling resistance.
A better understanding of the present invention may be obtained via the following examples. However, embodiments of the present invention may be changed in various forms, and are not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are provided to fully describe the present invention to those having ordinary knowledge in the art to which the present invention pertains.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
270 g of styrene, 710 g of 1,3-butadiene, 5000 g of n-hexane, and 0.86 g of 2,2-bis(2-oxoranyl)propane as a polar additive were placed in a 20 L autoclave reactor, and then the temperature inside the reactor was elevated to 40° C. When the temperature inside the reactor reached 40° C., 4 mmol of n-butyllithium was placed in the reactor, followed by an adiabatic heating reaction. After about 25 min, 3 or 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene was added, and an end-capping reaction was carried out for 20 min, after which 1,3-butadiene was added in a small amount.
Thereafter, 4.3 mmol of N,N-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)aminopropyl-1-imidazole was added, and the reaction was carried out for 15 min. Then, the polymerization reaction was stopped using ethanol, and 45 mL of a solution of 0.3 wt % BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) antioxidant in hexane was added.
The resulting polymer was placed in water warmed with steam and stirred to remove the solvent, followed by roll drying to remove the remaining solvent and water, yielding a modified conjugated diene-based polymer. The results of analysis of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer thus obtained are shown in Table 1 below.
Example 2
270 g of styrene, 710 g of 1,3-butadiene, 5000 g of n-hexane, and 0.86 g of 2,2-bis(2-oxoranyl)propane as a polar additive were placed in a 20 L autoclave reactor, and then the temperature inside the reactor was elevated to 40° C. When the temperature inside the reactor reached 40° C., 2.5 mmol of n-butyllithium was placed in the reactor, followed by an adiabatic heating reaction. After about 25 min, 3 or 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene was added, and an end-capping reaction was carried out for 20 min, after which 1,3-butadiene was added in a small amount.
Thereafter, 4.3 mmol of N,N-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)aminopropyl-1-imidazole was added, and the reaction was carried out for 15 min. Then, the polymerization reaction was stopped using ethanol, and 45 mL of a solution of 0.3 wt % BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) antioxidant in hexane was added.
The resulting polymer was placed in water warmed with steam and stirred to remove the solvent, followed by roll drying to remove the remaining solvent and water, yielding a modified conjugated diene-based polymer. The results of analysis of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer thus obtained are shown in Table 1 below.
Example 3
270 g of styrene, 710 g of 1,3-butadiene, 5000 g of n-hexane, and 0.86 g of 2,2-bis(2-oxoranyl)propane as a polar additive were placed in a 20 L autoclave reactor, and then the temperature inside the reactor was elevated to 40° C. When the temperature inside the reactor reached 40° C., 4 mmol of n-butyllithium was placed in the reactor, followed by an adiabatic heating reaction. After about 25 min, 3-(2-pyrrolidino-1-methylethyl)-α-methylstyrene was added, and an end-capping reaction was carried out for 20 min, after which 1,3-butadiene was added in a small amount.
Thereafter, 4.3 mmol of N,N-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)aminopropyl-1-imidazole was added, and the reaction was carried out for 15 min. Then, the polymerization reaction was stopped using ethanol, and 45 mL of a solution of 0.3 wt % BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) antioxidant in hexane was added.
The resulting polymer was placed in water warmed with steam and stirred to remove the solvent, followed by roll drying to remove the remaining solvent and water, yielding a modified conjugated diene-based polymer. The results of analysis of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer thus obtained are shown in Table 1 below.
Comparative Example 1
The results of analysis of a commercially available non-modified conjugated diene-based polymer (5025-2HM grade, made by LANXESS Deutschland GmbH) are shown in Table 2 below.
Comparative Example 2
270 g of styrene, 710 g of 1,3-butadiene, 5000 g of n-hexane, and 0.86 g of 2,2-bis(2-oxoranyl)propane as a polar additive were placed in a 20 L autoclave reactor, and then the temperature inside the reactor was elevated to 40° C. When the temperature inside the reactor reached 40° C., 4 mmol of n-butyllithium was placed in the reactor, followed by an adiabatic heating reaction. After about 20 min, 1,3-butadiene was added in a small amount.
Thereafter, 4.3 mmol of N,N-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)aminopropyl-1-imidazole was added, and the reaction was carried out for 15 min. Then, the polymerization reaction was stopped using ethanol, and 45 mL of a solution of 0.3 wt % BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) antioxidant in hexane was added.
The resulting polymer was placed in water warmed with steam and stirred to remove the solvent, followed by roll drying to remove the remaining solvent and water, yielding a modified conjugated diene-based polymer. The results of analysis of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer thus obtained are shown in Table 2 below.
Comparative Example 3
270 g of styrene, 710 g of 1,3-butadiene, 5000 g of n-hexane, and 0.86 g of 2,2-bis(2-oxoranyl)propane as a polar additive were placed in a 20 L autoclave reactor, and then the temperature inside the reactor was elevated to 40° C. When the temperature inside the reactor reached 40° C., 4 mmol of n-butyllithium was placed in the reactor, followed by an adiabatic heating reaction. After about 25 min, 3 or 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene was added, and an end-capping reaction was carried out for 20 min, after which 1,3-butadiene was added in a small amount. Thereafter, the polymerization reaction was stopped using ethanol, and 45 mL of a solution of 0.3 wt % BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) antioxidant in hexane was added.
The resulting polymer was placed in water warmed with steam and stirred to remove the solvent, followed by roll drying to remove the remaining solvent and water, yielding a modified conjugated diene-based polymer. The results of analysis of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer thus obtained are shown in Table 2 below.
The conjugated diene-based polymers prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were analyzed through the following methods.
a) Mooney viscosity: Two samples having a weight of 15 g or more were preheated for 1 min and then measured at 100° C. for 4 min using an MV-2000, made by ALPHA Technologies.
b) Styrene monomer (SM) and Vinyl content: Measurement was conducted using NMR.
c) Weight average molecular weight (Mw), Number average molecular weight (Mn), and Polydispersity Index (PDI): Measurement was conducted via GPC at 40° C. For this, a column was composed of a combination of two PLgel Olexis columns and one PLgel mixed-C column, made by Polymer Laboratories, and all newly replaced columns were mixed bed type columns. Also, polystyrene (PS) was a GPC standard material for the calculation of molecular weight.











TABLE 1







Ex. 1
Ex. 2
Ex. 3





















Sample
A
B
C



Initiator (mmol)
4
2.5
4



Modification monomer
{circle around (1)}
{circle around (1)}
{circle around (2)}



Modifier
a
a
a



Mooney viscosity (MV)
65
95
64



Styrene (%)
27.0
27.4
27.0



Vinyl (%)
40.9
39.8
44.0



Oil
—
—
—













GPC (×104)
Mn
34.0
43.4
36.0




Mw
45.3
56.0
52.0




PDI
1.3
1.3
1.4







A: styrene 270 g, 1,3-butadiene 710 g, and n-hexane 5,000 g



B: styrene 270 g, 1,3-butadiene 710 g, and n-hexane 5,000 g



C: styrene 270 g, 1,3-butadiene 710 g, and n-hexane 5,000 g



a: bis(3-dimethoxymethylsilylpropyl)N-methylamine



{circle around (1)}: 3-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene and 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene



{circle around (2)}: 3-(2-pyrrolidino-1-methylethyl)-α-methylstyrene

















TABLE 2







C. Ex. 1
C. Ex. 2
C. Ex. 3



















Sample
D
E
F


Initiator (mmol)
—
4
4


Modification monomer
—
—
{circle around (1)}


Modifier
—
a
—


Mooney viscosity (MV)
61
88
63


Styrene (%)
26.0
27.0
27.0


Vinyl (%)
50.0
41.0
40.0


Oil
TDAE (37.5 phr)
—
—











GPC (×104)
Mn
39.0
38.0
36.0



Mw
69.0
55.0
47.0



PDI
1.8
1.4
1.3





D: 5025-2HM grade, made by LANXESS Deutschland GmbH


E: styrene 270 g, 1,3-butadiene 710 g, and n-hexane 5,000 g


F: styrene 270 g, 1,3-butadiene 710 g, and n-hexane 5,000 g






The conjugated diene-based polymer rubber compositions were prepared using, as raw rubber, samples A, B, C, D, E and F shown in Tables 1 and 2, under the mixing conditions of Table 3 below. The unit of material in Table 3 is phr, based on 100 parts by weight of rubber.
Specifically, the conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition was kneaded through primary kneading and secondary kneading. Upon primary kneading, raw rubber (conjugated diene-based polymer), a filler, an organosilane coupling agent, oil, zinc oxide, a stearic acid antioxidant, an anti-aging agent, wax and an accelerator were kneaded using a Banbury mixer provided with a temperature controller. For this, the temperature of the kneader was controlled, and a first mixture was obtained at a discharge temperature of 145 to 155° C. Upon secondary kneading, the first mixture was cooled to room temperature, after which rubber, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator were placed in the kneader, followed by mixing at 100° C. or less, thus obtaining a second mixture. Finally, curing was performed at 100° C. for 20 min, yielding the conjugated diene-based polymer rubber compositions of Preparation Examples 1 to 3 using, as raw rubber, the polymers of Examples 1 to 3, and of Comparative Preparation Examples 1 to 3 using the polymers of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 as raw rubber.










TABLE 3







Material
Amount (unit: phr)


















Primary kneading
Rubber
137.5



Silica
70.0



Coupling agent
11.2



Oil
—



Zinc oxide
3.0



Stearic acid
2.0



Antioxidant
2.0



Anti-aging agent
2.0



Wax
1.0


Secondary kneading
Rubber accelerator
1.75



Sulfur
1.5



Vulcanization accelerator
2.0



Total weight
234.0









The properties of the prepared rubber compositions were measured through the following methods.
1) Tensile Testing
According to a tensile testing method of ASTM 412, the tensile strength upon cutting a test sample and tensile stress (300% modulus) at 300% elongation were measured. For this, a Universal Test Machine 4204 made by Instron was used, and the tensile strength, modulus, and elongation were measured at a tensile speed of 50 cm/min at room temperature. As such, the size of the test sample is depicted in the FIGURE.
2) Viscoelasticity
A dynamic mechanical analyzer made by TA was used. When undergoing deformation under conditions of a frequency of 10 Hz in a distortion mode and a measurement temperature (ranging from −60 to 60° C.), the Tan δ of each sample was measured. The Payne effect was represented by the difference between the minimum and the maximum in the deformation range of 0.28 to 40%. The lower the Payne effect, the higher the dispersibility of the filler such as silica. When Tan δ at 0° C. that is a low temperature was increased, wet skid resistance became superior, and when Tan δ at 60° C. that is a high temperature was decreased, hysteresis loss was reduced, and low rolling resistance of tires, namely, improved fuel economy, resulted. Table 4 below shows the properties of the vulcanized rubber.













TABLE 4






Test Ex. 1
Test Ex. 2
Test Ex. 3
C. Test Ex. 1
C. Test Ex. 2
C. Test Ex. 3


Sample
Prep. Ex. 1
Prep. Ex. 2
Prep. Ex. 3
C. Prep. Ex. 1
C. Prep. Ex. 2
C. Prep. Ex. 3





















ΔG′ at 60° C.
100
100
122
78
100
88


Tanδ at 0° C.
100
110
95
70
100
105


Tanδ at 60° C.
0.26
0.28
0.26
0.56
0.29
0.28









As is apparent from the results of Table 4, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber compositions of Preparation Examples 1 to 3 according to the present invention had higher Tan δ at 0° C. than that of Comparative Preparation Example 1 (non-modified), thereby exhibiting increased wet traction (wet skid resistance), and also showed low Tan δ at 60° C., thus improving RR (rolling resistance), whereby desired fuel efficiency resulted.
Also, the modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber compositions of Preparation Examples 1 to 3 according to the present invention exhibited quite low ΔG′ at 60° C. (Payne effect), compared to Comparative Preparation Example 1, thus improving silica dispersibility.
According to the present invention, when using the modification monomer and the modifier, wet skid resistance and rolling resistance can be improved.

## Claims

1. A modified conjugated diene-based polymer represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:



wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, and R5 are each independently a C1-C10 alkylene group, R3, R4, R6 and R7 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, R8 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group, P is a conjugated diene-based polymer chain, B is a compound unit derived from one or more of the compounds selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-vinylidenebis(n,n-dimethylaniline), 3-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene, 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene, and (3-(2-pyrrolidino-1-methylethyl)-α-methylstyrene, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, b and d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, a+b and c+d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, and A is




 wherein R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group.

2. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein Chemical Formula 1 is represented by Chemical Formula 2 or Chemical Formula 3 below:



in Chemical Formulas 2 and 3, R15, R16, R18, R19, R22, R23, R25, and R26 are each independently a C1-C5 alkyl group, R13, R14, R17, R20, R21, and R24 are each independently a C1-C5 alkylene group, P is the conjugated diene-based polymer chain, B is a compound unit derived from one or more of the compounds selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-vinylidenebis(n,n-dimethylaniline), 3-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl) styrene, 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl) styrene, and (3-(2-pyrrolidino-1-methylethyl)-α-methylstyrene, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, b and d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, and a+b and c+d are each independently 1, 2, or 3.

3. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein Chemical Formula 1 is represented by Chemical Formula 4 or Chemical Formula 5 below:



wherein P is the conjugated diene-based polymer chain, B is a compound unit derived from one or more of the compounds selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-vinylidenebis(n,n-dimethylaniline), 3-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene, 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene, and (3-(2-pyrrolidino- 1-methylethyl)-α-methylstyrene, a and c are each independently 0, 1, or 2, b and d are each independently 1, 2, or 3, and a+b and c+d are each independently 1, 2, or 3.

4. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein Chemical Formula 1 is represented by Chemical Formula 6 or Chemical Formula 7 below:



wherein P is the conjugated diene-based polymer chain, and B is a compound unit derived from one or more of the compounds selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-vinylidenebis(n,n-dimethylaniline), 3-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene, 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene, and (3-(2-pyrrolidino-1-methylethyl)-α-methylstyrene.

5. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the modified conjugated diene-based polymer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1,000 to 2,000,000 g/mol.

6. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the modified conjugated diene-based polymer has a polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of 0.5 to 10.

7. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the modified conjugated diene-based polymer has a vinyl content of 10 wt % or more.

8. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the conjugated diene-based polymer chain is derived from a homopolymer of a conjugated diene monomer or a copolymer of a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer.

9. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the conjugated diene-based polymer chain includes 0.0001 to 50 parts by weight of the vinyl aromatic monomer based on 100 parts by weight of the conjugated diene monomer and the aromatic vinyl monomer.

10. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the modified conjugated diene-based polymer has a Mooney viscosity of 40 or more.

11. A method of preparing a modified conjugated diene-based polymer, comprising:
(a) polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer, or a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer with an organometallic compound using a solvent, thus forming an active polymer having a metal end;
(b) end-capping the active polymer having an alkali metal end with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-vinylidenebis(n,n-dimethylaniline), 3-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene, 4-(2-pyrrolidino ethyl)styrene, and (3-(2-pyrrolidino- 1-methylethyl)- α-methylstyrenea; and
(c) modifying the active polymer with a compound represented by Chemical Formula 8, Chemical Formula 11, or Chemical Formula 12 below:




in Chemical Formula 8, R1, R2, and R5 are each independently a C1-C10 alkylene group, R3, R4, R6 and R7 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, R8 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group, a and c are each independently 1 or 2, and A is




 wherein R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group,

12. The method of claim 11, wherein Chemical Formula 8 is represented by Chemical Formula 9 or Chemical Formula 10 below:



in Chemical Formulas 9 and 10, a and c are each independently 1 or 2.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the organometallic compound is used in an amount of 0.01 to 10 mmol based on 100 g in total of the monomer.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein a molar ratio of the organometallic compound and the compound represented by Chemical Formula 8 is 1:0.1 to 1:10.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the polymerizing in (a) is performed with additional use of a polar additive.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the polar additive is added in an amount of 0.001 to 10 g based on 1 mmol of the organometallic compound.

17. A modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition, comprising 100 parts by weight of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer of claim 1, and 0.1 to 200 parts by weight of an inorganic filler.

18. The modified conjugated diene-based polymer rubber composition of claim 17, wherein the inorganic filler comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica-based filler, carbon black, and mixtures thereof.