59–006 

114TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2d Session 114–542 

RECOVERING MISSING CHILDREN ACT 

MAY 10, 2016.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of 

the Union and ordered to be printed 

Mr. BRADY of Texas, from the Committee on Ways and Means, 

submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany H.R. 3209] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on Ways and Means, to whom was referred the 

bill (H.R. 3209) to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to 

permit the disclosure of certain tax return information for the purpose of missing or exploited children investigations, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with an amendment and 

recommend that the bill as amended do pass. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

I. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND ............................................................... 3 

A. Purpose and Summary ..................................................................... 3 

B. Background and Need for Legislation ............................................. 3 

C. Legislative History ............................................................................ 3 

II. EXPLANATION OF THE BILL ................................................................... 4 

A. Disclosure of Certain Return Information Relating to Missing 

or Exploited Children Investigations ............................................ 4 

III. VOTES OF THE COMMITTEE .................................................................... 8 

IV. MOTION TO REPORT THE BILL ............................................................... 9 

V. BUDGET EFFECTS OF THE BILL ............................................................ 9 

A. Committee Estimate of Budgetary Effects ...................................... 9 

B. Statement Regarding New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures Budget Authority .................................................................. 9 

C. Cost Estimate Prepared by the Congressional Budget Office ....... 9 

VI. OTHER MATTERS TO BE DISCUSSED UNDER THE RULES OF 

THE HOUSE .............................................................................................. 10 

A. Committee Oversight Findings and Recommendations ................. 10 

B. Statement of General Performance Goals and Objectives ............. 10 

C. Information Relating to Unfunded Mandates ................................ 10 

D. Applicability of House Rule XXI 5(b) .............................................. 10 

E. Tax Complexity Analysis .................................................................. 11 


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F. Congressional Earmarks, Limited Tax Benefits, and Limited 

Tariff Benefits ................................................................................. 11 

G. Duplication of Federal Programs ..................................................... 11 

H. Disclosure of Directed Rule Makings .............................................. 11 

VII. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED 12 

A. Text of Existing Law Amended or Repealed by the Bill, as 

Reported .......................................................................................... 12 

B. Changes in Existing Law Proposed by the Bill, as Reported ........ 61 

The amendment is as follows: 

Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Recovering Missing Children Act’’. 

SEC. 2. DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURN INFORMATION RELATING TO MISSING OR EXPLOITED CHILDREN INVESTIGATIONS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 6103(i)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is 

amended— 

(1) by inserting ‘‘or pertaining to the case of a missing or exploited child,’’ 

after ‘‘may be a party,’’ in subparagraph (A)(i), 

(2) by inserting ‘‘or to such a case of a missing or exploited child,’’ after ‘‘may 

be a party,’’ in subparagraph (A)(iii), and 

(3) by inserting ‘‘(or any criminal investigation or proceeding, in the case of 

a matter relating to a missing or exploited child)’’ after ‘‘concerning such act’’ 

in subparagraph (B)(iii). 

(b) DISCLOSURE TO STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 6103(i)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is 

amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: 

‘‘(C) DISCLOSURE TO STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN

THE CASE OF MATTERS PERTAINING TO A MISSING OR EXPLOITED CHILD.— 

‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an investigation pertaining to a missing or exploited child, the head of any Federal agency, or his designee, 

may disclose any return or return information obtained under subparagraph (A) to officers and employees of any State or local law enforcement agency, but only if— 

‘‘(I) such State or local law enforcement agency is part of a team 

with the Federal agency in such investigation, and 

‘‘(II) such information is disclosed only to such officers and employees who are personally and directly engaged in such investigation. 

‘‘(ii) LIMITATION ON USE OF INFORMATION.—Information disclosed 

under this subparagraph shall be solely for the use of such officers and 

employees in locating the missing child, in a grand jury proceeding, or 

in any preparation for, or investigation which may result in, a judicial 

or administrative proceeding. 

‘‘(iii) MISSING CHILD.—For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 

‘missing child’ shall have the meaning given such term by section 403 

of the Missing Children’s Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5772). 

‘‘(iv) EXPLOITED CHILD.—For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 

‘exploited child’ means a minor with respect to whom there is reason 

to believe that a specified offense against a minor (as defined by section 

111(7) of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (42 U.S.C. 

16911(7))) has or is occurring.’’. 

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 

(A) Section 6103(a)(2) of such Code is amended by striking ‘‘subsection 

(i)(7)(A)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (i)(1)(C) or (7)(A)’’. 

(B) Section 6103(p)(4) of such Code is amended by striking ‘‘(i)(3)(B)(i)’’ 

in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and inserting ‘‘(i)(1)(C), (3)(B)(i),’’. 

(C) Section 7213(a)(2) of such Code is amended by striking ‘‘(i)(3)(B)(i)’’ 

and inserting ‘‘(i)(1)(C), (3)(B)(i),’’. 

(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to disclosures made after the date of the enactment of this Act. 


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I. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 

A. PURPOSE AND SUMMARY

H.R. 3209, as reported by the Committee on Ways and Means, 

creates a new exception to Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue 

Code, allowing the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to share taxpayer information with state and local law enforcement agencies in 

certain cases pertaining to missing or exploited children where the 

state or local law enforcement agency is working in conjunction 

with a Federal agency in investigating the case. 

B. BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION

Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code prohibits the IRS 

from releasing taxpayer return information except under certain 

limited circumstances. One exception for law enforcement allows 

the IRS to disclose tax return information to the Federal Bureau 

of Investigation (FBI) or other Federal law enforcement personnel, 

if an ex parte order is granted by a Federal court. However, there 

is no exemption to share this information with state and local law 

enforcement for cases involving missing or exploited children. In 

2007, a study by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) looking at data from the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) found that tax return information could be helpful in many cases involving missing children. 

In cases that contained Social Security numbers for missing children and/or suspected abductors, TIGTA reviewed whether IRS 

data would show addresses for persons claiming tax benefits with 

respect to those children after the time of the abduction. TIGTA examined 520 missing children cases and found that IRS data 

showed new addresses for 46 percent of the cases. Similarly, IRS 

data showed new addresses for 34 percent of suspected abductors. 

According to 2015 data from the FBI, there are over 460,000 cases 

of missing children. By allowing the IRS to share tax information, 

H.R. 3209 will help Federal, state and local law enforcement agencies resolve more cases of missing or exploited children, while continuing strict protection of sensitive taxpayer data. 

C. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

Background 

H.R. 3209, the Recovering Missing Children Act, was introduced 

on July 23, 2015, and was referred to the Committee on Ways and 

Means. 

Committee action 

The Committee on Ways and Means marked up H.R. 3209, the 

‘‘Recovering Missing Children Act’’ on April 28, 2016. 

The Committee approved the Chairman’s amendment in the nature of a substitute. Having considered the bill, as amended, the 

Committee favorably reported H.R. 3209 (with a quorum being 

present). 


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1 Unless otherwise stated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as 

amended. 2See section 6103(c) (disclosure by taxpayer consent); 6103(d) (disclosure to State tax officials); 6103(e) (disclosure to persons having material interest); 6103(f) (disclosure to committees 

of Congress); 6103(g) (disclosure to the President and certain other persons); 6103(h) (disclosure 

to Federal officers and employees for tax administration purposes); 6103(i) (disclosure to Federal 

officers and employees for administration of Federal laws not relating to tax administration); 

6103(j) (statistical use); 6103(k) (disclosure of certain returns and return information for tax administration purposes); 6103(l) (disclosure for purposes other than tax administration); 6103(m) 

(disclosure of taxpayer identity information); 6103(n) (tax administration contractors); and 

6103(o) (disclosure of return and return information with respect to certain taxes). 3 In addition to a taxpayer’s identity, return information also is: 

• the nature, source or amount of income, payments, receipts, deductions, exemptions, credits, assets, liabilities, net worth, tax liability, tax withheld, deficiencies, overassessments, 

or tax payments; 

• whether the taxpayer’s return was, is being, or will be examined or subject to other investigation or processing; 

• any other data, received by, recorded by, prepared by, furnished to, or collected by the 

Secretary with respect to a return or with respect to the determination of the existence, or 

possible existence, of liability (or the amount thereof) of any person under this title for any 

tax, penalty, interest, fine, forfeiture, or other imposition, or offense; 

Committee hearings 

The need to prevent and address child abduction and exploitation 

was discussed at the Human Resources Subcommittee hearing on 

Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care 

(October 23, 2013). 

II. EXPLANATION OF THE BILL 

A. DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURN INFORMATION RELATING TO

MISSING OR EXPLOITED CHILDREN INVESTIGATIONS

PRESENT LAW

OVERVIEW OF SECTION 6103

General rule: returns and return information are confidential 

Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code (‘‘the Code’’) 1 provides the general rule that returns and return information are confidential. Section 6103 also states that returns and return information are not to be disclosed unless such disclosure is specifically authorized in section 6103 or other provision of the Code.2

Definition of return 

A ‘‘return’’ means any tax or information return, declaration of 

estimated tax, or claim for refund which, under the Code, is required (or permitted) to be filed on behalf of, or with respect to, any 

person. It also includes any amendment, supplemental schedule or 

attachment filed with the tax return, information return, declaration of estimated tax, or claim for refund. For example, Form W– 

2, Wage and Tax Statement, is an information return, and is the 

return of both the employer who filed it with the IRS and the employee with respect to whom it was filed. 

Definition of return information 

The Code defines ‘‘return information’’ broadly. It includes a taxpayer’s identity (the name of the person with respect to whom a return is filed, his mailing address, his taxpayer identifying number 

(TIN or SSN) or a combination thereof). In addition to taxpayer 

identity, return information includes any information gathered by 

the IRS with regard to a taxpayer’s liability under the Code.3


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• any part of any written determination or any background file document relating to such 

written determination which is not open to public inspection under section 6110; 

• any advance pricing agreement entered into by a taxpayer and the Secretary and any 

background information related to the agreement or any application for an advance pricing 

agreement; and 

• any agreement under section 7121 (relating to closing agreements), and any similar 

agreement, and any background information related to such agreement or request for such 

agreement (sec. 6103(b)(2)). 

The term ‘‘return information’’ does not include data in a form that cannot be associated with 

or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer. However, return information 

with the identifiers (name, address, SSN) simply removed is still protected by section 6103. 4 Return information other than that submitted by the taxpayer may be obtained by ex parte 

court order under this provision as well. 

Definition of ‘‘taxpayer return information’’ 

‘‘Taxpayer return information’’ is another defined term for purposes of section 6103 and is a subset of return information. ‘‘Taxpayer return information’’ means return information that is filed 

with, or furnished to, the IRS by or on behalf of the taxpayer to 

whom such return information relates. For example, information 

filed with the IRS by a taxpayer’s attorney or accountant is taxpayer return information. Information transcribed directly from a 

taxpayer’s return is taxpayer return information. The distinction 

between return information and taxpayer return information is significant for disclosures in non-tax criminal matters for which a 

court order generally is required to obtain ‘‘taxpayer return information.’’ 

Recordkeeping, safeguards, penalties for unauthorized disclosure 

Section 6103 requires that certain recordkeeping and safeguard 

requirements be met by the certain recipients of returns and return 

information (section 6103(p)(4)) as a condition of receiving such information. These requirements establish a system of records to 

keep track of disclosure requests and disclosures, ensure that the 

information is securely stored, and that access to the information 

is restricted to authorized persons. These requirements and restrictions are intended to ensure that an individual’s right to privacy 

is not unduly compromised and the information is not misused or 

improperly disclosed. The IRS also must submit reports to the 

Joint Committee on Taxation and to the public regarding requests 

for and disclosures made of returns and return information 90 days 

after the close of the calendar year (sec. 6103(p)(3)). 

Criminal sanctions apply to the unauthorized disclosure or inspection of returns and return information (secs. 7213, 7213A, and 

7431) including fines, jail time, and for Federal employees, dismissal or discharge from office upon conviction. 

Disclosure exception for non-tax criminal purposes 

Disclosure of returns and return information pursuant to ex 

parte court order 

A Federal agency enforcing a non-tax criminal law must obtain 

an ex parte court order to receive a return or taxpayer return information (i.e., that information submitted by or on behalf of a taxpayer to the IRS) (sec. 6103(i)(1)).4 Only specified Federal law enforcement officials (the Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, Assistant Attorney Generals, United States Attorneys, IndeVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:12 May 13, 2016 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR542.XXX HR542

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pendent Counsels, or an attorney in charge of an organized crime 

strike force) may authorize an application for the order. 

A judge or magistrate may grant the application for court order 

if it is determined, on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant, that: • there is reasonable cause to believe, based upon information believed to be reliable, that a specific criminal act has 

been committed; • there is reasonable cause to believe that the return or return information is or may be relevant to a matter relating to 

the commission of such act; • the return or return information is sought exclusively for 

use in a Federal criminal investigation or proceeding concerning such act; and • the information sought reasonably cannot be obtained, 

under the circumstances, from another source. 

Pursuant to the ex parte order, the information may be disclosed 

to officers and employees of the Federal agency who are personally 

and directly engaged in (1) the preparation for any judicial or administrative proceeding pertaining to the enforcement of a specifically designated Federal criminal statute (not involving tax administration) to which the United States or such agency is a party, (2) 

any investigation which may result in such a proceeding, or (3) any 

Federal grand jury proceeding pertaining to enforcement of such a 

criminal statute to which the United States or such agency is or 

may be a party. The information can be used solely by such officers 

and employees in such preparation, investigation or grand jury proceeding. 

With respect to terrorist activities, an order may be granted if 

there is (1) reasonable cause to believe, based upon information believed to be reliable, that the return or return information may be 

relevant to a matter relating to a terrorist incident, threat or activity, and (2) the return or return information is sought exclusively 

for use in a Federal investigation, analysis, or proceeding concerning any terrorist incident, threat or activity. The information 

may be shared with a State and local law enforcement agency if 

such law enforcement agency is part of a team with the Federal 

law enforcement agency and then only disclosed to such State and 

local law enforcement officers and employees who are personally 

and directly engaged in the investigation or response to terrorist 

activity and can be used only for that purpose. 

Disclosure without a court order (information obtained from 

a source other than the taxpayer) 

A court order is not required for the disclosure of return information obtained from a source other than the taxpayer. This authority 

allows the IRS to make disclosures of return information (other 

than ‘‘taxpayer return information’’) to apprise the appropriate 

Federal officials of possible violations of Federal criminal law, and 

to respond to requests from the head of any Federal agency and 

certain other Federal officials responsible for non-tax Federal 

criminal purposes. 

The IRS may also disclose return information to Federal and 

State law enforcement agencies in cases of imminent danger of 

death or physical injury. The statute does not grant authority, howVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:12 May 13, 2016 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR542.XXX HR542

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5Statement of Laurie O. Robinson, Assistant Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, 

Office of Justice Programs, The Crime of Family Abduction: A Child’s and Parent’s Perspective 

(May 2010). https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/229933.pdf. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway and Thrownaway Children (October 2002). https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ 

ojjdp/196469.pdf. This survey, conducted during a 12-month period (1999), found that an estimated 203,000 children were the victims of a family abduction in that year. Of these, the number counted as ‘‘caretaker missing’’ (i.e., the caretaker did not know where the child was, became 

alarmed for at least an hour, and looked for the child) was estimated to be 117,200 (about 57 

percent of all children who experienced a family abduction) Id. at 3 and 4. 6Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, The Internal Revenue Service Provides 

Valuable Assistance In Locating Missing Children (Report No. 2007–40–029, February 20, 2007) 

at 8. A ‘‘new address’’ is an address different from one where the child and/or alleged abductor 

lived at the time of the abduction. 

ever, to disclose return information to local law enforcement, such 

as city, county, or town police. 

REASONS FOR CHANGE

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, each year, more 

than 200,000 children are abducted by a family member.5 The 

Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration conducted a 

study of missing child cases for which either the social security 

numbers of the missing children or the alleged abductor were available. When matched with IRS data, IRS data showed social security numbers had been used on tax returns to file or claim exemptions and/or dependents for 520 of the missing children and 305 of 

the alleged abductors. The study revealed potentially new addresses for 237 of the 520 missing children (46 percent) and for 104 of 

the 305 alleged abductors (34 percent).6 Return information, such 

as this, could be critical in finding a missing or exploited child. 

Therefore, the Committee believes the sharing of this information 

with local law enforcement who are part of a task force with a Federal agency for the sole purpose of missing or exploited child investigations is warranted after a determination by a Federal judge or 

magistrate and subject to other appropriate safeguards. 

EXPLANATION OF PROVISION

The provision permits specified Federal law enforcement officials 

to seek an ex parte court order for the disclosure of return and return information in cases of missing or exploited children. A judge 

or magistrate may grant the application if, on the basis of facts 

submitted by the applicant, it is determined that (1) there is reasonable cause to believe, based upon information believed to be reliable, that a specific criminal act has been committed; (2) there is 

reasonable cause to believe that the return or return information 

is or may be relevant to a matter relating to the commission of 

such act; and (3) the return or return information is sought exclusively for use in a criminal investigation or proceeding in the case 

of a matter relating to a missing or exploited child, and the information sought reasonably cannot be obtained, under the circumstances, from another source. 

Upon the grant of the ex parte court order, the information may 

be disclosed to Federal officers and employees who are personally 

and directly engaged in: 

• the preparation for any judicial or administrative proceeding pertaining to the enforcement of a specifically designated Federal criminal statute (not involving tax administraVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:12 May 13, 2016 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR542.XXX HR542

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7The meaning given such term by section 403 of the Missing Children’s Assistance Act. (42 

U.S.C. sec. 5772). 8 42 U.S.C. sec. 116911(7). 

tion) to which the United States or such agency is a party or 

pertaining to the case of a missing or exploited child, • any investigation which may result in such a proceeding, 

or • any Federal grand jury proceeding pertaining to enforcement of such a criminal statute to which the United States or 

such agency is or may be a party or pertaining to such a case 

of a missing or exploited child. 

The provision allows, upon the grant of an ex parte court order 

application made by a specified Federal law enforcement official, 

the head of the Federal agency (or his designee) to disclose returns 

(including tax returns and information returns) and return information to officers and employees of State or local law enforcement 

agencies who are (1) part of a team with the Federal agency investigations of missing or exploited child cases, and (2) who are personally and directly engaged in such investigations. The provision 

limits the use of such information to locating a missing child, use 

in a grand jury proceeding, or use in any preparation for judicial 

or administrative proceedings. Such disclosure to state and local 

law enforcement by the Federal agency is only for the purpose of the 

missing or exploited child investigation. 

The recipient State and local law enforcement agency and its 

personnel are subject to the general rule of confidentiality, safeguard requirements, and civil and criminal penalties for the unauthorized disclosure or inspection of returns or return information. 

Under the provision, the term ‘‘missing child’’ means any individual less than 18 years of age whose whereabouts are unknown 

to such individual’s legal custodian.7 An ‘‘exploited child’’ means a 

minor with respect to whom there is reason to believe that a specified offense against a minor (as defined by section 117(7) of the Sex 

Offender Registration and Notification Act) has occurred or is occurring.8 Such specified offenses include (1) an offense involving 

(unless committed by a parent or guardian) kidnapping; (2) an offense (unless committed by a parent or guardian) involving false 

imprisonment; (3) solicitation to engage in sexual conduct; (4) use 

in a sexual performance; (5) solicitation to practice prostitution; (6) 

video voyeurism as described in section 1801 of Title 18; (7) possession, production, or distribution of child pornography; (8) criminal 

sexual conduct involving a minor or the use of the Internet to facilitate or attempt such conduct; or (9) any conduct that by its nature is a sex offense against a minor. 

EFFECTIVE DATE

The provision is effective for disclosures made after the date of 

enactment. 

III. VOTES OF THE COMMITTEE 

In compliance with clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the following statement is made concerning the vote of the Committee on Ways and Means in its consideration of H.R. 3209, the Recovery of Missing Children Act. The 


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bill, as amended, was approved by a voice vote (with a quorum 

being present). 

IV. MOTION TO REPORT THE BILL 

The bill, H.R. 3209, as amended, was ordered favorably reported 

to the House of Representatives by a voice vote (with a quorum 

being present). 

V. BUDGET EFFECTS OF THE BILL 

A. COMMITTEE ESTIMATE OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS

In compliance with clause 3(d) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the following statement is made concerning the effects on the budget of the bill, H.R. 3209, as reported. 

The bill, as reported, is estimated to have no effect on Federal 

fiscal year budget receipts for the period 2016–2026. 

Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of 

Representatives, the following statement is made by the Joint Committee on Taxation with respect to the provisions of the bill amending the Internal Revenue Code of 1986: The gross budgetary effect 

(before incorporating macroeconomic effects) in any fiscal year is 

less than 0.25 percent of the current projected gross domestic product of the United States for that fiscal year; therefore, the bill is 

not ‘‘major legislation’’ for purposes of requiring that the estimate 

include the budgetary effects of changes in economic output, employment, capital stock and other macroeconomic variables. 

B. STATEMENT REGARDING NEW BUDGET AUTHORITY AND TAX

EXPENDITURES BUDGET AUTHORITY

In compliance with clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the Committee states that the bill involves no new or increased budget authority. The Committee further states that there are no new or increased tax expenditures. 

C. COST ESTIMATE PREPARED BY THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET

OFFICE

In compliance with clause 3(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, requiring a cost estimate prepared by 

the CBO, the following statement by CBO is provided. 

U.S. CONGRESS, 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, 

Washington, DC, May 6, 2016. 

Hon. KEVIN BRADY, 

Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, 

House of Representatives, Washington, DC. 

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Congressional Budget Office has prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 3209, the Recovering 

Missing Children Act. 

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Matthew Pickford. 

Sincerely, 

KEITH HALL. Enclosure. 


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H.R. 3209—Recovering Missing Chidren Act 

H.R. 3209 would amend the Internal Revenue Code to allow the 

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to release taxpayer information to 

state and local law enforcement agencies for cases involving missing or exploited children. Under current law, the IRS only releases 

taxpayer information to federal law enforcement personnel if an 

order is granted by a federal court. Based on information provided 

by the IRS and the National Center for Missing and Exploited 

Children, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would result 

in additional administrative costs totaling less than $500,000 annually. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. 

Because enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO and the staff of 

the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) estimate that enacting H.R. 

3209 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits 

in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2027. 

JCT has determined that H.R. 3209 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded 

Mandates Reform Act. 

The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Matthew Pickford. The 

estimate was approved by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Assistant 

Director for Budget Analysis. 

VI. OTHER MATTERS TO BE DISCUSSED UNDER THE 

RULES OF THE HOUSE 

A. COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

With respect to clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives (relating to oversight findings), the Committee advises that it was as a result of the Committee’s review of 

the provisions of H.R. 3209 that the Committee concluded that it 

is appropriate to report the bill, as amended, favorably to the 

House of Representatives with the recommendation that the bill do 

pass. 

B. STATEMENT OF GENERAL PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

With respect to clause 3(c)(4) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the Committee advises that the bill contains no measure that authorizes funding, so no statement of general performance goals and objectives for which any measure authorizes funding is required. 

C. INFORMATION RELATING TO UNFUNDED MANDATES

This information is provided in accordance with section 423 of 

the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. No. 104–4). 

The Committee has determined that the bill contains no unfunded mandate on the private sector, nor does it impose a Federal 

intergovernmental mandate on State, local, or tribal governments. 

D. APPLICABILITY OF HOUSE RULE XXI 5(b) 

Rule XXI 5(b) of the Rules of the House of Representatives provides, in part, that ‘‘A bill or joint resolution, amendment, or conVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:12 May 13, 2016 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR542.XXX HR542

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ference report carrying a Federal income tax rate increase may not 

be considered as passed or agreed to unless so determined by a 

vote of not less than three-fifths of the Members voting, a quorum 

being present.’’ The Committee has carefully reviewed the bill and 

states that the bill does not involve any Federal income tax rate 

increases within the meaning of the rule. 

E. TAX COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS

Section 4022(b) of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring 

and Reform Act of 1998 (‘‘IRS Reform Act’’) requires the staff of the 

Joint Committee on Taxation (in consultation with the Internal 

Revenue Service and the Treasury Department) to provide a tax 

complexity analysis. The complexity analysis is required for all legislation reported by the Senate Committee on Finance, the House 

Committee on Ways and Means, or any committee of conference if 

the legislation includes a provision that directly or indirectly 

amends the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and has widespread applicability to individuals or small businesses. 

Pursuant to clause 3(h)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House 

of Representatives, the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation 

has determined that a complexity analysis is not required under 

section 4022(b) of the IRS Reform Act because the bill contains no 

provisions that amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and have 

‘‘widespread applicability’’ to individuals or small businesses, within the meaning of the rule. 

F. CONGRESSIONAL EARMARKS, LIMITED TAX BENEFITS, AND

LIMITED TARIFF BENEFITS

With respect to clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the House 

of Representatives, the Committee has carefully reviewed the provisions of the bill and states that the provisions of the bill do not 

contain any congressional earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited 

tariff benefits within the meaning of the rule. 

G. DUPLICATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS

In compliance with Sec. 3(g)(2) of H. Res. 5 (114th Congress), the 

Committee states that no provision of the bill establishes or reauthorizes: (1) a program of the Federal Government known to be duplicative of another Federal program, (2) a program included in any 

report from the Government Accountability Office to Congress pursuant to section 21 of Public Law 111–139, or (3) a program related 

to a program identified in the most recent Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, published pursuant to the Federal Program Information Act (Public Law 95–220, as amended by Public Law 98– 

169). 

H. DISCLOSURE OF DIRECTED RULE MAKINGS

In compliance with Sec. 3(i) of H. Res. 5 (114th Congress), the 

following statement is made concerning directed rule makings: The 

Committee estimates that the bill requires no directed rule makings within the meaning of such section. 


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VII. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS 

REPORTED 

A. TEXT OF EXISTING LAW AMENDED OR REPEALED BY THE BILL, AS

REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e)(1)(A) of rule XIII of the Rules of 

the House of Representatives, the text of each section proposed to 

be amended or repealed by the bill, as reported, is shown below: 

CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e)(1)(B) of rule XIII of the Rules of 

the House of Representatives, changes in existing law proposed by 

the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed 

to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed 

in italics, and existing law in which no change is proposed is shown 

in roman): 

INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986 

* * * * * * * 

Subtitle F—Procedure and Administration 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 61—INFORMATION AND RETURNS 

* * * * * * * 

Subchapter B—Miscellaneous Provisions 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 6103. CONFIDENTIALITY AND DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION. 

(a) GENERAL RULE.—Returns and return information shall be 

confidential, and except as authorized by this title— 

(1) no officer or employee of the United States, 

(2) no officer or employee of any State, any local law enforcement agency receiving information under øsubsection (i)(7)(A)¿ 

subsection (i)(1)(C) or (7)(A), any local child support enforcement agency, or any local agency administering a program listed in subsection (l)(7)(D) who has or had access to returns or 

return information under this section or section 6104(c), and 

(3) no other person (or officer or employee thereof) who has 

or had access to returns or return information under subsection (e)(1)(D)(iii), subsection (k)(10), paragraph (6), (10), 

(12), (16), (19), (20), or (21) of subsection (l), paragraph (2) or 

(4)(B) of subsection (m), or subsection (n), 

shall disclose any return or return information obtained by him in 

any manner in connection with his service as such an officer or an 

employee or otherwise or under the provisions of this section. For 

purposes of this subsection, the term ‘‘officer or employee’’ includes 

a former officer or employee. 


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(b) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section— 

(1) RETURN.—The term ‘‘return’’ means any tax or information return, declaration of estimated tax, or claim for refund 

required by, or provided for or permitted under, the provisions 

of this title which is filed with the Secretary by, on behalf of, 

or with respect to any person, and any amendment or supplement thereto, including supporting schedules, attachments, or 

lists which are supplemental to, or part of, the return so filed. 

(2) RETURN INFORMATION.—The term ‘‘return information’’ 

means— 

(A) a taxpayer’s identity, the nature, source, or amount 

of his income, payments, receipts, deductions, exemptions, 

credits, assets, liabilities, net worth, tax liability, tax withheld, deficiencies, overassessments, or tax payments, 

whether the taxpayer’s return was, is being, or will be examined or subject to other investigation or processing, or 

any other data, received by, recorded by, prepared by, furnished to, or collected by the Secretary with respect to a 

return or with respect to the determination of the existence, or possible existence, of liability (or the amount 

thereof) of any person under this title for any tax, penalty, 

interest, fine, forfeiture, or other imposition, or offense, 

(B) any part of any written determination or any background file document relating to such written determination (as such terms are defined in section 6110(b)) which 

is not open to public inspection under section 6110, 

(C) any advance pricing agreement entered into by a taxpayer and the Secretary and any background information 

related to such agreement or any application for an advance pricing agreement, and 

(D) any agreement under section 7121, and any similar 

agreement, and any background information related to 

such an agreement or request for such an agreement, 

but such term does not include data in a form which cannot 

be associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, 

a particular taxpayer. Nothing in the preceding sentence, or in 

any other provision of law, shall be construed to require the 

disclosure of standards used or to be used for the selection of 

returns for examination, or data used or to be used for determining such standards, if the Secretary determines that such 

disclosure will seriously impair assessment, collection, or enforcement under the internal revenue laws. 

(3) TAXPAYER RETURN INFORMATION.—The term ‘‘taxpayer return information’’ means return information as defined in 

paragraph (2) which is filed with, or furnished to, the Secretary by or on behalf of the taxpayer to whom such return information relates. 

(4) TAX ADMINISTRATION.—The term ‘‘tax administration’’— 

(A) means— 

(i) the administration, management, conduct, direction, and supervision of the execution and application 

of the internal revenue laws or related statutes (or 

equivalent laws and statutes of a State) and tax conventions to which the United States is a party, and 


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(ii) the development and formulation of Federal tax 

policy relating to existing or proposed internal revenue 

laws, related statutes, and tax conventions, and 

(B) includes assessment, collection, enforcement, litigation, publication, and statistical gathering functions under 

such laws, statutes, or conventions. 

(5) STATE.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘State’’ means— 

(i) any of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the 

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, 

Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of 

the Northern Mariana Islands, 

(ii) for purposes of subsections (a)(2), (b)(4), (d)(1), 

(h)(4), and (p), any municipality— 

(I) with a population in excess of 250,000 (as determined under the most recent decennial United 

States census data available), 

(II) which imposes a tax on income or wages, 

and 

(III) with which the Secretary (in his sole discretion) has entered into an agreement regarding 

disclosure, and 

(iii) for purposes of subsections (a)(2), (b)(4), (d)(1), 

(h)(4), and (p), any governmental entity— 

(I) which is formed and operated by a qualified 

group of municipalities, and 

(II) with which the Secretary (in his sole discretion) has entered into an agreement regarding disclosure. 

(B) REGIONAL INCOME TAX AGENCIES.—For purposes of 

subparagraph (A)(iii)— 

(i) QUALIFIED GROUP OF MUNICIPALITIES.—The term 

‘‘qualified group of municipalities’’ means, with respect 

to any governmental entity, 2 or more municipalities— 

(I) each of which imposes a tax on income or 

wages, 

(II) each of which, under the authority of a 

State statute, administers the laws relating to the 

imposition of such taxes through such entity, and 

(III) which collectively have a population in excess of 250,000 (as determined under the most recent decennial United States census data available). 

(ii) REFERENCES TO STATE LAW, ETC.—For purposes 

of applying subparagraph (A)(iii) to the subsections referred to in such subparagraph, any reference in such 

subsections to State law, proceedings, or tax returns 

shall be treated as references to the law, proceedings, 

or tax returns, as the case may be, of the municipalities which form and operate the governmental entity 

referred to in such subparagraph. 

(iii) DISCLOSURE TO CONTRACTORS AND OTHER

AGENTS.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this 

section, no return or return information shall be disclosed to any contractor or other agent of a governVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:12 May 13, 2016 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6601 E:\HR\OC\HR542.XXX HR542

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mental entity referred to in subparagraph (A)(iii) unless such entity, to the satisfaction of the Secretary— 

(I) has requirements in effect which require 

each such contractor or other agent which would 

have access to returns or return information to 

provide safeguards (within the meaning of subsection (p)(4)) to protect the confidentiality of such 

returns or return information, 

(II) agrees to conduct an on-site review every 3 

years (or a mid-point review in the case of contracts or agreements of less than 3 years in duration) of each contractor or other agent to determine compliance with such requirements, 

(III) submits the findings of the most recent review conducted under subclause (II) to the Secretary as part of the report required by subsection 

(p)(4)(E), and 

(IV) certifies to the Secretary for the most recent annual period that such contractor or other 

agent is in compliance with all such requirements. 

The certification required by subclause (IV) shall include the name and address of each contractor and 

other agent, a description of the contract or agreement 

with such contractor or other agent, and the duration 

of such contract or agreement. The requirements of 

this clause shall not apply to disclosures pursuant to 

subsection (n) for purposes of Federal tax administration and a rule similar to the rule of subsection 

(p)(8)(B) shall apply for purposes of this clause. 

(6) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—The term ‘‘taxpayer identity’’ 

means the name of a person with respect to whom a return is 

filed, his mailing address, his taxpayer identifying number (as 

described in section 6109), or a combination thereof. 

(7) INSPECTION.—The terms ‘‘inspected’’ and ‘‘inspection’’ 

mean any examination of a return or return information. 

(8) DISCLOSURE.—The term ‘‘disclosure’’ means the making 

known to any person in any manner whatever a return or return information. 

(9) FEDERAL AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Federal agency’’ means an 

agency within the meaning of section 551(1) of title 5, United 

States Code. 

(10) CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER.—The term ‘‘chief executive 

officer’’ means, with respect to any municipality, any elected official and the chief official (even if not elected) of such municipality. 

(11) TERRORIST INCIDENT, THREAT, OR ACTIVITY.—The term 

‘‘terrorist incident, threat, or activity’’ means an incident, 

threat, or activity involving an act of domestic terrorism (as defined in section 2331(5) of title 18, United States Code) or 

international terrorism (as defined in section 2331(1) of such 

title). 

(c) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION TO DES- IGNEE OF TAXPAYER.—The Secretary may, subject to such requirements and conditions as he may prescribe by regulations, disclose 

the return of any taxpayer, or return information with respect to 


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such taxpayer, to such person or persons as the taxpayer may designate in a request for or consent to such disclosure, or to any other 

person at the taxpayer’s request to the extent necessary to comply 

with a request for information or assistance made by the taxpayer 

to such other person. However, return information shall not be disclosed to such person or persons if the Secretary determines that 

such disclosure would seriously impair Federal tax administration. 

(d) DISCLOSURE TO STATE TAX OFFICIALS AND STATE AND LOCAL

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Returns and return information with respect to taxes imposed by chapters 1, 2, 6, 11, 12, 21, 23, 24, 

31, 32, 44, 51, and 52 and subchapter D of chapter 36 shall be 

open to inspection by, or disclosure to, any State agency, body, 

or commission, or its legal representative, which is charged 

under the laws of such State with responsibility for the administration of State tax laws for the purpose of, and only to the 

extent necessary in, the administration of such laws, including 

any procedures with respect to locating any person who may 

be entitled to a refund. Such inspection shall be permitted, or 

such disclosure made, only upon written request by the head 

of such agency, body, or commission, and only to the representatives of such agency, body, or commission designated in such 

written request as the individuals who are to inspect or to receive the returns or return information on behalf of such agency, body, or commission. Such representatives shall not include 

any individual who is the chief executive officer of such State 

or who is neither an employee or legal representative of such 

agency, body, or commission nor a person described in subsection (n). However, such return information shall not be disclosed to the extent that the Secretary determines that such 

disclosure would identify a confidential informant or seriously 

impair any civil or criminal tax investigation. 

(2) DISCLOSURE TO STATE AUDIT AGENCIES.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Any returns or return information obtained under paragraph (1) by any State agency, body, or 

commission may be open to inspection by, or disclosure to, 

officers and employees of the State audit agency for the 

purpose of, and only to the extent necessary in, making an 

audit of the State agency, body, or commission referred to 

in paragraph (1). 

(B) STATE AUDIT AGENCY.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term ‘‘State audit agency’’ means any State 

agency, body, or commission which is charged under the 

laws of the State with the responsibility of auditing State 

revenues and programs. 

(3) EXCEPTION FOR REIMBURSEMENT UNDER SECTION 7624.— 

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from disclosing to any State or local law enforcement 

agency which may receive a payment under section 7624 the 

amount of the recovered taxes with respect to which such a 

payment may be made. 

(4) AVAILABILITY AND USE OF DEATH INFORMATION.— (A) IN GENERAL.—No returns or return information may 

be disclosed under paragraph (1) to any agency, body, or 

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of) during any period during which a contract meeting the 

requirements of subparagraph (B) is not in effect between 

such State and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. 

(B) CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS.—A contract meets the 

requirements of this subparagraph if— 

(i) such contract requires the State to furnish the 

Secretary of Health and Human Services information 

concerning individuals with respect to whom death 

certificates (or equivalent documents maintained by 

the State or any subdivision thereof) have been officially filed with it, and 

(ii) such contract does not include any restriction on 

the use of information obtained by such Secretary pursuant to such contract, except that such contract may 

provide that such information is only to be used by the 

Secretary (or any other Federal agency) for purposes 

of ensuring that Federal benefits or other payments 

are not erroneously paid to deceased individuals. 

Any information obtained by the Secretary of Health and 

Human Services under such a contract shall be exempt 

from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States 

Code, and from the requirements of section 552a of such 

title 5. 

(C) SPECIAL EXCEPTION.—The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any State which on July 1, 

1993, was not, pursuant to a contract, furnishing the Secretary of Health and Human Services information concerning individuals with respect to whom death certificates 

(or equivalent documents maintained by the State or any 

subdivision thereof) have been officially filed with it. 

(5) DISCLOSURE FOR COMBINED EMPLOYMENT TAX REPORTING.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may disclose taxpayer 

identity information and signatures to any agency, body, 

or commission of any State for the purpose of carrying out 

with such agency, body, or commission a combined Federal 

and State employment tax reporting program approved by 

the Secretary. Subsections (a)(2) and (p)(4) and sections 

7213 and 7213A shall not apply with respect to disclosures 

or inspections made pursuant to this paragraph. 

(B) TERMINATION.—The Secretary may not make any 

disclosure under this paragraph after December 31, 2007. 

(6) LIMITATION ON DISCLOSURE REGARDING REGIONAL INCOME

TAX AGENCIES TREATED AS STATES.—For purposes of paragraph 

(1), inspection by or disclosure to an entity described in subsection (b)(5)(A)(iii) shall be for the purpose of, and only to the 

extent necessary in, the administration of the laws of the member municipalities in such entity relating to the imposition of 

a tax on income or wages. Such entity may not redisclose any 

return or return information received pursuant to paragraph 

(1) to any such member municipality. 

(e) DISCLOSURE TO PERSONS HAVING MATERIAL INTEREST.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The return of a person shall, upon written 

request, be open to inspection by or disclosure to— 


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(A) in the case of the return of an individual— 

(i) that individual, 

(ii) the spouse of that individual if the individual 

and such spouse have signified their consent to consider a gift reported on such return as made one-half 

by him and one-half by the spouse pursuant to the 

provisions of section 2513; or 

(iii) the child of that individual (or such child’s legal 

representative) to the extent necessary to comply with 

the provisions of section 1(g); 

(B) in the case of an income tax return filed jointly, either of the individuals with respect to whom the return is 

filed; 

(C) in the case of the return of a partnership, any person 

who was a member of such partnership during any part of 

the period covered by the return; 

(D) in the case of the return of a corporation or a subsidiary thereof— 

(i) any person designated by resolution of its board 

of directors or other similar governing body, 

(ii) any officer or employee of such corporation upon 

written request signed by any principal officer and attested to by the secretary or other officer, 

(iii) any bona fide shareholder of record owning 1 

percent or more of the outstanding stock of such corporation, 

(iv) if the corporation was an S corporation, any person who was a shareholder during any part of the period covered by such return during which an election 

under section 1362(a) was in effect, or 

(v) if the corporation has been dissolved, any person 

authorized by applicable State law to act for the corporation or any person who the Secretary finds to 

have a material interest which will be affected by information contained therein; 

(E) in the case of the return of an estate— 

(i) the administrator, executor, or trustee of such estate, and 

(ii) any heir at law, next of kin, or beneficiary under 

the will, of the decedent, but only if the Secretary 

finds that such heir at law, next of kin, or beneficiary 

has a material interest which will be affected by information contained therein; and 

(F) in the case of the return of a trust— 

(i) the trustee or trustees, jointly or separately, and 

(ii) any beneficiary of such trust, but only if the Secretary finds that such beneficiary has a material interest which will be affected by information contained 

therein. 

(2) INCOMPETENCY.—If an individual described in paragraph 

(1) is legally incompetent, the applicable return shall, upon 

written request, be open to inspection by or disclosure to the 

committee, trustee, or guardian of his estate. 


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(3) DECEASED INDIVIDUALS.—The return of a decedent shall, 

upon written request, be open to inspection by or disclosure 

to— 

(A) the administrator, executor, or trustee of his estate, 

and 

(B) any heir at law, next of kin, or beneficiary under the 

will, of such decedent, or a donee of property, but only if 

the Secretary finds that such heir at law, next of kin, beneficiary, or donee has a material interest which will be affected by information contained therein. 

(4) TITLE 11 CASES AND RECEIVERSHIP PROCEEDINGS.—If— 

(A) there is a trustee in a title 11 case in which the debtor is the person with respect to whom the return is filed, 

or 

(B) substantially all of the property of the person with 

respect to whom the return is filed is in the hands of a receiver, 

such return or returns for prior years of such person shall, 

upon written request, be open to inspection by or disclosure to 

such trustee or receiver, but only if the Secretary finds that 

such trustee or receiver, in his fiduciary capacity, has a material interest which will be affected by information contained 

therein. 

(5) INDIVIDUAL’S TITLE 11 CASE.— (A) IN GENERAL.—In any case to which section 1398 applies (determined without regard to section 1398(b)(1)), 

any return of the debtor for the taxable year in which the 

case commenced or any preceding taxable year shall, upon 

written request, be open to inspection by or disclosure to 

the trustee in such case. 

(B) RETURN OF ESTATE AVAILABLE TO DEBTOR.—Any return of an estate in a case to which section 1398 applies 

shall, upon written request, be open to inspection by or 

disclosure to the debtor in such case. 

(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR INVOLUNTARY CASES.—In an involuntary case, no disclosure shall be made under subparagraph (A) until the order for relief has been entered by the 

court having jurisdiction of such case unless such court 

finds that such disclosure is appropriate for purposes of 

determining whether an order for relief should be entered. 

(6) ATTORNEY IN FACT.—Any return to which this subsection 

applies shall, upon written request, also be open to inspection 

by or disclosure to the attorney in fact duly authorized in writing by any of the persons described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), 

(4), (5), (8), or (9) to inspect the return or receive the information on his behalf, subject to the conditions provided in such 

paragraphs. 

(7) RETURN INFORMATION.—Return information with respect 

to any taxpayer may be open to inspection by or disclosure to 

any person authorized by this subsection to inspect any return 

of such taxpayer if the Secretary determines that such disclosure would not seriously impair Federal tax administration. 

(8) DISCLOSURE OF COLLECTION ACTIVITIES WITH RESPECT TO

JOINT RETURN.—If any deficiency of tax with respect to a joint 

return is assessed and the individuals filing such return are no 


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longer married or no longer reside in the same household, upon 

request in writing by either of such individuals, the Secretary 

shall disclose in writing to the individual making the request 

whether the Secretary has attempted to collect such deficiency 

from such other individual, the general nature of such collection activities, and the amount collected. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any deficiency which may not be collected by reason of section 6502. 

(9) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN INFORMATION WHERE MORE THAN

1 PERSON SUBJECT TO PENALTY UNDER SECTION 6672.—If the 

Secretary determines that a person is liable for a penalty 

under section 6672(a) with respect to any failure, upon request 

in writing of such person, the Secretary shall disclose in writing to such person— 

(A) the name of any other person whom the Secretary 

has determined to be liable for such penalty with respect 

to such failure, and 

(B) whether the Secretary has attempted to collect such 

penalty from such other person, the general nature of such 

collection activities, and the amount collected. 

(10) LIMITATION ON CERTAIN DISCLOSURES UNDER THIS SUB- SECTION.—In the case of an inspection or disclosure under this 

subsection relating to the return of a partnership, S corporation, trust, or an estate, the information inspected or disclosed 

shall not include any supporting schedule, attachment, or list 

which includes the taxpayer identity information of a person 

other than the entity making the return or the person conducting the inspection or to whom the disclosure is made. 

(11) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION REGARDING STATUS OF INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION.—In the case of a 

person who provides to the Secretary information indicating a 

violation of section 7213, 7213A, or 7214 with respect to any 

return or return information of such person, the Secretary may 

disclose to such person (or such person’s designee)— 

(A) whether an investigation based on the person’s provision of such information has been initiated and whether it 

is open or closed, 

(B) whether any such investigation substantiated such a 

violation by any individual, and 

(C) whether any action has been taken with respect to 

such individual (including whether a referral has been 

made for prosecution of such individual). 

(f) DISCLOSURE TO COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.— 

(1) COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, COMMITTEE ON FINANCE, AND JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION.—Upon written 

request from the chairman of the Committee on Ways and 

Means of the House of Representatives, the chairman of the 

Committee on Finance of the Senate, or the chairman of the 

Joint Committee on Taxation, the Secretary shall furnish such 

committee with any return or return information specified in 

such request, except that any return or return information 

which can be associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or 

indirectly, a particular taxpayer shall be furnished to such 

committee only when sitting in closed executive session unless 

such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to such disclosure. 


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(2) CHIEF OF STAFF OF JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION.— Upon written request by the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation, the Secretary shall furnish him with any 

return or return information specified in such request. Such 

Chief of Staff may submit such return or return information to 

any committee described in paragraph (1), except that any return or return information which can be associated with, or 

otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer 

shall be furnished to such committee only when sitting in 

closed executive session unless such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to such disclosure. 

(3) OTHER COMMITTEES.—Pursuant to an action by, and upon 

written request by the chairman of, a committee of the Senate 

or the House of Representatives (other than a committee specified in paragraph (1)) specially authorized to inspect any return or return information by a resolution of the Senate or the 

House of Representatives or, in the case of a joint committee 

(other than the joint committee specified in paragraph (1)) by 

concurrent resolution, the Secretary shall furnish such committee, or a duly authorized and designated subcommittee 

thereof, sitting in closed executive session, with any return or 

return information which such resolution authorizes the committee or subcommittee to inspect. Any resolution described in 

this paragraph shall specify the purpose for which the return 

or return information is to be furnished and that such information cannot reasonably be obtained from any other source. 

(4) AGENTS OF COMMITTEES AND SUBMISSION OF INFORMATION

TO SENATE OR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.— (A) COMMITTEES DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH (1).—Any committee described in paragraph (1) or the Chief of Staff of 

the Joint Committee on Taxation shall have the authority, 

acting directly, or by or through such examiners or agents 

as the chairman of such committee or such chief of staff 

may designate or appoint, to inspect returns and return information at such time and in such manner as may be determined by such chairman or chief of staff. Any return or 

return information obtained by or on behalf of such committee pursuant to the provisions of this subsection may 

be submitted by the committee to the Senate or the House 

of Representatives, or to both. The Joint Committee on 

Taxation may also submit such return or return information to any other committee described in paragraph (1), except that any return or return information which can be 

associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer shall be furnished to such 

committee only when sitting in closed executive session 

unless such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to such 

disclosure. 

(B) OTHER COMMITTEES.—Any committee or subcommittee described in paragraph (3) shall have the right, 

acting directly, or by or through no more than four examiners or agents, designated or appointed in writing in 

equal numbers by the chairman and ranking minority 

member of such committee or subcommittee, to inspect returns and return information at such time and in such 


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manner as may be determined by such chairman and 

ranking minority member. Any return or return information obtained by or on behalf of such committee or subcommittee pursuant to the provisions of this subsection 

may be submitted by the committee to the Senate or the 

House of Representatives, or to both, except that any return or return information which can be associated with, 

or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular 

taxpayer, shall be furnished to the Senate or the House of 

Representatives only when sitting in closed executive session unless such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to 

such disclosure. 

(5) DISCLOSURE BY WHISTLEBLOWER.—Any person who otherwise has or had access to any return or return information 

under this section may disclose such return or return information to a committee referred to in paragraph (1) or any individual authorized to receive or inspect information under paragraph (4)(A) if such person believes such return or return information may relate to possible misconduct, maladministration, 

or taxpayer abuse. 

(g) DISCLOSURE TO PRESIDENT AND CERTAIN OTHER PERSONS.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request by the President, 

signed by him personally, the Secretary shall furnish to the 

President, or to such employee or employees of the White 

House Office as the President may designate by name in such 

request, a return or return information with respect to any 

taxpayer named in such request. Any such request shall 

state— 

(A) the name and address of the taxpayer whose return 

or return information is to be disclosed, 

(B) the kind of return or return information which is to 

be disclosed, 

(C) the taxable period or periods covered by such return 

or return information, and 

(D) the specific reason why the inspection or disclosure 

is requested. 

(2) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION AS TO PRESI- DENTIAL APPOINTEES AND CERTAIN OTHER FEDERAL GOVERN- MENT APPOINTEES.—The Secretary may disclose to a duly authorized representative of the Executive Office of the President 

or to the head of any Federal agency, upon written request by 

the President or head of such agency, or to the Federal Bureau 

of Investigation on behalf of and upon written request by the 

President or such head, return information with respect to an 

individual who is designated as being under consideration for 

appointment to a position in the executive or judicial branch 

of the Federal Government. Such return information shall be 

limited to whether such individual— 

(A) has filed returns with respect to the taxes imposed 

under chapter 1 for not more than the immediately preceding 3 years; 

(B) has failed to pay any tax within 10 days after notice 

and demand, or has been assessed any penalty under this 

title for negligence, in the current year or immediately preceding 3 years; 


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(C) has been or is under investigation for possible criminal offenses under the internal revenue laws and the results of any such investigation; or 

(D) has been assessed any civil penalty under this title 

for fraud. 

Within 3 days of the receipt of any request for any return information with respect to any individual under this paragraph, 

the Secretary shall notify such individual in writing that such 

information has been requested under the provisions of this 

paragraph. 

(3) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The employees to whom 

returns and return information are disclosed under this subsection shall not disclose such returns and return information 

to any other person except the President or the head of such 

agency without the personal written direction of the President 

or the head of such agency. 

(4) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE TO CERTAIN EMPLOYEES.— 

Disclosure of returns and return information under this subsection shall not be made to any employee whose annual rate 

of basic pay is less than the annual rate of basic pay specified 

for positions subject to section 5316 of title 5, United States 

Code. 

(5) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Within 30 days after the 

close of each calendar quarter, the President and the head of 

any agency requesting returns and return information under 

this subsection shall each file a report with the Joint Committee on Taxation setting forth the taxpayers with respect to 

whom such requests were made during such quarter under this 

subsection, the returns or return information involved, and the 

reasons for such requests. The President shall not be required 

to report on any request for returns and return information 

pertaining to an individual who was an officer or employee of 

the executive branch of the Federal Government at the time 

such request was made. Reports filed pursuant to this paragraph shall not be disclosed unless the Joint Committee on 

Taxation determines that disclosure thereof (including identifying details) would be in the national interest. Such reports 

shall be maintained by the Joint Committee on Taxation for a 

period not exceeding 2 years unless, within such period, the 

Joint Committee on Taxation determines that a disclosure to 

the Congress is necessary. 

(h) DISCLOSURE TO CERTAIN FEDERAL OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES

FOR PURPOSES OF TAX ADMINISTRATION, ETC..— 

(1) DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.—Returns and return information shall, without written request, be open to inspection 

by or disclosure to officers and employees of the Department 

of the Treasury whose official duties require such inspection or 

disclosure for tax administration purposes. 

(2) DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.—In a matter involving tax administration, a return or return information shall be open to 

inspection by or disclosure to officers and employees of the Department of Justice (including United States attorneys) personally and directly engaged in, and solely for their use in, any 

proceeding before a Federal grand jury or preparation for any 

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ceeding) before a Federal grand jury or any Federal or State 

court, but only if— 

(A) the taxpayer is or may be a party to the proceeding, 

or the proceeding arose out of, or in connection with, determining the taxpayer’s civil or criminal liability, or the collection of such civil liability in respect of any tax imposed 

under this title; 

(B) the treatment of an item reflected on such return is 

or may be related to the resolution of an issue in the proceeding or investigation; or 

(C) such return or return information relates or may relate to a transactional relationship between a person who 

is or may be a party to the proceeding and the taxpayer 

which affects, or may affect, the resolution of an issue in 

such proceeding or investigation. 

(3) FORM OF REQUEST.—In any case in which the Secretary 

is authorized to disclose a return or return information to the 

Department of Justice pursuant to the provisions of this subsection— 

(A) if the Secretary has referred the case to the Department of Justice, or if the proceeding is authorized by subchapter B of chapter 76, the Secretary may make such disclosure on his own motion, or 

(B) if the Secretary receives a written request from the 

Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, or an Assistant Attorney General for a return of, or return information relating to, a person named in such request and 

setting forth the need for the disclosure, the Secretary 

shall disclose return or return the information so requested. 

(4) DISCLOSURE IN JUDICIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE TAX PROCEEDINGS.—A return or return information may be disclosed in 

a Federal or State judicial or administrative proceeding pertaining to tax administration, but only— 

(A) if the taxpayer is a party to the proceeding, or the 

proceeding arose out of, or in connection with, determining 

the taxpayer’s civil or criminal liability, or the collection of 

such civil liability, in respect of any tax imposed under 

this title; 

(B) if the treatment of an item reflected on such return 

is directly related to the resolution of an issue in the proceeding; 

(C) if such return or return information directly relates 

to a transactional relationship between a person who is a 

party to the proceeding and the taxpayer which directly affects the resolution of an issue in the proceeding; or 

(D) to the extent required by order of a court pursuant 

to section 3500 of title 18, United States Code, or rule 16 

of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, such court 

being authorized in the issuance of such order to give due 

consideration to congressional policy favoring the confidentiality of returns and return information as set forth in 

this title. 

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retary determines that such disclosure would identify a confidential informant or seriously impair a civil or criminal tax 

investigation. 

(5) WITHHOLDING OF TAX FROM SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS.— 

Upon written request of the payor agency, the Secretary may 

disclose available return information from the master files of 

the Internal Revenue Service with respect to the address and 

status of an individual as a nonresident alien or as a citizen 

or resident of the United States to the Social Security Administration or the Railroad Retirement Board (whichever is appropriate) for purposes of carrying out its responsibilities for withholding tax under section 1441 from social security benefits (as 

defined in section 86(d)). 

(6) INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT BOARD.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), and 

except as provided in subparagraph (B), no return or return information may be disclosed to any member of the 

Oversight Board described in subparagraph (A) or (D) of 

section 7802(b)(1) or to any employee or detailee of such 

Board by reason of their service with the Board. Any request for information not permitted to be disclosed under 

the preceding sentence, and any contact relating to a specific taxpayer, made by any such individual to an officer or 

employee of the Internal Revenue Service shall be reported 

by such officer or employee to the Secretary, the Treasury 

Inspector General for Tax Administration, and the Joint 

Committee on Taxation. 

(B) EXCEPTION FOR REPORTS TO THE BOARD.—If— 

(i) the Commissioner or the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration prepares any report or 

other matter for the Oversight Board in order to assist 

the Board in carrying out its duties; and 

(ii) the Commissioner or such Inspector General determines it is necessary to include any return or return information in such report or other matter to enable the Board to carry out such duties, such return 

or return information (other than information regarding taxpayer identity) may be disclosed to members, 

employees, or detailees of the Board solely for the purpose of carrying out such duties. 

(i) DISCLOSURE TO FEDERAL OFFICERS OR EMPLOYEES FOR ADMINISTRATION OF FEDERAL LAWS NOT RELATING TO TAX ADMINISTRATION.— 

(1) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION FOR

USE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (6), 

any return or return information with respect to any specified taxable period or periods shall, pursuant to and upon 

the grant of an ex parte order by a Federal district court 

judge or magistrate judge under subparagraph (B), be open 

(but only to the extent necessary as provided in such 

order) to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of any Federal agency who are personally and directly engaged in— 


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(i) preparation for any judicial or administrative 

proceeding pertaining to the enforcement of a specifically designated Federal criminal statute (not involving tax administration) to which the United States or 

such agency is or may be a party, or pertaining to the 

case of a missing or exploited child, 

(ii) any investigation which may result in such a 

proceeding, or 

(iii) any Federal grand jury proceeding pertaining to 

enforcement of such a criminal statute to which the 

United States or such agency is or may be a party, or 

to such a case of a missing or exploited child, 

solely for the use of such officers and employees in such 

preparation, investigation, or grand jury proceeding. 

(B) APPLICATION FOR ORDER.—The Attorney General, the 

Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney General, 

any Assistant Attorney General, any United States attorney, any special prosecutor appointed under section 593 of 

title 28, United States Code, or any attorney in charge of 

a criminal division organized crime strike force established 

pursuant to section 510 of title 28, United States Code, 

may authorize an application to a Federal district court 

judge or magistrate judge for the order referred to in subparagraph (A). Upon such application, such judge or magistrate judge may grant such order if he determines on the 

basis of the facts submitted by the applicant that— 

(i) there is reasonable cause to believe, based upon 

information believed to be reliable, that a specific 

criminal act has been committed, 

(ii) there is reasonable cause to believe that the return or return information is or may be relevant to a 

matter relating to the commission of such act, and 

(iii) the return or return information is sought exclusively for use in a Federal criminal investigation or 

proceeding concerning such act (or any criminal investigation or proceeding, in the case of a matter relating 

to a missing or exploited child), and the information 

sought to be disclosed cannot reasonably be obtained, 

under the circumstances, from another source. 

(C) DISCLOSURE TO STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT

AGENCIES IN THE CASE OF MATTERS PERTAINING TO A MISSING OR EXPLOITED CHILD.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an investigation pertaining to a missing or exploited child, the head of any 

Federal agency, or his designee, may disclose any return or return information obtained under subparagraph (A) to officers and employees of any State or 

local law enforcement agency, but only if— 

(I) such State or local law enforcement agency is 

part of a team with the Federal agency in such investigation, and 

(II) such information is disclosed only to such officers and employees who are personally and directly engaged in such investigation. 


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(ii) LIMITATION ON USE OF INFORMATION.—Information disclosed under this subparagraph shall be solely 

for the use of such officers and employees in locating 

the missing child, in a grand jury proceeding, or in 

any preparation for, or investigation which may result 

in, a judicial or administrative proceeding. 

(iii) MISSING CHILD.—For purposes of this subparagraph, the term ‘‘missing child’’ shall have the meaning 

given such term by section 403 of the Missing Children’s Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5772). 

(iv) EXPLOITED CHILD.—For purposes of this subparagraph, the term ‘‘exploited child’’ means a minor 

with respect to whom there is reason to believe that a 

specified offense against a minor (as defined by section 

111(7) of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (42 U.S.C. 16911(7))) has or is occurring. 

(2) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION OTHER THAN TAX- PAYER RETURN INFORMATION FOR USE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (6), 

upon receipt by the Secretary of a request which meets the 

requirements of subparagraph (B) from the head of any 

Federal agency or the Inspector General thereof, or, in the 

case of the Department of Justice, the Attorney General, 

the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney General, any Assistant Attorney General, the Director of the 

Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Administrator of the 

Drug Enforcement Administration, any United States attorney, any special prosecutor appointed under section 593 

of title 28, United States Code, or any attorney in charge 

of a criminal division organized crime strike force established pursuant to section 510 of title 28, United States 

Code, the Secretary shall disclose return information 

(other than taxpayer return information) to officers and 

employees of such agency who are personally and directly 

engaged in— 

(i) preparation for any judicial or administrative 

proceeding described in paragraph (1)(A)(i), 

(ii) any investigation which may result in such a 

proceeding, or 

(iii) any grand jury proceeding described in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), 

solely for the use of such officers and employees in such 

preparation, investigation, or grand jury proceeding. 

(B) REQUIREMENTS.—A request meets the requirements 

of this subparagraph if the request is in writing and sets 

forth— 

(i) the name and address of the taxpayer with respect to whom the requested return information relates; 

(ii) the taxable period or periods to which such return information relates; 

(iii) the statutory authority under which the proceeding or investigation described in subparagraph (A) 

is being conducted; and 


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(iv) the specific reason or reasons why such disclosure is, or may be, relevant to such proceeding or investigation. 

(C) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—For purposes of this paragraph, a taxpayer’s identity shall not be treated as taxpayer return information. 

(3) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO APPRISE APPROPRIATE OFFICIALS OF CRIMINAL OR TERRORIST ACTIVITIES OR

EMERGENCY CIRCUMSTANCES.— 

(A) POSSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAW.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), the Secretary may disclose in writing return information (other than taxpayer return information) 

which may constitute evidence of a violation of any 

Federal criminal law (not involving tax administration) to the extent necessary to apprise the head of the 

appropriate Federal agency charged with the responsibility of enforcing such law. The head of such agency 

may disclose such return information to officers and 

employees of such agency to the extent necessary to 

enforce such law. 

(ii) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—If there is return information (other than taxpayer return information) which 

may constitute evidence of a violation by any taxpayer 

of any Federal criminal law (not involving tax administration), such taxpayer’s identity may also be disclosed under clause (i). 

(B) EMERGENCY CIRCUMSTANCES.— 

(i) DANGER OF DEATH OR PHYSICAL INJURY.—Under 

circumstances involving an imminent danger of death 

or physical injury to any individual, the Secretary may 

disclose return information to the extent necessary to 

apprise appropriate officers or employees of any Federal or State law enforcement agency of such circumstances. 

(ii) FLIGHT FROM FEDERAL PROSECUTION.—Under 

circumstances involving the imminent flight of any individual from Federal prosecution, the Secretary may 

disclose return information to the extent necessary to 

apprise appropriate officers or employees of any Federal law enforcement agency of such circumstances. 

(C) TERRORIST ACTIVITIES, ETC..— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), the Secretary may disclose in writing return information (other than taxpayer return information) that 

may be related to a terrorist incident, threat, or activity to the extent necessary to apprise the head of the 

appropriate Federal law enforcement agency responsible for investigating or responding to such terrorist 

incident, threat, or activity. The head of the agency 

may disclose such return information to officers and 

employees of such agency to the extent necessary to 

investigate or respond to such terrorist incident, 

threat, or activity. 


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(ii) DISCLOSURE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.— Returns and taxpayer return information may also be 

disclosed to the Attorney General under clause (i) to 

the extent necessary for, and solely for use in preparing, an application under paragraph (7)(D). 

(iii) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—For purposes of this subparagraph, a taxpayer’s identity shall not be treated 

as taxpayer return information. 

(4) USE OF CERTAIN DISCLOSED RETURNS AND RETURN INFOR- MATION IN JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS.— (A) RETURNS AND TAXPAYER RETURN INFORMATION.—Except as provided in subparagraph (C), any return or taxpayer return information obtained under paragraph (1) or 

(7)(C) may be disclosed in any judicial or administrative 

proceeding pertaining to enforcement of a specifically designated Federal criminal statute or related civil forfeiture 

(not involving tax administration) to which the United 

States or a Federal agency is a party— 

(i) if the court finds that such return or taxpayer return information is probative of a matter in issue relevant in establishing the commission of a crime or the 

guilt or liability of a party, or 

(ii) to the extent required by order of the court pursuant to section 3500 of title 18, United States Code, 

or rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. 

(B) RETURN INFORMATION (OTHER THAN TAXPAYER RE- TURN INFORMATION).—Except as provided in subparagraph 

(C), any return information (other than taxpayer return information) obtained under paragraph (1), (2), (3)(A) or (C), 

or (7) may be disclosed in any judicial or administrative 

proceeding pertaining to enforcement of a specifically designated Federal criminal statute or related civil forfeiture 

(not involving tax administration) to which the United 

States or a Federal agency is a party. 

(C) CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANT; IMPAIRMENT OF INVES- TIGATIONS.—No return or return information shall be admitted into evidence under subparagraph (A)(i) or (B) if 

the Secretary determines and notifies the Attorney General or his delegate or the head of the Federal agency that 

such admission would identify a confidential informant or 

seriously impair a civil or criminal tax investigation. 

(D) CONSIDERATION OF CONFIDENTIALITY POLICY.—In ruling upon the admissibility of returns or return information, and in the issuance of an order under subparagraph 

(A)(ii), the court shall give due consideration to congressional policy favoring the confidentiality of returns and return information as set forth in this title. 

(E) REVERSIBLE ERROR.—The admission into evidence of 

any return or return information contrary to the provisions 

of this paragraph shall not, as such, constitute reversible 

error upon appeal of a judgment in the proceeding. 

(5) DISCLOSURE TO LOCATE FUGITIVES FROM JUSTICE.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (6), 

the return of an individual or return information with respect to such individual shall, pursuant to and upon the 


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grant of an ex parte order by a Federal district court judge 

or magistrate judge under subparagraph (B), be open (but 

only to the extent necessary as provided in such order) to 

inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of 

any Federal agency exclusively for use in locating such individual. 

(B) APPLICATION FOR ORDER.—Any person described in 

paragraph (1)(B) may authorize an application to a Federal district court judge or magistrate judge for an order 

referred to in subparagraph (A). Upon such application, 

such judge or magistrate judge may grant such order if he 

determines on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant that— 

(i) a Federal arrest warrant relating to the commission of a Federal felony offense has been issued for an 

individual who is a fugitive from justice, 

(ii) the return of such individual or return information with respect to such individual is sought exclusively for use in locating such individual, and 

(iii) there is reasonable cause to believe that such 

return or return information may be relevant in determining the location of such individual. 

(6) CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANTS; IMPAIRMENT OF INVESTIGA- TIONS.—The Secretary shall not disclose any return or return 

information under paragraph (1), (2), (3)(A) or (C), (5), (7), or 

(8) if the Secretary determines (and, in the case of a request 

for disclosure pursuant to a court order described in paragraph 

(1)(B) or (5)(B), certifies to the court) that such disclosure 

would identify a confidential informant or seriously impair a 

civil or criminal tax investigation. 

(7) DISCLOSURE UPON REQUEST OF INFORMATION RELATING TO

TERRORIST ACTIVITIES, ETC..— 

(A) DISCLOSURE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— (i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), upon receipt by the Secretary of a written request 

which meets the requirements of clause (iii), the Secretary may disclose return information (other than 

taxpayer return information) to officers and employees 

of any Federal law enforcement agency who are personally and directly engaged in the response to or investigation of any terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(ii) DISCLOSURE TO STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.—The head of any Federal law enforcement agency may disclose return information obtained under clause (i) to officers and employees of any 

State or local law enforcement agency but only if such 

agency is part of a team with the Federal law enforcement agency in such response or investigation and 

such information is disclosed only to officers and employees who are personally and directly engaged in 

such response or investigation. 

(iii) REQUIREMENTS.—A request meets the requirements of this clause if— 

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volved in the response to or investigation of any 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity, and 

(II) the request sets forth the specific reason or 

reasons why such disclosure may be relevant to a 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(iv) LIMITATION ON USE OF INFORMATION.—Information disclosed under this subparagraph shall be solely 

for the use of the officers and employees to whom such 

information is disclosed in such response or investigation. 

(v) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—For purposes of this subparagraph, a taxpayer’s identity shall not be treated 

as taxpayer return information. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), upon receipt by the Secretary of a written request 

which meets the requirements of clause (ii), the Secretary may disclose return information (other than 

taxpayer return information) to those officers and employees of the Department of Justice, the Department 

of the Treasury, and other Federal intelligence agencies who are personally and directly engaged in the 

collection or analysis of intelligence and counterintelligence information or investigation concerning any 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity. For purposes of 

the preceding sentence, the information disclosed 

under the preceding sentence shall be solely for the 

use of such officers and employees in such investigation, collection, or analysis. 

(ii) REQUIREMENTS.—A request meets the requirements of this subparagraph if the request— 

(I) is made by an individual described in clause 

(iii), and 

(II) sets forth the specific reason or reasons why 

such disclosure may be relevant to a terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(iii) REQUESTING INDIVIDUALS.—An individual described in this subparagraph is an individual— 

(I) who is an officer or employee of the Department of Justice or the Department of the Treasury 

who is appointed by the President with the advice 

and consent of the Senate or who is the Director 

of the United States Secret Service, and 

(II) who is responsible for the collection and 

analysis of intelligence and counterintelligence information concerning any terrorist incident, 

threat, or activity. 

(iv) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—For purposes of this subparagraph, a taxpayer’s identity shall not be treated 

as taxpayer return information. 

(C) DISCLOSURE UNDER EX PARTE ORDERS.— (i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), any return or return information with respect to 

any specified taxable period or periods shall, pursuant 

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eral district court judge or magistrate judge under 

clause (ii), be open (but only to the extent necessary 

as provided in such order) to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of any Federal law enforcement agency or Federal intelligence agency who 

are personally and directly engaged in any investigation, response to, or analysis of intelligence and counterintelligence information concerning any terrorist incident, threat, or activity. Return or return information opened to inspection or disclosure pursuant to the 

preceding sentence shall be solely for the use of such 

officers and employees in the investigation, response, 

or analysis, and in any judicial, administrative, or 

grand jury proceedings, pertaining to such terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(ii) APPLICATION FOR ORDER.—The Attorney General, 

the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney 

General, any Assistant Attorney General, or any 

United States attorney may authorize an application 

to a Federal district court judge or magistrate judge 

for the order referred to in clause (i). Upon such application, such judge or magistrate judge may grant such 

order if he determines on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant that— 

(I) there is reasonable cause to believe, based 

upon information believed to be reliable, that the 

return or return information may be relevant to a 

matter relating to such terrorist incident, threat, 

or activity, and 

(II) the return or return information is sought 

exclusively for use in a Federal investigation, 

analysis, or proceeding concerning any terrorist 

incident, threat, or activity. 

(D) SPECIAL RULE FOR EX PARTE DISCLOSURE BY THE

IRS.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), the Secretary may authorize an application to a 

Federal district court judge or magistrate judge for the 

order referred to in subparagraph (C)(i). Upon such 

application, such judge or magistrate judge may grant 

such order if he determines on the basis of the facts 

submitted by the applicant that the requirements of 

subparagraph (C)(ii)(I) are met. 

(ii) LIMITATION ON USE OF INFORMATION.—Information disclosed under clause (i)— 

(I) may be disclosed only to the extent necessary 

to apprise the head of the appropriate Federal law 

enforcement agency responsible for investigating 

or responding to a terrorist incident, threat, or activity, and 

(II) shall be solely for use in a Federal investigation, analysis, or proceeding concerning any 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

The head of such Federal agency may disclose such information to officers and employees of such agency to 


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the extent necessary to investigate or respond to such 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(8) COMPTROLLER GENERAL.— (A) RETURNS AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION.—Except as 

provided in subparagraph (C), upon written request by the 

Comptroller General of the United States, returns and return information shall be open to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of the Government Accountability Office for the purpose of, and to the extent 

necessary in, making— 

(i) an audit of the Internal Revenue Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 

Department of Justice, or the Tax and Trade Bureau, 

Department of the Treasury, which may be required 

by section 713 of title 31, United States Code, or 

(ii) any audit authorized by subsection (p)(6), 

except that no such officer or employee shall, except to the 

extent authorized by subsection (f) or (p)(6), disclose to any 

person, other than another officer or employee of such office whose official duties require such disclosure, any return or return information described in section 4424(a) in 

a form which can be associated with, or otherwise identify, 

directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer, nor shall such 

officer or employee disclose any other return or return information, except as otherwise expressly provided by law, 

to any person other than such other officer or employee of 

such office in a form which can be associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer. 

(B) AUDITS OF OTHER AGENCIES.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this section shall prohibit any return or return information obtained under 

this title by any Federal agency (other than an agency 

referred to in subparagraph (A)) or by a Trustee as defined in the District of Columbia Retirement Protection Act of 1997, for use in any program or activity 

from being open to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of the Government Accountability 

Office if such inspection or disclosure is— 

(I) for purposes of, and to the extent necessary 

in, making an audit authorized by law of such 

program or activity, and 

(II) pursuant to a written request by the Comptroller General of the United States to the head of 

such Federal agency. 

(ii) INFORMATION FROM SECRETARY.—If the Comptroller General of the United States determines that 

the returns or return information available under 

clause (i) are not sufficient for purposes of making an 

audit of any program or activity of a Federal agency 

(other than an agency referred to in subparagraph 

(A)), upon written request by the Comptroller General 

to the Secretary, returns and return information (of 

the type authorized by subsection (l) or (m) to be made 

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gram or activity) shall be open to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of the Government 

Accountability Office for the purpose of, and to the extent necessary in, making such audit. 

(iii) REQUIREMENT OF NOTIFICATION UPON COMPLE- TION OF AUDIT.—Within 90 days after the completion 

of an audit with respect to which returns or return information were opened to inspection or disclosed under 

clause (i) or (ii), the Comptroller General of the United 

States shall notify in writing the Joint Committee on 

Taxation of such completion. Such notice shall include— 

(I) a description of the use of the returns and return information by the Federal agency involved, 

(II) such recommendations with respect to the 

use of returns and return information by such 

Federal agency as the Comptroller General deems 

appropriate, and 

(III) a statement on the impact of any such recommendations on confidentiality of returns and 

return information and the administration of this 

title. 

(iv) CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS MADE APPLICABLE.—The 

restrictions contained in subparagraph (A) on the disclosure of any returns or return information open to 

inspection or disclosed under such subparagraph shall 

also apply to returns and return information open to 

inspection or disclosed under this subparagraph. 

(C) DISAPPROVAL BY JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION.— 

Returns and return information shall not be open to inspection or disclosed under subparagraph (A) or (B) with 

respect to an audit— 

(i) unless the Comptroller General of the United 

States notifies in writing the Joint Committee on Taxation of such audit, and 

(ii) if the Joint Committee on Taxation disapproves 

such audit by a vote of at least two-thirds of its members within the 30-day period beginning on the day 

the Joint Committee on Taxation receives such notice. 

(j) STATISTICAL USE.— 

(1) DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.—Upon request in writing by 

the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary shall furnish— 

(A) such returns, or return information reflected thereon, 

to officers and employees of the Bureau of the Census, and 

(B) such return information reflected on returns of corporations to officers and employees of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, 

as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation for the purpose 

of, but only to the extent necessary in, the structuring of censuses and national economic accounts and conducting related 

statistical activities authorized by law. 

(2) FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION.—Upon request in writing 

by the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, the Secretary shall furnish such return information reflected on any 

return of a corporation with respect to the tax imposed by 


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chapter 1 to officers and employees of the Division of Financial 

Statistics of the Bureau of Economics of such commission as 

the Secretary may prescribe by regulation for the purpose of, 

but only to the extent necessary in, administration by such division of legally authorized economic surveys of corporations. 

(3) DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY.—Returns and return information shall be open to inspection by or disclosure to officers 

and employees of the Department of the Treasury whose official duties require such inspection or disclosure for the purpose 

of, but only to the extent necessary in, preparing economic or 

financial forecasts, projections, analyses, and statistical studies 

and conducting related activities. Such inspection or disclosure 

shall be permitted only upon written request which sets forth 

the specific reason or reasons why such inspection or disclosure 

is necessary and which is signed by the head of the bureau or 

office of the Department of the Treasury requesting the inspection or disclosure. 

(4) ANONYMOUS FORM.—No person who receives a return or 

return information under this subsection shall disclose such return or return information to any person other than the taxpayer to whom it relates except in a form which cannot be associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a 

particular taxpayer. 

(5) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.—Upon request in writing 

by the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary shall furnish 

such returns, or return information reflected thereon, as the 

Secretary may prescribe by regulation to officers and employees of the Department of Agriculture whose official duties require access to such returns or information for the purpose of, 

but only to the extent necessary in, structuring, preparing, and 

conducting the census of agriculture pursuant to the Census of 

Agriculture Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-113). 

(6) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE.—Upon written request 

by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary shall furnish to officers and employees of the Congressional Budget Office return information for the purpose of, but 

only to the extent necessary for, long-term models of the social 

security and medicare programs. 

(k) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION

FOR TAX ADMINISTRATION PURPOSES.— 

(1) DISCLOSURE OF ACCEPTED OFFERS-IN-COMPROMISE.—Return information shall be disclosed to members of the general 

public to the extent necessary to permit inspection of any accepted offer-in-compromise under section 7122 relating to the 

liability for a tax imposed by this title. 

(2) DISCLOSURE OF AMOUNT OF OUTSTANDING LIEN.—If a notice of lien has been filed pursuant to section 6323(f), the 

amount of the outstanding obligation secured by such lien may 

be disclosed to any person who furnishes satisfactory written 

evidence that he has a right in the property subject to such 

lien or intends to obtain a right in such property. 

(3) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CORRECT

MISSTATEMENTS OF FACT.—The Secretary may, but only following approval by the Joint Committee on Taxation, disclose 

such return information or any other information with respect 


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to any specific taxpayer to the extent necessary for tax administration purposes to correct a misstatement of fact published 

or disclosed with respect to such taxpayer’s return or any 

transaction of the taxpayer with the Internal Revenue Service. 

(4) DISCLOSURE OF COMPETENT AUTHORITY UNDER INCOME

TAX CONVENTION.—A return or return information may be disclosed to a competent authority of a foreign government which 

has an income tax or gift and estate tax convention, or other 

convention or bilateral agreement relating to the exchange of 

tax information, with the United States but only to the extent 

provided in, and subject to the terms and conditions of, such 

convention or bilateral agreement. 

(5) STATE AGENCIES REGULATING TAX RETURN PREPARERS.— 

Taxpayer identity information with respect to any tax return 

preparer, and information as to whether or not any penalty 

has been assessed against such tax return preparer under section 6694, 6695, or 7216, may be furnished to any agency, 

body, or commission lawfully charged under any State or local 

law with the licensing, registration, or regulation of tax return 

preparers. Such information may be furnished only upon written request by the head of such agency, body, or commission 

designating the officers or employees to whom such information is to be furnished. Information may be furnished and used 

under this paragraph only for purposes of the licensing, registration, or regulation of tax return preparers. 

(6) DISCLOSURE BY CERTAIN OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES FOR

INVESTIGATIVE PURPOSES.—An internal revenue officer or employee and an officer or employee of the Office of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration may, in connection 

with his official duties relating to any audit, collection activity, 

or civil or criminal tax investigation or any other offense under 

the internal revenue laws, disclose return information to the 

extent that such disclosure is necessary in obtaining information, which is not otherwise reasonably available, with respect 

to the correct determination of tax, liability for tax, or the 

amount to be collected or with respect to the enforcement of 

any other provision of this title. Such disclosures shall be made 

only in such situations and under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation. 

(7) DISCLOSURE OF EXCISE TAX REGISTRATION INFORMATION.— 

To the extent the Secretary determines that disclosure is necessary to permit the effective administration of subtitle D, the 

Secretary may disclose— 

(A) the name, address, and registration number of each 

person who is registered under any provision of subtitle D 

(and, in the case of a registered terminal operator, the address of each terminal operated by such operator), and 

(B) the registration status of any person. 

(8) LEVIES ON CERTAIN GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS.— (A) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION IN LEVIES ON

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE.—In serving a notice of 

levy, or release of such levy, with respect to any applicable 

government payment, the Secretary may disclose to officers and employees of the Financial Management Service— 


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(i) return information, including taxpayer identity 

information, 

(ii) the amount of any unpaid liability under this 

title (including penalties and interest), and 

(iii) the type of tax and tax period to which such unpaid liability relates. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— Return information disclosed under subparagraph (A) may 

be used by officers and employees of the Financial Management Service only for the purpose of, and to the extent 

necessary in, transferring levied funds in satisfaction of 

the levy, maintaining appropriate agency records in regard 

to such levy or the release thereof, notifying the taxpayer 

and the agency certifying such payment that the levy has 

been honored, or in the defense of any litigation ensuing 

from the honor of such levy. 

(C) APPLICABLE GOVERNMENT PAYMENT.—For purposes of 

this paragraph, the term ‘‘applicable government payment’’ 

means— 

(i) any Federal payment (other than a payment for 

which eligibility is based on the income or assets (or 

both) of a payee) certified to the Financial Management Service for disbursement, and 

(ii) any other payment which is certified to the Financial Management Service for disbursement and 

which the Secretary designates by published notice. 

(9) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO ADMINISTER SECTION

6311.—The Secretary may disclose returns or return information to financial institutions and others to the extent the Secretary deems necessary for the administration of section 6311. 

Disclosures of information for purposes other than to accept 

payments by checks or money orders shall be made only to the 

extent authorized by written procedures promulgated by the 

Secretary. 

(10) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMA- TION TO CERTAIN PRISON OFFICIALS.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Under such procedures as the Secretary may prescribe, the Secretary may disclose to officers 

and employees of the Federal Bureau of Prisons and of any 

State agency charged with the responsibility for administration of prisons any returns or return information with 

respect to individuals incarcerated in Federal or State 

prison systems whom the Secretary has determined may 

have filed or facilitated the filing of a false or fraudulent 

return to the extent that the Secretary determines that 

such disclosure is necessary to permit effective Federal tax 

administration. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO CONTRACTOR-RUN PRISONS.—Under 

such procedures as the Secretary may prescribe, the disclosures authorized by subparagraph (A) may be made to contractors responsible for the operation of a Federal or State 

prison on behalf of such Bureau or agency. 

(C) RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— 

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tent necessary in taking administrative action to prevent 

the filing of false and fraudulent returns, including administrative actions to address possible violations of administrative rules and regulations of the prison facility and in 

administrative and judicial proceedings arising from such 

administrative actions. 

(D) RESTRICTIONS ON REDISCLOSURE AND DISCLOSURE TO

LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES.—Notwithstanding subsection 

(h)— 

(i) RESTRICTIONS ON REDISCLOSURE.—Except as provided in clause (ii), any officer, employee, or contractor 

of the Federal Bureau of Prisons or of any State agency charged with the responsibility for administration 

of prisons shall not disclose any information obtained 

under this paragraph to any person other than an officer or employee or contractor of such Bureau or agency personally and directly engaged in the administration of prison facilities on behalf of such Bureau or 

agency. 

(ii) DISCLOSURE TO LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES.—The 

returns and return information disclosed under this 

paragraph may be disclosed to the duly authorized 

legal representative of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, 

State agency, or contractor charged with the responsibility for administration of prisons, or of the incarcerated individual accused of filing the false or fraudulent 

return who is a party to an action or proceeding described in subparagraph (C), solely in preparation for, 

or for use in, such action or proceeding. 

(11) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO DEPARTMENT

OF STATE FOR PURPOSES OF PASSPORT REVOCATION UNDER SECTION 7345.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, upon receiving a 

certification described in section 7345, disclose to the Secretary of State return information with respect to a taxpayer who has a seriously delinquent tax debt described in 

such section. Such return information shall be limited to— 

(i) the taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer, and 

(ii) the amount of such seriously delinquent tax 

debt. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—Return information 

disclosed under subparagraph (A) may be used by officers 

and employees of the Department of State for the purposes 

of, and to the extent necessary in, carrying out the requirements of section 32101 of the FAST Act. 

(12) QUALIFIED TAX COLLECTION CONTRACTORS.—Persons providing services pursuant to a qualified tax collection contract 

under section 6306 may, if speaking to a person who has identified himself or herself as having the name of the taxpayer to 

which a tax receivable (within the meaning of such section) relates, identify themselves as contractors of the Internal Revenue Service and disclose the business name of the contractor, 

and the nature, subject, and reason for the contact. Disclosures 

under this paragraph shall be made only in such situations 


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and under such conditions as have been approved by the Secretary. 

(l) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION FOR PUR- POSES OTHER THAN TAX ADMINISTRATION.— (1) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMA- TION TO SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION AND RAILROAD RE- TIREMENT BOARD.—The Secretary may, upon written request, 

disclose returns and return information with respect to— 

(A) taxes imposed by chapters 2, 21, and 24, to the Social Security Administration for purposes of its administration of the Social Security Act; 

(B) a plan to which part I of subchapter D of chapter 1 

applies, to the Social Security Administration for purposes 

of carrying out its responsibility under section 1131 of the 

Social Security Act, limited, however to return information 

described in section 6057(d); and 

(C) taxes imposed by chapter 22, to the Railroad Retirement Board for purposes of its administration of the Railroad Retirement Act. 

(2) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY

CORPORATION.—The Secretary may, upon written request, furnish returns and return information to the proper officers and 

employees of the Department of Labor and the Pension Benefit 

Guaranty Corporation for purposes of, but only to the extent 

necessary in, the administration of titles I and IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. 

(3) DISCLOSURE THAT APPLICANT FOR FEDERAL LOAN HAS TAX

DELINQUENT ACCOUNT.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request, the Secretary 

may disclose to the head of the Federal agency administering any included Federal loan program whether or not 

an applicant for a loan under such program has a tax delinquent account. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—Any disclosure under 

subparagraph (A) shall be made only for the purpose of, 

and to the extent necessary in, determining the creditworthiness of the applicant for the loan in question. 

(C) INCLUDED FEDERAL LOAN PROGRAM DEFINED.—For 

purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘included Federal 

loan program’’ means any program under which the 

United States or a Federal agency makes, guarantees, or 

insures loans. 

(4) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION FOR

USE IN PERSONNEL OR CLAIMANT REPRESENTATIVE MATTERS.— 

The Secretary may disclose returns and return information— 

(A) upon written request— 

(i) to an employee or former employee of the Department of the Treasury, or to the duly authorized legal 

representative of such employee or former employee, 

who is or may be a party to any administrative action 

or proceeding affecting the personnel rights of such 

employee or former employee; or 

(ii) to any person, or to the duly authorized legal 

representative of such person, whose rights are or may 


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be affected by an administrative action or proceeding 

under section 330 of title 31, United States Code, 

solely for use in the action or proceeding, or in preparation 

for the action or proceeding, but only to the extent that the 

Secretary determines that such returns or return information is or may be relevant and material to the action or 

proceeding; or 

(B) to officers and employees of the Department of the 

Treasury for use in any action or proceeding described in 

subparagraph (A), or in preparation for such action or proceeding, to the extent necessary to advance or protect the 

interests of the United States. 

(5) SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.—Upon written request by the Commissioner of Social Security, the Secretary 

may disclose information returns filed pursuant to part III of 

subchapter A of chapter 61 of this subtitle for the purpose of— 

(A) carrying out, in accordance with an agreement entered into pursuant to section 232 of the Social Security 

Act, an effective return processing program; or 

(B) providing information regarding the mortality status 

of individuals for epidemiological and similar research in 

accordance with section 1106(d) of the Social Security Act. 

(6) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO FEDERAL, STATE, 

AND LOCAL CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— 

(A) RETURN INFORMATION FROM INTERNAL REVENUE

SERVICE.—The Secretary may, upon written request, disclose to the appropriate Federal, State, or local child support enforcement agency— 

(i) available return information from the master files 

of the Internal Revenue Service relating to the social 

security account number (or numbers, if the individual 

involved has more than one such number), address, filing status, amounts and nature of income, and the 

number of dependents reported on any return filed by, 

or with respect to, any individual with respect to 

whom child support obligations are sought to be established or enforced pursuant to the provisions of part D 

of title IV of the Social Security Act and with respect 

to any individual to whom such support obligations 

are owing, and 

(ii) available return information reflected on any return filed by, or with respect to, any individual described in clause (i) relating to the amount of such individual’s gross income (as defined in section 61) or 

consisting of the names and addresses of payors of 

such income and the names of any dependents reported on such return, but only if such return information is not reasonably available from any other source. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO CERTAIN AGENTS.—The following information disclosed to any child support enforcement agency under subparagraph (A) with respect to any individual 

with respect to whom child support obligations are sought 

to be established or enforced may be disclosed by such 

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tract with such agency to carry out the purposes described 

in subparagraph (C): 

(i) The address and social security account number 

(or numbers) of such individual. 

(ii) The amount of any reduction under section 

6402(c) (relating to offset of past-due support against 

overpayments) in any overpayment otherwise payable 

to such individual. 

(C) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—Information may be 

disclosed under this paragraph only for purposes of, and to 

the extent necessary in, establishing and collecting child 

support obligations from, and locating, individuals owing 

such obligations. 

(7) Disclosure of return information to Federal, State, and 

local agencies administering certain programs under the Social 

Security Act, the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 of 1977, or 

title 38, United States Code, or certain housing assistance programs 

(A) RETURN INFORMATION FROM SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.—The Commissioner of Social Security shall, 

upon written request, disclose return information from returns with respect to net earnings from self-employment 

(as defined in section 1402), wages (as defined in section 

3121(a) or 3401(a)), and payments of retirement income, 

which have been disclosed to the Social Security Administration as provided by paragraph (1) or (5) of this subsection, to any Federal, State, or local agency administering a program listed in subparagraph (D). 

(B) RETURN INFORMATION FROM INTERNAL REVENUE

SERVICE.—The Secretary shall, upon written request, disclose current return information from returns with respect 

to unearned income from the Internal Revenue Service 

files to any Federal, State, or local agency administering 

a program listed in subparagraph (D). 

(C) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The Commissioner of 

Social Security and the Secretary shall disclose return information under subparagraphs (A) and (B) only for purposes of, and to the extent necessary in, determining eligibility for, or the correct amount of, benefits under a program listed in subparagraph (D). 

(D) PROGRAMS TO WHICH RULE APPLIES.—The programs 

to which this paragraph applies are: 

(i) a State program funded under part A of title IV 

of the Social Security Act; 

(ii) medical assistance provided under a State plan 

approved under title XIX of the Social Security Act or 

subsidies provided under section 1860D-14 of such Act; 

(iii) supplemental security income benefits provided 

under title XVI of the Social Security Act, and federally administered supplementary payments of the type 

described in section 1616(a) of such Act (including payments pursuant to an agreement entered into under 

section 212(a) of Public Law 93-66); 

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rity Act (as those titles apply to Puerto Rico, Guam, 

and the Virgin Islands); 

(v) unemployment compensation provided under a 

State law described in section 3304 of this title; 

(vi) assistance provided under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008; 

(vii) State-administered supplementary payments of 

the type described in section 1616(a) of the Social Security Act (including payments pursuant to an agreement entered into under section 212(a) of Public Law 

93-66); 

(viii)(I) any needs-based pension provided under 

chapter 15 of title 38, United States Code, or under 

any other law administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs; 

(II) parents’ dependency and indemnity compensation provided under section 1315 of title 38, 

United States Code; 

(III) health-care services furnished under sections 1710(a)(2)(G), 1710(a)(3), and 1710(b) of such 

title; and 

(IV) compensation paid under chapter 11 of title 

38, United States Code, at the 100 percent rate 

based solely on unemployability and without regard to the fact that the disability or disabilities 

are not rated as 100 percent disabling under the 

rating schedule; and 

(ix) any housing assistance program administered by 

the Department of Housing and Urban Development 

that involves initial and periodic review of an applicant’s or participant’s income, except that return information may be disclosed under this clause only on 

written request by the Secretary of Housing and 

Urban Development and only for use by officers and 

employees of the Department of Housing and Urban 

Development with respect to applicants for and participants in such programs. 

Only return information from returns with respect to net 

earnings from self-employment and wages may be disclosed under this paragraph for use with respect to any 

program described in clause (viii)(IV). 

(8) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURN INFORMATION BY SOCIAL

SECURITY ADMINISTRATION TO FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request, the Commissioner of Social Security shall disclose directly to officers 

and employees of a Federal or State or local child support 

enforcement agency return information from returns with 

respect to social security account numbers, net earnings 

from self-employment (as defined in section 1402), wages 

(as defined in section 3121(a) or 3401(a)), and payments of 

retirement income which have been disclosed to the Social 

Security Administration as provided by paragraph (1) or 

(5) of this subsection. 


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(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The Commissioner of 

Social Security shall disclose return information under 

subparagraph (A) only for purposes of, and to the extent 

necessary in, establishing and collecting child support obligations from, and locating, individuals owing such obligations. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 

‘‘child support obligations’’ only includes obligations which 

are being enforced pursuant to a plan described in section 

454 of the Social Security Act which has been approved by 

the Secretary of Health and Human Services under part D 

of title IV of such Act. 

(C) STATE OR LOCAL CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT AGENCY.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘State or 

local child support enforcement agency’’ means any agency 

of a State or political subdivision thereof operating pursuant to a plan described in subparagraph (B). 

(9) DISCLOSURE OF ALCOHOL FUEL PRODUCERS TO ADMINIS- TRATORS OF STATE ALCOHOL LAWS.—Notwithstanding any other 

provision of this section, the Secretary may disclose— 

(A) the name and address of any person who is qualified 

to produce alcohol for fuel use under section 5181, and 

(B) the location of any premises to be used by such person in producing alcohol for fuel, 

to any State agency, body, or commission, or its legal representative, which is charged under the laws of such State 

with responsibility for administration of State alcohol laws 

solely for use in the administration of such laws. 

(10) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN INFORMATION TO AGENCIES REQUESTING A REDUCTION UNDER SUBSECTION (C), (D), (E), OR (F) OF

SECTION 6402.— 

(A) RETURN INFORMATION FROM INTERNAL REVENUE

SERVICE.—The Secretary may, upon receiving a written request, disclose to officers and employees of any agency 

seeking a reduction under subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f) of 

section 6402, to officers and employees of the Department 

of Labor for purposes of facilitating the exchange of data 

in connection with a request made under subsection (f)(5) 

of section 6402, and to officers and employees of the Department of the Treasury in connection with such reduction— 

(i) taxpayer identity information with respect to the 

taxpayer against whom such a reduction was made or 

not made and with respect to any other person filing 

a joint return with such taxpayer, 

(ii) the fact that a reduction has been made or has 

not been made under such subsection with respect to 

such taxpayer, 

(iii) the amount of such reduction, 

(iv) whether such taxpayer filed a joint return, and 

(v) the fact that a payment was made (and the 

amount of the payment) to the spouse of the taxpayer 

on the basis of a joint return. 

(B)(i) Restriction on use of disclosed information 

Any officers and employees of an agency receiving return 

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mation only for the purposes of, and to the extent necessary in, establishing appropriate agency records, locating 

any person with respect to whom a reduction under subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f) of section 6402 is sought for purposes of collecting the debt with respect to which the reduction is sought, or in the defense of any litigation or administrative procedure ensuing from a reduction made 

under subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f) of section 6402 and to 

officers and employees of the Department of the Treasury 

in connection with such reduction. 

(ii) Notwithstanding clause (i), return information 

disclosed to officers and employees of the Department 

of Labor may be accessed by agents who maintain and 

provide technological support to the Department of Labor’s Interstate Connection Network (ICON) solely for 

the purpose of providing such maintenance and support. 

(11) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CARRY OUT

FEDERAL EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commissioner of Social Security 

shall, on written request, disclose to the Office of Personnel Management return information from returns with 

respect to net earnings from self-employment (as defined 

in section 1402), wages (as defined in section 3121(a) or 

3401(a)), and payments of retirement income, which have 

been disclosed to the Social Security Administration as 

provided by paragraph (1) or (5). 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The Commissioner of 

Social Security shall disclose return information under 

subparagraph (A) only for purposes of, and to the extent 

necessary in, the administration of chapters 83 and 84 of 

title 5, United States Code. 

(12) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN TAXPAYER IDENTITY INFORMA- TION FOR VERIFICATION OF EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF MEDICARE

BENEFICIARY AND SPOUSE OF MEDICARE BENEFICIARY.— (A) RETURN INFORMATION FROM INTERNAL REVENUE

SERVICE.—The Secretary shall, upon written request from 

the Commissioner of Social Security, disclose to the Commissioner available filing status and taxpayer identity information from the individual master files of the Internal 

Revenue Service relating to whether any medicare beneficiary identified by the Commissioner was a married individual (as defined in section 7703) for any specified year 

after 1986, and, if so, the name of the spouse of such individual and such spouse’s TIN. 

(B) RETURN INFORMATION FROM SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.—The Commissioner of Social Security shall, 

upon written request from the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, disclose to the Administrator the following information: 

(i) The name and TIN of each medicare beneficiary 

who is identified as having received wages (as defined 

in section 3401(a)), above an amount (if any) specified 

by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, from 

a qualified employer in a previous year. 


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(ii) For each medicare beneficiary who was identified 

as married under subparagraph (A) and whose spouse 

is identified as having received wages, above an 

amount (if any) specified by the Secretary of Health 

and Human Services, from a qualified employer in a 

previous year— 

(I) the name and TIN of the medicare beneficiary, and 

(II) the name and TIN of the spouse. 

(iii) With respect to each such qualified employer, 

the name, address, and TIN of the employer and the 

number of individuals with respect to whom written 

statements were furnished under section 6051 by the 

employer with respect to such previous year. 

(C) DISCLOSURE BY CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID

SERVICES.—With respect to the information disclosed 

under subparagraph (B), the Administrator of the Centers 

for Medicare & Medicaid Services may disclose— 

(i) to the qualified employer referred to in such subparagraph the name and TIN of each individual identified under such subparagraph as having received 

wages from the employer (hereinafter in this subparagraph referred to as the ‘‘employee’’) for purposes of 

determining during what period such employee or the 

employee’s spouse may be (or have been) covered 

under a group health plan of the employer and what 

benefits are or were covered under the plan (including 

the name, address, and identifying number of the 

plan), 

(ii) to any group health plan which provides or provided coverage to such an employee or spouse, the 

name of such employee and the employee’s spouse (if 

the spouse is a medicare beneficiary) and the name 

and address of the employer, and, for the purpose of 

presenting a claim to the plan— 

(I) the TIN of such employee if benefits were 

paid under title XVIII of the Social Security Act 

with respect to the employee during a period in 

which the plan was a primary plan (as defined in 

section 1862(b)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act), 

and 

(II) the TIN of such spouse if benefits were paid 

under such title with respect to the spouse during 

such period, and 

(iii) to any agent of such Administrator the information referred to in subparagraph (B) for purposes of 

carrying out clauses (i) and (ii) on behalf of such Administrator. 

(D) SPECIAL RULES.— 

(i) RESTRICTIONS ON DISCLOSURE.—Information may 

be disclosed under this paragraph only for purposes of, 

and to the extent necessary in, determining the extent 

to which any medicare beneficiary is covered under 

any group health plan. 


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(ii) TIMELY RESPONSE TO REQUESTS.—Any request 

made under subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be complied 

with as soon as possible but in no event later than 120 

days after the date the request was made. 

(E) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this paragraph— 

(i) MEDICARE BENEFICIARY.—The term ‘‘medicare 

beneficiary’’ means an individual entitled to benefits 

under part A, or enrolled under part B, of title XVIII 

of the Social Security Act, but does not include such 

an individual enrolled in part A under section 1818. 

(ii) GROUP HEALTH PLAN.—The term ‘‘group health 

plan’’ means any group health plan (as defined in section 5000(b)(1)). 

(iii) QUALIFIED EMPLOYER.—The term ‘‘qualified employer’’ means, for a calendar year, an employer which 

has furnished written statements under section 6051 

with respect to at least 20 individuals for wages paid 

in the year. 

(13) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CARRY OUT INCOME CONTINGENT REPAYMENT OF STUDENT LOANS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may, upon written request from the Secretary of Education, disclose to officers 

and employees of the Department of Education return information with respect to a taxpayer who has received an 

applicable student loan and whose loan repayment 

amounts are based in whole or in part on the taxpayer’s 

income. Such return information shall be limited to— 

(i) taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer, 

(ii) the filing status of such taxpayer, and 

(iii) the adjusted gross income of such taxpayer. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— 

Return information disclosed under subparagraph (A) may 

be used by officers and employees of the Department of 

Education only for the purposes of, and to the extent necessary in, establishing the appropriate income contingent 

repayment amount for an applicable student loan. 

(C) APPLICABLE STUDENT LOAN.—For purposes of this 

paragraph, the term ‘‘applicable student loan’’ means— 

(i) any loan made under the program authorized 

under part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act 

of 1965, and 

(ii) any loan made under part B or E of title IV of 

the Higher Education Act of 1965 which is in default 

and has been assigned to the Department of Education. 

(D) TERMINATION.—This paragraph shall not apply to 

any request made after December 31, 2007. 

(14) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO UNITED STATES

CUSTOMS SERVICE.—The Secretary may, upon written request 

from the Commissioner of the United States Customs Service, 

disclose to officers and employees of the Department of the 

Treasury such return information with respect to taxes imposed by chapters 1 and 6 as the Secretary may prescribe by 


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regulations, solely for the purpose of, and only to the extent 

necessary in— 

(A) ascertaining the correctness of any entry in audits as 

provided for in section 509 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 

U.S.C. 1509), or 

(B) other actions to recover any loss of revenue, or to collect duties, taxes, and fees, determined to be due and 

owing pursuant to such audits. 

(15) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS FILED UNDER SECTION 6050I.— 

The Secretary may, upon written request, disclose to officers 

and employees of— 

(A) any Federal agency, 

(B) any agency of a State or local government, or 

(C) any agency of the government of a foreign country, 

information contained on returns filed under section 6050I. 

Any such disclosure shall be made on the same basis, and 

subject to the same conditions, as apply to disclosures of 

information on reports filed under section 5313 of title 31, 

United States Code; except that no disclosure under this 

paragraph shall be made for purposes of the administration of any tax law. 

(16) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION FOR PURPOSES OF

ADMINISTERING THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA RETIREMENT PROTECTION ACT OF 1997.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request available return 

information (including such information disclosed to the 

Social Security Administration under paragraph (1) or (5) 

of this subsection), relating to the amount of wage income 

(as defined in section 3121(a) or 3401(a)), the name, address, and identifying number assigned under section 

6109, of payors of wage income, taxpayer identity (as defined in subsection 6103 (b)(6)), and the occupational status reflected on any return filed by, or with respect to, any 

individual with respect to whom eligibility for, or the correct amount of, benefits under the District of Columbia Retirement Protection Act of 1997, is sought to be determined, shall be disclosed by the Commissioner of Social 

Security, or to the extent not available from the Social Security Administration, by the Secretary, to any duly authorized officer or employee of the Department of the 

Treasury, or a Trustee or any designated officer or employee of a Trustee (as defined in the District of Columbia 

Retirement Protection Act of 1997), or any actuary engaged by a Trustee under the terms of the District of Columbia Retirement Protection Act of 1997, whose official 

duties require such disclosure, solely for the purpose of, 

and to the extent necessary in, determining an individual’s 

eligibility for, or the correct amount of, benefits under the 

District of Columbia Retirement Protection Act of 1997. 

(B) DISCLOSURE FOR USE IN JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE

PROCEEDINGS.—Return information disclosed to any person 

under this paragraph may be disclosed in a judicial or administrative proceeding relating to the determination of an 

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fits under the District of Columbia Retirement Protection 

Act of 1997. 

(17) DISCLOSURE TO NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS AD- MINISTRATION.—The Secretary shall, upon written request from 

the Archivist of the United States, disclose or authorize the 

disclosure of returns and return information to officers and employees of the National Archives and Records Administration 

for purposes of, and only to the extent necessary in, the appraisal of records for destruction or retention. No such officer 

or employee shall, except to the extent authorized by subsection (f), (i)(8), or (p), disclose any return or return information disclosed under the preceding sentence to any person 

other than to the Secretary, or to another officer or employee 

of the National Archives and Records Administration whose official duties require such disclosure for purposes of such appraisal. 

(18) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION FOR PURPOSES OF

CARRYING OUT A PROGRAM FOR ADVANCE PAYMENT OF CREDIT

FOR HEALTH INSURANCE COSTS OF ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUALS.—The 

Secretary may disclose to providers of health insurance for any 

certified individual (as defined in section 7527(c)) return information with respect to such certified individual only to the extent necessary to carry out the program established by section 

7527 (relating to advance payment of credit for health insurance costs of eligible individuals). 

(19) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION FOR PURPOSES OF

PROVIDING TRANSITIONAL ASSISTANCE UNDER MEDICARE DIS- COUNT CARD PROGRAM.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, upon written request 

from the Secretary of Health and Human Services pursuant to carrying out section 1860D-31 of the Social Security 

Act, shall disclose to officers, employees, and contractors of 

the Department of Health and Human Services with respect to a taxpayer for the applicable year— 

(i)(I) whether the adjusted gross income, as modified 

in accordance with specifications of the Secretary of 

Health and Human Services for purposes of carrying 

out such section, of such taxpayer and, if applicable, 

such taxpayer’s spouse, for the applicable year, exceeds the amounts specified by the Secretary of Health 

and Human Services in order to apply the 100 and 135 

percent of the poverty lines under such section, (II) 

whether the return was a joint return, and (III) the 

applicable year, or 

(ii) if applicable, the fact that there is no return filed 

for such taxpayer for the applicable year. 

(B) DEFINITION OF APPLICABLE YEAR.—For the purposes 

of this subsection, the term ‘‘applicable year’’ means the 

most recent taxable year for which information is available 

in the Internal Revenue Service’s taxpayer data information systems, or, if there is no return filed for such taxpayer for such year, the prior taxable year. 

(C) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— 

Return information disclosed under this paragraph may be 

used only for the purposes of determining eligibility for 


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and administering transitional assistance under section 

1860D-31 of the Social Security Act. 

(20) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CARRY OUT

MEDICARE PART B PREMIUM SUBSIDY ADJUSTMENT AND PART D 

BASE BENEFICIARY PREMIUM INCREASE.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, upon written request from the Commissioner of Social Security, disclose to 

officers, employees, and contractors of the Social Security 

Administration return information of a taxpayer whose 

premium (according to the records of the Secretary) may 

be subject to adjustment under section 1839(i) or increase 

under section 1860D-13(a)(7) of the Social Security Act. 

Such return information shall be limited to— 

(i) taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer, 

(ii) the filing status of such taxpayer, 

(iii) the adjusted gross income of such taxpayer, 

(iv) the amounts excluded from such taxpayer’s 

gross income under sections 135 and 911 to the extent 

such information is available, 

(v) the interest received or accrued during the taxable year which is exempt from the tax imposed by 

chapter 1 to the extent such information is available, 

(vi) the amounts excluded from such taxpayer’s 

gross income by sections 931 and 933 to the extent 

such information is available, 

(vii) such other information relating to the liability 

of the taxpayer as is prescribed by the Secretary by 

regulation as might indicate in the case of a taxpayer 

who is an individual described in subsection 

(i)(4)(B)(iii) of section 1839 of the Social Security Act 

that the amount of the premium of the taxpayer under 

such section may be subject to adjustment under subsection (i) of such section or increase under section 

1860D-13(a)(7) of such Act and the amount of such adjustment, and 

(viii) the taxable year with respect to which the preceding information relates. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— (i) IN GENERAL.—Return information disclosed under 

subparagraph (A) may be used by officers, employees, 

and contractors of the Social Security Administration 

only for the purposes of, and to the extent necessary 

in, establishing the appropriate amount of any premium adjustment under such section 1839(i) or increase under such section 1860D-13(a)(7) or for the 

purpose of resolving taxpayer appeals with respect to 

any such premium adjustment or increase. 

(ii) DISCLOSURE TO OTHER AGENCIES.—Officers, employees, and contractors of the Social Security Administration may disclose— 

(I) the taxpayer identity information and the 

amount of the premium subsidy adjustment or 

premium increase with respect to a taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) to officers, employees, 


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and contractors of the Centers for Medicare and 

Medicaid Services, to the extent that such disclosure is necessary for the collection of the premium 

subsidy amount or the increased premium 

amount, 

(II) the taxpayer identity information and the 

amount of the premium subsidy adjustment or the 

increased premium amount with respect to a taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) to officers 

and employees of the Office of Personnel Management and the Railroad Retirement Board, to the 

extent that such disclosure is necessary for the 

collection of the premium subsidy amount or the 

increased premium amount, 

(III) return information with respect to a taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) to officers 

and employees of the Department of Health and 

Human Services to the extent necessary to resolve 

administrative appeals of such premium subsidy 

adjustment or increased premium, and 

(IV) return information with respect to a taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) to officers 

and employees of the Department of Justice for 

use in judicial proceedings to the extent necessary 

to carry out the purposes described in clause (i). 

(21) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CARRY OUT ELI- GIBILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN PROGRAMS.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, upon written request 

from the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall 

disclose to officers, employees, and contractors of the Department of Health and Human Services return information of any taxpayer whose income is relevant in determining any premium tax credit under section 36B or any 

cost-sharing reduction under section 1402 of the Patient 

Protection and Affordable Care Act or eligibility for participation in a State medicaid program under title XIX of the 

Social Security Act, a State’s children’s health insurance 

program under title XXI of the Social Security Act, or a 

basic health program under section 1331 of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Such return information 

shall be limited to— 

(i) taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer, 

(ii) the filing status of such taxpayer, 

(iii) the number of individuals for whom a deduction 

is allowed under section 151 with respect to the taxpayer (including the taxpayer and the taxpayer’s 

spouse), 

(iv) the modified adjusted gross income (as defined 

in section 36B) of such taxpayer and each of the other 

individuals included under clause (iii) who are required to file a return of tax imposed by chapter 1 for 

the taxable year, 

(v) such other information as is prescribed by the 

Secretary by regulation as might indicate whether the 


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taxpayer is eligible for such credit or reduction (and 

the amount thereof), and 

(vi) the taxable year with respect to which the preceding information relates or, if applicable, the fact 

that such information is not available. 

(B) INFORMATION TO EXCHANGE AND STATE AGENCIES.— The Secretary of Health and Human Services may disclose 

to an Exchange established under the Patient Protection 

and Affordable Care Act or its contractors, or to a State 

agency administering a State program described in subparagraph (A) or its contractors, any inconsistency between the information provided by the Exchange or State 

agency to the Secretary and the information provided to 

the Secretary under subparagraph (A). 

(C) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— 

Return information disclosed under subparagraph (A) or 

(B) may be used by officers, employees, and contractors of 

the Department of Health and Human Services, an Exchange, or a State agency only for the purposes of, and to 

the extent necessary in— 

(i) establishing eligibility for participation in the Exchange, and verifying the appropriate amount of, any 

credit or reduction described in subparagraph (A), 

(ii) determining eligibility for participation in the 

State programs described in subparagraph (A). 

(22) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO DEPARTMENT

OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FOR PURPOSES OF ENHANC- ING MEDICARE PROGRAM INTEGRITY.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, upon written request from the Secretary of Health and Human Services, 

disclose to officers and employees of the Department of 

Health and Human Services return information with respect to a taxpayer who has applied to enroll, or reenroll, 

as a provider of services or supplier under the Medicare 

program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act. Such 

return information shall be limited to— 

(i) the taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer; 

(ii) the amount of the delinquent tax debt owed by 

that taxpayer; and 

(iii) the taxable year to which the delinquent tax 

debt pertains. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—Return information 

disclosed under subparagraph (A) may be used by officers 

and employees of the Department of Health and Human 

Services for the purposes of, and to the extent necessary 

in, establishing the taxpayer’s eligibility for enrollment or 

reenrollment in the Medicare program, or in any administrative or judicial proceeding relating to, or arising from, 

a denial of such enrollment or reenrollment, or in determining the level of enhanced oversight to be applied with 

respect to such taxpayer pursuant to section 1866(j)(3) of 

the Social Security Act. 

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standing debt under this title for which a notice of lien has 

been filed pursuant to section 6323, but the term does not 

include a debt that is being paid in a timely manner pursuant to an agreement under section 6159 or 7122, or a 

debt with respect to which a collection due process hearing 

under section 6330 is requested, pending, or completed and 

no payment is required. 

(m) DISCLOSURE OF TAXPAYER IDENTITY INFORMATION.— 

(1) TAX REFUNDS.—The Secretary may disclose taxpayer 

identity information to the press and other media for purposes 

of notifying persons entitled to tax refunds when the Secretary, 

after reasonable effort and lapse of time, has been unable to 

locate such persons. 

(2) FEDERAL CLAIMS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph 

(B), the Secretary may, upon written request, disclose the 

mailing address of a taxpayer for use by officers, employees, or agents of a Federal agency for purposes of locating 

such taxpayer to collect or compromise a Federal claim 

against the taxpayer in accordance with sections 3711, 

3717, and 3718 of title 31. 

(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCY.— 

In the case of an agent of a Federal agency which is a consumer reporting agency (within the meaning of section 

603(f) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 

1681a(f))), the mailing address of a taxpayer may be disclosed to such agent under subparagraph (A) only for the 

purpose of allowing such agent to prepare a commercial 

credit report on the taxpayer for use by such Federal agency in accordance with sections 3711, 3717, and 3718 of title 

31. 

(3) NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH.—Upon written request, the Secretary may disclose 

the mailing address of taxpayers to officers and employees of 

the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health solely for the purpose of locating individuals who are, or may have 

been, exposed to occupational hazards in order to determine 

the status of their health or to inform them of the possible 

need for medical care and treatment. 

(4) INDIVIDUALS WHO OWE AN OVERPAYMENT OF FEDERAL

PELL GRANTS OR WHO HAVE DEFAULTED ON STUDENT LOANS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request by the Secretary 

of Education, the Secretary may disclose the mailing address of any taxpayer— 

(i) who owes an overpayment of a grant awarded to 

such taxpayer under subpart 1 of part A of title IV of 

the Higher Education Act of 1965, or 

(ii) who has defaulted on a loan— 

(I) made under part B, D, or E of title IV of the 

Higher Education Act of 1965, or 

(II) made pursuant to section 3(a)(1) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 to a 

student at an institution of higher education, 


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for use only by officers, employees, or agents of the Department of Education for purposes of locating such taxpayer 

for purposes of collecting such overpayment or loan. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ETC..— Any mailing address disclosed under subparagraph (A)(i) 

may be disclosed by the Secretary of Education to— 

(i) any lender, or any State or nonprofit guarantee 

agency, which is participating under part B or D of 

title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, or 

(ii) any educational institution with which the Secretary of Education has an agreement under subpart 

1 of part A, or part D or E, of title IV of such Act, 

for use only by officers, employees, or agents of such lender, guarantee agency, or institution whose duties relate to 

the collection of student loans for purposes of locating individuals who have defaulted on student loans made under 

such loan programs for purposes of collecting such loans. 

(5) INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE DEFAULTED ON STUDENT LOANS

ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN

SERVICES.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request by the Secretary 

of Health and Human Services, the Secretary may disclose 

the mailing address of any taxpayer who has defaulted on 

a loan made under part C of title VII of the Public Health 

Service Act or under subpart II of part B of title VIII of 

such Act, for use only by officers, employees, or agents of 

the Department of Health and Human Services for purposes of locating such taxpayer for purposes of collecting 

such loan. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO SCHOOLS AND ELIGIBLE LENDERS.— 

Any mailing address disclosed under subparagraph (A) 

may be disclosed by the Secretary of Health and Human 

Services to— 

(i) any school with which the Secretary of Health 

and Human Services has an agreement under subpart 

II of part C of title VII of the Public Health Service 

Act or subpart II of part B of title VIII of such Act, 

or 

(ii) any eligible lender (within the meaning of section 737(4) of such Act) participating under subpart I 

of part C of title VII of such Act, 

for use only by officers, employees, or agents of such school 

or eligible lender whose duties relate to the collection of 

student loans for purposes of locating individuals who have 

defaulted on student loans made under such subparts for 

the purposes of collecting such loans. 

(6) BLOOD DONOR LOCATOR SERVICE.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request pursuant to section 1141 of the Social Security Act, the Secretary shall 

disclose the mailing address of taxpayers to officers and 

employees of the Blood Donor Locator Service in the Department of Health and Human Services. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The Secretary shall 

disclose return information under subparagraph (A) only 

for purposes of, and to the extent necessary in, assisting 


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under the Blood Donor Locator Service authorized persons 

(as defined in section 1141(h)(1) of the Social Security Act) 

in locating blood donors who, as indicated by donated blood 

or products derived therefrom or by the history of the subsequent use of such blood or blood products, have or may 

have the virus for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, 

in order to inform such donors of the possible need for 

medical care and treatment. 

(C) SAFEGUARDS.—The Secretary shall destroy all related blood donor records (as defined in section 1141(h)(2) 

of the Social Security Act) in the possession of the Department of the Treasury upon completion of their use in making the disclosure required under subparagraph (A), so as 

to make such records undisclosable. 

(7) SOCIAL SECURITY ACCOUNT STATEMENT FURNISHED BY SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.—Upon written request by the 

Commissioner of Social Security, the Secretary may disclose 

the mailing address of any taxpayer who is entitled to receive 

a social security account statement pursuant to section 1143(c) 

of the Social Security Act, for use only by officers, employees 

or agents of the Social Security Administration for purposes of 

mailing such statement to such taxpayer. 

(n) CERTAIN OTHER PERSONS.—Pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary, returns and return information may be 

disclosed to any person, including any person described in section 

7513(a), to the extent necessary in connection with the processing, 

storage, transmission, and reproduction of such returns and return 

information, the programming, maintenance, repair, testing, and 

procurement of equipment, and the providing of other services, for 

purposes of tax administration. 

(o) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION WITH

RESPECT TO CERTAIN TAXES.— 

(1) TAXES IMPOSED BY SUBTITLE E.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Returns and return information with 

respect to taxes imposed by subtitle E (relating to taxes on 

alcohol, tobacco, and firearms) shall be open to inspection 

by or disclosure to officers and employees of a Federal 

agency whose official duties require such inspection or disclosure. 

(B) USE IN CERTAIN PROCEEDINGS.—Returns and return 

information disclosed to a Federal agency under subparagraph (A) may be used in an action or proceeding (or in 

preparation for such action or proceeding) brought under 

section 625 of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 for 

the collection of any unpaid assessment or penalty arising 

under such Act. 

(2) TAXES IMPOSED BY CHAPTER 35.—Returns and return information with respect to taxes imposed by chapter 35 (relating 

to taxes on wagering) shall, notwithstanding any other provision of this section, be open to inspection by or disclosure only 

to such person or persons and for such purpose or purposes as 

are prescribed by section 4424. 

(p) PROCEDURE AND RECORDKEEPING.— 

(1) MANNER, TIME, AND PLACE OF INSPECTIONS.—Requests for 

the inspection or disclosure of a return or return information 


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and such inspection or disclosure shall be made in such manner and at such time and place as shall be prescribed by the 

Secretary. 

(2) PROCEDURE.— (A) REPRODUCTION OF RETURNS.—A reproduction or certified reproduction of a return shall, upon written request, 

be furnished to any person to whom disclosure or inspection of such return is authorized under this section. A reasonable fee may be prescribed for furnishing such reproduction or certified reproduction. 

(B) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION.—Return information disclosed to any person under the provisions of this 

title may be provided in the form of written documents, reproductions of such documents, films or photoimpressions, 

or electronically produced tapes, disks, or records, or by 

any other mode or means which the Secretary determines 

necessary or appropriate. A reasonable fee may be prescribed for furnishing such return information. 

(C) USE OF REPRODUCTIONS.—Any reproduction of any 

return, document, or other matter made in accordance 

with this paragraph shall have the same legal status as 

the original, and any such reproduction shall, if properly 

authenticated, be admissible in evidence in any judicial or 

administrative proceeding as if it were the original, whether or not the original is in existence. 

(3) RECORDS OF INSPECTION AND DISCLOSURE.— (A) SYSTEM OF RECORDKEEPING.—Except as otherwise 

provided by this paragraph, the Secretary shall maintain 

a permanent system of standardized records or accountings of all requests for inspection or disclosure of returns 

and return information (including the reasons for and 

dates of such requests) and of returns and return information inspected or disclosed under this section and section 

6104(c). Notwithstanding the provisions of section 552a(c) 

of title 5, United States Code, the Secretary shall not be 

required to maintain a record or accounting of requests for 

inspection or disclosure of returns and return information, 

or of returns and return information inspected or disclosed, under the authority of subsections (c), (e), (f)(5), 

(h)(1), (3)(A), or (4), (i)(4), or (8)(A)(ii),(k)(1), (2),(6), (8), or 

(9), (l)(1), (4)(B), (5), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), 

(15), (16), (17), or (18), (m), or (n). The records or accountings required to be maintained under this paragraph shall 

be available for examination by the Joint Committee on 

Taxation or the Chief of Staff of such joint committee. 

Such record or accounting shall also be available for examination by such person or persons as may be, but only to 

the extent, authorized to make such examination under 

section 552a(c)(3) of title 5, United States Code. 

(B) REPORT BY THE SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall, 

within 90 days after the close of each calendar year, furnish to the Joint Committee on Taxation a report with respect to, or summary of, the records or accountings described in subparagraph (A) in such form and containing 

such information as such joint committee or the Chief of 


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Staff of such joint committee may designate. Such report 

or summary shall not, however, include a record or accounting of any request by the President under subsection 

(g) for, or the disclosure in response to such request of, any 

return or return information with respect to any individual 

who, at the time of such request, was an officer or employee of the executive branch of the Federal Government. 

Such report or summary, or any part thereof, may be disclosed by such joint committee to such persons and for 

such purposes as the joint committee may, by record vote 

of a majority of the members of the joint committee, determine. 

(C) PUBLIC REPORT ON DISCLOSURES.—The Secretary 

shall, within 90 days after the close of each calendar year, 

furnish to the Joint Committee on Taxation for disclosure 

to the public a report with respect to the records or accountings described in subparagraph (A) which— 

(i) provides with respect to each Federal agency, 

each agency, body, or commission described in subsection (d), (i)(3)(B)(i) or (7)(A)(ii), or (l)(6), and the 

Government Accountability Office the number of— 

(I) requests for disclosure of returns and return 

information, 

(II) instances in which returns and return information were disclosed pursuant to such requests 

or otherwise, 

(III) taxpayers whose returns, or return information with respect to whom, were disclosed pursuant to such requests, and 

(ii) describes the general purposes for which such requests were made, 

(4) SAFEGUARDS.—Any Federal agency described in subsection (h)(2), (h)(5), (i)(1), (2), (3), (5), or (7), (j)(1), (2), or (5), 

(k)(8), (10), or (11), (l)(1), (2), (3), (5), (10), (11), (13), (14), (17), 

or (22) or (o)(1)(A), the Government Accountability Office, the 

Congressional Budget Office, or any agency, body, or commission described in subsection (d), ø(i)(3)(B)(i)¿ (i)(1)(C), (3)(B)(i), 

or 7(A)(ii), or (k)(10), (l)(6), (7), (8), (9), (12), (15), or (16), any 

appropriate State officer (as defined in section 6104(c)), or any 

other person described in subsection (k)(10), subsection (l)(10), 

(16), (18), (19), or (20), or any entity described in subsection 

(l)(21), shall, as a condition for receiving returns or return information— 

(A) establish and maintain, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, a permanent system of standardized records with 

respect to any request, the reason for such request, and 

the date of such request made by or of it and any disclosure of return or return information made by or to it; 

(B) establish and maintain, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, a secure area or place in which such returns or return information shall be stored; 

(C) restrict, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, access to 

the returns or return information only to persons whose 

duties or responsibilities require access and to whom disclosure may be made under the provisions of this title; 


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(D) provide such other safeguards which the Secretary 

determines (and which he prescribes in regulations) to be 

necessary or appropriate to protect the confidentiality of 

the returns or return information; 

(E) furnish a report to the Secretary, at such time and 

containing such information as the Secretary may prescribe, which describes the procedures established and utilized by such agency, body, or commission, the Government Accountability Office, or the Congressional Budget 

Office for ensuring the confidentiality of returns and return information required by this paragraph; and 

(F) upon completion of use of such returns or return information— 

(i) in the case of an agency, body, or commission described in subsection (d), (i)(3)(B)(i), (k)(10), or (l)(6), 

(7), (8), (9), or (16), any appropriate State officer (as 

defined in section 6104(c)), or any other person described in subsection (k)(10) or subsection (l)(10), (16), 

(18), (19), or (20) return to the Secretary such returns 

or return information (along with any copies made 

therefrom) or make such returns or return information 

undisclosable in any manner and furnish a written report to the Secretary describing such manner, 

(ii) in the case of an agency described in subsections 

(h)(2), (h)(5), (i)(1), (2), (3), (5) or (7), (j)(1), (2), or (5), 

(k)(8), (10), or (11), (l)(1), (2), (3), (5), (10), (11), (12), 

(13), (14), (15), (17), or (22), or (o)(1)(A) or any entity 

described in subsection (l)(21),,, the Government Accountability Office, or the Congressional Budget Office, 

either— 

(I) return to the Secretary such returns or return information (along with any copies made 

therefrom), 

(II) otherwise make such returns or return information undisclosable, or 

(III) to the extent not so returned or made 

undisclosable, ensure that the conditions of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E) of this paragraph continue to be met with respect to such returns or return information, and 

(iii) in the case of the Department of Health and 

Human Services for purposes of subsection (m)(6), destroy all such return information upon completion of 

its use in providing the notification for which the information was obtained, so as to make such information undisclosable; 

except that the conditions of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), 

and (E) shall cease to apply with respect to any return or return information if, and to the extent that, such return or return information is disclosed in the course of any judicial or 

administrative proceeding and made a part of the public record 

thereof. If the Secretary determines that any such agency, 

body, or commission, including an agency, an appropriate State 

officer (as defined in section 6104(c)), or any other person described in subsection (k)(10) or subsection (l)(10), (16), (18), 


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(19), or (20) or any entity described in subsection (l)(21),, or the 

Government Accountability Office or the Congressional Budget 

Office, has failed to, or does not, meet the requirements of this 

paragraph, he may, after any proceedings for review established under paragraph (7), take such actions as are necessary 

to ensure such requirements are met, including refusing to disclose returns or return information to such agency, body, or 

commission, including an agency, an appropriate State officer 

(as defined in section 6104(c)), or any other person described 

in subsection (k)(10) or subsection (l)(10), (16), (18), (19), or 

(20) or any entity described in subsection (l)(21),, or the Government Accountability Office or the Congressional Budget Office, until he determines that such requirements have been or 

will be met. In the case of any agency which receives any mailing address under paragraph (2), (4), (6), or (7) of subsection 

(m) and which discloses any such mailing address to any agent 

or which receives any information under paragraph (6)(A), (10), 

(12)(B), or (16) of subsection (l) and which discloses any such 

information to any agent, or any person including an agent described in subsection (l)(10) or (16), this paragraph shall apply 

to such agency and each such agent or other person (except 

that, in the case of an agent, or any person including an agent 

described in subsection (l)(10) or (16), any report to the Secretary or other action with respect to the Secretary shall be 

made or taken through such agency). For purposes of applying 

this paragraph in any case to which subsection (m)(6) applies, 

the term ‘‘return information’’ includes related blood donor 

records (as defined in section 1141(h)(2) of the Social Security 

Act). 

(5) REPORT ON PROCEDURES AND SAFEGUARDS.—After the 

close of each calendar year, the Secretary shall furnish to each 

committee described in subsection (f)(1) a report which describes the procedures and safeguards established and utilized 

by such agencies, bodies, or commissions, the Government Accountability Office, and the Congressional Budget Office for ensuring the confidentiality of returns and return information as 

required by this subsection. Such report shall also describe instances of deficiencies in, and failure to establish or utilize, 

such procedures. 

(6) AUDIT OF PROCEDURES AND SAFEGUARDS.— 

(A) AUDIT BY COMPTROLLER GENERAL.—The Comptroller 

General may audit the procedures and safeguards established by such agencies, bodies, or commissions and the 

Congressional Budget Office pursuant to this subsection to 

determine whether such safeguards and procedures meet 

the requirements of this subsection and ensure the confidentiality of returns and return information. The Comptroller General shall notify the Secretary before any such 

audit is conducted. 

(B) RECORDS OF INSPECTION AND REPORTS BY THE COMP- TROLLER GENERAL.—The Comptroller General shall— 

(i) maintain a permanent system of standardized 

records and accountings of returns and return information inspected by officers and employees of the Government Accountability Office under subsection 


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(i)(8)(A)(ii) and shall, within 90 days after the close of 

each calendar year, furnish to the Secretary a report 

with respect to, or summary of, such records or accountings in such form and containing such information as the Secretary may prescribe, and 

(ii) furnish an annual report to each committee described in subsection (f) and to the Secretary setting 

forth his findings with respect to any audit conducted 

pursuant to subparagraph (A). 

The Secretary may disclose to the Joint Committee any report furnished to him under clause (i). 

(7) ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW.—The Secretary shall by regulations prescribe procedures which provide for administrative review of any determination under paragraph (4) that any agency, body, or commission described in subsection (d) has failed 

to meet the requirements of such paragraph. 

(8) STATE LAW REQUIREMENTS.— 

(A) SAFEGUARDS.—Notwithstanding any other provision 

of this section, no return or return information shall be 

disclosed after December 31, 1978, to any officer or employee of any State which requires a taxpayer to attach to, 

or include in, any State tax return a copy of any portion 

of his Federal return, or information reflected on such Federal return, unless such State adopts provisions of law 

which protect the confidentiality of the copy of the Federal 

return (or portion thereof) attached to, or the Federal return information reflected on, such State tax return. 

(B) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS OR RETURN INFORMATION IN

STATE RETURNS.—Nothing in subparagraph (A) shall be 

construed to prohibit the disclosure by an officer or employee of any State of any copy of any portion of a Federal 

return or any information on a Federal return which is required to be attached or included in a State return to another officer or employee of such State (or political subdivision of such State) if such disclosure is specifically authorized by State law. 

(q) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary is authorized to prescribe such 

other regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of 

this section. 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 75—CRIMES, OTHER OFFENSES, AND 

FORFEITURES 

* * * * * * * 

Subchapter A—Crimes 

* * * * * * * 

PART I—GENERAL PROVISIONS 

* * * * * * * 


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SEC. 7213. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION. 

(a) RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION.— 

(1) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES AND OTHER PERSONS.—It shall be 

unlawful for any officer or employee of the United States or 

any person described in section 6103(n) (or an officer or employee of any such person), or any former officer or employee, 

willfully to disclose to any person, except as authorized in this 

title, any return or return information (as defined in section 

6103(b)). Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable upon conviction by a fine in any amount not exceeding 

$5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution, and if such offense is committed by any officer or employee of the United States, he 

shall, in addition to any other punishment, be dismissed from 

office or discharged from employment upon conviction for such 

offense. 

(2) STATE AND OTHER EMPLOYEES.—It shall be unlawful for 

any person (not described in paragraph (1)) willfully to disclose 

to any person, except as authorized in this title, any return or 

return information (as defined in section 6103(b)) acquired by 

him or another person under subsection (d), ø(i)(3)(B)(i)¿ 

(i)(1)(C), (3)(B)(i), or (7)(A)(ii), (k)(10), (l)(6), (7), (8), (9), (10), 

(12), (15), (16), (19), (20), or (21) or (m)(2), (4), (5), (6), or (7) 

of section 6103 or under section 6104(c). Any violation of this 

paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine in any 

amount not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment of not more 

than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. 

(3) OTHER PERSONS.—It shall be unlawful for any person to 

whom any return or return information (as defined in section 

6103(b)) is disclosed in a manner unauthorized by this title 

thereafter willfully to print or publish in any manner not provided by law any such return or return information. Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine 

in any amount not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment of not 

more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. 

(4) SOLICITATION.—It shall be unlawful for any person willfully to offer any item of material value in exchange for any 

return or return information (as defined in section 6103(b)) and 

to receive as a result of such solicitation any such return or return information. Any violation of this paragraph shall be a 

felony punishable by a fine in any amount not exceeding 

$5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. 

(5) SHAREHOLDERS.—It shall be unlawful for any person to 

whom a return or return information (as defined in section 

6103(b)) is disclosed pursuant to the provisions of section 

6103(e)(1)(D)(iii) willfully to disclose such return or return information in any manner not provided by law. Any violation of 

this paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine in any 

amount not to exceed $5,000, or imprisonment of not more 

than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. 

(b) DISCLOSURE OF OPERATIONS OF MANUFACTURER OR PRODUCER.—Any officer or employee of the United States who divulges 

or makes known in any manner whatever not provided by law to 


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any person the operations, style of work, or apparatus of any manufacturer or producer visited by him in the discharge of his official 

duties shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more 

than 1 year, or both, together with the costs of prosecution; and the 

offender shall be dismissed from office or discharged from employment. 

(c) DISCLOSURES BY CERTAIN DELEGATES OF SECRETARY.—All provisions of law relating to the disclosure of information, and all provisions of law relating to penalties for unauthorized disclosure of 

information, which are applicable in respect of any function under 

this title when performed by an officer or employee of the Treasury 

Department are likewise applicable in respect of such function 

when performed by any person who is a ‘‘delegate’’ within the 

meaning of section 7701(a)(12)(B). 

(d) DISCLOSURE OF SOFTWARE.—Any person who willfully divulges or makes known software (as defined in section 7612(d)(1)) 

to any person in violation of section 7612 shall be guilty of a felony 

and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000, 

or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, together with the 

costs of prosecution. 

(e) CROSS REFERENCES.— 

(1) Penalties for disclosure of information by preparers of returns 

For penalty for disclosure or use of information by preparers of returns, see section 7216. 

(2) PENALTIES FOR DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION FOR PENALTIES FOR DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFOR- MATION BY.—any officer or employee of the United States or 

any department or agency thereof, see 18 U.S.C. 1905. 

* * * * * * * 

B. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW PROPOSED BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e)(1)(B) of rule XIII of the Rules of 

the House of Representatives, changes in existing law proposed by 

the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed 

to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed 

in italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in 

roman): 

CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e)(1)(A) of rule XIII of the Rules of 

the House of Representatives, the text of each section proposed to 

be amended or repealed by the bill, as reported, is shown below: 

INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986 

* * * * * * * 

Subtitle F—Procedure and Administration 

* * * * * * * 


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CHAPTER 61—INFORMATION AND RETURNS 

* * * * * * * 

Subchapter B—Miscellaneous Provisions 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 6103. CONFIDENTIALITY AND DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION. 

(a) GENERAL RULE.—Returns and return information shall be 

confidential, and except as authorized by this title— 

(1) no officer or employee of the United States, 

(2) no officer or employee of any State, any local law enforcement agency receiving information under subsection (i)(7)(A), 

any local child support enforcement agency, or any local agency 

administering a program listed in subsection (l)(7)(D) who has 

or had access to returns or return information under this section or section 6104(c), and 

(3) no other person (or officer or employee thereof) who has 

or had access to returns or return information under subsection (e)(1)(D)(iii), subsection (k)(10), paragraph (6), (10), 

(12), (16), (19), (20), or (21) of subsection (l), paragraph (2) or 

(4)(B) of subsection (m), or subsection (n), 

shall disclose any return or return information obtained by him in 

any manner in connection with his service as such an officer or an 

employee or otherwise or under the provisions of this section. For 

purposes of this subsection, the term ‘‘officer or employee’’ includes 

a former officer or employee. 

(b) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section— 

(1) RETURN.—The term ‘‘return’’ means any tax or information return, declaration of estimated tax, or claim for refund 

required by, or provided for or permitted under, the provisions 

of this title which is filed with the Secretary by, on behalf of, 

or with respect to any person, and any amendment or supplement thereto, including supporting schedules, attachments, or 

lists which are supplemental to, or part of, the return so filed. 

(2) RETURN INFORMATION.—The term ‘‘return information’’ 

means— 

(A) a taxpayer’s identity, the nature, source, or amount 

of his income, payments, receipts, deductions, exemptions, 

credits, assets, liabilities, net worth, tax liability, tax withheld, deficiencies, overassessments, or tax payments, 

whether the taxpayer’s return was, is being, or will be examined or subject to other investigation or processing, or 

any other data, received by, recorded by, prepared by, furnished to, or collected by the Secretary with respect to a 

return or with respect to the determination of the existence, or possible existence, of liability (or the amount 

thereof) of any person under this title for any tax, penalty, 

interest, fine, forfeiture, or other imposition, or offense, 

(B) any part of any written determination or any background file document relating to such written determination (as such terms are defined in section 6110(b)) which 

is not open to public inspection under section 6110, 


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(C) any advance pricing agreement entered into by a taxpayer and the Secretary and any background information 

related to such agreement or any application for an advance pricing agreement, and 

(D) any agreement under section 7121, and any similar 

agreement, and any background information related to 

such an agreement or request for such an agreement, 

but such term does not include data in a form which cannot 

be associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, 

a particular taxpayer. Nothing in the preceding sentence, or in 

any other provision of law, shall be construed to require the 

disclosure of standards used or to be used for the selection of 

returns for examination, or data used or to be used for determining such standards, if the Secretary determines that such 

disclosure will seriously impair assessment, collection, or enforcement under the internal revenue laws. 

(3) TAXPAYER RETURN INFORMATION.—The term ‘‘taxpayer return information’’ means return information as defined in 

paragraph (2) which is filed with, or furnished to, the Secretary by or on behalf of the taxpayer to whom such return information relates. 

(4) TAX ADMINISTRATION.—The term ‘‘tax administration’’— 

(A) means— 

(i) the administration, management, conduct, direction, and supervision of the execution and application 

of the internal revenue laws or related statutes (or 

equivalent laws and statutes of a State) and tax conventions to which the United States is a party, and 

(ii) the development and formulation of Federal tax 

policy relating to existing or proposed internal revenue 

laws, related statutes, and tax conventions, and 

(B) includes assessment, collection, enforcement, litigation, publication, and statistical gathering functions under 

such laws, statutes, or conventions. 

(5) STATE.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘State’’ means— 

(i) any of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the 

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, 

Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of 

the Northern Mariana Islands, 

(ii) for purposes of subsections (a)(2), (b)(4), (d)(1), 

(h)(4), and (p), any municipality— 

(I) with a population in excess of 250,000 (as determined under the most recent decennial United 

States census data available), 

(II) which imposes a tax on income or wages, 

and 

(III) with which the Secretary (in his sole discretion) has entered into an agreement regarding 

disclosure, and 

(iii) for purposes of subsections (a)(2), (b)(4), (d)(1), 

(h)(4), and (p), any governmental entity— 

(I) which is formed and operated by a qualified 

group of municipalities, and 


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(II) with which the Secretary (in his sole discretion) has entered into an agreement regarding disclosure. 

(B) REGIONAL INCOME TAX AGENCIES.—For purposes of 

subparagraph (A)(iii)— 

(i) QUALIFIED GROUP OF MUNICIPALITIES.—The term 

‘‘qualified group of municipalities’’ means, with respect 

to any governmental entity, 2 or more municipalities— 

(I) each of which imposes a tax on income or 

wages, 

(II) each of which, under the authority of a 

State statute, administers the laws relating to the 

imposition of such taxes through such entity, and 

(III) which collectively have a population in excess of 250,000 (as determined under the most recent decennial United States census data available). 

(ii) REFERENCES TO STATE LAW, ETC.—For purposes 

of applying subparagraph (A)(iii) to the subsections referred to in such subparagraph, any reference in such 

subsections to State law, proceedings, or tax returns 

shall be treated as references to the law, proceedings, 

or tax returns, as the case may be, of the municipalities which form and operate the governmental entity 

referred to in such subparagraph. 

(iii) DISCLOSURE TO CONTRACTORS AND OTHER

AGENTS.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this 

section, no return or return information shall be disclosed to any contractor or other agent of a governmental entity referred to in subparagraph (A)(iii) unless such entity, to the satisfaction of the Secretary— 

(I) has requirements in effect which require 

each such contractor or other agent which would 

have access to returns or return information to 

provide safeguards (within the meaning of subsection (p)(4)) to protect the confidentiality of such 

returns or return information, 

(II) agrees to conduct an on-site review every 3 

years (or a mid-point review in the case of contracts or agreements of less than 3 years in duration) of each contractor or other agent to determine compliance with such requirements, 

(III) submits the findings of the most recent review conducted under subclause (II) to the Secretary as part of the report required by subsection 

(p)(4)(E), and 

(IV) certifies to the Secretary for the most recent annual period that such contractor or other 

agent is in compliance with all such requirements. 

The certification required by subclause (IV) shall include the name and address of each contractor and 

other agent, a description of the contract or agreement 

with such contractor or other agent, and the duration 

of such contract or agreement. The requirements of 

this clause shall not apply to disclosures pursuant to 


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subsection (n) for purposes of Federal tax administration and a rule similar to the rule of subsection 

(p)(8)(B) shall apply for purposes of this clause. 

(6) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—The term ‘‘taxpayer identity’’ 

means the name of a person with respect to whom a return is 

filed, his mailing address, his taxpayer identifying number (as 

described in section 6109), or a combination thereof. 

(7) INSPECTION.—The terms ‘‘inspected’’ and ‘‘inspection’’ 

mean any examination of a return or return information. 

(8) DISCLOSURE.—The term ‘‘disclosure’’ means the making 

known to any person in any manner whatever a return or return information. 

(9) FEDERAL AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Federal agency’’ means an 

agency within the meaning of section 551(1) of title 5, United 

States Code. 

(10) CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER.—The term ‘‘chief executive 

officer’’ means, with respect to any municipality, any elected official and the chief official (even if not elected) of such municipality. 

(11) TERRORIST INCIDENT, THREAT, OR ACTIVITY.—The term 

‘‘terrorist incident, threat, or activity’’ means an incident, 

threat, or activity involving an act of domestic terrorism (as defined in section 2331(5) of title 18, United States Code) or 

international terrorism (as defined in section 2331(1) of such 

title). 

(c) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION TO DES- IGNEE OF TAXPAYER.—The Secretary may, subject to such requirements and conditions as he may prescribe by regulations, disclose 

the return of any taxpayer, or return information with respect to 

such taxpayer, to such person or persons as the taxpayer may designate in a request for or consent to such disclosure, or to any other 

person at the taxpayer’s request to the extent necessary to comply 

with a request for information or assistance made by the taxpayer 

to such other person. However, return information shall not be disclosed to such person or persons if the Secretary determines that 

such disclosure would seriously impair Federal tax administration. 

(d) DISCLOSURE TO STATE TAX OFFICIALS AND STATE AND LOCAL

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Returns and return information with respect to taxes imposed by chapters 1, 2, 6, 11, 12, 21, 23, 24, 

31, 32, 44, 51, and 52 and subchapter D of chapter 36 shall be 

open to inspection by, or disclosure to, any State agency, body, 

or commission, or its legal representative, which is charged 

under the laws of such State with responsibility for the administration of State tax laws for the purpose of, and only to the 

extent necessary in, the administration of such laws, including 

any procedures with respect to locating any person who may 

be entitled to a refund. Such inspection shall be permitted, or 

such disclosure made, only upon written request by the head 

of such agency, body, or commission, and only to the representatives of such agency, body, or commission designated in such 

written request as the individuals who are to inspect or to receive the returns or return information on behalf of such agency, body, or commission. Such representatives shall not include 

any individual who is the chief executive officer of such State 


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or who is neither an employee or legal representative of such 

agency, body, or commission nor a person described in subsection (n). However, such return information shall not be disclosed to the extent that the Secretary determines that such 

disclosure would identify a confidential informant or seriously 

impair any civil or criminal tax investigation. 

(2) DISCLOSURE TO STATE AUDIT AGENCIES.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Any returns or return information obtained under paragraph (1) by any State agency, body, or 

commission may be open to inspection by, or disclosure to, 

officers and employees of the State audit agency for the 

purpose of, and only to the extent necessary in, making an 

audit of the State agency, body, or commission referred to 

in paragraph (1). 

(B) STATE AUDIT AGENCY.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term ‘‘State audit agency’’ means any State 

agency, body, or commission which is charged under the 

laws of the State with the responsibility of auditing State 

revenues and programs. 

(3) EXCEPTION FOR REIMBURSEMENT UNDER SECTION 7624.— 

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from disclosing to any State or local law enforcement 

agency which may receive a payment under section 7624 the 

amount of the recovered taxes with respect to which such a 

payment may be made. 

(4) AVAILABILITY AND USE OF DEATH INFORMATION.— (A) IN GENERAL.—No returns or return information may 

be disclosed under paragraph (1) to any agency, body, or 

commission of any State (or any legal representative thereof) during any period during which a contract meeting the 

requirements of subparagraph (B) is not in effect between 

such State and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. 

(B) CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS.—A contract meets the 

requirements of this subparagraph if— 

(i) such contract requires the State to furnish the 

Secretary of Health and Human Services information 

concerning individuals with respect to whom death 

certificates (or equivalent documents maintained by 

the State or any subdivision thereof) have been officially filed with it, and 

(ii) such contract does not include any restriction on 

the use of information obtained by such Secretary pursuant to such contract, except that such contract may 

provide that such information is only to be used by the 

Secretary (or any other Federal agency) for purposes 

of ensuring that Federal benefits or other payments 

are not erroneously paid to deceased individuals. 

Any information obtained by the Secretary of Health and 

Human Services under such a contract shall be exempt 

from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States 

Code, and from the requirements of section 552a of such 

title 5. 

(C) SPECIAL EXCEPTION.—The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any State which on July 1, 


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1993, was not, pursuant to a contract, furnishing the Secretary of Health and Human Services information concerning individuals with respect to whom death certificates 

(or equivalent documents maintained by the State or any 

subdivision thereof) have been officially filed with it. 

(5) DISCLOSURE FOR COMBINED EMPLOYMENT TAX REPORT- ING.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may disclose taxpayer 

identity information and signatures to any agency, body, 

or commission of any State for the purpose of carrying out 

with such agency, body, or commission a combined Federal 

and State employment tax reporting program approved by 

the Secretary. Subsections (a)(2) and (p)(4) and sections 

7213 and 7213A shall not apply with respect to disclosures 

or inspections made pursuant to this paragraph. 

(B) TERMINATION.—The Secretary may not make any 

disclosure under this paragraph after December 31, 2007. 

(6) LIMITATION ON DISCLOSURE REGARDING REGIONAL INCOME

TAX AGENCIES TREATED AS STATES.—For purposes of paragraph 

(1), inspection by or disclosure to an entity described in subsection (b)(5)(A)(iii) shall be for the purpose of, and only to the 

extent necessary in, the administration of the laws of the member municipalities in such entity relating to the imposition of 

a tax on income or wages. Such entity may not redisclose any 

return or return information received pursuant to paragraph 

(1) to any such member municipality. 

(e) DISCLOSURE TO PERSONS HAVING MATERIAL INTEREST.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The return of a person shall, upon written 

request, be open to inspection by or disclosure to— 

(A) in the case of the return of an individual— 

(i) that individual, 

(ii) the spouse of that individual if the individual 

and such spouse have signified their consent to consider a gift reported on such return as made one-half 

by him and one-half by the spouse pursuant to the 

provisions of section 2513; or 

(iii) the child of that individual (or such child’s legal 

representative) to the extent necessary to comply with 

the provisions of section 1(g); 

(B) in the case of an income tax return filed jointly, either of the individuals with respect to whom the return is 

filed; 

(C) in the case of the return of a partnership, any person 

who was a member of such partnership during any part of 

the period covered by the return; 

(D) in the case of the return of a corporation or a subsidiary thereof— 

(i) any person designated by resolution of its board 

of directors or other similar governing body, 

(ii) any officer or employee of such corporation upon 

written request signed by any principal officer and attested to by the secretary or other officer, 

(iii) any bona fide shareholder of record owning 1 

percent or more of the outstanding stock of such corporation, 


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(iv) if the corporation was an S corporation, any person who was a shareholder during any part of the period covered by such return during which an election 

under section 1362(a) was in effect, or 

(v) if the corporation has been dissolved, any person 

authorized by applicable State law to act for the corporation or any person who the Secretary finds to 

have a material interest which will be affected by information contained therein; 

(E) in the case of the return of an estate— 

(i) the administrator, executor, or trustee of such estate, and 

(ii) any heir at law, next of kin, or beneficiary under 

the will, of the decedent, but only if the Secretary 

finds that such heir at law, next of kin, or beneficiary 

has a material interest which will be affected by information contained therein; and 

(F) in the case of the return of a trust— 

(i) the trustee or trustees, jointly or separately, and 

(ii) any beneficiary of such trust, but only if the Secretary finds that such beneficiary has a material interest which will be affected by information contained 

therein. 

(2) INCOMPETENCY.—If an individual described in paragraph 

(1) is legally incompetent, the applicable return shall, upon 

written request, be open to inspection by or disclosure to the 

committee, trustee, or guardian of his estate. 

(3) DECEASED INDIVIDUALS.—The return of a decedent shall, 

upon written request, be open to inspection by or disclosure 

to— 

(A) the administrator, executor, or trustee of his estate, 

and 

(B) any heir at law, next of kin, or beneficiary under the 

will, of such decedent, or a donee of property, but only if 

the Secretary finds that such heir at law, next of kin, beneficiary, or donee has a material interest which will be affected by information contained therein. 

(4) TITLE 11 CASES AND RECEIVERSHIP PROCEEDINGS.—If— 

(A) there is a trustee in a title 11 case in which the debtor is the person with respect to whom the return is filed, 

or 

(B) substantially all of the property of the person with 

respect to whom the return is filed is in the hands of a receiver, 

such return or returns for prior years of such person shall, 

upon written request, be open to inspection by or disclosure to 

such trustee or receiver, but only if the Secretary finds that 

such trustee or receiver, in his fiduciary capacity, has a material interest which will be affected by information contained 

therein. 

(5) INDIVIDUAL’S TITLE 11 CASE.— (A) IN GENERAL.—In any case to which section 1398 applies (determined without regard to section 1398(b)(1)), 

any return of the debtor for the taxable year in which the 

case commenced or any preceding taxable year shall, upon 


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written request, be open to inspection by or disclosure to 

the trustee in such case. 

(B) RETURN OF ESTATE AVAILABLE TO DEBTOR.—Any return of an estate in a case to which section 1398 applies 

shall, upon written request, be open to inspection by or 

disclosure to the debtor in such case. 

(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR INVOLUNTARY CASES.—In an involuntary case, no disclosure shall be made under subparagraph (A) until the order for relief has been entered by the 

court having jurisdiction of such case unless such court 

finds that such disclosure is appropriate for purposes of 

determining whether an order for relief should be entered. 

(6) ATTORNEY IN FACT.—Any return to which this subsection 

applies shall, upon written request, also be open to inspection 

by or disclosure to the attorney in fact duly authorized in writing by any of the persons described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), 

(4), (5), (8), or (9) to inspect the return or receive the information on his behalf, subject to the conditions provided in such 

paragraphs. 

(7) RETURN INFORMATION.—Return information with respect 

to any taxpayer may be open to inspection by or disclosure to 

any person authorized by this subsection to inspect any return 

of such taxpayer if the Secretary determines that such disclosure would not seriously impair Federal tax administration. 

(8) DISCLOSURE OF COLLECTION ACTIVITIES WITH RESPECT TO

JOINT RETURN.—If any deficiency of tax with respect to a joint 

return is assessed and the individuals filing such return are no 

longer married or no longer reside in the same household, upon 

request in writing by either of such individuals, the Secretary 

shall disclose in writing to the individual making the request 

whether the Secretary has attempted to collect such deficiency 

from such other individual, the general nature of such collection activities, and the amount collected. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any deficiency which may not be collected by reason of section 6502. 

(9) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN INFORMATION WHERE MORE THAN

1 PERSON SUBJECT TO PENALTY UNDER SECTION 6672.—If the 

Secretary determines that a person is liable for a penalty 

under section 6672(a) with respect to any failure, upon request 

in writing of such person, the Secretary shall disclose in writing to such person— 

(A) the name of any other person whom the Secretary 

has determined to be liable for such penalty with respect 

to such failure, and 

(B) whether the Secretary has attempted to collect such 

penalty from such other person, the general nature of such 

collection activities, and the amount collected. 

(10) LIMITATION ON CERTAIN DISCLOSURES UNDER THIS SUBSECTION.—In the case of an inspection or disclosure under this 

subsection relating to the return of a partnership, S corporation, trust, or an estate, the information inspected or disclosed 

shall not include any supporting schedule, attachment, or list 

which includes the taxpayer identity information of a person 

other than the entity making the return or the person conducting the inspection or to whom the disclosure is made. 


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(11) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION REGARDING STATUS OF IN- VESTIGATION OF VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION.—In the case of a 

person who provides to the Secretary information indicating a 

violation of section 7213, 7213A, or 7214 with respect to any 

return or return information of such person, the Secretary may 

disclose to such person (or such person’s designee)— 

(A) whether an investigation based on the person’s provision of such information has been initiated and whether it 

is open or closed, 

(B) whether any such investigation substantiated such a 

violation by any individual, and 

(C) whether any action has been taken with respect to 

such individual (including whether a referral has been 

made for prosecution of such individual). 

(f) DISCLOSURE TO COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.— 

(1) COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, COMMITTEE ON FINANCE, AND JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION.—Upon written 

request from the chairman of the Committee on Ways and 

Means of the House of Representatives, the chairman of the 

Committee on Finance of the Senate, or the chairman of the 

Joint Committee on Taxation, the Secretary shall furnish such 

committee with any return or return information specified in 

such request, except that any return or return information 

which can be associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or 

indirectly, a particular taxpayer shall be furnished to such 

committee only when sitting in closed executive session unless 

such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to such disclosure. 

(2) CHIEF OF STAFF OF JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION.— Upon written request by the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation, the Secretary shall furnish him with any 

return or return information specified in such request. Such 

Chief of Staff may submit such return or return information to 

any committee described in paragraph (1), except that any return or return information which can be associated with, or 

otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer 

shall be furnished to such committee only when sitting in 

closed executive session unless such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to such disclosure. 

(3) OTHER COMMITTEES.—Pursuant to an action by, and upon 

written request by the chairman of, a committee of the Senate 

or the House of Representatives (other than a committee specified in paragraph (1)) specially authorized to inspect any return or return information by a resolution of the Senate or the 

House of Representatives or, in the case of a joint committee 

(other than the joint committee specified in paragraph (1)) by 

concurrent resolution, the Secretary shall furnish such committee, or a duly authorized and designated subcommittee 

thereof, sitting in closed executive session, with any return or 

return information which such resolution authorizes the committee or subcommittee to inspect. Any resolution described in 

this paragraph shall specify the purpose for which the return 

or return information is to be furnished and that such information cannot reasonably be obtained from any other source. 

(4) AGENTS OF COMMITTEES AND SUBMISSION OF INFORMATION

TO SENATE OR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.— 


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(A) COMMITTEES DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH (1).—Any committee described in paragraph (1) or the Chief of Staff of 

the Joint Committee on Taxation shall have the authority, 

acting directly, or by or through such examiners or agents 

as the chairman of such committee or such chief of staff 

may designate or appoint, to inspect returns and return information at such time and in such manner as may be determined by such chairman or chief of staff. Any return or 

return information obtained by or on behalf of such committee pursuant to the provisions of this subsection may 

be submitted by the committee to the Senate or the House 

of Representatives, or to both. The Joint Committee on 

Taxation may also submit such return or return information to any other committee described in paragraph (1), except that any return or return information which can be 

associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer shall be furnished to such 

committee only when sitting in closed executive session 

unless such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to such 

disclosure. 

(B) OTHER COMMITTEES.—Any committee or subcommittee described in paragraph (3) shall have the right, 

acting directly, or by or through no more than four examiners or agents, designated or appointed in writing in 

equal numbers by the chairman and ranking minority 

member of such committee or subcommittee, to inspect returns and return information at such time and in such 

manner as may be determined by such chairman and 

ranking minority member. Any return or return information obtained by or on behalf of such committee or subcommittee pursuant to the provisions of this subsection 

may be submitted by the committee to the Senate or the 

House of Representatives, or to both, except that any return or return information which can be associated with, 

or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular 

taxpayer, shall be furnished to the Senate or the House of 

Representatives only when sitting in closed executive session unless such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to 

such disclosure. 

(5) DISCLOSURE BY WHISTLEBLOWER.—Any person who otherwise has or had access to any return or return information 

under this section may disclose such return or return information to a committee referred to in paragraph (1) or any individual authorized to receive or inspect information under paragraph (4)(A) if such person believes such return or return information may relate to possible misconduct, maladministration, 

or taxpayer abuse. 

(g) DISCLOSURE TO PRESIDENT AND CERTAIN OTHER PERSONS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request by the President, 

signed by him personally, the Secretary shall furnish to the 

President, or to such employee or employees of the White 

House Office as the President may designate by name in such 

request, a return or return information with respect to any 

taxpayer named in such request. Any such request shall 

state— 


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(A) the name and address of the taxpayer whose return 

or return information is to be disclosed, 

(B) the kind of return or return information which is to 

be disclosed, 

(C) the taxable period or periods covered by such return 

or return information, and 

(D) the specific reason why the inspection or disclosure 

is requested. 

(2) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION AS TO PRESI- DENTIAL APPOINTEES AND CERTAIN OTHER FEDERAL GOVERN- MENT APPOINTEES.—The Secretary may disclose to a duly authorized representative of the Executive Office of the President 

or to the head of any Federal agency, upon written request by 

the President or head of such agency, or to the Federal Bureau 

of Investigation on behalf of and upon written request by the 

President or such head, return information with respect to an 

individual who is designated as being under consideration for 

appointment to a position in the executive or judicial branch 

of the Federal Government. Such return information shall be 

limited to whether such individual— 

(A) has filed returns with respect to the taxes imposed 

under chapter 1 for not more than the immediately preceding 3 years; 

(B) has failed to pay any tax within 10 days after notice 

and demand, or has been assessed any penalty under this 

title for negligence, in the current year or immediately preceding 3 years; 

(C) has been or is under investigation for possible criminal offenses under the internal revenue laws and the results of any such investigation; or 

(D) has been assessed any civil penalty under this title 

for fraud. 

Within 3 days of the receipt of any request for any return information with respect to any individual under this paragraph, 

the Secretary shall notify such individual in writing that such 

information has been requested under the provisions of this 

paragraph. 

(3) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The employees to whom 

returns and return information are disclosed under this subsection shall not disclose such returns and return information 

to any other person except the President or the head of such 

agency without the personal written direction of the President 

or the head of such agency. 

(4) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE TO CERTAIN EMPLOYEES.— 

Disclosure of returns and return information under this subsection shall not be made to any employee whose annual rate 

of basic pay is less than the annual rate of basic pay specified 

for positions subject to section 5316 of title 5, United States 

Code. 

(5) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Within 30 days after the 

close of each calendar quarter, the President and the head of 

any agency requesting returns and return information under 

this subsection shall each file a report with the Joint Committee on Taxation setting forth the taxpayers with respect to 

whom such requests were made during such quarter under this 


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subsection, the returns or return information involved, and the 

reasons for such requests. The President shall not be required 

to report on any request for returns and return information 

pertaining to an individual who was an officer or employee of 

the executive branch of the Federal Government at the time 

such request was made. Reports filed pursuant to this paragraph shall not be disclosed unless the Joint Committee on 

Taxation determines that disclosure thereof (including identifying details) would be in the national interest. Such reports 

shall be maintained by the Joint Committee on Taxation for a 

period not exceeding 2 years unless, within such period, the 

Joint Committee on Taxation determines that a disclosure to 

the Congress is necessary. 

(h) DISCLOSURE TO CERTAIN FEDERAL OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES

FOR PURPOSES OF TAX ADMINISTRATION, ETC..— 

(1) DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.—Returns and return information shall, without written request, be open to inspection 

by or disclosure to officers and employees of the Department 

of the Treasury whose official duties require such inspection or 

disclosure for tax administration purposes. 

(2) DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.—In a matter involving tax administration, a return or return information shall be open to 

inspection by or disclosure to officers and employees of the Department of Justice (including United States attorneys) personally and directly engaged in, and solely for their use in, any 

proceeding before a Federal grand jury or preparation for any 

proceeding (or investigation which may result in such a proceeding) before a Federal grand jury or any Federal or State 

court, but only if— 

(A) the taxpayer is or may be a party to the proceeding, 

or the proceeding arose out of, or in connection with, determining the taxpayer’s civil or criminal liability, or the collection of such civil liability in respect of any tax imposed 

under this title; 

(B) the treatment of an item reflected on such return is 

or may be related to the resolution of an issue in the proceeding or investigation; or 

(C) such return or return information relates or may relate to a transactional relationship between a person who 

is or may be a party to the proceeding and the taxpayer 

which affects, or may affect, the resolution of an issue in 

such proceeding or investigation. 

(3) FORM OF REQUEST.—In any case in which the Secretary 

is authorized to disclose a return or return information to the 

Department of Justice pursuant to the provisions of this subsection— 

(A) if the Secretary has referred the case to the Department of Justice, or if the proceeding is authorized by subchapter B of chapter 76, the Secretary may make such disclosure on his own motion, or 

(B) if the Secretary receives a written request from the 

Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, or an Assistant Attorney General for a return of, or return information relating to, a person named in such request and 

setting forth the need for the disclosure, the Secretary 


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shall disclose return or return the information so requested. 

(4) DISCLOSURE IN JUDICIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE TAX PRO- CEEDINGS.—A return or return information may be disclosed in 

a Federal or State judicial or administrative proceeding pertaining to tax administration, but only— 

(A) if the taxpayer is a party to the proceeding, or the 

proceeding arose out of, or in connection with, determining 

the taxpayer’s civil or criminal liability, or the collection of 

such civil liability, in respect of any tax imposed under 

this title; 

(B) if the treatment of an item reflected on such return 

is directly related to the resolution of an issue in the proceeding; 

(C) if such return or return information directly relates 

to a transactional relationship between a person who is a 

party to the proceeding and the taxpayer which directly affects the resolution of an issue in the proceeding; or 

(D) to the extent required by order of a court pursuant 

to section 3500 of title 18, United States Code, or rule 16 

of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, such court 

being authorized in the issuance of such order to give due 

consideration to congressional policy favoring the confidentiality of returns and return information as set forth in 

this title. 

However, such return or return information shall not be disclosed as provided in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) if the Secretary determines that such disclosure would identify a confidential informant or seriously impair a civil or criminal tax 

investigation. 

(5) WITHHOLDING OF TAX FROM SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS.— Upon written request of the payor agency, the Secretary may 

disclose available return information from the master files of 

the Internal Revenue Service with respect to the address and 

status of an individual as a nonresident alien or as a citizen 

or resident of the United States to the Social Security Administration or the Railroad Retirement Board (whichever is appropriate) for purposes of carrying out its responsibilities for withholding tax under section 1441 from social security benefits (as 

defined in section 86(d)). 

(6) INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE OVERSIGHT BOARD.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), and 

except as provided in subparagraph (B), no return or return information may be disclosed to any member of the 

Oversight Board described in subparagraph (A) or (D) of 

section 7802(b)(1) or to any employee or detailee of such 

Board by reason of their service with the Board. Any request for information not permitted to be disclosed under 

the preceding sentence, and any contact relating to a specific taxpayer, made by any such individual to an officer or 

employee of the Internal Revenue Service shall be reported 

by such officer or employee to the Secretary, the Treasury 

Inspector General for Tax Administration, and the Joint 

Committee on Taxation. 

(B) EXCEPTION FOR REPORTS TO THE BOARD.—If— 


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(i) the Commissioner or the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration prepares any report or 

other matter for the Oversight Board in order to assist 

the Board in carrying out its duties; and 

(ii) the Commissioner or such Inspector General determines it is necessary to include any return or return information in such report or other matter to enable the Board to carry out such duties, such return 

or return information (other than information regarding taxpayer identity) may be disclosed to members, 

employees, or detailees of the Board solely for the purpose of carrying out such duties. 

(i) DISCLOSURE TO FEDERAL OFFICERS OR EMPLOYEES FOR ADMINISTRATION OF FEDERAL LAWS NOT RELATING TO TAX ADMINISTRATION.— 

(1) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION FOR

USE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (6), 

any return or return information with respect to any specified taxable period or periods shall, pursuant to and upon 

the grant of an ex parte order by a Federal district court 

judge or magistrate judge under subparagraph (B), be open 

(but only to the extent necessary as provided in such 

order) to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of any Federal agency who are personally and directly engaged in— 

(i) preparation for any judicial or administrative 

proceeding pertaining to the enforcement of a specifically designated Federal criminal statute (not involving tax administration) to which the United States or 

such agency is or may be a party, 

(ii) any investigation which may result in such a 

proceeding, or 

(iii) any Federal grand jury proceeding pertaining to 

enforcement of such a criminal statute to which the 

United States or such agency is or may be a party, 

solely for the use of such officers and employees in such 

preparation, investigation, or grand jury proceeding. 

(B) APPLICATION FOR ORDER.—The Attorney General, the 

Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney General, 

any Assistant Attorney General, any United States attorney, any special prosecutor appointed under section 593 of 

title 28, United States Code, or any attorney in charge of 

a criminal division organized crime strike force established 

pursuant to section 510 of title 28, United States Code, 

may authorize an application to a Federal district court 

judge or magistrate judge for the order referred to in subparagraph (A). Upon such application, such judge or magistrate judge may grant such order if he determines on the 

basis of the facts submitted by the applicant that— 

(i) there is reasonable cause to believe, based upon 

information believed to be reliable, that a specific 

criminal act has been committed, 


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(ii) there is reasonable cause to believe that the return or return information is or may be relevant to a 

matter relating to the commission of such act, and 

(iii) the return or return information is sought exclusively for use in a Federal criminal investigation or 

proceeding concerning such act, and the information 

sought to be disclosed cannot reasonably be obtained, 

under the circumstances, from another source. 

(2) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION OTHER THAN TAXPAYER RETURN INFORMATION FOR USE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (6), 

upon receipt by the Secretary of a request which meets the 

requirements of subparagraph (B) from the head of any 

Federal agency or the Inspector General thereof, or, in the 

case of the Department of Justice, the Attorney General, 

the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney General, any Assistant Attorney General, the Director of the 

Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Administrator of the 

Drug Enforcement Administration, any United States attorney, any special prosecutor appointed under section 593 

of title 28, United States Code, or any attorney in charge 

of a criminal division organized crime strike force established pursuant to section 510 of title 28, United States 

Code, the Secretary shall disclose return information 

(other than taxpayer return information) to officers and 

employees of such agency who are personally and directly 

engaged in— 

(i) preparation for any judicial or administrative 

proceeding described in paragraph (1)(A)(i), 

(ii) any investigation which may result in such a 

proceeding, or 

(iii) any grand jury proceeding described in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), 

solely for the use of such officers and employees in such 

preparation, investigation, or grand jury proceeding. 

(B) REQUIREMENTS.—A request meets the requirements 

of this subparagraph if the request is in writing and sets 

forth— 

(i) the name and address of the taxpayer with respect to whom the requested return information relates; 

(ii) the taxable period or periods to which such return information relates; 

(iii) the statutory authority under which the proceeding or investigation described in subparagraph (A) 

is being conducted; and 

(iv) the specific reason or reasons why such disclosure is, or may be, relevant to such proceeding or investigation. 

(C) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—For purposes of this paragraph, a taxpayer’s identity shall not be treated as taxpayer return information. 


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(3) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO APPRISE APPROPRIATE OFFICIALS OF CRIMINAL OR TERRORIST ACTIVITIES OR

EMERGENCY CIRCUMSTANCES.— 

(A) POSSIBLE VIOLATIONS OF FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAW.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), the Secretary may disclose in writing return information (other than taxpayer return information) 

which may constitute evidence of a violation of any 

Federal criminal law (not involving tax administration) to the extent necessary to apprise the head of the 

appropriate Federal agency charged with the responsibility of enforcing such law. The head of such agency 

may disclose such return information to officers and 

employees of such agency to the extent necessary to 

enforce such law. 

(ii) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—If there is return information (other than taxpayer return information) which 

may constitute evidence of a violation by any taxpayer 

of any Federal criminal law (not involving tax administration), such taxpayer’s identity may also be disclosed under clause (i). 

(B) EMERGENCY CIRCUMSTANCES.— 

(i) DANGER OF DEATH OR PHYSICAL INJURY.—Under 

circumstances involving an imminent danger of death 

or physical injury to any individual, the Secretary may 

disclose return information to the extent necessary to 

apprise appropriate officers or employees of any Federal or State law enforcement agency of such circumstances. 

(ii) FLIGHT FROM FEDERAL PROSECUTION.—Under 

circumstances involving the imminent flight of any individual from Federal prosecution, the Secretary may 

disclose return information to the extent necessary to 

apprise appropriate officers or employees of any Federal law enforcement agency of such circumstances. 

(C) TERRORIST ACTIVITIES, ETC..— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), the Secretary may disclose in writing return information (other than taxpayer return information) that 

may be related to a terrorist incident, threat, or activity to the extent necessary to apprise the head of the 

appropriate Federal law enforcement agency responsible for investigating or responding to such terrorist 

incident, threat, or activity. The head of the agency 

may disclose such return information to officers and 

employees of such agency to the extent necessary to 

investigate or respond to such terrorist incident, 

threat, or activity. 

(ii) DISCLOSURE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.— 

Returns and taxpayer return information may also be 

disclosed to the Attorney General under clause (i) to 

the extent necessary for, and solely for use in preparing, an application under paragraph (7)(D). 


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(iii) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—For purposes of this subparagraph, a taxpayer’s identity shall not be treated 

as taxpayer return information. 

(4) USE OF CERTAIN DISCLOSED RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION IN JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS.— 

(A) RETURNS AND TAXPAYER RETURN INFORMATION.—Except as provided in subparagraph (C), any return or taxpayer return information obtained under paragraph (1) or 

(7)(C) may be disclosed in any judicial or administrative 

proceeding pertaining to enforcement of a specifically designated Federal criminal statute or related civil forfeiture 

(not involving tax administration) to which the United 

States or a Federal agency is a party— 

(i) if the court finds that such return or taxpayer return information is probative of a matter in issue relevant in establishing the commission of a crime or the 

guilt or liability of a party, or 

(ii) to the extent required by order of the court pursuant to section 3500 of title 18, United States Code, 

or rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. 

(B) RETURN INFORMATION (OTHER THAN TAXPAYER RETURN INFORMATION).—Except as provided in subparagraph 

(C), any return information (other than taxpayer return information) obtained under paragraph (1), (2), (3)(A) or (C), 

or (7) may be disclosed in any judicial or administrative 

proceeding pertaining to enforcement of a specifically designated Federal criminal statute or related civil forfeiture 

(not involving tax administration) to which the United 

States or a Federal agency is a party. 

(C) CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANT; IMPAIRMENT OF INVESTIGATIONS.—No return or return information shall be admitted into evidence under subparagraph (A)(i) or (B) if 

the Secretary determines and notifies the Attorney General or his delegate or the head of the Federal agency that 

such admission would identify a confidential informant or 

seriously impair a civil or criminal tax investigation. 

(D) CONSIDERATION OF CONFIDENTIALITY POLICY.—In ruling upon the admissibility of returns or return information, and in the issuance of an order under subparagraph 

(A)(ii), the court shall give due consideration to congressional policy favoring the confidentiality of returns and return information as set forth in this title. 

(E) REVERSIBLE ERROR.—The admission into evidence of 

any return or return information contrary to the provisions 

of this paragraph shall not, as such, constitute reversible 

error upon appeal of a judgment in the proceeding. 

(5) DISCLOSURE TO LOCATE FUGITIVES FROM JUSTICE.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (6), 

the return of an individual or return information with respect to such individual shall, pursuant to and upon the 

grant of an ex parte order by a Federal district court judge 

or magistrate judge under subparagraph (B), be open (but 

only to the extent necessary as provided in such order) to 

inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of 


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any Federal agency exclusively for use in locating such individual. 

(B) APPLICATION FOR ORDER.—Any person described in 

paragraph (1)(B) may authorize an application to a Federal district court judge or magistrate judge for an order 

referred to in subparagraph (A). Upon such application, 

such judge or magistrate judge may grant such order if he 

determines on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant that— 

(i) a Federal arrest warrant relating to the commission of a Federal felony offense has been issued for an 

individual who is a fugitive from justice, 

(ii) the return of such individual or return information with respect to such individual is sought exclusively for use in locating such individual, and 

(iii) there is reasonable cause to believe that such 

return or return information may be relevant in determining the location of such individual. 

(6) CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANTS; IMPAIRMENT OF INVESTIGATIONS.—The Secretary shall not disclose any return or return 

information under paragraph (1), (2), (3)(A) or (C), (5), (7), or 

(8) if the Secretary determines (and, in the case of a request 

for disclosure pursuant to a court order described in paragraph 

(1)(B) or (5)(B), certifies to the court) that such disclosure 

would identify a confidential informant or seriously impair a 

civil or criminal tax investigation. 

(7) DISCLOSURE UPON REQUEST OF INFORMATION RELATING TO

TERRORIST ACTIVITIES, ETC..— 

(A) DISCLOSURE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), upon receipt by the Secretary of a written request 

which meets the requirements of clause (iii), the Secretary may disclose return information (other than 

taxpayer return information) to officers and employees 

of any Federal law enforcement agency who are personally and directly engaged in the response to or investigation of any terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(ii) DISCLOSURE TO STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.—The head of any Federal law enforcement agency may disclose return information obtained under clause (i) to officers and employees of any 

State or local law enforcement agency but only if such 

agency is part of a team with the Federal law enforcement agency in such response or investigation and 

such information is disclosed only to officers and employees who are personally and directly engaged in 

such response or investigation. 

(iii) REQUIREMENTS.—A request meets the requirements of this clause if— 

(I) the request is made by the head of any Federal law enforcement agency (or his delegate) involved in the response to or investigation of any 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity, and 


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(II) the request sets forth the specific reason or 

reasons why such disclosure may be relevant to a 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(iv) LIMITATION ON USE OF INFORMATION.—Information disclosed under this subparagraph shall be solely 

for the use of the officers and employees to whom such 

information is disclosed in such response or investigation. 

(v) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—For purposes of this subparagraph, a taxpayer’s identity shall not be treated 

as taxpayer return information. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), upon receipt by the Secretary of a written request 

which meets the requirements of clause (ii), the Secretary may disclose return information (other than 

taxpayer return information) to those officers and employees of the Department of Justice, the Department 

of the Treasury, and other Federal intelligence agencies who are personally and directly engaged in the 

collection or analysis of intelligence and counterintelligence information or investigation concerning any 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity. For purposes of 

the preceding sentence, the information disclosed 

under the preceding sentence shall be solely for the 

use of such officers and employees in such investigation, collection, or analysis. 

(ii) REQUIREMENTS.—A request meets the requirements of this subparagraph if the request— 

(I) is made by an individual described in clause 

(iii), and 

(II) sets forth the specific reason or reasons why 

such disclosure may be relevant to a terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(iii) REQUESTING INDIVIDUALS.—An individual described in this subparagraph is an individual— 

(I) who is an officer or employee of the Department of Justice or the Department of the Treasury 

who is appointed by the President with the advice 

and consent of the Senate or who is the Director 

of the United States Secret Service, and 

(II) who is responsible for the collection and 

analysis of intelligence and counterintelligence information concerning any terrorist incident, 

threat, or activity. 

(iv) TAXPAYER IDENTITY.—For purposes of this subparagraph, a taxpayer’s identity shall not be treated 

as taxpayer return information. 

(C) DISCLOSURE UNDER EX PARTE ORDERS.— (i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), any return or return information with respect to 

any specified taxable period or periods shall, pursuant 

to and upon the grant of an ex parte order by a Federal district court judge or magistrate judge under 

clause (ii), be open (but only to the extent necessary 


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as provided in such order) to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of any Federal law enforcement agency or Federal intelligence agency who 

are personally and directly engaged in any investigation, response to, or analysis of intelligence and counterintelligence information concerning any terrorist incident, threat, or activity. Return or return information opened to inspection or disclosure pursuant to the 

preceding sentence shall be solely for the use of such 

officers and employees in the investigation, response, 

or analysis, and in any judicial, administrative, or 

grand jury proceedings, pertaining to such terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

(ii) APPLICATION FOR ORDER.—The Attorney General, 

the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney 

General, any Assistant Attorney General, or any 

United States attorney may authorize an application 

to a Federal district court judge or magistrate judge 

for the order referred to in clause (i). Upon such application, such judge or magistrate judge may grant such 

order if he determines on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant that— 

(I) there is reasonable cause to believe, based 

upon information believed to be reliable, that the 

return or return information may be relevant to a 

matter relating to such terrorist incident, threat, 

or activity, and 

(II) the return or return information is sought 

exclusively for use in a Federal investigation, 

analysis, or proceeding concerning any terrorist 

incident, threat, or activity. 

(D) SPECIAL RULE FOR EX PARTE DISCLOSURE BY THE

IRS.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph 

(6), the Secretary may authorize an application to a 

Federal district court judge or magistrate judge for the 

order referred to in subparagraph (C)(i). Upon such 

application, such judge or magistrate judge may grant 

such order if he determines on the basis of the facts 

submitted by the applicant that the requirements of 

subparagraph (C)(ii)(I) are met. 

(ii) LIMITATION ON USE OF INFORMATION.—Information disclosed under clause (i)— 

(I) may be disclosed only to the extent necessary 

to apprise the head of the appropriate Federal law 

enforcement agency responsible for investigating 

or responding to a terrorist incident, threat, or activity, and 

(II) shall be solely for use in a Federal investigation, analysis, or proceeding concerning any 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 

The head of such Federal agency may disclose such information to officers and employees of such agency to 

the extent necessary to investigate or respond to such 

terrorist incident, threat, or activity. 


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(8) COMPTROLLER GENERAL.— (A) RETURNS AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION.—Except as 

provided in subparagraph (C), upon written request by the 

Comptroller General of the United States, returns and return information shall be open to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of the Government Accountability Office for the purpose of, and to the extent 

necessary in, making— 

(i) an audit of the Internal Revenue Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 

Department of Justice, or the Tax and Trade Bureau, 

Department of the Treasury, which may be required 

by section 713 of title 31, United States Code, or 

(ii) any audit authorized by subsection (p)(6), 

except that no such officer or employee shall, except to the 

extent authorized by subsection (f) or (p)(6), disclose to any 

person, other than another officer or employee of such office whose official duties require such disclosure, any return or return information described in section 4424(a) in 

a form which can be associated with, or otherwise identify, 

directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer, nor shall such 

officer or employee disclose any other return or return information, except as otherwise expressly provided by law, 

to any person other than such other officer or employee of 

such office in a form which can be associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer. 

(B) AUDITS OF OTHER AGENCIES.— (i) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this section shall prohibit any return or return information obtained under 

this title by any Federal agency (other than an agency 

referred to in subparagraph (A)) or by a Trustee as defined in the District of Columbia Retirement Protection Act of 1997, for use in any program or activity 

from being open to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of the Government Accountability 

Office if such inspection or disclosure is— 

(I) for purposes of, and to the extent necessary 

in, making an audit authorized by law of such 

program or activity, and 

(II) pursuant to a written request by the Comptroller General of the United States to the head of 

such Federal agency. 

(ii) INFORMATION FROM SECRETARY.—If the Comptroller General of the United States determines that 

the returns or return information available under 

clause (i) are not sufficient for purposes of making an 

audit of any program or activity of a Federal agency 

(other than an agency referred to in subparagraph 

(A)), upon written request by the Comptroller General 

to the Secretary, returns and return information (of 

the type authorized by subsection (l) or (m) to be made 

available to the Federal agency for use in such program or activity) shall be open to inspection by, or disclosure to, officers and employees of the Government 


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Accountability Office for the purpose of, and to the extent necessary in, making such audit. 

(iii) REQUIREMENT OF NOTIFICATION UPON COMPLE- TION OF AUDIT.—Within 90 days after the completion 

of an audit with respect to which returns or return information were opened to inspection or disclosed under 

clause (i) or (ii), the Comptroller General of the United 

States shall notify in writing the Joint Committee on 

Taxation of such completion. Such notice shall include— 

(I) a description of the use of the returns and return information by the Federal agency involved, 

(II) such recommendations with respect to the 

use of returns and return information by such 

Federal agency as the Comptroller General deems 

appropriate, and 

(III) a statement on the impact of any such recommendations on confidentiality of returns and 

return information and the administration of this 

title. 

(iv) CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS MADE APPLICABLE.—The 

restrictions contained in subparagraph (A) on the disclosure of any returns or return information open to 

inspection or disclosed under such subparagraph shall 

also apply to returns and return information open to 

inspection or disclosed under this subparagraph. 

(C) DISAPPROVAL BY JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION.— Returns and return information shall not be open to inspection or disclosed under subparagraph (A) or (B) with 

respect to an audit— 

(i) unless the Comptroller General of the United 

States notifies in writing the Joint Committee on Taxation of such audit, and 

(ii) if the Joint Committee on Taxation disapproves 

such audit by a vote of at least two-thirds of its members within the 30-day period beginning on the day 

the Joint Committee on Taxation receives such notice. 

(j) STATISTICAL USE.— (1) DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.—Upon request in writing by 

the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary shall furnish— 

(A) such returns, or return information reflected thereon, 

to officers and employees of the Bureau of the Census, and 

(B) such return information reflected on returns of corporations to officers and employees of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, 

as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation for the purpose 

of, but only to the extent necessary in, the structuring of censuses and national economic accounts and conducting related 

statistical activities authorized by law. 

(2) FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION.—Upon request in writing 

by the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, the Secretary shall furnish such return information reflected on any 

return of a corporation with respect to the tax imposed by 

chapter 1 to officers and employees of the Division of Financial 

Statistics of the Bureau of Economics of such commission as 


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the Secretary may prescribe by regulation for the purpose of, 

but only to the extent necessary in, administration by such division of legally authorized economic surveys of corporations. 

(3) DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY.—Returns and return information shall be open to inspection by or disclosure to officers 

and employees of the Department of the Treasury whose official duties require such inspection or disclosure for the purpose 

of, but only to the extent necessary in, preparing economic or 

financial forecasts, projections, analyses, and statistical studies 

and conducting related activities. Such inspection or disclosure 

shall be permitted only upon written request which sets forth 

the specific reason or reasons why such inspection or disclosure 

is necessary and which is signed by the head of the bureau or 

office of the Department of the Treasury requesting the inspection or disclosure. 

(4) ANONYMOUS FORM.—No person who receives a return or 

return information under this subsection shall disclose such return or return information to any person other than the taxpayer to whom it relates except in a form which cannot be associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a 

particular taxpayer. 

(5) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.—Upon request in writing 

by the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary shall furnish 

such returns, or return information reflected thereon, as the 

Secretary may prescribe by regulation to officers and employees of the Department of Agriculture whose official duties require access to such returns or information for the purpose of, 

but only to the extent necessary in, structuring, preparing, and 

conducting the census of agriculture pursuant to the Census of 

Agriculture Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-113). 

(6) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE.—Upon written request 

by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary shall furnish to officers and employees of the Congressional Budget Office return information for the purpose of, but 

only to the extent necessary for, long-term models of the social 

security and medicare programs. 

(k) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION

FOR TAX ADMINISTRATION PURPOSES.— (1) DISCLOSURE OF ACCEPTED OFFERS-IN-COMPROMISE.—Return information shall be disclosed to members of the general 

public to the extent necessary to permit inspection of any accepted offer-in-compromise under section 7122 relating to the 

liability for a tax imposed by this title. 

(2) DISCLOSURE OF AMOUNT OF OUTSTANDING LIEN.—If a notice of lien has been filed pursuant to section 6323(f), the 

amount of the outstanding obligation secured by such lien may 

be disclosed to any person who furnishes satisfactory written 

evidence that he has a right in the property subject to such 

lien or intends to obtain a right in such property. 

(3) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CORRECT

MISSTATEMENTS OF FACT.—The Secretary may, but only following approval by the Joint Committee on Taxation, disclose 

such return information or any other information with respect 

to any specific taxpayer to the extent necessary for tax administration purposes to correct a misstatement of fact published 


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or disclosed with respect to such taxpayer’s return or any 

transaction of the taxpayer with the Internal Revenue Service. 

(4) DISCLOSURE OF COMPETENT AUTHORITY UNDER INCOME

TAX CONVENTION.—A return or return information may be disclosed to a competent authority of a foreign government which 

has an income tax or gift and estate tax convention, or other 

convention or bilateral agreement relating to the exchange of 

tax information, with the United States but only to the extent 

provided in, and subject to the terms and conditions of, such 

convention or bilateral agreement. 

(5) STATE AGENCIES REGULATING TAX RETURN PREPARERS.— Taxpayer identity information with respect to any tax return 

preparer, and information as to whether or not any penalty 

has been assessed against such tax return preparer under section 6694, 6695, or 7216, may be furnished to any agency, 

body, or commission lawfully charged under any State or local 

law with the licensing, registration, or regulation of tax return 

preparers. Such information may be furnished only upon written request by the head of such agency, body, or commission 

designating the officers or employees to whom such information is to be furnished. Information may be furnished and used 

under this paragraph only for purposes of the licensing, registration, or regulation of tax return preparers. 

(6) DISCLOSURE BY CERTAIN OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES FOR

INVESTIGATIVE PURPOSES.—An internal revenue officer or employee and an officer or employee of the Office of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration may, in connection 

with his official duties relating to any audit, collection activity, 

or civil or criminal tax investigation or any other offense under 

the internal revenue laws, disclose return information to the 

extent that such disclosure is necessary in obtaining information, which is not otherwise reasonably available, with respect 

to the correct determination of tax, liability for tax, or the 

amount to be collected or with respect to the enforcement of 

any other provision of this title. Such disclosures shall be made 

only in such situations and under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation. 

(7) DISCLOSURE OF EXCISE TAX REGISTRATION INFORMATION.— To the extent the Secretary determines that disclosure is necessary to permit the effective administration of subtitle D, the 

Secretary may disclose— 

(A) the name, address, and registration number of each 

person who is registered under any provision of subtitle D 

(and, in the case of a registered terminal operator, the address of each terminal operated by such operator), and 

(B) the registration status of any person. 

(8) LEVIES ON CERTAIN GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS.— 

(A) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION IN LEVIES ON

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE.—In serving a notice of 

levy, or release of such levy, with respect to any applicable 

government payment, the Secretary may disclose to officers and employees of the Financial Management Service— 

(i) return information, including taxpayer identity 

information, 


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(ii) the amount of any unpaid liability under this 

title (including penalties and interest), and 

(iii) the type of tax and tax period to which such unpaid liability relates. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— Return information disclosed under subparagraph (A) may 

be used by officers and employees of the Financial Management Service only for the purpose of, and to the extent 

necessary in, transferring levied funds in satisfaction of 

the levy, maintaining appropriate agency records in regard 

to such levy or the release thereof, notifying the taxpayer 

and the agency certifying such payment that the levy has 

been honored, or in the defense of any litigation ensuing 

from the honor of such levy. 

(C) APPLICABLE GOVERNMENT PAYMENT.—For purposes of 

this paragraph, the term ‘‘applicable government payment’’ 

means— 

(i) any Federal payment (other than a payment for 

which eligibility is based on the income or assets (or 

both) of a payee) certified to the Financial Management Service for disbursement, and 

(ii) any other payment which is certified to the Financial Management Service for disbursement and 

which the Secretary designates by published notice. 

(9) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO ADMINISTER SECTION

6311.—The Secretary may disclose returns or return information to financial institutions and others to the extent the Secretary deems necessary for the administration of section 6311. 

Disclosures of information for purposes other than to accept 

payments by checks or money orders shall be made only to the 

extent authorized by written procedures promulgated by the 

Secretary. 

(10) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMA- TION TO CERTAIN PRISON OFFICIALS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Under such procedures as the Secretary may prescribe, the Secretary may disclose to officers 

and employees of the Federal Bureau of Prisons and of any 

State agency charged with the responsibility for administration of prisons any returns or return information with 

respect to individuals incarcerated in Federal or State 

prison systems whom the Secretary has determined may 

have filed or facilitated the filing of a false or fraudulent 

return to the extent that the Secretary determines that 

such disclosure is necessary to permit effective Federal tax 

administration. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO CONTRACTOR-RUN PRISONS.—Under 

such procedures as the Secretary may prescribe, the disclosures authorized by subparagraph (A) may be made to contractors responsible for the operation of a Federal or State 

prison on behalf of such Bureau or agency. 

(C) RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— Any return or return information received under this paragraph shall be used only for the purposes of and to the extent necessary in taking administrative action to prevent 

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istrative actions to address possible violations of administrative rules and regulations of the prison facility and in 

administrative and judicial proceedings arising from such 

administrative actions. 

(D) RESTRICTIONS ON REDISCLOSURE AND DISCLOSURE TO

LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES.—Notwithstanding subsection 

(h)— 

(i) RESTRICTIONS ON REDISCLOSURE.—Except as provided in clause (ii), any officer, employee, or contractor 

of the Federal Bureau of Prisons or of any State agency charged with the responsibility for administration 

of prisons shall not disclose any information obtained 

under this paragraph to any person other than an officer or employee or contractor of such Bureau or agency personally and directly engaged in the administration of prison facilities on behalf of such Bureau or 

agency. 

(ii) DISCLOSURE TO LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES.—The 

returns and return information disclosed under this 

paragraph may be disclosed to the duly authorized 

legal representative of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, 

State agency, or contractor charged with the responsibility for administration of prisons, or of the incarcerated individual accused of filing the false or fraudulent 

return who is a party to an action or proceeding described in subparagraph (C), solely in preparation for, 

or for use in, such action or proceeding. 

(11) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO DEPARTMENT

OF STATE FOR PURPOSES OF PASSPORT REVOCATION UNDER SECTION 7345.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, upon receiving a 

certification described in section 7345, disclose to the Secretary of State return information with respect to a taxpayer who has a seriously delinquent tax debt described in 

such section. Such return information shall be limited to— 

(i) the taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer, and 

(ii) the amount of such seriously delinquent tax 

debt. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—Return information 

disclosed under subparagraph (A) may be used by officers 

and employees of the Department of State for the purposes 

of, and to the extent necessary in, carrying out the requirements of section 32101 of the FAST Act. 

(12) QUALIFIED TAX COLLECTION CONTRACTORS.—Persons providing services pursuant to a qualified tax collection contract 

under section 6306 may, if speaking to a person who has identified himself or herself as having the name of the taxpayer to 

which a tax receivable (within the meaning of such section) relates, identify themselves as contractors of the Internal Revenue Service and disclose the business name of the contractor, 

and the nature, subject, and reason for the contact. Disclosures 

under this paragraph shall be made only in such situations 

and under such conditions as have been approved by the Secretary. 


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(l) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION FOR PUR- POSES OTHER THAN TAX ADMINISTRATION.— (1) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMA- TION TO SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION AND RAILROAD RE- TIREMENT BOARD.—The Secretary may, upon written request, 

disclose returns and return information with respect to— 

(A) taxes imposed by chapters 2, 21, and 24, to the Social Security Administration for purposes of its administration of the Social Security Act; 

(B) a plan to which part I of subchapter D of chapter 1 

applies, to the Social Security Administration for purposes 

of carrying out its responsibility under section 1131 of the 

Social Security Act, limited, however to return information 

described in section 6057(d); and 

(C) taxes imposed by chapter 22, to the Railroad Retirement Board for purposes of its administration of the Railroad Retirement Act. 

(2) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY

CORPORATION.—The Secretary may, upon written request, furnish returns and return information to the proper officers and 

employees of the Department of Labor and the Pension Benefit 

Guaranty Corporation for purposes of, but only to the extent 

necessary in, the administration of titles I and IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. 

(3) DISCLOSURE THAT APPLICANT FOR FEDERAL LOAN HAS TAX

DELINQUENT ACCOUNT.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request, the Secretary 

may disclose to the head of the Federal agency administering any included Federal loan program whether or not 

an applicant for a loan under such program has a tax delinquent account. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—Any disclosure under 

subparagraph (A) shall be made only for the purpose of, 

and to the extent necessary in, determining the creditworthiness of the applicant for the loan in question. 

(C) INCLUDED FEDERAL LOAN PROGRAM DEFINED.—For 

purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘included Federal 

loan program’’ means any program under which the 

United States or a Federal agency makes, guarantees, or 

insures loans. 

(4) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION FOR

USE IN PERSONNEL OR CLAIMANT REPRESENTATIVE MATTERS.— 

The Secretary may disclose returns and return information— 

(A) upon written request— 

(i) to an employee or former employee of the Department of the Treasury, or to the duly authorized legal 

representative of such employee or former employee, 

who is or may be a party to any administrative action 

or proceeding affecting the personnel rights of such 

employee or former employee; or 

(ii) to any person, or to the duly authorized legal 

representative of such person, whose rights are or may 

be affected by an administrative action or proceeding 

under section 330 of title 31, United States Code, 


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solely for use in the action or proceeding, or in preparation 

for the action or proceeding, but only to the extent that the 

Secretary determines that such returns or return information is or may be relevant and material to the action or 

proceeding; or 

(B) to officers and employees of the Department of the 

Treasury for use in any action or proceeding described in 

subparagraph (A), or in preparation for such action or proceeding, to the extent necessary to advance or protect the 

interests of the United States. 

(5) SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.—Upon written request by the Commissioner of Social Security, the Secretary 

may disclose information returns filed pursuant to part III of 

subchapter A of chapter 61 of this subtitle for the purpose of— 

(A) carrying out, in accordance with an agreement entered into pursuant to section 232 of the Social Security 

Act, an effective return processing program; or 

(B) providing information regarding the mortality status 

of individuals for epidemiological and similar research in 

accordance with section 1106(d) of the Social Security Act. 

(6) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO FEDERAL, STATE, 

AND LOCAL CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— 

(A) RETURN INFORMATION FROM INTERNAL REVENUE

SERVICE.—The Secretary may, upon written request, disclose to the appropriate Federal, State, or local child support enforcement agency— 

(i) available return information from the master files 

of the Internal Revenue Service relating to the social 

security account number (or numbers, if the individual 

involved has more than one such number), address, filing status, amounts and nature of income, and the 

number of dependents reported on any return filed by, 

or with respect to, any individual with respect to 

whom child support obligations are sought to be established or enforced pursuant to the provisions of part D 

of title IV of the Social Security Act and with respect 

to any individual to whom such support obligations 

are owing, and 

(ii) available return information reflected on any return filed by, or with respect to, any individual described in clause (i) relating to the amount of such individual’s gross income (as defined in section 61) or 

consisting of the names and addresses of payors of 

such income and the names of any dependents reported on such return, but only if such return information is not reasonably available from any other source. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO CERTAIN AGENTS.—The following information disclosed to any child support enforcement agency under subparagraph (A) with respect to any individual 

with respect to whom child support obligations are sought 

to be established or enforced may be disclosed by such 

agency to any agent of such agency which is under contract with such agency to carry out the purposes described 

in subparagraph (C): 


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(i) The address and social security account number 

(or numbers) of such individual. 

(ii) The amount of any reduction under section 

6402(c) (relating to offset of past-due support against 

overpayments) in any overpayment otherwise payable 

to such individual. 

(C) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—Information may be 

disclosed under this paragraph only for purposes of, and to 

the extent necessary in, establishing and collecting child 

support obligations from, and locating, individuals owing 

such obligations. 

(7) Disclosure of return information to Federal, State, and 

local agencies administering certain programs under the Social 

Security Act, the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 of 1977, or 

title 38, United States Code, or certain housing assistance programs 

(A) RETURN INFORMATION FROM SOCIAL SECURITY AD- MINISTRATION.—The Commissioner of Social Security shall, 

upon written request, disclose return information from returns with respect to net earnings from self-employment 

(as defined in section 1402), wages (as defined in section 

3121(a) or 3401(a)), and payments of retirement income, 

which have been disclosed to the Social Security Administration as provided by paragraph (1) or (5) of this subsection, to any Federal, State, or local agency administering a program listed in subparagraph (D). 

(B) RETURN INFORMATION FROM INTERNAL REVENUE

SERVICE.—The Secretary shall, upon written request, disclose current return information from returns with respect 

to unearned income from the Internal Revenue Service 

files to any Federal, State, or local agency administering 

a program listed in subparagraph (D). 

(C) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The Commissioner of 

Social Security and the Secretary shall disclose return information under subparagraphs (A) and (B) only for purposes of, and to the extent necessary in, determining eligibility for, or the correct amount of, benefits under a program listed in subparagraph (D). 

(D) PROGRAMS TO WHICH RULE APPLIES.—The programs 

to which this paragraph applies are: 

(i) a State program funded under part A of title IV 

of the Social Security Act; 

(ii) medical assistance provided under a State plan 

approved under title XIX of the Social Security Act or 

subsidies provided under section 1860D-14 of such Act; 

(iii) supplemental security income benefits provided 

under title XVI of the Social Security Act, and federally administered supplementary payments of the type 

described in section 1616(a) of such Act (including payments pursuant to an agreement entered into under 

section 212(a) of Public Law 93-66); 

(iv) any benefits provided under a State plan approved under title I, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act (as those titles apply to Puerto Rico, Guam, 

and the Virgin Islands); 


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(v) unemployment compensation provided under a 

State law described in section 3304 of this title; 

(vi) assistance provided under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008; 

(vii) State-administered supplementary payments of 

the type described in section 1616(a) of the Social Security Act (including payments pursuant to an agreement entered into under section 212(a) of Public Law 

93-66); 

(viii)(I) any needs-based pension provided under 

chapter 15 of title 38, United States Code, or under 

any other law administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs; 

(II) parents’ dependency and indemnity compensation provided under section 1315 of title 38, 

United States Code; 

(III) health-care services furnished under sections 1710(a)(2)(G), 1710(a)(3), and 1710(b) of such 

title; and 

(IV) compensation paid under chapter 11 of title 

38, United States Code, at the 100 percent rate 

based solely on unemployability and without regard to the fact that the disability or disabilities 

are not rated as 100 percent disabling under the 

rating schedule; and 

(ix) any housing assistance program administered by 

the Department of Housing and Urban Development 

that involves initial and periodic review of an applicant’s or participant’s income, except that return information may be disclosed under this clause only on 

written request by the Secretary of Housing and 

Urban Development and only for use by officers and 

employees of the Department of Housing and Urban 

Development with respect to applicants for and participants in such programs. 

Only return information from returns with respect to net 

earnings from self-employment and wages may be disclosed under this paragraph for use with respect to any 

program described in clause (viii)(IV). 

(8) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN RETURN INFORMATION BY SOCIAL

SECURITY ADMINISTRATION TO FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request, the Commissioner of Social Security shall disclose directly to officers 

and employees of a Federal or State or local child support 

enforcement agency return information from returns with 

respect to social security account numbers, net earnings 

from self-employment (as defined in section 1402), wages 

(as defined in section 3121(a) or 3401(a)), and payments of 

retirement income which have been disclosed to the Social 

Security Administration as provided by paragraph (1) or 

(5) of this subsection. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The Commissioner of 

Social Security shall disclose return information under 

subparagraph (A) only for purposes of, and to the extent 


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necessary in, establishing and collecting child support obligations from, and locating, individuals owing such obligations. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 

‘‘child support obligations’’ only includes obligations which 

are being enforced pursuant to a plan described in section 

454 of the Social Security Act which has been approved by 

the Secretary of Health and Human Services under part D 

of title IV of such Act. 

(C) STATE OR LOCAL CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT AGEN- CY.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘State or 

local child support enforcement agency’’ means any agency 

of a State or political subdivision thereof operating pursuant to a plan described in subparagraph (B). 

(9) DISCLOSURE OF ALCOHOL FUEL PRODUCERS TO ADMINISTRATORS OF STATE ALCOHOL LAWS.—Notwithstanding any other 

provision of this section, the Secretary may disclose— 

(A) the name and address of any person who is qualified 

to produce alcohol for fuel use under section 5181, and 

(B) the location of any premises to be used by such person in producing alcohol for fuel, 

to any State agency, body, or commission, or its legal representative, which is charged under the laws of such State 

with responsibility for administration of State alcohol laws 

solely for use in the administration of such laws. 

(10) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN INFORMATION TO AGENCIES RE- QUESTING A REDUCTION UNDER SUBSECTION (C), (D), (E), OR (F) OF

SECTION 6402.— (A) RETURN INFORMATION FROM INTERNAL REVENUE

SERVICE.—The Secretary may, upon receiving a written request, disclose to officers and employees of any agency 

seeking a reduction under subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f) of 

section 6402, to officers and employees of the Department 

of Labor for purposes of facilitating the exchange of data 

in connection with a request made under subsection (f)(5) 

of section 6402, and to officers and employees of the Department of the Treasury in connection with such reduction— 

(i) taxpayer identity information with respect to the 

taxpayer against whom such a reduction was made or 

not made and with respect to any other person filing 

a joint return with such taxpayer, 

(ii) the fact that a reduction has been made or has 

not been made under such subsection with respect to 

such taxpayer, 

(iii) the amount of such reduction, 

(iv) whether such taxpayer filed a joint return, and 

(v) the fact that a payment was made (and the 

amount of the payment) to the spouse of the taxpayer 

on the basis of a joint return. 

(B)(i) Restriction on use of disclosed information 

Any officers and employees of an agency receiving return 

information under subparagraph (A) shall use such information only for the purposes of, and to the extent necessary in, establishing appropriate agency records, locating 

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section (c), (d), (e), or (f) of section 6402 is sought for purposes of collecting the debt with respect to which the reduction is sought, or in the defense of any litigation or administrative procedure ensuing from a reduction made 

under subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f) of section 6402 and to 

officers and employees of the Department of the Treasury 

in connection with such reduction. 

(ii) Notwithstanding clause (i), return information 

disclosed to officers and employees of the Department 

of Labor may be accessed by agents who maintain and 

provide technological support to the Department of Labor’s Interstate Connection Network (ICON) solely for 

the purpose of providing such maintenance and support. 

(11) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CARRY OUT

FEDERAL EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commissioner of Social Security 

shall, on written request, disclose to the Office of Personnel Management return information from returns with 

respect to net earnings from self-employment (as defined 

in section 1402), wages (as defined in section 3121(a) or 

3401(a)), and payments of retirement income, which have 

been disclosed to the Social Security Administration as 

provided by paragraph (1) or (5). 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The Commissioner of 

Social Security shall disclose return information under 

subparagraph (A) only for purposes of, and to the extent 

necessary in, the administration of chapters 83 and 84 of 

title 5, United States Code. 

(12) DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN TAXPAYER IDENTITY INFORMA- TION FOR VERIFICATION OF EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF MEDICARE

BENEFICIARY AND SPOUSE OF MEDICARE BENEFICIARY.— 

(A) RETURN INFORMATION FROM INTERNAL REVENUE

SERVICE.—The Secretary shall, upon written request from 

the Commissioner of Social Security, disclose to the Commissioner available filing status and taxpayer identity information from the individual master files of the Internal 

Revenue Service relating to whether any medicare beneficiary identified by the Commissioner was a married individual (as defined in section 7703) for any specified year 

after 1986, and, if so, the name of the spouse of such individual and such spouse’s TIN. 

(B) RETURN INFORMATION FROM SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.—The Commissioner of Social Security shall, 

upon written request from the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, disclose to the Administrator the following information: 

(i) The name and TIN of each medicare beneficiary 

who is identified as having received wages (as defined 

in section 3401(a)), above an amount (if any) specified 

by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, from 

a qualified employer in a previous year. 

(ii) For each medicare beneficiary who was identified 

as married under subparagraph (A) and whose spouse 

is identified as having received wages, above an 


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amount (if any) specified by the Secretary of Health 

and Human Services, from a qualified employer in a 

previous year— 

(I) the name and TIN of the medicare beneficiary, and 

(II) the name and TIN of the spouse. 

(iii) With respect to each such qualified employer, 

the name, address, and TIN of the employer and the 

number of individuals with respect to whom written 

statements were furnished under section 6051 by the 

employer with respect to such previous year. 

(C) DISCLOSURE BY CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID

SERVICES.—With respect to the information disclosed 

under subparagraph (B), the Administrator of the Centers 

for Medicare & Medicaid Services may disclose— 

(i) to the qualified employer referred to in such subparagraph the name and TIN of each individual identified under such subparagraph as having received 

wages from the employer (hereinafter in this subparagraph referred to as the ‘‘employee’’) for purposes of 

determining during what period such employee or the 

employee’s spouse may be (or have been) covered 

under a group health plan of the employer and what 

benefits are or were covered under the plan (including 

the name, address, and identifying number of the 

plan), 

(ii) to any group health plan which provides or provided coverage to such an employee or spouse, the 

name of such employee and the employee’s spouse (if 

the spouse is a medicare beneficiary) and the name 

and address of the employer, and, for the purpose of 

presenting a claim to the plan— 

(I) the TIN of such employee if benefits were 

paid under title XVIII of the Social Security Act 

with respect to the employee during a period in 

which the plan was a primary plan (as defined in 

section 1862(b)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act), 

and 

(II) the TIN of such spouse if benefits were paid 

under such title with respect to the spouse during 

such period, and 

(iii) to any agent of such Administrator the information referred to in subparagraph (B) for purposes of 

carrying out clauses (i) and (ii) on behalf of such Administrator. 

(D) SPECIAL RULES.— 

(i) RESTRICTIONS ON DISCLOSURE.—Information may 

be disclosed under this paragraph only for purposes of, 

and to the extent necessary in, determining the extent 

to which any medicare beneficiary is covered under 

any group health plan. 

(ii) TIMELY RESPONSE TO REQUESTS.—Any request 

made under subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be complied 

with as soon as possible but in no event later than 120 

days after the date the request was made. 


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(E) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this paragraph— 

(i) MEDICARE BENEFICIARY.—The term ‘‘medicare 

beneficiary’’ means an individual entitled to benefits 

under part A, or enrolled under part B, of title XVIII 

of the Social Security Act, but does not include such 

an individual enrolled in part A under section 1818. 

(ii) GROUP HEALTH PLAN.—The term ‘‘group health 

plan’’ means any group health plan (as defined in section 5000(b)(1)). 

(iii) QUALIFIED EMPLOYER.—The term ‘‘qualified employer’’ means, for a calendar year, an employer which 

has furnished written statements under section 6051 

with respect to at least 20 individuals for wages paid 

in the year. 

(13) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CARRY OUT INCOME CONTINGENT REPAYMENT OF STUDENT LOANS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may, upon written request from the Secretary of Education, disclose to officers 

and employees of the Department of Education return information with respect to a taxpayer who has received an 

applicable student loan and whose loan repayment 

amounts are based in whole or in part on the taxpayer’s 

income. Such return information shall be limited to— 

(i) taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer, 

(ii) the filing status of such taxpayer, and 

(iii) the adjusted gross income of such taxpayer. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— Return information disclosed under subparagraph (A) may 

be used by officers and employees of the Department of 

Education only for the purposes of, and to the extent necessary in, establishing the appropriate income contingent 

repayment amount for an applicable student loan. 

(C) APPLICABLE STUDENT LOAN.—For purposes of this 

paragraph, the term ‘‘applicable student loan’’ means— 

(i) any loan made under the program authorized 

under part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act 

of 1965, and 

(ii) any loan made under part B or E of title IV of 

the Higher Education Act of 1965 which is in default 

and has been assigned to the Department of Education. 

(D) TERMINATION.—This paragraph shall not apply to 

any request made after December 31, 2007. 

(14) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO UNITED STATES

CUSTOMS SERVICE.—The Secretary may, upon written request 

from the Commissioner of the United States Customs Service, 

disclose to officers and employees of the Department of the 

Treasury such return information with respect to taxes imposed by chapters 1 and 6 as the Secretary may prescribe by 

regulations, solely for the purpose of, and only to the extent 

necessary in— 

(A) ascertaining the correctness of any entry in audits as 

provided for in section 509 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 

U.S.C. 1509), or 


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(B) other actions to recover any loss of revenue, or to collect duties, taxes, and fees, determined to be due and 

owing pursuant to such audits. 

(15) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS FILED UNDER SECTION 6050I.— 

The Secretary may, upon written request, disclose to officers 

and employees of— 

(A) any Federal agency, 

(B) any agency of a State or local government, or 

(C) any agency of the government of a foreign country, 

information contained on returns filed under section 6050I. 

Any such disclosure shall be made on the same basis, and 

subject to the same conditions, as apply to disclosures of 

information on reports filed under section 5313 of title 31, 

United States Code; except that no disclosure under this 

paragraph shall be made for purposes of the administration of any tax law. 

(16) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION FOR PURPOSES OF

ADMINISTERING THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA RETIREMENT PROTECTION ACT OF 1997.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request available return 

information (including such information disclosed to the 

Social Security Administration under paragraph (1) or (5) 

of this subsection), relating to the amount of wage income 

(as defined in section 3121(a) or 3401(a)), the name, address, and identifying number assigned under section 

6109, of payors of wage income, taxpayer identity (as defined in subsection 6103 (b)(6)), and the occupational status reflected on any return filed by, or with respect to, any 

individual with respect to whom eligibility for, or the correct amount of, benefits under the District of Columbia Retirement Protection Act of 1997, is sought to be determined, shall be disclosed by the Commissioner of Social 

Security, or to the extent not available from the Social Security Administration, by the Secretary, to any duly authorized officer or employee of the Department of the 

Treasury, or a Trustee or any designated officer or employee of a Trustee (as defined in the District of Columbia 

Retirement Protection Act of 1997), or any actuary engaged by a Trustee under the terms of the District of Columbia Retirement Protection Act of 1997, whose official 

duties require such disclosure, solely for the purpose of, 

and to the extent necessary in, determining an individual’s 

eligibility for, or the correct amount of, benefits under the 

District of Columbia Retirement Protection Act of 1997. 

(B) DISCLOSURE FOR USE IN JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE

PROCEEDINGS.—Return information disclosed to any person 

under this paragraph may be disclosed in a judicial or administrative proceeding relating to the determination of an 

individual’s eligibility for, or the correct amount of, benefits under the District of Columbia Retirement Protection 

Act of 1997. 

(17) DISCLOSURE TO NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS AD- MINISTRATION.—The Secretary shall, upon written request from 

the Archivist of the United States, disclose or authorize the 

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ployees of the National Archives and Records Administration 

for purposes of, and only to the extent necessary in, the appraisal of records for destruction or retention. No such officer 

or employee shall, except to the extent authorized by subsection (f), (i)(8), or (p), disclose any return or return information disclosed under the preceding sentence to any person 

other than to the Secretary, or to another officer or employee 

of the National Archives and Records Administration whose official duties require such disclosure for purposes of such appraisal. 

(18) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION FOR PURPOSES OF

CARRYING OUT A PROGRAM FOR ADVANCE PAYMENT OF CREDIT

FOR HEALTH INSURANCE COSTS OF ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUALS.—The 

Secretary may disclose to providers of health insurance for any 

certified individual (as defined in section 7527(c)) return information with respect to such certified individual only to the extent necessary to carry out the program established by section 

7527 (relating to advance payment of credit for health insurance costs of eligible individuals). 

(19) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION FOR PURPOSES OF

PROVIDING TRANSITIONAL ASSISTANCE UNDER MEDICARE DISCOUNT CARD PROGRAM.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, upon written request 

from the Secretary of Health and Human Services pursuant to carrying out section 1860D-31 of the Social Security 

Act, shall disclose to officers, employees, and contractors of 

the Department of Health and Human Services with respect to a taxpayer for the applicable year— 

(i)(I) whether the adjusted gross income, as modified 

in accordance with specifications of the Secretary of 

Health and Human Services for purposes of carrying 

out such section, of such taxpayer and, if applicable, 

such taxpayer’s spouse, for the applicable year, exceeds the amounts specified by the Secretary of Health 

and Human Services in order to apply the 100 and 135 

percent of the poverty lines under such section, (II) 

whether the return was a joint return, and (III) the 

applicable year, or 

(ii) if applicable, the fact that there is no return filed 

for such taxpayer for the applicable year. 

(B) DEFINITION OF APPLICABLE YEAR.—For the purposes 

of this subsection, the term ‘‘applicable year’’ means the 

most recent taxable year for which information is available 

in the Internal Revenue Service’s taxpayer data information systems, or, if there is no return filed for such taxpayer for such year, the prior taxable year. 

(C) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— 

Return information disclosed under this paragraph may be 

used only for the purposes of determining eligibility for 

and administering transitional assistance under section 

1860D-31 of the Social Security Act. 

(20) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CARRY OUT

MEDICARE PART B PREMIUM SUBSIDY ADJUSTMENT AND PART D 

BASE BENEFICIARY PREMIUM INCREASE.— 


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(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, upon written request from the Commissioner of Social Security, disclose to 

officers, employees, and contractors of the Social Security 

Administration return information of a taxpayer whose 

premium (according to the records of the Secretary) may 

be subject to adjustment under section 1839(i) or increase 

under section 1860D-13(a)(7) of the Social Security Act. 

Such return information shall be limited to— 

(i) taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer, 

(ii) the filing status of such taxpayer, 

(iii) the adjusted gross income of such taxpayer, 

(iv) the amounts excluded from such taxpayer’s 

gross income under sections 135 and 911 to the extent 

such information is available, 

(v) the interest received or accrued during the taxable year which is exempt from the tax imposed by 

chapter 1 to the extent such information is available, 

(vi) the amounts excluded from such taxpayer’s 

gross income by sections 931 and 933 to the extent 

such information is available, 

(vii) such other information relating to the liability 

of the taxpayer as is prescribed by the Secretary by 

regulation as might indicate in the case of a taxpayer 

who is an individual described in subsection 

(i)(4)(B)(iii) of section 1839 of the Social Security Act 

that the amount of the premium of the taxpayer under 

such section may be subject to adjustment under subsection (i) of such section or increase under section 

1860D-13(a)(7) of such Act and the amount of such adjustment, and 

(viii) the taxable year with respect to which the preceding information relates. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—Return information disclosed under 

subparagraph (A) may be used by officers, employees, 

and contractors of the Social Security Administration 

only for the purposes of, and to the extent necessary 

in, establishing the appropriate amount of any premium adjustment under such section 1839(i) or increase under such section 1860D-13(a)(7) or for the 

purpose of resolving taxpayer appeals with respect to 

any such premium adjustment or increase. 

(ii) DISCLOSURE TO OTHER AGENCIES.—Officers, employees, and contractors of the Social Security Administration may disclose— 

(I) the taxpayer identity information and the 

amount of the premium subsidy adjustment or 

premium increase with respect to a taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) to officers, employees, 

and contractors of the Centers for Medicare and 

Medicaid Services, to the extent that such disclosure is necessary for the collection of the premium 

subsidy amount or the increased premium 

amount, 


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(II) the taxpayer identity information and the 

amount of the premium subsidy adjustment or the 

increased premium amount with respect to a taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) to officers 

and employees of the Office of Personnel Management and the Railroad Retirement Board, to the 

extent that such disclosure is necessary for the 

collection of the premium subsidy amount or the 

increased premium amount, 

(III) return information with respect to a taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) to officers 

and employees of the Department of Health and 

Human Services to the extent necessary to resolve 

administrative appeals of such premium subsidy 

adjustment or increased premium, and 

(IV) return information with respect to a taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) to officers 

and employees of the Department of Justice for 

use in judicial proceedings to the extent necessary 

to carry out the purposes described in clause (i). 

(21) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO CARRY OUT ELI- GIBILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN PROGRAMS.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, upon written request 

from the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall 

disclose to officers, employees, and contractors of the Department of Health and Human Services return information of any taxpayer whose income is relevant in determining any premium tax credit under section 36B or any 

cost-sharing reduction under section 1402 of the Patient 

Protection and Affordable Care Act or eligibility for participation in a State medicaid program under title XIX of the 

Social Security Act, a State’s children’s health insurance 

program under title XXI of the Social Security Act, or a 

basic health program under section 1331 of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Such return information 

shall be limited to— 

(i) taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer, 

(ii) the filing status of such taxpayer, 

(iii) the number of individuals for whom a deduction 

is allowed under section 151 with respect to the taxpayer (including the taxpayer and the taxpayer’s 

spouse), 

(iv) the modified adjusted gross income (as defined 

in section 36B) of such taxpayer and each of the other 

individuals included under clause (iii) who are required to file a return of tax imposed by chapter 1 for 

the taxable year, 

(v) such other information as is prescribed by the 

Secretary by regulation as might indicate whether the 

taxpayer is eligible for such credit or reduction (and 

the amount thereof), and 

(vi) the taxable year with respect to which the preceding information relates or, if applicable, the fact 

that such information is not available. 


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(B) INFORMATION TO EXCHANGE AND STATE AGENCIES.— The Secretary of Health and Human Services may disclose 

to an Exchange established under the Patient Protection 

and Affordable Care Act or its contractors, or to a State 

agency administering a State program described in subparagraph (A) or its contractors, any inconsistency between the information provided by the Exchange or State 

agency to the Secretary and the information provided to 

the Secretary under subparagraph (A). 

(C) RESTRICTION ON USE OF DISCLOSED INFORMATION.— Return information disclosed under subparagraph (A) or 

(B) may be used by officers, employees, and contractors of 

the Department of Health and Human Services, an Exchange, or a State agency only for the purposes of, and to 

the extent necessary in— 

(i) establishing eligibility for participation in the Exchange, and verifying the appropriate amount of, any 

credit or reduction described in subparagraph (A), 

(ii) determining eligibility for participation in the 

State programs described in subparagraph (A). 

(22) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION TO DEPARTMENT

OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FOR PURPOSES OF ENHANC- ING MEDICARE PROGRAM INTEGRITY.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, upon written request from the Secretary of Health and Human Services, 

disclose to officers and employees of the Department of 

Health and Human Services return information with respect to a taxpayer who has applied to enroll, or reenroll, 

as a provider of services or supplier under the Medicare 

program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act. Such 

return information shall be limited to— 

(i) the taxpayer identity information with respect to 

such taxpayer; 

(ii) the amount of the delinquent tax debt owed by 

that taxpayer; and 

(iii) the taxable year to which the delinquent tax 

debt pertains. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—Return information 

disclosed under subparagraph (A) may be used by officers 

and employees of the Department of Health and Human 

Services for the purposes of, and to the extent necessary 

in, establishing the taxpayer’s eligibility for enrollment or 

reenrollment in the Medicare program, or in any administrative or judicial proceeding relating to, or arising from, 

a denial of such enrollment or reenrollment, or in determining the level of enhanced oversight to be applied with 

respect to such taxpayer pursuant to section 1866(j)(3) of 

the Social Security Act. 

(C) DELINQUENT TAX DEBT.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘delinquent tax debt’’ means an outstanding debt under this title for which a notice of lien has 

been filed pursuant to section 6323, but the term does not 

include a debt that is being paid in a timely manner pursuant to an agreement under section 6159 or 7122, or a 

debt with respect to which a collection due process hearing 


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under section 6330 is requested, pending, or completed and 

no payment is required. 

(m) DISCLOSURE OF TAXPAYER IDENTITY INFORMATION.— (1) TAX REFUNDS.—The Secretary may disclose taxpayer 

identity information to the press and other media for purposes 

of notifying persons entitled to tax refunds when the Secretary, 

after reasonable effort and lapse of time, has been unable to 

locate such persons. 

(2) FEDERAL CLAIMS.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph 

(B), the Secretary may, upon written request, disclose the 

mailing address of a taxpayer for use by officers, employees, or agents of a Federal agency for purposes of locating 

such taxpayer to collect or compromise a Federal claim 

against the taxpayer in accordance with sections 3711, 

3717, and 3718 of title 31. 

(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCY.— 

In the case of an agent of a Federal agency which is a consumer reporting agency (within the meaning of section 

603(f) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 

1681a(f))), the mailing address of a taxpayer may be disclosed to such agent under subparagraph (A) only for the 

purpose of allowing such agent to prepare a commercial 

credit report on the taxpayer for use by such Federal agency in accordance with sections 3711, 3717, and 3718 of title 

31. 

(3) NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH.—Upon written request, the Secretary may disclose 

the mailing address of taxpayers to officers and employees of 

the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health solely for the purpose of locating individuals who are, or may have 

been, exposed to occupational hazards in order to determine 

the status of their health or to inform them of the possible 

need for medical care and treatment. 

(4) INDIVIDUALS WHO OWE AN OVERPAYMENT OF FEDERAL

PELL GRANTS OR WHO HAVE DEFAULTED ON STUDENT LOANS AD- MINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request by the Secretary 

of Education, the Secretary may disclose the mailing address of any taxpayer— 

(i) who owes an overpayment of a grant awarded to 

such taxpayer under subpart 1 of part A of title IV of 

the Higher Education Act of 1965, or 

(ii) who has defaulted on a loan— 

(I) made under part B, D, or E of title IV of the 

Higher Education Act of 1965, or 

(II) made pursuant to section 3(a)(1) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 to a 

student at an institution of higher education, 

for use only by officers, employees, or agents of the Department of Education for purposes of locating such taxpayer 

for purposes of collecting such overpayment or loan. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ETC..— 

Any mailing address disclosed under subparagraph (A)(i) 

may be disclosed by the Secretary of Education to— 


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(i) any lender, or any State or nonprofit guarantee 

agency, which is participating under part B or D of 

title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, or 

(ii) any educational institution with which the Secretary of Education has an agreement under subpart 

1 of part A, or part D or E, of title IV of such Act, 

for use only by officers, employees, or agents of such lender, guarantee agency, or institution whose duties relate to 

the collection of student loans for purposes of locating individuals who have defaulted on student loans made under 

such loan programs for purposes of collecting such loans. 

(5) INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE DEFAULTED ON STUDENT LOANS

ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN

SERVICES.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request by the Secretary 

of Health and Human Services, the Secretary may disclose 

the mailing address of any taxpayer who has defaulted on 

a loan made under part C of title VII of the Public Health 

Service Act or under subpart II of part B of title VIII of 

such Act, for use only by officers, employees, or agents of 

the Department of Health and Human Services for purposes of locating such taxpayer for purposes of collecting 

such loan. 

(B) DISCLOSURE TO SCHOOLS AND ELIGIBLE LENDERS.— Any mailing address disclosed under subparagraph (A) 

may be disclosed by the Secretary of Health and Human 

Services to— 

(i) any school with which the Secretary of Health 

and Human Services has an agreement under subpart 

II of part C of title VII of the Public Health Service 

Act or subpart II of part B of title VIII of such Act, 

or 

(ii) any eligible lender (within the meaning of section 737(4) of such Act) participating under subpart I 

of part C of title VII of such Act, 

for use only by officers, employees, or agents of such school 

or eligible lender whose duties relate to the collection of 

student loans for purposes of locating individuals who have 

defaulted on student loans made under such subparts for 

the purposes of collecting such loans. 

(6) BLOOD DONOR LOCATOR SERVICE.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written request pursuant to section 1141 of the Social Security Act, the Secretary shall 

disclose the mailing address of taxpayers to officers and 

employees of the Blood Donor Locator Service in the Department of Health and Human Services. 

(B) RESTRICTION ON DISCLOSURE.—The Secretary shall 

disclose return information under subparagraph (A) only 

for purposes of, and to the extent necessary in, assisting 

under the Blood Donor Locator Service authorized persons 

(as defined in section 1141(h)(1) of the Social Security Act) 

in locating blood donors who, as indicated by donated blood 

or products derived therefrom or by the history of the subsequent use of such blood or blood products, have or may 

have the virus for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, 


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in order to inform such donors of the possible need for 

medical care and treatment. 

(C) SAFEGUARDS.—The Secretary shall destroy all related blood donor records (as defined in section 1141(h)(2) 

of the Social Security Act) in the possession of the Department of the Treasury upon completion of their use in making the disclosure required under subparagraph (A), so as 

to make such records undisclosable. 

(7) SOCIAL SECURITY ACCOUNT STATEMENT FURNISHED BY SO- CIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.—Upon written request by the 

Commissioner of Social Security, the Secretary may disclose 

the mailing address of any taxpayer who is entitled to receive 

a social security account statement pursuant to section 1143(c) 

of the Social Security Act, for use only by officers, employees 

or agents of the Social Security Administration for purposes of 

mailing such statement to such taxpayer. 

(n) CERTAIN OTHER PERSONS.—Pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary, returns and return information may be 

disclosed to any person, including any person described in section 

7513(a), to the extent necessary in connection with the processing, 

storage, transmission, and reproduction of such returns and return 

information, the programming, maintenance, repair, testing, and 

procurement of equipment, and the providing of other services, for 

purposes of tax administration. 

(o) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION WITH

RESPECT TO CERTAIN TAXES.— (1) TAXES IMPOSED BY SUBTITLE E.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Returns and return information with 

respect to taxes imposed by subtitle E (relating to taxes on 

alcohol, tobacco, and firearms) shall be open to inspection 

by or disclosure to officers and employees of a Federal 

agency whose official duties require such inspection or disclosure. 

(B) USE IN CERTAIN PROCEEDINGS.—Returns and return 

information disclosed to a Federal agency under subparagraph (A) may be used in an action or proceeding (or in 

preparation for such action or proceeding) brought under 

section 625 of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 for 

the collection of any unpaid assessment or penalty arising 

under such Act. 

(2) TAXES IMPOSED BY CHAPTER 35.—Returns and return information with respect to taxes imposed by chapter 35 (relating 

to taxes on wagering) shall, notwithstanding any other provision of this section, be open to inspection by or disclosure only 

to such person or persons and for such purpose or purposes as 

are prescribed by section 4424. 

(p) PROCEDURE AND RECORDKEEPING.— 

(1) MANNER, TIME, AND PLACE OF INSPECTIONS.—Requests for 

the inspection or disclosure of a return or return information 

and such inspection or disclosure shall be made in such manner and at such time and place as shall be prescribed by the 

Secretary. 

(2) PROCEDURE.— 

(A) REPRODUCTION OF RETURNS.—A reproduction or certified reproduction of a return shall, upon written request, 


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be furnished to any person to whom disclosure or inspection of such return is authorized under this section. A reasonable fee may be prescribed for furnishing such reproduction or certified reproduction. 

(B) DISCLOSURE OF RETURN INFORMATION.—Return information disclosed to any person under the provisions of this 

title may be provided in the form of written documents, reproductions of such documents, films or photoimpressions, 

or electronically produced tapes, disks, or records, or by 

any other mode or means which the Secretary determines 

necessary or appropriate. A reasonable fee may be prescribed for furnishing such return information. 

(C) USE OF REPRODUCTIONS.—Any reproduction of any 

return, document, or other matter made in accordance 

with this paragraph shall have the same legal status as 

the original, and any such reproduction shall, if properly 

authenticated, be admissible in evidence in any judicial or 

administrative proceeding as if it were the original, whether or not the original is in existence. 

(3) RECORDS OF INSPECTION AND DISCLOSURE.— 

(A) SYSTEM OF RECORDKEEPING.—Except as otherwise 

provided by this paragraph, the Secretary shall maintain 

a permanent system of standardized records or accountings of all requests for inspection or disclosure of returns 

and return information (including the reasons for and 

dates of such requests) and of returns and return information inspected or disclosed under this section and section 

6104(c). Notwithstanding the provisions of section 552a(c) 

of title 5, United States Code, the Secretary shall not be 

required to maintain a record or accounting of requests for 

inspection or disclosure of returns and return information, 

or of returns and return information inspected or disclosed, under the authority of subsections (c), (e), (f)(5), 

(h)(1), (3)(A), or (4), (i)(4), or (8)(A)(ii),(k)(1), (2),(6), (8), or 

(9), (l)(1), (4)(B), (5), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), 

(15), (16), (17), or (18), (m), or (n). The records or accountings required to be maintained under this paragraph shall 

be available for examination by the Joint Committee on 

Taxation or the Chief of Staff of such joint committee. 

Such record or accounting shall also be available for examination by such person or persons as may be, but only to 

the extent, authorized to make such examination under 

section 552a(c)(3) of title 5, United States Code. 

(B) REPORT BY THE SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall, 

within 90 days after the close of each calendar year, furnish to the Joint Committee on Taxation a report with respect to, or summary of, the records or accountings described in subparagraph (A) in such form and containing 

such information as such joint committee or the Chief of 

Staff of such joint committee may designate. Such report 

or summary shall not, however, include a record or accounting of any request by the President under subsection 

(g) for, or the disclosure in response to such request of, any 

return or return information with respect to any individual 

who, at the time of such request, was an officer or emVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:12 May 13, 2016 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00104 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6601 E:\HR\OC\HR542.XXX HR542

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ployee of the executive branch of the Federal Government. 

Such report or summary, or any part thereof, may be disclosed by such joint committee to such persons and for 

such purposes as the joint committee may, by record vote 

of a majority of the members of the joint committee, determine. 

(C) PUBLIC REPORT ON DISCLOSURES.—The Secretary 

shall, within 90 days after the close of each calendar year, 

furnish to the Joint Committee on Taxation for disclosure 

to the public a report with respect to the records or accountings described in subparagraph (A) which— 

(i) provides with respect to each Federal agency, 

each agency, body, or commission described in subsection (d), (i)(3)(B)(i) or (7)(A)(ii), or (l)(6), and the 

Government Accountability Office the number of— 

(I) requests for disclosure of returns and return 

information, 

(II) instances in which returns and return information were disclosed pursuant to such requests 

or otherwise, 

(III) taxpayers whose returns, or return information with respect to whom, were disclosed pursuant to such requests, and 

(ii) describes the general purposes for which such requests were made, 

(4) SAFEGUARDS.—Any Federal agency described in subsection (h)(2), (h)(5), (i)(1), (2), (3), (5), or (7), (j)(1), (2), or (5), 

(k)(8), (10), or (11), (l)(1), (2), (3), (5), (10), (11), (13), (14), (17), 

or (22) or (o)(1)(A), the Government Accountability Office, the 

Congressional Budget Office, or any agency, body, or commission described in subsection (d), (i)(3)(B)(i) or 7(A)(ii), or 

(k)(10), (l)(6), (7), (8), (9), (12), (15), or (16), any appropriate 

State officer (as defined in section 6104(c)), or any other person 

described in subsection (k)(10), subsection (l)(10), (16), (18), 

(19), or (20), or any entity described in subsection (l)(21), shall, 

as a condition for receiving returns or return information— 

(A) establish and maintain, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, a permanent system of standardized records with 

respect to any request, the reason for such request, and 

the date of such request made by or of it and any disclosure of return or return information made by or to it; 

(B) establish and maintain, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, a secure area or place in which such returns or return information shall be stored; 

(C) restrict, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, access to 

the returns or return information only to persons whose 

duties or responsibilities require access and to whom disclosure may be made under the provisions of this title; 

(D) provide such other safeguards which the Secretary 

determines (and which he prescribes in regulations) to be 

necessary or appropriate to protect the confidentiality of 

the returns or return information; 

(E) furnish a report to the Secretary, at such time and 

containing such information as the Secretary may prescribe, which describes the procedures established and utiVerDate Sep 11 2014 21:12 May 13, 2016 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00105 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6601 E:\HR\OC\HR542.XXX HR542

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lized by such agency, body, or commission, the Government Accountability Office, or the Congressional Budget 

Office for ensuring the confidentiality of returns and return information required by this paragraph; and 

(F) upon completion of use of such returns or return information— 

(i) in the case of an agency, body, or commission described in subsection (d), (i)(3)(B)(i), (k)(10), or (l)(6), 

(7), (8), (9), or (16), any appropriate State officer (as 

defined in section 6104(c)), or any other person described in subsection (k)(10) or subsection (l)(10), (16), 

(18), (19), or (20) return to the Secretary such returns 

or return information (along with any copies made 

therefrom) or make such returns or return information 

undisclosable in any manner and furnish a written report to the Secretary describing such manner, 

(ii) in the case of an agency described in subsections 

(h)(2), (h)(5), (i)(1), (2), (3), (5) or (7), (j)(1), (2), or (5), 

(k)(8), (10), or (11), (l)(1), (2), (3), (5), (10), (11), (12), 

(13), (14), (15), (17), or (22), or (o)(1)(A) or any entity 

described in subsection (l)(21),,, the Government Accountability Office, or the Congressional Budget Office, 

either— 

(I) return to the Secretary such returns or return information (along with any copies made 

therefrom), 

(II) otherwise make such returns or return information undisclosable, or 

(III) to the extent not so returned or made 

undisclosable, ensure that the conditions of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E) of this paragraph continue to be met with respect to such returns or return information, and 

(iii) in the case of the Department of Health and 

Human Services for purposes of subsection (m)(6), destroy all such return information upon completion of 

its use in providing the notification for which the information was obtained, so as to make such information undisclosable; 

except that the conditions of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), 

and (E) shall cease to apply with respect to any return or return information if, and to the extent that, such return or return information is disclosed in the course of any judicial or 

administrative proceeding and made a part of the public record 

thereof. If the Secretary determines that any such agency, 

body, or commission, including an agency, an appropriate State 

officer (as defined in section 6104(c)), or any other person described in subsection (k)(10) or subsection (l)(10), (16), (18), 

(19), or (20) or any entity described in subsection (l)(21),, or the 

Government Accountability Office or the Congressional Budget 

Office, has failed to, or does not, meet the requirements of this 

paragraph, he may, after any proceedings for review established under paragraph (7), take such actions as are necessary 

to ensure such requirements are met, including refusing to disclose returns or return information to such agency, body, or 


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commission, including an agency, an appropriate State officer 

(as defined in section 6104(c)), or any other person described 

in subsection (k)(10) or subsection (l)(10), (16), (18), (19), or 

(20) or any entity described in subsection (l)(21),, or the Government Accountability Office or the Congressional Budget Office, until he determines that such requirements have been or 

will be met. In the case of any agency which receives any mailing address under paragraph (2), (4), (6), or (7) of subsection 

(m) and which discloses any such mailing address to any agent 

or which receives any information under paragraph (6)(A), (10), 

(12)(B), or (16) of subsection (l) and which discloses any such 

information to any agent, or any person including an agent described in subsection (l)(10) or (16), this paragraph shall apply 

to such agency and each such agent or other person (except 

that, in the case of an agent, or any person including an agent 

described in subsection (l)(10) or (16), any report to the Secretary or other action with respect to the Secretary shall be 

made or taken through such agency). For purposes of applying 

this paragraph in any case to which subsection (m)(6) applies, 

the term ‘‘return information’’ includes related blood donor 

records (as defined in section 1141(h)(2) of the Social Security 

Act). 

(5) REPORT ON PROCEDURES AND SAFEGUARDS.—After the 

close of each calendar year, the Secretary shall furnish to each 

committee described in subsection (f)(1) a report which describes the procedures and safeguards established and utilized 

by such agencies, bodies, or commissions, the Government Accountability Office, and the Congressional Budget Office for ensuring the confidentiality of returns and return information as 

required by this subsection. Such report shall also describe instances of deficiencies in, and failure to establish or utilize, 

such procedures. 

(6) AUDIT OF PROCEDURES AND SAFEGUARDS.— (A) AUDIT BY COMPTROLLER GENERAL.—The Comptroller 

General may audit the procedures and safeguards established by such agencies, bodies, or commissions and the 

Congressional Budget Office pursuant to this subsection to 

determine whether such safeguards and procedures meet 

the requirements of this subsection and ensure the confidentiality of returns and return information. The Comptroller General shall notify the Secretary before any such 

audit is conducted. 

(B) RECORDS OF INSPECTION AND REPORTS BY THE COMPTROLLER GENERAL.—The Comptroller General shall— 

(i) maintain a permanent system of standardized 

records and accountings of returns and return information inspected by officers and employees of the Government Accountability Office under subsection 

(i)(8)(A)(ii) and shall, within 90 days after the close of 

each calendar year, furnish to the Secretary a report 

with respect to, or summary of, such records or accountings in such form and containing such information as the Secretary may prescribe, and 

(ii) furnish an annual report to each committee described in subsection (f) and to the Secretary setting 


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forth his findings with respect to any audit conducted 

pursuant to subparagraph (A). 

The Secretary may disclose to the Joint Committee any report furnished to him under clause (i). 

(7) ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW.—The Secretary shall by regulations prescribe procedures which provide for administrative review of any determination under paragraph (4) that any agency, body, or commission described in subsection (d) has failed 

to meet the requirements of such paragraph. 

(8) STATE LAW REQUIREMENTS.— (A) SAFEGUARDS.—Notwithstanding any other provision 

of this section, no return or return information shall be 

disclosed after December 31, 1978, to any officer or employee of any State which requires a taxpayer to attach to, 

or include in, any State tax return a copy of any portion 

of his Federal return, or information reflected on such Federal return, unless such State adopts provisions of law 

which protect the confidentiality of the copy of the Federal 

return (or portion thereof) attached to, or the Federal return information reflected on, such State tax return. 

(B) DISCLOSURE OF RETURNS OR RETURN INFORMATION IN

STATE RETURNS.—Nothing in subparagraph (A) shall be 

construed to prohibit the disclosure by an officer or employee of any State of any copy of any portion of a Federal 

return or any information on a Federal return which is required to be attached or included in a State return to another officer or employee of such State (or political subdivision of such State) if such disclosure is specifically authorized by State law. 

(q) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary is authorized to prescribe such 

other regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of 

this section. 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 75—CRIMES, OTHER OFFENSES, AND 

FORFEITURES 

* * * * * * * 

Subchapter A—Crimes 

* * * * * * * 

PART I—GENERAL PROVISIONS 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 7213. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION. 

(a) RETURNS AND RETURN INFORMATION.— (1) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES AND OTHER PERSONS.—It shall be 

unlawful for any officer or employee of the United States or 

any person described in section 6103(n) (or an officer or employee of any such person), or any former officer or employee, 

willfully to disclose to any person, except as authorized in this 

title, any return or return information (as defined in section 


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6103(b)). Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable upon conviction by a fine in any amount not exceeding 

$5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution, and if such offense is committed by any officer or employee of the United States, he 

shall, in addition to any other punishment, be dismissed from 

office or discharged from employment upon conviction for such 

offense. 

(2) STATE AND OTHER EMPLOYEES.—It shall be unlawful for 

any person (not described in paragraph (1)) willfully to disclose 

to any person, except as authorized in this title, any return or 

return information (as defined in section 6103(b)) acquired by 

him or another person under subsection (d), (i)(3)(B)(i) or 

(7)(A)(ii), (k)(10), (l)(6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (15), (16), (19), 

(20), or (21) or (m)(2), (4), (5), (6), or (7) of section 6103 or 

under section 6104(c). Any violation of this paragraph shall be 

a felony punishable by a fine in any amount not exceeding 

$5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. 

(3) OTHER PERSONS.—It shall be unlawful for any person to 

whom any return or return information (as defined in section 

6103(b)) is disclosed in a manner unauthorized by this title 

thereafter willfully to print or publish in any manner not provided by law any such return or return information. Any violation of this paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine 

in any amount not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment of not 

more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. 

(4) SOLICITATION.—It shall be unlawful for any person willfully to offer any item of material value in exchange for any 

return or return information (as defined in section 6103(b)) and 

to receive as a result of such solicitation any such return or return information. Any violation of this paragraph shall be a 

felony punishable by a fine in any amount not exceeding 

$5,000, or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. 

(5) SHAREHOLDERS.—It shall be unlawful for any person to 

whom a return or return information (as defined in section 

6103(b)) is disclosed pursuant to the provisions of section 

6103(e)(1)(D)(iii) willfully to disclose such return or return information in any manner not provided by law. Any violation of 

this paragraph shall be a felony punishable by a fine in any 

amount not to exceed $5,000, or imprisonment of not more 

than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. 

(b) DISCLOSURE OF OPERATIONS OF MANUFACTURER OR PRODUCER.—Any officer or employee of the United States who divulges 

or makes known in any manner whatever not provided by law to 

any person the operations, style of work, or apparatus of any manufacturer or producer visited by him in the discharge of his official 

duties shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more 

than 1 year, or both, together with the costs of prosecution; and the 

offender shall be dismissed from office or discharged from employment. 


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(c) DISCLOSURES BY CERTAIN DELEGATES OF SECRETARY.—All provisions of law relating to the disclosure of information, and all provisions of law relating to penalties for unauthorized disclosure of 

information, which are applicable in respect of any function under 

this title when performed by an officer or employee of the Treasury 

Department are likewise applicable in respect of such function 

when performed by any person who is a ‘‘delegate’’ within the 

meaning of section 7701(a)(12)(B). 

(d) DISCLOSURE OF SOFTWARE.—Any person who willfully divulges or makes known software (as defined in section 7612(d)(1)) 

to any person in violation of section 7612 shall be guilty of a felony 

and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000, 

or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, together with the 

costs of prosecution. 

(e) CROSS REFERENCES.— 

(1) Penalties for disclosure of information by preparers of returns 

For penalty for disclosure or use of information by preparers of returns, see section 7216. 

(2) PENALTIES FOR DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMA- TION FOR PENALTIES FOR DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFOR- MATION BY.—any officer or employee of the United States or 

any department or agency thereof, see 18 U.S.C. 1905. 

* * * * * * * 

Æ 


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