64372 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 180 / Tuesday, September 19, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 

The Amendment 

Accordingly, under the authority 

delegated to me by the Administrator, 

the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as 

follows: 

PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS 

DIRECTIVES 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 39 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701. 

§ 39.13 [Amended] 

■ 2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by adding 

the following new airworthiness 

directive: 

2023–18–03 Viking Air Limited (Type 

Certificate Previously Held by 

Bombardier Inc. and de Havilland, Inc.): 

Amendment 39–22544; Docket No. 

FAA–2020–1076; Project Identifier 

MCAI–2020–01201–A. 

(a) Effective Date 

This airworthiness directive (AD) is 

effective October 24, 2023. 

(b) Affected ADs 

None. 

(c) Applicability 

This AD applies to Viking Air Limited 

(type certificate previously held by 

Bombardier Inc. and de Havilland, Inc.) 

Model DHC–3 airplanes, all serial numbers, 

certificated in any category. 

(d) Subject 

Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC) 

Code 2700, Flight Control System. 

(e) Unsafe Condition 

This AD was prompted by mandatory 

continuing airworthiness information (MCAI) 

originated by an aviation authority of another 

country to identify and correct an unsafe 

condition on an aviation product. The MCAI 

describes the unsafe condition as corrosion, 

wear, and fatigue-related degradation in 

aging aircraft. The FAA is issuing this AD to 

detect and address corrosion and cracking. 

This condition, if not addressed, could lead 

to structural failure with consequent loss of 

control of the airplane. 

(f) Compliance 

Comply with this AD within the 

compliance times specified, unless already 

done. 

(g) Required Actions 

(1) Within 90 days after the effective date 

of this AD, incorporate into the existing 

maintenance records required by 14 CFR 

91.417(a)(2) or 135.439(a)(2), as applicable 

for your airplane, the actions and associated 

thresholds and intervals, including life 

limits, specified in Parts 2 and 3 of Viking 

DHC–3 Otter Supplemental Inspection and 

Corrosion Control Manual, PSM 1–3–5, 

Revision IR, dated December 21, 2017 

(Viking PSM 1–3–5, Revision IR). Do each 

initial task within 6 months after the effective 

date of this AD or at the threshold for each 

applicable task specified in Part 3 of Viking 

Product Support Manual PSM 1–3–5, 

Revision IR, whichever occurs later. Where 

Viking PSM 1–3–5, Revision IR, specifies 

contacting Viking regarding a component’s 

alloy and heat treat condition, this AD 

requires contacting the Manager, 

International Validation Branch, FAA, 

Transport Canada, or Viking’s Transport 

Canada Design Approval Organization 

(DAO). If approved by the DAO, the approval 

must include the DAO-authorized signature. 

Note 1 to paragraph (g)(1): Viking DHC–3 

Otter Service Bulletin V3/0010, Revision NC, 

dated March 19, 2020, contains additional 

information related to this AD. 

(2) After the action required by paragraph 

(g)(1) of this AD has been done, no 

alternative actions and associated thresholds 

and intervals, including life limits, are 

allowed unless they are approved as 

specified in paragraph (i) of this AD. 

(h) Reporting 

(1) For inspections done after the effective 

date of this AD, report to Viking any Level 

2 or Level 3 corrosion, as specified in Viking 

PSM 1–3–5, Revision IR, at the times 

specified in and in accordance with part 3, 

paragraph 5, of Viking PSM 1–3–5, Revision 

IR. 

(2) For inspections done before the 

effective date of this AD, within 30 days after 

the effective date of this AD report to Viking 

any Level 2 or Level 3 corrosion, as specified 

in Viking PSM 1–3–5, Revision IR, in 

accordance with part 3, paragraph 5, of 

Viking PSM 1–3–5, Revision IR. 

(i) Alternative Methods of Compliance 

(AMOCs) 

(1) The Manager, International Validation 

Branch, FAA, has the authority to approve 

AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the 

procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In 

accordance with 14 CFR 39.19, send your 

request to your principal inspector or local 

Flight Standards District Office, as 

appropriate. If sending information directly 

to the manager of the International Validation 

Branch, mail it to the address identified in 

paragraph (j)(2) of this AD or email to: 9- 

AVS-AIR-730-AMOC@faa.gov. If mailing 

information, also submit information by 

email. 

(2) Before using any approved AMOC, 

notify your appropriate principal inspector, 

or lacking a principal inspector, the manager 

of the local flight standards district office/ 

certificate holding district office. 

(3) An AMOC that provides an acceptable 

level of safety may be used for any repair, 

modification, or alteration required by this 

AD if it is approved specifically for this AD 

by the Manager, International Validation 

Branch, FAA. 

(j) Additional Information 

(1) Refer to Transport Canada AD CF– 

2018–04, dated January 19, 2018, for related 

information. This Transport Canada AD may 

be found in the AD docket at regulations.gov 

under Docket No. FAA–2020–1076. 

(2) For more information about this AD, 

contact Deep Gaurav, Aviation Safety 

Engineer, FAA, 1600 Stewart Avenue, Suite 

410, Westbury, NY 11590; phone: (817) 228– 

3731; email: 9-avs-nyaco-cos@faa.gov. 

(3) Service information identified in this 

AD that is not incorporated by reference is 

available at the addresses specified in 

paragraphs (k)(3) and (4) of this AD. 

(k) Material Incorporated by Reference 

(1) The Director of the Federal Register 

approved the incorporation by reference of 

the service information listed in this 

paragraph under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR 

part 51. 

(2) You must use this service information 

as applicable to do the actions required by 

this AD, unless the AD specifies otherwise. 

(i) Viking DHC–3 Otter Supplemental 

Inspection and Corrosion Control Manual, 

PSM 1–3–5, Revision IR, dated December 21, 

2017. 

(ii) [Reserved] 

(3) For service information identified in 

this AD, contact Viking Air Limited 

Technical Support, 1959 de Havilland Way, 

Sidney, British Columbia, Canada V8L 5V5; 

phone: (800) 663–8444; fax: (250) 656–0673; 

email: technical.support@vikingair.com; 

website: vikingair.com/support/servicebulletins. 

(4) You may view this service information 

at the FAA, Airworthiness Products Section, 

Operational Safety Branch, 901 Locust, 

Kansas City, MO 64106. For information on 

the availability of this material at the FAA, 

call (817) 222–5110. 

(5) You may view this service information 

that is incorporated by reference at the 

National Archives and Records 

Administration (NARA). For information on 

the availability of this material at NARA, 

email: fr.inspection@nara.gov, or go to: 

www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibrlocations.html. 

Issued on September 1, 2023. 

Victor Wicklund, 

Deputy Director, Compliance & Airworthiness 

Division, Aircraft Certification Service. 

[FR Doc. 2023–20188 Filed 9–18–23; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

19 CFR Part 12 

[CBP Dec. 23–11] 

RIN 1515–AE82 

Extension and Amendment of Import 

Restrictions Imposed on 

Archaeological and Ethnological 

Material of Cambodia 

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection, Department of Homeland 

Security; Department of the Treasury. 

ACTION: Final rule. 


ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES1
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 180 / Tuesday, September 19, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 64373 

SUMMARY: This document amends the 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

(CBP) regulations to reflect an extension 

of import restrictions on certain 

archaeological and ethnological material 

of Cambodia, the addition of certain 

categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material of Cambodia to the 

existing import restrictions, and the 

clarification of certain categories of 

archaeological material of Cambodia. 

The United States has entered into an 

agreement with Cambodia that 

supersedes the existing agreement and 

amends the import restrictions that 

became effective on September 19, 2018. 

The restrictions, originally imposed by 

Treasury Decision (T.D.) 99–88 and last 

extended by CBP Dec. 18–11 for an 

additional five-year period, will 

continue with these amendments 

through September 19, 2028. The 

Designated List of archaeological and 

ethnological material of Cambodia to 

which the restrictions apply is 

reproduced below, with the 

amendments described. 

DATES: Effective on September 19, 2023. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

legal aspects, W. Richmond Beevers, 

Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers and 

Restricted Merchandise Branch, 

Regulations and Rulings, Office of 

Trade, (202) 325–0084, ototrrculturalproperty@cbp.dhs.gov. For 

operational aspects, Julie L. Stoeber, 

Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and 

Programs, Office of Trade, (202) 945– 

7064, 1USGBranch@cbp.dhs.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

The Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act (Pub. L. 97–446, 19 

U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) (CPIA), which 

implements the 1970 United Nations 

Educational, Scientific and Cultural 

Organization (UNESCO) Convention on 

the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing 

the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of 

Ownership of Cultural Property (823 

U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)) (the Convention), 

allows for the conclusion of an 

agreement between the United States 

and another party to the Convention to 

impose import restrictions on eligible 

archaeological and ethnological 

materials. Under the CPIA and the 

applicable U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection (CBP) regulations, found in 

§ 12.104 of title 19 of the Code of 

Federal Regulations (19 CFR 12.104), 

the restrictions are effective for no more 

than five years beginning on the date on 

which an agreement enters into force 

with respect to the United States (19 

U.S.C. 2602(b)). This period may be 

extended for additional periods, each 

extension not to exceed five years, if it 

is determined that the factors justifying 

the initial agreement still pertain and no 

cause for suspension of the agreement 

exists (19 U.S.C. 2602(e); 19 CFR 

12.104g(a)). 

In certain limited circumstances, the 

CPIA authorizes the imposition of 

restrictions on an emergency basis (19 

U.S.C. 2603). The emergency 

restrictions are effective for no more 

than five years from the date of the State 

Party’s request and may be extended for 

three years where it is determined that 

the emergency condition continues to 

apply with respect to the covered 

material (19 U.S.C. 2603(c)(3)). These 

restrictions may also be continued 

pursuant to an agreement concluded 

within the meaning of the CPIA (19 

U.S.C. 2603(c)(4)). Additionally, after 

any restriction enters into force, either 

through an agreement or emergency 

action, CBP will by regulation 

promulgate (and when appropriate 

revise) a list of the archaeological or 

ethnological material of the State Party 

covered by the agreement or by such 

emergency action (19 U.S.C. 2604). 

On December 2, 1999, the former 

United States Customs Service 

published Treasury Decision (T.D.) 99– 

88 in the Federal Register (64 FR 67479) 

amending 19 CFR 12.104g(b) to reflect 

the imposition of emergency restrictions 

on the importation of certain Khmer 

stone archaeological material of the 

Kingdom of Cambodia from the 6th 

century through the 16th century A.D. 

On September 19, 2003, the United 

States entered into the ‘‘Memorandum 

of Understanding Between the 

Government of the United States of 

America and the Government of the 

Kingdom of Cambodia Concerning the 

Imposition of Import Restrictions on 

Khmer Archaeological Material’’ (2003 

MOU). The 2003 MOU provided for 

import restrictions on certain Khmer 

archaeological material from the 6th 

century through the 16th century A.D. 

and continued to include the 

archaeological material then subject to 

the emergency restrictions. 

On September 22, 2003, CBP 

published a final rule, CBP Decision 

(CBP Dec.) 03–28, in the Federal 

Register (68 FR 55000), amending 19 

CFR 12.104g(a) to reflect the imposition 

of these restrictions and including a list 

designating the types of archaeological 

material covered by the restrictions. 

Consistent with the requirements of 19 

U.S.C. 2602(b) and 19 CFR 12.104g, 

these restrictions were effective for a 

period of five years. 

The import restrictions were 

subsequently extended three times, and 

the designated list amended once, in 

accordance with 19 U.S.C. 2602(e) and 

19 CFR 12.104g(a). On September 19, 

2008, CBP published a final rule (CBP 

Dec. 08–40) in the Federal Register (73 

FR 54309), which amended 19 CFR 

12.104g(a) to reflect the extension of 

these import restrictions for an 

additional period of five years and to 

revise the designated list to reflect the 

addition of new categories of objects 

(glass and bone) and additional 

subcategories of stone and metal objects 

from the Bronze Age (c. 1500–500 B.C.) 

and the Iron Age (c. 500 B.C.–A.D. 550), 

covering archaeological material from 

the Bronze Age through the Khmer Era 

(16th century A.D.). On September 16, 

2013, CBP published CBP Dec. 13–15 in 

the Federal Register (78 FR 56832), 

which amended 19 CFR 12.104g(a) to 

reflect the extension of these import 

restrictions for an additional period of 

five years. 

On September 19, 2018, pursuant to a 

Memorandum of Understanding 

concluded on September 12, 2018 (2018 

MOU), in which the Governments of the 

United States and Cambodia agreed to 

extend the import restrictions for 

another five years, CBP published CBP 

Dec. 18–11 in the Federal Register (83 

FR 47283), which amended § 12.104g(a) 

to reflect the extension of these import 

restrictions for an additional period of 

five years. 

On December 21, 2022, the United 

States Department of State proposed in 

the Federal Register (87 FR 78184), to 

extend the 2018 MOU. On May 10, 

2023, after consultation with and 

recommendation by the Cultural 

Property Advisory Committee, the 

Acting Assistant Secretary for 

Educational and Cultural Affairs, United 

States Department of State, made the 

determinations necessary to extend and 

amend the 2018 MOU. 

On August 30, 2023, the Governments 

of the United States and Cambodia 

signed a new agreement to extend the 

import restrictions, include additional 

categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material, and clarify 

existing categories of archaeological 

material, titled ‘‘Agreement between the 

Government of the United States of 

America and the Government of the 

Kingdom of Cambodia to Extend and 

Amend the Memorandum of 

Understanding between the Government 

of the United States of America and the 

Government of the Kingdom of 

Cambodia Concerning the Imposition of 

Import Restrictions on Categories of 

Archaeological Material of Cambodia’’ 

(2023 Agreement). The 2023 Agreement 

entered into force upon signature and 

supersedes the 2018 MOU. Pursuant to 

the 2023 Agreement, the amended 


ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES1
64374 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 180 / Tuesday, September 19, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 

import restrictions continue through 

September 19, 2028. 

Accordingly, CBP is amending 19 CFR 

12.104g(a) to reflect the amendment of 

the Designated List of cultural property 

described in CBP Dec. 03–28 and last 

revised by CBP Dec. 08–40. The 

amendments include the expansion of 

dates for archaeological material, 

clarified descriptions of certain 

categories of archaeological material, 

and the addition to the archaeological 

material section of a category for wood 

and subcategories for sima, boundary 

markers, seals and weights, and coins. 

The amendments also include the 

addition of an ethnological material 

section. The restrictions on the 

importation of archaeological and 

ethnological material will be in effect 

through September 19, 2028. 

Importation of such material of 

Cambodia, as described in the 

Designated List below, will be restricted 

through that date unless the conditions 

set forth in 19 U.S.C. 2606 and 19 CFR 

12.104c are met. 

The Designated List and additional 

information may also be found at the 

following website address: https://

eca.state.gov/cultural-heritage-center/ 

cultural-property-advisory-committee/ 

current-import-restrictions by selecting 

the material for ‘‘Cambodia.’’ 

Designated List of Archeological and 

Ethnological Material of Cambodia 

To fulfill the terms of the 2023 

Agreement, the Designated List 

contained in T.D. 99–88 and last revised 

by CBP Dec. 08–40, is amended to 

reflect the addition to the archaeological 

material section of a category for wood, 

subcategories for sima, boundary 

markers, seals and weights, and coins, 

as well as the expansion of dates for 

archaeological material and clarified 

descriptions of certain categories of 

archaeological material. The 

amendments also include the addition 

of an ethnological material section. 

The Designated List includes 

archaeological and ethnological 

material. Archaeological material ranges 

in date from approximately 2,500 B.C. to 

A.D. 1750. Ethnological material ranges 

in date from A.D. 1400 to 1891. For the 

reader’s convenience, CBP is 

reproducing the Designated List 

contained in T.D. 99–88 and last revised 

by CBP Dec. 08–40 in its entirety with 

these changes. 

The list is divided into the following 

categories of objects: 

I. Archaeological Material 

A. Stone 

B. Metal 

C. Ceramics 

D. Glass 

E. Bone 

F. Wood 

II. Ethnological Material 

A. Architectural Materials 

B. Manuscripts 

C. Religious Objects 

I. Archaeological Material 

Restricted archaeological material 

from Cambodia includes the categories 

listed below. The following list is 

representative only. 

A. Stone 

This category consists largely of 

materials made of sandstone, including 

many color shades (gray to greenish to 

black, pink to red and violet, and some 

yellowish tones) and varying 

granulosity. Due to oxidation and iron 

content, the stone surface can become 

hard and take on a different color from 

the stone core. These surface colors 

range from yellowish to brownish to 

different shades of gray. This dense 

surface can be polished. Some statues 

and reliefs are coated with a kind of 

clear shellac or lacquer of different 

colors (black, red, gold, yellow, brown). 

The surface of sandstone pieces can also 

be quite rough. Chipped surfaces can be 

white or gray in color. In the absence of 

any systematic technical analysis of 

ancient Khmer stonework, no exact 

description of other stone types can be 

provided. It is clear that other types of 

stone were also used (some volcanic 

rock, rhyolite, and schist, etc.), but these 

are nonetheless exceptional. Some 

quartz objects are also known. Precious 

and semi-precious stones were also used 

as applied decor or in jewelry settings. 

Different types of stone degradation 

can be noted. Eroded surfaces result 

from sanding (loss of surface grains), 

contour scaling (detachment of surface 

plaques along contour lines), flaking, 

and exfoliation. The stone can also split 

along sedimentation layers. Chipping or 

fragmentation of sculpted stone is also 

common. 

Stone objects included here come 

under several periods: Bronze Age (c. 

2500–500 B.C.), Iron Age (c. 500 B.C.– 

A.D. 550), pre-Angkorian (6th–9th 

century), Angkorian (9th–15th century), 

and post-Angkorian (15th century–1750 

A.D.). Many stone objects can be firmly 

assigned to one of these periods; some, 

notably architectural elements and 

statues, can be further assigned a 

specific style and a more precise date 

within the given period. 

1. Sculpture 

a. Architectural Elements—Stone was 

used for religious architecture in the 

pre-Angkorian and Angkorian periods. 

The majority of ancient Khmer temples 

were built almost entirely in stone. Even 

for those temples built primarily in 

brick, numerous decorative elements in 

stone were also employed. Only small 

portions of early post-Angkorian 

edifices were built in stone. The 

architectural elements that follow are 

therefore characteristic of pre-Angkorian 

and Angkorian times. Post-Angkorian 

forms are also included. The state of the 

material varies greatly, with some 

objects being well preserved, while 

others are severely eroded or 

fragmented. The sculpture of some 

pieces remains unfinished. 

i. Pediments—Pediments are large 

decorative stone fixtures placed above 

temple doorways. They are triangular or 

round in shape and composed of two or 

more separate blocks that are fitted 

together and sculpted with decorative 

motifs. The ensemble can range from 

approximately 1–3 meters in width and 

1–3 meters in height. Motifs include 

floral scrolls, medallions, human 

figures, and animals. A whole scene 

from a well-known story can also be 

represented. 

ii. Lintels—Lintels are rectangular 

monoliths placed directly above temple 

entrance gates or doorways, below the 

pediments described above. They are 

decorated with motifs similar to those of 

pediments. They can reach up to nearly 

one meter in height and one- and onehalf meters in width. 

iii. False Doors—Three of the four 

doorways of a temple sanctuary are 

frequently ‘‘false doors’’; that is, though 

they are sculpted to look like doors, 

they do not open. They bear graphic and 

floral motifs, sometimes integrating 

human and animal figures. These doors 

can reach up to more than two meters 

in height and more than one meter in 

width. They can be monolithic or 

composed of separate blocks fitted 

together. 

iv. Columnettes and Door Jambs— 

Columnettes (or colonettes) are 

decorative columns placed on either 

side of a temple door entrance. Door 

jambs are decorative panels placed on 

either side of a temple entrance door. 

They can be sculpted in deep relief out 

of a temple doorway and therefore 

remain attached to the doorway on their 

back side. The earliest columnettes are 

round and sculpted with bands which 

themselves are sculpted with decorative 

motifs. Later in the Angkorian period, 

the columnettes are octagonal in shape 

and bear more complex and abundant 

sculpted decor on the concentric bands. 

This decor includes graphic designs 

(pearls, diamond shapes, flowers, etc.) 

repeated at regular intervals along the 

length of the column. The base of the 

column is square and is also sculpted 

with diverse motifs and figures. The 


ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES1
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 180 / Tuesday, September 19, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 64375 

columnettes can reach around 25 cm. in 

diameter and more than two meters in 

height. Door jambs can reach more than 

two meters in height. 

v. Pilasters—Pilasters are decorative 

rectangular supports projecting partially 

from the wall on either side of a temple 

doorway. They are treated 

architecturally as columns with a base, 

shaft, and capital. Motifs include floral 

scrolls and graphic designs of pearls, 

diamond shapes, etc., as well as human 

or animal figures. They range in width 

from approximately 20–30 cm. and can 

reach a height of more than two meters. 

vi. Antefixes—Antefixes are 

decorative elements placed around the 

exterior of each level of temple tower. 

They are small free-standing sculptures 

and can take multiple forms, including 

but not limited to graphic designs, 

animal figures, human figures in niches, 

and miniature models of temples. 

vii. Balustrade Finials—Long 

balustrades in the form of mythical 

serpents are found in many Angkorian 

temples. Often, these line either side of 

the entrance causeways to temples. The 

ends of the balustrade take the form of 

the serpent’s multiple cobra-like heads. 

viii. Wall Reliefs—Much of the 

surface area of most temples is sculpted 

with decorative reliefs. This decor 

includes graphic designs and floral 

motifs as well as human or animal 

figures. The figures can range in size 

from just a few centimeters to more than 

one meter in height. They can be 

integrated into the decor or set off in 

niches. Narrative scenes can also be 

represented. 

ix. Other Decorative Items—Other 

decorative items include wall spikes, 

roof tile finials, sculpted steps, and 

other architectural decorations. 

x. Simas—Simas are often decorated 

and carved stone pillars placed around 

the vihara of Buddhist monasteries at 

each of the eight compass directions 

marking the place where monks 

performed rituals. Sima forms are 

typically a decorative pillar with a 

conical top carved in various shapes. 

Some sima forms are spherical. The tops 

of simas are often gently peaked and 

may have Buddhist iconography. 

Decorative carved motifs typically 

include animals, Buddha’s life stories, 

worshipers, and/or vegetal motifs. 

b. Free-Standing Sculptures—The preAngkorian and Angkorian periods are 

characterized by extensive production 

of statuary in stone. Some stone statuary 

was also produced during the postAngkorian period. This statuary is 

relatively diverse, including human 

figures ranging from less than one half 

meter to nearly three meters in height, 

as well as animal figures. Some figures, 

representations of Hindu gods, have 

multiple arms and heads. Figures can be 

represented alone or in groups of two or 

three. When male and female figures are 

presented together as an ensemble, the 

female figures are often 

disproportionately smaller than their 

male counterparts. Some are parthuman, part-animal. Figures can be 

standing, sitting, or riding animal 

mounts. Many figures are represented 

wearing crowns or special headdresses 

and holding attributes such as a baton 

or a conch shell. Clothing and 

sometimes jewelry are sculpted into the 

body. Though statues are generally 

monolithic, later post-Angkorian statues 

of Buddha can have separate arms 

sculpted in wood and attached to the 

stone body. Many statues were once 

lacquered in black, dark brown, red, or 

gold colors and retain lacquer traces. 

Some yellow lacquer is also found. 

i. Human and Hybrid (Part-Human, 

Part-Animal) Figures—Examples 

include statues of the eight-armed god 

and the four-armed god, representations 

of Buddha in various attitudes or 

stances, and female and male figures or 

deities, including parts (heads, hands, 

crowns, or decorative elements) of 

statuary and groups of figures. Examples 

include tantric Buddhist figures or 

representations of Hindu gods. 

ii. Animal Figures—Examples include 

bulls, elephants, lions, and small 

mammals such as squirrels. 

iii. Votive Objects and Non-figural 

Sculpture—Various abstract sculptures 

were also the object of religious 

representation from pre-Angkorian to 

post-Angkorian times. Examples include 

ritual phallic symbols (linga, lingam) 

and sculpted footprints of Buddha. 

iv. Pedestals—Pedestals for statues 

can be square, rectangular, round, or 

octagonal. They vary greatly in size and 

can be decorated with graphic and floral 

decor, as well as animal or human 

figures. They are usually made of 

numerous components fitted together, 

including a base and a top section into 

which the statue is set. 

v. Foundation Deposit Stones—Sacred 

deposits were placed under statues, as 

well as under temple foundations and in 

temple roof vaults, from pre-Angkorian 

to post-Angkorian times. Marks on these 

stones indicate sacred configurations, 

which could contain deposits such as 

gold or precious stones. 

c. Stelae 

i. Sculpted Stelae—Free-standing 

stelae, sculpted with shallow or deep 

reliefs, served as objects of worship and 

sometimes as boundary stones or 

boundary markers from pre-Angkorian 

to post-Angkorian times. Examples 

include stelae with relief images of gods 

and goddesses, Buddhas, figures in 

niches, and other symbols. 

ii. Inscriptions—Texts recording 

temple foundations or other information 

were inscribed on stone stelae from preAngkorian to post-Angkorian times. 

Such texts can also be found on temple 

doorjambs, pillars, and walls. The stelae 

are found in various shapes and sizes 

and can also bear decorative reliefs, for 

example a bull seated on a lotus flower. 

d. Sculpture in Brick—Brick was used 

mainly in pre-Angkorian and some 

relatively early Angkorian religious 

architecture. Yet, typically, while the 

bodies of buildings were in brick, some 

of the decorative elements listed 

above—pediments, lintels, etc., were in 

stone. The brick, of light orange color, 

was usually sculpted with a preliminary 

relief, which was then covered over 

with white stucco, itself sculpted along 

brick contours. Some brick reliefs seem 

to have been fully sculpted and not 

meant to be covered in stucco. Brick 

temple reliefs include graphic design, as 

well as floral or animal decor. Human 

and animal figures can also be 

represented. 

e. Boundary Markers—Boundary 

markers were typically carved from a 

solid block of stone and reach 

approximately one meter in height. 

Boundary markers typically date from 

the 10th through 13th centuries A.D. 

Boundary markers were decorated in 

either Buddhist or Hindu iconography. 

Hindu decorative themes often portray 

depictions of Vishnu, while Buddhist 

decorative themes often portray the 

Buddha or Lokeshvara, sometimes with 

an additional deity featuring a domed or 

pointed top as a stupa, symbolizing 

Nirvana. 

2. Jewelry 

In the Bronze and Iron Ages, beads 

were made from semi-precious stones 

such as agate, carnelian, and 

occasionally garnet. Agate beads are 

banded stone, black to light brown to 

white in their bands. These are usually 

carved into tubular shapes. Carnelian 

beads are reddish orange and glassy. 

These are usually ball-shaped. Bronze 

and Iron Age stone bracelets have 

triangular or rectangular cross-sections. 

3. Chipped and Ground Tools 

During the Bronze and Iron Ages, 

chipped and ground tools such as adzes, 

whetstones, and arrowheads were made 

of metamorphic rock. 

B. Metal 

This category consists mainly of 

bronze objects. No singular alloy is 

characteristic of Cambodian bronzes, 

which contain varying degrees of 


ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES1
64376 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 180 / Tuesday, September 19, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 

copper, zinc, lead, iron, and tin. Surface 

colors can range from dark to light 

brown to goldish; a green patina is 

found on many objects. Some bronzes 

are also gilt. Some artwork in silver and 

gold also survives but is much less 

common. 

Most objects were cast using ‘‘lost 

wax’’ casting with a ‘‘clay core’’ 

technique. This technique begins with a 

clay core, which is covered with a layer 

of wax before being covered with an 

outer layer of clay. The wax is then 

melted out with hot metal, which then 

hardened in the mold. Each casting is 

unique because the mold must be 

destroyed to obtain the metal object, 

Decor can be chiseled into the finished 

metal surface. As early as the Bronze 

and Iron Ages, these objects 

demonstrate a very high degree of 

technical skill. The ‘‘repousse ́’’ 

technique, by which metal is beaten into 

shape in a concave mold, was also used. 

Most of the objects presented here can 

be assigned to one of the periods 

defined for stone objects described 

previously: Bronze Age (c. 2500–500 

B.C.), Iron Age (c. 500 B.C.–A.D. 550), 

pre-Angkorian (6th–9th century), 

Angkorian (9th–15th century), and postAngkorian (15th century–A.D. 1750). 

Some pieces, in particular statuary and 

ritual or domestic accessories with 

motifs akin to architectural decor in 

stone, can also be assigned to specific 

styles and corresponding time periods 

within the larger historical periods. 

1. Statues and Statuettes 

Khmer metal statuary is comparable 

to Khmer stone statuary in both 

thematic and stylistic treatment (see 

general description of free-standing 

sculpture above). Statues can be 

represented alone or in groups ranging 

from human figures on animal mounts 

to triads, to more complex ensembles 

including architectural structures and 

decor. Though some colossal statues are 

known in both pre-Angkorian and 

Angkorian times, metal statues are, 

generally, relatively smaller in scale 

than their stone counterparts. Colossal 

statues can reach more than two meters 

in height; fragments demonstrate that 

one reclining figure measured some six 

meters in length. Such colossal pieces 

are nonetheless rare. 

Statuettes as small as 15 cm. are 

common; larger statues more typically 

reach around one meter in height. 

Small-scale statues are generally 

composed of a single cast; separate 

pieces can be placed together, for 

example on a single pedestal, to form an 

ensemble. Larger works can be 

composed of multiple pieces fitted 

together with joints which can be 

concealed by chiseled decor. Some 

small statuettes are solid. Others are 

composed of two plaques, one for the 

front of the piece and the other for the 

back; the plaques are filled with a resinor tar-based substance and soldered 

together. Larger pieces are hollow. 

Bronze statuaries were most prevalent 

in the Bayon period (late 12th to early 

13th century). 

Post-Angkorian bronze statues and 

statuettes, like their stone counterparts, 

take on certain characteristics of 

Siamese sculpture but can nonetheless 

usually be identified as Khmer due to 

certain types of decor and bodily form 

which maintain or develop from a 

specific Angkorian tradition. 

a. Human and Hybrid (Part-Human, 

Part-Animal) Figures—Examples 

include, but are not limited to, standing 

male figures, Buddhas, four-armed male 

figures, female figures, gods, and 

goddesses, all in various attitudes and 

dress, including fragments of sculpture 

such as hands, arms, and heads. 

b. Animal Figures—Animal 

representations in metal, typically 

bronze or silver, resemble those in stone 

in both thematic and stylistic treatment. 

Statues and statuettes include primarily 

bulls, lions, and elephants with one or 

three trunks. Other animals, such as 

horses, are also represented but are less 

common. Known colossal animal 

images date from 600 B.C. to the late 

12th to early 13th century. Other animal 

figures, such as the mythical 

multiheaded serpent and mythical birds 

and monkeys, are also frequently found 

as decor of ritual or domestic objects. 

c. Pedestals—Pedestals in bronze 

often appear to be simplified and 

reduced versions of their stone 

counterparts. One innovation of 

sculpting the base in openwork is to be 

noted. 

2. Other Ritual and Domestic Objects 

a. Special Objects Used in Ritual and 

Royal Pageantry—Special ritual objects 

include bells, bronze lotus flowers, 

conch shells, palanquin hooks, and 

musical instruments such as 

tambourines, etc. 

b. Containers—Ritual and domestic 

containers include such items as 

perfume holders, oil lamps or bowls, 

lime pots, and boxes with decorative or 

sculptural features. 

c. Decorative Elements from Ritual or 

Domestic Objects—In addition to the 

decorative accessory items noted below, 

there exist insignia finials for banner 

poles which often take the form of small 

human or animal figures. 

d. Jewelry—Jewelry, including but not 

limited to rings, bracelets, arm bands, 

necklaces, earrings, decorative head 

pieces, and belts, could have been worn 

not only by people but also by statues. 

Bronze and Iron Age bracelets may be 

decorated with scrolls, spirals, and the 

heads of buffalo/cows. Different types of 

rings can be noted: ring-stamps, rings 

with ornamental settings, rings with 

settings in the form of a bull or other 

animal, and rings with settings for 

stones. 

e. Instruments—Diverse percussion 

instruments, including varying sizes of 

bells, drums, gongs, and cymbals, were 

made in bronze. These may carry 

geometric designs and/or images of 

humans and animals. 

f. Animal Fittings—In addition to 

bells to be suspended around the necks 

of animals, common to both the 

Angkorian and the post-Angkorian 

periods, various kinds of decorative 

animal harness accessories are known in 

post-Angkorian times. 

g. Seals and Weights—In lead and tin. 

Seals may be in the form of amulets, 

pendants, ring seals, or other designs. 

Weights may be molded into snail 

shaped weights or may be in round or 

square token forms. 

3. Architectural Elements 

Metal architectural elements include 

ceiling or wall plaques sculpted with 

flowers or other motifs, floral plaques, 

and panels. 

4. Weapons and Tools 

Metal weapons and tools include 

arrow heads, daggers, spear tips, 

swords, helmets, and sickles. 

5. Coins 

Rare coinage from the Funan area of 

Southern Cambodia is included. 

Coinage dates from the 1st through 6th 

centuries A.D. In gold, silver, gilded 

silver, or tin. Designs vary, but coins 

often bear the image of a rising sun, a 

deer, a rooster, a Garuda, a team of oxen, 

and other designs. Inscriptions may be 

present and in Kharosthi script or 

Sanskrit. 

C. Ceramics 

Bronze and Iron Age ceramics are 

primarily earthenwares with varying 

colors and surface treatments. Later 

ceramics include both glazed and 

unglazed stonewares. Stonewares, and 

particularly glazed wares, are 

characteristic of the Angkorian period 

(9th to 15th century). Khmer ceramic 

production primarily concerned 

functional vessels (vases, pots, etc.) but 

also included sculptures of figurines 

and architectural or other decorative 

elements. Angkorian period vessels 

were generally turned on a wheel and 

fired in kilns. Vessels range in size from 


ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES1
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 180 / Tuesday, September 19, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 64377 

around five to at least 70 cm. in height. 

Glaze colors are fairly limited and 

include creamy white, pale green (color 

of Chinese tea), straw-yellow, reddishbrown, brown, olive, and black. Light 

colors are generally glossy, while darker 

colors can be glossy or matte. Some twocolored wares, primarily combining pale 

green and brown, are also known. 

Decoration is relatively subtle, limited 

to incisions of graphic designs (crisscrosses, striations, waves, etc.), some 

sculpted decor such as lotus petal 

shapes, and molding (ridges, grooves, 

etc.); some applied work is also seen. 

Most decoration is found on shoulders 

and necks, as on lids; footed vessels are 

typically beveled at the base. Many 

wasters (imperfect pieces) are found and 

are also subject to illicit trade. 

1. Sculpture 

Ceramic sculpture known to have 

been produced in Cambodia proper 

largely concerns architectural elements. 

Though some figurines are known and 

are of notable refinement, statuary and 

reliefs in ceramics seem to be more 

characteristic of provincial production. 

a. Architectural Elements—Some preAngkorian, Angkorian, and postAngkorian period buildings, primarily 

but not exclusively royal or upper-class 

habitation, were roofed with ceramic 

tiles. The tiles include undecorated flat 

tiles and convex and concave pieces 

fitted together; a sculpted eave tile was 

placed as a decoration at the end of each 

row of tiles. These pieces were 

produced in molds and can be 

earthenware or stoneware (the latter 

unglazed or glazed). The unglazed 

pieces are orange in color; the glazed 

pieces are creamy white to pale green. 

Spikes placed at the crest of roof vaults 

can also be made in ceramics. These 

spikes were fit into a cylinder, also 

made of ceramics, which was itself 

fitted into the roof vault. Architectural 

ceramics sometimes have human heads 

and anthropomorphic or zoomorphic 

features. 

b. Figurines and Ritual Objects— 

Figurines, statuettes, or plaques can 

include human, hybrid (part-human, 

part-animal), and animal figures. These 

are typically small in size (around 10 

cm.). Ritual objects found in Cambodia 

proper are limited primarily to pieces in 

the shape of a conch shell, used for 

pouring sacral water or as blowing 

horns. 

2. Vessels 

a. Lidded Containers—Examples 

include round lidded boxes with 

incised or sculpted decoration, bulbous 

vases with lids, and jars with conical 

multi-tiered lids. Lids themselves 

include conical shapes and convex lids 

with knobs. 

b. Lenticular Pots—Pots of depressed 

globular form are commonly referred to 

as lenticular pots. The mouth of the 

vessel is closed with a stopper. 

c. Animal-shaped Pots—The 

depressed globular form can take animal 

shapes, with applied animal head, tail, 

or other body parts that can serve as 

handles. The animal-shaped pot is also 

found in other forms. Animal-shaped 

pots often contain remains of white 

lime, a substance used in betel nut 

chewing. Shapes include bulls, 

elephants, birds, horses, and other fourlegged creatures. 

d. Human-shaped Pots— 

Anthropomorphic vessels often have 

some applied and incised decoration 

representing human appendages, 

features, or clothing. The vessels are 

usually gourd-shaped bottles. 

e. Bottles—This category includes a 

variety of vessels with raised mouths. 

f. Vases—A variety of vases are 

grouped together under this general 

heading. Some are flat based and 

bulbous or conical. Others have pedestal 

feet. Some are characterized by their 

elongated necks. The ‘‘baluster vases,’’ 

for which Khmer ceramics are 

particularly known, have pedestal feet, 

conical bodies, relatively long necks, 

and flared mouths. 

g. Spouted pots—These are kendi 

vessels, usually in the ‘‘baluster vase’’ 

form, that have short pouring spouts 

attached to the shoulder. Some spouted 

pots also have ring handles on the 

opposite shoulder. 

h. Large jars—Large barrel-shaped jars 

or vats have flat bases, wide mouths, 

short necks, and flattened everted rims. 

They are always iron glazed. 

i. Bowls—Bowls with broad, flat bases 

and flaring walls that are either straight 

or slightly concave, ending in plain 

everted or incurving rims, usually have 

green or yellowish glaze, although some 

brown-glazed bowls are known. Some 

are decorated with incised lines just 

below the rim. Most have deep flanges 

above the base; some are plain. Small 

hemispherical cups on button bases bear 

brown glaze. Another form is the bowl 

on a pedestal foot. 

D. Glass 

Bronze and Iron Age glass beads are 

usually very small (1–2 mm. across) and 

come in a range of colors from blue, 

green, red, and white. Other artifacts 

made of glass include spiral earrings 

and triangular bangle bracelets. The 

bracelets are light to dark green or bluegreen and translucent. 

E. Bone 

Bone (and sometimes ivory or horn) 

beads, bangles, pendants, and combs are 

found at Bronze and Iron Age sites. 

F. Wood 

Archaeological wooden objects 

include architectural materials, free 

standing statues, and decorative wood 

used for religious and domestic 

purposes. The earliest wooden Buddhist 

images were produced during the preAngkorian period in the region of 

southern provinces, especially located 

in the Mekong delta, like the Angkor 

Borei site. Wooden archaeological 

materials date from 2500 B.C.–A.D. 

1750. However, most architectural 

materials, wooden statues and 

decorative objects were found from the 

9th century until A.D. 1750. 

1. Architectural Elements 

Includes wooden beams and ceiling 

panels. Ceiling panels are often 

decorated with floral motifs. 

2. Human and Hybrid (Part-Human, 

Part-Animal) Figures 

Examples include free-standing 

sculptures including Buddhist 

sculptures, human and hybrid (halfhuman, half-animal) figures. Free 

standing sculpture was often on a 

rectangular, round, or square pedestal 

base. Bases may or may not have 

decoration. 

3. Animal Figures 

Examples include birds, bulls, 

elephants, lions, and mythical animals. 

4. Domestic Objects 

Includes wooden tools and 

implements used for farming and 

fishing, and weapons. 

II. Ethnological Material 

Restricted ethnological material from 

Cambodia includes the categories listed 

below. The following list is 

representative only. 

A. Architectural Materials 

1. Wooden Architectural Materials 

Includes carved wooden architectural 

elements from monasteries and pagodas, 

dating from A.D. 1400 through 1891. 

Architectural pieces (some of which 

may be lacquered) include apexes; 

ceilings; columns; decorative balusters; 

doors; finials; panel paintings; 

pediments and pediment facia boards; 

pilasters; pillars; roofs, roof supports, 

and eaves; wall plaques; wall bars; and 

windows. Some carved architectural 

material may be decorated with animal, 

animal/human hybrid, or other mythical 

figures. 


ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES1
64378 Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 180 / Tuesday, September 19, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 

2. Stone Architectural Materials 

Simas are often decorated and carved 

stone pillars placed around the vihara of 

Buddhist monasteries at each of the 

eight compass directions marking the 

place where monks performed rituals. 

Sima forms are typically a decorative 

pillar with a conical top carved in 

various shapes. Some sima forms are 

spherical. The tops of simas are often 

gently peaked and may have Buddhist 

iconography. Decorative carved motifs 

typically include animals, Buddha’s life 

stories, worshipers, and/or vegetal 

motifs. Simas that date from A.D. 1400 

through 1891 are included. 

B. Manuscripts 

Includes handwritten manuscripts on 

paper or palm leaf dating from A.D. 

1400 through 1891. May be bound or in 

single sheets or leaves. 

1. Palm Leaf Manuscripts 

Palm leaf manuscripts can be in single 

leaves or bound into volumes. The 

scripts are typically Khmer Mul script 

or Pali-Khmer. The text on palm leaf 

manuscripts tends to be incised and 

blackened. Palm leaf manuscripts 

typically discuss Buddhist scripture, 

sermons, legal writings, classical literary 

texts, secular topics, and poetry. 

Includes materials used to bind palm 

leaf manuscripts. 

2. Paper Manuscripts 

Paper manuscripts can be single 

sheets or in a folded book form. Paper 

was usually crafted from mulberry bark. 

Paper can be in a natural cream color 

with text written in black ink, or it can 

be blackened, and text written either 

with white chalk, a yellow gamboge ink 

or gold ink. Two main styles of Khmer 

script found on paper manuscripts 

include aksar chrieng (slanted script) 

and aksar mul (round script). Paper 

manuscripts typically discuss Buddhist 

scripture, sermons, prophesies, and 

medicine. 

C. Religious Objects 

1. Wooden Statues and Statuettes 

Includes statues of adorned and 

unadorned Buddhas dating from A.D. 

1400 through 1891. May be seated or 

standing. Bases may be carved, often 

with a lotus design. Wooden statues 

may be decorated with red lacquer, 

black lacquer, gold leaf, paint, and/or 

incrustations of glass. Standing statues 

typically range from 80 cm. to three 

meters in height. Smaller statuettes 

typically range from 50 to 70 cm. in 

height. 

2. Metal Statues and Statuettes 

Includes statues of adorned and 

unadorned Buddhas dating from A.D. 

1400 through 1891. May be seated or 

standing. Bases may be carved, often 

with a lotus design. Heights vary, 

typically between 14 to 40 cm. Often 

crafted in bronze or silver. 

3. Religious Objects 

Includes both symbolic and 

anthropomorphic objects, bells, chariot 

fixtures, percussion instruments 

including varying sizes of gongs and 

cymbals, ritual candle holders (popil), 

and betel containers made of bronze 

dating from A.D. 1400 through 1891. 

Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed 

Effective Date 

This amendment involves a foreign 

affairs function of the United States and 

is, therefore, being made without notice 

or public procedure under 5 U.S.C. 

553(a)(1). For the same reason, a 

delayed effective date is not required 

under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3). 

Regulatory Flexibility Act 

Because no notice of proposed 

rulemaking is required, the provisions 

of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 

U.S.C. 601, et seq.) do not apply. 

Executive Order 12866 

CBP has determined that this 

document is not a regulation or rule 

subject to the provisions of Executive 

Order 12866 because it pertains to a 

foreign affairs function of the United 

States, as described above, and therefore 

is specifically exempted by section 

3(d)(2) of Executive Order 12866. 

Signing Authority 

This regulation is being issued in 

accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(a)(1) 

pertaining to the Secretary of the 

Treasury’s authority (or that of his/her 

delegate) to approve regulations related 

to customs revenue functions. 

Troy A. Miller, the Senior Official 

Performing the Duties of the 

Commissioner, having reviewed and 

approved this document, has delegated 

the authority to electronically sign this 

document to the Director (or Acting 

Director, if applicable) of the 

Regulations and Disclosure Law 

Division for CBP, for purposes of 

publication in the Federal Register. 

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12 

Cultural property, Customs duties and 

inspection, Imports, Prohibited 

merchandise, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Amendment to the CBP Regulations 

For the reasons set forth above, part 

12 of title 19 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations (19 CFR part 12) is 

amended as set forth below: 

PART 12—SPECIAL CLASSES OF 

MERCHANDISE 

■ 1. The general authority citation for 

part 12 and the specific authority 

citation for § 12.104g continue to read as 

follows: 

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 

(General Note 3(i), Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 

1624. 

* * * * * 

Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also 

issued under 19 U.S.C. 2612; 

* * * * * 

■ 2. In § 12.104g, the table in paragraph 

(a) is amended by revising the entry for 

Cambodia to read as follows: 

§ 12.104g Specific items or categories 

designated by agreements or emergency 

actions. 

(a) * * * 

State party Cultural property Decision No. 

*******

Cambodia .......................... Archaeological material of Cambodia ranging from approximately 2,500 B.C. to 

A.D. 1750, and ethnological material of Cambodia ranging from approximately 

A.D. 1400 to 1891.

CBP Dec. 23–11. 

*******


ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES1
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 180 / Tuesday, September 19, 2023 / Rules and Regulations 64379 

* * * * * 

Robert F. Altneu, 

Director Regulations & Disclosure Law 

Division, Regulations & Rulings, Office of 

Trade U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 

Approved: 

Thomas C. West, Jr., 

Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury 

for Tax Policy. 

[FR Doc. 2023–20335 Filed 9–18–23; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 9111–14–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES 

Food and Drug Administration 

21 CFR Part 14 

[Docket No. FDA–2023–N–3497] 

Advisory Committee; Board of Tea 

Experts; Termination and Technical 

Amendment to the Citation for the 

Federal Advisory Committee Act 

AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, 

Department of Health and Human 

Services (HHS). 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: The Food and Drug 

Administration (FDA or the Agency) is 

announcing the termination of the 

Board of Tea Experts by the Federal Tea 

Tasters Repeal Act of 1996. This 

document removes the Board of Tea 

Experts from the Agency’s list of 

standing advisory committees. FDA is 

also updating the statutory citation to 

the Federal Advisory Committee Act to 

reflect recodification. This technical 

change aligns with the desire of 

Congress to incorporate various 

provisions that were enacted separately 

over a period of years; reorganize them; 

conforming style and terminology; 

modernizing obsolete language; and 

correcting drafting errors to remove 

ambiguities, contradictions, and other 

imperfections without changing the 

meaning of or effect of existing law. 

DATES: This rule is effective September 

19, 2023. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Michael Ortwerth, Advisory Committee 

Oversight and Management Staff, Food 

and Drug Administration, 10903 New 

Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 32, Rm. 5103, 

Silver Spring, MD 20993–0002, 301– 

796–8220; or ACOMSSubmissions@

fda.hhs.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Board 

of Tea Experts was established on 

March 2, 1897, by the Tea Importation 

Act of 1897 (Pub. L. 54–358, section 2, 

March 2, 1897, 29 Stat. 604). The Board 

was responsible for making 

recommendations to the Secretary of the 

Treasury to fix and establish uniform 

standards of purity, quality, and fitness 

for consumption of all kinds of teas 

imported into the United States. The 

Board was terminated by the Federal 

Tea Tasters Repeal Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 

104–128, section 3, April 9, 1996, 110 

Stat. 1198). This document aligns FDA’s 

list of standing advisory committees 

with existing law by removing the Board 

of Tea Experts. 

Additionally, with the passage of the 

Act of December 27, 2022 (Pub. L. 117– 

286, 136 Stat. 4196), Congress made 

revisions in title 5 of the U.S. Code, as 

necessary to keep the title current and 

to make technical amendments to 

improve the U.S. Code. In doing so, it 

recodified the Federal Advisory 

Committee Act to chapter 10 of the U.S. 

Code. Thus, the appropriate regulatory 

citation to the Federal Advisory 

Committee Act is now 5 U.S.C. 1001 et 

seq. With this final rule, the new 

citation is updated in the authority 

citation of part 14 (21 CFR part 14). 

Under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(4)(B) and (d)(3) 

and 21 CFR 10.40(d) and (e), the Agency 

finds good cause to dispense with notice 

and public comment procedures and to 

proceed to an immediate effective date 

on this rule. Notice and public comment 

and a delayed effective date are 

unnecessary and not in the public 

interest as the Board was terminated by 

statute in 1996, and this final rule 

merely removes the name of the Board 

of Tea Experts from the list of standing 

advisory committees in § 14.100 (21 

CFR 14.100) and updates the authority 

citation of 21 CFR part 14 to 

appropriately cite the Federal Advisory 

Committee Act (5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.). 

This is a technical amendment to 

conform the citation to the 

recodification enacted on December 27, 

2022, and does not substantively alter 

the legal authority underlying part 14. 

Therefore, the Agency is amending 

the authority citation of part 14 and 

§ 14.100(a) as set forth in the regulatory 

text of this document. 

List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 14 

Administrative practice and 

procedure, Advisory committees, Color 

additives, Drugs, Radiation protection. 

Therefore, under the Federal Food, 

Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under 

authority delegated to the Commissioner 

of Food and Drugs, 21 CFR part 14 is 

amended as follows: 

PART 14—PUBLIC HEARING BEFORE 

A PUBLIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 14 is 

revised to read as follows: 

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.; 15 U.S.C. 

1451–1461; 21 U.S.C. 41–50, 141–149, 321– 

394, 467f, 679, 821, 1034; 28 U.S.C. 2112; 42 

U.S.C. 201, 262, 263b, 264, 284m, 284m–1; 

Pub. L. 107–109, 115 Stat. 1419. 

§ 14.100 [Amended] 

■ 2. Amend § 14.100 by removing 

paragraph (a)(1) and redesignating 

paragraphs (a)(2) through (5) as 

paragraphs (a)(1) through (4). 

Dated: September 12, 2023. 

Lauren K. Roth, 

Associate Commissioner for Policy. 

[FR Doc. 2023–20012 Filed 9–18–23; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4164–01–P 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

Office of Foreign Assets Control 

31 CFR Part 550 

Publication of Ethiopia Sanctions 

Regulations Web General License 4 

AGENCY: Office of Foreign Assets 

Control, Treasury. 

ACTION: Publication of web general 

license. 

SUMMARY: The Department of the 

Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets 

Control (OFAC) is publishing one 

general license (GL) issued pursuant to 

the Ethiopia Sanctions Regulations: GL 

4, which was previously made available 

on OFAC’s website. 

DATES: GL 4 was issued on November 

12, 2021. See SUPPLEMENTARY

INFORMATION for additional relevant 

dates. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

OFAC: Assistant Director for Licensing, 

202–622–2480; Assistant Director for 

Regulatory Affairs, 202–622–4855; or 

Assistant Director for Compliance, 202– 

622–2490. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Electronic Availability 

This document and additional 

information concerning OFAC are 

available on OFAC’s website: https://

ofac.treasury.gov. 

Background 

On November 12, 2021, OFAC issued 

GL 4 to authorize certain transactions 

otherwise prohibited by Executive 

Order (E.O.) 14046 of September 17, 

2021, ‘‘Imposing Sanctions on Certain 


ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES1