Selecte,d ~-ray . ( I 

Crystallo ~raphic Data 

Molar· v~ lumes,.and ~ 

Densitie @f Minerals , 

and ~elai ed. Substances , 

GEO ,LOGICAL ~"l!JRVEY BULLETIN 1248 

I ' " \ 

f • 

. J 

( 

\ ' ' 

S I d ~~~T e ecte .L\.-ray 

Crystallo:~~raphic Data 

Molar v·olumes, and 

Densities of Minerals 

and Related Substances 

By RICHARD A. ROBIE, PHILIP M. BETHKE, and KEITH M. BEARDSLEY 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1248 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1967 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

William T. Pecora, Director 

Library of Congress catalog-card No. 67-276 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 3 5 cents (paper cover) 
OC)NTENTS 

Page 

Acknowledgments ________ ·-·· ·- _____________ -· _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IV 

Abstract___________________________________________________________ 1 

Introduction______________________________________________________ 1 

Arrangement of data _______ .. ________________________________________ 2 

X-ray crystallographic data of minerals________________________________ 4 

Molar volumes and densities. of minerals_______________________________ 42 

References_________________________________________________________ 73 

III 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

We wish to acknowledge the help given in the preparation of these 

tables by our colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey, particularly 

Mrs. Martha S. Toulmin who aided greatly in compiling and checking 

the unit-cell parameters of the sulfides and related minerals and Jerry 

L. Edwards who checked most of the other data and prepared the 

bibliography. Wayne Buehrer wrote the computer program for the 

calculation of the cell volumes, molar volumes, and densities. We 

especially wish to thank Ernest L. Dixon who wrote the control 

programs for the photo composing machine. 

IV 
SELECTED X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA, MOLAR 

VOLUMES, AND DENSITIES OF !'.IINERALS AND RELATED 

SUBSTANCES 

By RICHARD A. RoBIE, PHILIP M. BETHKE, and KEITH M. BEARDSLEY 

.ABSTRACT 

X-ray cell parameters and IC:alculated cell volumes, molar volumes, and densities 

are presented for approximately 400 minerals and related compounds. The data 

are presented by mineralogie:al groups and were selected from the best modern 

available measurements. For n:my of the compounds, references are included 

for recent three-dimensional1:tructural refinements. 

INTRODUCTION 

X-ray crystallographie dn.ta are perhaps the most useful type of 

information available to thE~ mineralogist. Besides the considerations 

of structural chemistry, they provide one: of the most accurate methods 

for phase and (or) compositional deterinination of minerals and are 

the principal source of aecurate molar-volume and density data. 

These tables contain dnta. for approxiinately 400 minerals. The data 

have been taken fron1 the recent literature or from unpublished 

sources. With minor exc(~ptions, we haYe restricted ourselves to the 

inclusion of data for ch1:m1ilcally and physically well-defined phases 

for which the unit-cell pnrmneters are known with an accuracy of the 

order of 0.2 percent or hE!1t1ie~r .. For nonsilicates the data are presented 

by mineral groups following Dana's syst~em (Palache and others, 1944, 

1951). Within a group, how·ever, the order may be alphabetical (elements and oxides), struetu:ral (carbona~tes and silicates), or, for the 

sulfides for example, approximately by increasing metal-to-sulfur 

ratio. For the silicates the da.ta are grouped approximately following 

Deer, Howie, and Zussmau (1962, 1963). 

Because most minerals ~are: intermediate members of multicomponent 

solid solutions, data haviE!: heen included for several phases not known 

as minerals but which fonu the end mE~mber of a solid solution. For 

similar reasons we have also included a few values of hypothetical 

phases (for example, FeS in the wurtzite, and sphalerite structures and 

CdS in rock salt structur1E!1) based on the extrapolation of measured cell 

dimensions from incompll.etEI solid solutions. These theoretical phases 

are so indicated in the tabl«~s. The majority of the data included are 

for pure synthetic phas~!s for which unit-cell parameters have been 

determined with an accuracy of 0.1 percent or better. In some instances, where the mineral deviates from the stoichiometric compo1 
sition, either by substitution or omission solid solution, one or more 

values are given for materials of known composition as noted in the 

formula column. 

ARRANGEMENT OF DATA 

The tables are divided into two sections. In the first section are 

listed the crystal symmetry and the cell parameters and their uncertainties; in the second section the formula weight and the unit-cell 

volume, molar volume, density, and their standard errors. 

All cell dimensions are given in angstrom units, 10-s centimeters. 

Where necessary, older data have been converted from kX units to 

angstroms by using the conversion factor 1.00202, although this is 

undoubtedly too low (Bearden, 1965). The formula weights are based 

on the International Atomic Weights for 1963. Avogadro's number 

used in calculating the molar volumes was (6.02252 ± 0.00028) X 1023 

mole-1

, as recommended by the National Academy of Science-National 

Research Council (U.S. Natl. Bur. Standards Tech. News Bull., v. 47, 

p. 175-177, 1963). 

The uncertainties listed are not necessarily those of the original 

investigator, but represent our attempt to evaluate the interval 

within which the true value should lie. The results of a recent cooperative investigation by the International Union of Crystallography 

(Parrish, 1960), involving more than twenty laboratories, have shown 

that although the reproducibility (that is, precision) of an individual 

may be a f.ew thousandths of a percent, different investigators working 

on the same sample showed agreement with one another of only 0.005 

to 0.015 percent. Unit-cell data claiming an accuracy of better than 

0.01 percent should be considered with these limitations in mind. 

Temperatures at which the measurements were made are given in 

the second column from the right. The letter "r" indicates the data 

were obtained at an unspecified room temperature and may be taken 

as 25° ±5° C. The number of gram formula weights per unit cell is 

given in the column labeled "Z." 

Compounds denoted by an asterisk indicate the measurements 

were made on natural specimens which may have deviated slightly 

from the listed formula. Densities given for these minerals were calculated using the formula weight for the stoiciometric phase. Substances of rhombohedral symmetry are denoted by the symbol "hexR" to distinguish them from materials of true hexagonal symmetry. 

The cell volume and number of formula weights, Z, listed for these 

compounds are, however,- given for the larger hexagonal cell. The 

space group is given along with its number in "Symmetry Groups," 

v. 1 of "International Tables for X-ray Crystallography," (N.F.M. 

Henry and Kathleen Lonsdale, eds., 1952, Kynoch Press, Birmingham). The source of the cell-edge data is listed in the extreme right2 
hand column. Whenever possible, we have also tried to give reference 

to a modern least squares refinement of the crystal structure. 

Molar volumes were calculated from the unit-cell dimensions from 

the relation : 

V (unit-cell volm:ne in cm3)(Avogadro's number) vN (

1

) 

(number of forrnula weights per unit cell) Z 

The density, p, was cnlculnted from: 

M 

p=v (2) 

where M is the formula weight in grams. 

The molar volumes of the gases of importance in mineralogical 

equilibria have not been tabulated because the reference state of a 

gas for thermodynamic ealculations is the ideal gas at 1 atmosphere 

pressure. Accordingly all ideal gases have the same molar volume at 

25°0 (298.15°K) equal to :RT or 24465.0± 3.4 cm3 mole- 1

• For mineral 

equilibrium calculations at higher pressures, one needs to know the 

V dP term in the expression for the free energy. Accordingly, the molar 

volumes have been given in both the conventional units of cm3 mole-1 

and also in terms of caJ.ories bar-1 to facilitate thermodynamic calculations. 

For several substances (for example, silicon, diarnond, KCl, Ca003, 

a-quartz), densities have been measured with an accuracy comparable 

to the X-ray cell measurernents. References have been given for 

some of these data. 

The uncertainties listed for the densities include only the contribution due to the accuracy of the cell-edge data and do not include 

the uncertainty in the formula weight or Avogadro's number. The 

uncertainties given for the unit-cell volumes were calculated by using 

the standard methods for the propagation of error assuming that the 

estimated uncertainties ir1 the cell edge represented standard errors. 

For example in the monoclinic case the expression for the standard 

error becomes: 

u=abc sin{j [('~~)2 +( ~b) +( ~c)2 +Ccot{jA[3) 2

]

112 

In order that the tables rnay be rapidly revised, the input data, cell 

parameters, their uncertainties, and the formula weights are listed on 

punched cards. The cell volume, molar volume, density, and their 

uncertainties were calculated using a Burroughs 220 computer, and 

the completed tables then processed by a Burroughs 280 computer 

and printed by a photo-composing machine. 

More extensive summaries of X-ray data are given by Berry and 

Thompson (1962), Donnay and others (1963), and Pearson (1958). 

3 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Elements 

Silver cubic Fm3m(225) face-centered 4 

Ag cubic 

Arsenic hex-R 

As 

RJm(166) arsenic 6 

Gold cubic Fm3m(225) face-centered 4 

Au cubic 

Bismuth hex-R 

Bi 

RJm(l66) arsenic 6 

Diamond cubic 

C* Fd3m(227) diamond 8 

Graphite hex. 

C* C6/mmc(l94) graphite 4 

Copper cubic Fm3m(225) face-centered 4 

Cu cubic 

a-Iron cubic Im3m(229) body-centered 2 

Fe cubic 

Nickel cubic Fm3m(225) face-centered 4 

Ni cubic 

Lead cubic Fm3m(225) face-centered 4 

Pb cubic 

Platinum cubic Fm3m(225) face-centered 4 

Pt cubic 

orthorhombic Sulfur orth. Fddd(70) Ss ring 128 

s molecules 

monoclinic Sulfur mon. P2I!c(l4) Ss ring 48 

s molecules 

rhombohedral Sulfur hex-R RJ(l48) s6 ring 18 

s molecules 

Antimony hex-R RJm(l66) arsenic 6 

Sb 

Selenium hex. P3121(152) 3 

Se P3221(154) 

Silicon cubic Fd3m(227) diamond 8 

Si 

,8-Tin (white) tet. 

Sn 

14damd(l41) 4 

Tellurium hex. P3121(152) 3 

Te P3221(154) 

Zinc hex. P6a/mmc(l94) hexagonal 2 

Zn close packed 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts 

Shandite hex-R 

,B-NiaPb2S2* 

RJm(166) 3 

High-Argentite cubic 4 

Ag2S I 

Argentite cubic 2 

Ag2S II 

4 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao ho Co ao f3o 'Yo oc Ref. 

Elements 

4.0862 25 254, 198 ± .0002 

3.760 10.555 26 231,256 ±.001 ± .003 

4.0786 25 254, 10 ± .0002 

4.5459 11.8622 26 129,221 ± .0010 ± .0030 256 

3.5670 25 189,227 ± .0001 172 

2.4612 6.7079 15 173 ± .0001 ± .0010 

3.6150 25 254 ± .0005 

2.8664 25 257 

.0005 

3.5238 25 254 

± .0005 

4.9505 25 254 

± .0005 

3.9231 25 254 

± .0005 

10.4646 12.8660 24.4860 25 54, 41 

± .0020 ± .0020 ± .0040 

11.04 10.98 10.92 96.73 103 67 

± .03 ± .03 ± .03 ±.50 

10.818 4.280 69 

± .002 ± .001 

4.310 11.279 26 231,221 

± .001 ± .003 256 

4.3642 4.9588 26 250 

± .0008 ± .0008 

5.4305 25 189, 10 

± .0003 121 

5.8315 3.1813 26 129 

±.0008 ± .0006 

4.4570 5.9290 25 254 

± .0008 ± .0010 

2.665 4.947 25 254 

±.001 ± .001 

Sulfides, ars,mides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts 

5.576 13.658 124, 194 

± .010 ± .010 

6.269 600 64 

± .020 

4.870 189 64 

± .008 

5 267-094 0 - 67 - 2 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

Acanthite mon. P2dc(l4) 4. 

Ag2S III 

High-Naumanite cubic 2 

Ag2Se 

cubic 2 

Ag2Te I 

cubic 4 

Ag2Te II 

Hessite mon. P2dc(14) 4 

Ag2 Te III 

cubic 4 

Ag1.55CU.45S I 

cubic 2 

Agl.55Cu.45S II 

Jalpaite tet. 16 

Agt.55Cu.45S III 

cubic 4 

Ag_9aCUt.o7S I 

hex. 2 

Ag.9aCu,mS II 

Stromeyerite orth. Cmcm(63) 4 

Ag.9aCu,mS III 

Eucairite orth. pseudo 10 

AgCuSe P4/nmm(129) 

Petzite cubic I4t32(214) 8 

AgaAuTe2* 

Maldonite cubic Fd3m(227) Cu2Mg 8 

Au2Bi 

High-Digenite cubic 4 

Cu2S I 

High-Chalcocite hex. 2 

Cu2S II 

Chalcocite orth. Ab2m(39) 96 

Cu2S III 

Digenite cubic deformed 4 

Cu1.79S (Cu rich side) fluorite 

Digenite cubic deformed 4 

Cu1.77S (S rich side) fluorite 

Berzelianite cubic 4 

Cu2Se 

High-Bornite cubic 

Cu5FeS4* 

Metastable Bornite cubic 8 

Cu5FeS4 

Low-Bornite tet. P42,c(144) 16 

Cu5FeS4* 

Umangite tet. P4/mmm(123) 2 

CuaSe2 

6 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

·ao bo Co ao f3o 'Yo oc Ref. 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

4.228 6.928 7.862 99.58 25 263, 64 

± .002 ± .005 ± .003 ± .30 

4.993 170 207 

± .016 

5.29 825 207 

±.01 

6.585 250 207 

± .010 

8.09 4.48 8.96 123.33 94 

±.02 ±.01 ± .02 ± .30 

6.110 300 64 

± .010 

4.825 116 64 

± .005 

8.673 11.756 64 

± .004 ± .006 

5.961 196 64 

± .009 

4.138 7.105 100 64 

± .004 ± .007 

4.066 6.628 7.972 64 

± .002 ± .003 ± .004 

4.105 20.35 6.31 92 

± .010 ± .02 ±.01 

10.38 93 

±.02 

7.958 135 

± .002 

5.725 465 63,212 

± .010 

3.961 6.722 152 63,212 

± .004 ± .007 

11.881 27.323 13.491 63,212 ± .004 ± .010 ± .004 

5.5695 25 63,212 ± .0010 

5.5542 25 63,212 

± .0010 

5.85 170 212 

±.01 

5.50 240 166 

±.01 

10.94 166 

± .02 

10.94 21.88 166 ± .02 ± .04 

6.402 4.276 17, 72 

± .010 ± .010 

7 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Sulfides. arsenid.es. tellurides. selenides. and sulfosalts-Continued 

Heazelwoodite hex-R R32(155) 3 

NiaS2 

Maucherite tet. P412!2(92) 4 

NiuAss 

Pentlandite cubic Fm3m(225) 4 

Fes.2s NiusSs 

Pentlandite cubic Fm3m(225) 4 

Fea.7sN k2sSs 

Sternbergite orth. Ccmm(63) 8 

AgFe2Sa* 

Argentopyrite orth. Pmmm(47) 4 

AgFe2Sa* 

Realgar mon. P2dm(ll) 16 

AsS* 

Oldhamite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

CaS 

Greenockite hex. P6amc(l86) zincite 2 

CdS 

Hawleyite cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

CdS 

(hypothetical) cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

CdS 

Cadmoselite hex. P6amc(l86) zincite 2 

CdSe 

cubic F43m(216) 

CdTe sphalerite 4 

(hypothetical) cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

CoS 

Chalcopyrite tet. 142d(122) 4 

(CuFeS2) CuFeS1.9o 

Cubanite orth. Pcmn(62) 4 

CuFe2Sa* 

Covellite hex. P6a/mmc(l94) 6 

CuS 

Klockmannite hex. deformed 78 

CuSe covellite 

Troilite hex. P6a/mmc(l94) niccolite 2 

FeS 

Pyrrhotite hex. P6a/mmc(l94) defect 2 

Fe.9soS niccolite 

Pyrrhotite hex. P6a/mmc(l94) defect 2 

Fe.sssS niccolite 

(hypothetical) cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

FeS 

(hypothetical) hex. P6amc(186) zincite 2 

FeS 

Cinnabar hex. P3121(152) cinnabar 3 

HgS P321(154) 

8 
X-Ray lCrystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

Oo bo Co ao {jo 'Yo oc Ref. 

Sulfides, arsenide§•, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

5.746 7.134 144, 153 

±.001 ± .002 

6.870 21.81 296 

±.001 ±.01 

10.196 154 ± .010 

10.095 154 ± .010 

11.60 12.675 6.63 193 ± .02 ± .020 ±.01 

6.64 11.47 6.45 171 

±.01 ± .02 ± .02 

9.29 13.53 6.57 106.55 26, 128 ± .05 ± .05 ± .03 ± .30 

5.689 260, 115 ± .006 206 

4.1354 6.7120 235 ± .0010 ± .0010 

5.833 228, 18 ± .002 276 

5.516 r 19 ± .002 

4.2977 7.0021 18,260 ± .0010 ± .0010 

6.4805 25 18,266 ± .0006 

5.339 r 117 

±.001 

5.2988 10.434 18 ± .0010 ± .005 

6.46 11.12 6.23 r 30 

±.01 ± .01 ±.01 

3.792 16.34 r 257 

±.001 ±.01 

14.206 17.25 71,268 ± .010 ± .05 

3.446 5.877 28 274 

±.003 ± .001 

3.446 5.848 28 274 

±.001 ± .002 

3.440 5.709 28 274 ± .001 ± .003 

5.455 228,234 

± .001 

3.872 6.345 235 

±.001 ± .002 

4.149 9.495 18,257 

± .. 001 ± .002 

9 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

M etacinna bar cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

HgS 

Tiemannite cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

HgSe 

Coloradoite cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

HgTe 

Alabandite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

MnS 

(hypothetical) cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

MnS 

(hypothetical) hex. P63mc(186) zincite 2 

MnS 

Niccolite hex. P63/mmc(l94) niccolite 2 

NiAs 

Millerite hex-R R3m(160) 9 

NiS 

Breithauptite hex. P63/mmc(l94) niccolite 2 

NiSb 

Galena cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

PbS 

Clausthalite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

PbSe 

Teallite orth. Pbnm(62) GeS 2 

PbSnS2 

Altaite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

PbTe 

Cooperite tet. P4dmmc(l31) 2 

PtS 

Herzenbergite orth. Pbnm(62) GeS 4 

SnS 

Sphalerite cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

ZnS 

Wurtzite hex. P63mc(186) zincite 2 

ZnS 

Stilleite cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

ZnSe 

cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

ZnTe 

Orpiment man. P2r/n(14) 4 

As2S3* 

Bismuthinite orth. Pbnm(62) stibnite 4 

Bi2S3 

Tellurobismuthite hex-R R3.m(166) Bi2Te2S 3 

Bi2Te3 

Stibnite orth. Pbnm(62) stibnite 4 

Sb2S3 

Linnaeite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

Co3S4 

10 
5.8517 

± .0010 

6.0853 

± .0050 

6.4600 

± .0006 

5.2234 

± .0005 

5.611 

± .002 

3.986 

± .001 

3.618 

± .001 

9.616 

± .001 

3.942 

± .001 

5.9360 

± .0005 

6.1255 

± .0005 

4.266 

± .003 

6.4606 

±.0005 

3.4699 

± .0006 

4.328 

± .002 

5.4093 

± .0005 

3.8230 

± .0010 

5.6685 

± .0005 

6.1020 

± .0006 

11.49 

±.02 

11.150 

± .004 

4.3835 

± .0020 

11.229 

± .004 

9.401 

± .001 

X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

f3o 'Y 0 

Temp. 

oc 

Sulfides, arsenid~~s, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

11.419 

± .007 

11.190 

± .004 

9.59 

± .02 

11.300 

± .004 

11.310 

± .004 

6.465 

± .002 

5.034 

± .001 

3.152 

± .001 

5.155 

± .001 

4.090 

± .002 

6.1098 

± .0010 

3.978 

± .001 

6.2565 

± .0010 

4.25 

± .01 

3.981 

± .001 

30.487 

± .003 

3.8389 

± .0010 

26 

90.45 

± .30 

26 

25 

25 

11 

Ref. 

18,257 

18,260 

18 

229, 18 

228 

235 

296 

18,264 

144, 153 

123 

19,255 

282 

19 

167 

18 

18, 109 

167 

19,228 

233,234 

233,235 

230 

19, 106 

18,266 

29 

257 

88,283 

266 

258 

156 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

Greigite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

FeaS• 

Daubreeite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

FeCr2S• 

Violarite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

FeNi2S• 

Polymidite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

NiaS• 

Co-Saffiorite mon. deformed 2 

CoAs2 marcasite 

Saffiorite orth. Pnnm(58) marcasite 2 

(Co.oFe.o)As2 

Cobaltite cubic P2t3(198) NiSbS 4 

Co AsS* 

Glaucodot orth. Cmmm(65) 24 

(Co,Fe)AsS* 

Cattierite cubic Pa3(205) pyrite 4 

CoS2 

Trogtalite cubic 

CoSe2 

Pa3(205) pyrite 4 

Loellingite orth. Pnnm(58) marcasite 2 

FeAs2 

Arsenopyrite tri. Pf(2) 4 

FeAsS* 

Gudmundite mon. B2t!d(14) 8 

FeSbS* 

Pyrite cubic Pa3(205) pyrite 4 

FeS2 

Marcasite orth. Pnnm(58) marcasite 2 

FeS2* 

Ferroselite orth. Pnnm(58) marcasite 2 

FeSe2 

Frohbergite orth. Pnnm(58) marcasite 2 

FeTe2 

Hauerite cubic Pa3(205) pyrite 4 

MnS2 

Molybdenite hex. 

MoS2 

P6a/mmc(194) molybdenite 2 

Rammelsbergite orth. Pnnm(58) marcasite 2 

NiAs2 

Pararam melsbergite orth. Pbca(61) 8 

NiAs2 

Gersdorfite cubic P2t3098) 4 

NiAsS 

Vaesite cubic 

NiS2 

Pa3(205) pyrite 4 

cubic Pa3(205) pyrite 4 

NiSe2 

12 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao Po 'Yo oc Ref. 

Sulfides, arsenide:§, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

9.876 237 

± .002 

9.966 152 

± .005 

9.464 155 

± .005 

9.480 144 

±.001 

5.049 5.872 3.127 90.45 26 211,263 

± .002 ± .002 ± .001 ± .20 

5.231 5.953 2.962 26 211,263 

± .002 ± .002 ± .002 

5.60 17 

± .05 

6.64 28.39 5.64 r 17 

± .05 ± .10 ± .05 

5.5345 251, 156 

± .0005 

5.8588 21 

± .0010 

5.300 5.981 2.882 26 211,263 

± .002 ± .002 ± .001 

5.760 5.690 5.785 90.00 112.23 90.00 165 

± .010 ± .005 ± .005 ± .20 ± .20 ± .20 

10.00 5.93 6.73 90.00 28 

± .05 ± .03 ± .03 ±.50 

5.4175 229, 149 

± .0005 251, 105 

4.443 5.423 3.3876 25 229, 27 

±.002 ± .002 ± .0015 

4.801 5.778 3.587 113, 17 

± .005 ± .005 ± .004 

5.265 6.265 3.869 110 

± .005 ± .005 ± .002 

6.1014 28 229 

± .0006 

3.1604 12.295 26 258 

± .0010 ± .002 

4.757 5.797 3.542 26 211,263 

± .002 ± .004 ± .002 296 

5.75 5.82 11.428 191, 143 

±.01 ± .01 ± .02 

5.693 26 264 

±.001 

5.6873 18,144 

± .0005 153 

5.9604 20 111 

± .0010 

13 

267-094 0 - 67 - 3 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

Melonite hex. P3"ml(164) cadmium 

NiTe2 iodide 

Sperry lite cubic Pa3(205) pyrite 4 

PtAs2 

Laurite cubic Pa3(205) pyrite 4 

RuS2 

Tungstenite hex. P6a/mmc(194) molybdenite 2 

ws2 

Co-Skutterudite cubic Im3(204) 8 

CoAsa-x CoAs2.95 

Fe-Skutterudite cubic Im3(204) 8 

FeAsa-x FeAs2.95 

Ni-Skutterudite cubic Im3(204) 8 

NiAsa-x NiAs2.95 

Tennantite cubic I43m(217) tetrahedrite 2 

Cu12As4S1a 

Tetrahedrite cubic 

Cu12Sb4S1a 

I43m(217) tetrahedrite 2 

Enargite orth. Pnn2(34) 2 

CuaAsS4 

Luzonite tet. I42m(121) 2 

CuaAsS4* 

Famatimite tet. I4m(121) 2 

CuaSbS4* 

Proustite hex-R R3c(161) 6 

AgaAsS-a 

Pyrargyrite hex-R R3c(161) 6 

AgaSbSa 

Miargyrite mon. Cc(9) 8 

AgSbS2* 

Oxides and hydroxides 

Corundum hex-R R3"c(167) corundum 6 

AbO a 

Boehmite orth. 

AlO(OH)* 

Cmcm(63) lepidocrocite 4 

Diaspore orth. Pbnm(62) 4 

AIO(OH)* 

Gibbsite mon. P2dn(14) 8 

Al(OH)a 

Arsenolite cubic Fd3m(227) diamond 16 

As20a 

Claudetite mon. P2dn(14) 4 

As20a 

Bromellite hex. P6amc(186) zincite 2 

BeO 

Bismite mon. P2t!c(14) pseudo 8 

a-Bi20a orthorhombic 

14 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co <Xo f3o "/o oc Ref. 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts -Continued 

3.869 5.308 84 269 

± .010 ± .010 

5.968 105,270 

± .005 

5.60 9, 17 

± .02 62, 183 

3.154 12.362 26 261 

± .001 ± .004 

8.2060 210 

± .0010 

8.1814 210 

± .0010 

8.3300 210 

± .0010 

10.190 229 

± .004 

10.327 229,292 

± .004 

6.426 7.422 6.144 26 229 

± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

5.289 10.440 26 229, 96 

± .005 ± .008 

5.384 10.770 26 229, 96 

± .005 ± .008 

10.816 8.6948 26 273 

± .001 ± .0013 

11.052 8.7177 26 273 

± .002 ± .0020 

12.862 4.111 13.220 98.63 139 

± .013 ± .004 ± .010 ± .15 

Oxides and hydroxides 

4.7591 12.9894 25 130, 53 

± .0004 ± .0030 176 

2.868 12.227 3.700 26 256 

± .003 ± .003 ± .003 

4.401 9.421 2.845 40,256 

± .005 ± .005 ± .002 

9.719 5.0705 8.6412 94.57 67 

± .002 ± .0010 ± .0010 ± .25 

11.074 25 254, 11 

± .005 

5.339 12.984 4.5405 94.27 25 266 

± .002 ± .005 ±.0010 ± .10 

2.6979 4.3772 26 16,254 

± .0005 ±.000:5 

8.166 13.827 5.850 90.00 25 266 

± .005 ± .010 ± .004 ± .20 

15 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Oxides and hydroxides-Continued 

Lime cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

CaO 

Portlandite hex. P3"ml(164) Cdl2 

Ca(OH)2 

Monteponite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

CdO 

Cerianite cubic Fm3m(225) fluorite 4 

Ce02 

cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

CoO 

Eskolaite hex-R R3"c(l67) corundum 6 

Cr20a 

Tenorite mon. C2/c(l5) 4 

CuO 

Cuprite cubic Pn~m(224) 2 

Cu20 

Wustite cubic Fm3m(225) defel:t rock 4 

Fe.9sa0 salt 

Hematite hex-R R3"c(167) corundum 6 

Fe20a 

Magnetite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

Fea04 

Goethite orth. Pbnm(62) 4 

a-FeO(OH)* 

Lepidocrocite orth. Amam(63) 4 

'Y-FeO(OH)* 

hex-R R3"c(167) corundum 6 

a-Ga20a 

Low-germania tet. P4/mnm(136) rutile 2 

Ge02 

High -germania hex. P3t21(152) a-quartz 3 

Ge02 P3221(154) 

Ice hex. P6a/mmc(l94) 4 

H20 

Hafnia mon. P2t!c(14) baddeleyite 4 

Hf02 

Montroydite orth. Pnma(62) 4 

HgO 

Periclase cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

MgO 

Brucite hex. P3"ml(l64) Cdh 

Mg(OH)2 

Manganosite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

MnO 

Pyrolusite tet. P4/mnm(l36) rutile 2 

Mn02 

Bixbyite cubic Ia3(206) TbOa 16 

Mn20a 

16 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

a. b. c. ll'o r;. 'Yo oc Ref. 

Oxides and hydroxides-Continued 

4.8108 26 25,254 

± .0005 

3.5933 4.9086 26 25,254 

± .0005 ± .0020 

4.6953 27 255 

± .0010 

5.4110 26 254 

±.0020 

4.260 26 262 

± .002 

4.9607 13.599 176,258 

± .0020 ± .010 

4.684 3.425 5.129 99.47 26 254 

± .005 ± .005 ± .005 ± .17 

4.2696 26 255 

± .0010 

4.3088 17 285 

±.0003 

5.0329 13.7492 25 112,284 

± .0010 ± .0010 

8.3940 22 1, 272 

± .0005 

4.596 9.957 3.021 192 

± .005 ± .010 ± .003 

3.868 12.525 3.066 r 192 

± .010 ± .010 ± .003 

4.9793 13.429 24 257 

± .0010 ± .003 

4.3963 2.8626 25 261, 12 

± .0010 ± .0010 

4.987 5.652 26 254,243 

± .002 ± .002 

4.5212 7.3666 0 147 

± .0010 ± .0010 

5.1156 5.1722 5.2948 99.18 3 

± .0010 ± .0010 ± .0010 ± .08 

6.608 5.518 3.519 25 262 

± .003 ± .003 ± .003 

4.2117 25 227,254 

± .0005 

3.147 4.769 26 259 

± .004 ± .004 

4.4448 26 258, 101 

± .0005 

4.388 2.865 286, 67 

± .003 ± .002: 

9.411 25 262 

± .005 

17 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

N arne and formula system group type z 

Oxides and hydroxides-Continued 

Hausmanite tet. 14r/amd(l4l) 8 

Mn304 

Molybdite orth. Pbnm(62) 4 

Mo03 

Bunsenite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

NiO 

Litharge tet. P4/nmm(l29) 2 

PbO red 

Massi cot orth. Pb2a(32) 4 

PbO yellow 

Minium tet. P42/m bc(l35) 4 

Pb304 

Senarmontite cubic Fm3m(225) arsenic 16 

Sb203 trioxide 

Valentinite orth. Pccn(56) antimony 4 

Sb203 trioxide 

Cervantite cubic Fd3m(227) 8 

Sb204 

Selenolite tet. P42/mbc(l35) 8 

Se02 P42bc(l06) 

a-Quartz hex. P3t2l(152) 3 

Si02* P3221(154) 

{j-Quartz hex. P6422(18l) 3 

Si02* P6222(180) 

a-Cristobalite tet. P4t2t2(92) 4 

Si02 P432t2(96) 

{j-Cristo halite cubic Fd3m(227) 8 

Si02 

Keatite tet. P4t2t2(92) 12 

Si02 P432t2(96) 

{j-Tridymite hex. P62c(172) 4 

Si02 P63/mmc( 194) 

Coesite mon. B2/b(l5) 16 

Si02* 

Stishovite tet. P4/mnm(l36) rutile 2 

Si02* 

Melanophlogite cubic Pm3n(223) clathrate type 46 

Si02* 

Cassiterite tet. P4/mnm(l36) rutile 2 

Sn02 

Tellurite orth. Pbca(61) tellurite 8 

Te02* 

Paratellurite tet. P4t2t2(92) 4 

Te02 P432t2(96) 

Thorianite cubic Fm3m(225) fluorite 4 

Th02 

Rutile tet. P4/mnm(l36) 2 

Ti02 

18 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

Oo bo Co llo fJo /'o oc Ref. 

Oxides and hydroxides-Continued 

8.136 9.422 20 277 

± .005 ± .005 

3.962 13.858 3.697 26 256 

± .002 ± .005 ± .004 

4.177 26 254 

± .002 

3.9759 5.023 27 255 

± .0040 ± .004 

5.489 4.755 5.891 27 255 

± .003 ± .004 ± .004 

8.815 6.565 25 261 

± .005 ± .003 

1l.l52 26 256 

± .003 

4.914 12.468 5.421 25 263 

± .002 ± .005 ± .004 

10.305 26 263 

± .005 

8.35 5.08 26 254 

± .01 ±.01 

4.9136 5.4051 25 90, 53 

± .0001 ± .0001 242 

4.999 5.4592 575 90, 131 

± .001 ± .0020 

4.971 6.918 25 263, 65 

± .003 ± .003 

7.1382 405 245 

± .0010 

7.456 8.604 225, 89 

± .003 ± .005 

5.0463 8.2563 405 245 

± .0020 ± .0030 

7.152 12.379 7.152 120.00 25 230,300 

± .001 ± .002 ± .001 ± .17 

4.1790 2.6649 44 

± .0010 ± .0010 

13.402 232, 136 

± .004 

4.738 3.188 26 254 

± .003 ± .003 

5.607 12.034 5.463 25 262, 20 

± .003 ± .005 ± .003 

4.810 7.613 25 263 

± .002 ± .002: 

5.5952 25 227,254 

±.0005 

4.5937 2.9618 25 252, 55 

± .0005 ± .0010 254 

19 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Oxides and hydroxides-Continued 

Anatase tet. 14damd(l41) 4 

Ti02 

Brookite orth. Pcab(61) 8 

Ti02* 

Titanium sesquioxide hex-R R3"c(l67) corundum 6 

Ti20a 

Uraninite cubic Fm3m(225) fluorite 4 

uo2 

Karelianite hex-R R3"c(l67) corundum 6 

V20a 

Zincite hex. P6amc(l86) zincite 2 

ZnO 

Baddeleyite mon. P2dc(l4) baddeleyite 4 

Zr02 

Multiple oxides 

Spinel cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

MgAl20• 

Hercynite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

FeAl204 

Galaxite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

MnAbO. 

Gahnite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

ZnAl204 

Magnetite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

FeFe204 

Jacobsite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

MnFe204 

Trevorite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

NiFe204 

Picrochromite cubic Fd3m(227) spinel 8 

MgCr204 

Ilmenite hex-R R3"(148) ilmenite 6 

FeTiOa 

Geikielite hex-R R3"(148) ilmenite 6 

MgTiOa 

Pyrophanite hex-R R3"(14&) ilmenite 6 

MnTiOa 

Cobalt Titanate hex-R R3"(148) ilmenite 6 

CoTiOa 

Perovskite orth. Pcmn(62) perovskite 4 

CaTiOa 

Chrysoberyl orth. Pmnb(62) olivine 4 

BeAl204 

Halides 

Halite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

NaCI 

20 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao {jo 'Yo oc Ref. 

Oxides and hydroxides-Continued 

3.785 9.514 55,254 

± .002 ± .006 

5.456 9.182 5.14.3 266 

± .002 ± .005 ± .00.3 

5.149 13.642 176 

± .002 ± .010 

5.4682 26 255 

± .0010 

4.952 14.002 176 

± .002 ± .010 

3.2495 5.2069 25 120 

± .0005 ± .0005 

5.1454 5.2075 5.3107 99.23 3,241 

± .0010 ± .0010 ± .0010 ± .08 

Multiple oxides 

8.080 26 255 

± .002 

8.150 25 275 

± .004 

8.258 25 262 

± .002 

8.0848 26 255 

± .0020 

8.3940 22 272 

± .0005 

8.499 25 262 

± .002 

8.339 25 263 

± .003 

8.333 26 262 

± .003 

5.093 14.055 186 

± .005 ± .020 

5.054 13.898 26 258 

± .005 ± .010 

5.155 14.18 214 

± .005 ± .01 

5.066 13.918 177 

± .001 ± .005 

5.3670 7.6438 5.4439 137 

± .0010 ± .0010 ± .0010 

5.4756 9.4041 4.4267 25 262,80 

± .0020 ± .0030 ± .0020 

Halides 

5.6402 26 255 

± .0002 

21 

267-094 0 - 67 - 4 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Halides-Continued 

Sylvite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

KCl 

Villiaumite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

NaF 

Chlorargyrite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

AgCl 

Bromargyrite cubic Fm3m(225) rock salt 4 

AgBr 

Nantockite cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

CuCl 

Marshite cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

Cui 

Miersite cubic F43m(216) sphalerite 4 

Agl 

Iodargyrite hex. P6amc(l86) zincite 2 

Agl 

Calomel tet. 14/mm(139) 4 

HgCl 

Fluorite cubic Fm3m(225) fluorite 4 

CaF2 

Sellaite tet. P4dmnm(136) rutile 2 

MgF2 

Chloromagnesite hex-R R3"m(l66) 3 

MgCb 

La wren cite hex-R R3"m(l66) 3 

FeCb 

Scacchite hex-R R3"m(166) 3 

MnCb 

Cotunnite orth. Pnmb(62) 4 

PbCb 

Matlockite tet. P4/nmm(129) 2 

PbFCl 

Cryolite mon. P2r/n(l4) 2 

Na3A1Fs* 

Neighborite orth. Pcmn(62) perovskite 4 

NaMgF3 

Carbonates and nitrates 

Calcite hex-R R3"c(167) calcite 6 

CaC03 

Otavite hex-R R3"c(l67) calcite 6 

CdCOa 

Cobalticalcite hex-R R3"c(l67) calcite 6 

CoCOa 

Siderite hex-R R3"c(l67) calcite 6 

FeCOa 

Magnesite hex-R R3"c(l67) calcite 6 

MgCOa 

22 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao /3o 'Y 0 

oc Ref. 

Halides-Continued 

6.2931 25 254, 126 

± .0002 

4.6342 25 254 

± .0005 

5.5491 26 257 

± .0005 

5.7745 26 257 

± .0005 

5.416 25 257 

± .003 

6.0507 26 257 

± .0010 

6.4963 279 

± .0010 

4.5955 7.5005 25 279,261 

± .0010 :±: .0033 

4.478 10.910 26 254 

± .005 ±.005 

5.4638 25 10,254 

± .0004 5 

4.621 3.050 18 70,257 

± .001 ± .001 

3.632 17.795 83 

± .004 -±: .016 

3.593 17.58 83 

± .003 ±.09 

3.711 17.59 83 

± .002 ± .07 

4.535 7.62 9.05 26 255 

± .005 ±.01 ± .01 

4.106 7.23 26 254 

± .005 ±.01 

5.40 5.60 7.776 90.18 186 

±.01 ±.01 ± .010 ± .25 

5.363 7.676 5.503 18 43 

± .001 ± .001 ± .001 

Carbonates and nitrates 

4.9899 17.064 26 107, 15 

± .0010 ± .002 46 

4.9204 16.298 26 107 

± .0010 ± .003 

4.6581 14.958 26 107 

± .0010 ± .003 

4.6887 15.373 26 107 

± .0010 ± .003 

4.6330 15.016 26 107,260 

± .0010 ± .003 

23 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Carbonates and nitrates-Continued 

Rhodochrosite hex-R R1c(167) calcite 6 

MnCOa 

Nickelous Carbonate hex-R R1c(167) calcite 6 

NiCOa 

Smithsonite hex-R R1c(167) calcite 6 

ZnCOa 

Dolomite hex-R R1(148) calcite 3 

CaMg(COa)2* 

Huntite hex-R R32(l55) calcite 3 

MgaCa(COa)4* 

Norsethite hex-R R32(155) calcite 3 

BaMg(C0a)2* 

Vaterite hex. 6 

CaCOa 

Witherite orth. Pnam(62) aragonite 4 

BaCOa 

Aragonite orth. Pnam(62) aragonite 4 

CaCOa 

Cerussite orth. Pnam(62) aragonite 4 

PbCOa 

Strontianite orth. Pnam(62) aragonite 4 

SrCOa 

Shortite orth. Amm2(38) 2 

N a2Ca2( COa)a 

Malachite mon. P2da(14) 4 

Cu2(0H)2COa 

Azurite mon. P2da(14) 2 

Cua(OHMC0a)2 

Niter orth. Pnam(62) aragonite 4 

KNOa 

Soda Niter hex-R R1c(167) calcite 6 

NaNOa 

Gerhardite orth. P212121( 19) 4 

Cu2(N0a)(OH)a 

Sulfates and borates 

Barite orth. Pnma(62) barite 4 

BaS04 

Anhydrite orth. Amma(63) anhydrite 4 

CaS04 Ccmm(63) 

Anglesite orth. Pnma(62) barite 4 

PbS04 

Celestite orth. Pnma(62) barite 4 

SrS04 

Zinkosite orth. Pnma(62) barite 4 

ZnS04 

Arcanite orth. Pnma(62) arcanite 4 

K2S04 

24 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co Olo f3o 'Yo oc Ref. 

Carbonates and nitrates-Continued 

4.7771 15.664 26 107,260 ± .0010 ± .003 

4.5975 14.723 26 107 ± .0010 ± .002 

4.6528 15.025 26 107,261 ± .0010 ± .003 

4.8079 16.010 26 107 ± .0010 ± .003 

9.498 7.816 26 107 ± .003 ± .004 

5.020 16.75 168 ± .005 ± .02 

7.135 8.524 157,150 ± .005 ± .0017 

6.430 8.904 5.314 26 255 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

5.741 7.968 4.959 26 256 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

6.152 8.436 5.195 26 255 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

6.029 8.414 5.107 26 256,230 ± .005 ±.005 ± .005 

4.961 11.03 7.12 169 ± .005 ± .02 ±.011 

9.502 11.974 3.240 98.75 25 263 ± .007 ± .007 ± .003 ± .25 

5.008 5.844 10.336 92.45 25 263 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 ± .25 

6.431 9.164 5.414 26 256 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

5.0696 16.829 25 259 ± .0010 ± .005 

6.075 13.812 5.592 184 ± .004 ± .008 ± .004 

Sulfates and borates 

8.878 5.450 7.152 26 256 ± .005 ± .005 ± .003 

6.991 6.996 6.238 26 257, 45 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

8.480 5398 6.958 25 256 ± .005 ± .005 ± .003 

8.359 5.352 6.866 26 97,255 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

8.588 6.740 4.770 25 260 ± .008 ± .006 ± .005 

5.772 10.072 7.483 25 256 

± .005 ± .005 ± .004 

25 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Sulfates and borates-Continued 

Mascagnite orth. Pnma(62) arcanite 4 (NH4)2S04 

Thenardite orth. Fddd(70) thenardite 8 Na2S04 

Gypsum mon. C2/c(l5) 4 CaS04.2H20* 

Epsomite orth. P212121 (19) 4 MgS04.7H20 

Goslarite orth. P212121( 19) epsomite 4 ZnS04.7H20 

Mirabilite mon. P2dc(l4) 4 Na2S04.IOH20 

Chalcan thi te tri. Pf(2) 2 CuSOdH20 

Brochantite mon. P2dc(l4) 4 Cu4S04(0H)s* 

Syngenite mon. P2dm(ll) 2 K2Ca(S04)2.H20 

Alunite hex-R R3m(l60) 3 KAla(S04MOH)s 

N atroalunite hex-R R3m(l60) 3 NaAla(S04MOH)s 

Hexahydrite mon. C2/c(l5) 8 MgS04.6H20 

Leonhardtite mon. P2dn(l4) 4 MgS04AH20 

Melanterite mon. P2dc(l4) 4 FeS04.7H20 

Vanthoffite mon. P2dc(l4) 2 MgS04.3N a2S04 

Dolerophanite mon. C2/m(l5) 4 Cu20(S04) 

Retgersite tet. P41212(92) 4 NiS04AH20 P4a21(96) 

Colemanite mon. P2da(l4) 4 CaBa04(0H)a.H20* 

Borax mon. C2/c(l5) 4 Na2B407.IOH20 

Kernite mon. P21/c(l4) 4 Na2B401.4H20 

Hambergite orth. Pbca(61) 8 Be2BOa.(OH,F)* 

Phosphates, molybdates, and tungstates 

Berlinite hex. P3121(152) a-quartz 3 AlP04 P3221(154) 

Xenotime tet. 14damd(l41) zircon 4 YP04 

26 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao f3o 'Yo oc Ref. 

Sulfates and borates-Continued 

7.782 5.993 10.636 25 262 ± .005 ± .005 ± .00:5 

5.863 12.304 9.821 25 255 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

5.68 15.18 6.29 113.83 186 

±.01 ± .01 ±.01 ± .22 

11.86 11.99 6.858 25 260 

±.01 ±.01 ± .007 

11.779 12.050 6.822 25 261 ± .005 ± .005 ± .003 

11.51 10.38 12.83 107.75 24 215 ± .01 ±.01 ± .01 ± .17 

6.1045 10.72 5.949 97.57 107.28 77.43 85 ± .0050 ± .01 ± .007 ± .17 ± .17 ± .17 

13.066 9.85 6.022 103.27 67 ± .010 ±.01 ± .010 ± .25 

9.775 7.156 6.251 104.00 7 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 ± .25 

6.982 17.32 22,188 ± .005 ± .01 281 

6.974 16.69 188 ± .005 ±.01 

10.110 7.212 24.41 98.30 298 ± .005 ± .004 ±.01 ±.10 

5.922 13.604 7.905 90.85 13 ± .006 ± .004 ± .005 ± .20 

14.072 6.503 11.041 105.57 14 ± .010 ± .007 ± .010 ± .15 

9.797 9.217 8.199 113.50 86 ± .003 ± .003 ± .003 ± .10 

9.355 6.312 7.628 122.29 87 ± .010 ± .005 ± .005 ± .10 

6.782 18.28 25 260 ± .004 ±.01 

8.743 11.264 6.102 110.12 47 ± .004 ± .002 ± .003 ± .08 

11.858 10.674 12.197 106.68 163 ± .005 ± .005 ± .005 ± .03 

7.022 9.151 15.676 108.83 213 ± .003 ± .004 ± .008 ± .25 

9.755 12.201 4.426 297 ± .001 ± .001 ± .001 

!Phosphates, molybdates, and tungstates 

4.942 10.97 25 263 ± .005 ± .007 

6.885 5.982 26 261.142 ± .005 ± .005 

27 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

N arne and formula systeM group type z 

Phosphates-Continued 

Hydroxylapatite hex. P6a/m(l76) apatite 2 

Cas(PO.)aOH 

Fluorapatite hex. P6a/m(l76) apatite 2 

Cas(PO.)aF 

Chlorapatite hex. P6a/m(l76) apatite 2 

Cas(PO.)aCl 

Carbonate-apatite hex. P6a/m(l76) apatite Ca10(PO.)&COaH20 

Turquois tri. Pf(2) 

CuAl&(PO.).-(OH)s.4H20* 

Powellite tet. 14da(l00) scheelite 4 

CaMoo. 

Wulfenite tet. 14da(l00) scheelite 4 

PbMoo. 

Scheelite tet. 14t/a(l00) scheelite 4 cawo. 

Stolzite tet. 14da(l00) scheelite 4 

PbW04 

Ferberite mon. P2/c(l3) wolframite 2 

Fewo. 

Huebnerite mon. Mnwo. 

P2/c(l3) wolframite 2 

Wolframite mon. P2/c(l3) wolframite 2 

Fe.sMn.sWO. 

Sanmartinite mon. znwo. P2/c(13) wolframite 2 

Ortho and ring structure silicates 

Forsterite orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

Mg2SiO• 

Fayalite orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

Fe2Si04 

Tephroite orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

Mn2SiO•* 

Lime Olivine orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

-yCa2Si04 

Nickel Olivine orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

NbSiO. 

Cobalt Olivine orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

Co2Si04 

Monticellite orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

CaMgSiO. 

Kerschsteinite orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

CaFeSiO. 

Knebelite orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

MnFeSiO.* 

Glauchroite orth. Pbnm(62) olivine 4 

CaMnSiO. 

28 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao f3o 1' 0 oc Ref. 

Phosphates-Continued 

9.418 6.883 158,204 ± .003 ± .003 

9.3684 6.8841 25 266 ± .0030 ± .0030 

9.629 6.777 67 ± .005 ± .003 

9.436 6.883 239 ± .010 ± .010 

7.424 7.629 9.910 68.61 69.71 65.08 48 ± .008 ± .008 ± .010 ± .20 ± .20 ± .20 

5.226 11.43 25 259 

± .005 ± .007 

5.435 12.110 25 260 ± .005 ± .007 

5.242 11.372 25 259 

± .005 ± .005 

5.4616 12.046 25 260 ± .0030 ± .005 

4.732 5.708 4.965 90.00 r 222 ± .004 ± .003 ± .004 ± .05 

4.834 5.758 4.999 91.18 r 222,265 ± .004 ± .005 ± .004 ± .10 

4.782 5.731 4.982 90.57 222 ± .004 ± .004 ± .004 ± .10 

4.691 5.720 4.925 89.36 25 265 ± .003 ± .003 ± .003 ± .20 

0 rtho and ring structure silcates 

4.758 10.214 5.984 25 230, 118 

± .002 ± .003 ± .002 

4.817 10.477 6.105 295 

± .005 ± .005 ± .010 

4.871 10.636 6.232 125 

± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

5.091 11.371 6.782 r 240 

± .010 ± .020 ± .010 

4.727 10.121 5.915 179,203 

± .002 ± .005 ± .002 

4.782 10.301 6.003 181,203 

± .002 ± .005 ± .002 

4.827 11.084 6.376 219 

± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

4.886 11.146 6.434 219 

± .005 ± .005 ± .010 

4.854 10.602 6.162 57 ± .010 ± .010 ± .010 

4.944 11.19 6.529 42 

± .004 ±.01 ± .005 

29 

267-094 0 - 67 - 5 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Ortho and ring structure silicates-Continued 

Fluor-N orbergite o~th. Pnmb(62) 4 

MgzSi04.MgFz 

Chondrodite mon. P2dc(l4) 2 

2MgzSi04.MgF z* 

Fluor-Humite orth. Pnma(62) 4 

3MgzSi04.MgFz 

Clinohumite mon. P2dc(l4) 2 

4MgzSi04.MgF2* 

Grossularite cubic Ia3d(230) garnet 8 

CaaAlzSis012 

Uvarovite cubic Ia3d(230) garnet 8 

CaaCrzSis012 

Andradite cubic Ia3d(230) garnet 8 

CaaFe2Sia012 

Goldmanite cubic Ia3d(230) garnet 8 

Caa V 2Sis012 

Almandite cubic Ia3d(230) garnet 8 

FeaAlzSia012 

Pyrope cubic Ia3d(230) garnet 8 

MgaAlzSia01z 

Spessartite cubic Ia3d(230) garnet 8 

MnaAlzSia012 

Zircon tet. 14/amd(l41) zircon 4 

ZrSi04* 

Tho rite tet. 14/amd(l41) zircon 4 

ThSi04 

Coffinite tet. 14/amd(l41) zircon 4 

USi04 

Kyanite tri. Pf(2) 4 

AbSiOs* 

Andalusite orth. Pnnm(58) 4 

AbSiOs* 

Sillimanite orth. Pbnm(62) 4 

AlzSiOs* Pnma(62) 

3.2 Mullite orth. 3/4 

3Alz0a.2Si02 

2.1 Mullite orth. Pbam(55) 6/5 

2Al20a.Si02 

Staurolite mon. C2/m(15) 2 

FezAlsSi4022(0H)z* 

Topaz orth. Pmnb(62) 4 

Ab(Si04)(0H)* 

Phenacite hex-R R3(148) phenacite 18 

BezSi04* 

Willemite hex-R R3(148) phenacite 18 

Zn2Si04 

Dioptase hex-R R3(148) phenacite 18 

CuH2Si04* 

30 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao f3o /'o oc Ref. 

Ortho and ringstructuresilicates-Continued 

8.727 10.271 4.709 25 263 

± .005 ± .010 ± .002 

7.89 4.743 10.29 109.03 218, 57 

± .03 ± .020 ± .03 ± .30 

10.243 20.72 4.735 25 264,218 

± .005 ± .02 ± .002 

13.68 4.75 10.27 100.83 218, 57 

± .04 ±.02 ± .02 ±.50 

11.851 25 226, 2 

± .001 

11.999 26 263 

± .002 

12.048 25 226 

± .001 

12.070 253 

± .005 

11.526 25 226 

± .001 

11.459 25 226., 100 

± .001 

11.621 25 226 

± .001 

6.604 5.979 25 257, 146 

± .005 ± .005 

7.143 6.327 95 

± .004 ± .003 

6.995 6.263 95 

± .004 ± .005 

7.123 7.848 5.:564 89.92 101.25 105.97 25 236, 34 

± .001 ± .002 ± .008 ± .15 ± .08 ± .08 

7.7959 7.8983 5.:5583 25 236, 38 

± .0050 ± .0020 ± .0020 

7.4843 7.6730 5.7711 25 236, 35 

± .0030 ± .0030 ± .0040 

7.557 7.6876 2.8842 4 

± .002 ± .0020 ± .0010 

7.5788 7.6909 2.8883 4, 36 

± .0020 ± .0020 ± .0010 216 

7.90 16.65 5.63 90.00 57 

± .10 ± .15 ± .10 ± .25 

8.394 8.792 4.649 26 264, 146 

± .005 ± .007 ± .003 

12.472 8.252 25 261 

± .005 ± .005 

13.94 9.309 25 260 

±.01 ± .003 

14.61 7.80 119 

± .02 ±.01 

31 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Ortho and ring structure silicates-Continued 

Larnite mon. P2t!n(l4) 4 

P-Ca2SiO•* 

Akermanite tet. P42tm(ll3) melilite 2 

Ca2MgSi201 

Gehlenite tet. P42tm(l13) melilite 2 

Ca2AbSi01 

Fe-Gehlenite tet. P42tm013) melilite 2 

Ca2Fe2Si01 

Hardystonite tet. P42tm(113) melilite 2 

Ca2ZnSi201* 

Sodium Melilite tet. P42tm(l13) melilite 2 

N aCaAISi267 

Beryl hex. P6/mmc( 192) beryl 2 

BeaAb(Si60ts)* 

Indialite high Cordierite hex. P6/mmc(l92) beryl 2 

Mg2Ala(AISisOts) 

Low Cordierite orth. Cccm(66) 4 

Mg2Ala(AISisOts) 

Fe-Indialite hex. P6/mmc(l92) beryl 2 

Fe2Ala(AISisOts) 

F e-Cordierite orth. Cccm(66) cordierite 4 

Fe2Ala(AISisOts) 

Mn-Indialite hex. P6/mmc(l92) beryl 2 

M n2Ala(AISisOts) 

Sapphirine mon. P2t!c(l4) 8 

Mg2AI.06SiO•* 

Elbaite hex-R R3m(l60) tourmaline 3 

N aLiAh.67 BaSi6027(0 H).* 

Schor I hex-R R3m(l60) tourmaline 3 

NaFeaAI6B3Si6027(0H).* 

Dravite hex-R R3m(l60) tourmaline 3 

N aMg3AI6BaSi6027(0 H). 

Uvite hex-R R3m(160) tourmaline 3 

CaMg.AisBaSi6027(0 H). 

Sphene mon. A2/a(l5) 4 

CaTiSiOs* 

Datolite mon. P2t!c(l4) 4 

CaBSiO.(OH)* 

Euclase mon. P2t!a(l4) 4 

AIBeSiO.(O H)* 

Chloritoid mon. C2/c(l5) 8 

H2FeAbSi01* 

Hemimorphite orth. lmm2(35) 2 

Zn.(OH)2Si207.H20* 

Zoisite orth. Pnma(62) 4 

Ca2Ala(SiO.)a0 H 

Clinozo.isite mon. P2t!m(ll) 2 

Ca2Ala(SiO.)aOH 

32 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao f3o 'Yo oc Ref. 

Or tho and ring structure silicates-Continued 

5.48 6.76 9.28 94.55 161 

± .02 ±.02 ± .02 ± .33 

7.8435 5.010 6, 174 

± .0030 ± .003 182, 77 

7.690 5.0675 6, 174 

± .003 ± .0030 182, 77 

7.54 4.855 182 

± .01 ± .005 

7.87 5.01 67 

± .03 ± .02 

8.511 4.809 182 

± .005 ± .003 

9.215 9.192 25 262 

± .005 ± .005 

9.7698 9.3517 25 223,264 

± .0030 ± .()030 

9.721 17.062 9.339 25 264,223 

± .003 ± .006 ± .003 73, 99 

9.860 9.285 162, 57 

± .010 ± .010 

9.726 17.065 9.287 73 

± .010 ± .010 ± .010 

9.925 9.297 73 

± .010 ± .010 

11.26 14.46 9.95 125.33 57 

± .03 ± .03 ± .02 ±.50 

15.842 7.009 74, 32 

± .010 ± .010 

16.032 7.149 74 

± .010 ± .010 

15.942 7.224 74,209 

± .010 ± .010 32 

15.86 7.19 209 

±.01 ±.01 

7.07 8.72 6.:56 113.95 67 

±.01 ± .01 ± .01 ± .25 

9.62 7.60 4.84 90.15 127 

± .03 ± .03 ± .02 ± .25 

4.763 14.29 4.618 100.25 170 

±•.oo5 ± .02 ± .005 ± .10 

9.48 5.48 18.18 101.77 116 

±.01 ± .01 ± .01 ± .25 

8.370 10.719 5.120 25 255 

± .005 ± .005 ± .005 

16.15 5.581 10.06 202 

±.01 ± .005 ± .01 

8.887 5.581 10.14 115.93 202 

± .007 ± .005 ± .01 ± .33 

33 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Ortho and ring structure sil!cates-Continued 

Epidote mon. P2r/m(ll) 2 

CazAh.sFe1.5(Si04)aO H * 

Piemontite mon. P2r/m(ll) 2 CazAh.sMn~.s(Si04)30H* 

Lawsonite orth. 

CaAizSizO?(OH)z.HzO 

Cccm(63) 4 

Chain and band structure silicates 

Enstatite orth. Pcab(61) 16 

MgSi03* 

Clinoenstatite mon. P2r/c(l5) 8 

MgSi03 

Protoenstatite orth. Pbcn(60) 8 

MgSi03 

High Clinoenstatite tri. 8 

MgSi03 

Clinoferrosilite mon. P2r/c(l5) 8 

FeSi03 

Orthoferrosilite orth. Pcab(6l) enstatite 16 

FeSi03 

Diopside mon. CaMg(Si03)z 

C2/c(l5) diopside 4 

Hedenbergite mon. CaFe(Si03)z* 

C2/c(l5) diopside 4 

Johannsenite mon. CaMn(Si03)z* 

C2/c(l5) diopside 4 

Ureyite mon. N aCr(Si03)z 

C2/c(l5) diopside 4 

Jadeite mon. NaAl(Si03)z* 

C2/c(l5) diopside 4 

Acmite (Aegirine) mon. NaFe(Si03)z 

C2/c(l5) diopside 4 

Ca Tschermak Molecule mon. CaAlzSi06 

C2/c(l5) diopside 4 

Spodumene mon. LiAI(Si03)z 

C2/c(l5) diopside 4 

,8-Spodumene tet. P43212(96) 4 

LiAl(Si03)z P41212(92) 

Pectolite tri. Pf(2) 2 

CazNaH(SiOs)s* 

Wollastonite tri. Pf(2) 6 

CaSiOs* 

Para wollastonite mon. P21(4) 12 

CaSi03* 

Pseudowollastonite tri. 24 

CaSiOs* 

Rhodonite tri. Pf(2) 10 

MnSi03* 

34 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao fJo 'Yo oc Ref. 

Orthio and ring structure silicates-Continued 

8.89 5.63 10.19 115.40 224 

±.02 ±.01 ± .02 ± .30 

8.95 5.70 9.41 115.70 57 

± .02 ± .01 ± .02 ±.50 

8.787 5.836 13.12.3 201, 185 

± .005 ± .005 ± .008 

Chain and band structure silicates 

8.829 18.22 5.192 52,259 

± .010 ±.01 :i: .00:5 122 

9.620 8.825 5.188 108.33 164 

± .005 ± .005 ± .00:5 ± .17 

9.25 8.74 5.32 24 

±.01 ± .01 :i: .01 

10.000 8.934 5.170 88.27 70.03 91.01 200 

± .005 ± .004 ::±:: .003 ± .05 ± .04 ± .04 

9.7085 9.0872 5.2284 108.43 37 

± .0010 ± .0011 ± .004 ± .05 

9.080 18.431 5.238 37,287 

± .002 ± .004 ± .001 

9.743 8.923 5.251 105.93 220, 49 

± .005 ± .005 ± .003 ± .25 

9.854 9.024 5.263 104.23 145 

± .010 ± .010 ± .010 ± .33 

9.83 9.04 5.27 105.00 58 

± .03 ± .03 ± .02 ±.50 

9.550 8.712 5.27 3 107.44 91 

± .016 ± .007 ± .008 ± .16 

9.409 8.564 5.220 107.50 205 

± .005 ± .005 ± .005 ± .20 

9.658 8.795 5.294 107.42 180 

± .005 ± .005 ± .005 ± .20 

9.615 8.661 5.272 106.12 49 

± .005 ± .005 ± .003 ± .20 

9.451 8.387 5.208 110.07 249, 58 

± .002 ± .002 ± .001 ± .03 

7.5332 9.1540 238 

± .0008 ± .0008 

7.99 7.04 7.02 90.05 95.27 102.47 33, 31 

±.01 ± .01 ± .01 ± .25 ± .25 ± .25 

7.94 7.32 7.07 90.03 95.37 103.43 31, 190 

± .01 ±.01 ±.01 ± .25 ± .25 ± .25 33 

15.417 7.321 7.066 95.40 271, 190 

± .004 ± .002 ± .003 ± .10 

6.90 11.78 19.65 90.00 90.80 90.00 132 

± .02 ± .02 ± .02 ± .30 ± .30 ± .30 

7.682 11.818 6.707 92.36 93.95 105.66 196 

± .002 ± .003 ± .002 ± .05 ± .05 ± .05 

35 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Chain and band structure silicates-Continued 

Bustamite tri. Af(2) 6 

CaMn(SiOah* 

Pyroxmangite tri. Pf(2) 7 

MnFe(SiOah* 

Tremolite mon. C2/m(12) tremolite 2 

Ca2Mgs[Sis022](0Hh* 

Fluor-tremolite mon. C2/m(12) tremolite 2 

Ca2Mgs[Sis022JF2 

Ferrotremolite mon. C2/m(12) tremolite 2 

Ca2F es [Sis022]( 0 H )2 

Grunerite mon. C2/m(12) tremolite 2 

Fe7(Sis022](0H)2 

Cummingtonite (hypo.) mon. C2/m(l2) tremolite 2 

Mg7(Sis022](0Hh 

Riebeckite mon. C2/m(l2) tremolite 2 

Na2FeaFe2[Sis022](0H)2 

M agnesioriebeckite mon. C2/m(12) tremolite 2 

Na2MgaFe2[Sis022](0Hh 

Gaucqphane I mon. C2/m(l2) tremolite 2 

Na2MgaAb(Sis022](0H)2 

Glaucophane II mon. C2/m(l2) tremolite 2 

Na2MgaAb[Sis022](0H)2 

Fluor-edenite mon. C2/m(l2) tremolite 2 

NaCa2Mgs[AISi1022]F2 

Fluor-richterite mon. C2/m(l2) tremolite 2 

N a2CaMgs [Sis022]F 2 

Anthophyllite orth. Pnma(62) 4 

Mg7(Sis022](0H)2 

Framework structure silicates 

Microcline tri. 

KAlSiaOs 

C[(2) 4 

High Sanidine mon. KAlSiaOa 

C2/m(l2) 4 

Orthoclase mon. KAISiaOa* 

C2/m(l2) 4 

Fe-Sanidine mon. KFeSiaOs 

C2/m(l2) 4 

Fe-M icrocline tri. 

KFeSiaOs 

Cf(2) 4 

Low Albite tri. Cf(2) 4 

NaAlSiaOs 

High Albite (Analbite) tri. Cf(2) 4 

NaAlSiaOa 

Anorthite tri. Pf(2) primitive 8 

CaAbSi20s cell 

Synthetic hex. P6a/mcm(l93) 2 

CaAbSi20s 

36 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao fJo 'Yo oc Ref. 

Chai.n and band structure silicates-Continued 

7.736 7.157 13.824 90.52 94.58 103.87 197, 195 

± .003 ± .003 ± .010 ± .25 ± .25 ± .25 

7.56 17.45 6.67 84.00 94.30 113.70 151 

± .02 ± .05 ± .02 ± .30 ± .30 ± .30 

9.840 18.052 5.275 104.70 248,301 

± .010 ± .020 ± .010 ± .25 58 

9.781 18.01 5.267 104.52 20 52, 58 

± .007 ± .01 ± .0015 ± .25 

9.97 18.34 5.301 104.50 76 

±.01 ± .02 ±.01 ± .10 

9.572 18.44 5.342 101.77 138,278 

± .005 ± .01 ± .0017 ± .25 

9.476 17.935 5.292 102.23 278, 98 

± .010 ± .010 ± .0015 ± .25 

9.729 18.065 5.334 103.31 75 

± .020 ± .020 ± .010 ± .25 

9.733 17.946 5.299 103.30 75 

± .010 ± .020 ± .010 ± .25 

9.748 17.915 5.273 102.78 75 

± .010 ± .020 ± .010 ± .25 

9.663 17.696 5.277 103.67 75, 58 

± .010 ± .020 ± .010 ± .10 

9.847 18.00 5.282 104.83 140, 58 

± .005 ±.01 ± .005 ± .25 

9.823 17.96 5.268 104.33 140, 58 

± .005 ±.01 ± .005 ± .25 

18.61 18.01 5.24 108 

± .02 ± .06 ±.011 

Framework structure silicates 

8.582 12.964 7.222 90.62 115.92 87.68 249, 84 

± .002 ± .005 ± .002 ± .10 ± .10 ± .10 280, 23 

8.615 13.031 7.177 115.98 249, 66 

± .002 ± .003 ± .002 ± .10 

8.562 12.996 7.193 116.02 134 

± .003 ± .004 ± .003 ± .15 

8.689 13.12 7.319 116.10 291 

± .008 ±.01 ± .007 ± .30 

8.68 13.10 7.340 90.75 116.05 86.23 291 

± .01 ±.01 ± .007 ± .25 ± .25 ± .25 

8.139 12.788 7.160 94.27 116.57 87.68 26 249, 82 

± .002 ± .003 ± .002 ± .10 ±.10 ± .10 51,280 

8.160 12.870 7.106 93.54 116.36 90.19 249, 82 

± .002 ± .003 ± .002 ±.10 ± .10 ±.10 148,246 

8.177 12.877 14.169 93.17 115.85 91.22 249, 51 

± .002 ±.003 ± .003 ± .02 ± .02 ± .02 159 

5.10 14.72 267 

± .02 ± .02 

37 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Framework structure silicates-Continued 

Synthetic orth. P21212(18) 2 

CaAbSi20s 

Celsian mon. 12I/c(l5) 8 

BaAbSi20s* 

Paracelsian mon. P2da(l4) 4 

BaAbSi20s* 

Banalsite orth. 4 

BaN a2Al4Si401s* 

Danburite orth. Pnam(62) 4 

CaB2Si20s* 

Low Nepheline hex. C6a(l78) 8 

NaA1Si04 

High Carnegeite cubic 4 

NaAISio4· 

Kaliophilite natural hex. P6a22(182) 54 

KA1Si04* 

Kaliophilite synthetic hex. P6a(173) 2 

KA1Si04 P6a22(182) 

Kalsilite hex. P6a( 173) 2 

KA1Si04 

Leu cite tet. 14da(100) 16 

KAlSi20s 

High Leu cite cubic la3d(230) 16 

KAISi20s* 

Fe-Leucite tet. 14da(l00) 16 

KFeSi20s 

Petalite mon. P2dn(l4) 2 

LiAlSi4010* 

Marialite tet. 14/m(87) 2 

N a4AbSi9024Cl P4/m(83) 

Meionite tet. 14/m(87) 2 

Ca4AlsSis024COa P4/m(83) 

Sheet structure silicates 

Muscovite mon. C2/c(15) 2M2 mica 4 

KAb[AlSb010](0H)2* 

Paragonite mon. C2/c(15) 2MI mica 4 

NaAb[AlSbOIO](OH)2* 

Lepidolite mon. C2/c(l5) 2M2 mica 2 

K2AbLh [AISi102o]( 0 H)4 * 

Phlogopite mon. Cm(8) 1M mica 2 

KMga[AlSbOIO](OH)2 

Fluor-phlogopite mon. Cm(8) IM mica 2 

KMga[AlSia010]F2 

Annite mon. Cm(8) IM mica 2 

KFea[AlSiaOIO](OH)2 

Ferriannite mon. C2/m(12) 2 

KFea[FeSiaOJo](OHh 

38 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo Co ao /3o 'Yo oc Ref. 

Framework structure silicates-Continued 

8.22 8.60 4.83 56 

± .02 ± .02 ±.01 

8.627 13.045 14.408 115.20 178 

± .010 ± .010 ± .020 ± .25 

8.58 9.583 9.08 90.00 244, 60 

± .02 ± .020 :±;; .02 ±.50 

8.50 9.97 16.72 60 

± .02 ± .02 ± .03 

8.04 8.77 7.74 133, 60 

± .02 ± .02 ± .02 

9.986 8.330 68,247 

± .005 ± .004 

7.325 750 247 

± .004 

26.930 8.522 247 

± .010 ± .004 

5.180 8.559 247 

± .002 ± .004 

5.1597 8.7032 247, 199 

± .0020 ± .0030 

13.074 13.738 25 81 

± .003 ± .003 

13.43 625 67 

± .05 

13.205 13.970 25 81 

± .002 ± .003 

11.32 5.14 7.62 105.90 67 

± .03 ±.01 ±.Ol ± .20 

12.064 7.5l4 78, 187 

± .008 ± .004 

12.174 7.6:52 78 

± .008 ± .015 

Sheet structure silicates 

5.203 8.995 20.030 94.47 294, 108 

± .005 ± .005 ± .010 ± .33 

5.13 8.89 19.32 95.17 79, 108 

± .03 ± .05 ± .10 ±.50 

9.2 5.3 20.0 98.00 59 

±.1 ±.1 ± .2 ±.50 

5.326 9.210 10.311 100.17 290,293 

± .010 ± .010 ± .010 ± .10 

5.299 9.188 10.135 99.92 141 

± .005 ± .005 ± .005 ± .10 

5.391 9.350 10.313 99.70 79 

± .010 ± .005 ± .020 ± .25 

5.430 9.404 10.341 100.07 289 

± .002 ± .003 ± .006 ± .20 

39 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Crystal Space Structure 

Name and formula system group type z 

Sheet structure silicates-Continued 

Margarite mon. C2/c(15) 2M mica 4 CaAl2[AbSi2010](0H)2* 

Talc mon. C2/c(15) 2M! 4 MgaSi4010(0H)2* 

Pyrophyllite mon. C2/c(15) 2M! 4 AbSi4010(0 Hh* 

Minnesotaite mon. C2/c(15) 4 FeaSi4010(0H)2* 

Dickite mon. Cc(9) 4 AbSi20s(OH)4* 

Kaolinite tri. Pl(l) 2 AbSi20s(OH)4* 

Nacrite mon. Cc(9) 4 AbSi20s(OH)4* 

Zeolites 

Analcite cubic Ia3d(230) 16 N aAlSi20s.H20 

Natrolite orth. Fdd2(43) 8 Na2AbSia01o.2H20* 

40 
X-Ray Crystallographic Data of Minerals 

Temp. 

ao bo c, ao /3o 'Yo oc Ref. 

Sheet structure silicates-Continued 

5.13 8.92 19.50 95.00 59 ± .02 ± .03 ± .05 ±.50 

5.287 9.158 18.95 99.50 248 ± .007 ± .010 ±.01 ± .20 

5.14 8.90 18.55 99.92 114 ± .02 ± .02 ± .03 ± .20 

5.4 9.42 19.4 100.00 59 

±.1 ± .04 ±.1 ±.50 

5.150 8.940 14.736 103.58 175, 8 ± .002 ± .003 ± .005 ± .10 

5.155 8.959 7.407 91.68 104.87 89.93 104 ± .007 ± .010 ± .008 ::i= .35 ± .35 ± .35 

8.909 5.146 15.697 113.70 8 ± .010 ± .010 ± .020 ± .25 

Zeolites 

13.733 217 ± .005 

18.30 18.63 6.60 160 ± .02 ± .02 ± .01 

41 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell. X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 calbar- 1 grams em -a oc Ref. 

Elements 

Silver 107.870 4 cubic 68.227 10.272 .24556 10.501 25 254, 198 

Ag ±: .010 ±: .002 ±: .00008 ±:.002 

Arsenic 74.922 6 hex-R 129.23 12.972 .31007 5.776 26 231,256. As ±: .08 ±: .002 ±: .00023 ±.004 

Gold 196.967 4 cubic 67.847 10.215 .24420 19.282 25 254, 10 

Au ±: .010 ±: .002 ±: .00008 ±: .003 

Bismuth 208.980 6 hex-R 212.29 21.309 .50934 9.8071 26 129,221 Bi ±: .11 ± .Oll ±.00030 ±: .0050 256 

Diamond 12.0ll 8 cubic 45.385 3.4166 .08170 3.5155 25 189,227 C* ±: .004 ±: .0003 ±.00005 ±: .0003 172 +:-. 

N Graphite 12.011 4 hex. '35.189 5.2982 .12668 2.2670 15 173 

C* ±: .006 ±: .0009 ±: .00007 ±: .0004 

Copper 63.54 4 cubic 47.242 7.1128 .17005 8.9331 25 254 

Cu ±: .020 ±: .0030 ±: .00012 ±: .0037 

a-Iron 55.847 2 cubic 23.551 7.0918 .16954 7.8748 25 257 

Fe ±: .012 ±: .0037 ±: .00013 ±: .0041 

Nickel 58.71 4 cubic 43.756 6.5880 .15750 8.9117 25 254 

Ni ±: .019 ±: .0028 ±: .00011 ±: .0038 

Lead 207.19 4 cubic 121.32 18.267 .43663 11.342 25 254 

Pb ±: .04 ±: .006 ±: .00018 ±: .003 

Platinum 195.09 4 cubic 60.379 9.0909 .21732 21.460 25 254 

Pt ±: .023 ±: .0035 ±: .00013 ±: .008 

orthorhombic Sulfur 32.064 128 orth. 3296.73 15.511 .37078 2.0671 25 54, 41 

s ±: .97 ±: .005 ±: .00015 ±: .0006 

monoclinic Sulfur 32.064 48 moo. 1314.6 16.49 .3943 1.944 103 67 

s ±: 6.4 ±: .08 ±: .0020 ±.009 
rhombohedral Sulfur 32.064 18 hex-R 433.78 14.514 .34693 2.2092 r 69 

s ± .19 ± .006 ± .00020 ± .0010 

Antimony 121.75 6 hex-R 181.45 18.213 .43535 6.685 26 231,221 

Sb ± .09 ± .010 ± .00028 ± .004 256 

Selenium 78.96 3 hex. 81.793 16.420 .39249 4.8088 26 250 

Se ± .033 ± .007 ± .00020 ± .0019 

Silicon 28.086 8 cubic 160.15 12.056 .28819 2.3296 25 189, 10 

Si ± .03 ± .002 ± .00009 ± .0004 121 

/3-Tin (white) 118.69 4 tet. 108.18 16.289 .38935 7.2867 26 129 

So ± .04 ± .005 ± .00017 ± .0024 

Tellurium 1...,""7 £{\ 'l 1£/.VV J hex. 102.00 20*476 .48944 6.2316 25 254 

Te ± .04 ± .008 ± .00024 ± .0025 

Zinc 65.37 2 hex. 30.428 9.162 .2190 7.134 25 254 

Zn ± .024 ± .007 ± .0002 ± .006 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts 

.,J::. 

(Jj Shandite 654.638 3 hex-R 367.76 73.83 1.765 8.867 r 124, 194 

/3-NiaPbzSz* ± 1.35 ± .27 ± .007 ± .033 

High-Argentite 247.804 4 cubic 246.4 37.09 .8866 6.680 600 64 

AgzS I 

Argentite ± 2.4 ± .36 ± .0085 ± .064 

AgzS II 247.804 2 cubic 115.5 34.78 .8313 7.125 189 64 

Acanthite ± .6 ± .17 ± .0041 ± .035 

AgzS III 247.804 4 mon. 227.08 34.19 .8172 7.248 25 263, 64 

High-N aumanite ± .29 ± .04 ± .0011 ± .009 

AgzSe 294.700 2 cubic 124.48 37.48 .8959 7.862 170 207 

± 1.20 ± .36 ± .0087 ± .076 

343.340 2 cubic 148.0 44.58 1.065 7.702 825 207 

AgzTe I ± .8 ± .26 ± .006 ± .044 

343.340 4 cubic 285.54 42.99 1.028 7.986 250 207 

Agz Te II ± 1.30 ± .20 ± .005 ± .036 

Hessite 343.340 4 mon. 271.33 40.85 .9764 8.405 r 94 

Agz Te III ± 1.43 ± .22 ± .0052 ± .044 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

227.856 4 cubic 228.10 34.34 .8209 6.635 300 64 

Agl.55Cu.4sS I ± 1.12 ± .17 ±.0041 ± .033 

227.856 2 cubic 112.33 33.83 .8085 6.736 116 64 

Agl.55Cu.4sS II ± .35 ± .11 ± .0026 ±.021 

Jalpaite 227.856 16 tet. 884.30 33.286 .79559 6.8455 r 64 

Ag1.5sCU.45S III ± .93 ± .035 ± .00088 ± .0072 

200.371 4 cubic 211.82 31.89 .7623 6.283 196 64 

Ag.9aCu1mS I ± .96 ± .14 ± .0035 ± .029 

200.371 2 hex. 105.36 31.73 .7583 6.316 100 64 

~ Ag.9aCu1mS II ± .23 ± .07 ± .0017 ± .014 

~ Stromeyerite 200.371 4 orth. 214.84 32.35 .7732 6.194 r 64 

Ag.9aCu1.o1S III ± .18 ± .03 ±.0007 ± .005 

Eucairite 250.370 10 orth. 527.12 31.75 .7588 7.887 r 92 

AgCuSe ± 1.62 ± .10 ± .0024 ± .024 

Petzite 775.777 8 cubic 1118.4 84.19 2.012 9.214 r 93 

AgaAuTe2* ± 6.5 ± .49 ± .012 ± .053 

Maldonite 602.914 8 cubic 503.98 37.94 .9068 15.891 r 135 

Au2Bi ± .38 ± .03 ± .0007 ± .012 

High-Digenite 159.144 4 cubic 187.64 28.25 .6753 5.633 465 63,212 

Cu2S I ± .98 ± .15 ± .0036 ± .030 

High-Chalcocite 159.144 2 hex. 91.34 27.50 .6574 5.786 152 63,212 

Cu2S II ± .21 ± .06 ± .0015 ± .013 

Chalcocite 159.144 96 orth. 4379.5 27.475 .65671 5.7924 r 63,212 

Cu2S III ± 2.5 ± .016 ± .00043 ± .0034 

Digenite 145.801 4 cubic 172.76 26.012 .6217 5.605 25 63,212 

CuugS (Cu rich side) ± .09 ± .014 ± .0004 ± .003 
Digenite 144.530 4 cubic 171.34 25.798 .6166 5.602 25 63,212 

Cu1.77S (S rich side) ± .09 ± .014 ± .0004 ± .003 

Berzelianite 206.040 4 cubic 200.2 30.14 .7205 6.835 170 212 

Cu2Se ± 1.0 ± .15 ± .0037 ± .035 

High-Bornite 501.803 1 cubic 166.4 100.2 2.395 5.008 240 166 

CusFeS4* ± .9 ± .5 ± .013 ± .027 

Metastable Bornite 501.803 8 cubic 1309.34 98.57 2.356 5.091 r 166 

CusFeS4 ± 7.18 ± .54 ± .013 ± .028 

Low-Bornite 501.803 16 tet. 2618.7 98.57 2.356 5.091 r 166 

CusFeS4* ± 10.7 ± .40 ± .010 ± .021 

Umangite 348.54 2 tet. 175.25 52.77 1.261 6.604 r 17, 72 

CuaSe2 ± .68 ± .2i ± .005 ± .026 

Heazelwoodite 240.258 3 hex-R 203.98 40.95 .9788 5.867 r 144, 153 

NiaS2 ± .09 ± .02 ± .0005 ± .003 

Maucherite 1245.183 4 tet. 1029.36 154.98 3.7043 8.0343 r 296 

NiuAss ± .56 ± .08 ± .0021 ± .0044 

+:-. Pentlandite 769.725 4 cubic 1059.96 159.59 3.8144 4.823 r 154 Vl Fes.2sNia.75Ss ± 3.12 ± .47 ± .0113 ± .014 

Pentlandite 774.166 4 cubic 1028.77 154.89 3.702 4.998 r 154 

F ea.?sN h.2sSs ± 3.06 ± .46 ± .011 ± .015 

Sternbergite 315.756. 8 orth. 974.81 73.39 1.754 4.303 r 193 

AgFe2Sa* ± 2.71 ± .20 ± .005 ± .012 

Argentopyrite 315.756 4 orth. 491.2 73.96 1.768 4.269 r 171 

AgFe2Sa* ± 1.9 ± .29 ± .007 ± .017 

Realgar 106.986 16 mon. 791.6 29.80 .7122 3.591 r 26, 128 

AsS* ± 6.4 ± .24 ± .0058 ± .029 

Oldhamite 72.144 4 cubic 184.12 27.722 .6626 2.602 r 260, 115 

CaS ± .58 ± .088 ± .0021 ± .008 206 

Greenockite 144.464 2 hex. 99.407 29.934 .71549 4.8261 r 235 

CdS ± .050 ± .015 ± .00041 ± .0024 

Hawleyite 144.464 4 cubic 198.46 29.88 .7142 4.835 r 228, 18 

CdS ± .20 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .005 276 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams em - 3 oc Ref. 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

(hypothetical) 144.464 4 cubic 167.83 25.27 .6040 5.717 r 19 

CdS ± .18 ± .03 ± .0007 ±.006 

Cadmoselite 191.36 2 hex. 112.00 33.727 .80614 5.6738 r 18,260 

CdSe ± .05 ± .016 ± .00044 ± .0028 

240.00 4 cubic 272.16 40.977 .97943 5.8569 25 18,266 

CdTe ± .08 ± .012 ± .00032 ± .0016 

(hypothetical) 90.997 4 cubic 152.19 22.91 .5477 3.971 r 117 

CoS ± .09 ± .02 ± .0004 ± .002 

Chalcopyrite 180.309 4 tet. 292.96 44.109 1.0543 4.0878 r 18 

~ (CuFeS2) CuFeS1.9o ± .18 ± .027 ± .0007 ± .0025 

0\ Cubanite 271.246 4 orth. 447.53 67.38 1.611 4.026 r 30 

CuFe2S3* ± 1.08 ± .16 ± .004 ± .010 

Covellite 95.604 6 hex. 203.48 20.42 .4882 4.682 r 257 

CuS ± .16 ± .02 ± .0005 ± .001 

Klockmannite 142.50 78 hex. 3014.8 23.28 .5564 6.122 r 71,268 

CuSe ± 9.7 ± .08 ± .0018 ± .020 

Troilite 87.911 2 hex. 60.439 18.20 .4350 4.830 28 274 

FeS ± .106 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .009 

Pyrrhotite 86.794 2 hex. 60.14 18.11 .4329 4.793 28 274 

Fe.9soS ± .04 ± .01 ± .0003 ± .003 

Pyrrhotite 81.489 2 hex. 58.507 17.62 .4211 4.625 28 274 

Fe.ss5S ± .046 ± .02 ± .0004 ± .004 

(hypothetical) 87.911 4 cubic 162.32 24.44 .5842 3.597 r 228,234 

FeS ± .09 ± .01 ± .0004 ± .002 

(hypothetical) 87.911 2 hex. 82.38 24.81 .5930 3.544 r 235 

FeS ± .05 ± .02 ± .0004 ± .002 
Cinnabar 232.654 3 hex. 141.55 28.416 .6792 8.187 r 18,257 

HgS ± .07 ± .015 ± .0004 ± .004 

Metacinnabar 232.654 4 cubic 200.38 30.169 .7211 7.712 r 18,257 

HgS ± .10 ± .016 ± .0004 ± .004 

Tiemannite 279.55 4 cubic 225.34 33.928 .8110 8.239 r 18,260 

HgSe ± .56 ± .084 ± .0020 ± .020 

Coloradoite 328.19 4 cubic 269.59 40.590 .97016 8.0855 r 18 

HgTe ± .08 ± .011 ± .00032 ± .0023 

Alabandite 87.002 4 cubic 142.51 21.457 .51289 4.0546 r 229, 18 

MnS ± .04 ± .006 ± .00019 ± .0012 

(hypoti)etical) 87.002 4 cubic 176.65 26.60 .6357 3.271 r 228 

MnS ± .19 ± .03 ± .0007 ± .004 

(hypothetical) 87.002 2 hex. 88.96 26.79 .6403 3.248 r 235 

MnS ± .05 ± .02 ± .0004 ± .002 

Niccolite 133.632 2 hex. 57.07 17.18 .4108 7.776 r 296 

NiAs ± .03 ± .01 ± .0003 ± .005 

..j:::.. Millerite 90.774 9 hex-R 252.41 16.891 .40374 5.3743 r 18,264 -.l NiS ± .10 ± .006 ± .00020 ± .0020 144, 153 

Breithauptite 180.46 2 hex. 69.37 20.89 .4994 8.639 r 123 

NiSb ± .04 ± .01 ± .0004 ± .005 

Galena 239.254 4 cubic 209.16 31.492 .75272 7.5973 26 19,255 

PbS ± .05 ± .008 ± .00024 ± .0019 282 

Clausthalite 286.15 4 cubic 229.84 34.605 .82713 8.2690 r 19 

PbSe ± .06 ± .009 ± .00025 ± .0020 

Teallite 390.008 2 orth. 199.24 59.996 1.4340 6.501 r 167 

PbSnSz ± .21 ± .063 ± .0016 ± .007 

Altaite 334.79 4 cubic 269.66 40.601 .97043 8.2459 r 18 

PbTe ± .06 ± .009 ± .00027 ± .0019 

Cooperite 227.154 2 tet. 73.563 22.152 .5295 10.254 r 18, 109 

PtS ± .028 ± .008 ± .0003 ± .004 

Herzenbergite 150.754 4 orth. 192.66 29.01 .6933 5.197 r 167 

SnS ± .12 ± .02 ± .0005 ± .003 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

Sphalerite 97.434 4 cubic 158.28 23.831 .56962 4.0885 r 19,228 ZnS ± .04 ± .007 ± .00020 ± .0011 233,234 

Wurtzite 97.434 2 hex. 79.190 23.846 .56998 4.0859 r 233,235 ZnS ± .043 ± .013 ±.00036 ± .0022 230 

Stilleite 144.33 4 cubic 182.14 27.424 .65548 5.2630 r 19, 106 

ZnSe ± .05 ± .007 ± .00022 ± .0014 

192.97 4 cubic 227.20 34.209 .. 81765 5.6410 r 18,266 ZnTe ± .07 ± .010 ± .00029 ± .0017 

Orpiment 246.035 4 mon. 468.3 70.51 1.685 3.490 r 29 

~ As2S3* ± 1.7 ± .25 ±.006 ± .013 

00 Bismuthinite 514.152 4 orth. 501.59 75.520 1.8050 6.8081 26 257 

Bi2S3 ± .28 ± .043 ± .0011 ± .0038 

Tellurobismuthite 800.76 3 hex-R 507.33 101.85 2.4342 7.862 25 88,283 Bi2 Te3 ± .47 ± .09 ± .0023 ± .007 266 

Stibnite 339.692 4 orth. 487.54 73.406 1.7545 4.6276 25 258 

Sb2S3 ± .28 ± .042 ± .0010 ± .0026 

Linnaeite 305.056 8 cubic 830.85 62.548 1.4950 4.8772 r 156 

Co3S4 ± .27 ± .020 ± .0005 ± .0016 

Greigite 295.797 8 cubic 963.26 72.52 1.733 4.079 r 237 

Fe3S4 ± .59 ± .04 ±.001 ± .003 

Daubreeite 288.095 8 cubic 989.83 74.52 1.781 3.866 r 152 

FeCr2S4 ± 1.49 ± .ll ±.003 ±.006 

Violarite 301.523 8 cubic 847.66 63.81 1.525 4.725 r 155 

FeNi2S4 ± 1.34 ± .10 ±.002 ±.008 

Polymidite 304.386 8 cubic 851.97 64.138 1.5330 4.7458 r 144 

NiaS4 ± .27 ± .020 ± .0005 ± .0015 
Co-Saffiorite 208.776 2 mon. 92.706 27.92 .6672 7.479 26 211,263 

CoAs2 ± .057 ± .02 ± .0005 ± .005 

Saffiorite 207.233 2 orth. 92.237 27.775 .6639 7.461 26 211,263 

(Co.5Fe.5)As2 ± .078 ± .024 ± .0006 ± .006 

Coba1tite 165.919 4 cubic 175.62 26.44 .6320 6.275 r 17 

Co AsS* ± 4.70 ± .71 ± .0170 ± .168 

G1aucodot 164.376 24 orth. 1063.2 26.68 .6377 6.161 r 17 

(Co,Fe)AsS* ± 12.9 ± .32 ± .0078 ± .075 

Cattierite 123.061 4 cubic 169.53 25.524 .61009 4.8213 r 251, 156 

CoS2 ± .05 ± .007 ± .00021 ± .0013 

Trogta1ite 216.853 4 cubic 201.11 30.279 .72374 7.1618 r 21 

CoSe2 ± .10 ± .016 ± .00042 ± .0037 

Loellingite 205.69 2 orth. 91.357 27.51 .6576 7.477 26 211,263 

FeAs2 ± .056 ± .02 ± .0005 ± .005 

Arsenopyrite 162.833 4 tri. 175.51 26.42 .6316 6.162 r 165 

FeAsS* ± .44 ± .07 ± .0016 ± .015 

Gudmundite 209.661 8 moo. 399.09 30.04 .7181 6.978 r 28 

..j::::.. FeSbS* ± 3.35 ± .25 ± .0061 ± .059 

\0 Pyrite 119.975 4 cubic 159.00 23.940 .57221 5.0116 r 229, 149 

FeS2 ± .04 ± .007 ± .00020 ± .0014 251, 105 

Marcasite 119.975 2 orth. 81.622 24.579 .58749 4.8813 25 229, 27 

FeS2* ± .060 ± .018 ± .00047 ± .0036 

Ferrose1ite 213.767 2 orth. 99.50 29.96 .7162 7.134 r 113, 17 

FeSe2 ± .17 ± .05 ± .0013 ± .013 

Frohbergite 311.047 2 orth. 127.62 38.43 .9185 8.094 r 110 

FeTe2 ± .17 ± .05 ± .0013 ± .011 

Hauerite 119.066 4 cubic 227.14 34.198 .81741 3.4816 28 229 

MnS2 ± .07 ± .010 ± .00029 ± .0010 

Molybdenite 160.068 2 hex. 106.35 32.025 .76547 4.9982 26 258 

MoS2 ± .07 ± .021 ± .00055 ± .0033 

Ramme1sbergite 208.553 2 orth. 97.645 29.41 .7030 7.091 26 211,263 

NiAs2 ± .096 ± .03 ± .0007 ± .007 296 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Sulfides, arsenides, tellurides, selenides, and sulfosalts-Continued 

Pararammelsbergite 208.553 8 orth. 382.42 28.79 .6882 7.244 r 191, 143 

NiAs2 ± 1.15 ± .09 ± .0021 ± .022 

Gersdorfite 165.696 4 cubic 184.51 27.78 .6640 5.964 26 264 

NiAsS ± .10 ± .01 ± .0004 ± .003 

Vaesite 122.838 4 cubic 183.96 27.697 .66203 4.4350 r 18, 144 

NiS2 ± .05 ± .007 ± .00022 ± .0012 153 

216.63 4 cubic 211.75 31.882 .76204 6.7948 20 111 

NiSe2 ± .11 ± .016 ± .00043 ± .0034 

Melonite 313.910 1 hex. 68.81 41.44 .9905 7.575 84 269 

Vl NiTe2 ± .38 ± .23 ± .0055 ± .042 

0 Sperry lite 344.933 4 cubic 212.56 32.00 .7650 10.778 r 105,270 

PtAs2 ± .53 ± .08 ± .0020 ± .027 

Laurite 165.198 4 cubic 175.6 26.44 .6320 6.248 r 9, 17 

RuS2 ± 1.9 ± .28 ± .0068 ± .067 62, 183 

Tungstenite 247.978 2 hex. 106.50 32.069 .76652 7.7325 26 261 

ws2 ± .08 ± .023 ± .00059 ± .0055 

Co-Skutterudite 279.952 8 cubic 552.58 41.599 .99428 6.7298 r 210 

CoAs3-x CoAs2.9s ± .20 ± .015 ± .00041 ± .0025 

Fe-Skutterudite 276.866 8 cubic 547.62 41.226 .98537 6.7158 r 210 

FeAs3-x FeAs2.9s ± .20 ± .015 ± .00041 ± .0025 

N i-Skutterudite 279.729 8 cubic 578.01 43.513 1.0400 6.4286 r 210 

NiAs3-x NiAs2.9s ± .21 ± .016 ± .0004 ± .0023 

Tennantite 1478.998 2 cubic 1058.09 318.62 7.1652 4.642 r 229 

Cu12As4S1a ± 1.25 ± .38 ± .0090 ± .006 

Tetrahedrite 1666.312 2 cubic 1101.3 331.64 7.9266 5.024 r 229,292 

Cu12Sb4S1a ± 1.3 ± .39 ± .0094 ± .006 
Enargite 393.798 2 orth. 293.03 88.24 2.109 4.463 26 229 

Cu3AsS4 ± .38 ± .12 ± .003 ± .006 

Luzonite 393.798 2 tet. 292.04 87.94 2.1019 4.478 26 229, 96 

Cu3AsS4* ± .60 ± .18 ± .0043 ± .009 

Famatimite 440.626 2 tet. 312.19 94.01 2.2469 4.687 26 229, 96 

Cu3SbS4* ± .62 ± .19 ± .0045 ± .009 

Proustite 494.724 6 hex-R 880.89 88.420 2.1133 5.595 26 273 

Ag3AsS3 ± .21 ± .021 ± .0006 ± .001 

Pyrargyrite 541.552 6 hex-R 922.18 92.564 2.2124 5.8506 26 273 

Ag3SbS3 ± .40 ± .040 ± .0010 ± .0025 

Miargyrite 293.748 8 mon. 691.10 52.027 1.244 5.646 r 139 

AgSbS2* ± 1.14 ± .086 ± .002 ± .009 

Oxides and hydroxides 

Corundum 101.961 6 hex-R 254.78 25.575 .61128 3.9869 25 130, 53 

Ab03 ± .07 ± .007 ± .00022 ± .0011 176 Vl - Boehmite 59.988 4 orth. 129.75 19.535 .46695 3.071 26 256 

AIO(OH)* ± .17 ± .026 ± .00067 ± .004 

Diaspore 59.988 4 orth. 117.96 17.760 .4245 3.378 r 40,256 

AIO(OH)* ± .17 ± .026 ± .0007 ± .005 

Gibbsite 78.004 8 mon. 424.49 31.956 .7638 2.441 r 67 

Al(OH)3 ± .20 ± .015 ± .0004 ± .001 

Arsenolite 197.841 16 cubic 1358.0 51.118 1.2218 3.870 25 254, 11 

As203 ± 1.8 ± .069 ± .0017 ± .005 

C1audetite 197.841 4 mon. 313.88 47.259 1.1296 4.1863 25 266 

As203 ± .19 ± .028 ± .0007 ± .0025 

Bromellite 25.012 2 hex. 27.592 8.3086 .19862 3.0104 26 16,254 

BeO ± .011 ± .0032 ± .00012 ± .0012 

Bismite 465.958 8 mon. 660.53 49.73 1.1885 9.371 25 266 

a-Bi203 ± .77 ± .06 ± .0014 ± .Oll 

Lime 56.079 4 cubic 111.34 16.764 .40071 3.3453 26 25,254 

CaO ± .03 ± .005 ± .00017 ± .0010 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system w-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams em -a oc Ref. 

Oxides and hydroxides-Continued 

Portlandite 74.095 I hex. 54.888 33.056 .79011 2.2415 26 25,254 Ca(OH)2 ± .027 ± .016 ± .00043 ± .0011 

Monteponite 128.399 4 cubic 103.51 15.585 .37254 8.2386 27 255 

CdO ± .07 ± .010 ± .00028 ± .0053 

Cerianite 172.119 4 cubic 158.43 23.853 .57016 7.216 26 254 

Ce02 ± .18 ± .026 ± .00068 ± .008 

74.933 4 cubic 77.31 11.64 .2782 6.438 26 262 

CoO ± .11 ± .02 ± .0004 ± .009 

Eskolaite 151.990 6 hex-R 289.82 29.090 .6953 5.225 r 176,258 

Vl Cr20a ± .32 ± .032 ± .0008 ± .006 

N Tenorite 79.539 4 mon. 81.16 12.22 .2921 6.509 26 254 

CuO ± .17 ± .03 ± .0007 ± .014 

Cuprite 143.079 2 cubic -77.833 23.437 .56021 6.1047 26 255 

Cu20 ± .055 ± .016 ± .00044 ± .0043 

Wustite 69.221 4 cubic 79.996 12.044 .28791 5.7471 17 285 

Fe.9&a0 ± .017 ± .003 ± .00011 ± .0012 

Hematite 159.692 6 hex-R 301.61 30.274 .72361 5.2749 25 112,284 

Fe20a ± .12 ± .012 ± .00034 ± .0021 

Magnetite 231.539 8 cubic 591.43 44.524 1.0642 5.2003 22 1, 272 

Fea04 ± .11 ± .008 ± .0002 ± .0009 

Goethite 88.854 4 orth. 138.2 20.82 .4975 4.269 r 192 

a-FeO(OH)* ± .2 ± .04 ± .0009 ± .008 

Lepidocrocite 88.854 4 orth. 148.54 22.364 .5346 3.973 r 192 

'Y-FeO(OH)* ± .43 ± .064 ± .0016 ± .011 

187.438 6 hex-R 288.34 28.943 .69179 6.4762 24 257 

a-Ga20a ± .13 ± .013 ± .00036 ± .0030 
Low-germania 104.589 2 tet. 55.327 16.660 .39824 6.2777 25 261, 12 

Ge02 ± .032 ± .010 ± .00027 ± .0036 

High-germania 104.589 3 hex. 121.73 24.438 .58413 4.2797 26 254,243 

Ge02 ± .11 ± .021 ± .00056 ± .0038 

Ice 18.015 4 hex. 130.41 19.635 .46932 .9175 0 147 

H20 ± .06 ± .009 ± .00026 ± .0004 

Hafnia 210.489 4 mon. 138.30 20.823 .49772 10.108 r 3 

Hf02 ± .06 ± .008 ± .00025 ± .004 

Montroydite 216.589 4 orth. 128.3 19.32 .4618 11.21 25 262 

HgO ± .1 ± .02 ± .0006 ±.01 

Periclase 40.311 4 cubic 74.709 11.248 .26889 3.5837 25 227,254 MgO ± .027 ± .004 ± .00014 ± .0013 

Brucite 58.327 1 hex. 40.90 24.63 .5888 2.368 26 259 

Mg(OHh ± .11 ± .07 ±.0016 ± .006 

Manganosite 70.937 4 cubic 87.813 13.221 .31604 5.3653 26 258, 101 

MnO ± .030 ± .004 ± .00015 ± .0018 VI 

UJ Pyrolusite 86.937 2 tet. 55.16 16.61 .3971 5.234 r 286, 67 

Mn02 ± .08 ± .02 ± .0007 ± .008 

Bixbyite 157.874 16 cubic 833.5 31.37 .7499 5.032 25 262 

Mn203 ± 1.3 ± .05 ± .0012 ± .008 

Hausmanite 228.812 8 tet. 623.68 46.95 1.1222 4.873 20 277 

Mna04 ± .84 ± .06 ± .0016 ± .007 

Molybdite 143.938 4 orth. 202.98 30.56 .7305 4.710 26 256 

MoO a ± .25 ± .04 ± .0010 ± .006 

Bunsenite 74.709 4 cubic 72.88 10.97 .2623 6.809 26 254 

NiO ± .10 ± .02 ± .0004 ± .010 

Litharge 223.189 2 tet. 79.40 23.91 .5715 9.334 27 255 

PbO red ± .17 ± .05 ± .0013 ± .020 

Massicot 223.189 4 orth. 153.8 23.15 .5533 9.641 27 255 

PbO yellow ± .2 ± .03 ± .0007 ± .012 

Minium 685.568 4 tet. 510.13 76.81 1.836 8.926 25 261 

Pba04 ± .62 ± .09 ± .002 ± .009 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula- grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Oxides and hydroxides-Continued 

Senarmontite 291.498 16 cubic 1386.9 52.206 1.2478 5.5837 26 256 

Sb20a ± 1.1 ± .042 ± .OOll ± .0045 

Valentinite 291.498 4 orth. 332.13 50.007 1.1952 5.8292 25 263 

Sb20a ± .31 ± .047 ± .0012 ± .0054 

Cervantite 307.498 8 cubic 1094.3 82.38 1.9690 3.733 26 263 

Sb204 ± 1.6 ± .12 ± .0029 ± .005 

Selenolite 110.959 8 tet. 354.2 26.66 .6373 4.161 26 254 

Se02 ± 1.1 ± .08 ±.0020 ± .013 

a-Quartz 60.085 3 hex. 113.01 22.688 .54229 2.6483 25 90, 53 

Si02* ± .01 ± .001 ± .00007 ± .0001 242 VI 

..j::::.. 13-Quartz 60.085 3 hex. 118.15 23.718 .5669 2.533 575 90, 131 

Si02* ± .06 ± .013 ± .0004 ± .002 

a-Cristobalite 60.085 4 tet. 170.95 25.739 .61521 2.3344 25 263, 65 

Si02 ± .22 ± .033 ± .00083 ± .0030 

13-Cristobalite 60.085 8 cubic 363.72 27.381 .65447 2.1944 405 245 

Si02 ± .15 ± .012 ± .00032 ± .0009 

Keatite 60.085 12 tet. 478.3 24.01 .5738 2.503 r 225, 89 

Si02 ± .5 ± .02 ± .0006 ± .003 

13-Tridymite 60.085 4 hex. 182.08 27.414 .65527 2.1917 405 245 

Si02 ± .16 ± .024 ± .00062 ± .0019 

Coesite 60.085 16 mon. 548.37 20.641 .49338 2.9110 25 230,300 

Si02* ± .95 ± .036 ± .00090 ± .0050 

Stishovite 60.085 2 tet. 46.540 14.014 .33500 4.2874 r 44 

Si02* ± .028 ± .009 ± .00025 ± .0026 

Melanophlogite 60.085 46 cubic 2407.2 31.516 .75325 1.9065 r 232, 136 

Si02* ± 2.2 ± .028 ± .00072 ± .0017 
Cassiterite 150.689 2 tet. 71.57 21.55 .5151 6.992 26 254 

Sn02 ± .11 ± .03 ± .0009 ± .011 

Tellurite 159.599 8 orth. 368.61 27.750 .66328 5.7514 25 262, 20 

Te02* ± .32 ± .024 ± .00062 ± .0050 

Paratellurite 159.599 4 tet. 176.14 26.52 .6339 6.018 25 263 

Te02 ± .15 ± .02 ± .0006 ± .005 

Thorianite 264.037 4 cubic 175.16 26.373 .63038 10.012 25 227,254 

Th02 ± .05 ± .007 ± .00021 ± .003 

Rutile 79.899 2 tet. 62.500 18.820 .44986 4.2453 25 252, 55 

Ti02 ± .025 ± .008 ± .00023 ± .0017 254 

Anatase 79.899 4 tet. 136.30 20.522 .4905 3.893 r 55,254 

Ti02 ± .17 ± .025 ± .0007 ± .005 

Brookite 79.899 8 orth. 257.6 19.40 .4636 4.119 r 266 

Ti02* ± .2 ± .02 ± .0005 ± .004 

Titanium sesquioxide 143.798 6 hex-R 313.2 31.44 .7515 4.574 r 176 

Vl Ti20a ± .3 ± ·.03 ± .0009 ± .005 

Vl Uraninite 270.029 4 cubic 163.51 24.618 .58843 10.969 26 255 

uo2 ± .09 ± .014 ± .00037 ± .006 

Karelianite 149.882 6 hex-R 297.36 29.848 .71342 5.0216 r 176 

V20a ± .32 ± .032 ± .00081 ± .0054 

Zincite 81.369 2 hex. 47.615 14.338 .34273 5.6750 25 120 

ZnO ± .015 ± .005 ± .00016 ± .0018 

Baddeleyite 123.219 4 mon. 140.46 21.148 .50548 5.8267 r 3,241 

Zr02 ± .06 ± .009 ± .00025 ± .0023 

Multiple oxides 

Spinel 142.273 8 cubic 527.5 39.71 .9492 3.583 26 255 

MgAb04 ± .4 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .003 

Hercynite 173.808 8 cubic 541.3 40.75 .9740 4.265 25 275 

FeAb04 ± .6 ± .05 ± .0011 ± .005 

Galaxite 172.899 8 cubic 563.2 42.39 1.013 4.078 25 262 

MnAb04 ± .4 ± .03 ± .001 ± .003 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Multiple oxides-Continued 

Gahnite 183.331 8 cubic 528.45 39.783 .95088 4.6083 26 255 

ZnAb04 ± .39 ± .030 ± .00075 ± .0034 

Magnetite 231.539 8 cubic 591.43 44.524 1.0642 5.2003 22 272 

FeFe204 ± .11 ± .008 ± .0002 ± .0009 

Jacobsite 230.630 8 cubic 613.9 46.22 1.105 4.990 25 262 

MnFe204 ± .4 ± .03 ± .001 ± .004 

Trevorite 234.402 8 cubic 579.9 43.65 1.043 5.370 25 263 

NiFe204 ± .6 ± .05 ± .001 ± .006 

Picrochromite 192.302 8 cubic 578.6 43.56 1.041 4.415 26 262 

VI MgCr204 ± .6 ± .05 ± .001 ±.005 

0\ Ilmenite 151.745 6 hex-R 315.73 31.69 .7574 4.788 r 186 

FeTiOa ± .75 ± .08 ± .0019 ± .012 

Geikie1ite 120.210 6 hex-R 307.44 30.86 .7376 3.896 26 258 

MgTiOa ± .65 ± .07 ±.0016 ± .008 

Pyrophanite 150.836 6 hex-R 326.3 32.76 .7829 4.605 r 214 

MnTiOa ± .7 ± .07 ± .0017 ± .010 

Cobalt Titanate 154.831 6 hex-R 309.34 31.05 .7422 4.986 r 177 

CoTiOa ± .17 ± .02 ± .0004 ±.003 

Perovskite 135.978 4 orth. 223.33 33.626 .80371 4.0439 r 137 

CaTiOa ± .07 ± .010 ± .00028 ± .0012 

Chrysobery1 126.973 4 orth. 227.94 34.320 .82031 3.6997 25 262, 80 

BeAb04 ± .15 ± .023 ± .00059 ± .0025 

Halides 

Halite 58.443 4 cubic 179.43 27.015 .64571 2.1634 26 255 

NaCl ± .02 ± .003 ± .00011 ± .0002 
Sylvite 74.555 4 cubic 249.23 37.524 .89690 1.9868 25 254, 126 

KCl ± .02 ± .004 ± .00013 ± .0002 

Villiaumite 41.988 4 cubic 99.523 14.984 .35818 2.8021 25 254 

NaF ± .032 ± .005 ±.00016 ± .0009 

Ch lorargyrite 143.323 4 cubic 170.87 25.727 .61493 5.5710 26 257 

AgCl ± .05 ± .007 ± .00021 ± .0015 

Bromargyrite 187.779 4 cubic 192.55 28.991 .69294 6.4772 26 257 

AgBr ± .05 ± .008 ± .00022 ± .0017 

Nantockite 98.993 4 cubic 158.87 23.92 .5717 4.139 25 257 

CuCl ± .26 ± .04 ± .0010 ± .007 

Marshite 190.444 4 cubic 221.52 33.353 .7972 5.710 26 257 

Cui ± .11 ± .017 ± .0004 ± .003 

Miersite 234.774 4 cubic 274.16 41.278 .9866 5.688 r 279 

Agl ± .10 ± .020 ± .0004 ± .003 

Iodargyrite 234.774 2 hex. 137.18 41.308 .9873 5.683 25 279,261 

Agl ± .10 ± .030 ± .0009 ± .004 

Calomel 236.043 4 tet. 218.77 32.939 .7873 7.166 26 254 

Vl HgCl ± .50 ± .075 ± .0018 ± .016 

-.l Fluorite 78.077 4 cubic 163.11 24.558 .58701 3.1792 25 10,254 

CaF2 ± .04 ± .005 ± .00017 ± .0007 5 

Sellaite 62.309 2 tet. 65.13 19.61 .4688 3.177 18 70,257 

MgFz ± .04 ± .01 ±.0003 ± .002 

Chloromagnesite 95.218 3 hex-R 203.29 40.81 .9754 2.333 r 83 

MgCiz ± .48 ± .10 ± .0024 ± .006 

La wren cite 126.753 3 hex-R 196.55 39.46 .9431 3.212 r 83 

FeCiz ± 1.06 ± .21 ± .0051 ± .017 

Scacc}lite 125.844 3 hex-R 209.79 42.11 1.007 2.988 r 83 

MnCiz ± .86 ± .17 ± .004 ± .012 

Cotunnite 278.096 4 orth. 312.74 47.09 1.1254 5.906 26 255 

PbClz ± .64 ± .10 ± .0023 ± .012 

Matlockite 361.641 2 tet. 121.89 36.70 .8773 9.853 26 254 

PbFCl ± .34 ± .10 ± .0025 ± .028 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Halides-Continued 

Cryolite 209.941 2 mon. 235.1 70.81 1.692 2.965 r 186 

NaaAlFs* ± .7 ± .20 ± .005 ± .009 

Neighborite 104.297 4 orth. 226.54 34.11 .8152 3.058 18 43 

NaMgFa ± .07 ± .01 ± .0003 ± .001 

Carbonates and nitrates 

Calcite 100.089 6 hex-R 367.96 36.934 .88278 2.7100 26 107, 15 

CaCOa ± .15 ± .015 ± .00041 ± .0011 46 

Otavite 172.409 6 hex-R 341.72 34.300 .81983 5.0265 26 107 Vl CdCOa ± .15 ± .015 ± .00041 ± .0022 

00 Cobalticalcite 118.943 6 hex-R 281.07 28.213 .67435 4.2159 26 107 

CoCOa ± .13 ± .013 ± .00036 ± .0020 

Siderite 115.856 6 hex-R 292.68 29.378 .70219 3.9436 26 107 FeCOa ± .14 ± .014 ± .00037 ± .0018 

Magnesite 84.321 6 hex-R 279.13 28.018 .66969 3.0095 26 107,260 MgCOa ± .13 ± .013 ± .00036 ± .0014 

Rhodochrosite 114.947 6 hex-R 309.57 31.073 .74272 3.6992 26 107,260 MnCOa ± .14 ± .014 ± .00039 ± .0017 

Nickelous Carbonate 118.719 6 hex-R 269.51 27.052 .64660 4.3886 26 107 NiCOa ± .12 ± .012 ± .00034 ± .0020 

Smithsonite 125.379 6 hex-R 281.69 28.275 .67583 4.4343 26 107,261 ZnCOa ± .13 ± .013 ± .00037 ± .0021 

Dolomite 184.411 3 hex-R 320.50 64.341 1.5378 2.8661 26 107 CaMg(COa)2* ± .15 ± .029 ± .0008 ± .0013 

Huntite 353.053 3 hex-R 610.63 122.58 2.9299 2.880 26 107 

MgaCa( C0a)4 * ± .50 ± .10 ± .0024 ± .002 
Norsethite 281.671 3 hex-R 365.6 73.39 1.754 3.838 r 168 

BaMg(COah* ± .8 ± .17 ±.004 ± .009 

Vaterite 100.089 6 hex. 375.80 37.72 .9016 2.653 r 157, 150 

CaC03 ± .61 ± .06 ± .0015 ± .004 

Witherite 197.349 4 orth. 304.24 45.81 1.095 4.308 26 255 

BaCOa ± .41 ± .06 ± .002 ± .006 

Aragonite 100.089 4 orth. 226.85 34.15 .8164 2.930 26 256 

CaC03 ± .33 ± .05 ± .0012 ± .004 

Cerussite 267.199 4 orth. 269.61 40.59 .9702 6.582 26 255 

PbC03 ± .38 ± .06 ± .0014 ± .009 

Strontianite 147.629 4 orth. 259.07 39.01 .9323 3.785 26 256,230 

SrCOa ± .37 ± .06 ± .0014 ± .005 

Shortite 306.168 2 orth. 389.6 117.3 2.804 2.610 r 169 

NazCaz(C03h ± 1.0 ± .3 ± .007 ± .007 

Malachite 221.104 4 mon. 364.35 54.86 1.311 4.030 25 263 

V'l Cu2(0H)2COa ± .54 ± .08 ± .002 ± .006 

\0 Azurite 344.653 2 mon. 302.22 91.01 2.1752 3.787 25 263 

Cua(OHMC03)z ± .43 ± .13 ± 0031 ± .005 

Niter 101.107 4 orth. 319.07 48.04 1.148 2.105 26 256 

KNOa ± .42 ± .06 ± .002 ± .003 

Soda Niter 84.995 6 hex-R 374.57 37.598 .89866 2.2606 25 259 

NaNOa ± .19 ± .019 ± .00049 ± .0011 

Gerhardite 240.107 4 orth. 469.21 70.65 1.689 3.399 r 184 

Cu2(N0a)(OH)a ± .53 ± .08 ± .002 ± .004 

Sulfates and borates 

Barite 233.402 4 orth. 346.05 52.10 1.245 4.480 26 256 

BaS04 ± .40 ± .06 ± .002 ± .005 

Anhydrite 136.142 4 orth. 305.09 45.94 1.098 2.964 26 257, 45 

CaS04 ± .39 ± .06 ± .002 ± .004 

Anglesite 303.252 4 orth. 318.50 47.95 ·1.146 6.324 25 256 

PbS04 ± .38 ± .06 ± .002 ± .008 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Sulfates and borates-Continued 

Celestite 183.682 4 orth. 307.17 46.25 1.105 3.972 26 97,255 Srso. ± .41 ± .06 ± .002 ± .005 

Zinkosite 161.432 4 orth.· 276.10 41.57 .9936 3.883 25 260 znso. ± .46 ± .07 ± .0017 ±.006 

Arcanite 174.266 4 orth. 435.03 65.50 1.566 2.661 25 256 

KzSO. ± .49 ± .07 ± .002 ±.003 

Mascagnite 132.139 4 orth. 496.04 74.68 1.7851 1.7693 25 262 

(NH.)zSO. ± .57 ± .09 ± .0021 ± .0020 

Thenardite 142.041 8 orth. 708.47 53.33 1.275 2.663 25 255 

0\ 

NazSO. ± .76 ± .06 ±.002 ±.003 

0 Gypsum 172.172 4 mon. 496.1 74.69 1.785 2.305 r 186 

CaS0 •. 2Hz0* ± 1.5 ± .22 ± .005 ± .007 

Epsomite 246.481 4 orth. 975.22 146.83 3.5094 1.679 25 260 

MgS0 •. 7HzO ± 1.53 ± .23 ± .0055 ± .003 

Goslarite 287.539 4 orth. 968.29 145.79 3.4845 1.9723 25 261 

ZnS0 •. 7HzO ± .72 ± .11 ± .0026 ± .0015 

Mirabilite 322.195 4 mon. 1459.9 219.8 5.253 1.466 24 215 

NazSO..IOHzO ± 2.6 ± .4 ± .009 ± .003 

Chalcanthite 249.678 2 tri. 361.88 108.97 2.6045 2.2912 r 85 cuso •. SHzO ± .72 ± .22 ± .0052 ± .0046 

Brochantite 452.266 4 mon. 754.3 113.6 2.715 3.982 r 67 

Cu.SO.(OH)e* ± 1.8 ± .2 ± .006 ± .009 

Syngenite 328.423 2 mon. 424.27 127.76 3.0535 2.5707 r 7 

KzCa(S04)2.HzO ± .68 ± .20 ± .0049 ±.0041 

Alunite 414.214 3 hex-R 731.2 146.8 3.508 2.822 r 22, 188 

KAla(SO.MOH)e ± 1.1 ± .2 ±.005 ±.004 281 
Natroaluoite 398.102 3 hex-R 702.99 141.1 3.373 2.821 r 188 

NaAb(S04h(OH)s ± 1.09 ± .2 ± .005 ± .004 

Hexahydrite 228.466 8 moo. 1761.2 132.58 3.1689 1.7232 r 298 

MgS04.6H20 ± 1.6 ± .12 ± .0029 ± .0015 

Leoohardtite 192.435 4 moo. 636.78 95.88 2.2915 2.0071 r 13 

MgS04AH20 ± .78 ± .12 ± .0029 ± .0025 

Melaoterite 278.016 4 moo. 973.29 146.54 3.5025 1.8972 r 14 

FeS04.1H20 ± 1.69 ± .25 ± .0061 ± .0033 

Vaothoffite 546.497 2 moo. 678.96 204.45 4.8866 2.6730 r 86 

MgSOdN a2S04 ± .65 ± .20 ± .0047 ± .0025 

Dolerophaoite 239.141 4 moo. 380.77 57.33 1.3703 4.171 r 87 

Cu20(S04) ± .70 ± .11 ± .0026 ± .008 

Retgersite 262.864 4 tet. 840.80 126.59 3.0257 2.076 25 260 

NiS04.6H20 ± 1.09 ± .16 ± .0040 ± .003 

Co1emaoite 205.548 4 moo. 564.26 84.957 2.0306 2.4194 r 47 

CaBa04(0H)a.H20* ± .49 ± .073 ± .0018 ± .0021 

0\ 

........ Borax 381.373 4 moo . 1478.8 222.66 5.3217 1.7128 r 163 

Na2B401.10H20 ± l.l ± .17 ± .0041 ± .0013 

Kernite 273.281 4 moo. 953.40 143.55 3.4309 1.9038 r 213 

Na2B401.4H20 ± 1.61 ± .24 ± .0058 ± .0032 

Hambergite 93.841 8 orth. 526.79 39.658 .9479 2.3663 r 297 

Be2BOa.(OH,F)* ± .14 ± .011 ± .0003 ± .0006 

Phosphates, molybdates, and tungstates 

Berlioite 121.953 3 hex. 232.03 46.58 1.113 2.618 25 263 

AIP04 ± .50 ± .10 ± .002 ± .006 

Xeootime 183.876 4 tet. 283.57 42.69 1.020 4.307 26 261, 142 

YP04 ± .48 ± .07 ± .002 ± .008 

Hydroxylapatite 502.322 2 hex. 528.7 159.2 3.805 3.155 r 158,204 

Cas(P04)a0H ± .5 ± .2 ± .004 ± .004 

Fluorapatite 504.313 2 hex. 523.25 157.56 3.7659 3.2007 25 266 

Cas(P04)aF ± .41 ± .12 ± .0030 ± .0025 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. N arne and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Phosphates-Continued 

Chlorapatite 520.767 2 hex. 544.16 163.86 3.916 3.178 r 67 Cas(P04)aCl ± .61 ± .19 ±.004 ± .004 

Carbonate-apatite 1048.653 l hex. 530.74 319.6 7.640 3.281 r 239 Ca10(P04)sCOaH20 ± 1.36 ± .8 ± .020 ± .008 

Turquois 813.435 l tri. 461.40 277.9 6.6416 2.927 r 48 CuAls(P04)4(0H)s.4H20* ± l.l2 ± .7 ± .0162 ± .007 

Powellite 200.018 4 tet. 312.17 47.00 l.l234 4.256 25 259 CaMo04 ± .63 ± .09 ± .0023 ± .009 

Wulfenite 367.128 4 tet. 357.72 53.859 1.2873 6.816 25 260 

0'\ PbMo04 ± .69 ± .104 ± .0025 ± .013 

N Scheelite 287.928 4 tet. 312.49 47.049 l.l245 6.120 25 259 CaW04 ± .61 ± '.092 ± .0023 ± .012 

Stolzite 455.038 4 tet. 359.32 54.100 1.2931 8.4110 25 260 PbW04 ± .42 ± .064 ± .0016 ± .0099 

Ferberite 303.695 2 mon. 134.11 40.38 .9652 7.520 r 222 FeW04 ± .17 ± .05 ± .0013 ± .010 

Huebnerite 302.768 2 mon. 139.11 41.89 1.001 7.228 r 222,265 MnW04 ± .20 ± .06 ± .002 ± .010 

Wolframite 303.240 2 mon. 136.53 41.11 .9826 7.376 r 222 Fe.sMn.sW04 ± .18 ± .06 ± .0014 ± .010 

Sanmartinite 313.218 2 mon. 132.14 39.79 .9511 7.872 25 265 ZnW04 ± .14 ± .04 ± .0010 ±.008 

Ortho and ring structure silicates 

Forsterite 140.708 4 orth. 290.81 43.786 1.0465 3.2136 25 230, 118 Mg2Si04 ± .18 ± .027 ±.0007 ± .0020 
Fayalite 203.778 4 orth. 308.11 46.389 1.1088 4.3928 r 295 

Fe2Si04 ± .62 ± .093 ± .0023 ± .0088 

Tephroite 201.960 4 orth. 322.87 48.612 1.1619 4.1545 r 125 

Mn2Si04* ± .45 ± .067 ± .0017 ± .0058 

Lime Olivine 172.244 4 orth. 392.61 59.11 1.4129 2.914 r 240 

yCazSi04 ± 1.19 ± .18 ± .0043 ± .009 

Nickel 0 livine 209.504 4 orth. 282.98 42.61 1.0184 4.917 r 179,203 

Ni2Si04 ± .21 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .004 

Cobalt Olivine 209.950 4 orth. 295.70 44.52 1.0642 4.716 r 181,203 

Co2Si04 ± .21 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .003 

Monticellite 156.476 4 orth. 341.13 51.362 1.2276 3.046 r 219 

CaMgSi04 ± .47 ± .071 ± .0017 ± .004 

Kerschsteinite 188.011 4 orth. 350.39 52.756 1.2609 3.564 r 219 

CaFeSi04 ± .67 ± .101 ± .0025 ± .007 

Knebelite 202.869 4 orth. 317.11 47.74 1.1412 4.249 r 57 

MnFeSi04* ± .88 ± .13 ± .0032 ± .012 

0\ Glauchroite 187.102 4 orth. 361.2 54.38 1.2997 3.441 r 42 w CaMnSi04 ± .9 ± .14 ± .0032 ± .009 

Fluor--Norbergite 203.016 4 orth. 422.09 63.551 1.5190 3.194 25 263 

Mg2Si04.1".1gF 2 ± .51 ± .077 ± .0019 ± .004 

Chondrodite 343.724 2 mon. 364.0 109.6 2.620 3.136 r 218, 57 

2Mg2Si04.MgF2* ± 2.4 ± .7 ± .017 ± .021 

Fluor-Humite 484.432 4 orth. 1004.9 151.31 3.6163 3.2017 25 264,218 

3Mg2Si04.MgF2 ± 1.2 ± .18 ± .0042 ± .0037 

Clinohumite 625.139 2 mon. 655.5 197.4 4.717 3.167 r 218, 57 

4Mg2Si04.MgF2* ± 3.8 ±1.1 ± .027 ± .018 

Grossularite 450.454 8 cubic 1664.43 125.30 2.9948 3.595 25 226, 2 

Ca3Al2Si3012 ± .42 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .001 

Uvarovite 500.483 8 cubic 1727.57 130.05 3.1084 3.848 26 263 

Ca3Cr2Sb012 ± .86 ± .07 ± .0016 ± .002 

Andradite 508.185 8 cubic 1748.82 131.65 3.1466 3.860 25 226 

Ca3Fe2Si3012 ± .44 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .001 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams em -a oc Ref. 

Ortho and ring structure silicates-Continued 

Goldmanite 498.375 8 cubic 1758.42 132.38 3.1639 3.765 r 253 

Caa V 2Sia012 ± 2.19 ± .16 ±.0040 ± .005 

Almandite 497.755 8 cubic 1531.21 115.27 2.7551 4.318 25 226 

FeaAbSia012 ± .40 ± .04 ± .0008 ± .001 

Pyrope 403.150 8 cubic 1504.67 113.27 2.7074 3.559 25 226, 100 

MgaAbSia012 ± .39 ± .03 ± .0008 ±.001 

Spessartite 495.028 8 cubic 1569.39 118.15 2.8238 4.190 25 226 

MnaAl2Sia012 ± .41 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .001 

Zircon 183.304 4 tet. 260.76 39.261 .9384 4.669 25 257, 146 

ZrSi04* ± .45 ± .068 ± .0017 ± .008 

0\ Thorite 324.122 4 tet. 322.82 48.60 1.1617 6.668 r 95 +;:.. ThSiO. ± .39 ± .06 ± .0015 ± .008 

Coffinite 330.114 4 tet. 306.45 46.140 1.103 7.155 r 95 

USi04 ± .43 ± .064 ± .002 ± .010 

Kyanite 162.046 4 tri. 292.83 44.09 1.054 3.675 25 236, 34 

A12Si0s* ± .45 ± .07 ± .002 ±.006 

Andalusite 162.046 4 orth. 342.25 51.530 1.2316 3.145 25 236, 38 

AbSiOs* ± .27 ± .040 ± .0010 ±.002 

Sillimanite 162.046 4 orth. 331.42 49.899 1.1927 3.248 25 236, 35 

AbSiOs* ± .30 ± .044 ± .0011 ± .003 

3.2 Mullite 426.053 3/4 orth. 167.56 134.55 3.2159 3.166 r 4 3Al20a.2Si02 ± .09 ± .07 ±.0016 ±.002 

2.1 Mullite 264.007 6/5 orth. 168.35 84.492 2.0195 3.125 r 4, 36 2Ab0a.Si02 ± .09 ± .043 ± .0011 ±.002 216 

Sta~rolite 852.873 2 moo. 740.5 223.0 5.330 3.825 r 57 Fe2AlsSi4022(0H)2* ± 17.5 ± 5.3 ± .126 ± .090 
Topaz 184.043 4 orth. 343.10 51.66 1.2347 3.563 26 264, 146 AI2(Si04)(0H)* ± .41 ± .06 ± .0015 ± .005 

Phenacite 110.108 18 hex-R 1111.6 37.194 .8890 2.960 25 261 

Be2Si04* ± l.l ± .037 ± .0009 ± .003 

Willemite 222.824 18 hex-R 1566.6 52.42 1.253 4.251 25 260 

Zn2Si04 ± 2.3 ± .08 ± .002 ± .006 

Dioptase 156.632 18 hex-R 1441.9 48.24 l.l53 3.247 r 119 

CuH2Si04* ± 4.4 ± .15 ± .004 ± .010 

Larnite 172.244 4 mon. 342.7 51.60 1.233 3.338 r 161 

{:l-Ca2Si04* ± 1.8 ± .27 ± .006 ± .017 

Akermanite 272.640 2 tet. 308.22 92.812 2.2183 2.9375 r 6, 174 

Ca2MgSi201 ± .30 ± .090 ± .0022 ± .0029 182, 77 

Gehlenite 274.205 2 tet. 299.67 90.239 2.1568 3.0387 r 6, 174 

CazAl2Si01 ± .29 ± .088 ± .0022 ± .0030 182, 77 

Fe-Gehlenite 331.936 2 tet. 276.01 83.12 1.9865 3.994 r 182 

Ca2Fe2Si01 ± .79 ± .24 ± .0057 ± .Oll 

0\ Hardystonite 313.698 2 tet. 310.3 93.44 2.233 3.357 r 67 Vl Ca2ZnSi201* ± 2.7 ± .80 ± .019 ± .029 

Sodium Melilite 258.219 2 tet. 348.35 104.90 2.507 2.462 r 182 

NaCaAlSi201 ± .46 ± .14 ± .003 ± .003 

Beryl 537.505 2 hex. 675.98 203.55 4.8651 2.641 25 262 

BeaAh(SisOis)* ± .82 ± .25 ± .0060 ± .003 

Indialite high Cordierite 584.969 2 hex. 773.02 232.78 5.5636 2.513 25 223,264 

Mg2Ala(AlSis01s) ± .54 ± .16 ± .0039 ± .002 

Low Cordierite 584.969 4 orth. 1548.96 233.22 5.5741 2.508 25 264,223 

Mg2Ala(AlSis01s) ± .88 ± .13 ± .0032 ± .001 73, 99 

Fe-Indialite 648.039 2 hex. 781.75 235.40 5.6264 2.753 r 162, 57 

F e2Ala(AlSis01s) ± 1.80 ± .54 ± .0130 ± .006 

Fe-Cordierite 648.039 4 orth. 1541.40 232.08 5.5468 2.792 r 73 

F e2Ala(AlSis01s) ± 2.47 ± .37 ± .0089 ± .005 

Mn-Indialite 646.221 2 hex. 793.11 238.8 5.708 2.706 r 73 

M n2Ala(AISis01s) ± .81 ± .5 ± .013 ± .006 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams em -a oc Ref. 

Ortho and ring structure silicates-Continued 

Sapphirine 344.630 8 mon. 1321.7 99.50 2.378 3.464 r 57 

Mg2Al40sSi04* ± 9.7 ± .73 ± .017 ± .025 

Elbaite 1000.198 3 hex-R 1523.4 305.82 7.3093 3.271 r 74, 32 

N aLiAh.s1BaSisOdO H)4* ± 2.9 ± .58 ± .0140 ± .006 

Schor! 1053.382 3 hex-R 1591 ~3 319.45 7.635 3.297 r 74 

NaFeaAlsBaSis027(0H)4* ± 3.0 ± .60 ± .014 ± .006 

Dravite 958.777 3 hex-R 1589.99 319.19 7.629 3.004 r 74,209 

NaMgaAlaBaSis027(0H)4 ± 2.97 ± .60 ± .014 ± .006 32 

Uvite 973.198 3 hex-R 1566.3 314.4 7.515 3.095 r 209 

0\ CaMg4AlsBaSis021( 0 H)4 ± 2.9 ± .6 ± .014 ± .006 

0\ Sphene 196.063 4 mon. 369.61 55.65 1.330 3.523 r 67 

CaTiSi05* ± 1.13 ± .17 ± .004 ±.011 

Dato1ite 159.982 4 mon. 353.9 53.28 1.273 3.003 r 127 

CaBSi04(0H)* ± 2.3 ± .35 ± .008 ± .020 

Euclase 145.085 4 mon. 309.30 46.57 1.113 3.116 r 170 

AlBeSi04(0H)* ± .64 ± .10 ± .002 ± .007 

Chloritoid 251.908 8 mon. 924.6 69.61 1.664 3.619 r 116 

H2FeAbSi01* ± 2.2 ± .16 ± .004 ± .008 

Hemimorphite 481.678 2 orth. 459.36 138.32 3.306 3.482 25 255 

Zn4(0H)2Si207.H20* ± .57 ± .17 ± .004 ± .004 

Zoisite 454.363 4 orth. 906.74 136.52 3.263 3.328 r 202 

Ca2Ala(Si04)aOH ± 1.34 ± .20 ± .005 ± .005 

Clinozoisite 454.363 2 mon. 452.30 136.20 3.255 3.336 r 202 

Ca2Ala(Si04)aOH ± 1.45 ± .44 ± .010 ± .011 

Epidote 497.660 2 mon. 460.72 138.7 3.316 3.587 r 224 

Ca2All.5Fe1.5(Si04)aOH* ± 1.97 ± .6 ± .014 ± .015 
Piemontite 496.297 2 mon. 432.56 130.3 3.113 3.810 r 57 

Ca2Ah.sMn15(Si04hOH * ± 2.38 ± .7 ± .017 ± .021 

Lawsonite 314.241 4 orth. 672.96 101.32 2.4217 3.101 r 201, 185 

CaAbSi201( 0 H)2. H20 ± .80 ± .12 ± .0029 ± .004 

Chain and band structure silicates 

Enstatite 100.396 16 orth. 835.21 31.44 .7514 3.194 r 52,259 

MgSiOa* ± 1.32 ± .05 ± .0012 ± .005 122 

Clinoenstatite 100.396 8 mon. 418.10 31.47 .7523 3.190 r 164 

MgSi03 ± .66 ± .05 ± .0012 ± .005 

Protoenstatite 100.396 8 orth. 430.10 32.38 .7739 3.101 r 24 

MgSiOa ± 1.05 ± .08 ± .0019 ± .008 

High Clinoenstatite 100.396 8 tri. 433.72 32.65 .7804 3.075 200 

MgSi03 ± .40 ± .03 ± .0008 ± .003 

Clinoferrosilite 131.931 8 mon. 437.60 32.943 .7874 4.005 r 37 

FeSiO:l ± .15 ± .011 ± .0003 ± .002 

0\ 

-...) Orthoferrosilite 131.931 16 orth. 876.6 33.00 .7887 3.998 r 37,287 

FeSiOa ± .54 ± .02 ± .0008 ± .004 

Diopside 216.560 4 mon. 438.97 66.09 1.580 3.277 r 220, 49 

CaMg(Si03h ± .69 ± .10 ± .003 ± .005 

H eden bergite 248.095 4 mon. 453.64 68.30 1.632 3.632 r 145 

CaFe(SiOah* ± 1.28 ± .19 ± .005 ± .010 

Johannsenite 247.186 4 mon. 452.35 68.11 1.628 3.629 r 58 

CaMn(Si03h* ± 2.87 ± .43 ± .010 ± .023 

Ureyite 227.154 4 mon. 418.6 63.02 1.506 3.605 r 91 

NaCr(Si03h ± 1.1 ± .16 ± .004 ± .009 

Jadeite 202.140 4 mon. 401.15 60.40 1.444 3.347 r 205 

NaA1(Si03)2* ± .67 ± .10 ± .002 ± .006 

Acmite (Aegirine) 284.968 4 mon. 429.06 64.60 1.544 4.411 r 180 

NaFe(Si03h ± .70 ± .11 ± .003 ± .007 

Ca Tschermak Molecule 218.125 4 mon. 421.77 63.50 1.518 3.435 r 49 

CaAbSi06 ± .59 ± .09 ± .002 ± .005 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Chain and band structure silicates-Continued 

Spodumene 186.090 4 mon. 387.7 58.37 1.395 3.188 r 249, 58 

LiA1(Si0a)2 ± .1 ± .02 ±.001 ±.001 

,8-Spodumene 186.090 4 tet. 519.48 78.215 1.8694 2.379 r 238 

LiAl(SiOah ± .12 ± .018 d: .0005 ±.001 

Pectotite 332.410 2 tri. 383.84 115.58 2.763 2.876 r 33, 31 

Ca2NaH(Si0a)a* ± .99 ± .30 ± .007 ± .007 

Wollastonite 116.164 6 tri. 397.82 39.93 .9544 2.909 r 31, 190 

CaSiOa* ± 1.03 ± .10 ± .0025 ± .008 33 

Para wollastonite 116.164 12 mon. 793.98 39.85 .9524 2.915 r 271, 190 

CaSiOa* ± .47 ± .02 ± .0006 ± .002 

0\ Pseudowollastonite 116.164 24 tri. 1597.0 40.08 .9579 2.899 r 132 

00 CaSiOa* ± 5.6 ± .14 ± .0034 ± .010 

Rhodonite 131.022 10 tri. 583.77 35.158 .8403 3.727 r 196 

MnSiOa* ± .31 ± .019 ± .0005 ± .002 

Bustamite 247.186 6 tri. 740.38 74.32 1.776 3.326 r 197, 195 

CaMn(SiOa)2* ± 1.08 ± .11 ± .003 ±.005 

Pyroxmangite 262.953 7 tri. 800.77 68.90 1.647 3.817 r 151 

MnFe(SiOa)2* ± 4.29 ± .36 ±.009 ± .020 

Tremolite 812.410 2 mon. 906.34 272.92 6.523 2.977 r 248,301 

Ca2Mgs[Sis022](0H)2* ± 2.43 ± .73 ± .018 ± .008 58 

Fluor-tremolite 816.392 2 mon. 898.18 270.46 6.464 3.018 20 52, 58 

Ca2Mgs[Sis022]F2 ± 1.56 ± .47 ±.011 ±.005 

Ferrotremolite 970.085 2 mon. 938.24 282.53 6.753 3.434 r 76 

Ca2Fes[Sis022](0H)2 ± 2.92 ± .69 ± .017 ±.008 

Grunerite 1001.619 2 mon. 923.08 277.96 6.644 3.603 r 138,278 

Fe7(Sis022](0H)2 ± 1.63 ± .49 ± .012 ± .006 
Cummingtonite (hypo.) 780.874 2 mon. 878.97 264.68 6.326 2.950 r 278, 98 

Mg7[Sia022](0H)2 ± 1.58 ± .47 ±.011 ± .005 

Riebeckite 935.904 2 mon. 912.29 274.71 6.566 3.407 r 75 

Na2FesFe2[Sia022](0H)2 ± 2.89 ± .87 ± .021 ±.011 

M agnesioriebeckite 841.299 2 mon. 900.74 271.24 6.483 3.102 r 75 

N a2 M ga F e2 [Sia022]( 0 H h ± 2.37 ± .71 ± .017 ± .008 

Gaucophane I 783.568 2 mon. 898.04 270.42 6.463 2.898 r 75 

N a2MgaAh[Sia022](0Hh ± 2.35 ± .71 ± .017 ± .008 

Glaucophane II 783.568 2 mon. 876.79 264.02 6.310 2.968 r 75, 58 

Na2MgaAh[Sia022](0H)2 ± 2.17 ± .65 ± .016 ± .007 

Fluor-edenite 838.277 2 mon. 905.03 272.53 6.514 3.076 r 140, 58 

NaCa2Mgs[AlSh022]F2 ± 1.51 ± .46 ± .011 ± .005 

Fluor-richterite 822.291 2 mon. 900.47 271.15 6.481 3.033 r 140, 58 

N a2CaM gs [SiaOdF 2 ± 1.48 ± .45 ±.011 ± .005 

Anthophyllite 780.874 4 orth. 1756.3 264.4 6.320 2.953 r 108 

Mg7[Sia022](0Hh ± 7.0 ±1.1 ± .025 ± .012 

0'1 

\0 Framework structure silicates 

Microcline 278.337 4 tri. 722.06 108.72 2.5984 2.560 r 249, 84 

KAlSiaOa ± .67 ± .10 ± .0025 ± .002 280, 23 

High Sanidine 278.337 4 mon. 724.28 109.05 2.6064 2.552 r 249, 66 

KAlSiaOa ± .69 ± .10 ± .0025 ± .002 

Orthoclase 278.337 4 moo. 719.25 108.29 2.5883 2.570 r 134 

KAISiaOa* ± 1.02 ± .15 ± .0037 ±.004 

Fe-Sanidine 307.202 4 mon. 749.28 112.81 2.6964 2.723 r 291 

KFeSiaOa ± 2.24 ± .34 ± .0081 ± .008 

Fe-Microcline 307.202 4 tri. 748.09 112.63 2.692 2.727 r 291 

KFeSiaOa ± 1.92 ± .29 ± .007 ± .007 

Low Albite 262.224 4 tri. 664.65 100.07 2.3918 2.620 26 249, 82 

NaAlSiaOa ± .60 ± .09 ± .0022 ± .002 51,280 

High Albite (Analbite) 262.224 4 tri. 667.00 100.43 2.4003 2.611 r 249, 82 

NaAISiaOa ± .60 ± .09 ± .0022 ± .002 148,246 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. 

Name and formula grams z system 10-24 cma cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Framework structure silicates-Continued 

Anorthite 278.210 8 tri. 1338.9 100.79 2.4090 2.760 r 249, 51 

CaAbSi20s ± .6 ± .04 ± .0011 ±.001 159 

Synthetic 278.210 2 hex. 331.57 99.85 2.386 2.786 r 267 

CaAbSi20s ± 2.64 ± .79 ± .019 ± .022 

Synthetic 278.210 2 orth. 341.44 102.82 2.457 2.706 r 56 

CaAbSi20s ± 1.35 ± .41 ± .010 ± .011 

Celsian 375.500 8 moo. 1467.1 110.45 2.640 3.400 r 178 

BaAbSi20s* ± 4.2 ± .31 ± .008 ± .010 

Paracelsian 375.500 4 moo. 746.6 112.4 2.687 3.340 r 244, 60 

BaAbSi20s* ± 2.9 ± .4 ± .010 ± .013 

-..J Banalsite 659.580 4 orth. 1416.9 213.3 5.099 3.092 r 60 

0 BaN a2Al4Si401s* ± 5.1 ± .8 ± .018 ± .011 

Danburite 245.869 4 orth. 545.8 82.17 1.964 2.992 r 133, 60 

CaB2Si20s* ± 2.3 ± .35 ± .008 ± .013 

Low Nepheline 142.055 8 hex. 719.38 54.16 1.294 2.623 r 68,247 

NaA1Si04 ± .80 ± .06 ± .002 ± .003 

High Carnegeite 142.055 4 cubic 393.03 59.18 1.414 2.401 750 247 

NaAlSi04 ± .64 ± .10 ± .002 ± .004 

Kaliophilite natural 158.167 54 hex. 5352.4 59.69 1.427 2.650 r 247 

KA1Si04* ± 4.7 ± .05 ± .001 ± .002 

Kaliophilite synthetic 158.167 2 hex. 198.89 59.89 1.431 2.641 r 247 

KA1Si04 ± .18 ± .05 ± .001 ± .002 

Kalsilite 158.167 2 hex. 200.66 60.424 1.4442 2.618 r 247, 199 

KA1Si04 ± .17 ± .051 ± .0013 ± .002 

Leucite 218.252 16 tet. 2348.23 88.389 2.1126 2.469 25 81 

KAlSi20s ± 1.19 ± .045 ± .0011 ± .001 
High Leucite 218.252 16 cubic 2422.3 91.18 2.179 2.394 625 67 

KAISi20s* ±27.1 ± 1.02 ± .024 ± .027 

Fe-Leucite 247.117 16 tet. 2435.98 91.692 2.1915 2.695 25 81 

KFeSi20s ± .91 ± .034 ± .0009 ± .001 

Petalite 306.258 2 mon. 426.41 128.4 3.069 2.385 r 67 

LiAISi401o* ± 1.57 ± .5 ± .011 ± .009 

Marialite 845.115 2 tet. 1093.6 329.3 7.871 2.566 r 78, 187 

N a4AbSi9024Cl ± 1.6 ± .5 ± .011 ± .004 

Meionite 934.719 2 tet. 1134.07 341.5 8.162 2.737 r 78 

Ca4Al6Sis024C03 ± 2.68 ± .8 ± .019 ± .007 

Sheet structure silicates 

Muscovite 398.313 4 mon 934.57 140.71 3.363 2.831 r 294, 108 

KAlz[AISi:JOlo](OH)z* ± 1.21 ± .18 ± .004 ± .004 

Paragonite 382.201 4 mon. 877.52 132.1 3.158 2.893 r 79, 108 

NaAb[AISi3010](0Hh* ± 8.47 ± 1.3 ± .031 ± .028 

........] Lepidolite 784.627 2 mon. 965.7 290.8 6.950 2.698 r 59 - K2AbLi2[AlSi702o](OH)4* ± 23.2 ± 7.0 ± .167 ± .065 

Phlogopite 417.286 2 mon. 497.83 149.91 3.5830 2.784 r 290,293 

KMg3[AISi30Io](OH)z ± l.l9 ± .36 ± .0086 ± .007 

Fluor-phlogopite 421.268 2 mon. 486.07 146.37 3.498 2.878 r 141 

KMg3 [A!Si3010]F z ± .60 ± .18 ± .004 ± .004 

Annite 511.891 2 mon. 512.40 154.30 3.688 3.318 r 79 

KFe3[AISi3010](0H)z ± 1.45 ± .44 ± .010 ± .009 

Ferriannite 540.757 2 mon. 519.92 156.56 3.7419 3.454 r 289 

KFe3[FeSi301o](OH)2 ± .51 ± .15 ± .0037 ± .003 

Marga rite 398.187 4 mon. 888.9 133.8 3.199 2.975 r 59 

CaAb[AbSiz01o](OH)z* ± 5.2 ± .8 ± .019 ± .017 

Talc 379.289 4 mon. 904.94 136.25 3.2565 2.784 r 248 

Mg3Si4010(0H)2* ± 1.71 ± .26 ± .0062 ± .005 

Pyrophyllite 360.316 4 mon. 835.9 125.9 3.008 2.863 r 114 

AbSi40to(OH)z* ± 4.0 ± .6 ± .015 ± .014 
Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals 

Formula Cell X-Ray 

weight Crystal volume Molar volume density Temp. Name and formula grams z system w-24 cm3 cm3 cal bar- 1 grams cm- 3 oc Ref. 

Sheet structure silicates-Continued 

Minnesotaite 473.894 4 mon. 971.8 146.3 3.497 3.239 r 59 FeaSi4010(0H)2* ± 19.2 ±2.9 ± .069 ±.064 

Dickite 258.161 4 mon. 659.49 99.30 2.3733 2.600 r 175, 8 AbSi20s(OH)4* ± .49 ± .07 ± .0018 ±.002 

Kaolinite 258.161 2 tri. 330.48 99.52 2.3785 2.594 r 104 

AbSi20s(OH)•* ± .86 ± .26 ± .0062 ± .007 

Nacrite 258.161 4 mon. 658.9 99.21 2.3713 2.602 r 8 AbSi20s(OH)•* ± 2.1 ± .32 ± .0076 ± .008 

Zeolites 

-.J 

N Analcite 220.155 16 cubic 2589.98 97.49 2.3301 2.258 r 217 

N aAlSi20s.H20 ± 2.83 ± .11 ± .0026 ±.003 

Natrolite 380.225 8 orth. 2250.1 169.39 4.049 2.245 r 160 

N a2Al2Sia010.2H20* ± 4.8 ± .37 ±.009 ± .005 
REFERENCES 

1 Abrahams, S. C., and Calhoun, B. A., 1953, The low-temperature transition in 

magnetite: Acta Cryst., v. 6, p. 105-106. 

2 Abrahams, S. C., and Geller, S., 1958, Refinement of a grossularite garnet: Acta 

Cryst.,v.11,p.437-44l. 

3 Adam, J., and Rodgers, M. D., 1959, The crystal structure of Zr02 and Hf02: 

Acta Cryst., v. 12, p. 951-952. 

4 Agrell, S. 0., and Smith, J. V., 1960, Cell dimensions, solid solution, 

polymorphism and identification of mullite and sillimanite: Jour. Am. Ceramic Soc., 

V. 43, p. 69-76. 

5 Allen, Robert D., 1952, Variations in chemical and physical properties of fluorite: 

Am. Mineralogist v. 37, p. 910-930. 

6 Andrews, K. W ., 1948, The lattice parameters and interplanar spacings of some 

artificially prepared melilites: Mineralog. Mag., v. 28, p. 374- 379. 

7 Aruja, E., 1958, On the unit cell of calcium potassium sulfate hydrate: synthetic 

and natural syngenite: Mineralogical Mag., v. 31, p. 943-946. 

8 Bailey, S. W. 1963, Polymorphism of the kaolin minerals: Am. Mineralogist, v. 

48, p. 1196-1209. 

9 Bannister, F. A., 1932, Determmation of minerals in platinum concentrates from 

the Transvaal by X-ray methods: Mineralog. Mag. v. 23, p. 188-206. 

10 Batchelder, D. N., and Simmons, R. 0., 1965, X-ray lattice constants of crystals 

by a rotating-camera method: AI, Ar, Au, CaF2, Cu, Ge, Ne, Si: Jour. Appl. Phys., 

V. 36,p.2864-2868. 

11 Batuecas, T., 1954, Determination of atomic masses by the pykno-X-ray method: 

Nature, v. 143, p. 345-346. 

12 Baur, W. H., 1956, Uber die Verfeinerung der Kristallstrukturbestimmung einiger 

Vertreter des Rutiltyps; Ti02, Sn02, Ge02 , and MgF2: Acta Cryst., v. 9, p.515-

520. 

13 Baur, W. H., 1964a, On the crystal chemistry of salt hydrates. II. A neutron 

diffraction study on MgS04AH20: Acta Cryst., v. 17, p. 863-869. 

14 Baur, W. H., 1964b, On the crystal chemistry of salt hydrates. Ill. The 

determination of the crystal structure of FeS04.1H20 melanterite: Acta Cryst., v. 

17,p.1167-ll74. 

15 Bearden, J. A., 1965, X-ray wavelength conversion factor: Phys. Rev., v. 137, 

p. Bl81-Bl87. 

73 
16 Bellamy, B., Parker, T. W., and Livey, D. T., 1962, The lattice parameters and 

density of beryllium oxide determined by precise X-ray methods: Jour. Nucl. 

Materials Netherlands, v. 6, p. 1-4. 

17 Berry, L. G., and Thompson, R. M., 1962, X-ray powder data for ore minerals: 

Geol. Soc. America Mem. 85, 281 p. 

18 Bethke, Philip M., 1962, Unpublished data. 

19 Bethke, P. M., and Barton, P. B., Jr., 1961, Unit-cell dimensions versus 

composition in the systems: PbS-CdS, PbS-PbSe. ZnS-ZnSe, and 

CuFeSe1.90 : U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 424-B, p. 266-270. 

20 Beyer, H., Suhl, K., and Zemann, J., 1965, New determination of the crystal 

structure oftellurite orthorhombic Te02: Naturwissenschaften, v. 57, p. 155. 

21 Bohm, F., Gronvold, F., Haraldsen, H., and Prydz, H., 1955, X-ray and magnetic 

study of the system cobalt selenium: Acta Chemica Scand., v. 9, p. 1510-1522. 

22 Brophy, G. P., Scott, E. S., and Snellgrove, R. A., 1962, Sulfate studies II, solid 

solution between alunite and jarosite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 47, p. 112-126. 

23 Brown, B. E., and Bailey, S. W., 1964, Unpublished refinement of Pellotsalo 

microcline. 

24 Brown, W. L., and Smith, U V., 1963, High-temperature X-ray studies on the 

polymorphism of MgSi03 : Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 118, p. 186-212. 

25 Brunauer, S., Kantro, D. L., and Weise, C. H., 1956, The surface energies of 

calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide: Canadian Jour. Chern. v. 34, p. 729-742. 

26 Buerger, M. J., 1935, The unit cell and space group of realgar: Am. Mineralogist, V. 6, p. 36-43. 

27 Buerger, M. J., 1937, Interatomic distances in marcasite and notes on the bonding 

in crystals of lollingite, arsenopyrite, and marcasite types: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, V. 97, p. 504-513. 

28 Buerger, M. J., 1939, The crystal structure of gudmundite: Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 101, p. 290-316. 

29 Buerger, M. J., 1942, The unit cell and space group of orpiment: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 27, p. 301-304. 

30 Buerger, M. J., 1947, The crystal structure of cubanite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 32, 

p. 415-425. 

31 Buerger, M. J., 1956, The arrangement of atoms in crystals of the wollastonite 

group of metasilicates: Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 42, p. 113-116. 

32 Buerger, M. J., Burnham, C. W., and Peacor, D. R., 1962, Assessment of the 

several structures proposed for tourmaline: Acta Cryst., v. 15, p. 583-590. 

33 Buerger, M. J., and Prewitt, C. T., 1961. The crystal structures of wollastonite 

and pectolite: Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 47, p. 1884-1888. 

34 Burnham, C. W., 1963a, Refinement of the crystal structure of kyanite: Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 118, p. 337-360. 

35 Burnham, C. W., 1963b, Refinement of the crystal structure of sillimanite: Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 118, p. 127-148. 

36 Burnham, C. W., 1964, Crystal structure of mullite: Carnegie Inst. Washington, 

Geophys. Lab. Ann. Rept. Director, 1963-64, p. 223-228. 

74 
37 Burnham, C. W., 1965. Ferrosilite: Carnegie Inst. Washington, Geophys. Lab., 

Ann. Rept. Director, 1964-65, p. 202-204. 

38 Burnham, C. R ., and Buerger, M. J., 1961, Refinement of the crystal structure 

of andalusite: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 115, p. 269-290. 

39 Burnham, C. W ., and Radoslovich, E. W ., 1964, Crystal structures of coexisting, 

muscovite and paragonite: Carnegie Inst. Washington, Geophys. Lab., Ann. Rept. 

Director, 1963-64, p. 232-236. 

40 Busing, W. R., and Levy, H. A., 1958, A single crystal neutron diffraction study 

of diaspore, AlOOH: Acta Cryst., v. 11, p. 798- 803. 

41 Caron, A., and Donohue, U, 1961, The lattice constants of orthorhombic sulfur 

and revision of the interatomic distances: Acta cryst., v. 14, p. 548-549. 

42 Caron, L. G., Santoro, R. P., and Newnham, R. E., 1965, Magnetic structure of 

CaMnSi04: Jour. Phys. Chern. Solids, v. 26, p. 927- 930. 

43 Chao, E. C. T., Evans, H. T., Jr., Skinner, B. J., and Milton, C., 1961, Neighborite, 

NaMgF3 a new mineral from the Green River formation, South Ouray, Utah: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 379-393. 

44 Chao, E. C. T., Fahey, J. J., Littler, J., and Milton, D. J., 1962, Stishovite, Si02, 

a very high pressure new mineral from Meteor Crater, Arizona: Jour. Geophys. 

Res., v. 67, p. 419-421. 

45 Cheng, G. C. H., and Zussman, J., 1963, The crystal structure of anhydrite CaS04: 

Acta Cryst., v. 16, p. 767-769. 

46 Chessin, H., Hamilton, W. C., and Post, B., 1965, Position and thermal parameters 

of oxygen atoms in calcite: Acta Cryst., v. 18, p. 689-693. 

47 Christ, C. L., 1956, Precision determination of lattice constants of single crystals 

using the conventional Weissenberg camera: Am. Mineralogist, v. 41, p. 569-580. 

48 Cid-Dresdner, H., 1965, The determination and refinement of the crystal structure 

ofturquois, CuAls(P04)40H8.4H20: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 121, p. 87-113. 

49 Clark, S. P., Jr., Schairer, J. F., and de Neufville, J., 1962, Phase relations in 

the system CaMgSi206 -CaAhSi06 - Si02 at low and high pressure: Carnegie Inst. 

Washington, Geophys. Lab., Ann. Rept. Director, 1961-62, p. 59-68. 

50 Cole, W. F., Sorum, H., and Kennard, 0., 1949, The crystal structures of orthoclase 

and sanidinised orthoclase: Acta Cryst., v. 2, p. 280-287. 

51 Cole, W. F., Sorum, H., and Taylor, W. F., 1951, The structures of the plagioclase 

felspars. I: Acta Cryst., v. 4, p. 20-29. 

52 Comeforo, J. E., and Kohn, J. A., 1954. Synthetic asbestos investigations, I: Study 

of fluor-tremolite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 39, p. 537-548. 

53 Cooper, A. S., 1962, Precise lattice constants of germanium, aluminum, gallium 

arsenide, uranium, sulfur, quartz and sapphire: Acta Cryst., v. 15, p. 578-582. 

54 Cooper, A. S., Bond, R. L., and Abrahams, S. C., 1961, The lattice and molecular 

constants in orthorhombic sulfur: Acta Cryst., v. 14, p. 1008. 

55 Cromer, D. T., and Herrington, K., 1955, The structures of anatase and rutile: 

Am. Chern. Soc. Jour., v. 77, p. 4708-4709. 

56 Davis, G. L., and Tuttle, 0. F., 1952, Two new crystalline phases of the anorthite 

composition, CaO.Ab03.2Si02: Am. Jour. Sci., Bowen Volume, p. 107-114. 

75 
57 Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zu1sman, J., 1962, Rock formine minerals, v. 1, Ortho- and ring silicates: New York, John Wiley, 333 p. 

58 Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zu1sman, J., 1963, Rock formina minerals, v. 2, Chain silicates: New York, John Wiley, 379 p. 

59 Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zus1man, J., 1962, Rock forming minerals, v. 3, Sheet silicates: New York, John Wiley, 270 p. 

60 Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zussman, J., 1963, Rock forming minerals, v, 

4, Framework silicates: New York, John Wiley, 435 p, 

61 Deer, W, A., Howie, R. A., and Zussman, J., 1963, Rock forming minerals, v. 5, Non-silicates: New York, John Wiley, 371 p, 

62 deJong, W. F., and Hoog, A., 1927, La combinaison RuS2 et sa structure: Recucil 

Travaux Chimique Pay-Bas, v. 46, p. 173-176. 

63 Djurle, S., 1958, An X-ray study on the system Cu-S: Acta Chemica Scand., v. 12, p. 1415-1426. 

64 Djurle, S., 1958, An X-ray study on the system Ag-Cu-S: Acta Chemica Scand., v. 12,p. 1427-1436. 

65 Dollase, W. A., 1965, Reinvestigation of the structure of low cristobalite: Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 121, p. 369-377. 

66 Donnay, G., and Donnay, J. D. H., 1952, The symmetry change in the high 

temperature alkali-feldspar series: Am. Jour. Sci., Bowen Volume, p. 115-132. 

67 Donnay, J.D. H., Donnay, G., Cox, E. G., Kennard, 0., and King, M. V., 1963, 

Crystal data: Am. Crystallographic Assoc. Mon. No.5, 1302 p. 

68 Donnay, G., Schairer, J. F., and Donnay, J.D. H., 1959, Nepheline solid solutions: 

Mineralogical Mag., v. 32, p. 93-109. 

69 Donohue, J., Caron, A., and Goldish, E., 1961, The crystal and molecular structure 

of S6 Sulfur-6: Am. Chern. Soc. Jour., v, 83, p, 3748-3751. 

70 Duncanson, A., and Stevenson, R. W, H., 1958, Some properties of magnesium 

fluoride crystallized from the melt: Phys. Soc. London Proc., v, 72, p. 1001-1006. 

71 Earley, J. W ., 1949, Studies of natural and artificial selenides: I - Klockmanite, 

CuSe: Am. Mineralogist, v. 34, p. 435-440. 

72 Earley, J. W., 1950, Description and synthesis of the selenide minerals: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 35, p. 337-364. 

73 Eberhard, E., 1962, Michbarkeit und struturelle Eigenschaften von synthetischem 

Cordierit in den System MoO, FeO, MgO, CaO- Ab0s-Si02-H20 bei 

verhaltnismassig niedrigen Temperaturen und Drucken: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 117, p. 171-183. 

74 Epprecht, W., 1953, Die Gitterkonstanten der Tourmaline: Schweiz, Mineral. 

Petrog. Mitt., v. 33, p. 481-505. 

75 Ernst, W. G., 1963, Polymorphism in alkali amphiboles: Am. Mineralogist, v. 48, p. 241-260. 

76 Ernst, W. G., 1966, Synthesis and stability relations of ferrotremolites: 

Am. Jour. Sci., v. 264, p. 37-65. 

77 Ervin, G., Jr., and Osburn, E. F., 1949, X-ray data on synthetic melilites: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 34, p. 717-722. 

76 
78 Eugster, H. P., Prostka, H. J., and Appleman, D. E., 1962, Unit cell dimensions 

of natural and synthetic scapolites: Science, v. 137, p. 853-854. 

79 Eugster, H. P ., and Wones, D. R., 1962, Stability relations of the ferruginous 

biotite annite: Jour. Petrology, v. 3, p. 82-125. 

80 Farrell, E. F., Fang, J. H., and Newnham, R. E., 1963, Refinement of the 

chrysoberyl structure: Am. Mineralogist, v. 48, p. 804-810. 

81 Faust, G. T., 1963, Phase transition in synthetic and natural leucite: Schweiz. 

Mineral. Petrog. Mitt., v. 43, p. 165-195. 

82 Ferguson, R. B., Trail, R. J., and Taylor, W. H., 1958, The crystal structures of 

low-temperature and high-temperature albite: Acta Cry st., v. 11, p. 331-348. 

83 Ferrari, A., Bralbanti, A., and Bigliardi, G., 1963, Refinement of the crystal 

structure of NiCb and of unit-cell parameters of some anhydrous chlorides of 

divalent metals: Acta Cryst., v. 16, p. 846-847. 

84 Finney, J. J., and Bailey, S. W ., 1964, Crystal structure of an authigenic maximum 

microcline: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 119, p. 413-436. 

85 Fisher, D. J ., 1952, Lattice constants of synthetic chalcanthite by the X-ray 

precession technique using a single mounting of the crystal Am. Mineralogist, v. 37, p. 95-114. 

86 Fisher, W., and Hellner, E., 1964, Uber die Struktur des Vanthoffits: Acta Cryst., v. 17, p. 1613. 

87 Flugel-Kahler, E., 1963, Die Kristallstruktur von Dolerophanit, Cu20S04: Acta 

Cryst., v. 16, p. 1009-1014. 

88 Francombe, M. H., 1958, Structure-cell data and expansion coefficients of bismuth 

telluride: British Jour. Appl. Physics, v. 9, p. 415-417. 

89 Frondel, Clifford, 1962, The system of mineralogy, 7th. ed., v. 3, Silica minerals: 

New York, John Wiley, 334 p. 

90 Frondel, Clifford, and Hurlbut, C. S., Jr., 1955, Determination of the atomic weight 

of silicon by physical measurements on quartz: Jour. Chern. Physics, v. 23, p. 1215-

1219. 

91 Fronde!, Clifford, and Klein, Cornelius, Jr., 1965, Ureyite, NaCrSi20s: a new meteoritic pyroxene: Science, v. 149, p. 742-744. 

92 Frueh, A. J., Jr., 1956, Crystal structure of eucairite: Geol. Soc. America Bull., 

V. 67, p. 1697-1698. 

93 Frueh, A. J., Jr., 1959a, The crystallography of petzite, Ag3AuTe2: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 44, p. 693-701. 

94 Frueh, A. J., Jr., 1959b, The structure of hessite, Ag2Te-lll: Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 112, p. 44-57. 

95 Fuchs, L. H., and Gebert, E., 1958, X-ray studies of synthetic coffinite, thorite 

and uranothorites: Am. Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 243-248. 

96 Gaines, R. V., 1957, Luzonite, famatinite and some related minerals: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 42, p. 766-779. 

97 Garske, D., and Peacor, D. R., 1965, Refinement of the structure of celestite, 

SrS04: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 121, p. 204-210. 

98 Ghose, Subrata, 1961, The crystal structure of a cummingtonite: Acta Cryst., v. 

14, p. 622-627. 

77 
99 Gibbs, G. V., 1966, The polymorphism of cordierite 1: The crystal structure of low 

cordierite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 51, p. 1068-1087. 

100 Gibbs, G. V., and Smith, J. V., 1965, Refinement of the crystal structure of 

synthetic pyrope: Am. Mineralogist, v. 50, p. 2023-2039. 

101 Goldsmith, J. R., and Graf, D. L., 1957, The system CaO-MnO-C02, solid solution 

and decomposition relations: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 11, p. ~10-334. 

102 Goldsmith, J. R., and Laves, F., 1954, The microcline-sanidine stability relations: 

Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 5, p. 1-19. 

103 Goldsmith, J. R., and Laves, F., 1955, Cation order in anorthite CaAbSi20s as 

revealed by gallium and germanium substitutions: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 106, 

p. 213-226. 

104 Goodyear, J., and Duffin, W. J., 1961, An X-ray examination of an exceptionally 

well crystallised kaolinite: Mineralog. Mag., v. 32, p. 902-907. 

105 Gordon, R. B., 1951, Some measurements on minerals of the pyrite group: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 36, p. 918-920. 

106 Goryunova, N. A., and Fedorova, N. N., 1959, Solid solutions in the zinc selenidegallium arsenide system: Soviet Phys. Solid State, v. 1, p. 307-308, Consultants 

Bureau, translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, v. 1, p. 344-345. 

107 Graf, D. L., 1961, Crystallographic tables for the rhombohedral carbonates: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 1283-1316. 

108 Greenwood, H. J., 1963, The synthesis and stability of anthophyllite: Jour. 

Petrology, v. 4, p. 317-351. 

109 Gronvold, F., Haraldsen, H., and Kjekshus, A., 1960, On the Sulfides, Selenides 

and Tellurides of Platinum: Acta Chemica Scand., v. 14, p. 1879-1893. 

110 Gronvold, F., Haraldsen, H., and Vihovde, J., 1954, Phase and structural relations 

in the system iron-tellurium: Acta Chemica Scand., v. 8, p. 1927-1942. 

111 Gronvold, F., and Jacobsen, E., 1956, X-ray and magnetic study of nickel selenides 

in the range NiSe to NiSe2: Acta Chemica Scand., v. 10, p. 1440-1454. 

112 Gronvold, F., and Westrum, E. F., Jr., 1959, Alpha-Ferric oxide: Low temperature 

heat capacity and thermodynamic functions: Am. Chern. Soc. Jour., v. 81, p. 1780-

1783. 

113 Gronvold, F., and Westrum, E. F., Jr., 1962, Heat capacities and thermodynamic 

functions of iron disulfide pyrite, iron diselenide and nickel diselenide from 5 to 

350° K: Inorganic Chemistry, v. 1, p. 36-48. 

114 Gruner, J. W., 1934, The crystal structures of talc and pyrophyllite: Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 88, p. 412-419. 

115 Guntert, 0. J., and Faessler, A., 1956, Prazisionsbestimung der gitterkonstanten 

der erdalkalisulfide MgS, CaS, SrS, and BaS: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 107, p. 

357-361. 

116 Halferdahl, L. B., 1961, Chloritoid: Its composition, X-ray and optical properties, 

stability, and occurence: Jour. Petrology, v. 2, p. 49-135. 

117 Hall, W. E., 1961, Unit-cell edges of cobalt and iron-bearing sphalerites: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 424-B, p. 271-273. 

118 Hanke, J., and Zemann, J., 1963, Verfeinerung der kristallstruktur von olivin: 

Naturwissenschaften, v. 50, p. 91. 

78 
119 Heide, H. G., Boll-Dornberger, K., Thilo, E., and Thilo, E. M., 1955, Die Struktur 

des Dioptas CusSi"O,s.6H2 0: Acta Cryst., v. 8, p. 425-430. 

120 Heller, R. B., McGannon, J., and Weber, A. H., 1950, Precision determination 

of the lattice constants of zinc oxide: Jour. Appl. Physics, v. 21, p. 1283-1284. 

121 Henins, lvars, 1964, Precision density measurement of silicon: U. S. N atl. Bur. 

Standards Jour. Research, v. 68A, p. 529-533. 

122 Hess, H. H., 1952, Orthopyroxenes of the Bushveld type, ion substitution and 

changes in unit cell dimensions: Am. Jour. Sci., Bowen Volume, p. 173-187. 

123 Hewitt, D. F., 1948, A partial study of the NiAs-NiSb system: Econ. Geology, 

V. 43, p. 408-417. 

124 Hiller, J. E., 1951, Uber synthetischen shandit, NiaPb2S2 , und analoge 

verbindungen mit selen bzw. tellur: Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh., p. 265-

278. 

125 Hurlbut, C. S., Jr., 1961, Tephroite from Franklin, New Jersey: Am. Mineralogist. 

v.46,p. 549-559. 

126 Hutchison, D. A., 1944, Density of potassium chloride: Phys. Rev., v. 66, p. 144-

148. 

127 Ito, T., and Mori, H., 1953, The crystal structure of datolite: Acta Cryst., v. 6, 

p. 24-32. 

128 Ito, T., Morimoto, N., and Sadanaga, R., 1952, The crystal structure of realgar: 

Acta Cryst., v. 5, p. 775-782. 

129 Ievins, A., Straumanis, M., and Karlsons, K., 1938, Die Prazisionsbestimmung von 

Gitterkonstanten nichtkubischer Stoffe Bi, Mg, Sn nach der asymmetrischem 

Methode: Zeitchr. Phys. Chemie, v. 40B, p. 347-356. 

130 Jan, J. P., Steineman, S., and Dinichert, P., 1960, The density and lattice 

parameters of ruby: Jour. Phys. Chern. Solids, v. 12, p. 349-350. 

131 Jay, A. H., 1933, The thermal expansion of quartz by X-ray measurements: Royal 

Soc. London Proc., v. 142A, p. 237-247. 

132 Jeffery, J. W., and Heller, L., 1953, Preliminary X-ray investigation of pseudowollastonite: Acta Cryst., v. 6, p. 807-808. 

133 Johansson, G., 1959, A refinement of the crystal structure of danburite: Acta 

Cryst., v. 12, p. 522-525. 

134 Jones, J. B., and Taylor, W. F., 1961, The structure of orthoclase: Acta Cryst., V. 14, p. 443-456. 

135 Jurriaanse, T., 1935, The crystal structure of Au2Bi: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, V. 90, p. 322-329. 

136 Kamb, B., 1965, A clathrate crystalline form of silica: Science, v. 148, p. 232-

234. 

137 Kay, H. F., and Bailey, P. C., 1957, Structure and properties of CaTi03 : Acta 

Cryst., v. 10, p. 219-226. 

138 Klein, Cornelius, Jr., 1964, Cummingtonite-grunerite: a chemical, optical, and Xray study: 1\m. Mineralogist, v. 49, p. 963-982. 

139 Knowles, C. R., 1964, A redetermination of the structure of miargyrite, AgSbS2 : 

Acta Cryst., v. 17, p. 847-851. 

79 
140 Kohn, J. A., and Comeforo, J. E., 1955, Synthetic asbestos investigations II. Xray and other data on synthetic fluor-richterite, edenite, and boron-edenite: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 40, p. 410-421. 

141 Kohn, J. A., and Hatch, R. A., 1955, Synthetic mica investigations, VI: X-ray 

and optical data on synthetic fluor-phlogopite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 40, p. 10-21. 

142 Kristanovic, I., 1965, Redetermination of the oxygen parameters in xenotime, 

YPO.: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 121, p. 315-316. 

143 Kullerud, G., 1962, Unpublished data. 

144 Kullerud, G., and Yond, Y. A., 1962, The Ni -S system and related minerals: Jour: 

Petrology, v. 3, p. 126-175. 

145 Kuno, H., and Hess, H. H., 1953, Unit cell dimensions of clinoenstatite and 

pigeonite in relation to other common clinopyroxenes: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 251, p. 

741-752. 

146 Ladell, J., 1965, Redetermination of the crystal structure of topaz: a preliminary 

account: Norelco Reporter, v. 12, p. 34-39. 

147 LaPlaca, S., and Post, B., 1960, Thermal expansion of ice: Acta Cryst., v. 13, 

p. 503-505. 

148 Laves, F., 1952, Phase relations of the alkali feldspars-11, The stable and pseudostable phase relations in the alkali feldspar system: Jour. Geology, v. 60, p. 549-

574. 

149 Lepp, H., 1956, Precision measurements of the edge of synthetic pyrite: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 41, p. 347-349. 

150 Levin, E. M., Roth, R. S., and Martin, J. B., 1961, Polymorphism of ADOs type rare earth borates: Am. Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 1030-1055. 

151 Liebau, F., 1959, Uber die Kristallstruktur des Pyroxmangits (Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg) 

SiOs: Acta Cryst., v. 12, p. 177-181. 

152 Lundqvist, D., 1943, The structure of daubreelite: Arkiv Kemi, Mineralogi och 

Geologi, v. 17B, no. 12, p. 1-4. 

153 Lundqvist, D., 1947a, X-ray studies on the binary system Ni-S: Arkiv Kemi, 

Mineralogi och Geologi, v. 24A, no. 21, p. 1-12. 

154 Lundqvist, D., 1947, X-ray studies on the ternary system Fe-Ni-S: Arkiv Kemi, 

Mineralogi och Geologi, v. 24A, no. 22, p. 1-12. 

155 Lundqvist, D., 1947, X-ray studies on sulfides of nickel and iron obtained by 

precipation from water solutions: Arkiv Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi, v. 24A, 

no.23,p.l-7. 

156 Lundqvist, D., and Westgren, A., 1938,Rontgenuntersuchung des Systems CoS: Zeitschr. Anorg. Allg. Chemie, v. 239, p. 85-88. 

157 McConnell, J. D. C., 1960, Vaterite from Ballycraigy, Larne, Northern Ireland: 

Mineralog. Mag., v. 32, p. 534-544. 

158 McConnell, D., 1965, Crystal chemistry of hydroxy-apatite: its relation to bone 

mineral: Arch. Oral Biology, v. 10, p. 421-431. 

159 Megaw, H. D., Kempster, C. J. E., and Radoslovich, E. W., 1962, The structure 

ofanorthiteCaAISi20s. II. Description and discussion: Acta Cryst., v. 15, p. 1017-

1035. 

80 
160 Meier, W. M., 1960., The crystal structure of natrolite: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, V. 113, p. 430-444. 

161 Midgley, C. M., 1952, The crystal structure of ,8-dicalcium silicate: Acta Cryst., V. 5, p. 307-312. 

162 Miyashiro, A., Iiyama, T., Yamasaki, M., and Miyashiro, T., 1955, The 

polymorphism of cordierite and indialite: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 253, p. 185-208. 

163 Morimoto, N., 1956, The crystal structure of borax: Mineralogical Jour. Japan, 

V. 2, p. l-18. 

164 Morimoto, N., Appleman, D. E., and Evans, H. T., 1960, The crystal structures 

of clinoenstatite and pigeonite: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 114, p. 120-147. 

165 Morimoto, N., and Clark, L. A., 1961, Arsenopyrite crystal-chemical relations: 

Am. Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 1448-1469. 

166 Morimoto, N., and Kullerud, G., 1961, Polymorphism in bornite: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 1270-1282. 

167 Mosburg, S., Ross, D. R., Bethke, P. M., and Toulmin, P.,3d, 1961, X-ray powder 

data for herzenbergite, teallite, and tin trisulfide: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

424-C, p. 349-353. 

168 Mrose, M. E., Chao, E. T. C., Fahey, J. J., and Milton, C., 1961, Northsethite, 

Ba.MgC032, a new mineral from the Green River formation, Wyoming: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 420-429. 

169 Mrose, M. E., 1962, X-ray powder data for saline minerals of the Green River 

formation: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 405, p. 45-50. 

170 Mrose, M. E., and Appleman, D. E., 1962, The crystal structures and crystal 

chemistry of vayrynenite, Mn,FeBeP04(0H) and euclase, AIBeSi04(0H): Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 117, p. 16-36. 

171 Murdoch, J., and Berry, L. G., 1954, X-ray measurements on argentopyrite: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 39, p. 475-485. 

172 Mykolajewycz, R., Kalnajs, J., and Smakula, A., 1964, High-precision density 

determination of natural diamonds: Jour. Appl. Phys., v. 35, p. 1773-1778. 

173 Nelson, J. B., and Riley, D. P., 1945, The thermal expansion of graphite from 

15 to 800° C: Phys. Soc. London Proc., v. 57, p. 477-495. 

174 Neuvonen, K. J., 1952, Thermochemical investigation of the akermanite-gehlenite 

series: Comm. Geol. Finlande Bull., no. 158, 57 p. 

175 Newnham, R. E., 1961, A refinement of the dickite structure and some remarks on polymorphism in kaolin minerals: Mineralog. Mag., v. 32, p. 683-704. 

176 Newnham, R. E., and DeHaan, Y. M., 1962, Refinement of the a-Ab03, Ti203, 

V 203, and Cr203 structures: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 117, p. 235-237. 

177 Newnham, R. E., Fang, J. H., and Santoro, R. P., 1964, Crystal structure and 

magnetic properties of CoTi03: Acta Cryst., v. 17, p. 240-242. 

178 Newnham, R. E., and Megaw, H. D., 1960, The crystal structure of celsian barium 

feldspar: Acta Cryst., v. 13, p. 303-312. 

179 Newnham, R., Santoro, R., Fang, J., and Nomura, S., 1965, Antiferromagnetism 

in nickle orthosilicate: Acta Cryst., v. 19, p. 147- 148. 

81 
180 Nolan, J., and Edgar, A. D., 1963, An X-ray investigation of synthetic pyroxenes 

in the system acmite-diopside-water at 1000 kg/cm2 water vapor pressure: 

Mineralogical Mag., v. 33, p. 625-634. 

181 Nomura, S., Santoro, R., Fang, J., and Newnham, R., 1964, Antiferromagnetism 

in cobalt orthosilicate:. Jour. Phys. Chern. Solids, v. 25, p. 901-905. 

182 Nurse, R. W., and Midgley, H. G., /953, Studies in the melilite solid solutions: 

Jour. Iron and Steel Inst., v. 174 p. 121-131. 

183 Oftedal, I., 1928, Uber die Kristallstrukturen der Verbindungen RuS2, OsS2, 

MnTe2 und AuSb2. Mit einem Anhang uber die Gitterkonstante von Pyrit: Zeitschr. 

Phys. Chemie, v. 135, p. 291-299. 

184 Oswald, H. R., 1961, Uber naturlichen und kunstlichen Gerhardite: Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 116, p. 210-219. 

185 Pabst, A., 1961, Supplementary note on 'False symmetry, the Templeton effect, 

in lawsonite': Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 115, p. 307-309. 

186 Palache, C., Berman, H., and Frondel, C., 1944, 1951, Dana's system of 

mineralogy, 7th ed., v. 1, 1944, 834 p., v. 2, 1951, 1124 p: New York, John Wiley. 

187 Papike, J. J., and Zoltai, T., 1965, The crystal structure of a marialite scapolite: 

Am. Mineralogist, v. 50, p. 641-655. 

188 Parker, R. L., 1962, Isomorphous substitution in natural and synthetic alunite: 

Am. Mineralogist, v. 47, p. 127-136. 

189 Parrish, W., 1960, Results of the I. U. Cr. precision lattice-parameter project: 

Acta Cryst., v. 13, p. 838-850. 

190 Peacock, M. A., 1935, On wollastonite and parawollastonite: Am. Jour. Sci. v. 

30,p.495-529. 

191 Peacock, M.A., 1942a, On rammelsbergite from Ontario: Univ. Toronto Studies, 

Geol. Series, no. 42, p. 95-112. 

192 Peacock, M.A., 1942b, On goethite and lepidocrocite: Royal Soc. Canada Trans., 

series. 3, v. 36, p. 107-118. 

193 Peacock, M. A., 1942c, Diffuse diffraction and disorder in maucherite: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 27, p. 229. 

194 Peacock, M. A., and McAndrew, J., 1950, On parkerite and shandite and the 

crystal structure: Am. Mineralogist, v. 35, p. 425-439. 

195 Peacor, D. R., and Buerger, M. J., 1962, Determination and refinement of the 

crystal structure of bustamite, CaMnSi206: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 117, p. 331-

343. 

196 Peacor, D. R., and Niizeki, N., 1963, The determination and refinement of the 

crystal structure of rhodonite MnCaSi03 : Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 119, p. 98-

116. 

197 Peacor, D. R., and Prewitt, C. T., 1963, Comparison of the crystal structures of 

bustamite and wollastonite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 48, p. 588-596. 

198 Pearson, W. B., 1958, Handbook of lattice spacings and structures of metals and 

alloys: New York, Pergamon Press, 1044 p. 

199 Perrotta, A. J., and Smith, J. V., 1965, Crystal structure of kalsilite, KA!Si04: 

Mineralog. Mag., v. 35, p. 588-595. 

82 
200 Perrotta, A. J., and Stephenson, D. A., 1965, Clinoenstatite: high-low inversion: 

Science, v. 148, p. 1090-1091. 

201 Pistorius, C. W. F. T., 1961a, Lattice constants of synthetic lawsonite: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 982-985. 

202 Pistorius, C. W. F. T., 196/b, Synthesis and lattice constants of pure zoisite and 

clinozoisite: Jour. Geology, v. 69, p. 604-609. 

203 Pistorius, C. W. F. T., 1963, Some phase relations in the system CoO-Si02-H20, 

Ni0-Si02 -H2 0 and Zn0-Si02 -H2 0 to high pressures and temperatures: Neues 

Jahrb. Mineralogie Monatsh .. p. 30-57. 

204 Posner, A. S., Perloff, A., and Diorio, A. F., 1958, Refinement of the 

hydroxyapatite structure: Acta Cryst., v. 11, p. 308-309. 

205 Prewitt, C. T., and Burnham, C. W., 1964, The crystal structure of jadeite, 

NaAlSi206: Am. Mineralogist. v. 51, p. 956-975. 

206 Primak, W ., Kaufman, H., and Ward, R., 1948, X-ray diffraction studies of systems 

involved in the preparation of alkaline earth sulfide and selenide phosphors: Am. 

Chern. Soc. Jour., v. 70, p. 2043-2046. 

207 Rahlfs, P., 1936, Uber die kubischen Hochtemperaturmodifikationen der Sulfide. 

Selenide und Telluride des Silbers und des einwertigen Kupfers: Zeitschr. Phys. 

Chemie, v. 31B, p. 157-194. 

208 Ribbe, P. H., 1963, A refinement of the crystal structure of sanidinized orthoclase: 

Acta Cryst., v. 16, p. 426-427. 

209 Robbins, C. R., Yoder, H. S., Jr., and Schairer, J. F., 1959, Tourmaline: Carnegie 

Inst. Washington, Geophys. Lab., Ann. Rept. Director, 1958-59, p. 137-139. 

210 Roseboom, E. H., Jr., 1962, Skutterudites Co,Ni.FeAs3 _ x: composition and cell 

dimensions: Am. Mineralogist, v. 47, p. 310-327. 

211 Roseboom, E. H., 1963, Co-Ni-Fe diarsenides: compositions and cell dimensions: 

Am. Mineralogist, v. 48, p. 271-299. 

212 Roseboom, E. H., Jr., 1963, Unpublished data. 

213 Ross, V., and Edwards, J. 0., 1959, On the crystal structure of kernite, 

Na2B407AHzO: Acta Cryst., v. 12, p. 258. 

214 Roth, R. S., 1957, Classification of perovskite and other AB03 type compounds: 

U.S. Nat!. Bur. Standards Jour. Research, v. 58, p. 75-88. 

215 Ruben, H. W., Templeton, D. H., Rosenstein, R. D., and Olovsson, 1., 1961, Crystal 

structure and entropy of sodium sulfate decahydrate: Am. Chern. Soc. Jour., v. 83, 

p. 820-824. 

216 Sadanaga, R., Tokonami, M., and Takeuchi, Y., 1962, The Structure of mullite. 

2Al203.Si02 and relationship with the structures of sillimanite and andalusite: Acta 

Cryst., v. 15, p. 65-68. 

217 Saha, P., 1959, Geochemical and X-ray investigation of natural and synthetic 

analcites: Am. Mineralogist, v. 44, p. 300-313. 

218 Sahama, Th. G., 1953, Mineralogy of the humite group: Annates Acad. Sci. 

Fennicae Finland, series A, no. 31, 50 p. 

219 Sahama, Th. G., and Hytonen, K., 1958, Calcium-bearing magnesium-iron 

olivines: Am. Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 862-871. 

83 
220 Sakata, Y., 1957, Unit cell dimensions of synthetic aluminian diopside: Japanese 

Jour. Geol. Geog., v. 28, p. 161-168. 

221 Salkovitz E. 1., 1956, Crystallographic angles for bismuth and antimony: Jour. 

of Metals, v. 8, p. 176-177. 

222 Sasaki, A., 1959, Variation of unit cell parameters in the wolframite series: 

Mineralogical Jour. Japan, v. 2, p. 375-396. 

223 Schreyer, W., and Schairer, J. F., 1961, Compositions and structural states of 

anhydrous Mg-cordierites: A re-investigation of the central part of the system 

MgO-Al20a-Si02: Jour. Petrology, v. 2, p. 324-406. 

224 Seki, Y., 1959, Relation between chemical composition and lattice constants of 

epidote: Am. Mineralogist, v. 720-730. 

225 Shropshire, J., Keat, P. P., and Vaughan, P. A., 1959, The crystal structure of 

keatite, a new form of silica: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 112, p. 409-413. 

226 Skinner, B. J., 1956, Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group: 

Am. Mineralogist, v. 41, p. 428-436. 

227 Skinner, B. J., 1957, The thermal expansion of thoria, periclase and diamond: 

Am. Mineralogist, v. 42, p. 39-55. 

228 Skinner, B. J., 1961, Unit-cell edges of natural and synthetic sphalerites: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 1399-1411. 

229 Skinner, B. J.,1962a, Unpublished data. 

230 Skinner, B. J., 1962b, Thermal expansion often minerals: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 450-D, p. 109-112. 

231 Skinner, B. J., 1965, The system arsenic-antimony: Econ. Geology, v. 60, p. 

228-239. 

232 Skinner, B. J., and Appleman, D. E., 1963, Melanophlogite, a cubic polymorph 

of silica: Am. Mineralogist, v. 48, p. 854-867. 

233 Skinner, B. J., and Barton, P. B., Jr.,1960, The substitution of oxygen for sulfur 

in wurtzite and sphalerite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 45, p. 612-625. 

234 Skinner, B. J., Barton, P. B., Jr., and Kullerud, G., 1959, Effect of FeS on the 

unit cell edge of sphalerite. A revision: Econ. Geology, v. 54, p. 1040-1046. 

235 Skinner, B. J., and Bethke, P.M., 1961, The relationship between unit-cell edges 

and composition of synthetic wurtzites: Am. Mineralogist, v. 46, p. 1382-1398. 

236 Skinner, B. J., Clark, S. P., Jr., and Appleman, D. E., 1961, Molar volumes and 

thermal expansions of andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 259, 

p.651-668. 

237 Skinner, B. J., Erd, R. C., and Grimaldi, F. S., 1964, Greigite, the thio-spinel 

of iron; a new mineral: Am. Mineralogist, v. 49, p. 543-555. 

238 Skinner, B. J., and Evans, H. T., Jr., 1960, Crystal chemistry of ,8-spodumene 

solid solutions on the join Li20-AbOa-Si02: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 258A, Bradley 

Volume, p. 312-324. 

239 Simpson, D. R., 1965, Carbonate in hydroxylapatite: Science, v. 127, p. 501-502. 

240 Smith, D. K., Majumdar, A., and Ordway, F., 1965, The crystal structure of -ydicalcium silicate: Acta Cryst., v. 18, p. 787-795. 

84 
241 Smith, D. K., and Newkirk, H. W., 1965, The crystal structure of baddeleite 

monoclinic Zr02 and its relation to the polymorphism of Zr02: Acta Cryst., v. 

18, p. 983-991. 

242 Smith, G. S., and Alexander, L. E., 1963, Refinement of the atomic parameters 

of a-quartz: Acta Cryst., v. 16, p. 462-471. 

243 Smith, G. S., and Isaacs, P. B., 1964, The crystal structure of quartz-like Ge02: 

Acta Cryst., v. 17, p. 842-846. 

244 Smith, J. V., 1953, The crystal structure of paracelsian, BaAbSi20a: Acta Cryst., 

V. 6, p. 613-620. 

245 Smith, J. V., 1953, Cell dimensions of tridymite and cristobalite: Carnegie Inst. 

Washington, Geophys. Lab., Ann. Rept. Director, 1952-53, p. 61. 

246 Smith, J. V., 1956, The powder patterns and lattice parameters of the plagioclase 

felspars. I. The soda-rich plagioclases: Mineralogical Mag., v. 31, p. 47-68. 

247 Smith, J. V., and Tuttle, 0. F., 1957, The nepheline-kalsilite system, 1: X-ray 

data for the crystalline phases: Am. Jour. Sci., v; 255, p. 282-305. 

248 Stemple, I. S., and Brindley, G. W., 1960, A structural study of talc-tremolite 

relations: Am. Ceram. Soc. Jour., v. 43, p. 34-42. 

249 Stewart, D. B., 1965, Unpublished data. 

250 Straumanis, M. E., 1949, The precision determination of lattice constants by the 

powder and rotating crystal methods and applications: Jour. Appl. Physics, v. 20, 

p. 726-734. 

251 Straumanis, M. E., Amstutz, G. C., and Chan, S., 1964, Lattice parameters and 

expansion coefficients of FeS2 natural and synthetic, and of CoS2: Am. Mineralogist, 

V. 49, p. 206-212. 

252 Straumanis, M. E., Enjima, I., and James, W. J., 1960, The Ti02-phase explored 

by the lattice constant and density method: Acta Cryst., v. 13, p. 1022. 

253 Strens, R. G. J., 1965, Synthesis and properties of calcium vanadium garnet 

goldmanite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 50, p. 260. 

254 Swanson, H. E., and Tatge, E., 1953, Standard X-ray diffraction powder patterns: 

U.S. Nat!. Bur. Standards Circ. 539, v. 1, 95 p. 

255 Swanson, H. E., and Fuyat, R. K., 1953, Standard X-ray diffraction powder 

patterns: U.S. Nat!. Bur. Standards Circ. 539, v. 2, 65 p. 

256 Swanson, H. E., Fuyat, R. K., and Ugrinic, G. M., 1954, Standard X-ray diffraction 

powder patterns: U.S. Nat!. Bur. Standards Circ. 539, v. 3, 73 p. 

257 Swanson, H. E., Fuyat, R. K., and Ugrinic, G. M., 1955, Standard X-ray diffraction 

powder patterns: U.S. Natl. Bur. Standards Circ. 539, v. 4, 75 p. 

258 Swanson, H. E., Gilfrich, N. T., and Ugrinic, G. M, 1955, Standard X-ray 

diffraction powder patterns: U.S. Nat!. Bur. Standards Circ. 539., v. 5, 75 p. 

259 Swanson, H. E., Gilfrich, N. T., and Cook, M. 1., 1956, Standard X-ray diffraction 

powder patterns: U.S. Natl. Bur. Standards Circ. 539, v. 6, 62 p. 

260 Swanson, H. E., Gilfrich, N. T., and Cook, M. 1., 1957, Standard X-ray diffraction 

powder patterns: U.S. Nat!. Bur. Standards Circ. 539, v. 7, 70 p. 

261 Swanson, H. E., Gilfrich, N. T., Cook, M. 1., Stinchfield, R., and Parks, P. C., 

1959, Standard X-ray diffraction powder patterns: U.S. Nat!. Bur. Standards Circ. 

539, v. 8, 76 p. 

85 
262 Swanson, H. E., Cook, M. I., Isaacs, T., and Evans, E. H., 1960, Standard Xray diffraction powder patterns: U.S. Natl. Bur. Standards Circ. 539, v. 9, 64 p. 

263 Swanson, H. E., Cook, M. I., Evans, E. H., and deGroot, J. H., 1960, Standard 

X-ray diffraction powder patterns: U. S. Natl. Bur. Standards Circ. 539, v. 10, 

61 p. 

264 Swanson, H. E., Morris, M. C., Stinchfield, R. P., and Evans, E. H.; 1962, Standard 

X-ray diffraction powder patterns: U. S. Natl. Bur. Standards Mon. 25, sec. 1, 

56 p. 

265 Swanson, H. E., Morris, M. C., Stinchfield, R. P., and Evans, E. H., 1963, Standard 

X-ray diffraction powder patterns: U. S. Natl. Bur. Standards Mon. 25, sec. 2, 

46 p. . 

266 Swanson, H. E., Morris, M. C., Evans, E. H., and Ulmer, L., 1964, Standard Xray diffraction powder patterns: U. S. N atl. Bur. Standards Mon. 25, sec. 3, 64 

p. 

267 Takeuchi, Y., and Donnay, G., 1959, The crystal structure of hexagonal 

CaAbSi20a: Acta Cryst., v. 12, p. 465-470. 

268 Taylor, C. A., and Underwood, F. A., 1960, A twinning interpreation of superlattice 

reflections in X-ray photographs of synthetic klockmanite, CuSe: Acta Cryst., v. 

13, p. 361-362. 

269 Tengner, S., 1938, Uber Diselenide und Ditelluride von Eisen, Kobalt und Nickel: 

Zeitschr. Anorg. Allg. Chemie, v. 239, p. 126-132. 

270 Thomassen, L., 1929, Uber Kristallstrukturen einiger binarer Verbindungen der 

Platinmetalle II: Zeitschr. Phys. Chemie, v. 4B, p. 277-287. 

271 Tolliday, J., 1958, Crystal structure of 13-wollastonite: Nature, v. 182, p. 1012-

1013. 

272 Tombs, N. C., and Rooksby, H. P., 1951, Structure transition and 

antiferromagnetism in magnetite: Acta Cryst., v. 4, p. 474-475. 

273 Toulmin, P., 3d., 1963, Proustite-pyrargyrite solid solutions: Am. Mineralogist, 

v. 48, p. 725-736. 

274 Toulmin, P., 3d.,1962, Unpublished data. 

275 Turnock, A. C., and Eugster, H. P., 1962, Fe-Al oxides: phase relationships below 

l000°C: Jour. Petrology, v. 3, p. 533-565. 

276 Ulrich, F., and Zachariasen, W., 1925, Uber die Kristallstruktur des a- und -yCdS, sowie des Wurtzits: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 62, p. 260-273. 

277 Van Hook, H. J., and Keith, M. L., 1958, The system Fea0rMna04: Am. 

Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 69-83. 

278 Viswanthan, K., and Goshe, Subrata, 1965, The effect of Mg+ +Fe++ substitution 

on the cell dimensions of cummingtonites: Am. Mineralogist, v. 50, p. 1106-1112. 

279 Waldbaum, D. R.,1965, Private communication, Sept. 1, 1965. 

280 Waldbaum, D. R., 1966, Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Harvard Univ. 

281 Wang, R., Bradley, W. F., and Steinfink, H., 1965, 'rhe crystal structure of alunite: 

Acta Cryst., v. 18, p. 249-252. 

282 Wasserstein, B., 1951, Precision lattice measurements of galena: Am. Mineralogist, V. 36, p. 102-115. 

86 
283 Wiese, J. R., and Muldawer, L., 1960, Lattice constants of Bi2 Te3-Bi2Se3 solid 

solution alloys: Jour. Phys. Chern. Solids, v. 15, p. 13-16. 

284 Willis, B. T. M., and Rooksby, H. P., 1952, Crystal structure and anti 

ferromagnetism in haematite: Phys. Soc. London Proc., v. 65B, p. 950-954. 

285 Willis, B. T. M., and Rooksby, H. P., 1953. Change of structure of ferrous oxide 

at low temperature: Acta Cryst. v. 6, p. 827-831. 

286 Wilson, A. J. C., 1951, Structure Reports, v. 11, 1947-1948, International Union 

of Crystallography, Utrecht, N. V .A. Oosthoek's Uitgevers Mij. 

287 Winchell, H., and Leake, B. E., 1965, Regressions of refractive indices, density, 

and lattice constants on the composition of orthopyroxenes: Am. Mineralogist, v. 

50, abst., p. 294. 

288 Wolfe, C. W ., 1955, Crystallography of jadeite crystals from near Cloverdale, 

California: Am. Mineralogist, v. 40, p. 248-260. 

289 Wones, D. R., 1963, Phase relations of ferriannite KFe3FeSi30u10H2 : Am. Jour. 

Sci., v. 261, p. 581-596. 

290 W ones, D. R., 1963, Physical Properties of synthetic biotites on the join 

phlogopite-annite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 48, p. 1300-1321. 

291 Wones, D. R., and Appleman, D. E., 1963, Properties of iron-microcline with some 

observations on the iron-microcline =iron sanidine transition: Jour. Petrology, v. 

4, p. 131-137. 

292 Wuensch, B. J., 1964, The crystal structure of tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13: Zeitschr. 

Kristallographie, v. 119, p. 437-453. 

293 Yoder, H. S., Jr., and Eugster, H. P., 1954, Phlogopite synthesis and stability 

range: Geochim. et Cosmochim Acta, v. 6, p. 157-185. 

294 Yoder, H. S., Jr., and Eugster, H. P., !955, Synthetic and natural muscovites: 

Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta. v. 8, p. 255-277. 

295 Yoder, H. S., Jr., and Sahama, Th. G., 1957, Olivine X-ray determinative curve: 

Am. Mineralogist, v. 42, p. 475-491. 

296 Yund, R. A., 1959, The Ni-As-S System: Carnegie Inst. Washington. Geophys. 

Lab. Ann. Rept. Director, 1958-59. p. 148-153. 

297 Zachariasen, W. H., Plettinger, H. A., and Marezio, M., 1963, The structure and 

birefringence of hambergite. Be2B0 3 0H: Acta Cryst.. v. 16, p. 1144-1146. 

298 Zalkin, A., Ruben, H., and Templeton, D. H., 1964, The crystal structure and 

hydrogen bonding of magnesium sulfate hexahydrate: Acta Cryst., v. 17, p. 235-

240. 

299 Zen, E., Ross, M., and Bearth, P., 1964, Paragonite from Tasch valley near 

Zermatt, Switzerland: Am. Mineralogist, v. 49, p. 183-189. 

300 Zoltai, Tibor, and Buerger, M. J., 1959, The crystal structure of coesite, the dense 

high pressure form of silica: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 111, p. 129-141. 

301 Zussman, J., 1959, A re-examination of the structure of tremolite: Acta Cryst., 

V. 12. p. 309-312. 

87 

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967 0 - 267-094