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IN THE NEBRASKA COURT OF APPEALS

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND JUDGMENT ON APPEAL

IN RE GUARDIANSHIP & CONSERVATORSHIP OF GIVENTER

NOTICE: THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PERMANENT PUBLICATION

AND MAY NOT BE CITED EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY NEB. CT. R. APP. P. § 2-102(E).

IN RE GUARDIANSHIP AND CONSERVATORSHIP OF PEARL GIVENTER, A PROTECTED PERSON.

PEARL GIVENTER, APPELLANT,

V.

MARK MALOUSEK, GUARDIAN, ET AL., APPELLEES AND CROSS-APPELLEES, AND 

MARLYS LEBOWITZ AND PAUL GIVENTER, APPELLEES AND CROSS-APPELLANTS.

Filed April 9, 2013. Nos. A-11-806, A-11-974.

Appeal from the County Court for Douglas County: CRAIG Q. MCDERMOTT, Judge. 

Affirmed in part, and in part vacated and remanded with directions.

Edward F. Fogarty and John J. Gross, of Fogarty, Lund & Gross, for appellant.

Bryan S. Hatch, of Stinson, Morrison & Hecker, L.L.P., for appellee Wells Fargo 

Bank, NA.

James D. Sherrets and Diana J. Vogt, of Sherrets, Bruno & Vogt, L.L.C., for appellee 

Marlys Lebowitz.

Willliam E. Seidler, Jr., of Seidler & Seidler, P.C., for appellee Paul Giventer.

INBODY, Chief Judge, and SIEVERS and RIEDMANN, Judges.

INBODY, Chief Judge.

INTRODUCTION

Pearl Giventer (Giventer), a protected person, has appealed from an order of the Douglas 

County Court finding that her right to retain an attorney was limited, pursuant to Neb. Rev. Stat. 

§ 30-2620 (Reissue 2008), solely to challenging “the guardianship, the terms of the guardianship, 

or the actions of the guardian on behalf of the ward.” Giventer also appeals from the county 

court’s approval of the accounting and request for fees by the conservator, Wells Fargo Bank, 
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NA (Wells Fargo), and the county court’s denial of a request to remove or terminate Wells Fargo 

as conservator. Giventer’s children, Marlys Lebowitz and Paul Giventer, have both filed 

cross-appeals.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

This case presents an unfortunate set of circumstances surrounding Giventer, a 

91-year-old widow with Alzheimer’s and dementia who exhibits symptoms of cognitive decline 

and impairment, and two of her adult children at odds over Giventer’s estate.

Giventer has had a temporary guardian and conservator since July 2010. On December 3, 

2010, pursuant to an agreement among the parties, the county court found that Giventer had a 

sufficient level of incapacity to warrant appointment of a permanent guardian and conservator, 

and William G. Stevens was appointed as her permanent guardian. Wells Fargo was appointed as 

conservator “until a hearing is held on said matter.”

One month later, on January 3, 2011, Giventer executed a client noncontingent fee 

agreement with her current attorneys, Edward Fogarty and John Gross. The client noncontingent 

fee agreement set forth that Fogarty and Gross were hired to provide legal services to Giventer in 

the following matters: “PR10-1026, estate, guardianship and family/financial and 

conservatorship, recoupment of money ($250k?) will start appeal, defer pushing.” That same 

day, Fogarty and Gross filed an appeal on Giventer’s behalf, jointly with Giventer’s daughter, 

Lebowitz, challenging the validity of the guardianship and conservatorship that had been entered 

on December 3, 2010. That appeal, which was docketed in our court at case No. A-11-039, was 

dismissed in May 2011 for being premature. Giventer and Lebowitz have not pursued that 

appeal, and in her brief, Giventer admits that she and Lebowitz have abandoned any appeal of 

the December 3, 2010, order finding her incapacitated. In February 2011, Mark J. Malousek 

replaced Stevens as Giventer’s permanent guardian.

Facts Relating to Case No. A-11-806.

On January 7, 2011, Giventer’s son, Paul, filed a motion challenging the authority of 

Fogarty and Gross to act as attorneys for Giventer. Giventer filed a response with attachments 

consisting of her retainer contract and affidavits by Giventer and Fogarty.

On June 23, 2011, the county court entered an order granting Paul’s motion challenging 

Fogarty and Gross’ authority to act as attorneys for Giventer, finding that their representation of 

Giventer was limited to “the sole purpose of challenging the guardianship, the terms of the 

guardianship, or the actions of the guardian on behalf of the ward.” In this order, the county court 

also denied a pending motion to alter or amend filed by Lebowitz which sought, inter alia, to 

remove or terminate Wells Fargo as conservator.

In response, on June 30, 2011, Giventer filed a motion for ad hoc orders enabling her to 

fight attorney fees and costs in which she requested that the county court enter a formal order 

confirming her right to object to the fees and costs being sought. Giventer argued that the power 

to fight fees was “a term of the guardianship” and that her guardian had refused to fight fees, 

preferring to remain neutral. That same day, Giventer also moved for a new trial and/or rehearing 

or clarification on the basis that the county court had abruptly terminated the hearings on the 

lawyer authority issue without allowing Fogarty and Gross to address the areas in which 

Giventer needed her own counsel and without allowing Giventer to present evidence. On August 
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25, the county court denied the motions for new trial and/or rehearing or clarification and the 

motion for ad hoc orders enabling Giventer to fight fees. On September 16, Giventer timely 

appealed from the August 25 county court order, and the appeal was assigned Court of Appeals 

case No. A-11-806.

Facts Relating to Case No. A-11-974.

In September 2011, Wells Fargo, Giventer’s conservator and trustee, filed an annual 

accounting and statement of assets beginning July 20, 2010, and ending July 31, 2011, along 

with an application to approve the accounting. Wells Fargo also sought authorization to approve 

the conservator’s attorney fees for the time period of April 1 to July 31 in the amount of 

$9,437.50 and costs of $340.81. Giventer responded, objecting to the annual accounting and fee 

request, alleging that the county court lacked jurisdiction due to the appeal found at case No. 

A-11-806 in which the issue of attorney fees was raised; the fees were unreasonable, excessive, 

and unlawful; the accounting is incomplete because transactions and activity on the trust were 

not included; and the conservator and trustee refused to send Giventer’s attorneys the periodic 

report of the trust’s activities. A hearing thereon was held on October 20. Lebowitz did not file 

an objection, nor did she or her attorney attend the hearing. No evidence was received at the 

October 20 hearing.

On October 26, 2011, the county court entered an order granting an oral motion by Wells 

Fargo to strike Giventer’s response to Wells Fargo’s application to approve the annual 

accounting and fees. After taking judicial notice of the court’s prior order dated June 23, 2011, 

the court struck Giventer’s response because it did not challenge the guardianship, the terms of 

the guardianship, or the actions of the guardian. That same date, the county court entered an 

order finding that the annual accounting was true and correct and thereby approving it and 

authorizing payment of the attorney fees and costs requested. Fogarty and Gross filed an appeal 

on November 1, 2011, and the appeal has been docketed at case No. A-11-974.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

Giventer makes the following assignments of error, summarized and restated, on appeal: 

The county court erred in approving Wells Fargo’s accounting and application for fees and costs, 

in limiting her right to an attorney, in failing to remove Wells Fargo as conservator and trustee, 

in failing to grant her motion to fight attorney fees, and in various evidentiary rulings.

Paul has filed a cross-appeal alleging that the county court erred in its June 23, 2011, 

order by failing to disqualify Fogarty and Gross from representing Giventer in the guardianship 

and conservatorship proceeding.

Lebowitz has filed a cross-appeal contending that the county court erred in approving the 

annual conservatorship accounting and attorney fees, in depriving Giventer of her right to her 

own attorney, in failing to remove Wells Fargo as conservator and trustee, in approving attorney 

fees and costs without proof that they were necessary or reasonable, and in approving fees to 

which Giventer objected even if the guardian did not object.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Guardianship and conservatorship proceedings are reviewed for error appearing on the 

record. In re Conservatorship of Gibilisco, 277 Neb. 465, 763 N.W.2d 71 (2009). The inquiry is 
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whether the order conforms to the law, is supported by competent evidence, and is neither 

arbitrary, capricious, nor unreasonable. Id.

Statutory interpretation presents a question of law. Moyera v. Quality Pork Internat., 284 

Neb. 963, 825 N.W.2d 409 (2013). An appellate court independently reviews questions of law 

decided by a lower court. Id.

ANALYSIS

Giventer’s Appeal.

Giventer has alleged numerous assignments of error, including that the county court erred 

in approving Wells Fargo’s accounting and application for fees and costs, in failing to remove 

Wells Fargo as conservator and trustee, in failing to grant her motion to fight attorney fees, and 

in various evidentiary rulings. However, the more crucial issue is Giventer’s claim that the 

county court has limited her right to an attorney and denied her an opportunity to present her 

case in support of her retainer contract, legal needs, and choice of attorneys. Giventer argues that 

the county court’s order limiting Fogarty and Gross’ representation to challenging the 

guardianship, the terms of the guardianship, or the actions of the guardian on her behalf, 

“deprived and/or unlawfully interfered with her right to an attorney she [had] contracted with to 

advise her on conservatorship matters, family matters, will[-]making matters, estate matters, 

protesting fees, and . . . other legal needs she has.” Brief for appellant in case No. A-11-806 at 2. 

We specifically note that Giventer has not asserted that § 30-2620 was unconstitutional.

Section 30-2620(9) provides, in part, “[a]fter appointment, the ward may retain an 

attorney for the sole purpose of challenging the guardianship, the terms of the guardianship, or 

the actions of the guardian on behalf of the ward.” This statute was amended in 2011; following 

the amendment, the quoted language remained unchanged but was moved to subsection (b) of 

the same statute. See § 30-2620(b) (Cum. Supp. 2012).

When a person [has been] adjudicated incompetent . . . “[t]he necessary effect . . . 

is that the ward is in law . . . incapable of taking care of himself, as to all the world.” . . . 

The permanent guardian stands in the place of the ward in making decisions about the 

ward’s well-being, and the guardian is held to high standards of fidelity in exercising this 

authority for the ward’s benefit.

In re Guardianship of Hocker, 439 Mass. 709, 714, 791 N.E.2d 302, 307 (2003). See, also, In re 

Disciplinary Action Against Kuhn, 785 N.W.2d 195 (N.D. 2010) (where North Dakota Supreme 

Court suspended lawyer from practice of law for drafting new will for incapacitated ward 

without first communicating with ward’s guardian where attorney knew of ward’s incapacity).

Although Giventer argues that the court’s order has limited her right to an attorney, the 

court’s order does not deprive her of the ability to retain independent counsel. Pursuant to 

§ 30-2620, a ward may retain independent counsel for the purposes set forth in the statute. 

Further, the county court’s order did not affect Giventer’s statutory or due process rights of 

access to the courts as the guardian retains authority to make decisions on Giventer’s behalf and 

Giventer remains free to challenge the guardianship or its terms or the guardian’s actions on her 

behalf.

In sum, the county court appropriately determined that Fogarty and Gross’ representation 

of Giventer was limited in scope to challenging the guardianship, the terms of the guardianship, 
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or the actions of the guardian on behalf of the ward pursuant to § 30-2620. Further, because the 

issues raised by Fogarty and Gross do not address any of those statutorily authorized challenges, 

there exists no statutory authority for their intervention in these proceedings. As a result, we 

decline to address the remaining assignments of error raised in Giventer’s briefs on appeal.

Paul’s Cross-Appeal.

Paul’s cross-appeal alleges that the county court erred in its June 23, 2011, order by 

failing to disqualify Fogarty and Gross from representing Giventer in the guardianship and 

conservatorship proceeding. As we previously noted in this opinion, § 30-2620 specifically 

provides for a ward to retain an attorney for the sole purpose of challenging the guardianship, the 

terms of the guardianship, or the actions of the guardian on behalf of the ward. Further, Paul 

contends that Fogarty and Gross should be disqualified from representing Giventer because they 

had represented, or were representing, an adverse party, i.e., Lebowitz. Paul directs this court to 

the January 3, 2011, filing of the joint notice of appeal as evidence of a conflict of interest. We 

note that, although the notice of appeal was filed jointly by Giventer and Lebowitz, the notice 

was signed by Fogarty on behalf of Giventer and was signed by W. Patrick Betterman on behalf 

of Lebowitz. Thus, the record does not support Paul’s claim that Fogarty and Gross have 

represented or are representing Lebowitz.

Finally, we address Paul’s claim that Fogarty and Gross could not enter into an 

agreement with Giventer because she was unable to give informed consent and they did not 

obtain the consent of Giventer’s guardian and/or conservator prior to undertaking representation 

of her. See Neb. Ct. R. of Prof. Cond. § 3-501.14, comment 4 (comment to section entitled 

“Client with diminished capacity” states that “[i]f a legal representative has already been 

appointed for the client, the lawyer should ordinarily look to the representative for decisions on 

behalf of the client”). However, § 30-2620 does not provide that consent from the ward’s 

guardian or conservator must be obtained prior to the ward’s retaining an attorney for the limited 

purposes set forth therein. For these reasons, we reject Paul’s assignment of error.

Lebowitz’ Cross-Appeal.

Lebowitz has filed a cross-appeal contending that the county court erred in depriving 

Giventer of her right to her own attorney. Having addressed this issue previously in this opinion 

and finding it to be without merit, we likewise reject Lebowitz’ assigned error.

Lebowitz also assigns as error, consolidated and restated, that the county court erred in 

approving the annual conservatorship accounting and attorney fees and in failing to remove 

Wells Fargo as conservator and trustee. We note that although Lebowitz contends on appeal that 

the county court erred in failing to remove Wells Fargo as trustee, the removal of Wells Fargo as 

trustee was not raised before the county court; rather, Lebowitz sought to remove Wells Fargo as 

conservator and that request was denied. Since the issue of removing Wells Fargo as trustee was 

not before the county court, it could not commit error in failing to rule on this issue. When an 

issue is raised for the first time in an appellate court, it will be disregarded inasmuch as a lower 

court cannot commit error in resolving an issue never presented and submitted to it for 

disposition. State v. Nadeem, 284 Neb. 513, 822 N.W.2d 372 (2012).

Good cause for removal of a conservator exists (1) when removal would be in the best 

interests of the protected person’s estate, (2) if the conservator or the person seeking his or her 
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appointment intentionally misrepresented material facts in the proceeding leading up to the 

appointment, (3) if the conservator has disregarded an order of the court, (4) if the conservator 

has become incapable of discharging the duties of the office, (5) if the conservator has 

mismanaged the estate, or (6) if the conservator has failed to perform any duty pertaining to the 

office. In re Conservatorship of Estate of Marsh, 5 Neb. App. 899, 566 N.W.2d 783 (1997).

Lebowitz contends that Wells Fargo should be removed based upon the first, fifth, and 

sixth factors set forth in Marsh, supra. In her brief, she references the transcript to provide 

examples of instances where Wells Fargo has failed in its duties, but she does not cite to any 

evidence contained in the bill of exceptions. Under the system prevailing in Nebraska, the bill of 

exceptions is used to present factual evidence to an appellate court, and the transcript is used to 

present pleadings and orders of the case to the appellate court. City of Lincoln v. Nebraska Pub. 

Power Dist., 9 Neb. App. 465, 614 N.W.2d 359 (2000). Appellate courts cannot rely upon 

information in the transcript to establish facts, even a stipulation of facts. Id. A bill of exceptions 

is the only vehicle for bringing evidence before an appellate court; evidence which is not made a 

part of the bill of exceptions may not be considered. Bedore v. Ranch Oil Co., 282 Neb. 553, 805 

N.W.2d 68 (2011).

Lebowitz has not identified any portions of the lengthy bill of exceptions to support her 

claim that Wells Fargo should be removed as conservator. It is not the function of an appellate 

court to scour the record looking for evidence to support errors assigned by the parties. See 

Genthon v. Kratville, 270 Neb. 74, 701 N.W.2d 334 (2005). Since Lebowitz has not identified 

any evidence contained within the bill of exceptions supporting her argument that Wells Fargo 

should be removed as conservator, we reject this assignment of error.

Finally, we address Lebowitz’ claim that the county court erred in approving the annual 

conservatorship accounting and attorney fees. Our review of the record in this case reveals that 

although Lebowitz had notice of the request for approval of the accounting and attorney fees, she 

did not file a written objection, nor did she or her attorney attend the hearing. Thus, the only 

objection to the annual conservatorship accounting and request for attorney fees was filed by 

Giventer’s attorneys, Fogarty and Gross, who we have determined were limited in their 

representation of Giventer pursuant to § 30-2620, which specifically provides for a ward to retain 

an attorney for the sole purpose of challenging the guardianship, the terms of the guardianship, 

or the actions of the guardian on behalf of the ward. Because the objections posed by Fogarty 

and Gross did not fall within the limits of the scope of representation allowed by § 30-2620, 

there were no valid written objections filed to the accounting and request for attorney fees, nor 

were there any oral objections made at the hearing thereon.

The failure to make a timely objection waives the right to assert prejudicial error on 

appeal. State v. Nadeem, 284 Neb. 513, 822 N.W.2d 372 (2012). Since there was no objection to 

either the accounting or the attorney fees before the county court, this issue has been waived. 

However, in our review of the record during our consideration of this appeal, we reviewed the 

record of the October 20, 2011, hearing on Wells Fargo’s motion to approve the annual 

accounting and fees, and noted that Wells Fargo offered no testimony or evidence in support of 

its request for attorney fees. An appellate court’s standard of review of probate cases, in the 

absence of an equity question, is whether the decision conforms to the law, is supported by 
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competent evidence, and is neither arbitrary, capricious, nor unreasonable. In re Conservatorship 

of Gibilisco, 277 Neb. 465, 763 N.W.2d 71 (2009).

In In re Trust of Rosenberg, 269 Neb. 310, 693 N.W.2d 500 (2005), the Nebraska 

Supreme Court considered a case wherein the county court approved the payment of attorney and 

trustee fees and costs. Finding that there had been no witness testimony and essentially no 

evidence adduced to support the trustee’s request for fees and costs, the court vacated the award 

of fees as not supported by competent evidence and remanded the matter with directions to hold 

an evidentiary hearing. Similarly, in In re Trust of Crawford, 20 Neb. App. 502, 826 N.W.2d 284 

(2013), this court vacated an award of accounting fees, finding the award was not supported by 

competent evidence where no witnesses testified and no evidence was received to support 

payment of the fees.

In the instant case, at the October 20, 2011, hearing on Wells Fargo’s motion to approve 

the annual accounting and attorney fees, Wells Fargo offered no testimony or evidence in 

support of its request for attorney fees. There was no evidence presented to the county court 

regarding the per hour charges of Wells Fargo’s attorneys, the amount of time spent for which 

charges were submitted, and no documentation regarding the services provided for which fees 

were sought. Because no evidence was received in support of the request for attorney fees, the 

court’s order awarding attorney fees and costs was not supported by competent evidence. 

Likewise, there was no evidence adduced in support of Wells Fargo’s motion to approve the 

accounting--not even a copy of the accounting was submitted into evidence. Therefore, we 

vacate the portion of the court’s order approving the accounting and attorney fees and remand 

the matter to the county court with directions to hold an evidentiary hearing.

CONCLUSION

Because the issues raised by Fogarty and Gross do not fall within the challenges allowed 

by statute, there exists no statutory authority for their intervention in these proceedings, and we 

decline to address their assigned errors. We further reject the issue raised by Paul’s cross-appeal. 

We find that the issues raised by Lebowitz’ cross-appeal are either waived or without merit; 

however, because the county court’s order awarded attorney fees and approval of the accounting, 

but such awards were not supported by competent evidence, we vacate the award of attorney fees 

and the approval of the accounting and remand the matter to the county court with directions to 

hold an evidentiary hearing.

AFFIRMED IN PART, AND IN PART VACATED 

AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS.