10B-i

APPENDIX 10B. NATIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS AND NET NATIONAL

PRESENT VALUE RESULTS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

10B.1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS ..................................................................................10B-1

10B.1.1 Liquid-Immersed Summary ...................................................................................10B-1

10B.1.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Summary .........................................................................10B-2

10B.1.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Summary ...................................................................10B-3

10B.2 0 PERCENT LOAD GROWTH, LIQUID-IMMERSED (0 PERCENT DRYTYPE) ....................................................................................................................10B-4

10B.2.4 Low Price Elasticity Scenario ................................................................................10B-4

10B.2.4.2 3 Percent Discount Rate ...................................................................... 10B-6

10B.2.4.1 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-12

10B.2.5 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario ........................................................................10B-19

10B.2.5.2 3 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-20

10B.2.5.3 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-27

10B.2.6 High Price Elasticity Scenario .............................................................................10B-33

10B.2.6.2 3 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-35

10B.2.6.3 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-41

10B.2.7 Low Economic Growth Scenario .........................................................................10B-48

10B.2.7.2 3 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-50

10B.2.7.3 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-56

10B.2.8 High Economic Growth Scenario ........................................................................10B-63

10B.2.8.2 3 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-64

10B.2.8.3 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-71

10B.2.9 Low Price Trend Scenario ...................................................................................10B-77

10B.2.9.2 3 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-79

10B.2.9.3 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-85

10B.2.10 High Price Trend Scenario ...................................................................................10B-92

10B.2.10.23 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................... 10B-93

10B.2.10.37 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-100

10B.3 1 PERCENT LOAD GROWTH, LIQUID-IMMERSED (0 PERCENT DRYTYPE) ................................................................................................................10B-107

10B.3.11 Low Price Elasticity Scenario ............................................................................10B-107

10B.3.11.23 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-109

10B.3.11.37 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-115

10B.3.12 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario ......................................................................10B-122

10B.3.12.23 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-123

10B.3.12.37 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-130

10B.3.13 High Price Elasticity Scenario ...........................................................................10B-136

10B.3.13.23 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-138

10B.3.13.37 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-144

10B.3.14 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario ...............10B-151

10B.3.14.23 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-152

10B.3.14.37 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-159
10B-ii

10B.3.15 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario ..............10B-165

10B.3.15.23 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-167

10B.3.15.37 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-173

10B.3.16 Low Price Trend Scenario .................................................................................10B-180

10B.3.16.23 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-181

10B.3.16.37 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-188

10B.3.17 High Price Trend Scenario .................................................................................10B-194

10B.3.17.23 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-196

10B.3.17.37 Percent Discount Rate .................................................................. 10B-202

LIST OF TABLES

Table 10B.2.1 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............................................10B-6

Table 10B.2.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...................................10B-6

Table 10B.2.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................10B-7

Table 10B.2.4 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............................................................10B-7

Table 10B.2.5 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............................................................10B-8

Table 10B.2.6 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............................................................10B-8

Table 10B.2.7 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............................................................10B-9

Table 10B.2.8 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............................................................10B-9

Table 10B.2.9 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-10

Table 10B.2.10 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-10

Table 10B.2.11 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-11

Table 10B.2.12 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-11

Table 10B.2.13 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-12

Table 10B.2.14 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................10B-12

Table 10B.2.15 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................10B-13

Table 10B.2.16 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................10B-13

Table 10B.2.17 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-14
10B-iii

Table 10B.2.18 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-14

Table 10B.2.19 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-15

Table 10B.2.20 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-15

Table 10B.2.21 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-16

Table 10B.2.22 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-16

Table 10B.2.23 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-17

Table 10B.2.24 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-17

Table 10B.2.25 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-18

Table 10B.2.26 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-18

Table 10B.2.27 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .................................10B-20

Table 10B.2.28 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...................10B-21

Table 10B.2.29 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...................10B-21

Table 10B.2.30 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-22

Table 10B.2.31 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-22

Table 10B.2.32 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-23

Table 10B.2.33 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-23

Table 10B.2.34 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-24

Table 10B.2.35 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-24

Table 10B.2.36 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-25

Table 10B.2.37 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-25

Table 10B.2.38 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-26

Table 10B.2.39 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-26

Table 10B.2.40 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................10B-27
10B-iv

Table 10B.2.41 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...................10B-27

Table 10B.2.42 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...................10B-28

Table 10B.2.43 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-28

Table 10B.2.44 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-29

Table 10B.2.45 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-29

Table 10B.2.46 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-30

Table 10B.2.47 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-30

Table 10B.2.48 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-31

Table 10B.2.49 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-31

Table 10B.2.50 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-32

Table 10B.2.51 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-32

Table 10B.2.52 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-33

Table 10B.2.53 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................10B-35

Table 10B.2.54 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .................................10B-35

Table 10B.2.55 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ........................10B-36

Table 10B.2.56 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-36

Table 10B.2.57 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-37

Table 10B.2.58 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-37

Table 10B.2.59 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-38

Table 10B.2.60 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-38

Table 10B.2.61 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-39

Table 10B.2.62 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-39

Table 10B.2.63 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-40
10B-v

Table 10B.2.64 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-40

Table 10B.2.65 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-41

Table 10B.2.66 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................10B-41

Table 10B.2.67 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .................................10B-42

Table 10B.2.68 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ........................10B-42

Table 10B.2.69 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-43

Table 10B.2.70 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-43

Table 10B.2.71 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-44

Table 10B.2.72 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-44

Table 10B.2.73 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-45

Table 10B.2.74 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-46

Table 10B.2.75 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-46

Table 10B.2.76 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-47

Table 10B.2.77 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-47

Table 10B.2.78 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...........................................................10B-48

Table 10B.2.79 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate ...........................................................................................10B-50

Table 10B.2.80 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-50

Table 10B.2.81 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-51

Table 10B.2.82 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-51

Table 10B.2.83 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-52

Table 10B.2.84 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-52
10B-vi

Table 10B.2.85 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-53

Table 10B.2.86 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-53

Table 10B.2.87 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-54

Table 10B.2.88 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-54

Table 10B.2.89 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-55

Table 10B.2.90 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-55

Table 10B.2.91 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-56

Table 10B.2.92 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate ...........................................................................................10B-56

Table 10B.2.93 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-57

Table 10B.2.94 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-57

Table 10B.2.95 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-58

Table 10B.2.96 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-58

Table 10B.2.97 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-59

Table 10B.2.98 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-59

Table 10B.2.99 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-60

Table 10B.2.100 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-60

Table 10B.2.101 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-61

Table 10B.2.102 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-61

Table 10B.2.103 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-62

Table 10B.2.104 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....10B-62

Table 10B.2.105 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate ...........................................................................................10B-64
10B-vii

Table 10B.2.106 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-65

Table 10B.2.107 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-65

Table 10B.2.108 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-66

Table 10B.2.109 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-66

Table 10B.2.110 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-67

Table 10B.2.111 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-67

Table 10B.2.112 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-68

Table 10B.2.113 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-68

Table 10B.2.114 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-69

Table 10B.2.115 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-69

Table 10B.2.116 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-70

Table 10B.2.117 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-70

Table 10B.2.118 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate ...........................................................................................10B-71

Table 10B.2.119 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-71

Table 10B.2.120 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-72

Table 10B.2.121 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-72

Table 10B.2.122 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-73

Table 10B.2.123 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-73

Table 10B.2.124 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-74

Table 10B.2.125 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-74
10B-viii

Table 10B.2.126 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-75

Table 10B.2.127 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-75

Table 10B.2.128 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-76

Table 10B.2.129 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-76

Table 10B.2.130 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...10B-77

Table 10B.2.131 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate ...........................................................................................10B-79

Table 10B.2.132 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-79

Table 10B.2.133 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-80

Table 10B.2.134 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-80

Table 10B.2.135 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-81

Table 10B.2.136 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-81

Table 10B.2.137 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-82

Table 10B.2.138 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-82

Table 10B.2.139 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-83

Table 10B.2.140 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-83

Table 10B.2.141 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-84

Table 10B.2.142 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-84

Table 10B.2.143 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-85

Table 10B.2.144 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate ...........................................................................................10B-85

Table 10B.2.145 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-86
10B-ix

Table 10B.2.146 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-86

Table 10B.2.147 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-87

Table 10B.2.148 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-87

Table 10B.2.149 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-88

Table 10B.2.150 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-88

Table 10B.2.151 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-89

Table 10B.2.152 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-89

Table 10B.2.153 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-90

Table 10B.2.154 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-90

Table 10B.2.155 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-91

Table 10B.2.156 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............10B-91

Table 10B.2.157 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate ...........................................................................................10B-93

Table 10B.2.158 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-94

Table 10B.2.159 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ..............................................................................10B-94

Table 10B.2.160 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-95

Table 10B.2.161 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-95

Table 10B.2.162 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-96

Table 10B.2.163 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-96

Table 10B.2.164 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-97

Table 10B.2.165 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-97

Table 10B.2.166 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-98
10B-x

Table 10B.2.167 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-98

Table 10B.2.168 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-99

Table 10B.2.169 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..............10B-99

Table 10B.2.170 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-100

Table 10B.2.171 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-100

Table 10B.2.172 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-101

Table 10B.2.173 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-101

Table 10B.2.174 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-102

Table 10B.2.175 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-102

Table 10B.2.176 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-103

Table 10B.2.177 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-103

Table 10B.2.178 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-104

Table 10B.2.179 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-104

Table 10B.2.180 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-105

Table 10B.2.181 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-105

Table 10B.2.182 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-106

Table 10B.3.1 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................10B-109

Table 10B.3.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............................10B-109

Table 10B.3.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .......................10B-110

Table 10B.3.4 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-110

Table 10B.3.5 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-111
10B-xi

Table 10B.3.6 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-111

Table 10B.3.7 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-112

Table 10B.3.8 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-112

Table 10B.3.9 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-113

Table 10B.3.10 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-113

Table 10B.3.11 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-114

Table 10B.3.12 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-114

Table 10B.3.13 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-115

Table 10B.3.14 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................10B-115

Table 10B.3.15 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............................10B-116

Table 10B.3.16 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .......................10B-116

Table 10B.3.17 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-117

Table 10B.3.18 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-117

Table 10B.3.19 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-118

Table 10B.3.20 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-118

Table 10B.3.21 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-119

Table 10B.3.22 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-119

Table 10B.3.23 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-120

Table 10B.3.24 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-120

Table 10B.3.25 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-121

Table 10B.3.26 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-121

Table 10B.3.27 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............................10B-123

Table 10B.3.28 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .................10B-124
10B-xii

Table 10B.3.29 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .................10B-124

Table 10B.3.30 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-125

Table 10B.3.31 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-125

Table 10B.3.32 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-126

Table 10B.3.33 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-126

Table 10B.3.34 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-127

Table 10B.3.35 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-127

Table 10B.3.36 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-128

Table 10B.3.37 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-128

Table 10B.3.38 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-129

Table 10B.3.39 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-129

Table 10B.3.40 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............................10B-130

Table 10B.3.41 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .................10B-130

Table 10B.3.42 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .................10B-131

Table 10B.3.43 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-131

Table 10B.3.44 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-132

Table 10B.3.45 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-132

Table 10B.3.46 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-133

Table 10B.3.47 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-133

Table 10B.3.48 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-134

Table 10B.3.49 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-134

Table 10B.3.50 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-135

Table 10B.3.51 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-135
10B-xiii

Table 10B.3.52 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-136

Table 10B.3.53 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................10B-138

Table 10B.3.54 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...............................10B-138

Table 10B.3.55 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ......................10B-139

Table 10B.3.56 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-139

Table 10B.3.57 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-140

Table 10B.3.58 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-140

Table 10B.3.59 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-141

Table 10B.3.60 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-141

Table 10B.3.61 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-142

Table 10B.3.62 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-142

Table 10B.3.63 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-143

Table 10B.3.64 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-143

Table 10B.3.65 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-144

Table 10B.3.66 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................10B-144

Table 10B.3.67 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...............................10B-145

Table 10B.3.68 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ......................10B-145

Table 10B.3.69 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-146

Table 10B.3.70 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-146

Table 10B.3.71 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-147

Table 10B.3.72 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-147

Table 10B.3.73 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-148

Table 10B.3.74 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-148
10B-xiv

Table 10B.3.75 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-149

Table 10B.3.76 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-149

Table 10B.3.77 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-150

Table 10B.3.78 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .........................................................10B-150

Table 10B.3.79 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-152

Table 10B.3.80 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-153

Table 10B.3.81 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-153

Table 10B.3.82 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-154

Table 10B.3.83 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-154

Table 10B.3.84 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-155

Table 10B.3.85 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-155

Table 10B.3.86 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-156

Table 10B.3.87 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-156

Table 10B.3.88 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-157

Table 10B.3.89 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-157

Table 10B.3.90 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-158

Table 10B.3.91 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-158

Table 10B.3.92 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-159

Table 10B.3.93 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-159

Table 10B.3.94 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-160
10B-xv

Table 10B.3.95 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-160

Table 10B.3.96 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-161

Table 10B.3.97 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-161

Table 10B.3.98 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-162

Table 10B.3.99 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-162

Table 10B.3.100 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-163

Table 10B.3.101 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-163

Table 10B.3.102 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-164

Table 10B.3.103 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-164

Table 10B.3.104 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ..10B-165

Table 10B.3.105 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-167

Table 10B.3.106 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-167

Table 10B.3.107 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-168

Table 10B.3.108 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-168

Table 10B.3.109 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-169

Table 10B.3.110 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-169

Table 10B.3.111 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-170

Table 10B.3.112 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-170

Table 10B.3.113 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-171

Table 10B.3.114 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-171

Table 10B.3.115 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-172
10B-xvi

Table 10B.3.116 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-172

Table 10B.3.117 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .10B-173

Table 10B.3.118 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-173

Table 10B.3.119 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-174

Table 10B.3.120 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-174

Table 10B.3.121 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-175

Table 10B.3.122 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-175

Table 10B.3.123 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-176

Table 10B.3.124 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-176

Table 10B.3.125 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-177

Table 10B.3.126 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-177

Table 10B.3.127 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-178

Table 10B.3.128 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-178

Table 10B.3.129 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-179

Table 10B.3.130 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .10B-179

Table 10B.3.131 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-181

Table 10B.3.132 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-182

Table 10B.3.133 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-182

Table 10B.3.134 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-183

Table 10B.3.135 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-183
10B-xvii

Table 10B.3.136 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-184

Table 10B.3.137 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-184

Table 10B.3.138 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-185

Table 10B.3.139 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-185

Table 10B.3.140 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-186

Table 10B.3.141 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-186

Table 10B.3.142 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-187

Table 10B.3.143 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-187

Table 10B.3.144 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-188

Table 10B.3.145 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-188

Table 10B.3.146 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-189

Table 10B.3.147 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-189

Table 10B.3.148 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-190

Table 10B.3.149 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-190

Table 10B.3.150 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-191

Table 10B.3.151 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-191

Table 10B.3.152 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-192

Table 10B.3.153 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-192

Table 10B.3.154 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-193

Table 10B.3.155 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-193

Table 10B.3.156 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .............10B-194
10B-xviii

Table 10B.3.157 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-196

Table 10B.3.158 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-196

Table 10B.3.159 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-197

Table 10B.3.160 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-197

Table 10B.3.161 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-198

Table 10B.3.162 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-198

Table 10B.3.163 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-199

Table 10B.3.164 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-199

Table 10B.3.165 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-200

Table 10B.3.166 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-200

Table 10B.3.167 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-201

Table 10B.3.168 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-201

Table 10B.3.169 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-202

Table 10B.3.170 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate .........................................................................................10B-202

Table 10B.3.171 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-203

Table 10B.3.172 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 

Percent Discount Rate ............................................................................10B-203

Table 10B.3.173 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-204

Table 10B.3.174 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-204

Table 10B.3.175 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-205

Table 10B.3.176 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-205
10B-xix

Table 10B.3.177 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-206

Table 10B.3.178 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-206

Table 10B.3.179 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-207

Table 10B.3.180 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-207

Table 10B.3.181 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-208

Table 10B.3.182 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............10B-208

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 10B.1.1 Liquid-Immersed: Net Present Value (3% and 7% Discount Rate) 

versus Primary Energy Savings .................................................................10B-1

Figure 10B.1.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type: Net Present Value (3% and 7% Discount 

Rate) versus Primary Energy Savings ........................................................10B-2

Figure 10B.1.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type: Net Present Value (3% and 7% Discount 

Rate) versus Primary Energy Savings ........................................................10B-3

Figure 10B.2.1 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario .....................................................................................10B-4

Figure 10B.2.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario ............................................................................10B-5

Figure 10B.2.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario ....................................................................10B-5

Figure 10B.2.4 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario ..........................................................................10B-19

Figure 10B.2.5 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario ............................................................10B-19

Figure 10B.2.6 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario ............................................................10B-20

Figure 10B.2.7 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario ...................................................................................10B-33

Figure 10B.2.8 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario ..........................................................................10B-34

Figure 10B.2.9 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario .................................................................10B-34

Figure 10B.2.10 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario ...................10B-48

Figure 10B.2.11 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario .....10B-49

Figure 10B.2.12 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario .....10B-49
10B-xx

Figure 10B.2.13 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario ...................10B-63

Figure 10B.2.14 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario ....10B-63

Figure 10B.2.15 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario ....10B-64

Figure 10B.2.16 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario ..............................10B-77

Figure 10B.2.17 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario ................10B-78

Figure 10B.2.18 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario ................10B-78

Figure 10B.2.19 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario .............................10B-92

Figure 10B.2.20 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario ...............10B-92

Figure 10B.2.21 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario ...............10B-93

Figure 10B.3.1 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario .................................................................................10B-107

Figure 10B.3.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario ........................................................................10B-108

Figure 10B.3.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario ................................................................10B-108

Figure 10B.3.4 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario ........................................................................10B-122

Figure 10B.3.5 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario ..........................................................10B-122

Figure 10B.3.6 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario ..........................................................10B-123

Figure 10B.3.7 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario .................................................................................10B-136

Figure 10B.3.8 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario ........................................................................10B-137

Figure 10B.3.9 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario ...............................................................10B-137

Figure 10B.3.10 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario .................10B-151

Figure 10B.3.11 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario ...10B-151

Figure 10B.3.12 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario ...10B-152

Figure 10B.3.13 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario .................10B-165

Figure 10B.3.14 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario ..10B-166
10B-xxi

Figure 10B.3.15 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario ..10B-166

Figure 10B.3.16 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario ............................10B-180

Figure 10B.3.17 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario ..............10B-180

Figure 10B.3.18 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario ..............10B-181

Figure 10B.3.19 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario ...........................10B-194

Figure 10B.3.20 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario .............10B-195

Figure 10B.3.21 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario .............10B-195
10B-1

APPENDIX 10B. NATIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS AND NET NATIONAL PRESENT 

VALUE RESULTS

10B.1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS

10B.1.1 Liquid-Immersed Summary

Figure 10B.1.1 Liquid-Immersed: Net Present Value (3% and 7% 

Discount Rate) versus Primary Energy Savings 

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Net Present Value (Billion $)

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

3% Discount Rate

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Net Present Value (Billion $)

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

7% Discount Rate

0% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Low Economic Growth

0% Load Growth, High Economic Growth

0% Load Growth, Low Price Trend

0% Load Growth, High Price Trend

1% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, Low Economic Growth

1% Load Growth, High Economic Growth

1% Load Growth, Low Price Trend

1% Load Growth, High Price Trend
10B-2

10B.1.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Summary

Figure 10B.1.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type: Net Present Value (3% and 

7% Discount Rate) versus Primary Energy Savings 

-5

-3

-1

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

Net Present Value (Billion $)

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

3% Discount Rate

-5

-3

-1

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

Net Present Value (Billion $)

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

7% Discount Rate

0% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Low Economic Growth

0% Load Growth, High Economic Growth

0% Load Growth, Low Price Trend

0% Load Growth, High Price Trend

1% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, Low Economic Growth

1% Load Growth, High Economic Growth

1% Load Growth, Low Price Trend

1% Load Growth, High Price Trend
10B-3

10B.1.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Summary

Figure 10B.1.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type: Net Present Value (3% 

and 7% Discount Rate) versus Primary Energy 

Savings 

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Net Present Value (Billion $)

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

3% Discount Rate

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Net Present Value (Billion $)

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

7% Discount Rate

0% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Low Economic Growth

0% Load Growth, High Economic Growth

0% Load Growth, Low Price Trend

0% Load Growth, High Price Trend

1% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, Low Economic Growth

1% Load Growth, High Economic Growth

1% Load Growth, Low Price Trend

1% Load Growth, High Price Trend
10B-4

10B.2 0 PERCENT LOAD GROWTH, LIQUID-IMMERSED (0 PERCENT DRYTYPE)

10B.2.4 Low Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.2.1 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-5

Figure 10B.2.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.2.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-6

10B.2.4.2 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.1 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.70 -5.27 -5.48 -8.92 -9.43 -13.20 -46.86

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 65.53 6.65 11.69 12.55 20.78 20.66 23.36 33.96

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.94 2.09 3.57 3.55 4.08 6.15

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.94 6.42 7.07 11.87 11.22 10.16 -12.90

Table 10B.2.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.04 -2.05 -3.54 -6.42 -8.73 -17.73

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.43 11.10 13.95 20.15 20.62 22.97

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.41 4.51 5.00

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.39 9.06 10.41 13.73 11.89 5.24
10B-7

Table 10B.2.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.164 -0.481 -1.26 -1.26 -3.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.657 1.27 2.39 2.39 3.76

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.287 0.532 0.532 0.851

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.493 0.788 1.13 1.13 -0.200

Table 10B.2.4 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.18 -3.75 -3.76 -5.47 -6.39 -8.55 -30.25

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.59 1.65 6.69 6.75 10.57 11.00 12.09 17.12

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.299 1.12 1.13 1.82 1.91 2.13 3.13

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.463 2.94 2.99 5.10 4.61 3.54 -13.13
10B-8

Table 10B.2.5 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.52 -1.52 -1.72 -3.44 -3.04 -4.65 -16.61

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.94 5.00 5.00 5.80 10.21 9.66 11.27 16.84

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.812 0.812 0.960 1.75 1.64 1.95 3.02

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.48 3.48 4.08 6.77 6.61 6.62 0.230

Table 10B.2.6 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.257 -0.450 -0.450 -0.993

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.484 0.663 0.663 0.746

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.145 0.145 0.163

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.227 0.213 0.213 -0.247
10B-9

Table 10B.2.7 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.04 -2.05 -3.28 -5.97 -8.28 -16.74

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.43 11.10 13.47 19.49 19.95 22.23

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.95 4.27 4.37 4.84

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.39 9.06 10.19 13.51 11.67 5.49

Table 10B.2.8 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0070

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0069

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 -0.0001
10B-10

Table 10B.2.9 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.510

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.142 0.458

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.105

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.090 0.093 0.093 -0.052

Table 10B.2.10 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.012

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0076 0.0076 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0020 0.0034 0.0034 -0.0005
10B-11

Table 10B.2.11 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.153 -0.387 -1.16 -1.16 -3.20

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.553 1.04 2.15 2.15 3.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.478 0.478 0.686

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.401 0.654 0.987 0.987 -0.171

Table 10B.2.12 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0016

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
10B-12

Table 10B.2.13 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.045 -0.045 -0.045 -0.225

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.248

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.019 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.023

10B.2.4.1 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.14 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.49 -2.91 -3.03 -4.93 -5.21 -7.29 -25.89

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 22.42 2.27 4.00 4.29 7.11 7.07 7.99 11.62

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.94 2.09 3.57 3.55 4.08 6.15

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.780 1.09 1.27 2.19 1.86 0.700 -14.27
10B-13

Table 10B.2.15 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.13 -1.14 -1.96 -3.56 -4.84 -9.83

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.58 3.81 4.79 6.92 7.08 7.88

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.41 4.51 5.00

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.45 2.68 2.83 3.36 2.24 -1.94

Table 10B.2.16 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.266 -0.699 -0.699 -2.19

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.435 0.819 0.819 1.29

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.287 0.532 0.532 0.851

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.135 0.169 0.120 0.120 -0.903
10B-14

Table 10B.2.17 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.655 -2.07 -2.08 -3.02 -3.53 -4.72 -16.71

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.15 0.564 2.29 2.31 3.62 3.76 4.14 5.86

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.299 1.12 1.13 1.82 1.91 2.13 3.13

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.091 0.217 0.233 0.592 0.234 -0.585 -10.85

Table 10B.2.18 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.839 -0.839 -0.948 -1.90 -1.68 -2.57 -9.18

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.27 1.71 1.71 1.98 3.49 3.30 3.86 5.76

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.812 0.812 0.960 1.75 1.64 1.95 3.02

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.871 0.871 1.04 1.59 1.62 1.29 -3.41
10B-15

Table 10B.2.19 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.142 -0.249 -0.249 -0.550

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.166 0.228 0.228 0.256

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.145 0.145 0.163

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.024 -0.022 -0.022 -0.294

Table 10B.2.20 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.13 -1.14 -1.82 -3.31 -4.59 -9.28

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.58 3.81 4.62 6.69 6.85 7.63

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.95 4.27 4.37 4.84

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.45 2.68 2.80 3.38 2.26 -1.65
10B-16

Table 10B.2.21 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0039

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0015

Table 10B.2.22 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.283

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.049 0.049 0.157

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.105

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 -0.126
10B-17

Table 10B.2.23 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0024 -0.0024 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0026

Table 10B.2.24 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.085 -0.214 -0.644 -0.644 -1.77

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.190 0.357 0.738 0.738 1.04

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.478 0.478 0.686

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.105 0.143 0.094 0.094 -0.734
10B-18

Table 10B.2.25 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003

Table 10B.2.26 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.125

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.085

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0052 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 -0.040
10B-19

10B.2.5 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.2.4 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.2.5 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-20

Figure 10B.2.6 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

10B.2.5.2 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.27 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.69 -5.25 -5.45 -8.86 -9.38 -13.10 -45.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 65.53 6.63 11.65 12.50 20.66 20.53 23.17 33.18

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.93 6.40 7.05 11.80 11.16 10.07 -12.78

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-21

Table 10B.2.28 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.04 -2.04 -3.52 -6.39 -8.67 -17.51

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.41 11.08 13.91 20.04 20.47 22.69

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.38 9.04 10.38 13.65 11.80 5.17

Table 10B.2.29 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.164 -0.480 -1.25 -1.26 -3.91

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.656 1.27 2.38 2.38 3.71

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.492 0.786 1.12 1.12 -0.198
10B-22

Table 10B.2.30 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.18 -3.73 -3.74 -5.44 -6.35 -8.49 -29.70

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.59 1.64 6.66 6.73 10.52 10.94 12.00 16.76

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.463 2.93 2.98 5.07 4.59 3.52 -12.93

Table 10B.2.31 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.51 -1.51 -1.71 -3.42 -3.03 -4.61 -16.27

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.94 4.98 4.98 5.78 10.14 9.60 11.17 16.42

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.47 3.47 4.07 6.73 6.57 6.56 0.156
10B-23

Table 10B.2.32 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.255 -0.447 -0.447 -0.979

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.481 0.658 0.658 0.736

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.226 0.212 0.212 -0.243

Table 10B.2.33 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.04 -2.04 -3.27 -5.94 -8.22 -16.53

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.41 11.08 13.42 19.38 19.81 21.95

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.38 9.04 10.16 13.44 11.59 5.42
10B-24

Table 10B.2.34 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0069

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0068

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 -0.0001

Table 10B.2.35 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.504

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.142 0.452

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.090 0.093 0.093 -0.052
10B-25

Table 10B.2.36 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.012

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0076 0.0076 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0020 0.0034 0.0034 -0.0005

Table 10B.2.37 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.153 -0.386 -1.16 -1.16 -3.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.553 1.04 2.14 2.14 2.99

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.400 0.653 0.982 0.982 -0.169
10B-26

Table 10B.2.38 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002

Table 10B.2.39 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.045 -0.045 -0.045 -0.223

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.246

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.019 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.023
10B-27

10B.2.5.3 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.40 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.49 -2.90 -3.01 -4.90 -5.18 -7.24 -25.39

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 22.42 2.27 3.98 4.28 7.07 7.02 7.93 11.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.778 1.09 1.27 2.17 1.85 0.691 -14.04

Table 10B.2.41 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.13 -1.13 -1.95 -3.54 -4.80 -9.71

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.57 3.80 4.77 6.88 7.03 7.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.45 2.67 2.82 3.34 2.22 -1.92
10B-28

Table 10B.2.42 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.266 -0.695 -0.695 -2.17

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.435 0.815 0.815 1.27

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.134 0.169 0.120 0.120 -0.893

Table 10B.2.43 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.653 -2.06 -2.07 -3.01 -3.51 -4.69 -16.40

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.15 0.563 2.28 2.30 3.60 3.74 4.11 5.73

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.090 0.218 0.233 0.591 0.233 -0.581 -10.67
10B-29

Table 10B.2.44 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.836 -0.836 -0.944 -1.89 -1.67 -2.55 -8.98

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.27 1.70 1.70 1.98 3.47 3.28 3.82 5.61

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.868 0.868 1.03 1.58 1.61 1.27 -3.37

Table 10B.2.45 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.142 -0.248 -0.248 -0.543

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.165 0.226 0.226 0.253

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.024 -0.022 -0.022 -0.290
10B-30

Table 10B.2.46 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.13 -1.13 -1.81 -3.29 -4.56 -9.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.57 3.80 4.61 6.65 6.80 7.53

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.45 2.67 2.80 3.36 2.24 -1.63

Table 10B.2.47 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0038

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0015
10B-31

Table 10B.2.48 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.279

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.049 0.049 0.155

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 -0.124

Table 10B.2.49 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0023 -0.0023 -0.0064

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0026
10B-32

Table 10B.2.50 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.085 -0.214 -0.641 -0.641 -1.75

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.190 0.357 0.734 0.734 1.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.105 0.143 0.093 0.093 -0.725

Table 10B.2.51 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003
10B-33

Table 10B.2.52 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.124

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.084

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0052 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 -0.039

10B.2.6 High Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.2.7 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-34

Figure 10B.2.8 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.2.9 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-35

10B.2.6.2 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.53 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.90 1.91 1.89 1.76

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.65 -5.15 -5.35 -8.65 -9.14 -12.69 -42.58

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 65.53 6.54 11.48 12.31 20.18 20.05 22.43 30.26

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.09 1.90 2.05 3.46 3.44 3.92 5.48

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.89 6.32 6.96 11.53 10.91 9.73 -12.32

Table 10B.2.54 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.611 0.611 0.608 0.601 0.596 0.580

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.02 -2.03 -3.48 -6.25 -8.42 -16.66

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.33 10.99 13.73 19.61 19.90 21.59

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.26 2.41 3.01 4.30 4.35 4.70

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.31 8.97 10.25 13.36 11.47 4.93
10B-36

Table 10B.2.55 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.221 0.219 0.219 0.211

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.163 -0.476 -1.23 -1.23 -3.73

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.655 1.26 2.33 2.33 3.54

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.146 0.284 0.520 0.520 0.803

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.491 0.781 1.10 1.10 -0.189

Table 10B.2.56 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.796 0.788 0.788 0.783 0.780 0.774 0.729

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.17 -3.67 -3.68 -5.32 -6.20 -8.24 -27.60

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.59 1.63 6.57 6.63 10.31 10.69 11.65 15.41

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.296 1.10 1.11 1.78 1.86 2.05 2.82

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.464 2.90 2.95 4.99 4.50 3.42 -12.20
10B-37

Table 10B.2.57 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.03

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.49 -1.49 -1.68 -3.32 -2.95 -4.46 -14.97

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.94 4.91 4.91 5.69 9.87 9.36 10.77 14.85

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.796 0.796 0.940 1.68 1.59 1.87 2.66

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.42 3.42 4.01 6.54 6.41 6.32 -0.122

Table 10B.2.58 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.251 -0.433 -0.433 -0.925

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.472 0.638 0.638 0.695

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.105 0.140 0.140 0.152

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.222 0.205 0.205 -0.230
10B-38

Table 10B.2.59 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.590 0.590 0.587 0.580 0.575 0.560

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.02 -2.03 -3.23 -5.82 -7.99 -15.74

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.33 10.99 13.26 18.97 19.26 20.89

Cumulative Source

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.26 2.41 2.90 4.16 4.21 4.55

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.31 8.97 10.03 13.16 11.27 5.16

Table 10B.2.60 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0066

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0066

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0015

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 -0.0001
10B-39

Table 10B.2.61 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.031

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.481

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.136 0.141 0.141 0.432

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.099

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.089 0.093 0.093 -0.049

Table 10B.2.62 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.011

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0075 0.0075 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0024

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0020 0.0033 0.0033 -0.0005
10B-40

Table 10B.2.63 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.172 0.171 0.169 0.169 0.163

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.152 -0.383 -1.13 -1.13 -3.02

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.551 1.03 2.10 2.10 2.86

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.232 0.466 0.466 0.647

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.399 0.648 0.963 0.963 -0.161

Table 10B.2.64 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0016

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
10B-41

Table 10B.2.65 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.044 -0.044 -0.044 -0.215

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.084 0.084 0.084 0.237

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.053

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.019 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.022

10B.2.6.3 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.66 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.90 1.91 1.89 1.76

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.47 -2.85 -2.96 -4.78 -5.05 -7.01 -23.48

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 22.42 2.24 3.92 4.21 6.90 6.85 7.66 10.31

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.09 1.90 2.05 3.46 3.44 3.92 5.48

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.770 1.08 1.25 2.12 1.80 0.653 -13.16
10B-42

Table 10B.2.67 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.611 0.611 0.608 0.601 0.596 0.580

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.12 -1.12 -1.93 -3.46 -4.67 -9.23

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.54 3.77 4.71 6.73 6.83 7.41

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.26 2.41 3.01 4.30 4.35 4.70

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.43 2.65 2.78 3.27 2.16 -1.82

Table 10B.2.68 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.221 0.219 0.219 0.211

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.264 -0.682 -0.682 -2.07

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.431 0.800 0.800 1.22

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.146 0.284 0.520 0.520 0.803

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.134 0.167 0.118 0.118 -0.852
10B-43

Table 10B.2.69 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.796 0.788 0.788 0.783 0.780 0.774 0.729

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.645 -2.02 -2.03 -2.94 -3.42 -4.55 -15.22

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.15 0.558 2.25 2.27 3.52 3.65 3.98 5.25

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.296 1.10 1.11 1.78 1.86 2.05 2.82

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.087 0.220 0.235 0.585 0.233 -0.566 -9.97

Table 10B.2.70 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.03

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.821 -0.821 -0.926 -1.84 -1.63 -2.46 -8.25

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.27 1.68 1.68 1.94 3.37 3.20 3.68 5.06

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.796 0.796 0.940 1.68 1.59 1.87 2.66

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.857 0.857 1.02 1.54 1.57 1.22 -3.19
10B-44

Table 10B.2.71 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.139 -0.240 -0.240 -0.512

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.162 0.219 0.219 0.239

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.105 0.140 0.140 0.152

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.023 -0.021 -0.021 -0.274

Table 10B.2.72 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.590 0.590 0.587 0.580 0.575 0.560

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.12 -1.12 -1.79 -3.22 -4.43 -8.72

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.54 3.77 4.55 6.51 6.61 7.17

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.26 2.41 2.90 4.16 4.21 4.55

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.43 2.65 2.76 3.29 2.18 -1.55
10B-45

Table 10B.2.73 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0037

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0022

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0015

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0014
10B-46

Table 10B.2.74 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.031

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.267

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.048 0.048 0.148

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.099

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 -0.118

Table 10B.2.75 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0023 -0.0023 -0.0061

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0036

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0024

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0025
10B-47

Table 10B.2.76 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.172 0.171 0.169 0.169 0.163

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.084 -0.212 -0.628 -0.628 -1.67

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.189 0.354 0.719 0.719 0.981

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.232 0.466 0.466 0.647

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.105 0.142 0.091 0.091 -0.692

Table 10B.2.77 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0008

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003
10B-48

Table 10B.2.78 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.119

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.081

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.053

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0052 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 -0.038

10B.2.7 Low Economic Growth Scenario

Figure 10B.2.10 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low 

Economic Growth Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-49

Figure 10B.2.11 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Economic Growth Scenario

Figure 10B.2.12 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Economic Growth Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-50

10B.2.7.2 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.79 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.69 -5.25 -5.45 -8.86 -9.38 -13.10 -45.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 61.92 6.26 11.00 11.82 19.52 19.40 21.90 31.36

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.57 5.76 6.36 10.66 10.03 8.80 -14.61

Table 10B.2.80 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.04 -2.04 -3.52 -6.39 -8.67 -17.51

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.28 9.84 10.47 13.14 18.94 19.35 21.44

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 7.80 8.43 9.62 12.55 10.68 3.93
10B-51

Table 10B.2.81 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3

Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.164 -0.480 -1.25 -1.26 -3.91

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 5.92 0.620 1.20 2.25 2.25 3.51

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.456 0.717 0.990 0.990 -0.401

Table 10B.2.82 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.18 -3.73 -3.74 -5.44 -6.35 -8.49 -29.70

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.79 1.55 6.30 6.36 9.94 10.34 11.34 15.84

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.372 2.57 2.61 4.49 3.99 2.86 -13.86
10B-52

Table 10B.2.83 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.51 -1.51 -1.71 -3.42 -3.03 -4.61 -16.27

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 31.13 4.71 4.71 5.46 9.59 9.07 10.55 15.52

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.19 3.19 3.75 6.17 6.04 5.94 -0.749

Table 10B.2.84 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.255 -0.447 -0.447 -0.979

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.936 0.0000 0.0000 0.455 0.622 0.622 0.695

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.200 0.175 0.175 -0.284
10B-53

Table 10B.2.85 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.04 -2.04 -3.27 -5.94 -8.22 -16.53

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 28.35 9.84 10.47 12.69 18.32 18.73 20.75

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 7.80 8.43 9.42 12.38 10.51 4.21

Table 10B.2.86 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0069

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.011 0.0009 0.0016 0.0019 0.0019 0.0065

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0010 0.0013 0.0013 -0.0004
10B-54

Table 10B.2.87 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.504

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.776 0.070 0.129 0.134 0.134 0.428

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.066 0.082 0.085 0.085 -0.077

Table 10B.2.88 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.012

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.017 0.0020 0.0031 0.0072 0.0072 0.010

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0013 0.0018 0.0030 0.0030 -0.0011
10B-55

Table 10B.2.89 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.153 -0.386 -1.16 -1.16 -3.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.67 0.523 0.982 2.02 2.02 2.83

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.370 0.596 0.865 0.865 -0.333

Table 10B.2.90 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0031 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0016

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001
10B-56

Table 10B.2.91 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.045 -0.045 -0.045 -0.223

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.447 0.025 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.232

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.018 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.0094

10B.2.7.3 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.92 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.49 -2.90 -3.01 -4.90 -5.18 -7.24 -25.39

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 21.55 2.18 3.83 4.11 6.79 6.75 7.62 10.90

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.689 0.931 1.10 1.90 1.57 0.381 -14.48
10B-57

Table 10B.2.93 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.13 -1.13 -1.95 -3.54 -4.80 -9.71

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.22 3.43 3.66 4.59 6.61 6.75 7.48

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.31 2.52 2.63 3.07 1.95 -2.22

Table 10B.2.94 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7

Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.266 -0.695 -0.695 -2.17

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.07 0.216 0.418 0.784 0.784 1.22

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.126 0.152 0.088 0.088 -0.942
10B-58

Table 10B.2.95 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.653 -2.06 -2.07 -3.01 -3.51 -4.69 -16.40

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.72 0.541 2.19 2.21 3.46 3.60 3.95 5.51

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.112 0.129 0.143 0.450 0.087 -0.742 -10.89

Table 10B.2.96 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.836 -0.836 -0.944 -1.89 -1.67 -2.55 -8.98

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.83 1.64 1.64 1.90 3.33 3.15 3.67 5.39

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.802 0.802 0.955 1.45 1.48 1.12 -3.59
10B-59

Table 10B.2.97 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.142 -0.248 -0.248 -0.543

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.327 0.0000 0.0000 0.159 0.217 0.217 0.243

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.017 -0.030 -0.030 -0.300

Table 10B.2.98 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.13 -1.13 -1.81 -3.29 -4.56 -9.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 9.89 3.43 3.66 4.43 6.39 6.53 7.24

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.31 2.52 2.62 3.10 1.98 -1.92
10B-60

Table 10B.2.99 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0038

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0039 0.0003 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007 0.0023

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0016

Table 10B.2.100 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.279

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.271 0.024 0.045 0.047 0.047 0.149

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.020 -0.130
10B-61

Table 10B.2.101 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0023 -0.0023 -0.0064

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0059 0.0007 0.0011 0.0025 0.0025 0.0036

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0002 0.0002 -0.0028

Table 10B.2.102 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.085 -0.214 -0.641 -0.641 -1.75

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.63 0.182 0.343 0.705 0.705 0.988

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.098 0.129 0.065 0.065 -0.765
10B-62

Table 10B.2.103 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003

Table 10B.2.104 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.124

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.156 0.0086 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.081

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0049 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 -0.042
10B-63

10B.2.8 High Economic Growth Scenario

Figure 10B.2.13 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High 

Economic Growth Scenario

Figure 10B.2.14 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Economic Growth Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-64

Figure 10B.2.15 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Economic Growth Scenario

10B.2.8.2 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.105 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.69 -5.25 -5.45 -8.86 -9.38 -13.10 -45.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 66.91 6.77 11.89 12.77 21.10 20.97 23.66 33.89

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 4.07 6.65 7.32 12.24 11.59 10.56 -12.08

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-65

Table 10B.2.106 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.04 -2.04 -3.52 -6.39 -8.67 -17.51

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 31.63 10.63 11.31 14.20 20.46 20.90 23.17

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.59 9.27 10.67 14.07 12.23 5.65

Table 10B.2.107 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3

Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.164 -0.480 -1.25 -1.26 -3.91

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.40 0.670 1.29 2.43 2.43 3.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.506 0.813 1.17 1.17 -0.120
10B-66

Table 10B.2.108 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.18 -3.73 -3.74 -5.44 -6.35 -8.49 -29.70

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 33.28 1.68 6.81 6.87 10.74 11.17 12.26 17.12

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.498 3.07 3.13 5.30 4.82 3.77 -12.58

Table 10B.2.109 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.51 -1.51 -1.71 -3.42 -3.03 -4.61 -16.27

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 33.64 5.09 5.09 5.90 10.36 9.80 11.40 16.77

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.57 3.57 4.19 6.94 6.77 6.79 0.503
10B-67

Table 10B.2.110 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.255 -0.447 -0.447 -0.979

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.01 0.0000 0.0000 0.491 0.672 0.672 0.751

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.236 0.225 0.225 -0.228

Table 10B.2.111 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.04 -2.04 -3.27 -5.94 -8.22 -16.53

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.62 10.63 11.31 13.71 19.79 20.23 22.41

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.59 9.27 10.44 13.85 12.01 5.88
10B-68

Table 10B.2.112 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0069

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0017 0.0020 0.0020 0.0070

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0012 0.0014 0.0014 0.0001

Table 10B.2.113 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.504

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.839 0.076 0.140 0.145 0.145 0.462

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.072 0.092 0.096 0.096 -0.042
10B-69

Table 10B.2.114 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.012

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0034 0.0078 0.0078 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0021 0.0035 0.0035 -0.0003

Table 10B.2.115 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.153 -0.386 -1.16 -1.16 -3.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 5.04 0.565 1.06 2.18 2.18 3.06

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.412 0.675 1.03 1.03 -0.106
10B-70

Table 10B.2.116 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002

Table 10B.2.117 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.045 -0.045 -0.045 -0.223

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.483 0.027 0.087 0.087 0.087 0.251

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.020 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.028
10B-71

10B.2.8.3 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.118 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.49 -2.90 -3.01 -4.90 -5.18 -7.24 -25.39

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 22.77 2.30 4.05 4.34 7.18 7.13 8.05 11.52

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.813 1.15 1.33 2.28 1.95 0.813 -13.86

Table 10B.2.119 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.13 -1.13 -1.95 -3.54 -4.80 -9.71

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.80 3.63 3.86 4.85 6.98 7.13 7.91

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.50 2.73 2.89 3.44 2.33 -1.80
10B-72

Table 10B.2.120 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7

Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.266 -0.695 -0.695 -2.17

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.18 0.229 0.441 0.828 0.828 1.29

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.138 0.175 0.132 0.132 -0.873

Table 10B.2.121 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.653 -2.06 -2.07 -3.01 -3.51 -4.69 -16.40

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.32 0.571 2.32 2.34 3.65 3.80 4.17 5.82

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.082 0.253 0.269 0.646 0.291 -0.518 -10.58
10B-73

Table 10B.2.122 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.836 -0.836 -0.944 -1.89 -1.67 -2.55 -8.98

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.45 1.73 1.73 2.01 3.52 3.33 3.88 5.70

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.895 0.895 1.06 1.64 1.66 1.33 -3.28

Table 10B.2.123 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.142 -0.248 -0.248 -0.543

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.345 0.0000 0.0000 0.168 0.229 0.229 0.256

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.026 -0.018 -0.018 -0.286
10B-74

Table 10B.2.124 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.13 -1.13 -1.81 -3.29 -4.56 -9.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.45 3.63 3.86 4.68 6.75 6.90 7.65

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.50 2.73 2.87 3.46 2.35 -1.51

Table 10B.2.125 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0038

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0042 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0014
10B-75

Table 10B.2.126 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.279

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.286 0.026 0.048 0.050 0.050 0.158

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.022 -0.122

Table 10B.2.127 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0023 -0.0023 -0.0064

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0063 0.0007 0.0012 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0026
10B-76

Table 10B.2.128 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.085 -0.214 -0.641 -0.641 -1.75

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.72 0.193 0.362 0.745 0.745 1.04

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.108 0.148 0.104 0.104 -0.709

Table 10B.2.129 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003
10B-77

Table 10B.2.130 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.124

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.165 0.0091 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.086

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0049 0.0049 0.0048 -0.038

10B.2.9 Low Price Trend Scenario

Figure 10B.2.16 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low 

Price Trend Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-78

Figure 10B.2.17 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent 

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Price Trend Scenario

Figure 10B.2.18 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent 

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Price Trend Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-79

10B.2.9.2 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.131 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 65.92 -2.59 -5.05 -5.25 -8.53 -9.03 -12.63 -44.28

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 65.53 6.63 11.65 12.50 20.66 20.53 23.17 33.18

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 4.04 6.59 7.25 12.13 11.50 10.54 -11.09

Table 10B.2.132 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.88 -1.95 -1.96 -3.35 -6.08 -8.26 -16.76

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.41 11.08 13.91 20.04 20.47 22.69

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.46 9.13 10.56 13.96 12.21 5.93
10B-80

Table 10B.2.133 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.86 -0.156 -0.456 -1.20 -1.20 -3.73

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.656 1.27 2.38 2.38 3.71

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.501 0.810 1.18 1.18 -0.016

Table 10B.2.134 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 45.87 -1.14 -3.61 -3.62 -5.27 -6.14 -8.22 -28.76

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.59 1.64 6.66 6.73 10.52 10.94 12.00 16.76

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.500 3.05 3.11 5.25 4.79 3.78 -11.99
10B-81

Table 10B.2.135 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.05 -1.44 -1.44 -1.63 -3.27 -2.89 -4.41 -15.52

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.94 4.98 4.98 5.78 10.14 9.60 11.17 16.42

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.54 3.54 4.15 6.88 6.71 6.76 0.901

Table 10B.2.136 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.929 0.0000 0.0000 -0.245 -0.429 -0.429 -0.942

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.481 0.658 0.658 0.736

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.237 0.229 0.229 -0.207
10B-82

Table 10B.2.137 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 18.95 -1.95 -1.96 -3.10 -5.65 -7.83 -15.82

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.41 11.08 13.42 19.38 19.81 21.95

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.46 9.13 10.32 13.73 11.99 6.13

Table 10B.2.138 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0092 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0066

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0068

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 0.0003
10B-83

Table 10B.2.139 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.613 -0.0035 -0.045 -0.047 -0.047 -0.481

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.142 0.452

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.092 0.095 0.095 -0.028

Table 10B.2.140 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.015 -0.0007 -0.0012 -0.0040 -0.0040 -0.011

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0076 0.0076 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0021 0.0036 0.0036 0.0000
10B-84

Table 10B.2.141 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 3.86 -0.145 -0.367 -1.10 -1.10 -3.02

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.553 1.04 2.14 2.14 2.99

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.408 0.672 1.04 1.04 -0.022

Table 10B.2.142 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0025 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
10B-85

Table 10B.2.143 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.365 -0.0064 -0.042 -0.042 -0.043 -0.212

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.246

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.020 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.034

10B.2.9.3 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.144 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 36.56 -1.44 -2.81 -2.92 -4.74 -5.02 -7.02 -24.59

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 22.42 2.27 3.98 4.28 7.07 7.02 7.93 11.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.829 1.18 1.36 2.33 2.01 0.911 -13.24
10B-86

Table 10B.2.145 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.07 -1.09 -1.09 -1.87 -3.39 -4.61 -9.35

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.57 3.80 4.77 6.88 7.03 7.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.49 2.71 2.90 3.48 2.42 -1.56

Table 10B.2.146 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.71 -0.087 -0.255 -0.668 -0.668 -2.08

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.435 0.815 0.815 1.27

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.138 0.180 0.148 0.148 -0.806
10B-87

Table 10B.2.147 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.43 -0.635 -2.00 -2.01 -2.92 -3.41 -4.56 -15.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.15 0.563 2.28 2.30 3.60 3.74 4.11 5.73

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.072 0.275 0.291 0.675 0.331 -0.458 -10.23

Table 10B.2.148 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.14 -0.803 -0.803 -0.906 -1.82 -1.61 -2.45 -8.63

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.27 1.70 1.70 1.98 3.47 3.28 3.82 5.61

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.901 0.901 1.07 1.65 1.68 1.37 -3.02
10B-88

Table 10B.2.149 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.517 0.0000 0.0000 -0.136 -0.239 -0.239 -0.525

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.165 0.226 0.226 0.253

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.029 -0.013 -0.013 -0.273

Table 10B.2.150 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.55 -1.09 -1.09 -1.73 -3.15 -4.37 -8.82

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.57 3.80 4.61 6.65 6.80 7.53

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.49 2.71 2.88 3.50 2.43 -1.29
10B-89

Table 10B.2.151 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0051 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0037

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0013

Table 10B.2.152 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.342 -0.0020 -0.025 -0.026 -0.026 -0.268

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.049 0.049 0.155

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.023 -0.113
10B-90

Table 10B.2.153 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0086 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0022 -0.0022 -0.0061

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0024

Table 10B.2.154 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.15 -0.081 -0.205 -0.615 -0.615 -1.68

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.190 0.357 0.734 0.734 1.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.109 0.152 0.119 0.119 -0.655
10B-91

Table 10B.2.155 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0008

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0002

Table 10B.2.156 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.204 -0.0036 -0.024 -0.024 -0.024 -0.119

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.084

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0054 0.0054 0.0054 -0.034
10B-92

10B.2.10 High Price Trend Scenario

Figure 10B.2.19 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High 

Price Trend Scenario

Figure 10B.2.20 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent 

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Price Trend Scenario

-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-93

Figure 10B.2.21 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent 

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Price Trend Scenario

10B.2.10.23 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.157 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 73.98 -3.08 -5.93 -6.17 -10.05 -10.60 -14.78 -52.03

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 65.53 6.63 11.65 12.50 20.66 20.53 23.17 33.18

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.54 5.71 6.33 10.61 9.93 8.39 -18.84

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-94

Table 10B.2.158 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 22.77 -2.35 -2.36 -4.17 -7.50 -10.15 -20.22

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.41 11.08 13.91 20.04 20.47 22.69

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.06 8.72 9.74 12.54 10.32 2.47

Table 10B.2.159 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.88 -0.194 -0.564 -1.46 -1.46 -4.56

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.656 1.27 2.38 2.38 3.71

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.462 0.702 0.911 0.911 -0.852
10B-95

Table 10B.2.160 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 50.76 -1.32 -4.17 -4.18 -6.08 -7.09 -9.43 -33.08

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.59 1.64 6.66 6.73 10.52 10.94 12.00 16.76

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.328 2.50 2.55 4.43 3.84 2.58 -16.32

Table 10B.2.161 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 23.22 -1.77 -1.77 -1.99 -3.97 -3.51 -5.35 -18.95

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 32.94 4.98 4.98 5.78 10.14 9.60 11.17 16.42

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.22 3.22 3.78 6.18 6.08 5.82 -2.53
10B-96

Table 10B.2.162 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 1.05 0.0000 0.0000 -0.294 -0.509 -0.509 -1.11

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.481 0.658 0.658 0.736

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.187 0.149 0.149 -0.375

Table 10B.2.163 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 21.72 -2.35 -2.36 -3.87 -6.99 -9.64 -19.10

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.41 11.08 13.42 19.38 19.81 21.95

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.06 8.72 9.55 12.39 10.17 2.85
10B-97

Table 10B.2.164 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.011 -0.0001 -0.0006 -0.0007 -0.0007 -0.0080

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0068

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0010 0.0013 0.0013 -0.0012

Table 10B.2.165 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.739 -0.0044 -0.055 -0.057 -0.057 -0.588

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.142 0.452

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.082 0.085 0.085 -0.136
10B-98

Table 10B.2.166 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.019 -0.0008 -0.0015 -0.0049 -0.0049 -0.013

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0076 0.0076 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0013 0.0018 0.0027 0.0027 -0.0024

Table 10B.2.167 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.67 -0.181 -0.454 -1.35 -1.35 -3.69

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.553 1.04 2.14 2.14 2.99

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.372 0.585 0.789 0.789 -0.697
10B-99

Table 10B.2.168 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0030 -0.0001 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0018

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 -0.0001

Table 10B.2.169 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.442 -0.0077 -0.052 -0.052 -0.053 -0.262

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.246

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.018 0.033 0.033 0.033 -0.016
10B-100

10B.2.10.37 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.2.170 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 40.33 -1.67 -3.22 -3.35 -5.45 -5.75 -8.02 -28.21

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 22.42 2.27 3.98 4.28 7.07 7.02 7.93 11.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 1.11 1.93 2.09 3.55 3.53 4.05 6.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.598 0.766 0.930 1.62 1.27 -0.091 -16.86

Table 10B.2.171 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 12.42 -1.27 -1.28 -2.25 -4.06 -5.49 -10.97

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.57 3.80 4.77 6.88 7.03 7.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.30 2.52 2.52 2.82 1.53 -3.18
10B-101

Table 10B.2.172 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 3.19 -0.105 -0.305 -0.793 -0.793 -2.47

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.435 0.815 0.815 1.27

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.120 0.129 0.022 0.022 -1.20

Table 10B.2.173 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 27.71 -0.715 -2.26 -2.27 -3.31 -3.85 -5.13 -17.98

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.15 0.563 2.28 2.30 3.60 3.74 4.11 5.73

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.298 1.12 1.13 1.81 1.90 2.11 3.06

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.153 0.015 0.029 0.293 -0.112 -1.02 -12.24
10B-102

Table 10B.2.174 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 12.61 -0.953 -0.953 -1.08 -2.14 -1.90 -2.89 -10.23

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.27 1.70 1.70 1.98 3.47 3.28 3.82 5.61

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.809 0.809 0.956 1.73 1.63 1.94 2.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.751 0.751 0.900 1.33 1.38 0.929 -4.62

Table 10B.2.175 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.574 0.0000 0.0000 -0.160 -0.277 -0.277 -0.604

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.165 0.226 0.226 0.253

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0055 -0.051 -0.051 -0.351
10B-103

Table 10B.2.176 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.85 -1.27 -1.28 -2.09 -3.78 -5.22 -10.36

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.57 3.80 4.61 6.65 6.80 7.53

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.30 2.52 2.51 2.87 1.58 -2.83

Table 10B.2.177 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0060 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0044

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0020
10B-104

Table 10B.2.178 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.401 -0.0024 -0.030 -0.031 -0.031 -0.318

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.049 0.049 0.155

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.017 0.018 0.018 -0.163

Table 10B.2.179 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.010 -0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0027 -0.0027 -0.0073

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0001 -0.0001 -0.0035
10B-105

Table 10B.2.180 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.53 -0.098 -0.246 -0.731 -0.731 -2.00

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.190 0.357 0.734 0.734 1.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.092 0.111 0.0029 0.0029 -0.972

Table 10B.2.181 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0017 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0004
10B-106

Table 10B.2.182 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.240 -0.0042 -0.028 -0.028 -0.028 -0.142

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.084

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0047 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 -0.057
10B-107

10B.3 1 PERCENT LOAD GROWTH, LIQUID-IMMERSED (0 PERCENT DRYTYPE)

10B.3.11 Low Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.3.1 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-108

Figure 10B.3.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.3.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-109

10B.3.11.23 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.1 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.70 -5.27 -5.48 -8.92 -9.43 -13.20 -46.86

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 75.03 5.83 10.10 11.12 19.76 19.68 23.56 38.34

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.923 1.57 1.76 3.33 3.32 4.13 7.17

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.13 4.84 5.64 10.84 10.25 10.36 -8.52

Table 10B.3.2 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.04 -2.05 -3.54 -6.42 -8.73 -17.73

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.43 11.10 13.95 20.15 20.62 22.97

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.41 4.51 5.00

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.39 9.06 10.41 13.73 11.89 5.24
10B-110

Table 10B.3.3 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.164 -0.481 -1.26 -1.26 -3.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.657 1.27 2.39 2.39 3.76

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.287 0.532 0.532 0.851

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.493 0.788 1.13 1.13 -0.200

Table 10B.3.4 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.18 -3.75 -3.76 -5.47 -6.39 -8.55 -30.25

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.08 1.89 6.17 6.21 10.05 10.77 12.33 19.67

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.00 1.01 1.70 1.86 2.18 3.73

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.707 2.42 2.45 4.58 4.38 3.78 -10.58
10B-111

Table 10B.3.5 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.52 -1.52 -1.72 -3.44 -3.04 -4.65 -16.61

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.95 3.94 3.94 4.90 9.70 8.91 11.23 18.67

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.567 0.567 0.752 1.63 1.46 1.94 3.44

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.42 2.42 3.19 6.26 5.86 6.58 2.06

Table 10B.3.6 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.257 -0.450 -0.450 -0.993

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.484 0.663 0.663 0.746

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.145 0.145 0.163

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.227 0.213 0.213 -0.247
10B-112

Table 10B.3.7 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.04 -2.05 -3.28 -5.97 -8.28 -16.74

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.43 11.10 13.47 19.49 19.95 22.23

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.95 4.27 4.37 4.84

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.39 9.06 10.19 13.51 11.67 5.49

Table 10B.3.8 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0070

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0069

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 -0.0001
10B-113

Table 10B.3.9 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.510

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.142 0.458

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.105

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.090 0.093 0.093 -0.052

Table 10B.3.10 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.012

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0076 0.0076 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0020 0.0034 0.0034 -0.0005
10B-114

Table 10B.3.11 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.153 -0.387 -1.16 -1.16 -3.20

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.553 1.04 2.15 2.15 3.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.478 0.478 0.686

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.401 0.654 0.987 0.987 -0.171

Table 10B.3.12 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0016

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
10B-115

Table 10B.3.13 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.045 -0.045 -0.045 -0.225

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.248

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.019 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.023

10B.3.11.37 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.14 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.49 -2.91 -3.03 -4.93 -5.21 -7.29 -25.89

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 24.79 2.07 3.60 3.94 6.86 6.83 8.04 12.71

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.923 1.57 1.76 3.33 3.32 4.13 7.17

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.577 0.694 0.911 1.93 1.61 0.750 -13.18
10B-116

Table 10B.3.15 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.13 -1.14 -1.96 -3.56 -4.84 -9.83

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.58 3.81 4.79 6.92 7.08 7.88

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.41 4.51 5.00

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.45 2.68 2.83 3.36 2.24 -1.94

Table 10B.3.16 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.266 -0.699 -0.699 -2.19

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.435 0.819 0.819 1.29

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.287 0.532 0.532 0.851

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.135 0.169 0.120 0.120 -0.903
10B-117

Table 10B.3.17 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.655 -2.07 -2.08 -3.02 -3.53 -4.72 -16.71

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.27 0.625 2.16 2.18 3.49 3.71 4.20 6.49

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.00 1.01 1.70 1.86 2.18 3.73

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.030 0.087 0.099 0.463 0.177 -0.526 -10.22

Table 10B.3.18 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.839 -0.839 -0.948 -1.90 -1.68 -2.57 -9.18

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.52 1.45 1.45 1.76 3.37 3.12 3.85 6.22

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.567 0.567 0.752 1.63 1.46 1.94 3.44

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.607 0.607 0.813 1.47 1.44 1.28 -2.96
10B-118

Table 10B.3.19 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.142 -0.249 -0.249 -0.550

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.166 0.228 0.228 0.256

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.145 0.145 0.163

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.024 -0.022 -0.022 -0.294

Table 10B.3.20 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.13 -1.14 -1.82 -3.31 -4.59 -9.28

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.58 3.81 4.62 6.69 6.85 7.63

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.95 4.27 4.37 4.84

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.45 2.68 2.80 3.38 2.26 -1.65
10B-119

Table 10B.3.21 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0039

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0015

Table 10B.3.22 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.283

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.049 0.049 0.157

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.105

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 -0.126
10B-120

Table 10B.3.23 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0024 -0.0024 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0026

Table 10B.3.24 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173 0.173

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.085 -0.214 -0.644 -0.644 -1.77

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.190 0.357 0.738 0.738 1.04

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.478 0.478 0.686

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.105 0.143 0.094 0.094 -0.734
10B-121

Table 10B.3.25 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003

Table 10B.3.26 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.125

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.085

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0052 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 -0.040
10B-122

10B.3.12 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.3.4 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.3.5 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-123

Figure 10B.3.6 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

10B.3.12.23 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.27 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.69 -5.25 -5.45 -8.86 -9.38 -13.10 -45.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 75.03 5.81 10.07 11.07 19.64 19.56 23.37 37.47

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.12 4.82 5.62 10.78 10.19 10.27 -8.50

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-124

Table 10B.3.28 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.04 -2.04 -3.52 -6.39 -8.67 -17.51

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.41 11.08 13.91 20.04 20.47 22.69

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.38 9.04 10.38 13.65 11.80 5.17

Table 10B.3.29 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.164 -0.480 -1.25 -1.26 -3.91

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.656 1.27 2.38 2.38 3.71

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.492 0.786 1.12 1.12 -0.198
10B-125

Table 10B.3.30 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.18 -3.73 -3.74 -5.44 -6.35 -8.49 -29.70

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.08 1.89 6.14 6.19 10.00 10.71 12.24 19.26

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.707 2.41 2.45 4.56 4.36 3.75 -10.44

Table 10B.3.31 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.51 -1.51 -1.71 -3.42 -3.03 -4.61 -16.27

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.95 3.92 3.92 4.88 9.64 8.85 11.13 18.21

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.41 2.41 3.17 6.22 5.83 6.52 1.94
10B-126

Table 10B.3.32 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.255 -0.447 -0.447 -0.979

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.481 0.658 0.658 0.736

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.226 0.212 0.212 -0.243

Table 10B.3.33 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.04 -2.04 -3.27 -5.94 -8.22 -16.53

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.41 11.08 13.42 19.38 19.81 21.95

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.38 9.04 10.16 13.44 11.59 5.42
10B-127

Table 10B.3.34 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0069

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0068

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 -0.0001

Table 10B.3.35 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.504

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.142 0.452

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.090 0.093 0.093 -0.052
10B-128

Table 10B.3.36 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.012

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0076 0.0076 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0020 0.0034 0.0034 -0.0005

Table 10B.3.37 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.153 -0.386 -1.16 -1.16 -3.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.553 1.04 2.14 2.14 2.99

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.400 0.653 0.982 0.982 -0.169
10B-129

Table 10B.3.38 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002

Table 10B.3.39 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.045 -0.045 -0.045 -0.223

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.246

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.019 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.023
10B-130

10B.3.12.37 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.40 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.49 -2.90 -3.01 -4.90 -5.18 -7.24 -25.39

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 24.79 2.06 3.59 3.92 6.81 6.78 7.97 12.41

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.575 0.692 0.909 1.92 1.60 0.739 -12.97

Table 10B.3.41 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.13 -1.13 -1.95 -3.54 -4.80 -9.71

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.57 3.80 4.77 6.88 7.03 7.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.45 2.67 2.82 3.34 2.22 -1.92
10B-131

Table 10B.3.42 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.266 -0.695 -0.695 -2.17

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.435 0.815 0.815 1.27

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.134 0.169 0.120 0.120 -0.893

Table 10B.3.43 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.653 -2.06 -2.07 -3.01 -3.51 -4.69 -16.40

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.27 0.623 2.15 2.17 3.47 3.69 4.16 6.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.029 0.088 0.099 0.462 0.177 -0.523 -10.05
10B-132

Table 10B.3.44 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.836 -0.836 -0.944 -1.89 -1.67 -2.55 -8.98

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.52 1.44 1.44 1.75 3.34 3.10 3.81 6.06

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.605 0.605 0.809 1.46 1.43 1.26 -2.92

Table 10B.3.45 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.142 -0.248 -0.248 -0.543

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.165 0.226 0.226 0.253

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.024 -0.022 -0.022 -0.290
10B-133

Table 10B.3.46 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.13 -1.13 -1.81 -3.29 -4.56 -9.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.57 3.80 4.61 6.65 6.80 7.53

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.45 2.67 2.80 3.36 2.24 -1.63

Table 10B.3.47 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0038

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0015
10B-134

Table 10B.3.48 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.279

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.049 0.049 0.155

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 -0.124

Table 10B.3.49 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0023 -0.0023 -0.0064

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0026
10B-135

Table 10B.3.50 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.085 -0.214 -0.641 -0.641 -1.75

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.190 0.357 0.734 0.734 1.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.105 0.143 0.093 0.093 -0.725

Table 10B.3.51 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003
10B-136

Table 10B.3.52 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.124

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.084

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0052 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 -0.039

10B.3.13 High Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.3.7 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-137

Figure 10B.3.8 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario

Figure 10B.3.9 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-138

10B.3.13.23 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.53 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.90 1.91 1.89 1.76

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.65 -5.15 -5.35 -8.65 -9.14 -12.69 -42.58

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 75.03 5.74 9.91 10.90 19.17 19.10 22.61 34.17

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.907 1.54 1.73 3.23 3.22 3.96 6.39

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.08 4.76 5.54 10.52 9.95 9.91 -8.40

Table 10B.3.54 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.611 0.611 0.608 0.601 0.596 0.580

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.02 -2.03 -3.48 -6.25 -8.42 -16.66

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.33 10.99 13.73 19.61 19.90 21.59

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.26 2.41 3.01 4.30 4.35 4.70

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.31 8.97 10.25 13.36 11.47 4.93
10B-139

Table 10B.3.55 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.221 0.219 0.219 0.211

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.163 -0.476 -1.23 -1.23 -3.73

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.655 1.26 2.33 2.33 3.54

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.146 0.284 0.520 0.520 0.803

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.491 0.781 1.10 1.10 -0.189

Table 10B.3.56 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.796 0.788 0.788 0.783 0.780 0.774 0.729

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.17 -3.67 -3.68 -5.32 -6.20 -8.24 -27.60

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.08 1.87 6.05 6.10 9.80 10.47 11.88 17.71

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.353 0.984 0.991 1.66 1.81 2.10 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.707 2.38 2.42 4.48 4.27 3.64 -9.89
10B-140

Table 10B.3.57 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.03

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.49 -1.49 -1.68 -3.32 -2.95 -4.46 -14.97

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.95 3.86 3.86 4.80 9.37 8.63 10.73 16.46

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.554 0.554 0.734 1.57 1.42 1.86 3.03

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.38 2.38 3.12 6.04 5.68 6.27 1.49

Table 10B.3.58 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.251 -0.433 -0.433 -0.925

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.472 0.638 0.638 0.695

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.105 0.140 0.140 0.152

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.222 0.205 0.205 -0.230
10B-141

Table 10B.3.59 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.590 0.590 0.587 0.580 0.575 0.560

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.02 -2.03 -3.23 -5.82 -7.99 -15.74

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.33 10.99 13.26 18.97 19.26 20.89

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.26 2.41 2.90 4.16 4.21 4.55

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.31 8.97 10.03 13.16 11.27 5.16

Table 10B.3.60 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0066

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0066

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0015

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 -0.0001
10B-142

Table 10B.3.61 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.031

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.481

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.136 0.141 0.141 0.432

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.099

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.089 0.093 0.093 -0.049

Table 10B.3.62 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.011

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0075 0.0075 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0024

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0020 0.0033 0.0033 -0.0005
10B-143

Table 10B.3.63 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.172 0.171 0.169 0.169 0.163

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.152 -0.383 -1.13 -1.13 -3.02

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.551 1.03 2.10 2.10 2.86

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.232 0.466 0.466 0.647

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.399 0.648 0.963 0.963 -0.161

Table 10B.3.64 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0016

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
10B-144

Table 10B.3.65 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.044 -0.044 -0.044 -0.215

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.084 0.084 0.084 0.237

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.053

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.019 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.022

10B.3.13.37 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.66 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.90 1.91 1.89 1.76

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.47 -2.85 -2.96 -4.78 -5.05 -7.01 -23.48

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 24.79 2.04 3.53 3.86 6.64 6.62 7.71 11.28

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.907 1.54 1.73 3.23 3.22 3.96 6.39

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.569 0.687 0.899 1.87 1.57 0.697 -12.19
10B-145

Table 10B.3.67 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.611 0.611 0.608 0.601 0.596 0.580

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.12 -1.12 -1.93 -3.46 -4.67 -9.23

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.54 3.77 4.71 6.73 6.83 7.41

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.26 2.41 3.01 4.30 4.35 4.70

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.43 2.65 2.78 3.27 2.16 -1.82

Table 10B.3.68 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.221 0.219 0.219 0.211

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.264 -0.682 -0.682 -2.07

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.431 0.800 0.800 1.22

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.146 0.284 0.520 0.520 0.803

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.134 0.167 0.118 0.118 -0.852
10B-146

Table 10B.3.69 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.796 0.788 0.788 0.783 0.780 0.774 0.729

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.645 -2.02 -2.03 -2.94 -3.42 -4.55 -15.22

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.27 0.618 2.12 2.13 3.40 3.60 4.04 5.83

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.353 0.984 0.991 1.66 1.81 2.10 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.027 0.091 0.103 0.457 0.177 -0.510 -9.40

Table 10B.3.70 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.03

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.821 -0.821 -0.926 -1.84 -1.63 -2.46 -8.25

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.52 1.42 1.42 1.72 3.25 3.02 3.67 5.46

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.554 0.554 0.734 1.57 1.42 1.86 3.03

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.596 0.596 0.797 1.41 1.39 1.21 -2.79
10B-147

Table 10B.3.71 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.020

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.139 -0.240 -0.240 -0.512

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.162 0.219 0.219 0.239

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.105 0.140 0.140 0.152

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.023 -0.021 -0.021 -0.274

Table 10B.3.72 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.590 0.590 0.587 0.580 0.575 0.560

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.12 -1.12 -1.79 -3.22 -4.43 -8.72

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.54 3.77 4.55 6.51 6.61 7.17

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.26 2.41 2.90 4.16 4.21 4.55

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.43 2.65 2.76 3.29 2.18 -1.55
10B-148

Table 10B.3.73 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0037

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0022

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0015

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0014

Table 10B.3.74 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.031

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.267

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.048 0.048 0.148

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.099

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.021 0.022 0.022 -0.118
10B-149

Table 10B.3.75 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0023 -0.0023 -0.0061

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0036

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0024

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0025

Table 10B.3.76 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.172 0.171 0.169 0.169 0.163

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.084 -0.212 -0.628 -0.628 -1.67

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.189 0.354 0.719 0.719 0.981

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.232 0.466 0.466 0.647

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.105 0.142 0.091 0.091 -0.692
10B-150

Table 10B.3.77 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0008

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003

Table 10B.3.78 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.119

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.081

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.053

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0052 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 -0.038
10B-151

10B.3.14 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario

Figure 10B.3.10 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low 

Economic Growth Scenario

Figure 10B.3.11 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Economic Growth Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-152

Figure 10B.3.12 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Economic Growth Scenario

10B.3.14.23 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.79 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.69 -5.25 -5.45 -8.86 -9.38 -13.10 -45.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 70.71 5.51 9.54 10.49 18.58 18.51 22.08 35.32

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.81 4.30 5.04 9.71 9.13 8.98 -10.64

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-153

Table 10B.3.80 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.04 -2.04 -3.52 -6.39 -8.67 -17.51

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.28 9.84 10.47 13.14 18.94 19.35 21.44

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 7.80 8.43 9.62 12.55 10.68 3.93

Table 10B.3.81 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3

Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.164 -0.480 -1.25 -1.26 -3.91

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 5.92 0.620 1.20 2.25 2.25 3.51

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.456 0.717 0.990 0.990 -0.401
10B-154

Table 10B.3.82 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.18 -3.73 -3.74 -5.44 -6.35 -8.49 -29.70

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 34.95 1.78 5.81 5.86 9.46 10.13 11.56 18.15

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.598 2.08 2.12 4.02 3.78 3.07 -11.55

Table 10B.3.83 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.51 -1.51 -1.71 -3.42 -3.03 -4.61 -16.27

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 35.76 3.73 3.73 4.63 9.11 8.38 10.52 17.17

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.22 2.22 2.92 5.70 5.35 5.90 0.904
10B-155

Table 10B.3.84 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.255 -0.447 -0.447 -0.979

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.936 0.0000 0.0000 0.455 0.622 0.622 0.695

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.200 0.175 0.175 -0.284

Table 10B.3.85 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.04 -2.04 -3.27 -5.94 -8.22 -16.53

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 28.35 9.84 10.47 12.69 18.32 18.73 20.75

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 7.80 8.43 9.42 12.38 10.51 4.21
10B-156

Table 10B.3.86 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0069

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.011 0.0009 0.0016 0.0019 0.0019 0.0065

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0010 0.0013 0.0013 -0.0004

Table 10B.3.87 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.504

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.776 0.070 0.129 0.134 0.134 0.428

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.066 0.082 0.085 0.085 -0.077
10B-157

Table 10B.3.88 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.012

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.017 0.0020 0.0031 0.0072 0.0072 0.010

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0013 0.0018 0.0030 0.0030 -0.0011

Table 10B.3.89 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.153 -0.386 -1.16 -1.16 -3.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.67 0.523 0.982 2.02 2.02 2.83

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.370 0.596 0.865 0.865 -0.333
10B-158

Table 10B.3.90 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0031 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0016

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001

Table 10B.3.91 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.045 -0.045 -0.045 -0.223

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.447 0.025 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.232

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.018 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.0094
10B-159

10B.3.14.37 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.92 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.49 -2.90 -3.01 -4.90 -5.18 -7.24 -25.39

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 23.77 1.99 3.46 3.77 6.55 6.52 7.66 11.91

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.499 0.560 0.763 1.66 1.34 0.426 -13.48

Table 10B.3.93 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.13 -1.13 -1.95 -3.54 -4.80 -9.71

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.22 3.43 3.66 4.59 6.61 6.75 7.48

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.31 2.52 2.63 3.07 1.95 -2.22
10B-160

Table 10B.3.94 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7

Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.266 -0.695 -0.695 -2.17

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.07 0.216 0.418 0.784 0.784 1.22

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.126 0.152 0.088 0.088 -0.942

Table 10B.3.95 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.653 -2.06 -2.07 -3.01 -3.51 -4.69 -16.40

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 11.77 0.598 2.07 2.09 3.34 3.54 4.00 6.09

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.055 0.0063 0.017 0.329 0.034 -0.687 -10.31
10B-161

Table 10B.3.96 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.836 -0.836 -0.944 -1.89 -1.67 -2.55 -8.98

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.01 1.39 1.39 1.69 3.22 2.98 3.66 5.81

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.554 0.554 0.745 1.33 1.31 1.11 -3.17

Table 10B.3.97 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.142 -0.248 -0.248 -0.543

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.327 0.0000 0.0000 0.159 0.217 0.217 0.243

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.017 -0.030 -0.030 -0.300
10B-162

Table 10B.3.98 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.13 -1.13 -1.81 -3.29 -4.56 -9.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 9.89 3.43 3.66 4.43 6.39 6.53 7.24

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.31 2.52 2.62 3.10 1.98 -1.92

Table 10B.3.99 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0038

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0039 0.0003 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007 0.0023

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0016
10B-163

Table 10B.3.100 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.279

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.271 0.024 0.045 0.047 0.047 0.149

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.022 0.019 0.020 0.020 -0.130

Table 10B.3.101 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0023 -0.0023 -0.0064

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0059 0.0007 0.0011 0.0025 0.0025 0.0036

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0002 0.0002 -0.0028
10B-164

Table 10B.3.102 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.085 -0.214 -0.641 -0.641 -1.75

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.63 0.182 0.343 0.705 0.705 0.988

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.098 0.129 0.065 0.065 -0.765

Table 10B.3.103 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003
10B-165

Table 10B.3.104 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.124

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.156 0.0086 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.081

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0049 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 -0.042

10B.3.15 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario

Figure 10B.3.13 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High 

Economic Growth Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-166

Figure 10B.3.14 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Economic Growth Scenario

Figure 10B.3.15 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Economic Growth Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-167

10B.3.15.23 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.105 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 67.67 -2.69 -5.25 -5.45 -8.86 -9.38 -13.10 -45.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 76.68 5.93 10.27 11.30 20.05 19.97 23.86 38.29

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.24 5.02 5.84 11.18 10.60 10.76 -7.67

Table 10B.3.106 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.51 -2.04 -2.04 -3.52 -6.39 -8.67 -17.51

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 31.63 10.63 11.31 14.20 20.46 20.90 23.17

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.59 9.27 10.67 14.07 12.23 5.65
10B-168

Table 10B.3.107 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3

Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.08 -0.164 -0.480 -1.25 -1.26 -3.91

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.40 0.670 1.29 2.43 2.43 3.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.506 0.813 1.17 1.17 -0.120

Table 10B.3.108 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 46.93 -1.18 -3.73 -3.74 -5.44 -6.35 -8.49 -29.70

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.89 1.93 6.27 6.32 10.21 10.94 12.50 19.68

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.749 2.54 2.57 4.77 4.59 4.01 -10.01
10B-169

Table 10B.3.109 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.74 -1.51 -1.51 -1.71 -3.42 -3.03 -4.61 -16.27

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 38.78 4.00 4.00 4.98 9.84 9.03 11.36 18.60

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.49 2.49 3.27 6.42 6.01 6.75 2.34

Table 10B.3.110 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.955 0.0000 0.0000 -0.255 -0.447 -0.447 -0.979

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.01 0.0000 0.0000 0.491 0.672 0.672 0.751

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.236 0.225 0.225 -0.228
10B-170

Table 10B.3.111 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.56 -2.04 -2.04 -3.27 -5.94 -8.22 -16.53

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.62 10.63 11.31 13.71 19.79 20.23 22.41

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.59 9.27 10.44 13.85 12.01 5.88

Table 10B.3.112 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0096 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0069

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0017 0.0020 0.0020 0.0070

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0012 0.0014 0.0014 0.0001
10B-171

Table 10B.3.113 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.640 -0.0037 -0.047 -0.049 -0.049 -0.504

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.839 0.076 0.140 0.145 0.145 0.462

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.072 0.092 0.096 0.096 -0.042

Table 10B.3.114 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.016 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0042 -0.0042 -0.012

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0034 0.0078 0.0078 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0021 0.0035 0.0035 -0.0003
10B-172

Table 10B.3.115 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.03 -0.153 -0.386 -1.16 -1.16 -3.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 5.04 0.565 1.06 2.18 2.18 3.06

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.412 0.675 1.03 1.03 -0.106

Table 10B.3.116 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
10B-173

Table 10B.3.117 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.382 -0.0067 -0.045 -0.045 -0.045 -0.223

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.483 0.027 0.087 0.087 0.087 0.251

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.020 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.028

10B.3.15.37 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.118 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 37.39 -1.49 -2.90 -3.01 -4.90 -5.18 -7.24 -25.39

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 25.19 2.09 3.64 3.98 6.92 6.89 8.10 12.61

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.606 0.745 0.967 2.02 1.71 0.862 -12.77
10B-174

Table 10B.3.119 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.37 -1.13 -1.13 -1.95 -3.54 -4.80 -9.71

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.80 3.63 3.86 4.85 6.98 7.13 7.91

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.50 2.73 2.89 3.44 2.33 -1.80

Table 10B.3.120 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7

Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.82 -0.091 -0.266 -0.695 -0.695 -2.17

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.18 0.229 0.441 0.828 0.828 1.29

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.138 0.175 0.132 0.132 -0.873
10B-175

Table 10B.3.121 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.93 -0.653 -2.06 -2.07 -3.01 -3.51 -4.69 -16.40

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.47 0.633 2.18 2.20 3.52 3.74 4.23 6.46

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.019 0.120 0.132 0.514 0.234 -0.458 -9.95

Table 10B.3.122 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.46 -0.836 -0.836 -0.944 -1.89 -1.67 -2.55 -8.98

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.72 1.46 1.46 1.78 3.39 3.14 3.87 6.16

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.625 0.625 0.835 1.51 1.47 1.32 -2.83
10B-176

Table 10B.3.123 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.529 0.0000 0.0000 -0.142 -0.248 -0.248 -0.543

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.345 0.0000 0.0000 0.168 0.229 0.229 0.256

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.026 -0.018 -0.018 -0.286

Table 10B.3.124 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.84 -1.13 -1.13 -1.81 -3.29 -4.56 -9.16

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.45 3.63 3.86 4.68 6.75 6.90 7.65

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.50 2.73 2.87 3.46 2.35 -1.51
10B-177

Table 10B.3.125 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0038

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0042 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0014

Table 10B.3.126 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.355 -0.0021 -0.026 -0.027 -0.027 -0.279

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.286 0.026 0.048 0.050 0.050 0.158

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.024 0.022 0.022 0.022 -0.122
10B-178

Table 10B.3.127 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0090 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0023 -0.0023 -0.0064

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0063 0.0007 0.0012 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0026

Table 10B.3.128 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.23 -0.085 -0.214 -0.641 -0.641 -1.75

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.72 0.193 0.362 0.745 0.745 1.04

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.108 0.148 0.104 0.104 -0.709
10B-179

Table 10B.3.129 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0015 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0003

Table 10B.3.130 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Growth Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.212 -0.0037 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.124

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.165 0.0091 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.086

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0049 0.0049 0.0048 -0.038
10B-180

10B.3.16 Low Price Trend Scenario

Figure 10B.3.16 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low 

Price Trend Scenario

Figure 10B.3.17 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent 

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Price Trend Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-181

Figure 10B.3.18 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent 

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Price Trend Scenario

10B.3.16.23 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.131 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 65.92 -2.59 -5.05 -5.25 -8.53 -9.03 -12.63 -44.28

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 75.03 5.81 10.07 11.07 19.64 19.56 23.37 37.47

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 3.23 5.01 5.82 11.11 10.53 10.73 -6.81

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-182

Table 10B.3.132 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 19.88 -1.95 -1.96 -3.35 -6.08 -8.26 -16.76

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.41 11.08 13.91 20.04 20.47 22.69

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.46 9.13 10.56 13.96 12.21 5.93

Table 10B.3.133 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.86 -0.156 -0.456 -1.20 -1.20 -3.73

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.656 1.27 2.38 2.38 3.71

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.501 0.810 1.18 1.18 -0.016
10B-183

Table 10B.3.134 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 45.87 -1.14 -3.61 -3.62 -5.27 -6.14 -8.22 -28.76

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.08 1.89 6.14 6.19 10.00 10.71 12.24 19.26

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.744 2.53 2.57 4.74 4.57 4.01 -9.50

Table 10B.3.135 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 20.05 -1.44 -1.44 -1.63 -3.27 -2.89 -4.41 -15.52

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.95 3.92 3.92 4.88 9.64 8.85 11.13 18.21

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.48 2.48 3.25 6.37 5.96 6.72 2.69
10B-184

Table 10B.3.136 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.929 0.0000 0.0000 -0.245 -0.429 -0.429 -0.942

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.481 0.658 0.658 0.736

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.237 0.229 0.229 -0.207

Table 10B.3.137 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 18.95 -1.95 -1.96 -3.10 -5.65 -7.83 -15.82

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.41 11.08 13.42 19.38 19.81 21.95

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.46 9.13 10.32 13.73 11.99 6.13
10B-185

Table 10B.3.138 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0092 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0006 -0.0006 -0.0066

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0068

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 0.0003

Table 10B.3.139 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.613 -0.0035 -0.045 -0.047 -0.047 -0.481

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.142 0.452

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.092 0.095 0.095 -0.028
10B-186

Table 10B.3.140 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.015 -0.0007 -0.0012 -0.0040 -0.0040 -0.011

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0076 0.0076 0.011

Cumulative Source

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0021 0.0036 0.0036 0.0000

Table 10B.3.141 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 3.86 -0.145 -0.367 -1.10 -1.10 -3.02

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.553 1.04 2.14 2.14 2.99

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.408 0.672 1.04 1.04 -0.022
10B-187

Table 10B.3.142 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0025 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0015

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002

Table 10B.3.143 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.365 -0.0064 -0.042 -0.042 -0.043 -0.212

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.246

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.020 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.034
10B-188

10B.3.16.37 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.144 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 36.56 -1.44 -2.81 -2.92 -4.74 -5.02 -7.02 -24.59

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 24.79 2.06 3.59 3.92 6.81 6.78 7.97 12.41

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.626 0.783 1.00 2.07 1.76 0.959 -12.18

Table 10B.3.145 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.07 -1.09 -1.09 -1.87 -3.39 -4.61 -9.35

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.57 3.80 4.77 6.88 7.03 7.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.49 2.71 2.90 3.48 2.42 -1.56
10B-189

Table 10B.3.146 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.71 -0.087 -0.255 -0.668 -0.668 -2.08

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.435 0.815 0.815 1.27

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.138 0.180 0.148 0.148 -0.806

Table 10B.3.147 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 25.43 -0.635 -2.00 -2.01 -2.92 -3.41 -4.56 -15.96

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.27 0.623 2.15 2.17 3.47 3.69 4.16 6.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.012 0.145 0.157 0.546 0.275 -0.399 -9.60
10B-190

Table 10B.3.148 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.14 -0.803 -0.803 -0.906 -1.82 -1.61 -2.45 -8.63

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.52 1.44 1.44 1.75 3.34 3.10 3.81 6.06

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.638 0.638 0.847 1.53 1.49 1.36 -2.57

Table 10B.3.149 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.517 0.0000 0.0000 -0.136 -0.239 -0.239 -0.525

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.165 0.226 0.226 0.253

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.029 -0.013 -0.013 -0.273
10B-191

Table 10B.3.150 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 10.55 -1.09 -1.09 -1.73 -3.15 -4.37 -8.82

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.57 3.80 4.61 6.65 6.80 7.53

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.49 2.71 2.88 3.50 2.43 -1.29

Table 10B.3.151 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0051 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0037

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0013
10B-192

Table 10B.3.152 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.342 -0.0020 -0.025 -0.026 -0.026 -0.268

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.049 0.049 0.155

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.022 0.023 0.023 -0.113

Table 10B.3.153 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0086 -0.0004 -0.0007 -0.0022 -0.0022 -0.0061

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0024
10B-193

Table 10B.3.154 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.15 -0.081 -0.205 -0.615 -0.615 -1.68

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.190 0.357 0.734 0.734 1.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.109 0.152 0.119 0.119 -0.655

Table 10B.3.155 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0014 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0008

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0002
10B-194

Table 10B.3.156 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.204 -0.0036 -0.024 -0.024 -0.024 -0.119

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.084

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0053 0.0054 0.0054 0.0054 -0.034

10B.3.17 High Price Trend Scenario

Figure 10B.3.19 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High 

Price Trend Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-195

Figure 10B.3.20 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent 

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Price Trend Scenario

Figure 10B.3.21 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent 

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Price Trend Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1 2 3 4 5

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Trial Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2105 (Quads) Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 7%

Net Present Value ($Billions) discounted at 3%
10B-196

10B.3.17.23 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.157 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 73.98 -3.08 -5.93 -6.17 -10.05 -10.60 -14.78 -52.03

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 75.03 5.81 10.07 11.07 19.64 19.56 23.37 37.47

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.73 4.13 4.90 9.59 8.96 8.59 -14.56

Table 10B.3.158 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 22.77 -2.35 -2.36 -4.17 -7.50 -10.15 -20.22

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 30.98 10.41 11.08 13.91 20.04 20.47 22.69

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.06 8.72 9.74 12.54 10.32 2.47
10B-197

Table 10B.3.159 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 5.88 -0.194 -0.564 -1.46 -1.46 -4.56

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 6.26 0.656 1.27 2.38 2.38 3.71

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.462 0.702 0.911 0.911 -0.852

Table 10B.3.160 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 50.76 -1.32 -4.17 -4.18 -6.08 -7.09 -9.43 -33.08

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.08 1.89 6.14 6.19 10.00 10.71 12.24 19.26

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.572 1.97 2.01 3.92 3.62 2.81 -13.82
10B-198

Table 10B.3.161 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 23.22 -1.77 -1.77 -1.99 -3.97 -3.51 -5.35 -18.95

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 37.95 3.92 3.92 4.88 9.64 8.85 11.13 18.21

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.16 2.16 2.89 5.67 5.34 5.78 -0.742

Table 10B.3.162 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 1.05 0.0000 0.0000 -0.294 -0.509 -0.509 -1.11

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.991 0.0000 0.0000 0.481 0.658 0.658 0.736

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.187 0.149 0.149 -0.375
10B-199

Table 10B.3.163 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 21.72 -2.35 -2.36 -3.87 -6.99 -9.64 -19.10

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 29.99 10.41 11.08 13.42 19.38 19.81 21.95

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 8.06 8.72 9.55 12.39 10.17 2.85

Table 10B.3.164 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.011 -0.0001 -0.0006 -0.0007 -0.0007 -0.0080

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.012 0.0010 0.0016 0.0020 0.0020 0.0068

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0009 0.0010 0.0013 0.0013 -0.0012
10B-200

Table 10B.3.165 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.739 -0.0044 -0.055 -0.057 -0.057 -0.588

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.821 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.142 0.452

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.070 0.082 0.085 0.085 -0.136

Table 10B.3.166 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.019 -0.0008 -0.0015 -0.0049 -0.0049 -0.013

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.018 0.0021 0.0033 0.0076 0.0076 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0013 0.0018 0.0027 0.0027 -0.0024
10B-201

Table 10B.3.167 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 4.67 -0.181 -0.454 -1.35 -1.35 -3.69

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 4.94 0.553 1.04 2.14 2.14 2.99

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.372 0.585 0.789 0.789 -0.697

Table 10B.3.168 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0030 -0.0001 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0018

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0033 0.0002 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0017

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 -0.0001
10B-202

Table 10B.3.169 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.442 -0.0077 -0.052 -0.052 -0.053 -0.262

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.473 0.026 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.246

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.018 0.033 0.033 0.033 -0.016

10B.3.17.37 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10B.3.170 Liquid-Immersed Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.91

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 40.33 -1.67 -3.22 -3.35 -5.45 -5.75 -8.02 -28.21

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 24.79 2.06 3.59 3.92 6.81 6.78 7.97 12.41

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.920 1.56 1.76 3.31 3.30 4.09 7.01

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.395 0.372 0.573 1.36 1.03 -0.042 -15.79
10B-203

Table 10B.3.171 Low-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.617 0.616 0.616 0.615 0.614 0.613 0.610

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 12.42 -1.27 -1.28 -2.25 -4.06 -5.49 -10.97

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.63 3.57 3.80 4.77 6.88 7.03 7.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 3.05 4.39 4.48 4.94

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.30 2.52 2.52 2.82 1.53 -3.18

Table 10B.3.172 Medium-Voltage Dry-Type Transformers, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.223 0.223 0.223 0.222 0.222 0.221

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 3.19 -0.105 -0.305 -0.793 -0.793 -2.47

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 2.15 0.225 0.435 0.815 0.815 1.27

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.147 0.286 0.530 0.530 0.841

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.120 0.129 0.022 0.022 -1.20
10B-204

Table 10B.3.173 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.800 0.799 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.796 0.794 0.785

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 27.71 -0.715 -2.26 -2.27 -3.31 -3.85 -5.13 -17.98

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.27 0.623 2.15 2.17 3.47 3.69 4.16 6.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.356 1.000 1.01 1.69 1.85 2.17 3.65

Net Present Value

(Billion $) -0.092 -0.115 -0.104 0.164 -0.168 -0.962 -11.62

Table 10B.3.174 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.13

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 12.61 -0.953 -0.953 -1.08 -2.14 -1.90 -2.89 -10.23

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 12.52 1.44 1.44 1.75 3.34 3.10 3.81 6.06

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.564 0.564 0.748 1.62 1.45 1.93 3.36

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.487 0.487 0.677 1.20 1.20 0.919 -4.17
10B-205

Table 10B.3.175 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.574 0.0000 0.0000 -0.160 -0.277 -0.277 -0.604

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.340 0.0000 0.0000 0.165 0.226 0.226 0.253

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0000 0.107 0.144 0.144 0.160

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0055 -0.051 -0.051 -0.351

Table 10B.3.176 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.596 0.595 0.595 0.594 0.593 0.592 0.588

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 11.85 -1.27 -1.28 -2.09 -3.78 -5.22 -10.36

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 10.29 3.57 3.80 4.61 6.65 6.80 7.53

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 2.28 2.43 2.94 4.24 4.34 4.78

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 2.30 2.52 2.51 2.87 1.58 -2.83
10B-206

Table 10B.3.177 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0060 0.0000 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0004 -0.0044

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0041 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0016

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0020

Table 10B.3.178 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.401 -0.0024 -0.030 -0.031 -0.031 -0.318

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.282 0.025 0.047 0.049 0.049 0.155

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.016 0.032 0.033 0.033 0.104

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.023 0.017 0.018 0.018 -0.163
10B-207

Table 10B.3.179 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.010 -0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0027 -0.0027 -0.0073

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0062 0.0007 0.0011 0.0026 0.0026 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0005 0.0007 0.0017 0.0017 0.0025

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0001 -0.0001 -0.0035

Table 10B.3.180 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.173 0.173 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.171

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 2.53 -0.098 -0.246 -0.731 -0.731 -2.00

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 1.69 0.190 0.357 0.734 0.734 1.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.123 0.234 0.475 0.475 0.678

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.092 0.111 0.0029 0.0029 -0.972
10B-208

Table 10B.3.181 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.0017 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.0011 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0004

Table 10B.3.182 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Price Trend Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 

Transformer 

Shipments 2016-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016

Equipment Costs

(Billion $) 0.240 -0.0042 -0.028 -0.028 -0.028 -0.142

Operating Cost 

Savings (Billion $) 0.162 0.0089 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.084

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2105 (Quads) 0.0062 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.055

Net Present Value

(Billion $) 0.0047 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 -0.057