PE3 283 279

EPA 908/4-77·-006

EMIE;SIONS OF PRODUC:ING

C~IL AND GA~) WELL~)

NOVEMBER 1977

FINAL REPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

ROCKY MOUNTAIN PRAIRIE RE'GION

DEINVER, COLORA,DO 802~:9

REPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL '

INFORMATION SERVICE

u. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCI , SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 •

ATTENTION

AS NOTED IN THE NTIS A~mOUNCEMENT,

PORTIONS OF THIS REPORT ARE NOT LEGIBLE.

HOWEVER, IT IS THE BEST REPRODUCTION

AVAILABLE FROM THE COpy SENT TO NTIS.

TECHNICAL REPORT DATA . (Please read IIlsJructions on the rev~rsc before completing)

:JRT NO. =12

908/4-77-006 PE~.I~/·:e3S2~~q .E AND SUBTITLE . RE~'R1"'A

NoveIT:ber I 1977 ssions of Producing Oil and Gas Wells 6. PERFORMINGORGANIZ,oTION CODE

HOR!S) 8. PERFOFMING ORGANIZPTION REPORT NO.

ian Corporation 100-114

FORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGFIAM ELEMENT NC>.

ian Corporation

. Box 9948 11. CONTFIACT/GRANT NO.

0 Shoal Creek Blvd.

68-01-3700 - tin, Texas 78766

.)NSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND 'ERIOD COVERED

Final

14. SPONSORING AGENCY GODE ion VIII

o Lincoln Street

ver, Colorado 80295 PPLEMENTARY NOTES

ject Officer for this study was Terry L. Thoem (303/837-5914), EPA, Re:~ion VIII,

ver, Colorado.

STRACT

This report describes the methods and re1m1ts of a program to assess the

ssions of oil and gas wells. The impact of the emissions was determin.~d through ombination of source testing for fugitive emissions, ambient air quali:y itoring, and meteorological monitoring. Fugitive emissions were detec:ed that ged from minute leaks to jet-type leaks. Ambient monitoring measured Jeriodica11y h levels of hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons at the oil field. Emisslon rates emission factors were determined for each of the wells sampled.

KEY WORDS AND DOCUI~ENT ANALYSIS ---

DESCR IPTORS b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. co ,ATI Field/Group

gitive emissions

bient air quality ! :_ and Gas I

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DocJment is available to the public through I

NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, 22151 f2D. SECURITY CLASS (This pGee· !22. PRICE, / j __________L -+-'fc;:;".,L·,·-dl."-?~7I&~f:.._· /«......0.....1...... EPJ\ Form 2220-' (9·73)

I

EPA 908/4-77-006

EMISSIONS OF

PRODUCING OIL AND GAS WELLS

November, 1977

Submittec to:

Terry Tboem

Environmental Protection Agency

Region VIII

Denver, Col.orado

Contract No. 68-01-3700

Prepared by:

Radian Staff

.

1- a....

ABSTRACT

This report describes the methods and results of a

program to assess the emissions of oil and gas wells. The impact

of the emiss ions was determined through a combination of Sl)urce

testing for fugitive emissions, ambient air quality monito-ring,

and meteorological monitoring. Fugitive emissions were de~ected

that ranged from minute leaks to jet-type leaks. Ambient monitoring measured periodically high levels of hydrogen sulfide :md

hydrocarbons at the oil field. Emission rates and emissio":J.

factors were determined for each of the wells sarr~led.

This report has been reviewed by EPA, Region

VIII, and approved for publication. Approval does

not signify that the contents necessarily reflect

the views and policies of the Environmental Protection

Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial

products constitute endorsement or recorrnnenclation

for use.

PREFACE

This document describes a study of the emissions from

an oil and gas field and was prepared under EPA Contract No.

68-01-3700.

The study was conducted under the direction of Mr.

Terry L. Thoem, Project Officer, Environmental Protection Agency,

Region VIII, Denver, Colorado.

Acknowledgement is given to Chevron Oil Company <;vhose

full cooperation greatly facilitated the field work. Mr.tlilliam

Jackson and Mr. Roy Chambers of Chevron contributed significantly

to the program in providing advice and assistance.

ii

I.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION 1

II. SITE DESCRIPTION 3

III. EXPERU1ENTAL 17

A. Ambient Air Monitoring.................. 17

B. Fugitive Emission Sampling 22

IV. RESULTS 32

A. Fugitive Emission Sarrpling 32

B. Air Quality Results..................... 39

V. DISCUSSION 63

VI . SlJM11ARY 75

Appendix A - Meteorological Summaries

Appendix B - Tract C-b Air Quality Data

Appendix C - Tract U-a, e-b Air Quality Data

Appendix D - Tract C-a Air Quality Data

iii
TABLE

II-I

11-2

III-I

IV-I

IV-2

LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

Production of Crude Oil, 1973 Through 1975 ------ 8

Basic Data Rangely Weber Sand Unit

Rangely Field, Colorado ------------------------- 9

Sample Documentation Form

Unit Information ---------------.------------------ 24

Leak Survey ------------------------------------- 34

Variations in Leak Rates -------..------------------ 35

IV-3 Emission Data ----------------------------------- 37

IV-4

IV-5

IV-6

IV-7

IV-8

IV-9

IV-I0

IV-II

IV-12

Hydrocarbon Analyses Results .---------------------- 38

Sulfur Analyses --------------------------------- 40

Diurnal Variation of Ozone (ppb)

Trailer 034, Well 9-X, 11/33/76-

12/01/76 ---------------------------------------- 42

Diurnal Variation of Hydrogen Sulfide

(ppb) Trailer 033, Well 9-X,

11/22/76 - 12/01/76 ----------------------------- 43

Diurnal Variation of Hydrogen Sulfide

(ppb) Trailer 034, Well 9-X,

11/22/76 - 12/1/76 ------------------------------ 44

Diurnal Variation of Total Hydrocarbons

(ppm) Trailer 033, Well 9-X,

11/22/76 - 12/02/76 ----------------------------- 45

Diurnal Variation of Methane (pprr0

Trailer 033, Well 9-X, 11/22/76 -

12/02/76 ---------------------------------------- 46

Diurnal Variaticm of Wind Speed (mph)

Trailer 033, Well 9-X, 11/22/76 -

12/01/76 ---------------------------------------- 47

Diurnal Variation of Wind Speed (mph)

Trailer 034, Well 9-X, 11/22/76 -

12/01/76 ---------------------------------------- 48

iv
TABLE

IV-13

IV-14

IV-IS

IV-16

IV-17

IV-18

IV-19

IV-20

IV-21

IV-22

IV-23

IV-24

LIST OF TABLES

---eCont inced)

PAGE

Diurnal Variation of Wind Direction,

Trailer 034, Well 9-X, 11/22/76 - 12/ 01/ 76 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - 49

Diurnal Variation of Ozone (ppb)

Trailer 034, Collection Station,

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 51

Diurnal Variation of Hydrcgen

Sulfide (ppb) Trailer 033, Collection

Station, 12/2/76-12/11/76 ----------------------- 52

Diurnal Variation of Hydrcgen Sulfide

(ppb) Trailer 034, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 53

Diurnal Variation of Total Hydrocarbons

(ppm) Trailer 033, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 54

Diurnal Variation of Methane (ppm)

Trailer 033, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 55

Diurnal Variation of Total Hydrocarbons

(ppm) Trailer 034, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 56

Diurnal Variation of Methane (ppm) Trailer 034, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 57

Diurnal Variation of Wind Speed (mph)

Trailer 033, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 58

Diurnal Variation of Wind Speed (mph)

Trailer 034, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 59

Diurnal Variation of Wind Direction

Trailer 033, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 60

Diurnal Variation of Wind Direction

Trailer 034, Collection Station

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 -------.----------------------- 61

v
TABLE

V-l

V-2

V-3

V-4

V-5

V-6

LIST OF TABLES

-rContinued)

PAGE

Diurnal Variation of Difference in H2 S

Levels Between Station 033 and 034

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 67

Diurnal Variation of Differences in THC

Measurements at 033 and 034

12/2/76 - 12/11/76 ------------------------------ 69

Monthly Summary of Air Quality Parameters

Rio Blanco Oil Shale Project -------------------- 70

Monthly Summary of Air Quality Parameters

Rio Blanco Oil Shale Project -------------------- 71

Monthly Summary of Air Quality Parameters

White River Shale Project ----------------------- 72

Monthly Summaries of Air Quality Parameters

Tract C-b Oil Shale Project November and

December, 1976 -.--.-----------.-------------.-------- 73

vi
FIGURE

11-1

11-2

11-3

11-4

11-5

11-6

11-7

11-8

11-9

11-10

111-1

111-2

111-3

111-4

111-5

IV-l

LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE

Location of Rangely Weber Sand Field ------------ 4

Rangely Field ----------------------------------- 5

Rod Pump -- ----- ----------- ------------'---------- 6

Submersible Pump -------------------------------- 7

Location of Stations at Well 9-X ---------------- 11

View of Well 9-X and Monit8ring Station --------- 12

Well 9-X ---------------------------------------- 12

Collection Station ------------------------------ 14

View of Submersible Pump Well 6 ----------------- 15

Location of Monitors at Collection Station ------ 16

Cutaway View of Monitoring Trailer -------------- 18

Examples of Units Sampled During Study ---------- 25

Leak Rate Determination ------------------------- 26

Leaking Value Bagged for S~mpling --------------- 27

Sample Calibration Curve for Gas

Chromatograph ----------------------------------- 30

Ambient THC and CH 4 Concentrations at

Station 034 Near Well 9-X -----------------~----- 50

IV-2 Ambient THC and CH 4 Concentration at

Station 033 East of Collection Station ---------- 62

IV-3 Ambient THC and CH4 Concentrations at

Station 034 West of Collection Station ---------- 62

V-I Difference in H2 S Levels at Stations 033

and 034 Near Collection Sta.tion ----------------- 68

vii

1. INTRODUCTION

This report describes the methods and results of a

program to assess the air quality impacts of producing oil and

gas wells through a combination of source testing, ambient air

quality monitoring, and meteorological monitoring.

Pollutants emitted into the ambient air are either

controlled emissions or fugitive leaks. The number of controlled

emissions in an oil or gas field is not extensive and the primary

sources of emissions are leaks from which fugitive emissions

are released wi thout control of flm.; or direction. Many potential sites for fugitive emissions exist in the vicinity of an

oil or gas well. Types of installations, quality of materials,

production methods, and quality of maintenance are important

factors in determining the rate of fugitive emissions, and variations in these factors can cause emissions to be vastly different

from one well to another.

Since undetected leaks exist in an oil and gas field

and their impact is unknown, this program was undertaken tc

determine the magnitude of the prob :'.ems and the difficul tie s

associated wi th conducting such a study. Fugitivl= emissior.s

cannot be measured by standard samp~.ing and analyl:ical teetniques;

yet, the development of reliable measurement procedures is an

essential prerequisite to the development of strategies for the

~ontrol of fugitive emissions. Therefore, two of the primary

Jbjectives of this study were to develop the techniques for

:naking valid impact assessments of producing oil and gas wells

and identify potential problems in nmking such measurements and

assessments.

Two techniques were used in conjunction in this study.

One method was to sample the emission of a unit by bagging
techniques at the point at whic.h the fugitive emission is leaking.

After detecting and observing both gaseous and liquid leaks, the

leak rates were measured or approximated, and the emitted species

analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The other method

was the monitoring of the air quality in the vicinity of the work

unit after the emissions had leaked into the atmoE:phere.

Section II of this report describes the oil and gas

field studied in this program and the sites chosen for evaluation.

Section III describes the air quality monitoring equipment and

the fugitive-emission sampling techniques. Section IV presents

the sampling and monitoring results. Section V di.scusses these

results, and a. summary is provided in Section VI. The appendices

include meteorological summaries and ambient air quality data

from other nea.rby monitoring networks.

2
II. SITE DESCRIPTION

The sampling and monitoring program was conducted at

Rangely Weber Sand Unit in Rangely, Colorado. Criteria for selecting this field as the test sitE: were location and accessibility,

availability, general operating procedures, type of field, size,

and stage of development.

The Rangely oil field is located in an environmE~nt

in northwestern Colorado where there are no significant man-made

sources of emissions. The location of the site ~vith respect to

the federal oil shale tracts is shown in Figure II-I. The relative locations of these sites are shown because each federal

tract has active ambient air monitoring stations. These rronitoring stations arE~ a source of background data on the existing air

quality surrounding the oil field.

The Rangely field is an oil and gas field employing

water injection techniques to enhar.ce oil recovery. A map of

the field is shown in Figure 11-2. The present production rate

is:

Oil 59,000 BID

Water - 227,0(10 BID

Gas 6,0('0 MCF ID

The Rangely field produces approximately 50 percent of the oil

in Colorado and was ranked nineteer.th in production in 1975 and

nineteenth in reserves in 1974 in the United States. Table 11-1

compares the production of the Rangely field to the productions

of Colorado, EPA Region VIII, and the United States. The field

uses both submersible electric pumps and the more familiar rod

pumps, shown in Figures 11-3 and 11-4. Gas engine driven rod

pumps are being phased out as the field becomes fully electrified.

3
fXJArea of oi I shale deposits

~Area of 25 gal./ton or richer

oil shale 10ft. or more thick

A Location of federal

lease tracts

Green River

COLO.

FIGURE 11-1. LOCATION OF RANGELY WEBER SAND FIELD

4
CMoIVlIIOfI Ou toW'UI,

WfB£" fORMATION

flOW UN{S

a COLLEC nON 5 unONS

RANGHY fl[lD IltO k.IIKO CDUOoU CGloaAOQ

0<0."._ ..._

:;.: =,;:T~~~;·~_·; ..·

'~~"'':''-:;- ..~.

T

Sampling Location~

F=4

r,=--:=-::.-=-J :.. ~~-=--'-=:----f-- ~~. I • 102 •

I.~., ... __' ,"': '." ': .. . /' f " -~J.!, I ..

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",' ,,'...~.~. ' I ~" .' ." ,; " i , ,. .' ..:='- L=l" .• f \iif"! -. '-_. l· ". ":''''j 1·1 . ~.'-~' .= . i' , .. ~.. . , , '~~~.\.,.•" .', .' .~.'" i .: '-~·~-c_··· .. tI' ",: ,. ,. J!' ';':'··:T~ l ..- ..".".,.. 'c .' , ", ,. •. '(. ..:. L ' ••• '~" ." l . I ·.. t·· . L_ - ---,_ .. -~,,-,-, , ! .,t. ,.. ,. .. r-.... I .". =-'=' l " I' .. . '.' ," . .. "'r!!""' I,' .' . , I ....~' ',' l ."':,.. ',..,.. ' . •.-~' •• ,~/,~-., II" .r· /.. ,_> .2 j 01.1 __ • ,-.~- , - I '--'Of 1..::;-,- /I 1··--'---- --- ~,.,,' --'" '-_.. ' ~. N -'" -r - . ,,,." '.<'1' . t'" I "" I 1 I

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L....:::l·.. r J ;.' :~.. -:.. _.;- ".. ,..." , .,,, it '.' ..If,. ,,:! ~'" "••"t,~" (-., •• ! ... ',-:::=--.l -'t.•

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"'1=..,J.... I-"=~' II •__••" \J'.':' I f2;:r-I = -"'- '-......: ,;~:,<~:0 ,. \.. JI I" -.~ ~~'iJ-- ......-::%~-:-. '••_<-' l_: l~A .

V1

l'.LliUKt. l.l-L

RANGELY FIELD
PUa.lPING UNIT

-----

-----

--_._---

--_.- -- --------

-------- I

! . ..... ,

-- ---- -- -_. --------_.

FIGURE 11-3. ROD PUHP

6
PUMP

=--===--==---= --------

-----

---------

SEAL !iECTION

MOTOR

--- ------- ---- -------

------- --------- -------

FIGURE 11-4. SUB~~RSIBLE PUMP

7
TABLE II-I

PRODUCTION OF CRUDE OIL

(m~11ions of barrel~)

Productioll

Production

Area 1973 1ST±- 1975

Rangely Field 19.378 20.294

Colorado ~6.590 37.508 38.089

EPA Region VII:;: 266.5 271.6

United States 3360.9 3202.6 3056.8

The Rangely field has been under waterflood since

October, 1958. Waterflooding is a recovery technique designed

to increase oil recovery and/or profitability of producing oil.

The production of oil arid gas from a reservoir is accompanied by

reductions in reservoir pressure which create decreases in production rate capability. In waterflooding, water is injected

into the reservoir at a pressure higher than the pressure in the

vicinity of injection. The injected water increases reservoir

pressure and displaces reservoir fluids toward areas of lower

pressure, normally the areas surrounding producing \vells.

The Rangely injection water consists of Vlhite River water

and produced v-7ater which is re-injected. The total daily injection rate is approximately 304,000 barrels per day. Vlhite River

water accounts for 77,000 barrels per day and is considered to be

consumed water. Other pertinent data for the Rangeley field are

presented in Table 11-2.

Two locations were chosen for tandem siting of the

ambient air monitoring stations. Thes,:;: sttes were chosen so that

two stations at each location could be used to obtain simultaneous

upwind and downwind concentrations. In this way the contribution

8
TABLE 11-2

BASIC DATA

RANGELY WEBER SAND UNIT

RANGELY FIELD, COLORADO

Producing Fonnation

Average Producing Depth

Average Reservoir Thickness

Productive Area

Original Oil in Place

Estimated Ultimate Oil Recovery

Cumulative Oil Production*

Cumulative Water Injection*

Original Average Reservoir Pressure

Present Average Reservoir Pressure*

Date Unitized

Injection Patterns

We'ber

6500 ft.

700 ft.

19,153 acres

1.6 Billion ffi)ls.

723 Million Bh1s.

510,255,473 rn)ls.

1,090,295,217 Bb1s.

27.50 psig

1995 psig

October 1, 19:>7

Peripheral, 5 Spot,

Diagonal & Cresta1

line drive

Injection fluids Water Gas

Date Injection Commenced Water: Pilot phase

12/57, Full s<:ale la/58

GaB: Commencl~d 11/50,

Terminated 5/1;9

WAG: Pilot Phase 1/72

Terminated 8n3

Number of Wells Active Inactive P & A Total

Oil Producers* 324 36 6 366

Water Injectors* 193 38 49 280

Gas Injectors* 0 0 a 0

Tota1* 517 74 55 646

*Data as of July 1, 1975

9
of a particular source could hopefully be obtained. The factors

that were used in selecting the actual sites were:

1) Types of wells or units in monitoring area,

2) Location with respect to the rest of the

field,

3) Potential sources of emissions in the area,

4) Access and terrain, and

5) Availability of power.

Two sites were chosen on the perimeter of the field in expectation that the proper wind direction 'VV'Ould give minimum

background levels at the station nearest the perimeter. The

northwest site was the most successful in this respect and provided the most accurate assessment of the contribution of the

oil and gas field.

The initial portion of the testing was conducted at

Pan American Hell 9-X on the southeastern edge of the oil and

gas field. Station 034 ",ras sited north of the well and Station

033 was sited south of the well. The locations of the monitoring

trailers with respect to the well are shm~m in Figure 11-5.

Fugitive emission sampling at Well 9-X was conducted simultaneously with the ambient monitoring. Figure 11-6 shows the location

of Well 9-X with respect to one of the monitoring stations.

Well 9-X was a gas engine rod pump well; another view of the

well is shown in Figure 11-7.

The latter half of the testing was conducted at

Collection Station Number 1 in the northTNestern portion of the

10
1 INCH=1000 FEET

• WELL

JI WATER INJECTION

WELL

11 S~UT-IN INJECTION WELL

PINJECTOR

•

• • •

•

p • •

•

•

• • [!2] JPAN AMERICAN ET AL

•

I t~ •• - "1-

2J I If I

L - - FIGURE 11-5

LOCATION OF STATIONS AT HELL 9-·X

11
FIGURE 11-6

VIE1;.] OF WELL 9-X AND MONITORING STATION

12.
field. Fluids produced from the Rangely wells are mixtures of

oil, gas, and water which must be Beparated. Collection stations are surface separation units that serve a number of wells.'

A diagram of a collection station j_s given in Figure II-8.

Trailer 034 was located \;rest of the collection statton

near the perimeter of the field whE~re there would be litt] e

influence from the field due to prevailing wind t:onditions.

Trailer 033 was sited east of the collection station near Pan

American Well 6, a submersible pump. A view of Hell 6 is shown

in Figure II-9. The latter site was subject to the influence

of the collection station and several producing \vells. The combination of monitoring sites durin~; this phase helps to assess

the contribution of the oil and gaE: field on air quality. The

locations of the monitoring trailers with respect to the collection station is shown in Figure II-10.

13
GAS TO GAS PLANT

r-"""--tl--

HEADER BULK

TRI~ATER

OIL.

WATER

OIL/GAS/WATER MIXTURE

FROM WELLS

TO INJECTION

TO PIPE LINE

METER

GAS TO GAS PLANT

~_--""'---_ OII~TEST TREATEA

METER -

WATER

r:ATER

PLA~-L~ANK

pmAIP

FIGURE 11-8

COLLECTION STATION

14
FIGURE 11-9

VIEW OF SUBMERSIBLE PUMP WELL 6

IS
• WELL

.J' WATER INJECTION WELL

.I! SHUT-IN INJECTION WELL

I

I •

I

I r---

....----- I_...------~-----

I if

I # .jf- •

I -NCOLLECTION

I STATION

if ;It 10331

t- O •

10341

L

I jfL---........-------r---.--r

•

1 INCH=1000 FEET

I

r---1

I

•

•

FIGURE 11··1(1

LOCATION OF MONITORS AT COLLECTIO;\I STATION

16
I I I . EXPERIMENTAL

This section describes the procedures and equiprrent

used for both the ambient air monitoring and the fugitive emission sampling.

A. Arriliient Air Monitorir~

Ambient air moni toring tE~chniques were employed to

determine the air quality in the inrnediate vicinity of the field

sources. The ambient air monitoring stations were operated

adjacent to Well 9-X from November 22 to December 1, 1976. The

stations were then moved to the vicinity of Collection Station

Number 1 and operated from December 1 to December 11, 1976.

For the ambient air quality monitoring portion of the

study, Radian used two of its continuous monitoring systems

housed in a twenty-six foot steel van. This van, pictured in

Figure III-I, provides a stable environment for the computercontrolled data acquisition system and air quality instrumentation. Two monitoring systems were provided for E!ach site and

monitored sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, total hydroca~)ons,

methane, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, wind speed,

wind direction, and temperature. Particulates WE!re not measured

during this study.

Air Quality Instrumentation

The air quality analyzers were multi-peint calibr'ated

at the beginning of the program and zeroed and spanned daily.

Nitrogen oxides were measured with a Meloy Model NA520

analyzer. This dual- channel analyzer is based on the chemLluminesent principle, and continuously monitors both NO x and NO. A

17
A

Stabilizing Jacks

II " " - ,. - "

;1 ; WtJek B('n~'h

II ~Bill.:'~c=

II Plat[onn

I

L _~....,

(Cabinet

WVl."k .:>pact;:_

c

~_ II

; ::~~II ..... '-"'k

111'111'11 :il'/II (lIp

Al L(~rnllle LOclltil>n 1\

1'-1/11. 'l'olvnl' I \ l __

l'l.tlt\

Ins trulllcntation Area

l;IlIIII' 'l'IIH/I

-----~b~-ir~ck__

_ IJ 1__

---------~,..."

----

.1

\

/

/

\

\

/

I urn.. J-OJ I / I

/ I

/1 ~_. II ~------ I I

1/ Poor I ,,<> II 1", I I

II \:!

~~\\\·j--(/l·" - --,.;.,~ ----- ---~;r~· II (_.- I I ''',

II 1

1

II II J...I... ... L. _. ""~' • ' ___

.. "-'-=='I1:=~:::::'.':._ I] .__.. .'=-._.,_:: __.~

H

H

H

, I

If--'

A

I

l

\

\

\

I-'

00
subtraction circuit in the instrument provides a continuouB NO z

output, but is not used in Radian's system. NOz'is calculated

by the computer by subtracting the NO value from the NO x value,

thus avoiding any drift which might occur in the NO z output of

the instrument. This instrument was multi-point calibrated

with NBS span gas using a dilution system. Span checks we]~e

made with a NO in nitrogen cylinder referenced to NBS. Thl~

NA520 has a minimum detectable sensitivity of 5 ppb (parts per

billion) and a linearity of ±l percent.

Both sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide were measured

with Meloy Model SA185 sulfur analyzers. The hydrogen sulfide

analyzer uses a l'1eloy Model SOx-l sJlfur dioxide scrubber and

the sulfur dioxide analyzer uses a :'1eloy hydrogen sulfide Bcrubber. The Model SA185 is a continuoJs analyzer, and utilizl~s the

flame photometric principle of oper3.tion. The minimum detl~ctable

sensitivity is 5 ppb, and the linearity is +1%. S02 permeation

tubes calibrated by the NBS -';'Jere used to calibrate the ana:.yzers.

The Meloy Model OA350-2R Ozone Analyzer was used to

monitor ozone. This continuous analyzer is based on the chemiluminescent principle and is EPA ap')roved as an equivalent method

for ozone. The analyzer was calibrated by the NBKI method as

specified by the Federal Register, and its internal span source

was verified for span checks. The minimum detectable sens:.tivity

of this analyzer is 0.5 ppb, and the linearity is +1%.

Total hydrocarbons, methane, and carbon monoxide were

monitored with a Bendix Model 8200 .sas chromatograph analy::er.

This instrument uses a flame ionization detector and has a

minimum detectable sensitivity of 5 ppb for all three components.

The Model 8200 works on a five-minute cycle, i.e., one air

sample is analyzed every five minut,=s, and the result is displayed for five minutes via a samplr= and hold circuit. ThE~

19
Model 8200 was calibrated with undiluted span gas obtained from

Scott Environmental Technology. This span gas contained methane

and carbon monoxide in air; methane was used to calibrate both

the THC and the CH4 channels. A cylinder of CO in nitrogen obtained from NBS was used as a further check on the CO channel.

The air samplE~ was drawn in through a glass cane and

manifold supplied by the Ace Glass Company. The system had a

25 nun diameter, and a constant air flow through the system was

provided by an air pump rated at 60 cfm at 0" head pressure.

The manifold has sampling ports to v,7hich 1/4" Teflon lines to

the instrument were connected. All joints in the sampling system

were secured by O-ring compression fittings. The manifold was

contained in a heated (lOOoF) chamber to prevent condensation

of moisture from the atmosphere.

Meteorological Instrumentation

The meteorological instrumentation consisted of a low

threshold cup anemometer and light 'V7eight wind vane, a humidity

sensor, and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor was

mounted inside a radiation shield, the~ Nadel TT-I02 Radiation

Shield for Temperature Sensing Devices by Texas Electronics.

All meteorological instrumentation vlaS mounted atop a IO-meter

retractable tower.

The anemometer l"laS the Model HI03 Cup Anemometer

by Weather Neasure. This is a high response, low threshold

wind system. Sealed and shielded stainless steel permanently

lubricated bearings and stainless steel precision ground shafts

are used exclusively. The anemometer has an accuracy of +1/0

or .15 miles per hour, whichever is greater. The threshold is

0.6 miles per hour, the distance constant is 5 feet, and the

range is from 0 to 100 miles per hour.

20
The wind vane was the Modf~l Wl04-2 Light Weight Vane

by Weather Measure. This vane features a special low density, high structural strength foam plastic tail eoated with a

high density epoxy and bonded to a stainless steel rod. A 1000

ohm, low- torque \vire-wound potentiometer, supplied with twCI

wipers for a 00 to 5400 system, is :,tandard. The response

characteristics of the Wl04-2 are:

Dead Band: 0 degrees

Damping Ratio: 0.4

Distance Constant: 3.5 feet

Threshold: 0.75 mile:, per hour

Potentiometer Lineari~y: +0.5%

o Range: 0 to 540

The humidity sensor was the Model 2013 Remote Reading

Relative Humidity System by Texas Electronics.

Data Acquisition System

The basis of the data acq1lisition syste":n was a Data

General NOVA 1200 minicomputer. Th'3 NOVA, which has a bastc

cycle time of 1.2 ].lsec was equipped with automatic program load

and power fail/automatic restart features. The computer utilized

8K 16-bit words of core memory. Analog-to-digital convers:_on

was accomplished via an ADC built bI Radian Corporation. ~~he

input/output unit for the system was Texas Instrument's KSll

733 keyboard/printer. This teletYP3 provided keyboard entry

and a hard copy printed output. The data were also recordf~d

on a cassette magnetic tape unit with three drives. The cassette unit is utilized for program storage and loading as uell

as recording. Several important fU:lctions in the instruments

as well as in the computer and the trailer were monitored by

lights on a System Status Panel. T:lese data lights were w:~itten

21
onto cassette tape to monitor the complete status of the system

every five minutes. Each channel was sampled once every second,

and the values were compiled into five-minute averages.

B. Fugitive Emission Saml2.1:ing

Producing well.s and collection stations were leak

tested for fugitive emissions. If a piece of equipment was

found to have a leak, tb.e leak rate was measured, and the

emission was analyzed for hydrocarbon and sulfur species.

Leak Detection

All units to be sampled were fi.rst inspected to

determine if cleaning was necessary. Residue build-up on

valves, flanges, and other types of coupling could have produced significant background errors in the results which would

have lead to a distorted analysis of the fugitive emission rates.

The two producing wells and various parts of the collection

station were stearn cleaned because of the heavy build-up of

residue. The stearn cleaning was followed by brushing, application of a solvent, and repeated rinsing with water.

Leaks at the various sampling locations were detected

by spraying the units with a pressure sprayer filled with a

soap solution. Leaks produced a bubbling effect at the source

of the leak. This technique is suitable for detecting even

very small leaks. Squeeze bottles of Snoop were also used to

detect leaks.

Leaking units ",ere photographed and documented according to the type and size of unit, i.e., (2-inch valve, 6-inch

flange, etc.), location of the leak on the unit (valve stern,

etc.), type of emission (gaseous, liquid), and arbitrary leak

rate. A sample form for documenting the units tE~sted is given

22
:~n Table III-I. Figure 111-2 shows a number of different types

of units that were leak tested and sampled. The leak rate ies-

:~gnations included 1) j et-type, 2) large, and 3) s low and mlnute.

~~hese designations will be discussed further.

Sampling Procedures

After a leak had been detected, the leak was bagged,

the leak rate was determined, and a sample was analyzed for

hydrocarbon and sulfur species.

A baggable source was any unit or component which

I~ould be completely enclosed by shaping a flexible sheet of

mylar plastic around it, thus sealir.g the unit completely from

:he atmosphere. This procedure insured the integrity of the

bagged sample by preventing atmosphE~ric contamination. Examples

of baggable units included valves, flanges, and similar equipment that could be enclosed by the f.:heet. Non-baggable sources

1rJere those units which were of such a size as to flake bagging

i.mpractical or units which had minute leaks. The details of

the sample collection are given below.

Once a leak had been found and was determined to be

baggable, the leaking unit was covered with a best fit sheet of

mylar plastic with a thickness of 10 thousandths of an incr. and

2quipped with a 1/4-inch nylon bulkhead fitting. This bulkhead

fitting served as an injection and/or withdrawal port. Mylar

'/Jas chosen as the bagging material because it is relatively inert

:md strong. The mylar sheets were vTrapped around each unit and

taped to form an air tight shroud.

The leak rate was determined by connecting a 1/4-inch

tee to the bulkhE!ad fitting on the hag. One s ide of the tEe

was connected to a water manometer and the other to a dry §;as

23
Unit

Inspection Number

Unit Number

Sample Method

Leak Type

Product

Time

Date

Line Temp.

Line Pressure

Location

Remarks

TABLE 111-1

SAMPLE DOCUMENTATION FORM

UNIT INFORMATION

24
Rod Pump Hellhead

Units on Collection

Station Treater

Well Mani::old At

Collection Station

FIGURE 111-2 EXAMPLES OF UNIT; SAMPLED DURING STUDY

25
meter or bubblementer. The manometer measured the pressure drop

across the orifice, and the dry gas meter or bubblementer measured

the volume of gas flowing through it. The volume of gas, as

determined by the dry gas meter, was observed for an elapsed time

of generally one or two minutes. By dividing the volume of gas

in liters by the elapsed time in mintes, an uncorrected leak

rate was determined. This value was then corrected for the

pressure drop using the barometric station pressure. The

manometer reading was converted from inches of water to inches

of mercury and then used in the foll~~ing equation for the

corrected leak rate:

Leak Rate = (Leak Rate) f.!?· P. + manometer readiggl

corr. uncorr L 29. 9:2" Hg J

The dry gas meter was used to measure large leak :rates, but slow

leaks were insufficient to produce a positive gas flow capable

of being measured on the dry gas meter. 1Nhen the dry gas meter

could not be used, a bubblemeter was substituted for it in the

measuring loop. Figure 111-3 shmvs the arrangement for determining the leak rate on a unit that has been bagged.

FIGURE 111-3

LEAK RATE DETERMINATION

26
Samples of the gaseous emissions were taken from the

bag by introducing a 5.0 cc precision gas sampling syringe

through the bulkhead fitting, flushing the syringe four to

five times with the gaseous contents of the bag, and then filling the syringe and locking in the contents. The syringe was

equipped with mininert valves so that the syringe could be airtight when necessary and so that connection could be made to

the bulkhead and repeatedly sample the gases in the bag without

the puncturing associated with normal syringe samples. After

the valves had been closed and the syringe disconnected, the

closed syringe was immediately taken to the instrument trailer

where the sample gas could be analyzed by the portable AID

chromatograph or the sulfur analyzers. Figure 111-4 is a closeup view of a valve that has been bagged and is ready to be

sampled.

FIGURE III-4

LEAKING VALUE BAGGED FOR SAMPLING

27
Analytical Procedures

Samples of the fugitive emissions were analyzed for

total hydrocarbons, specific hydrocarbon species, sulfur dioxide,

and hydrogen sulfide. The emphasis was upon the quantitative

total hydrocarbon analyses. All analyses required sample dilution.

All hydrocarbon analyses were performed using an AID

Model 511 Portable Gas Chromatograph. Once a sa~)le had been

collected and carried to the analysis area, it was necessary to

dilute the sample to bring the hydrocarbon concen,:ration down

into a measurable range. A 100:1 dilution was the most suitable

since this dilution would bring a 100% hydrocarbon mixture into

the 1.0% or 10,000 ppm range which was the approximate upper

limit of the standard hydrocarbon gas used to calibrate the

chromatograph. Care had to be taken to use ultra-pure air «1

ppm THC) for the dilution process because the ambient concentration of hydrocarbons was sufficient to introduce error. To make

the dilution with the gas syringes, all but 0.5 ml of the sample

gas was forced out of the syringe, then refilled with ultra-pure

air. After locking this mixture in the syringe with the mininert

valve, the plunger was cycled four to five times to thoroughly

mix the contents. Again all but 0.5 ml of this gas was forced

out and the syringe refilled with ultra-pure air and mixed

thoroughly as before. The sample was then ready for analysis.

To analyze the gaseous emissions both q~antitatively

and qualitatively, an AID Hodel 511 gas chromatograph equipped

with a flame ionization detector was used with nitrogen as the

carrier gas and ultra-pure hydrogen and compressed air for the

flame detector. The calibration of the gas chromatograph was

performed daily with standard hydrogen gases. Dilutions of

a span gas were made to approximately 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, and

28
10,000 ppm concentrations using the same method as the sanple

dilution process. The various concentrations of standard gases

were inj ected into the gas chromatograph using the total ':1ydrocarbon mode (column bypass) and the peak heights observed.

After measurements, all peak heights were converted to th~ corresponding peak height of a standard attenuation setting. These

peak heights were then used to construct a calibration curve of

peak heights versus hydrocarbon concentration. A sample :urve

is shown in Figure 111-5. A calibration curve wa.s prepare:! each

time that analyses were performed. When the diluted gaseJus

sample was injected into the GC, its peak response was re:orded

and the concentration obtained from the calibration curve.

This value was then corrected for the dilution factor to Jbtain

the hydrocarbon concentration present in the original gas~ous

emission. The GC conditions were kept constant throughout all

testing to obtain consistent results.

The various hydrocarbon species present in the gaseous

emissions were qualitatively analyzed using a column pack~d

with 80-100 mesh chromosorb 102. Standard samples of met:lane,

ethane, and propane were injected into the GC, a.nd their retention times were noted. These species eluted as expected 'iVith

the lightest being eluted first. Next samples of the gas~ous

emissions were injected and analyzed for the various species.

Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide were analyz~d

for in the fugitive gaseous emissions by using the sulfur analyzers

in the monitoring trailers. Five ml samples were taken from

the bagged sources as previously described and then injected

into six-liter Tedlar bags equipped with screw-type valve3.

The Tedlar bags which had been partially filled with ultrapure air were then filled to capacity with ultra-pure air and

kneaded to insure proper mixing. The Tedlar bags could tlen

29
140 -

I

120 -j /

1001 / I

Z I

0

/ IW

80

0

z

W

lI-

«

I-

« 601

I

/

40

1

20 I

o r iii iii I i

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

CONCENTRA TlON (PPM)

6000 7000 8000

FIGURE 111-5. SAHPLE CALIBRATION CURVE FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPH
be connected to the inlet ports of a sulfur analyzer and

treated as ambient samples. The process was to first attach

the Tedlar bag in series with an H2 S scrubber and the sulfur

analyzer which 'would give the S02 concentration of the ga;eous

emission. The scrubber would then be removed and the sam)le

drawn directly into the analyzer. This step wou.ld give t:le

total sulfur concentration and the H2 S concentration could be

derived by difference.

31
IV. RESULTS

A. Fugitive ~mission Sampli~

Gaseous, gas/liquid, and liquid leaks were detected

in the oil and gas field. The emphasis in this p:C'ogram was

on gaseous leaks which fall into the two categories of baggable

and non-baggable leaks.

Not all units leaked at the same rate, so leaks were

divided into sub-groups according to their emissions rates.

Leaks were classified as (1) minute and slow leaks, (2) fast or

large leaks, and (3) jet·-type leaks. Slow and minute leaks

were those that were not apparent upon visual inspection but

which caused a "nesting" of bubbles when sprayed \\lith soap solution. A slow leak would have an emission rate of 0.5 ml or less

per minute. This is an arbitrary unit and serves as an indicator of the range. Slow and minute leaks Here arbitrarily

assigned leak rates of 20 ml/hour because such leak rates could

not be precisely determined. Large leaks are defined as leaks

that can be felt with the finger but not of the jet-type. Jettype leaks are high-pressure leaks that can be heard or seen.

These leaks are easily characterized.

Most leaks were in the minute-slow category and could

only be detected by the nesting of the soap solution around

the leak. Several jet-type leaks were found, and some could

be heard up to 100 feet a\·my. Most large leaks were around

the cap and stem of various sizes of valves, while most of the

smaller leaks were found in lines around smaller fittings.

A few liquid leaks were observed,

valve had an intermittent gas/liquid leak.

part of the leak was continuous, the liquid

32

and one particular

While the gaseous

portion was not
continuous and would flow at seemingly random intervals. This

liquid leak would flow virogously for periods of eight minutes

or longer and then cease. The liquid leak rate was measurl~d at

18.2 ml/minute. No operating procedure or parameter could be

definitely identified as causing the intermittent liquid ll~ak.

Most liquid leaks noted during the study were so small tha: they

were only detected by the build-up of residue over a long period

of time.

There were potential sources of emissions in the field

that could not be sampled because of physical dirr,ensions o'C'

structures. These sources included oil storage tanks, wat,~r

tanks, oil spills, old mud pits and sumps, etc.

The results of the leak detection findings are gLven

in Table IV-I. The leak survey identifies the types and n'.lmbers

of components that were checked and the range of leak rate3 that

were observed. The leaking units were found after testing three

electric submersible wells, four rod pump wells, and a collection station. The percentage of leaking units was 9.7/0 of the

total checked.

During the leak survey, some leak rates were fou~d to

vary with time. This condition was initially focnd when testing

the same locations on separate days; also, the leak rates could

vary within short periods of time as indicated by the example in

Table IV-2 for two valves at Well 9-X. However, most leak rates

were constant, and those leak rates that varied did not give

noticeable changes in the concentrations of components.

Fugitive emissions from leaking units were analyzed

for total hydrocarbons, specific hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds. Emission data, including rydrocarbon content and rates,

are given in Table IV-3. The emission data are the results at

seven producing wells and one collEction station.

33
TABLE IV-l

1

LEAK SURVEY

Ty?e of

Unit

No, of Units

Checked

No, of Leaks

Detected

Percentage

Leaking

Minimum

Leak Rate

Maximum

Leak Rate

Valves 156 25 16.0 0.020 I/nr. 15.6 I/min.

(936 l/hr.)

0.020 ml/hr. 0.020 ml/hr. 2

LV

+'

Flanges

Connectors

(tees, elbows,

unions, etc.)

36

148

a

2

a

1.4

NA NA

ST,;AJagelockT'ype

Fittings

TOTAL

31

371

9

36

29.0

9.7

0.020 ml/hr. 0.020 ml/hr. 2

}The [;urvey \laS conducted on three subncrsible pump wells, four rod pump \'I7ells, and

one collection station.

2AII leaks for connectors and Swagelock fittings were slow leaks and were arbitrarily

assigned rates of 20 ml/hr.
TABLE IV-2

VARIATIONS IN LEAK RATES

w

V1

Number

1

2

Site

Well 9-X

Hell 9-X

Type

Unit

valve

valve

Date

11/22/76

11/22/76

Time

1100

1200

1215

1400

Leak Rate

(liters/min. )

2.37

6.18

2.18

1. 41
The emission results are presented on the basis that

the hydrocarbon content is measured as methane. The emission

rates were calculated on a daily basis from the hydrocarbon composition and the leak rate. The production rates for each

well allowed the calculation of an emission factor as well as

an emission rate per well.

Table IV-3 presents data for only a portion of the

collection station. Not all of the possible fugi~ive emission

sources could be sampled at the collection station, and a complete emission value for the entire station could not be obtained. Several structures such as a large tank open to the air

could not be sampled with the availa.ble equipment. There were

also enclosed portions of treaters that had definite fugitive

leaks, but hydrogen sulfide had collected inside these structures,

and it was deemed unsafe to work inside these structures for the

extended periods required to sample and makE" accu:::-ate leak

rate determinations. Ambient samples were taken of the air

inside one of the heaters at the collection station and analyzed

for S02 and H2 S. The results indicated levels of 4 ppm S02 and

19 ppm H2S.

In addition to total hydrocarbon analyses, the emissions were also analyzed to determine spE~cific hydrocarbon

components. Hethane, ethane, propane, and varying amounts of

what were probably isomeri.c butanes were found in the fugitive

emissions. The butanes and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons

were almost negligible. The exact amount of each species

varied with sampling location. Table IV-·'~l- presen":s the results

of the specific hydrocarbon analyses; the individual species

are presented as percentages of the total hydroca~bon content

and not of the total stream.

36
Production Type of Production Rate Number of

Unit Uni t BOPD BWPD Leaks

9-X RP 23 45 8

6 ES 122 1542 1

35 ES NA NA 1

36 ES 55 1050 1

2 RP 32 25 1

3 RP 60 187 0

w 7 RP HA NA 0 -....J

oca. 1." \.;0.1.1. oca. -- -- c'l

JOJ' - Rod pump well

ES - Electric submersible well

STA - Collection Station No. 1

NA - Not availa~ole

TA3LE 1'1-3

EMISSION DATA

Percent

Hydrocarbon

87

90

82

78

;;4

Emission Rate

(Lbs. Hydrocarbon/Day)

16.5

0.007

23.4

0.009

< 0.0010

None

None

cc.Ow

Emission Factor

(Lb. Hydrocarbon/Barrel Oil)

0.717

5.7 x 10- 6

-

1. 6 x 10- 5

3.lxlO- 5

0

a

* The emission values for Collection Station No.1 do not include all possible fugitive emissions.
TABLE IV-4

HYDROCARBON ANALYSES RESULTS

LV

00

Leak Producing Type of Percent Total

Number Unit Unit Hydrocarbon(TH~

1 Well 9-X valve 87

2 Well 9-X valve 87

3 Hell 9-X valve 87

9 Collection valve 94

Station

10 Collection valve 94

Station

~----_._--~---~---- --_._"-----.

Percent Percent

CH 4 C2 H6

54.6 22.6

54.4 21. 4

54.9 22.8

46.7 30.8

45.4 30.4

Percent

C3 HS

22.8

24.2

22.3

22.5

24.2

NOTE: The individual hydrocarbon components are presented as percentage of the

total hydrocarbon rather than as percentages of the total emission flow.
The fugitive emissions cantained both 50 2 and H:~5.

The 50 2 concentrations varied generally between 3 ppm and 10

ppm. However, H2 5 concentrations ';.;rere much higher, ranging

as high as 1200 ppm in the undiluted gaseous emissions. ~~nalyses of the sulfur species in fugitive emissions are presented

in Table IV-5.

B. Air Quality Results

The diurnal variations of the important air quality

and meteorological parameters are summarized in Tables IV·-6

through IV-24. Tables are not given for 50 2 and NO x bec~lse

the concentrations were negligible throughout the study. The

50 2 was below detectable limits at all times. The ozone I::oncen trations were also not significant, which is reasonabl,~

for the time of year when the moni toring occured. If the::-e

was little difference in the parameter measured at each t':-ailer

a t one of the sites, only the results of Trailer 034 are :~iven.

This situation 'was common at Well 9-X where the trailers Here

close together and emissions were not sufficient to cause a

significant difference between upwind and downwind statiO:1S.

Tables IV-6 through IV-13 give the results of t~e

monitoring at Well 9-X. Tables IV-14 through IV-24 prese~t

the results of the monitoring near the collecticn station.

The important air quality results are those for H2S, THC, and

CH 4 . These parameters were the ones most affected by the oil

and gas operations.

When the stations were located near Well 9-X, t~ere

were no significant differences between the mea~urements at

the two stations. Traces of hydrogen sulfide were detected,

but there were no values above 19 ppb. Total hydrocarbon

concentrations exceeded 50 ppm for extended periods as noted

39
TABLE IV-5

SULFUR ANALYSES

Leak Producing Type of SOz Hz

S

Number Unit Unit (ppm) ~) 1 Well 9-X valve 7.2 326 9 Collection valve 9.6 529

Station

10 Collection valve 3.0 600

Station

.j>0 11 Collection valve 804 1200

Station

35 T,To 1 1

7 "t"T"

1 .... "Tr'\ ':'l c.. ':'l I. <:: W'f '-..L.L. J I VCL..L.VC ..loU ..l'+.J

':'lc.. ToT,., 1 1 ') c.. ,.~

1 ~T'" 1f'1

0

1 '1"" ..lU nc:...L.J... L.V VCl.LVe .LVoU .LLVU
in Table IV-9. These high concentrations were mainly due to

nonmethane hydrocarbons. The total hydrocarbon and methane

concentrations are compared in Figt~re IV-I.

When the two monitoring stations were located near

Collection Station No.1, there were significant differences in

the H2 S and the measurements. Station 034 located upwind and

on the perimeter of the field recorded lower values for both

parameters. Station 034 recorded E2 S levels above the minimum

detection sensitivity only 6.6/0 of the time, while Station 033

recorded levels above this value 5~;. 7/0 of the time. Station

033 recorded total hydrocarbon concentrations over 50 ppm for

approximately 87/0 of the monitoring, but the THe levels at

Station 034 were generally in the ::-6 ppm range E~xcept for

one brief excursion at the end of the monitoring period. However,

the methane concentrations were comparable at both stations for

the same periods. Figures IV-2 and IV-3 are graphic comparisons

of the differences in the hydrocarbon measurements at the two

stations. Station 033 as seen in Figure IV-2 shows the effects

of the surroundi.ng sources of emis~;ions.

41
Table IV-6

Diurnal Variation of Ozone (ppb)

Trailer 034, Well 9-X

Period (11/22/76 to 12/01/76)

DAY

16

16

29 30 1

119

*

28 r----- ~--

-

2 3 2 - ....-

2 6 2 oS 4 1

1-------.-

4 2 2

2 I

-

9 2 ----

9 --;-\ 1

15 15 I 1 I

18 A.3_

26 10 I 5 ----- I

26 19 I 11 1,

28 25 I 16

6

7

5

5

5

H:~ 1

22 ~U3 24_ -- 25 26 2

2 0 0 29 3

--1-- --f-----

2 2 0 0 28 3

3 2 0 a 29 3 -~'-r4 a 0 a 29 3

1---

5 a 0 a 27 3 --~----1---

6 a 0 a 38 3 - ~-

7 a 0 a 28 3 - ._--- --~-I-~

8 1 0 a 29 3 -- --

9 5 5 3 31 3

---

10 15 13 9 31 3 --_ ... ~--. 1-------- 1---------1-----

11 24 23 20 13 31 3 -.---- -----.,... f---------------

12 31 27 2 1

'Of 20 31 3' -~-~ -~--- ~---~- _._-- --~~ ---.--I-~--

13 35 33 33 29 30 4:

--"-I---- -_..-

14 40 37 35 31 29 41 _ .._-. ~-f--------- -- -----_.~

15 45 41 31 34 31 3' --f----- -----~------ 16 44 37 30 31 32 3' .-.- -----------~- - , - _.---

17 32 23 3:2 34 31 3 ----~-~- -------~-_. -.~._------ --------~ ----

18 15 6 7 35 31 ') (

L

--~--- ._---_._-_.._- .----_.-I-~-

19 7 3 1 34 31 11

~- --------,--------- -_._---

20 6 2 1 30 31 1 -, -O---O-iS[3i--ri: 21 3

------ -- --------1----- -_. 22 2 a 0 27 31 1-

---~-+-- -----:---,-- 23 2 0 0 2e 1_ ~ll '

24, _~2- ~---OT--()l---19--~- 3!---,~--;

42
Table IV-'7

Diurnal Variation of Hydrogen Sulfide (ppb)

Trailer 033, ~e11 9~X

Period (11/22/76 to 12/01/76)

nt.v

22 23

14 6

11 8 o 0

27 28

o 0

HOUR

1

2

3

4

9

13

7

24

7

8

7

25

9

8

12

8

26

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

29

1

1

o

o

5

6

13

12

9

13

9

8

o

o

o

o

o

o

2

3

o

o

7

8

9

10

11

9

11

6

9

12

11

2

7

7

6

1

5

6

10

7

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

3

2

o

o

o

o

o

o 0

o

o o o

o o 0

o

2 o o

2

------c-.-----~--- .- -----~ _.----- .. -._.~ ~- - ---

II 3 0 i 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 i

12 2 --0--0----0- - 0 0 -O-c- 0 0 ---1-

=~=:==~:~-~:---~-+- : ---i-- : e-:---c--~i+-~+[== 15 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

16

17

----.---+----j-----f----- ---.- ---

18

19

20

5

8

4

o

4

o

4

10

o

o

o

o

o

o

o o

o

2

o

o

o

---+--+-.--- 21

22

10

9

5

2

43
Table IV- 8

Diurnal Variation of Hydrogen Sulfide (ppb)

Trailer 034, Well 9-X

Period (11/22/76 to 12/01/76)

DAY

7 0 0

9 0 0

11 0 0 ---- -----.

10 0 0

13 0 0 -----

7 0 0 ---

11 0 0 ---.-----

9 0 0

10 0 0 ----,-_._- - ---

o

o

2

6

2

2

7

3

2

3

1 I 5 --~..--t---7--if-6-~---

-----+----

1 8 7 I 2

3 5 I 8 14~1 ~Lo 1 3 3 i

~~~-I~--, c------~_.L I

o I 5 II 6 i 3 i

I

o

o

5

o

o

23

- HOUR 22 2~L_ 24

1 10 12 --

2 8 10 --~ --.;.....----r---.- - --..-

3 14 9 ---_.--- 1-----f---

!~ 6 11

5 11 11 --f-----f--- _

9----' 6 11

7

==R--~-I~ 8 10 8

9

___L: 4

----- 1--"

10 0 - -- 1----

11 0 0 0

--f- e---

12 0 0 0 --------- -_..

13 0 0 0

---

14 0 0 0 I --~- ----_.-.......1.-..-----

15 0 0 0 I - -

-------t- 16 I

3 0 o I

I

--'---------t--

__l~___~~_I_~O ! ~~__~_~_~__i._

19 ~~-t-~---:_- 20 ~+_~_L5_~_

21 8 3 I 2 I

22 12 p--~---~- ____..______ .. _L___ __

44
Table IV- ~I

Diurnal Variation of Total Hydrocarbons (ppm)

Trailer 033, Hell 9-X

Period (11/22/76 ~o 12/02/76)

DAY

HOUR 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

1 >50 >50 >50 35.6

49.9 32.0

5

6

7

>50

>50

>50

>50

>50

49.8

>50

>50 30.3

>50

>50

>50

33.3

34.4

36.6

8 >50 49.9 49.2 30.6 49.~1 39.4 --~-~ ---_------~-----f_------I_-------+---------------~-- ------~___+_---

13.1 40.7 48.4 26.1

11.8 37.1 41.3 23.7

10.5 36.4 37.5 27.3

49.~, 38.0

42. I 15.9

39.L.

18.5 37.':,

----- -------t-------+---1

33.4

33.3

30.7

24.0

9 43.2 45.1 >50 29.3

12

10

11

l----1r-------t----t--~- - ----

9.5 36.2 36.6 28.8 cal

14

13

15

-----+-----1----------

----+---+---.----+---------t----+-----

31. 4 17. E

14.8 36.0 36.0 30. 0- ~2-.-8---+------+-3-4~~9. I -I

1------- 1-

2 -.~--i+--3--5-.8-~~8-3--0 .-S----f---,--l-s-.8--+--------+-34. 6 27:L:--\~----'

=_1~6-__-_-+~1-4_-._7=-j---_4~.~2~~:-~3~5~.~9~_:~3-4_-.-1-f-3-""'0-.-2----=-= -- 34 . 6 33 . lJ _ _ 17_--+1_5_._1--1--_1_

3_._6....+-3_5_._9-+-__33_.9--+_2_8_._9 + __- _-__t--_-_-t-_3_5_._3---t_3_4_.:'__+-I__

18 20.0 36.1 41.4 32.9 28.5 -- -- 37.135.': i I

---f---+------+--___+_ 1----+---+---- ----1---

19 20.0 49.2 48.6 32.2 25.7 -- -- 38.9 39.1 I

----t-----+--------t---t------t----+---!

20 20.8 >50 >50 32.3 27.6 -- -- 44.0 37.(1 1

39.7 >50 >50 33.5 31.0

49.1 45.2 >50 33.9 31.6

21

22 I ----l------------ -- ----- -------j~-

:~ ::: ~:: l~:~7 -~::: ,~-~: :I<~- ,~--- :::~ ~:- ----I ________________ _ J ' '---------- _

45
Table IV-10

Diurnal Variation of Methane (ppm)

Trailer 033, Well 9-X

Period (11/22/76 to 12/02/76)

DAY

7

6

6

6

6

--1---._-t---.

25 26 2 --~---

6.2 1 .1 O. -

5 .4 0.9 O. -----

6 .3 1 .2 O. -"--- ---

6.1 1 .4 O. ---

6.4 1.0 O. --

5 . 6 O. 7 O. -

5 3 0.6 O. ----I---

,4- . 9 O. 6 o. 1T----

5.6 0.6 O. ----f__--

l~.8 0.6 O. ._.~._-----

!

:2 6 I

0.6 O. -- . ~- ... _-~.~l---

1 .5 O. 6 O. --- --

1 . 1 0.6 O. -- -_.._._"._-- ---_._--- -

0.8 O. 6 - ----_._-- ----_._--- ~--_.-

5.9

5.5

5.2

3.0

5.0

1.0

1.5

1.1

0.9

7 .. 2

7 .. 8

6 ..4

5.2

1.1

1.8

0.9

0.8

0.8

--- 1------------- -

3

6

9

7

4

5

8

1

2

22

14

16

17

21

18

12

13

15

10

11

-------1-----._-+----'---

7.3 5.7

---·---f-----I------f---·--·- -

28 ! 29 30 I 1 f-----. ----- r----I

-----.-1

-- -. 13.812.2 - -----1---.--1-----,

I 11.8 10.8

--i-------+- ----l-- ----'.---

I

11.1 I 0.7

I -- ----

13.6 ! 0.6 I

.- I

6 13.4 O. 7 i

6 12.9 -~~-I

6 113.7 11. 7

__:~[_~~ 6 i2~-

6---- I .' 1 7.9 i 2 . 2

-~- ---.- I 5.1 l-- --. -~---- -~-~--f--~~~----r-~I

.. --~~-::-r~2 I_-~_

~·I-=--:"" !~12..!_1 ..- i

- I - - i 1. ~-I1. 9 I I

I ----1---~~, ')r-~j------l

o 7 : :-~:= ~:: ::: I:~~~r~~ _1)L¥:r ~:I

~: :.:~: :-r~· ~~:.: -::-1 ~: J~:~I_~. ~-t- i

_.~:-- 2. 7,-4-9-·::~~: I;:~:-L;· 6T-'-_1-=-=_-.1-If ~~ .".d~-

6.7 6.4 4.6 1'/ . --! -- I _. I . I

-------,--- f-.. --.....------.-,-----.-.. " ---------1-~--'--·--r··----·--··--r------·l--·~----

__:(~ .__ .. 81_L._8 §~O I l. o~J_g_~~_L __ i g~):_Q__l1.Q.:2. ' _

----f__---- ------1-----1-----

HOUR 22 23 24 - ---- ------+------- ---- -

------+---f-------+-----

---,---1-------_.-1------------

---,,--~-----+---t-------

-.---+---1- --- --f----+----

------+---+------f__---.-'---

5.7 7.1

--i-------f ------f------- f..--

-----+------- f__---- 5.7 -----

6.4 1

5.7 4_9 ------+-----~f__-~-.- .

7 .. 5 6.3

---_.+-----+----- ----~--
Table IV-l1

Diurnal Variation of ~rind Speed (mph)

Trailer 033, v,'ell 9-X

Period (11/22/76 to 12/01/76)

DAY

-

HOUR 22 21 ?4 2') 2fi .-n 28 29 .10. 1

1 0 0 0 1 2 6 1 0 1 17 --I---._~

2 0 0 0 1 1 9

lJO 2 8 .. ---- 3 0 0 0 1 5 7 o 0 1 5 - 4 1 1 0 1 5 5 0 1 1 5

5 1 0 1 0 7 5 0 0 1 2 _. .-

6 0 0 0 0 10 6 0 0 0 2 --t--.

7 1 0 0 1 12 6 0 1 0 1 _ ... --- --f---. --_.---- 8 0 0 0 0 8 6 2 3 0 3 - f-------..

9 0 0 0 0 15 8 3 1 1 1 -------- e- -~------- - _.-.1----.. -

10 0 2 0 0 16 9 0 1 1 4 ----~-- ._._-f-,-_ .._--t--. .._--- --~.- .. --- '1

11 1 0 0 0 17 12 0 1 0 I

! 1----.-1------- j--- --- j----~--_._.- ---~---

_.. - ,

12 1 0 °1° 14 10 1 2 2 _. -_._-1------- _ .. ._----- 13 1 0 o 1 14 10 2 1 1 '-- .•_--- ---_._-1---'--" .. _-~_.- .

14 4 0 1 3 16 9 3

-*-~ _._.--_._- 1--.__.... 1---._--1-------- ----- -' -- -'----.

15 2 0 1 14 17 7 5 2 1 . I----.~'-.__•. '-

~~

,

16 1 0 1 11 16 7 4 o 1 -'-

17 0 1 1 12 14 8 2 1 2 .._-- I 18 1 1 0 18 12 5 2 2 I 2 --- ---- 1--._.- -- -_._-~_.

_.

19 0 0 0 18 16 1 1 1 I 4 _.__. '-'-f------ .._,-~--~-1---- -- i 1---.-

20 0 0 0 12 11 3 1 1 I 2

11------

21 0 0 0 5 7 1 1 1 2 --f---------.1--- ---"11---_._-

22 0 0 1 5 10 1 0 1 2 ----._-f-,-.•._-1------... ---_.c--'--------r---'-- -----T-· 23 0 0 0 5 9 2 0 1 2

__~~.___ .__~_J~~~_-i·J~_~--~._-' 2~.~_-~~~J=~-~:- 0_.~~~~ ___11_ 3~~=--'.

47
Table IV- 12

Diurnal Variation of Wind Speed (mph)

Trailer 034, Well 9-X

Period (11/22/76 to 12/01/76)

DAY

48
TABLE IV-13

Diurnal Variation of Wind Direction

Trailer 034, Hell 9-X

Period (11/22/76 to 12/01/76)

DAY

:lOUR 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1

1 332 341 347 31 69 335 5 300 320

2 314 336 306 309 70 355 296 332 298

3 350 339 309 253 84 329 318 308 44

4 267 311 299 282 87 359 308 2 14

5 359 342 357 360 94 345 359 345 353

6 335 326 311 49 80 337 31 329 13

7 313 271 310 50 70 41 131 290 349

8 348 5 322 63 60 40 44 0 2

9 4 355 306 55 78 51 298 349 332

.LO 69 22 336 56 60 50 354 278 332

L1 20 356 272 89 52 I 69 8 347 301

L2 304 0 12 339 53 !

70 342 292 1

L3 299 47 0 256 39 70 350 340 322

.4 302 19 322 172 26 63 186 52 22

_5 280 334 13 261 25 45 253 266 235

.6 30~ 329 161 278 33 42 269 350 217

.7 353 358 253 269 44 43 333 2 263

.8 338 16 350 261 46 61 0 322 123

.9 355 353 16 261 46 66 266 280 20

'.0 325 0 11 258 64 56 297 309 281

:1 318 318 358 246 56 57 359 7 320

.2 0 337 345 242 60 324 326 302 351

.3 273 25 296 308 51 353 353 6 24 i

4 I 325 318 349 259 65 339 352 I 354 12 I

I , J I I I I

r

L

r

L

r

L

r

L

r

L

49
r IM~ I \

I \

>00j (~ ~n n

II \ I' \ I \ n ; i I I I I 1

:::; 40 1 I , \ I

g r u «

a:

i- JO j!I o

g I I I I 1 \ I II 20 ( I I \ I Ii

t

l

! \ I' \' v

'" _ M,\~ A • M A

~_~~4\)~V~)'r\~~~_ J ~)~ I NOV 2'] NOV 2-4----·-T ------ I Iii i i

23 '24 25 NOV 25 26 NOV 26 27 NOV 27 26 29 NOV 29 30 NOV 30 1 DEC 1

DATE

U1

o

FIGURE IV-l. AlffiIENT THC AND CH 4 CONCENTRATIONS AT STATION 034 NEAR WELL 9-X
Table IV- 14

Diurnal Variation of Ozone (ppb)

Trailer 034, Collec~ion Station

Period 12/02/76 to 12/11/76

DAY

HOUR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 9 10 11 .

1 13 12 23 19 25 21 19 34 19

2 14 12 22 17 25 20 22 37 20 ._-

3 10 13 17 11 25 16 7 38 21 --I--.

4 5 10 12 20 24 16 10 35 16 _. .-

5 4 7 6 25 22 14 12 31 16

6 5 3 12 23 22 13 10 32 14

7 6 3 15 24 21 8 11 29 14 _.----'

8 8 4 14 16 21 9 6 25 12 -

9 12 10 18 19 23 14 14 26 10 ._ ....

10 10 12 21 24 27 21 11 30 ---_.. ..- ._-- _.. -- II 13 17 25 25 33 26 16 35 f-..

12 20 23 24 28 35 31 22 37 . f.-.--.--- L..- .. --~- ----"-'--- _._- •.. _. -

13 27 21 24 24 35 39 37 25 37 .1---..- --- _~••__ - .I --- --~--~._-

----~._.-

1ft 33 28 23 31 39 42 39 34 38 --'- .- _._-f--. ._.~--- ~_.-L..-._.-

15 34 29 24 34 43 43 38 35 39 . - t---._--.. *- - 16 35 27 23 34 42 42 33 33 40

-_.-_ ....-

17 33 19 22 33 32 39 29 31 38 1-. ----

18 28 22 21 JO 27 35 24 29 26 .- .. .. - -- ----

19 17 24 16 30 23 32 25 26 30 ._--f-----.

20 28 24 17 30 25 31 26 27 34 _.. -

21 24 25 19 27 27 31 31 29 29

22 21 26 20 27 26 24 28 33 27 ---- -- I----- .-~- -_._-

23 15 14 19 29 26 27 25 23 24 - -'---~._---- ---- ---1------- ------------ 24 14 8 22 27 26 25 10 30 21 - - ----, - _._._---_.._-_..-~-_._---------_ ..- _._---------_. - .--

51
Table IV-1S

Diurnal Variation of Hydrogen Sulfide (ppb)

Trailer 033, Collection Station

Period (12-02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

o

o

o

5 6

11

7 8 I 9 10 i 11 ------ ----L----i------t----t

3 7 1 14 I 8 0 I 15

--:- : -::--1 l~ I--+t--H~-~ ____0 _ ~_ =~~48~r2l12- 0 I 7

o 7 42 l 0 I 16 0 16 I

15 I

----+-.__.- - '--

-- --- -------j.--~- -- --, _L I

o 6 10 8 I 12 I 7! ! -------- ------------ ----------l--- -------1-----'

: 1_ :-~liJ--H- ~l--: 6 0 010: 110 i

j ________ ' I I : . . .L .---_ ___.__.,

o 'I 4 i 0 I 0 ! , , .---..---.--.--- -----.----.--. -._ .. .-----.~-~_. ·_-t-·

8 0 0 01 O! 0 I ,

_____J,~ I~_~__ . .. .__._ --_···_·-~·_--------t-----~---- 'I;'i

7 0 0 21 1 0 ' I

.--------.--------. '-r---T--~-- ,-----.!

5 0 0 O! I 1L i I ---7- -;-5- --···0---·1 22--i-------I--i--~-- : ..------- .--------- -----.----..---:-- --1-' --r----- - '-----.

6 21 4 ! 29 i i 10 ___._ .. ~- ..-------.--t.,-----------·---;~--~-----· -~-----~---~ -_

6 14 3 i 14 i 10 I 19 ' i I I '

--6--------31--- -- -1 4--r-u-I--5-1·-11---r------

,i :

~~--r~~-I=r ;I~~H:-: I I··ll:~-r:: ._. ._---' i--------.-- --------------'1----------1·--·-· .. ----- -.--.-------------

7 I 30 7 I 5 I a 9

-,----.-- ------ .--~-----.+------ t----------;-----·-

7 I 6 12 i 12 i a 5

1- ' . .... _

HOUR 2 3 4 - ---- --f1 16 27 ---'-I--

2 5 36 _.

3 6 3"'L

--'--- -- -_._-~---

L~ 8 51

--f---

5 4 37 " -~--- ----I--

6 15 31 +----.._----- -

7 .----~+--~- -I

8 10 3 I ~- r- 9 8 0

1n --0'---'-0---1-

----.- ---. -------. i .

11 0 9

--- -f--

12 0 11

1-------f--------.f13 0 11

--- 1---_. 1-------1--

14 0 0

';'--- --------.-I--

15 0 0

1---.'_--_.'.._--_._.- ._.

16 0 0 --- _.-

17 0 3 2 --------

18 4 ~---] 17 7

_.- ._--1----- -----_. -- --- --------_.- ._.

19 25 14 I 4

--- ------- _._----- ._--

20 21 16 2 -_._--- ---'--'- --

21 9 11 1

_._- _._. -----._.__.- f--.

22 12 11 1 ._-~

23 IS 13 0

I--- --- ._. '-.--" -_.

2!f 19 4·0 2 I

52
Table IV- 16

Diurnal Variation of Hydrogen Sulfide (ppb)

Trailer 034, CollEction Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

HOUR 2

1

o

2

3

4

5

------

1 4 2 o

o 0 o

o

3

6

o 0 0

11 0 ---- ~---+-----

11

12

6

1

a

a

1

1

o

a a 1 2

1

o

a

a

o

a

-----1--- ~-t-------c---------1-----1----+---+--------------~ 1

--=-~~-----~:I~-:~~---1__-_:__--j---~.=:==:~~--:~--+~:---+---~.-t---:--+--:-+--:-t--

17 a a a 4 a a 0' a a ------- --------- -----j--------1------1------;1----1-----f----

18 a a a 10 a a a I a

:: ... -:-- :-=1 : __~_-:----:----t---:--I:-:--~'I-------,

i

l I 22 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 2 0 I

-;_:_~~~~~~T~_ J~_J:_l_~__ I.:_~3~=~_: +_--1

53
>50

HOUR

1

2

3

6

7

2

Table IV- 17

Diurnal Variation of Total Hydrocarbons (ppm)

Trailer 033, Collection Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

>50>50 i >50 _____. ..~_. .1 _._._. _

>50 , >50 I >50 .___ .L .._1._

>50 I >50 I

__ ••• __.•.. - • _~. _~_~. ._._ - • ._ .. __.__ ._._~ _-. 1

54
Table IV-1i1

Diurnal Variation of Methane (ppm)

Trailer 033, Collection Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

HOUR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 -- -_..

1 3.2 3.6 1.3 -- 0.9 1.7 1.7 0.8 2.3

2 1.8 4.3 0.9 -- 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.7 2.2 - _._-_.-. -

3 1.7 3.8 0.8 -- 1.8 1.6 1.7 0.7 2.1

._-- _. -- -- --'.. _..- Lj. 2.1 6.1 1.1 - - 3.2 1.5 1.9 0.6 2.1

-- 5 1.6 4.9 1.3 -- 3.5 1.4 2.3 0.7 2.4

-_..

6 2.6 4.3 1.0 -- 2.9 1.4 2.1 1.1 2.4 -- -

7 1.6 2.2 0.7 -- 2.1 1.5 2,0ll.~-- 2.4 ~---

-'.. '-

8 2.0 1.6 1.2 -- 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.6

'._-

9 1.9 2.0 1.7 -- 2.3 1.8

--_. .- ---2'$'-1---.....•-

10 1.0 1.0 1.3 - - 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.6 .- .-----i ~--- . ._----_.,-~.-

11 0.9 0.7 I -- -- 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1

!

1--~7 '----. .._---,....._- -----,--- --.~---

12 0.5 -- -- 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.6

-_..- ---~. _.-f---- ---",'----

13 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 I

---l--·-· -- - -

_ I .._-- ---- ----,...........-- ---- -- --_._---~ -_.- .__.

14 0.5 0.6 -- -- 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5

---- ~.--~ --- -.'-- f------

15 I

0.5 0.5 -- -- 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8

-- .. .- -

16 0.5 0.5 - - -- 0.4 1.5 0.6 0.6 _.. -- ---- ._----- 17 1.4 1.1 - - 3.1 0.7 1.8 0.6 0.6

-----_. -_. -.

18 0.8 2.3 1.8 - - 2.3 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.0 --------------."- --_._-. ------

19 1.7 1.4 1.9 -- 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 _._~-- --_.- ._- .---

20 1.5 1.5 1.5 -- 2.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 .- --- --

21 1.4 1.4 1.1 - - 3.1 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.9

55
Table IV- 19

Diurnal Variation of Total Hydrocarbons (ppm)

Trailer 034, Collection Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

HOUR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 9 10 11

1 2.3 5.3 3.7 11 6.7 4.5 4.2 3.9 4.2

---t---t----t----+--,--+---+-----+---f----+---t----l

1.8 4,7.

4.1 6.0 4.0 4.3 6.8 3.8

6.3 4.1 4.1 5,1 5.6

2

3

4

5

1.8 5.0

4.8

4.7

7.2

11

11

6.3

4.8

4.2 4.0 6.2 4.3

8.6 4.3 4.4 5.6

3.9

6.2

6.8

4.9

_6_-+__+--__-+_7_._°-+-__6_._4-+-_5_._2t--__4 . 8 !+. 6 ~_.9---jL.--3_._9-+-;_1_8--1

_7_--+-_--+ -l-_8_.~_._'-)._3-+-_5_.8-+-_4 . 3 4. 7 ~,:_2-+-_3_._8_-+-I'_4_8--1

8 6.5!I 4.8 8.0 5~ 5.4,5.0 I ') 4. 3 '( 45

==:=0==:====:====:==:=:=::~ .=:=.:=::===:=::::~~~:__:_:t ::: I:._:~-l-'_:_:_:-+_4_3_1

_1_1_-+-_-+-_2_.2-+_5_._7_-+-__5_._4-+-_4_._71--__4 5 . 3 7. 4 4 . 2

12 7 . 8 4.1 6.4 4.6 4.4 I 4.8 5.1 3.8

I

_13_--+__+--4_.9--+_4_._6-+-__6_._2-+-_3_.9-+-_4~,_3_._7-1-_5.._0_+--3_._6-+-__

14 1 . 8 4. 4 4. 5 4. 3 3 . 6 .3 3. 3 3 . 6 ! 3. 6

-,----t-----f--.- 1'----+----+----+---

_15_-t-_4_._2+--4_.8_+_3_._8-+-__3_._7-t,__3_._2+-__3__._3~,_3_._4-+-_3 ._.5_,t-1_3_._5-+__

16 3. ° 4.6 3.6 4.5 , 3.5 3.4! 3.5 3,8 I: 3.4 __-+__+--_.-+__-+-___ I -f---t------t-.__+-__ . I '

_17_-+-,_--J._4_._4--J._3_. . 9 : 3 . 3 3 . 3 1_3_._6_1-_3 ,'_6_+--1_3_.5__ __

18 I 4. 1 3. 9 3 . 5 ,) . 7 I 3 . 4 3 . 4, 3 . 7 3 . 6 i 3. 4

-----l------if-----+------f---- I -.---J-----;'-----------

19 4.9 3.9 4.1 4.8~ 3.5 3.6 i 3.7 3.8 ,: 3.4

---4--+----+---_+_ I ---1 ,-!--

20 1.5 4. ° 3.7 3.9 I 3.61 3.4 I 3.6 3.8 3.5

-21--+-1-.-6f--4-.-0-+--3-.--7-+--- 8. 31 3 . 7 ! .3 . 6 : 3. 4 3 . 8 .3 . 7

---4--+----+----+----. I r-----I

22 I 1.8 4,3 3.7 I 7.31 3.81 7.6 i 3.5 3.9 3.9

-23---+1-2-.-1+-5-~ i 3 6 i 4-.5~j-4-.-3-+--6'-,6-+-4-.-4-:---.

_24_--,--_2_._IlL-..-. 6.2 .3.8! ).21 .3.6 I 3.8 6.7 4,7 4.3

56
Table IV·· 20

Diurnal Variation o~ Methane (ppm)

Trailer 034, Collection Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

HOUR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 r 9 10 11

1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 1. (I 1.0

3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.2 1. (I 1.3

4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.;; 1.4

5 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.;; 1.1

6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1. (I 1.2

7 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1. (I 0.4

8 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1. (I 0.4

9 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.;; 0.4

10 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1

11 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1. (I

12 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1. (I

13 3.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1. (I

14 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1. (I

15 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 O. ~I

16 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1. (I

17 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 O. ~I

18 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 O. ~,

19 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 O. ~I

20 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1. (I

21 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1. (I

22 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1. (,

23 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.(

24 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.(

57
Table IV- 21

Diurnal Variation of Wind Speed (mph)

Trailer 033, Collection Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

. ---,-_.- - ._-_.... --- --_..-

HOUR _._- 2 3 4 -- _.

1. 1 1 ----'-------

2 1 2 -- ~---- -

3 1 1 -- ----,

4 0 0 ------'

5 0 0

-~--- -,

6 0 1 --'--------

7 0 2

---i--G-- ~.

8 I 0 0

o-[!~~-~_ -

9

10 I 1 I 2 I

11 -,. _. --+-'---I--r -

--f1 1 1 1

12 -~----r------I

1 I 0 I I ,

'- ___,_'_~______L-_

o o 1 o

58
Table IV-22

Diurnal Variation of Wind Speed (mph)

Trailer 034, Collection Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

1 1 1 26 21 3 o

H::cc..0__U_R_+------'2=-+__"""-3--t_. 4_f-'__.L--C;~_~ h+------L7_I----'-'R~-_9'-:i---l.O.. 1 1

1

2

3

1

1

2

1

2

1

3

3

2

1

1

3

1

1

3

5

o

1

5

o

o

o

o

2

3

3

4

1

1

2

o

1

1

3

2

1

o

6 1 1 3 2 1 o 1 2 1

7

8

o

o

2

o

2

1

3

2

1

1

o

o

1

1

o

1

o

4

5

2

------t-------.- - ..._- -

12 213

---_..-1-- -.- ---

2 -----~-f_-----_+---+-----1----+----+-----+--_-+------.... -I--~-. .

13 4 2 4 4 4

14

15 6

-----1----.--j-_. '..'.--- ----+-----+-----+-- .-----.-----.~-------~--

-~-;._+_-:_1_- _ 1~_ l~__ ~~+---:--t--:-~---:-+--:--+---I

-:-:--_1_:_---j-==~-:~-t- :---:---:---+-_-__-;~_~=:~_--_-:I--f--.---:~+-=~:=-~-:~~~= 1

7 1

6 5

2 5

1

4 8 3 1

21

----1- --f---+.---f-----L-----+-----f---/-----+---+----1

16850

22 1

-----1----1------ --------1----+--- ---+-·---+----+----1

-__::_r ~_~ ~_-:_-"~-_: =.;__..L=~~ c---~.L~_,_._~_~·:_-·~, 59
TABLE IV--23

Diurnal Variation of Wind Direction

Trailer 033, Collection Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

237

1 I 236

293 269

.2 /;.. 9

.263

2.06

233

233

22

99

-__J,. ~. i.--_-.---....._..·,.-_.---------.....-------4 --

___ ., . . . , . .... ., ._,_.__--'1. _

I ,----'._.__.__._--------_._--_.,--_..._-~------.--_._-._,---

___; .._~__.•__• __•___' w •• '____' _

239

2. Li

_9

251

193

239 73 193 200 24 7 266 242 i : ; .. I

:....._-~_._------~._._-----------~------_._------.---'-----I--.

249 65 190 266 236 221 232

I ' -+------!-----'------_._-------------_.,-_._-------

; 260 ' 4S 199 231 254 261 252

-:'--------.----~--:.--..----"--_i------.---..----.--,---------------"--··--'----------:------1-----:

23 0' 22. 5 2 r::, q ) it 3 1.:2 1_ ,:: .:: .) 1. L :_ ~" -, 2 0 1

229 220

245 2~f8

246 ! 255

247 256

244 261

297 2L1

232 2 ";'7 / I

21

22

20

HOUR 2

1 24~ 124

2 251£

3 293 t

4 2~,4 23 --~--

5 207 23

f----

6 196 15-

7 167 4

8 217 127~

9 181 i 14 J

10 105 '1-9-

23

24

19

DAY

4l.:-sr-~I7 I 8 I 9 I 10 11

o I -260 70- i-13S--h251;'S3 1149 182

--r----- ----i----------~------l------+-----j------- 3 'I .

~)_'-I"...; 8'7 I ,'24" 7 ii L')5/-+ 1'''--' I ._.J I !

: 160 ?20

-+--_.- I--------f-- I i I I I

2 i ;U+ 38 I 228 ! 253 i 220 1151 91 i i ! l

-,..,-:'- (1 6~9i -2-~~~--- i--~~--r..,;-F:~I:-· . L I ] 1 • '_J I L'iL i •. ",--, 1 110 187

O[-~2:~~t5,3 !-185----1 2241:-~5-0-l-i-2-18-+-2-2--6-----11

O-t-..~l9iJ-.1-8---r 21-5--~:48 i 212 i 237 110

7-t-·:~:·~~·--rl-0;:--[--0r;'s---I-,;:--;-r-)~·_~--t!-~---f----jl l_.~L \, U I . 1] L~_-.--I,f-~· j ~_.~. Uj L 29 i246 I I I

6 ') ')' ') q i 2 3 9 I 1 9 r:: ! ,,) ." Q I"~ ~L 0 1 ~:"'JL /""-' i .1. J t .L. .. JJ II

---+----. l---------f---f8 ')'C- 1"7 12-lh ! l1q I 8~ 1250 1

-+-~~~·~~---l--~=--l-~~~---L-'-~---1I~-..~-_·::5---11__--+__

-1-1---+---j~_8_i=_:_~_2:; ~_"_~~~~~~i~_:_:_l-::: I ~:: I

12 ! 91 I 163 • 84 ! 112 123 I 82; 216 i 142 ----+---+-1-- -1-__+- +_. 1 --+--_,-~-~---I

_1_3__--+-_--+__9__6--1i__8~~~~~~_~~~r_-158 ! 109 ! :L66 !i 167! I

-~-:--+----+--~-~._:~-I--I-~-:~~~; ·~_~: =:~: ~i ::~ • ;~~~ i~:~ l 1

16 113 230 t.L 172 229 250 204 I

17

18

60
TABLE IV-2L.

Diurnal Variation of \lfind Direction

Trailer 034, Co11ecti.on Station

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

-lOUR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 309 317 278 52 92 288 286 164 320

2 295 314 321 70 286 306 350 156 298

3 339 335 347 40 316 275 316 153 44

4 331 353 348 80 294 310 317 99 4

5 317 319 43 73 344 325 302 327 353

6 343 13 35 96 328 319 334 272 13 - ..

7 331 41 64 88 345 325 301 274 349

8 317 341 307 30 314 345 310 347 2

9 342 11 267 45 332 49 355 304 332

.0 60 93 287 89 74 62 347 177

.1 68 88 35 68 74 88 30 134

.2 79 353 59 38 66 56 222 138

.3 88 66 69 120 128 187 55 322 167

.4 320 95 318 121 82 229 241 238 174

5 221 92 231 60 246 245 247 243 218

6 223 125 243 69 176 257 237 260 212

7 236 260 264 73 256 278 241 228 237

8 254 252 276 50 290 246 262 275 260

9 256 272 192 51 301 283 279 271 265

0 265 261 248 34 330 255 283

1 282 272 252 74 358 289 258 ~~- 288 321

I

2 313 275 267 54 301 321 235 ,320 b21 I I

3 328 I 339 271 92 286 285 323

4 328 I

I

339 271 92 286 285 323 i*1 i 140 287 1 I

I I I I

1

]

]

]

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

61
:> 50

:E 40

0..

e:

Z

0

t-

< 30 a::

tZ

W

()

Z

0

<..>

20

STATION 033

THe

I il 1---

I

I i i , I

I:;1

Ii

1

Ii

DEC 3

3

DEC 4 DEC DEC 6 DEC 7 DEC 8 DEC 9

10

DEC 10

"11

50

40

:E0..

C.

z

52 30 t- I

I W I

U I

20

<..> I

DATE

FIGURE IV-2

AMBIENT THe AND CH 4 CONCENTRATION AT STATION 033 EAST OF

COLLECTION STATION

STATION 034

DEC 3 DEC 4 10 "11

DATE

FIGURE IV-·3

AMBIENT THe AND CH i+ CONCENTRATIONS AT STATION 034 HEST OF

COLLECTION STATION

62
V. DISCUSSION

A number of fugitive emi:3sions were identified ranging

from minute to jet-type leaks. Le:3S than ten percent of the

potential sourCE=S of emissions were leaking, and although there

were several large leaks, most leaks were minute. The mo~:t

prevalent leaks were associated wich valves; flanges and other

types of connectors did not make s:Lgnificant contribution~ to

the overall leak rate. The total number of sites and typE:S

of units that were inspected were necessarily limited in this

survey program. Other possible sources of fugitive emissions

such as treaters, sumps, oil spill:" large open vessels, (Ipen pits,

etc. were identified but were outside the scope of the program.

There are many potential leaks in an oil and gas field.

These leaks may be caused by temperature, pressure, vibration,

friction, variable operating conditions, and corrosion. lhe

extent of these emissions and the degree of hazard or impact

are generally determined by the mai.ntenance level in the area

of interest. Ma.intenance is the kE!y to reducing losses due to

most fugitive emissions. The quality of maintenance in any industrial area is a variable but significant factor. Fugitive

emissions are inevitable in a prodt.ction facility subject to

pressure and stress, but effective maintenance can minimize the

effect of such emissions. Relatively few leaks vTere identified

at the Rangely field, and these were generally sTIlall. However,

as seen in Table IV-3, a large leak can contribute significant

emissions. The hydrocarbon emissicn rate per well ranged from

zero to 23.4 pounds per day. The emission factors for these

sites varied from zero to 0.717 pounds per barrel of oil pr-oduced.

The variation in the emission rates and factors indicate that

the quantity of fugitive emissions is not relatec. to produ~tion

rate but is instead a function of maintenance and the speej with

which leaks can be identified and repaired.

63
Only a few sites were sampled because ,:his program

was a general study to survey the types of fugitive emissions

in a producing oil and gas field, to dev'2.lop sampling and monitoring procedures, and to obtain an indic.ation 0:= the effects

of fugitive emissions on air quality. TI~erefore, emission rates

and emission factors for the entire field were not extrapolated

because of the limited statistical base. However, the detection of several large sources of fugitive emissions combined

with the monitoring results show that fugitive emissions influence the air quality in the vicinity of the field.

The emissions from the oil and gas field did have an

impact on the air quality of the immediate area, particularly

with respect to hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons. The contributions of the emissions are most evident in the high concentrations of these t~D species. No significant sources of

emissions other than fugitive emissions were evident at the

time of the study.

The concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were highest

near the collecti.on station where the monitor was subject to

the station as well as nearby producing Hells. The hydrogen

sulfide levels were episodic; that is, the levels would be below

the detection limits of the monitor, rise to a peak value, and

then fall below detection limits. During the monitoring near

the collection station che increase i~ S levels coincided with

increased wind speeds.

The total hydrocarbon levels were as high as 50 ppm

at both the northwestern and southeastern monitoring sites.

High hydrocarbon levels would, of course, expected on the

site of a facility such as an OlJ and ga.s field. The major

contribution to the high hydrocarbon levels came :tram ncnmethane

hydrocarbons. Longer- term moni '::-oring HOU.Lei be required to

64
determine if the

term phenomenon.

readings.

recorded levels are persistent or are a BhortThere are several relevant aspects of these

First, the large concentrations of nonmethane hfdrocarbons are influenced by the higher density of the heavi~r

hydrocarbons causing a possible concentration gradient wi~h the

nonmethane hydrocarbons being more concentrated than metha.ne

near ground level. This effect would be more pronounced during

the cold periods when the monitoring occurred.

Secondly, the total hydrocarbon readings are eXI,ressed

on the basis of methane response. A gas such as propane vrill

give a reading approximately three times as high as metharle for

the same volume concentration. Flame ionization detecton: such

as the one used in this study are t:~oming under L:1tense scrutiny

due to substantially discrepant nonmethane hydrocarbon measurements from various types of hydrocarbon analyzers measuring identical samples of ambient air. SubBtantial discrl~pancies can

arise using different models of su(~h analyzers. TherefoYE~, ambient nonmethanE~ hydrocarbon measu::-ements can only be used as

possible guidelines and should not be taken as exact valuE~s.

An uncertainity in the ambient hydrocarbon measu'rements cannot

be assigned, but the uncertainity in other measurements in this

study is within ± 20 percent.

The upwind/ downwind resu:_ ts of monitoring at thE~ two

sites produced different results. The only significant upwind/

downwind differences were for H2 S and total hydrocarbon at: the

northwest site. The monitoring at Well 9-X did not produce a

significant difference in upwind and downwind values. ThE~ single

source of emissions between the two stations was not largE

enough to produce a detectable difference, and the measurEments

were due to the total emissions up,vind of the two stationt.

65
These two stations were dcrvmwind of the maj or portion of the oil

field leading to large hydrocarbon measurements at both stations.

Measurements taken near the collection station on the

northwest perimeter of the field showed more upwind/dowmvind variations. Trailer 034, which was the western monitoring site, recorded

minimum background levels because of the prevailing \vind directions, terrain, absence of producing sites up\,vind from it, and

its location closer to the edge of the field. This site monitored

lower levels of both Ih S and THe than TTaiIer 033 ';olhich \Vas east

of the collection station and subject to the influences of other

facilities as well as the collection station. Table V-I gives

the diurnal variation in the difference be~~een the H2 S readings

at stations 033 and 034. The average difference on an hourly

basis is shown in Figure 'I-I. The difference in the total hydrocarbon readings is given in Table V-2. When the wind was from

the west or nor-~h~vest the outer station, 033, measured minimum

levels and provided a background measurement with \'-7hich to reference

the higher levels s(~en at the ot:hE~r moni t oring s t a tion.

Although the oil and gas emissions do influence the

immediate air quality in the vicinity of the oil field, the air

quality monitored by other nearby networks recorded the types of

low level pollu-~ant concentrations associated with remote areas.

Summaries of the air quality parmneters for e three federal

oil shale leasing tracts are given in Tables V-3, V-4, V-5, and

V-6. The concentrations of all pollutants at the three oil shale

monituLinf' areas a--::-e badCirround level::; viL:'h TIC episodes of high

levels. Measurement of H S. S02, and oxi 3 or nitrogen were at

the tracts indicated no undue amounts of

were no variations a cl1e oil shale tracts

There

, . c(J-r:--rcspDnGlng to

the high levels recorded at 1''/ and,o:' sEJ)uentlv no indicatioD of long-range transp rt of these Dollutants.

66
TABLE V-l

Diurnal Variation of Difter,=nce in H2 S Levels

Between Station 033 and 034

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

HOUR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 16 27 3

2 5 36 0

3 6 32 -3

4 8 51 -7

5 3 37 -3

6 12 29 0

7 1 5 0

1

2

4

7

6

6

4

-2

21

23

48

30

19

32

14

11

6

2

-1

-4

o

8 0

-4 0

-4 0

8 -3

16 -2

8 0

6 0

15

9

1

2

14

11

11

8 9 2 0

9 7 -4 0

10 -2 -1 2

11 -6 9 -1

12 -1 11 5

13 -1 11 10

14 0 0 S

15 0 0 7

16 0 0 3

17 3 2 3

18 4 17 7 -4

3

3

2

o

o

o

o

o

o

25

21

26

9

-4

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

4

-2

-6

-8

-3

-1

4

o

2

o

22

29

9

9

-7

-3

-1

-1

o

8

6

1

o

o

o

o

o

12

1

10

19 25 14 4 4

20 21 16 2 6

14

31

3

14

14

11

10 19

5 11

_ ~~_---i_1_:--t_~_~_-+__~-t-__:_-t-_::__+--_1:_+-_~~---+ -~_+--~_:q

23 15 12 I 0 6 30 J 6 I 3 4 8 I i

-24--t---19-t---3

-

9 -1--2-1--1

-1 6 1-1-2-+,--s--"1I----0-r--4--+-\-----l!

NOTE: Values calculated as 033-034.

67
H 2 S

f3C'

\()

CJ'\

co

EO "I

I 1\ 40 1 i 1\

I ~\ ~J \ A

I I' \ 1\ I ,

3°1 IV \ 1'1 I I

Z I I' ! I I II n

~?O I , I \ ~.1 \,) \ (I lL Ii \ 1\ : I t \I I I I I

,11

Cl I,I, 1/\, 1\\1L II 11\1 I ~~ IIv, 'c I v \ 'f\ I \ /; . I ' '\

I

: V\i\Jv' i I

I \\ !I\\ / \ \ \1\AJ'\\'""" I . (-J. I\ J v " 'I ,: j / "-./ \ I \ '

·1 ~..v-'\r1¥----

v

·1r-V\T-JJ~~ '\j r

.Iv

11

DEC 10

1 -,

8 9 10

i I I .,--.------,--------.

DEC 4 DEC 5 [JEC 6 DEC 7 DEC 8 DEC 9

6

DEC 3

DATE

FIGURE V-I. DIFFERENCE IN H2 S LEVELS AT STATIONS 033 AND 034 NEAR COLLECTION STATION
TABLE V-2

Diurnal Variation of Differences in THC

Measurements at 033 and 034

Period (12/02/76 to 12/11/76)

DAY

HOUR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 >48 >45 >46 >43 >46 >46 >46 >45

2 >48 >45 >46 >46 >46 >43 >46 >46

3 >48 >46 >43 >46 >46 >44 >46 >44

4 >45 >39 >46 >46 >45 >44 >43

5 >45 >39 >41 >46 >46 >44 >45

6 >43 >44 >45 >45 >45 >46 >32

7 >41 >45 >46 >45 >46 >46 > ,..,

8 >44 >45 >45 >44 >45 >46 > 5

9 >42 >42 >45 >43 >35 >45 >27

10 >45 >44 >44 >41 >46

11 18 >46 >45 >43 36

12 21 >46 >45 >45 22

13 22 >46 >46 >45 39

14 41 >47 >46 >46 >46

15 26 >47 >46 >47 >47

16 16 >47 27 >46 >47

17 36 26 >47 34 >46 >47

18 23 40 25 >47 >46 >46 >47

19 45 >46 38 >46 >46 >46 >47

20 >49 >46 >46 >47 >46 >46 >47

21 >48 >46 >46 >46 >47 >46 >46

22 >48 >46 >46 >42 >47 >46 >46

23 >/~8 >46 >46 >46 >46 >43 >46

24 >48 >46 >46 >46 >43 >45 1>46 ) I I

NOTE: Calculated as 033 level - 031~ level.

69
TABLE \1-3

MONTHLY SUHMARY OF AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS

RIO BLANCO OIL SHALE PROJECT

November, 1976

Parameter

Hinimum

ppm

SITE 1

Haximum

ppm

Arithmetic

Hean

----------------_.-----

03

CO

NO

NOx

CH4

THC

H2 S

S02

03

CO

NO

NOx

CH 4

THC

H2 S

S02

0.024

0.000

0.004

0.002

1.305

1. 429

0 .. 000

0.000

1.37'5

1 .. 380

O"OOl

0.001

0.010

O.OClO

0.001

0.000

1. 314

1. 398

0.002

0.001

1. 319

1.339

0.001

o.aoo

SITE 2

SITE 3

SITE 4

0.039

0.971

0.013

0.012

1.970

1.936

O.Ol LI

Cl.OOO

1.565

1.819

C). 013

().00f3

0.OLf2

.281

0.022

CL019

:_.599

1. 63'5

0.010

0.009

1. Lf59

1. 7(1)

o.o:n

0.024

0.033

0.062

0.010

0.009

1. 602

1. 788

0.001

0.000

1. 461

1.488

0.003

0.001

0.026

0.541

0.005

0.003

1.484

1. 505

0.003

0.002

1. 6LjLI

1. 504

0.002

0.001 --._------_._-----------------_._---------_.__.-

All values are expressed in ppm and are based up'Jn hourly averages"

70
TABLE V-L

MONTHLY SUMMARY OF AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS

RIO BLANCO OIL SHP~E PROJECT

December, 1976

Minimum Maximum

Parameter ppm ppm Mean

03 0.013 0.043 0.026

CO 0.000 0.681 0.218

NO 0.000 0.011 0.003

NO 0.000 0.010 0.004 x

CH 4 1. 361 1.667 1.470

THC 1.385 1. 810 1.500

H2 S 0.002 0.004 0.003

80 2 0.001 0.004 O. 002

All values are based on hourly averages and are expressed in ppm.

71
TABLE V- 5

MONTHLY SUMMARY OF AIR QUALITY PAR&1-.1ETERS

WHITE RIVER SHALE PROJECT

November and December, 1976

~inimum Maxi.mum

Parameter ppm ppm

0 3 0.010 0.041

Total Sulfur 0.000 0.001

NO 0.001 0.012

x

CO 0.000 1.0

CH 4 1.4 7.3

THe 1. ,+ 8.7

Mean

0.024

0.000

0.005

0.1

1.6

1.7

~December! 1976

Mini.mum Maximum

Parameter ppm ppm Hean

0 3 0.015 0.062 0.033

Total Sulfur 0.000 0.002 0.000

NO 0.001 0.021 0.007 x

CO 0.100 1.0 0.200

CH 4 1.6 2-". I 1.7

THe 1.5 2.7 1.8

All values are based on hourly averages and are expressed in ppm.

72
TABLE V-6

MONTHLY SUMMARIES OF AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS

TRACT C-b OIL SHALE PROJECT

NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1976

Parameter Minimum Maximum Mean

ppm ppm

November

0 3 0.021 0.058 0.040

NO x

,',

" 0.050 0.004

H2S '"

" 0.007 0.001

S02 it, 0.006 0.001

CO 0.12 1.3 0.31

CH 4 1.4 1.7 1.5

THC 1.5 3.3 1.7

Decembe:::-

0 3 0.022 0.047 0.034

NO x ,Ie 0.030 0.002

fuS "k 0.008 0

S02 "k 0.001 "'k

CO 0.10 0.96 0.38

CH 4 1.2 2.0 1.5

THC 1.3 4.2 1.6

~'~Be1ow minimum detection limit.

All values are based on hourly averages and are expressed in

ppm.

73
Heteorological summaries and monitoring results for

the oil shale tracts are given in the appendices.

74
VI.

program:

SUMMARY

The following list summarizes the findings of th:~s

1) Teehniques for fugitive emission sampling were

tested and proven.

2) Leaks were detected Ll 9.7 percent of the un:_ts

checked.

3) Both rates and composition were determined for

the fugi tive emiss ion:;.

4) Emission rates varied from zero to 23.4 pounds

per day per site, and emission factors varied

from zero to 0.717 pO"lnds per barrel of oil.

5) Unlike processing facilities which are usuaL_y

tested for fugitive emissions, leak rates for

some sites in the oil field were variable.

6) Maintenance is the key to reducing losses from

fugitive emissions.

7) Ambient air quality d,=tected high concentrat:.ons

of H2 S and total hydrocarbons, indicating thE~

influence of fugitive emissions on the air quality

in the vicinity of th,= oil and gas field.

8) Upvvind/downwind monitoring at the northwest ~;ite

provided background Vi:~rsus oil field measurenents

that show the effects of oil field emissions on

ambient air quality.

75
9) The total hydrocarbon concentration in the ambient

air was high, and the major constituents were nonmethane hydrocarbons. The indicated high levels

of NMHC were due to the FID measurement technique and thl;: suspected settling of the denser

hydrocarbons causing a concentration gradient.

10) No high levels of pollutants were detected at any

of the sur:rounding monitoring networks which would

correspond to the levels at the oil field. There

were no indications of long-range transport.

76
APPENDIX A

METEOROLOGICAL ~;mll1ARIES

A-l
Monthly MeteoI~logical Summa£Y

A. Summary of the Meteorological Condi"tions in

Northwestern and West Central Colorado During

November 1976

Grand Junction, Colorado, sixty miles to the southsouthwest of the Tract C'-b, received a total of O. 04 inch of

precipitation during November, which is 0.57 inch below the

monthly normal of 0.61 inch. Grand Junction also received a

trace of snow during Nov(~mber. Measurab Ii? precipitation (~. 01

inch) was recorded only on November 14th. The region received

79 percent of the possible monthly sunshine. Sky cover by

cloudiness averaged 4.3 out of a possible 10 during the daylight

hours and 3.6 out of a possible 10 during the entire month. The

region had thirteen clear days, eleven partly cloudy days, and

six cloudy days during the month.

Air mass changes occurred in the region with a

frequency of about once every five or six days du:cing November.

Temperatures were cool but near seasonal normals. Transport

winds were not as strong as those which prevailed in the area

during October. Five cold fronts, all of continental polar

origins, passed through the region during October. These

continental polar cold frontal passages occurred on November

2nd, 6th, 16th, 21st, and 26th.

A-2
B. Summary of the Meteorological Conditions in the

Oil Shale Tract C-b Region During November 1976

An upper-level ridge which had a mean position over

western Colorado was responsible for the below normal prel~ipitation totals which occurred during November. The Tract C-h region

was located on the downstream side of an upper-level rid~;e in the

western United States. As a result, very little troughir.g

occurred in the Tract C-b region during November. The or.ly

precipitation which occurred fell on the 13th and 14th. Since the

long wave trough was located in the eastern section of He country,

most of the continental polar air masses were d:~rected teward the

eastern half of the United States. Therefore, 1:emperatures in

the Tract C-b region were near normal during November.

Five continental polar cold frontal passages occurred

durinf the month. These fronts were fairly mild since tfe maj or

thrust of the cold air was to the east of the region.

The monthly average temperatures recorded at He meteorological tower during November were: 34.4°F at 8 feet; 3L..2°F at

30 feet; 34.6°F at 100 feet; and 32.9°F at 200 feet. ThEse averages are approximately 9Fo lower than those recorded in October.

The warmest days of the month were the 1st through the l(lth. The

coolest days were the 26th through the 29th. The highest temperature recorded at the meteorological tower during November was 61°F

at the 8-foot level on the 5th. The coldest teI~erature recorded

at the meteorological tower was -7 °F at the 200·-foot leVEl on the

morning of the 27th.

Monthly average relative humidities during NOVEmber

were slightly higher than they had been in October in thE Tract

C-b region. This increase can be attributed solely to tte

A-3
decrease in monthly average temperatures vJhich occurred during

November. The average moisture content of the air in the

district actually decreased during the month. At the meteorological tower, the monthly average relative humidities were: 52.5

percent at 8 feet, 55.7 percent at 30 feet, 57.0 percent at 100

feet, and 54.8 percent at 200 feet. These relative humidities

. 000 0 correspond to dew pOlnts of 19 F, 20 F, 21 F, and 18 F,

respectively. The most lrwnid days of the month were the 14th,

15th, and 26th. The driest days were the 6th, 9th, and 10th.

Winds at the mE~teorological tower during November were

not as strong on the average as the winds that prevailed during

October because of the lack of ~hort waves moving through the

Tract C-b region. Resultant wind vectors at the meteorological

tower during November were: 236.5 degrees at 0.9 miles per hour

at 8 ~eet; 237.4 degrees at 1.2 miles per hour at 30 feet; 249.3

degrees at 1.4 miles per hour at 100 feet; and 255.2 degrees at

2.1 miles per hour at 200 feet. The scalar average wind speeds

associated with these resultant wind vectors were 3, 4, 5, and

6 miles per hour, respectively. The Ekman spiral and Ekman

effect, i.e., a veering in direction and increase in speed as a

function of increasing height above the surface, w'ere in evidence

during most of November. A reference to the November wind roses

for the meteorological tower indicates that the winds at that

10 cation \Vere primari.ly south-southwesteT.ly at all four levels,

'<lith a relatively high fTequency of OCCUTrence of southwesterly

winds i.n addition.

The windiest days of the month at the meteorological

tower were the 14th, 25th, and 26th. The days having the lightest

winds were the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 21st, and

2 3rd. The highest five-minute ave:cage ';vind speed re corded at the

tower during November \\las 28 miles per hour at the 200-foot level

on the 25th and 26th.

A-l+
Precipitation totals in the Tract C-b Monitoring Network

during November were generally very much below normal. Only 0.04

inch of precipitation was recorded at the meteorological tower

during November. The largest daily precipitation total recorded

in the network during November was 0.03 inch on November 13th.

The greatest five-minute precipitation total recorded dur:~ng the

month was 0.01 inch (a precipitation rate of 0.12 inch/hour), recorded on the 13th and 14th. Measurable precipitation (~,Ol inch)

was recorded at the meteorological tower on only two days of the

month. The precipitation on these days was in the form 0:: snow.

The monthly average stat:~on pressure during Novl~mber

was 791.9 millibars at the meteoro:_ogica1 tower. This reading is

0.3 millibar higher than the October average station pres:;ure of

791.6 millibars. The highest daily average station pressures

occurred on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 7th, 8th, and 17th. ~~he

lowest daily average station pressures occurred on the 25th and

26th.

Cloudiness increased slightly in the Tract C-b J~egion

during November. compared to the Oetober cloud cover and :_nso1ation

statistics. The region received an insolation total of 6"711.9

langleys, which is equivalent to a daily average insolation total

of 224 1angleys/day. This average is only slightly below the

normal for November of 250 langley~:/day in the Tract C-b :~egion.

On a diurnal basis, the greatest solar radiation rates oceurred

between 1100 and 1200 hours. The greatest daily radiation totals

were received on the 1st, 4th, and 15th. The lmvest dail~r solar

radiation totals were received on the 13th, 14th, and 26th. The

greatest five-minute radiation total received during November

was 5.20 1angleys (a rate of 1.04 langleys/minute), which occurred

on the 3rd. The largest hourly imiolation total received during

November was 54 1angleys, which occurred on the 15th betwE~en 1100

A-5
and 1200 hours. Because of the progressively decreasing solar

elevations and the increasingly shorter periods of daylight that

prevailed during November, the total possible solar radiation

which could be received during a day decreased monotonically

throughout the month.

The slight increase in cloudiness and decrease in

insolation which affected the Tract C-b during November caused

the unstable stability classes to become less com....non than they had

been in October. Using the Pasquill method of stability determination, "e" stability (slightly unstable) \Vas the most corrrrnon

stability, occurring during 18~ d~: time hJurs, or 62.5 percent

of the time. In decreasing order of frequency, "D" (neutral)

stability occurr(~d during 59 hours, or 19.9 percent of the time,

and "B" (very unstable) stability occurred during 52 hours, or

17.6 percent of the time.. "A" (extremely unstable) stability did

not occur.

A-6
Monthly Meteorological Summary

A. Surmnary of the Meteorological Condi.tions in

Northwestern and West Central Colorado

During December 1976

Grand Junction, Colorado. sixty miles to the sOllthsouthwest of the Tract C-b, received a total of only 0.01 inch

of precipitation during December, Vlhich is 0.51+ Lnch beloH the

monthly normal of 0.55 inch. According to the Na.tional 'Heather

Service Office in Grand Junction: "This is the 2nd driest:

December of record. The driest waE: 1900 ,;vith a~race." Grand

Junction received 0.1 inch of snow during Decemb(~r. Heasurable

precipitation (~' 01 inch) occurred on December 5'~h. The region

received 84 percent of the possiblE: monthly sunshine. Sky cover

by cloudiness averaged 3.8 out of Cl possible 10 during thE: daylight h01.']·S and 3.3 out of a possible 10 during t:he entirE: month.

The region had seventeen clear dayE, six partly cloudy da)'s, and

eight cloudy days during the month.

Air mass changes were infrequent during December. Only

two frontal passages occurred durirg December, which is feY be ·1.DW

average. This decrease in cold frcntal passages ,;vas due to the

presence of an upper-level ridge over the western United ~,tates

for mos t of December. Temperatures in the Tract C-b ,,-;rere cool

due to seasonal influences. Transport winds were slightl)

stronger than those which prevailed during Nove~)er. A meritime

polar cold frontal passage occurred on the 9th and a continental

polar cold frontal passage occurred on the 12th.

A-7
B . ~~~~lmel-EJ:::~.tJ:'l':2.~1c:...S5:: 0 r ?l:~f~,-i c_'?:l-Con d ~_t: ion s

.~n tl:!:.~()-:i.l ShaL.;~ Trae t __c::-IL}Zcgion purinE.

Decemt)er 1976

An upper-level ridge over the western United States

was responsible for the below-normal precipitation totals and

slightly below normal average temperat~res which occurred during

D:cember. Since a long wave trough WelS located in the eastern

United States, most of the continental polar outbreaks during

the month were directed to the east of the Tract C-b into the

eastern sections of the COlltFry. In addition, the long ,'lave

ridge in the western United States prevented most Pacific

(mari time po lar) fron s from pene tra Ling the vIes tern Dni ted

States. No precipitation occurred in the Tract C-b area during

December. Slightly belO\'7 normal tempc:ratures affected the Tract

C-b area, a reflection of the cold air which often stagnates in

the Great Basin during the winter months.

A maritime polar cold frontal passage occurred on

December 9th and a continental polar cold frontal passage occurred

on December 12th. These fronts \oJere fairly mild since the maj or

thrust of the cold a~r was to the eastern half of the United

States.

The monthly average temperatures recorded at the

meteorological tower (hiring Decc:mber ,,;Tere 27. L,D F at 8 feet;

26.0oF at 30 feet; 27.2°F at 100 feet; and 25.6°Y at 200 feet.

These averages are approximately· 7fo lo\\,c)' than those :cecorclcd

in Nove'mber. The \Varmest days of the month at the meteorolo

cal tower were the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 8th, 9th, 13th, 17th, and 18th.

The coolest days were tIle 6th and 25th. The highest temperature

recorded elt the meteorological tover durir':j December was 49°y

at the 8-foot level on the 17th.

cd at the metc()cologlcal '

leve'l s on the morning of the 2'l1:h. This reaclL al~;() OCCllrrl

at the 30-foot lcvc~l on the morn:ing of the 6th.

A-8
Nonthly average relative humidities during Decem1:,er

\\'ere nearly the same as those that prevailed during NovembE~r.

Therefore, since average tempera tUrE~S were lower in December than

in November, the average moisture content of the air ';vas slightly

lO,ver during December (in order to maintain the same avera~;e

relative humidity). At the meteorological tower, the monthly

average relative humidities were 52.7 percent at 8 feet; 5~'.4

percent at 100 feet; and 53.3 percert at 200 feet. These relative

humidites correspond to dew points cf l2.So F, 13°F, and l2c F,

respectively. The relative humidity sensor at the 3D-foot level

,;.;as inoperative for most of the month. The most humid dayE of

the month were the 1st, 5th, 6th, leith, and 31st. The driEst

days were the 16th, 17th, and 18th.

Hinds a t the meteorologica 1 tmver during December were

only slighly stronger than the winds during Nove~)er. Res~ltant

wind vectors at the meteorological tower during December were

200.7 degree:; at 1.6 miles per hour at 8 feet; 200.4 degreE s at

2.3 miles per hour at 30 feet; 206.0 degrees at 2.8 miles Fer

hour at 100 feet; and 214.5 degrees at 3.6 miles per hour at

200 feet. The scalar average wind speeds associated with these

resultant wind vectors were 3, 5, 6, and 6 miles per hour, respectively. The Ekman spiral and Ekman effect, i.e., a veEring

in direction and increase in speed as a function of increasing

height above the surface, were evident during December. A

reference to the Decerrrber wind roses for the meteorological tower

i~dicates that the winds at that location were primarily scuths'Juthwesterly, \vith a relatively high frequency of occurrer:ce of

southerly and south"vcs terly Ivinds in addition.

The windiest days of the month at the meteorological

tmver were the 7th, 8th, 9th, 23rd, 27th, and 31st:. The days

A-9
having the lightest winds were the 11th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 17th,

20th, and 22nd. The highest five-minute average wind speed

recorded at the tower during December was 40 miles per hour at

the 200-foot level on the 16th. On a diurnal basis, the strongest

Hinds at the tower occurred bet\<leen 1300 and 1600 hours, when

ver~ical mixing and the dmmward transfer of momentum were

maximized. The winds were lightest during the early morning

hours, between 0500 and 0900 hours, when the friction layer was

stable.

Precipitation totals in the Tract C-b Menitoring Network

durin'.', December Here gene':-:,lly very much belo~d normal... No pre~

cipitation was Yeceiv~d at the meteorological tower during

December. Only 0.01 i.nch \oJClS received at G,-and Junction.

The monthly average station pressure at the meteorulogical tmver chn:-ing Decl'id)er WilE=; 790. [) millibars. This reading

is 1.4 milLi..'hars 1m.ler tlwTl the NovelJ,ber avcra8c ~:tc:ltion pre':';un:

of 791.9 millibars. The highest daily average st2tion pressures

occurred on the 1st and 2nd. The lowest daily average station

pressures occurred on the 9th, 30th and 31st.

Cloudiness decreased slightly in the Tract C-b region

during December, compared to the NoveElber cloud cover and insolation statistics. The region received an isolated total cf 5680.4

langleys, which is equival i?nt to a daily average in ~;() la t ion to tal

of 183 langleys/day. This average is slightly below the National

Weather Service standard for Dccerr~er of 200 langleys/day in the

Tract C-b region. On a diurnal basis, the greatest solar radiation rates occurred betl:vcen 1200 and 1300 hours. The greatest

daily radiation totals were received on the 1st and 20th. The

lowes t dai 1y so lar radia t ion to tals 'ive:ce rece i ved on the 5 tll and

6th. The gred,test LvC'-mL.Il11te radiation total rcceived during

A-IO
December was 4.7.5 langleys (a rate of 0.95 langleys/minute),

I,vhich occurred on the 9th and lath. The largest hourly insolation total received during December 'I;·ms 50 1angleys, ,;vhich occurred

on the 9th between 1100 and 1200 hours. Because of the progressively decreasing solar elevations and the increasingly shorter

periods of dayl ight that prevailed during the first t,;vo- thirds of

December, the total possible solar radiation which could be received during a day decreased monotonically throLghout that period.

During the last one-third of Decenilier, progressively increasing

solar elevations provided for increasingly longer periods of

jaylight. Thus, the total possible solar radiation which could

"~e received during a day increased monotonically throughout the

Last one-third of December.

The slight decrease in cloudiness and decrease i~ insola-

"::ion which affec ted the Tract C- b dllring December caused t ~e unstable stability classes to become less common than they h3.d

l,een i1 November. Using the Pasquil1 method of stability je1:ermination, "c" s tabi lity (slight1 y unstable) ,;va s the mos t

common stability, occurring during 166 daytime hours, or 57.2

percent of the time. In decreasing order of frequency, "D'

~neutral) stability occurred during 88 hours or 30.3 perce1.t of

the time, and liB" (very unstable) stability occurred durin; 36

hours, or 12.4 percent of the time. "A" (extremely unstable)

f:tability did not occur.

A-II

APPENDIX B

TRACT C-b AIR QUALITY DATA

B-1
r~-'~).,--,) 1,"\ I

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crtJw:i#G..:,...'.''t••4

nlJR~AL VARIATIU~ OF NITROGE~ QXIDES(UG/M**3)

T~4ILE~ NO, - ~J PERlnO(111 1/76 TO 11/30/7~)

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7 127 127 120 121 1?~ 11~ 1~4 118 121 120 13~ 1?6 122 129 117 116 119 121;116 117 115 112 117 11 :) 121!

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9 1'tJ8 112 t Vj;; l,('') 4 1"1 0 111 1~4 1::'5 104 H17 105 1~a:l~7 1~5 112 107 1~6 108 1~6 111 111 105 1~6 108 1013.

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t 1 1Y1 ';) 11,,) 111 11l~ 1vl 9 11:3 1'J) 9 11 t 10B 111:117 11M 1~5 1~4 104 100 105 1~5 1~o 105 1~4 1~4 1~4 lil8,

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29 It'5 164 161 15b 155 154 1~1 148 146 142 136:133 13~ 125 120 117 114 108 1~5 108 10~ 105 104 1~4 132,

30 1~5 1~4 1~4 1~5 lM~ 1~4 1~4 1~4 1~5 105 1~5 1~4 l~b 103 ;105 104 104 116 11~ 116 106 103 1~7.

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TOTAL NJ~8ER OF OBSERVATIONS 7453 MEAN = I1J,

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APPENDIX C

TRACT U-a, U-b AIR QUALITY DATA

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WHITE RIVER SHALE PROJECT,UTAH

.. ,__,_~9,V_E_MR~.!LlCl.!!__, , _

AEROVIRONMENT INC.

----------,-, SIler b

********•••••••••• ** ••

* • * PRELI~I~ARY DATA • * A5 OF 21/JAN/77 •

* • *********.************

* * ''''.''.__'' '.. * SUBJEC T TO • * ~EVISION •

* * ---~

********************** --~--~-_.- ----

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(F f' r·· )

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00 01 02 03 0'1 05 Ob 07 Oil 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 lb 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 AVE

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1.5 1.6

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1.11 1.8

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2.0 2.3

1.6 L 7

1.10 1.5

1~1i.8

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1.9 2.2

1.92.3

1.7 1.7

1.8 1.9

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1.5 1.5 1.5 1.11 1.~ 1.4 1.4 1.b 1.'1

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1.8 1.7 1.7 1.& 1.6 1.b 1.7 1.8 1.7

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

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1.5 1."

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1.6 1.9

1.6 1.6

1.t. 2.5

1.5 1.7

1.5 1.~

1.~ 1.~

1.6 1.7

1.1:! 1.7

1.10 1.7

1.7 1./

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1.6 1.8

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1 • :,

1 • 4

I • " 1 .5

1 • S

1 •

1."

1 .. ~,

1 • b

1 • S

I " .,

1.6

1.7

1 • " 1 • 6

I • 7

1.7

1, h

i . 7

1 • I

1 .6

1 • 7

1 • 7

1 • 7

1 • 7

I J

t. "

1 A 7

i .h

• b

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1 •

1 • " 1 • 7

1 • 7

1.1>

1 • 7

1" n

1. c;

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1. " l • ~.,

1."

1. " 1 • 'J

1.5

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1 .7

1 • 7

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1 'J

9

1

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1

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21

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;

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27

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sn

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s[.

1.6

.1

1 • 6

• 1

1 • b

• 1

1 • b

• 1

I .6

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1 .7

• 1

1 .7

• 1

1 .7

.2

1 .7

.2

1.9

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1 • q

.3

1.7 1.1 1.b

.3 .2 .2

1.8 2.0

1.0 1..4

1.8

1.2

1.b l.b

• I, .1

1 • b

• 1

1 • &

• 1

1 • b

• 1

1 • &

• 1

1.b 1.7

• 1 • 1

\ .

(;UTPI [vtR5IlJ~ N 28 JUL 76)
WHITE RIVER SHALE PROJECT, UTAH

I

?T

TOTAL ~rDQOcAR~ONS

(PPM)

**********************

--------------:S..I=-'TE A &---------------~*-* PReLIM INA RY 0ATA-.-- *

* AS OF 21/JAN/77 * _____~O~ECEMBER,197b * * ***************.*****.--

AEROVIRONMENT INC. * * * SUBJECT TO * ------------------------------*::--- REVHION II

* * **********************

1.7 1.7 1.& 1.7 1.& 1.& 1.& 1.7 1.& 1.5 1.& 1.& 1.& 1.& 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.& 1.8

1.8 1.8 1.8-·-1.8---i:7---r;r-i~b--r~7 1.& 1.& 1.71.& 1.& 1~&1~T-C.-7--1~7-i.r-l:8

1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 I.B 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9

1.8 1.8 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.4

1.7 --T:Sl. 7 1.8---1. 81. 7 1: 7 L &-1.&--1~-7-T. b-I. &-1 :1>-1-'-6-1-:6-1.6--1 ~& - 1.7 .. 1 • A

1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.& 1.5 1.5 1.5 ~.& 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.& l.b 1.8

1.6 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 l.b l.b 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.b 1.7 1.b 1.b 1.5 1.5 1.& 1.9

1.s--L5 -1.5 1. b 1. & 1.5 1. & 1. & i .5-1:B-1 :&-1;;6-1:5--1~6-I~5-r'-5--1: 5 -1.5 -1 .8--

1.8 1.9 2.2 1.9 1.b 1.& 1.b 1.& .7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.b 1.5 1.7 1.7 2.2

1.7 1.5 1.5 1:7 1.5 1.7 l.b 1.& 1.& 1.5 1.& 1.b l.b 1.b 1.b 1.b 1.& l.b 2.2

1.7 1.7 1.7 1~7 1;7 l.b--~-&-i.8--i-:b--T~6--·r~6-T.b-l.& l.b 1.& 1.b 1.& l.b 1.'1

1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9

1.8 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.3

1.8 1.9-2.0 2.7 2.2--2.2 1.8 1.8 1 :8--r~8-~r_._7-I:l-r;_7-1~7--1~7-1.1-1.q 2.7

1.8 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.2

2.0 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.7 l.q---2.1--2~3-2.3-2~Ol~9 2.11.81.61.81.91.91.9 2.0 (~1.-9---r:(r2.0-2.3-­

1.9 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5

1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2

1:9---2.6--1.9--2.2 --2 .1--·f~q---f.-q-LB-T:7--f~f-~i-l_:7-1:7--f~8--LB-l.-6-1~81: 9- 2.2

1.8 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1

1.~ e.l ~.' c.~ ~.o e.o

.1 .8 __1• 9 _.J....~__I..•.9 ?0 L._9

Ib 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 AVE

p .----------------------~

A

K

1312 14 15

2.0 4 Q • Q ~" t Q .." ,.., t, Q t a • G • n • iii • n .." I'

............ "" ~.v a ........ r "'.' "."" ".V "'tU .... .,. .... v ".7 c;. ...

1 • 9 I • 8 --1 • 8-2:1--1~71:T1.a--l • 7-i . 7--1 ; i-I• 7-1 • 7 1. 9 2 • 5

1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.& 1.7 1.b 1.b 1.b 1.b 1.8 2.5

1.7 1.8 1.7 1.& 1.& l.b 1.7 1.b 1.b 1.b l.b 1.7 1.7 2.0

1.&1.6 ---1 .6-1:-61:"-r:1--1 ~f)--1 6-i ."-I.b-l.7--1. 7 1. & 1.8--

1.7 1.b l.b 1.b l.b 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.& 1.& l.b 1.7 1.8

1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.& l.b 1.b 1.b 1.& 1.7 2.0

1 ~7-[CA1--l~-8-L7--1~-~7--1-.7--1~81:8-1-.8--r.-8--1:8 1.1' 2~&--

C.V 1.D l.a 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 I_' 1.~ ~.f

1.9 1.8 1. 8 2.°1.9 1. 8 _l-.~~..!.~ 1._'!..__ 1. ~_.l_. 9__~~_1__ "'.0

1.8

11

" " ~.~

i.8

1.9

1.8

1 .7

1.8

2.0

1.9

[LOCAL STANDARO TIME]

10

" " ~.~

1.9

2.1

1.9

1. &

1.7

1.9

2.&

09

2.~

2.2

2.1

2.0

1 • b

1. &

1.8

2.0

CLOCK HOUR

08

2.1

2.3

2.0

1 .9

1.0

1 .7

1 .0

1 • &

07

2.0

2.5

1.9

I .7

1.B

1 • 7

1. &

1.&

03 04 0.5 0&

<I'

nsl 0

rl~--~-- FLLoo 01 02

~'I

~1 11.1 I.b I.b 1.& 1.& I.b 1.& P.[--2.. .1 .8. 1 .8 1.8 1..• 8. 1 ." I .8.. 1 .8 :3 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 " --- 5 - 1. 8 -1. 'I 1. 8 - I .8 1 .7 1.7 1 .7

& 1.8 1.b I.b 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7

7 1.5 1.7 1.& 1.& 1.8 1.8 1.&

(") -8---1.5---1.5 1.51;5'--1.5-1.5 1.5

9 1.5 1.& 1.5 1.5 1.5 I.b 1.5 ~.l 0._ 1. 6 I. 5 1 .5 t. 5_ 2.2 1. 5 1 .5

" 11 l.b 1.b 1.7 1.& 1." 1.7 1.'

12 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.7

13 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 1./\ 1.8 1.8

ill 1.8 1.8 1.8--f.8-j.8--1~8-i.8

15 1.7 1.B 1.8 1.B 1.1 1.7 1.7

1& 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9

17--2.0 2.02.0 2J- 2.02:0 2.0

18 1.9 1.'1 1.'1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 'borI9-- 2.0 2. Q_ 2.0__ .1.9 1.9 .2.0 2.0

20 1.9 1.9 c.O 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1 21 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 :'l:J 1 Q tOt 0 1 a tit]"') 1'\ ::J'

r

1-----.2.3 --i:a i:8 i:8 2:8 i:~ 1:~ 1:9

24 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.5

_25 1,& 1.7 1.7 1."-_ 1.& 1.& .. 1.&

2& 1.6 1.7 1.6 I.b l.b l.b 1.b

27 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.7 l.b 1.7

__ 28 1.7 .1.7 1.& 1.& 1.& 1.& 1.b

29 1.& 1.& 1.& 1.& 1.& l.b 1.b 'I :';0 i.o 1.0 1.0 J.O i.b 1."1

, _3.1 _1 .7 1 .9 .1.9 I .9 .1.9 _ 2. 1

AVI. 7

SO _ .1

1.8

.1

1.8 1.8 _ .2__ _.. 11.8

.2

1.8

_.2

1 • 8

.2

1.8

.c:

1.9.~.2.03 2.0 1.9 _.1 .l

1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

.2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 ,1

1.7 1.8 [

• 1 • 1 {__] __

_._----------

OUTPT [VERSION N 28 JUL' 7bl
J----------------, --------",,------

METHANE

(PPM)

1 • II

! • '3

1 • '3

1.5

1 • 'S

1 • II

1,6

1 .8

1 • '3

1.5

1.5

! • b

1.6

19 20 21 22 23 AVE

1.b

• 1

18

1.b

• 1

11

1.6

• 1

16

1.1

.9

15

1.8

1. 1

111

1.6

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1. b

1.6

i.5

1.5

1 • '5

(C A1

1.0

1.5

1.0

1.6

1.0

! .1<0

1 .7

1.5

1.f,

1.6

1.9

1. &

1.6

[ ]

13

WHITE RIVER SHALE PROJECT, UTAH

TEA---&

1.5

.1

-------,----------,

12

1.6

.1

___--.::N~O~V~E:.:.M=_B R,-',...!1..:.9.-:7~b:.._ _

AEROVIRONMENT INC.

11

1.b

.1

1 .. .,

1 .5

Ie AJ

1 .7

1.0

1 .1

1 .7

1.6

1 .7

t 0 7

1 .7

1 .9

1. b

1 .1

1 .7

1 .7

1 .1

1

10

1 .7

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.! • .,

1.5

1.5

1.1\

1 • '" 1 • 8

1.8

1 • 7

1 • 7

t 01\

1 .7

2.0

1.6

1 .7

1.8

1 .7

1 .7

l 1

09

'~

I

:";;;:;:;::::'~:~':-- j1 * AS OF 21/JAN/77 * , * *. ********************** , * *,

* SUBJECT TO * 0

----------------------------.-:*=---~R-EvTsfOir---q"

* * 11

.. **** ***** *** ********* . :",

CLOCK HOUR (L.OCAL. STANDARD TIME] 1'1

~l:j I(A. "I

"

I;~ 1 •II _1 • ~t.lI t. __J_.~ __ J •~_! •II 1 .ll_ 1 .11. __) • 5 _1 • II 1 • b ----fl

1 .5 1 .5 1 .5 1 • II 1 • /I 1 • II .5 i • II 1 • III• S i. 5 1 • 5 1'1

1.& l.b 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 ~,

1 • 4 1 • Il 1 • II 1 • 4 1 • 4 1 • 4 1 • II 1 • II 1. a 1 • 5 1. 5 1 • 0 I) . -- .... _-- _..- ... -- .. ... . ---, '

1 • Il 1 • II 1 • Il 1 • II 1 • Il 1 • II 1 • II 1 • II 1 .5 1 • 5 1. 5 1 • b I'~

1 • 5 1 • 5 1 • 5 1 • 0 1 • 7 1 • 0 1 • 0 1 • 0 1 • b 1 • 0 1. 5 1 • 7 ,">

1 • '5 1 • !: 1 • 5 1 • 5 1 • II 1 • 5 1 • 5 1 • 5 1 • 5 1 • 5 1. 5 1 • 8 I, i

r:rHU

3.52~2 1.6--1.6"

UlTU

1.6"---1:6

U

i.bl.0-1~0

UITHU

1.0-1.,0

:::=1

3.5 - ,J'i

1.6 1.b 1.& 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 i.e 1.6 1.& 1.8 ;'

7_. 3 6 • II 1 • I> 1 • 7 1 • 0 1. b 1 • 0 1, 6 1 • 62 • 1_ 7 • 3 ----J'~

i • 5 i • 5 i • 5 i • 5 i • 5 i • 5 1 • 5 1 • 5 1 • 5 1. 6 1 • 9 i"'i

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 I.S I.S 1.5 1.5 ~.! i'"

1 • 0 1 • 1 • 6 1 • I> 1 • 0 1 • I> 1 .0 1 • & 1 • 0 1.0 1 • 0 j,.

ICAl ICA] ICA] 1.11 1.0 1.b---j~0-i;6~-Lo I.OI~i\~iJ1

1 • b 1 .0 1 .6 1 .6 1 .0 1 • b 1 • I> 1 .7 1 .1 1.0 1 • 7 ,'"

1 .5 1 • b 1 • b .1. ~_. 1. 0 I... b 1. 0 1 .6 . 1 .0 .1.7. 1. 9

i

i11

1.0 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.& 1.8 'j.

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.7.1.1 1.71.7 1.7 h

1 • 6 1 • 5 ... 1 • 0 1 • 0 1. & 1 • 0._ 1. 6 _1. 6 1 • 6 1. 6 1 • 7 i'~

!;~ 1:6 1;7 1.7 !.~ !.~ l.b- l.e 1.6 1.7 1.8 I')

1 • 6 1 • b 1 • 6 1 • 7 1 • 1 1 • 7 1 • ? 1 .7 1 • 7 1. 7 1 • 8 "

1.5 1 .5_ 1. 5 1 • 5 __ 1. 5 1 • 5 1 .5_ 1 .51 .0 1. 7 2 • 0 }

1.6 1.6 1.b 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.7 JI

1 • 0 1 • 6 1 • 7 1.• 7. 1 • 7 1 • 7 1 • 7 1 • 7 1 • 7 1. 7 , 1. 7 '

1.6 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.7 1.9

1.6 - 1 • 0 .. 1 • 7 . 1 • 7 1. 8 1 • 7--'-1 • 7 1 .7- 1.71. 7 1 • e- --- I"

1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.8 i

[ ] [ 1 [ 1 [ ] [ ] [ 1 [ 1 [ ] [ ]1 ] [l " .... ,-._" _._ .._. . . _.. . ....._---- .-. . ---~

1.0 1.b l.b 1.b 1 •. 6 [] j' .1 .1 .1..__._l__.1_.t l __ ,

08

1.7 1.6 . . 1 • I i .8

1 .6 1 .0

1 • b 1 .5

1,0 1 .8

1,6 1,6

1 • q 1 .9

1 .8 1 .8

1.7 1 .7

1 .7 1.7

I . ? 1 • A

1.7 1 .8

1 .9 1.9

1.6 1.0

1 .7 1 .7

1.8 1.9

1.8 1 .7

1 .7 1 .7

I 1 l ]

1. b 1.7

• 1 • 1

1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.11 1.11 -1:5 '-1:5-1 ~5 - 1•5--'1:5- 1 • 5

1.5 1.7 1.0 2.0 'l.b 1.5

1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.11 1.4

1.5 l.b I.S-1.5 1."4-1.4

1.6 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.6

1.6 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1,5

1 • 5 1 • b 1 • 7 1 .6--1:6- 1. 5

1.0 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.11

loll 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

1. 4 1. 51 •51 .5 1 • 5 1 • 5

1.7 1.6 1~6 1.7 1.6 1.b

l.b 1.6 1.b 1.6

i.S-- i.S

1 • II 1 • II

1.6 1.5

1.1, 1.0

1.7 1.0

1.0 1.0

1.0 1.6

1.0 l.b

1.0 1.0

! 01<0 1,1.

1.6 1.7

1.7 1.5

l.b 1. 6

1.6 1.6

1.6 1.0

1.7 1.5

1.6 1.6

l) C 1

05 06 07

1.5.1.5 1 .5

1.S 1.'5 1 • '5

1.5 1.5 1.0

1 .5 i.S 1.5

1.5 1.5 1 • ':>

1 • £l 1.5 1 .5

1 .0 1 .6 I • b

1.5 1 • :; 1 .5

1.5 1 .5 1 .0

1 • £l 1 • 4 1 .4

1.5 1 .5 1.=

1.7 1 .. b 1 .8

I . I> 1.7 1 • 7 . , • c . , 1 .0 1 • .J i .. Q

1 .7 1.6 1 .0

1 .. 6 1 .. b 1 • b

1.7 1 • 1 1 .7

1 • b 1 .7 1 .6

1.7 I .8 1 .7

1 • b I . b 1.6

1 .7 1 .7 1 .7

1 • 7 1 .7 1 .7

1.7 I .7 1 .7

1.7 1 .7 1 • 7

I • 7 t • q 2.0

1.6 1 .6 1 .0'

1 .7 1 .7 1 .7

1 .7 I .8 1 .8

1 .7 1.7 1.8

1,6 1 .7 1 .8

I 1 I ] I 1

1.6 1.6 1 .0

.1- • 1 • 1

1 • b

I • b

1 .7

1 • b

1,7

.1,7

1.7

I • 7

I .7

1 .0

1 .7

1.7

1.7

1 • b

I J

1.11 1 .5

1 .. 5 ! .5

1.5 1 .5

i .5 i .5

I .5 1.5

1 .4 1 • II

1.0 1 • b

1 .5 1.5

1 .5 1.5

1 • II 1 • II

I .5 1 • :;

1.7 1.7

I • I> 1.7 • L . , •• u 1 .0

1 .0 1 .0

1.5 1 .. 5

1.0 1,0

• 1 • 1

1 .. b

1 .0

1 .7

1 • b

1 .7

I .7

1 .7

1 .1

1.0

1.6

I .7

1 .1

1 .1

1 • b

I 1

03 Oil

1 • b

.1

02

1.• 0

! .4

1.5

1.5

1 .5

1 • 0

1 • 8

1 • '5

1.5

1.5

1.5

! .6

Lb

• L •• V

I.S

1.5

1 • b

I.b

1 .7

1 , b

1.7

1 .7

1.7

1.7

1 • 7

1 • b

1.7

, 1 .8

1 .1

1 .7

l J

01

• L •• V

i ii 5 _

1 • '3

1 .6

• 1

1 • h

1.6

1 .8

1.6

1 .7

1 .7

1 .6

1 • 7

I .7

1 • h

1 .7

1 • I

1 .7

1 .7

( l

~Tf:1 0

It A

7 TOO

.-----~----,_.-

~L__ L_ 1.11

F

2 1 21.S f1 3 1.5 p~ II 1, 5

Ii~-- ~: L_ 7 1.b

n 8 1.5

I 9 1.5

0'10 1,5

~,rl1 1.5 1 '

P2! 121.7 H 13 1.6 b.J 1 1J t.. H is i:s

poi 16 1.5

~;: i 7 1 • b

R 18 1,6

f", 19 1.7

f

'I .. ~~ i:~ '~_ 22 1.7

'I 23 lob

~,: "4 1 • 7

25 1.7

! 26 1.6 1 27 1.7

28 I .7

, 29 1.7

r!. . 3.. 0 1 • (,

~.II :: ',.: a so .1

OUTPT [VERSION N 28 JUL 70]
WHITE RIVER SHALE PROJECT, UTAH

f--------------.

*******-.*.***********

---------------.-----.-----------------.----.-:-:::-::-=--c--,------------------* .--- ---... SITE A 6 * PRELIMINARY DATA * * AS OF 21/JAN/77 * f----.-. n_ DECEMBER, 1976 * * ********************** AEROVIRONMENT INC. * * ____________. . *~_ ____'lSUBJECLIO .-=-* _

* REVISION *

* * ___________________________-;-.!*'2*~*'!.'!.*.!!*.!'*.!*'2*~*'!.*!!.!':*.!'.******* *~!.*. _

l ._ ~~ J_I£ LH NL.

r:i (PP~1)

CLOCK HOUR [LOCAL STANDARD TIME]

p---- U E

L~'}-' 2 ,::-

1.8 ,::1.8 ,::1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

I:: :::,:: '::

1.8__1::1.8 ':_'::-i::_':1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6

~_I~:_':~~~ 1.& 1.& 1.8 1.6 1.&:~::1.6_l:~':: 1.6 1.6 ,::

1.&

1

1,&

:~l::1.& _J:: 1.&I

1.7::',.1.8__._

3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.~ 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7' 1.7 1.7 1.8

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. 5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.& 1.& 1.7 1.& 1.& 1,& 1.& 1.6 1.9 1.~ 1,& 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9

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OUTPT [VERSION N 28 JUL 76]
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OUTPT [VEI;SION N 28 JUL 7&1
OXIDES OF NITROGEN

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\',HITE RIVER SHALE PROJECT, UTAH *******..************** I,

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**********************

~--_._--- . * PRELIMI~ARY DAT~ * * AS OF 21/JAN/77 *

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SITE A &

_________-""O-'-EllMfJiLlll& .!. _

********************** AEROVIRONMENT INC. * * ____________________________ * SVl3JECLIO . _~.. _

* REVISION *

* * ~~~f- --..------ .._- --_ - --.----. ********************** . .

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OU1PT [\lER!il!)N N 26 JUL 7bJ

APPENDIX D

TRACT C-a AIR QUALITY DATA

D-l
RIO BLANCO OIL SHALE PROJECT ---- DAILY AVERAGES

December 1976--

Day 8°2 H2 8 THe CH4 NO NO CO x °3

1 0.002 0.004 1. 586 1.564 0.002 0.004 0.150 0.024

2 0.002 0.004 1.577 1.551 0.002 0.004 0.109 0.025

3 0.002 0.004 1. 566 1.542 0.002 0.004 0.100 0.022

4 0.002 0.004 1. 567 1.533 0.002 0.004 0.123 0.023

5 0.002 0.004 1. 625 1.565 0.002 0.003 0.058 0.024

6 0.002 0.004 1.573 1.521 0.003 0.005 0.101 0.025

7 0.002 0.004 l.lf87 1.432 0.006 0.007 0.345 0.026

8 0.002 0.003 l.l120 1. 394 0.007 0.009 0.291 0.023

9 0.001 0.002 1. 444 1. 398 0.205 0.026

10 0.001 0.002 1. Lf51 1. 412 0.307 0.029

11 0.001 0.002 l.lf55 1.433 0.266 0.026

12 0.001 0.002 1. Lf 51 1.439 0.257 0.025

13 0.001 0.002 0.240 0.027

14 0.002 0.002 0.241 0.027

15 0.002 0.002 0.261 0.028

16 0.002 0.002 1.458 1.434 0.268 0.026

17 0.002 0.002 l.lf65 1.436 0.258 0.025

18 0.002 0.003 1. 482 1.455 0.003 0.004 0.235 0.026

19 0.002 0.003 1. Lf91 1.466 0.003 o,(l03 0.307 0.028

20 0.002 0.003 1.487 1. 47!+ 0.00<'1 0.004 0.311 0.026

21 0.002 0.002 l.Lf95 1.416 0.005 0.005 0.234 0.029

22 0.002 0.002 1.505 1.474 0.004 0.005 0.255 0.029

23 0.002 0.002 1.480 1.454 0.005 0.003 0.249 0.032

24 0.002 0.002 l. Lf77 1.444 0.005 0.008 0.220 0.030

25 0.002 0.003 1.519 1.486 0.004 0.000 0.272 0.028

26 0.002 0.003 1.472 1.454 0.004 0.000 0.272 0.026

27 0.002 0.002 1. 1174 1.446 0.005 0.000 0.196 0.027

28 0.002 0.002 1. 1+95 1.472 0.003 0,,000 0.231 0.030

29 0.002 0.003 1. '506 1.483 0.003 0.000 0.129 0.026

30 0.002 0.003 1. '+88 1.460 0.003 0.000 0.121 0.024

31 0.002 0.003 1.1+92 1.460 0.002 (I.DOG 0.157 0.026

Monthly

Average 0.002 0.003 1.500 1.470 o.0OLf 0.003 0.2.8 0.026

Maximum

Point 0.004 0.004 1.810 1. 667 0.010 O"Oll 0.681 0.043

Minimum

Point 0.001 0.002 1.385 1. 361 0.000 0,,000 0.000 0.013

D-2