**OFFICE** OFTHEAmORNEY iiENERAl.OF~ **AUSTIN** 

### 222

~ord&3 AlwIn P. r%Pe c0urity kttorney

Dear sir; oplnlon NO. o-3845 Ret Does Arttiole ~OZQof the Peril Code, by its Irtn@&ga, 

### cwer

The foll0vdn& question is taken from your letter July SO, 19&L, Ixppnwhi0h you requerrt t&e opinion Oi this $rpaftm.entt

WMS 8uah Pens1 Co40Art. 8020, by its leng

### uage, owc)r anything mom then Negligent **Bomicidb** aa dafinsd by P. C* Artr. USO-lQB0-1~39-liZ4O; or **i6 it**  **broad t~~Ou&i**  to 00t.r P. C. Art. ll49, br In&aoaault with e motor vehbls; Ati. lZ4l I-. C.a andth. 8tutUtbE On 8lUI’hr)” of

*'Anypezsoti whodrives or operates an autonobile or any other motor.rehiols upon eny **pub-**

**. 1113** road or **f*g?mp** **in** thLE 

### .$tato, or **upon any**  etroet or alley witMa 

### the~llmits oi an Lncorporatsd aitp to*n 

### or tflllage, while suoh peraon la intoxioatea or under the inmlenee of irtoxioating lipuQr, shall be gul&tiy of a r&mdemeanor, end w>on tmnriation shell be ~punlshe4 bp oonfineamnt in the County Iuil for not less than tan (10) daya 

### nor mwo than two (a), yoar8 or by e fine nf no$ less **than F** **’ iftr**  Doller6 ($50) nor nore t&n Fire i$ by bath such fine and

### 223 .,*,.



### Bonomble Alwln F. ~epe, Page Z

Artiole 8020, Vernnon*aAnnotated Peral C&e, beine 8 newsedtion added by Seatlon 3 of Houee nil1 73, 47th tngielature, roads as follwnl

whny**per305**who &irbs or opercrtar en automobile or any other motor VehlOle upon any. pub110 rend or hlgbwey in this State, or upon uny street or alley or any other plaoe wltbln the llmlte OXen Incorporated aity, tarn, or? village, while ruoh pttrson Is intoxioatsd or under the iniluenoe of intoxloating liquor, ant3while ao arlvlne and operating suoh autozobfle 

### or other motor oehlole sbell through accident or mistake do another aat wblah if voluntiwlly dons would be a felony, &&bell remit-e the puniahment~aftixod to the felony a0twlp OOdttba.w As to the Sects submitted fn your re uert we do .not underteke to paw upon tbe arlmlnel liabll 2 tp 04 the persoa charged t&moon, 

### nar

## a0we 

### oonstrubyour letter **ae** 

### rsquostf~ng **us to**  **do 80.**  tirepoint ost, however, t&at under the iaats submitted 

### ir yuur letter, we 860 no 

### quei3tlon inrololng Article 80&b of the Code oonteined ln pour request, therefore it la **unaeaoss6aay** 

### for **u8 to**  **oonc&lder thie**  **statute.** Article 42, Vomon'r **haotatqd paal**  **c&e, pro**  tide81 *One intenai~ to atdmlt a felony andwho in the ciat of 

### preparing ior or ereoutinet the sax16shell through mist&e or Pa&lent do an-’ otbm act wblah, ii voluntarily do@e,~would be e felohy, shell **rsoelos** the punlsbment affixed to the felony **aatually** aamxltted,* Article 45 of the Code 2rovldea that the Intention to connit an oiieatle in presumed whenever tbe **umans t&&e&**  **I.6** such as would ordimrlly result in-the oomudsalon of the ?orSldden act.

vldcsr Article 1149,. Ver’n0nt4 knnotated Penal CaUe, **proe**

*If ang driver or operator of e motor vehicle IJSmotorayale shall wlUully 

### OF~.itfiae~linsnce, aa is doriwd in the Penel code

of ti& 3?ate inthe title aad ohzqtsr on ne;ll!:ent hm.5cSdo, c01lid6 with or cause injury loge than death to any other parson he &Al ;!e

ixld guilty of qz;RrevatoQ csaault, end, up+n cmvictian, shall be 

## ~uni5h4d by finc not less than Twenty-flvs ($Za.OO) Dollam, norzore thn Ofi0TImwand (&OCO.OO) Dollera, or by Inprl6onmnt in jail not leer theI: one xoizth

nor'more thea t!?o ye.crs, or by toth cluoh

fine and lqrloonmont~ unlssa suoh lnjudea result ln Cqsth, lowhich atsnt tio:driver or operator of soy sotor rchLale or motoroy8lo &all be dealtwith 

### under the gamml law of hmloie,"

ThC +3Wf!d 1eWOf hWI$eide IQJ 

## ?Ourtd iI& a&BpSOM. :tlale*l8Ol deS& “hcml.elde* I; the dastruetion~oi the - lb inulurive ktiales 1801 et se&, or tha Penal Code, llfa of one humanbeisg br the **6at** nfsenoy ~soeuxei~ent, or aulpable omlaeion of another. f&ale l&Ook provld&~ tkt the destruatlon of life mast be 

### ocm~1ot.e **by** suchCot, *to;,. but although the lnfury ?vhlahoaumd death tight 

### aot ardor 

### other oirawstaaeas here proved tat& jet lr such iajurg~bs the aeuse at c?eath, without its l

p been any groor negleat or ma&test p”aring tImt.then hem’

. y improper treatment of the permn in~nred, 

### ltla homioibo.

Article 1241 of 5aia code 

### ~rovldrat wRm one fn the ~xeautlon of or in ettaoptlng to exeaute an aot madaa felony **by** law shall kill an&her though without an appare& intention to L&l, the imaw~ does uot corn4

wlthin ths detinltion of ne$Ji@mt hootiolde

.” Article lZ&6 of ssfd Cods provideoz 3fhoever ahall volunt~ily kill any pereon within this 3tsto shcll.?:e F;ull.ty of EUXCder. mmier shell.be dlstlngulrshed from avery 

## othersplclna nf hc?llciikJ bg tao cboeuae 4-s clrc-mstsncar whic;h reduce tho ofiease to na~ll~mt %mlcfde or which 850~6 clr 

### juatlfy the killing.*’

### 225

ID tki8 DBBO Of %Op?h~n V. sttite, 146 S. w. (!?a) 376, &pe:lant was ccririQted OP murder, ft balng alleged that goymhan. w!!ile drirfnt; and operatin:.; 5 5otQr vshfole upon a publio street within the city of Sen Antonio, Texea, 

### ena ahlle so opsratin~ and driviru; wea undsr the fnfluenee of 

### i5t0xlcetirig ll:luor, and did then and there, thrc,u;h eooldeat ad mistake, kill deoeasedby etWcl.ri the autozoblle of deoe~~~d, thereby.;~Jarring brulelng tendbreciklng the bodyOS deocalled. The oourt ln&ucted the Jury with referenae to Article 42, nupra, w%ioh lnetruotion wzs obJeoted to on the ground.that k-tiole 48 had no applloatlon to the ease but t&et A,zt.iole 1241 was apgliceblo. The court held tbet Jlrtl0x8&Ml, r.+erred to, wm not ‘appllccbletcthe oese cad

ed, out 

### of the not aerining megllgant hadcide. t&at such article merely t&se an offeme ee thelneeohpserved that thie oP inion wea reuderrd before the aneatlmen~ to Article 808 pais ng the offeneo of drlvlzg end operetln(J a .tPotoPvehicle on a publlo OLghuay

### orstreet, while 

### untler the lnfluenae of iatoxlaatlng 

### liquor,a mladamoanor in the flraf lmt~noe. ht the time of the 

### opinionthe of?ense 

### oi eodriving a notor vehlolewa6.a felony.

Suds0 Ikittlniore, apeekia~ for the aourt on motion for rehem@, in the oaee of Burton vq State, I.%3Tqx. Cr. R. 363, 55 s. Yi. (ml) 813, 615, web the following languagr$

-“In other vords, the mere feot that a ~1(1~ 16under the lnflue~e of lntoxioetl~ liquor while operatin+: a oar OSa hl@my, this :+in(; in rendof itself the egmlssion df a felony, should oat in ree$on and oomon 8sn.m makehim Guilty of mrirder, If ,hebe opcr+tin$ the oar oorreotly, and aa a raen shoiild whowcx not under,the influence of ,lntoxlca$ing liquor.* In SuZrgehttlmore*r opinion la the forsgoiogease, he aleerly aate forth the proper lntsrpretatlon to be @aed on .&rtlcle 42 of the Peoal Codm, pertlau$erly the phrase wone lntendine to ccmnlt. P fe?ony end who

. . : ahall through aoaldat and nristakeWdoanother sot. Thus in caeee ahareirig haraicrlde, invclvin~ driving an autwobiie while 

### undhr. th6 infl;lctic~ of intoXiOat~,liQAOr, where the oOn\mi6riOn of an’offsmu9 1s ohargea uasr Artlole 42, the Court of Crinflnar Appeals aonsistently required in addition to 

### proof t&t tte acaused was underthe lnfLnos of intoxloatlng liquor, 

### proof %hat the oolllston and death of the deeeasedI_ 

### 226 u.;

~onorobls hlwln il. 

### Pape,Page 5

m# brouf,hC@tout or nttri3utablo to the r?an.?arin which the aooused hendlod this oar. Modoynahan 0. 3tate, 144 ~-.Vi. (Ed) 5741 Koman v. Ptxte, 121 *x. Cr. I;. 433, 22 5. W. (2d 1051; Jonoe v. State, 127 Tax. Cr. R. 227, 75 S. I?. (2a 683; Collir~s v. State, 1 1% Tex. Cr. R. Z@b, Q49. W, (Ed) 443. T:u&, the court 

### seld 1s Colllnr v. State, clupra, are $.seues of faot to be doteMne4 by the 

### jury under appropriate inatructir;ns fro3 tha uourt. bn a>prwed charge on this .question le found in the rdoynahandaes ebovs oited.

In 

## Cookrel.1

V.State, ,135Tax. Cr. l?. 218 ll7 8. W. llG5, the t.?efrn?cr.t was convioted 

### of murder with m&o., a& (2d)

on a>ppeol the oaea wa6affirmed. The oourt ic the indiotmsnt upco whloh ths Jury found ita oslrdiot ohargsd simply, that defendant WnlawfUlly, voluntarily andwith malioe abbrrthought" killed Ueceadsd 

### by striking with an autorobile. Tha rreoondcount of the lndlotment, oubmitted to the jury mlong with the flr&t oount, oharged thet ln.the sxsoution at an unlawful and fo$onioua aot through &ooldsnt and~ml.et&& appellant drove an automobks against the deoeased ahil&n.

quotliqq Artloles 1149 hn4 1201, aupra, the ooart in the Cookrell case said that.6 persoti driving an automobile uho lnjixres a-other by the wllltul and negligent uaa of enah atitozobils, thereby ccuaing the death of such 

### pereon,does not deoeaearlly oomewithin the provieiona of the law donounol~ negliesnt hmsiolde. In the oaee the court followed &at. P. Trott; 190 W. 01 674, 180 9. E. 627, 42 A. I.. R. lll4;enU quotsd.th6wofm the followings

qurder ln the ssoond degree or **order** at oomon law, 1s the unlawf~1~kllllngof a human beingwit& a~alioe aforethought. Xalios doea not neoeeearily meenan aotual intent to take

- humanlife. It mapbe inferential or implied, lnatsad of po@itlvs, .as,whenan aotwhioh 3.e ?ortn danger to another la **done** eo'reoklerely 

### or wantonly ae to manliest depravity of mind and dleregrd of humanlife." It appeara by the provisiona of Article 8020 of the Penal Code, that the Lsgllilature hse'a?:rely combined in 8 special law ralatiw to driving while intoxioat&d,-~ or while under the fntluenoe of intoriosting liquor, eesential teatures of &%iole 42making it hn offerBe whr;roone so o eratfng the autornoblla oommits a felony, with::ut the 

### nsoaas P ty of such pereon intending to aommit or being 

### in the Rot ofBomrable Alrin E. Pep, Page 6

preparia 

### foror exeoutln;, n felow’at the tlrce another slot, whioh bein;- voluntarily dme, Is oommltted. Sy the provlsfons of Xrticle 802, as amended, the ofienee of driving ,@hile intoxlosted or under the Inrluanoe or intoxioatlng liquor hca been reduosdin graderrom a felony to a mledemeanor~ In >roseoutlons und-r the provisiona of Article 8020, thqrerore, the iore.zoing oaeea inrolvllia the oftensee formerly oharged and proesouted under Article 42, otipliBent to Article eO2 as it fomerly existed, are of Iimenee value in their oon&mtion OSthe law here to be oonsider**ed,** for the greaterpart unchangedaswe view It, in orfeneee oharged underArtiole BOEc, eupra.

& ohargiag an OfietWe 

### of neglfgeat homlolde under Artiole 8020, whPhioh ortense contains no element of intent, Article 1241would 

### no:longer be appltoable 80 aa to reaove the ofrenee from that grade defining negligent hixuloide. Thea article is only applioable where one I8 in the exeoution ot or attemding to exooute an aot made a felonmah re(lult#.~in klllimz another person.

It. 18 ourview that by the lenge~e. 01Artlole 8020, supra, the Le&iel~:tuxe has lnpoaed

### orb&ml Ueblllty to the act of driving.whlle lntoxloate4 

### orunder the influenoe of intoxicating liquor. ByArtlole 802, ,thls ofienne In itself is malum~rohlbltum and underArtlolslr ll4p and 1201, dem~ent upon the oirgmetano~er under @hioh 

### theaooldent oausing the death oooure, euohaot 

### ohcrged underArt5.ole

802em&y be melm in ee fromithlohthe intention to oommlt the otrenee ae express&d b hrtlole 43 or the Penal Coda, 1s prsaumed. 5 Am. Jur. 1 792, pm928 29; Cockrell v. State, 135 Tex. Cr. R. r: “18, 117 s. Ilk.r2df 1105. In the Cookrell case, Judge 

### Orcve6 speakin+? for the court, cites wSth approval the following languige from Goo4.m~v. Comonwaolth, 1SS Ba, 943,I51 6. K. 158s

Vhen men, while drunk 

### or eober,drive autosobi’ies alon hi&ways, and through orouded streets reoiclssaly, the killi~ of human

. beings is Rriatural an4 grob~:ble result to be axtiolpated. m,en homicide follows ae a ocnsecuence 

### of such cotzduot, a o~lrlnal intent is Imputed to the offender, aa4 he may be gunlshed for his 

### crlae. The precise gra4e or ouch u h%fcide, l*;hather murder or manslau&ter, depends upon the Teote of the Dartloulcr case."

### 228

EonarableA1d.n8.Pape,~agr0

It 18 th*reCoro the o&Ion 

## or**thin** drpartnmnt that tha ptivirlone 

## 0rArttole 00110,Veraon* Annotate6 penal Code, oonrbruedwith Article8 1149and 1801, aupre, **and** 1236 Oi aaid Code, the latter artiole 6sflaing 

### %urder*, is sutfloientl~ broed to 

### eu.pport an indiOtiiw$t 

### obergiag murder, with 

### or wlebmt nulloe. Artlole 1841 or 

### ialdCode 1sno longer applloableto take the fgron6e dharged out of the definitionof negilcjeat hoaioide,because of the
asonauant toArticle 8088 *rtllols1%4l relating to the exeoution ornttmp$ed exeoutloaof a rai0n;e; e violation 

### orArticlo 802 be&q3a 

## 8p40iri0 ml8demeanor

## 0rra5~. Artlole BOliois a newartlole and ie 

### l pparenbly Intendedto arake

a mm rule applloable to the 

### apqolrlo

### ormoose deilnodby &rtiola 808, W.&oh i6 a ai64waernor offanaa. 

### Theobvious 

### purposeln enaotln&8080ie tqa announosd in Artlale 48, whloh appllea to fr P

### plytherule onlerrgenerallp,

### to the 

### one

## spdalrio tirdsnqstor 

## .0rrub8~, Wunk drlriagS, Artlols 808. **If then** **offenre deneunwd**  **by Ar%te&s**  **808 ha&**  rmalaed a

## reloay,them would hare boea no e6oa8lonror tbo eaaotmoatorwtlele SM!o,

### bseauaeArtiole 48auld 

### be 

### l pplioable.

xt th4mr0rO r0ii0w that the ~OO~S~OM 

## 0r.tha Court or Orinlnal

### Appeal@oonattilngArtlole 48 

### amapplied to -bm~ 6ri+ia& rhila said orme wr48a r6104, would ,.'. applydth'e~ml forae.nor to ~tilclo 8OE;o;that the offeluer 

### sustain04ia'theopemtlon,0r 

### ttm

## rom4rwouldapply,001 to **the lsttar;**  **utd** that **your** qm3tlon **must, bo**  

## spasfrloally y~w~~~~ th*,t

Artlele 0080~6008cover more than aa@geC

. Yours very truly