U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

2008 annual report
contents

A Message from the Director. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Country of the Year: Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Latin America and the Caribbean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Sub-Saharan Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Middle East and North Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

South and Southeast Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

East Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Europe and Eurasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Strategic Focus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Client Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Summary of FY 2008 Program Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

FY 2008 Activities Listed by Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Financial Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

mission

The U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) advances economic 

development and U.S. commercial interests in developing and middle 

income countries. The Agency funds various forms of technical 

assistance, early investment analysis, training, orientation visits 

and business workshops that support the development of a modern 

infrastructure and a fair and open trading environment. 

USTDA’s strategic use of foreign assistance funds to support sound 

economic policy and decision-making in host countries creates an 

enabling environment for trade, investment and sustainable economic 

development. Operating at the nexus of foreign policy and commerce, 

USTDA is uniquely positioned to work with U.S. firms and host countries 

in achieving the Agency’s trade and development goals. In carrying 

out its mission, USTDA gives emphasis to economic sectors that may 

benefit from U.S. exports of goods and services.
Annual Report 2008 1

A Message From Director Larry W. Walther

As the year comes to a close, I am delighted to present this report on USTDA’s activities during fiscal year 

(FY) 2008. In many ways, this has been a remarkable 

year for the Agency in demonstrating its strengths in 

responding to priority development needs overseas 

and world events. 

USTDA is known for its innovative applications of 

private sector expertise and ingenuity in meeting 

host-country development challenges. During the 

past year, I had the opportunity to travel to each of 

the Agency’s six program regions, meeting with the 

heads of state of Georgia, Lithuania, and Costa Rica, 

as well as the Prime Ministers of Vietnam and the 

Palestinian Authority. In each instance, I witnessed 

USTDA’s transformative nature in serving as a bridge 

between project sponsors and the U.S. private sector. 

A testament to this success is the $ 2.9 billion in U.S. 

exports that were identified during FY 2008 as a result 

of the Agency’s program. 

When I arrived at USTDA as Director in March, the 

Agency had a clear understanding of its mission, 

guided by the strong and capable leadership of 

Leocadia I. Zak, who served as Acting Director for 

most of the previous year and continues to serve as 

Deputy Director. During her tenure as Acting Director, 

USTDA lived up to its reputation for responsiveness 

and excellence, forging fruitful partnerships with 

exceptional project sponsors and leading U.S. firms. 

Lee is to be commended for her dedication and 

character in carrying forward the mantle of excellence 

for which the Agency is known. As Acting Director, 

she not only provided day-to-day leadership, she also 

represented the Agency at two of its pinnacle events of 

the year, namely its successful Mexican infrastructure 

conference and the presentation of its 2007 Country 

of the Year award to Colombian President Alvaro 

Uribe Velez.

During the past year, a number of other notable highlights emerged. Among them was the honor bestowed 

on me to serve on the Presidential Delegation to 

Bethlehem attending the Palestine Investment 

Conference. There, I re-opened the Agency’s program in the West Bank, which had been closed since 

1995, with the award of a grant to increase wireless 

Internet connectivity through the deployment of a 

WiMax system in the West Bank. Since then, we have 

expanded our portfolio with an orientation visit to the 

United States for representatives of the West Bank 

marble and stone cutting industry, and a grant related 

to the development of an Internet data center in the 

West Bank. 

I was also privileged to serve on the Presidential 

Delegation that visited China’s Sichuan Province to 

assess needs after the region’s earthquake devastation. Following my visit, USTDA acted quickly to provide funding to strengthen China’s ability to predict 

and monitor aftershocks and landslides. The Agency is 

also supporting a program to provide helicopter search 

and rescue training to Chinese responders. Each of 

these programs will not only increase China’s capacity to respond to natural disasters, but opens the door 

for U.S. equipment to serve as a critical component in 

those efforts. Recognizing the importance of the U.S.-

China bilateral relationship, I travelled to China again 

in December to participate in the Strategic Economic 

Dialogue meetings, where I signed agreements signifying USTDA’s support for projects that will further 

opportunities for U.S. firms interested in assisting 

China as it implements water quality and energy efficiency improvements. 

I also travelled to Georgia twice after the Russian invasion to reaffirm USTDA’s commitment to the country’s 
2 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

development. There, I awarded a grant to strengthen 

Georgia’s energy security by developing the country’s 

coal bed methane and coal mine methane resources, 

which followed an Agency grant awarded earlier in 

the year to support the development of an Americanstandard hospital in Tbilisi.

Shortly after arriving at USTDA, I travelled as part of 

an inter-agency delegation to Africa, where I launched 

the African Trade Lanes Partnership to promote Africa’s 

food security and economic growth by fostering regional 

cooperation and connectivity in all modes of transportation. Recognizing the capacity of transportation 

infrastructure to serve as a catalyst for growth in other 

sectors, this significant two-year initiative will provide $ 4 million for transportation infrastructure planning across sub-Saharan Africa. As an initial step, I 

signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with the East 

African Community (EAC) and the U.S. Department 

of Transportation to promote regional integration 

among the five EAC countries. In further support of the 

Trade Lanes Initiative and the Millennium Challenge 

Corporation’s (MCC) investments in Africa, USTDA also 

funded an orientation visit to the United States for key 

government officials and private sector decision makers 

from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, and Tanzania. 

This visit allowed the delegates to meet with potential 

U.S. private sector partners and providers of road construction services and equipment.

Throughout the year, I have been impressed by the 

level of USTDA’s cooperation with other U.S. government agencies in carrying out its mission. The 

Agency routinely partners with technical agencies 

at the Departments of Transportation, Homeland 

Security, and others in bringing their expertise to bear 

on the Agency’s activities. In addition, many USTDAsupported projects receive funding support during 

their implementation phases from the Export-Import 

Bank of the United States and the Overseas Private 

Investment Corporation.

Building on this collaboration and following the 

President’s announcement of a new approach to foreign assistance through MCC’s creation in his 2004 

State of the Union Address, I was pleased to play an 

important role in refocusing USTDA’s programs in 

El Salvador, Ghana, Jordan, and Morocco in FY 2008 

to support the objectives of each country’s long-term 

development strategy with the MCC. This harmonization is helping to strengthen the impact of both 

agencies’ efforts. This spring, I was able to see the 

effectiveness of this approach in El Salvador’s Northern 

Zone, where USTDA is complementing MCC assistance by funding activities to promote the region’s 

development. Following this success, USTDA is providing assistance in developing an agricultural leasing 

program in Ghana, a cold storage project in Morocco, 

and a clean water project in Jordan, all of which are 

designed to ensure that U.S. industry plays an important role in project implementation.

Continuing the tradition of selecting a Country of the 

Year, I am pleased to announce that Brazil is the 2008 

recipient of this distinction. Brazil was chosen due to 

the commercial success of U.S. firms in benefiting from 

the Agency’s portfolio, the country’s significant economic progress in recent years, and the very promising future of USTDA’s relationship with strong Brazilian 

project sponsors. As the third largest recipient of 

Agency funding in the Latin America and Caribbean 

region, USTDA has invested in 91 priority development 

projects in Brazil. Over the years, these investments 

have facilitated $ 263 million in U.S. exports. Brazil has 

now embarked on a significant multi-year infrastructure development program that presents strong opportunities for USTDA to assist in defining the structure of 

the projects, so that U.S. firms are able to successfully 

compete for sales opportunities. 

USTDA’s achievements during the past year are 

directly attributable to the talent, expertise, and dedication of the Agency’s exceptional staff. At the same 

time, the Agency’s reliance on private sector solutions 

to development challenges gives USTDA proven tools 

of success with which to carry out its program in cooperation with so many outstanding partners overseas. 

I am confident that the Agency’s record in FY 2008 

will serve as a solid foundation in guiding its future.

Larry W. Walther

Director, U.S. Trade and Development Agency

“USTDA’s achievements during the past year are directly attributable to the talent, expertise 

and dedication of the Agency’s exceptional staff. At the same time, the Agency’s reliance on 

private sector solutions to development challenges gives USTDA proven tools of success with 

which to carry out its program in cooperation with so many outstanding partners overseas.”
USTDA reopened its program in the West Bank during 

FY 2008 with a grant promoting the expansion of the region’s 

wireless Internet connectivity. Pictured here at the grant 

signing with Director Walther (left) are His Excellency Kamal 

Hassouneh (center), Minister of Telecommunications and 

Information Technology of the Palestinian Authority, and BCI 

Communications & Advanced Technologies Ltd. Managing 

Director Said Baransi (right).

Annual Report 2008 3

In particular, the Agency’s portfolio of projects centered on three strategic areas—promoting energy and 

environmental best practices; ensuring secure and safe 

trade; and fostering open and fair trade. 

As in the past few years, trade capacity building work 

comprised almost half of USTDA’s project activities. The Agency prioritized projects that supported 

regional trade cooperation and infrastructure connectivity. More specifically, USTDA supported several new 

trade activities connected with the African Growth 

and Opportunity Act, the Asia-Pacific Economic 

Cooperation dialogue, the Agency’s Dominican 

Republic-Central America Trade Integration Initiative, 

and its regional initiative in South and Central Asia.

In addition, USTDA demonstrated its flexibility, 

responsiveness, and project development expertise by 

providing assistance in response to the May earthquake in Sichuan, China, and in furthering war reconstruction efforts in Georgia. The Agency also funded 

assistance to promote the development of transportation infrastructure as part of the U.S. response to the 

global food crisis. 

Throughout the year, USTDA placed great importance 

on the formation of public-private partnerships in the 

delivery of its assistance. The Agency also worked 

closely with other U.S. government agencies. USTDA 

and the MCC, for instance, worked jointly on several 

projects this year with the goal of expanding U.S. company involvement in overseas development work. 

USTDA also achieved notable project successes in 

FY 2008 across many sectors, including aviation, environment, information and communications technology (ICT), and energy. New U.S. exports identified in 

FY 2008 totaled $ 2.9 billion. USTDA also re-opened 

its program in the West Bank, and laid the foundation 

for robust programs in Brazil, India, and China.

Promoting Energy and 

Environmental Best Practices

As overall energy demand has grown, the desire of 

developing countries to produce and utilize energy in a 

sustainable and environmentally-friendly manner has 

grown. In FY 2008, USTDA prioritized activities promoting alternative energy resource development and 

energy conservation projects worldwide. In this regard, 

USTDA provided grants to Romania and Lithuania to 

develop liquefied natural gas import terminals. These 

terminals will augment the security and diversity of 

Romania and Lithuania’s energy supply and increase 

the level of competition in the natural gas market.

overview

In FY 2008, USTDA’s program covered a broad range of activities supporting U.S. 

trade interests and foreign policy priorities. The Agency’s activities drew upon 

the strengths of U.S. industry and matched them with emerging opportunities in 

developing and middle-income countries. 
4 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

The parallel interests of increasing energy production 

and improving environmental standards have, in 

turn, presented a major opportunity for the U.S. 

private sector. USTDA utilized all of its program 

tools in FY 2008 to help bring that expertise to 

bear. For example, the Agency signed two technical 

assistance grants with Mexico’s Comisión Federal de 

Electricidad (CFE) to develop important environmental 

management and remediation programs. One 

grant is funding technical assistance to strengthen 

environmental remediation at CFE’s decommissioned 

power plants and substations. The other is helping 

to strengthen environmental management, such as 

the reduction of harmful chemical emissions and 

the development of waste management procedures, 

at over 160 CFE facilities. These two projects will 

demonstrate the latest environmental management 

techniques and best practices associated with the 

electricity sector. The Agency also supported clean 

fuel refinery projects in India and China, and worked 

with the U.S. Department of State and others to 

deliver assistance through the Asia-Pacific Partnership 

on Clean Development and Climate.

USTDA also continued to emphasize the role that 

the private sector can play in helping countries meet 

their energy needs. In sub-Saharan Africa, many of the 

Agency’s activities have supported the emergence of 

independent power production (IPP) across the continent. In FY 2008 alone, USTDA funded activities associated with IPP projects in Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, 

South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Ensuring Secure and Safe Trade

Secure and safe trade is a central pillar of a vibrant and 

healthy world economic system, benefiting the United 

States and ensuring the economic health and growth 

potential of its developing and middle-income trading partners. Increasing access to goods and services 

through reliable transportation networks is one of the 

key requirements for measurable development and 

poverty reduction worldwide. As such, USTDA supported several transportation infrastructure development projects, and launched some new initiatives. 

The African Trade Lanes Partnership, for instance, was 

created in FY 2008 as a two-year initiative to support 

transportation infrastructure planning to facilitate 

international and intra-African trade and cooperation. 

As initial steps under the Partnership, USTDA has 

supported a Ministerial-level transportation policy 

dialogue, railroad interconnectivity, and aviation 

infrastructure modernization.

In a post 9/11 world, security is by far one of the 

most pressing issues at the forefront of global trade. 

USTDA’s Global Customs Initiative, which was 

launched in FY 2007, targets projects in port and supply chain security, and is designed to assist participating countries in adopting private sector-driven 

technical solutions, and expanding global markets for 

U.S. businesses. In FY 2008, USTDA hosted the first 

senior-level policy dialogue between U.S. government 

officials and delegates from the Philippine, Indonesian, 

Vietnamese and Malaysian customs agencies. Similar 

senior policy dialogues with the Brazilian and Mexican 

agencies are schedule for FY 2009.

Fostering Trade Capacity and 

Favorable Regulatory Frameworks 

Trade capacity constraints and poor regulatory 

frameworks limit countries’ ability to grow and serve 

as disincentives to U.S. investment and business. 

Therefore, USTDA strives to promote pro-growth trade 

policies through partnerships with the U.S. private 

sector to help eliminate trade barriers, bolster stable 

and transparent regulatory frameworks, and promote 

U.S. trade policy. In FY 2008, the Agency, in concert 

with its U.S. private sector partners, made significant 

investments to foster open and fair access for U.S. 

firms by strengthening the regulatory mechanisms in 

key markets. 

In China, for example, USTDA led an initiative in 

partnership with the Federal Trade Commission, the 

Departments of Justice and Commerce, the Office of 

the U.S. Trade Representative, and the U.S. Chamber of 

Commerce, in supporting a training program to ensure 

that China’s new anti-monopoly law provides fair 

treatment to U.S. companies. This law is considered by 

many experts to be the most important piece of legislation that will impact China’s competition policy for 

the foreseeable future.

USTDA also has formed a public-private partnership 

with U.S. industry to foster dialogue and cooperation 

USTDA also achieved notable project successes in FY 2008 across many sectors, including 

aviation, environment, ICT, and energy. New U.S. exports identified in FY 2008 totaled 

$ 2.9 billion. USTDA also re‐opened its program in the West Bank, and laid the foundation 

for robust programs in Brazil, India and China.
To help strengthen India’s food security and trade capac‐

ity, USTDA sponsored a series of workshops under the 

U.S.-India Agriculture Knowledge Initiative on cold chain 

infrastructure. Here, some workshop participants are shown 

reviewing experiments involving produce samples stored 

under various conditions.

Annual Report 2008 5

in the development of commercial and industrial 

standards policy and regulatory development in 

China and India. Consistent standards and conformity 

assessment systems in these countries will strengthen 

their ability to meet World Trade Organization 

obligations and improve product quality, safety, and 

reliability. USTDA expects to extend this type of 

assistance to Latin America in the near future.

Responding to Emerging 

World Events

USTDA is recognized for its ability to respond quickly 

and deliver its full program of activities to support 

emergencies or global crises. Unfortunately, in 

FY 2008, the world witnessed many tragic natural 

and man-made disasters that called for quick and 

decisive responses from the international community. 

USTDA was pleased to answer the call and provide 

immediate assistance.

For instance, USTDA, along with other U.S. government agencies, adopted an aggressive strategy in 

response to the global food crisis, focusing on agriculture infrastructure development to fight the underlying 

causes of food insecurity around the globe.

Late in FY 2007, USTDA established the Indian Cold 

Chain Program to build capacity in India’s fresh fruits 

and vegetables industry. As a result of the various 

training modules conducted in FY 2008, two companies have already signed agreements, resulting in 

substantial investment and the potential for large 

future exportation of U.S. goods and services. Based 

on this success, USTDA supported a similar project in 

Morocco, and is now focusing attention on cold chain 

supply work in China. 

In June 2008, shortly after the devastating earthquake 

in Sichuan Province, Director Walther visited China. 

In response to a Chinese request on that visit, USTDA 

provided assistance to the earthquake recovery efforts, 

including funding for U.S. Geological Survey experts 

to help with earthquake aftershock prediction and 

landslide monitoring. USTDA will continue to support 

recovery efforts in Sichuan in FY 2009. 

In addition, USTDA was proud to be part of the 

U.S. government’s emergency response economic 

assistance mission to Georgia, led by the State 

Department’s Under Secretary for Economic, Business, 

and Agricultural Affairs, just weeks after the Russian 

invasion. During the visit, Director Walther signed 

a grant for the development of a coal-bed methane 

project, which ultimately will contribute to Georgia’s 

energy independence. USTDA is currently reviewing several additional energy and other infrastructure 

projects in Georgia as part of a broader U.S. government effort to assist the country with its reconstruction efforts.

Forging New Partnerships 

and Looking Forward

USTDA’s continued goal in FY 2009 is to remain 

flexible and work closely with U.S. industry and the 

Agency’s overseas project partners to help deliver 

quality project development and trade capacity 

building assistance. In doing so, USTDA will remain 

diligent at balancing trade interests, development 

needs and U.S. foreign policy priorities to ensure 

maximum results for U.S. exporters and the 

developing country project sponsors. 
6 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

As the third largest recipient of 

USTDA’s funding for the Latin 

America and Caribbean region, 

USTDA has invested in 91 priority 

development projects in Brazil. As 

a result, USTDA’s investments in 

Brazil have facilitated $ 263 million 

in U.S. exports.

Brazil is the largest economy in 

Latin America and is a regional 

success story. The country has 

produced steady economic growth, 

transformed itself into a creditor nation, and achieved investment grade status from Standard 

& Poor’s and Moody’s. Brazil is 

an attractive location for foreign 

investment and is considered an 

important U.S. commercial partner in the region. In fact, two-way 

trade between the United States 

and Brazil grew by 78 percent to 

$ 50.2 billion in 2007, up from 

$ 28.2 billion in 2002.

In parallel with these developments, Brazil is investing heavily in 

infrastructure. The Brazilian government has initiated a R$ 500 billion (US$ 230 billion), four-year 

program of major infrastructure 

projects to modernize the country’s transportation, energy, and 

utility sectors. In addition, Brazilian 

state and municipal governments, 

as well as the private sector, have 

considerable future plans that will 

contribute to the country’s infrastructure development.

USTDA’s program in Brazil supports these goals and the objectives of the U.S.-Brazil Commercial 

Dialogue. Launched in June 2006, 

the Dialogue seeks to stimulate 

bilateral trade and investment, with 

a focus on improving the competitiveness of each country.

By working with innovative 

Brazilian partners, USTDA has 

identified projects that would best 

benefit from U.S. technologies 

and services during project 

implementation. Aviation, surface 

transportation, and ICT are the 

most active sectors for USTDA 

in Brazil.

USTDA’s largest success story in 

Brazil stems from an orientation 

visit the Agency sponsored for 

rail officials, led by the Brazilian 

Association of National Rail 

Transporters (see feature on p. 9). 

Over the course of the visit, 

the Brazilian delegates were 

introduced to a variety of U.S. 

rail technologies. As a result of 

contacts made during the visit, 

one of the participating Brazilian 

companies, MRS Logística, 

purchased $ 126 million in General 

Electric (GE) locomotives.

In another example of the success 

of USTDA’s partnerships in Brazil, 

$ 40 million in U.S. exports by GE, 

Flowserve, Unifrax, Honeywell and 

Kidde Fire Fighting originated from 

a USTDA-sponsored technical 

assistance program for Petrobras, 

Brazil’s national oil company. The 

program, which was carried out 

by Risk, Reliability and Safety 

Engineering, of League City, Texas, 

assisted Petrobras in upgrading its 

refinery fire control systems. 

Building upon these successes, 

USTDA awarded three grants 

in FY 2008 to strong Brazilian 

project sponsors. The grants, 

valued at over $ 1.2 million, 

support development priorities 

in the ICT and aviation sectors. 

In the State of Acre, for example, 

USTDA is funding a study for the 

State Secretariat of Administrative 

Management to determine the 

feasibility of implementing a 

statewide broadband connectivity 

project to increase Internet 

access in the remote regions of 

the state. Meanwhile, USTDA 

is providing two grants to the 

State of Minas Gerais. Under 

a grant to the State Economic 

Development Secretariat, USTDA 

is furthering the development of 

an administrative data center. 

A separate grant to the Transport 

and Public Works Secretariat 

2008 country of the year:Brazil

USTDA is pleased to recognize Brazil as its 2008 Country of the Year. Brazil was chosen 

due to the success of the Agency’s portfolio, the country’s significant economic progress 

in recent years, the success of U.S. firms in benefiting from USTDA’s program in Brazil, and 

the very promising future of USTDA’s relationship with strong Brazilian project sponsors. 

Photo © Atlantide Phototravel/Corbis
Annual Report 2008 7

Developing the Infrastructure to Promote Growth

is funding the expansion of 

the PROAERO Small Airports 

Network Program.

In addition to these grants, USTDA 

sponsored orientation visits to 

the United States to facilitate 

exchanges between key Brazilian 

decision makers and their U.S. 

counterparts. The visits focused 

on marginal oilfield production, the 

natural gas/liquefied natural gas 

sector, and aviation.

USTDA’s program in Brazil demonstrates the Agency’s effectiveness in bringing U.S. technology, 

expertise and ingenuity to bear in 

addressing development needs. In 

establishing its priorities, Brazil has 

continuously endeavored to couple 

infrastructure development with 

Historic center of the Brazilian 

city of Salvador, Bahia. 

USTDA Director Larry W. Walther and Acre 

State Secretary for Administrative Management 

Mâncio Lima Cordeiro shake hands following 

the award of a grant that will assist the State 

of Acre in determining the feasibility of a 

proposed statewide broadband project.

economic growth. USTDA looks 

forward to continuing to partner 

with Brazil to meet both countries’ 

commercial and policy objectives. 
8 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

A highlight of the year was the 

selection of Brazil as USTDA’s 

Country of the Year (see feature on 

p. 6). This recognition symbolized 

the strength of economic and 

trade relations between the United 

States and Brazil, as well as Brazil’s 

commitment to develop a diverse 

and vibrant economy.

During FY 2008, USTDA continued 

to support regional trade capacity 

and integration. For example, in 

El Salvador, USTDA signed three 

grants, totaling $ 1.1 million for 

the high priority Northern Zone. 

The grants complement the 

MCC Compact with El Salvador 

and were awarded under the 

Agency’s Dominican Republic–

Central America Trade Integration 

Initiative. The grants will fund a 

comprehensive Northern Zone 

development and investment plan, 

the creation of an Internet portal 

devoted exclusively to information 

about trade and investment 

opportunities in the Northern Zone, 

and technical assistance to the 

Municipality of Chalatenango in 

developing a commercial zone and 

municipal infrastructure that builds 

upon the MCC’s investments.

Recognizing the importance of the 

U.S.–Mexico bilateral relationship, 

USTDA co-sponsored the U.S. and 

Mexico: Building Partnerships in 

Infrastructure Conference in Mexico 

City. The event highlighted crossborder partnership opportunities 

under the Government of Mexico’s 

National Infrastructure Program. 

Approximately 400 participants 

from the public and private 

sectors of Mexico and the United 

States, including five Mexican 

cabinet officials, participated in 

the conference.

The expansion of aviation 

infrastructure was the region’s 

predominant sectoral focus, 

comprised of eight aviation-related 

grants in Brazil, the Caribbean, 

Chile, and Mexico. An aviation 

sector highlight for the Agency 

was its collaboration with the 

International Finance Corporation 

on the planned privatization of Air 

Jamaica. To support this effort, 

USTDA provided two technical 

assistance grants to fund the 

development of a corporate 

and regulatory framework, as 

well as a technical review of the 

privatization for the Government 

Latin America and the

USTDA’s activities in Latin America and the Caribbean 

during FY 2008 supported greater regional trade 

and integration, while responding to the demand for 

innovative infrastructure development in the energy, 

environmental, transportation and ICT sectors.

of Jamaica. USTDA assistance will 

facilitate competitive privatization 

offers for the national airline, while 

realizing significant cost savings 

for the Government of Jamaica.

USTDA also maintained an active 

portfolio in sustainable energy 

development and environmental remediation throughout Latin 

America and the Caribbean during FY 2008. For example, USTDA 

provided two grants to Mexico’s 

Federal Electricity Commission to 

develop environmental management and remediation programs. 

The Agency also awarded a grant 

to the Municipality of Puerto 

Peñasco in Mexico to assess the 

feasibility of installing a water 

desalination system.

The ICT sector featured prominently, as well, in USTDA’s 

FY 2008 Latin America and 

Caribbean portfolio. For instance, 

USTDA provided grants to analyze 

Internet broadband and administrative data center projects 

in Brazil. 

Overall, USTDA’s FY 2008 

portfolio in Latin America and 

the Caribbean demonstrated 

a commitment to U.S. foreign 

policy and trade objectives, while 

responding to the development 

needs and priorities of a dynamic 

regional market. 

Photo courtesy of GE Transportation 
Annual Report 2008 9

USTDA played a pivotal role in the sale of 55 General 

Electric locomotives, with a U.S. content valued at 

more than $ 120 million, to MRS Logística, a Brazilian 

rail company. By sponsoring a reverse trade mission for 

10 delegates from the Brazilian rail sector to the United 

States, USTDA provided a forum for procurement decision 

makers to examine U.S. capabilities in the area of railroad 

rehabilitation and modernization.

The visit was prompted by the interest of Brazilian rail 

companies in making significant upgrades to their rolling 

stock, communications and signaling systems, track, and 

other infrastructure. Based on these needs, the itinerary 

was structured to inform U.S. companies about export 

opportunities in the Brazilian rail sector and to facilitate 

direct contact with key decision makers. 

During the reverse trade mission, the delegates traveled to Pennsylvania for site tours, including one to the 

GE Transportation diesel engine manufacturing plant in 

Grove City. GE’s transportation business recognized the 

importance of this initial contact leading up to its sales 

activity to MRS Logística. “The visit by the Brazilian rail 

officials helped us to establish the lasting contacts necessary to tap into an important emerging market. We look 

forward to building on these relationships for many years to 

come,” said Robert Parisi, General Manager of International 

Locomotives and Modernizations at GE Transportation.

The Brazilian rail officials visit is an outstanding example of 

the way USTDA’s program connects U.S. firms with export 

opportunities. In addition to the site visits in Pennsylvania, 

the delegates also presented their procurement needs 

to U.S. firms at a business briefing in Chicago, Illinois. At 

the business briefing, each Brazilian delegate met with a 

minimum of 15 U.S. company representatives due to the 

strong interest in the visit. 

Supporting Economic Development and Innovation

Connecting U.S. Firms with Opportunities in Brazil’s Rail Sector

USTDA funded an orientation visit to the United States for 

Brazilian rail officials that contributed to MRS Logística’s 

decision to purchase GE locomotives. 

Caribbean:
10 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

In this regard, USTDA programs 

create the necessary linkages 

between sectors, countries, 

and partners. 

One of the most severe 

constraints on economic growth in 

sub-Saharan Africa is the lack of 

basic infrastructure. Recognizing 

this need, USTDA solidified its 

approach in the region during 

FY 2008 by looking at how 

combinations of activities in 

transportation, energy, and ICT 

must be employed collectively 

to affect economic development. 

In addition, the Agency 

continued its focus on regional 

cooperation and integration in 

addressing sub-Saharan Africa’s 

infrastructure needs. 

FY 2008 was a banner year for 

USTDA in sub-Saharan Africa in 

launching the African Trade Lanes 

Partnership, promoting regional 

ICT initiatives, and creating 

several public-private partnership 

opportunities in the energy and 

power sector.

Under the African Trade Lanes 

Partnership, USTDA is fostering regional cooperation and 

connectivity in all modes of 

transportation, including aviation, maritime, land, and rail. 

Throughout the two-year program, 

the Agency will provide grant funding for transportation infrastructure planning activities across 

sub-Saharan Africa. USTDA’s 

resources will leverage donor assistance and private capital to further 

the implementation of efficient 

trade lanes and core transportation 

infrastructure. 

As an initial step, USTDA signed 

a Memorandum of Cooperation 

with the East African Community 

(EAC) and the U.S. Department 

of Transportation for the development and support of regional 

integration activities among the 

five EAC countries. USTDA also 

funded an orientation visit to the 

United States for key government 

officials and private sector decision makers from Burkina Faso, 

Ghana, Mozambique, and Tanzania 

to meet with potential U.S. private sector partners and providers of road construction services 

and equipment. This activity was 

designed to leverage each country’s Compact Agreement with the 

MCC, which is investing heavily in road construction in priority 

Sub-Saharan Africa:

In sub-Saharan Africa, what we do is as important as how 

we do it. USTDA’s ability to work on both a country-specific 

and regional basis is essential in promoting regional 

economic integration through infrastructure modernization. 

transportation corridors. 

In July 2008, USTDA expanded its 

commitment to regional integration by sponsoring the West Africa 

ICT Road Map to Opportunities 

Conference in Accra, Ghana. The 

conference included participation 

by Ghanaian Vice President Alhaji 

Aliu Mahama and seven communications ministers from the region. 

The symposium promoted regional 

solutions to advance telecommunications interconnectivity, highlighting the role that U.S. technology 

providers could play in meeting 

West Africa’s ICT goals. It also 

served as the venue for launching USTDA’s program in Niger and 

deepened the Agency’s commitment to Liberia’s reconstruction 

through a series of grants that will 

support the development of each 

country’s ICT infrastructure.

To help Africa meet its demand for 

power, USTDA focused on ways to 

promote energy security through 

diversification. To this end, USTDA 

supported activities in FY 2008 

to promote independent power 

production in Cameroon, Mali, 

Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, 

and Uganda.

In the coming year, USTDA will 

continue to maintain its strong 

presence in sub-Saharan Africa, 

prioritizing regional cooperation 

and integration in the development 

of solutions to development 

challenges. 
Annual Report 2008 11

Gloria Ngozi Ezeokafor is one of the more than 1,500 

“village phone ladies” in Nigeria, who have received 

training in how to run businesses selling airtime on a 

per-call basis to their communities. The training was 

provided as part of a collaborative community phone 

project by the International Finance Corporation, MTN 

Nigeria and USTDA. 

This successful project involves providing phone kits to 

women in rural communities, using financing from microfinance institutions, to establish businesses as telephone 

service providers in their communities. A USTDA-funded 

contractor was responsible for overseeing the program’s 

implementation in Nigeria, where the initial program 

targets were met in the 435 communities across the 

22 states where it was implemented.

“My service reaches over 2,000 people, enabling them 

to conduct their businesses more efficiently,” said 

Ms. Ezeokafor about the impact of her company on the 

local community. “My customers, many of whom work in 

the market, are now able to reach their distributors when 

they need more stock, or call their customers when they 

have new goods.”

Based on the program results in Nigeria, the IFC has 

expanded the program to Madagascar and Malawi, and 

plans to further replicate the community phone project in 

the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burkina Faso 

by the end of 2009. The entire project envisions training 

up to 20,000 women to become telephone service 

providers in their communities. 

Expanding Access to Information and Communications Technology in Africa

Gloria Ngozi 

Ezeokafor (right) is 

a community phone 

operator in Nigeria 

as a result of a 

USTDA-supported 

project through 

the International 

Finance Corporation. 

Her company is 

helping to pro‐

mote economic 

growth by connect‐

ing businesses in 

her community with 

suppliers and poten‐

tial customers.

A “No-Borders” Approach to Development
12 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

In carrying out its program, USTDA 

tailored activities to the specific 

needs of each project to maximize 

the potential benefits to project 

sponsors and the U.S. business 

community. 

A highlight of the year for the 

Agency in the Middle East and 

North Africa was the re-opening of 

its program in the West Bank at the 

Palestine Investment Conference 

(PIC) in Bethlehem. Director 

Walther participated in the PIC 

as a member of the Presidential 

Delegation and awarded a grant 

for technical assistance on the 

deployment of a private sectorled WiMax network, a wireless 

telecommunications technology 

intended for highly-populated 

metropolitan areas that can 

provide broadband wireless access 

up to 30 miles. Director Walther’s 

participation in the conference also 

led to two additional West Bank 

activities in FY 2008. They include 

a grant to support the creation 

of a private sector Internet data 

center to help expand web-based 

commerce in the West Bank and 

the region, and an orientation 

visit to the United States for 

representatives of the marble 

and stone industry, a significant 

component of the economy in the 

West Bank. 

Elsewhere in the region, USTDA 

collaborated with MCC, which 

recently signed a Compact in 

Morocco. During FY 2008, USTDA 

funded a technical assistance program in cold storage infrastructure 

for palm dates that complements MCC support for improved 

Moroccan fruit tree production. 

Following this successful model, 

the Agency is considering similar support to the fisheries sector 

related to the MCC Compact and 

is developing additional activities 

for the year ahead. USTDA is also 

working with the MCC to facilitate an orientation visit focused 

on Jordan’s water sector. The visit 

is expected to take place in the 

spring of 2009 and will build on 

both USTDA and MCC activities 

in Jordan. 

Across the region, ICT, energy, 

environment, and transportation 

were priority sectors for USTDA. 

ICT proved to be the Agency’s 

most dynamic sector in the region, 

with the award of the WiMax and 

Internet data center grants in the 

West Bank, as well as a grant for 

a Smart Card program in Jordan 

aimed at assisting the government 

Middle East and North 

USTDA’s portfolio of activities in the Middle East 

and North Africa for FY 2008 reflected the Agency’s 

continuing commitment to supporting the development 

goals of overseas project sponsors through the use of 

U.S. services, equipment, and technology. 

in promoting more efficient and 

modern government infrastructure. 

USTDA continued its support 

for the region’s energy sector 

in FY 2008 with a grant to the 

Moroccan Office of Hydrocarbons 

and Mining. The grant is funding 

technical assistance for data management and investment promotion 

in upstream petroleum and mineral 

development. The goal of the program is to increase investment in 

Morocco’s hydrocarbon and mineral resources. USTDA also funded 

a feasibility study in Egypt for an 

integrated sugarcane and ethanol 

plant in the Kalabasha Valley, near 

Aswan, Egypt, in order to provide 

new energy sources for Egypt’s rapidly expanding energy needs.

In the aviation sector, USTDA 

provided a grant to EgyptAir 

Maintenance and Engineering, one 

of the Middle East and Africa’s 

leading providers of aircraft maintenance services, to upgrade its 

ICT infrastructure for corporate, as 

well as maintenance, repair, and 

overhaul operations. This technical 

assistance project will investigate 

how EgyptAir Maintenance and 

Engineering’s ICT resources can be 

updated to best meet and exceed 

its safety, quality, customer service, 

and profitability goals. 

USTDA will continue to work with 

strong project sponsors across 

the Middle East and North Africa 

to increase trade capacity and 

promote economic development 

by supporting activities that also 

foster commercial opportunities 

for U.S. firms.

Photo courtesy of Orascom Construction Industries
Annual Report 2008 13

An ammonia production plant in Ain Sokhna, Egypt, is 

being constructed using more than $ 275 million in U.S. 

exports of goods and services. A USTDA-funded early 

investment analysis for the project sponsor, Egypt Basic 

Industries Corporation (EBIC), laid the ground work for 

EBIC to move forward with this project, which will provide 

significant benefits to the Egyptian economy. 

Ammonia is a key component in the production of fertilizer and the plant will help Egypt to meet growing domestic and international demand. The USTDA-funded study, 

which was conducted by the M.W. Kellogg Technology 

Company, now Kellogg Brown & Root Company (KBR), 

provided the foundation for the development of a modern 

ammonia plant that utilizes KBR technology and conforms to new environmental laws. Based upon the completed study, the Export-Import Bank of the United States 

approved a $ 229 million long-term guarantee to support 

KBR’s offer to build the plant. To date, 33 U.S. companies 

in 11 states have realized business as KBR suppliers in the 

engineering and construction of the plant. 

EBIC Chairman Basil Elbaz and Managing Director Dr. Amr 

Hassaballah noted that USTDA’s assistance was an effective catalyst in moving the project forward. “USTDA fueled 

a first step... and provided a roadmap for us to follow,” 

they said.

The plant is now in the commissioning phase and will go 

into production in January 2009, yielding 2,000 metric 

tons of ammonia per day. Based on the plant’s progress 

so far, EBIC has taken preliminary steps toward replicating 

the project on a larger scale, which may lead to significant 

additional U.S. exports in the future. 

USTDA Study Laid Groundwork for Egyptian Ammonia Plant

More than 

$ 275 million in U.S. 

exports have been 

used in the construc‐

tion of an ammonia 

production plant in 

Ain Sokhna, Egypt.

Responding to Regional Priorities

Africa: 
14 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

Energy, aviation, and ICT were 

priorities in South and Southeast 

Asia. In the energy sector, security and clean energy investments 

were key, demonstrated by important projects in Cambodia, India, 

the Philippines, and Vietnam. 

The Agency’s aviation activities 

targeted safety initiatives, infrastructure needs, traffic growth, 

and planning for the adoption of 

new air traffic management technologies by Asia-Pacific Economic 

Cooperation (APEC) economies. 

In ICT, investments addressed 

diverse, yet common needs in 

e-government, port logistics, water 

supply, environmental management, and disaster preparedness. 

This thematic diversity was complemented by training programs, 

trade missions, and technical 

workshops that played an important role in the Agency’s regional 

portfolio. Topics included: e-government systems and customs 

modernization in Southeast Asia; 

cold chain infrastructure development, air navigation and management, agricultural biotechnology, 

and patent examination in India; 

refinery modernization in Pakistan; 

and standards development and 

civil nuclear power infrastructure 

in Vietnam. 

USTDA’s India portfolio expanded 

significantly in FY 2008 and 

included oil refinery safety 

and modernization activities, 

an offshore oil and gas safety 

program, and an oil and gas 

regulatory capacity building 

program. Under the U.S.-India 

Aviation Cooperation Program, 

the Agency supported programs 

to address capacity challenges, 

improve safety management, 

and transition to new air traffic 

management technologies. In 

addition, USTDA committed 

funding to a U.S.-India cooperation 

program to develop a more 

transparent standards system 

based on market-driven, private 

sector-led approaches. The 

Agency also saw significant 

results from ongoing technical 

cooperation initiatives in coal bed 

methane development.

In Southeast Asia, USTDA’s programs were led by diverse commitments in the Philippines and 

Vietnam, reflecting their economic 

momentum. In the Philippines, 

South and Southeast 

USTDA completed a strong year in South and Southeast 

Asia supporting activities in several essential sectors, in 

line with U.S. strategic trade goals, led by a substantially 

expanded India program and a diverse set of new 

investments in Southeast Asian partner countries. 

opportunities included water 

supply management, packaged 

effluent treatment, ICT modernization, oil spill response, and 

financing of rural electrification. In 

Vietnam, commitments included 

activities in aviation safety, ICT 

planning for port logistics, and 

stock market system modernization. These countries, along with 

Indonesia and Thailand, are traditionally strong partners, where 

U.S. companies play a role promoting trade, development, and 

modernization gains. 

USTDA supported a senior-level 

policy dialogue between U.S. 

and Southeast Asian customs 

officials from the Philippines, 

Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia 

as part of the Agency’s Global 

Customs Initiative, a $4 million 

program launched in 2007 to 

address critical customs training 

requirements by incorporating 

private sector-driven approaches 

to customs-related needs. 

USTDA will continue to emphasize 

shared modernization priorities 

and technical assistance objectives in South and Souteast Asia in 

the energy, transportation, finance, 

environment, and trade capacity areas. Addressing these priorities through the use of USTDA 

program and assistance tools will 

facilitate the application of U.S. 

solutions to development needs, 

while directly supporting U.S. foreign policy goals with key partners 

in the region. 
Annual Report 2008 15

Sabre Holdings, of Southlake, Texas, has won a multimillion dollar contract to supply its Internet Booking 

Engine and passenger service system to Vietnam Airlines. 

This success was made possible by a USTDA-funded 

technical assistance program conducted by Unisys 

Corporation, based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania.

The recommendations developed by Unisys outlined the 

necessary systems upgrades and procedures for Vietnam 

Airlines to comply with the International Air Transport 

Association’s (IATA) Simplifying the Business (StB) 

program, a global e-commerce initiative for the airline 

industry. The StB program strives to establish global 

standards, cost reduction measures, and international 

consistency to simplify airline processes pertaining 

to e-ticketing, boarding passes, IATA e-freight, and 

similar operations.

Implementation of the systems is underway and is 

expected to be completed by mid-2009. By implementing 

Sabre’s solutions, Vietnam Airlines will be able to better 

serve its expanding aviation market, enter into codesharing with other compliant international carriers, and 

modernize its operations.

Applying U.S. Technology Solutions in Vietnam’s Aviation Sector

Vietnam Airlines 

will use Sabre 

technology to 

meet IATA global 

e-commerce 

requirements. 

Linking U.S. Businesses to Fast-Growing Economies

Asia: 
16 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

Throughout the year, USTDA built 

on its record in the region of promoting public-private partnerships 

designed to address priority issues. 

Cleaner energy and environmental 

improvement projects were priorities for USTDA in East Asia. During 

the year, the Agency funded two 

projects to help reduce emissions 

of nitrogen oxide and other harmful pollutants in Shandong and 

Liaoning provinces. USTDA also 

hosted an orientation visit for the 

Ministry of Water Resources to 

promote the use of advanced water 

pollution monitoring systems in 

key waterways, supporting China’s 

efforts to more effectively control 

pollutants entering its lakes, river 

systems, and coastline. 

As in prior years, USTDA’s China 

portfolio exhibited a diverse combination of trade policy initiatives 

and infrastructure development 

projects. In the trade policy area, 

USTDA launched a series of technical workshops designed to assist 

China as it implements its AntiMonopoly Law, the enforcement of 

which has the potential to significantly impact global corporations 

doing business in China. USTDA 

also provided assistance to the 

Ministry of Finance during its negotiations to accede to the World 

Trade Organization’s Government 

Procurement Agreement (GPA). 

Once China becomes a party to the 

GPA, this market will offer tremendous potential for U.S. firms. Other 

successful USTDA trade policy initiatives in China continued during 

FY 2008 under ongoing programs 

and included activities to promote 

transparency and international best 

practices in standards and conformity assessment, effective intellectual property rights protection, 

and science-based approaches to 

agricultural biotechnology regulatory policies.

In the aviation sector, USTDA supported an expansion of the highly 

successful U.S.-China Aviation 

Cooperation Program (ACP). This 

model public-private partnership, 

brings together leaders from the 

U.S. government, private industry, 

and the General Administration of 

Civil Aviation of China (CAAC). 

The ACP continues to promote 

enhanced dialogue on aviation 

safety and security issues in the 

rapidly growing Chinese market and encourage liberalization 

of China’s airspace. As part of 

the program’s activities, USTDA 

hosted 35 Chinese aviation professionals for a three-month executive management training program 

for China’s next generation of 

aviation leaders. In addition, a 

East Asia: Building Partnerships to

USTDA achieved notable success in East Asia during 

FY 2008 by continuing to strike a balance among 

U.S. foreign policy and trade objectives and economic 

development priorities in China and Mongolia. 

USTDA-funded training grant 

awarded under the program’s 

framework played a critical role in 

the selection of U.S.-manufactured 

aircraft engines for China Eastern 

Airlines’ expanding fleet.

USTDA responded quickly after 

the May 2008 earthquakes in 

Sichuan Province to provide funding to strengthen the ability of the 

China Earthquake Administration 

and China Geological Survey to 

predict and monitor aftershocks 

and landslides. In addition, USTDA 

funded an orientation visit for officials from the CAAC to learn about 

U.S. technologies related to airport 

emergency and rescue services. As 

the region continues to suffer from 

these events, this assistance will 

enhance China’s capacity to minimize loss of life and damages.

In Mongolia, USTDA continued 

to seek out opportunities for U.S. 

commercial involvement in priority 

development projects. In coordination with the MCC, which signed a 

Compact with Mongolia in October 

2007, USTDA provided funding to 

examine a branch railroad to link 

a coal mine in the southeastern 

part of the country to the main rail 

line. The branch railroad will offer a 

more efficient avenue to transport 

coal resources from the mine to 

domestic and regional markets.

USTDA will continue to pursue 

projects in East Asia that are 

industry-driven, policy and 

trade-oriented, and highly 

supportive of U.S. trade and 

foreign policy priorities. 

Photo courtesy of SCS Energy
Annual Report 2008 17

A 120 megawatt (MW) coal mine methane power facility 

is producing electricity in China based on the results of a 

USTDA-funded study. Approximately $ 40 million in U.S. 

exports were used in the development of the facility. 

The project was designed to further Chinese efforts to 

reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve mine safety, 

and increase the capacity of the local power grid. USTDA 

supported the project with a grant to Shanxi Jincheng 

Anthracite Coal Mining Group (JMG), which funded a 

contract between JMG and SCS Engineers, Inc. of Long 

Beach, California. Under the contract, SCS Engineers 

defined equipment specifications for the project and facilitated the evaluation of bids by suppliers. 

The positive results of the USTDA-funded assistance 

and financing provided by the Asian Development Bank 

supported the award of a contract to Caterpillar Inc. of 

Peoria, Illinois, and its Chinese partner, Shanghai Electric. 

Caterpillar supplied U.S.-manufactured gas engines and 

other equipment and services associated with the project. 

Following the success of this project, Caterpillar was 

selected to provide an additional 31 methane gas-powered 

generator sets to produce an additional 54MW of power 

at the Cheng Zhuang and Mei Gan Shi coal mines in 

Shanxi Province. “These projects are major steps forward 

in China’s road to sustainable development and demonstrate the benefits of positive bilateral trade relations 

between the United States and China,” said Rich Lavin, 

Caterpillar group president with responsibility for Asia. 

Overall, these projects represent important contributions 

in the development of clean energy solutions to meet 

China’s growing power needs. Moreover, they reflect the 

increasing cooperation between U.S. and Chinese energy 

sector interests under the Asia-Pacific Partnership for 

Clean Development and Climate, a priority energy and 

environmental initiative. 

Promote Trade

Developing China’s Clean Energy Resources

Caterpillar engines/generators 

were used in the construction 

of the Jincheng coal mine 

methane power facility in China.
18 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

Currently, European countries 

rely on a single supplier for the 

vast majority of their natural gas, 

creating market distortions and 

political and economic vulnerabilities. To encourage diversification, 

USTDA funded investment analysis on liquefied natural gas (LNG) 

import terminals in Lithuania 

and Romania. The terminals will 

enable these countries to import 

natural gas from multiple sources, 

buttressing supplies and enhancing competition in natural gas 

markets worldwide.

The construction of LNG import 

terminals in Lithuania and Romania 

will also provide Caspian region 

natural gas producers with an 

additional export route. Already, 

USTDA has funded a feasibility study on the construction 

of oil and gas pipelines to bring 

Central Asian resources across 

the Caspian Sea to Europe through 

Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey. 

To reinforce Azerbaijan’s role as 

an energy transit country, the 

Agency provided training to Azeri 

government officials in how to 

establish international natural gas 

transit agreements.

To further the Agency’s focus on 

energy resources in the region, 

USTDA sponsored a training 

program for Turkmen oil and gas 

sector officials to familiarize them 

with international best practices 

in the licensing of onshore and 

offshore hydrocarbon resources. 

The training is expected to result 

in production sharing agreements 

with U.S. oil and gas companies, 

whose experience and expertise 

will facilitate the development of 

new resources. USTDA also funded 

a feasibility study that will examine 

the potential to produce energy 

from coal bed and coal mine methane in Georgia, thereby helping 

that country reduce its dependence 

on natural gas imports and produce clean energy.

Beyond energy security, USTDA 

continued to promote regional integration in South and Central Asia 

via key infrastructure initiatives in 

the electric power, telecommunications, and transportation sectors. 

Following-up on a USTDA-funded 

regional power conference held two 

years ago, the Agency financed a 

program to support a new coalfired power plant in Tajikistan. The 

plant would underpin the development of an energy corridor, bringing 

surplus electricity from Central Asia 

to meet shortages in Afghanistan 

and Pakistan. Progress is also being 

made in establishing a regional fiber 

optic line, which was agreed upon 

Europe and Eurasia: 

Fostering energy security by supporting new energy 

resource development and new transport options 

was USTDA’s focus in Europe and Eurasia during 

FY 2008. 

at the regional telecommunications policy conference that USTDA 

funded last year. 

Civil aviation was another focal 

point for USTDA in Europe and 

Eurasia. In Latvia, USTDA funded a 

study on ways to improve air traffic 

safety while increasing the efficient 

use of Latvian airspace. The Agency 

also invited Polish and Ukrainian 

aviation officials to the United 

States to showcase leading U.S. 

technologies as these countries 

prepare to upgrade their airports 

in advance of the 2012 European 

Football Championships. 

In the area of ICT, USTDA 

continued to promote emergency 

management projects through 

grants for the evaluation of an 

integrated municipal emergency 

management system in Gdansk, 

Poland, and a “next generation 

network” emergency management 

system in Romania. Additionally, 

USTDA invited officials from 

Turkmenistan and Turkey to visit 

the United States and explore new 

opportunities for collaboration with 

ICT firms.

Overall, the Agency continued 

to apply its targeted and resultsoriented program of assistance 

in ways that advance U.S. foreign 

policy priorities in Europe and 

Eurasia, while also supporting 

sustainable development objectives 

and identifying commercial 

opportunities for U.S. firms. 
Annual Report 2008 19

The largest privately owned geothermal facility in Turkey is 

under construction based on the results of USTDA-funded 

investment analysis. The 47.5 megawatt plant is being 

developed in the Aydin-Germencik geothermal field by the 

Gurmat Energy Investment and Trade Company, a private 

Turkish company.

Over $ 23 million in U.S. exports of goods and services 

from eight states have been utilized during construction. 

This amount includes approximately $ 5 million in engineering and consulting service exports that were financed 

by the Export-Import Bank of the United States with a 

15-year loan guarantee. 

According to Henry Veizades of Veizades & Associates, 

which has provided design work and engineering services associated with the geothermal project, “USTDA’s 

sponsorship was critical and enabled the project to mature 

quickly.” The Agency’s role in moving the project forward was confirmed by Gurmat’s General Manager Ali 

Karaduman, who stated that the USTDA-funded study 

provided the detailed project assessment that was critical 

to project definition and financing. 

As the plant becomes operational at the end of 2008, 

it will provide Turkey with an important renewable 

energy source to further the country’s economic growth. 

Importantly, in addition to the jobs supported in the 

United States, up to 250 local jobs are associated with 

the construction and erection works and 37 jobs will be 

created to operate the plant. Moreover, the project has 

provided additional job opportunities for local people 

involved in improving the infrastructure surrounding the 

Germencik field. 

Expanding Opportunities for Growth

Powering Turkey’s Development With Renewable Energy

U.S. firms from eight states have made important contributions 

in the development of this geothermal power plant in Turkey. 
20 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

USTDA Eligibility Criteria

Proposals submitted to USTDA for funding consideration are evaluated primarily on the following criteria:

•	 Priority of the projects to the sponsors and the 

countries where they are located and the likelihood 

that they will receive implementation financing or, in 

the case of USTDA’s trade capacity-building work, 

advance trade liberalization efforts; and

•	 Whether they offer mutual economic benefit for the 

host country and the United States, including opportunities for commercial cooperation with U.S. firms, 

thereby supporting U.S. jobs.

Due to the high demand for USTDA funding, not all 

proposals that meet USTDA funding criteria can be 

supported. USTDA’s program is dependent on the 

commitment of the host country to trade reform or 

infrastructure development, U.S. policy interests, and 

available funding.

Each year, USTDA supports activities aimed at furthering countries’ economic development by providing 

foreign project sponsors with access to U.S. private 

sector technologies, expertise, and best practices. 

USTDA pursues U.S. trade and development priorities by focusing on four major areas: promoting energy 

security and environmental best practices; ensuring 

safe and secure trade; fostering trade capacity and 

favorable regulatory frameworks; and responding to 

emerging world events..

The USTDA Program

USTDA is a foreign assistance agency that delivers 

its program commitments through overseas grants to 

project sponsors who, in turn, contract with U.S. firms. 

The projects supported by USTDA activities represent strong and measurable development priorities in 

host countries and offer opportunities for commercial 

participation by U.S. firms. Public and private sector 

project sponsors in developing and middle-income 

countries request USTDA support to assist them in 

implementing their development priorities.

USTDA’s program is designed to help countries 

establish a favorable trading environment and a modern infrastructure that promotes sustainable economic development. To this end, the Agency funds 

overseas project sponsor access to U.S. private sector 

expertise in the areas of: 1) trade capacity-building 

and sector development; and 2) project definition and 

investment analysis. 

Program Activities

Trade Capacity-Building and Sector Development

•	 Sector Development Technical Assistance: USTDA 

provides technical assistance to facilitate the development of sector strategies, industry standards, 

and legal and regulatory frameworks. This assistance helps to create a favorable business and 

trade environment. 

•	 Trade Agreement Support: USTDA works closely 

with the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, 

private industry and others to deliver trade capacity-building technical assistance. This assistance is 

normally associated with the negotiation and implementation of trade agreements and compliance with 

important international market access requirements. 

Areas of assistance may include customs processing 

and valuation, intellectual property rights (IPR), government procurement, technical barriers to trade, 

and trade in services. 

•	 Training: USTDA provides training for foreign 

decision-makers in economic sectors where there 

are opportunities for the sale of U.S. equipment 

and services. The training is normally focused on 

technology or regulatory issues and is designed to 

give project sponsors a better understanding of U.S. 

experience and capabilities. Training is conducted in 

the United States and/or in the host country. 

•	 Trade and Industry Advisors: Foreign government 

entities may obtain USTDA grants for trade and 

industry advisors. These advisors are typically 

located in ministries or municipalities where they 

can help with capacity-building activities relevant to 

trade regulations, standards, or the import of technology and additional expertise.

strategic focus
Annual Report 2008 21

Project Definition and Investment Analysis

•	 Project Definitional Missions and Desk Studies:

One of the earliest stages of project planning is the 

development of the scope of an activity that must 

be addressed before an investment decision can 

be made. USTDA helps to ensure that a project is 

appropriately conceived by contracting with technical specialists to perform this due diligence. Using 

U.S. private sector resources and expertise, these 

activities provide preliminary assessments of the 

economic viability of proposed projects and determine whether they meet USTDA’s funding criteria.

•	 Early Investment Analysis and Sector Development:

USTDA provides grants for overseas infrastructure 

project planning assistance, such as technical assistance and feasibility studies. These grants assist in 

the development of market-oriented reforms undertaken by overseas governments and the evaluation 

of the technical, financial, environmental, legal, and 

other critical aspects of infrastructure development 

projects that are of interest to potential lenders and 

investors. Further, USTDA supports procurement 

assistance to overseas partners as they undertake 

fair and open competitive bidding on international 

tenders for infrastructure development projects. 

Host country project sponsors select the U.S. companies, normally through open competitions that 

perform USTDA-funded activities.

•	 Orientation Visits: Orientation visits bring foreign 

project sponsors to the United States to observe the 

design, manufacture, demonstration, and operation 

of U.S. products and services that can potentially 

help them achieve their development goals. USTDA 

uses U.S. firms to assist in the preparation and management of these customized visits.

•	 Workshops and Conferences: USTDA organizes workshops, conferences, and technical symposia worldwide. These events are sector or project-oriented 

and are aimed at connecting overseas project sponsors with U.S. firms and entities that supply project 

finance, technology, and industry expertise that may 

be useful in project implementation. 

Building Alliances with Other Agencies

As a foreign assistance agency that delivers commercially-based results for trade and development initiatives, USTDA works in coordination with numerous 

U.S. government agencies. In addition, USTDA’s interagency cooperation continues in the reconstruction of 

Afghanistan and Iraq. USTDA also participates in the 

Trade Policy Coordinating Committee process, working closely with the USTR in delivering trade capacity-building assistance in connection with ongoing 

free trade and World Trade Organization negotiations 

and agreements. 

•	 Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC): Working 

closely with MCC, USTDA has focused its program 

on developing complementary programs in Compact 

countries to ensure that development gains are 

broad-based and sustainable. In addition, USTDA 

has highlighted procurement opportunities under 

MCC funding to U.S. industry. 

•	 Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR):

USTDA coordinates with USTR on trade capacitybuilding activities designed to support bilateral and 

multilateral negotiations, such as the U.S.-Colombia 

Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA) and Trade and 

Investment Framework Agreement discussions 

around the world. USTDA also coordinates with 

USTR on activities that support the implementation 

of the U.S.–Dominican Republic-Central America 

Free Trade Agreement (FTA), the U.S.–Chile FTA, 

the U.S.–Morocco FTA, the U.S.–Jordan FTA, 

the U.S.–Peru TPA, and the African Growth and 

Opportunity Act. 

CA

WA

WI

CT

AL GA

IL

IA

LA

MI

MN

MO

NV OH

OK

PA

TN

TX

FL

VA 

DE

MD

DC

NJ

NY 

MA 

States visited by USTDA-sponsored delegations in FY 2008. 
22 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

•	 Department of State: USTDA coordinates with the 

Department of State and U.S. embassies and consulates around the world. In particular, USTDA 

continues to coordinate its reconstruction efforts in 

Afghanistan and Iraq. 

•	 U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID):

USTDA and USAID maintain a mutually beneficial 

relationship. USAID is an important overseas source 

for USTDA project leads and ideas, while many 

USTDA activities complement and enhance the 

success of USAID investments. 

•	 Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im 

Bank): USTDA researchers have found that a 

significant amount of U.S. exports associated with 

USTDA-funded activities are financed by Ex-Im 

Bank loans and guarantees. USTDA reports are 

designed to facilitate financing by Ex-Im Bank and 

other financial entities accessible to foreign project 

sponsors interested in purchasing equipment in the 

United States. 

•	 Department of Commerce: Combining USTDA activities with the Department of Commerce’s local contacts and expertise through the U.S. Commercial 

Service provides U.S. companies with an enhanced 

level of service.

•	 Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC):

USTDA activities at the front end of potential 

projects help to create a favorable investment 

climate for U.S. companies and facilitate access 

to OPIC financing and insurance programs.

•	 Department of Transportation (DOT): USTDA 

draws upon private sector resources and DOT 

technical expertise, including the Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA) in the area of aviation safety. 

USTDA and the FAA serve as co-chairs of the 

inter-agency Committee on International Aviation 

Safety and Security.

•	 Department of Homeland Security (DHS): Joint 

activities with DHS include programs on customs 

and IPR training, and transportation and supply 

chain security.

•	 Department of the Treasury: USTDA and the 

Department of the Treasury engage in cooperative 

efforts on economic and trade issues to encourage 

sound economic development and greater transparency in developing markets.

Performance and 

Development Measurement

USTDA has taken several steps to ensure that its 

program remains results-oriented and successful in 

delivering commercial foreign assistance. In particular, the Agency has taken on an increasingly visible 

role in providing trade capacity-building assistance 

around the world. Moreover, the adoption of the 

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) performance 

measures for developmental impact and closer interagency coordination are additional efforts taken by the 

Agency to promote U.S. foreign policy goals. These 

results benefit developing countries and enhance 

U.S. national security by fostering stronger and more 

stable countries and regions. Through the successful 

implementation of the PART goals, USTDA received 

an “effective” rating for its overall program.

ustda strategic focus

USTDA awarded three grants during FY 2008 to complement 

El Salvador’s Compact with the MCC on the development of the 

Northern Zone. Here, Director Walther reviews plans to develop 

commercial zones in the Northern Zone’s largest municipality, 

Chalatenango, which will utilize MCC-financed infrastructure.
Annual Report 2008 23

Internet — www.ustda.gov

USTDA’s website provides comprehensive information 

on its program, current business opportunities, 

upcoming events, completed reports, Agency news, 

and recent publications.

Requests for Proposals (RFP)

USTDA posts RFP announcements about current 

business opportunities with the Agency and its 

overseas grant recipients on the Federal Business 

Opportunities (FBO) website at www.fbo.gov. Links to 

the FBO postings are available on USTDA’s website 

at www.ustda.gov. RFP packages may be requested 

electronically via USTDA’s website. 

On-Line Consultant Database

Many USTDA activities are reserved exclusively for 

small businesses. Small U.S. businesses interested 

in being considered for contracting opportunities 

with USTDA can register with the Agency’s On-line 

Consultant Database on the Agency’s website. 

Businesses should also register with the U.S. 

Government’s Central Contractor Registration 

website at www.ccr.gov.

Library

The library maintains final reports of USTDA activities and can provide details on purchasing copies 

of completed studies, which may also be available 

through the National Technical Information Services 

at www.ntis.gov. Requests for library reports can be 

made by sending an e-mail to library@ustda.gov.

Business Center

USTDA hosts briefings for U.S. firms on overseas 

procurement opportunities in its Business Center, 

adjacent to the USTDA library.

Publications

The Agency has a printed quarterly newsletter and 

a biweekly eNewsletter to provide information about 

USTDA activities and events. A free subscription to the 

eNewsletter is available on USTDA’s website. Requests 

for copies of printed publications can also be made via 

the Agency’s website.

Questions about USTDA

General inquiries about USTDA’s program can be 

made by calling (703) 875-4357, sending a fax to 

(703) 875-4009 or an e-mail to info@ustda.gov, or 

completing the Contact Form on the Agency’s website.

To contact USTDA’s program staff, send an e-mail to 

your region of interest: 

•	 East Asia: East_Asia@ustda.gov

•	 Europe and Eurasia: Europe_Eurasia@ustda.gov

•	 Latin America and the Caribbean: LAC@ustda.gov

•	 Middle East and North Africa: MENA@ustda.gov

•	 South and Southeast Asia: 

South_Southeast_Asia@ustda.gov

•	 Sub-Saharan Africa: Africa@ustda.gov

client resources

•	 Developmental Impact: Through PART, USTDA 

adopted a series of measurement criteria focused 

on: 1) infrastructure improvements; 2) the adoption 

of market-oriented reform; 3) human capacity-building; and 4) the transfer of advanced technology or 

increased productivity. Implemented USTDA-funded 

projects are evaluated based on results in all 

four categories.

•	 The Hit Rate: The hit rate consists of the proportion 

of USTDA activities that produce U.S. exports. 

Currently, USTDA’s hit rate is 35 percent, meaning 

that 35 percent of USTDA activities resulted in 

U.S. exports.

•	 The Export Multiplier Ratio: The export multiplier 

ratio measures U.S. exports associated with foreign 

projects that USTDA has assisted relative to the 

amount invested in USTDA activities. Currently, 

USTDA’s export multiplier is over 35, meaning that 

the Agency’s projects have resulted in U.S. companies exporting more than 35 dollars in goods and 

services for every 1 dollar of USTDA funds invested. 

USTDA has taken several steps to ensure that its program remains results-oriented and 

successful in delivering commercial foreign assistance. In particular, the Agency has taken on 

an increasingly visible role in providing trade capacity-building assistance around the world. 
24 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

summary of FY 2008 Program Activities

USTDA ACTIVITIES

By Type and Number of Activities

2006 2007 2008

DM/Desk Studies 99 36.9% 95 39.4% 110 42.3%

Feasibility Studies 40 14.9% 43 17.8% 41 15.8%

Orientation Visits 19 7.1% 31 12.9% 24 9.2%

Technical Assistance 91 34.0% 63 27.8% 67 25.8%

Trade-Related Training 7 2.6% 3 1.2% 3 1.1%

Conferences 12 4.5% 0 0.0% 13 5.0%

Other 0 0.0% 1 0.8% 2 0.8%

Totals 268 100% 236 100% 260 100%

USTDA ACTIVITIES

By Value of Obligations

2006 2007 2008

DM/Desk Studies $ 1,991,956 4.1% $ 1,846,201 4.0% $ 3,098,054 6.6%

Feasibility Studies $ 14,686,222 30.4% $ 18,843,510 41.1% $ 18,505,719 39.8%

Orientation Visits $ 2,225,761 4.6% $ 5,165,388 11.3% $ 3,754,900 8.1%

Technical Assistance $ 25,198,438 52.2% $ 18,424,377 40.2% $ 17,148,527 36.9%

Trade-Related Training $ 2,162,508 4.5% $ 1,533,100 3.3% $ 1,620,445 3.5%

Conferences $ 2,026,598 4.2% $ 0 0.0% $ 2,319,743 5.0%

Other $ 0 0.0% $ 34,508 0.1% $ 30,527 0.1%

Totals $ 56,954,664 100% $ 45,847,084 100% $ 46,477,915 100%

FY 2008 USTDA ACTIVITIES BY REGION

By Number of Activities

# of Activities Percentage

East Asia 28 10.8%

Europe and Eurasia 51 19.6%

Latin America and the Caribbean 54 20.8%

Middle East and North Africa 35 13.5%

South and Southeast Asia 47 18.1%

Sub-Saharan Africa 42 16.1%

Multi-Regional 3 1.1%

TOTALS 260 100%

* Table reflects USTDA regional reorganization implemented on October 1, 2007

FY 2008 USTDA ACTIVITIES BY REGION

By Funding Levels

Total Percentage

East Asia $ 6,059,847 13.0%

Europe and Eurasia $ 9,079,373 19.5%

Latin America and the Caribbean $ 9,319,113 20.1%

Middle East and North Africa $ 4,974,455 10.7%

South and Southeast Asia $ 8,589,331 18.5%

Sub-Saharan Africa $ 8,150,385 17.5%

Multi-Regional $ 305,411 0.7%

Total $ 46,477,915 100%

* Table reflects USTDA regional reorganization implemented on October 1, 2007

FY 2008 USTDA PROGRAM FUNDS

By Region

Core Budget *Additional Funds Total Funds

East Asia $ 6,059,847 $ 6,059,847

Europe and Eurasia $ 3,367,080 $ 5,712,293 $ 9,079,373

Latin America and the Caribbean $ 9,319,113 $ 9,319,113

Middle East and North Africa $ 4,974,455 $ 4,974,455

South and Southeast Asia $ 8,589,331 $ 8,589,331

Sub-Saharan Africa $ 8,150,385 $ 8,150,385

Multi-Regional $ 305,411 $ 305,411

Total $ 40,765,622 $ 5,712,293 $ 46,477,915

* USTDA receives transfers from other agencies to advance particular programs of priority importance. 

FY 2008 Basic Statistics

Program Budget: $ 46.48 million

# of Activities*

# of Projects**

# of Countries

198

260

66

* In some cases, more than one USTDA activity during the covered fiscal year supported the same project.

** The majority of USTDA activities involve projects that have not received USTDA support in prior fiscal years.

USTDA ACTIVITIES BY ECONOMIC SECTOR

By Number of Activities

2006 2007 2008

Agribusiness 7 2.6% 7 2.9% 8 3.1%

Energy & Power 50 18.6% 68 28.2% 49 18.8%

Human Resources 6 2.2% 1 0.4% 3 1.2%

Manufacturing 10 3.7% 2 0.8% 6 2.3%

Mining & Natural Resources 19 7.0% 2 0.8% 15 5.8%

Multi-Sector & Other 34 12.6% 28 11.6% 39 15.0%

Services 38 14.1% 22 9.1% 27 10.4%

Telecommunications 21 7.8% 30 12.4% 32 12.3%

Transportation 55 20.5% 51 21.2% 62 23.8%

Water & Environment 28 10.4% 30 12.4% 19 7.3%

Totals 268 100% 241 100% 260 100%

USTDA ACTIVITIES BY ECONOMIC SECTOR

By Value of Obligations

2006 2007 2008

Agribusiness $ 1,088,512 2.2% $ 1,145,211 2.5% $ 991,010 2.1%

Energy & Power $ 11,513,223 23.8% $ 13,890,947 30.3% $ 10,948,326 23.5%

Human Resources $ 228,405 0.4% $ 153,878 0.3% $ 752,387 1.6%

Manufacturing $ 2,639,830 5.5% $ 320,320 0.7% $ 1,704,019 3.7%

Mining & Natural Resources $ 2,824,187 5.8% $ 74,992 0.2% $ 2,307,483 5.0%

Multi-Sector & Other $ 2,608,517 5.4% $ 2,833,933 6.2% $ 3,567,543 7.7%

Services $ 7,350,139 15.2% $ 4,426,520 9.6% $ 3,327,051 7.2%

Telecommunications $ 3,308,777 6.8% $ 6,519,226 14.2% $ 6,050,674 13.0%

Transportation $ 11,764,814 24.3% $ 10,064,025 22.0% $ 12,449,410 26.8%

Water & Environment $ 4,965,079 10.2% $ 6,418,032 14.0% $ 4,380,012 9.4%

Totals $ 48,291,483 100% $ 45,847,084 100% $ 46,477,915 100%
Annual Report 2008 25

East Asia

China USTDA Projects Coordinator Technical Assistance US Foreign Commercial Service Washington DC 168,164

China Intellectual Property Rights Training Program Technical Assistance Mark Goins San Francisco CA 2,958

China Chongqing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Desk Study Transportation & Economic Research Associates, Inc. Sterling VA 2,950

China Hospital Accreditation Desk Study World Development Group Bethesda MD 3,000

China GE Aircraft Engine Procurement Training General Electric Company Cincinnati OH 560,000

China GE Aircraft Engine Procurement Desk Study Montgomery Consulting Group, Inc. Winter Park FL 1,000

China MOFCOM E-Government Capacity Program Orientation Visit Business Council for International Understanding New York NY 10,050

China Water Monitoring Information Technology (IT) Orientation Visit Global Marketing & Communications Boston MA 41,621

China Government Procurement Technical Cooperation Initiative Technical Assistance American Chamber of Commerce in China Fund Wilmington DE 128,000

China Airport Emergency Management Orientation Visit Millennium Science and Engineering, Inc. Chantilly VA 213,716

China Emissions Reduction Projects Definitional Mission Enviromation Incorporated Spotsylvania VA 39,861

China Shandong Flue Gas Denitrification Feasibility Study RTI International Research Triangle Park NC 600,000

China Clean Coal/Clean Energy Technology Projects Definitional Mission U.S. Power Consult Maywood NJ 48,000

China Healthcare IT Orientation Visit Business Council for International Understanding New York NY 261,457

China Power Plant Emissions Monitoring and Control Orientation Visit Global Marketing and Communications Arlington MA 205,667

China Legal Advisory Assistance Anti-Monopoly Law Technical Assistance U.S. Chamber of Commerce Washington DC 327,400

China Legal Advisory Assistance Anti-Monopoly Law Technical Assistance U.S. Department of Commerce Washington DC 172,600

China Rural ICT Network Pilot Desk Study Martin Morell New York NY 4,700

China Rural ICT Network Pilot Feasibility Study MediaG3, Inc. San Jose CA 593,398

China U.S.-China Aviation Cooperation Program Phase IV Desk Study Montgomery Consulting Group, Inc. Maitland FL 8,000

China U.S.-China Aviation Cooperation Program Phase IV Technical Assistance American Chamber of Commerce in China Fund Wilmington DE 842,677

China U.S.-China Aviation Cooperation Program Phase IV Technical Assistance Federal Aviation Administration Washington DC 183,208

China Shenyang Small Boiler Emissions Reduction Pilot Feasibility Study Fuel Tech, Inc. Warrenville IL 662,000

China Cold Chain System Projects Definitional Mission SPI USA, Inc. Washington DC 48,853

China 2009 U.S.-China Aviation Summit Technical Symposium American Association of Airport Executives Alexandria VA 290,691

China Earthquake Aftershock Prediction and Landslide Monitoring Technical Assistance U.S. Geological Survey Reston VA 198,330

Mongolia Railway Development Feasibility Study Transportation & Economic Research Associates, Inc. Sterling VA 391,549

Regional East Asia Project Analyst Technical Assistance Michael L. Davies Arlington VA 49,997

Total for East Asia $ 6,059,847

Europe and Eurasia

Afghanistan Housing and Mortgage Program Desk Study McKittrick & Associates, Inc. Oakton VA 7,900

Afghanistan Housing and Mortgage Program Phase I Feasibility Study International Home Finance and Development, LLC Aurora CO 195,000

Azerbaijan SSPF Pension Program Development Technical Assistance Selection in progress 600,000

Azerbaijan Gas Transit Definitional Mission Appropriate Energy Management, Inc. West Jefferson OH 88,746

Azerbaijan SOCAR Environmental Management Definitional Mission Millennium Science & Engineering, Inc. Chantilly VA 39,937

Bosnia & Herzegovina Broadband Metropolitan Network Technical Assistance Pythia International Inc. Halifax VA 183,281

Bulgaria Information and Communications Technology Definitional Mission Pythia International Inc. Halifax VA 31,450

Bulgaria Carbon Sequestration Definitional Mission Constant Group, LLC Maywood NJ 45,000

Czech Republic Synthesia Remediation Desk Study RKR Enterprises Rego Park NY 3,000

Georgia Coal Projects Definitional Mission MT Energy Associates Vienna VA 37,000

Georgia Coal Bed Methane/Coal Mine Methane (CBM/CMM) Feasibility Study Advanced Resources International, Inc. Fairfax VA 540,000

Georgia American Hospital in Tbilisi Feasibility Study Medeq International, LLC Oakland Gardens NY 428,000

Latvia Air Traffic Management System—Advanced Modernization Program Feasibility Study Selection in progress 690,170

Lithuania Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Import Terminal Feasibility Study Science Applications International Corp. McLean VA 826,501

Poland Warsaw and Gdansk Integrated Municipal Emergency Management System Feasibility Study Winbourne & Costas, Inc. Washington DC 171,167

Romania Transelectrica Substation Improvement—Final Deliverable Review Desk Study Brooks Howell and Co, LLC Pungoteague VA 3,000

Romania Telecommunications Commercialization Desk Study Pythia International Inc. Fairfax VA 3,000

Romania National Emergency Management System Desk Study James T. Reilly Red Bank NJ 1,500

Romania National Emergency Management System—Review of Proposed Changes Desk Study Martin Morell New York NY 4,700

Romania Integrated Network for Education and Technologies Desk Study Global Resources, Inc. Irvine CA 5,000

Romania Next Generation Network Infrastructure for Emergency Management Feasibility Study Telcordia Technologies, Inc. Piscataway NJ 700,000

Romania LNG Import Terminal Feasibility Study Selection in progress 1,061,975

Russia M-Ring Project Desk Study Global Resources, Inc. Irvine CA 7,000

Russia Internet Portal for Government—Documentation Review Desk Study Global Resources, Inc. Irvine CA 3,000

Serbia Grant Translation Technical Assistance Transperfect Translations International, Inc. New York NY 36,658

Tajikistan Electric Power Sector Definitional Mission Moseley Horizon, Inc. Washington DC 45,000

Tajikistan Electric Power Sector Feasibility Study Selection in progress 875,378

Tajikistan Electric Power Sector Technical Assistance U.S. Department of State Washington DC 4,000

Tajikistan Telecommunications Sector Definitional Mission Washington Strategic Advisors, LLC Washington DC 44,956

Turkey Information and Communications Technology Orientation Visit Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. Washington DC 200,400

Turkmenistan Oil and Gas Training Training Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. Washington DC 785,445

Turkmenistan Modernization of the Petrochemical Sector Definitional Mission Intratech, Inc. McLean VA 34,825

Turkmenistan Modernization of the Petrochemical Sector Technical Assistance RussTech Language Services, Inc Tallahassee FL 3,000

Turkmenistan Information and Communications Technology Orientation Visit MFM Group, Inc. Miami FL 246,778

Uzbekistan Water Management, Irrigation and Land Reclamation Desk Study Eurasia Environmental Associates, LLC Westfield NJ 1,000

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia USTDA Program Development Technical Assistance USTDA Program Staff Washington DC 102,798

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Trans Caspian Pipelines—Contractor Selection Technical Assistance Intratech, Inc. McLean VA 51,136

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Emergency Management and Emergency Response Technologies Conference Technical Symposium Business Council for International Understanding New York NY 108,777

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Romania and Lithuania LNG/LPG Import Terminal Definitional Mission RKR Enterprises Rego Park NY 44,250

FY 2008 activities listed by region

Country Title Activity U.S. Firm City State Funds Obligated
26 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia E112 Desk Study Desk Study James T. Reilly Red Bank NJ 3,000

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Expanding Healthcare Facilities Definitional Mission OMMA Healthcare, LLC Rollinsville CO 59,930

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Central and South Asia Regional Conference Desk Study Martin Morell New York NY 3,000

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Latvia and Croatia Aviation Sector Definitional Mission Montgomery Consulting Group Maitland FL 39,800

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Black Sea LNG project Definitional Mission Jensen Associates Weston MA 69,208

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Waste Water Treatment Definitional Mission Millennium Science & Engineering, Inc. Chantilly VA 69,997

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Waste Water Treatment Definitional Mission U.S. Department of State Washington DC 12,514

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Central and South Asia Regional Aviation Forum Technical Symposium American Association of Airport Executives Alexandria VA 114,633

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Central and South Asia Regional Aviation Forum—Travel Technical Assistance U.S. Department of State Washington DC 107,500

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Euro 2012 Airports Orientation Visit The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Washington DC 239,071

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Project Analyst Technical Assistance Karl M. Von Brauchitsch Washington DC 49,996

Reg’l Europe/Eurasia Project Analyst Technical Assistance Michael DeRenzo Arlington VA 49,996

Total for Europe and Eurasia $ 9,079,373

Latin America and the Caribbean

Brazil Administrative Data Center in the State of Minas Gerais Definitional Mission Hellerstein and Associates Washington DC 29,998

Brazil Aviation Sector Definitional Mission QED Airport & Aviation Consultants Amelia Island FL 44,967

Brazil PROAERO Small Airports Network Program Expansion Plan Technical Assistance Selection in progress 241,000

Brazil Environmental Sector Opportunities Definitional Mission AJGB International Incorporated Bellevue WA 54,581

Brazil Surface Transportation Definitional Mission Hernan E. Pena, Jr. Charleston SC 51,475

Brazil Information and Communications Technology Definitional Mission Hellerstein and Associates Washington DC 34,995

Brazil Acre Statewide Broadband Project Feasibility Study Selection in progress 573,853

Brazil Oil and Gas Sector Opportunities Definitional Mission Merklein & Associates, Inc. Washington DC 35,000

Brazil Marginal Oil Fields Regulatory Officials Orientation Visit Meridian International Center Washington DC 42,984

Brazil State of Minas Gerais Datacenter Project Feasibility Study Selection in progress 425,000

Chile Ports ITS Desk Study TERA International Group, Inc. Sterling VA 3,000

Chile Ventanas Smelter Heat Recovery System Desk Study Don Beesley Erie CO 3,000

Chile Ventanas Smelter Heat Recovery System Feasibility Study Selection in progress 422,000

Chile Geothermal Power Orientation Visit Millennium Science & Engineering, Inc. Chantilly VA 16,065

Chile Aerospace Systems, Facilities, and Safety and Security Improvements Definitional Mission Travis Design Associates, Inc. Lexington SC 34,987

Chile Balmaceda Airport Modernization Master Plan Feasibility Study Selection in progress 351,200

Chile Development of Digital Trunking Technology Desk Study Martin Morell New York NY 7,650

Chile Renewable Energy Orientation Visit Millennium Science and Engineering, Inc. Chantilly VA 147,956

Chile Air Navigation Technologies Technical Assistance Selection in progress 980,000

Colombia Magdalena River Coal Transport Desk Study James McCarville Pittsburgh PA 6,000

Colombia Ports Sector Safety and Security Definitional Mission Leonard Sugin C. E. New York NY 65,000

Colombia Mobile and Handheld Technologies Orientation Visit Meridian International Center Washington DC 112,970

Colombia Manizales and Medellin Transportation Projects Definitional Mission Hernan E. Pena, Jr. Charleston SC 64,055

El Salvador Master Plan and Infrastructure Opportunities Definitional Mission CORE International Washington DC 50,000

El Salvador Northern Zone Development and Investment Plan Technical Assistance Alwang, Elias & Partners, LLC Blacksburg VA 345,000

El Salvador Northern Zone Development and Investment Plan—Travel Technical Assistance World Travel Service Arlington VA 1,328

El Salvador Northern Zone Trade Facilitation Portal Technical Assistance Selection in progress 372,800

El Salvador Northern Zone Trade Facilitation Portal—Travel Technical Assistance World Travel Service Arlington VA 1,047

El Salvador Chalatenango Municipal Infrastructure and Commercial Zone Development Technical Assistance ARD, Inc. Burlington VT 500,000

Haiti Jatropha Biodiesel Development Project—Phase I Feasibility Study Selection in progress 292,010

Honduras Housing Market Securitization Program Desk Study Domus A.D., LLC New York NY 7,000

Jamaica Air Jamaica Privatization Desk Study Travis Design Associates, Inc. Lexington SC 3,000

Jamaica Air Jamaica Privatization—Corporate and Regulatory Support Technical Assistance Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP New York NY 480,000

Jamaica Air Jamaica Privatization—Support and Performance Improvement Consultancy Technical Assistance Simat, Helliesen & Eichner Inc. Cambridge MA 340,180

Jamaica Waste-to-Energy Orientation Visit Global Marketing and Communications Arlington MA 82,808

Mexico Agricultural and Rural Bank Officer Training Desk Study The Peoples Group Arlington VA 1,000

Mexico CFE Environmental Management Technical Assistance Selection in progress 640,500

Mexico CFE Environmental Remediation Technical Assistance Selection in progress 328,050

Mexico Puerto Penasco Water Desalination Facility Feasibility Study W.L. Bouchard & Associates, Inc. Scottsdale AZ 369,325

Mexico Puebla International Airport Expansion Feasibility Study Selection in progress 245,580

Mexico Queretaro International Airport Expansion Feasibility Study Selection in progress 263,900

Mexico San Luis Potosi International Airport Runway Expansion and Modernization Feasibility Study Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc. Tampa FL 243,300

Mexico Ensenada International Airport Development Desk Study Travis Design Associates, Inc. Lexington SC 7,500

Panama Transportation Sector Projects Desk Study Travis Design Associates, Inc. Lexington SC 3,000

Peru Digital Television and Mobile Communications Standards Orientation Visit Technical Resources International, Inc. Bethesda MD 143,401

Peru Express Shipments Immediate Release Guidelines APEC Demonstration Project Desk Study Management Options, Inc. Washington DC 7,500

Trinidad & Tobago Regional Air Cargo and Aircraft Maintenance Hub Feasibility Study Simat, Helliesen & Eichner Inc. Cambridge MA 390,572

Regional LAC CARICOM Customs Modernization Initiative Definitional Mission Management Options, Inc. Washington DC 39,940

Regional LAC Project Analyst Technical Assistance Heather Lanigan Washington DC 49,993

Regional LAC Caribbean Energy Sector Development Definitional Mission GreenMax Capital Advisors Brooklyn NY 50,000

Regional LAC Mining Sector Opportunities Definitional Mission Densert Energy, Inc. Oceanside CA 64,968

Regional LAC Waste-to-Energy in Brazil, Jamaica and Panama Definitional Mission Constant Group, LLC Maywood NJ 60,250

Regional LAC DR-CAFTA Telecommunications Regulatory Workshop Technical Symposium Technical Resources International, Inc. Bethesda MD 147,563

Regional LAC Aerodrome Certification Program Definitional Mission QED Airport & Aviation Consultants Amelia Island FL 39,863

Total for Latin America and the Caribbean $ 9,319,113 

Country Title Activity U.S. Firm City State Funds Obligated

FY 2008 Activities listed by region
Annual Report 2008 27

Middle East and North Africa

Algeria Photovoltaic Water Pumping and Rural Electrification—Review of Work Desk Study Enviromation Incorporated Spotsylvania VA 3,000

Algeria Port of Algiers Container Terminal Desk Study Planning Systems International Seattle WA 2,500

Egypt Cairo-Aswan Vessel Traffic Management—Review of Work Desk Study Leonard Sugin C. E. New York NY 3,000

Egypt Information and Communications Technology Definitional Mission Global Resources, Inc. Irvine CA 62,119

Egypt Alexandria Styrene Plant Feasibility Study Selection in progress 434,268

Egypt Integrated Sugarcane and Ethanol Plant in Kalabasha Valley Feasibility Study Agland Investment Services Larkspur CA 172,754

Egypt Gas-to-Liquids Project in El Hamra Desk Study Intratech, Inc. McLean VA 7,000

Egypt Ganoub el Wadi Geologic Setting Desk Study MT Energy Associates Vienna VA 5,000

Egypt ICT Modernization of Egypt Air Maintenance and Engineering Technical Assistance Selection in progress 443,474

Egypt Cold Chain System Desk Study Intratech, Inc. McLean VA 3,000

Egypt Railways Sector Technical Assistance The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Washington DC 155,310

Egypt Railways Sector Desk Study William F. Hennessey Transportation Exeter NH 2,000

Iraq Rail Development—Executive Summary Translation Technical Assistance TechTrans International, Inc. Houston TX 7,404

Iraq Agriculture Sector Definitional Mission Interdisciplinary Research Consultants/IdRC Westerville OH 49,995

Iraq Oil Training Program—Management—Medical Reimbursement Other Telecom/Telematique Washington DC 545

Jordan Power Sector Definitional Mission Interdisciplinary Research Consultants/IdRC Westerville OH 49,624

Jordan Smart Card Technology Technical Assistance Selection in progress 410,083

Jordan Smart Card Technology Desk Study Network Dynamics Associates, LLC Weston CT 2,000

Jordan Water Sector Orientation Visit Global Marketing and Communications Arlington MA 189,452

Morocco Information and Communications Technology Definitional Mission Martin Morell New York NY 37,570

Morocco Data Mgmt, Investment Promotion in Upstream Petroleum, Mineral Development Desk Study Intratech, Inc. McLean VA 4,000

Morocco Data Mgmt, Investment Promotion in Upstream Petroleum, Mineral Development Technical Assistance Selection in progress 331,581

Morocco Cold Chain Improvement Definitional Mission Interdisciplinary Research Consultants/IdRC Westerville OH 49,997

Morocco Cold Storage Needs for Palm Dates Technical Assistance Selection in progress 531,810

Morocco Electric Power Sector Desk Study Tusk, LLC Washington DC 1,000

Morocco ONEP GIS System Technical Assistance Selection in progress 385,876

Morocco ONEP GIS System Technical Assistance US Foreign Commercial Service Washington DC 1,010

Regional MENA Jordan and West Bank Information and Communications Technology Definitional Mission Network Dynamics Associates, LLC Weston CT 56,615

Regional MENA Project Analyst Technical Assistance Tareq Bremer Falls Church VA 49,996

Regional MENA Cold Chain Orientation Visit The Peoples Group Arlington VA 268,391

Regional MENA Morocco and Tunisia Ports Sector Definitional Mission Telematics Engineering Reston VA 39,987

Regional MENA West Bank Information and Communications Technology Definitional Mission Network Dynamics Associates, LLC Weston CT 75,000

Regional MENA West Bank Internet Data Center Feasibility Study Selection in progress 412,093

Regional MENA West Bank Marble and Stone Orientation Visit Orientation Visit Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. Washington DC 246,375

Regional MENA West Bank WiMax Network Technical Assistance Selection in progress 480,626

Total for Middle East and North Africa $ 4,974,455

South and Southeast Asia

Cambodia Energy Sector Definitional Mission Intratech, Inc. McLean VA 39,677

Cambodia Oil and Gas Resource Management Training and Orientation Visit Technical Assistance Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. Washington DC 359,293

India Global Navigation Satellite System Orientation Visit Elan International, LLC Wheaton MD 101,829

India HPCL Asset Integrity Management Project Technical Assistance Tech Corr Houston TX 628,926

India Midstream and Downstream Oil and Gas Regulation Technical Assistance National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners Washington DC 348,339

India Lignite/Petrol Residue to Synthetic Crude Conversion Desk Study MT Energy Associates Vienna VA 3,000

India Lignite/Petrol Residue to Synthetic Crude Conversion Feasibility Study Headwaters International, LLC Minneapolis MN 600,000

India CBM/CMM Clearinghouse Technical Symposium BCS, Inc. Laurel MD 104,901

India Air Traffic Flow Management Seminar Technical Symposium Elan International, LLC Wheaton MD 127,917

India Air Traffic Flow Management Seminar Technical Symposium Federal Aviation Administration Washington DC 23,786

India CNS/ATM Transition Plan Feasibility Study Innovative Solutions International Vienna VA 503,252

India Nimbri Lignite Mining Development Feasibility Study Gustavson Associates Boulder CO 256,142

India HPCL Refinery Bottoms Upgradation Feasibility Study Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc. Houston TX 597,882

India Offshore Oil and Gas Safety Technical Assistance Minerals Management Service Washington DC 180,578

India BPCL Asset Integrity Management Technical Assistance Selection in progress 370,000

India Standard and Conformity Assessment Program Desk Study Allen F. Johnson & Associates Washington DC 3,000

India Standard and Conformity Assessment Program Technical Assistance American National Standards Institute Washington DC 535,300

India USTDA Country Representative Technical Assistance U.S. Department of State Washington DC 220,137

Indonesia Papua Ethanol Production Desk Study Energy Markets Group Washington DC 4,950

Philippines Mining Sector Orientation Visit BCS, Inc. Laurel MD 2,494

Philippines Rural Electrification Financing Desk Study GreenMax Brooklyn NY 7,000

Philippines Meteorological & Hydrological Telecommunications Network Upgrade Project Feasibility Study Selection in progress 381,000

Philippines e-POEA System Procurement Desk Study Martin Morell New York NY 6,500

Philippines IT Applications for Non-Revenue Water Reduction Pilot Project Feasibility Study Nobel Systems, Inc. San Bernardino CA 219,729

Philippines Wastewater Treatment Systems & Facility Upgrades for Commercial Users Feasibility Study Selection in progress 442,000

Philippines Rural Electrification Distribution Improvement and Financing Technical Assistance National Rural Electric Cooperative Association Arlington VA 404,510

Thailand Traffic Data Collection System Desk Study Pena, Hernan E., Jr. Charleston SC 3,000

Thailand ITS Corridor to Suvarnabhumi Airport Technical Assistance Wilbur Smith Associates Columbia SC 25,323

Vietnam Treasury IT Procurement Plan—Final Report Review Desk Study Global Resources, Inc. Irvine CA 3,000

Vietnam Ministry of Finance IT Projects—Hanoi Securities Trading Center Feasibility Study Link Development, LLC Lancaster PA 56,500

Vietnam APEC eManifest Demonstration Project Review Desk Study Management Options, Inc. Washington DC 4,800

Vietnam CAAV Aviation Safety Technical Assistance Robinson Aviation East Haven CT 740,413

Country Title Activity U.S. Firm City State Funds Obligated
28 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

Vietnam Port Sector Feasibility Study SSA Marine Seattle WA 148,170

Vietnam USTDA Projects Coordinator Technical Assistance US Foreign Commercial Service Washington DC 23,200

Vietnam Civil Nuclear Power Development Best Practices Orientation Visit Energetics Development, Inc. Columbia MD 214,384

Reg’l South & SE Asia Aviation Environmental Best Practices Orientation Visit American Association of Airport Executives Alexandria VA 179,710

Reg’l South & SE Asia Asia Business Development Officer Technical Assistance Gregory M. Walters 43,827

Reg’l South & SE Asia Vietnam Aviation Safety (Phases II & III) Desk Study Montgomery Consulting Group Maitland FL 1,000

Reg’l South & SE Asia Project Analyst Technical Assistance Jesse Jarrett Creasy Arlington VA 2,645

Reg’l South & SE Asia E-Government and ICT Projects Definitional Mission Network Dynamics Associates, LLC Weston CT 55,000

Reg’l South & SE Asia Environmental Sector Projects Definitional Mission AJGB International Incorporated Bellevue WA 74,895

Reg’l South & SE Asia Project Analyst Technical Assistance Samier A. Mansur Potomac MD 51,465

Reg’l South & SE Asia Regional Trade and Development Office Technical Assistance U.S. Department of State Washington DC 164,050

Reg’l South & SE Asia Aviation Sector Projects in Indonesia and Philippines Definitional Mission CORE International Washington DC 54,715

Reg’l South & SE Asia Flood Forecasting & Early Warning System Projects in Thailand and Vietnam Desk Study Network Dynamics Associates, LLC Weston CT 12,000

Reg’l South & SE Asia APEC Aviation New Technologies Workshop II Technical Symposium MFM Group, Inc. Miami FL 234,092

Reg’l South & SE Asia APEC Aviation New Technologies Workshop II Technical Symposium Federal Aviation Administration Washington DC 25,000

Total for South and Southeast Asia $ 8,589,331

Sub-Saharan Africa

Burkina Faso National ICT Backbone Network Desk Study Computer Frontiers, Inc. Frederick MD 3,000

Cameroon Nickel-Cobalt Mining Technical Assistance Gustavson Associates, Inc. Boulder CO 3,000

Cameroon Power Sector—Limbe Gas-to-Electricity Technical Assistance Selection in progress 695,000

Cameroon Power Sector—Bini Awarak Feasibility Study Selection in progress 662,000

Ethiopia Tendaho Geothermal Site Desk Study Intratech, Inc. McLean VA 3,000

Ethiopia Aluto Langano Geothermal Plant Desk Study Intratech, Inc. McLean VA 3,000

Ghana Trade Infrastructure Activities Definitional Mission Travis Design Associates, Inc. Lexington SC 64,996

Ghana Agricultural Leasing Development Technical Assistance Selection in progress 360,000

Liberia Transportation Sector Definitional Mission Global Business Solutions Incorporated Silver Spring MD 54,919

Liberia Greater Monrovia Fiber Optic Ring Feasibility Study Ekohs, Inc. Herndon VA 303,000

Mali Waste-to-Energy Desk Study Enviromation Incorporated Spotsylvania VA 5,000

Mali Waste-to-Energy Feasibility Study VICA Technologies Philadelphia PA 371,000

Mauritius Land-Based Ocean Industry Desk Study The Peoples Group Arlington VA 1,000

Mozambique Luria River Hydropower Desk Study CORE International Washington DC 3,000

Niger National ICT Backbone Network Feasibility Study Advanced Integrated Technologies Corporation Washington DC 442,000

Nigeria Independent Power Production Definitional Mission Akin Aduolowu and Associates Chantilly VA 89,673

Nigeria Kiri Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant Feasibility Study Selection in progress 467,000

Nigeria Ogun State Sugar Factory Desk Study Jennifer Windus Great Falls VA 3,000

South Africa Coega LNG Regasification and Power Generation Project Orientation Visit Global Marketing and Communications Arlington MA 146,560

Tanzania Capacity Building for the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Technical Assistance Selection in progress 623,580

Uganda Balancing Biofuels and Security Technical Assistance Selection in progress 527,280

Zambia Master Plan for Zambia Airports Desk Study Travis Design Associates, Inc. Lexington SC 6,000

Zambia Airports Master Plan Feasibility Study Selection in progress 725,050

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Trade and Development Office Technical Assistance U.S. Department of State Washington DC 259,958

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Smart and Secure Trade Lanes Review Desk Study Transportation & Economic Research Associates, Inc. 3,000

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa UEMOA Regional Rail Integration Desk Study Tusk Financial Washington DC 3,000

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Angola and Ghana Port Sector Definitional Mission Garibaldi Consulting Group McLean VA 7,000

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Business Development Manager Technical Assistance Douglas M. Shuster 123,174

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa U.S.- Africa Business Summit Technical Assistance Corporate Council on Africa Washington DC 15,000

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Project Analyst Technical Assistance Nathan Gazzetta Washington DC 49,993

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Project Analyst Technical Assistance Jennifer K. Teel Arlington VA 54,342

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa West Africa ICT Road Map to Opportunities Conference Technical Symposium Business Council for International Understanding New York NY 450,934

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa West Africa ICT Road Map to Opportunities Conference—Briefing Book Technical Symposium Computer Frontiers Germantown MD 84,605

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Trade Corridor Transportation Initiative (Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, and Burundi) Definitional Mission Interdisciplinary Research Consultants/IdRC Westerville OH 94,131

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Southern Africa Energy and Power Sector Definitional Mission Ronald Robinson Maplewood NJ 82,464

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Aviation and Meteorological Monitoring Activities Definitional Mission Airline Capital Associates New York NY 143,277

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa East African Community Transportation Sector Policy Orientation Visit Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. Washington DC 248,540

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Road Construction Planning and Equipment Orientation Visit Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. Washington DC 192,220

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Aviation Safety and Security Technical Symposium MFM Group, Inc. Miami FL 462,345

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Aviation Safety and Security—Briefing Book Technical Symposium Montgomery Consulting Group Maitland FL 144,500

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Energy and Power Sector (Malawi, Mauritius, and Benin) Definitional Mission The Peoples Group Arlington VA 84,884

Reg’l Sub-Saharan Africa Agricultural Sector (Malawi, Mauritius, and Benin) Definitional Mission The Peoples Group Arlington VA 84,960

Total Sub-Saharan Africa $ 8,150,386

MULTI-REGIONAL

Multi-Regional Travel Insurance—USTDA’s Short Term Travel Insurance Policy Other Travel Insurance Services Walnut Creek CA 29,982

Multi-Regional Executive ICT Training Cooperation Program Training U.S. Telecommunications Training Institute Washington DC 275,000

Multi-Regional Funding for Access to the State Department’s EAPS System Technical Assistance U.S. Department of State 429

Total Multi-Regional $ 305,411

GRAND TOTAL $ 46,477,915

Country Title Activity U.S. Firm City State Funds Obligated

FY 2008 Activities listed by region
Annual Report 2008 29

Independent Auditors’ Report

The Director

U.S. Trade and Development Agency:

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) as of 

September 30, 2008 and 2007, and the related statements of net cost, changes in net position, and statements of 

budgetary resources (hereinafter referred to as “financial statements”) for the years then ended. These financial 

statements are the responsibility of the USTDA’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these 

financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America; 

the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards, issued by the Comptroller 

General of the United States; and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 07-04, Audit Requirements 

for Federal Financial Statements. Those standards and OMB Bulletin No. 07-04 require that we plan and perform the 

audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An 

audit includes consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that 

are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 

USTDA’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes 

examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing 

the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall 

financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the USTDA as of September 30, 2008 and 2007, and its net costs, changes in net position, and budgetary 

resources for the years then ended in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The information in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis sections is not a required part of the financial 

statements, but is supplementary information required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We have 

applied certain limited procedures, which consisted principally of inquiries of management regarding the methods 

of measurement and presentation of this information. However, we did not audit this information and, accordingly, 

we express no opinion on it.

The information in the Other Accompanying Information section is presented for purposes of additional analysis and 

is not required as part of the financial statements. This information has not been subjected to auditing procedures 

and, accordingly, we express no opinion on it.

In accordance with Government Auditing Standards, we have also issued our reports dated November 14, 2008, on 

our consideration of the USTDA’s internal control over financial reporting and our tests of its compliance with certain 

provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements and other matters. The purpose of those reports 

is to describe the scope of our testing of internal control over financial reporting and compliance and the results of 

that testing, and not to provide an opinion on the internal control over financial reporting or on compliance. Those 

reports are an integral part of an audit performed in accordance with Government Auditing Standards and should be 

read in conjunction with this report in assessing the results of our audits.

November 14, 2008

KMPG LLP

2001 M Street, NW

Washington, DC 20036
30 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

Assets FY 2008 FY 2007

Intragovernmental:

Fund balance with Treasury (Note 2) $  108,865,441 $  114,883,040

Total intragovernmental 108,865,441 114,883,040

Accounts receivable (Note 3) 405,433 9,428

Other (Note 3) 646,747 4,574,205

General property and equipment, net (Note 4) 277,026 329,857

Total assets $  110,194,647 $  119,796,530

Liabilities and Net Position

Liabilities (Note 5)

Intragovernmental:

Accounts payable $  82,559 $  61,743

Other (Note 5) 541,626 1,703,343

Total intragovernmental 624,185 1,765,086

Accounts payable 7,394,258 7,597,606

Other (Note 5) 794,669 622,476

Total liabilities 8,813,112 9,985,168

Net position:

Unexpended appropriations 101,098,058 109,796,445

Cumulative results of operations 283,477 14,917

Total net position 101,381,535 109,811,362

Total liabilities and net position $  110,194,647 $  119,796,530

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Balance Sheets

As of September 30, 2008 and 2007
Annual Report 2008 31

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Statements of Net Cost

For the Years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007

FY 2008 FY 2007

Cost of Operations:

Grants program costs $  53,777,586 $  53,843,261

Less earned revenue (433,600) (637,500)

Net grant program cost 53,343,986 53,205,761

Costs not assigned to programs 19,375 392,415

Net cost of operations (Notes 6 & 11) $  53,363,361 $  53,598,176

See accompanying notes to financial statements.
32 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Statements of Changes in Net Position

For the Years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007

FY 2008 FY 2007

Cumulative results of operations:

Beginning balances $  14,917 $  141,471

Adjustments: — (58,885)

Budgetary financing sources:

Appropriations used 53,381,708 53,252,543

Other financing sources:

Imputed financing 250,213 277,964

Total financing sources 53,631,921 53,471,622

Net cost of operations (53,363,361) (53,598,176)

Net change 268,560 (126,554)

Ending balances $  283,477 $  14,917

Unexpended appropriations:

Beginning balances $  109,796,445 $  110,532,610

Budgetary financing sources:

Appropriations received 50,400,000 50,431,726

Appropriations transferred in/out — 5,245,000

Other adjustments (rescissions, etc.) (5,716,679) (3,160,348)

Appropriations used (53,381,708) (53,252,543)

Total budgetary financing sources (8,698,387) (736,165)

Total unexpended appropriations 101,098,058 109,796,445

Net position $  101,381,535 $  109,811,362

See accompanying notes to financial statements. 
Annual Report 2008 33

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Statements of Budgetary Resources

For the Years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007

FY 2008 FY 2007

Budgetary resources:

Unobligated balance, brought forward, October 1 $  9,739,038 $  9,258,596

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 11,569,605 5,100,492

Budget authority:

Appropriations 50,400,000 50,431,726

Spending authority from offsetting collections:

Collected 433,600 639,890

Change in unfilled customer orders

Advance received (433,600) (637,500)

Nonexpenditure transfers — 5,245,000

Permanently not available:

Cancellation of expired accounts (5,308,439) (3,160,348)

Enacted reductions (408,240) —

Total budgetary resources $  65,991,964 $  66,877,856

Status of budgetary resources:

Obligations incurred:

Direct (Note 7) $  58,562,314 $  57,138,818

Unobligated balance available:

Apportioned (Note 8) 3,368,390 7,725,135

Unobligated balance not available 4,061,260 2,013,903

Total status of budgetary resources $  65,991,964 $  66,877,856

Change in obligated balance:

Unpaid obligations, brought forward, October 1 $  103,953,159 $  104,638,355

Obligations incurred 58,562,314 57,138,818

Less: Gross outlays (49,968,286) (52,723,522)

Less: Recoveries of prior years’ obligations (11,569,605) (5,100,492)

Obligated balance, net – end of the period (Note 9) 100,977,582 103,953,159

Net Outlays:

Gross outlays $  49,968,286 $  52,723,522

Less: Offsetting collections — (2,390)

Net outlays $  49,968,286 $  52,721,132

See accompanying notes to financial statements. 
34 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Description of Reporting Entity

The U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA or the Agency) is an independent U.S. government 

agency administered under the authority of Section 661 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended 

(22 U.S.C. §2421).

USTDA advances economic development and U.S. commercial interests in developing and middle-income 

countries. The Agency funds various forms of technical assistance, feasibility studies, training, orientation 

visits, and business workshops that support the development of a modern infrastructure and a fair and open 

trading environment.

USTDA’s strategic use of foreign assistance funds to support sound investment policy and decision 

making in host countries creates an enabling environment for trade, investment, and sustainable economic 

development. Operating at the nexus of foreign policy and commerce, USTDA is uniquely positioned to 

work with U.S. firms and host countries in achieving the Agency’s trade and development goals. In carrying 

out its mission, USTDA gives emphasis to economic sectors that may benefit from U.S. exports of goods 

and services.

The organization was established on July 1, 1980 as the U.S. Trade and Development Program (TDP) by 

delegation of authority as a component of the International Development Cooperation Agency (IDCA). 

In 1988, under the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act, the organization was a separate component 

agency of IDCA. On October 28, 1992, the Jobs Through Exports Act of 1992 established USTDA as an 

independent agency under the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State.

(b) Basis of Presentation

These financial statements have been prepared to report the financial position, net costs, changes in net 

position, and budgetary resources of USTDA, as required by its authorizing legislation (Public Law 102-549, 

Title II). These financial statements include all activity related to USTDA’s appropriation (No. 11-1001) and 

reimbursable interagency agreements, whereby USTDA receives transfers from other federal agencies for 

use in specific regions or sectors.

(c) Budgets and Budgetary Accounting

Congress annually adopts a budget appropriation that provides USTDA with authority to use funds from 

the U.S. Treasury to meet operating and program expense requirements. All revenue received from other 

sources, except for appropriations transferred from other federal agencies and transfers received under 

reimbursable interagency agreements, must be returned to the U.S. Treasury.

(d) Basis of Accounting

USTDA’s Balance Sheet, Statement of Net Cost, and Statement of Changes in Net Position are prepared using 

the accrual method of accounting. This method requires recognition of the financial effects of transactions, 

events, and circumstances in the period(s) when those transactions, events, and circumstances occur, 

regardless of when cash is received or paid. USTDA uses budgetary accounting to facilitate compliance 

with legal constraints and to track its budget authority at the various stages of execution, including 

commitments, obligation, and eventual outlay. The Statement of Budgetary Resources is prepared using 

budgetary accounting methods.

The standards used in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements are issued by the Federal 

Accounting Standards Advisory Board, which are accounting principles generally accepted in the United 

States of America.

(e) Revenue and Other Financing Sources

During FY 2008, USTDA received a two-year appropriation to be used for program and administrative 

expenses, which is available for obligation through September 30, 2009. These funds were issued in 

accordance with Section 611 of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs 

Appropriations Act, 2008 (“The Act”). The Act allows funds that were initially obligated prior to their 

expiration, to remain available for re-obligation for an additional 4 years from the date on which the 

availability of such funds would otherwise have expired.

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2008 and 2007
Annual Report 2008 35

Funds transferred from the U.S. Agency for International Development for Support for East European 

Democracy Act (SEED), Economic Support Funds (ESF), and the Freedom Support Act (FSA) during 

FY 2002–2005, are available for reobligation in the manner described in the preceding paragraph. SEED, 

ESF, and FSA funds for FY 1999–2001 that were initially obligated prior to their expiration remain available 

for re-obligation until expended.

Appropriations are recognized as a financing source at the time they are authorized and apportioned. 

Appropriations used to fund grant activities and administrative expenses are recognized as expenses and 

revenues as the resultant related expenses are incurred.

(f) Fund Balance with Treasury

USTDA does not maintain cash in commercial bank accounts. The U.S. Treasury processes cash receipts and 

disbursements. The balance of funds with Treasury primarily represents appropriated funds that are available 

to pay current liabilities and finance authorized purchase commitments relative to goods or services.

(g) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. USTDA capitalizes property and 

equipment with an acquisition cost greater than $ 5,000 and useful life exceeding one year. Depreciation 

is calculated based on an estimated useful life of 10 years for all assets, except computer equipment and 

software, which is depreciated over 5 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated 

period of occupancy or the life of the improvement, whichever is less. Expenditures for repairs and 

maintenance are charged to operating expenses as incurred.

(h) Liabilities

Liabilities represent amounts owed by USTDA as the result of transactions or events that have occurred as 

of September 30, 2008. Liabilities for which Congress has not appropriated funds are classified as liabilities 

not covered by budgetary resources (e.g., unfunded accrued leave). There is no certainty that Congress will 

appropriate funds to satisfy this liability. All liabilities other than unfunded accrued leave are considered 

current liabilities.

USTDA has no capital leases. Regarding its building lease, the General Services Administration (GSA) 

entered into a lease agreement for USTDA’s rental of building space. USTDA pays GSA a standard-level 

users’ charge for the annual rental. The standard-level users’ charge approximates the commercial rental 

rates for similar properties. Average annual rent expense and related charges are approximately $ 1.5 million 

through 2012.

(i) Undelivered Orders

Undelivered orders represent the amount of orders for goods and services outstanding for which funds have 

been obligated but the liabilities have not been accrued.

(j) Accrued Leave

Annual leave is accrued as a liability as it is earned. The liability is reduced as leave is taken. Each year, 

the balance in the accrued annual leave account is adjusted to reflect current year pay rates. To the extent 

that the current or prior year appropriations are not available to fund annual leave earned, but not taken, 

funding will be obtained from future appropriations. USTDA’s handling of annual leave earned, but not taken 

is compliant with established regulations. Sick leave and other types of nonvested leave are charged to 

expense as the leave is used.

(k) Cumulative Results of Operations

Cumulative results of operations represent the difference between net property and equipment and 

unfunded annual leave, plus the net difference between expenses and financing sources since the 

inception of an activity.

(l) Retirement Plan

USTDA’s employees participate in either the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) or the Federal 

Employees’ Retirement System (FERS). Employees participating in CSRS contribute 7.0% of their gross 

pay to the plan, and USTDA contributes 8.51%. The cost of providing a CSRS benefit, which is 25.2% as 

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2008 and 2007
36 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

computed by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), is more than the amounts contributed by USTDA 

and its employees. In accordance with Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standard (SFFAS) No. 

5, Accounting for Liabilities of the Federal Government, USTDA reports the full cost of providing pension 

benefits to include the cost financed by OPM.

On January 1, 1987, FERS went into effect pursuant to Public Law 99-335. Most employees hired after 

December 31, 1983 are automatically covered by FERS and the Social Security Act. Employees hired prior 

to January 1, 1984 could elect either to join FERS and the Social Security Act or remain in CSRS. A primary 

feature of FERS is that it offers a savings plan in which USTDA automatically contributes 1% of employees’ 

pay and matches any employee contribution up to an additional 4% of basic pay. For most employees 

hired since December 31, 1983, USTDA also contributes the employer’s matching share under the Social 

Security Act. For the FERS basic benefit, the employees contribute 0.8% of their basic pay while USTDA 

contributes 11.2% for a total contribution rate of 12%. The cost of providing a FERS benefit, as computed by 

OPM is 12%

The total amount of imputed financing for retirement and other post-retirement benefits paid by OPM for 

FY 2008 is calculated at $ 250,213 which includes $ 65,061 for pension cost for CSRS and FERS; $ 184,440 

for the Federal Employees Health Benefit Program (FEHP); and $ 712 for Federal Employees Group Life 

Insurance (FEGLI). These amounts are included in USTDA’s FY 2008 financial statements. In FY 2007, OPM 

funded $ 277,964 to pension, health, and life insurance benefits on behalf of USTDA’s employees.

The actuarial present value of accumulated benefits, assets available for benefits, and unfunded pension 

liability of CSRS and FERS is not allocated to individual departments and agencies and is therefore not 

disclosed by USTDA. The reporting of these amounts is the responsibility of OPM. USTDA has properly 

computed this amount and recorded a liability for it.

USTDA paid approximately $ 404,438, and $ 409,197 for retirement system coverage for its employees during 

FY 2008 and FY 2007, respectively. 

(m) Use of Estimates

Management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and 

liabilities to prepare these financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. 

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2008 and 2007
Annual Report 2008 37

(2) Fund Balance with Treasury

Fund balance with Treasury represents USTDA’s undisbursed budgetary authority and funds to be returned to 

Treasury at September 30, 2008 and 2007, as follows:

2008 2007

Fund balances:

Appropriated funds $  108,328,332 $  113,179,697

Miscellaneous Receipts 456,704 1,190,843

Interest received 1,505 —

Other fund types (reimbursable) 78,900 512,500

Total $  108,865,441 $  114,883,040

Status of fund balance with Treasury:

Unobligated balance:

Available $  3,368,390 $  7,725,135

Unavailable 4,061,260 2,013,903

Obligated balance not yet disbursed 100,977,582 103,953,159

Non-budgetary 458,209 1,190,843

Total $  108,865,441 $  114,883,040

(3) Receivables and Other Assets

Other assets at September 30, 2008 and 2007 consisted of the following components:

2008 2007

Interest receivable $  4,517 $  —

Accounts receivable 400,916 9,428

Advances and prepayments 646,747 4,574,205

Total other assets $  1,052,180 $  4,583,633

The accounts receivable reported represent the gross amount of refunds due as a result of the close-out of 

contractor performance on two grants. There is insufficient history to estimate the amount of funds that may not 

be collectible. USTDA anticipates collecting all of the funds due.

Advances to contractors represent amounts provided to Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) for costs related 

to various project planning activities funded by USTDA. For accounting purposes, these funds were recorded as 

advances to contractors, and they remain with the MDBs until the work is done and bills are submitted and paid. 

Advances to the MDBs are liquidated on a first-in, first-out basis. USTDA has implemented procedures to close 

these accounts. In connection with this closure, USTDA has requested and received a refund in the amount of 

$ 2,730,765 from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2008 and 2007
38 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

(4) General Property and Equipment, Net

Recognition and measurement criteria for general property and equipment are dictated by SFFAS No. 6, Accounting 

for Property, Plant, and Equipment, as amended by SFFAS Nos. 11, 16, and 23. USTDA capitalizes property and 

equipment with an acquisition cost greater than $ 5,000 and a useful life exceeding one year. Depreciation 

expense for the year was $ 85,352.

General property and equipment and related accumulated depreciation at September 30, 2008, and 2007 

consisted of:

2008

Depreciation 

method Service life

Acquisition 

value

Accumulated 

depreciation/

amortization

Net book 

value

Computer Equipment Straight-line 5 years $  293,930 185,126 108,804

Furniture and Fixtures Straight-line 10 years 180,035 130,757 49,278

Computer Software Straight-line 5 years 11,721 10,549 1,172

Other Equipment Straight-line 10 years 228,428 119,517 108,911

Leasehold Improvement Straight-line 8 years 20,255 11,394 8,861

Total general property and equipment $  734,369 457,343 277,026

2007

Depreciation 

method Service life

Acquisition 

value

Accumulated 

depreciation/

amortization

Net book 

value

Computer Equipment Straight-line 5 years $  269,028 146,296 122,732

Furniture and Fixtures Straight-line 10 years 180,362 119,593 60,769

Computer Software Straight-line 5 years 11,721 8,205 3,516

Other Equipment Straight-line 10 years 228,428 96,981 131,447

Leasehold Improvement Straight-line 8 years 20,255 8,862 11,393

Total general property and equipment $  709,794 379,937 329,857

During FY 2008 and FY 2007, USTDA purchased property and equipment for $ 37,254 and $ 44,139 respectively. 

During FY 2008, USTDA disposed of property that cost $ 12,679, with accumulated depreciation of $ 7,946. 

$ 4,733 was recorded as a loss.

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2008 and 2007
Annual Report 2008 39

(5) Liabilities

Liabilities are recognized when incurred regardless of whether they are covered by available budgetary resources. 

Total liabilities reported on the financial statements represent the sum of liabilities not covered by budgetary 

resources, and those covered by budgetary resources.

2008 2007

Intragovernmental Liabilities:

Liabilities not covered by budgetary resources:

Miscellaneous receipts to be returned to Treasury $  456,704 $  1,190,843

Interest to be returned to Treasury 6,022 —

Liabilities covered by budgetary resources:

Deferred revenue 78,900 512,500

Accounts payable 82,559 61,743

Total intragovernmental liabilities $  624,185 $  1,765,086

Other Liabilities:

Liabilities not covered by budgetary resources:

Accrued annual leave $  394,406 $  324,367

Liabilities covered by budgetary resources:

Accounts payable 7,394,258 7,597,606

Accrued payroll 400,263 298,109

Total other liabilities $  8,188,927 $  8,220,082

Total Liabilities $  8,813,112 $  9,985,168

(6) Intragovernmental Costs and Exchange Revenue

In FY 2008 and FY 2007, program costs consisted of the following:

Grants Program 2008 2007

Intragovernmental costs $  2,939,944 $  2,544,128

Public costs 50,857,017 51,691,548

Total grant program costs 53,796,961 54,235,676

Intragovernmental earned revenue (433,600) (637,500)

Net grant program costs $  53,363,361 $  53,598,176

All costs incurred by USTDA in FY 2008 and FY 2007 were related to the grants program.

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2008 and 2007
40 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2008 and 2007

(7) Apportionment Categories of Obligations Incurred

In FY 2008 and 2007 USTDA obligated funds in the following categories:

Obligations 2008 2007

Category A $  11,992,555 $  11,284,459

Category B 46,569,759 45,854,359

Total obligations incurred $  58,562,314 $  57,138,818

Category A represents funds that are obligated for operating expenses.

Category B represents funds that are obligated for program activities.

(8) Unobligated Balances Available — Apportioned

USTDA’s total available unobligated balance of budget authority at September 30, 2008 and 2007 consisted of 

the following.

2008 2007

Unrestricted no-year funds $  325,959 $  325,959

Successor appropriations – no-year funds 349,644 1,033,745

Funds transferred from USAID for feasibility studies and 

related activities in the New Independent States 

(FSA no-year funds) 782,721 170,412

Total no-year funds $  1,458,324 $  1,530,116

Funds transferred from USAID for feasibility studies and 

related activities in the New Independent States (FSA funds) — 2,181,157

Funds transferred from USAID for feasibility studies and 

related activities in Azerbaijan — 1,000,000

Successor appropriations – multiple year 595,843 94,724

USTDA two-year appropriations 1,314,223 2,919,138

Total unobligated and available appropriations $  3,368,390 $  7,725,135

None of these transfers represent allocations from USAID.

(9) Undelivered Orders

USTDA’s undelivered orders balances at September 30, 2008 and 2007 consisted of the following:

Purpose 2008 2007

Obligated balance at the end of the period $  100,977,582 $  103,953,159

Accounts payable (covered by budgetary resources) (7,877,080) (7,957,458)

Undelivered orders $  93,100,502 $  95,995,701

Accounts payable in this note excludes liabilities not covered by budgetary resources and deferred revenue.
Annual Report 2008 41

(10) Permanent Indefinite Appropriations

USTDA’s no-year funds at September 30, 2008 and 2007 existed for the following purposes.

Purpose 2008 2007

General program activities $  325,959 $  325,959

Freedom Support Act (FSA) transfer funds for 

feasibility studies and program activities 782,721 170,412

FSA successor appropriation 349,644 310,022

Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) 

funds successor appropriations — 723,723

Total permanent indefinite appropriations $  1,458,324 $  1,530,116

(11) Reconciliation of Net Cost to Budget

The following schedule reconciles resources available to USTDA to finance operations and the net cost of 

operating USTDA’s programs:

2008 2007

Resources used to finance activities:

Budgetary resources obligated $  58,562,314 $  57,138,818

Recoveries of prior years obligations (11,569,605) (5,100,492)

Imputed financing for costs absorbed by others 250,213 277,964

Other (391,488) (9,377)

Total resources used to finance activities $  46,851,434 $  52,306,913

Resources used to finance items not part of the 

net cost of operations:

Change in budgetary resources obligated for goods 

and services ordered, but not received $  6,822,657 $  1,854,108

Change in offsetting collections and receipts that do not 

affect the net cost of operations (433,600) (637,500)

Resources that finance the acquisition of assets (37,254) (44,139)

Loss on disposition of assets 4,733 —

Total resources used to finance items 

not part of the net cost of operations $  6,356,536 $  1,172,469

Costs that do not require resources:

Depreciation and amortization $  85,352 $  80,252

Cost of operations that require resources in future periods:

Increase in accrued leave liability 70,039 38,542

Total costs that do not require resources $  155,391 $  118,794

Net cost of operations $  53,363,361 $  53,598,176

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2008 and 2007
42 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

Intragovernmental Assets

Trading Partner Partner # Fund Balance with Treasury

Department of the Treasury 20 $  108,865,441

Total $  108,865,441

Intragovernmental Liabilities

Trading Partner Partner # 

Accounts 

Payable 

Deferred 

Revenue 

Funds to be 

Returned to 

Treasury

Department of Defense 21 $  — $  78,900 —

Department of State 19 76,347 — —

Department of the Treasury 20 — — $  462,726

National Archives 88 506 — —

Office of Personnel Management 24 5,706 — —

Total $  82,559 $  78,900 $  462,726

Intragovernmental Revenue 

Trading Partner Partner # Amount

Department of Defense 21 $  433,600

Total $  433,600

Intragovernmental Expenses 

Trading Partner Partner # Amount

Department of Argriculture 12 $  785

Department of Homeland Security 70 4,569

Department of the Interior (NBC) 14 1,183,413

Department of State 19 349,949

Department of Treasury 20 450

General Services Administration 47 1,372,040

Office of Personnel Management 24 11,240

National Archives 88 506

U.S. Postal Service 18 16,992

Total $  2,939,944

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Other Accompanying Information

Intragovernmental Assets, Liabilities, Revenue, and Expenses

September 30, 2008 
Annual Report 2008 43

Independent Auditors’ Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Director

U.S. Trade and Development Agency:

We have audited the balance sheets of the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) as of September 30, 2008 

and 2007 and the related statements of net cost, changes in net position, and statements of budgetary resources 

(hereinafter referred to as “financial statements”) for the years then ended, and have issued our report thereon 

dated November 14, 2008.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America; 

the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards, issued by the Comptroller 

General of the United States; and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 07-04, Audit Requirements 

for Federal Financial Statements. Those standards and OMB Bulletin No. 07-04 require that we plan and perform the 

audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.

The management of the USTDA is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control. In planning 

and performing our fiscal year 2008 audit, we considered the USTDA’s internal control over financial reporting by 

obtaining an understanding of the USTDA’s internal control, determining whether internal controls had been placed 

in operation, assessing control risk, and performing tests of controls as a basis for designing our auditing procedures 

for the purpose of expressing our opinion on the financial statements. To achieve this purpose, we did not test all 

internal controls relevant to operating objectives as broadly defined by the Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act 

of 1982. The objective of our audit was not to express an opinion on the effectiveness of the USTDA’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we do not express an opinion on the effectiveness of the USTDA’s internal 

control over financial reporting.

Our consideration of internal control over financial reporting was for the limited purpose described in the preceding paragraph and would not necessarily identify all deficiencies in the internal control over financial reporting that 

might be significant deficiencies or material weaknesses.

A control deficiency exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, 

in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. 

A significant deficiency is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects the 

USTDA’s ability to initiate, authorize, record, process, or report financial data reliably in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of the 

USTDA’s financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or detected by the USTDA’s 

internal control. A material weakness is a significant deficiency, or combination of significant deficiencies, that results 

in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the financial statements will not be prevented or 

detected by the USTDA’s internal control.

In our fiscal year 2008 audit, we did not identify any deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that we 

consider to be material weaknesses, as defined above.

We noted certain additional matters that we have reported to management of the USTDA in a separate letter dated 

November 14, 2008.

This report is intended solely for the information and use of the USTDA’s management, OMB, the U.S. Government 

Accountability Office, and the U.S. Congress and is not intended to be and should not be used by anyone other than 

these specified parties.

November 14, 2008

KMPG LLP

2001 M Street, NW

Washington, DC 20036
44 U . S . T r a d e a n d D e v e lo pm e n t A g e n c y 

Independent Auditors’ Report on Compliance and Other Matters

The Director

U.S. Trade and Development Agency:

We have audited the balance sheets of the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) as of September 30, 2008 

and 2007, and the related statements of net cost, changes in net position, and statements of budgetary resources 

(hereinafter referred to as “financial statements”) for the years then ended, and have issued our report thereon 

dated November 14, 2008.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America; 

the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards, issued by the Comptroller 

General of the United States; and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 07-04, Audit Requirements 

for Federal Financial Statements. Those standards and OMB Bulletin No. 07-04 require that we plan and perform the 

audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.

The management of the USTDA is responsible for complying with laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements 

applicable to the USTDA. As part of obtaining reasonable assurance about whether the USTDA’s financial statements are free of material misstatement, we performed tests of the USTDA’s compliance with certain provisions 

of laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements, noncompliance with which could have a direct and material 

effect on the determination of the financial statement amounts, and certain provisions of other laws and regulations 

specified in OMB Bulletin No. 07-04, including the provisions referred to in Section 803(a) of the Federal Financial 

Management Improvement Act of 1996 (FFMIA). We limited our tests of compliance to the provisions described in 

the preceding sentence, and we did not test compliance with all laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements 

applicable to the USTDA. However, providing an opinion on compliance with those provisions was not an objective 

of our audit, and accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

The results of our other tests of compliance discussed in the third paragraph of this report, exclusive of those referred 

to in FFMIA, disclosed no instances of noncompliance or other matters that are required to be reported herein under 

Government Auditing Standards or OMB Bulletin No. 07-04.

The results of our tests of FFMIA disclosed no instances in which the USTDA’s financial management systems did 

not substantially comply with the (1) Federal financial management systems requirements, (2) applicable Federal 

accounting standards, and (3) the United States Government Standard General Ledger at the transaction level.

We noted certain additional matters that we have reported to management of the USTDA in a separate letter dated 

November 14, 2008.

This report is intended solely for the information and use of the USTDA’s management, OMB, the U.S. Government 

Accountability Office, and the U.S. Congress and is not intended to be and should not be used by anyone other than 

these specified parties.

November 14, 2008

KMPG LLP

2001 M Street, NW

Washington, DC 20036

USTDA Annual Report 2008

Design: Studio B

staff photos: Robert A. McComas Photography

Printing: Todd Allan Printing

Printed on recycled paper.

U.S. Trade and Development Agency

1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600 • Arlington, Virginia 22209-3901

Phone: (703) 875-4357 • Fax: (703) 875-4009 • Website: www.ustda.gov • E-mail: info@ustda.gov