64

64

65

65

66
66

66

67
67

68
68

69
69

76
70

71
71
71

72
72
72
72

73
73

74
74
74

75
75
75

76
76
76
76

77
77
77
77

78
78

78

147
147
147

78
78

79
79

HAUG, A. (1966), ELECTRON DENSITIES IN THE AURORAL ZONE D-LAYER DURING QUIE
T IONOSPHERIC CONDITIONS, ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES IN THE IONOSPHERE AND E
XOSPHERE, (ED. FRIHAGEN), NORTH HOLLAND, AMSTERDAM, 61-65.

HAUG, A., M. JESPERSON, J. A. KANE, AND E. V. THRANE (1976), ELECTRON DENSI
TIES MEASURED BY THE PARTIAL REFLECTION METHOD COMPARED WITH SIMULTANEOUS R
OCKET MEASUREMENTS, J. ATMOS. TERR. PRYS., 32, 1139-1142

HAUG, A., AND E. V. THRANE (1967), D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITIES DEDUCED FROM

MEASUREMENTS OF PARTIAL REFLECTIONS AT A MIDDLE LATITUDE AND AT A LOW LATI
TUDE STATION, GROUND-BASED RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION STUDIES OF THE LOWER IONO
SPHERE, CONF. PROC. DEFENCE RESEARCH BOARD, CANADA, 189-196.

HEIKKILA, W. J., J. A. FEJER, J. HUGILL, AND W. CALVERT (1967), COMPARISON
OF IONOSPHERIC PROBE TECHNIQUES, SPACE RESEARCH VII, 395-405.

HEWITT, L. W. (1969), IONIZATION INCREASES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SMALL SOLAR
PROTON EVENTS OF 5 FEBRUARY 1965 AND 16 JULY 1966, CAN. J. PHYS. 47, 131-13
4.

HEY, J. S., J. B. G. ROBERTS, G. N. TAYLOR, AND C. D. WATKINS (1968), HIGH
POWER RADAR FOR IONOSPHERIC RESEARCH, NATURE 228, 865-868.

HOLT, O. (1963), SOME EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE IONOSPHERIC D-REGION AT H
IGH LATITUDES, NORWEGIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT, TECH. NOTE NO. 3.

HOLT, O., B. LANDMARK, AND F, LIED (196%), OBSERVATIONS OF ELECTRON DENSITY
AND COLLISION FREQUENCY IN THE D-REGION DURING POLAR RADIO BLACKOUT CONDIT
IONS, NORWEGIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT, TECH. NOTE NO. 2.

HOLT, O., B. LANDMARK, AND F. LIED (1962), OBSERVATION OF ELECTRON DENSITY
IN THE D-REGION DURING POLAR RADIO BLACKOUT CONDITIONS, ELECTRON DENSITY PR
OFILES IN THE IONOSPHERE AND EXOSPHERE, PROC. OF NATO ADVANCED INSTITUTE SK
EIKAMPEN, NORWAY, (ED. MAEHLUM), APRIL 1961.

IOANNIDES, G., AND D. T. FARLEY (1974), HIGH RESOLUTION D-REGION MEASUREMEN
TS AT ARECIBO, RADIO SCI. 9, 151-157.

JESPERSON, M., A. HAUG, AND B. LANDMARK (1966), ELECTRON DENSITY AND COLLIS
ION FREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS IN THE ARCTIC D-REGION, ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES
IN IONOSPHERE AND EXOSPHERE, (ED. FRIHAGEN), NORTH HOLLAND, 27-30.

JESPERSON, M., J. A. KANE, AND B. LANDMARK (1968), ELECTRON AND POSITIVE IO
N DENSITY MEASUREMENT DURING CONDITIONS OF AURORAL ABSORPTION, J. ATMOS. TE
RR. PHYS. 38, 1955-1963.

JESPERSON, M., AND B. MOLLER PEDERSON (197), IONOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS DURI
NG THE ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 29 MAY 1966 - III FOUR D-REGION ELECTRON DE
NSITY PROFILES MEASURED BY ROCKET TECHNIQUES, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS. 32, 185
9-1863.

JESPERSON, M., O. PETERSON, J. RYBNER, B. BJELLAND, B. HOLT, AND B. LANDMAR
K (1964), ELECTRON DENSITY AND COLLISION FREQUENCY IN THE LOWER D-REGION DU
RING AURORAL ABSORPTION, ELECTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE IONOSPHERE A
ND EXOSPHERE, (ED. THRKANE), NORTH HOLLAND, 22-35.

JESPERSON, M., J. TROIM, AND B. LANDMARK (1969), ELECTRON DENSITY OBSERVATI
ONS DURING THE PCA EVENT OF 25 FEBRUARY 1969, INTERCORRELATED SATELLITE OBS

ERVATIONS RELATED TO SOLAR EVENTS, (ED. V. MANNO AND D. E. PAGE), RIEDEL, D
ORDRECHT, HOLLAND, 515-519.

KANE, J. A. (1961), RE-EVALUATION OF IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITIES AND COL
LISONAL FREQUENCIES DERIVED FROM ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF REFRACTIVE INDEX AN
D ATTENUATION, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS. 23, 338-347.

KANE, J. A. (1969A), D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITY MEASUREMENTS DURING THE SOLA
R ECLIPSE OF MAY 20, 1966, PLANET. SPACE SCI. 17, 609-616.

KANE, J. A. (1969B), D-REGION RADIO MEASUREMENTS AT THE MAGNETIC EQUATOR, N
ASA REPORT X-615-69-499, NTIS ACCESS. NO. N76-14217.

16


326

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3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
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6
7
7
7
7
7
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7
8
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18

1430
1644
2024
12 6
129
1521
2237
12 9
12 6
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2319
1528
16 g
10 6
1563

2136
1546

6
40.8

37.9

TAT
74.7
74.7
74.7

~44.5

58.8
57.2
57.2
57.2
57.4
31.2
69.3
37.9
37.9
50.0
50.0
43.6
43.6
45.4
58.8
58.8
37.9
57.2
57.2
30.0
58.8
37.9
57.2
40.8
57.2
58.8
58.5
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
32.2
45.4
45.4
67.9
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Complete listing of the File DB1.

10

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(continued)

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126
103
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1921
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13 9
1346
1349
1328
1413
15 4
15 4
1310

1917

120

6

40.8
49.0

45.4
45.4
45.4
40.8
40.8

40.8
40.8

42.6

40.8
32.3

8.6
32.3
32.3
45.4
4

57.2
57.2

45.4
45.4
57.2
49.1
40.1
40.1
40.1
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40.1
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45.4

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132
132

133
133
133

134
134

135
135

149
149

136
136
136

137
137

138
138
138
138

139
139
139

146
146
149

141
141

155
155
155

142
142

143
143
143

156
156
156

144
144
144
144

TAYLOR, G. N. (1968), INCOHERENT SCATTER OBSERVATIONS OF THE E-REGION, AGAR
D CONF. PROC. NO. 37, NATO, VOL. 1, PAPER 32.

THOMAS, L., AND M. D. HARRISON (1976), THE ELECTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS I
N THE D-REGION DURING THE NIGHT AND PRE-SUNRISE PERIOD, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHY
S. 32, 1-14.

THRANE, E. V. (1966), EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE IONOSPHE
RIC D-REGION, NORWEGIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT, REPORT NO. 54.

THRANE, E. V. (1972), INFORMATION ON THE D- AND E-REGION ELECTRON DENSITY P
ROFILES, RADIO SCI. 7, 143-152.

THRANE, E. V., AND W. R. PIGGOTT (1966), THE COLLISION FREQUENCY IN THE E-
AND D-REGIONS OF THE IONOSPHERE, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS. 28, 721-737.

THRANE, E. V., A. HAUG, B. BJELLAND, M. ANASTASSIADES, AND E. TSAGAKIS (196
8), MEASUREMENTS OF D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITIES DURING THE INTERNATIONAL QU
TET SUN YEAR, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS. 39, 135-150.

ULWICK, J. C. (1972A), ECLIPSE ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF CHARGED PARTICLE CONC
ENTRATIONS, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS. 34, 659-665.

ULWICK, J. C. (1972B), COMPARISON OF BLACK BRANT ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF CHA
RGED PARTICLE DENSITIES DURING SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS, IN PROCEEDINGS OF COS
PAR SYMPOSIUM ON SOLAR PARTICLE EVENT OF NOVEMBER 1969, AFCRL SPECIAL REPOR
T, NO. 144, 395-416.

ULWICK, J. C., K. D. BAKER, AND B. SELLERS (1979), ROCKET MEASUREMENTS IN A
PCA EVENT, SPACE RESEARCH X, PRAGUE, (ED. DONAHUE, SMITH, AND THOMAS), 825
-830.

ULWICK, J. C., W. PFISTER, AND K. D. BAKER (1968), ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF B
REMSSTRAHLUNG X-RAYS AND RELATED PARAMETERS DURING AURORAL ABSORPTION EVENTS
» SPACE RES. VIII, 171-177.

UNGSTRUP, E. (1971), ROCKET OBSERVATIONS OF VLF HISS IN AURORA, PLANET. SPA
CE SCI. 19, 1475-1495.

VON BIEL, H. A. (1967), D-REGION PARTIAL REFLECTION EXPERIMENT PERFORMED DU
RING THE 12 NOVEMBER 1966 SOLAR ECLIPSE (U), CORNELL AERONAUTICAL LAB. REPO
RT NO. VC~2199-P-1.

VON BIEL, H. A. (1971), DETERMINATION OF D-KEGION ELECTRON DENSITIES WITHIN
THE SCATTERING REGION, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 76, 5365-5367.

VON BIEL, H. A., W. A. FLOOD, AND H. G. CAMNITZ (1970), DIFFERENTIAL PHASE
PARTIAL-REFLECTION TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF D-REGION IONIZATION,
J. GEOPHYS. RES. 75, 4863-4876.

WIERSMA, D. J., AND C. F,. SECHRIST, JR. (1972), DIFFERENTIAL PHASE MEASUREM
ENTS OF D-REGION PARTIAL REFLECTIONS; AERON. REP. NO. 47, AERON. LAB., UNIV
+ OF ILL., URBANA, ILL.

YONEZAWA, T. (1962), PROBE MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTRON AND POSITIVE ION DE
NSITIES IN THE E AND F REGION BY ROCKETS, PROC. NATO ADVANCED STUDY INST. 0
N ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES IN THE IONOSPHERE AND EXOSPHERE, SKEIKAMPEN, NO
RWAY, (ED. MAEHLUM, PERGAMON, LONDON).

20

i
:
i



TONOSPHERIC D-REGION PROFILE DATA BASE

A collection of computer-accessible experimental profiles
of the D and lower E regions

by
L.F. McNamara

Tonospheric Prediction Service, Sydney, Australia*

ABSTRACT. A collection of some 700 experimental electron density profiles
of the D and lower E regions of the ionosphere has been digitized and made
computer-retrievable. The collection includes most of the profiles pub-
lished in the journal or report literature. The data are available in the
form of three computer files that give the conditions under which each pro-
file was obtained, a full list of references from which the experimental
data were extracted, and the digitized profiles themselves.

PART I. EXPLANATION

Introduction

This report describes a collection of about 700 experimental electron density profiles of the D
and lower E regions of the ionosphere. The collection is largely that given by Davis and Berry [1977],
apart from a few deletions and about 100 additions, and represents the results of a search through the
published journal and report literature. The main difference between the present work and that of Davis

and Berry [1977] is that the present collection has been made computer-accessible, including a trace-back
to the original journal or article diagram.

The information pertaining to the profiles is all contained either in one of three computer files
or in Table 2 of this report. The computer files DB1, DB2, and DB3 contain data describing, respective-
ly, the circumstances of each experiment, the list of journal or report references from which the pro-
files were extracted, and the digitized data. These files are discussed in detail in the next section.
Each file may be readily updated as more data become available.

Because it is intended that the data should be readily accessible by computer, listings of several
useful computer programs are given in the appendices. These programs may be used to select all those
profiles satisfying specified conditions; check updated versions of DB1 and DB3; find all profiles
Passing through a specified height or density, and calculate the corresponding density or height and
slope at the given point; mass plot any given set of digitized profiles; calculate the percentage dis-
tribution of the profiles with respect to a given parameter; and arrange the profiles in increasing
order of a given parameter.

The present collection of profiles includes most of those that are readily available in the pub-
lished literature. The distribution is far from random, especially in geographical location, because
a few stations such as Ottawa are responsible for many profiles. See Table.4 in Part II. The distribu-
tions with respect to the descriptive parameters of DB1 have been obtained using the program HISTDB
of Appendix E, and are given in that appendix.

It is intended that this data base be updated regularly in order to correct the inevitable errors
as they are noticed, to delete profiles classed as unreliable by the original experimenter, and to add
new profiles as they become available.

Copies of files DB1, DBZ, and DB3, as well as copies of the programs described in the appendices,
are available on computer magnetic tape from World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Address
requests and inquiries to R.0. Conkright, NOAA, D63, Boulder, CO 80303.

Description of Files

Each of the experimental profiles was retrieved from diagrams in the literature and then digitized

using a Hewlett-Packard digitizer, taking sufficient data points to allow a reliable reconstruction

of each profile. The digitized data, with each curve identified by a unique three-digit number, have
been collected in file DB3; a sample excerpt is included in Table 1. The sequence of curves

*Guest worker at World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado.

1



UAG Series of Reports
Prepared by World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.

These reports are for sale through the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801, Attn: Publications.
Subscription price: $25.20 a year; $12.00 additional for foreign mailing; single copy price varies. These reports are issued
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money order payable to: Department of Commerce, NOAA.

Some issues are now out of print and are available only on microfiche as indicated. Requests for microfiche should be sent
to World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80302, with check or money order made payable to
Department of Commerce, NOAA.

UAG-1  “IQSY Night Airglow Data", price $1.75.

UAG-2 "A Reevaluation of Solar Flares, 1964-1966", price 30 cents.

UAG-3 “Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-41 MHz, 6 July 1966 through 8 September 1968",
microfiche only, price 45 cents.

UAG-4 "Abbreviated Calendar Record 1966-1967", price $1.25.

UAG-5 "Data on Solar Event of May 23, 1967 and its Geophysical Effects", price 65 cents.

UAG-6 “International Geophysical Calendars 1957-1969", price 30 cents.

UAG-7 “Observations of the Solar Electron Corona: February 1964-January 1968", price 15 cents.

UAG-8 “Data on Solar-Geophysical Activity October 24-November 6, 1968", price (includes Parts 1 & 2) $1.75.
UAG-9 “Data on Cosmic Ray Event of November 18, 1968 and Associated Phenomena", price 55 cents.

UAG-10 "Atlas of Ionograms", price $1.50.

UAG-11 "Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics" (now obsolete).
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1-3) $3.00.
UAG-13 "Data on the Solar Proton Event of November 2, 1969 through the Geomagnetic Storm of November 8-10, 1969, price 50 cents.
UAG-14 "An Experimental, Comprehensive Flare Index and Its Derivation for 'Major' Flares, 1955-1969", price 30 cents.
UAG-15 "Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics" (now obsolete).

UAG-16 "Temporal Development of the Geographical Distribution of Auroral Absorption for 30 Substorm Events in each of IQSY
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UAG-17“Tonospheric Drift Velocity Measurements at Jicamarca, Peru (July 1967-March 1970)", microfiche only, price 45 cents.

UAG-18 "A Study of Polar Cap and Auroral Zone Magnetic Variations", price 20 cents.

UAG-19 “Reevaluation of Solar Flares 1967", price 15 cents.

UAG-20 “Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial. Physics" (now obsolete).

UAG-21 “Preliminary Compilation of Data for Retrospective World Interval July 26 - August 14, 1972", price 70 cents.

UAG-22 “Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices (AE) for 1970", price 75 cents.

UAG-23 “U.R.S.I. Handbook of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction", price $1.75.

UAG-24 "Data on Solar-Geophysical Activity Associated with the Major Ground Level Cosmic Ray Events of 24 January and
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UAG-25 "Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-41 MHz, 9 September 1968 through 9 December 1971",
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UAG-26 "Data Compilation for the Magnetospherically Quiet Periods February 19-23 and November 29 - December 3, 1970",
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UAG-27 "High Speed Streams in the Solar Wind", price 15 cents.

UAG-28 “Collected Data Reports on August 1972’Solar-Terrestrial Events", price (includes Parts 1-3) $4.50.

UAG-29 “Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1968", price 75 cents.

UAG-30 “Catalogue of Data on Solar-Terrestrial Physics", price $1.75.

UAG-31 “Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1969", price 75 cents.

UAG-32 "Synoptic Radio Maps of the Sun at 3.3 mm for the Years 1967-1969", price 35 cents.

UAG-33 “Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (10) for 1967", price 75 cents.

UAG-34 “Absorption Data for the IGY/IGC and IQSY", price $2.00.

UAG-35 "Catalogue of Digital Geomagnetic Variation Data at World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics", price 20 cents.

UAG-36 "An Atlas of Extreme Ultraviolet Flashes of Solar Flares Observed Via Sudden Frequency Deviations During the ATM-SKYLAB
Missions", price 55 cents.

UAG-37 "Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (10) for 1966", price 75 cents.

UAG-38 "Master Station List for Solar-Terrestrial Physics Data at WDC-A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics", price $1.60.

UAG-39 “Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1971", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C. Abston and Leslie D.
Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environmental Data Service, February 1975,
144 pages, price $2.05.

UAG-40 “H-Alpha Synoptic Charts of Solar Activity For the Period of Skylab Observations, May, 1973-March, 1974", by Patrick
S. McIntosh, NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories, February 1975, 32 pages, price 56 cents.

UAG-41 "H~Alpha Synoptic Charts of Solar Activity During the First Year of Solar Cycle 20, October, 1964 - August, 1965",
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UAG-42 "Observations of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission in the Range 7.6-80 MHz 10 December 1971 through 21 March 1975",
by James W, Warwick, George A. Dulk, and Anthony C, Riddle, Department of Astro-Geophysics, University of
Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, April 1975, 49 pages, price $1.15.

UAG-43 "Catalog of Observation Times of Ground-Based Skylab-Coordinated Solar Observing Programs", compiled by Helen E.
Coffey, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, May 1975, 159 pages, price $3.00.

UAG-44 "Synoptic Maps of Solar 9.1 cm Microwave Emission from June 1962 to.August 1973", by Werner Graf and Ronald Ny
Bracewell, Radio Astronomy Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, May 1975, 183 pages,
price $2.55.

UAG-45 “Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1972", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C, Abston and Leslie
D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environmental Data Service, May 1975,
144 pages, price $2.10.

UAG-46 "Interplanetary Magnetic Field Data 1963-1974", by Joseph H. King, National Space Science Data Center, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, June 1975, 382 pages, price $2.95.

UAG-47 "Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE (11) for 1973", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C, Abston and Leslie
D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environmental Data Service, June 1975,
144 pages, price $2.10.



80
80

81
81
81

82
82
82

154
154
154
154

83
83
83

84
84

85
85
85

86
86
86

148
148
148
148

87
87

88
88

88

89
89
89

90
90
90

91
91

92
92
92

95

95
95
95

KANE, J. A., AND J. TROIM (1967), ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF D-REGION ELECTRON
NUMBER DENSITIES AT SUNRISE, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 72, 1118-1129.

KRASNUSHKIN, P. E., AND T. A. KNYAZEVA (1970), DIURNAL, SEASONAL, AND 11-YE
AR VARIATIONS OF THE ELECTRON DENSITY IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, GEOMAG. AERO
N. 16, 789-796.

LAUTER, E. A., AND R. KNUTH (1967), PRECIPITATION OF HIGH ENERGY PARTICLES
INTO THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE AT MEDIUM LATITUDES AFTER MAGNETIC STORMS, J. ATM
OSPH. TERR. PHYS. 29, 411-417.

LEE, B. W., AND T. A. SELIGA (1974), ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF CW ARCA
S ROCKET PROPAGATION EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED DURING THE NOVEMBER 2, 1969 POLA
R CAP ABSORPTION EVENT, TECHNICAL REPORT 3261-1, OHIO STATE UNIV. DEPT. OF
ELECT. ENG., COL. OHIO.

LEE, H. S., AND A. J. FERRARO (1969), WINTER D-REGION ELECTRON CONCENTRATIO
N AND COLLISION FREQUENCY FEATURES OBTAINED WITH HIGH-POWER INTERACTION MEA
SUREMENTS, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 74, 1184-1194.

MAY, B. P. (1966), THE BEHAVIOR OF THE D-REGION AT MID-LATITUDES DURING A S
UDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 28, 553-564.

MECHTLY, E. A. (1972), CHANGES OF ELECTRON DENSITY WITH ZENITH ANGLE, WITH
SUNSPOT CYCLE, AND DURING ECLIPSES, AERON. REPORT NO. 48, (ED. SECHRIST & G
ELLER, UNIV. OF ILL., URBANA, ILL.), 353-358.

MECHTLY, E. A., S. A. BOWHILL, AND L. G. SMITH (1972), CHANGES OF LOWER ION
OSPHERE ELECTRON CONCENTRATIONS WITH SOLAR ACTIVITY, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS.
34, 1899-1967.

MECHTLY, E. A., S. A. BOWHILL, L. G. SMITH, AND H. W. KNOEBEL, (1967) LOWER
IONOSPHERE ELECTRON CONCENTRATION AND COLLISION FREQUENCY FROM ROCKET MEAS
UREMENTS OF FARADAY ROTATION, DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION AND PROBE CURRENT, J.
GEOPHYS. RES. 72, 5239-5246.

MECHTLY, E. A., M. MUKUNDA RAO, D. O. SKAPERDAS, AND L. G. SMITH (1969), LA
TITUDE VARIATIONS OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, RADIO SCI. 4, 517-520.

MECHTLY, E. A., C. F. SECHRIST, JR., AND L. G. SMITH (1972), ELECTRON LOSS
CO-EFFICIENTS FOR THE D-REGION OF THE IONOSPHERE FROM ROCKET MEASUREMENTS D
URING THE ECLIPSES OF MARCH 1976 AND NOVEMBER 1966, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS.
34, 641-646.

MECHTLY, E. A., K. SEINO, AND L. G. SMITH (1969), LOWER IONOSPHERE ELECTRON
DENSITIES MEASURED DURING THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF NOVEMBER 12, 1966, RADIO SC
I., 4, 371-375.

MECHTLY, E. A. AND J. S. SHIRKE (1968), ROCKET ELECTRON CONCENTRATION MEASU
REMENTS ON WINTER DAYS OF NORMAL AND ANOMALOUS ABSORPTION, J. GEOPHYS. RES.
73, 6243-6247.

MECHTLY, E. A., AND L. G. SMITH (1968A), GROWTH OF THE D-REGION AT SUNRISE,
J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 30, 363-369.

MECHTLY, E. A., AND L. G. SMITH (1968B), SEASONAL VARIATION OF THE LOWER IO
NOSPHERE AT WALLOPS ISLAND DURING THE IQSY, J. ATMO. TERR. PHYS. 30, 1555-1
561.

MECHTLY, E. A., AND L. G. SMITH (1976), CHANGES OF LOWER LONOSPHERE ELECTRO
N DENSITIES WITH SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE, RADIO SCI. 5, 1407-1412.

MEGILL, L. R., G. W. ADAMS, J. C. HASLETT, AND E. C. WHIPPLE (1971), MEASUR
EMENT OF THE EFFECTIVE ELECTRON LOSS RATES IN THE D-REGION DURING POLAR CAP
ABSORPTION EVENTS, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 76, 4587-4595

MISYURA, V. A., YU. K. CHASOVITIN, L. V. BEZRODNAYA, N. M. BORODIN, A. A. G
ORDEEV, V. T. DYMSHITZ, YU. G. FROKHIN, G. F. ZASOV, V. I. IVANOV, A. A. MA
RTYNOV, N. N. MASHTALER, E. G. MIZER, L. A. PIVEN, V. A. PODNOS, V. T. ROZU
MENKO, N. P. SVETLICHNY, V. P. TKACH, M. G. TRUKHAN, O. F. TYRNOV, YU. P. F
EDORENKO, L. F. CHEVNOGO, AND I. B. SHELYAG (1976), COMPLEX IONOSPHERIC INV
ESTIGATIONS, SPACE RESEARCH XVI, AKADEMIE-VERLAG, BERLIN, 371-375.

7


Appendix B "CHECK"

This appendix describes the program CHECK, which can be used to cross-check the files DB1 and DB3 to insure that there is a
curve number in DB1 corresponding to each curve number in the digitized data file, DB3, and vice versa.

If a curve identification number appears in DB3 and not DB1, the line 104 will be printed out; if the opposite is the case,
line 105 will be printed out. If either message is printed out for a curve "kK", and K definitely exists in the appropriate file,
a check should be made for duplicate curve identification numbers.

Line 106 will be printed if the files are consistent.

cree

10

108
102
15

20
104
25
30
103
105

106

PROGRAM CHECK (INPUT, OUTPUT, TAPES , TAPE6
PROG TO CROSS-CHECK FILES DB1 AND DB3 FOR CURVE NUMBERS
DIMENSION KURVE (1998) ,ED(16) ,H(19)
TAPES=DBL TAPEG=DB3
Jo
d=I+1
READ(5,109) KURVE(J)
IF (KURVE (J) .NE.9999) GO TO 10
NVeJ=1
FORMAT (I5)
READ (6,102) KN
FORMAT (14)
IF (KN.EQ.9999) GO TO 25
READ (6,103) (ED(I),H(I) ,I=1,6
IF (H(6).NE.9.) GO TO 15
DO 28 2NV
IF(KN.NE.KURVE(I)) GO TO 26
KURVE (I) =-1
Go TO 12
CONTINUE
PRINT 104,KN
FORMAT(/1@X,*THERE IS NO HEADER CARD FOR CURVE NUMBER*,I5)
GO TO 12
DO 30 I=1,NV
IF (KURVE (I) .GT.@) PRINT 105,KURVE(I)
CONTINUE
FORMAT (12F6.2)
FORMAT (/10X,*THERE ARE NO DIGITIZED DATA FOR CURVE NO.*,I5)
PRINT 196
FORMAT (/10X,*THERE IS FULL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE FILES*)
END

23



114
114

115
115
115

116
116
116

117
117
117

118
118

119
119
119

126
120
126

121
121
121

122
122

123
123

124
124

125
125
125

126
126
126
126

127
127
127
127

128
128
128
128

129
129
129
129

138
136
130

131
131
131

ROWE, J. Ne, A. J. FERRARO, AND H. S. LEE (1970), VARIATION OF ELECTRON DEN
SITY IN THE D-REGION, NATURE 226, 1116-1117.

ROWE, J. N., A. J. FERRARO, H. S. LEE, R. W. KREPLIN, AND A. P. MITRA (1978
), OBSERVATIONS OF ELECTRON DENSITY DURING A FLARE, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS. 3
2, 1699-1614.

ROWE, J. N., A. J. FERRARO, H. S. LEE, AND A. P. MITRA (1969), CHANGES IN E
LECTRON DENSITY AND COLLISION FREQUENCY AT UNIVERSITY PARK, PENN., DURING T
HE STRATOSPHERIC WARMING OF 1967-68, J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS. 31, 1977-1084.

SAGALYN, R. C., M. SMIDDY, AND W. P. SULLIVAN (1967), EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIG
ATION OF THE NIGHTTIME E-REGION, SPACE RESEARCH VII, (ED. SMITH-ROSE), 448-
463.

SAGALYN, R. C., AND R. H. WAND (1971), DAYTIME ROCKET AND THOMSON SCATTER S
TUDIES OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 76, 3783-3799.

SECHRIST, C. F., E. A. MECHTLY, AND J. S. SHIRKE (1969), COORDINATED ROCKET
MEASUREMENTS OF THE D-REGION WINTER ANOMALY -~ I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS, J
.« ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 31, 145-153.

SHIRKE, J. S., AND S. N. PRADAN (1974), EQUATORIAL D-REGION INVESTIGATIONS,
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS OF LOWER IONOSPHERE STRUCTURE, (ED. RAE
R), AKADEMIE-VERLAG, BERLIN, 177-181.

SMIDDY, M., AND R. C. SAGALYN (1967), INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA
IN THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE, SPACE RESEARCH VII, (ED. SMITH-ROSE), 428-44
5.

SMITH, L. G. (1963), A DC PROBE FOR ROCKET MEASUREMENTS IN THE IONOSPHERE,
GEOPHYS. CORP. OF AMERICA, TECH. REPORT 63-19-N.

SMITH, L. C. (1966), ROCKET OBSERVATIONS OF SPORADIC E AND RELATED FEATURES
OF THE E-REGION, RADIO SCI., 1, 178-182.

SMITH, L. G. (1978), A SEQUENCE OF ROCKET OBSERVATIONS OF NIGHTTIME SPORADI
CE, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 32, 1247-1257.

SMITH, L. G., C. A. ACCARDO, L. H. WEEKS, AND P. J. MCKINNON (1965), MEASUR
EMENTS IN THE IONOSPHERE DURING THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 29 JULY 1963, J. ATMOS
PH. TERR. PHYS. 27, 883-809.

SMITH, R. A., T. N. R. COYNE, R. C. LOCH, AND I. A. BOURNE (1967), SMALL PE
RTURBATION WAVE INTERACTION IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, PT 3, MEASUREMENTS OF
ELECTRON DENSITIES, GROUND-BASED RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION STUDIES OF THE LOWE
R IONOSPHERE, CONF. PROC., DEFENCE RESEARCH BOARD, CANADA, 335-358.

SOMAYAJULU, Y. V., AND A. C. AIKIN (1969), ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF CHANGES I
N THE IONIZATION IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE AND SOLAR X-RAYS DURING A SOLAR F
LARE EVENT, AERON REPORT NO. 32, (ED. SECHRIST, JR., UNIV. OF ILL., URBANA,
ILL.) , 373-375.

SOMAYAJULU, Y. V., M. B. AVADHANULU, AND K. S. ZALPURI (1974), COMPARISON O
F ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE AT EQUATOR AND MIDLATIT
UDES, METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS OF LOWER IONOSPHERE STRUCTURE (ED.
RAWER), AKADEMIE-VERLAG, BERLIN, 169-176.

SOMAYAJULU, Y. V., M. B. AVADHANULU, K. S. ZALPURI, AND S. C. GARG (1971),
SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF ROCKET SOUNDING OF THE D-REGION AT THE GEOMAGNE
TIC EQUATOR, SPACE RESEARCH XI, LENINGRAD, USSR (ED. KONDVATYEV, RYCROFT, A
ND SAGAN), 1131-1137.

STURGES, D. J. (1973), AN EVALUATION OF IONOSPHERIC PROBE PERFORMANCE -- II
, THE INFLUENCE OF VEHICLE WAKE EFFECTS ON ELECTRON DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENTS, PLANET, SPACE SCI. 21, 1049-1071.

TANENBAUM, B. S., J. H. SHAPIRO, AND J. E. REED (1973), PHASE-DIFFERENCE DI
STRIBUTIONS IN A D-REGION PARTIAL-REFLECTION EXPERIMENT, RADIO SCI. 8, 437-
448,

19

|
|
7



UAG-48A,

UAG-49

UAG-50

UAG-51.

UAG-52

UAG-53

UAG-54

UAG-55

UAG-56

UAG-57

UAG-58

UAG-59

UAG-60

UAG-61

UAG~62

UAG-63

UAG-64

“synoptic Observations of the Solar Corona during Carrington Rotations 1580-1596 (11 October 1971 - 15 January 1973)",
[Reissue with quality images] by R. A. Howard, M. J. Koomen, D, J. Michels, R. Tousey, C. R. Detwiler, D, E,
Roberts, R. T. Seal and J. D. Whitney, E. 0. Hulbert Center for Space Research, NRL, Washington, D. C. 20375
and R. T. and S. F. Hansen, C. J. Garcia and E. Yasukawa, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado
80303, February 1976, 200 pages, price $4.27.

"Catalog of Standard Geomagnetic Variation Data", prepared by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado,
August 1975, 125 pages, price $1.85.

"High-Latitude Supplement to the URSI Handbook on Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction", by W. R. Piggott, British
Antarctic Survey, c/o SRC, Appleton Laboratory, Ditton Park, Slough, England, October 1975, 292 pages, price $4.00.

"Synoptic Maps of Solar Coronal Hole Boundaries Derived from He II 304A Spectroheliograms from the Manned Skylab
Missions", by J. D. Bohlin and D. M. Rubenstein, E. 0. Hulbert Center for Space Research, Naval Research Lab-
oratory, Washington, D. C. 20375 U.S.A., November 1975, 30 pages, price 54 cents.

"Experimental Comprehensive Solar Flare Indices for Certain Flares, 1970-1974", compiled by Helen W. Dodson and
E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, The University of Michigan, 895 Lake Angelus Road North, Pontiac,
Michigan 48055 U.S.A., November 1975, 27 pages, price 60 cents.

"Description and Catalog of Ionospheric F-Region Data, Jicamarca Radar Observatory (November 1966 - April 1969)", by
WoL. Clark and T. E. Van Zandt, Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado 80302 and J. P. McClure, University
of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75230, April 1976, 10 pages, price 33 cents.

"Catalog of Ionosphere Vertical Soundings Data", prepared by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado
80302, April 1976, 130 pages, price $2.10.

"Equivalent Ionospheric Current Representations by a New Method, Illustrated for 8-9 November 1969 Magnetic Disturb-
ances", by Y. Kamide, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado,
Boulder, Colorado 80302 and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701, H. W. Kroeh1,
Data Studies Division, NOAA/EDS/NGSDC, Boulder, Colorado 80302, M. Kanamitsu, Advanced Study Program, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303, J. H. Allen, Data Studies Division, NOAA/EDS/NGSDC,
Boulder, Colorado 80302, and S.-I. Akasofu, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska
99701, April 1976, 91 pages, price $1.60.

"Iso-intensity Contours of Ground Magnetic H Perturbations for the December 16-18, 1971 Geomagnetic Storm", by
Y. Kamide, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder,
Colorado 80302 and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 (currently Guest worker
at Data Studies Division, NOAA/EDS/NGSDC, Boulder, Colorado 80302), April 1976, 37 pages, price $1.39,

"anual on Tonospheric Absorption Measurements", edited by K, Rawer, Institut fiir Physikalische Weltraumforschung,
Freiburg, G.F.R., June 1976, 202 pages, price $4.27.

"ATS6 Radio Beacon Electron Content Measurements at Boulder, July 1974 - May 1975", by R. B. Fritz, Space Environment
Laboratory (currently with Wave Propagation Laboratory), NOAA, Boulder, Colorado 80302 USA, September 1976,
61 pages, price $1.04,

“Auroral Electrojet Magnetic Activity Indices AE(11) for 1974", by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C. Abston and Leslie D.
Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environmental Data Service, December 1976,
144 pages, price §2.16.

“Geomagnetic Data for January 1976 (AE(7) Indices and Stacked Magnetograms)" by J. H. Allen, C. A. Abston and
L. R. Morris, NGSDC/EDS/NOAA, July 1977, 57 pages, price $1.07.

“Collected Data Reports for STIP Interval II 20 March - 5 May 1976", edited by Helen E. Coffey and John A.

Nckinnon, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Environmental Data Service, August 1977,
313 pages, price $2.95.

“Geomagnetic Data for February 1976 (AE(7) Indices and Stacked Magnetograms)" by J. H. Allen, C. A, Abston and
L. R. Morris, NGSDC/EDS/NOAA, September 1977, 55 pages, price $1.11. )

“Geomagnetic Data for March 1976 (AE(7) Indices and Stacked Magnetograns)" by J. H. Allen, C. A. Absto
L. R. Morris, NGSDC/EDS/NOAA, September 1977, 57 pages, price fall y mand

“Geomagnetic Data for April 1976 (AE(8) Indices and Stacked Magneto: "by
L.R. Morris, NGSDC/EDS/NOAA, February 1978. anetoarans)" by J. He AMTens C. A. Abston and

USCOMM-NOAA-ASHEVILLE, NC--8-78-~500



32
32

33
33

34
34

35
35

36
36
36

37
37

38
38
38
38

39
39

40
40
46

41
41
41
41

42
42
42

43
43
43

44
44
44

45
45
45

46
46
46

47
47

151
151
151

48
48
48
48

BEYNON, W. J. G., AND E. R. WILLIAMS (1970), ELECTRON DENSITY IN THE LOWER
IONOSPHERE AND THE WINTER ANOMALY IN HF ABSORPTION, J. ATMOSPH TERR. PHYS.
32, 1325-1329.

BEYNON, W. J. G., AND E. R. WILLIAMS (1976), ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF D-REGIO
N ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 38, 1319-1325

BOOKER, H. G., AND E. K. SMITH (1976), A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IONOSPHERIC M
EASUREMENT TECHNIQUES, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 32, 467-497.

BOURDEAU, R. E., A. C. AIKIN, AND J. L. DONLEY (1966), LOWER IONOSPHERE AT
SUNSPOT MINIMUM, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 71, 727-746.

BREMER, J., AND W. SINGER (1977), DIURNAL, SEASONAL, AND SOLAR CYCLE VARIATI
ONS OF ELECTRON DENSITIES IN THE I[ONOSPHERIC D- AND E-REGIONS, J. ATMOSPH.
TERR. PHYS. 39, 25-34.

CARTWRIGHT, D. G. (1964), A 19-KILOCYCLE PER SECOND DOPPLER OBSERVATION OF
THE INTERMEDIATE LAYER OF THE NIGHTTIME IONOSPHERE, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 69, 48
31-4935.

CHASOVITIN, YU. K., V. G. KHRYUKIN, N. P., DANILKIN, P. F. DENISENKO, AND Y
U. N. FAJER (1976), CONCENTRATION AND COLLISION FREQUENCY OF ELECTRONS FROM

80 TO 250 KM., SPACE RESEARCH XVI, COSPAR, ED M. J. RYCROFT, AKADEMIE~VERL
AG, BERLIN, 365-370.

COLE, A. R., A. J. FERRARO, AND W. S. LEE (1969), COMPARISON OF TWO GROUND-B
ASED D-REGION EXPERIMENTS, NATURE 222, 761-763.

COYNE, T. N. R., AND J. S. BELROSE (1972A), THE DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIAT
ION OF ELECTRON DENSITIES IN THE MIDLATITUDE D-REGION UNDER QUIET CONDITION
S, RADIO SCI. 7, 163-174.

COYNE, T. N. R.«, AND J. S. BELROSE (1972B), THE DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIAT
ION OF ELECTRON DENSITIES IN THE MIDLATITUDE D-REGION UNDER QUIET CONDITION
S, AERON. REPORT NO. 48, (ED. SECHRIST AND GELLER, U. OF ILL., URBANA, ILL.
), 342-352.

CROUSE, P. E. (1964), METHODS FOR OBTAINING ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES FROM
CAPACITIVE IONOSPHERIC ROCKET PROBES, PENN STATE IONOS. RESEARCH LAB. SCI.
REPORT NO. 208.

DA SILVA, L. C., AND S. A. BOWHILL (1974), AN EVALUATION OF THE PARTIAL-REF
LECTION TECHNIQUE AND RESULTS FROM THE WINTER 1971-1972 D-REGION, AERON. RE
PORT NO. 63, AERON. LAB., UNIV. OF ILL., URBANA, ILL

DEAN, W. A. (1972), ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES FOR THE 1969 PCA EVENT, PROCE
EDINGS OF COSPAR SYMPOSIUM ON SOLAR PARTICLE EVENT OF NOVEMBER 1969, AFCRL
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 144, 291-395.

DEEKS, D. G. (1966), D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN MIDDLE LATI
TUDES DEDUCED FROM THE REFLECTION OF LONG RADIO WAVES, PROC. ROY. SOC. A. 2
91, 413-437.

DENNY, B. W., AND S. A. BOWHILL (1973), PARTIAL REFLECTION STUDIES OF D-REG
ION WINTER VARIABILITY, AERON REP. NO. 56, AERON. LAB., UNIV. OF ILL., URBA
NA, ILL.

DERBLOM, H., AND L. LADELL (1973), D-REGION PARAMETERS AT HIGH LATITUDES OB
TAINED FROM ROCKET EXPERIMENTS, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 35, 2123-2136.

DICKINSON, P. H. G., J. E. HALL, AND F. D. G. BENNETT (1976), ROCKET MEASUR
EMENT OF ELECTRON CONCENTRATION IN THE LOWER LONOSPHERE AT TWO EUROPEAN STA
TIONS, J. ATMOSP. TERR. PHYS. 38, 163-173.

DIEMINGER, W., G. ROSE, AND H. U. WIDDEL (1974), IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF EL
ECTRON CONCENTRATION, NEUTRAL WIND AND AIR PRESSURE COMPARED WITH THE WINTE
R ANOMALY, METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS OF LOWER IONOSPHERE STRUCTUR
E, (ED. RAWER), AKADEMIE-VERLAG, BERLIN, 341.

14


Table 3. Phenomena corresponding to the "special case" parameter listed in column N of Table 5. NOTE: The
descriptions are those given by the individual authors and some are equivalent or have the same causal
mechanism.

Parameter Physical Descri
1 Solar eclipse
2 Solar flare
3 Solar X-ray event
4 Sudden ionospheric disturbance
5 Winter anomaly day
6 Midlatitude particle precipitation
7 Solar proton event/solar cosmic ray event
8 Polar cap absorption
9 Auroral absorption
10 Daytime absorption event
ll Polar substorm
12 Polar radio blackout
13 Auroral arc conditions



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29


Operation of "SELECT"

7LGO
? 4876 3 4 13111301230 40 808650 93601511 156 115600 i
37 61 3 71200 69 45 284 1111 25 @
38 61 3 81200 69 45 284 1111 25 a
495 62 3 81200 46 45 284 1111 20 0
492 62 3 91206 49 45 284 1111 20 6
494 62 3 22 1200 49 45 284 1111 2 8
493 62 3 23 1200 40 45 284 1111 20 a
496 62 330 1200 4@ 45 284 1111 20 8
457 71 3271200 74 45 284 1111 41 o

THERE ARE 8 CURVES SATISFYING THE GIVEN CONDITIONS

/EDIT, TAPE7 ;
BEGIN TEXT EDITING.

? L732
37
1,32 59.77 1.47 61.56 1.68 62.49 1,99 63.41 2.10 64.33 2.26 65.54
2.37 66.45 2.43 67.93 2.41 70.28 2.35 72.32 2.40 74.18 2.48 76.47
2.53 77,95 2.58 79.71 2.57 81.48 2.68 83.27 2.73 83.87 0.00 6.00
38
2.17 65.64 2.27 66.55 2.38 68.95 2.46 69.84 2.39 72.17 2.38 74.23
2.50 77.79 2.59 79.88 2.67 81.37 2.77 82.88 2.90 84.09 0.00 6.09
492
1.39 54,32 1.48 59.32 1.70 65.53 1.98 69.07 2.18 71.61 2.35 74.19
2.42 75.78 2.45 77.16 2.49 79.39 2.63 81.74 2.88 83.90 3.61 85.11 |
3.02 85.95 2.96 88.33 3.09 89.27 3.28 99.67 3.47 91.22 9.00 0.00

1,29 52.07 1.47 53.76 1.64 55.47 1.99 58.73 2.02 62.52 1.98 65.46
2.06 68.17 2.19 69.37 2.46 70.73 2.31 72.31 2.25 74.70 2.36 77.07
2.50 78.27 2.64 80.02 0.08 9.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 6.06 6.09 0.00

1,22 53.61 1.32 56.31 1.48 57.46 1.58 60.71 1.73 63.92 1.98 65.60
2.07 67.00 2.24 68.72 2.31 69.74 2.33 71.99 2.39 75.32 2.41 77.28
2.39 79.60 2.57 81.86 2.86 83.47 2.99 84.57 3.21 85.62 3.40 87.30
3.46 88.90 3.28 90.35 3.16 99.83 6.90 0.00 9.00 6.00 0.00 9.00
495

1.47 55.80 1.62 58.16 1.73 59.72 1.83 62.73 1.92 63.74 2.63 66.45
2.19 79.51 2.29 74.69 2.39 76.55 2.54 78.33 2.65 80.18 2.73 84.36
2,81 85.96 2.96 87.18 0.00 0.00 9.06 6.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 o.00
496

1.41 51.29 1.57 55.39 1.68 56.68 1.92 58.62 2.11 61.80 2.17 64.02
2.20 67.17 2.32 71.33 2.45 73.72 2.52 75.64 2.49 78.00 2.46 78.92
2.57 81.36 2.82 84.16 2.98 87.96 2.95 89.75 3.23 96.77 3.46 91.86
9.00 0.09 0.08 0.00 0.00 9.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.00 9.008
457

2.01 62.81 2.17 64.84 2,32 68.63 2.49 73.02 2.67 77.42 2.82 79.25
2.93 81.06 2.99 82.66 0.00 0.09 5.00 0.00 6.00 6.00 0.09 9.00

|
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|
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|

CURVE
uo y
% |
s 493
z |
100 496 |
457 |
“ |
|

MK

ALTITUDE (KM)
8
IN

|
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|

tt

a
LOG ELECTRON CONCENTRATION (N/CC)

26



Collision Frequency Profiles

Column K of Table 5 (Part II) lists the number of the profile of collision frequency versus height.
Table 2 identifies each of these collision frequency profile numbers by giving the journal or report .
reference (with figure or page number) from which the profile was extracted. Within Table 2, numbers in
parentheses denote page numbers; letters in parentheses denote seasons.

Each electron density profile has associated with it a collision profile that could be (a) the
profile assumed by the authors in reducing their observational data, (b) the profile deduced by the
authors in a parallel study, or (c) the profile that could reasonably be associated with the particular
electron density profile.

All methods of observation do not require a prior or assumed knowledge of the collision profile.
Some methods can use an assumed profile in lieu of one that could have been deduced by those methods.
Again, some authors do not describe the profile they have used in their analysis. For these reasons,
and because of the possible alternatives given above, the listed collision profiles have not been
digitized, and their association with electron density profiles should be treated with caution. Special
attention should be given to collision profile 20, which has been associated with most rocket profiles.

Many of the collision profiles listed, including profile 20, have been calculated assuming pro~
portionality between the most probable collision frequency, vm, and the atmospheric gas pressure as
determined from an atmospheric model. The basis of this method is given by Thrane and Piggott [1966].
These authors also point out the need to introduce an effective collision frequency, veff, which should
be permitted to vary from 3/2vm to 5/2vm [see also Belrose and Segal; 1974]. Collision profiles so
calculated show the normal seasonal and latitudinal changes included in the model atmosphere. It is not
clear that all authors have considered the collision profile correctly in their density determinations.

When there is any doubt about the collision frequency profile to be associated with a particular
electron density profile, the above procedure is recommended. Although in some cases this will mean
that the collision and density profiles are no longer consistent with the raw observational data, the
errors so introduced probably are not significant

It should be noted that the assumed proportionality between vm and the gas pressure has recently
been questioned by Dickinson et al. [1976], who found that a proportionality between vm and gas density
better fits their measured seasonal variations of vm,

Profiles Obtained Under Special Conditions

Over 100 of the present profiles have been obtained under unusual ionospheric conditions. For
example, profiles 922, 518, and 523 were obtained during sudden ionospheric disturbances. These parti-
cular profiles are characterized by a "special case parameter" of 4, and may be easily retrieved using
that parameter.

Thirteen special cases have been identified and these are described in Table 3. Note that the
descriptions are those given by the individual authors, and some are equivalent or have the same causal
mechanism.

Because it is the time from the onset of a special event, rather than the local time, that often
is important, it is recommended that the special case parameter be treated mainly as a flag to indicate
a special event. The original journal should then be referred to, especially as this will usually help
to identify an appropriate undisturbed profile in files DB1 and DB3.

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to acknowledge the willing cooperation of Mr. R.M. Davis, Jr., and Mr. L.A. Berry
NOAA Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, N.T.1.A. All profiles were digitized by Mr. M. Martinez,
DS.

References
BELRQSE, J. S. and 1974 "On the interpretation of CW propagation data for long radio
B. SEGAL waves," in Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower
Fgnosphere Structure, K. Rawer, Ed. (Akademi-Verlag, Berlin),
DAVIS, R. M. and 1977 "A revised model of the electron density in the lower ionosphere,"
L. A. BERRY Defense Communications Agency Command and Control Technical

Center Technical Report, TR 111-77, 58 pp.

|
|

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‘1
t
i]
|
|



in this file is more or less random, corresponding to the order in which the profiles were extracted
from the literature. The curve identification numbers, themselves, are also random, although they
generally increase chronologically. Curves with numbers >800 were introduced by the present author;
lower numbers are given to data collected by Davis and Berry [1977].

File DB1, which is tabulated in full in Table 5, Part II, provides index information concerning
each profile. Files DB1 and DB3 are related via the unique curve identification numbers. The columns
of Table 5:and their computer formats are as follows:

COLUMN FORMAT PARAMETER

A. 15 Curve identification number
B, 13 Year
. 13 Month
. 13 Day
Local time (hours, minutes)
Monthly average sunspot number
Latitude of station
East longitude of station
Method of observation
1, Partial reflection
2. Rocket
3. Wave interaction
4. LF-VLF reflection
5. Other, e.g., incoherent scatter
J. 12 Magnetic index
1. Quiet (approx. Ap <25)
2, Disturbed ~
13 Collision frequency profile (see Table 2

a
S

mn
a
i

premamoo
ma
Das
He

8

K.

ee! Reference number (see list of references, Part III)
M, AS Figure number in reference
Ne 13 Special case parameter (see Table 3)

The "method of observation" and "magnetic index" classifications listed above are very coarse.
For example, “partial reflection" could be subdivided into differential absorption and differential
phase experiments. However, such subdivisions are left to those readers requiring them,

In some cases, the month number or day number is given as zero. This indicates that the given
profile is an average profile over the year or month. Note that not all average profiles can be so
identified--averages over several days or hours are represented by average day or hour numbers,

File DB2 (see Part III) contains a full list of the references from which electron density or col-
lision frequency profiles were obtained. Files DB1 and DB2 can be associated with each other by use
of the reference number (column L of DB1). The references are ordered alphabetically.

Accuracy of Electron Density Profiles

Electron density profiles are subject to errors from different sources. At the very least, there
are errors associated with the experimental method itself. Although there are no reliable estimates
of these uncertainties, estimates for near-optimum conditions have been given by Thrane [1974]. How-
ever, Thrane's estimates for the incoherent scatter technique are not applicable to the Arecibo pro-
files given by Ioannides and Farley (ref, 73). The uncertainties associated with the CW propagation
methods have been discussed by Belrose and Segal [1974], and those associated with uncalibrated rocket
probe measurements by Oyama and Hirao [1976]. A comparison of the different techniques and their prob-
able errors has also been made by Sechrist [1974].

Some of the profiles given here have undoubtedly been discarded or revised by the experimenter
‘in subsequent work. No attempt has been made to search the literature for all such cases.

There also are errors introduced by the digitization process. However, all digitized profiles

have been checked at two densities, and any digitizing errors are expected to be much less than the
experimental errors.



152
152

153
153
153

49
49

58
50

51
51
51
51

52
52
52

53
53

53
54
54
54

55
55

56
56

146
146
146
57
57
58
58
58
59
59

60
60
68

61
61
62
62
62
63

63
63

EDWARDS, B. (ED) (1977), RESEARCH IN AERONOMY OCTOBER 1, 1976-MARCH 31, 197
7, PROGRESS REPORT NO. 77-1, AERON. LAB., UNIV. OF ILL., URBANA, ILL.

FALCON, G. D. (1975), INVESTIGATION OF AURORALLY DISTURBED IONOSPHERES USIN
G THE PARTIAL REFLECTION TECHNIQUE, HAES REPORT NO. 37, DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGE
NCY REPORT NO. DNA3943F.

FALCON, G. D., AND R. M. DAVIS, JR. (1976), RESULTS OF LOWER IONOSPHERIC ME
ASUREMENTS USING THE PARTIAL-REFLECTION SOUNDER DURING ICECAP "74, HAES REP
ORT NO. 44,

FEJER, J. A. (1955), THE INTERACTION OF PULSED RADIO WAVES IN THE IONOSPHER
E, J. ATMOSP. TERR. PHYS. 7, 322-332.

FERRARO, A. J. AND H. S. LEE (1966), ELECTRON DENSITY AND COLLISION FREQUEN
CY MEASUREMENTS OF THE D-REGION WITH RADIO WAVE PHASE AND AMPLITUDE INTERAC
TION, ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES IN THE IONOSPHERE AND EXOSPHERE, (ED. FRIHA
GEN), NORTH-HOLLAND, AMSTERDAM, 69-82.

FERRARO, A. J., H. S. LEE, AND D. J. COHEN (1972), A COMPARISON OF TWO GROU
ND~BASED TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITIES, PT-I, ABRON.
REPORT NO. 48, (ED SECHRIST & GELLER, UNIV. OF ILL., URBANA. ILL.) 320-325.

FERRARO, A. J., H. S. LEE, N. ROWE, AND A. P. MITRA (1974), AN EXPERIMENTAL

AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE D-REGION, 1. MID-LATITUDE D-REGION ELECTRON D
ENSITY PROFILES FROM THE RADIO WAVE INTERACTION EXPERIMENT, J. ATMOSPH. TER
R. PHYS. 36, 741-754.

FOLKESTAD, K., B. LANDMARK, G. SKOVLI, AND J. KANE (1969), RESULTS OF ROCKE
T MEASUREMENTS IN THE LOWER AURORAL IONOSPHERE, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 31,
835-844.

GARDNER, F. F., AND J. L. PAWSEY (1953), STUDY OF THE IONOSPHERIC D-REGION
USING PARTIAL REFLECTION, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 3, 321-344.

GREGORY, J. B., AND A. H. MANSON (1967), MESOSPHERIC ELECTRON NUMBER DENSIT
IES AT 35 DEGREES S LATITUDE, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 72, 1973-1980.

GREGORY, J. B., AND A. H. MANSON (1969), SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF ELECTRON DE
NSITIES BELOW 16@ KM AT MID-LATITUDES-I. DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION MEASUREME
NTS, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 31, 683-762.

GREGORY, J. B., AND A. H. MANSON (1969), SEASONAL VARIATION OF ELECTRON DEN
SITITES BELOW 10% KM AT MID-LATITUDES - II, ELECTRON DENSITITES AND ATMOSPH
ERIC CIRCULATION, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 31, 763-729.

GRUSCHWITZ, E. -H. (1974), MODEL INVESTIGATIONS OF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION IN
THE LOWER IONOSPHERE TO DETERMINE ELECTRON DENSITIES FROM MF PULSE SOUNDIN
G, RADIO SCI. 9, 659-667.

HALE, L. C. (1974), POSITIVE IONS IN THE MESOSPHERE, METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
S AND RESULTS OF LOWER IONOSPHERE STRUCTURE, (ED. RAWER), AKADEMIE-VERLAG B
ERLIN, 219.

HALE, L. C., D. P. HOULT, AND D. C. BAKER (1968), A SUMMARY OF BLUNT PROBE
THEORY AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS, IN SPACE RESEARCH VIII, PROCEEDINGS OF THE
TENTH PLENARY MEETING OF COSPAR, LONDON, 25-28.

HALL, J. E. (1973), LOWER IONOSPHERE ELECTRON DENSITIES FROM ROCKET MEASURE
MENTS EMPLOYING LF RADIO PROPAGATION AND DC PROBE TECHNIQUES, PLANET. SPACE
SCI. 21, 119-131.

HALL, J. E., AND K. BULLOUGH (1963), A ROCKET-BORNE LOW-FREQUENCY PROPAGATI
ON EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITIES, NATURE 206, 642-644

HALL, J. E., AND J. FOOKS (1965), THE ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION IN THE QUIET D-
REGION DERIVED FROM ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF LOW-FREQUENCY PROPAGATION. PLAN
ET. SPACE SCI. 13, 1013-1030.

15

|

.
if


Table 1, Part of the File DB3, showing the first seven digitized profiles.
themselves on a line are the curve identification numbers.
density (per cc) and the height (in km).

Table 2.

NOTE: The last log density point is always followed by 0.80.
in each line is an artifact of the digitizing program.

The three-digit numbers appearing by
The paired entries are, respectively, log

The extraneous 0.00 value at the 13th position
The formats are 12F6.2 for the digitized points and

14 for the curve numbers. The file is terminated by a curve identification number of 9999,

257

65.16
76.67

86.85
95.02
63.99

72.51
78.22

64.01
76.39
75.58

62.33
67.03
74.17
78.84

81.47
93.52

68.42
85.74

1.80 64.15 1.92 65.37
2.55 77.01 2.75 79.57
3.67 90.75 0.00

Journal reference and figure number for each
numbers are identified on pp. 12-20, Part III

2.58

1.78
2.24
2.35
5.08

2.12
2.57

2.94

66.15
79.34
88.18
96.19
65.21
73.72
78.71
65.16

76.31

72.89

68.56
82.12

67.48
81.52
88.85
97.18

66.32
74.82

2.31 66.42
2.38 72.07
2.63 76.92

1.87 63.82
2.27 68.98
2.44 76.61

2.14 86.30
2.76 95.53

1.66 76.60

2.08 70.43
3.16 85.21

2.91
3.17
4.39
5.17

2.29
2.53

2.33
2.39
2.67

1.98
2.28
2.52

2.23
3.38

69.31
83.19
96.51
98.69

68.02
75.31

67.26
72.91
77.76

64.94
76.55
76.87

89.11
96.75

79.26

73.16
87.64

collision frequency profile.

2.97
3.34
4.59
0.08

2.35
2.55

2.35
2.44
2.73

2.96
2.28
2.61

NOTE:

71.15
84.36
92.85

69.72
76.40

68.35
73.88
78.62

65.92
71.75
77,86

91.24
97.60

82.09

74.86
89.54

Journal reference

6.00
9.00
6.00

8.00
8.00

0.00
6.08
9.00

5.00
0.08
6.68

s 0 Below, numbers in parentheses denote pages rather
than figures; letters in parentheses denote seasons. ,

Coll. profile Reference Figure Coll. profile Reference
1 136 ja 29 23
2 136 db 30 151
3 31A 2(E) 31 72
4 26 1 32 63
5 26 1 33 154
6 55 15 34 126
7 147 222 35 18
8 10 3 36 62
9 45 1 a7 131

10 150 3.14(S) 38 42
u 23 6 39 24
12 5 1 40 40
13 146 5(S) 4. 133
cu) 74 u(s) 42 50
15 81 u(S) 43 30
16 51 4 44 156
wv M45 2(S) 45 -

18 136 Ic 46 81
19 136 le a7 145
20 148 4 48 -

ra 56 3 49 49
22 76 1 50 -

23 9 1 51 -

24 113 (7) 52 36
25 83 13 53 36
26 74 LW) 54 36
27 149 4(S) 55 146
28 149 a(w) 56 146

Figure

6

(71)

6

16



Appendix A "SELECT"

This appendix describes the use of the program SELECT, which can be used to bring together all of those profiles satisfying
given conditions. This is achieved by specifying the lower and upper limits of the 12 identifying parameters described in the
list on page 2. (The curve identification number and figure number are not considered because they have no physical significance.)

For example, all profiles obtained in the (northern) summer, between 1130 and 1230 LT (local time), at low sunspot number
(<50), at midlatitudes (20<latitude<50), for magnetically quiet conditions, and for a normal undisturbed ionosphere, may be

Yetrieved by inputting the following numbers in the appropriate format:

4876 All years from 1948 to 1976 are to be considered.
0508 All months from May to August, inclusive, are to be considered.
0031 Al] days of the month, including monthly average profiles (day=0), are to be
considered,
11301230 A11 curves between 1130 and 1230 LT, inclusive, are to be considered.
000050 Sunspot numbers 0 to 50, inclusive, are to be considered,
2050 Latitude range from 20 to 50 degrees is to be considered,
000360 All longitudes are to be considered,
15 All methods (1 to 5) are to be considered.
lL Only magnetically quiet days are to be considered.
0156 All collision frequency profiles are to be considered.
001156 All literature references are to be considered.
00 Only undisturbed profiles are to be considered (i.e., no special cases).

The program also will retrieve any Southern Hemisphere data obtained during November-February, the local summer.

The program will print out the lines of DB1 corresponding to the profiles satisfying the given conditions and count the
number of such profiles. It will then read the digitized data file, DB3, profile by profile, and write to the file TAPE7 the data

for each curve satisfying the given conditions. The appropriate curves in DB3 are found by use of the curve identification
numbers .

The use of SELECT on a CDC-6600 in an interactive mode is illustrated below,

. Note that the order of the profiles is differ-
ent in DB1 and DB3.

/FTN, I=DSELECT,L=0
T

+340 CP SECONDS COMPILATION TIME
/GET, TAPE5=DB1, TAPE6=DB3
/LGO

487605080031 1130123000005020500003601511015600115600
0 B45 284 1°19

55 62 6 1200 3: 11 0
503 62 6 13 1200 38 45 284 1111 20 0
504 62 6 18 1200 38 45 284 1111 20 0
505 62 6 19 1200 38 45 284 1111 20 0
502 62 6 20 1200 38 45 284 1111 20 0
506 62 6 21 1200 38 45 284 1111 20 0
56 62 7 0 1200 37 45 284 1111 15 0
57 62 7 0 1200 37 45 284 1111 19 0
6162 8 0 1200 35 45 284 1111 7h 0
127 64 6 0 1200 10 40 o 4G 9 45 0
126 64 § 0 1200 10 40 50 4115 81 0
125 64 8 26 1200 10 37 284 21 20 35 0
204 65 6 26 1200 15 45 284 1111 29 0
228 66 5 15 1151 41 38 23 2122 76 0
978 70 5 01200 41 ko 277 1110 46 0
979 70 6 0 1200 39 40 271 1110 46 )
980 70 7 0 1200 37 40 271 1110 46 0
THERE ARE 17 CURVES SATISFYING THE GIVEN CONDITIONS

7.883 CP SECONDS EXECUTION TIME

EDIT, TAPET
BEGIN TEXT EDITING.
2 1320
125,
2.83 65.87 2.89 67.97 3.05 70.03 3.14 76.15
3-11 77.89 3.06 80.22 3.08 81.75 3.62 85.41
3.92 86.27 3.99 87.21 4.12 88.71 4161 93.93
4.83 95.78 4.91 96.52 4.89 96.91 00100.72
5.03102.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
228
2.37 70.54 2.68 73.23 2.87 75.74 85.05
3.39 85.61 3.75 85.96 3.97 88.27 94.22
4192 95.95 5.15 97.29 0:00 0:00 0.00
126
+13-45.89 40 47.03.79 49.33 1.72 58.93
1.97 63.63 2.00 67.46 2.45 70.93 3.00 80.89
3.39 84.07 3.75 86.97 4.14 90.45 0.00 0.00
56
1.68 53.66 1.79 57.06 1.86 58.82 2.27 64.26
2.35 67.54 2.42 70.39 2.49 74.32 2.70 81.77
2.76 82.87 2.85 84.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
204
1.15 48.83 1.47 50.70 1,80 54.56 2.12 61.74
? END

ai



REPORT UAG-67

WORLD DATA CENTER A

for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics

IONOSPHERIC D-REGION PROFILE DATA BASE |

A collection of computer-accessible experimental profiles of the D and lower E regions

sy

AUGUST 1978



Table 5. Complete chronological listing of the File DB1. The parameters of each column are described on page 1 of Part f. i
I
Tak Lom ON AB CD — F & wooTd K LOM ON I
4115 81 4 @ 6162 8 6120 35 45.4 llllio7 6 6
4115 81 4 @ 58 62 811 1450 35 60.0 1131 765.3 @
429 84 2 @ 5962 815 650 35 -31.2 4132 63 12 o
42 9 84 2 60 62 818 89 35 69.3 2214 77 6 9
41411330 2 6262 9 G@128 33 45.4 1ill 153.6 o |
4141133 2 6 67 6211 9129 36 45.4 1lilill i9 10 ® he
41411330 2 © 65 6211 7 525 30 37.9 2120122 2.4
4141133 20 o 66 62 11 39 557 39 37.9 2129 1222.4 @ I
4141133 2 @ 68 6212 51768 36 37.9 2120122 2.4 6 i
41411330 20 6 497 6212 8126 36 45.4 11lill 28 4 6
4241133 20 8 69 62 1211 427 36 69.3 2226 77 1 9
4141133 2 6 78 6212 14 2152 38 69.3 2226 77 19 9
216 55 17 @ 498 6212 1812.9 30 45.4 2111 20 4 @
216 55 17) 6 71 63 2 27 1430 30 037.9 2126122 2.4 6 l
3142 50 4 o 7263 3 8 959 38 37.9 2129 2 4 @
5128116 1 @ 73.63 4 91539 29 37:9 2129 5 4 6
419 45 5 @ 7463 412 630 29 37.9 2120 37 1 6 I
419 45 7 8 94763 720153 28 58.8 21 1125 130 1 i
41 8 16 7 G 948 63 7 20 1619 28 58.8 21.1125 13° @
227 14 9 9 8263 726165 28 58.8 2138 42 17 o
419 4 7 o 86 63 912 720 27 69.3 2214 74 3 9
3131 72 6 12 87 63 10 25 200 26 58.8 1111 22 2 0
3131 72 9 12 88 63.10 31120 26 30.4 2120117 3 @
1131 72 6 12 986311 4119 24 -30.5 3134126 9 @
2131 72 6 12 15164 6 6 GG 12 58.8 2111 19 16 6
213i 72 6 12 52164 @ 6158 8 37.9 2120 86 5 6
3.131 72 11 12 9464 1 8 10930 19 46.8 3116 51 6 @
2131 72 6 12 9564 1 91136 19 49.8 3116 51 6 @
2111 23 14 6 9364 1 8126 20 40.8 3116 51 5
317 13 5 8 96 64 1 61238 19 40.8 3116 51 6
317 12 5 @ 9764 1 6 1336 19 40.8 3116 51 6 @
317 13 5 6 9864 218128 18 40.8 3116 51 5 oO
327 13 5 @ 101 64 3 o 2126 74 3 @
31713 5 @ 561 64 3 6 l1lil4 64 2 6
31 7 130 9 @ 556 64 3 @ 4145 45 3 6
317 13 5 @ 107 64 3 @ 419 45 7 @
317 13 5 8 i968 64 3 9 419 45 3 @
317 13 5 6 109 64 3 @ 419 4 3 96
317 1305 @ 165 64 3 6 Liil 22 5 @
317 13 5 @ 102 64 3 0 1114 64 2 @
lil 7 130 9 @ 11g 64 3 @ 419 45 3 6
2120144 1 6 19364 3 6 1114 64 2 @
317 1309 8 16464 3 @ lili 22 5 @
2111 14 4 8 1164 3 6 419 45 3 9
lil 14 4 99.64 3 2226 74 3 9
2ill 14 4 6 469 64 3 2226 74 3 9
211 25 5 6 ji264 4 2120 92 1 @
lili 25 5 @ 127 64 6 419 45 4 6
2111 23 14 8 413 64 6 3134126 9 @
dill 14 9 6 iia 64 6 3134126 9 @
2ilil i@o9 9 115 64 6 3134126 9 6
2211 14 9 9 416 64 6 3134126 9 9o
2120123 5 8 19664 7 211i 22 5 6
42136 62 4 8 129 64 7 l1lil 22 5 6
Pid 22 19 @ 421 64 7 lili 22 5 6
Vlir 22 19 @ 315 4 3 2129 91 1 6
Lill 22 19 6 339 64 9 2120 91 2 6
Tijil 22 19 @ 335 60 3 2120 19 12 6
lil 22 19 6 339 84 3 212 91 5 @
2120 24 14 6 455 64 3 1114 64 1 a
2111 19 16 6 453 64 8 l1li4 64 1 o
Lill 153.6 8 126 64 8 4115 81 2 @
1111 19 10 6 424 64 8 1114 64 1 @
1120 92 8 S 135 64 3 2120 35 8 @
2111 92 8 6 129 64 9 111136 8 6
1111 20 4 8 12864 9 3134126 9 0@
lill 20 4 @ 473 64 9 3.134126 9 6
2111 20 4 6 47464 9 3134126 9 @
5162 1 6129 45 45.4 211] 19 16 8 139 64 10 3118136 4 @
484 62 218 915 42 64.9 5128104 6 9 131 64 10 3118136 4 6
486 62 218 1055 42 64.9 5128104 6 9 132 64 16 3118136 4 @
485 62 221 85 42 64.9 5128104 6 9 133 64 19 3118136 4 @
487 62 223 140 42 64.9 5128104 6 9 134 64 10 3118136 4 @
559 62 223 440 42 64.9 5128104 6 9 135 64 16 3118136 4 9@
560 62 223 825 42 64.9 5128104 6 9 136 6419 3118136 4 @
5462 3 9120 40 45.4 2111 153.6 9 137 6410 3118136 4 @
92262 3 11147 40 45.4 211i] 14° °8 4 138 64 18 3118136 4 #6
495 62 3 8120 40 45.4 Lill 26 4 6 139 64 10 3118136 4 @
49262 3 9120 40 45.4 Lill 20 4 6 149 64 19 3118136 4 @
494 62 3.22129 49 45.4 liil 20 4 6 141 64 16 2120123 11 6
493 62 323126 49 45.4 Lill 20 4 6 142 64 19 2120123 12 6
496 62 330129 40 45.4 Tiil 26 -4 68 143 64 16 2211140 3 9
55 62 6 6129 38 45.4 2iil 19 16 6 144 64 16 27129 19 58.8 265.8 2211140 3 9
503 62 613120 38 45.4 2ijl 20 4 6 145 6411 19 1529 19 37.9 264.521 28 92 4 0
504.62 618129 38 45.4 2li1 260° 4 6 146 6411 23127 lo 37:9 284:5 2128 35 8 @
505 62 619129 38 45.4 dill 20 4 6 1486412 8 6 12 46:0 01941 °9 4 7 @
502 62 6 20129 38 45.4 2111 20 4 8 1476412 6109 19 37.9 28451128 92 8 o
506 62 6 21129 38 4574 2lill 20 4 6 1496412 61208 12 40:0 01641°9 45 4 g
5662 7 6120 37 45.4 2111 153.6 9 15964 6 9 @9 12 58:8 265:82211 19 16 9
5762 7 @ 126 37 45.4 284.1111] 19 16 ® 57965 1 6 620 14 56.9 10:64154 36 6 @
8



___ Table 4 gives the distribution of the profiles by observation station, ordered by absolute value of the latitude.
is a complete listing of the index to the profiles as given in file DB1.
may be generated using the program SORTDB described in Appendix F.

PART II.

INDEXES TO PROFILES

Table 4. Distribution of experimental profiles by station.
Only those stations with five or more profiles are
included.

LATITUDE LONGITUDE STATION NUMBER
8.6 76.9 THUMBA 4
18.5 293.2 ARECIBO 5

19.3 17 TSUMEB 14

=30.5 151.5 ARMIDALE 14

~32.0 308.0 CASSINO 8
35.2 25.0 CRETE 24
37.1 353.3 ARENOSILLO 9
37.9 284.5 WALLOPS I. 56
40.1 271.8 URBANA 24
40.8 282.1 UNIVERSITY PARK 82
42.4 287.7 QUABBIN RESERVOIR 5
45.4 284.1 OTTAWA 80
48.8 44.5 VOLVOGRAD 5
51.5 359.4 ENGLAND 9
52.1 387.7 MALVERN 5
57.4 362.6 SOUTH UIST 29
58.8 265.8 CHURCHILL 47
60.0 11 KJELLER W
64.9 212.1 COLLEGE 6
65.3 212.1 CHENA 55

69.0 39.0 SYOWA 5
69.3 16.0 ANDOYA 22
69.5 19.3 LAVANGADALEN 6
69.7 19.0 TROMSO 7
74.7 265.1 RESOLUTE BAY 7

Table 5

The order in this is chronological — any other order
For column identifications, see page 2.



200
210

301

220

304

19

35

49
50

60
169

Appendix E "HISTDB" (continued)

READ IN THE HEADER CARDS ONE BY ONE
K=0

READ (5,361) (PAR(I),I=1,15)

IF (PAR(1) .EQ.9999.) GO TO 259

FORMAT (F5.8,4F3.0,F2.0,F4.0,2F6.1,F2.0,F2.6,3.0,F4.0,A5,F3.9)
CHANGE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE SEASONS
IF(PAR(8).GE.0.) GO TO 220

PAR (3) =PAR(3)+6

IF(PAR(3) .GT.12) PAR(3)=PAR(3)-12

CONTINUE

PAR (8) =ABS (PAR (8) )

PAR(5)=PAR(5)+PAR(6)/69.

K=K+1

VAL (K) =PAR (IK)

GO TO 218

ALL DATA READ IN .. CALCULATE HISTOGRAM
CONTINUE

KKKK=K/10

CALL HISTGM(VAL,K,V,NV,Y)

DO 269 I=1,NV

IV(I)=V(I)

I¥(I)=¥(I)

PRINT 302,IK,K

FORMAT (1X,*PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION FOR PARAMETER*,14,5X,
A *SAMPLE SIZE =*,14)

PRINT 363, (IV(I) ,I=1,NV)

FORMAT(/1X,*LOWER LIMIT OF RANGE*, 3613

PRINT 304, (I¥(I) ,I=1,NV)

FORMAT (21X,3613)

RETURN FOR NEW PARAMETER

GO TO 5

END

SUBROUTINE HISTGM(VAL,K,V,NV,Y)
S/R TO FIND THE PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PARAMETER
VAL W.R.T. THE ARRAY V
DIMENSION VAL(K) ,V(19@) ,¥ (NV)
FK=K

IF(K.LE.®) STOP11

V(NV+1)=999,

DO 19 I=1,NV

IFLAG=@

VALI=VAL (I)
DO 49 J=1,NV
IF(VALI.GE.V(J) «AND. VALI.LT.V(J+1)) GO TO 35
GO TO 49
¥(J)=¥ (J) 41
IFLAG=1
CONTINUE
CONTINUE
DO 66 I=1,NV
¥ (1) =¥ (I) /FK*100.+0.5
IF (IFLAG.EQ.@) PRINT 106,K,VAL(K
FORMAT (///*.....THE VALUE V(*,13,*) =*,F19.2,

A * IS OUT OF RANGE*///)

RETURN
END

28



‘Appendix E "HISTDB"

Program HISTDB may be used to calculate the percentage distribution of the profiles with respect to year, month, local time,
sunspot number, latitude, longitude, method, magnetic index, or special case parameter.

For example, giving the parameter 1K the value 11 will show that 86 percent of profiles were obtained under magnetically
quiet conditions and 13 percent during magnetically disturbed conditions (A,225). The percentages are rounded off and do not
necessarily add up to 100 percent.

The program will recycle until a value Ik=0 is read in. Southern Hemisphere data are analyzed as positive latitudes and as
months corresponding to the same season in the Northern Hemisphere.

The results of running HISTDB with the file DBL are given below. The parameter numbers are 2 = year, 3 = month, 5 = local
time, 7 = sunspot number, 8 = latitude, 9 = longitude, 10 = method, i1 = magnetic index, and 15 = special case.

PROGRAM HISTDB (INPUT, OUTPUT, TAPES)
c PROGRAM TO HISTOGRAM A GIVEN PARAMETER IN THE D-REGION HEADER CARD
c PILE, DB1
C#**** TAPES = DBL

DIMENSION V(56) ,PAR(28) ,¥ (58) ,VAL(800)

DIMENSION IV(59) ,I¥ (58)

c READ IN THE ORDER NUMBER OF THE PARAMETER TO BE ANALYSED
c 2=YEAR, 3=MONTH, 5=LOCAL TIME, 7=SUNSPOT NUMBER, 8=LATITUDE,
c Q=LONGITUDE, 10=METHOD, 11=MAGNETIC INDEX, 15=SPECIAL CASE
5 CONTINUE

REWIND 5

READ 10,1K

19 © FORMAT (12)
IF(IK.EQ.0) STOP
GO TO (46,20,30,40,50,40,76,80,90,100,110,40,40,4G,150) IK
40 PRINT 390
3060  FORMAT(5X,*THE PROGRAM WILL NOT HANDLE THIS CASE*)
5

Go TO
c ANALYSE BY YEAR 1945(1)1986
20° NV=36
DO 21 I=1,NV
210 V(1)=454I-1
GO TO 200
c ANALYSE BY MONTH
300 NV=12
DO 31 I=1,NV
31 0 V(I)=1
Go TO 290
c ANALYSE BY LOCAL TIME
50 -NV=24

DO 51 I=1,NV
51 -V(I)=I-1

GO TO 200
c ANALYSE BY SUNSPOT
c ANALYSE BY SUNSPOT 0(20)260
70 NV=10

DO_71 I=1,NV
710 V(E)=20*(T=1)

GO TO 208
c ANALYSE BY LATITUDE 6(16)90 ABSOLUTE VALUE
86 NV=!

DO 81 I=1,NV
81 = V(I)=19* (1-1)
GO TO 206
c ANALYSE BY LONGITUDE 6 (15) 360
90 NV=24
DO 91 I=1,NV
91 -V(I)=15* (1-1)

Go TO 200
c ANALYSE BY METHOD 1(1)5
106 NV=5

DO 101 I=1,NV
191 V(I)=I

c ANALYSE BY MAGNETIC INDEX 1(1)2
11g oNv=:

DO 111 I=1,NV

lll -V(I)=1

GO TO 200
c ANALYSE BY SPECIAL CASE PARAMETER
150 NV=14

DO 151 I=1,NVv
1510 V(I)=I-1
GO TO 200

ar



DICKINSON, P. H. G.,
J. E. HALL and

F. D. G. BENNETT
OYAMA, K.-I. and

K. HIRAO

SECHRIST, C. F., Jr.

THRANE, E. V.

THRANE, E. V. and
W. R. PIGGOTT

1976

1976

1974

1974

1966

“Rocket measurements of electron concentration in the lower
ionosphere at two European stations," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.
38, 163-173,

“Inaccuracies in electron density measurements due to surface
contamination of Langmuir probes," Planet. Space Set., 24,
87-89.

“Comparisons of techniques for measurement of D-region electron
densities," Radéo Setence, 9, No. 2, 137-149.

"Ionospheric profiles up to 160 km: A review of techniques and
profiles," in Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower
Ionosphere Structure, K. Rawer, Ed. (Akademi-Verlag, Berlin),
3-22.

"The collision frequency in the E- and D-regions of the
ionosphere," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 28, 721-737.



96
96

97
97

98
98
98

99
99
99

160
190
169

1@1
161
191

162
162
162

103
103
193

104
164
164

165
105
165

196
106
106

187
167
107

108
108
108
198

169
169
199
199

116
116
116

lll
lll
lll
lil

112
112
112

113
113

MITCHELL, J. D., L. C. HALE, R. O. OLSEN, J. RANDHAWA, AND R. RUBIO (1972),
POSITIVE IONS AND THE WINTER ANOMALY, RADIO SCI. 7, 175-179.

MITRA, A. P., AND D. K. CHAKRABARTY (1971), MODELS OF LOWER IONOSPHERE &LEC
TRON DENSITY PROFILES, SPACE RESEARCH XI, 1013-1918.

MONTBRIAND, L. E., AND J. S. BELROSE (1972A), EFFECTIVE ELECTRON LOSS RATES
IN THE LOWER D-REGION DURING THE DECAY OF SOLAR X-RAY FLARE EVENTS, RADIO
SCI. 7, 133-142.

MONTBRIAND, L. E., AND J. S. BELROSE (19728), EFFECTIVE ELECTRON LOSS RATES
IN THE LOWER D-REGION DURING THE DECAY PHASES OF SOLAR X-RAY (SXR) FLARE E
VENTS, AERON. REPORT NO. 48, UNIV. OF ILL., URBANA, ILL., 299-297

NAGATA, T., T. HIRASAWA, M. TAKIZAWA, AND T. TOHMATSU (1975), ANTARCTIC SUB
STORM EVENTS, OBSERVED BY SOUNDING ROCKETS, IONIZATION OF THE D- AND E-REGI
ONS BY AURORAL ELECTRONS, PLANET. SPACE SCI. 23, 1321-1327.

OYA, H. AND T. OBAYASHI (1968), OBSERVATION OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE
IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILE BY GYRO-PLASMA PROBE, SPACE RESEARCH V
III, 332-338.

OYA, H., T. ASO, M. EJERI, T. OBAYASHI, AND S. MIYASAKI (1970), ROCKET OBSE
RVATIONS OF THE WINTER IONOSPHERE USING PLASMA PROBES, SPACE SCIENCE X, NOR
TH-HOLLAND, 767-711.

OYAMA, KOH-ICHIRO AND KUNIO HIRAO (1976), INACCURACIES IN ELECTRON DENSITY
ESTIMATES DUE TO SURFACE CONTAMINATION OF LANGMUIR PROBES, PLANET. SPACE SC
I., 24, 87-89.

PARTHASARATHY, R., AND F. T. BERKEY (1965), MULTIPLE FREQUENCY INVESTIGATIO
NS OF RADIO WAVE ABSORPTION DURING THE DAWN-BREAKUP PHASE OF AURORAS, RADIO
SCI. 69D, 415-421.

PEDERSON, A., J. TROIM, AND J. A. KANE (1970), ROCKET MEASUREMENTS SHOWING
REMOVAL OF ELECTRONS AbOVE THE MESOPAUSE IN SUMMER AT HIGH LATITUDE, PLANET
» AND SPACE SCI. 18, 945-947.

PRAKASH, S., B. H. SUBBARAYA, AND S. P. GUPTA (1968), A STUDY OF THE EQUATO
RIAL E-REGION DURING EVENING TWILIGHT USING A LANGMUIR PROBE, J. ATMOS. TER
R. PHYS. 38, 1193-1202.

PRAKASH, S. B., H. SUBBARAYA, AND S. P. GUPTA (1971), INVESTIGATION OF THE
DAYTIME LOWER IONOSPHERE OVER THE EQUATOR USING LANGMUIR PROBE AND PLASMA N
OISE PROBE, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 33, 129-135.

PRAKASH, S., B. H. SUBBARAYA, AND S. P. GUPTA (1972), ELECTRON DENSITY PROF
ILES IN THE EQUATORIAL LOWER IONOSPHERE AT THUMBA, AERON. REPORT NO. 48, (E
D. C. F. SECHRIST, JR., & M. A. GELLER, UNIV. OF ILL., URBANA, ILL,) 359-36
3.

PRAKASH, S., B. H. SUBBARAYA, AND S. P. GUPTA (1974), SOME FEATURES OF THE
EQUATORIAL D-REGION AS REVEALED BY THE LANGMUIR PROBE EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED
AT THUMBA, METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS OF LOWER IONOSPHERE STRUCTU
RE, (ED. RAWER), AKADEMIE-VERLAG, BERLIN, 259.

RAMANAMURTY, Y. V., AND K. RAWER (1974), RESULTS OBTAINED FROM ROCKET-BORNE
FIELD STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS, METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS OF LOWER
IONOSPHERE STRUCTURE, (ED. RAWER), AKADEMIE-VERLAG, BERLIN.

REINISCH, B. W., AND G. S. SALES (1974), MULTI-FREQUENCY LONGWAVE VERTICAL
SOUNDING OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, IN COSPAR "METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS AND RE
SULTS OF LOWER IONOSPHERE STRUCTURE", P. 139 (ED. K. RAWER) AKADEMIE-VERLAG
, BERLIN.

RIEDLER, W. (1969), AURORAL ROCKET RESEARCH IN SCANDINAVIA, SMALL ROCKET IN
STRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES, PROCEEDINGS OF ELEVENTH PLENARY MEETING OF THE CO
MMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH, TOKYO.

ROWE, J. N. (1972), MODEL STUDIES OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, IONOSPHERIC RESEA
RCH SCI. REPORT 486, PENN STATE UNIV.

18



Appendix C "PICK"

Program PICK may be used to select all of those profiles passing through a specified value of height or log densit

; e c 0 ry._ If the
density at some standard height, SH, is required, the standard log density value mist be giv i

parameters are read in from the keyboard in FORMAT (2F4.0). y ust Be Given as Zeroy and vice versa. The two

Each digitized curve is then tested to see if it covers the specified density or height. If so, the corresponding densits
or height is then calculated by linear interpolation. The slope of the interpolating line, ah/a( Loar y) » is tiso calculated, y
lu

Corresponding values of curve identification number, height (or density), and slope are then written Nut on TAPEG, five sets
of values per line.

profifnee” interpolation would appear to be sufficiently accurate in view of the fairly large experimental errors in the
jes.

PROGRAM PICK (INPUT, OUTPUT, TAPES , TAPE6)

c PROG TO DETERMINE A SLOPE AND A HEIGHT OR DENSITY AT A GIVEN DENSITY
¢ OR HEIGHT FOR THE D-REGION PROFILES
DIMENSION FLN(100) ,H(100) ,ITEM(5) ,TEM1(S) ,TEM2(5)
Cc *** TAPE 5 = DB3
c
c LOG DENSITY OR HEIGHT AT WHICH THE OTHER IS REQUIRED
c ONE OF THESE MUST BE ZERO ......

READ 161,SED,SH
191 FORMAT(2F4.9)

Le
c READ IN A CURVE NUMBER + DIGITIZED VALUES
10° READ(5,30) KURVE
38 FORMAT(I4)
IF (KURVE.£Q.9999) STOP 11
Do 13
H(I)=0.
13° PLN(I)=0.
J1=-5
1200 Jl=g14+6
g2=J1+5
READ(5,35) (FLN(J) -H(J) ,J=J1,32)
35 FORMAT (12F6.2)
IF(H(J2).NE.@.) GO TO 12
c COUNT THE NON-ZERO VALUES
DO 15 I=1,190
IF(H(I).£0.0.) GO TO 16
15 CONTINUE
1600 NV=I=1

c IGNORE THE CURVE IF THE GIVEN POINT IS TOO HIGH
IF (SH.GT.H (NV) .OR,SED.GT.FLN(NV)) GO TO 16
c IGNORE THE CURVE IF THE GIVEN POINT IS TOO LOW

IF(SH.GT.9.AND.SH.LT.H(1)) GO TO 16
IF(SED.GT.9.AND.SED.LT.FLN(1)) GO TO 10
INTERPOLATE TO FIND THE HEIGHT AT A GIVEN DENSITY OR V.V.
START LOOKING AT THE TOP OF THE PROFILE
DO 20 I=1,190
J=NV-1+1
C.. FOR A STANDARD DENSITY, START AT BOTTOM BECAUSE PROFILE
c MAY BE NON-MONOTONIC
IF(SH.EQ.0.) J=I
IF(J.LE.1) GO TO 20
IF (SH.EQ.9..AND.SED.GT.FLN(J-1) «AND. SED.LE.FLN(J)) GO TO 19
IF (SH.GT.H(J~1) -AND.SH.LE.H(J)) GO TO 19
GO TO 20
19 CONTINUE
c USE LINEAR INTERPOLATION ~ ACCURATE ENOUGH
SLOPE=FLN (3) -PLN(J-1)
c PROTECT AGAINST VERTICAL CURVE

me)

IF(SLOPE.EQ.0.) GO TO 20
SLOPE=(H(J)-H(J-1) )/SLOPE
(J) -SLOPE*FLN (J)
LOPE*SED+FINT
'SH-FINT) /SLOPE

20° CONTINUE

c SAVE THE VALUES TO BE OUTPUT IN SETS OF 5
L=L+1
ITEM (L) =KURVE,
TEM1 (L)=HSED
IF(SH.NE.@.) TEM1(L)=SEDH
TEM2 (L:
IF(SLOPE.GT.999.) — TEM2(L)

IF(SLOPE.LT.-99.) 'TEM2(L)

IF(L.EQ.5) WRITE(6,100) (ITEM(J) ,TEM1(J) ,TEM2(J) ,J=1,5)
106 © FORMAT(5(14,2F6.2))

IF (L.EQ.5)
c RETURN FOR NEXT CURVE

Go TO 10

END

24



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Abstract. 2... ee See ee eee Se eee eee eee . 1
PART I. EXPLANATION. . 2.2... . 2 ae cs 1
Introduction ..... 0... .004 Se eee eee eee oa 1 4
Description of Files... . eee ee eee ee eee see 1 ]
Accuracy of Electron Density Profiles... 22... ° eo ecco oe 2 i
Collision Frequency Profiles ...... rs 3
Profiles Obtained Under Special Conditios ........ eee eae 3 |
Acknowledgments ........e0204 Ce . 3
References . 2... ... eee ee Ce 3 |
PART II. INDEXES TO PROFILES 6... ee... eee eee 7
PART III, LITERATURE LISTING OF DATA SOURCES. 2... oe ew ee 12
Appendices-~Computer Programs
ANSELECT” ee. ee ee ee eee tee eee eee 21
BMCHECKY ee eee eee eee eee eee 23
A 24
D"LEOGRAF"” fe... ee, Fee eee eee eee 25
E“HISTIBDY 22... . 004 bee eee eee twee eae 27
FUSORTDBY ee ee eee eee lee, 30

ii



ss

s

s
WW WWUUWULBOUNNE HEE EEE EE EEE

ssss
seeeoadaas

G

49.1
45.4
45.4
40.1
40.1
45.4
40.1
57.2
57.2
57.2
57.2
40.1
37.9
57.4
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
18.5
37.9
18.5
8.6
18.5
57.4
3761
37.1
~69.0
-69.0
57.4
49.1
40.1
18.5
18.5
-69.8
-69.0
57.2
57.2
57.2
8.6
3741
3721
40.1
48.8
55.8
48.8
48.8
48.8
37.9
40.1
42.4
42.4
42.4
42.4
42.4
37.9
37.1
37.1
37.1
37.1
37.1
40.1
57.4
57.4
65.3
65.3
49.1
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
49.1
4

40.1
46.1
~69.0
36.0
57.4
57.4
65.3
65.3

352.9
76.9
353.3
353.3
271.8
37.7
37.7
44.5
44.5
44.5
284.5
271.8
287.7
287.7
287.7
287.7
287.7
284.5
353.3
353.3
353.3
353.3
353.3
271.8
352.6
352.6
212.2
212.2
271.8
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
271.8
271.8
271.8
271.8
39.0
149.0
352.6
352.6
212.2
212.2

5.

Complete listing of the File DB1.

196 1
16 1
33002
158 4.1
158 4.1
738
73008
1901
190 1
isloo1
15103
sl 03
199 1
48 44
48 44
46 4.16
95 1
95 1
95 1
95 1
95 1
464.14
46 4.16
lll 3
1113
lll 3
11103
ml 3
464.14
48 5A
48 5A
48 5A
48 5A
485A
46 4.17
3304
33004
153 4.1
153 4.2
46 4.17
153 4.1
153 4.2
153 4.1
4.2

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3
4.7

41

4.1

4.1

4.1

7

5

a

9

2

1

SS TSS SSSSSSSSAS SST SLPS SHSH PSS OSS 85 8 SSSSSNANSSUSSSUSSSSSESS =

sessssesescsesss

A

c

WOR RSA OR RRAAS ASRS RS AR ORR RO REESE ORE RARER

(continued)

F

-1255
37.9

H

212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2
212.2

RINNE NE EBB EE EE EE EE EEE EEE EEE Ee EE Re eee

PRE ENR RE RENEE HUN UNE E EEE BEBE EE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE ©

SS eee ee oe eee eee eee enn
DOnnbe aL UUDO eR wLOEN =

re rer ereraas

RROdORRRLOYUUUUUUS

renee)

wo
we eo
Pasiesey

SSSSSSS SSCS SSUS SST SSS SSS SSS SS SASSUSSSSSSSSSASSSSSS =



17
17

17

145
145

BELROSE, J. S. (1972), IONIZATION CHANGES IN THE D-REGION ASSOCIATED WITH T
HE SOLAR COSMIC RAY (SCR) EVENT OF 2 NOVEMBER 1969, PROCEEDINGS OF COSPAR S

YMPOSIUM ON SOLAR PARTICLE EVENT OF NOVEMBER 1969, AFCRL SPECIAL REPORT NO.
144, 243-255.

BELROSE, J. S., L. R. BODE, AND L. W. HEWITT (1964), PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
THE POLAR WINTER MESOSPHERE OBTAINED FROM LOW-FREQUENCY PROPAGATION AND PAR
TIAL REFLECTION STUDIES, RADIO SCI. 68D, 1319-1323.

BELROSE, J. S., AND I. A. BOURNE (1967), THE ELECTRON DENSITY AND COLLISION
FREQUENCY HEIGHT PROFILE FOR THE LOWER PART OF THE IONOSPHERE (THE D AND L
OWER E REGIONS), GROUND-BASED RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION STUDIES OF THE LOWER
IONOSPHERE, CONF. PROC., DEFENCE RESEARCH BOARD, CANADA, 79-96.

BELROSE, J. S., I. A. BOURNE, AND L. W. HEWITT (1966), THE WINTER VARIABILI
TY OF ELECTRON DENSITY IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE OVER OTTAWA. A DISCUSSION O
F RESULTS AND POSSIBLE CAUSE, ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES IN THE IONOSPHERE A
ND EXOSPHERE, (ED. FRIHAGEN), NORTH HOLLAND, 48-69.

BELROSE, J. S., I. A. BOURNE, AND L. W. HEWITT (1967A), A CRITICAL REVIEW O

F THE PARTIAL REFLECTION EXPERIMENT, GROUND-BASED KADIO WAVE PROPAGATION ST

UDIES OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, CONF. PROC., DEFENCE RESEARCH BOARD, CANADA,
125-151.

BELROSE, J. S., I. A. BOURNE, AND L. W. HEWITT (1967B), A PRELIMINARY INVES
TIGATION OF DIURNAL AND SEASONAL CHANGES IN ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION OVER OTTA
WA, CHURCHILL, AND RESOLUTE BAY, GROUND-BASED RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION STUDIE
S OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, CONF. PROC., DEFENCE RESEARCH BOARD, CANADA, 167
-188.

BELROSE, J. S., AND M. J. BURKE (1964), STUDY OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE USING
PARTIAL REFLECTIONS, 1. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE AND METHOD OF ANALYSIS, J.
GEOPHYS. RES. 69, 2799-2818.

BELROSE, J. S., M. J. BURKE, T. N. R. COYNE, AND J. E. REED (1972), D-REGIO
N MEASUREMENTS WITH THE DIFFERENTIAL-ABSORPTION, DIFFERENTIAL-PHASE
PARTIAL-REFLECTION EXPERIMENTS, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 77, 4829-4838.

BELROSE, J. S., AND E. CETINER, (1962), MEASUREMENTS OF ELECTRON DENSITIES
IN THE IONOSPHERE D-REGION AT THE TIME OF A 2+ SOLAR FLARE, NATURE 195, 688
-690.

BELROSE, J. S., AND T. N. R. COYNE (1972), A COMPARISON OF TWO GROUND-BASED
TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITIES, AERON. REPORT NO. 48
, (ED. SECHRIST & GELLER, U. OF ILL.), 326-330.

BELROSE, J. S., L. W. HEWITT, AND R. BUNKER (1969), REGULAR AND IRREGULAR D
IURNAL VARIATIONS OF ELECTRON NUMBER DENSITY IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE OVER R
ESOLUTE BAY, THE POLAR IONOSPHERE AND MAGNETOSPHERIC PROCESSES, (ED. SKOVLI
), 285-298,

BELROSE, J. S., D. B. ROSS, AND A. G. MCNAMARA (1972), IONIZATION CHANGES I
N THE LOWER IONOSPHERE DURING THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 7 MARCH 1976, J. ATMOSPH
+ TERR. PHYS. 34, 627-640.

BELROSE, J. S., AND B. SEGAL (1967), SOME COMMENTS ON THE DETERMINATION OF
D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTION FROM THE REFLECTION OF LONG WAVES, G
ROUND-BASED RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION STUDIES OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, CONF. P
ROC. DEFENCE RESEARCH BOARD, CANADA, 385-398.

BELROSE, J. S., AND B. SEGAL (1974), ON THE INTERPRETATION OF CW PROPAGATIO
N DATA FOR LONG RADIO WAVES, METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS OF LOWER IO
NOSPHERE STRUCTURE, (ED. RAWER), AKADEMIE VERLAG, BERLIN, 77-110.

BERTHELIER, J. J., AND M. PIRRE (1972), ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF ANTARCTIC D-
REGION ELECTRON DENSITY DURING THE 28 JANUARY 1967 PCA EVENT, PROC. OF COSP
AR SYMPOSIUM ON SOLAR PARTICLE EVENT OF NOVEMBER 1969, AFCRL SPECIAL REPORT
NO. 144, 277-296.

BEYNON, W. J. G., AND S. RANGASWAMY (1969), MODEL ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES
FOR THE LOWER IONOSPHERE, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 31, 891-904.

13



WORLD DATA CENTER A
for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics

|
|
|
i

REPORT UAG-67 |

IONOSPHERIC D-REGION PROFILE DATA BASE

A collection of computer-accessible experimental profiles of the D and lower E regions

by
L.F. McNamara |

lonospheric Prediction Service
Sydney, Australia

AUGUST 1978

Published by World Data Center A for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado
and printed by

tp
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Z S
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NIws
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICE
Asheville, North Carolina, USA 28801

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $25.20 a year; $17.30 additional for foreign mailing; single copy price varies.*
Checks and money orders should be made payable to the Department of Commerce, NOAA/NGSDC.
Remittance and correspondence regarding subscriptions should be sent to the National Geophysical and
Solar—Terrestrial Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303.

PRICE THIS ISSUE $0.88


Appendix A "SELECT" (continued)

PROGRAM SELECT (INPUT,OUTPUT, TAPES, TAPE6,TAPE7)

c PROG TO LIST OUT ALL D-REGION PROFILES WHICH SATISFY CERTAIN
Cc SPECIFIED CONDITIONS. THE CORRESPONDING DIGITIZED DATA
c ARE THEN WRITTEN ON TO TAPE7

C..... TAPE 5 IS THE HEADER CARD FILE

C....-. TAPE 6 IS THE DIGITIZED DATA FILE

DIMENSION IP1(29) ,IP2(28) ,JP (28) ,NUM(1609) ,HT(109) , FLN(190)

READ IN (KEYBOARD) THE REQUIRED RANGES OF THE VARIOUS PARAMETERS
ORDER IS YEAR,MONTH,DAY,LOCAL TIME,S.S.NO. ,LATITUDE,

Cc LONGITUDE,METHOD,MAGNETIC INDEX,COLLISION FREQ PROFILE,LITERATURE

c REFERENCE AND SPECIAL CASE PARAMETER

Cc NOTE THAT THESE PARAMETERS COME IN PAIRS

2

20

READ 26, (IP1(I),1P2(1I),I=1,12)
FORMAT (612,214, 213,212,213,411,212,213,212)
IF(IP1(4).LE.IP2(4)) GO TO 49

PRINT 163

103 FORMAT(1@X,*SORRY !! PROG WILL NOT SEARCH ACROSS 9@GOLT*)
STOP

4B CONTINUE

c READ IN ALL PROFILES AND SELECT THE REQUIRED ONES
L=@

16 CONTINUE
READ (5,30) KURVE, (JP(I) ,I=1,12)
IF (KURVE.EQ.9999) GO TO 5
30 FORMAT (15 ,313,15,214,2X,14,2X,212,13,14,5X,13)
c CHANGE THE SEASON FOR THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
LAT=JP (6)
JP (6) =IABS (LAT)
IM1=JP (2)
IF(LAT.LT.@) JP(2)=JP(2)+6
IF(JP(2).GT.12) JP(2)=JP(2)-12
DO 168 I=1,12
IF(IP1(I) .GT.JP(I) .OR.IP2(I).LT.JP(I)) GO TO 16
99 IF(I.NE.12) GO TO 108
JP (6) =LAT
IP (2)=IM1
L=L+1
NUM (L) =KURVE
PRINT 30,KURVE, (JP(K) ,K=1,12)
108 CONTINUE
GO TO 10
58 NV=L
PRINT 104,NV
104 FORMAT(/10X,*THERE ARE*,1I4,* CURVES SATISFYING THE GIVEN CONDITION

AS*)
c READ IN THE DIGITIZED PROFILES ONE BY ONE AND SEE IF
c EACH IS REQUIRED

55 READ(6,101) KURVE
101 FORMAT (14)
IF (KURVE.EQ.9999) STOP 11
g1=-5
60 J1=J1+6
J2=J145
READ (6,102) (FLN(J) ,HT(J) »J=J1,J32)
102 FORMAT (12F6.2)
IF (HT(J2).NE.@.) GO TO 69
c SEE IF THIS CURVE IS REQUIRED
DO 7@ I=1,NV
IF (KURVE.NE.NUM(I)) GO TO 76
WRITE(7,161) KURVE
WRITE(7,102) (FLN(J) ,RT(J) ,J=1,J2)
GO TO 55
70 CONTINUE
GO TO 55
END

22



WORLD DATA CENTER A
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C., U.S.A., 20418

World Data Center A consists of the Coordination Office
and seven Subcenters:

World Data Center A
Coordination Office
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C., U.S.A., 20418
[Telephone: (202) 389-6478]

Glaciology: Rotation of the Earth:
World Data Center A: Glaciology World Data Center A: Rotation
[Snow and Ice] of the Earth
Inst. of Arctic & Alpine Research U.S. Naval Observatory
University of Colorado Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20390
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80309 [Telephone: (202) 254-4023]

[Telephone: (303) 492-5171]
Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Solar and

Meteorology (and Nuclear Radiation): Interplanetary Phenomena, Ionospheric
Phenomena, Flare-Associated Events,
World Data Center A: Meteorology Geomagnetic Variations, Magnetospheric
National Climatic Center and Interplanetary Magnetic Phenomena,
Federal Building Aurora, Cosmic Rays, Airglow):
Asheville, North Carolina, U.S.A. 28801
[Telephone: (704) 258-2850] World Data Center A
for Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Oceanography: Environmental Data and Information
Service, NOAA
World Data Center A: Oceanography Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80303
National Oceanic and Atmospheric [Telephone: (303) 499-1000, Ext. 6467]
Administration
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 20235 Solid-Earth Geophysics (Seismology,
[Telephone: (202) 634-7249] Tsunamis, Gravimetry, Earth Tides,
Recent Movements of the Earth's
Rockets and Satellites: Crust, Magnetic Measurements,
Paleomagnetism and Archeomagnetism,
World Data Center A: Rockets and Volcanology, Geothermics):
Satellites
Goddard Space Flight Center World Data Center A
Code 601 for Solid-Earth Geophysics
Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A. 20771 Environmental Data and Information
[Telephone: (301) 982-6695] Service, NOAA

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 80303
[Telephone: (303) 499-1000, Ext. 6521]

NOTES:

1. World Data Centers conduct international exchange of geophysical observations
in accordance with the principles set forth by the International Council of Scientific
Unions. WDC-A is established in the United States under the auspices of the National
Academy of Sciences.

2. Communications regarding data interchange matters in general and World Data
Center A as a whole should be addressed to: World Data Center A, Coordination Office
(see address above).

3. Inquiries and communications concerning data in specific disciplines should
be addressed to the appropriate subcenter listed above.



Appendix F "SORTDB"

Program SORTDB may be used to arrange the data given in file DB1 in increasing order of, year, month, local time, sunspot
number, latitude, longitude, method, magnetic index, or special case parameter.

For example, entering the value 07 when prompted by the READ6,IK instruction (or from a card) will cause the data to be
arranged in increasing order of sunspot number. The rearranged data are written to the file TAPES.

If there is more than one profile corresponding to the same sunspot number (or other parameter), the order within these
profiles will be the same as in DB1, i.e., chronological.

The program will recycle until a value of zero is read in. Southern Hemisphere data are ordered by the absolute value
of latitude.

PROGRAM SORTDB (INPUT, OUTPUT, TAPES , TAPEG)

c PROG TO ARRANGE THE HEADER CARD FILE , DB1, IN INCREASING ORDER
c OF ANY PARAMETER

©>>> TAPES = DB1

C... TAPEG = OUTPUT

DIMENSION IJ (868,16) ,KK (800) ,X (800) ,¥ (800)
READ IN THE ORDER OF THE PARAMETER THAT IS TO BE ORDERED
2=YEAR, 3=MONTH, 5=LOCAL TIME, 7=SUNSPOT NUMBER, 8=LATITUDE,
9=LONGITUDE,10=METHOD,11=MAGNETIC INDEX, 15=SPECIAL CASE
REWIND 5
READ 6,IK
6 FORMAT (I2)

IF(IK.EQ.0) STOP

GO TO (7,8,8,7,8,7,8,8,8,8,8,7,7,7,8) IK

7 PRINT 300

300° FORMAT(5X,*THE PROGRAM WILL NOT HANDLE THIS CASE*)
Go To 5

8 CONTINUE

c READ IN THE HEADER CARD FILE

10 IsI+1
READ (5,100) (Id (I,J) ,J=1,7) ,FLAT,FLON, (15 (I,J) ,J=10,15)
160 FORMAT(I5,413,12,14,2F6.1,212,13,14,A5,13)
IJ (I,8)=FLAT#10.
LON*16.

IJ (I,5)=100.* (IJ (1,5) +PLOAT (Id (I,6))/68.)
IF(EOF(5).£Q.@) GO TO 10
Nv=I=1

c ALLOW FOR LAST CURVE
Do 17 16

17 Id (NV, 1) =9998

c SET UP THE ARRAY THAT IS TO BE ORDERED

pO 18 I=1,NV
18 X(I)=Id(I,1K)

c DETERMINE THE REQUIRED ORDER OF THE DATA
CALL ARMIN(X,Y,KK,NV)
c WRITE OUT THE DATA IN THE REQUIRED ORDER

FLON#IJ (KKI,9)

TIME=0.01*TS (KKI, 5)
13 (KKI, 5) =TIME
IJ (KKI, 6) = (TIME-IFIX (TIME) ) *60.40.5
25 WRITE(6,100) (I3(KKI,J) ,J=1,7) ,FLAT, FLON, (IJ (KKI,J) ,J=10,15)
END
SUBROUTINE ARMIN(X,Y,IY¥,N)
$/R TO ARRANGE THE VARIABLE X IN INCREASING ORDER....Y
IY IS THE ORIGINAL SUBSCRIPT .. ARRANGED IN SAME ORDER AS Y
DIMENSION X(N) ,¥(N) ,I¥(N)
DO 20 J=1,N
CALL VALMIN(X,N,XMIN, IJ)
¥ (13) =XMIN
1¥(J)=1d
c ONCE THE VALUE HAS BEEN USED, SET IT TO A LARGE VALUE
X (15) =9999.4I
20° CONTINUE
RETURN

a0

END
SUBROUTINE VALMIN(X,N,XI,IX)

S/R TO FIND THE MINIMUM VALUE OF AN ARRAY, AND THE POSITION IN
THE ARRAY

DIMENSION X(N)

IX=1

XMIN=ABS (X (1) )

DO 16 I=2,N

IF(ABS(X(I)).GE.XMIN) GO TO 10

XMIN=ABS (X (I) )

XI=X (I)

a0

U

10 © CONTINUE
RETURN
END

30



Appendix D "LEOGRAF*

It is sometimes convenient or illustrative to mass plot a group of profiles obtained under similar physical conditions. Such
a plot can indicate an average profile and the range of density values obtained at a given height, and can also help to pick out
profiles that differ significantly from the average profile.

Program LEOGRAF is a program that may be executed on a Tektronix 4014-1, using the Integrated Software Systems Corporation
software package "DISSPLA". Other techniques may, of course, be used.

TAPE3 is a file containing a subset of the file 0B3.

The following is a sample run of the programs SELECT and LEOGRAF. All profiles for March, April; 1130-1230 LT; medium
sunspot number (40-80); midlatitude (20-50); and an undisturbed ionosphere have been selected and plotted.

PROGRAM LEOGRAF (INPUT, OUTPUT, TAPE1=INPUT, TAPE2=OUTPUT,
XTAPE3)
COMMON A(2,6) ,X(100) ,¥ (100)

TEKTRN (469)

BGNPL(

TITLE(" $",-100,"LOG ELECTRON CONCENTRATION (N/CC)$",
X10,"ALTITUDE (KM)$",160,8.,7.)
CALL YINTAX

CALL XINTAX

CALL YAXANG (#0)

CALL GRAF(0,1,6,50,5,110)

CALL GRID(1,1)

CALL SCLPIC(@.25)

CALL MARKER(8)

CALL MESSAG ("CURVE",5,8.35,7.25)

4 CALL CURVENO(ICURV,N, PTY, PTX)
IF(N.EQ.2) 20,6
6 CALL INTNO(ICURV, PTX, PTY)

19 CALL EPOINTS(N)
CALL FILLUP(M,KPT,N)
IP(X(M) -EQ.6.00) 15,4
15. CALL CURVE(X,Y¥,KPT,1)
KPT=9
Mao
GoTo 4
20 CALL ENDPL(@)
CALL DONEPL
END
SUBROUTINE CURVENO(ICURV,N,PTY,PTX)
READ (3,106) IPT
100 FORMAT (3X,R1)
IF(EOF(3)) 2,3
N=2

RETURN
IF(IPT.EQ.1R.) 4,5
BACKSPACE 3
RETURN
5 BACKSPACE 3
READ (3,161) ICURV
PTY=PTY-.2
IF(PTY.LE.3.0) 7,10
7 PTY=7.0
PTX=PTX+.5
181 FORMAT (14)
1g” RETURN
END
SUBROUTINE EPOINTS(N)
COMMON A(2,6) ,X (108) ,¥ (100)
READ (3,109) ( (A(I,J) I=.
IF(EOF(3)) 5,16
5 N=2
19 RETURN
100 FORMAT(2X,6(F4.2,F6.2,2X))
END
SUBROUTINE FILLUP(M,KPT,N)
COMMON A(2,6) ,X(108) »¥ (100)
19 -DO 15 K=1,6
Mem+1
X(M) =A (1, K)
¥ (tN) =A(2,K)
IF(X(M).EQ.G.@8) 12,14
12 RETURN

aw

1,6)

14 KPTSKPT+1
15 CONTINUE)
RETURN

25



SOOO COC OOO OOOO OINVAAADADUUUUU SSS SSS A ERSWUWUUWWWU WU WU UUW WU WUWEUUUUNEN EE HEHEHE oO

wowvennes

30.4
74.7
~44.8
37.9
49.0
37.9
69.3
69.3
58.0
69.3
69.3
69.3
45.4

151.5
151.5
151.5
151.5
151.5
151.5
265.1
265.1
265.1
17.7
265.8
17.7
127
265.8
265.1
lll
17.7
17.7
284.1
17.7
1n7
17.7
17,7
265.8
265.8
281.8
283.1
282.0
282.0
282.1
16.0
282.2
17.7
281.6
280.6
281.2
177
17
10.8
10.0
17.7
17.7
led
284.8
282.2
282.8
136.3
265.8
265.8
173.9
175.8
170.0

284.5
284.5
265.8
284.1

10.8

284.1

PRNNON NNER EE RR EN EE HER BEER EEE ES BEEN NRE NEN HA NNNEUUS BUUNEN ERR SRN NN EE EE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE OW WWW me

PRR ERR EEE EE EE PE EE ERE EEE EEE EEE EP EEE EE EEE EEE BEE EEE EEN PEE EE EE EE EE EER

Complete listing of the File

L

36

36
126
126
126
126
126
126

M

Roos
SN anaasHaoutantannnoweeveous

1A

. ww

SesOve sh NP HAwWUNUUT TUNE NENNENNWWASWNWUUASSUNNNEUUA AY

x

N

SOOO OUTS TOCSTOSS SS SSSAS SUS SS TS SS SOS OSS SSS TSS SSS SSSTTS SOUS ESS SS COSTS SSS SCSS SESS VISES ESSSCS

A

227
228
229
230
246
234
245
247
248
249
250
938
253
254
255
256
808
257
258
259
809
944
943
265
252
266
275
932
933
268
269
270
27
272
273
274
549
276
277
278
279
280
281
283
282
489
286

287
467
284
285
361
520
939
940
313
941
942
289
290
291
288
292
920,
295
296
297
298
299
308
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
318
311
312
319
320
321
322
323
324
325,

BOO W OOOH EE EER EE EEE HEE E PEEP EEE EEE EEE ee

ppl.

(continued)

E

7:23.21
15 1151
16 1530
20 10 @
20 11 @
26 1136
20:13. 5

418

26129
26 2247
15120
17:12 0
28 120
2812 0
20 1728
20 1734
ao 1215

955

16.176
19 1745
12 1218
12 1410
12 16 0

25

138
12 0
12 0
215
1038

1218

12 0
058
1857
1857

G
37.9 284.5
38.0 23.6
35.2 25.8
36.8 21.9
38.0 23.6
36.8 21.9
35.2 25.0
37.9 284.5
69.3 16.9

69.3 16.9
67.9 20.3
40.8 282.1

40.8 282.1

OEE RU R NU WU UU WLU WLUW UUW EO UNHU UHH WWW UU NA HUWWWUNN URN NNN HOPE NN RN ANE NNER NEP ENERN RNEE NN NEN NRE DR

be be
ARR wWWLETSRONUOWY VERE Ew

Re
weerresssee Sevecwssr+ssss

SNES SSS TSSSSSS SS OSS SSS SS SUSUESS STS SSS SSS SES STU SET TSS SSS SOSSOUTIS



This part is a complete listing of the file DB2, which contains all literature references from which
density profiles or collision profiles have been obtained. The 1-3 digit number in columns 2-4
correspond to the reference numbers given in column L of Table 5 (the file DB1), and provide the link

electron

PART III. LITERATURE LISTING OF DATA SOURCES

between the files DB1 and DB2.

wo

16
19

ll
ll
ll

12
12
12

13
13
13

159
158
150

14
14
14

15
1i5
is

16
16
16

ADEY, A. W., AND W. J. HEIKKILA (1961), ROCKET ELECTRON DENSITY MEASUREMENT
S AT FORT CHURCHILL, CANADA, CAN. J. PHYS. 39, 219-221.

AIKIN, A. C. (1972), IONIZATION SOURCES OF THE IONOSPHERIC D AND E REGIONS
AERON. REPORT NO. 48 (ED. SECHRIST & GELLER, U. OF ILL., URBANA, ILL.), 96-
163.

AIKIN, A. C. AND L. J. BLUMLE (1968), ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF THE E~REGION E
LECTRON CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE VICINITY OF THE GEOMAGNETIC EQUAT
OR, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 73, 1617-1626.

AIKIN, A. C., R. A. GOLDBERG, Y. V. SOMAYAJULU, AND M. B. AVADHANULU (1972)
, ELECTRON AND POSITIVE ION DENSITY ALTITUDE DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE EQUATORIA
L D-REGION, J. ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 34, 1483-1494.

AIKIN, A. C., J. A. KANE, AND J. TROIM (1964), SOME RESULTS OF ROCKET EXPER
IMENTS ON THE QUIET D-REGION, J. GEOPHYS. RES. 69, 4621-4628.

ARMISTEAD, G. W., J. V. EVANS, AND REID, W. A. (1972), MEASUREMENT OF D- AN
D E-REGION ELECTRON DENSITIES BY THE INCOHERENT SCATTER TECHNIQUE AT MILLST
ONE HILL, RADIO SCI. 7, 153-162.

AUSTIN, G. L. (1971), A DIRECT MEASURING DIFFERENTIAL PHASE EXPERIMENT, J.
ATMOSPH. TERR. PHYS. 33, 1667-1674.

AUSTIN, G. L., AND A. H. MANSON (1969), ON THE NATURE OF THE IRREGULARITIES
THAT PRODUCE PARTIAL REFLECTIONS OF RADIO WAVES FROM THE LOWER IONOSPHERE
(70-108 KM), RADIO SCI. 4, 35-40.

BAIN, W. D., AND M. D. HARRISON (1972), MODEL IONOSPHERE FOR D-REGION AT SU
MMER NOON DURING SUNSPOT MAXIMUM, PROC. IEE 119, 798-796.

BAIN, W. C., AND B. R. MAY (1967), D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS
FROM PROPAGATION DATA, PROC. IEE 114, 1593-1597.

BAKER, D. C., AND L. C. HALE (1969), D-REGION PARAMETERS FROM BLUNT PROBE M
EASUREMENTS DURING A SOLAR ECLIPSE, SPACE RESEARCH X, 1978, NORTH-HOLLAND,
AMSTERDAM, 712.

BARRINGTON, R. E., AND E. THRANE (1961), THE DETERMINATION OF D-REGION ELEC
TRON DENSITIES FROM OBSERVATIONS OF CROSS-MODULATION., TECH. NOTE T-67, NOR
WEGIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT.

BARRINGTON, R. E., E. V. THRANE, AND B. BJELLAND (1963), DIURNAL AND SEASON
AL VARIATION IN D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITIES DERIVED FROM OBSERVATIONS OF CR
OSS~MODULATION, CAN. J. PHYS. 41, 271.

BEAN, T. A., AND S. A. BOWHILL (1973), ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL REFLECTION DATA
FROM THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF JULY 2@, 1972, AERON. REPORT NO. 63, AERON. LAB.,
UNIV. OF ILL., URBANA, ILL.

BELROSE, J. S. (1964), PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE LOWEST IONOSPHERE, PROPAGAT
ION OF RADIO WAVES AT FREQUENCIES BELOW 30 KC/S, (ED. W. T. BLACKBAND), MA
CMILLAN, NEW YORK, 3-48.

BELROSE, J. S. (1965), THE LOWER IONOSPHERIC REGIONS, CHAP, 3 OF PHYSICS OF
THE EARTH"S UPPER ATMOSPHERE (ED. HINES, PAGHIS, HARTZ, FEJER), PRENTICE-H
ALL, ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS, NEW JERSEY, 46-72.

BELROSE, J. S. (1976), RADIO WAVE PROBING OF THE IONOSPHERE BY THE PARTIAL
REFLECTION OF RADIO WAVES (FROM HEIGHTS BELOW 16@ KM), J. ATMOS. TERR. PHYS
+ 32, 567-596.

12

i