NUMBER 13-19-00097-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG 

 

LYDIA TUMMEL, HAROLD TUMMEL,

INDIVIDUALLY, AND HAROLD K. TUMMEL,

AS TRUSTEE OF THE KURT K. TUMMEL TRUST, Appellants,

v.

MMG BANK CORPORATION, Appellee.

 

On appeal from the 332nd District Court

of Hidalgo County, Texas.

 

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Benavides, Perkes, and Tijerina

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Benavides

By four issues, appellants Lydia Tummel and Harold K. Tummel, Individually,

1 and 

as Trustee of the Kurt K. Tummel Trust, (collectively Tummels) appeal from the trial 

1 Harold K. Tummel is an attorney who also represents the Tummels on appeal and did so in the 

trial court.
2

court’s grant of appellee MMG Bank Corporation’s (MMG) Bill of Review which vacated 

the Tummels’ $4 million default judgment against MMG. The Tummels’ first three issues 

challenge the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of MMG and their fourth 

issue challenges the trial court’s denial of their motion for new trial. We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

On or about October 2012, each of the Tummels purchased investments of 

intermodal railway cars from Steven Patrick Jones, John Patrick Acord, Ecoenergy 

Group, Inc., and Intermodal Wealth, Inc. (the Jones defendants). The investments turned 

out to be fraudulent. The sellers, Jones and Acord, were federally prosecuted. In an effort 

to recoup some of their losses, the Tummels obtained default judgments for their 

investment losses against the individual Jones defendants. They then sought to garnish

funds held by the Jones defendants in various banks, including MMG.

MMG is registered in Panama. It does not maintain a registered agent in Texas. 

According to the Tummels' petition for garnishment, MMG: 

makes contracts by mail or otherwise with Texas residents, which one or 

more parties are to perform in whole or in part in the State of Texas, within 

the meaning of Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code (“TCPRC”) Section 

17.042(1). Such contracts include contracts pursuant to which [MMG] is to 

accept funds sent to Panama from Texas. In connection with [MMG]’s 

dealings with the [Jones] Defendants hereinafter named, [MMG] 

participated in many such transactions involving the transfers of hundreds 

of thousands of dollars from Texas to Panama. [Tummels] allege, on 

information and belief, that [MMG] is involved each year in transactions 

involving transfers of millions of dollars between Texas and Panama, 

pursuant to such contracts.

5. In connection with funds transfers in which [MMG] participated for the 

benefit of [the Jones] Defendants hereinafter named, [MMG] participated in 

numerous violations of Texas Business & Commerce Code (“TBCC”) 

Chapter 24. [MMG] is therefore subject to the Court’s jurisdiction, pursuant
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to TCPRC Section 17.042(2).

The Tummels sought service on MMG through the Texas Secretary of State and provided 

citation to be served on MMG Bank Corporation at 10th Floor, 53E Street, Marbella, 

Panama. The Tummels later obtained a default judgment when MMG failed to answer.

In 2016, MMG filed a bill of review to set aside the default judgment on the grounds 

of no service. The bill of review was supported by documents from the underlying case 

and the affidavit of Mario Antonio De Diego Gambotti, MMG’s Director, Secretary, and 

Legal Counsel, which stated in part that:

3. . . . MMG has been located at MMG Tower, 22nd Floor, Costa del Este, 

Avenida Paseo del Mar, Panama City, Republic of Panama since January 

6, 2014.

4. MMG does not conduct business in Texas. MMG is not registered with 

the Texas Secretary of State to conduct business in Texas. MMG does not 

contract or solicit contracts with Texas residents by mail or otherwise. MMG 

does not conduct transactions which move funds from Texas to Panama. 

MMG does not employ or recruit for employment any Texas resident. MMG 

has not committed any torts in Texas.

5. MMG does not possess any property or any debts belonging to Steven 

Patrick Jones, John Patrick Acord, Ecoenergy Group Inc., or Intermodal 

Wealth Inc. (collectively the “Jones Lawsuit Defendants”). MMG did not 

possess any property or any debts belonging to any of the Jones Lawsuit 

Defendants on December 16, 2014. MMG did not have knowledge on 

December 16, 2014 and does not currently have knowledge of any parties 

that may possess any property or any debts belonging to the Jones Lawsuit 

Defendants.

The Tummels answered the bill of review with a general denial and asserted 

counterclaims.

In August 2018, MMG filed a traditional motion for summary judgment on the 

ground of no service and no evidence motions for summary judgment on Tummels’ 
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counterclaims. A hearing was scheduled for September 2018. The Tummels noticed the 

deposition of an MMG corporate representative for August 28, 2018, that MMG moved to 

quash on multiple grounds. The summary judgment hearing was postponed, and the 

deposition was held at a later date. In the meantime, the Tummels nonsuited their 

counterclaims.

The trial court granted the traditional motion for summary judgment and MMG’s bill 

of review and thereby also vacated the Tummels’ previous default judgment. The 

Tummels filed a motion for new trial that the trial court denied by written order. The 

Tummels appeal.

II. SUMMARY JUDGMENT

By three issues, the Tummels challenge the trial court’s grant of summary 

judgment in favor of MMG on the grounds that: (1) MMG failed to meet its burden of proof; 

(2) Tummels’ response raised a material issue of fact; and (3) MMG’s failure to avail itself 

of legal defenses in the underlying case rendered MMG ineligible to receive bill-of-review 

relief.2 We address all three issues together.

A. Standard of Review

We review a trial court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Mid-Century Ins. Co. 

of Tex. v. Ademaj, 243 S.W.3d 618, 621 (Tex. 2007); Provident Life & Accident Ins. Co. 

v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2003). When reviewing a traditional summary 

judgment, we must determine whether the movant met its burden to establish that no 

2 The Tummels incorporate the Craddock factors in their briefing and use them as the framework 

for their argument. See Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124, 125 (Tex. 1939). As we 

discuss in Part II(B), those factors do not apply in a “no service” complaint. See Caldwell v. Barnes (Caldwell 

II), 154 S.W.3d 93, 96 (Tex. 2004) (per curiam). 
5

genuine issue of material fact exists and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a 

matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Sw. Elec. Power Co. v. Grant, 73 S.W.3d 211, 215 

(Tex. 2002); Nalle Plastics Family Ltd. P’ship v. Porter, Rogers, Dahlman & Gordon, P.C., 

406 S.W.3d 186, 199–200 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2013, pet. denied). The 

movant bears the burden of proof, and all doubts about the existence of a genuine issue 

of material fact are resolved against the movant. See Sw. Elec. Power Co., 73 S.W.3d at 

215. Thus, to be entitled to judgment, a bill of review plaintiff must conclusively prove all 

the elements of its bill of review action as a matter of law. See Hernandez v. Koch Mach. 

Co., 16 S.W.3d 48, 60 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, pet. denied); see also Wuxi 

Taihu Tractor Co., Ltd. v. York Group, Inc., No. 01-13-00016-CV, 2014 WL 6792019, at 

*4 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 2, 2014, pet. denied) (mem. op.). We take as true 

all evidence favorable to the non-movant, and we indulge every reasonable inference and 

resolve any doubts in the non-movant’s favor. Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 

S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005).

While abuse of discretion is the proper review standard for the ruling on a bill of 

review, see Manley v. Parsons, 112 S.W.3d 335, 337 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–

Edinburg 2003, pet. denied), and that is the effect of the judgment here, this case was 

appealed from a summary judgment. Thus, the appropriate standard in this case is that 

for the review of a summary judgment.

B. Applicable Law

A bill of review is an independent, equitable action to set aside a judgment that is 

no longer appealable or subject to a motion for new trial. Caldwell v. Barnes (Caldwell II), 
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154 S.W.3d 93, 96 (Tex. 2004) (per curiam) (citing Baker v. Goldsmith, 582 S.W.2d 404, 

406 (Tex. 1979)). Generally, a party seeking a bill of review must allege and prove that 

(1) it had a meritorious defense to the underlying cause of action, (2) which it was 

prevented from making because of fraud, accident, or a wrongful act by the opposite 

party, (3) that was untainted by any fault or negligence of its own. Id.

However, when a bill of review is based solely on a claim of non-service, the 

defendant is only required to prove the third element. Id. at 96–97; Fid. & Guar. Ins. Co. 

v. Drewery Const. Co., Inc., 186 S.W.3d 571, 574 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam). An individual 

who is not served with process cannot be at fault or negligent in allowing a default 

judgment to be rendered; therefore, the third element is conclusively established if the 

defendant proves non-service. Caldwell II, 154 S.W.3d at 97 (citing Caldwell v. Barnes

(Caldwell I), 975 S.W.2d 535, 537 (Tex. 1998)). Lack of service is purely a question of 

fact. Ward v. Nava, 488 S.W.2d 736, 738 (Tex. 1972); Garza v. Attorney Gen., 166 

S.W.3d 799, 811 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2005, no pet.).

C. Discussion

The Tummels’ petition for garnishment alleged that MMG is: (1) a foreign 

corporation, (2) whose home office is located at 10th Floor, 53E Street, Marbella, 

Panama, Republic of Panama, (3) that makes contracts with Texas residents, (4) is 

required to designate and maintain a resident agent but does not do so pursuant to 

§ 17.042, and (5) the Texas Secretary of State is its agent for service pursuant to 

§ 17.044(a). See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §§ 17.042, 17.044.
7

MMG’s traditional motion for summary judgment included a second affidavit by De 

Diego Gambotti, who confirmed that MMG is incorporated in Panama and its “principal 

place of business [is located] at MMG Tower, 22nd Floor, Costa del Este, Avenida Paseo 

del Mar, Panama City, Republic of Panama.” It sought judgment on the ground of 

improper service based upon the incorrect address.

The Tummels responded by providing evidence of service on the Secretary of 

State, the default judgment, the affidavit of Harold K. Tummel, the Indictment of the Jones 

defendants, certified copies of the plea agreements of two of the Jones Defendants, and 

copies of various websites. Tummels alleged that Intermodal’s account at MMG was used 

to defraud investors and that MMG’s address continues to be listed as the “old address” 

by privatebanking.com. By its rejoinder to MMG’s reply, Harold provided an affidavit that 

purported to authenticate materials from Compass Bank that show transfers to MMG 

during 2012. Those transfers do not involve the Tummels, whose investments did not 

occur until October 2012 after the MMG account was closed, but allegedly show that 

during 2012, there were money transfers. The records do not reflect whose accounts were 

involved or the reasons for the transfers. Harold’s affidavit states that he received the 

materials in discovery from Compass Bank in other litigation and that the pages are true 

and correct copes of the documents he received.

MMG objected to much of Tummels’ summary judgment evidence on the grounds 

of hearsay, authenticity, and relevance. The record does not reflect any oral or written 

order on MMG’s objections. The trial court granted MMG’s traditional motion for summary 

judgment.
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A trial court has jurisdiction over a defendant under the long-arm statute when the 

Secretary of State has forwarded a copy of the citation and petition to the defendant as 

required by the long-arm statute and the petition alleged facts that if true subject the 

defendant to service pursuant to the long-arm statute. See Capitol Brick, Inc. v. Fleming 

Mfg. Co., 722 S.W.2d 399, 401 (Tex. 1986); Whitney v. L & L Realty Corp., 500 S.W.2d 

94, 96 (Tex. 1973); Comm’n of Contracts of Gen. Exec. Comm. of Petroleum Workers 

Union of Republic of Mexico v. Arriba Ltd., 882 S.W.2d 576, 585 (Tex. App.—Houston 

[1st Dist.] 1994, no writ). When the Secretary of State forwards the citation and the 

petition, it is conclusively presumed to be the agent for service for the nonresident 

defendant. Whitney, 500 S.W.2d at 96; Petroleum Workers Union, 882 S.W.2d at 585. A 

certificate from the Secretary of State is conclusive proof of service that the Secretary of 

State received and forwarded the process as required by the long-arm statute. 

However, “[i]f the Secretary of State sends the citation and a copy of the petition 

to the nonresident defendant using an incorrect address for the defendant, then a default 

judgment rendered against that defendant should be set aside.” Royal Surplus Lines Ins. 

Co. v. Samaria Baptist Ch., 840 S.W.2d 382 (Tex. 1992) (per curiam); Orgoo, Inc. v. 

Rackspace US, Inc., 341 S.W.3d 34, 43 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, no pet.) 

(reversing default judgment because the Texas Secretary of State sent the citation and a 

copy of the petition to the defendant using an incorrect address); Petroleum Workers 

Union, 882 S.W.2d at 585 (setting aside default judgment because the secretary of state 

was provided an incorrect address to serve defendant); see also Ward v. Hooper, No. 

05–00–01903–CV, 2002 WL 15881, at * 3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan. 8, 2002, no pet.) 
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(mem. op.) (holding service of process was defective because plaintiff used an incorrect 

address to serve defendant and setting aside default judgment).

MMG conclusively established that its address at MMG Tower in Panama City was 

its principal place of business since January 6, 2014, nearly a year before the Tummels 

served the lawsuit in this case. Although the “old” address in Marbella, Panama had been 

its address for the preceding twenty years, according to the testimony of its corporate 

representative, the MMG Tower address was MMG’s address beginning in January 2014. 

Texas authority compels the same conclusion the trial court reached; service by the 

Secretary of State at the wrong address does not constitute service and any default 

judgment based on such service cannot stand. See Royal Surplus Lines Ins. Co.., 840 

S.W.2d at 382; Orgoo, Inc., 341 S.W.3d at 43; Petroleum Workers Union, 882 S.W.2d at 

585.

Alternatively, the Tummels argue that MMG was negligent for not notifying internet 

companies like privatebanking.com of its new address or by not maintaining an agent for 

service with the Texas Secretary of State. But the case Tummels rely upon, Campus 

Investments, Inc. v. Cullever, 144 S.W.3d 464, 466 (Tex. 2004), in which the court held 

that a default judgment could be upheld even though the address that the Secretary of 

State served was erroneous, was based on Campus’s duty to keep the Secretary of State 

informed of its correct address. Unlike Campus Investments, MMG is not registered to do 

business in Texas and does not have a registered agent. The alleged negligence 

Tummels’ argue does not take this case out of the “no service” category and put it back 

into the three-part test category for bill of review. A party who is not served does not have 
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to prove anything except lack of service with the exception noted in Campus Investments.

Caldwell II, 154 S.W.3d at 96–97.

The Tummels further argue that MMG failed to prove “no service” because 

although MMG moved months before citation was served, their former building manager 

sent mail to them by messenger periodically and MMG eventually received the citation 

and petition. However, the Tummels ignore the well-established principle that ““[a] party 

who becomes aware of the proceedings without proper service of process has no duty to 

participate in them.” Caldwell II, 154 S.W.3d at 97 n.1; see Ross v. Nat’l Ctr. for the Emp’t

of the Disabled, 197 S.W.3d 795, 797–98 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam); accord Wilson v. 

Dunn, 800 S.W.2d 833, 837 (Tex. 1990) (“[M]ere knowledge of a pending suit does not 

place any duty on a defendant to act.”); Harrell v. Mexico Cattle Co., 11 S.W. 863, 865 

(Tex. 1889) (“A defendant . . . is not bound to take action until he has been duly served 

with process.”). As a result, the messengered delivery of a belated copy of the letter from 

the Secretary of State does not constitute service as a matter of law. See Ross, 197 

S.W.3d at 797–98.

We overrule the Tummels’ first, second, and third issues.

III. MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL

By their fourth issue, the Tummels argue that the trial court abused its discretion 

by denying their motion for new trial. We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for new 

trial for an abuse of discretion. Waffle House, Inc. v. Williams, 313 S.W.3d 796, 813 (Tex. 

2010). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts in an arbitrary or unreasonable 

manner, or, if it acts without reference to any guiding rules or principles. Downer v. 
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Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241–42 (Tex. 1985); Dugan v. Compass 

Bank, 129 S.W.3d 579, 582 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, no pet.).

The Tummels’ motion for new trial reurged their arguments that the three-pronged 

Craddock test applied and that MMG was not entitled to Bill of Review relief based upon 

those factors. Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124, 125 (Tex. 1939). 

Based upon our previous discussion in Part II(C), the Tummels served MMG at the wrong 

address using the Texas long-arm statue. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.

§§ 17.044, 17.045. A trial court does not acquire personal jurisdiction over a defendant 

who is not served in compliance with the statute. See Ross, 197 S.W.3d at 797–98; 

Whitney, 500 S.W.2d 96–97. When the Secretary of State forwards a citation to an 

incorrect address, service is defective and the trial court does not acquire jurisdiction over 

the defendant. Royal Surplus Lines Ins. Co., 840 S.W.2d at 382. Thus, a default judgment 

taken against the defendant cannot stand. Id.; Orgoo, Inc., 341 S.W.3d at 43; Petroleum 

Workers Union, 882 S.W.2d at 585. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying 

Tummels’ motion for new trial.

We overrule Tummels’ fourth issue.

IV. CONCLUSION

We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

GINA M. BENAVIDES,

Justice

Delivered and filed the

7th day of May, 2020.