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VOLUME 4. TABLE OF CONTENTS

AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONAL AUTHORIZATIONS

Page

CHAPTER 1. AIR NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

Section 1. General Navigation Concepts, Policies, and Guidance

1. General .......................................................................................................... 4-1

3. The Objective of Air Navigation ..................................................................... 4-1

5. General Concepts ........................................................................................... 4-1

7. The Concept of an ATC Clearance .................................................................. 4-2

9. Concept of Navigation Performance ................................................................ 4-2

11. Concept of the Degree of Accuracy Required for Control of Air Traffic ........... 4-3

13. Concept of Operational Service Volume .......................................................... 4-3

15. Categories of Navigational Operations ............................................................ 4-4

17. U.S. Public Law, International Agreements, and Standards Related to 

Air Navigation ............................................................................................... 4-5

19. Relationship Between the FAR, ICAO, SARP’s, and National Regulations ....... 4-7

21. Relationship of U.S. Operational FAR to Air Navigation ................................. 4-8

23. FAR Specifying Air Navigational Equipment Requirements ............................. 4-8

25. GPS Navigation .............................................................................................. 4-13

27. Protection of Persons and Property .................................................................. 4-14

126.-30. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-14

Section 2. Air Navigation Approval Requirements

31. General .......................................................................................................... 4-23

33. Inspector-Subject Familiarization and Approval Requirements......................... 4-23

35. Determining the Class of Navigation ............................................................... 4-23

37. Special Operations ......................................................................................... 4-24

39. Airworthiness of Navigation Equipment .......................................................... 4-24

41. Training Programs and Manuals ...................................................................... 4-25

43. Minimum Equipment Lists .............................................................................. 4-25

45. Navigation Practices, Techniques, and Procedures ........................................... 4-25

47. Validation Testing Requirements .................................................................... 4-26

49. Guidance for Use of Aircraft Equipment Suffix /G .......................................... 4-26

51. FAA approval of GlobalPpositioning (GPS) Equipment ................................... 4-26

52.-70. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-27

Section 3. Class I Navigation

71. General .......................................................................................................... 4-33

73. VFR Class I Navigation .................................................................................. 4-33

75. Types of VFR Class I Navigation .................................................................... 4-34

77. VFR Class I Navigation Approvals.................................................................. 4-34

79. Part 135 Pilotage VFR Class I Navigation Standard Practices (TBD)* .............. 4-35

81. Part 135 Station-Referenced VFR Class I Navigation Standard

Practices (TBD) ............................................................................................. 4-35

83. Part 121 Station-Referenced VFR Class I Navigation Standard

Practices (TBD) ............................................................................................. 4-35

85. IFR Class I Navigation ................................................................................... 4-35

87. Types of IFR Class I Navigation ..................................................................... 4-35

89. IFR Class I Navigation Approvals ................................................................... 4-36

91. Standard ICAO NAVAID IFR Class I Navigation Standard Practices (TBD)..... 4-37

93. Area Navigation Systems IFR Class I Navigation Standard Practices (TBD) ..... 4-37
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95. Part 135 Single Pilot IFR Class I Navigation Standard Practices (TBD)............ 4-37

97. Part 135 Helicopter IFR Class I Navigation Standard Practices (TBD) ............. 4-37

98.-110. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-37

 Section 4.Class II Navigation

111. General .......................................................................................................... 4-43

113. VFR Class II Navigation ................................................................................. 4-43

115. Part 135 Airplane VFR Class II Navigation Standard Practices (TBD).............. 4-43

117. Helicopter VFR Class II Navigation Standard Practices (TBD) ........................ 4-43

119. IFR Class II Navigation .................................................................................. 4-43

121. Types of IFR Class II Navigation .................................................................... 4-43

123. IFR Class II Navigation Approvals ................................................................. 4-46

125. Class II Navigation Using ICAO Standard NAVAID’S Supplemented by Dead

Reckoning Standard Practices (TBD) .............................................................. 4-47

127. Pilot-Operated Electronic Long-Range Navigation Systems Standard

Practices (TBD) ............................................................................................. 4-47

129. Flight Navigator Standard Practices (TBD) ..................................................... 4-47

131. Confirmation of System Accuracy and Reliability (TBD) ................................. 4-47

132.-200. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-47

Section 5. Special Navigation Areas of Operation

201. General .......................................................................................................... 4-69

203. Areas Requiring High Levels of Long-Range Navigation Performance ............. 4-69

205. North Atlantic Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications Airspace

(NAT/MNPS) ................................................................................................. 4-70

207. Canadian Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications Airspace .............. 4-71

209. Operations in Airspace Where Composite Separation is Applied by ATC ......... 4-72

211. Areas of Magnetic Unreliability ...................................................................... 4-72

213. Areas With Significant Communications and/or Air Traffic Control Difficulties 4-73

215. Evaluation Criteria for Areas with Communications and ATC Difficulties........ 4-74

217. Operations in Restricted International Areas ................................................... 4-75

219. South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Control Areas (Atlantic and Gulf Routes) ... 4-76

221. Special Areas Where Redundant Long-Range Navigation Systems are Usually

Not Required .................................................................................................. 4-76

223. Air Transportation Operations Within the Former Soviet Union ....................... 4-77

224.-284. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-80

Section 6. General Communications Concepts, Policies, and Guidance

285. General .......................................................................................................... 4-107

287. Very High Frequency (VHF)/High Frequency (HF) Communications (TBD) ..... 4-107

289. Communications Equipment Requirements for Over-Water Operations............. 4-107

291. Data Link (TBD) ............................................................................................ 4-108

293. Automatic Dependent Surveillance (TBD) ....................................................... 4-108

295. Satellite Voice (TBD) ..................................................................................... 4-108

296.-400. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-108

CHAPTER 2. ALL-WEATHER TERMINAL AREA OPERATIONS

Section 1. Introduction to and Evolution of All-Weather Terminal Area Operations

401. General Background ....................................................................................... 4-121

403. Evolution of AWTA Operations ...................................................................... 4-121

405. Current Category I (CAT I) Operations ........................................................... 4-122

407. Evolution of Current Category II (CAT II) Operations ..................................... 4-123
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409. Evolution of Current Category III (CAT III) Operations .................................. 4-124

411. Future Reductions to Landing Minimums ........................................................ 4-125

413. Authority and Responsibility for Approval of AWTA Operations ..................... 4-125

414.-440. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-126

Section 2. General Concepts for All-Weather Terminal Area Approach Procedures

441. General .......................................................................................................... 4-135

443. Basic Types of AWTA Approach and Landing Operations ............................... 4-135

445. Categories of Instrument Approach Procedures................................................ 4-136

447. Operating Minimums ...................................................................................... 4-136

449. Controlling Minimum Concept ........................................................................ 4-136

451. “Look-See” Approaches.................................................................................. 4-137

453. Instrument Approach Procedures..................................................................... 4-137

455. U.S. Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAP) ................................... 4-138

457. Other Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) .................................................. 4-138

459. Special Approach and Landing Operations ...................................................... 4-139

461. Global Positioning System (GPS) Approach Procedures................................... 4-141

463. GPS Overlay Approach Procedures ................................................................. 4-141

464.-470. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-143

Section 3. Factors Affecting All-Weather Terminal Area Operations

471. General Factors Affecting Operating Minimums .............................................. 4-145

473. Precision of Flightpath Control ....................................................................... 4-145

475. Obstacle Clearance ......................................................................................... 4-145

477. Function of External Visual References........................................................... 4-145

479. Maximum Sink Rates...................................................................................... 4-146

481. Cockpit Design............................................................................................... 4-146

483. Minimum Instrument Flight Altitudes ............................................................. 4-147

485. Minimum Visibility, Runway Visibility Values, and/or Runway Visual Range .. 4-148

487. Safety During Go-Arounds ............................................................................. 4-148

489. Concept of Decision Height (DH) ................................................................... 4-149

491. Concept of Minimum Descent Altitude and Missed Approach Point

(MDA/MAP) .................................................................................................. 4-150

493. Concept of Circling Maneuvers....................................................................... 4-151

495. Concept of Runway Visual Range ................................................................... 4-151

497. General Factors Affecting Seeing Conditions .................................................. 4-152

499. Weather Conditions/Fog Structure .................................................................. 4-152

501. Visual Aids and Runway Environment ............................................................ 4-153

503. Effects of Aircraft/Cockpit Design on Seeing Conditions ................................. 4-154

505. Eye Reference Position ................................................................................... 4-155

507. Threshold Crossing Height (TCH) Concept ..................................................... 4-155

509. Visual Illusions .............................................................................................. 4-156

511. Stabilized Approach Concept .......................................................................... 4-158

513. Air Traffic Control Concepts .......................................................................... 4-158

515. Airport Facilities and Services ........................................................................ 4-160

516.-530. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-161

Section 4. Category I Operations

531. General .......................................................................................................... 4-173

533. Definition of CAT I Approach and Landing Operations ................................... 4-173

535. Generic CAT I Operational Concepts .............................................................. 4-173

537. Fundamental Operating Principles................................................................... 4-174

539. Cat I Operating Minimums for Public Instrument Approaches .......................... 4-174

541. Basic Air Carrier Operating Minimums ........................................................... 4-175
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543. Standard Air Carrier Operating Minimums ...................................................... 4-176

545. Authorized CAT I Instrument Approach Procedures ........................................ 4-177

547. Basic IFR and Standard CAT I Operating Practices ......................................... 4-177

549. The Standard AWTA Operating Procedure ...................................................... 4-179

551. Evaluation and Approval of CAT I Operations ................................................ 4-180

553. CAT I Airport, Runway, and Ground-Based Equipment Requirements.............. 4-182

555. CAT I Operations Using Basic Air Carrier Operating Minimums...................... 4-182

557. CAT I Operations Using Standard Air Carrier Operating Minimums................. 4-185

559. Use of Standard Operating Minimums in Turbojet, Turbofan, and Propfan

Airplanes ....................................................................................................... 4-186

561. Special CAT I Operations ............................................................................... 4-188

563. Approval of CAT I All-Weather Operations .................................................... 4-190

564.-580. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-190

Section 5. Category II Operations

581. General .......................................................................................................... 4-211

583. CAT II Operational Concepts.......................................................................... 4-212

585. Standard CAT II Operations ........................................................................... 4-213

587. Special CAT II Operations.............................................................................. 4-215

589. CAT II Terminal Instrument Approach Procedures (U.S. Airports) ................... 4-216

591. Foreign CAT II Instrument Approach Procedures ............................................ 4-217

593. Foreign Flag CAT II Operations in the U.S. .................................................... 4-217

595. CAT II Evaluation and Approval Process ........................................................ 4-218

596.-610. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-219

Section 6. Category III Operations

611. General .......................................................................................................... 4-241

613. CAT III Operational Concepts ........................................................................ 4-242

615. Establishing CAT III Operating Minimums ..................................................... 4-243

617. Functional Requirements for Visual Reference ................................................ 4-245

619. Decision Region ............................................................................................. 4-245

621. Radio Altimeter and Pre-Threshold Terrain ..................................................... 4-246

623. Types of ILS Systems ..................................................................................... 4-247

625. Approval of CAT III Operating Minimums ...................................................... 4-248

627. Standard CAT III Operations .......................................................................... 4-250

629. Special CAT III Operations ............................................................................ 4-252

631. CAT III Terminal Instrument Approach Procedures (U.S.) ............................... 4-252

633. Foreign CAT III Instrument Approach Procedures ........................................... 4-252

635. Foreign Flag CAT III Operations in the U.S. ................................................... 4-253

637. CAT III Evaluation and Approval Process ....................................................... 4-255

639. Operations Specifications for CAT III Operations ........................................... 4-260

640.-644. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-260

Section 7. Lower-Than-Standard Takeoff Minimums

645. General .......................................................................................................... 4-281

647. Training ......................................................................................................... 4-281

648.-658. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-281

Section 8. MLS, GPS, and Loran-C Systems (TBD)

659.-670. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-299

Section 9. Authorization for the Use of Special Terminal Instrument Procedures

671. General .......................................................................................................... 4-321

673. Background .................................................................................................... 4-321
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675. Authority and Responsibility for Special Terminal Instrument Procedures ........ 4-321

677. Special Procedures ......................................................................................... 4-322

679. POI Authorization for Operator use of a Special Terminal

Instrument Procedure ...................................................................................... 4-322

681. Practices and Policies for IFR Departure Procedures........................................ 4-323

683. Flight Procedures Standards Waiver to Special Terminal Instrument

Procedures ..................................................................................................... 4-323

685. Provisional Authorizations.............................................................................. 4-323

687. Special IFR Departure Procedures for Departure from Airports Without

Instrument Approach Procedures (Part 135 Operators Only)............................. 4-324

689. NOTAM’s ...................................................................................................... 4-324

690.-900. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-324

CHAPTER 3. AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AND AIRPORT DATA

Section 1. Airplane Performance Computation Rules

901. General .......................................................................................................... 4-331

903. Overview of Airplane Performance Rules ........................................................ 4-331

905. Large Airplane Certification ........................................................................... 4-333

907. Determining Applicable Operating Rules ........................................................ 4-333

909. Small Airplane Certification ........................................................................... 4-333

911. V Speed Definitions ....................................................................................... 4-335

913. Runway Length .............................................................................................. 4-336

915. Runway Limit Weight--Transport and Commuter Categories............................ 4-337

917. Takeoff Conditions......................................................................................... 4-337

919. Wind Conditions During Takeoffs and Landings.............................................. 4-338

921. Water and Contamination of Runways............................................................. 4-339

923. Tire Speed and Brake Limits........................................................................... 4-339

925. Takeoff Climb Limit Weight ........................................................................... 4-339

927. Takeoff Weights Limited by Obstacles ............................................................ 4-339

929. En Route Performance Limits ......................................................................... 4-340

931. Approach and Landing Climb Limits ............................................................... 4-342

934.-946. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-343

Section 2. Airplane Performance Rules

947. General .......................................................................................................... 4-365

949. Large, Reciprocating-Powered, Transport Category Airplane Performance ....... 4-365

951. Large, Turbine-Powered Transport Category Airplane Performance ................. 4-369

953. Performance Rules for Large Nontransport Airplanes ...................................... 4-377

955. Rules for Release of Commuter Category Airplanes......................................... 4-379

957. Small Transport Category Airplanes Operated Under Part 135 ......................... 4-381

959. Small, Nontransport Category Airplanes with 10 to 19 Passenger Seats and

Up to 12,500 MTOW ...................................................................................... 4-381

961. Rules for Release of SFAR 41.1(b) Airplanes .................................................. 4-383

963. Rules for Release of Small, Normal Category Airplanes with Less

than 10 Seats .................................................................................................. 4-383

964.-974. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-385

Section 3. Approval of Performance Data Sections of CFM’s

975. General .......................................................................................................... 4-409

977. Manual Computation System From AFM Data ................................................. 4-410

979. Tabulated Data Method ................................................................................... 4-410

981. Simplified Data Method .................................................................................. 4-410

983. Real Time Method .......................................................................................... 4-411
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985. Evaluation of an Operator’s System ................................................................ 4-411

986.-996. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-412

Section 4. Airport Data Acquisition Systems

997. General .......................................................................................................... 4-435

999. Obstacle Data Sources .................................................................................... 4-435

1001. Approval of Data Acquisition Systems ............................................................ 4-436

1002.-1012. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-437

Section 5. Selected Practices

1013. General .......................................................................................................... 4-459

1015. Non-Transport Category Airplane Operating Limitations ................................. 4-459

1017. Approval of Drift-Down and Fuel-Dumping Procedures................................... 4-459

1019. En Route Operations with Landing Gear Extended ........................................... 4-460

1021. High-Speed Taxi Starts with One Powerplant Inoperative ................................ 4-460

1023. Approval of Unpaved Runways for Turbojet Operations .................................. 4-460

1025. Air Carrier Winter Operations......................................................................... 4-460

1027. Deviation for Obstacle Clearance Data for Certain Turbojet Airplanes in

Part 135 Operations........................................................................................ 4-461

1028.-1064. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-462

CHAPTER 4. MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LISTS (MEL) AND CONFIGURATION DEVIATION LISTS (CDL)

Section 1. General

1065. Background .................................................................................................... 4-561

1067. General .......................................................................................................... 4-561

1069. Applicability .................................................................................................. 4-561

1071. POI’s Responsibilities .................................................................................... 4-561

1073. Definitions ..................................................................................................... 4-561

1075. Purpose of MEL ............................................................................................. 4-562

1077. Items Listed on the MEL ................................................................................ 4-562

1079. Timely Repair of Items that are Inoperative ..................................................... 4-563

1081. Recordkeeping ............................................................................................... 4-563

1083. Multiple Items that are Inoperative ................................................................. 4-563

1085. Fleet Approval ............................................................................................... 4-563

1087. MEL Revisions .............................................................................................. 4-563

1089. Access to MEL ............................................................................................... 4-563

1091. Conflict with Other FAA-Approved Documents............................................... 4-563

1092.-1104. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-563

Section 2. Master Minimum Equipment Lists (MMEL) Development and Approval Process

1105. General ..........................................................................................................

1107. Proposed Master Minimum Equipment List (PMMEL) ..................................... 4-577

1109. Initial MMEL Approval Process...................................................................... 4-577

1111. MMEL Revision Procedures ........................................................................... 4-577

1113. Lead Airline Concept ..................................................................................... 4-578

1114.-1122. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-578

Section 3. MEL Approval Process

1123. General .......................................................................................................... 4-589

1125. MEL Acceptability ......................................................................................... 4-589
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1127. Initial Phase of MEL Approval ....................................................................... 4-589

1129. Final Phase of MEL Approval Process............................................................. 4-590

1131. Terms and Conditions of Relief....................................................................... 4-594

1133. Demonstration Phase ...................................................................................... 4-595

1135. POI Approval of the Operator’s MEL .............................................................. 4-595

1137. Program Tracking and Reporting Subsystem (PTRS) Input............................... 4-595

1139. Final Step ...................................................................................................... 4-595

1140.-1148. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-595

Section 4. AMEL Use in Service

1149. General .......................................................................................................... 4-609

1151. Revision Procedures ....................................................................................... 4-609

1153. Tracking of Revision Status ............................................................................ 4-610

1155. Availability of MEL for Flight Crewmembers.................................................. 4-610

1157. Method of Authorizing Flight Crewmember Access to MEL............................. 4-610

1159. Discrepancies Discovered During Flight.......................................................... 4-611

1161. Documentation of Discrepancies ..................................................................... 4-611

1163. Conflict with Airworthiness Directives ........................................................... 4-611

1165. Interrelationships of Inoperative Components.................................................. 4-611

1167. Repair Categories ........................................................................................... 4-611

1169. Program Tracking and Reporting Subsystem (PTRS) Input............................... 4-612

1170.-1180 Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-612

Section 5. Master Minimum Equipment List Subsystem (MMEL Subsystem)

1181. Background .................................................................................................... 4-623

1183. General .......................................................................................................... 4-623

1185. System Capability .......................................................................................... 4-623

1187. System Access Instructions and Support .......................................................... 4-623

1189. Automatic Notification ................................................................................... 4-623

1191. MEL Status Reports........................................................................................ 4-623

1193. Global Changes .............................................................................................. 4-623

1195. Public Access to MMEL ................................................................................. 4-623

1196.-1206. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-624

Section 6. Configuration Deviation Lists

1207. General .......................................................................................................... 4-637

1209. Development and Approval of a CDL .............................................................. 4-637

1211. Use of the CDL .............................................................................................. 4-637

1213. Operational Control ........................................................................................ 4-637

1214.-1334. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-637

CHAPTER 5. AIR AMBULANCE OPERATIONS

Section 1. Background and Definitions

1335. Introduction ................................................................................................... 4-759

1336. Background .................................................................................................... 4-759

1337. Definitions ..................................................................................................... 4-759

1339. Overview of Helicopter Air Ambulance Services ............................................. 4-760

1341. Overview of Airplane Air Ambulance Services................................................ 4-761

1343. Operators Requiring Air Ambulance Operations Specifications Paragraphs ...... 4-761

1345. FAA Policy Regarding "Compensation or Hire" Considerations for Charitable

Flights or Life Flights..................................................................................... 4-762

1346.-1354. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-762
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Section 2. Authorizations for FAR Part 135 Air Ambulance Services

1355. General .......................................................................................................... 4-775

1357. Existing Operators Initiating Air Ambulance Operations.................................. 4-775

1358.-1368. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-776

Section 3. Air Ambulance Service Operational Procedures

1369. General .......................................................................................................... 4-789

1371. Administrative Procedures .............................................................................. 4-789

1373. Preflight Planning .......................................................................................... 4-790

1375. In-flight Procedures........................................................................................ 4-790

1377. Emergency Procedures ................................................................................... 4-791

1379. Servicing of Aircraft With Patients On Board .................................................. 4-791

1381. Postflight Procedures...................................................................................... 4-792

1382.-1392. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-792

Section 4. Air Ambulance Service Operations Programs

1393. General .......................................................................................................... 4-805

1395. Helicopter Training Programs ......................................................................... 4-805

1397. Airplane Training Programs............................................................................ 4-805

1399. Medical Personnel and Flightcrew Coordination Training ................................ 4-806

1400.-1460. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-806

CHAPTER 6. AIRPLANE AUTHORIZATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

Section 1. Selected Practices

1461. General .......................................................................................................... 4-869

1463. Airborne Thunderstorm Detection Equipment Requirements for 

Part 135 Operations........................................................................................ 4-869

1465. Passenger Occupancy of a Pilot Seat ............................................................... 4-869

1466.-1532. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-870

CHAPTER 7. ROTORCRAFT AUTHORIZATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

Section 1. IFR Offshore Operations

1533. Introduction ................................................................................................... 4-941

1535. General .......................................................................................................... 4-941

1537. Application Process for Helicopter IFR Offshore Operations ........................... 4-941

1539. Specific Operator Requirements and Procedures .............................................. 4-941

1541. Geographic Coordination ................................................................................ 4-942

1542.-1552. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-942

Section 2. Helicopter En Route Descent Areas (HEDA)

1553. General .......................................................................................................... 4-949

1555. Request for Approval of HEDA ...................................................................... 4-949

1557. District Office Approval Procedures ............................................................... 4-949

1559. HEDA Pictorial and Plan View Criteria ........................................................... 4-950

1560.-1570. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-950

Section 3. Offshore Instrument Approach Procedures

1571. General .......................................................................................................... 4-961

1573. Approach Approval Procedures....................................................................... 4-961

1574.-1682. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-961
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CHAPTER 8. GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING PROGRAMS

Section 1. General

1683. Background .................................................................................................... 4-1061

1685. Rule ............................................................................................................... 4-1061

1687. FAR Part 121 Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing ........................................................ 4-1061

1689. FAR Part 121 Definitions ............................................................................... 4-1062

1691. FAR Part 121 Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Program .......................................... 4-1062

1693. Management Plan ........................................................................................... 4-1062

1695. Holdover Timetables and the Procedures for Their Use .................................... 4-1062

1697. FAR Part 135 Ground Deicing/Anti-Icing Training and Checking Rule ............ 4-1063

1699. Pretakeoff Contamination Check ..................................................................... 4-1064

1701. Applicability of the Part 135 Ground Deicing Rule .......................................... 4-1064

1703. Training Requirements of the FAR Part 135 Ground Deicing Rule ................... 4-1064

1705. Sources of Information ................................................................................... 4-1065

1706.-1738. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-1066

Section 2. Approval of FAR Parts 121 and 135 Procedures

1739. General .......................................................................................................... 4-1091

1741. Approval Process ........................................................................................... 4-1091

1743. Phase One—Initial Discussion ........................................................................ 4-1092

1745. Phase Two—Initial Operator Submission ........................................................ 4-1092

1747. Phase Three—Preliminary Approval................................................................ 4-1093

1749. Phase Four—Validation Testing ...................................................................... 4-1094

1751. Phase Five—Final Approval ........................................................................... 4-1095

1753. OpSpecs Issuance Instructions ........................................................................ 4-1095

1754.-1774. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-1095

CHAPTER 9. LOW VISIBILITY TAXI OPERATIONS

Section 1. Background and Responsibilities

1775. General .......................................................................................................... 4-1141

1777. Background .................................................................................................... 4-1141

1779. Applicability .................................................................................................. 4-1141

1781. Air Carrier Responsibilities ............................................................................ 4-1141

1783. FAA Responsibilities...................................................................................... 4-1141

1784.-1794. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-1142

Section 2. Implementation and Surveillance

1795. General .......................................................................................................... 4-1153

1797. Implementation .............................................................................................. 4-1153

1799. Surveillance ................................................................................................... 4-1153

1800.-1810. Reserved ........................................................................................................ 4-1153
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