1 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov The Parker Ranch installation in Hawaii 

# BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM

Distribution Transformers

Energy Conservation Program LBNL Staff on behalf of

U.S. Department of Energy

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy



## November 28, 20112 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Draft Engineering, Life

**- Cycle Cost, Payback Period, and** 

**National Impacts Analysis Results**

**for Low**

**- Voltage Dry** 

**- Type Transformers** 

Prepared for the Low

- Voltage Distribution Transformers Negotiated

Rulemaking Working Group

November 28, 2011

**Contents**

• Engineering Analysis Results for Design Lines 6

- 8

• Life

- Cycle Cost Results for Design Lines 6

- 8

• Payback Period Results for Design Lines 6

- 8

• National Impacts Analysis Results for Design Lines 6

- 8 

# Contents3 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 6 Engineering: 25kVA

1 Φ 10kV BIL

$

- $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $3,500

97.80% 98.00% 98.20% 98.40% 98.60% 98.80% 99.00% 99.20% 99.40% 99.60% 99.80% 100.00%Manufacturer Selling Price ($)

Efficiency at 35% load, Temperature Corrected M6_AlAl_bl_co

M5_AlAl_bl_co

M4_AlAl_bl_co

M3_AlAl_bl_co

M3_CuAl_bl_co

M3_CuAl_bl_sh

H0_AlAl_bl_co

H0_CuCu_bl_co

SA1_AlAl_dgw_co

SA1_CuCu_dgw_co

CSLs CSL 0

EPACT '05 CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3

NEMA Pr. CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6 CSL 74 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 7 Engineering: 75kVA

3 Φ 10kV BIL

$500 $1,500 $2,500 $3,500 $4,500 $5,500 $6,500 $7,500 $8,500 $9,500

97.80% 98.00% 98.20% 98.40% 98.60% 98.80% 99.00% 99.20% 99.40% 99.60%Manufacturer Selling Price ($)

Efficiency at 35% Load, Temperature Corrected M12_AlAl_bl_3leg

M12_CuAl_bl_3leg

M6_AlAl_bl_3leg

M6_AlAl_fm_3leg

M4_CuAl_fm_3leg

M3_AlAl_fm_3leg

M3_AlAl_slm_3leg

H0_AlAl_fm_3leg

H0_AlAl_slm_3leg

H0_CuCu_fm_3leg

SA1_AlAl_dgw_5leg

SA1_CuCu_dgw_5leg

CSLs CSL 0

EPACT '05 CSL 1 CSL 2 CSL 3

NEMA Pr. CSL 4 CSL 5 CSL 6 CSL 75 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 8 Engineering: 300kVA

3 Φ 10kV BIL

$2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 $18,000

98.40% 98.60% 98.80% 99.00% 99.20% 99.40% 99.60% 99.80% 100.00%Manufacturer Selling Price ($)

Efficiency at 35% Load, Temperature Corrected M6_AlAl_bl_3leg

M6_AlAl_fm_3leg

M6_CuCu_fm_3leg

M5_AlAl_bl_3leg

M5_AlAl_fm_3leg

M4_CuAl_fm_3leg

M3_AlAl_fm_3leg

M3_AlAl_slm_3leg

M3_CuAl_fm_3leg

H0_AlAl_fm_3leg

H0_AlAl_slm_5leg

H0_CuCu_fm_3leg

SA1_AlAl_dgw_5leg CSL 0

EPACT

'05 CSL 1 CSL 2

NEMA

Pr. CSL

3 CSL 4 CSL

5 CSL

6 CSL

76 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 6 LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Efficiency (%) 98.23% 98.47% 98.60% 98.80% 98.93% 99.17% 99.44%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 0.03% 4.80% 20.70% 20.62% 20.45% 40.61% 95.05%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 90.30% 95.20% 79.30% 79.38% 79.55% 59.39% 4.95%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 9.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 272 301 193 279 300 138

- 939

Median LCC Savings ($) 275 294 173 246 269 97

- 990

- 2000 - 1500 - 1000

- 500 0 500 1000 1500

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7Average LCC Savings ($)

Efficiency Level Design Line 6 Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%

- 75%; Whisker 5%

- 95% median

average7 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 7 LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Efficiency (%) 98.23% 98.47% 98.60% 98.80% 98.93% 99.17% 99.44%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.7% 2.8% 3.5% 45.0%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 98.6% 98.6% 98.6% 98.4% 97.2% 96.5% 55.1%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 1779 1779 1779 1856 2036 2286 334

Median LCC Savings ($) 1717 1717 1717 1787 1941 2194 190

- 3000 - 2000 - 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7Average LCC Savings ($)

Efficiency Level Design Line 7 Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%

- 75%; Whisker 5%

- 95% median

average8 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 8 LCC Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Efficiency (%) 98.80% 99.02% 99.14% 99.25% 99.32% 99.44% 99.58%

Transformers with Net Increase in LCC (%) 7.06% 5.11% 8.56% 14.23% 10.54% 10.52% 77.90%

Transformers with Net LCC Savings (%) 92.94% 94.89% 91.44% 85.77% 89.46% 89.48% 22.10%

Transformers with No Impact on LCC (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean LCC Savings ($) 1020 2517 2722 2707 4131 4139

- 2724

Median LCC Savings ($) 901 2368 2517 2476 3864 3869

- 3067

- 10000

- 5000 0 5000 10000 15000

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7Average LCC Savings ($)

Efficiency Level Design Line 8 Average LCC Savings

Average; Median; Box 25%

- 75%; Whisker 5%

- 95% median

average9 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 6 PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mean Payback (Years) 0.8 6.1 13.8 13.7 13.8 17.5 35.1

Median Payback (Years) 0.7 5.1 12.2 13.0 13.3 16.9 33.8

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 90.33% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 9.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 1,122 1,198 1,335 1,657 1,716 1,944 2,818

Mean Installation Costs ($) 996 1,025 1,115 1,026 1,059 1,164 1,490

Mean Operating Costs ($) 133 126 119 102 96 87 80

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 9 114 341 573 665 998 2,199

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 15 22 29 46 52 61 68

Payback of Average Transformer 0.6 5.1 11.8 12.5 12.8 16.3 32.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7Average PaybackPeriod(years)

Efficiency Level Design Line 6 Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%

- 75%; Whisker 5%

- 95% median

average10 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 7 PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mean Payback (Years) 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 5.9 6.9 18.2

Median Payback (Years) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.3 5.8 6.8 17.7

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 3,414 3,414 3,414 3,458 3,813 4,089 5,929

Mean Installation Costs ($) 1,744 1,744 1,744 1,761 1,734 1,839 2,362

Mean Operating Costs ($) 222 222 222 215 187 153 131

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 466 466 466 527 854 1,236 3,599

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 121 121 121 129 156 190 212

Payback of Average Transformer 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 5.5 6.5 17.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7Average PaybackPeriod(years)

Efficiency Level Design Line 7 Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%

- 75%; Whisker 5%

- 95% median

average11 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Design Line 8 PBP Results

Efficiency Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mean Payback (Years) 9.1 8.4 10.4 12.3 11.2 11.2 24.9

Median Payback (Years) 8.6 8.2 10.1 12.1 11.0 11.0 24.3

Transformers having Well Defined Payback (%) 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Transformers having Undefined Payback (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Mean Retail Cost ($) 7,209 8,136 9,110 10,478 11,557 11,556 18,709

Mean Installation Costs ($) 2,849 2,999 3,153 3,271 3,158 3,158 3,905

Mean Operating Costs ($) 739 600 528 449 320 320 264

Mean Incremental First Cost ($) 788 1,865 2,994 4,479 5,445 5,444 13,343

Mean Operating Cost Savings ($) 98 236 308 388 517 517 573

Payback of Average Transformer 8.1 7.9 9.7 11.6 10.5 10.5 23.3

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

EL 1 EL 2 EL 3 EL 4 EL 5 EL 6 EL 7Average PaybackPeriod(years)

Efficiency Level Design Line 8 Average Payback Period

Average; Median; Box 25%

- 75%; Whisker 5%

- 95% median

average12 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

### EC 3 **EC 4**

**DL6 DL7**  **DL8**

**TSL1** EL 4 EL 4 EL 4

**TSL2** EL 4 EL 6 EL 6

**TSL3** EL 4 EL 4 EL 4

**TSL4** EL 4 EL 4 EL 4

**TSL5** EL5 EL 5 EL 5

**TSL6** EL 7 EL 7 EL 7

**TSL 7** EL 3 EL 3 EL 2 

# Proposed Trial Standard Levels

and Mapping of TSLs to ELs

The following draft Trial Standard Levels are presented for discussion.

Draft Trial Standard Levels (TSLs) Description

1. Minimum LCC / Max NPV

2. Max Energy Savings with positive (or near zero) NPV at 3% discount rate

3. 30% Reduction in Operating Costs

4. Materials constraint (greatest LCC Savings with M3 steel available as a

design option)

5. Materials constraint plus (gap

- fill between TSL 4 and TSL 6)

6. Maximum Technology

7. NEMA Premium13 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# National Impacts Results for LVDT,

by Trial Standard Level

Summary Results by TSL for Low

- Voltage Dry

- Type Transformers



# Draft Trial Standard Levels (TSLs) Description

1. Minimum LCC / Max NPV

2. Max Energy Savings with positive (or near zero) NPV at 3% discount

rate

3. 30% Reduction in Operating Costs

4. Materials constraint (greatest LCC Savings with M3 steel available as

a design option)

5. Materials constraint plus (gap

- fill between TSL 4 and TSL 6)

6. Maximum Technology

7. NEMA Premium Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.617 0.615 0.614 0.615 0.615 0.615 0.610 0.616

Equipment Cost Savings ($Billions) 19.244

- 3.226

- 5.860

- 3.226

- 3.226

- 4.623

- 16.491

- 2.217

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 26.533 11.954 17.092 11.954 11.954 14.533 19.417 10.387

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 1.288 1.842 1.288 1.288 1.575 2.078 1.120

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 8.728 11.232 8.728 8.728 9.910 2.926 8.170

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 2.146 2.428 2.146 2.146 2.249

- 2.292 2.16514 | Building Technologies Program eere.energy.gov 

# Summary Results by TSL for Equipment Class 3 

# National Impacts Results for LVDT,

by Trial Standard Level

Summary Results by TSL for Equipment Class 4 Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Cost Savings ($Billions) 0.890

- 0.241

- 0.241

- 0.241

- 0.241

- 0.279

- 0.914

- 0.143

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 0.841 0.404 0.404 0.404 0.404 0.464 0.621 0.268

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.050 0.067 0.029

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.164 0.164 0.164 0.164 0.185

- 0.294 0.124

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004

- 0.272 0.011

Trial Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer Shipments 2015

- 2044 (Billion KVA) 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59

Equipment Cost Savings ($Billions) 18.35

- 2.99

- 5.62

- 2.99

- 2.99

- 4.34

- 15.58

- 2.07

Operating Cost Savings ($ Billions) 25.69 11.55 16.69 11.55 11.55 14.07 18.80 10.12

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) 1.24 1.80 1.24 1.24 1.52 2.01 1.09

Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 8.56 11.07 8.56 8.56 9.72 3.22 8.05

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 2.14 2.42 2.14 2.14 2.24

- 2.02 2.15