WELCOME

to the 

DOE Webcast Presentatio

for

Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners an

Thursday, August 12, 2004, from 1:00 p.m. to 4

• This webcast has been arranged through Microsoft 2003. If you need help, there is a web site that you cato test your system. The link is http://www.livemeeting

customer support/browser check. • For technical support with LiveMeeting, please call 

• Audio for this webcast is accessible by dialing 1-202

(Reservation #104883). If you have any questions abocontact the DOE Headquarters Operator at (301) 903-3

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
DOE WEBCAST PRESENTAT

Analyses and Advance Noti

of Proposed Rulemaking Pro

for Commercial Unitary Air Cond

and Heat Pumps

Building Technologies Program

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewab

U.S. Department of Energy

August 12, 2004

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Preparing for the Public Meeti

 The DOE wants to assist stakeholders with underst

interpreting the material developed for the Advance Proposed Rulemaking (ANOPR)

 ANOPR Federal Register notice published July 29 at  Technical Support Document (TSD) appears on the 

http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/

 How to use and apply the spreadsheet tools:

 Life-cycle cost and payback periods analyses National impact analysis (national energy savings an

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Webcast Protocol

 Today's webcast is not part of the formal proces

provision to capture comments for the record

 Purpose: Familiarize you with the ANOPR spre

(education and clarification)

 Opportunity to ask clarification questions after e This is not a forum to critique the ANOPR analys The Department requests your comments:

 Public meeting - September 30, 2004 Written comments not later than November 12, 20

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
1 Rulemaking Overview

2 Engineering Analysis

3 Building Energy Use and End-Use Load C

4 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analy5 National Impact Analysis

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
• P

O

• A• A

M3

• N

c

• N

– 

• F

• Public Meetings on 

Test Procedures: April 14, 1998 and October 18, 1998

• Test Procedure 

Proposed Rule, August 9, 2000

• Public Meeting, 

September 21, 2000

• Test Procedure Final 

Rule, Pending

• Notice of Preliminary 

Screening Analysis, March 1, 2000

• Standards Final Rule 

for Water-Source Air Conditioners, January 12, 2001

Test Procedure

Rulemaking

Principal Procedural Steps for Commerci

Conditioners and Heat Pump

Stakeholder Participation

Previous 

Standards 

Rulemaking

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
• P

O

• A• A

M3

• N

c

• N

– 

• F

• Public Meetings on 

Test Procedures: April 14, 1998 and October 18, 1998

• Test Procedure 

Proposed Rule, August 9, 2000

• Public Meeting, 

September 21, 2000

• Test Procedure Final 

Rule, Pending

• Notice of Preliminary 

Screening Analysis, March 1, 2000

• Standards Final Rule 

for Water-Source Air Conditioners, January 12, 2001

Test Procedure

Rulemaking

Previous 

Standards 

Rulemaking

Principal Procedural Steps for Commerci

Conditioners and Heat Pump

Stakeholder Participation

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
• P

O

• A• A

M3

• N

c

• N

– 

• F

• Public Meetings on 

Test Procedures: April 14, 1998 and October 18, 1998

• Test Procedure 

Proposed Rule, August 9, 2000

• Public Meeting, 

September 21, 2000

• Test Procedure Final 

Rule, Pending

• Notice of Preliminary 

Screening Analysis, March 1, 2000

• Standards Final Rule 

for Water-Source Air Conditioners, January 12, 2001

Test Procedure

Rulemaking

Previous 

Standards 

Rulemaking

Principal Procedural Steps for Commerci

Conditioners and Heat Pump

Stakeholder Participation

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
• P

O

• A• A

M3

• N

c

• N

– 

• F

• Public Meetings on 

Test Procedures: April 14, 1998 and October 18, 1998

• Test Procedure 

Proposed Rule, August 9, 2000

• Public Meeting, 

September 21, 2000

• Test Procedure Final 

Rule, Pending

• Notice of Preliminary 

Screening Analysis, March 1, 2000

• Standards Final Rule 

for Water-Source Air Conditioners, January 12, 2001

Test Procedure

Rulemaking

Previous 

Standards 

Rulemaking

Principal Procedural Steps for Commerci

Conditioners and Heat Pump

Stakeholder Participation

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Standards Rulemaking

Framework

Document

Pr

e-A

N

OPR

Analysi

s

ANOPR PreN

O

P

R

Analysi

s NOPR 

Today

Stages of the Rulemaking Proc

Stakeholder Participation

9 Federal Register Notices

9 Written Comments9 Meetings and Oral Comments

9 Web-posting D9 Consultative M9 Webcasts

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
ANOPR Documents and Material Pu

 Federal Register Notice Technical Support Document (ANOPR version)

 Engineering Analysis Building Simulation Analysis Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis National Impact Analysis

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Building Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Building Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Building Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Building Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Building Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Rulemaki

Next Steps

 Webcast today to focus on explaining 

the spreadsheets posted on the web

 ANOPR public meeting on Thursday, 

September 30, 2004

 ANOPR - submit comments by Friday, 

November 12, 2004

 Please reserve your comments on the 

analysis for either the public meetin

g or 

submit written comments for the record

 Federal Register Notice, Technical Support 

Document and Spreadsheets published to the DOE website

 http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/c

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
How to Submit Comments...

 Public Meeting – oral comments will be captured in th

become part of the public record.

 Written comments – comment period open until Nove

Reference docket #: EE-RM/STD-01-375 and/or RIN 

Email: commercialairconditioner.anopr@ee.doe.govMail: Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones

U.S. Department of EnergyBuilding Technologies Program, Mail stop EE-2

ANOPR for Commercial Unitary Air ConditionerEE-RM/STD-01-3751000 Independence Avenue, SWWashington DC, 20585-0121

Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones

U.S. Department of EnergyBuilding Technologies Program, 1J-0181000 Independence Avenue, SWWashington DC, 20585-0121

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
1 Rulemaking Overview

2 Engineering Analysis

3 Building Energy Use and End-Use Load C

4 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analy5 National Impact Analysis

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Engineering –Flow Diagram ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Cost-Efficiency Curves

Engineering –Overview

Rulemak

• Life-Cycl• Manufact• Employm

Cost - Efficiency Relationship

Product Cost Delta

Product Efficiency (EER)

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Early Consultation and Refinem

Engineering – Early Consultation and Refinement

 Framework document posted online on June 

13, 2001.

 Informal public workshop held to discuss 

issues and data collection on October 1, 2001.

 Meeting with ARI and member companies held 

in November, 2002.

 Engineering Analysis summary presentation 

posted on the BT website in January, 2003.

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Engineering –Process Engineering Analysis Proces

 Define Equipment Classes and Baseline  Select Teardown Units, Perform Teardow

Materials, Develop Cost Model, Validate 

 Develop Manufacturers’ Cost-Efficiency 

Curves, Aggregate Curves to an Industry 

 Identify Design Options, Develop Perform

Model to Design Options, Validate Cost-

 Conduct R-410a Analysis, Incorporate S

Product 

Selection

Design Option 

Analysis

Cost Model 

Development

Cost-Efficiency 

Curve 

Development

Additional 

Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
8 9 10 

8 9 10 

ASHRAE 

90.1-1999 Level1

EPCA 1992 

Level1

7.5-ton Products

15-ton Products

Product Selection

Engineering – Product Selection

1 Based on ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Mandatory Minimum EER, including a reduction of 0.2 for units having a heating 

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Fixed Costs  Equipment and Plant Depreciation Tooling Amortization Equipment Maintenance Utilities Indirect Labor Cost of Capital Overhead LaborVariable Costs Manufactured Materials Purchased Materials Fabrication Labor Assembly Labor Shipping Indirect Materials

Direct

Labor

Direct

Materials

Factory

Expense

General

Expense

Sales

Expense

Profit

Manufacturing 

Cost

Corporate Expenses Research and Development Profit General & Administration Warranty Taxes Sales and Marketing

Shipping

Manufacturing Cost Compone

Engineering –Manufacturing Cost Components

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Cost Model Validation

Engineering – Cost Model Validation

Factory Cost Break

Model A Model B 

Factory Cost ($)

Factory Cost Breakdown

Labor

Material

Overhead & Ship

Depreciation

TOTAL

factory cost

Model A

$$$$$

Model B

$$$$$

Model C

$$$$$

ILLUSTRATIVE

EXAMPLE

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Cost-Efficiency Curve Developm

An exponential curve was fit to each manufacturer’s costefficiency points individually.

1

The data points were then normalized so that each manufacturer curve intersected at the ASHRAE 90.1-1999 EER level.

2

Nextexpowas fnormpointmanuextracurve EER.

3

Engineering –Cost-Efficiency Curve Development

EER

Normalized Product Cost

E

Normalized Product Cost

EER

Absolute Product Cost

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Engineering – 7.5-ton Cost-Efficiency Results 7.5 Ton Cost-Efficiency Res

-$250

$0

$250$500$750

$1,000

8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 

EER

Product Cost Delta ($) ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Standard1

Upper 95% Confidence Interval2Industry Average Cost-Efficiency CurveLower 95% Confidence Interval

1 Based on ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Mandatory Minimum EER, including a reduction of 0.2 for units having a heating 2 Confidence Interval represents the accuracy of the mean regression curve-fit (i.e., There is a 95% probability th

products at a given EER level would fall within the confidence interval).

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
a

t

c

an

ex

9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 

EER

Normalized Product CostILLUSTRATIVE

Illustrative Cost-Efficiency Curve 

Design Option Analysis

Manufacturer AManufacturer BManufacturer CDesign Options

Engineering – Design Option Analysis

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Validation of Cost-Efficiency Cu

-$250

$0

$250$500$750

$1,000

8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 

EER

Product Cost Delta ($) ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Standard1 Manufacturer “A” Design Options Manufacturer “B” Design Options

Upper 95% Prediction Interval2Upper 95% Confidence Interval3Industry Average Cost-Efficiency CurveLower 95% Confidence IntervalLower 95% Prediction Interval

1 Based on ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Mandatory Minimum EER, including a reduction of 0.2 for units having a heating 2 Prediction Interval represents the accuracy of predicting the cost of any single unit given its EER.3 Confidence Interval represents the accuracy of the mean regression curve-fit (i.e., There is a 95% probability t

products at a given EER level would fall within the confidence interval).

Engineering –Validation of Cost-Efficiency Curves

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
R-410a Analysis

Engineering – R-410a Analysis

 Because of the phase-out of CFC refrigerants, the engineerin

the cost-efficiency relationship of R-410a systems differ from 

 The properties of R-410a are different from those of R-22.

 The critical parameters in the analysis are the cost differentia

high efficiency units (rather than absolute cost) and whether t410a vs. R-22 products.

R-4

R-

$ of R-410a

Product Cost Delta $ of 

EER

 The 7.5-ton R-410a design option points based on a represen

follow a trend that is similar to the R-22 cost-efficiency curve. 

in the post ANOPR phase.

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
7.5 Ton R-410a Analysis Resu

 The R-410a points fall within the prediction interval of th

Engineering – 7.5-ton R-410a Analysis Results

-$250

$0

$250$500$750

$1,000

8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 1

EER

Product Cost Delta ($) ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Standard1 R-410A Design Options

Upper 95% Prediction Interval (R-22)Upper 95% Confidence Interval (R-22)Industry Average Cost-Efficiency Curve (R-22Lower 95% Confidence Interval (R-22)Lower 95% Prediction Interval (R-22)

1 Based on ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Mandatory Minimum EER, including a reduction of 0.2 for units having a heating 

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
1 Rulemaking Overview

2 Engineering Analysis

3 Building Energy Use and End-Use Load C

4 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analy5 National Impact Analysis

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

Purpose

 The purpose of the Energy Use and End-Use L

Characterization Analysis is to develop electricapeak electricity demand characteristics for buildcommercial unitary air-conditioning equipment.

 These characteristics are developed for selecte

efficiency levels, and for a diverse set of commeand climates

 The results of this analysis provide the basis for 

calculations used in the Life-Cycle Cost Analysi

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
S

Simulation Overview

Building Energy Use and End-U

Characterization

of Building Stock

Using CBECS1

Data

Development and

Simulation of

Building Prototypes

Using BLAST2

Energy

E

1 CBECS: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey conducted by DOE’s En

Administration (EIA)2 BLAST: Building Loads and System Thermodynamics energy simulation tool

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

Developing a Representative Set of B

CBECS95 Buildings U

Equipment - Numbe

2,596

2,101

1,033

0

1,0002,0003,000

Bldgs

 Based on 1995* 

CBECS Data

 Six Building 

Categories

 Minimum of 70% 

Floor Space In Each Building Cooled by Packaged Equipment

 1033 Buildings 

Selected

*1995 was the last CBECS survey with

new information on small buildings

CBECS95 Floorspace 

Equipment - Represente

14.2

9.4

12.1

0.05.0

10.015.0

Billion Sq Ft

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

Key Simulation Inputs 

 Building schedules Lighting loads Plug loads Occupancy Other Building characteristics such as:

• Roof construction• Wall construction• Windows• Aspect Ratio (ratio of building length to buildin• Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR)

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

Developing Parameters for Mechanica

 Sizing of the equipment – based on ASHRAE 

condition

 Over-sizing Factor: 0% - 25% over design day  Economizer (based on reported CBECS usage 

enthalpy control assumed)

 Thermostat set points and setback Total Fan Pressure = Internal fan static pressu

static pressure (by building type)

 Ventilation rates – based on ASHRAE Standar

(prescriptive ventilation rate tables)

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

Assigning Cli

 Nine census 

with 5 Clima26 GeoClim

 Within each 

buildings weTMY2 statioweights. 154 stations were simulations

+

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

EER Levels Used in Building Simul

EER Levels Used in Building Simulation

Case

EER 

Level Source

1 8.5 Existing EPCA Level for 135-242 8.9 Existing EPCA Level for 65-135 3 9.5 ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Level 135-4 10.0 0.5 EER increment5 10.1 ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Level 65-16 10.5 0.5 EER increment7 11.0 0.5 EER increment8 11.5 Highest reported EER for 135-29 11.8 Highest reported EER for 65-13

10 12.0 0.5 EER increment

Statutory 

Baseline 

Levels

*As of Dec, 2001

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

Simulation Methodology

15-zone, 3-story

Prototype

(48,000 sf)

Size equipment 

with BLAST 

design-day run

Scale re

match 

building g

Simulate annual 

energy use

with BLAST

Adjust c

and fan 

use for le

100% pa

coo

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Building Energy Use and End-U

Simulation Output

 Each of the 1033 buildings was simulated for eac

efficiency levels. The results provided from this a

• A stream of hourly electrical consumption for each 

(including cooling)

• The number of 7.5 ton or 15 ton air conditioning un

installed in the building to meet the peak loads

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
1 Rulemaking Overview

2 Engineering Analysis

3 Building Energy Use and End-Use Load C

4 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Anal5 National Impact Analysis

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Basic LCC Process Diagram

Economic evaluation from the customer p

Change in First Cost

Change in Operating Costs

Com

LC

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Basic LCC Process

 LCC equals first cost plus the sum of operating c

to a particular base year

 Implemented in an Excel

® spreadsheet

 Key sensitivities can be tested

 Results are expressed as LCC difference (base

candidate standard)

 One LCC spreadsheet for both equipment class

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

From 

Engineering 

Analysi

s

(Price is a 

function of 

EER)

LCC Flowc

Baseline

Manufacturer

Price

Std-Level

Manufacturer

Price

Wholesaler

Markup

General

Contractor

Markup

Sales Tax

Mechanical

Contractor

Markup

Installation

Cost

Total Installed

Cost

Equipment

Price

From Markups 

for Equipment 

Price 

Determination 

Analysi

s

 Energy

Consumption

 Power

Demand

Electricity

Prices

Annual Energy

Expense

Repair Cost

Maintenance

Cost

Annual

Operating

Expense

Lifetime

Discount Rate

Electricity

Price Trend

From Energy 

Use & End Use 

Load 

Characterization 

Analysi

s

(Energy Use & 

Load are a 

function of EER)

Payb

Peri

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Markups: Distribution Chann

Distribution Channels 1 & 2

represents 82.5% of distribution

Distribution 

represe

Manufacturer

Wholesaler

Large Mech.Contractor

32.5% of distribution

General Contractor

not present for replacement market

Small Mech. Contractor

50% of distribution

Customer Customer

General Contractor

not present for replacement market

y Two construction types: Replacement (70%) and New Construction (30%)

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Two Types of Markups: Baseline and In

 Markups relate customer price to cost of goods  Baseline markups relate price to cost prior to a 

efficiency

• Baseline markups indicate a customer price that covers 

or Contractor’s expenses plus profit

• Direct labor costs (salaries, payroll, rental and occupanc

 But some costs remain constant when CGS inc

 Incremental markups relate the incremental ch

price to the incremental change in CGS

• Incremental markups cover only expenses that vary with 

expenses that increase due to an increase in equipment 

• For example, direct labor costs (salaries, payroll, rental a

not vary with efficiency induced changes in CGS

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Example: Using Baseline and Incremental Mark

Customer Prices from Manufacturer 

Baseline Manufacturer Price $2000

Overall Baseline Markup x 2.31

Baseline Customer Price $4620

BASELINE CUSTOMER PRICE

Baseline Manufacture

Overall Baseline Mark

Baseline Customer P

CUSTOMER PRICE – MO

+

Incremental Manufact

Overall Incremental M

Incremental Custome

Total Customer Price 

Total Manufacturer P

Overall Markup Overall Markup 

=

divide 

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Electricity Prices Based on Two Appr

Tariff-Based and Hourly-Based

 Tariff-based

• Primary approach• Based upon non-residential electric utility tariffs collecte

 Hourly-based

• Secondary approach• Prices that might exist assuming all electricity markets a• Based upon the premise that an electricity provider cha• for what it costs to supply energy for air conditioning

 Marginal prices developed from both approaches

• Tariffs or Hourly Costs applied to building energy use a• Electricity bill savings and marginal prices calculated fro

improvement to air-conditioning equipment

 Electricity price forecasts are used to estimate fut

• Based on trends from the 2003 Annual Energy Outlook

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

LCC Input: Electricity Price Char

National average marginal price is high in the 

price trends decrease future prices 

0.00%2.00%4.00%6.00%8.00%

10.00%12.00%14.00%16.00%

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

Marginal Electricity Rate (Cents/kWh)

Percent of Comm AC Units

Tariff-Based Marginal Prices

Average = 10.0 cents/kWh

AEO 2003 

0.800.850.900.951.001.051.10

1995 2000 2005 2010 

Electricity Price Trend (2001 = 1.0)

High GrowthAEO 2003 Ref CaseLow Growth

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Summary of other LCC and PBP 

 Installation Costs

• Based on RS Means data: $1585 for baseline 7.5 ton unit, $214

• Costs vary in direct proportion to equipment weight

 Discount Rates

• Derived from estimates of the cost of capital of companies that • Cost of capital is calculated from the weighted-average cost to t

equity and debt financing

• Weighted-average value equals 6.1% real

 Equipment Lifetime

• Median age of 15 years based upon 1999 ASHRAE HVAC App• Survival function based upon Weibull probability distribution

 Repair Costs

• Baseline annual repair cost: $158 for 7.5 ton unit, $291 for 15 to• Increases in direct proportion to equipment manufacturing price

 Maintenance Costs

• Based upon RS Means data for 3 to 24 ton roof top air condition• Annual maintenance cost equals $200 and does not vary with c

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

LCC Flowchart – 

Baseline

Manufacturer

Price

Std-Level

Manufacturer

Price

Wholesaler

Markup

General

Contractor

Markup

Sales Tax

Mechanical

Contractor

Markup

Installation

Cost

Total Installed

Cost

Equipment

Price

From 

Engineering 

Analysis

(Price is a 

function of 

EER)

From Markups 

for Equipment 

Price 

Determination 

Analysis

 Energy

Consumption

 Power

Demand

Electricity

Prices

Annual Energy

Expense

Repair Cost

Maintenance

Cost

Annual

Operating

Expense

Lifetime

Discount Rate

Electricity

Price Trend

Payb

Perio

From Energy 

Use & End Use 

Load 

Characterization 

Analysi

s

(Energy Use & 

Load are a 

function of EER)

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Customer Variation

 A customer sample is developed where every cu We represent the variability among customers u

variables defined with probability distributions

 Monte Carlo simulation is a statistical technique 

from input variable distributions

 LCC results produced as 10,000-iterations

• Implemented with Crystal Ball ®, supplement to E

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Summary Sheet from LCC Spread

COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWh

Marginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWh

Maximum Annual Demand 163.5 kW

Square Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0

%

Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
User Options: Calculations

COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWh

Marginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWh

Maximum Annual Demand 163.5 kW

Square Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0

%

Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
User Options: Energy Price Proje

COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWh

Marginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWh

Maximum Annual Demand 163.5 kW

Square Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0

%

Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
User Options: Start Year

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWh

Marginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWh

Maximum Annual Demand 163.5 kW

Square Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0

%

Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
User Options: Product Class

COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWh

Marginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWh

Maximum Annual Demand 163.5 kW

Square Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0

%

Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
User Options: Installation & Repair 

COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWh

Marginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWh

Maximum Annual Demand 163.5 kW

Square Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0

%

Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWh

Marginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWh

Maximum Annual Demand 163.5 kW

Square Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0 %

Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

Assumptions

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4

Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWhMarginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWhMaximum Annual Demand 163.5 kWSquare Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0 %Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

Building Information

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
LCC Results (highlighted)

COMMERCIAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATIO

USER OPTIONS: LIFE CYCLE COSTS RESULTS:

Year of Purchase 2008Year Equipment Retires 2022Baseline Efficiency Level 2

Energy Price Projection Total Annual Annua

Installed Repair & Elec. B

Start Year Price Maint. Cost 2008 

($) ($/yr) ($/yr) 

Product Class 0 EER=9.5 $7,251 $381 $612 

1 EER=10.0 $7,290 $381 $581 

Baseline >> 2 EER=10.1 $7,298 $381 $575 

3 EER=10.5 $7,408 $385 $553 4 EER=11.0 $7,603 $393 $528 5 EER=11.5 $7,898 $407 $504 6 EER=11.8 $8,149 $418 $492 7 EER=12.0 $8,359 $428 $483 

ASSUMPTIONS:

Lifetime (years) 15.4

Discount Rate 7.1%

BUILDING INFORMATION:

Building ID 11Utility ID 733State DESub-Division 5.1Census Region 3Average Electricity Price 5.2 cents/kWhMarginal Electricity Price 5.8 cents/kWhMaximum Annual Demand 163.5 kWSquare Footage 25,000 sq.ft.

% Cooling Package 100.0

%

Installation Cost Multiplier 1.08Number of A/C Units 10.48Building Type SmRetOwner-occupied Yes * All costs in 2001 dollars

AEO 2003 - Reference Case

2008

 Sample Calculation Crystal Ball Simulation

7.5 tons

 Flat Increasing

Installation Cost

 Flat Increasing

Repair Cost

Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

7.5 Ton (

≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 

Sample Results

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Life-Cycle Cost and Pa

Crystal Ball Results for 10,000 ite

7.5 ton, 11.0 EER

Frequency Chart

Certainty is 92.60% from $0 to +Infinity

Mean = $533

.000.011.022.032.043

($1,200) $200 $1,600 $3,000 

10,000 Trials 

Forecast: 11.0 EER Delta LCC

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
1 Rulemaking Overview

2 Engineering Analysis

3 Building Energy Use and End-Use Load C4 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Anal5 National Impact Analysis

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagra

Framework

Document ANOPR NOPR Final Rule 

Market & Technology

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

Energy Use & End-Use LoadCharacterization

ShipmentsAnalysis

Markups forEquipmentPriceDetermination

Life-CycleCost andPayback Period Analyses

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

The Need for National Impact Ana

Q. Why isn’t the LCC the end of the economic analys

• Briefly, the LCC is performed from the perspective of 

unitary air conditioner customers and is not the sole enational impacts.

• Total National Energy Savings is not estimated by LC• Manufacturers impacts are not estimated by LCC

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

The Need for National Impact Analy

Q. How does the national impact analysis extend the 

A. Specifically the National Impact analysis ...

• Utilizes a shipments model to estimate the total st

conditioning units in service in any year.

• Utilizes the LCC to estimate the cost and energy 

given year. 

• Aggregates the costs and energy use, by vintage

the proposed standard is in effect.

• Accounts for energy at the source of production n

consumption.

• Accounts for the time value of money though disc

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

Purpose

 Estimate national energy savings (NES) (Quads s Estimate national economic impacts (national NPV

Method

 Spreadsheet-based tool Annual time series National summations with projections to the future

• Purchases to 2035• Energy Impact to 2035 (source)• Economic impact to 2065

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

Shipments Model

 Purpose

• Project the rate of new equipment shipments under a propos• Track the CUAC stock of equipment, by vintage, over the tim

 The life cycle of equipment is modeled as a “birth–

which equipment moves from one state to another 

• New equipment is purchased and shipped to a building• Equipment operates for some number of years in a building• The equipment is retired

 The model is probabilistic

• The change from one state to another is determined by a pro

 A new purchase is influenced by several factors

• Economics (e.g. equipment price and operating costs)• Equipment failures• New building construction rates

 The model is calibrated to historical shipments and 

data

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

Shipments Model: Fit to Historic

Model Fit To Historical Shipments: 65-134.9 kBtu

-

50,000

100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 20

Year

Shipments

Historical ShipmentsModel Shipments - Base Case

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

Base Case Annual

Energy Use

2035

Base Case Annual

Energy Use

2010

Base Case Annual

Energy Use

2009

An

Stan

Annua

Standar

Annual E

Base Case Annual

Energy Use

2008

Historical

Shipments

Base Case

Projected Shipments

P

Base Case 

Cumulative

Energy Consumption

Standa

Cum

Energy Co

Cumulative Site Energy Savings 

(Base Case – Standards Case)

Site-to-Source

Energy

Conversion

NES Flowchart

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

Site-to-Source Conversion

 Energy consumed at the site does not equal energy a

• Conversion losses• Transmission and distribution losses• Generation fuel mix• Generation plant mix change over time

 Conversion factors provided by DOE’s National Energ

(NEMS)

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

Base Case 

Cumulative

Energy Cost

2008 -2035

Base Case 

Cumulative

Repair & Maint Cost

2008 -2035

Historical

Shipments

Base Case

Projected Shipments

Pro

Base Case 

Cumulative

Total Equip Cost

2008 -2035

Standards Case 

Cumulative

Energy Cost

2008 -2035

Re

Base Case 

Cumulative

Operating Cost

Standards Cas

Cumulative

Operating Co

Base Case 

Cumulative

Total Equip Cost

Cumulative Operating

Cost Savings 

(Base Case – Standards Case)

(S

Net

Present Present

Value

National NPV Flowchart

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

Base Case Annual

Energy Cost

2035

Base Case Annual

Energy Cost

2010

Base Case Annual

Energy Cost

2009

Base Case Annual

Energy Cost

2008

Base Case Annual

Energy Use

2008

x Electricity

Price

2008

x Discount

Factor

2008

Discount

Rate

B

=

Historical

Shipments

Base Case

Projected Shipments

St

Proj

National NPV Flowchart: Energy Cost

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Na

Base Case 

Cumulative

Energy Cost

2008 -2035

Base Case 

Cumulative

Repair & Maint Cost

2008 -2035

Historical

Shipments

Base Case

Projected Shipments

Pro

Base Case 

Cumulative

Total Equip Cost

2008 -2035

Standards Case 

Cumulative

Energy Cost

2008 -2035

Re

Base Case 

Cumulative

Operating Cost

Standards Cas

Cumulative

Operating Co

Base Case 

Cumulative

Total Equip Cost

Cumulative Operating

Cost Savings 

(Base Case – Standards Case)

(S

Net

Present Present

Value

National NPV Flowchart

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A

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Base ASHRAE 10.0 10.5 

Cumulative Shipments (2008-2035) 7,798,287 7,783,771 7,774,447 - Shipments % Change 99.81% 0.00% 99.69% Equipment Cost Difference ($billions) $ (0.23) $ - $ (0.27) $ Operating Cost Savings ($billions) $ 0.75 $ - $ 0.84 $ NPV Value ($billions) $ 0.52 $ - $ 0.57 $ Cumulative Energy Savings (Quads) 0.31 0.00 0.39 

Standard Le

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Shipments Foreca

6000080000

100000120000140000160000180000200000220000240000260000280000300000320000340000360000

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 

Year

Shipments (units)

Base CaseASHRAE10.5 EER11.0 EER11.5 EER12.0 EER

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Cumulative Source E

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.2

ASHRAE

10.0

10.5

Stand

Cumulative Energy Savings 

(Quads)

Energy S

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
Std Level

11

Net Savings

-$1.0-$0.8-$0.6-$0.4-$0.2

$0.0$0.2$0.4$0.6$0.8$1.0

2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032

Year

Billion 2001$

Annual Equipment Price Change Annual Operating SavingsNet Annual Impact

Select Standard level to plot Annual Non-Discounted Net Impacts trend.

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A
EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A

'" 

" 

.. 

. ""'. 
Thank you, and for more inform

 Website - http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/co

 Public Meeting - Thursday, September 30, 2004, from 9 a.m. to 

DC. 

• If you would like to participate in the public meeting, please 

Brenda.Edwards-Jones@ee.doe.gov by e-mail or by telepho

 Comment Submission:

• E-mail: commercialairconditioner.anopr@ee.doe.gov• Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones, U.S. Department of Energ

Program, Mail Stop EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW

0121. 

• Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones, U.S. Department of En

Program, Room 1J-018, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, W

0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2945.

• All comments (electronic and hardcopy) should clearly ident

which is EE-RM/STD-01-375. The deadline for submitting co2004.

 Contact - Mr. James Raba, telephone: (202) 586-8654, or e-ma

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 23A