U.S. Trade and Development Agency

1992–2012

2012 Annual Report

Celebrating twenty 

years of promoting 

partnerships 

and U.S. exports
Mission

The U.S. Trade and Development Agency helps companies create U.S. jobs through 

the export of U.S. goods and services for priority development projects in emerging 

economies. USTDA links U.S. businesses to export opportunities by funding project 

planning activities, pilot projects, and reverse trade missions while creating sustainable 

infrastructure and economic growth in partner countries.

Table of Contents

Message from the Director. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

USTDA through the Years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2012: Leading Economic Partnerships around the World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Making Global Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Supporting Small Business Sales Overseas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Charting Our Progress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

USTDA Programs: Tools for Growth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Reverse Trade Missions: Making Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Conferences and Workshops: Identifying Opportunities, 

Showcasing Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Feasibility Studies and Pilot Projects: 

Getting It Right from the Start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Technical Assistance: Creating a Favorable 

Business and Trade Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Client Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Summary of FY 2012 Program Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

FY 2012 Program Activities Listed by Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Financial Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

ustda.gov
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 1

M essage from the D irector

USTDA has exceptional activities to highlight from 

the past year. The Agency launched new publicprivate partnerships in Brazil with its U.S.–Brazil 

Aviation Partnership, and in South Africa with its 

Aviation Initiative. At home, the Agency launched its 

Making Global Local Initiative, which aims to connect 

U.S. companies to market expansion opportunities in 

emerging economies and which is the largest state 

and local outreach strategy in the Agency’s history. 

Complementing these efforts, USTDA continued 

to link U.S. companies to foreign buyers through 

its International Business Partnership Program, 

successfully designing and supporting a record 

number of reverse trade missions and workshops.

USTDA is proud of the whole-of-government 

approach it took to supporting U.S. industry and 

export growth in FY 2012. In particular, through 

strategic coordination with other U.S. government 

agencies and international policy forums, the agency 

developed opportunities to lead and support the 

President’s National Export Initiative, in the process 

creating exports and jobs in the United States.

Through a combination of new and well-established 

programs, USTDA continued to emphasize activities 

that increased exports of U.S. manufactured goods 

and services while supporting the development of 

sustainable infrastructure in our partner countries. 

The Agency maintained its programming in the key 

sectors of energy, transportation, information and 

communication technologies and environmental 

infrastructure. This focus in sectors was matched by 

a focus in priority markets — twenty in total, which 

together are forecast to grow at nearly twice the rate 

of world GDP growth in 2013, and which accounted 

for 35 percent of all U.S. exports in 2011. 

The Agency’s targeted approach concentrates 

investments in areas of the greatest opportunity, 

thereby positioning U.S. companies to achieve 

exceptional results. The success of our U.S. company 

clients is reflected in the growth of our export 

multiplier. I am pleased to report that for the fourth 

year in a row, USTDA’s export multiplier has increased 

in FY 2012 — for every dollar the Agency programmed, 

an unprecedented $63 in U.S. exports were generated. 

Further, the more than $2.2 billion in new exports 

identified this year bring USTDA’s total exports 

generated since 1992 to over $32 billion.

As the Agency celebrates its twentieth anniversary, 

USTDA is happy to contribute to the growth in 

U.S. exports across industries and to economic 

development in emerging markets. This report 

highlights just a few of the ways in which the 

Agency played an important role in facilitating 

increased U.S. exports while encouraging economic 

development in our partner countries. 

Leocadia I. Zak

Director, U.S. Trade and Development Agency

U.S. Trade and Development 

Agency Director Leocadia I. Zak

This year was a special one at USTDA, marking twenty years 

since it was created as an independent agency through the 

aptly‐named “Jobs through Exports Act of 1992.” This 

anniversary has given the Agency an opportunity to look back 

on many of its previous successes, highlighted throughout 

this report, and to reflect on the growth and evolution of our 

program over the years as we continuously strive to respond to 

the needs of our U.S. private sector clients and overseas partners. 
2 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

TOTAL U.S. 

EXPORT CONTRACTS

3575

in 49 states

EXPORT CONTRACTS BY STATE

Across the United States, 

companies have realized 

export success through 

USTDA’s programs. The 

graphic depicts the states 

that have been awarded 

overseas sales contracts 

as a result of USTDA’s 

activities between 1992 

and 2012. 
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 3

USTDA Through the Years

From the break up of the Soviet Union and the end of apartheid, to the rise of 

the BRIC economies and start of the Information Age, USTDA’s programs 

have resulted in expanding U.S. exports to emerging economies and helping 

those countries achieve their development goals. Throughout its twenty‐year 

history, USTDA has responded directly to the needs of U.S. businesses as they 

ventured into markets throughout a changing and increasingly competitive world. 

The Trade and Development Program, USTDA’s predecessor organization, 

was established in 1980 with a mandate to “promote U.S. exports and 

economic development in developing countries...to contribute to their selfsustaining growth.” As USTDA has evolved from those early days, it has 

maintained its focus on the dual mission of supporting the export 

of U.S.‐manufactured goods and services while advancing 

economic development in its partner countries.

The Jobs Through 

Exports Act of 

1992 establishes 

the U.S. Trade and 

Development Agency 

as an independent 

agency and states 

that USTDA will be the 

primary federal agency 

to promote U.S. private 

sector involvement in 

developing and middle 

income countries. 

Following the end of apartheid, USTDA 

introduced newly elected South African 

officials to U.S. technologies to support the 

country’s booming industrial development.

To introduce U.S. companies 

to commercial opportunities 

in Albania, Bulgaria, and 

Macedonia, USTDA 

implements the South 

Balkan Development 

Initiative. By building a 

three nation economic 

and transportation corridor, 

USTDA helps create a new 

market for U.S. exports 

that is greater than the sum 

of its parts. 

The Caspian Finance 

Center, a joint venture 

between USTDA, the 

Export-Import Bank of 

the United States, and 

the Overseas Private 

Investment Corporation 

(OPIC) opens in Ankara, 

Turkey to support the 

multiple pipeline strategy 

and ancillary projects in 

the Caspian region. 

To encourage U.S. companies to 

participate in rebuilding the 

infrastructure of the growing 

democracies in Central and 

Eastern Europe, USTDA 

opens its program 

in twelve newly 

independent states. 

USTDA opens its first overseas office in Manila, Philippines, 

which is then transitioned to Bangkok, Thailand in 2002, to 

assist U.S. firms in creating partnerships throughout the region. 

1992 1993 1994 1996 1997 1998 © Louise Gubb/CORBIS SABA
4 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

The Jobs Through Exports Act of 1992 established 

USTDA as an independent agency, and in so 

doing, it made clear that U.S. economic interests — 

specifically, expanded exports and the creation of 

U.S. jobs — must be integral to U.S. foreign policy. 

The act reaffirmed and strengthened USTDA’s 

unique approach to foreign assistance, in which 

the Agency partners with the U.S. private sector to 

support their efforts to pursue sales opportunities in 

emerging markets. 

As a newly independent agency, USTDA moved 

aggressively to respond to commercial opportunities 

throughout the newly independent states created 

by the break up of the Soviet Union. The Agency 

directed a substantial share of its resources towards 

encouraging U.S. private sector participation in 

the rebuilding of these developing democracies. 

The flexible and innovative approach USTDA 

employed helped U.S. exporters overcome the unique 

challenges in these new markets and played a critical 

role in the U.S. Government’s coordinated efforts 

to promote democracy, free markets, and private 

enterprise during the region’s historic transition. 

Throughout the 1990s, the economic rejuvenation 

and increased market orientation of many Latin 

American countries resulted in several successful 

USTDA projects in this region. In Mexico, USTDA 

helped U.S. firms capitalize on opportunities created 

by the passage of the North American Free Trade 

Agreement (NAFTA). Furthermore, the Agency helped 

U.S. businesses maximize the opportunities available 

through other free trade agreements in the region, 

including the recent FTAs with Panama and Colombia. 

To build bridges with the newly elected South 

African government following the end of apartheid, 

USTDA sponsored multiple orientation visits for 

the country’s key decision makers to introduce them 

to U.S. technologies and services that could further 

support the country’s booming industrial development 

and expansion. To provide on-the-ground support 

to project sponsors throughout the continent, 

USTDA established its Africa Regional Trade and 

Development Office in Johannesburg, following the 

first African Growth and Opportunities Act (AGOA) 

Forum in October 2001. 

2000 2001 2004 2007 2009

In cooperation with OPIC, USTDA opens the 

Southeast Europe Business Development 

Office in Zagreb, Croatia to facilitate the 

involvement of U.S. companies in the 

rehabilitation of the Balkans. 

USTDA launches the U.S.-China Aviation 

Cooperation Program (ACP), a public-private 

partnership to promote commercial, policy, and 

technical cooperation between the U.S. and 

Chinese aviation sectors. 

USTDA creates the U.S.-China Energy Cooperation 

Program (ECP) to leverage private sector resources to 

promote commercially viable project development of 

clean energy and energy efficient technologies 

in the United States and China.

Following the first African 

Growth and Opportunity Act 

(AGOA) Forum in October 

2001, USTDA establishes 

its Africa Regional Trade 

and Development Office

in Johannesburg, South 

Africa to provide on-theground assistance to African 

project sponsors seeking 

U.S. solutions to their 

development challenges. 

To enhance the long-term strategic and commercial 

relationship between the U.S. and Indian aviation industries, 

USTDA forms the U.S.-India Aviation Cooperation Program.
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 5

With privatization and trade liberalization rapidly 

spreading throughout North Africa, USTDA hosted the 

Maghreb Investment and Development Conference in 

2000, which opened the door to increased investments 

throughout the region. Similarly, the Agency supported 

the development of private enterprise in the Middle 

East through activities that greatly benefitted U.S. 

industry. As the newly elected governments in the 

region seek to advance economic growth, USTDA is 

poised to increase U.S. private sector involvement in 

upgrading and expanding critical infrastructure. 

In 2001, recognizing the economic boom taking place 

throughout Asia and the resulting opportunities for 

U.S. firms, the Agency re-opened its program in China. 

USTDA has used this program as an incubator for 

innovative public-private partnerships (PPPs) that 

span the aviation, energy, and healthcare sectors. The 

Agency is replicating these pioneering PPPs in India’s 

aviation and energy sectors, in response to strong 

demand from U.S. industry. By focusing its programs on 

the market opportunities presented by the tremendous 

growth in China and India, these cooperation programs 

have facilitated continued export opportunities for U.S. 

firms and development achievements in both countries. 

In response to President Obama’s 2010 call to double 

exports within five years and create U.S. jobs under 

the National Export Initiative, USTDA launched the 

International Business Partnership Program (IBPP). 

Through the IBPP, USTDA brings a substantially 

increased number of international buyers together with 

U.S. manufacturers and service providers to facilitate 

commercial partnerships around the world and generate 

U.S. exports.

During the past twenty years as an independent agency, 

USTDA has significantly increased the return on its 

investment from $25 to $63 in U.S. exports for every 

$1 the Agency invests in its programs. That level of 

achievement is built upon USTDA’s support for U.S. 

companies interested in expanding their customer base 

overseas and a targeted approach to key markets and 

sectors where U.S. firms are particularly competitive. 

Regarded as the rapid response arm of the U.S. 

Government’s export promotion team, USTDA will 

continue to leverage resources for new opportunities, 

and its organizational strengths of innovation and 

entrepreneurship in order to deliver tangible results 

to all of its partners.

2010 2011 2012

In support of the National Export Initiative, USTDA 

launches the International Business Partnership 

Program to connect foreign buyers with U.S. 

manufacturers and service providers in order to open 

new markets around the world for U.S. exports. 

•	 USTDA launches the U.S.-ASEAN Connectivity 

Initiative to support increased connectivity and 

investment in the energy, transportation, and 

telecommunications sectors throughout Southeast 

Asia in order to foster an economically integrated 

ASEAN Community by 2015. 

•	 Building upon the accomplishments of its aviation 

and energy partnerships, USTDA announces the 

U.S.-China Healthcare Cooperation Program to 

promote advanced technologies, collaboration, and 

sustainable development in the healthcare sector 

within both countries. 

•	 To support the acceleration of clean and 

sustainable energy initiatives in India, 

USTDA creates the U.S.-India Energy 

Cooperation Program. 

•	 Following the country’s transformative 

revolution, USTDA hosts the

Egypt: Forward Forum in Washington, 

DC, to encourage commercial partnerships 

between Egyptian policy makers, business 

leaders and entrepreneurs and their 

U.S. counterparts.

•	 During President Rousseff’s visit to the United States, 

USTDA spearheads the U.S.-Brazil Aviation Partnership, 

a public-private partnership that builds upon highly 

successful programs USTDA created in China and India. 

•	 USTDA launches Making Global Local, the largest state 

and local outreach campaign in its history, in order to 

connect companies across the country with the Agency’s 

export promotion programs.

•	 USTDA announces the Aviation Initiative for South 

Africa to support the growth of safe, reliable aviation 

services through the development of critical human 

capacity resources and effective partnerships between 

the U.S. and South African aviation sectors.
6 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Building strategic relationships between the private and public sectors in the United 

States and its partner countries allowed USTDA to continue to expand foreign markets, 

enabling U.S. businesses to generate exports and create U.S. jobs. By promoting 

economic growth and development in its partner countries while fostering trade, these 

initiatives and activities demonstrate the mutual benefits of economic and commercial 

cooperation. The highlights below illustrate some of those benefits. 

National Export Initiative

As a member of the President’s Export Promotion 

Cabinet, USTDA is particularly well-positioned in 

its mission, expertise, and operations to help U.S. 

companies increase exports of U.S.-manufactured 

goods and services. In so doing, USTDA is playing 

an important role in helping to achieve the goals of 

the National Export Initiative, which seeks to create 

over 2 million jobs through doubling U.S. exports 

by the end of 2014. In FY 2012 alone, the Agency 

identified $2.2 billion of new exports generated from 

USTDA-funded activities, which has helped support 

10,000 jobs in the United States. To accomplish 

these results, USTDA has accelerated its trade 

promotion activities since the launch of the NEI in 

early 2010, funding 55 new reverse trade missions in 

FY 2012 that hold the potential for over $1 billion in 

exports of U.S. goods and services. 

U.S.-Brazil Aviation Partnership 

USTDA’s newest cooperation program is the 

U.S.‐Brazil Aviation Partnership, which was 

launched in April 2012 with Brazil’s Ministry of 

External Relations. This unique public-private 

partnership is designed to enhance bilateral 

cooperation in areas such as airport expansion, 

airspace management, safety, and security. As a 

result of rapidly increasing air traffic ahead of the 

upcoming World Cup and Olympic Games, Brazil 

is facing an urgent need to increase its investments 

in aviation infrastructure in order to accommodate 

2012: Leading Economic 

Partnerships around the World

the expected growth. U.S. companies are eager 

to connect to the export opportunities created by 

these investments. 

The Memorandum of Understanding establishing 

the Aviation Partnership was signed by Secretary of 

State Hillary Clinton, USTDA Director Leocadia I. 

Zak, TSA Administrator John Pistole, and FAA Acting 

Administrator Michael Huerta on behalf of the United 

States; and by Minister of External Relations Antonio 

Patriota on behalf of Brazil. The U.S. private sector is 

actively participating in the Aviation Partnership. 

Aviation Initiative for South Africa

During the U.S.-South Africa Business Summit 

hosted by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, USTDA 

announced the Aviation Initiative for South Africa. 

The Aviation Initiative is designed to leverage the 

expertise and resources of the private sector, both 

in the United States and South Africa, to build the 

human capacity and infrastructure necessary to keep 

pace with the country’s passenger and cargo growth 

rates. In addition, the Aviation Initiative aims to build 

Brazilian aviation officials participate in the first reverse trade 

mission under the U.S.-Brazil Aviation Partnership. 
© Adrian Pingstone / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA-3.0

2012 ANNUAL REPORT 7

business relationships and position U.S. industry 

for significant procurement opportunities in South 

Africa’s dynamic aviation market. 

To support the new Aviation Initiative, USTDA 

committed to host three delegations of senior officials 

from South Africa’s aviation sector on reverse trade 

missions to the United States. Two of the visits will 

focus on introducing leaders from South African 

Airways and its stakeholders to U.S. technologies, 

services, and policies and the third will focus on 

increasing safety and security within South Africa’s 

aviation sector through airport modernizations and 

state-of-the-art air traffic management technologies. 

In addition to the three future visits, USTDA funded 

an assessment of Cape Town, King Shaka, and O.R. 

Tambo international airports that will recommend 

upgrades and improvements to airside capacity.

Global Climate Change Initiative

To support the Administration’s goals of mitigating 

the negative effects of climate change and helping 

emerging economies develop low carbon energy 

resources, USTDA continued to prioritize funding for 

clean energy projects. Specifically, USTDA supported 

projects that were aligned with the President’s 

Development Policy and the Global Climate Change 

Initiative to accelerate the deployment of clean energy 

technologies, policies, and practices. In addition 

to investing in clean energy development, USTDA 

continued to support projects that promoted climate 

change resilience and adaptation to help reduce 

vulnerability to the impacts of climate change often 

experienced in emerging economies. In FY 2012, 

the Agency supported meteorological monitoring, 

flood forecasting and monitoring, and air and water 

quality monitoring projects to support this goal. 

Going forward, USTDA will continue to assist its 

partner countries as they strive to minimize the 

impacts of climate change on their economies.

President’s Policy Directive 

on sub-Saharan Africa

In the sub-Saharan Africa region, USTDA 

developed a strong pipeline of activities and 

institutional infrastructure to facilitate the 

implementation of the President’s Policy Directive 

on Sub-Saharan Africa (PPD), particularly in 

the pillars related to the promotion of economic 

growth, trade, and investment, as well as 

opportunity and development. 

For example in FY 2012, USTDA supported 

several reverse trade missions, business 

workshops, and training events that introduced 

African procurement officials to U.S. technology 

and ingenuity. These events also encouraged 

the delegates to foster relationships with U.S. 

companies in order to facilitate increased U.S. 

exports, as well as trade and investment in the 

region. USTDA also supported project planning 

activities in sub-Saharan Africa to provide the 

comprehensive analysis that is required for major 

infrastructure projects to achieve financing 

and implementation. 
8 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Making Global Local

In response to dramatic shifts in the global economy, 

U.S. companies are increasingly targeting emerging 

markets as export destinations. Given its unique 

role, USTDA is perfectly positioned to support U.S. 

businesses interested in entering or expanding 

their presence in developing and middle-income 

countries. In order to connect more U.S. companies 

with its export promotion programs, USTDA launched 

Making Global Local, the largest state and local 

outreach campaign in the Agency’s history.

The foundation of Making Global Local is formed by strategic 

partnerships between USTDA and local business and economic 

development organizations located throughout the United States 

that have demonstrated a commitment to increasing export-related 

jobs in their communities. By understanding USTDA’s programs and 

priorities, these partner organizations are helping companies in their 

communities identify sales opportunities abroad with the help of 

various USTDA-funded activities. 

By working together, USTDA and its partner organizations are 

supporting the creation of high-paying U.S. jobs through the growth 

of U.S. exports. Since Making Global Local was launched on World 

Trade Day (May 17, 2012), USTDA and its partner organizations have 

already co-hosted industry roundtable events, webinars, and provided 

joint marketing for each other’s events. Over the next year and 

beyond, USTDA and its Making Global Local partners, both current 

and future, will continue to explore innovative ways to collaborate 

and connect with companies across the country in order to further 

increase exports of U.S. goods and services.

•	 Colorado Office of

Economic Development

and International Trade

•	 Denver Sister Cities International

•	 Duquesne University Small

Business Development Center

•	 Erie County Industrial

Development Agency (New York)

•	 Export Finance Assistance

Center of Washington

•	 Illinois Chamber of Commerce

•	 Invest Atlanta

•	 Kansas Global Trade Services

•	 Los Angeles County Economic

Development Corporation

•	 Maryland Small Business

Development Center

•	 Minnesota Trade Office

•	 Mississippi Development Authority

International Trade Office

•	 Missouri International Trade

and Investment Office

•	 Pennsylvania Small Business

Development Centers

•	 Tampa Bay International

Business Council

•	 Vermont Economic

Development Authority

•	 Virginia Small Business

Development Center

•	 World Trade Center Atlanta

•	 World Trade Center of

Greater Philadelphia

•	 World Trade Center

of New Orleans

•	 World Trade Center of San Diego

•	 World Trade Center St. Louis

USTDA’s Partner Organizations

A delegation of Thai rail officials observe U.S. locomotive engines.
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 9

From showcasing the unique technologies and 

specialized services SMEs offer through reverse 

trade missions, to funding activities that connect 

technical experts with foreign project sponsors 

during the critical early stages of a project’s 

definition, USTDA positions small and mediumsized U.S. businesses to succeed in the global 

marketplace. More than 88% of all contracts directly 

awarded by the Agency in FY 2012 were won by 

small businesses.

Illustrating USTDA’s commitment to SMEs is the 

Agency’s partnership with The Ford Meter Box 

Company, Inc. a private, family-owned business 

based in Wabash, Indiana with manufacturing 

plants in Wabash and Pell City, Alabama. After 

winning a bid to perform an Asian Development 

Bank-funded project in Vietnam, Ford Meter Box was 

eager to increase its sales in country. Despite their 

concentrated efforts, however, the company faced 

several challenges expanding into this growing 

market until they participated in a USTDA-funded 

reverse trade mission, which provided access to key 

decision makers from Vietnam’s water industry. 

During this visit, Ford Meter Box was able to 

demonstrate their pioneering line of waterworks 

equipment and explain how U.S. water distributors 

employ the company’s products throughout their 

operations. This visit served as a springboard for 

Ford Meter Box to increase its exports to Vietnam 

and establish long-lasting relationships. 

With the launch of Making Global Local earlier 

this year, SMEs across the country are realizing the 

benefits of the Agency’s export-promotion programs. 

By forming strategic partnerships, USTDA and 

local business organizations have increased the 

participation of SMEs in USTDA-sponsored events, 

thereby increasing their access to foreign buyers. 

Supporting Small Business Sales Overseas

Over the past twenty years, USTDA has supported high-paying U.S. jobs by helping 

small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across the United States increase their 

international sales. By responding directly to the needs of America’s SME exporters, 

USTDA has consistently supported their efforts to enter or expand into emerging 

markets in an increasingly competitive landscape. 

In just over six months, Making Global Local

has become the largest state and local outreach 

campaign in USTDA’s history and the Agency 

will continue to explore innovative ways to work 

together with its network of partner organizations. 

USTDA looks forward to continuing its strong 

support for U.S. small and medium-sized 

businesses and finding more ways to increase 

U.S. exports and create jobs at home. 

“...Being a manufacturer located in 

small rural Indiana and Alabama 

communities, exporting our products 

overseas is important to building 

long term opportunities for both of 

our factories. The strong support by 

USTDA in educating international 

customers on U.S. technologies, 

such as those used in the U.S. water 

supply industry, positively affects the 

many families in our communities 

that benefit from jobs generated 

when supplying our products to new 

international markets.”

— Bob Mason

Vice President and 

International Sales Manager,

Ford Meter Box
10 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

USTDA evaluates the success of each project by 

measuring its impact on the host country and 

the U.S. exports generated as a result. USTDA 

continually monitors, tracks, and analyzes the 

results of its activities to determine the overall 

effectiveness of its tools, inform future funding 

decisions, and ensure oversight and accountability 

of the Agency’s programs. 

Charting Our Progress

U.S. companies continue to confront challenges in the sale of their goods and services 

around the world. USTDA’s program tools are targeted to promote U.S. commercial 

interests in those challenging markets. To ensure taxpayer dollars are used wisely 

and USTDA is accomplishing its mission, the Agency maintains a robust evaluation 

process that provides credible information about what its program activities have 

achieved for U.S. companies and overseas partners. 

Results to Date: An Upward Trend

Over the last four years, USTDA has observed an 

increase in the return in exports on its investments. 

For the current evaluation period, every $1 of 

USTDA program funding has generated $63 in 

U.S. exports. This result demonstrates the Agency’s 

ability to help achieve the President’s goals for 

the National Export Initiative, meet the needs of 

developing and middle-income countries, and 

promote America’s commercial goals through the 

export of U.S.-manufactured goods and services.

Since USTDA’s creation in 1992, its program has 

contributed to more than $32.9 billion in U.S. 

exports. In FY 2012 alone, USTDA identified 

$2.2 billion in new exports. $313.8 million of these 

new exports are a result of projects completed 

between 2010 and the present. As these projects 

continue to be implemented, USTDA will be able 

to identify additional U.S. export success. 

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

35

41

47

58

63

USTDA Multiplier

Exports Generated Per $1 Invested
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 11

The Path Forward

Looking ahead, the rigorous analysis 

of USTDA’s results will continue to 

enable better program management 

and evidence-based decision making, 

which will result in positive impacts for 

USTDA’s clients and partners. 

$35

$30

$25

$20

$15

$10

$5

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

$21.0

$23.8 $25.8

$30.7 $32.9

U.S. Exports Generated

in Billions

Cumulative Exports based on 1992–2012 figures

$63 

Exports

generated 

for each 

$1 invested

105

The number

of activities 

USTDA funded

in FY 2012

88%

Of USTDA’s

activities have

been awarded to

small businesses

in FY 2012

$32.9 

billion

Total U.S. exports

generated by

USTDA programs

TOTAL

U.S. EXPORTS

$32.9 billion

5.59% Agribusiness

9.72% Energy & Power

0.28% Human Resources

12.07% Petrochemicals & Other Processing

10.96% Mining & Natural Resources

2.82% Multi & Other

3.17% Services

6.17% Telecommunications

47.11% Transportation

2.11% Water & Environment

EXPORTS BY SECTOR

From 1992 to 2012, USTDA’s programs generated approximately $32.9 billion in U.S. exports.
12 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Reverse trade missions provide unique opportunities 

to foster business relationships and build long-lasting 

partnerships between U.S. businesses and our overseas 

partners. During FY 2012, USTDA hosted numerous 

reverse trade missions to introduce U.S. businesses to 

foreign delegates and business opportunities overseas. 

As a key element of USTDA’s support of the National 

Export Initiative, these carefully planned missions 

enable foreign delegates to visit the United States to 

observe the design, manufacture, and demonstration 

of goods and services that can help the delegates 

achieve their development goals. The reverse trade 

missions are planned to target current and near-term 

business opportunities, which can create immediate 

results and export successes for U.S. businesses.

In FY 2012, USTDA introduced more than 600 

foreign delegates to more than 1,000 U.S. company 

representatives across the United States. These 

foreign delegates included ministers, mayors, 

and senior public and private sector officials 

from emerging markets.

Reverse Trade Missions: Making Connections

USTDA’s Annual Report is designed not only to report on the fiscal year, but also to 

showcase our “toolbox” of activities and programs to help U.S. businesses achieve 

President Obama’s goal of doubling U.S. exports by the end of 2014.

USTDA Programs: 

Tools for Growth

East Africa. Recognizing the increase in rail 

infrastructure investments taking place in East 

Africa, USTDA sponsored a reverse trade mission 

for officials from Rift Valley Railways (RVR) and 

the Government of Uganda. RVR, the private 

concessionaire operating the critical rail link 

between Kenya’s largest port, Mombasa, and 

Uganda’s capital city, Kampala, is embarking on 

a major investment program to rehabilitate the 

rail line and fleet. During the visit, the delegation 

was introduced to both large and small rail 

companies in Colorado, Virginia, Maryland, Illinois, 

and Pennsylvania. The delegation also had an 

opportunity to discuss industry best practices 

with U.S. rail sector experts and explore financing 

options and strategies with the Export-Import 

Bank of the United States and the Overseas Private 

Investment Corporation.

Brazil. Following the April 9, 2012, signing of a 

Memorandum of Understanding to launch the 

U.S.–Brazil Aviation Partnership, USTDA began 

A delegation of East African transport officials views U.S. equipment that would 

aid the rehabilitation of critical railways and assist in upgrading freight cars.

Following the launch of the U.S.-Brazil Aviation Partnership, USTDA hosts 

a delegation of Brazilian airport officials on a visit to explore U.S. aviation 

technologies and services.
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 13

a concerted effort to strengthen the ties between 

the U.S. and Brazilian aviation sectors. During the 

first official activity under the Aviation Partnership

in June, USTDA hosted a delegation of Brazilian 

federal and state level aviation sector officials on a 

reverse trade mission focused on U.S. technologies 

and best practices for airports modernization. The 

delegation met with companies in Washington, D.C., 

Florida, Georgia, and Louisiana and toured recently 

upgraded airports as well as airports that have 

successfully managed high volume, high profile 

events, similar to what Brazil will encounter for 

the World Cup in 2014 and the Summer Olympics 

in 2016.

Turkey. Building upon the strong partnership 

between USTDA and the Turkish Ministry of Energy 

and Natural Resources, the Agency sponsored a 

visit by Turkish electricity sector officials to the 

United States in April 2012. The visit provided 

Turkish distribution and transmission companies, 

along with Ministry officials and regulators, with 

an understanding of the benefits of smart grid 

technology and how it could be employed in Turkey. 

During their two-week visit to the United States, 

the delegates met with many U.S. leaders in 

smart grid technology and toured facilities of U.S. 

equipment manufacturers, electrical utilities, and 

software developers. As a result of the relationships 

formed during the visit, the delegation has already 

undertaken many follow-on discussions with U.S. 

companies and many new commercial partnerships 

are anticipated in the near term. 

A Turkish delegation visits U.S. facilities to observe demonstrations of 

smart grid applications. 

African delegates visit farms throughout the United States to study 

modern irrigation practices.

I

n 2010 and 2011, USTDA organized two agribusiness 

reverse trade missions, which brought farmers from 

sub-Saharan Africa to the United States to meet 

with U.S. companies and observe U.S. agricultural 

operations. These visits led to a number of export 

successes for U.S. companies, demonstrating that the 

RTM program successfully introduced African farmers 

to U.S. equipment and service providers. Both of the 

visits focused on encouraging the implementation of 

large-scale agribusiness projects in sub-Saharan Africa, 

while also deepening ties between U.S. companies and 

African agribusiness operators. 

During these two RTMs, the delegates visited U.S. 

agribusiness companies in several states, including 

Nebraska, North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Utah, 

Idaho, and Missouri. These two visits have led to a 

total of over $13 million in exports of U.S. equipment 

and services, with additional sales pending. Delegates 

purchased products from multiple companies such 

as Titan Machinery and Brandt Holdings (Fargo, ND), 

John Deere (Moline, IL), Case New Holland (Racine, 

WI), Mack (Greensboro, NC), AGCO (Duluth, GA), Great 

Plains (Salinas, KS), and Landoll (Marysville, KS). These 

products and services will assist the African farmers in 

improving and expanding their agricultural operations 

and increasing food security in sub-Saharan Africa. 

Success Story: 

Africa: Building a 

Stronger Agricultural Base
14 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

In FY 2012, USTDA continued to host conferences 

and workshops in the United States and overseas 

that brought together leaders from the public 

and private sectors to discuss specific business 

opportunities in key sectors and markets around the 

world. These meetings provide U.S. companies with 

vital knowledge on specific programs and activities 

that could positively impact their businesses, while 

supporting the National Export Initiative.

China. To ensure Zhuhai Helicopter Company 

(ZHC) is better able to respond to offshore 

emergencies on oil platforms, such as oil spills or 

weather-related evacuations, USTDA supported 

Sikorsky’s effort to win a contract award to provide 

10 helicopters to ZHC. By providing a training grant 

to support helicopter maintenance and flight skills 

training, USTDA’s efforts leveled the playing field 

for Sikorsky to secure the sale. As a result, USTDA’s 

efforts are supporting over 3,000 U.S. jobs while 

helping to maintain Sikorsky’s role as the exclusive 

supplier to ZHC, one of the largest general aviation 

entities in China. 

South Africa. To help South Africa reach its goal 

of providing universal access to reliable, affordable 

electricity through clean energy resources and 

technologies, in October 2011 USTDA hosted a smart 

grid workshop in Johannesburg. At the workshop, 

U.S. and South African energy leaders shared 

information and technological solutions to address 

access to electricity, long considered essential to 

economic development and of particular importance 

in South Africa’s rapidly expanding economy. 

The workshop also allowed the participants to 

explore state-of-the-art technologies, equipment 

and services, as well as policies and financing 

mechanisms that can support the implementation of 

smart grid projects throughout South Africa. 

Conferences and Workshops: Identifying 

Opportunities, Showcasing Technologies

India. In November 2011, USTDA and India’s 

Ministry of Civil Aviation co-hosted the 3rd 

U.S.‐India Aviation Summit in New Delhi. Joining 

the Summit were hundreds of attendees interested 

in strengthening the long-term strategic and 

commercial relationship between the U.S. and Indian 

aviation industries. Participants discussed specific 

business opportunities and learned about resources 

available to expand India’s growing aviation sector. 

This Summit was again co-organized by USTDA , 

the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, and the 

U.S.-India Aviation Cooperation Program (ACP), 

a bilateral public-private partnership designed 

to encourage cooperation between the U.S. and 

Indian aviation sectors. To further this commercial 

relationship, USTDA concluded its fourth agreement 

with the Airports Authority of India to assist their 

efforts to modernize air traffic management systems, 

the results of which will better enable India to keep 

pace with increasing passenger and cargo traffic 

into and out of the country. 

USTDA hosts conferences and workshops to help build partnerships and provide 

export opportunities for U.S. companies. In FY 2012, events such as the South Africa 

Smart Grid Workshop and U.S.-India Aviation Summit allowed U.S. companies 

to showcase their technologies and services, as well as meet with foreign project 

sponsors and potential customers.

South African delegates visit a smart grid test facility to learn about 

technologies designed to increase energy efficiency.
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 15

ASEAN. Following the launch of the U.S.-ASEAN 

Connectivity Cooperation Initiative in 2011, 

USTDA hosted the inaugural event, the U.S.-

ASEAN Emergency Preparedness Workshop, 

in Bangkok, Thailand. In response to recent 

natural disasters across Southeast Asia, the 

Workshop helped the relevant authorities from 

across the region identify appropriate technical 

and operational solutions to adequately prepare 

for and effectively recover from future natural 

hazards, which include recurring seasonal 

typhoons, monsoons, floods, earthquakes, volcanic 

eruptions, and tsunamis. 

The workshop included discussions about 

regional cooperation for disaster risk reduction 

and emergency preparedness; technology 

applications for managing disaster risk; terrestrial 

and satellite telecommunications applications 

for emergency response; meteorological tracking; 

and early warning systems. 

Delegates from the ASEAN region and U.S. industry join together to 

share technology solutions and best practices for emergency response 

from natural disasters.

I

n 2009, USTDA partnered with U.S. industry 

and key Indian government agencies to 

organize the 2nd U.S.–India Aviation Summit. 

The Summit provided momentum to the growing 

strategic and commercial relationship between 

the Indian and U.S. aviation sectors. As a direct 

result of the Summit, USTDA has identified over 

$300 million in sales from U.S. firms to the Indian 

aviation industry.

The two-and-a-half-day conference, which 

was complemented by two days of site visits, 

attracted senior-level participation and broad 

representation from the U.S. and Indian 

aviation communities from both the public 

and private sectors. The Summit assisted the 

Airports Authority of India and the Directorate 

General of Civil Aviation in identifying advanced 

technologies and best practices that would 

serve the expansion and modernization needs 

for India’s continued sector growth. Already, 

companies from Washington, Wisconsin, New 

York and Colorado have secured sales for aircraft, 

engineering services, and airport expansion 

equipment to airlines and airports across India. 

Success Story: 

India: Commercial 

Cooperation Continues 

to Take-Off

© STR/epa/Corbis
16 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Feasibility Studies and Pilot Projects: 

Getting It Right from the Start

Agency-funded and U.S.-led feasibility studies link foreign project sponsors with 

U.S. businesses at the critical early stage when technology options and project 

requirements are defined. These studies provide the comprehensive analysis required 

for major infrastructure investments to achieve financing and implementation.

In some cases, export opportunities depend on a 

demonstration of the U.S. seller’s goods, services, or 

technologies in the foreign buyer’s setting. USTDAfunded pilot projects demonstrate the effectiveness 

of U.S. solutions and provide the analysis, evaluation, 

and empirical data needed for potential foreign 

projects to secure funding. Pilot projects have proven 

to be an excellent tool to showcase U.S. capabilities as 

highlighted in the success story on the following page.

India. In support of the Indian company CESC 

Limited’s efforts to improve the efficiency and 

reliability of the power grid for its 2.5 million 

customer network, USTDA funded a feasibility 

study to assist with the implementation of smart 

grid technologies. By implementing state-of-theart energy infrastructure, CESC will be better able 

to manage the electricity supply and distribution 

network in Kolkata, India. USTDA’s support addresses 

a range of improvements including the integration 

of smart meters and automated meter reading into 

CESC’s distribution system. The project is a key 

example of USTDA’s continued support for the 

U.S.-India Energy Cooperation Program, a unique 

public-private partnership between U.S. and Indian 

member companies and the governments of the 

respective countries. 

China. To support China’s efforts to reduce its 

harmful emissions from coal-fired power plants, 

USTDA funded a feasibility study to examine effective 

measures for curbing the release of nitrogen oxide 

(NOx) and other pollutants. The study will develop 

a roadmap for China’s power industry to reduce 

emissions by devising a technical solution for ten 

power plants. LP Amina, a small, Charlotte, NC-based 

environmental engineering firm is undertaking 

the study. LP Amina successfully leveraged its 

participation in the U.S.-China Energy Cooperation 

Program to identify partners and potential buyers of 

its technology, including Huaneng Shandong Power 

Company. Deployment of these innovative solutions 

will help to increase fuel efficiency and cut emissions 

in addition to supporting U.S. jobs. 

South Africa. To help the City of Cape Town 

improve its delivery of affordable, reliable internet 

services, USTDA provided grant assistance for a 

digital inclusion feasibility study in Khayelitsha 

and Mitchells Plain. The study will evaluate the 

viability of implementing a wireless access network 

for households and businesses in two currently 

underserved areas in the Cape Town metropolitan 

area. Khayelitsha and Mitchells Plain are among 

South Africa’s largest and fastest growing townships, 

both in terms of population and economic activity. 

Access to affordable, reliable internet services in these 

communities will support the delivery of several other 
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 17

critical services, such as health and education, and 

will also help to integrate these communities into 

both the regional and global markets.

Romania. In response to strong interest from several 

leading U.S. healthcare companies, USTDA provided 

a grant to Romania’s Ministry of Health to support 

the deployment of health telecommunications 

solutions for ten Romanian hospitals. With a 

significant portion of the country’s population living 

in rural areas without access to quality healthcare, 

the incorporation of a robust telemedicine program 

into Romania’s health system will greatly improve 

citizen access to key medical services. This program 

will help position U.S. companies for advanced 

medical imaging, processing, and communications 

systems as Romania invests in further upgrading its 

healthcare infrastructure. 

A student at the city library in Cape Town participates in the SmartCape 

project, which seeks to provide internet access to all citizens through the 

public library system.

Sutron’s state-of-the-art monitoring system gathers 

critical water management information.

Assisting Sutron’s (Sterling, VA) efforts 

to expand sales in China for water 

monitoring technologies, USTDA 

supported a feasibility study and pilot project to 

demonstrate Sutron’s state-of-the-art technology 

along the Yangtze River and its tributaries. 

Such technology is critical to identifying and 

responding to pollutants and water degradation 

in order to provide clean drinking water to 

millions of people. 

Based on the 

success of the 

pilot project, other 

water authorities in 

China took notice 

and approached 

Sutron to purchase 

their technology. 

As an industry 

leader capable of 

providing complete 

system integrity 

from engineering 

and design to 

manufacturing, 

installation 

and long-term 

maintenance, 

Sutron was able to 

respond to China’s 

needs and secured 

their first sale in 2012 as a direct result of the 

pilot project. Sutron’s data collection, alarm, 

and control software will now allow China to 

receive, process, calculate, analyze and distribute 

water monitoring data in real time via multiple 

electronic platforms. 

Success Story: 

China: Pilot Project 

Demonstrates the Strength 

of U.S. Technologies

Photo courtesy of Sutron
18 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Technical Assistance: Creating a Favorable 

Business and Trade Environment

USTDA advances economic growth in partner countries by funding technical 

assistance that supports legal and regulatory reform related to commercial activities 

and infrastructure development, the establishment of industry standards, and 

infrastructure planning activities. These technical assistance programs facilitate 

favorable business and trade environments for U.S. goods and services. Technical 

assistance is a significant component of USTDA’s strategy for creating U.S. exports 

and U.S. jobs, while at the same time promoting growth in partner countries. 

Brazil. Tremendous growth is occurring in all 

modes of transportation throughout Brazil. To 

help the country meet its future transportation 

needs, USTDA funded technical assistance for 

both air and surface transportation projects in 

Brazil during FY 2012. For EcoRodovias, a Brazilian 

intermodal logistics and highway concessionaire, 

USTDA provided technical assistance to 

upgrade and expand the company’s use of 

intelligent transportation system technologies 

on its extensive highway network. The technical 

assistance will provide EcoRodovias with a 

detailed implementation plan for the acquisition, 

deployment, and integration of new intelligent 

transportation technologies into its transportation 

infrastructure. In the aviation sector, USTDA 

provided funding to the Bahia State Infrastructure 

Secretariat to support the development of a roadmap 

and implementation plan for the modernization and 

expansion of Bahia’s airport network.

Vietnam. Addressing the role that modern 

information technology can play in improving 

water supply performance and efficiency in 

Vietnam, USTDA awarded a technical assistance 

grant to develop an implementation plan for an 

ICT management system for Ho Chi Minh City’s 

(HCMC) water supply network. The project is 

designed to help the Saigon Water Corporation 

(SAWACO) connect with U.S. providers of 

technologies and expertise as part of the expansion 

of the city’s water systems and to assist SAWACO 

in reaching its goal of supplying 100 percent 

of consumers in HCMC with potable water by 

2025. The technical assistance will help create 

opportunities for U.S. firms to compete for ICT 

sector opportunities including consulting and 

project implementation services, and will facilitate 

the export of U.S. software and hardware products, 

Cars pass through the nighttime streets of downtown Rio de Janeiro. including scientific monitoring equipment.  

A conduit attached to the bottom of a bridge in Vietnam. 
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 19

Mexico. Mexico plans to invest in excess of 

one billion dollars to implement smart grid 

infrastructure over the next decade in order 

to improve electricity stability and reliability, 

while supporting the integration of additional 

renewable energy resources. To assist Mexico 

in achieving its goal, USTDA awarded a 

grant to Mexico’s Comisión Reguladora de 

Energía (CRE) to support the development 

of a regulatory framework for smart grid 

implementation throughout the country. The 

technical assistance will outline the critical 

components of a regulatory framework 

necessary to support smart grid deployment in 

Mexico, a key element in the Administration’s 

Energy and Climate Partnership of the 

Americas and the U.S.-Mexico Bilateral 

Framework on Clean Energy and Climate 

Change. The project was complemented 

by a reverse trade mission in August 2012, 

which familiarized Mexican regulatory and 

power utility company representatives with 

the U.S. smart grid regulatory environment 

and advanced U.S. smart grid technologies 

and equipment.

Transmission systems are installed 

in the Philippines.

Supporting the 

Philippines’ 

efforts to provide 

power to those in need 

was at the heart of an 

initiative to expand rural 

electrification throughout 

the country. Working 

with the Philippine Rural 

Electrification Financing 

Corporation (REFC), 

USTDA supported a 

technical assistance 

program that laid the 

foundation for REFC 

to begin to meet the 

demand of 40 electric 

power cooperatives. 

By supporting detailed 

investment needs 

assessments, loan request documentation and 

on-the-ground training to REFC employees, USTDA’s 

assistance is bringing power to those in need and 

creating opportunities for U.S. companies to supply 

critical components for such an undertaking.

As a result, sales contracts were secured by 

U.S. companies based in Oregon, Wisconsin, 

and Missouri. Recognizing the importance of this 

effort and the demonstrated commitment of REFC 

to work with and implement the recommended 

solutions, USTDA is supporting a second phase 

of technical assistance. The program is designed 

to help improve reliability, reduce distribution 

system losses and improve financial viability for 

rural electric cooperatives in the Philippines. When 

fully implemented, this project will improve access 

to consistent power supply for over 100 electric 

cooperatives serving approximately seven million 

customers throughout the Philippines. 

Success Story: 

Philippines: Lighting the Way 

for a Stronger Economy

© ROMEO RANOCO/Reuters/Corbis
20 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Internet — www.ustda.gov

USTDA’s website provides comprehensive 

information on its program, current 

business opportunities, upcoming events, 

completed reports, Agency news, and 

recent publications.

Requests for Proposals (RFP)

USTDA posts RFP announcements about 

current business opportunities with the 

Agency and its overseas grant recipients on 

the Federal Business Opportunities (FBO) 

website at www.fbo.gov. Links to the FBO 

postings are available on USTDA’s website 

at www.ustda.gov. RFP packages may be 

requested electronically via USTDA’s website. 

On-Line Consultant Database

Many USTDA activities are reserved 

exclusively for small businesses. Small U.S. 

businesses interested in being considered 

for contracting opportunities with USTDA 

can register with the Agency’s On-line 

Consultant Database on the Agency’s 

website. Businesses should also register with 

the U.S. Government’s Central Contractor 

Registration website at www.ccr.gov.

Library

USTDA’s library maintains final reports of 

Agency-funded activities and can provide 

electronic copies of those reports upon 

request by e-mailing library@ustda.gov.

Furthermore, USTDA posts new reports 

directly on its website, www.ustda.gov. 

Publications

The Agency distributes a biweekly 

eNewsletter, Trade Posts, to provide 

information about USTDA’s activities and 

events. Visit USTDA’s website to sign up to 

receive Trade Posts. Requests for copies of 

printed publications can also be made via 

the Agency’s website.

Client Resources

Questions about USTDA

General inquiries about USTDA’s program can be made 

by calling (703) 875-4357, faxing (703) 875-4009, e-mailing 

info@ustda.gov, or completing the Contact Form on the 

Agency’s website.

To contact USTDA’s program staff, send an e-mail to your 

region of interest: 

•	 East Asia:

East_Asia@ustda.gov

•	 Latin America and the Caribbean:

LAC@ustda.gov

•	 Middle East, North Africa, Europe and Eurasia:

MENA_EE@ustda.gov

•	 South and Southeast Asia:

South_Southeast_Asia@ustda.gov

•	 Sub-Saharan Africa:

Africa@ustda.gov

USTDA Executives and Department Heads

To contact a USTDA Staff member, please call our main office 

line at 703-875-4357. 

Director. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leocadia I. Zak 

Deputy Director. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peggy Philbin 

General Counsel (Acting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enoh T. Ebong 

Chief of Staff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jon Wright

Director for Policy and Program and 

Regional Director, East Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geoffrey Jackson

Director, Public Affairs and 

Congressional Relations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomas R. Hardy

Director for Export Promotion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leila Aridi Afas

Regional Director, 

Latin America and the Caribbean. . . . . . . . . . Nathan Younge

Regional Director, Middle East, 

North Africa, Europe and Eurasia. . . . . . . . . . Carl B. Kress

Regional Director, 

South and South East Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Henry Steingass 

Regional Director, 

Sub-Saharan Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul Marin

Program Evaluations Director,

Office of Evaluations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diana Rossiter

Grants Administrator,

Office of Grants Administration . . . . . . . . . . . Pat Daughetee

Chief Financial Officer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liz Gustafson

Contracts Office Manager, 

Office of Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lori Donovan

Administrative Officer

Office of Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carolyn Hum

Chief Information Officer, 

Office of Information Technology. . . . . . . . . . Thomas R. Hardy
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 21

Summary of FY 2012 Program Activities

USTDA ACTIVITIES

By Value of Obligations

2010 2011 2012

DM/Desk Studies $3,359,888 6.8% $1,816,914 4.4% $2,076,927 4.8%

Feasibility Studies $22,783,352 46.1% $17,251,963 42.0% $14,141,409 32.2%

Reverse Trade Mission $8,720,844 17.7% $8,745,649 21.3% $10,542,425 24.0%

Technical Assistance $13,723,325 27.7% $11,355,473 27.6% $12,854,646 29.3%

Trade-Related Training $106,000 0.2% $300,000 0.7% $781,834 1.8%

Workshop/Conferences $511,850 1.0% $1,242,351 3.0% $3,176,034 7.2%

Other $265,784 0.5% $373,494 1.0% $349,651 0.7%

Total $49,471,032 100% $41,085,844 100% $43,922,926 100%

USTDA ACTIVITIES BY ECONOMIC SECTOR

By Value of Obligations

2010 2011 2012

Agribusiness $ 667,221 1.3% $819,070 2.0% $0 0%

Clean Energy/Energy Efficiency $ 22,453,434 45.4% $15,527,145 37.8% $16,335,973 37.2%

Human Resources $ 1,046,024 2.1% $1,558,479 3.8% $1,135,744 2.6%

Manufacturing $ 472,343 1.0% $290,058 0.7% $0 0%

Mining & Natural Resources $ 117,389 0.2% $846,899 2.0% $91,453 0.2%

Multi-Sector & Other $ 2,220,940 4.5% $947,000 2.3% $675,224 1.5%

Services $ 4,367,970 8.9% $4,220,618 10.3% $2,298,610 5.2%

Telecommunications $ 3,034,904 6.1% $4,429,963 10.8% $3,282,419 7.5%

Transportation $ 10,942,456 22.1% $11,018,381 26.8% $17,373,332 39.6%

Water & Environment $ 4,148,347 8.4% $1,428,231 3.5% $2,730,171 6.2%

Total $49,471,032 100% $41,085,844 100% $43,922,926 100% 

Funds

Country Title Activity U.S. Firm City State Obligated

East Asia 

China Helicopter Flight Skill and Maintenance Training Training Flight Safety International West Palm Beach FL 500,000

China USFCS Specialist Wan Xiaolei Technical Assistance U.S. Department of Commerce Washington D.C. 5,000

China NOx Technology Implementation System Development Desk Study Walter I. Serbetci dba ENERCON America Chicago IL 8,000

China Integrated Smart Grid Communication Model Desk Study CJ Aron Associates, Inc. New York NY 8,000

dba Greenmax Capital Advisors New York Office

China Electric Vehicles Charging Systems Desk Study Constant Group, LLC Maywood NJ 7,800

China Aviation Technical Assistance (ATA) Workshop Series Technical Assistance The American Chamber of Commerce in China Fund Washington DC 240,000

China U.S.–China Aviation Cooperation Program Phase VIII Desk Study Montgomery Consulting Group, Inc. Winter Park FL 9,000

China Groundwater Investigation Pilot Project Desk Study Millennium Science & Engineering, Inc. (MSE) Chantilly VA 5,000

China Clean Energy Exchange Program, Phase II Reverse Trade Mission Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. (KEA) Washington DC 719,747

China Transportation Safety and Disaster Rescue Coordination Reverse Trade Mission Experient, Inc. Arlington VA 259,724

China Maritime Operations and Safety Reverse Trade Mission I.M. Systems Group, Inc. Rockville MD 243,579

China U.S.–China Smart Grid Conference Workshop/Conference Advanced Engineering Associates International, Inc. Boston MA 203,000

China Ground Water Protection and Remediation Reverse Trade Mission Millennium Science & Engineering, Inc. (MSE) Chantilly VA 247,461

China U.S.–China Aviation Cooperation Program Phase VIII Technical Assistance The American Chamber of Commerce in China Fund Washington DC 678,000

China U.S.–China Aviation Cooperation Program Phase VIII FAA Transfer Funds Technical Assistance Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Washington DC 80,666

China Groundwater and Soil Remediation Sector Opportunities Definitional Mission Ascendant Program Services, LLC Silver Spring MD 44,470

China State-Owned Enterprise Procurement Reverse Trade Mission TERA International Group, Inc. (TERA) Sterling VA 258,611

China Healthcare Technical Assistance Workshop Series Technical Assistance APCO Worldwide, Inc. Washington DC 240,000

China Emissions Reduction Technology Implementation Feasibility Study LP Amina, LLC Charlotte NC 367,960

China Smart Grid Substation Communication Architecture Technical Assistance Cisco Systems, Inc. San Jose CA 668,777

China Desk Study Review for Shanxi Emission Monitoring Desk Study Eurasia Environmental Associates, LLC Westfield NJ 4,500

China ACP–CAAC Airport Department Hubbing Study Desk Study Montgomery Consulting Group Winter Park FL 5,000

China Fuel Cell Applications for Telecommunications Infrastructure Desk Study Invenire, Inc. Houston TX 6,000

China Guangzhou Intelligent Transportation System Desk Study CORE International Washington DC 6,000

China Shenzhen Primary Care Center Desk Study OMMA Healthcare, LLC Rollinsville CO 6,000

China Smart City Geospatial Technology Desk Study GSAREH, LLC Austin TX 5,996

China Helicopter Flight Skills and Maintenance Training Desk Study Montgomery Consulting Group Winter Park FL 3,000

China China Aviation Symposium Workshop/Conference American Association of Airport Executives Alexandria VA 324,668

China Senior Health Executive Training Program Workshop/Conference Telecom/Telematique, Inc. Washington DC 281,834

China FY 2013 USFCS Specialist Xiaolei Wan Technical Assistance U.S. Department of Commerce Washington DC 111,204

China Integrated Geospatial Transportation System Feasibility Study Rotta International Alpharetta GA 756,721

China Fuel Cell Applications for Telecommunications Feasibility Study First Element Energy, LLC Lenexa KS 410,000

Regional East Asia Advisory and Assistance Services Technical Assistance Brandon Megorden Washington DC 54,989

Total for East Asia $ 6,770,707 

FY 2012 Program Activities Listed by Region
22 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

FY 2012 Program Activities Listed by Region

Funds

Country Title Activity U.S. Firm City State Obligated

Latin America and Caribbean

Brazil Airports Modernization Technologies Reverse Trade Mission Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. (KEA) Washington DC 208,015

Brazil EcoRodovias Intelligent Transportation System Modernization Technical Assistance Delcan Corporation Vienna VA 460,000

and Expansion Project

Brazil Rio de Janeiro State Airports and Heliports Modernization Project Technical Assistance Selection in progress 485,000

Brazil Manaus Water Efficiency Improvement Project Feasibility Study Selection in progress 485,173

Brazil CAGECE Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Plants Feasibility Study Selection in progress 579,895

Brazil Pampulha and Carlos Prates Airports Modernization Desk Study Price, Ronald dba QED Airport & Aviation Consultants Ridgefield CT 7,000

Brazil Data Center Technologies Reverse Trade Mission Business Council for International Understanding New York NY 254,889

Brazil Bahia Statewide Airport Modernization Technical Assistance Selection in progress 345,060

Brazil Modification for the Ceara New Cargo Airport Feasibility Study Desk Study KED Group, LLC Columbia SC 1,500

Brazil ICT Opportunities Definitional Mission Washington Strategic Advisors, LLC Washington DC 64,975

Brazil Renewable Energy Sector Opportunities Definitional Mission Walter I. Serbetci dba ENERCON America Chicago IL 59,969

Brazil FY 2013 USFCS Specialist Rodrigo Mota Technical Assistance U.S. Department of Commerce Washington DC 204,260

Chile National Emergency Backbone Network Technical Assistance Selection in progress 514,548

Chile Port Operational Enhancement Technologies Reverse Trade Mission The Meridian International Center Washington DC 214,391

Chile Transportation Project Opportunities Definitional Mission HE Pena Jr, Transportation Consulting Charleston SC 50,000

Colombia Cartagena Wastewater Treatment System Technical Assistance Hazen and Sawyer P.C. Fairfax VA 513,000

Colombia Nationwide Program for Non-Intrusive Inspection Systems Desk Study Infotel International Reston VA 5,975

Colombia Detailed Design of Magdalena River Port Desk Study Ascendant Program Services, LLC Silver Spring MD 7,500

Colombia Construction of Andalucia Port on the Magdelana River Feasibility Study Selection in progress 550,000

Colombia Nationwide Non-Intrusive Cargo Inspection Systems (NII) Technical Assistance Selection in progress 637,000

Colombia Cali Airport Modernization and Expansion Project Definitional Mission Ascendant Program Services, LLC Silver Spring MD 49,803

El Salvador Comalapa International Airport Passenger Terminal Feasibility Study Selection in progress 427,569

El Salvador Port of La Union Vessel Traffic Program Technical Assistance Selection in progress 216,582

El Salvador Ilopango-Aguacayo Hydropower Feasibility Study Selection in progress 742,380

Guatemala National Airport System Modernization Desk Study HE Pena Jr, Transportation Consulting Charleston SC 3,000

Haiti Power Sector Planning and Expansion Strategy Desk Study K&M Engineering and Consulting, LLC Washington DC 5,000

Haiti Priority Airport Projects Desk Study Review Desk Study HE Pena Jr, Transportation Consulting Charleston SC 15,000

Mexico Smart Grid Projects Desk Study Walter I. Serbetci dba ENERCON America Chicago IL 10,000

Mexico Smart Grid Regulatory Framework Technical Assistance ESTA International, LLC Great Falls VA 405,000

Mexico CFE Environmental Projects Definitional Mission 3E Consulting LLC Dover NH 49,997

Mexico ITS Modernization Projects Definitional Mission HE Pena Jr, Transportation Consulting Charleston SC 55,000

Regional LAC Advisory and Assistance Services Technical Assistance Eric Toler Washington DC 51,994

Regional LAC Smart Grid Reverse Trade Mission Series Reverse Trade Mission MFM Lamey Group Miami FL 387,721

Regional LAC U.S.-Latin America Aviation Summit Workshop/Conference American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE) Alexandria VA 594,126

Regional LAC Advisory and Assistance Services Technical Assistance Isabel Sepulveda Washington DC 54,989

Total for Latin America and Caribbean $ 8,716,311

Middle East, North Africa, Europe & Eurasia

Azerbaijan Aviation Safety Phase II Technical Assistance The Wicks Group, PLLC Washington DC 582,450

Egypt Airport ICT Modernization Desk Study Aviat Design Incorporated Orlando FL 6,740

Egypt Information and Communications Technology Definitional Mission RG International Technology Consulting, LLC (RGITC, LLC) Centreville VA 49,858

Egypt 250 MW Wind Farm Desk Study Walter I. Serbetci dba ENERCON America Chicago IL 7,000

Egypt Ports Sector Definitional Mission Interdisciplinary Research Consultants-US (IdRC-US) Westerville OH 59,987

Egypt Raya Holding Data Center and Cloud Services Feasibility Study Selection in progress 285,804

Egypt Summit Technology Solutions Data Center Feasibility Study Global Resources, Inc. Irvine CA 350,099

Egypt Port Automation Reverse Trade Mission Agland Investment Services, Inc. Larkspur CA 219,803

Egypt Cairo International Airport ICT Modernization Technical Assistance Selection in progress 622,225

Eurasia Kazakhstan and Ukraine Power Sector Definitional Mission Constant Group, LLC Maywood NJ 55,000

Jordan Smart Grid Upgrades to EDCO Network Feasibility Study Selection in progress 454,500

Jordan Smart Grid Upgrades to IDECO Network Feasibility Study Selection in progress 318,600

Jordan Smart Grid Upgrades to JEPCO Network Feasibility Study Selection in progress 383,400

Jordan Jordan Electronic Health Technologies Reverse Trade Mission TRI 170,124

Jordan Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Desk Study 3E Consulting LLC Dover NH 5,000

Kazakhstan Monitoring and Diagnostic Systems Technical Assistance Central Point, LLC Alexandria VA 237,344

Kazakhstan Integrated Gas Production and Processing Feasibility Study Selection in progress 626,000

Kyrgyzstan Manas Airport Strategy Desk Study Montgomery Consulting Group Winter Park FL 3,000

Kyrgyzstan Manas International Airport Business Plan Development Technical Assistance Ascendant Program Services, LLC Silver Spring MD 118,671

Libya ICT Sector Definitional Mission Network Dynamics Associates, LLC Weston CT 75,000

Libya Transportation Sector Definitional Mission Ascendant Program Services, LLC Silver Spring MD 79,981

Libya Power Generation Sector Definitional Mission Energy Markets Group Washington DC 80,000

Libya Information and Communication Technology Reverse Trade Mission National U.S.–Arab Chamber of Commerce Washington DC 345,602

Libya Transportation Safety and Security Reverse Trade Mission Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. Washington DC 381,130

Libya Natural Gas-Fired Power Generation Reverse Trade Mission Experient Arlington VA 251,587

Libya Internet Exchange Points Technical Assistance Packet Clearing House San Francisco CA 80,000

Morocco Solar PV Rooftop Project Feasibility Study POWER Engineers Boise ID 666,619

Morocco Port of Casablanca Safety and Security Feasibility Study AECOM Los Angeles CA 571,458

Morocco Tangier Med Green Port Development Desk Study Ascendant Program Services, LLC Silver Spring MD 3,000

Morocco Electricity Transmission and Distribution Definitional Mission Constant Group, LLC Washington DC 58,500

Morocco Aviation Sector Definitional Mission KED Group, LLC Washington DC 59,993

Romania Virtual Power Plant Smart Grid Pilot Study Desk Study U.S. Power Consult Maywood NJ 7,000

Romania Aviation Surveillance Modernization Technical Assistance Selection in progress 513,170

Romania Telemedicine Solutions for Rural Areas Desk Study OMMA Healthcare, LLC Rollinsville CO 5,000

Romania Telemedicine Solutions for Rural Areas Feasibility Study Selection in progress 422,786
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 23

FY 2012 Program Activities Listed by Region

Funds

Country Title Activity U.S. Firm City State Obligated

Turkey Intelligent Transportation Systems Reverse Trade Mission Experient, Inc. Arlington VA 123,660

Turkey Coal Bed Methane Recovery and Utilization Feasibility Study Advanced Resources International, Inc. Arlington VA 449,960

Turkey Smart Grid Reverse Trade Mission Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. Washington DC 291,310

Turkey Geothermal Desk Study CORE International Washington DC 10,000

Turkey Greater Istanbul Municipality Technology Center Consolidation Technical Assistance Selection in progress 595,743

Turkey U.S. - Turkey Smart Grid Workshop Workshop/Conference MFM Lamey Group Miami Fl 293,573

Turkey Smart Grid Applications in Power Transmission Desk Study CORE International Washington DC 5,000

Turkey Smart Grid Applications in Power Distribution Desk Study CORE International Washington DC 5,000

Ukraine Rail Runner Intermodal System Desk Study The Seneca Group, LLC Washington DC 8,000

Ukraine Sumy Waste Recycling and Refuse Derived Fuel Plant Feasibility Study Kitko Corporation Skokie IL 350,000

Ukraine Power Plant Modernization Reverse Trade Mission Global Marketing and Communications Boston MA 230,767

Ukraine Pilot Gas Condensate Production Project Technical Assistance Selection in progress 723,659

Ukraine Burshtynskaya Power Plant Modernization Feasibility Study Selection in progress 602,435

Regional MENAEE Advisory and Assistance Contract Technical Assistance Hubbard, Peter 51,994

Regional MENAEE Romania and Latvia Aviation Reverse Trade Mission Millennium Science & Engineering, Inc. (MSE) Chantilly VA 210,035

Regional MENAEE Advisory and Assistance Contract Technical Assistance Kendra Kintzi 14,759

Regional MENAEE Advisory and Assistance Contract Technical Assistance Nadya Saber 51,994

Regional MENAEE Business Development Mission Technical Assistance Greenip, Scott Crofton MD 29,741

Total for Middle East, North Africa and Europe $ 12,204,060

South and Southeast Asia

India Oil & Gas Sector — Offshore Oil and Gas Safety Technical Assistance Dept of Interior – Bureau of Safety & Environmental Enforcement Washington DC 91,453

India Air Traffic Flow Management System and Pilot Technical Assistance Metron Aviation Dulles VA 500,000

India Superconductor Power Cable Desk Study Reilly Associates Pittston PA 7,000

India Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Desk Study Subramanian, Sundaresan Buffalo Grove IL 7,000

India Bulk Liquefied Petroleum Gas Desk Study Invenire, Inc. Houston TX 7,000

India CESC Smart Grid Desk Study CORE International Washington DC 7,000

India Rural Micro-Grid Solar Power Feasibility Study Selection in progress 476,670

India Transportation Infrastructure Exchange Reverse Trade Mission Meridian International Center Washington DC 459,543

India Emergency Response (RTM) Reverse Trade Mission Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. (KEA) Washington DC 209,235

India Aviation Sector Desk Study Montgomery Consulting Group Winter Park FL 200

India CESC Smart Grid Feasibility Study Selection in progress 618,860

India Indian Railways Technologies and Processes Desk Study The Seneca Group, LLC Washington DC 7,000

India ACP Aviation Sector Definitional Mission KED Group, LLC Washington DC 74,919

India Aviation Security Workshop Workshop/Conference American Association of Airport Executives Alexandria VA 278,989

India U.S.-India Aviation Partnership Summit Workshop/Conference American Association of Airport Executives Alexandria VA 347,336

India FY 2013 USFCS Specialist Mehnaz Ansari Technical Assistance U.S. Department of Commerce Washington DC 119,298

Indonesia Indonesia Unconventional Gas Development Reverse Trade Mission Experient, Inc. Arlington VA 240,736

Indonesia Information and Communications Technology Sector Projects Definitional Mission RG International Technology Consulting, LLC (RGITC, LLC) Centreville VA 75,978

Pakistan Business Development Mission Technical Assistance Henry Steingass Washington DC 3,191

Pakistan Energy Sector Projects Definitional Mission Energy Markets Group Washington DC 5,000

Pakistan Liquefied Petroleum Gas Transport Fuel Conversion Desk Study TERA International Group, Inc. Sterling VA 3,000

Pakistan Business Development Mission Technical Assistance Jacob Flewelling Washington DC 16,230

Pakistan Karachi-Lahore Railway Access and Locomotive Acquisition Technical Assistance Selection in progress 628,000

Pakistan Energy Sector Definitional Mission Zahid Khan dba EECE Cape Canaveral FL 118,795

Pakistan Banking Information Technology Modernization Reverse Trade Mission Business Council for International Understanding (BCIU) New York NY 319,089

Pakistan Biomass Power Plant and Waste Heat Recovery for Cement Producer Feasibility Study Selection in progress 769,000

Pakistan Grid Modernization Pilot Project Technical Assistance Selection in progress 924,290

Pakistan Back-Up Power Conversion to Methanol Fuel Cells Feasibility Study NFB Consulting Long Beach CA 462,520

Thailand Rail Sector Modernization Reverse Trade Mission TERA International Group, Inc. Sterling VA 35,791

Thailand Acquisition Plan for the State Railway of Thailand Desk Study David Burns dba David Burns Railway Consulting River Forest IL 6,900

Vietnam Banking IT Modernization Reverse Trade Mission MFM Lamey Group Miami FL 274,180

Vietnam Non-Revenue Water Reduction and Wastewater Treatment Reverse Trade Mission Mendez England & Associates Bethesda MD 261,512

Vietnam Foreign Service National, Vietnam Technical Assistance U.S. Department of Commerce Washington DC 5,000

Vietnam SAWACO ICT Strategy and Implementation Technical Assistance Selection in progress 593,660

Vietnam Information and Communications Technology Sector Projects Definitional Mission Leading Associates Dover DE 72,000

Vietnam USFCS Specialist Tuyet Trees Technical Assistance U.S. Department of Commerce Washington DC 31,093

Vietnam Wind Grid Code Development Desk Study CJ Aron Associates, Inc. New York NY 7,000

dba Greenmax Capital Advisors New York Office

Regional Asia PSC, Business Development Manager Technical Assistance Mark Dunn 187,567

Regional Asia ASEAN Disaster Management, Mitigation, and Response Technologies Workshop Workshop/Conference Business Council for International Understanding (BCIU) New York NY 298,537

Regional Asia APEC Business Aviation Access Reverse Trade Mission American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE) Alexandria VA 437,084

Regional Asia ASEAN Smart Grid and Power Transmission Workshop and RTM Reverse Trade Mission MFM Lamey Group Miami FL 454,931

Regional Asia The Philippines and Indonesia Clean Energy Projects Definitional Mission Constant Group, LLC Maywood NJ 85,800

Regional Asia ASEAN Connectivity Through Rail Forum Workshop/Conference TERA International Group, Inc. (TERA) Sterling VA 355,804

Regional Asia Project Analyst Advisory Services Technical Assistance John Liszewski Washington DC 54,989

Regional Asia USTDA Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand Other U.S. Department of State Washington DC 116,200

Regional Asia ASEAN Connectivity Roundtable Other Occasions Washington DC 725

Total for South and Southeast Asia $ 10,056,105
24 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

FY 2012 Program Activities Listed by Region

Funds

Country Title Activity U.S. Firm City State Obligated

Sub-Saharan Africa

Ghana Kotoka International Airport Air Traffic Control Center: Phase II Technical Assistance The LPA Group, Inc. Falls Church VA 322,560

Ghana Floating LNG Storage and Regasification Unit Reverse Trade Mission Global Marketing and Communications Boston MA 288,727

Kenya Airport Modernization Reverse Trade Mission Futron Corporation Bethesda MD 223,236

Kenya Airport Terminal Systems at the JKIA Airport Desk Study HE Pena Jr, Transportation Consulting Charleston SC 3,000

Nigeria Southwestern Nigeria Gas Pipeline Feasibility Study CORE International Washington DC 446,000

Nigeria Information and Communication Technology Definitional Mission Washington Strategic Advisors, LLC Washington DC 64,887

Nigeria Biomass Captive Power Desk Study CORE International Washington DC 5,000

Nigeria Shiroro/Egbin Power Plants Desk Study 3E Consulting LLC Blacksburg VA 5,000

Nigeria Children’s Hospital Independent Invoice Review Desk Study Barrer Group Vallejo CA 10,000

Nigeria Lagos State CNG Infrastructure Feasibility Study Selection in progress 494,000

Rwanda Banque Nationale Du Rwanda ICT Modernization Desk Study Douglas M Shuster dba Emerging Markets Infrastructure, LLC Herdon VA 3,000

Rwanda Civil Aviation Sector Desk Study KED Group Columbia SC 12,500

Rwanda Banque Nationale Du Rwanda ICT Modernization Desk Study Douglas M Shuster dba Emerging Markets Infrastructure, LLC Herdon VA 5,000

South Africa Airside Capacity Enhancements Feasibility Study Metron Aviation Inc. Dulles VA 758,000

South Africa Information and Communication Technologies Definitional Mission Global Resources, Inc. Irvine CA 70,783

South Africa Khayelitsha and Mitchells Plain Digital Inclusion Feasibility Study Selection in progress 315,000

South Africa South Africa Airways Reverse Trade Mission Futron Corporation Bethesda MD 347,480

South Africa South Africa and Botswana Aviation Sector Definitional Mission Airline Capital Associates, INC New York NY 65,000

South Africa Airports and Air Traffic and Navigation Services Reverse Trade Mission American Association of Airport Executives Alexandria VA 234,365

Regional SSA Advisory and Assistance Services Technical Assistance Elizabeth “Lisa” Bonnikson Washington DC 1,083

Regional SSA PSC, Business Development Manager Technical Assistance Jason Nagy 164,159

Regional SSA Southern Africa Rail Sector Definitional Mission TERA International Group, Inc. Sterling VA 24,999

Regional SSA Light Aircraft and Helicopter Reverse Trade Mission Koeppen, Elliott & Associates, Ltd. (KEA) Washington DC 214,320

Regional SSA Southern African Rail Sector Reverse Trade Mission TERA International Group, Inc. Sterling VA 544,724

Regional SSA Geothermal Definitional Mission Stephen Hirsch Reno NV 48,582

Regional SSA East Africa Railway Modernization Reverse Trade Mission Business Council for International Understanding, Inc. (BCIU) New York NY 228,987

Regional SSA Ghana and Nigeria Power Sector Definitional Mission CORE International Washington DC 56,000

Regional SSA Kenya and Tanzania: Electricity Sector Definitional Mission CJ Aron Associates, Inc. (dba GreenMax) New York NY 60,041

Regional SSA Southern Africa Solar Workshop and ReverseTrade Mission Reverse Trade Mission MFM Lamey Group Miami FL 497,915

Regional SSA Rift Valley Railways Desk Study The Seneca Group, LLC Washington DC 8,000

Regional SSA USTDA Regional Office, Johannesburg, South Africa Other U.S. Department of State Washington DC 215,000

Regional SSA Intermodal Freight Transportation Reverse Trade Mission The Webster Group, Inc. Washington DC 252,412

Regional SSA Southern Africa Solar Power Sector Definitional Mission Constant Group, LLC Maywood NJ 64,000

Total for Sub-Saharan Africa $6,053,761

Worldwide

Worldwide Travel Insurance Services Other 15,000

Worldwide Advisory and Assistance Services Technical Assistance Sarah Randolph 51,994

Worldwide Advisory and Assistance Services Technical Assistance Veronica Faust 54,989

Total for Worldwide: $ 121,982

Grand Total: $ 43,922,926
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 25

Independent Auditors’ Report

The Director

U.S. Trade and Development Agency:

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) as of 

September 30, 2012 and 2011, and the related statements of net cost, changes in net position, and statements of 

budgetary resources (hereinafter referred to as “financial statements”) for the years then ended. The objective of our 

audits was to express an opinion on the fair presentation of these financial statements. In connection with our fiscal 

year 2012 audit, we also considered the USTDA’s internal control over financial reporting and tested the USTDA’s 

compliance with certain provisions of applicable laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements that could have 

a direct and material effect on these financial statements.

Summary

As stated in our opinion on the financial statements, we concluded that the USTDA’s financial statements as of and 

for the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, are presented fairly, in all material respects, in conformity with 

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

As discussed in our Opinion on the Financial Statements, the USTDA changed its presentation for reporting the 

Statement of Budgetary Resources in fiscal year 2012.

Our consideration of internal control over financial reporting was not designed to identify all deficiencies in internal 

control over financial reporting that might be deficiencies, significant deficiencies, or material weaknesses. We did 

not identify any deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that we consider to be material weaknesses 

as defined in the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting section of this report.

The results of our tests of compliance with certain provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements 

disclosed no instances of noncompliance or other matters that are required to be reported under Government Auditing 

Standards, issued by the Comptroller General of the United States, and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 

Bulletin No. 07-04, Audit Requirements for Federal Financial Statements, as amended.

The following sections discuss our opinion on the USTDA’s financial statements; our consideration of the USTDA’s 

internal control over financial reporting; our tests of the USTDA’s compliance with certain provisions of applicable 

laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements; and management’s and our responsibilities.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of the United States Trade and Development Agency as of 

September 30, 2012 and 2011, and the related statements of net cost, changes in net position, and the statements 

of budgetary resources for the years then ended.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position 

of the United States Trade and Development Agency as of September 30, 2012 and 2011, and its net costs, changes 

in net position, and budgetary resources for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted 

accounting principles.

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the USTDA changed its presentation for reporting the Statement 

of Budgetary Resources in fiscal year 2012, based on new reporting requirements under OMB Circular No. A-136, 

Financial Reporting Requirements. As a result, the USTDA’s Statement of Budgetary Resources for fiscal year 2011 has 

been adjusted to conform to the current year presentation.

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require that the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) 

section, be presented to supplement the basic financial statements. Such information, although not a part of the 

KMPG LLP

Suite 12000

1801 K Street, NW

Washington, DC 20006
26 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

basic financial statements, is required by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board who considers it to be an 

essential part of financial reporting for placing the basic financial statements in an appropriate operational, economic, 

or historical context. We have applied certain limited procedures to the required supplementary information in 

accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which consisted of inquiries 

of management about the methods of preparing the information and comparing the information for consistency 

with management’s responses to our inquiries, the basic financial statements, and other knowledge we obtained 

during our audits of the basic financial statements. We do not express an opinion or provide any assurance on the 

information because the limited procedures do not provide us with sufficient evidence to express an opinion or 

provide any assurance. 

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management 

or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent, or detect and correct 

misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal 

control such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the entity’s financial statements 

will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis.

Our consideration of internal control over financial reporting was for the limited purpose described in the 

Responsibilities section of this report and was not designed to identify all deficiencies in internal control over 

financial reporting that might be deficiencies, significant deficiencies, or material weaknesses. In our fiscal year 

2012 audit, we did not identify any deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that we consider to be 

material weaknesses, as defined above.

Compliance and Other Matters

The results of certain of our tests of compliance as described in the Responsibilities section of this report, exclusive 

of those referred to in the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996 (FFMIA), disclosed no instances 

of noncompliance or other matters that are required to be reported herein under Government Auditing Standards or 

OMB Bulletin No. 07-04.

The results of our other tests of compliance as described in the Responsibilities section of this report, exclusive 

of those referred to in FFMIA, disclosed no instances of noncompliance or other matters that are required to be 

reported herein under Government Auditing Standards or OMB Bulletin No. 07-04. 

The results of our tests of FFMIA disclosed no instances in which the USTDA’s financial management systems did 

not substantially comply with the (1) Federal financial management systems requirements, (2) applicable Federal 

accounting standards, and (3) the United States Government Standard General Ledger at the transaction level.

* * * * * * *

Responsibilities

Management’s Responsibilities. Management is responsible for the financial statements; establishing and 

maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting; and complying with laws, regulations, contracts, and 

grant agreements applicable to the USTDA.

Auditors’ Responsibilities. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the fiscal year 2012 and 2011 financial 

statements of the USTDA based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards 

generally accepted in the United States of America; the standards applicable to financial audits contained in 

Government Auditing Standards, issued by the Comptroller General of the United States; and OMB Bulletin No. 

07-04. Those standards and OMB Bulletin No. 07-04 require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable 

assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes consideration 

of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the 

circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the USTDA’s internal control 

over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 27

An audit also includes:

•	 Examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements;

•	 Assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management; and

•	 Evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.

We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In planning and performing our fiscal year 2012 audit, we considered the USTDA’s internal control over financial 

reporting by obtaining an understanding of the USTDA’s internal control, determining whether internal controls 

had been placed in operation, assessing control risk, and performing tests of controls as a basis for designing our 

auditing procedures for the purpose of expressing our opinion on the financial statements, but not for the purpose 

of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the USTDA’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, 

we do not express an opinion on the effectiveness of the USTDA’s internal control over financial reporting. We did 

not test all internal controls relevant to operating objectives as broadly defined by the Federal Managers’ Financial 

Integrity Act of 1982.

As part of obtaining reasonable assurance about whether the USTDA’s fiscal year 2012 financial statements are 

free of material misstatement, we performed tests of the USTDA’s compliance with certain provisions of laws, 

regulations, contracts, and grant agreements, noncompliance with which could have a direct and material effect on 

the determination of the financial statement amounts, and certain provisions of other laws and regulations specified 

in OMB Bulletin No. 07-04, including the provisions referred to in Section 803(a) of FFMIA. We limited our tests 

of compliance to the provisions described in the preceding sentence, and we did not test compliance with all laws, 

regulations, contracts, and grant agreements applicable to the USTDA. However, providing an opinion on compliance 

with laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements was not an objective of our audit and, accordingly, we do 

not express such an opinion.

This report is intended solely for the information and use of the USTDA’s management, OMB, the U.S. Government 

Accountability Office, and the U.S. Congress and is not intended to be and should not be used by anyone other than 

these specified parties. 

November 7, 2012
28 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Assets FY 2012 FY 2011

Intragovernmental:

Fund balance with Treasury (Note 2) $ 105,936,940 $ 107,439,008

 Total intragovernmental 105,936,940 107,439,008

Accounts receivable, net (Note 3) 130 88

General property and equipment, net (Note 4) 455,258 377,799

 Total assets $ 106,392,328 $ 107,816,895

Liabilities and Net Position

Liabilities

Intragovernmental:

 Accounts payable (Note 5) $ 410,012 $ 270,000

 Other liabilities (Notes 2 and 5) 344,960 11,674

 Total intragovernmental 754,972 281,674

Accounts payable (Note 5) 6,635,416 6,895,481

Other liabilities (Note 5) 618,319 736,140

 Total liabilities 8,008,707 7,913,295

Net position:

Unexpended appropriations 98,368,749 100,017,436

Cumulative results of operations 14,872 (113,836)

 Total net position 98,383,621 99,903,600

 Total liabilities and net position $ 106,392,328 $ 107,816,895

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Balance Sheets

As of September 30, 2012 and 2011
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 29

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Statements of Net Cost

For the Years Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011

FY 2012 FY 2011 

Cost of Operations:

Grants program costs $ 54,920,156 $ 53,123,988

Less earned revenue — —

 Net cost of operations (Notes 6 and 11) $ 54,920,156 $ 53,123,988 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 
30 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Statements of Changes in Net Position

For the Years Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011

FY 2012 FY 2011 

Cumulative results of operations:

Beginning balances $ (113,836) $ 43,767

Budgetary financing sources

 Appropriations used 54,714,403 52,564,787

Other financing sources:

 Imputed financing 334,461 401,598

 Total financing sources 55,048,864 52,966,385

Net cost of operations (54,920,156) (53,123,988)

Net change 128,708 (157,603)

 Ending balances $ 14,872 $ (113,836)

Unexpended appropriations:

Beginning balances $ 100,017,436 $ 104,631,325

Adjustment to beginning balance: — 10,261

 Adjusted beginning balance 100,017,436 104,641,586

Budgetary financing sources:

 Appropriations received 50,000,000 50,000,000

 Appropriations transferred in 5,700,000 2,050,000

 Other adjustments (rescissions and 

cancellation of expired funds) (2,634,284) (4,109,363) 

 Appropriations used (54,714,403) (52,564,787)

 Total budgetary financing sources (1,648,687) (4,624,150)

 Total unexpended appropriations $ 98,368,749 $ 100,017,436

 Net position $ 98,383,621 $ 99,903,600

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 31

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Statements of Budgetary Resources

For the Years Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011

FY 2012 FY 2011 

Budgetary resources:

Unobligated balance, brought forward, October 1 $ 8,001,435 $ 6,690,288

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 7,215,415 8,018,027

Other changes in unobligated balance 3,065,716 (1,959,363)

Unobligated balance from prior year budget authority, net 18,282,566 12,748,952

Appropriations (discretionary and mandatory) 50,000,000 49,900,000

Spending authority (discretionary and mandatory) — (26,925)

Total budgetary resources $ 68,282,566 $ 62,622,027 

Status of budgetary resources:

Obligations incurred (Note 7) $ 56,949,477 $ 54,620,592

Unobligated balance, end of year:

 Apportioned (Notes 2, 8 and 10) 6,478,431 3,854,997

 Unapportioned (Note 2) 4,854,658 4,146,438

Total unobligated balance, end of year 11,333,089 8,001,435

Total status of budgetary resources $ 68,282,566 $ 62,622,027

Change in obligated balance:

Unpaid obligations, brought forward, October 1 (gross) $ 99,425,899 $ 106,560,515

 Obligated balance, start of year (net) before adjustments

Adjustment to unobligated balance start of year (net) — 338

Obligated balance, start of year (net), as adjusted 99,425,899 106,560,853

Obligations incurred 56,949,477 54,620,592

Outlays (gross) (54,901,070) (53,737,519)

Recoveries of prior years’ obligations (7,215,415) (8,018,027)

Obligated balance – end of the period 

 Unpaid obligations, end of year (gross) $ 94,258,891 $ 99,425,899

Obligated balance, end of the period (net) (Note 9) $ 94,258,891 $ 99,425,899

Budget Authority and Outlays, Net

Budget Authority, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 50,000,000 $ 49,900,000

Budget Authority, net (discretionary and mandatory) 50,000,000 49,900,000

Outlays, gross (discretionary and mandatory) 54,901,070 53,737,519

Outlays, net (discretionary and mandatory) 54,901,070 53,737,519

Distributed offsetting receipts — —

Agency outlays, net (discretionary and mandatory) $ 54,901,070 $ 53,737,519

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. 
32 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Description of Reporting Entity

The U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA or the Agency) is an independent U.S. government 

agency administered under the authority of Section 661 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended 

(22 U.S.C. §2421).

USTDA helps U.S. companies create jobs through export of U.S. goods and services for priority development 

projects in emerging economies. USTDA links U.S. businesses to export opportunities by funding project 

planning activities, pilot projects, and reverse trade missions while creating sustainable infrastructure and 

economic growth in partner countries.

The organization was established on July 1, 1980 as the U.S. Trade and Development Program (TDP) by 

delegation of authority as a component of the International Development Cooperation Agency (IDCA). 

In 1988, under the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act, the organization was a separate component 

agency of IDCA. On October 28, 1992, the Jobs Through Exports Act of 1992 established USTDA as an 

independent agency under the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State.

(b) Basis of Presentation

These financial statements have been prepared to report the financial position, net costs, changes in net 

position, and budgetary resources of USTDA, as required by its authorizing legislation (Public Law 102-549, 

Title II). These financial statements include all activity related to USTDA’s appropriation (No. 11-1001) and 

reimbursable interagency agreements, whereby USTDA receives transfers from other federal agencies for 

use in specific regions or sectors.

USTDA changed its presentation for reporting the Statement of Budgetary Resources in FY 2012, based on 

new reporting requirements under OMB Circular No. A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements. As a result, the 

Statement of Budgetary Resources for FY 2011 has been adjusted to conform to the current year presentation.

(c) Budgets and Budgetary Accounting

Congress annually adopts a budget appropriation that provides USTDA with authority to use funds from the 

U.S. Treasury to meet operating and program expense requirements. All revenue received from other sources, 

except for appropriations transferred from other federal agencies, must be returned to the U.S. Treasury. 

(d) Basis of Accounting

USTDA’s Balance Sheet, Statement of Net Cost, and Statement of Changes in Net Position are prepared 

using the accrual basis of accounting. This basis requires recognition of the financial effects of transactions, 

events, and circumstances in the periods when those transactions, events, and circumstances occur, 

regardless of when cash is received or paid. USTDA also uses budgetary accounting to facilitate compliance 

with legal constraints and to track its budget authority at the various stages of execution, including 

commitments, obligation, and eventual outlay. The Statement of Budgetary Resources is prepared using 

budgetary accounting methods.

The standards used in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements are issued by the Federal 

Accounting Standards Advisory Board, which represent accounting principles generally accepted in the 

United States of America for U.S. government entities.

(e) Appropriations and Other Financing Sources

Appropriations are recognized as a financing source at the time they are authorized and apportioned. 

Appropriations used to fund grant activities and administrative expenses are recognized as expenses and 

revenue as the resultant related expenses are incurred. 

During FY 2011 and FY 2012, USTDA received an appropriation to be used for program and administrative 

expenses, which are available for obligation through September 30, 2012 and 2013, respectively. These 

funds were appropriated in accordance with Section 2114 of the Department of Defense and Full-Year 

Continuing Resolution Act, 2011 and Title VI of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related 

Programs Appropriations Act, 2012 (“The Acts”). Beginning with FY 2008 appropriations, the Acts allow 

de-obligated funds that were initially obligated prior to their expiration to remain available for re-obligation 

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2012
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 33

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2012

for an additional 4 years from the date on which the availability of such funds would otherwise have expired. 

In FY  2012, USTDA re-apportioned approximately $.2 million of FY  2008 de-obligations, approximately 

$.9 million of FY 2009 de-obligations, and $.7 million of FY 2010 de-obligations.

Funds transferred from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) for Support for East 

European Democracy Act (SEED), Economic Support Funds (ESF), and the Freedom Support Act (FSA) during 

FY 2002–2005, are available for reobligation in the manner described in the preceding paragraph. SEED, 

ESF, and FSA funds for FY 1999–2001 that were initially obligated prior to their expiration remain available 

for re-obligation until expended. During FY 2012, approximately $1.5 million of FY 2009 de-obligations were 

reapportioned for re-use thru FY 2014.

(f) Fund Balance with Treasury

USTDA does not maintain cash in commercial bank accounts. The U.S. Treasury processes cash receipts and 

disbursements. The balance of funds with Treasury primarily represents appropriated funds that are available 

to pay current liabilities and finance authorized purchase commitments relative to goods or services.

(g) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. USTDA capitalizes property and 

equipment with an acquisition cost greater than $5,000 and useful life exceeding one year. Depreciation is 

calculated using the straight-line method and is based on an estimated useful life of 10 years for all assets, 

except computer equipment and software, which is depreciated over 5 years. Leasehold improvements 

are amortized over the estimated period of occupancy or the life of the improvement, whichever is less. 

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operating expenses as incurred.

(h) Liabilities

Liabilities represent amounts owed by USTDA as the result of transactions or events that have occurred as 

of fiscal year end. Liabilities covered by budgetary or other resources are those liabilities for which Congress 

has appropriated funds or funding is otherwise available to pay amounts owed. Liabilities not covered by 

budgetary or other resources represent amounts owed in excess of available, congressionally appropriated 

funds or other amounts. The liquidation of liabilities not covered by budgetary or other resources is 

dependent on future congressional appropriations or other funding. There is no certainty that Congress will 

appropriate funds to satisfy such liabilities.

USTDA has no capital leases. Regarding its building lease, the General Services Administration (GSA) 

entered into a lease agreement for USTDA’s rental of building space. USTDA pays GSA a standard-level 

users’ charge for the annual rental. The standard-level users’ charge approximates the commercial rental 

rates for similar properties. Average annual rent expense and related charges are approximately $1.5 million 

through 2012.

(i) Undelivered Orders

Undelivered orders represent the amount of orders for goods and services outstanding for which funds have 

been obligated, but the liabilities have not been incurred.

(j) Accrued Leave

Annual leave is accrued as a liability as it is earned. The liability is reduced as leave is taken. Each year, 

the balance in the accrued annual leave account is adjusted to reflect current year pay rates. To the extent 

that the current or prior year appropriations are not available to fund annual leave earned, but not taken, 

funding will be obtained from future appropriations. USTDA’s handling of annual leave earned, but not taken 

is compliant with established regulations. Sick leave and other types of non-vested leave are charged to 

expense as the leave is used.

(k) Cumulative Results of Operations

Cumulative results of operations represent the difference between net property and equipment and 

unfunded annual leave, plus the net difference between expenses and financing sources since the inception 

of an activity.
34 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2012

(l) Retirement Plan

USTDA’s employees participate in either the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) or the Federal 

Employees’ Retirement System (FERS). Employees participating in CSRS contribute 7.0 percent of their 

gross pay to the plan, and USTDA contributes 8.51 percent. The cost of providing a CSRS benefit, which 

is 29.8 percent as computed by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), is more than the amounts 

contributed by USTDA and its employees. In accordance with Statement of Federal Financial Accounting 

Standard (SFFAS) No. 5, Accounting for Liabilities of the Federal Government, USTDA reports the full cost of 

providing pension benefits to include the cost financed by OPM.

On January 1, 1987, FERS went into effect pursuant to Public Law 99-335. Most employees hired after 

December 31, 1983 are automatically covered by FERS and the Social Security Act. Employees hired prior 

to January 1, 1984 could elect either to join FERS and the Social Security Act or remain in CSRS. A primary 

feature of FERS is that it offers a savings plan in which USTDA automatically contributes 1 percent of 

employees’ pay and matches any employee contribution up to an additional 4 percent of basic pay. For most 

employees hired since December 31, 1983, USTDA also contributes the employer’s matching share under 

the Social Security Act. For the FERS basic benefit, the employees contribute 0.8 percent of their basic pay 

while USTDA contributes 11.2 percent for a total contribution rate of 12 percent. The cost of providing a FERS 

benefit, as computed by OPM is 13.7 percent.

The total amount of imputed financing for retirement and other post-retirement benefits paid by OPM for 

FY 2012 amounted to $334,461 which includes $100,933 for pension cost for CSRS and FERS; $232,622 

for the Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program; and $906 for Federal Employees Group Life 

Insurance (FEGLI). These amounts are included in USTDA’s FY 2012 financial statements. In FY 2011, OPM 

funded $401,598 to pension, health, and life insurance benefits on behalf of USTDA’s employees.

The actuarial present value of accumulated benefits, assets available for benefits, and unfunded pension 

liability of CSRS and FERS is not allocated to individual departments and agencies and is therefore not 

disclosed by USTDA. The reporting of these amounts is the responsibility of OPM. USTDA has properly 

computed this amount and recorded a liability for it.

USTDA paid approximately $521,551 and $500,230 for retirement system coverage for its employees during 

FY 2012 and FY 2011, respectively.

(m) Use of Estimates

Management has made certain estimates and assumptions when reporting in these financial statements 

on assets and liabilities. They are also used in expenses and note disclosures. Actual results could differ 

from these estimates. Significant estimates underlying the accompanying financial statements include 

depreciable lives of property and equipment with no residual value, and the grants payable accrual. USTDA 

uses a ratio of the average of accounts payable to unpaid obligations over a four year period and applies the 

resulting percentage to calculate the current year’s estimate of accounts payable.
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 35

(2) Fund Balance with Treasury

Fund Balance with Treasury represents USTDA’s undisbursed budgetary authority and funds to be returned to 

Treasury at September 30, 2012 and 2011, as follows:

FY 2012 FY 2011 

Fund balances:

Appropriated funds $ 105,591,980 $ 107,427,334

Miscellaneous Receipts 344,960 11,674

 Total $ 105,936,940 $ 107,439,008

Status of fund balance with Treasury:

Unobligated balance:

 Available $ 6,478,431 $ 3,854,997

 Unavailable 4,854,658 4,146,438

Obligated balance not yet disbursed 94,258,891 99,425,899

Non-budgetary 344,960 11,674

 Total $ 105,936,940 $ 107,439,008

Unobligated fund balances are either available or not available. Amounts are reported as not available when they 

are no longer legally available to USTDA for obligation. However, balances that are currently reported as not 

available can change over time, because they may be used to increase the amount of the initial obligation to cover 

additional expenditures that relate to these obligations.

(3) Accounts Receivables

Accounts receivables at September 30, 2012 and 2011 consist of the following components:

FY 2012 FY 2011

Accounts receivable $ 130 $ 88 

FY  2012 accounts receivable represents an employee salary compensation to be returned to USTDA; no 

allowance is necessary as the amount is fully collectable. FY 2011 accounts receivable represents an employee 

health insurance premium that was collected in FY 2012.

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2012
36 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2012

(4) Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment and related accumulated depreciation balances at September 30, 2012, and 2011 are 

as follows:

September 30, 2012

Class of Asset Service Life

Acquisition

value

Accumulated 

depreciation/ 

amortization

Net 

book value

Computer Equipment 5 years $ 553,166 $ 363,059 $ 190,107

Furniture and Fixtures 10 years 274,764 176,431 98,333

Computer Software 5 years 10,050 3,023 7,027

Other Equipment 10 years 266,313 106,522 159,791

Leasehold Improvement 1 year 113,182 113,182 —

Total property and equipment $ 1,217,475 $ 762,217 $ 455,258

September 30, 2011

Class of Asset Service Life

Acquisition

value

Accumulated 

depreciation/ 

amortization

Net 

book value

Computer Equipment 5 years $ 471,823 $ 287,009 $ 184,814

Furniture and Fixtures 10 years 232,468 163,873 68,595

Computer Software 5 years 5,046 1,514 3,532

Other Equipment 10 years 243,668 159,981 83,687

Leasehold Improvement 2 years 113,182 76,011 37,171

Total property and equipment $ 1,066,187 $ 688,388 $ 377,799

Depreciation expense for fiscal years ended September 30 , 2012 and 2011 is $ 153,379 and $157,909 respectively.

During FY 2012 and 2011, USTDA purchased property and equipment in the amount of $239,296 and $18,623 

respectively. In addition, during FY  2012 USTDA retired $88,008 in property and equipment with related 

accumulated depreciation amounting to $79,549, representing a loss on disposals of $8,459 while in FY 2011 

there were no disposals.
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 37

(5) Liabilities

Total liabilities represent the sum of liabilities not covered by budgetary resources, and those covered by 

budgetary resources. As of September 30, 2012 and 2011, total liabilities were as follows:

FY 2012 FY 2011

Intragovernmental Liabilities:

Liabilities not covered by budgetary resources:

 Miscellaneous receipts to be returned to Treasury $ 344,960 $ 11,674

Liabilities covered by budgetary resources:

 Accounts payable 410,012 270,000

 Total intragovernmental liabilities $ 754,972 $ 281,674

Other Liabilities:

Liabilities not covered by budgetary resources:

 Accrued annual leave $ 440,515 $ 491,723

Liabilities covered by budgetary resources:

 Accounts payable 6,635,416 6,895,481

 Accrued payroll 177,804 244,417

 Total other liabilities $ 7,253,735 $ 7,631,621

 Total liabilities $ 8,008,707 $ 7,913,295

All liabilities other than unfunded accrued leave are considered to be current liabilities. Approximately $6.1 million 

of the accounts payable balance as of September 30, 2012 relates to grants payments owed but unpaid. This 

balance was $6.2 million as of September 30, 2011.

(6) Intragovernmental Costs and Exchange Revenue

Program costs for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 consists of the following:

Grants Program FY 2012 FY 2011

Intragovernmental costs $ 2,656,359 $ 2,953,748

Public costs 52,263,797 50,170,240

 Total grant program costs 54,920,156 53,123,988

Intragovernmental earned revenue — —

 Net grant program costs $ 54,920,156 $ 53,123,988

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2012
38 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2012

(7) Apportionment Categories of Obligations Incurred

During the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, funds were obligated in the following categories:

Obligations FY 2012 FY 2011 

Category A – funds that are obligated for operating expenses $ 12,725,724 $ 13,548,511 

Category B – funds that are obligated for program activities 44,223,753 41,072,081

 Total obligations incurred $ 56,949,477 $ 54,620,592

(8) Unobligated Balances Available — Apportioned

Total available unobligated balance of budget authority at September 30, 2012 and 2011 consist of 

the following:

FY 2012 FY 2011 

Unrestricted no-year funds $ 325,959 $ 325,959 

Funds transferred from USAID for feasibility studies and 

related activities in the New Independent States (NIS), 

and Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) 49,564 61,565 

Funds transferred from USAID for feasibility studies and 

related activities in the NIS (Freedom Support Act (FSA) 

no-year funds) 58,328 63,315

 Total no-year funds $ 433,851 $ 450,839 

Funds transferred from USAID for feasibility studies and 

related activities in the NIS (FSA funds) — 318,930

Funds transferred from USAID for feasibility studies and 

related activities in Libya (ESF-MERF) 41,681 —

Funds transferred from USAID and reapportioned for 

feasibility studies and related activities in Pakistan (ESF) 

and regional Eurasia (AEECA) 380,987 —

USTDA core budget two-year appropriations 5,621,912 3,085,228

 Total unobligated and available appropriations $ 6,478,431 $ 3,854,997 

(9) Undelivered Orders

At September 30, 2012 and 2011, undelivered orders balances consisted of the following:

Purpose FY 2012 FY 2011 

Obligated balance at the end of the period $ 94,258,891 $ 99,425,899

Accounts payable (covered by budgetary resources) (7,223,232) (7,409,898)

 Undelivered orders $ 87,035,659 $ 92,016,001
2012 ANNUAL REPORT 39

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Notes to Financial Statements

September 30, 2012

(10) Permanent Indefinite Appropriations

No-year funds at September 30, 2012 and 2011 exist for the following purposes:

Purpose FY 2012 FY 2011

General program activities $ 325,959 $ 325,959

FSA transfer funds for feasibility studies and 

activities in the NIS 58,328 63,315

Support for feasibility studies and activities (NIS and SEED) 49,564 61,565

 Total permanent indefinite appropriations $ 433,851 $ 450,839

(11) Reconciliation of Net Cost to Budget

The following schedule reconciles resources available to USTDA to finance operations and the net cost of 

operating for fiscal years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011:

FY 2012 FY 2011

Resources used to finance activities:

Budgetary resources obligated $ 56,949,477 $ 54,620,592

Adjustment to beginning balance brought forward — 10,261

Recoveries of prior years obligations (7,215,415) (8,018,027)

Imputed financing for costs absorbed by others 334,461 401,598

 Total resources used to finance activities $ 50,068,523 $ 47,014,424

Resources used to finance items not part of the 

net cost of operations:

Change in budgetary resources obligated for goods and 

services ordered, but not received $ 4,980,341 $ 5,925,036

 Resources that finance the acquisition of assets (239,296) (18,623)

Loss on disposition of assets 8,459 —

Total resources used to finance items 

not part of the net cost of operations $ 4,749,504 $ 5,906,413

Costs that do not require resources:

Depreciation and amortization $ 153,379 $ 157,909

(Increase)/decrease in accounts receivable (42) 26,837

Costs that require resources in a future period:

(Decrease)/increase in accrued leave liability (51,208) 18,405

 Total costs that do not require resources $ 102,129 $ 203,151

 Net cost of operations $ 54,920,156 $ 53,123,988
40 U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Intragovernmental Assets

As of September 30, 2012

Trading Partner Partner # 

Accounts 

Receivable

Fund Balance 

with Treasury

Department of the Treasury 20 $ — $105,936,940

Total $ — $105,936,940

Intragovernmental Liabilities

As of September 30, 2012

Trading Partner Partner # 

Accounts 

Payable

Fund to be 

Returned to 

Treasury

Department of Agriculture 12 $ 1,000 $ —

Department of State 19 130,005 —

Department of Treasury 20 — 344,960

Foreign Service Institute 21 340 —

General Services Administration 47 82,457 —

Office of Personnel Management 24 551 —

U.S. Foreign Commercial Services 13 195,659 —

Total $ 410,012 $ 344,960

Intragovernmental Expenses

For the Year Ended September 30, 2012

Trading Partner Partner # Amount

Department of Agriculture 12 $ 3,000

Foreign Service Institute 21 2,560

Department of Homeland Security 70 23,733

Department of Interior (NBC) 14 674,375

Department of State 19 354,290

General Services Administration 47 1,472,206

National Archives 88 1,363

Office of Personnel Management 24 742

U.S. Foreign Commercial Services 13 123,905

U.S. Postal Service 18 185

Total $ 2,656,359

U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

Other Accompanying Information

Intragovernmental Assets, Liabilities and Expenses

As of and for the year ended September 30, 2012

U.S. Trade and Development Agency

1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600 • Arlington, Virginia 22209-3901

Phone: (703) 875-4357 • Fax: (703) 875-4009 • Website: www.ustda.gov • E-mail: info@ustda.gov