Light-Duty Automotive Technology and 


Fuel Economy Trends: 


1975 through 2007


Appendix Q: Characteristics of Fleets 


Comprised of Fuel Efficient Vehicles 


Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division


and


Transportation and Climate Division


Office of Transportation and Air Quality


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

NOTICE 

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or 

positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data 

that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to 

facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of 

technical developments. 

EPA420-R-07-008


September 2007

Table Q-1 

Best Four Model Year 2007 Cars by Vehicle Size Class 

 <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> 

 LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ 

 55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

Two Seater Mazda MX-5 ..................................... 30.8 20.9 27.5 24.2 

Lotus ELISE-EXIGE .............................. 30.4 20.8 26.8 23.9 

Porsche CAYMAN ................................. 29.4 19.4 27.8 23.4 

BMW Z4 3.0I .................................... 28.1 18.3 27.6 23.3 

Minicompact* BMW MINI COOPER ................................ 37.8 25.4 33.2 29.3 

 BMW MINI COOPER CONVERTIBLE .................... 31.9 21.1 29.6 25.2 

Volkswagen NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE .............. 29.1 19.2 27.7 23.3 

Mitsubishi ECLIPSE SPYDER ...................... 25.7 17.0 24.6 20.6 

Subcompact Toyota YARIS ....................................42.4 28.9 35.3 32.3 

Honda CIVIC .................................... 37.9 24.8 34.7 29.6 

General Motors AVEO 5 ...........................34.3 22.7 31.5 27.0 

General Motors G5 PURSUIT .......................32.1 21.3 29.7 25.4 

Compact Honda CIVIC HYBRID ............................. 58.8 40.2 45.3 42.9 

Toyota COROLLA ................................. 39.3 26.1 34.8 30.5 

KIA RIO ........................................ 38.2 25.5 33.9 29.7 

Hyundai ACCENT ................................. 37.1 24.8 33.0 28.9 

Midsize Toyota PRIUS ................................... 65.8 47.7 45.1 46.2 

Nissan ALTIMA HYBRID ........................... 46.7 35.1 33.0 33.9 

Toyota CAMRY HYBRID ............................ 45.9 33.4 34.1 33.8 

Hyundai ELANTRA ................................ 36.8 24.6 32.8 28.6 

Large Toyota AVALON .................................. 29.8 19.7 28.3 23.8 

Hyundai SONATA ................................. 29.5 19.3 28.6 23.7 

Ford FIVE HUNDRED FWD ...........................28.0 18.6 26.5 22.4 

General Motors IMPALA ...........................27.7 18.0 27.5 22.4 

Small Honda FIT ...................................... 40.0 27.1 34.2 30.7 

Wagon Toyota COROLLA MATRIX .......................... 36.4 24.8 31.3 28.2 

Suzuki SX4 ..................................... 32.8 22.2 29.1 25.6 

 VW A3 .......................................... 32.1 21.6 28.9 25.2 

Midsize Ford FOCUS STATION WAG ......................... 34.6 23.2 31.1 27.1 

Wagon VW PASSAT ...................................... 29.4 19.4 27.9 23.5 

Subaru LEGACY AWD .............................. 28.4 19.1 26.1 22.6 

Subaru OUTBACK AWD ............................. 27.9 18.9 25.3 22.1 

Large Mercedes R320 CDI 4MATIC ....................... 28.2 19.0 25.9 22.4 

Wagon Chrysler PACIFICA 2WD .......................... 22.8 14.9 22.8 18.6 

Chrysler PACIFICA AWD .......................... 21.6 14.1 21.8 17.7 

Mercedes R350 4MATIC ........................... 21.2 14.6 19.5 17.0 

*Note: BMW MINI COOPER includes turbocharged version. BMW MINI COOPER CONVERTIBLE includes 

turbocharged version.

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-1 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-2 

Best Four Model Year 2007 Trucks by Vehicle Size Class 

 <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> 

 LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ 

 55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

Midsize Pickup Toyota TACOMA 2WD ............................ 25.3 17.6 22.3 20.0 

General Motors COLORADO 2WD .................. 23.9 16.1 22.5 19.2 

Ford RANGER PICKUP 2WD ....................... 23.9 16.4 21.5 19.0 

Toyota TACOMA 4WD ............................ 22.8 16.0 20.0 18.1 

Large Pickup Nissan FRONTIER 2WD .......................... 25.4 17.7 22.2 20.0 

General Motors COLORADO CREW CAB 2WD ......... 23.0 15.5 21.6 18.5 

General Motors C15 SILVERADO CLASSIC HYBRID... 22.3 15.9 19.2 17.6 

Mazda B3000 .................................. 22.0 15.1 20.1 17.6 

Midsize Van Ford FREESTYLE FWD ........................... 26.5 17.9 24.5 21.1 

Toyota SIENNA 2WD ............................ 26.5 17.9 24.4 21.1 

Chrysler CARAVAN 2WD ......................... 24.8 16.5 23.7 20.0 

Honda ODYSSEY 2WD ............................ 24.7 16.3 24.0 20.0 

Large Van General Motors G1500-2500 VAN 2WD ............ 21.2 14.7 19.2 17.0 

General Motors H1500-2500 VAN AWD ............ 19.5 13.3 18.4 15.8 

General Motors G1500-2500 EXPRESS 2WD ........ 18.6 12.9 17.0 15.0 

General Motors H1500 EXPRESS AWD ............. 18.1 12.7 16.5 14.6 

Small Utility Subaru FORESTER AWD .......................... 28.6 19.6 25.4 22.5 

Chrysler WRANGLER 2WD ........................ 21.9 15.1 19.9 17.5 

Chrysler WRANGLER 4WD ........................ 20.6 14.5 18.0 16.3 

Midsize Utility Ford ESCAPE HYBRID FWD ....................... 40.6 31.3 28.5 29.6 

Ford ESCAPE HYBRID 4WD ....................... 36.5 27.6 26.7 27.1 

Toyota HIGHLANDER HYBRID 2WD ................. 35.0 27.5 24.5 25.7 

Toyota HIGHLANDER HYBRID 4WD ................. 34.3 26.5 24.6 25.4 

Large Utility Mercedes ML320 CDI 4MATIC .................... 27.5 18.9 24.4 21.7 

Mercedes GL320 CDI 4MATIC .................... 26.1 18.0 23.4 20.7 

Nissan MURANO FWD ............................ 25.9 17.7 23.3 20.5 

General Motors EQUINOX FWD ................... 25.6 17.2 24.0 20.5 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-2 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-3 

MY2007 Best in Car Size Class Role Models 

 Inertia Engine Lab 

Size Class Rank Manufacturer Model Name Weight Drive HP CID Trans 55/45 

 MPG 

Two Seater 1 Mazda MX-5 2750 Rear 170 122 M5 31.3 

 2 Mazda MX-5 2750 Rear 170 122 M6 31.2 

 3 Porsche CAYMAN 3000 Rear 245 164 M5 30.8 

 4 Lotus ELISE-EXIGE 2250 Rear 190 110 M6 30.6 

 5 Mazda MX-5 2750 Rear 166 122 L6 29.5 

 6 Lotus ELISE-EXIGE 2250 Rear 260 110 M6 29.4 

 7 General Motors SOLSTICE 3500 Rear 260 122 M5 29.3 

 8 Porsche CAYMAN 3000 Rear 245 164 M6 29.1 

 9 BMW Z4 3.0I 3500 Rear 215 183 L6 28.2 

 10 Porsche CAYMAN 3500 Rear 245 164 L5 28.1 

 11 General Motors SOLTICE 3500 Rear 260 122 L5 28.0 

 12 BMW Z4 3.0I 3500 Rear 215 183 M6 27.9 

MiniCompact 1 BMW MINI COOPER 2750 Front 120 98 M6 41.1 

 2 BMW MINI COOPER 2750 Front 120 98 L6 38.4 

 3 BMW MINI COOPER S 3000 Front 175 98 M6 37.3 

 4 BMW MINI COOPER S 3000 Front 175 98 L6 34.7 

 5 BMW MINI COOPER CONVERTIBLE 3000 Front 114 98 M5 34.4 

 6 BMW MINI COOPER CONVERTIBLE 3000 Front 114 98 CVT 33.1 

 7 BMW MINI COOPER S CONVERTIBLE 3000 Front 168 98 M6 30.9 

 8 BMW MINI COOPER S CONVERTIBLE 3000 Front 168 98 L6 29.8 

 9 VW NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE 3500 Front 150 151 M5 29.2 

 10 VW NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE 3500 Front 150 151 L6 29.0 

 11 Mitsubishi ECLIPSE SPYDER 3500 Front 162 145 M5 28.7 

 12 Mitsubishi ECLIPSE SPYDER 4000 Front 162 145 L4 28.4 

SubCompact 1 Toyota YARIS 2500 Front 106 91 M5 43.0 

 2 Toyota YARIS 2500 Front 106 91 L4 42.3 

 3 Honda CIVIC 2750 Front 140 110 M5 39.2 

 4 Honda CIVIC 3000 Front 140 110 M5 39.1 

 5 Honda CIVIC 3000 Front 140 110 L5 39.0 

 6 Honda CIVIC 3000 Front 113 110 L5 37.5 

 7 General Motors AVEO 5 2750 Front 103 98 M5 35.5 

 8 General Motors G5 PURSUIT 3000 Front 145 134 M5 35.1 

 9 General Motors AVEO 5 2750 Front 103 98 A4 34.1 

 10 General Motors G5 PURSUIT 3000 Front 171 145 M5 33.2 

 11 General Motors G5 PURSUIT 3000 Front 171 145 L4 32.6 

 12 Toyota IS 250 4000 Rear 204 152 L6 31.9 

Compact 1 Honda CIVIC HYBRID 3000 Front 110 82 CVT 58.8 

 2 Toyota COROLLA 2750 Front 126 110 M5 41.8 

 3 Toyota COROLLA 2750 Front 126 110 L4 39.1 

 4 Kia RIO 2750 Front 110 98 M5 39.0 

 5 Hyundai ACCENT 2750 Front 110 98 M5 38.9 

 6 Kia RIO 2750 Front 110 98 L4 38.0 

 7 Hyundai ACCENT 2750 Front 110 98 L4 36.7 

 8 Mazda MAZDA3 3000 Front 150 122 M5 36.2 

 9 Ford FOCUS FWD 3000 Front 136 121 M5 36.0 

 10 General Motors AVEO 2750 Front 103 98 M5 35.5 

 11 General Motors ION 3000 Front 145 134 M5 35.1 

 12 Mitsubishi LANCER 3000 Front 120 122 M5 34.9 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-3 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-3 (continued) 

 Inertia Engine Lab 

Size Class Rank Manufacturer Model Name Weight Drive HP CID Trans 55/45 

 MPG 

Midsize 1 Toyota PRIUS 3000 Front 76 91 CVT 65.8 

 2 Nissan ALTIMA HYBRID 3500 Front 163 152 CVT 46.7 

 3 Toyota CAMRY HYBRID 4000 Front 147 144 CVT 45.9 

 4 Nissan VERSA 3000 Front 120 110 CVT 37.7 

 5 Nissan VERSA 3000 Front 120 110 M6 37.3 

 6 Nissan SENTRA 3000 Front 140 122 CVT 37.1 

 7 Hyundai ELANTRA 3000 Front 138 121 L4 36.9 

 8 Hyundai ELANTRA 3000 Front 138 121 M5 36.3 

 9 Honda ACCORD HYBRID 4000 Front 253 183 L5 36.3 

 10 Nissan VERSA 3000 Front 120 110 L4 35.9 

 11 Nissan SENTRA 3000 Front 140 122 M6 35.8 

 12 Kia SPECTRA 3000 Front 132 121 L4 35.0 

Large 1 Hyundai SONATA 3500 Front 162 144 M5 32.7 

 2 Hyundai SONATA 3500 Front 162 144 L4 32.0 

 3 Toyota AVALON 4000 Front 268 211 L5 29.8 

 4 General Motors MALIBU MAXX 4000 Front 210 214 L4 28.5 

 5 General Motors IMPALA 4000 Front 210 214 L4 28.5 

 6 Ford FIVE HUNDRED FWD 4000 Front 203 182 L6 28.0 

 7 Hyundai SONATA 4000 Front 237 204 L5 27.8 

 8 General Motors LUCERNE 4000 Front 200 231 L4 27.0 

 9 General Motors IMPALA 4000 Front 240 237 L4 26.8 

 10 Ford TAURUS 3500 Front 155 182 L4 26.4 

 11 Hyundai AZERA 4000 Front 266 231 L5 26.1 

 12 DC CHARGER 4000 Rear 253 215 L5 25.3 

Small Wagon 1 Honda FIT 2750 Front 109 91 M5 41.1 

 2 Honda FIT 2750 Front 109 91 L5 40.0 

 3 Toyota COROLLA MATRIX 3000 Front 126 110 M5 38.2 

 4 Toyota COROLLA MATRIX 3000 Front 126 110 L4 36.2 

 5 Suzuki SX4 3000 Front 143 140 L4 33.3 

 6 VW A3 3500 Front 200 121 L6 32.7 

 7 Suzuki SX4 3000 Front 143 140 M5 31.8 

 8 VW A3 3500 Front 200 121 M6 31.1 

 9 Suzuki SX4 AWD 3000 4wd 143 140 L4 31.0 

 10 General Motors HHR FWD 3500 Front 172 145 L4 30.6 

 11 General Motors HHR PANEL FWD 3500 Front 145 134 M5 30.4 

 12 DC PT CRUISER 3500 Front 220 148 M5 30.3 

Midsize 1 Ford FOCUS STATION WAGON 3000 Front 136 121 M5 36.0 

Wagon 2 Ford FOCUS STATION WAGON 3000 Front 130 121 L4 34.5 

 3 VW PASSAT WAGON 3500 Front 200 121 M6 31.1 

 4 VW PASSAT WAGON 4000 Front 200 121 L6 30.5 

 5 Subaru LEGACY WAGON AWD 3500 4wd 175 150 L4 30.1 

 6 Subaru OUTBACK WAGON AWD 3500 4wd 175 150 M5 29.4 

 7 Subaru OUTBACK WAGON AWD 3500 4wd 175 150 L4 28.8 

 8 Subaru LEGACY WAGON AWD 3500 4wd 173 150 M5 28.7 

 9 Volvo V70 FWD 3500 Front 168 149 M5 28.6 

 10 Mazda MAZDA5 3500 Front 157 140 M5 28.6 

 11 Kia RONDO 3500 Front 162 144 L4 28.3 

 12 Volvo V70 FWD 4000 Front 168 149 L5 28.0 

Large 1 Mercedes R320 CDI 4MATIC 5500 4wd 215 182 L7 28.2 

Wagon 2 DC PACIFICA 2WD 4500 Front 205 231 L4 23.6 

 3 DC PACIFICA 2WD 4500 Front 250 241 L6 22.4 

 4 DC PACIFICA AWD 5000 4wd 250 241 L6 21.6 

 5 Mercedes R350 4MATIC 5500 4wd 268 213 L7 21.3 

 6 Mercedes R500 4MATIC 5500 4wd 302 303 L7 18.1 

 7 Mercedes R63 AMG 5500 4wd 503 379 L7 15.5 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-4 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-4 

MY2007 Best in Truck Size Class Role Models 

 Inertia Engine Lab 

Size Rank Manufacturer Model Name Weight Drive HP CID Trans 55/45 

Class MPG 

Midsize 1 Ford RANGER PICKUP 2WD 3500 Rear 143 140 M5 30.3 

Pickup 2 Toyota TACOMA 2WD 3500 Rear 159 164 M5 30.1 

 3 Toyota TACOMA 2WD 4000 Rear 159 164 L4 27.6 

 4 Toyota TACOMA 2WD 3500 Rear 159 164 L4 27.6 

 5 Ford RANGER PICKUP 2WD 3500 Rear 143 140 L5 26.9 

 6 Toyota TACOMA 2WD 4000 Rear 159 164 M5 26.1 

 7 General Motors COLORADO 2WD 4000 Rear 190 178 M5 26.1 

 8 General Motors COLORADO 2WD 3500 Rear 190 178 M5 26.1 

 9 Toyota TACOMA 4WD 4000 4wd 159 164 M5 24.7 

 10 Toyota TACOMA 2WD 4000 Rear 236 241 L5 23.5 

 11 General Motors COLORADO 4WD 4000 4wd 190 178 M5 23.5 

 12 Ford RANGER PICKUP 2WD 3500 Rear 148 182 M5 23.4 

Large 1 Nissan FRONTIER 2WD 4000 Rear 151 152 M5 27.3 

Pickup 2 General Motors COLORADO CREW CAB 2WD 4000 Rear 190 178 M5 26.1 

 3 Nissan FRONTIER 2WD 4000 Rear 151 152 L5 24.2 

 4 Mazda B3000 4000 Rear 148 182 M5 23.4 

 5 General Motors COLORADO CREW CAB 2WD 4000 Rear 190 178 L4 23.1 

 6 General Motors COLORADO CREW CAB 2WD 4000 Rear 190 223 L4 22.9 

 7 Nissan FRONTIER V6-2WD 4500 Rear 261 241 M6 22.4 

 8 General Motors C15 SILVERADO CLASSIC HYBRID 2WD 5000 Rear 295 325 L4 22.3 

 9 Toyota TACOMA 4WD 4500 4wd 236 241 L5 22.2 

 10 DC RAM 1500 PICKUP 2WD 4500 Rear 215 226 M6 22.2 

 11 DC RAM 1500 PICKUP 2WD 5000 Rear 215 226 M6 22.2 

 12 General Motors C15 SILVERADO 2WD 5000 Rear 310 325 L4 22.0 

Midsize 1 Toyota SIENNA 2WD 4000 Front 269 211 L5 28.9 

Van 2 Ford FREESTYLE FWD 4000 Front 203 182 AV 26.5 

 3 Toyota SIENNA 2WD 4500 Front 266 211 L5 26.5 

 4 DC CARAVAN 2WD 4000 Front 150 148 L4 25.9 

 5 DC CARAVAN 2WD 4000 Front 180 201 L4 25.6 

 6 Honda ODYSSEY 2WD 4500 Front 244 212 L5 25.0 

 7 General Motors UPLANDER FWD 4500 Front 240 237 L4 24.6 

 8 Nissan QUEST 4500 Front 240 213 L5 24.4 

 9 DC VOYAGER-TOWN&COUNTRY 4500 Front 180 201 L4 24.4 

 10 Ford FREESTYLE AWD 4500 4wd 203 182 AV 24.3 

 11 Kia SEDONA 4500 Front 244 231 L5 23.8 

 12 DC CARAVAN 2WD 4500 Front 205 231 L4 23.6 

Large 1 General Motors G1500-2500 VAN 2WD 5000 Rear 195 262 L4 21.3 

Van 2 General Motors G1500-2500 VAN 2WD 5000 Rear 295 325 L4 20.9 

 3 General Motors G1500-2500 EXPRESS 2WD 5500 Rear 295 325 L4 19.7 

 4 General Motors H1500-2500 VAN AWD 5500 4wd 295 325 L4 19.5 

 5 General Motors G1500-2500 EXPRESS 2WD 6000 Rear 295 325 L4 18.4 

 6 General Motors H1500 EXPRESS AWD 6000 4wd 295 325 L4 18.2 

Small 1 Subaru FORESTER AWD 3500 4wd 173 150 L4 28.8 

Utility 2 Subaru FORESTER AWD 3500 4wd 173 150 M5 28.7 

 3 Subaru FORESTER AWD 3500 4wd 230 150 M5 26.7 

 4 Subaru FORESTER AWD 3500 4wd 230 150 L4 26.5 

 5 DC WRANGLER 2WD 4000 Rear 190 231 M6 22.8 

 6 DC WRANGLER 2WD 4000 Rear 190 231 L4 21.7 

 7 DC WRANGLER 4WD 4000 4wd 190 231 M6 21.5 

 8 DC WRANGLER 4WD 4500 4wd 190 231 M6 20.7 

 9 DC WRANGLER 4WD 4500 4wd 190 231 L4 20.3 

 10 DC WRANGLER 4WD 4000 4wd 190 231 L4 20.3 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-5 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-4 (continued) 

 Inertia Engine Lab 

Size Rank Manufacturer Model Name Weight Drive HP CID Trans 55/45 

Class MPG 

Midsize 1 Ford ESCAPE HYBRID FWD 4000 Front 133 140 AV 40.6 

Utility 2 Ford ESCAPE HYBRID 4WD 4000 4wd 133 140 AV 36.6 

 3 Toyota HIGHLANDER HYBRID 2WD 4500 Front 208 202 AV 35.0 

 4 Toyota HIGHLANDER HYBRID 4WD 4500 4wd 208 202 AV 34.3 

 5 General Motors VUE HYBRID 3500 Front 170 145 L4 34.0 

 6 DC COMPASS 2WD 3500 Front 165 144 M5 32.6 

 7 DC COMPASS 4WD 3500 4wd 165 144 M5 31.6 

 8 Toyota RAV4 2WD 3500 Front 166 144 L4 30.5 

 9 Ford ESCAPE FWD 3500 Front 153 140 M5 30.3 

 10 General Motors VUE FWD 3500 Front 145 134 M5 30.3 

 11 DC COMPASS 2WD 3500 Front 165 144 AV 30.0 

 12 Honda CR-V 2WD 3500 Front 166 144 L5 29.9 

Large 1 Mercedes ML320 CDI 4MATIC 5000 4wd 215 182 L7 27.5 

Utility 2 Mercedes GL320 CDI 4MATIC 6000 4wd 215 182 L7 26.1 

 3 Nissan MURANO FWD 4000 Front 245 213 AV 25.9 

 4 General Motors EQUINOX FWD 4000 Front 185 204 L5 25.6 

 5 Nissan MURANO AWD 4000 4wd 245 213 AV 25.5 

 6 BMW X3 3.0I 4000 4wd 255 183 L6 25.5 

 7 Nissan MURANO AWD 4500 4wd 245 213 AV 25.1 

 8 General Motors RENDEZVOUS FWD 4000 Front 200 213 L4 24.9 

 9 General Motors EQUINOX AWD 4000 4wd 185 204 L5 24.8 

 10 BMW X3 3.0I 4000 4wd 255 183 M6 24.7 

 11 General Motors ACADIA FWD 5000 Front 267 218 L6 24.5 

 12 Ford EDGE FWD 4500 Front 265 213 L6 24.3 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-6 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-5 

MY2007 Best in Car Weight Class Role Models 

Inertia Engine Lab 

Weight Rank Manufacturer Model Name Size Class Drive HP CID Trans 55/45 

 MPG 

 2250 1 Lotus ELISE-EXIGE Two-seater Rear 190 110 M6 30.6 

 2 Lotus ELISE-EXIGE Two-seater Rear 260 110 M6 29.4 

 2500 1 Toyota YARIS Subcompact Front 106 91 M5 43.0 

 2 Toyota YARIS Subcompact Front 106 91 L4 42.3 

 2750 1 Toyota COROLLA Compact Front 126 110 M5 41.8 

 2 Honda FIT Small Wagon Front 109 91 M5 41.1 

 3 BMW MINI COOPER Minicompact Front 120 98 M6 41.1 

 4 Honda FIT Small Wagon Front 109 91 L5 40.0 

 5 Honda CIVIC Subcompact Front 140 110 M5 39.2 

 6 Toyota COROLLA Compact Front 126 110 L4 39.1 

 7 Kia RIO Compact Front 110 98 M5 39.0 

 8 Hyundai ACCENT Compact Front 110 98 M5 38.9 

 9 BMW MINI COOPER Minicompact Front 120 98 L6 38.4 

 10 Kia RIO Compact Front 110 98 L4 38.0 

 11 Hyundai ACCENT Compact Front 110 98 L4 36.7 

 12 General Motors AVEO Compact Front 103 98 M5 35.5 

3000 1 Toyota PRIUS Midsize Front 76 91 CVT 65.8 

 2 Honda CIVIC HYBRID Compact Front 110 82 CVT 58.8 

 3 Honda CIVIC Subcompact Front 140 110 M5 39.1 

 4 Honda CIVIC Subcompact Front 140 110 L5 39.1 

 5 Toyota COROLLA MATRIX Small Wagon Front 126 110 M5 38.2 

 6 Nissan VERSA Midsize Front 120 110 CVT 37.7 

 7 Honda CIVIC Subcompact Front 113 110 L5 37.5 

 8 Nissan VERSA Midsize Front 120 110 M6 37.3 

 9 BMW MINI COOPER S Minicompact Front 175 98 M6 37.3 

 10 Nissan SENTRA Midsize Front 140 122 CVT 37.1 

 11 Hyundai ELANTRA Midsize Front 138 121 L4 36.9 

 12 Hyundai ELANTRA Midsize Front 138 121 M5 36.3 

3500 1 Nissan ALTIMA HYBRID Midsize Front 163 152 CVT 46.7 

 2 Nissan ALTIMA Midsize Front 175 152 M6 35.0 

 3 Nissan SENTRA Midsize Front 172 152 CVT 34.8 

 4 DC CALIBER Compact Front 143 110 M5 34.5 

 5 Nissan ALTIMA Midsize Front 175 152 CVT 34.3 

 6 Honda ACCORD Midsize Front 166 144 M5 33.9 

 7 DC CALIBER Compact Front 165 144 M5 33.1 

 8 Toyota CAMRY SOLARA Compact Front 155 144 L5 33.0 

 9 Hyundai SONATA Large Front 162 144 M5 32.7 

 10 General Motors MALIBU Midsize Front 145 134 L4 32.7 

 11 Kia OPTIMA Midsize Front 162 144 M5 32.7 

 12 VW JETTA Compact Front 200 121 L6 32.7 

4000 1 Toyota CAMRY HYBRID Midsize Front 147 144 CVT 45.9 

 2 Honda ACCORD HYBRID Midsize Front 253 183 L5 36.3 

 3 Mercedes E320 BLUETEC Midsize Rear 210 182 L7 34.7 

 4 Toyota IS 250 Subcompact Rear 204 152 L6 31.9 

 5 VW A4 Compact Front 200 121 CVT 31.8 

 6 VW A4 CABRIOLET Subcompact Front 200 121 CVT 31.8 

 7 VW EOS Subcompact Front 200 121 L6 30.5 

 8 VW PASSAT WAGON Midsize wagon Front 200 121 L6 30.5 

 9 Toyota AVALON Large Front 268 211 L5 29.8 

 10 Toyota CAMRY Midsize Front 268 211 L6 29.6 

 11 VW A4 AVANT QUATTRO Small Wagon 4WD 200 121 M6 29.6 

 12 VW A4 QUATTRO Compact 4WD 200 121 M6 29.6 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-7 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-5 (continued) 

Inertia Engine Lab 

Weight Rank Manufacturer Model Name Size Class Drive HP CID Trans 55/45 

 MPG 

4500 1 Toyota GS 450H Compact Rear 292 211 L6 30.8 

 2 VW A4 CABRIOLET QUATTRO Subcompact 4WD 255 191 L6 25.4 

 3 VW A6 AVANT QUATTRO Midsize wagon 4WD 255 191 L6 25.4 

 4 Toyota LS 460 Midsize Rear 380 281 L8 25.4 

 5 Toyota LS 460 L Midsize Rear 380 281 L8 24.7 

 6 VW A6 QUATTRO Midsize 4WD 350 254 L6 23.8 

 7 VW A8 Midsize 4WD 350 254 L6 23.8 

 8 VW A8 L Large 4WD 350 254 L6 23.8 

 9 DC PACIFICA 2WD Large wagon Front 205 231 L4 23.6 

 10 General Motors STS AWD Midsize 4WD 254 218 L5 23.6 

 11 Mercedes E350 4MATIC (WAGON) Midsize wagon 4WD 268 213 L5 23.4 

 12 BMW 650CI CONVERTIBLE Subcompact Rear 360 293 L6 23.1 

5000 1 DC PACIFICA AWD Large wagon 4WD 250 241 L6 21.6 

 2 Mercedes S550 4MATIC Large 4WD 382 333 L7 21.0 

 3 General Motors LIMOUSINE Large Front 275 279 L4 20.0 

 4 VW S8 Midsize 4WD 450 317 L6 19.9 

 5 BMW 760LI Large Rear 438 364 L6 19.6 

 6 VW A8 L Large 4WD 450 366 L6 19.4 

 7 Mercedes CL600 Compact Rear 510 336 L5 17.4 

 8 Mercedes S600 Large Rear 510 336 L5 17.1 

5500 1 Mercedes R320 CDI 4MATIC Large Wagon 4WD 215 182 L7 28.2 

 2 Mercedes R350 4MATIC Large Wagon 4WD 268 213 L7 21.3 

 3 Mercedes R500 4MATIC Large Wagon 4WD 302 303 L7 18.1 

 4 Mercedes S65 AMG Large Rear 603 365 L5 17.4 

 5 Rolls-Royce PHANTOM Midsize Rear 453 412 L6 17.3 

 6 Bentley CONTINENTAL GT Compact 4WD 600 366 L6 16.2 

 7 Mercedes R63 AMG Large Wagon 4WD 503 379 L7 15.5 

6000 1 General Motors FUNERAL COACH-HEARSE Large Front 275 279 L4 18.9 

 2 Bentley CONTINENTAL FLYING SPUR Midsize 4WD 600 366 L6 15.9 

 3 Bentley CONTINENTAL GTC Subcompact 4WD 600 366 L6 15.9 

 4 Bentley ARNAGE Midsize Rear 500 412 L6 14.4 

 5 Bentley AZURE Subcompact Rear 500 412 L6 14.4 

6500 1 Mercedes MAYBACH 57 Large Rear 543 336 L5 15.7 

 2 Mercedes MAYBACH 57S Large Rear 603 365 L5 15.2 

 3 Bentley ARNAGE LWB Large Rear 500 412 L6 14.3 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-8 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-6 

MY2007 Best in Truck Weight Class Role Models 

Inertia Engine Lab 

Weight Rank Manufacturer Model Name Size Class Drive HP CID Trans. 55/45 

 MPG 

3500 1 General Motors VUE HYBRID Medium Utility Front 170 145 L4 34.0 

 2 DC COMPASS 2WD Medium Utility Front 165 144 M5 32.6 

 3 DC COMPASS 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 165 144 M5 31.6 

 4 TOYOTA RAV4 2WD Medium Utility Front 166 144 L4 30.5 

 5 FORD RANGER PICKUP 2WD Medium Pickup Rear 143 140 M5 30.3 

 6 FORD ESCAPE FWD Medium Utility Front 153 140 M5 30.3 

 7 General Motors VUE FWD Medium Utility Front 145 134 M5 30.3 

 8 TOYOTA TACOMA 2WD Medium Pickup Rear 159 164 M5 30.1 

 9 DC COMPASS 2WD Medium Utility Front 165 144 AV 30.0 

 10 HONDA CR-V 2WD Medium Utility Front 166 144 L5 29.9 

 11 General Motors VUE FWD Medium Utility Front 143 134 L4 29.8 

 12 DC COMPASS 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 165 144 AV 29.1 

4000 1 FORD ESCAPE HYBRID FWD Medium Utility Front 133 140 AV 40.6 

 2 FORD ESCAPE HYBRID 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 133 140 AV 36.5 

 3 TOYOTA RAV4 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 166 144 L4 29.0 

 4 TOYOTA RAV4 2WD Medium Utility Front 269 211 L5 28.9 

 5 TOYOTA SIENNA 2WD Medium Van Front 269 211 L5 28.9 

 6 HONDA CR-V 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 166 144 L5 28.5 

 7 TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 2WD Medium Utility Front 155 144 L4 28.4 

 8 HONDA ELEMENT 2WD Medium Utility Front 166 144 L5 28.3 

 9 TOYOTA RAV4 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 269 211 L5 27.9 

 10 TOYOTA TACOMA 2WD Medium Pickup Rear 159 164 L4 27.6 

 11 HYUNDAI TUCSON 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 140 120 M5 27.5 

 12 KIA SPORTAGE 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 140 120 M5 27.5 

4500 1 TOYOTA HIGHLANDER HYBRID 2WD Medium Utility Front 208 202 AV 35.0 

 2 TOYOTA HIGHLANDER HYBRID 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 208 202 AV 34.3 

 3 TOYOTA SIENNA 2WD Medium Van Front 266 211 L5 26.5 

 4 General Motors GRAND CHEROKEE 2WD Medium Utility Rear 215 183 L5 26.0 

 5 HYUNDAI SANTA FE 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 185 162 M5 25.3 

 6 NISSAN MURANO AWD Large Utility 4wd 245 213 AV 25.1 

 7 HONDA ODYSSEY 2WD Medium Van Front 244 212 L5 25.0 

 8 HYUNDAI SANTA FE 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 185 162 L4 24.8 

 9 General Motors UPLANDER FWD Medium Van Front 240 237 L4 24.6 

 10 TOYOTA RX 350 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 270 211 L5 24.6 

 11 NISSAN QUEST Medium Van Front 240 213 L5 24.4 

 12 DC VOYAGER-TOWN&COUNTRY Medium Van Front 180 201 L4 24.4 

5000 1 MERCEDES ML320 CDI 4MATIC Large Utility 4wd 215 182 L7 27.5 

 2 DC GRAND CHEROKEE 4WD Medium Utility 4wd 215 183 L5 25.1 

 3 General Motors ACADIA FWD Large Utility Front 267 218 L6 24.5 

 4 General Motors ACADIA AWD Large Utility 4wd 267 218 L6 23.2 

 5 BMW X5 3.0SI Large Utility 4wd 260 183 L6 22.8 

 6 VOLVO XC 90 FWD Large Utility Front 208 154 L5 22.5 

 7 General Motors C15 SILVERADO HYBRID Large Pickup Rear 295 325 L4 22.3 

 8 DC RAM 1500 PICKUP 2WD Large Pickup Rear 215 226 M6 22.2 

 9 NISSAN PATHFINDER 2WD Large Utility Rear 266 241 L5 22.1 

 10 VOLVO XC 90 AWD Large Utility 4wd 208 154 L5 22.0 

 11 General Motors C15 SILVERADO 2WD Large Pickup Rear 310 325 L4 22.0 

 12 VOLVO XC 90 FWD Large Utility Front 235 195 L6 21.9 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-9 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-6 (continued) 

Inertia Engine Lab 

Weight Rank Manufacturer Model Name Size Class Drive HP CID Trans. 55/45 

 MPG 

5500 1 General Motors C15 SILVERADO 2WD Large Pickup Rear 310 325 L4 21.7 

 2 PORSCHE CAYENNE Large Utility 4wd 290 195 L6 21.3 

 3 General Motors K15 SILVERADO HYBRID Large Pickup 4wd 295 325 L4 20.9 

 4 General Motors K15 SILVERADO 4WD Large Pickup 4wd 310 325 L4 20.4 

 5 General Motors C1500 TAHOE 2WD Large Utility Rear 310 325 L4 20.4 

 6 General Motors TRAILBLAZER EXT 4WD Large Utility 4wd 310 325 L4 20.4 

 7 TOYOTA TUNDRA 2WD Large Pickup Rear 381 346 L6 20.4 

 8 General Motors C15 SILVERADO 2WD Large Pickup Rear 270 293 L4 20.3 

 9 VW Q7 Large Utility 4wd 276 219 L6 20.2 

 10 VW TOUAREG Large Utility 4wd 276 219 L6 20.2 

 11 BMW X5 4.8I Large Utility 4wd 350 293 L6 20.1 

 12 General Motors K15 SILVERADO 4WD Large Pickup 4wd 270 293 L4 19.7 

6000 1 MERCEDES GL320 CDI 4MATIC Large Utility 4wd 215 182 L7 26.1 

 2 VW TOUAREG Large Utility 4wd 310 300 L6 21.7 

 3 General Motors C1500 TAHOE 2WD Large Utility Rear 310 325 L4 21.3 

 4 General Motors C1500 AVALANCHE 2WD Large Pickup Rear 310 325 L4 21.3 

 5 General Motors K1500 TAHOE 4WD Large Utility 4wd 310 325 L4 20.3 

 6 General Motors K1500 AVALANCHE 4WD Large Pickup 4wd 310 325 L4 20.3 

 7 General Motors C1500 TAHOE 2WD Large Utility Rear 270 293 L4 20.0 

 8 TOYOTA TUNDRA 2WD Large Pickup Rear 381 346 L6 20.0 

 9 General Motors K15 SILVERADO 4WD Large Pickup 4wd 360 364 L4 18.9 

 10 General Motors K1500 SUBURBAN 4WD Large Utility 4wd 360 364 L4 18.9 

 11 General Motors C1500 AVALANCHE 2WD Large Pickup Rear 360 364 L4 18.9 

 12 General Motors C1500 SUBURBAN 2WD Large Utility Rear 360 364 L4 18.9 

6500 1 ROUSH STAGE3 F150 SUPERCREW Large Pickup 4wd 445 330 L4 15.1 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-10 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-7 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Cars 

 Using Each Year's Size Class Mix Using 1981 Size Class Mix 

 0-60 55/45 Ton 0-60 55/45 Ton 

Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab MPG Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab MPG 

 MPG MPG 

1975 14.2 4059 289 136 15.8 27.5 14.1 4012 286 135 15.8 27.3 

1976 14.4 4060 287 134 17.4 30.2 14.3 3926 274 130 17.9 30.0 

1977 13.9 110 3947 280 134 18.3 30.9 14.0 106 3804 263 128 19.0 30.9 

1978 13.7 109 3588 252 125 19.8 30.5 13.8 105 3454 236 119 20.5 30.3 

1979 13.7 109 3476 238 120 20.1 29.9 13.8 106 3387 226 115 20.6 29.7 

1980 14.1 104 3084 186 101 23.2 30.6 14.1 106 3128 191 103 22.9 30.6 

1981 14.1 106 3043 178 99 24.9 32.3 14.1 106 3043 178 99 24.9 32.3 

1982 14.2 106 3027 172 99 25.9 33.6 14.2 106 3043 175 100 25.7 33.6 

1983 13.9 109 3101 181 104 25.8 34.4 13.9 107 3067 179 103 26.0 34.3 

1984 13.7 108 3097 179 106 26.2 34.8 13.6 107 3100 180 108 26.0 34.6 

1985 13.2 108 3091 177 111 26.9 35.7 13.3 107 3065 175 110 27.1 35.6 

1986 13.2 107 3041 167 111 27.9 36.2 13.2 107 3048 170 112 27.7 36.2 

1987 13.0 107 3030 162 112 28.1 36.3 13.0 107 3053 166 115 27.9 36.3 

1988 12.8 107 3047 160 116 28.6 37.0 12.8 107 3057 162 118 28.5 37.0 

1989 12.4 108 3099 163 121 28.1 36.9 12.4 107 3098 164 122 28.1 36.9 

1990 12.1 107 3176 163 129 27.8 37.2 12.1 107 3186 163 129 27.8 37.3 

1991 11.8 107 3153 163 132 28.0 37.1 11.8 108 3182 166 134 27.9 37.3 

1992 11.5 108 3240 170 141 27.6 37.5 11.6 108 3230 167 139 27.8 37.8 

1993 11.6 108 3207 166 138 28.2 37.8 11.6 108 3210 166 139 28.3 38.0 

1994 11.4 108 3250 168 143 28.0 38.0 11.4 108 3263 169 145 28.0 38.1 

1995 10.9 109 3262 167 152 28.3 38.4 10.9 107 3283 170 154 28.2 38.6 

1996 10.8 109 3281 165 154 28.3 38.4 10.8 107 3272 167 154 28.5 38.7 

1997 10.7 109 3274 164 156 28.4 38.5 10.8 108 3270 162 156 28.5 38.7 

1998 10.6 109 3306 164 159 28.5 38.9 10.6 108 3295 165 160 28.5 38.9 

1999 10.5 109 3365 166 164 28.1 38.9 10.5 108 3314 164 163 28.3 38.7 

2000 10.3 110 3371 166 168 28.1 38.8 10.3 108 3332 164 168 28.1 38.5 

2001 10.3 109 3381 165 169 28.4 39.3 10.1 106 3420 174 177 27.6 38.7 

2002 10.1 110 3393 166 174 28.5 39.4 9.8 107 3437 178 185 27.7 38.9 

2003 10.0 109 3424 166 177 28.8 40.1 9.8 106 3495 175 186 27.7 39.6 

2004 9.8 110 3467 169 184 28.7 40.3 9.7 107 3492 173 190 27.9 39.6 

2005 9.8 111 3471 168 185 29.2 40.9 9.6 108 3476 171 190 28.6 40.1 

2006 9.6 112 3534 173 194 28.9 41.4 9.6 108 3463 166 189 29.4 41.2 

2007 9.4 111 3598 178 203 29.0 42.2 9.4 108 3517 171 199 29.4 41.9 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-11 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-8 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Trucks 

 Using Each Year's Size Class Mix Using 1981 Size Class Mix 

 0-60 55/45 Ton 0-60 55/45 Ton 

Year Time Weight CID HP Lab MPG Time Weight CID HP Lab MPG 

 MPG MPG 

1975 13.6 4072 311 142 13.7 24.2 13.8 3879 281 134 14.5 24.6 

1976 13.8 4155 319 141 14.4 26.0 14.1 3919 283 131 15.5 26.4 

1977 13.3 4135 318 147 15.6 28.0 13.6 3931 287 138 16.7 28.8 

1978 13.3 4149 314 146 15.2 27.4 13.7 3939 283 136 16.4 28.3 

1979 14.2 4239 297 138 14.7 27.0 14.3 4073 277 132 15.4 27.4 

1980 14.4 3848 247 121 18.4 30.3 14.4 3939 258 124 18.1 30.6 

1981 14.4 3841 252 121 19.7 32.4 14.4 3841 252 121 19.7 32.4 

1982 14.1 3766 243 122 20.0 32.3 14.1 3872 256 126 19.4 32.2 

1983 14.4 3732 228 118 20.6 33.2 14.2 3925 255 127 19.5 32.9 

1984 14.6 3770 223 118 20.3 33.1 14.3 3934 251 126 19.3 32.8 

1985 14.1 3787 223 124 20.5 33.6 13.7 3941 252 133 19.5 33.1 

1986 13.9 3732 211 123 21.4 34.2 13.7 3951 247 133 20.0 33.8 

1987 13.3 3710 210 131 21.6 34.2 13.1 4009 255 145 19.7 33.6 

1988 12.9 3838 227 141 21.2 34.5 12.7 4071 261 152 19.8 34.2 

1989 12.8 3919 234 146 20.9 34.7 12.6 4110 264 156 19.6 34.2 

1990 12.6 4003 237 151 20.7 35.1 12.4 4147 264 160 19.7 34.5 

1991 12.5 3946 228 150 21.3 35.3 12.4 4143 261 160 19.9 34.7 

1992 12.5 4055 234 155 20.8 35.4 12.6 4209 260 159 19.9 35.1 

1993 12.1 4073 235 162 21.0 35.7 12.2 4187 255 164 20.3 35.5 

1994 12.0 4125 239 166 20.8 35.7 12.0 4255 263 170 20.0 35.4 

1995 12.0 4184 244 168 20.5 35.8 12.0 4290 264 171 19.7 35.2 

1996 11.5 4224 243 179 20.8 36.6 11.4 4315 262 186 20.0 35.8 

1997 11.4 4344 248 187 20.6 36.9 11.2 4372 254 193 20.5 36.8 

1998 11.2 4282 242 187 20.9 36.8 10.9 4382 257 198 20.3 36.5 

1999 11.0 4412 249 197 20.5 37.0 10.8 4505 263 207 20.0 36.8 

2000 11.0 4375 242 197 20.8 37.1 10.7 4295 245 200 20.8 36.5 

2001 10.6 4463 243 209 20.6 37.5 10.7 4401 247 205 20.6 37.0 

2002 10.4 4546 244 219 20.6 38.0 10.5 4558 254 217 20.1 37.2 

2003 10.4 4586 243 221 20.9 38.8 10.5 4560 252 218 20.5 37.7 

2004 10.0 4710 252 236 20.8 39.4 10.3 4721 260 233 20.4 38.7 

2005 10.0 4669 245 237 21.4 40.1 10.1 4679 247 235 21.2 39.9 

2006 10.0 4631 241 235 21.8 40.5 10.1 4660 246 235 21.5 40.3 

2007 9.7 4728 246 248 22.0 41.8 9.8 4442 246 242 22.2 40.6 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-12 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-9 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Cars 

 Using Each Year's Weight Mix Using 1981 Weight Mix 

 0-60 55/45 0-60 55/45 

Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab 

 MPG MPG 

1975 14.2 4059 289 136 15.8 14.8 3043 169 95 20.6 

1976 14.4 4060 287 134 17.4 15.0 3043 168 93 22.5 

1977 13.9 110 3947 280 134 18.3 14.4 94 3043 171 98 23.3 

1978 13.7 109 3588 252 125 19.8 14.1 100 3043 182 102 23.0 

1979 13.7 109 3476 238 120 20.1 14.1 100 3043 182 101 22.7 

1980 14.1 104 3084 186 101 23.2 14.2 103 3043 180 99 23.5 

1981 14.1 106 3043 178 99 24.9 14.1 106 3043 178 99 24.9 

1982 14.2 106 3027 172 99 25.9 14.2 106 3043 175 100 25.7 

1983 13.9 109 3101 181 104 25.8 14.0 107 3043 175 102 26.3 

1984 13.7 108 3097 179 106 26.2 13.7 106 3043 175 104 26.6 

1985 13.2 108 3091 177 111 26.9 13.3 107 3043 173 109 27.4 

1986 13.2 107 3041 167 111 27.9 13.3 107 3043 171 110 28.0 

1987 13.0 107 3030 162 112 28.1 13.2 107 3043 167 112 28.1 

1988 12.8 107 3047 160 116 28.6 12.9 107 3043 164 114 28.8 

1989 12.4 108 3099 163 121 28.1 12.7 107 3043 160 116 28.9 

1990 12.1 107 3176 163 129 27.8 12.4 104 3043 154 120 29.2 

1991 11.8 107 3153 163 132 28.0 12.0 105 3043 155 126 29.2 

1992 11.5 108 3240 170 141 27.6 11.8 105 3043 154 129 29.5 

1993 11.6 108 3207 166 138 28.2 11.8 106 3043 155 128 29.7 

1994 11.4 108 3250 168 143 28.0 11.9 105 3043 152 130 29.9 

1995 10.9 109 3262 167 152 28.3 11.4 105 3043 150 138 30.4 

1996 10.8 109 3281 165 154 28.3 11.3 106 3043 150 138 30.5 

1997 10.7 109 3274 164 156 28.4 11.4 104 3043 146 139 30.5 

1998 10.6 109 3306 164 159 28.5 11.2 104 3043 145 141 30.6 

1999 10.5 109 3365 166 164 28.1 11.1 102 3043 143 141 30.5 

2000 10.3 110 3371 166 168 28.1 10.9 104 3043 142 145 30.8 

2001 10.3 109 3381 165 169 28.4 10.9 104 3043 140 144 31.4 

2002 10.1 110 3393 166 174 28.5 10.5 106 3043 142 149 32.1 

2003 10.0 109 3424 166 177 28.8 10.2 104 3043 138 152 33.2 

2004 9.8 110 3467 169 184 28.7 10.1 104 3043 138 154 33.2 

2005 9.8 111 3471 168 185 29.2 9.8 101 3043 139 162 32.5 

2006 9.6 112 3534 173 194 28.9 9.7 99 3043 138 166 32.4 

2007 9.4 111 3598 178 203 29.0 9.7 99 3043 137 168 32.9 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-13 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-10 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Trucks 

Using Each Year's Weight Mix Using 1981 Weight Mix 

 0-60 55/45 0-60 55/45 

Year Time Weight CID HP Lab Time Weight CID HP Lab 

 MPG MPG 

1975 13.6 4072 311 142 13.7 13.9 3841 282 132 14.6 

1976 13.8 4155 319 141 14.4 14.0 3841 285 130 15.6 

1977 13.3 4135 318 147 15.6 13.5 3841 287 135 17.1 

1978 13.3 4149 314 146 15.2 13.5 3841 282 134 16.6 

1979 14.2 4239 297 138 14.7 14.1 3841 264 127 16.4 

1980 14.4 3848 247 121 18.4 14.5 3841 250 121 18.5 

1981 14.4 3841 252 121 19.7 14.4 3841 252 121 19.7 

1982 14.1 3766 243 122 20.0 14.1 3841 253 124 19.6 

1983 14.4 3732 228 118 20.6 14.5 3841 243 121 20.0 

1984 14.6 3770 223 118 20.3 14.6 3841 239 121 19.8 

1985 14.1 3787 223 124 20.5 13.9 3841 237 128 20.2 

1986 13.9 3732 211 123 21.4 13.9 3841 229 127 20.8 

1987 13.3 3710 210 131 21.6 13.3 3841 226 136 20.9 

1988 12.9 3838 227 141 21.2 12.9 3841 229 141 21.3 

1989 12.8 3919 234 146 20.9 12.8 3841 227 142 21.3 

1990 12.6 4003 237 151 20.7 12.8 3841 221 143 21.5 

1991 12.5 3946 228 150 21.3 12.9 3841 214 142 21.8 

1992 12.5 4055 234 155 20.8 12.6 3841 214 145 21.9 

1993 12.1 4073 235 162 21.0 12.5 3841 212 150 22.1 

1994 12.0 4125 239 166 20.8 12.3 3841 212 152 22.0 

1995 12.0 4184 244 168 20.5 12.1 3841 212 153 21.9 

1996 11.5 4224 243 179 20.8 11.7 3841 208 161 22.5 

1997 11.4 4344 248 187 20.6 11.5 3841 205 163 22.6 

1998 11.2 4282 242 187 20.9 11.4 3841 205 166 22.7 

1999 11.0 4412 249 197 20.5 11.3 3841 202 168 23.1 

2000 11.0 4375 242 197 20.8 11.3 3841 199 168 23.2 

2001 10.6 4463 243 209 20.6 10.9 3841 198 175 23.4 

2002 10.4 4546 244 219 20.6 10.3 3841 191 185 24.0 

2003 10.4 4586 243 221 20.9 10.4 3841 189 185 24.8 

2004 10.0 4710 252 236 20.8 10.0 3841 193 193 24.9 

2005 10.0 4669 245 237 21.4 9.9 3841 187 194 26.0 

2006 10.0 4631 241 235 21.8 10.0 3841 182 193 28.6 

2007 9.7 4728 246 248 22.0 9.9 3841 180 198 29.8 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-14 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-11 

 Average Car and Light Truck Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy 

 For Model Year 1975 to 2007 

 Cars Calculated Using: Trucks Calculated Using: 

Model Each 1981 1981 Each 1981 1981 

Year Year's Weight Size Year's Weight Size 

 Data Mix Mix Data Mix Mix 

1975 15.8 20.6 15.8 13.7 14.6 14.5 

1976 17.4 22.5 17.9 14.4 15.6 15.5 

1977 18.3 23.3 19.0 15.6 17.1 16.7 

1978 19.8 23.0 20.5 15.2 16.6 16.4 

1979 20.1 22.7 20.6 14.7 16.4 15.4 

1980 23.2 23.5 22.9 18.4 18.5 18.1 

1981 24.9 24.9 24.9 19.7 19.7 19.7 

1982 25.9 25.7 25.7 20.0 19.6 19.4 

1983 25.8 26.3 26.0 20.6 20.0 19.5 

1984 26.2 26.6 26.0 20.3 19.8 19.3 

1985 26.9 27.4 27.1 20.5 20.2 19.5 

1986 27.9 28.0 27.7 21.4 20.8 20.0 

1987 28.1 28.1 27.9 21.6 20.9 19.7 

1988 28.6 28.8 28.5 21.2 21.3 19.8 

1989 28.1 28.9 28.1 20.9 21.3 19.6 

1990 27.8 29.2 27.8 20.7 21.5 19.7 

1991 28.0 29.2 27.9 21.3 21.8 19.9 

1992 27.6 29.5 27.8 20.8 21.9 19.9 

1993 28.2 29.7 28.3 21.0 22.1 20.3 

1994 28.0 29.9 28.0 20.8 22.0 20.0 

1995 28.3 30.4 28.2 20.5 21.9 19.7 

1996 28.3 30.5 28.5 20.8 22.5 20.0 

1997 28.4 30.5 28.5 20.6 22.6 20.5 

1998 28.5 30.6 28.5 20.9 22.7 20.3 

1999 28.1 30.5 28.3 20.5 23.1 20.0 

2000 28.1 30.8 28.1 20.8 23.2 20.8 

2001 28.4 31.4 27.6 20.6 23.4 20.6 

2002 28.5 32.1 27.7 20.6 24.0 20.1 

2003 28.8 33.2 27.7 20.9 24.8 20.5 

2004 28.7 33.2 27.9 20.8 24.9 20.4 

2005 29.2 32.5 28.6 21.4 26.0 21.2 

2006 28.9 32.4 29.4 21.8 28.6 21.5 

2007 29.0 32.9 29.4 22.0 29.8 22.2 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-15 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-12 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Cars 

 Using Each Year's Size Class Mix Using 1988 Size Class Mix 

 0-60 55/45 Ton 0-60 55/45 Ton 

Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab MPG Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab MPG 

 MPG MPG 

1975 14.2 4059 289 136 15.8 27.5 14.2 4077 296 137 15.6 27.4 

1976 14.4 4060 287 134 17.4 30.2 14.5 4044 288 132 17.4 30.0 

1977 13.9 110 3947 280 134 18.3 30.9 14.1 108 3965 280 132 18.3 31.0 

1978 13.7 109 3588 252 125 19.8 30.5 13.9 107 3550 245 121 20.0 30.4 

1979 13.7 109 3476 238 120 20.1 29.9 13.8 107 3517 242 120 19.7 29.6 

1980 14.1 104 3084 186 101 23.2 30.6 14.0 108 3205 198 106 22.2 30.4 

1981 14.1 106 3043 178 99 24.9 32.3 14.0 107 3029 174 100 24.9 32.2 

1982 14.2 106 3027 172 99 25.9 33.6 14.2 107 3010 166 98 26.2 33.8 

1983 13.9 109 3101 181 104 25.8 34.4 14.0 107 3046 173 102 26.3 34.4 

1984 13.7 108 3097 179 106 26.2 34.8 13.8 107 3052 173 104 26.6 34.9 

1985 13.2 108 3091 177 111 26.9 35.7 13.2 107 3031 169 109 27.4 35.7 

1986 13.2 107 3041 167 111 27.9 36.2 13.2 107 3022 165 110 28.1 36.2 

1987 13.0 107 3030 162 112 28.1 36.3 13.1 107 3025 161 112 28.1 36.3 

1988 12.8 107 3047 160 116 28.6 37.0 12.8 107 3047 160 116 28.6 37.0 

1989 12.4 108 3099 163 121 28.1 36.9 12.5 107 3069 159 120 28.4 36.8 

1990 12.1 107 3176 163 129 27.8 37.2 12.1 107 3155 161 127 27.9 37.1 

1991 11.8 107 3153 163 132 28.0 37.1 11.9 108 3160 162 132 27.9 37.1 

1992 11.5 108 3240 170 141 27.6 37.5 11.6 108 3207 166 139 27.7 37.3 

1993 11.6 108 3207 166 138 28.2 37.8 11.6 108 3174 163 136 28.4 37.7 

1994 11.4 108 3250 168 143 28.0 38.0 11.5 108 3219 164 141 28.3 38.0 

1995 10.9 109 3262 167 152 28.3 38.4 10.9 107 3221 163 150 28.7 38.4 

1996 10.8 109 3281 165 154 28.3 38.4 10.8 107 3221 161 151 28.8 38.5 

1997 10.7 109 3274 164 156 28.4 38.5 10.8 107 3214 158 152 28.8 38.4 

1998 10.6 109 3306 164 159 28.5 38.9 10.6 107 3231 159 155 28.9 38.7 

1999 10.5 109 3365 166 164 28.1 38.9 10.6 107 3285 160 159 28.7 38.8 

2000 10.3 110 3371 166 168 28.1 38.8 10.5 107 3276 157 160 28.7 38.6 

2001 10.3 109 3381 165 169 28.4 39.3 10.3 106 3316 162 166 28.7 39.1 

2002 10.1 110 3393 166 174 28.5 39.4 10.1 106 3331 164 171 28.8 39.2 

2003 10.0 109 3424 166 177 28.8 40.1 10.0 106 3386 165 175 28.8 39.8 

2004 9.8 110 3467 169 184 28.7 40.3 9.8 107 3395 165 180 28.9 39.8 

2005 9.8 111 3471 168 185 29.2 40.9 9.9 108 3379 162 179 29.5 40.3 

2006 9.6 112 3534 173 194 28.9 41.4 9.7 108 3426 164 186 29.7 41.2 

2007 9.4 111 3598 178 203 29.0 42.2 9.5 108 3516 169 196 29.3 41.7 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-16 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-13 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Trucks 

 Using Each Year's Size Class Mix Using 1988 Size Class Mix 

 0-60 55/45 Ton 0-60 55/45 Ton 

Year Time Weight CID HP Lab MPG Time Weight CID HP Lab MPG 

 MPG MPG 

1975 13.6 4072 311 142 13.7 24.2 14.7 3815 259 123 15.0 24.8 

1976 13.8 4155 319 141 14.4 26.0 15.1 3847 261 121 15.9 26.8 

1977 13.3 4135 318 147 15.6 28.0 14.4 3854 267 127 17.4 29.9 

1978 13.3 4149 314 146 15.2 27.4 14.4 3859 267 127 17.0 29.3 

1979 14.2 4239 297 138 14.7 27.0 14.8 3975 262 124 15.9 28.0 

1980 14.4 3848 247 121 18.4 30.3 14.8 3848 244 119 18.4 30.5 

1981 14.4 3841 252 121 19.7 32.4 14.7 3793 238 117 19.7 32.1 

1982 14.1 3766 243 122 20.0 32.3 14.2 3802 244 123 19.6 32.1 

1983 14.4 3732 228 118 20.6 33.2 14.4 3808 235 121 20.2 33.1 

1984 14.6 3770 223 118 20.3 33.1 14.6 3781 223 118 20.3 33.1 

1985 14.1 3787 223 124 20.5 33.6 14.1 3756 220 123 20.7 33.5 

1986 13.9 3732 211 123 21.4 34.2 13.9 3757 214 124 21.2 34.1 

1987 13.3 3710 210 131 21.6 34.2 13.2 3796 221 135 21.1 34.1 

1988 12.9 3838 227 141 21.2 34.5 12.9 3838 227 141 21.2 34.5 

1989 12.8 3919 234 146 20.9 34.7 12.8 3892 232 145 21.0 34.6 

1990 12.6 4003 237 151 20.7 35.1 12.6 3930 231 148 21.0 34.8 

1991 12.5 3946 228 150 21.3 35.3 12.6 3933 229 148 21.2 35.1 

1992 12.5 4055 234 155 20.8 35.4 12.6 3987 230 151 21.0 35.2 

1993 12.1 4073 235 162 21.0 35.7 12.2 3973 229 156 21.3 35.4 

1994 12.0 4125 239 166 20.8 35.7 12.1 4037 233 161 21.2 35.6 

1995 12.0 4184 244 168 20.5 35.8 12.1 4045 233 161 21.2 35.7 

1996 11.5 4224 243 179 20.8 36.6 11.7 4072 229 170 21.6 36.6 

1997 11.4 4344 248 187 20.6 36.9 11.6 4140 229 175 21.6 37.0 

1998 11.2 4282 242 187 20.9 36.8 11.3 4125 228 179 21.6 36.9 

1999 11.0 4412 249 197 20.5 37.0 11.2 4212 232 185 21.2 36.8 

2000 11.0 4375 242 197 20.8 37.1 11.2 4127 222 182 21.7 36.8 

2001 10.6 4463 243 209 20.6 37.5 10.9 4182 223 190 21.7 37.2 

2002 10.4 4546 244 219 20.6 38.0 10.7 4295 229 201 21.3 37.4 

2003 10.4 4586 243 221 20.9 38.8 10.8 4267 223 197 21.9 38.1 

2004 10.0 4710 252 236 20.8 39.4 10.3 4411 234 215 21.7 38.8 

2005 10.0 4669 245 237 21.4 40.1 10.3 4326 221 212 22.5 39.4 

2006 10.0 4631 241 235 21.8 40.5 10.2 4335 223 215 22.7 39.8 

2007 9.7 4728 246 248 22.0 41.8 10.0 4301 226 223 23.0 40.5 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-17 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-14 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Cars 

 Using Each Year's Weight Mix Using 1988 Weight Mix 

 0-60 55/45 0-60 55/45 

Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab 

 MPG MPG 

1975 14.2 4059 289 136 15.8 14.7 3047 165 96 20.6 

1976 14.4 4060 287 134 17.4 14.9 3047 165 94 22.5 

1977 13.9 110 3947 280 134 18.3 14.3 93 3047 167 99 23.2 

1978 13.7 109 3588 252 125 19.8 14.0 99 3047 180 102 22.8 

1979 13.7 109 3476 238 120 20.1 14.0 99 3047 180 102 22.5 

1980 14.1 104 3084 186 101 23.2 14.1 103 3047 179 100 23.6 

1981 14.1 106 3043 178 99 24.9 14.1 106 3047 176 100 24.9 

1982 14.2 106 3027 172 99 25.9 14.1 106 3047 174 101 25.9 

1983 13.9 109 3101 181 104 25.8 13.9 107 3047 173 103 26.4 

1984 13.7 108 3097 179 106 26.2 13.6 106 3047 172 105 26.8 

1985 13.2 108 3091 177 111 26.9 13.2 107 3047 170 110 27.1 

1986 13.2 107 3041 167 111 27.9 13.2 107 3047 168 111 27.7 

1987 13.0 107 3030 162 112 28.1 13.0 107 3047 163 114 27.9 

1988 12.8 107 3047 160 116 28.6 12.8 107 3047 160 116 28.6 

1989 12.4 108 3099 163 121 28.1 12.6 107 3047 157 118 28.6 

1990 12.1 107 3176 163 129 27.8 12.3 105 3047 151 121 28.9 

1991 11.8 107 3153 163 132 28.0 12.0 105 3047 152 126 28.9 

1992 11.5 108 3240 170 141 27.6 11.8 105 3047 151 128 29.2 

1993 11.6 108 3207 166 138 28.2 11.8 105 3047 152 128 29.5 

1994 11.4 108 3250 168 143 28.0 11.8 105 3047 149 128 29.7 

1995 10.9 109 3262 167 152 28.3 11.2 105 3047 147 137 30.3 

1996 10.8 109 3281 165 154 28.3 11.1 105 3047 145 138 30.4 

1997 10.7 109 3274 164 156 28.4 11.2 104 3047 144 138 30.5 

1998 10.6 109 3306 164 159 28.5 11.1 104 3047 143 139 30.7 

1999 10.5 109 3365 166 164 28.1 11.1 103 3047 140 139 30.5 

2000 10.3 110 3371 166 168 28.1 11.0 104 3047 139 142 30.8 

2001 10.3 109 3381 165 169 28.4 11.0 104 3047 137 141 31.4 

2002 10.1 110 3393 166 174 28.5 10.7 105 3047 138 145 31.9 

2003 10.0 109 3424 166 177 28.8 10.5 104 3047 135 148 33.0 

2004 9.8 110 3467 169 184 28.7 10.4 104 3047 135 150 32.9 

2005 9.8 111 3471 168 185 29.2 10.3 104 3047 134 152 33.1 

2006 9.6 112 3534 173 194 28.9 10.2 103 3047 133 154 33.3 

2007 9.4 111 3598 178 203 29.0 10.3 103 3047 131 154 33.9 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-18 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-15 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Trucks 

 Using Each Year's Weight Mix Using 1988 Weight Mix 

 0-60 55/45 0-60 55/45 

Year Time Weight CID HP Lab Time Weight CID HP Lab 

 MPG MPG 

1975 13.6 4072 311 142 13.7 14.1 3838 285 132 14.7 

1976 13.8 4155 319 141 14.4 14.2 3838 289 129 15.6 

1977 13.3 4135 318 147 15.6 13.7 3838 294 135 17.0 

1978 13.3 4149 314 146 15.2 13.7 3838 281 133 16.9 

1979 14.2 4239 297 138 14.7 14.5 3838 266 124 16.2 

1980 14.4 3848 247 121 18.4 14.7 3838 247 119 18.1 

1981 14.4 3841 252 121 19.7 14.6 3838 252 120 19.5 

1982 14.1 3766 243 122 20.0 14.4 3838 247 122 19.6 

1983 14.4 3732 228 118 20.6 14.6 3838 233 120 20.1 

1984 14.6 3770 223 118 20.3 14.8 3838 228 119 20.0 

1985 14.1 3787 223 124 20.5 14.2 3838 227 125 20.2 

1986 13.9 3732 211 123 21.4 14.0 3838 221 127 20.8 

1987 13.3 3710 210 131 21.6 13.3 3838 222 136 20.9 

1988 12.9 3838 227 141 21.2 12.9 3838 227 141 21.2 

1989 12.8 3919 234 146 20.9 12.8 3838 227 143 21.3 

1990 12.6 4003 237 151 20.7 12.6 3838 222 145 21.6 

1991 12.5 3946 228 150 21.3 12.6 3838 220 146 21.7 

1992 12.5 4055 234 155 20.8 12.5 3838 217 147 21.9 

1993 12.1 4073 235 162 21.0 12.2 3838 216 152 22.1 

1994 12.0 4125 239 166 20.8 12.1 3838 214 153 22.1 

1995 12.0 4184 244 168 20.5 12.0 3838 213 154 22.1 

1996 11.5 4224 243 179 20.8 11.6 3838 209 161 22.6 

1997 11.4 4344 248 187 20.6 11.6 3838 203 162 22.8 

1998 11.2 4282 242 187 20.9 11.4 3838 202 165 23.0 

1999 11.0 4412 249 197 20.5 11.3 3838 199 167 23.1 

2000 11.0 4375 242 197 20.8 11.2 3838 198 169 23.1 

2001 10.6 4463 243 209 20.6 10.8 3838 194 177 23.3 

2002 10.4 4546 244 219 20.6 10.5 3838 190 183 23.8 

2003 10.4 4586 243 221 20.9 10.6 3838 188 182 24.3 

2004 10.0 4710 252 236 20.8 10.1 3838 192 190 24.5 

2005 10.0 4669 245 237 21.4 10.1 3838 188 192 25.3 

2006 10.0 4631 241 235 21.8 10.4 3838 182 187 27.9 

2007 9.7 4728 246 248 22.0 10.3 3838 180 190 29.1 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-19 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-16 

 Characteristics of MY1975 to MY2007 Cars 

 From Using Each Year's 0 to 60 Time Mix From 1988's 0 to 60 Time Mix 

 0-60 55/45 Ton 0-60 55/45 Ton 

Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab MPG Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab MPG 

 MPG MPG 

1975 14.2 4059 289 136 15.8 27.5 12.8 4217 322 159 14.9 26.9 

1976 14.4 4060 287 134 17.4 30.2 12.8 4201 322 158 16.4 29.5 

1977 13.9 110 3947 280 134 18.3 30.9 12.8 109 4003 302 150 17.5 30.1 

1978 13.7 109 3588 252 125 19.8 30.5 12.8 109 3687 277 139 19.0 30.0 

1979 13.7 109 3476 238 120 20.1 29.9 12.9 108 3599 266 136 19.1 29.4 

1980 14.1 104 3084 186 101 23.2 30.6 12.8 103 3224 217 121 21.6 30.0 

1981 14.1 106 3043 178 99 24.9 32.3 12.8 96 3052 185 114 23.7 31.0 

1982 14.2 106 3027 172 99 25.9 33.6 12.8 100 3129 192 117 23.9 32.2 

1983 13.9 109 3101 181 104 25.8 34.4 12.9 104 3183 199 119 24.2 33.2 

1984 13.7 108 3097 179 106 26.2 34.8 12.8 104 3112 186 117 25.3 33.9 

1985 13.2 108 3091 177 111 26.9 35.7 12.8 107 3101 180 117 26.4 35.2 

1986 13.2 107 3041 167 111 27.9 36.2 12.8 106 3072 173 116 27.3 35.9 

1987 13.0 107 3030 162 112 28.1 36.3 12.8 107 3067 166 117 27.6 36.1 

1988 12.8 107 3047 160 116 28.6 37.0 12.8 107 3047 160 116 28.6 37.0 

1989 12.4 108 3099 163 121 28.1 36.9 12.8 107 3078 158 116 28.5 37.1 

1990 12.1 107 3176 163 129 27.8 37.2 12.7 106 3129 156 119 28.5 37.5 

1991 11.8 107 3153 163 132 28.0 37.1 12.8 104 2998 143 114 29.9 38.0 

1992 11.5 108 3240 170 141 27.6 37.5 12.8 105 3009 140 114 30.1 38.1 

1993 11.6 108 3207 166 138 28.2 37.8 12.8 106 3024 142 115 30.5 38.7 

1994 11.4 108 3250 168 143 28.0 38.0 12.8 105 2996 137 115 30.9 38.8 

1995 10.9 109 3262 167 152 28.3 38.4 12.8 106 2935 128 112 32.4 39.9 

1996 10.8 109 3281 165 154 28.3 38.4 12.8 106 2976 127 114 31.5 39.1 

1997 10.7 109 3274 164 156 28.4 38.5 12.8 104 2939 127 112 32.1 39.1 

1998 10.6 109 3306 164 159 28.5 38.9 12.8 103 2873 115 110 33.2 39.6 

1999 10.5 109 3365 166 164 28.1 38.9 12.7 102 2917 119 113 32.3 38.9 

2000 10.3 110 3371 166 168 28.1 38.8 12.7 105 3012 122 116 32.0 39.6 

2001 10.3 109 3381 165 169 28.4 39.3 12.7 106 3021 119 116 32.1 40.6 

2002 10.1 110 3393 166 174 28.5 39.4 12.7 108 3012 116 116 32.0 41.3 

2003 10.0 109 3424 166 177 28.8 40.1 12.8 105 3111 117 118 32.0 42.6 

2004 9.8 110 3467 169 184 28.7 40.3 12.7 105 3176 121 121 31.3 41.4 

2005 9.8 111 3471 168 185 29.2 40.9 12.7 104 3185 122 121 31.4 41.5 

2006 9.6 112 3534 173 194 28.9 41.4 12.7 110 2995 109 115 33.1 44.0 

2007 9.4 111 3598 178 203 29.0 42.2 12.7 109 2967 108 114 33.7 44.3 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-20 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-17 

 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Trucks 

 Using Each Year's 0-60 Time Mix Using 1988 0-60 Time Mix 

 0-60 55/45 Ton 0-60 55/45 Ton 

Year Time Weight CID HP Lab MPG Time Weight CID HP Lab MPG 

 MPG MPG 

1975 13.6 4072 311 142 13.7 24.2 12.9 4114 325 150 13.1 23.3 

1976 13.8 4155 319 141 14.4 26.0 12.9 4097 326 149 14.0 24.9 

1977 13.3 4135 318 147 15.6 28.0 12.9 4145 327 152 15.3 27.4 

1978 13.3 4149 314 146 15.2 27.4 13.0 4124 321 150 15.0 26.8 

1979 14.2 4239 297 138 14.7 27.0 13.0 4171 314 151 14.3 26.0 

1980 14.4 3848 247 121 18.4 30.3 13.0 4012 292 145 16.5 28.6 

1981 14.4 3841 252 121 19.7 32.4 13.0 3746 270 135 18.5 30.1 

1982 14.1 3766 243 122 20.0 32.3 13.0 3794 266 138 19.6 32.0 

1983 14.4 3732 228 118 20.6 33.2 12.9 3797 261 139 19.9 33.0 

1984 14.6 3770 223 118 20.3 33.1 13.0 4031 268 148 17.5 30.7 

1985 14.1 3787 223 124 20.5 33.6 13.0 3925 257 144 18.9 32.4 

1986 13.9 3732 211 123 21.4 34.2 13.0 3674 214 132 21.2 33.4 

1987 13.3 3710 210 131 21.6 34.2 12.9 3744 217 137 21.4 34.2 

1988 12.9 3838 227 141 21.2 34.5 12.9 3838 227 141 21.2 34.5 

1989 12.8 3919 234 146 20.9 34.7 12.9 3962 235 145 20.7 34.7 

1990 12.6 4003 237 151 20.7 35.1 12.9 4004 234 148 20.8 35.2 

1991 12.5 3946 228 150 21.3 35.3 12.9 3899 222 144 21.6 35.5 

1992 12.5 4055 234 155 20.8 35.4 12.9 4071 231 150 20.8 35.6 

1993 12.1 4073 235 162 21.0 35.7 12.9 4067 224 150 21.3 36.2 

1994 12.0 4125 239 166 20.8 35.7 12.9 4077 218 151 21.5 36.6 

1995 12.0 4184 244 168 20.5 35.8 12.8 4209 233 156 20.8 36.3 

1996 11.5 4224 243 179 20.8 36.6 12.8 4207 221 156 21.3 37.3 

1997 11.4 4344 248 187 20.6 36.9 12.9 4176 203 156 21.8 38.4 

1998 11.2 4282 242 187 20.9 36.8 12.9 4107 197 154 22.3 38.4 

1999 11.0 4412 249 197 20.5 37.0 12.8 4287 204 160 21.6 38.7 

2000 11.0 4375 242 197 20.8 37.1 12.9 4435 208 163 21.1 38.4 

2001 10.6 4463 243 209 20.6 37.5 12.8 4174 182 157 22.0 38.5 

2002 10.4 4546 244 219 20.6 38.0 12.7 4270 186 161 21.6 38.5 

2003 10.4 4586 243 221 20.9 38.8 12.8 4347 190 164 22.0 39.7 

2004 10.0 4710 252 236 20.8 39.4 12.8 4617 206 175 21.4 42.4 

2005 10.0 4669 245 237 21.4 40.1 12.7 4517 199 171 22.0 42.6 

2006 10.0 4631 241 235 21.8 40.5 12.8 4430 190 168 22.8 41.6 

2007 9.7 4728 246 248 22.0 41.8 12.8 4267 183 161 23.9 43.5 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-21 Appendix Q 

 
Table Q-18 

 Average Car and Light Truck Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy 

 For Model Year 1975 to 2007 

 Cars Calculated Using: Trucks Calculated Using: 

Model Each 1988 1988 Each 1988 1988 

Year Year's Weight Size Year's Weight Size 

 Data Mix Mix Data Mix Mix 

1975 15.8 20.6 15.6 13.7 14.7 15.0 

1976 17.4 22.5 17.4 14.4 15.6 15.9 

1977 18.3 23.2 18.3 15.6 17.0 17.4 

1978 19.8 22.8 20.0 15.2 16.9 17.0 

1979 20.1 22.5 19.7 14.7 16.2 15.9 

1980 23.2 23.6 22.2 18.4 18.1 18.4 

1981 24.9 24.9 24.9 19.7 19.5 19.7 

1982 25.9 25.9 26.2 20.0 19.6 19.6 

1983 25.8 26.4 26.3 20.6 20.1 20.2 

1984 26.2 26.8 26.6 20.3 20.0 20.3 

1985 26.9 27.1 27.4 20.5 20.2 20.7 

1986 27.9 27.7 28.1 21.4 20.8 21.2 

1987 28.1 27.9 28.1 21.6 20.9 21.1 

1988 28.6 28.6 28.6 21.2 21.2 21.2 

1989 28.1 28.6 28.4 20.9 21.3 21.0 

1990 27.8 28.9 27.9 20.7 21.6 21.0 

1991 28.0 28.9 27.9 21.3 21.7 21.2 

1992 27.6 29.2 27.7 20.8 21.9 21.0 

1993 28.2 29.5 28.4 21.0 22.1 21.3 

1994 28.0 29.7 28.3 20.8 22.1 21.2 

1995 28.3 30.3 28.7 20.5 22.1 21.2 

1996 28.3 30.4 28.8 20.8 22.6 21.6 

1997 28.4 30.5 28.8 20.6 22.8 21.6 

1998 28.5 30.7 28.9 20.9 23.0 21.6 

1999 28.1 30.5 28.7 20.5 23.1 21.2 

2000 28.1 30.8 28.7 20.8 23.1 21.7 

2001 28.4 31.4 28.7 20.6 23.3 21.7 

2002 28.5 31.9 28.8 20.6 23.8 21.3 

2003 28.8 33.0 28.8 20.9 24.3 21.9 

2004 28.7 32.9 28.9 20.8 24.5 21.7 

2005 29.2 33.1 29.5 21.4 25.3 22.5 

2006 28.9 33.3 29.7 21.8 27.9 22.7 

2007 29.0 33.9 29.3 22.0 29.1 23.0 

EPA420-R-07-008 Q-22 Appendix Q