# /4-S 9 P. 4

1522 ® e r / Vol

. 54 , No

. 7 2 /

Monday , Apri l 17 , 198 9 / Propose dRule s
constructio n moratorium , fo r Lake an d Porte r Counties , Indiana , becaus e th e Stat e di dno t

hav e a n adequat e program t o enforc e di e requirement s o f it s vehicl e inspectio n an dmaintenanc e (I/M ) program
. Th e Stat e Legislature ha s subsequentl y passe dauthorizatio n fo r a registratio n denial enforcemen t mechanism ; however , adequat e funding t o operat e th e programmus t stil l b e provided

. Th e Legislature i s expecte dt o addres s programfunding b y di e en do f Ui e curren t legislativ e session

. I

f adequat e funding t o operat e th e I/M programi s provided , USEP A wil l cance l th e Ma y 25,1989 , publi c hearin g an dwil l no t procee dwid i th e sanctio n process
. Th e time an dplac e o

f th e Ma y 25,1989 , publi c hearin g wil l b e announce da t a late r date

.

_ . A T IS : Th e publi c hearin g ha s bee n change dfro

mApri l 13,1989 , t o Ma

y 25 , 1989

. FO RFUP3TOE H INFORMATIO

N eONTAST: Chery l Newton , Air

an dRadiatio n Branc h (5AR-26) , U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Regio n V , 23 0 Sout h Dearborn Street , Chicago , Illinoi s 60504 , (312 ) 886-6081

. Date : Apri l 6,1989

. Fran k M

. Covington, Acting Regional

Administrator. [F RDoc

. 89-912

4 File d4-14-89 ; 8:4

5 am ]
BILLIN G COD E 6560-50- M

4 0 CF H Part s 1. 1 an d 1. 2 [FFSL-3558-3 ]



## m

AGENCY : Environmenta l Protectio n Agency

. ACTION : Notic e o

f availabilit y o

f draf t Guidanc e Manua l fo

r comment

. - SUMMARY

: O n November

3,1987 , EP

A propose dfo

r comment surfac e wate r treatmen t requirement s an danationa l primary drinkin g wate r

regulatio n fo

r tota l coliforms , plu s maximu m contaminan t

leve l goal s fo

r certai n microbiological contaminants , unde r th e Saf e Drinkin g Wate r

Ac t (5 2 F R4217 8 an d5 2 F R42224)

. O n Ma

y 6,1988 , EP

A publishe danotic e o

f availabilit y (5 2 F

R 16348) , whic h solicite dspecifi c data , offere dadditiona l regulatory option s fo r comment , an dclarifie dan dcorrecte d statement s mad e i n th e November 3 , 1987 , proposal

. EP A als o prepare dadraf

t "Guidanc e Manua l fo

r Complianc e with th e Surfac e Wate r Treatmen t

Requirement s (SWTR

) fo r Publi c Wate r

Supplies " ("Guidanc e Manual" ) date dOctobe r

8,1987

. Th e manua l wa s intende dt o provid e guidanc e fo

r implementin g th e propose d surfac e wate r

treatmen t

requirements

. A s par t o f th e November

1987 , notic e o

f propose drulemaking , EP

A solicite d comment o n th e Guidanc e Manual

. A s a resul t o f thos e comment s an dplanne d revisions t o th e SWTR , EP A ha s prepare darevise ddraf

t Guidanc e Manua l date dMarc h 31,1989

. T o receiv e acop y o

f th e Marc h 31,1989 , draf t Guidanc e Manual , contac t th e Saf e Drinkin g Wate r

Hotline , telephon e (800

) 426-479 1 o r

(202 ) 382-5533 , i n Washington , DC

. EP A solicit s writte n comment s o n th e guideline s an drecommendation s i n th e Marc h 31,1989 , draf

t Guidanc e Manual

. DATES : T o b e considere di n th e developmen t

o f th e final Guidanc e Manual , writte n comment s mus t b e submitte do n or

before Jun e 15,1989

. EP A wil l hav e afina

l Guidanc e Manua l availabl e thi s summer
. AOBRESSES : Sen dwritte n comment s o n di e Marc h 31,1989 , Draf

t Guidanc e Manua l t o Surfac e Wate r Treatmen t Rule—Guidanc e Manual ; Comment Clerk ; Criteri aan dStandard s Division ; Office o f Drinkin g wate r

(WH-550D) ; Environmenta l Protectio n Agency ; 401 M Street , SW. , Washington , D C 20460

. FO R FURTHE R IWFORRflATOO N CONTACT : Th e Saf e Drinkin g Wate r

Hotline , telephon e (800

) 426-479 1 or

(202 ) 382

- 553 3 i n th e Washington , DC metropolita n area ; or

Sti g Regli , Environmental Engineer , Scienc e an d Technolog y Branch , Criteri aan d Standard s Division , Office o f Drinkin g Wate r (WH-550D) , Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 401 M Stree t SW. , Washington , DC 20460 ; telephon e (202 ) 382-7379

. Date : Apri l 11,1989

. WUIia mA

. Whittington , Acting Assistant

Administrator

for Water. [F RDoc

. 89-912

0 File d4-14-89 ; 8:4

5 am ] BILLIN G COD E 6560-50- M

. 0 CPE

. Par t 8 2 UFRI-355.-3 ] P.otteC-iom ] o

. Stratospheri c Ozon e AGENCY : Environmenta l Protectio n Agency

. ACTION : Advanc e Notic e o

f Propose d Rulemaking

. SUMMARY

: EP A i s issuin g dii s advanc e notic e o f propose drulemakin g (ANPRM ) t o support it s effort s t o protec t stratospheri c ozone
. Specifically , th e Agenc y i s considerin g th e possibility o f addin g methy l chlorofor

man dcarbo n tetrachlorid e t o th e lis t

o f ozone
depletin g chemical s alread y regulate d b y di e Montrea l Protoco l o n Substance s Tha t Deplete th e Ozon e Laye r an dth e EP A rul e implementin g th e Protoco l (5 3 F R30566 , Augus t

12,1988)

. Today' s notic e explain s wh y regulatio n o f methy l chlorofor man dcarbo n tetrachlorid e may b e necessar y an drequest s publi c comment s o n EPA' s analysi s an dth e possibl e impac t

o f regulatin g thes e chemical substances

. DATE : Writte n comment s o n th e ANPR M Rul e mus t b e submitte db y Ma

y 15,1989 , t o di e locatio n liste dbelow

. ADDRESSES : Writte n comment s shoul d b e sen t t o Docke t

(A-89-09 ) Ai r

Docket , Firs t Floor-Watersid e Mall , Room1500 , LE131 , U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 40 1 M Stree t

SW. , Washington , DC 20460

. Th e docke t

may b e inspecte d betwee n 8 a.m
. an d3:3 0 p.m
. o n weekdays

. A s provide di n 40 CF RPar t 2 , areasonabl e fee may b e charge dfo r photocopying

. T o expedit e review , i t i s als o requeste dtha t

aduplicat e cop y o

f writte n comment s b e sen t t o Karl aPerri a t th e addres s liste dbelow

. FO RFURTHE RINFORMATIO

N CONTACT

: Karl aPerri , Divisio n o

f Global Change , OIAIP , Offic e o

f Ai r an dRadiation , (ANR-445) , U.S

. EPA , 40 1 M Stree t SW. , Washington , D

C 20460

. Telephon e (202

) 475-7496

. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : I

. Backgroun d Th e threa t

o f depletio n of

th e ozon e laye r fro mchlorin e release dfro

m chlorofluorocarbon s (CFCs ) wa s first raise dwel l ove r

adecad e ag o b y th e scientifi c community

. (Molin aan d Rowlan d1974)

. Th e initia l theory suggeste dtha t

becaus e CFC s ar e relativel y inert , emission s o f thes e chemical s woul dno t

brea k dow n i n th e lowe r atmosphere , bu t

woul dinstea d slowl y migrat e t o th e stratospher e wher e the y woul dthe n brea k apar t releasin g chlorine

. Onc e free di n th e stratosphere , th e chlorin e woul d catalyticall y destro y ozone
. Fro ma healt h an denvironmenta l perspective , depletio n o

f th e ozon e laye r

woul d allo w more harmfu l ultraviole t radiatio n t o penetrat e th e atmospher e an dstrik e th e earth' s surface

. Thi s woul dincreas e th e incidenc e o

f ski n cancer s an d cataracts , suppres s th e human immun e system , damag e crops, forests , an d aquati c systems , accelerat e weatherin g o f certai n plastics , an dincreas e th e formatio n o

f groun dleve l (tropospheric ) ozon e or smog
.P. 6

/ Vol

. 54 , No

. 7 2 /

Monday , Apri l 17 , 198 9 / Propose dRule s
I n th e fourtee n year s o

f researc h sinc e th e original theory wa s propose d considerabl e scientifi c evidenc e ha s supporte ddi e genera l concern tha t increase demission s of

CFC s (an d halons ) woul dlea dt o ozon e depletion

. (See , fo r example , "Presen t

Stat e o f Knowledg e o

f di e Upper

Atmospher e 1988 : An Assessmen t

Report, " Nationa l Aeronautic s an dSpac e Administratio n (NASA) , #1208 , Augus t

1988)

. In 1981 , i n respons e t o th e growin g scientifi c consensus , th e Unite dNation s Environmen t

Progra m(UNEP ) bega n negotiation s t o develo p amultilatera l respons e t o reducin g th e threa t o f ozon e depletion

. Thes e negotiation s resulte di n th e Vienn aConventio n fo r th e Protectio n o

f th e Ozon e Layer

i n Marc h 1985

. Th e conventio n provide da framewor k fo r internationa l cooperatio n i n research , monitoring , an dinformatio n exchange

. Furthe r

negotiation s resulte d i n di e Montrea l Protoco l o n Substance s tha t Deplet e th e Ozon e Layer

. Th e Montreal Protoco l wa s signe di n Septembe r

1987 an drequire s di e Partie s t o contro l or

reduc e thei r

us e o f specifie dozone-depletin g chemicals

. EP A promulgate dregulation s implementin g th e Protoco l o n Augus t 12 , 1988

. (Se e 5 2 F

R47486 , December

14 , 1987 , an d5 3 F

R30566 , Augus t

12,1988)

. Th e condition s fo

r th e Protocol' s entry

into-forc e wer e statisfie di n December 1988 , an dth e Protoco l an dth e EPA' s rul e wen t int o effect

January 1,1989

. O n th e sam e day tha t

th e Agenc y issue dit s fina

l rul e implementin g th e Montrea l Protocol , i t

als o publishe da n Advanc e Notic e o

f Propose d Rulemakin g (ANPRM

) on possibl e further effort s t o protec t

stratospheri c ozon e (5 3 F

R30804 , Augus t

12,1988)

. Currently , th e Montrea l Protoco l an dth e E P regulatio n requir e a5 0 percen t phase-i n reductio n i n th e productio n an d consumptio n o

f specifie dfully

halogenate dCFC s b y 1998 , an dafreez e a t 198 6 level s o

f specifie dhalon s beginnin g i n 1992

. In th e Augus t ANPR M however , EP

A describe dne w scientifi c informatio n whic h suggest s dia t additiona l reduction s i n CFCs , halon s an dpossibl y othe r

ozon e depletin g chemical s may b e necessary
. Thi s ne w scientifi c informatio n alon g with othe r

informatio n i s currentl y bein g reviewe dunde r

Articl e 6 o

f th e Protocol

. Articl e 6 state s tha t

th e Partie s (nation s tha t hav e ratifie dth e Protocol ) wil l asses s whethe r

th e contro l measures , a s provide dfo

r i n Articl e 2 o

f th e Protocol , ar e sufficient

t o mee t th e goal s fo

r reducin g ozon e depletion

. Accordin g t o Articl e 6 , thi s assessmen t wil l includ e a revie w o f th e curren t

stat e o f knowledg e o n technical , scientific , environmenta l an deconomi c issue s relate dt o stratospheri c ozon e protection

. II

. Today' s Notic e Th e Agenc y i s beginnin g t o prepar e fo r ameetin g o

f th e Parties , schedule dt o tak e plac e i n Apri l o

f 1990 , a t whic h th e Partie s wil l decid e o n change s t o th e protocol' s contro l measures
. Becaus e o f th e ne w scientifi c informatio n suggestin g tha t

ozon e ha s bee n deplete d more tha n ha dpreviousl y bee n thought t o hav e occurred , some nation s ar e likel y t o cal l fo

r aphase-ou t

o f th e chemical s alread y include di n th e Protoco l alon g with afreez e o r reductio n i n th e productio n an dconsumptio n o f othe r chlorinate dcompound s tha t wer e no t include di n th e original agreement

. Th e Agenc y expect s tha t

methy l chlorofor m(1,1,1-trichloroethane , TCA ) an dcarbo n tetrachlorid e (CC14 ) wil l b e amon g th e ne w chemical s suggeste dfo r inclusio n i n th e Protocol

. Therefore , th e EP A i s puttin g curren t

user s o f thes e chemical substance s o n notic e tha t a freez e and/o r

reductio n i n th e productio n an dconsumptio n o f amethy l chlorofor man dcarbo n tetrachlorid e may b e forthcoming

. Th e presen t

worldwide concern s abou t TCA focu s primaril y o n th e chlorin e emission s tha t

occur becaus e o

f curren t uses
. EP A i s particularl y concerne dhowever , abou t future increase s i n th e us e o

f TC A becaus e o

f regulatory action s recentl y take n o r whic h ar e bein g prepare db y EP A an d th e Occupationa l Health an dSafet y Administratio n (OSHA)

. Thes e regulatory action s restric t (or presumabl y wil l restrict ) th e us e o f othe r chlorinate dsolvent s suc h a s metiiylen e chloride , perchloroethylene , an d trichloroethylen e b y placin g exposur e limit s o n th e chemical substances

. Thes e exposur e limit s may lea dsome chlorinate dsolven t

user s i n th e short

ter mt o substitut e th e us e o

f methy l chlorofor mfo r thes e othe r

solvent s instea do f tryin g t o contro l exposures
. In addition , ther e ar e U.S

. an dworldwid e concern s abou t

continue duse s (an d emission s an dsubsequen t exposures ) o

f carbo n tetrachlorid e a s asolven t an da s apesticide

. EP A strongl y encourage s chlorinate d solven t user s an dproducer s t o see k lo w cost , long-ter

msolution s an dt o us e th e bes t availabl e control s t o minimiz e environmenta l release s o

f al l o f th e chlorinate dsolvent s liste dabov e i n complyin g with th e federa l regulation s mentioned

. In addition , EP A want s t o mak e clear

tha t th e Agenc y doe s no t condon e simply substitutin g on e proble mchemical fo

r another , an d strongl y encourage s th e us e o f les s objectionabl e chemical s or non
chlorinate dsolven t alternative s wher e possible

. Mor e importantly , EP

A want s t o reinforc e it s earlie r

positio n a s state di n th e Augus t

198 8 ANPR

M (5 3 F R30817 ) tha t "EP A expressl y doe s no t

vie w shiftin g awa y fro

mCFC-11 3 t o ether chlorinated

solvents which are currently under

regulatory scrutiny by EPA, a s a n acceptabl e solutio n t o protectin g di e ozon e layer. " Thi s mean s tha t i n stoppin g th e us e o

f CFC-113 , th e Agenc y doe s no t

wan t producer s an d user s t o replac e i t

wid i solvent s whic h ar e als o considere dozon e depletor s o r probabl y human carcinogens

. Th e chlorinate dsolvent s unde r regulatory scrutin y b y EP

A includ e metiiy l chloroform , methylen e chloride , perchloroethylene , trichloroethylen e an d carbo n tetrachloride

. In thi s ANPRM , EP

A discusse s th e ne w scientifi c informatio n availabl e o n methy l chlorofor

man dexplain s th e possibl e rol e o

f methy l chlorofor

mi n ozon e depletion

. I n addition , th e Agenc y explain s wh y carbo n tetrachlorid e may als o b e adde dto di e Us

t o f chemical s regulate dunde r

th e Protocol

. EP

A i s seekin g comment s o n it s analysi s an do n th e possibl e impac t

o f placin g limit s o n methy l chlorofor

man dcarbo n tetrachlorid e b y addin g die mt o th e lis t o f chemical s regulate dunde r th e Montrea l Protocol

. A. New Scientific Information In it s Augus t

198 8 ANPRM , EP

A discusse dne w scientifi c informatio n suggestin g tha t

ozon e wa s depletin g a t

a faste r rat e tha n th e scientifi c communit y an dth e Agenc y ha doriginall y anticipated

. Ove r

a n 18-mont

h perio d th e world' s leadin g atmospheri c scientist s conducte da n extensiv e revie w o f th e existin g ground-base dan d satellit e measurement s o

f th e rat e an d leve l o f ozon e depletion

. Th e group o f scientist s issue da n executiv e summar y o f thei r wor k i n Marc h o

f 198 8 (The Ozon e Trend s Pane l Report : Executiv e Summary ; 1988)

. The y reporte ddia t

apparen t ozon e decrease s sinc e 196

9 o f 1. 7 t o 3. 0 percen t ha doccurre di n Northern mid-latitudes

. The y als o state dthat , "Ther e ha s bee n a large , sudden , an dunexpecte ddecreas e i n th e abundanc e o

f springtim e Antarcti c ozon e over

th e pas t decade, " an dtha t CFC s wer e aprimary caus e o f th e Antarcti c ozon e hole

. Th e author s als o specificall y cite dmethy l chlorofor m a s a n importan t

sourc e o f chlorin e tha t photochemicall y control s th e abundanc e o f ozone
. Th e ful l bod y o f dii s report

ha s no t yet bee n release dor

reviewe db y EPA

. However , th e summar

y clearl y suggeste sP. 7

Federa l Kegiste r

/ Vol

. 54 , No

. 7 2 /

Monday , Apri l 17 , 198 9 / Propose dRule s
that curren t atmospheri c model s ma

y significantl y underestimat e th e link betwee n CFC s an dozon e depletion

. Applyin g th e model s use di n th e EPA' s Regulator y Impac t Analysi s (RIA) , th e ozon e depletio n o

f th e magnitud e tha t th e Ozon e Trend s Pane l Repor t cites , ha s alread y occurre dover th e pas t twenty years , shoul dno t

hav e occurre d eve n wit h th e CF C reductio n calle dfo

r b y th e Protoco l unti l th e yea r 2050

. Additiona l researc h appear s necessar y t o accoun t

fo r thi s apparen t underprediction

. A

n alternativ e approac h ca n b e use dwhic h look s a t th e ris k o f ozon e depletio n a s afunctio n o f chlorin e an dbromin e level s i n th e stratosphere

. Future chlorin e an d bromin e concentration s in th e uppe r atmospher e wil l depen dprimaril y o n futur e CF C an dhalo n emissions , an d thei r atmospheri c fate

. I

n Augus t 1988 , EP A issue dastud y entitle d"Futur e Concentration s o

f Stratospheri c Chlorin e an dBromine, " (Clx Report) , (Office o f Ai r an dRadiation , EP

A 400/ 1-88/005 , Augus t

1988) , whic h looke d a t chlorin e an dbromin e level s after th e implementatio n o

f th e restriction s i n th e Montreal Protocol

. Th e EP A foundtha t level s o f chlorin e i n th e stratospher e woul dincreas e fro

m2. 7 t o 8 part s pe r billio n (ppb ) b y 2075 , eve n with th e reduction s in CFC s calle dfo r i n th e Protocol

. Thi s increas e woul db e cause dno t only b y th e continue dcontinue dus e o f CFC s an dhalons , bu t

als o b y th e growth in th e productio n an dus e o f th e non
regulate dchemical s suc h a s metiiy l chloroform

. Specifically , th e stud y predicte dtha t

approximatel y 4 5 percen t o f th e increas e in th e chlorin e an d bromin e woul db e cause db y emission s fro mth e remainin g CFC s an dhalons

. An additiona l 3 5 percen t

o f th e increas e in ' chlorin e woul doccur

a s th e resul t

o f methy l chlorofor

memissions

. Furthermore , th e EP

A analysi s showe d that i f methy l chlorofor

mus e increase s a s predicted , i t

woul daccoun t

fo r ove r 80 percen t o f th e growt hin chlorin e level s associate dwith substance s no t covere db y th e Protocol

. Th e Clx Repor

t als o examine dwha t action s woul db e require dto stabiliz e chlorin e a t

curren t atmospheri c levels

. It showe dtha t

aphase-ou t

o f CFC s an da t leas t afreez e i n methy l chlorofor m woul db e required

. It

i s importan t

t o not e however , tha t

stabilizatio n woul d no t revers e pas t

ozon e depletion

. T o revers e pas t

ozon e depletio n tha t

th e Ozon e Trend s Pane l report s ha s alread y occurre dan dto return Clx level s i n th e stratospher e t o thos e tha t existe dprio r to th e Antarcti c ozon e hole , eve n further cut s i n methy l chlorofor mmigh t b e required

. B. Potential

for Growth in Methyl Chloroform Use Chemical companie s tha t

produc e methy l chlorofor

mhav e state dtha t

the y d o no t expec t methy l chlorofor

m productio n or

us e to gro w withi n th e nex t few years
. However , i n th e absenc e o f limit s o n thi s chemical it s productio n an dconsumptio n may increas e substantiall y withi n th e nex t few year s fo r anumbe r

o f reasons
. First , th e Occupationa l Health an d Safet y Administratio n (OSHA) promulgate dregulation s (54 F R2332 , January 19,1989 ) tha t

reduc e th e Permissibl e Exposur e Level (PEL ) t o exposure s o

f perchloroethylen e an d trichloroethylen e i n th e workplace

. OSHA i s als o plannin g t o promulgat e ne w PE L standard s fo

r methylen e chlorid e t o aleve l substantiall y belo w th e curren t

level

. OSHA expect s tha t manufacturer s shoul db e abl e t o compl y with thes e limit s b y increasin g ventilatio n i n th e workplace , o r throug h th e us e o f othe r materials , whic h ar e les s hazardous

. However , i n man y case s change s i n workplac e equipmen t o r operatin g procedure s ma y no t b e sufficient t o mee t thes e ne w standards

. Solvent user s ma y b e incline dt o switc h t o methy l chloroform , rathe r tha n tr y t o mee t th e ne w federal standard s fo r thei r curren t solvent

. Second , EP

A may , withi n th e nex t

few years , further

regulat e perchloroethylene , trichloroethylene , an dmethylen e chlorid e becaus e th e Agenc y classifie s the ma s probabl e human carcinogens

. Th e Agenc y i s als o concerne dabou t

th e non-cancerou s or othe r acut e health effect s thes e chemical s may have

. In addition , EP A i s i n th e proces s o

f writin g aNationa l Emissio n Standar dfo

r Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s (NESHAP

) whic h wil l contro l ambien t ai r emission s fo

r perchloroethylene , trichloroethylen e an d methylen e chloride

. Moreover , sinc e thes e chemical s ar e classifie da s probabl e human carcinogens , the y ar e target s fo r EP A regulation s concernin g wastewate r

discharge

. More importantly , man y companie s worrie d abou t th e stigm ao

f aprobabl e human carcinoge n classificatio n ma y us e TC A instea do f th e othe r solven t becaus e o

f concern s over

publi c image , liability an d insuranc e expenses
. For

thes e reasons , additiona l layer s o

f federal regulatio n ma y increas e use r

preferenc e fo

r methy l chloroform

. Third , th e reductio n i n CF C productio n an dimpor

t require db y th e EP A rul e implementin g th e Montreal Protoco l ma

y lea dsome CF

C user s to substitut e methy l chlorofor mfo r CFCs

. However , th e Agenc y ha s mad e clear tha t i t doe s no t vie w shiftin g fro

mCFC

11 3 t o othe r

chlorinate dsolvent s whic h ar e currentl y unde r

regulatory scrutin y a s a n acceptabl e solutio n to protectin g th e ozon e layer

. D. CFC Substitutes EP A ha s sponsore dan dco-chaire d with industry avariety o

f technological an deconomi c workgroup s t o discus s alternative s t o CFC s i n industria l an d commercial uses
. For

example , EP

A an d industry ar e engage di n cooperativ e project s to determin e whethe r electroni c component s an dcircui t

board s ca

n b e cleane dwith aqueou s an dterpen e cleaner s instea do

f CFC-11 3 or

methy l chloroform

. In addition , th e Agenc y ha s bee n workin g wit

h chemical manufacturer s an dindustry representative s to fin

dout th e exten t

t o whic h CFC-11 3 an dmethy l chlorofor m ca n b e replace di n meta l cleanin g or degreasing

. EP A i s coordinatin g th e revie w o f thes e substitute s amon g variou s Agenc y office s an dwith othe r

federal agencies , t o ensur e tha t

curren t federal regulation s or

policie s d o no t unnecessaril y hinde r

th e switc hawa y fro mCFC s t o othe r

chemical s or processes
. For

example , th e EP

A i s workin g wit

h th e U.S

. Departmen t

o f Defens e (DOD) t

o revis e an e eliminat e militar y procuremen t

specification s tha t requir e manufacturer s t o specificall y us e CFC-113 , methy l chlorofor mo r othe r chlorinate dsolvent s i n electronic , precisio n an dmeta l cleaning

. Eliminatin g restrictiv e specification s woul dallo w CFC-11 3 an dmethy l chlorofor mto b e replace dwith othe r chemicals , non-chemical s solutions , or processe s tha t

perfor mequall y a s wel l or bette r an dd o no t

contribut e to ozon e depletion

. D. Carbon Tetrachloride Carbo n tetrachlorid e i s arelativel y stron g ozon e depletor , an di n fac t ha s a greate r ozon e depletin g potential tha n an y o f th e CFC s currentl y liste di n th e Protocol

. I

n th e U.S

. it

i s use dprimaril y a s afeedstoc k

to produc e othe r

CFCs

. Emission s fro

mthi s us e wer e believe d to b e small , an dtherefore it wa s reasonabl e t o exclud e carbo n tetrachlorid e fro

mth e original Protocol

. However , atmospheri c level s hav e bee n foundto b e greate r

tha n woul db e expecte dfro

mpas t emission s estimates

. Preliminar

y evidenc e suggest s tha t

in Japan , th e Easter n Block

countrie s an d les s develope dcountries , carbo n tetrachlorid e i s use di n th e productio n o f pesticides , a s asolven t

an din th eP. 8

Federa l Registe r

/ Vol

. 54 , No

. 7 2 /

Monday , Apri l 17 , 198 9 / Propose dRule s 1523 1
productio n o f

syntheti c rubbe r

an ddyes , amon g othe r

things

. Emission s estimate s fo r thes e use s ar e stil l uncertain

. Nevetheless , EP A believe s tha t the y ma y b e significan t

an dtha t

i t ma y b e necessar y t o contro l the munde r th e Protocol

. E. Public Comments Sought A s state dpreviously , EP A i s issuin g thi s ANPR M t o solici t

genera l comment s o n th e rol e o f

methy l chlorofor man d carbo n tetrachlorid e i n stratospheri c ozon e protectio n efforts , an dspecifi c comment s o n th e possibl e effec t o f addin g methy l chlorofor man dcarbo n tetrachlorid e t o th e lis t

o f chemical s regulate db y th e Montrea l Protocol

. Th e Agenc y i s specificall y seekin g comment s o n th e followin g points

. (1 ) Wha t substitute s exis t

fo r methy l chlorofor mi n th e followin g us e categories : metal , precisio n an d electroni c cleaning , aerosols , an d adhesives ? (2 ) Wha t ca n EP A d o t o expedit e an d assis t i n findin g substitute s fo r methy l chlorofor mi n thes e us e categories ? Wha t ar e di e barrier s t o suc h substitution ? (3 ) Wil l di e deman dfo r metiiy l chlorofor mincreas e whe n th e initia l reductio n i n CF C us e i s effective , i n Jul y 1989 ? (4 ) Shoul dth e internationa l respons e b e t o freeze , reduc e o r

eliminat e methy l chlorofor man dcarbo n tetrachloride ? How , an dwh y o r

wh y not ? Ove r

wha t tim e period ? Reference s EP A (1988) U.S

. Environmental Protectio n Agency , "Future Concentration s o f Stratospheri c Chlorin e an dBromine, " EP A 400/1-88/005 , Jul

y 1988

. EP A (1987 ) U.S

. Environmental Protectio n Agency , "Assessin g th e Ris k o f Trac e Gase s Tha t

Ca n Modif y th e Stratosphere. " EP A 400/1-87/001 , December 1987

. EP A (1987 ) U.S

. Environmental Protectio n Agency , "Regulator

y Impac t Analysis : Protectio n o

f Stratospheri c Ozone, " December 1987

. EP A (1988) U.S

. Environmental Protectio n Agency , "Regulator

y Impac t Analysis : Protectio n o

f Stratospheri c Ozone, " Augus t 1988

. Molina , M.J

. an dF.S

. Rowlan d(1974)

. "Stratospheri c Sin

k fo r Chlorfluoromethanes : Chlorin e Atom

Catalyse dDestructio n o

f Ozone. " Nature , 249 , 810-812

. Nationa l Aeronautic s an dSpac e Administration , (1988) "Presen t Stat e o f Knowledg e in th e Uppe

r Atmosphere 1988 : An Assessmen t

Report, " #1208 , Augus t 1988

. Worl dMeteorological Associatio n (WMO ) (1986)

. "Atmospheri c Ozon e 1985 : Assessmen t

o f Our Understandin g o

f th e Processe s Controllin g it s Presen t Distributio n an dChange , WM O Global Ozon e Researc h an dMonitorin g Project — Repor t No

. 1 6 WMO , Geneva , Switzerland

. Do n R

. Clay , Acting Assistant

Administrator. [F RDoc

. 89-881 9 File d4-14-89 ; 8:4 5 am ] BILLIN G COD E 6560-50- M

FEDERA L COMMUNICATION S COMMISSIO N 4 7 CF R Part 7 3 IM M Docket No

. 89-38 , RM-6517 ] Radi o Broadcastin g Services ; Flint , Harbo r Beach , an d Sebewaing , Michiga n AGENCY: Federa l Communication s Commission

. ACTION : Propose drule

. SUMMARY

: Thi s documen t

request s comment s o n apetitio n file db y Ream s Broadcasting , Inc. , proposin g th e substitutio n o f

F M Channe l 288B 1 fo r Channe l 288 A a t

Flint , Michigan , an d modificatio n o f

th e licens e fo r

Statio n WWCK-F M t o specif

y operatio n o n Channe l 288B1

. Th e coordinate s fo r Channe l 288B 1 ar e 43-01-1 8 an d83-41

- 00

. T o accommodat e Channe l 288B 1 a t Flint , Channe l 279C 2 mus t b e substitute d fo r 289C 2 a t

Harbo r Beac h an dChanne l 267 A mus t

b e substitute dfo r

Channe l 280 A a t Sebewaing , Michigan

. DC S Radio , Ltd

. hold s th e constructio n permi t fo r Channe l 289C 2 a t

Harbo r Beac h (BP H 870225IB ) an dFamil y Stations , Inc

. hold s th e constructio n permi t fo r Channe l 280 A a t

Sebewain g (BMPED871008ID)

. Th e coordinate s fo r Channe l 279C 2 ar e 43-59-0 6 an d82-58

- 25

. Th e coordinate s fo r Channe l 267 A ar e 43-48-0 1 an d83-23-38

. Canadia n Concurrenc e mus t

b e obtaine dfo r

th e allotmen t

o f channel s a t

al l thre e communities

. Th e allotment s fo r Harbo r Beac h an dSebewain g wil l requir e concurrenc e fro mth e Canadia n governmen t

a s aspeciall y negotiate d shor t space dallotmen t

i n accordanc e wit h th e U.S.-Canadia n workin g agreement

. DATES : Comment s mus t b e filedo n o r befor e Apri l 17,1989 , an drepl y comment s o n o r

befor e Ma y 2,1989

. ADDRESS : Federa l Communication s Commission , Washington , D C 20554

. I n additio n t o filin g comment s wit h th e FCC , intereste dpartie s shoul dserv e th e petitioner , o r

it s counse l o r

consultant , a s follows : Marni e K

. Sarver , Donal dM

. Itzkoff , Pierson , Bal l & Dowd , 1200-18t h Street , NW. , Suit e 1000 , Washington , D C 20036

. (Counse l fo r Ream s Broadcasting , Inc.)

. FO R FURTHE R INFORMATIO N CONTACT : Kathlee n Scheuerle , Mas s Medi a Bureau , (202 ) 634-6530

. SUPPLEMENTAR Y INFORMATION : Thi s i s a summar y o f

th e Commission' s Notic e o f Propose dRul e Making , M M Docke t No

. 89-38 , adopte dJanuar y 30,1989 , an d release dFebruar y 24,1989

. Th e ful l tex t o f thi s Commissio n decisio n i s availabl e fo r inspectio n an dcopyin g durin g norma l busines s hour s i n th e FC C Docket s Branc h (Roo m230) , 191 9 M Street , NW. , Washington , DC

. Th e complet e tex t

o f thi s decisio n ma y als o b e purchase dfro mth e Commission' s cop y contractors , Internationa l Transcriptio n Service , (202 ) 857-3800 , 210 0 M Street , NW. , Suit e 140 , Washington , D C 20037

. Provision s o f

th e Regulator y Flexibilit y Ac t

o f 198 0 d o no t

appl y t o thi s proceeding

. Member s o f

th e publi c shoul dnot e tha t fro mth e tim e aNotic e o f Propose d Rul e Makin g i s issue dunti l th e matte r i s n o longe r

subjec t t o Commissio n consideratio n o r

cour t review , al l ex parte contact s ar e prohibite di n Commissio n proceedings , suc h a s thi s one , whic h involv e channe l allotments

. Se e 4 7 CF R1.1204(b ) fo r rule s governin g permissibl e ex

parte contacts

. Fo r informatio n regardin g prope r filin g procedure s fo r

comments , Se e 4 7 CFR 1.41 5 an d1.420

. Lis t o f Subject s i n 4 7 CF RPar t 7 3 Radi o broadcasting

. Federa l Communication s Commission

. Stev e Kaminer , Deputy Chief, Policy and Rules Dis'ision, Mass Media Bureau. (F RDoc

. 89-902 5 File d4-14-89 ; 8:4 5 am ] BILLIN G COD E 6712-01- M
4 7 CF R Part 7 3 IM M Docke t No

. 89-37 , RM-6590 ] Radi o Broadcastin g Services ; Tw o Harbors , Minnesot a AGENCY: Federa l Communication s Commission

. ACTION : Propose drule

. SUMMARY

: Thi s documen t

request s comment s o n apetitio n filedb y Twi n Port s Broadcasting , Inc. , permitte e o f Channe l 282A , Tw o Harbors , Minnesota , proposin g th e substitutio n o f Channe l 282C 2 fo r Channe l 282A , an d modificatio n o f

th e permi t

t o specif

y