Forest Statistics for

North Alabama, 2000

Andrew J. Hartsell and John S. Vissage

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern

Research Station

Resource Bulletin

SRS–64

NORTH

SOUTHEAST

 NORTH

CENTRAL

 WEST

CENTRAL

SOUTHWEST-

 NORTH

SOUTHWESTSOUTH

-

-
September 2001

Southern Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

Asheville, NC 28802

The Authors:

Andrew J. Hartsell is a Research Forester with the

Forest Inventory and Analysis Research Work Unit,

Southern Research Station, U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Starkville, MS 39760. John

S. Vissage is a former Research Forester with the Forest

Inventory and Analysis Research Work Unit, Southern

Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, Starkville, MS 39760.
i

Foreword

This report highlights the principal findings of the seventh forest survey of North Alabama. Field work began in May 1997 and

was completed in August 2000. Six previous surveys, completed in 1936, 1953, 1963, 1972, 1982, and 1990, provide statistics

for measuring changes and trends over the past 64 years. This report primarily emphasizes changes and trends since 1990.

Periodic surveys of forest resources are authorized by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978.

These surveys are a continuing, nationwide undertaking by the Regional Experiment Stations of the U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service. In the Southern United States, these surveys are conducted by the Forest Inventory and Analysis

Research Work Unit (FIA) at the Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC. The FIA unit operates out of two locations, one in

Starkville, MS, and the other in Asheville, NC, and is responsible for inventories in 13 Southern States and the Commonwealth

of Puerto Rico. The primary objective of these surveys is to periodically inventory and evaluate all forest and related resources.

These multiresource data help provide a basis for formulating forest policies and programs and for the orderly development and

use of the resources. This report discusses the extent and condition of forest land, associated timber volumes, and rates of

timber growth, mortality, and removals.

Additional information about any aspect of this survey may be obtained from:

Forest Inventory and Analysis

Southern Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

Asheville, NC 28802–2680

Telephone: 828–257–4350

Acknowledgments

The Southern Research Station gratefully acknowledges the cooperation and excellent assistance provided by the Alabama

Forestry Commission in the collection of field data. The research was made possible through the collaboration of USDA Forest

Service, FIA personnel (including those in Data Collection, Data Compilation, Analysis, and Publication Management). We

also appreciate the cooperation of other public agencies and private landowners in providing access to measurement plots.
ii
iii

Highlights ................................................................................................................................................ 1

Inventory Methods................................................................................................................................... 2

Statistical Reliability ................................................................................................................................ 3

Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 5

Metric Equivalents ................................................................................................................................... 9

Graphs...................................................................................................................................................... 10

Cross Reference of Eastern Core Tables ................................................................................................. 15

Index of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 15

 Tables 1–49a ........................................................................................................................................... 17

a All tables in this report are available in Microsoft® Excel workbook files. Upon request, these files will be supplied

on 31⁄2-inch diskettes.

 The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement

by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service.

 Page

Table of Contents
iv

Figure 1—Forest survey regions in Alabama.

Lauderdale Limestone

Madison Jackson

Colbert

Franklin Lawrence

Morgan

Marshall De Kalb

Marion Winston Cullman

Blount Etowah Cherokee

Lamar

Fayette

Walker

Jefferson

St. Clair Calhoun Cleburne

Shelby Talladega

Clay

Randolph

Pickens

Greene Bibb

Hale

Perry

Dallas

Chilton

Coosa Tallapoosa

Chambers

Autauga

Elmore Lee

Sumter

Marengo

Wilcox Choctaw

Clarke Monroe

LowndesMontgomery

Macon

Russell

Bullock

Barbour

Butler Crenshaw

Pike

Covington

Coffee Dale Henry

Geneva Houston

Conecuh Washington

Baldwin

Mobile

Escambia

NORTH

Tuscaloosa

SOUTHEAST

NORTHCENTRAL

WESTCENTRAL

SOUTHWESTNORTH

SOUTHWESTSOUTH

-
1

This report summarizes the results from a 2000 inventory of

the forest resources of North Alabama (fig. 1). These data

are considered preliminary; a final State analytical report

will be published after all survey units have been

inventoried. Current estimates of forest area, timberland

area, related classifications such as ownership and forest

type, and timber volume are presented. While comparisons

are made with values from the previous inventory, methods

for determining several key attributes such as volume,

stocking, forest type, stand-size class, and site class have

changed. The inventory plot design has changed since the

previous survey. Changes in methods and plot design were

made to increase consistency among Forest Inventory and

Analysis Research Work Units (FIA). For comparisons in

this report, growing stock and sawtimber volumes from the

previous inventory have been recomputed using current

methods. Resource data are presented in 49 tables and 9

graphs. A summary of major findings follows.

Timberland area—The area classified as timberland in this

10-county area has increased 7 percent since 1990 to 2.2

million acres. Ninety-five thousand acres were diverted

from timberland to other land uses, while 236,000 acres

were added from previously nonforest land uses, resulting in

a net addition of 141,000 acres. The majority of the diverted

timberland was cleared for agriculture and urban-related

land uses. Timberland covered 50 percent of the land area in

North Alabama.

Ownership—Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) ownership

increased 6 percent to 1.90 million acres. Corporate

ownership decreased 52 percent since 1990 to 87,000 acres.

Ownership by individuals increased 13 percent since 1990

to 1.81 million acres. NIPF land owners controlled 85

percent of the timberland in North Alabama. Timberland

owned by forest industry increased 16 percent to 134

thousand acres. Public agencies controlled 211 thousand

acres, or 9 percent of total timberland.

Forest type—Forest stands classified as hardwood forest

types accounted for 72 percent of the timberland area. The

area of hardwood stands decreased about 7 percent since

1990. The area of softwood stands decreased 24 percent to

281,000 acres, or 13 percent of the timberland area. The

area of oak-pine stands increased 63 percent to 344,000

acres. Mixed hardwood was the dominant forest type in

2000 with 762,000 acres.

Stand treatment—Harvesting and regeneration were the

predominant treatment and management activities in the

timberland of the region since 1990. Final harvest occurred

on 24,000 acres annually. Forty-two percent of these

harvests were from oak-pine stands, 39 percent from upland

hardwood stands, 10 percent from natural pine stands, 5

percent from lowland hardwood stands, and 3 percent from

pine plantations. Reforestation and afforestation combined

averaged 51,000 acres annually.

Softwood volumes—Volume of softwood growing stock

decreased 2 percent to 650 million cubic feet between 1990

and 2000. Softwood growing-stock volume increased 61

percent on public lands to 118 million cubic feet. Softwood

growing-stock volume decreased by 4 percent and 68

percent on NIPF and forest industry lands, respectively.

Loblolly pine was the predominate species at 375 million

cubic feet, an increase of 4 percent since 1990. The

inventory of softwood sawtimber totaled about 2.5 billion

board feet, an increase of 25 percent since 1990.

Hardwood volume—Volume of hardwood growing stock

increased 31 percent to 2.5 billion cubic feet. Hardwood

growing-stock volume increased 33 percent on public lands

to 341 million cubic feet, 28 percent on NIPF lands to 2,084

million cubic feet, and 109 percent on forest industry land

to 110 million cubic feet. Other red oaks were the

predominate species group with 422 million cubic feet. The

inventory of hardwood sawtimber increased 46 percent to

8.1 billion board feet.

Forest Statistics for

North Alabama, 2000

Andrew J. Hartsell and John S. Vissage

Highlights
2

Growth—Net annual growth of softwood growing stock

averaged 35.1 million cubic feet, an increase of 17 percent

since the previous survey period. Softwood growth

increased 20 percent on public lands, and 24 percent on

NIPF lands. Softwood growth decreased 11 percent on

forest industry land.

Hardwood growth increased 50 percent on public lands, 73

percent on forest industry lands, and 40 percent on NIPF

ownership lands since the previous survey period.

Removals—Annual removals of softwood growing stock

averaged 46.5 million cubic feet, an increase of 70 percent

since the previous survey period. Eighty-three percent of the

softwood removals were from NIPF land, 16 percent from

forest industry land, and 1 percent from public lands.

Softwood removals exceeded softwood growth by 32

percent.

Annual removals of hardwood growing stock averaged 33.3

million cubic feet, an increase of 10 percent since the

previous survey period. Eighty-seven percent of hardwood

removals were from NIPF land, 10 percent from forest

industry land, and 3 percent from public land. Hardwood

growth exceeded removals by 175 percent.

Mortality—The average annual mortality of growing stock

increased 14 percent to 27.2 million cubic feet since the

previous survey period. Hardwood mortality decreased

slightly to 13.9 million cubic feet; softwood mortality

increased 51 percent to 13.3 million cubic feet.

Inventory Methods

The Southern Research Station FIA unit secured data on

forest acreage and timber volume using a three-step process.

A forest-nonforest classification using aerial photographs

was completed using a count of points representing

approximately 230 acres each. These photo classifications

were then adjusted based on ground observations at sample

locations representing approximately 3,840 acres. Finally,

field measurements were made at forest locations on the

intersections of grid lines spaced approximately 3 miles

apart.

The plot installed at each ground sample location was a

cluster of four points spaced 120 feet apart. Each point

served as the center of a 1/24-acre circular subplot used to

sample trees 5.0 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) and

larger. A 1/300-acre microplot, located at the subplot center,

was used to sample trees 1.0 to 4.9 inches d.b.h. and

seedlings (trees less than 1.0 inch d.b.h.). These fixed-radius

sample plots were established without regard to land use or

land cover. Forest and nonforest condition classes were

delineated and recorded on each plot. These condition

classes were defined by six attributes: land use, forest type,

stand origin, stand size, forest density, and major ownership.

The process of delineating a fixed-radius plot into numerous

sections based on forest and land-use conditions is called

mapping. All trees tallied were assigned to their respective

condition class. For conditions that were too small to have

sufficient stocking, the field person assigned a forest type

and stand size based on similar conditions outside the plot

boundary. In all other cases, these classifications were

derived using standard FIA algorithms.

The cluster of four fixed plots sampled timberland at 467

ground sample locations in this survey unit. Estimates of

timber volume and forest classifications were derived from

tree measurements and classifications made at these

locations. Volumes for individual tally trees were computed

using equations for each of the major species in the survey

unit. Previous surveys used deterministic measurements

taken along the bole of each tree to compute individual tree

volumes. Estimates of 1990 tree volumes were recomputed

using the new equations. All comparisons of standing

volume were made using these recomputed values. These

recomputed volumes do not match previously published

numbers.

Estimates of growth, removals, and mortality were

determined from the remeasurement of 408 permanent

sample plots established in the previous inventory. The plot

design for the previous inventory was based on a cluster of

10 points. At each point, trees 5.0 inches d.b.h and larger

were selected for measurement on a variable-radius plot

defined by a 37.5-factor prism. Trees less than 5.0 inches

d.b.h. were tallied on a fixed-radius plot around points 1

through 3. Change estimates for the current survey were

determined by remeasuring 5 of the 10 points from the

previous survey. Any new trees that may have grown onto

the plot during the intersurvey period were not sampled.

The new growth algorithms do not account for ongrowth

and nongrowth of new trees.

Moving from a variable-radius prism point sampling

scheme comprised of 10 points, in which all points were

“rotated” into forest conditions if a point fell in a nonforest

condition, to a fixed-plot design where all forest and

nonforest conditions are mapped on the plot brought about

changes in the way stocking and expansion factors are

estimated. Estimates of stocking are used in the computation
3

Statistical Reliability

FIA inventories employ sampling methods designed to

achieve reliable statistics at the survey unit and State levels.

A measure of reliability of inventory statistics is provided

by sampling errors. These sampling errors mean that the

chances are two out of three that the true population value is

within the limits indicated by a confidence interval. Sampling errors (in percent) and associated confidence intervals

around the sample estimates for timberland area, inventory

volumes, and components of change are presented in the

following table.

where

SEs = sampling error for subdivision of survey

unit or State total,

SEt = sampling error for survey unit or State total,

Xs = sum of values for the variable of interest

(area or volume) for subdivision of survey

unit or State,

Xt = total area or volume for survey unit or State.

For example, the estimate of sampling error for hardwood

growing-stock volume on NIPF land is computed as:

Thus, the sampling error is 5.02 percent, and the resulting

confidence interval (two times out of three) for hardwood

growing-stock inventory on NIPF land is 2,083.5 ± 104.6

million cubic feet.

County statistics are provided, but users are cautioned that

the accuracy of individual county data is highly variable.

Individual county statistics are provided so any combination

of counties may be added together until the totals are large

enough to meet the desired degree of reliability. Sampling

errors for key resource items for individual counties are

provided in the following table.

 = 5.02 . 

 2,083.5 

3,184.3 4.06 = SE s 

Sampling error increases as the area or volume considered

decreases in magnitude. Sampling errors and associated

confidence intervals are often unacceptably high for small

components of the total resource. Statistical confidence may

be computed for any subdivision of survey unit or State

totals using the following formula. Sampling errors obtained

from this method are only approximations of reliability

because this process assumes constant variance across all

subdivisions of totals.

, 

X s 

X t SE t = 

SE s

Item

Timberland (1,000 acres) 2,246.0 ± 18.1 0.81

 Percent

Sample estimate

and Sampling

confidence interval error

All live (M ft

3 )

 Inventory 3,661.2 ± 139.9 3.82

 Net annual growth 140.3 ± 7.1 5.09

 Annual removals 85.9 ± 9.8 11.42

 Annual mortality 34.3 ± 3.6 10.44

Growing stock (M ft 3 )

 Inventory 3,184.3 ± 129.3 4.06

 Net annual growth 126.6 ± 6.7 5.28

 Annual removals 79.8 ± 9.3 11.62

 Annual mortality 27.2 ± 3.2 11.58

Sawtimber (M fbm )

 Inventory 10,598.7 ± 596.6 5.63

 Net annual growth 519.9 ± 27.8 5.34

 Annual removals 256.7 ± 33.7 13.14

 Annual mortality 64.6 ± 8.6 13.26

of forest type and stand size. Expansion factors are used to

bring plot and tree level estimates up to the population level.

The exact impact these changes have on the survey is often

debated and is currently being investigated. Therefore,

because the sample design and methods of deriving stand

parameters have changed since the 1990 Alabama survey,

users should be aware of these changes and use caution

when making rigorous comparisons between this and prior

surveys.
4

Sampling errorsa by counties and survey unit for timberland, live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber,

North Alabama, 2000

Counties and Timberland Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

survey unit area Volume Growth Removals Volume Growth Removals Volume Growth Removals

Percent

Colbert 2.3 13.5 25.4 25.8 14.4 27.4 26.2 18.8 16.7 28.0

De Kalb 3.2 10.4 17.2 48.5 10.7 15.3 49.0 14.1 15.1 48.1

Franklin 3.0 13.9 16.4 21.2 14.9 17.6 21.7 19.5 18.3 24.0

Jackson 1.6 7.4 9.6 27.8 7.9 10.4 28.0 12.1 12.1 29.0

Lauderdale 2.5 14.2 16.5 53.1 15.1 16.0 52.9 19.6 20.2 55.6

Lawrence 2.9 13.1 11.9 47.0 13.4 12.9 48.5 18.3 13.5 49.2

Limestone 2.9 14.6 14.9 51.0 15.6 14.9 53.9 20.8 15.6 55.8

Madison 1.8 11.6 17.4 48.6 13.0 17.9 48.2 17.7 20.8 55.6

Marshall 2.8 13.1 12.8 40.2 13.8 13.2 40.7 18.1 15.0 47.2

Morgan 2.7 10.8 13.8 36.6 11.7 13.7 36.2 16.1 15.7 40.9

 Survey unit 0.8 7.3 1.9 3.4 7.3 1.9 3.3 18.3 3.9 6.7

a By random-sampling formula.
5

D.o.b. (diameter outside bark). Stem diameter including

bark.

Forest land. Land at least 10 percent stocked by forest trees

of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover, and not

currently developed for nonforest use. The minimum area

considered for classification is 1 acre. Forested strips must

be at least 120 feet wide.

Forest management type. A classification of timberland

based on forest type and stand origin.

Pine plantation. Stands that (a) have been artificially

regenerated by planting or direct seeding, (b) are

classed as a pine or other softwood forest type, and (c)

have at least 10 percent stocking.

Natural pine. Stands that (a) have not been artificially

regenerated, (b) are classed as a pine or other softwood

forest type, and (c) have at least 10 percent stocking.

Oak-pine. Stands that have at least 10 percent stocking

and classed as a forest type of oak-pine.

Upland hardwood. Stands that have at least 10 percent

stocking and classed as an oak-hickory or maplebeech-birch forest type.

Lowland hardwood. Stands that have at least 10 percent stocking with a forest type of oak-gum-cypress,

elm-ash-cottonwood, palm, or other tropical.

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent

stocked with live trees.

Forest type. A classification of forest land based on the

species forming a plurality of live-tree stocking. Major

eastern forest-type groups are:

White-red-jack pine. Forests in which eastern white

pine, red pine, or jack pine, singly or in combination,

constitute a plurality of the stocking. (Common

associates include hemlock, birch, and maple).

Spruce-fir. Forests in which spruce or true firs, singly

or in combination, constitute a plurality of the

stocking. (Common associates include maple, birch,

and hemlock).

Afforestation. Area of land previously classified as

nonforest that is converted to forest by planting trees or by

natural reversion to forest.

Average annual mortality. Average annual volume of trees

5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger that died from natural causes

during the intersurvey period.

Average annual removals. Average annual volume of trees

5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger removed from the inventory by

harvesting, cultural operations (such as timber-stand

improvement), land clearing, or changes in land use during

the intersurvey period.

Average net annual growth. Average annual net change in

volume of trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger in the absence

of cutting (gross growth minus mortality) during the

intersurvey period.

Basal area. The area in square feet of the cross section at

breast height of a single tree or of all the trees in a stand,

usually expressed in square feet per acre.

Biomass. The aboveground fresh weight of solid wood and

bark in live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger from the ground

to the tip of the tree. All foliage is excluded. The weight of

wood and bark in lateral limbs, secondary limbs, and twigs

under 0.5 inch in diameter at the point of occurrence on

sapling-size trees is included but is excluded on poletimber

and sawtimber-size trees.

Bole. That portion of a tree between a 1-foot stump and a

4-inch top d.o.b. in trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Census water. Streams, sloughs, estuaries, canals, and other

moving bodies of water 200 feet wide and greater, and

lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and other permanent bodies of

water 4.5 acres in area and greater.

Commercial species. Tree species currently or potentially

suitable for industrial wood products.

D.b.h. Tree diameter in inches (outside bark) at breast

height (4.5 feet aboveground).

Diameter class. A classification of trees based on tree d.b.h.

Two-inch diameter classes are commonly used by Forest

Inventory and Analysis, with the even inch as the approximate midpoint for a class. For example, the 6-inch class

includes trees 5.0 through 6.9 inches d.b.h.

Definitions
6

Longleaf-slash pine. Forests in which longleaf or

slash pine, singly or in combination, constitute a

plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include

oak, hickory, and gum).

Loblolly-shortleaf pine. Forests in which loblolly

pine, shortleaf pine, or other southern yellow pines,

except longleaf or slash pine, singly or in combination,

constitute a plurality of the stocking. (Common

associates include oak, hickory, and gum).

Oak-pine. Forests in which hardwoods (usually upland

oaks) constitute a plurality of the stocking but in which

pines account for 25 to 50 percent of the stocking.

(Common associates include gum, hickory, and yellowpoplar).

Oak-hickory. Forests in which upland oaks or hickory,

singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of the

stocking, except where pines account for 25 to 50

percent, in which case the stand would be classified

oak-pine. (Common associates include yellow-poplar,

elm, maple, and black walnut).

Oak-gum-cypress. Bottom-land forests in which

tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, oaks, or southern

cypress, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality

of the stocking, except where pines account for 25 to

50 percent, in which case the stand would be classified

oak-pine. (Common associates include cottonwood,

willow, ash, elm, hackberry, and maple).

Elm-ash-cottonwood. Forests in which elm, ash, or

cottonwood, singly or in combination, constitute a

plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include

willow, sycamore, beech, and maple).

Maple-beech-birch. Forests in which maple, beech,

or yellow birch, singly or in combination, constitute a

plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include

hemlock, elm, basswood, and white pine).

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent

stocked with live trees.

Forested tract size. The area of forest within the contiguous tract containing each Forest Inventory and Analysis

sample plot.

Fresh weight. Mass of tree component at time of cutting.

Gross growth. Annual increase in volume of trees 5.0

inches d.b.h. and larger in the absence of cutting and

mortality. (Gross growth includes survivor growth, ingrowth, growth on ingrowth, growth on removals before

removal, and growth on mortality before death).

Growing-stock trees. Living trees of commercial species

classified as sawtimber, poletimber, saplings, and seedlings.

Trees must contain at least one 12-foot or two 8-foot logs in

the saw-log portion, currently or potentially (if too small to

qualify), to be classed as growing stock. The log(s) must

meet dimension and merchantability standards to qualify.

Trees must also have, currently or potentially, one-third of

the gross board-foot volume in sound wood.

Growing-stock volume. The cubic-foot volume of sound

wood in growing-stock trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. from a

1-foot stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top d.o.b. of the central

stem.

Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually broadleaf and

deciduous.

Soft hardwoods. Hardwood species with an average

specific gravity of 0.50 or less, such as gums, yellowpoplar, cottonwoods, red maple, basswoods, and

willows.

Hard hardwoods. Hardwood species with an average

specific gravity greater than 0.50 such as oaks, hard

maples, hickories, and beech.

Industrial wood. All roundwood products except fuelwood.

Land area. The area of dry land and land temporarily or

partly covered by water, such as marshes, swamps, and river

floodplains (omitting tidal flats below mean high tide),

streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than 200 feet

wide, and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 4.5 acres in

area.

Live trees. All living trees. All size classes, all tree classes,

and both commercial and noncommercial species are

included.

Log grade. A classification of logs based on external

characteristics indicating quality or value.

Logging residues. The unused merchantable portion of

growing-stock trees cut or destroyed during logging

operations.
7

Net annual change. Increase or decrease in volume of live

trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. Net annual change is equal to

net annual growth minus average annual removals.

Noncommercial species. Tree species of typically small

size, poor form, or inferior quality that normally do not

develop into trees suitable for industrial wood products.

Nonforest land. Land that has never supported forests and

land formerly forested where timber production is precluded

by development for other uses.

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent stocked

with live trees.

Other forest land. Forest land other than timberland and

productive reserved forest land. It includes available and

reserved forest land which is incapable of producing

annually 20 cubic feet per acre of industrial wood under

natural conditions, because of adverse site conditions such

as sterile soils, dry climate, poor drainage, high elevation,

steepness, or rockiness.

Other removals. The growing-stock volume of trees

removed from the inventory by cultural operations such as

timber stand improvement, land clearing, and other changes

in land use, resulting in the removal of the trees from

timberland.

Ownership. The property owned by one ownership unit,

including all parcels of land in the United States.

National forest land. Federal land that has been legally

designated as national forests or purchase units, and

other land under the administration of the Forest

Service, including experimental areas and BankheadJones Title III land.

Forest industry land. Land owned by companies or

individuals operating primary wood-using plants.

Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) land. Privately

owned land excluding forest industry land or forest

industry-leased land.

Corporate. Owned by corporations, including

incorporated farm ownerships.

Individual. All lands owned by individuals,

including farm operators.

Other public. An ownership class that includes all

public lands except national forests.

Miscellaneous Federal land. Federal land other

than national forests.

State, county, and municipal land. Land owned by

States, counties, and local public agencies or

municipalities or land leased to these governmental

units for 50 years or more.

Plant residues. Wood material generated in the production

of timber products at primary manufacturing plants.

Coarse residues. Material, such as slabs, edgings,

trim, veneer cores and ends, suitable for chipping.

Fine residues. Material, such as sawdust, shavings,

and veneer chippings, not suitable for chipping.

Plant byproducts. Residues (coarse or fine) used in

the manufacture of industrial products or for consumer

use or as fuel.

Unused plant residues. Residues (coarse or fine) not

used for any product, including fuel.

Poletimber-size trees. Softwoods 5.0 to 8.9 inches d.b.h.

and hardwoods 5.0 to 10.9 inches d.b.h.

Primary wood-using plants. Industries receiving roundwood or chips from roundwood for the manufacture of

products, such as veneer, pulp, and lumber.

Productive-reserved forest land. Forest land sufficiently

productive to qualify as timberland but withdrawn from

timber utilization through statute or administrative regulation.

Reforestation. Area of land previously classified as forest that

is regenerated by planting trees or natural regeneration.

Rotten trees. Live trees of commercial species not containing

at least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous saw logs,

each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively, primarily because

of rot or missing sections, and with less than one-third of the

gross board-foot tree volume in sound material.

Rough trees. Live trees of commercial species not containing

at least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous saw logs,

each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively, primarily because
8

Select white oaks. A group of several white oak species

composed of white, swamp chestnut, swamp white,

chinkapin, Durand, and bur oaks. Other white oak species

are included in the "other white oaks" group.

Site class. A classification of forest land in terms of

potential capacity to grow crops of industrial wood based on

fully stocked natural stands.

Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, having

leaves that are needles or scalelike.

Yellow pines. Loblolly, longleaf, slash, pond,

shortleaf, pitch, Virginia, sand, spruce, and Table

Mountain pines.

Other softwoods. Cypress, eastern redcedar, whitecedar, eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, spruce, and

fir.

Stand age. The average age of dominant and codominant

trees in the stand.

Stand origin. A classification of forest stands describing

their means of origin.

Planted. Planted or artificially seeded.

Natural. No evidence of artificial regeneration.

Stand-size class. A classification of forest land based on the

diameter class distribution of live trees in the stand.

Sawtimber stands. Stands at least 10 percent

stocked with live trees, with half or more of total

stocking in sawtimber and poletimber trees, and with

sawtimber stocking at least equal to poletimber

stocking.

Poletimber stands. Stands at least 10 percent stocked

with live trees, of which half or more of total stocking

is in poletimber and sawtimber trees, and with poletimber stocking exceeding that of sawtimber.

Sapling-seedling stands. Stands at least 10 percent

stocked with live trees of which more than half of

total stocking is saplings and seedlings.

Nonstocked stands. Stands less than 10 percent

stocked with live trees.

of roughness, poor form, splits, and cracks, and with less than

one-third of the gross board-foot tree volume in sound

material; and live trees of noncommercial species.

Roundwood (roundwood logs). Logs, bolts, or other round

sections cut from trees for industrial or consumer uses.

Roundwood chipped. Any timber cut primarily for pulpwood, delivered to nonpulpmills, chipped, and then sold to

pulpmills as residues, including chipped tops, jump sections, whole trees, and pulpwood sticks.

Roundwood products. Any primary product such as

lumber, poles, pilings, pulp, or fuelwood, that is produced

from roundwood.

Salvable dead trees. Standing or downed dead trees that

were formerly growing stock and considered merchant-able.

Trees must be at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. to qualify.

Saplings. Live trees 1.0 to 5.0 inches d.b.h.

Saw log. A log meeting minimum standards of diameter,

length, and defect, including logs at least 8 feet long, sound

and straight, with a minimum diameter inside bark for

softwoods of 6 inches (8 inches for hardwoods).

Saw-log portion. The part of the bole of sawtimber trees

between a 1-foot stump and the saw-log top.

Saw-log top. The point on the bole of sawtimber trees

above which a conventional saw log cannot be produced.

The minimum saw-log top is 7.0 inches d.o.b. for softwoods

and 9.0 inches d.o.b. for hardwoods.

Sawtimber-size trees. Softwoods 9.0 inches d.b.h. and

larger and hardwoods 11.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Sawtimber volume. Growing-stock volume in the sawlog portion of sawtimber-size trees in board feet

(International 1/4-inch rule).

Seedlings. Trees less than 1.0 inch d.b.h. and greater than 1

foot tall for hardwoods, greater than 6 inches tall for

softwood, and greater than 0.5 inch in diameter at ground

level for longleaf pine.

Select red oaks. A group of several red oak species composed of cherrybark, Shumard, and northern red oaks. Other

red oak species are included in the "other red oaks" group.
9

Stocking. The degree of occupancy of land by trees,

measured by basal area or the number of trees in a stand and

spacing in the stand, compared with a minimum standard,

depending on tree size, required to fully utilize the growth

potential of the land.

Density of trees and basal area per acre required for full

stocking

D.b.h. Trees per acre Basal area

class for full stocking per acre

Seedlings 600 —

2 560 —

4 460 —

6 340 67

8 240 84

10 155 85

12 115 90

14 90 96

16 72 101

18 60 106

20 51 111

Timberland. Forest land capable of producing 20 cubic feet

of industrial wood per acre per year and not withdrawn from

timber utilization.

Timber products. Roundwood products and byproducts.

Tree. Woody plants having one erect perennial stem or

trunk at least 3 inches d.b.h., a more or less definitely

formed crown of foliage, and a height of at least 13 feet (at

maturity).

Tree grade. A classification of the saw-log portion of

sawtimber trees based on: (1) the grade of the butt log or (2)

the ability to produce at least one 12-foot or two 8-foot logs

in the upper section of the saw-log portion. Tree grade is an

indicator of quality; grade 1 is the best quality.

Upper-stem portion. The part of the main stem or fork of

sawtimber trees above the saw-log top to minimum top

diameter 4.0 inches outside bark or to the point where the

main stem or fork breaks into limbs.

Volume of live trees. The cubic-foot volume of sound wood

in live trees at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. from a

1-foot stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top d.o.b. of the central

stem.

Volume of saw-log portion of sawtimber trees. The cubicfoot volume of sound wood in the saw-log portion of

sawtimber trees. Volume is the net result after deductions for

rot, sweep, and other defects that affect use for lumber.

1 acre = 4,046.86 square meters or 0.404686 hectare

1 cubic foot = 0.028317 cubic meter

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters or 0.0254 meter

Breast height = 1.4 meters above the ground

1 square foot = 929.03 square centimeters or 0.0929 square meter

1 square foot per acre basal area = 0.229568 square meter per hectare

1 pound = 0.454 kilogram

1 ton = 0.907 metric ton

Metric Equivalents
10

Figure 3—Area of timberland by forest-type group and stand origin, North Alabama, 1990 and 2000.

Figure 2—Distribution of timberland by ownership class, North Alabama, 2000.

Graphs

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Forest-type group

Million acres

 Natural

 Planted

1990

1990

2000

2000

2000 1990

1990

2000

1990 2000

1990

2000

 Loblolly–

 shortleaf

Oak–

pine

Oak–

hickory

Oak–gum–

cypress

Elm–ash–

cottonwood

NonstockedWhite pine–

hemlock

1990 2000

Nonindustrial

private

85%

National

forest

3% Other

public

6%

Forest

industry

6%

2.2 Million acres
11

Figure 4—Area of timberland by stand-size class and stand origin, North Alabama, 1990 and 2000.

Figure 5—Volume of live trees on timberland by species group and stand origin, North Alabama, 1990 and 2000.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Billion cubic feet

 Natural

 Planted

1990 2000 1990 2000

Softwood Hardwood

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Stand-size class

Million acres

 Natural

 Planted 1990

1990

1990

2000

2000

 Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling–seedling Nonstocked

1990

2000

2000
12

Figure 6—Distribution of softwood live tree volume by ownership class, North Alabama, 2000.

Figure 7—Distribution of hardwood live tree volume by ownership class, North Alabama, 2000.

Forest

industry

3%

Nonindustrial

private

80%

National

forest

8%

Other

public

10%

0.7 Billion cubic feet

Other

public

9%

Forest

industry

4%

Nonindustrial

private

83%

National

forest

4%

2.9 Billion cubic feet
13

Figure 8—Volume of softwood live trees on timberland by diameter class, North Alabama, 1990 and 2000.

Figure 9—Volume of hardwood live trees on timberland by diameter class, North Alabama, 1990 and 2000.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20+

Diameter class (inches)

Million cubic feet

1990

2000

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20+

Diameter class (inches)

Million cubic feet

1990

2000
14

Figure 10—Average net annual growth and removals of live trees on timberland by species group and stand origin, North Alabama, 1982–

1989 and 1990–1999.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Million cubic feet

 Natural

 Planted

Softwood

Hardwood

 Net growth Removals Net growth Removals

1982– 

1989

1990– 

1999

1990– 

1999

1982– 

1989

1990– 

1999

1982– 

1989

1990– 

1999

1982– 

1989
15

Index of Tables

1. Land area by county and land class

2. Area of forest land by forest-type group and

ownership class

3. Area of timberland by county and ownership class

4. Area of timberland by county and forest-type

group

5. Area of timberland by county and stand-size class

6. Area of timberland by county and site class

7. Area of timberland by county and stocking class

of growing-stock trees

8. Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand

origin, and ownership class

9. Area of timberland by forest-type group, detailed

forest type, and ownership class

10. Area of timberland by ownership and stocking

class of growing-stock trees

11. Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand

origin, and stand-size class

12. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, all ownerships

13. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, public ownerships

14. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, forest industry ownerships

15. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, nonindustrial private ownerships

16. Area of nonindustrial private timberland by ownership, forested tract-size class, and forest management type

17. Number of live trees on timberland by species and

diameter class

18. Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by

species and diameter class

19. Volume of live trees on timberland by species and

diameter class

20. Volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by

species and diameter class

Cross Reference of Eastern Core Tables

Core Core

table table

1 1 14 22

2 3 15 24, 26

3 4 16 27

4 5 17 28

5 6 18 32, 34

6 7 19 35, 37

7 8 20 38

8 10 21 38

9 11 22 40

10 17 23 41

11 18 24 43

12 20 25 23

13 21

Corresponding table

number in this report

Corresponding table

number in this report
16

21. Volume in the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees

on timberland by species and diameter class

22. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species and

diameter class

23. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species,

size class, and tree grade

24. Volume of growing stock on timberland by county

and species group

25. Volume of live trees on timberland by county and

species group

26. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by county and

species group

27. Volume of timber on timberland by class of timber

and species group

28. Volume of live and growing-stock trees on timberland by ownership class and species group

29. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by ownership

class, species group, and size class

30. Volume of growing stock on timberland by foresttype group, stand origin, and species group

31. Average basal area of live trees per acre on timberland by ownership class, species group, and d.b.h.

32. Average net annual growth of growing stock on

timberland by county and species group

33. Average net annual growth of live trees on timberland by county and species group

34. Average net annual growth of sawtimber on

timberland by county and species group

35. Average annual removals of growing stock on

timberland by county and species group

36. Average annual removals of live trees on timberland by county and species group

37. Average annual removals of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group

38. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber

on timberland by species

39. Average annual removals of growing stock on

timberland by species and diameter class

40. Average annual mortality of live trees, growing

stock, and sawtimber on timberland by species

41. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of growing stock on timberland by

ownership class and species group

42. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of live trees on timberland by ownership

class and species group

43. Average net annual growth and average annual

removals of sawtimber on timberland by ownership

class and species group

44. Average net annual growth of growing stock on

timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and

species group

45. Average annual removals of growing stock on

timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and

species group

46. Fresh weight of live trees on timberland by ownership class, species group, and tree component

47. Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and

retained in timberland by treatment or disturbance

and ownership class

48. Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and

retained in timberland by treatment or disturbance

and forest management type

49. Area of timberland regenerated annually by type of

regeneration and forest management type
17

Table 1—Land area by county and land class, North Alabama, 2000

Forest land

 Total land Total Productive Other

County areaa forest Timberland reserved Other landb

 Thousand acres

Colbert 380.5 227.2 225.5 1.6 — 153.4 

De Kalb 497.9 241.8 235.4 6.3 — 256.1 

Franklin 406.8 296.5 296.5 — — 110.3 

Jackson 690.4 451.0 450.7 0.3 — 239.4 

Lauderdale 428.5 202.0 200.9 1.1 — 226.5 

Lawrence 443.8 218.1 194.4 23.8 — 225.7 

Limestone 363.6 109.6 108.9 0.7 — 254.0 

Madison 515.2 180.9 180.9 — — 334.3 

Marshall 363.0 177.4 177.4 — — 185.5 

Morgan 372.6 175.7 175.2 0.5 — 196.9 

 Total 4,462.3 2,280.2 2,246.0 34.3 — 2,182.1 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a From the U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1990.

b Includes 34.5 thousand acres of water according to Forest Inventory and Analysis standards of area 

classification, but defined by the Bureau of Census as land.

Table 2—Area of forest land by forest-type group and ownership class, North Alabama, 2000

Ownership class

 All National Miscellaneous County and Forest Nonindustrial

Forest-type group classes forest Federal State municipal industry private

Thousand acres

Loblolly–shortleaf pine 287.2 11.5 5.8 3.6 — 40.0 226.3 

Oak–pine 350.2 37.6 11.4 — 1.4 21.6 278.2 

Oak–hickory 1,380.9 40.7 41.0 35.1 4.3 65.3 1,194.5 

Oak–gum–cypress 220.1 — 51.6 — — 1.4 167.1 

Elm–ash–cottonwood 41.9 — 0.9 — — 5.4 35.5 

 Total 2,280.2 89.8 110.7 38.6 5.8 133.7 1,901.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding. 

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
18

Table 3—Area of timberland by county and ownership class, North Alabama, 2000

Ownership class

 All National Miscellaneous County and Forest Nonindustrial private

County classes forest Federal State municipal industry Corporate Individual

Thousand acres

Colbert 225.5 — — 12.2 — 6.1 8.0 199.2 

De Kalb 235.4 — — 6.1 — 12.2 6.1 211.0 

Franklin 296.5 1.2 5.4 — — 64.8 28.5 196.6 

Jackson 450.7 — 22.9 14.2 — 37.4 34.0 342.3 

Lauderdale 200.9 — — — — 12.0 — 189.0 

Lawrence 194.4 64.9 3.8 — — 1.3 5.0 119.4 

Limestone 108.9 — 17.2 — — — — 91.7 

Madison 180.9 — 31.8 2.6 1.4 — 5.8 139.3 

Marshall 177.4 — 5.8 3.6 4.3 — — 163.8 

Morgan 175.2 — 13.3 — — — — 161.9 

 Total 2,246.0 66.1 100.2 38.6 5.8 133.7 87.4 1,814.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 4—Area of timberland by county and forest-type group, North Alabama, 2000

Forest-type group

All Loblolly– Oak– Oak– Oak–gum– Elm–ash–

County groups shortleaf pine hickory cypress cottonwood Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Colbert 225.5 26.5 31.3 140.1 21.5 6.1 — 

De Kalb 235.4 62.2 33.5 137.9 — 1.9 — 

Franklin 296.5 60.3 45.1 174.9 5.4 10.8 — 

Jackson 450.7 20.1 49.7 355.0 26.0 — — 

Lauderdale 200.9 24.3 36.5 115.8 19.8 4.5 — 

Lawrence 194.4 25.9 59.3 82.0 27.2 — — 

Limestone 108.9 — 6.3 58.9 39.0 4.7 — 

Madison 180.9 7.2 26.0 96.7 38.2 12.7 — 

Marshall 177.4 29.0 31.7 115.7 — 1.1 — 

Morgan 175.2 25.8 24.9 82.0 42.5 — — 

 Total 2,246.0 281.3 344.3 1,359.0 219.6 41.9 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
19

Table 5—Area of timberland by county and stand-size class, North Alabama, 2000

Stand-size class

 All SaplingCounty classes Sawtimber Poletimber seedling Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Colbert 225.5 73.3 59.7 92.6 — 

De Kalb 235.4 88.0 79.8 67.7 — 

Franklin 296.5 65.3 55.9 175.3 — 

Jackson 450.7 258.5 84.0 108.3 — 

Lauderdale 200.9 82.2 30.8 88.0 — 

Lawrence 194.4 94.6 38.8 61.0 — 

Limestone 108.9 64.6 15.2 29.0 — 

Madison 180.9 118.1 23.5 39.3 — 

Marshall 177.4 107.5 20.1 49.8 — 

Morgan 175.2 97.9 28.7 48.6 — 

 Total 2,246.0 1,049.8 436.6 759.6 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 6—Area of timberland by county and site class, North Alabama, 2000

 All Site class (cubic feet/acre/year)

County classes 20-49 50-84 85-119 120-164 >165

Thousand acres

Colbert 225.5 18.4 80.8 91.4 16.6 18.3 

De Kalb 235.4 30.8 125.8 52.9 21.4 4.6 

Franklin 296.5 13.5 148.6 77.5 51.5 5.4 

Jackson 450.7 97.2 210.0 91.8 40.7 11.0 

Lauderdale 200.9 33.1 105.2 58.4 4.3 — 

Lawrence 194.4 27.2 89.4 57.3 20.4 — 

Limestone 108.9 — 31.9 47.6 24.9 4.6 

Madison 180.9 23.1 55.9 63.5 38.3 — 

Marshall 177.4 21.6 82.4 46.8 26.6 — 

Morgan 175.2 20.4 69.8 50.0 35.0 — 

 Total 2,246.0 285.1 999.8 637.3 279.8 43.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
20

Table 7—Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees, 

North Alabama, 2000

 All Stocking class (percent) 

County classes <16.7 16.7-59 60-99 100-130 >130

Thousand acres

Colbert 225.5 10.8 22.9 112.4 59.6 19.8 

De Kalb 235.4 1.7 43.7 115.5 60.8 13.7 

Franklin 296.5 5.4 48.3 109.0 117.9 16.0 

Jackson 450.7 2.3 97.2 215.5 111.1 24.6 

Lauderdale 200.9 12.9 36.0 93.8 36.5 21.8 

Lawrence 194.4 7.7 30.7 67.2 80.1 8.7 

Limestone 108.9 1.8 7.0 67.7 31.1 1.4 

Madison 180.9 7.2 31.2 76.9 52.6 13.0 

Marshall 177.4 7.2 19.6 73.2 61.3 16.2 

Morgan 175.2 6.0 20.4 64.3 68.3 16.3 

 Total 2,246.0 63.0 356.8 995.4 679.3 151.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table 8—Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and ownership class,

North Alabama, 2000

Ownership class

Forest-type group All National Other Forest Nonindustrial

and stand origin classes forest public industry private

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 Loblolly–shortleaf pine

 Planted 92.6 0.5 5.8 36.7 49.6 

 Natural 188.7 5.1 3.6 3.3 176.7 

 Total 281.3 5.6 9.3 40.0 226.3 

 Total softwoods 281.3 5.6 9.3 40.0 226.3 

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine

 Planted 55.8 10.7 2.7 16.3 26.0 

 Natural 288.5 20.9 10.1 5.3 252.1 

 Total 344.3 31.7 12.8 21.6 278.2 

 Oak–hickory 1,359.0 28.8 70.3 65.3 1,194.5 

 Oak–gum–cypress 219.6 — 51.1 1.4 167.1 

 Elm–ash–cottonwood 41.9 — 0.9 5.4 35.5 

 Total hardwoods 1,964.7 60.5 135.2 93.7 1,675.3 

Nonstocked — — — — — 

All groups 66.1 2,246.0 144.5 133.7 1,901.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
21

Table 9—Area of timberland by forest-type group, detailed forest type, and ownership class,

North Alabama, 2000

Ownership class

Forest-type group All National Other Forest Nonindustrial

and detailed forest type classes forest public industry private

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 Loblolly–shortleaf

 Loblolly pine 180.4 5.6 9.3 40.0 125.5 

 Shortleaf pine 11.6 — — — 11.6 

 Virginia pine 87.8 — — — 87.8 

 Eastern redcedar 1.4 — — — 1.4 

 Total 281.3 5.6 9.3 40.0 226.3 

 Total softwoods 281.3 5.6 9.3 40.0 226.3 

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine

 White pine–n. red oak–white ash 3.8 3.8 — — — 

 Eastern redcedar–hardwood 80.8 5.6 4.3 — 70.9 

 Shortleaf pine–oak 28.5 — — — 28.5 

 Virginia pine–s. red oak 46.4 1.4 — — 45.0 

 Loblolly pine–hardwood 184.8 20.9 8.5 21.6 133.8 

 Total 344.3 31.7 12.8 21.6 278.2 

 Oak–hickory

 Post oak–black oak 32.9 — 0.2 — 32.7 

 Chestnut oak 86.0 5.6 14.6 — 65.8 

 White oak–red oak–hickory 301.4 18.1 13.3 37.3 232.6 

 White oak 23.9 0.3 — — 23.6 

 Yellow-poplar–white oak–n. red oak 56.4 — 5.7 5.4 45.3 

 Sweetgum–yellow-poplar 96.3 — — 1.5 94.7 

 Mixed hardwood 762.2 4.8 36.6 21.1 699.7 

 Total 1,359.0 28.8 70.3 65.3 1,194.5 

 Oak–gum–cypress

 Swamp chestnut oak–cherrybark oak 25.4 — 5.3 — 20.1 

 Sweetgum–water oak–willow oak 113.0 — 26.7 — 86.2 

 Sugarberry–elm–green ash 64.7 — 7.5 — 57.2 

 Cypress–water tupelo 11.6 — 11.6 — — 

 Sweetbay–blackgum–red maple 4.9 — — 1.4 3.6 

 Total 219.6 — 51.1 1.4 167.1 

 Elm–ash–cottonwood

 River birch–sycamore 21.8 — 0.9 — 20.9 

 Willow 10.2 — — — 10.2 

 Sycamore–pecan–elm 9.8 — — 5.4 4.4 

 Total 41.9 — 0.9 5.4 35.5 

 Total hardwoods 1,964.7 60.5 135.2 93.7 1,675.3 

Nonstocked — — — — — 

All groups 66.1 2,246.0 144.5 133.7 1,901.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
22

Table 10—Area of timberland by ownership and stocking class of growing-stock trees,

North Alabama, 2000

 All Stocking class (percent) 

Ownership class classes <16.7 16.7-59 60-99 100-130 >130

Thousand acres

National forest 66.1 — 6.5 26.5 25.6 7.5 

Other public 144.5 7.1 20.8 76.7 37.1 2.8 

Forest industry 133.7 1.4 19.9 42.0 48.0 22.5 

Nonindustrial private 1,901.6 54.6 309.6 850.1 568.6 118.6 

 All ownerships 2,246.0 63.0 356.8 995.4 679.3 151.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 11—Area of timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and stand-size class,

North Alabama, 2000

Stand-size class

Forest-type group All Saplingand stand origin classes Sawtimber Poletimber seedling Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 Loblolly–shortleaf pine

 Planted 92.6 10.1 33.7 48.8 — 

 Natural 188.7 117.2 24.3 47.2 — 

 Total 281.3 127.3 57.9 96.0 — 

 Total softwoods 281.3 127.3 57.9 96.0 — 

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine

 Planted 55.8 3.8 6.9 45.1 — 

 Natural 288.5 90.7 76.8 121.0 — 

 Total 344.3 94.5 83.8 166.0 — 

 Oak–hickory 1,359.0 678.2 245.3 435.5 — 

 Oak–gum–cypress 219.6 131.6 46.5 41.5 — 

 Elm–ash–cottonwood 41.9 18.3 3.0 20.6 — 

 Total hardwoods 1,964.7 922.5 378.6 663.6 — 

Nonstocked — — — — — 

All groups 1,049.8 2,246.0 436.6 759.6 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
23

Table 12—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, all ownerships,

North Alabama, 2000

Forest management type

Stand-age All Pine Natural Oak– Upland Lowland 

class types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0-10 429.4 46.5 32.0 102.2 196.3 52.4 — 

11-20 170.1 32.5 8.4 19.4 96.6 13.2 — 

21-30 99.8 — 23.0 27.2 37.2 12.3 — 

31-40 158.8 6.6 24.3 29.0 76.7 22.2 — 

41-50 435.9 — 63.2 82.9 234.7 55.1 — 

51-60 371.7 7.0 17.5 51.6 229.6 65.9 — 

61-70 214.3 — 16.0 11.8 173.8 12.7 — 

71-80 152.0 — — 4.2 125.0 22.8 — 

81+ 214.1 — 4.2 16.0 189.0 4.8 — 

 All classes 2,246.0 92.6 188.7 344.3 1,359.0 261.4 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 13—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, public ownerships,

North Alabama, 2000

Forest management type

Stand-age All Pine Natural Oak– Upland Lowland 

class types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0-10 22.7 — — 4.5 9.8 8.5 — 

11-20 5.7 — — 5.7 — — — 

21-30 9.8 — — 9.8 — — — 

31-40 4.7 0.5 — 4.2 — — — 

41-50 11.0 — 0.9 9.2 — 0.9 — 

51-60 45.0 5.8 3.6 1.4 16.9 17.3 — 

61-70 31.6 — — — 26.3 5.3 — 

71-80 42.6 — — 4.2 23.2 15.2 — 

81+ 37.5 — 4.2 5.6 23.0 4.8 — 

 All classes 210.6 6.3 8.7 44.5 99.1 52.0 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
24

Table 14—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, forest industry

ownerships, North Alabama, 2000

Forest management type

Stand-age All Pine Natural Oak– Upland Lowland 

class types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0-10 49.5 24.3 3.3 14.9 7.0 — — 

11-20 12.7 11.1 — 1.5 — — — 

21-30 2.7 — — 1.4 — 1.4 — 

31-40 11.1 — — — 5.7 5.4 — 

41-50 9.2 — — 3.8 5.4 — — 

51-60 17.9 1.3 — — 16.6 — — 

61-70 13.3 — — — 13.3 — — 

71-80 6.0 — — — 6.0 — — 

81+ 11.3 — — — 11.3 — — 

 All classes 133.7 36.7 3.3 21.6 65.3 6.8 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 15—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, nonindustrial private 

ownerships, North Alabama, 2000

Forest management type

Stand-age All Pine Natural Oak– Upland Lowland 

class types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Years Thousand acres

0-10 357.1 22.2 28.7 82.8 179.6 43.9 — 

11-20 151.7 21.4 8.4 12.1 96.6 13.2 — 

21-30 87.4 — 23.0 16.1 37.2 11.0 — 

31-40 143.0 6.1 24.3 24.8 71.0 16.8 — 

41-50 415.6 — 62.3 70.0 229.3 54.1 — 

51-60 308.8 — 14.0 50.2 196.1 48.6 — 

61-70 169.4 — 16.0 11.8 134.2 7.4 — 

71-80 103.4 — — — 95.7 7.7 — 

81+ 165.2 — — 10.5 154.7 — — 

 All classes 1,901.6 49.6 176.7 278.2 1,194.5 202.6 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
25

Table 16—Area of nonindustrial private timberland by ownership, forested tract-size class, and

forest management type, North Alabama, 2000

Forest management type

Ownership and forested All Pine Natural Oak– Upland Lowland

tract-size class types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Acres Thousand acres

Individual

 10 104.2 — 10.1 3.6 82.2 8.4 — 

11-50 541.0 1.1 69.5 75.5 315.8 79.1 — 

51-100 390.5 10.2 29.5 59.3 237.4 54.2 — 

101-200 390.5 9.2 34.8 73.6 238.3 34.5 — 

201-500 241.1 16.1 4.7 12.4 181.8 26.0 — 

501 146.9 8.8 14.4 48.1 75.2 0.4 — 

 Total 1,814.2 45.6 162.9 272.5 1,130.6 202.6 — 

Corporate

 10 — — — — — — — 

11-50 11.4 — — — 11.4 — — 

51-100 11.3 — 5.7 — 5.7 — — 

101-200 12.3 — 5.4 — 6.9 — — 

201-500 40.5 4.1 2.7 5.7 28.1 — — 

501 11.8 — — — 11.8 — — 

 Total 87.4 4.1 13.8 5.7 63.9 — — 

All nonindustrial private

 10 104.2 — 10.1 3.6 82.2 8.4 — 

11-50 552.5 1.1 69.5 75.5 327.2 79.1 — 

51-100 401.9 10.2 35.2 59.3 243.0 54.2 — 

101-200 402.8 9.2 40.2 73.6 245.2 34.5 — 

201-500 281.6 20.2 7.5 18.1 209.9 26.0 — 

501 158.7 8.8 14.4 48.1 87.0 0.4 — 

 Total 1,901.6 49.6 176.7 278.2 1,194.5 202.6 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
26

Table 17—Number of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, North Alabama, 2000

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

 All 1.0- 3.0- 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0-

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9

Thousand trees

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 8,649 1,607 889 1,419 1,780 1,230 991 530 67 67 — 69 — 

 Loblolly pine 78,383 26,981 17,494 12,252 8,861 5,819 2,646 1,899 1,209 557 270 292 103 

 Virginia pine 91,244 59,411 16,033 5,624 4,067 3,036 1,631 1,216 148 — — 78 — 

 Eastern white pine 68 — — — — — 34 — 34 — — — — 

 Eastern hemlock 1,177 814 — 66 33 165 66 33 — — — — — 

 Baldcypress 210 — — 140 — — 35 — — — — 35 — 

 Redcedars 46,451 25,635 8,800 5,922 3,052 1,896 687 258 99 68 34 — — 

 Total softwoods 226,182 114,448 43,216 25,423 17,793 12,146 6,090 3,936 1,557 692 304 474 103 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 67,686 26,063 15,477 7,790 4,942 4,256 3,249 2,201 1,768 813 613 451 63 

 Select red oaks 16,793 4,444 3,350 2,113 1,029 1,534 1,231 997 661 504 536 330 64 

 Other white oaks 61,049 25,077 12,032 7,040 5,355 3,725 2,934 2,170 1,009 715 489 503 — 

 Other red oaks 83,311 42,576 14,928 5,950 5,299 4,561 3,262 2,184 1,747 1,045 799 802 158 

 Hickory 117,829 68,536 18,136 9,420 7,766 5,300 4,089 2,358 1,215 576 304 129 — 

 Hard maple 43,594 26,351 10,289 3,510 1,554 735 607 339 67 108 34 — — 

 Soft maple 111,252 87,061 12,744 5,280 2,772 1,122 1,054 435 229 169 104 179 103 

 Beech 13,082 10,715 844 649 205 96 97 107 104 138 30 67 30 

 Sweetgum 87,836 47,138 20,139 7,742 4,031 3,550 2,222 1,484 765 371 198 196 — 

 Tupelo and blackgum 57,469 42,498 8,180 2,761 1,324 1,212 639 485 231 105 34 — — 

 Ash 62,850 39,459 12,077 4,334 2,902 1,905 923 550 280 213 70 137 — 

 Cottonwood 369 — 301 33 — — — — — — — 35 — 

 Basswood 2,133 — 1,151 343 172 203 34 98 64 34 — 34 — 

 Yellow-poplar 42,948 25,313 6,162 3,969 1,768 1,974 1,459 775 440 475 154 399 60 

 Bay and magnolia 3,713 3,289 — 218 37 — 99 70 — — — — — 

 Black cherry 37,644 26,761 6,303 2,310 1,174 499 234 235 61 — — 67 — 

 Black walnut 1,803 431 407 263 378 33 92 99 34 37 — 29 — 

 Sycamore 1,447 301 — 206 263 207 171 66 99 68 33 33 — 

 Black locust 4,887 3,046 850 446 136 273 — 67 34 35 — — — 

 Elm 85,102 65,416 13,572 3,668 1,233 488 395 164 — 72 30 64 — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 329,510 246,459 55,842 15,601 6,525 2,520 992 633 285 265 255 133 — 

 Total hardwoods 1,232,307 790,934 212,784 83,646 48,865 34,193 23,783 15,517 9,093 5,743 3,683 3,588 478 

All species 905,382 1,458,489 256,000 109,069 66,658 46,339 29,873 19,453 10,650 6,435 3,987 4,062 581 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell.

larger

29.0 and
27

Table 18—Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, North Alabama, 2000

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

 All 1.0- 3.0- 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0-

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9

Thousand trees

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 7,923 1,248 889 1,178 1,722 1,230 991 493 36 67 — 69 — 

 Loblolly pine 66,955 21,957 14,151 10,922 8,084 5,264 2,513 1,741 1,175 520 270 255 103 

 Virginia pine 62,204 37,634 11,243 4,430 3,575 2,754 1,446 967 111 — — 44 — 

 Eastern white pine 68 — — — — — 34 — 34 — — — — 

 Eastern hemlock 737 407 — 66 — 165 66 33 — — — — — 

 Baldcypress 70 — — — — — 35 — — — — 35 — 

 Redcedars 30,375 17,329 5,436 3,346 2,051 1,494 386 200 99 34 — — — 

 Total softwoods 168,332 78,575 31,719 19,942 15,432 10,907 5,471 3,434 1,455 621 270 403 103 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 44,940 11,373 11,389 6,282 4,125 3,773 2,974 1,853 1,602 671 511 387 — 

 Select red oaks 13,110 2,777 2,467 1,782 925 1,466 1,100 829 626 340 438 296 64 

 Other white oaks 40,692 10,813 9,810 5,609 4,668 3,341 2,491 1,767 830 608 350 405 — 

 Other red oaks 47,017 14,544 10,428 5,064 4,309 4,033 2,854 1,980 1,440 940 632 666 127 

 Hickory 74,447 34,659 12,879 7,461 6,648 4,918 3,704 2,154 1,152 542 232 98 — 

 Hard maple 17,963 6,742 5,873 2,698 1,222 575 441 310 33 35 34 — — 

 Soft maple 33,161 20,553 6,095 2,916 1,594 744 547 305 165 68 35 70 69 

 Beech 3,765 2,852 — 373 103 96 62 70 104 71 — 34 — 

 Sweetgum 53,260 23,388 13,397 5,751 3,125 2,828 1,983 1,386 736 307 198 161 — 

 Tupelo and blackgum 26,952 16,261 5,967 1,786 946 967 381 308 231 71 34 — — 

 Ash 26,142 13,396 4,304 2,959 2,259 1,531 827 412 176 141 70 67 — 

 Cottonwood 369 — 301 33 — — — — — — — 35 — 

 Basswood 1,538 — 792 205 172 105 34 98 64 34 — 34 — 

 Yellow-poplar 35,451 19,598 5,374 3,626 1,536 1,839 1,355 701 368 475 154 365 60 

 Bay and magnolia 3,273 2,849 — 218 37 — 99 70 — — — — — 

 Black cherry 12,794 7,113 3,394 1,251 517 190 165 103 61 — — — — 

 Black walnut 472 — — 100 178 33 62 99 — — — — — 

 Sycamore 1,119 301 — 140 131 170 141 33 69 68 33 33 — 

 Black locust 1,465 888 — 238 102 135 — 33 34 35 — — — 

 Elm 26,005 15,931 6,416 2,057 798 335 238 164 — 37 — 29 — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 80,236 48,780 19,127 6,077 3,151 1,346 698 368 213 229 148 99 — 

 Total hardwoods 544,171 252,818 118,013 56,626 36,546 28,425 20,156 13,043 7,904 4,672 2,869 2,779 320 

All species 331,393 712,503 149,732 76,568 51,978 39,332 25,627 16,477 9,359 5,293 3,139 3,182 423 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell.

29.0 and

larger
28

Table 19—Volume of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, North Alabama, 2000

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

 All 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 81.5 4.2 12.5 16.6 20.4 16.0 2.3 3.2 — 6.4 — 

 Loblolly pine 394.6 24.1 50.3 65.4 54.2 53.8 48.9 32.1 19.8 25.8 20.0 

 Virginia pine 159.8 17.8 27.5 37.6 31.5 34.3 5.1 — — 6.1 — 

 Eastern white pine 2.1 — — — 0.8 — 1.3 — — — — 

 Eastern hemlock 4.3 0.1 0.1 1.8 1.1 1.1 — — — — — 

 Baldcypress 3.8 0.4 — — 1.0 — — — — 2.5 — 

 Redcedars 69.1 14.0 15.4 17.2 10.0 5.2 3.0 2.6 1.6 — — 

 Total softwoods 715.2 60.6 105.8 138.6 119.0 110.4 60.6 38.0 21.5 40.7 20.0 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 419.9 22.3 32.6 50.0 60.9 58.0 67.7 40.5 38.0 42.5 7.4 

 Select red oaks 193.3 6.1 6.8 19.3 24.1 24.2 23.2 21.8 28.4 27.9 11.5 

 Other white oaks 339.4 19.4 34.7 42.8 53.2 56.5 34.8 33.4 26.3 38.4 — 

 Other red oaks 466.7 16.9 32.8 50.6 59.2 55.8 62.0 46.8 43.8 66.8 31.9 

 Hickory 374.8 22.0 46.3 59.0 77.3 65.4 44.1 28.9 19.8 12.0 — 

 Hard maple 61.1 11.4 11.0 8.0 12.0 9.4 2.0 4.4 2.9 — — 

 Soft maple 107.8 14.7 16.6 10.6 16.0 9.3 7.9 7.3 4.3 10.4 10.5 

 Beech 30.1 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.7 2.3 4.0 5.9 1.9 4.9 4.8 

 Sweetgum 272.7 20.3 26.7 45.5 47.9 46.8 33.9 20.2 15.1 16.2 — 

 Tupelo and blackgum 60.7 7.2 7.0 12.4 9.9 11.4 7.2 3.9 1.7 — — 

 Ash 111.0 12.0 18.0 22.0 17.0 13.9 8.3 8.5 4.7 6.5 — 

 Cottonwood 1.8 0.2 — — — — — — — 1.6 — 

 Basswood 15.8 1.1 1.3 2.2 0.8 2.3 2.2 2.1 — 3.8 — 

 Yellow-poplar 209.9 12.4 12.0 25.4 28.4 22.7 18.4 26.0 12.8 40.2 11.6 

 Bay and magnolia 4.3 0.7 0.2 — 1.7 1.8 — — — — — 

 Black cherry 33.6 5.7 7.0 4.9 4.2 5.6 2.8 — — 3.5 — 

 Black walnut 9.2 0.6 1.8 0.4 1.3 2.2 0.3 1.6 — 0.9 — 

 Sycamore 21.3 0.7 1.9 2.8 3.4 1.6 3.1 3.9 2.1 1.8 — 

 Black locust 9.1 1.2 0.8 2.7 — 1.3 1.4 1.6 — — — 

 Elm 42.4 9.8 6.8 5.6 6.6 4.1 — 2.4 2.0 5.2 — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 161.3 33.7 33.6 23.8 16.9 13.5 8.8 11.6 10.2 9.2 — 

 Total hardwoods 2,946.0 220.5 299.5 388.8 442.4 408.1 332.1 271.1 213.9 291.9 77.7 

All species 281.1 3,661.2 405.3 527.4 561.4 518.5 392.6 309.0 235.4 332.6 97.8 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
29

Table 20—Volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, North Alabama, 2000

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

 All 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 78.8 3.7 12.1 16.6 20.4 15.1 1.3 3.2 — 6.4 — 

 Loblolly pine 375.4 22.0 47.0 61.5 52.6 50.6 47.8 30.5 19.8 23.5 20.0 

 Virginia pine 138.5 14.7 24.9 34.9 28.7 28.1 3.8 — — 3.2 — 

 Eastern white pine 2.1 — — — 0.8 — 1.3 — — — — 

 Eastern hemlock 4.2 0.1 — 1.8 1.1 1.1 — — — — — 

 Baldcypress 3.5 — — — 1.0 — — — — 2.5 — 

 Redcedars 47.4 8.3 10.9 13.6 6.0 4.2 3.0 1.4 — — — 

 Total softwoods 649.8 48.8 95.0 128.5 110.6 99.1 57.3 35.0 19.8 35.6 20.0 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 373.4 18.9 28.8 45.8 57.8 50.7 63.6 34.0 34.6 39.1 — 

 Select red oaks 178.5 5.2 6.4 18.7 23.1 21.0 23.1 17.0 26.4 26.1 11.5 

 Other white oaks 293.5 16.2 30.7 39.3 46.7 47.7 29.4 30.3 22.3 30.9 — 

 Other red oaks 421.7 14.7 28.5 46.3 54.0 52.3 53.1 43.3 40.1 61.6 27.7 

 Hickory 346.4 18.6 41.4 56.0 72.0 61.1 42.8 28.4 15.6 10.6 — 

 Hard maple 49.2 8.8 8.6 6.9 9.9 9.1 1.1 1.9 2.9 — — 

 Soft maple 69.0 8.9 10.9 7.9 9.4 6.5 5.5 3.8 1.6 5.6 8.8 

 Beech 16.6 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.6 4.0 3.9 — 2.9 — 

 Sweetgum 246.8 16.4 22.4 38.8 44.3 43.7 33.0 17.9 15.1 15.2 — 

 Tupelo and blackgum 47.0 5.0 5.2 10.2 6.5 8.1 7.2 3.1 1.7 — — 

 Ash 90.7 8.7 14.2 18.8 15.3 10.9 6.0 6.8 4.7 5.3 — 

 Cottonwood 1.8 0.2 — — — — — — — 1.6 — 

 Basswood 14.3 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.8 2.3 2.2 2.1 — 3.8 — 

 Yellow-poplar 199.2 11.7 10.7 23.8 26.5 21.3 16.4 26.0 12.8 38.4 11.6 

 Bay and magnolia 4.3 0.7 0.2 — 1.7 1.8 — — — — — 

 Black cherry 18.4 3.5 3.7 2.1 3.0 3.3 2.8 — — — — 

 Black walnut 4.9 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.9 2.2 — — — — — 

 Sycamore 18.1 0.5 1.1 2.4 3.1 0.8 2.5 3.9 2.1 1.8 — 

 Black locust 6.7 0.7 0.5 1.6 — 0.9 1.4 1.6 — — — 

 Elm 28.0 5.8 4.7 4.1 4.2 4.1 — 1.7 — 3.5 — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 105.7 16.1 18.5 15.1 13.0 9.4 7.3 10.4 7.7 8.2 — 

 Total hardwoods 2,534.5 162.9 239.9 340.3 393.1 358.8 301.3 236.3 187.6 254.7 59.6 

All species 211.7 3,184.3 334.9 468.8 503.7 457.9 358.6 271.3 207.5 290.2 79.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
30

Table 21—Volume in the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees on timberland by species and diameter class,

North Alabama, 2000

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

 All 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 57.1 13.3 18.6 14.4 1.3 3.1 — 6.3 — 

 Loblolly pine 282.5 48.2 47.4 47.8 46.5 30.0 19.6 23.3 19.8 

 Virginia pine 86.9 28.1 25.8 26.2 3.6 — — 3.1 — 

 Eastern white pine 2.0 — 0.7 — 1.3 — — — — 

 Eastern hemlock 3.4 1.4 0.9 1.0 — — — — — 

 Baldcypress 3.2 — 0.9 — — — — 2.4 — 

 Redcedars 24.3 10.9 5.4 3.9 2.9 1.3 — — — 

 Total softwoods 459.4 101.9 99.6 93.4 55.5 34.4 19.6 35.1 19.8 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 239.0 — 41.5 41.8 55.8 30.8 32.1 37.0 — 

 Select red oaks 127.3 — 16.3 16.6 19.7 15.1 24.3 24.0 11.3 

 Other white oaks 175.5 — 34.2 39.0 25.7 27.4 20.5 28.8 — 

 Other red oaks 288.3 — 38.6 42.9 46.5 39.0 36.8 57.9 26.7 

 Hickory 189.7 — 52.5 50.0 37.2 25.7 14.4 10.0 — 

 Hard maple 20.0 — 7.1 7.5 0.9 1.8 2.7 — — 

 Soft maple 34.7 — 6.6 5.1 4.7 3.4 1.5 5.2 8.4 

 Beech 11.5 — 0.8 1.3 3.4 3.4 — 2.6 — 

 Sweetgum 142.6 — 31.3 36.1 29.4 16.7 14.4 14.8 — 

 Tupelo and blackgum 21.6 — 4.6 6.6 6.2 2.8 1.5 — — 

 Ash 40.5 — 10.9 8.8 5.2 6.2 4.4 5.0 — 

 Cottonwood 1.6 — — — — — — 1.6 — 

 Basswood 9.9 — 0.5 1.9 2.0 1.9 — 3.6 — 

 Yellow-poplar 135.2 — 18.2 17.7 14.5 24.0 12.1 37.2 11.5 

 Bay and magnolia 2.7 — 1.2 1.5 — — — — — 

 Black cherry 7.4 — 2.2 2.8 2.4 — — — — 

 Black walnut 2.4 — 0.7 1.7 — — — — — 

 Sycamore 11.6 — 2.0 0.6 2.0 3.4 1.9 1.7 — 

 Black locust 3.3 — — 0.7 1.2 1.4 — — — 

 Elm 10.9 — 3.0 3.3 — 1.5 — 3.2 — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 44.8 — 9.1 7.4 6.1 8.4 6.4 7.5 — 

 Total hardwoods 1,520.5 — 281.2 293.0 262.9 212.6 172.9 239.9 57.8 

All species 101.9 1,979.9 380.9 386.4 318.4 247.0 192.6 275.0 77.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
31

Table 22—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species and diameter class, North Alabama, 2000

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

 All 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million board feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 300.8 62.0 92.8 77.5 7.5 18.9 — 42.2 — 

 Loblolly pine 1,607.6 224.0 239.0 261.4 271.9 184.3 126.0 155.8 145.3 

 Virginia pine 420.4 127.2 123.4 132.3 19.3 — — 18.2 — 

 Eastern white pine 10.8 — 3.5 — 7.3 — — — — 

 Eastern hemlock 16.5 6.4 4.5 5.5 — — — — — 

 Baldcypress 17.7 — 4.0 — — — — 13.8 — 

 Redcedars 129.1 54.4 28.3 21.6 16.8 7.9 — — — 

 Total softwoods 2,502.9 474.0 495.5 498.3 322.7 211.1 126.0 230.0 145.3 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 1,230.6 — 198.4 203.2 282.2 160.9 174.2 211.7 — 

 Select red oaks 701.8 — 77.4 80.6 101.3 81.9 141.0 141.3 78.4 

 Other white oaks 880.0 — 160.4 184.4 128.8 141.7 108.2 156.5 — 

 Other red oaks 1,591.9 — 192.9 214.1 240.0 208.8 207.8 349.2 179.2 

 Hickory 966.3 — 250.5 245.7 191.7 138.5 80.9 59.0 — 

 Hard maple 101.5 — 37.1 37.3 4.6 8.7 13.8 — — 

 Soft maple 185.4 — 31.6 24.4 23.4 17.3 7.7 29.5 51.6 

 Beech 52.6 — 3.7 6.1 15.7 15.3 — 11.8 — 

 Sweetgum 777.9 — 159.5 186.9 159.8 95.0 84.6 92.0 — 

 Tupelo and blackgum 105.2 — 21.2 31.3 30.6 14.1 8.0 — — 

 Ash 202.2 — 50.8 41.7 25.7 32.3 23.8 28.0 — 

 Cottonwood 9.5 — — — — — — 9.5 — 

 Basswood 51.6 — 2.5 9.2 9.8 10.0 — 20.1 — 

 Yellow-poplar 795.6 — 94.3 93.5 80.1 138.9 73.7 236.5 78.6 

 Bay and magnolia 12.7 — 5.7 7.0 — — — — — 

 Black cherry 37.2 — 10.4 14.0 12.8 — — — — 

 Black walnut 10.9 — 3.1 7.8 — — — — — 

 Sycamore 60.9 — 9.8 2.9 10.4 18.3 10.3 9.2 — 

 Black locust 15.0 — — 3.2 5.5 6.3 — — — 

 Elm 56.2 — 14.4 16.0 — 7.8 — 18.0 — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 250.5 — 45.3 38.1 33.2 49.4 40.9 43.7 — 

 Total hardwoods 8,095.8 — 1,369.1 1,447.2 1,355.6 1,145.2 974.9 1,416.1 387.7 

All species 474.0 10,598.7 1,864.7 1,945.5 1,678.4 1,356.3 1,100.9 1,646.1 533.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
32

Table 23—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species, size class, and tree grade, North Alabama, 2000

All size classes Trees 15.0 inches d.b.h.

 All Tree grade All Tree grade

Species grades 1 2 3 4 5 grades 1 2 3 4 5

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 300.8 122.4 66.5 107.3 — 4.7 68.6 17.7 17.4 33.4 — — 

 Loblolly pine 1,607.6 494.8 475.3 626.3 — 11.3 883.3 364.3 303.9 215.1 — — 

 Virginia pine 420.4 14.4 26.1 379.9 — — 37.5 — — 37.5 — — 

 Eastern white pine 10.8 — — 10.8 — — 7.3 — — 7.3 — — 

 Eastern hemlock 16.5 — 7.2 9.2 — — — — — — — — 

 Baldcypress 17.7 13.8 — 4.0 — — 13.8 13.8 — — — — 

 Redcedars 129.1 4.0 30.3 93.1 — 1.7 24.7 — 5.6 19.1 — — 

 Total softwoods 2,502.9 649.3 605.4 1,230.6 — 17.6 1,035.1 395.8 327.0 312.4 — — 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 1,230.6 335.3 389.6 434.9 49.0 21.9 829.1 335.3 294.1 167.2 10.6 21.9 

 Select red oaks 701.8 326.2 164.7 127.0 60.5 23.3 543.8 326.2 135.7 51.2 13.5 17.2 

 Other white oaks 880.0 206.1 225.8 299.1 97.4 51.8 535.3 206.1 136.9 114.0 38.4 40.1 

 Other red oaks 1,591.9 479.1 383.3 455.6 174.2 99.7 1,185.0 479.1 327.4 220.3 71.5 86.8 

 Hickory 966.3 134.4 291.7 379.0 101.9 59.4 470.1 134.4 172.7 87.9 26.9 48.3 

 Hard maple 101.5 — 3.4 56.4 37.4 4.3 27.2 — — 22.6 4.6 — 

 Soft maple 185.4 9.4 24.3 95.2 24.7 31.8 129.4 9.4 19.5 72.3 4.2 24.0 

 Beech 52.6 — 11.8 5.0 29.1 6.8 42.8 — 11.8 5.0 19.3 6.8 

 Sweetgum 777.9 148.9 246.5 306.2 11.3 65.0 431.5 148.9 145.3 101.2 — 36.0 

 Tupelo and blackgum 105.2 15.1 42.9 30.3 8.8 8.1 52.7 15.1 22.2 7.0 4.3 4.1 

 Ash 202.2 39.6 60.7 71.4 6.3 24.2 109.7 39.6 35.9 17.1 — 17.1 

 Cottonwood 9.5 — — 9.5 — — 9.5 — — 9.5 — — 

 Basswood 51.6 35.0 11.0 3.2 — 2.5 39.9 35.0 4.9 — — — 

 Yellow-poplar 795.6 290.4 143.5 283.2 59.4 19.1 607.8 290.4 107.1 159.2 36.9 14.3 

 Bay and magnolia 12.7 — — 12.7 — — — — — — — — 

 Black cherry 37.2 — 9.7 10.8 8.3 8.4 12.8 — 6.2 6.6 — — 

 Black walnut 10.9 — 5.5 5.4 — — — — — — — — 

 Sycamore 60.9 9.8 — 51.1 — — 48.1 9.8 — 38.4 — — 

 Black locust 15.0 5.5 6.3 3.2 — — 11.8 5.5 6.3 — — — 

 Elm 56.2 — 3.1 14.1 35.4 3.6 25.8 — — — 25.8 — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 250.5 64.6 73.0 82.6 20.2 10.2 167.1 64.6 43.9 35.9 16.3 6.5 

 Total hardwoods 8,095.8 2,099.1 2,096.7 2,735.9 724.0 440.0 5,279.5 2,099.1 1,470.0 1,115.3 272.1 323.0 

All species 2,748.4 10,598.7 2,702.1 3,966.5 724.0 457.6 6,314.6 2,494.9 1,796.9 1,427.7 272.1 323.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Million board feet
33

Table 24—Volume of growing stock on timberland by county and species group, North Alabama, 2000

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Colbert 267.8 54.6 54.6 — 213.2 67.8 145.3 

De Kalb 299.5 110.3 110.3 — 189.2 45.4 143.8 

Franklin 260.2 55.3 48.0 7.3 204.8 71.7 133.1 

Jackson 668.2 63.1 46.6 16.5 605.1 185.7 419.4 

Lauderdale 228.8 33.5 32.3 1.1 195.3 45.7 149.6 

Lawrence 340.8 105.0 92.0 12.9 235.8 67.7 168.1 

Limestone 206.9 9.1 8.9 0.3 197.8 63.6 134.1 

Madison 313.6 50.9 41.5 9.4 262.8 112.4 150.4 

Marshall 266.7 71.7 65.6 6.2 195.0 49.2 145.8 

Morgan 331.8 96.3 95.1 1.3 235.5 95.9 139.6 

 Total 3,184.3 649.8 594.7 55.0 2,534.5 805.3 1,729.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 25—Volume of live trees on timberland by county and species group, North Alabama, 2000

 Softwoods Hardwoods

All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Colbert 308.8 56.4 56.4 — 252.4 83.0 169.4 

De Kalb 355.8 129.5 129.5 0.0 226.2 62.4 163.8 

Franklin 295.7 60.1 51.9 8.3 235.6 87.1 148.4 

Jackson 786.3 80.5 53.0 27.5 705.8 216.8 489.0 

Lauderdale 259.9 36.9 35.1 1.8 223.0 62.1 160.8 

Lawrence 384.1 112.4 97.0 15.4 271.7 79.6 192.1 

Limestone 233.9 9.2 8.9 0.4 224.7 75.6 149.1 

Madison 363.1 54.5 41.5 13.0 308.6 136.1 172.5 

Marshall 306.1 75.1 67.1 8.0 231.0 64.9 166.1 

Morgan 367.5 100.4 97.5 2.9 267.2 108.1 159.0 

 Total 3,661.2 715.2 637.9 77.2 2,946.0 975.8 1,970.3 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
34

Table 26—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, North Alabama, 2000

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million board feet

Colbert 815.1 207.1 207.1 — 608.1 179.9 428.1 

De Kalb 827.7 364.6 364.6 — 463.1 96.5 366.6 

Franklin 780.2 134.7 110.7 24.0 645.5 234.6 410.9 

Jackson 2,096.0 176.3 142.1 34.2 1,919.7 576.0 1,343.7 

Lauderdale 761.7 149.6 144.5 5.1 612.1 134.5 477.6 

Lawrence 1,207.7 440.0 388.4 51.5 767.7 230.4 537.3 

Limestone 793.9 49.6 48.6 1.0 744.3 199.8 544.4 

Madison 1,165.7 276.9 243.0 33.9 888.8 385.5 503.3 

Marshall 942.8 284.1 275.4 8.6 658.7 145.0 513.7 

Morgan 1,207.8 420.1 415.2 4.9 787.8 314.4 473.3 

 Total 10,598.7 2,502.9 2,339.7 163.3 8,095.8 2,496.7 5,599.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 27—Volume of timber on timberland by class of timber and species group, North Alabama, 2000

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Class of timber species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Sawtimber trees

 Saw-log portion 1,979.9 459.4 428.4 30.9 1,520.5 453.4 1,067.1 

 Upper-stem portiona 46.6 317.4 41.8 4.7 270.9 82.0 188.9 

 Total 2,297.3 505.9 470.3 35.7 1,791.4 535.4 1,256.0 

Poletimber trees 143.8 887.0 124.5 19.3 743.1 269.9 473.3 

 All growing-stock trees 3,184.3 649.8 594.7 55.0 2,534.5 805.3 1,729.2 

Rough trees

 Sawtimber size 250.4 42.8 31.2 11.5 207.6 73.2 134.5 

 Poletimber size 185.0 22.6 12.0 10.6 162.4 81.7 80.7 

 Total 435.4 65.4 43.2 22.2 370.0 154.9 215.2 

Rotten trees

 Sawtimber size 38.2 — — — 38.2 14.2 24.0 

 Poletimber size 3.3 0.0 — 0.0 3.3 1.4 1.8 

 Total 41.5 0.0 — 0.0 41.5 15.6 25.9 

Salvable dead trees

 Sawtimber size 5.8 1.7 1.7 — 4.1 1.3 2.8 

 Poletimber size 3.3 1.6 1.6 — 1.6 — 1.6 

 Total 9.1 3.3 3.3 — 5.8 1.3 4.5 

All classes 718.5 3,670.3 641.3 77.2 2,951.8 977.1 1,974.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Includes cull sections in the saw-log portion.
35

Table 28—Volume of live and growing-stock trees on timberland by ownership class and species group,

North Alabama, 2000

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Live trees (million cubic feet)

National forest 175.2 56.6 51.5 5.1 118.6 21.6 97.0 

Other public 343.1 69.1 59.2 10.0 273.98 84.9 189.1 

Forest industry 140.0 19.0 17.2 1.7 121.03 32.9 88.1 

Nonindustrial private 3,002.9 570.5 510.1 60.4 2,432.40 836.4 1,596.0 

 All classes 3,661.2 715.2 637.9 77.2 2,946.02 975.8 1,970.3 

Growing-stock trees (million cubic feet)

National forest 162.4 55.1 50.1 5.1 107.2 20.8 86.4 

Other public 296.8 62.7 56.3 6.4 234.1 66.1 168.1 

Forest industry 127.7 18.1 16.4 1.7 109.6 30.1 79.5 

Nonindustrial private 2,597.3 513.8 472.0 41.8 2,083.5 688.3 1,395.3 

 All classes 3,184.3 649.8 594.7 55.0 2,534.5 805.3 1,729.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table 29—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by ownership class, species group, and size class,

North Alabama, 2000

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

All size classes (million board feet)

National forest 595.4 255.5 229.2 26.3 339.9 59.1 280.8 

Other public 1,277.8 342.2 317.9 24.3 935.7 221.9 713.8 

Forest industry 395.5 28.7 21.6 7.1 366.9 98.1 268.7 

Nonindustrial private 8,329.9 1,876.6 1,771.0 105.6 6,453.3 2,117.6 4,335.7 

 All classes 10,598.7 2,502.9 2,339.7 163.3 8,095.8 2,496.7 5,599.0 

Trees  15.0 inches d.b.h. (million board feet)

National forest 389.8 164.3 144.7 19.7 225.4 40.1 185.4 

Other public 1,000.6 241.3 227.6 13.8 759.3 160.9 598.5 

Forest industry 282.1 17.2 17.2 — 264.9 58.3 206.6 

Nonindustrial private 4,642.1 612.3 607.3 5.0 4,029.8 1,363.5 2,666.2 

 All classes 6,314.6 1,035.1 996.6 38.5 5,279.5 1,622.8 3,656.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
36

Table 30—Volume of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin, and species group,

North Alabama, 2000

Softwoods Hardwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origin species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Softwood types

 Loblolly–shortleaf pine

 Planted 65.0 60.5 60.5 — 4.4 3.6 0.8 

 Natural 343.2 289.5 289.1 0.4 53.6 23.6 30.0 

 Total 408.1 350.1 349.6 0.4 58.0 27.2 30.9 

 Total softwoods 408.1 350.1 349.6 0.4 58.0 27.2 30.9 

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine

 Planted 31.0 14.8 14.8 — 16.2 6.6 9.6 

 Natural 326.4 149.3 119.6 29.6 177.1 57.6 119.5 

 Total 357.4 164.1 134.5 29.6 193.4 64.2 129.1 

 Oak–hickory 1,913.0 94.9 76.2 18.7 1,818.1 457.6 1,360.5 

 Oak–gum–cypress 463.2 40.7 34.5 6.2 422.5 215.8 206.7 

 Elm–ash–cottonwood 42.6 — — — 42.6 40.5 2.0 

 Total hardwoods 2,776.1 299.7 245.1 54.6 2,476.5 778.1 1,698.4 

Nonstocked — — — — — — — 

All groups 649.8 3,184.3 594.7 55.0 2,534.5 805.3 1,729.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
37

Table 31—Average basal area of live trees per acre on timberland by ownership class, 

species group, and d.b.h., North Alabama, 2000

Ownership class All tree D.b.h. (inches)

and species group sizes 1.0-4.9 5.0-10.9 11.0-14.9 15.0

Square feet/acre

National forest

 Softwood 49.5 5.1 20.4 12.2 11.8 

 Hardwood 75.9 14.4 25.9 13.2 22.4 

 Total 125.4 19.4 46.3 25.4 34.2 

Other public

 Softwood 15.9 1.3 2.8 4.3 7.4 

 Hardwood 83.3 14.0 22.8 14.1 32.4 

 Total 99.2 15.4 25.5 18.4 39.9 

Forest industry

 Softwood 17.8 5.4 11.5 0.1 0.8 

 Hardwood 44.0 9.7 14.8 7.9 11.6 

 Total 61.8 15.1 26.3 8.1 12.4 

Nonindustrial private

 Softwood 17.1 2.5 7.8 4.2 2.7 

 Hardwood 69.0 13.3 22.0 15.1 18.7 

 Total 86.2 15.8 29.9 19.2 21.3 

All classes

 Softwood 18.2 2.7 8.1 4.2 3.2 

 Hardwood 68.7 13.2 21.8 14.5 19.3 

 Total 86.9 15.8 29.9 18.7 22.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table 32—Average net annual growth of growing stock on timberland by county and 

species group, North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Colbert 7.9 1.6 1.5 0.0 6.3 2.4 3.9 

De Kalb 10.6 2.3 2.3 — 8.3 2.2 6.1 

Franklin 20.6 7.9 7.8 0.0 12.8 6.8 6.0 

Jackson 23.2 3.5 2.8 0.6 19.7 7.3 12.4 

Lauderdale 10.4 2.7 2.7 — 7.7 1.6 6.2 

Lawrence 12.6 4.8 4.4 0.4 7.8 2.8 5.0 

Limestone 5.4 0.4 0.4 — 5.0 2.1 3.0 

Madison 12.9 3.6 2.9 0.7 9.3 4.5 4.8 

Marshall 9.3 2.8 2.5 0.3 6.5 2.5 4.0 

Morgan 13.6 5.6 5.6 0.0 8.0 3.7 4.3 

 Total 126.6 35.1 32.9 2.2 91.5 35.8 55.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
38

Table 33—Average net annual growth of live trees on timberland by county and species group,

North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Colbert 9.2 1.5 1.5 0.0 7.6 3.2 4.5 

De Kalb 12.6 2.8 2.7 0.1 9.7 3.2 6.5 

Franklin 22.9 8.2 8.2 0.0 14.6 8.2 6.4 

Jackson 25.3 3.7 2.8 0.8 21.6 8.2 13.4 

Lauderdale 11.0 3.2 3.2 — 7.8 1.9 6.0 

Lawrence 14.3 4.6 4.1 0.5 9.7 3.1 6.5 

Limestone 5.5 0.4 0.4 — 5.1 2.1 3.0 

Madison 15.6 3.9 2.9 1.0 11.7 5.4 6.4 

Marshall 10.1 2.8 2.5 0.3 7.3 2.6 4.7 

Morgan 13.9 5.6 5.6 0.0 8.3 3.7 4.6 

 Total 140.3 36.8 34.0 2.8 103.5 41.5 62.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 34—Average net annual growth of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group,

North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million board feet

Colbert 35.5 12.4 12.2 0.2 23.1 5.5 17.6 

De Kalb 42.4 14.8 14.8 — 27.5 6.4 21.1 

Franklin 56.4 13.0 12.9 0.1 43.4 22.0 21.4 

Jackson 82.4 11.9 9.8 2.1 70.5 19.0 51.5 

Lauderdale 44.8 12.9 12.9 — 31.9 6.4 25.5 

Lawrence 55.0 22.5 20.5 2.0 32.5 10.8 21.8 

Limestone 28.1 2.4 2.4 — 25.7 10.2 15.4 

Madison 56.9 17.7 14.0 3.7 39.1 18.0 21.2 

Marshall 47.2 20.9 20.2 0.7 26.4 11.3 15.1 

Morgan 71.2 31.6 31.6 0.1 39.6 20.0 19.5 

 Total 519.9 160.1 151.3 8.8 359.7 129.5 230.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
39

Table 35—Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by county and species group,

North Alabama, 1990–1999

 Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Colbert 9.5 3.6 3.4 0.2 6.0 2.1 3.9 

De Kalb 6.2 3.8 3.8 — 2.3 1.0 1.3 

Franklin 19.3 10.2 10.2 — 9.1 2.7 6.4 

Jackson 8.8 3.6 3.6 — 5.2 0.6 4.6 

Lauderdale 5.9 5.3 5.3 — 0.6 — 0.6 

Lawrence 5.5 3.0 3.0 — 2.5 0.9 1.6 

Limestone 1.4 0.5 0.5 — 1.0 0.4 0.6 

Madison 8.6 7.9 7.9 — 0.7 0.7 — 

Marshall 8.4 5.0 5.0 — 3.4 0.8 2.6 

Morgan 6.1 3.5 3.5 — 2.6 0.5 2.0 

 Total 79.8 46.5 46.3 0.2 33.3 9.7 23.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 36—Average annual removals of live trees on timberland by county and species group,

North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Colbert 12.0 4.0 3.8 0.2 7.9 2.3 5.6 

De Kalb 6.7 4.0 3.9 0.1 2.6 1.3 1.3 

Franklin 21.0 10.5 10.5 — 10.5 3.4 7.1 

Jackson 9.2 3.6 3.6 — 5.5 0.8 4.8 

Lauderdale 6.3 5.6 5.6 — 0.7 — 0.7 

Lawrence 5.7 3.0 3.0 — 2.7 0.9 1.8 

Limestone 1.5 0.5 0.5 — 1.1 0.5 0.6 

Madison 8.9 7.9 7.9 — 1.0 0.7 0.3 

Marshall 8.5 5.0 5.0 — 3.5 0.9 2.6 

Morgan 6.2 3.6 3.6 — 2.7 0.5 2.2 

 Total 85.9 47.8 47.5 0.3 38.1 11.4 26.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
40

Table 37—Average annual removals of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group,

North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million board feet

Colbert 23.9 9.3 8.3 0.9 14.6 4.6 10.1 

De Kalb 25.4 14.3 14.3 — 11.1 4.8 6.3 

Franklin 40.1 17.4 17.4 — 22.7 3.9 18.8 

Jackson 33.0 14.3 14.3 — 18.7 2.2 16.5 

Lauderdale 19.2 16.4 16.4 — 2.7 — 2.7 

Lawrence 21.1 11.9 11.9 — 9.1 4.0 5.2 

Limestone 6.1 2.1 2.1 — 3.9 1.6 2.4 

Madison 37.2 33.4 33.4 — 3.8 3.8 — 

Marshall 31.5 21.9 21.9 — 9.6 0.7 8.9 

Morgan 19.3 13.9 13.9 — 5.4 0.7 4.7 

 Total 256.7 155.0 154.1 0.9 101.7 26.3 75.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
41

Table 38—Average net annual growth and average annual removals of live trees, growing stock, and

sawtimber on timberland by species, North Alabama, 1990–1999

Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

 Net Net Net

 annual Annual annual Annual annual Annual

Species growth removals growth removals growth removals

Million cubic feet Million board feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 1.6 4.4 1.6 4.4 15.4 18.3 

 Loblolly pine 29.1 35.8 28.2 35.3 113.5 115.2 

 Virginia pine 2.8 7.2 2.5 6.5 18.6 20.5 

 Eastern white pine 0.5 — 0.5 — 3.7 — 

 Baldcypress 0.8 — 0.7 — 3.7 — 

 Redcedars 2.1 0.3 1.5 0.2 5.1 0.9 

 Total softwoods 36.8 47.8 35.1 46.5 160.1 155.0 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 14.9 7.0 14.1 6.1 57.6 22.3 

 Select red oaks 3.8 0.8 3.6 0.8 19.7 3.1 

 Other white oaks 10.0 4.6 8.9 3.7 32.9 10.5 

 Other red oaks 18.4 8.7 17.6 8.3 83.8 26.1 

 Hickory 8.7 4.7 8.1 4.3 26.5 12.6 

 Hard maple 1.6 0.2 1.4 0.2 4.1 0.4 

 Soft maple 4.3 1.4 2.9 0.6 7.7 0.9 

 Beech 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.5 

 Sweetgum 10.0 4.3 8.9 3.9 35.6 7.7 

 Tupelo and blackgum 2.1 0.7 2.0 0.6 3.1 1.3 

 Ash 4.7 1.0 4.1 1.0 11.9 2.3 

 Basswood 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.9 0.3 

 Yellow-poplar 11.9 2.1 11.5 2.1 56.5 9.3 

 Bay and magnolia 0.1 — 0.1 — 0.5 — 

 Black cherry 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.9 1.2 

 Black walnut 0.5 — 0.4 — 1.6 — 

 Sycamore 2.1 0.2 2.1 0.2 5.2 0.9 

 Black locust 0.3 — 0.2 — 0.5 — 

 Elm 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.2 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 7.2 1.1 3.5 0.5 7.1 1.1 

 Total hardwoods 103.5 38.1 91.5 33.3 359.7 101.7 

All species 85.9 140.3 126.6 79.8 519.9 256.7 

Numbers in columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
42

Table 39—Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by species and diameter class,

North Alabama, 1990–1999

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

 All 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0-

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 4.4 0.1 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.0 — 0.2 — — 

 Loblolly pine 35.3 2.4 9.9 4.5 6.2 4.3 3.2 2.0 2.0 0.8 — 

 Virginia pine 6.5 0.7 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.1 — — — 

 Redcedars 0.2 — — 0.1 0.1 — — — — — — 

 Total softwoods 46.5 3.2 11.4 7.4 8.6 6.1 4.7 2.1 2.2 0.8 — 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 6.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 

 Select red oaks 0.8 — — 0.1 — 0.1 0.3 0.1 — 0.1 — 

 Other white oaks 3.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 

 Other red oaks 8.3 0.5 0.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 — 

 Hickory 4.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 — 

 Hard maple 0.2 — 0.1 — 0.1 — — — — — — 

 Soft maple 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 — — — — 0.2 — — 

 Beech 0.1 — — — — — — — — 0.1 — 

 Sweetgum 3.9 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 — 

 Tupelo and blackgum 0.6 0.1 — 0.2 0.4 — — — — — — 

 Ash 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 — — — — 

 Basswood 0.1 — — — 0.1 — — — — — — 

 Yellow-poplar 2.1 — 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 — 

 Black cherry 0.6 — 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 — — — — — 

 Sycamore 0.2 — — — — — — — — 0.2 — 

 Elm 0.3 — — — — — 0.1 — 0.1 — — 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 — — — — — 0.2 — 

 Total hardwoods 33.3 2.3 3.4 4.7 4.8 5.1 4.9 2.9 2.1 2.6 0.5 

All species 5.5 79.8 14.7 12.1 13.4 11.2 9.7 4.9 4.3 3.5 0.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

29.0 and

larger
43

Table 40—Average annual mortality of live trees, growing stock, and sawtimber on timberland

by species, North Alabama, 1990–1999

Species Live trees Growing stock Sawtimber

 Million cubic feet Million board feet

Softwood

 Shortleaf pine 1.7 1.6 4.4 

 Loblolly pine 6.2 5.9 13.7 

 Virginia pine 6.0 5.4 7.2 

 Eastern white pine 0.1 0.1 — 

 Redcedars 0.2 0.2 0.4 

 Total softwoods 14.3 13.3 25.6 

Hardwood

 Select white oaks 1.6 0.9 4.0 

 Select red oaks 1.4 1.0 4.4 

 Other white oaks 2.0 1.6 2.6 

 Other red oaks 4.1 3.1 8.2 

 Hickory 3.0 2.5 6.5 

 Hard maple 0.2 0.1 0.3 

 Soft maple 1.1 0.4 1.0 

 Sweetgum 1.5 1.4 4.5 

 Tupelo and blackgum 0.4 0.2 — 

 Ash 0.8 0.5 1.2 

 Basswood 0.2 0.2 0.8 

 Yellow-poplar 0.7 0.6 2.3 

 Sycamore 0.4 0.4 0.5 

 Black locust 0.0 — — 

 Elm 0.9 0.6 2.2 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 1.6 0.4 0.6 

 Total hardwoods 20.1 13.9 39.0 

All species 27.2 34.3 64.6 

Numbers in columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
44

Table 41—Average net annual growth and average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by

ownership class and species group, North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Average net annual growth (million cubic feet)

National forest 5.0 2.1 2.0 0.1 2.9 0.9 2.0 

Other public 7.8 0.8 — 0.8 7.0 3.4 3.6 

Forest industry 9.3 4.9 4.9 — 4.4 1.4 3.0 

Nonindustrial private 104.6 27.3 26.0 1.3 77.3 30.1 47.2 

 All classes 126.6 35.1 32.9 2.2 91.5 35.8 55.7 

Average annual removals (million cubic feet)

National forest 0.2 0.2 0.2 — — — — 

Other public 1.4 0.5 0.5 — 1.0 0.1 0.9 

Forest industry 10.8 7.6 7.6 — 3.2 0.9 2.4 

Nonindustrial private 67.4 38.3 38.1 0.2 29.1 8.8 20.3 

 All classes 79.8 46.5 46.3 0.2 33.3 9.7 23.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 42—Average net annual growth and average annual removals of live trees on timberland by

ownership class and species group, North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Average net annual growth (million cubic feet)

National forest 5.1 1.9 1.8 0.1 3.2 0.9 2.3 

Other public 8.0 0.8 -0.1 0.8 7.3 3.2 4.1 

Forest industry 9.8 5.1 5.1 — 4.6 1.4 3.2 

Nonindustrial private 117.3 29.0 27.1 1.9 88.3 35.9 52.4 

 All classes 140.3 36.8 34.0 2.8 103.5 41.5 62.0 

Average annual removals (million cubic feet)

National forest 0.2 0.2 0.2 — — — — 

Other public 1.4 0.5 0.5 — 1.0 0.1 0.9 

Forest industry 12.0 8.1 8.1 — 3.9 0.9 3.0 

Nonindustrial private 72.3 39.1 38.8 0.3 33.2 10.3 22.9 

 All classes 85.9 47.8 47.5 0.3 38.1 11.4 26.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
45

Table 43—Average net annual growth and average annual removals of sawtimber on timberland by

ownership class and species group, North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

Ownership class species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Average net annual growth (million board feet)

National forest 22.4 10.6 9.6 0.9 11.8 2.8 9.0 

Other public 48.1 11.8 8.1 3.7 36.3 13.8 22.5 

Forest industry 20.9 3.0 3.0 — 17.9 6.8 11.0 

Nonindustrial private 428.5 134.8 130.6 4.2 293.7 106.1 187.6 

 All classes 519.9 160.1 151.3 8.8 359.7 129.5 230.2 

Average annual removals (million board feet)

National forest 0.7 0.7 0.7 — — — — 

Other public 29.9 24.0 24.0 — 5.9 1.4 4.5 

Forest industry 16.1 7.7 7.7 — 8.4 0.6 7.7 

Nonindustrial private 209.9 122.5 121.6 0.9 87.4 24.2 63.2 

 All classes 256.7 155.0 154.1 0.9 101.7 26.3 75.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 44—Average net annual growth of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and species group, North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origina species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Softwood types

 Loblolly–shortleaf pine

 Planted 4.9 4.5 4.5 — 0.4 0.1 0.3 

 Natural 15.1 11.2 11.2 — 3.9 2.3 1.6 

 Total 20.0 15.7 15.7 — 4.3 2.5 1.9 

 Total softwoods 20.0 15.7 15.7 — 4.3 2.5 1.9 

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine

 Planted 4.5 3.3 3.3 — 1.2 0.8 0.4 

 Natural 21.2 11.6 10.5 1.1 9.6 3.3 6.3 

 Total 25.7 14.9 13.8 1.1 10.8 4.1 6.7 

 Oak–hickory 62.9 2.7 2.4 0.4 60.2 19.7 40.6 

 Oak–gum–cypress 14.8 1.3 0.6 0.7 13.5 7.3 6.2 

 Elm–ash–cottonwood 2.7 0.5 0.5 — 2.3 2.3 0.0 

 Tropical hardwood 0.5 0.0 0.0 — 0.4 — 0.4 

 Total hardwoods 106.6 19.4 17.2 2.2 87.2 33.3 53.9 

Nonstocked — — — — — — — 

All groups 35.1 126.6 32.9 2.2 91.5 35.8 55.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Classifications at the beginning of the remeasurement period.
46

Table 45—Average annual removals of growing stock on timberland by forest-type group, stand origin,

and species group, North Alabama, 1990–1999

Softwoods Hardwoods

Forest-type group All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

and stand origina species softwood pine softwood hardwood hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Softwood types

 Loblolly–shortleaf pine

 Planted 3.4 3.3 3.3 — 0.1 — 0.1 

 Natural 13.3 12.3 12.3 — 1.0 0.3 0.7 

 Total 16.7 15.6 15.6 — 1.1 0.3 0.8 

 Total softwoods 16.7 15.6 15.6 — 1.1 0.3 0.8 

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine

 Planted 2.9 2.9 2.9 — — — — 

 Natural 29.3 22.2 22.2 — 7.2 1.5 5.7 

 Total 32.2 25.0 25.0 — 7.2 1.5 5.7 

 Oak–hickory 26.3 3.5 3.3 0.2 22.8 6.8 16.0 

 Oak–gum–cypress 1.8 0.1 0.1 — 1.7 0.6 1.1 

 Elm–ash–cottonwood 2.7 2.2 2.2 — 0.6 0.6 — 

 Total hardwoods 63.0 30.8 30.6 0.2 32.2 9.4 22.8 

Nonstocked — — — — — — — 

All groups 46.5 79.8 46.3 0.2 33.3 9.7 23.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Classifications at the beginning of the remeasurement period.
47

Table 46—Fresh weight of live trees on timberland by ownership class, species group, and tree component,

North Alabama, 2000

 Component

Growing-stock trees Cull trees

 Stumps,

Ownership class All All live tops, and

and species group components saplings Total Boles limbs Total Boles

Thousand tons

National forest

 Softwood 2,557.3 140.9 2,347.9 2,015.9 332.0 68.6 57.0 11.7 

 Hardwood 6,914.1 760.0 5,494.0 4,466.1 1,028.0 660.1 490.6 169.6 

 Total 9,471.4 900.9 7,841.9 6,482.0 1,359.9 728.7 547.5 181.2 

Other public

 Softwood 2,987.3 58.3 2,640.2 2,308.5 331.7 288.9 235.7 53.2 

 Hardwood 15,378.6 1,111.2 12,239.9 9,994.0 2,246.0 2,027.6 1,561.3 466.3 

 Total 18,365.9 1,169.4 14,880.1 12,302.4 2,577.7 2,316.5 1,797.0 519.5 

Forest industry

 Softwood 1,121.6 198.4 880.4 694.7 185.7 42.9 32.9 10.0 

 Hardwood 7,070.4 744.5 5,662.5 4,597.2 1,065.4 663.4 485.0 178.4 

 Total 8,191.9 942.9 6,542.9 5,291.9 1,251.0 706.2 517.9 188.3 

Nonindustrial private

 Softwood 27,004.4 2,058.6 22,318.7 18,975.8 3,343.0 2,627.1 2,147.3 479.8 

 Hardwood 138,194.5 14,487.8 105,552.0 85,469.9 20,082.1 18,154.7 13,971.7 4,183.0 

 Total 165,198.9 16,546.4 127,870.7 104,445.7 23,425.1 20,781.8 16,119.0 4,662.8 

All ownerships

 Softwood 33,670.6 2,456.1 28,187.1 23,994.8 4,192.3 3,027.5 2,472.9 554.6 

 Hardwood 167,557.5 17,103.5 128,948.4 104,527.1 24,421.4 21,505.7 16,508.5 4,997.2 

 Total 201,228.1 19,559.5 157,135.5 128,521.9 28,613.6 24,533.1 18,981.4 5,551.8 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

 Stumps,

 tops, and

 limbs
48

Table 47—Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and retained in timberland by

treatment or disturbance and ownership class, North Alabama, 1990 to 2000

Ownership class

Treatment or All Forest Nonindustrial

disturbance classes Public industry private

Thousand acres

Final harvest 24.1 1.0 3.4 19.7 

Partial harvesta 0.3 26.0 0.9 24.8 

Seed tree/shelterwood 0.4 0.4 — — 

Commercial thinning — — — — 

Other stand improvement 0.4 — — 0.4 

Site preparation 8.1 1.0 3.4 3.7 

Artificial regenerationb 0.4 9.2 3.2 5.6 

Natural regenerationb 3.0 42.1 1.4 37.7 

Other treatment 11.6 0.1 1.1 10.4 

Natural disturbance

 Disease 0.1 — — 0.1 

 Insects 5.9 0.6 0.1 5.2 

 Fire 4.1 0.7 0.7 2.7 

 Weather 12.4 0.9 0.4 11.1 

 Animals 1.7 0.1 — 1.6 

Other disturbances

 Grazing 11.0 0.4 — 10.6 

 Other man-caused disturbance 3.4 0.4 — 3.0 

Since some acres experience more than one treatment or disturbance, there are no column totals. Numbers in

rows may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Includes high-grading and some selective cutting.

b Includes establishment of trees for timber production on forest and nonforest land.
49

Table 48—Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and retained in timberland by treatment or

disturbance and forest management type, North Alabama, 1990 to 2000

Forest management typea

Treatment or All Pine Natural Oak– Upland Lowland

disturbance types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Final harvest 24.1 0.8 2.5 10.2 9.4 1.2 — 

Partial harvestb 0.0 26.0 2.6 8.6 13.5 1.3 — 

Seed tree/shelterwood 0.4 — 0.4 — — — — 

Commercial thinning — — — — — — — 

Other stand improvement 0.4 — — — 0.4 — — 

Site preparation 8.1 1.6 0.7 3.8 1.6 0.4 — 

Other treatment 11.6 0.4 1.9 4.1 4.6 0.6 — 

Natural disturbance

 Disease 4.2 — 0.3 1.0 2.9 — — 

 Insects 5.9 0.2 0.5 3.9 1.3 — — 

 Fire — — — — — — — 

 Weather 12.4 — 1.6 3.8 4.1 2.8 — 

 Animals 1.7 — — — — 1.7 — 

Other disturbance

 Grazing 11.0 0.4 0.5 2.1 6.7 1.2 — 

 Other man-caused disturbance 3.4 0.4 0.5 — 2.5 — — 

Since some acres experience more than one treatment or disturbance, there are no column totals. Numbers in rows may not sum

to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Classification before treatment or disturbance.

b Includes high-grading and some selective cutting.
50

Table 49—Area of timberland regenerated annually by type of regeneration and forest management type,

North Alabama, 1990 to 2000

Forest management typea

Type of All Pine Natural Oak– Upland Lowland 

regeneration types plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood Nonstocked

Thousand acres

Artificial regeneration

 following harvest 6.5 2.8 — 3.2 0.5 — — 

Natural regeneration

 following harvest 12.3 — 0.4 1.9 9.0 0.9 — 

Other artificial regeneration

 on forest land 0.3 0.3 — — — — — 

Other natural regeneration

 on forest land 12.0 — 1.2 1.0 9.2 0.6 — 

Artificial regeneration on

 former nonforest land 2.9 1.9 — 0.6 — 0.4 — 

Natural reversion of

 former nonforest land 17.3 — 2.2 3.3 6.5 5.3 — 

 Total 51.3 5.0 3.7 10.0 25.3 7.3 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Classification after regeneration.
51

The Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, is

dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of

the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood,

water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research,

cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management

of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed

by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing

Nation.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination

in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national

origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation,

or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape,

etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202–720–2600 (voice

and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of

Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence

Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call 202–720–5964 (voice

or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Hartsell, Andrew J.; Vissage, John S. 2001. Forest statistics for

North Alabama, 2000. Resour.Bull. SRS–64. Asheville, NC: US

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research

Station. 50 p.

This report summarizes a 2000 inventory of the forest resources of a

10-county area of Alabama. Major findings are highlighted in text

and graphics; detailed data are presented in 49 tables.

Keywords: Forest ownership, timberland, timber growth, timber

removals, timber volume.
52

United States

Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern

Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

200 Weaver Blvd.

Asheville, NC 28802

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

Penalty for Private Use, $300