Linking the Economy and Environment of Florida Keys/Florida Bay

Technical Appendix: Sampling Methodologies

and Estimation Methods Applied

to the Florida Keys/Key West

Visitors Surveys

December 1996

Vernon R. Leeworthy

Strategic Environmental Assessments Division

Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment

National Ocean Service

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Monroe County Tourist Development Council
Linking the Economy and Environment of Florida Keys/Florida Bay

Technical Appendix: Sampling Methodologies

and Estimation Methods Applied

to the Florida Keys/Key West

Visitors Surveys

NOAA/NOS

- Office of Ocean Resources 

Conservation and Assessment/ 

Strategic Environmental 

Assessments Division

- Office of Ocean and Coastal 

Resource Management/ 

Sanctuaries and Reserves 

Division/Florida Keys National 

Marine Sanctuary

The Nature 

Conservancy/

Florida Keys Initiative

The Monroe County 

Tourist 

Development Council

Funding Partners

Working Partners

Linking the Economy and Environment of 

Florida Keys/Florida Bay

•

•

•

• 

• 

ORCA/SEA Division

•

Bicentennial Volunteers, 

Inc. 

• 

• 

U.S. Forest Service

Interagency agreement with 

NOAA to conduct tourist 

survey and do analyses on 

economic values (market and 

non-market)

Cooperative agreement with 

University of Georgias, 

Environmental Resource 

Assessment Group

•

•

•

U of GA Environmental 

Resource Assessment Group

Conducts joint economic 

analyses (market economic 

values)

Manages tourist survey effort

- data collection

- database construction

Cooperative agreement with 

Bicentennial Volunteers, Inc. 

(BVI)

Conducts all on-site

tourist interviews

Project leadership

Develop survey sample designs

Provide quality analysis/quality

control of survey data

Provide economic analysis

Produce reports
i

Table of Contents

 Page

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

List of Exhibits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Chapter 1. Method of Estimating the Number of Person-trips (visits) and Person-days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Concept of a Person-trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Number of Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Number of Person-days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Sampling Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

 Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

 Auto Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

 Person-trips - Auto Survey: Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

 Total traffic counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

 Proportion of traffic pulled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

 Proportion of vehicles with recreating visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

 Number of people per vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

 Estimation for the two sampling periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

 Estimation for the two six-month seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

 Person-trips - Auto Survey: Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

 Person-trips - Auto Survey: All Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

 Airport Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

 Person-trips Air Survey: Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

 Person-trips Air Survey: Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

 Person-trips Air Survey: All Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

 Cruise Ship Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

 Person-trips Cruise Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Summary: Person-trips (visits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

 June - November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

 December ‘95 - May ‘96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

 June ‘95 - May ‘96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Person-days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Consistency Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

 Campground Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

 Hotel, Motel and Vacation Rental Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

 Lodging and Food & Beverage Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Capacity Utilization Method of Visitor Estimation - A Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Visitation Estimates and the Economy of Monroe County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Footnotes for Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Tables for Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Chapter 2. Sample Weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

 On-site Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

CUSTOMER Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

 On-site Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

 Ecosystem Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Figure for Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Tables for Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
iip

ii

Table of Contents

(Continued)

 Page

Chapter 3. Nonresponse Bias Analyses for the Mailback Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Expenditure Mailback: July - August 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

 Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

 Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Expenditure Mailback: January - April 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

 Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

 Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Satisfaction Mailback: July - August 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

 Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

 Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Satisfaction Mailback: January - April 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

 Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

 Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Ecosystem Mailback: January - April 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

 Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

 Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Solution to the Problem of Nonresponse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Tables for Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Chapter 4. Methods of Estimating Activity Participation and Intensity of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Activity Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Intensity of Use (Days and Hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Aggregation Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Tables for Chapter 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Chapter 5. Methods of Estimating the Economic Contribution to Monroe County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

The Use of Census Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Direct Wages & Salaries and Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Total Output, Income and Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Percent of Monroe County Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Tables for Chapter 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Exhibits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
iii

Preface

This document was prepared to provide detailed documentation on how various measurements were derived as

reported for visitors to the Florida Keys/Key West in “Visitor Profiles: Florida Keys/Key West” (Leeworthy and Wiley

1996) and “Economic Contribution of Recreating Visitors to the Florida Keys/Key West” (English et al 1996). As a

technical appendix, this document is intended for researchers that want to do further analyses with the visitor data and for

researchers that may want to replicate the study in the future.

Chapter 1 provides details on the sampling methodologies and methods for estimating the total number of visitors or

person-trips (visits) and the number of person-days of visitation. Chapter 2 documents the sample weighting applied to

both the on-site and mailback samples. Chapter 3 provides details on the results of analyses conducted to determine the

existence of nonresponse bias in the various mailback surveys. The corrections for nonresponse bias are included in the

sample weighting explained in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 documents the methods used to estimate participation rates and the

total number of participants in each activity by season and region. Chapter 4 also documents how intensity of use was

estimated for a select list of 39 activities by region and season. Intensity of use was defined in terms of the number of

separate person-days of activity and the number of hours of activity. Results presented in the Visitor Profiles report were

extended in this appendix to include estimates for all 39 activities, in all four regions, in both seasons by substituting

“best” estimates for items identified as having unreliable estimates of average days or hours per trip. In each case, these

estimates had little influence on the totals for a more aggregated activity like all snorkeling because the sub-activity with

an unreliable average for days or hours of activity, e.g. snorkeling from a rental boat, had low participation rates.

Finally, Chapter 5 documents the methods used for estimating the economic contribution visitors had on Monroe

County.

All project data and documentation will be distributed on CD-ROM. To obtain copies contact:

Dr. Vernon R. (Bob) Leeworthy

Project Leader

N/ORCA1

1305 East West Highway, SSMCIV Rm. 9124

Silver Spring, MD 20910

telephone (301) 713-3000 ext. 138

fax (301) 713-4384

e-mail: bleeworthy@seamail.nos.noaa.gov

This document and all other project documents can be obtained on the World Wide Web at the following address:

http://www-orca.nos.noaa.gov/projects/econkeys/econkeys.html

Please note that it is a dash not a dot after www.
vviip

iv

List of Tables

 Table Title Page

A.1.1 Total Auto Traffic Counts on U.S. 1 (MM 106.5, Northbound Lanes) by Sampling

 Period, Season, and Type and Time of Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

A.1.2 Proportions of Eligible Sample-type Vehicles on U.S. 1 by Season and Type and

 Time of Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

A.1.3 Proportion of Recreating Visitors by Mode of Access and Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

A.1.4 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Mode of Access, July - August 1995: Recreating

 Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

A.1.5 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Mode of Access, January - April 1996: Recreating

 Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

A.1.6 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, June - November 1995:

 Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

A.1.7 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, Dec. 1995 - May 1996:

 Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

A.1.8 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, July - August 1995:

 Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

A.1.9 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, January - April 1996:

 Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

A.1.10 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, June - November 1995:

 Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

A.1.11 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, December 1995 - May 1996:

 Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

A.1.12 Number of Person-trips (visits) by the Air Mode of Access, July - August 1995 and

 June - November 1995: Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

A.1.13 Number of Person-trips (visits) by the Air Mode of Access, January - April 1996 and

 December 1995 - May 1996: Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

A.1.14 Number of Person-trips (visits) by the Air Mode of Access, July - August 1995 and

 June - November 1995: Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

A.1.15 Number of Person-trips (visits) by the Air Mode of Access, January - April 1996 and

 December 1995 - May 1996: Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

A.1.16 Number of Person-trips (visits) by the Cruise Ship Mode of Access by Sampling

 Period and Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

A.1.17 Estimated Number of Person-trips (visits) by Mode of Access and Sampling Period:

 Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

A.1.18 Estimated Number of Person-trips (visits) by Mode of Access and Sampling Period:

 Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

A.1.19 Estimated Number of Person-trips (visits) by Mode of Access and Sampling Period:

 All Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

A.1.20 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Mode of Access and Season: Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . 21

A.1.21 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Mode of Access and Season: Non-recreating

 Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

A.1.22 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Mode of Access and Season: All Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

A.1.23 Average Length of Stay by Mode of Access and Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

A.1.24 Number of Person-days by Mode of Access, July - August 1995 and January -

 April 1996:Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

A.1.25 Number of Person-days by Mode of Access, July - August 1995 and January -

 April 1996:Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

A.1.26 Number of Person-days by Mode of Access, July - August 1995 and January -

 April 1996:All Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

A.1.27 Number of Person-days by Mode of Access and Season: Recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

A.1.28 Number of Person-days by Mode of Access and Season: Non-recreating Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . 24

A.1.29 Number of Person-days by Mode of Access and Season: All Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

A.1.30 Number of Campsites in Florida Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

A.1.31 Consistency Check Campsite Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
v

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 Table Title Page

A.1.32 Consistency Check Hotel Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

A.1.33 Consistency Check for Lodging Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

A.1.34 Visitation Estimates Capacity Utilization Method: Scenario 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

A.1.35 Visitation Estimates Capacity Utilization Method: Scenario 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

A.1.36 Visitation Estimates Capacity Utilization Method: Scenario 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

A.1.37 Consistency of Alternative Estimates of Visitation with the Monroe County

 Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

A.2.1 Derivation of General Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site

 Samples: July - August 1995 and June - November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

A.2.2 Derivation of General Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site

 Samples: Janauary - April 1996 and December 1995 - May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

A.2.3 Derivation of Activity Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site

 Samples: July - August 1995 and June - November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

A.2.4 Derivation of Activity Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site

 Samples: January - April 1996 and December 1995 - May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

A.2.5 Derivation of General Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual Auto, Air

 and Cruise Ship Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

A.2.6 Derivation of Activity Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual Auto, Air

 and Cruise Ship Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

A.2.7 Sample Weight Names for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

A.2.8 Number of Completed Expenditure Mailback Questionnaires and Response Rates . . . . . . . . . . . 43

A.2.9 Derivation of Mode of Access Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship

 Expenditure Mailback Samples: July - August 1995 and June - November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . 44

A.2.10 Derivation of Mode of Access Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship

 Expenditure Mailback Samples: January - April 1996 and December 1995 -

 May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

A.2.11 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Expenditure Mailback: July - August 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

A.2.12 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Expenditure Mailback: June - November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

A.2.13 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Expenditure Mailback: January - April 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

A.2.14 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Expenditure Mailback: December 1995 - May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

A.2.15 Derivation of Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual Auto, Air and

 Cruise Ship Expenditure Mailback Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

A.2.16 Number of Completed Satisfaction Mailback Questionnaires and Response Rates . . . . . . . . . . . 49

A.2.17 Derivation of Mode of Access Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship

 Satisfaction Mailback Samples: July - August 1995 and June - November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . 50

A.2.18 Derivation of Mode of Access Sample Weights for the Auto, Air, and Cruise Ship

 Satisfaction Mailback Samples: Januuary - April 1996 and December 1995 -

 May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

A.2.19 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Satisfaction Mailback: July - August 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

A.2.20 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Satisfaction Mailback: June - November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

A.2.21 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Satisfaction Mailback: January - April 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

A.2.22 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Satisfaction Mailback: December 1995 - May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
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 Table Title Page

A.2.23 Derivation of Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual Auto, Air and

 Cruise Satisfaction Mailback Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

A.2.24 Derivation of Sample Weights for the CUSTOMER On-site Sample June -

 November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

A.2.25 Derivation of Sample Weights for the CUSTOMER On-site Sample December 1995 -

 May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

A.2.26 Derivation of Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual CUSTOMER

 On-site Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

A.2.27 Number of Completed Ecosystem Mailback Questionnaires and Response Rates by

 Mode of Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

A.2.28 Derivation of Sample Weights for the Ecosystem Mailback Sample: December 1995 -

 May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

A.2.29 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Ecosystem Mailback: December 1995 - May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

A.2.30 Summary of Sample Weights by Sample and Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

A.3.1 Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . 64

A.3.2 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors:

 July - August 1995 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

A.3.3 Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: July - August 1995 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

A.3.4 Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995

 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

A.3.5 Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Expenditures and

 Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

A.3.6 Tests of Relationships between Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors: July -

 August 1995 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

A.3.7 Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . 71

A.3.8 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January - April 1996 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

A.3.9 Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: January - April 1996 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

A.3.10 Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996

 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

A.3.11 Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Expenditures and

 Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

A.3.12 Tests of Relationships between Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January - April 1996 Expenditure Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

A.3.13 Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . 78

A.3.14 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors:

 July - August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

A.3.15 Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: July - August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

A.3.16 Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995

 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

A.3.17 Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and

 Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

A.3.18 Tests of Relationships between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic Factors:

 July - August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

A.3.19 Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Satisfaction

 Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
vii

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 Table Title Page

A.3.20 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January - April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

A.3.21 Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: January - April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

A.3.22 Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: January - April

 1996 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

A.3.23 Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and

 Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

A.3.24 Tests of Relationships between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January - April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

A.3.25 Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback . . . . . . 92

A.3.26 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

A.3.27 Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

A.3.28 Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996

 Ecosystem Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

A.3.29 Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and

 Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

A.3.30 Tests of Relationships between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

A.3.31 A Comparison of Weighted and Unweighted Means for Selected Responses from the

 Mailback Questionnaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

A.4.1 Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Upper Middle Keys, June - Nov. 1995 . . . . . 102

A.4.2 Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip:

 Lower Keys & Key West, June - Nov. 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

A.4.3 Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Upper & Middle Keys, Dec. ‘95 - May ‘96 . . 106

A.4.4 Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip:

 Lower Keys & Key West, Dec. ‘95 - May ‘96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

A.4.5 Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Upper & Middle Keys, June - Nov. 1995 . . . 110

A.4.6 Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip:

 Lower Keys & Key West, June - Nov. 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

A.4.7 Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Upper & Middle Keys, Dec. ‘95 - May ‘96 . 114

A.4.8 Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip:

 Lower Keys & Key West, Dec. ‘95 - May ‘96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

A.4.9 Total Number of Days of Activity by Region and Season (Thousands of Days) . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

A.4.10 Total Annual Number of Days of Activity by Region (Thousands of Days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

A.4.11 Number of Hours of Activity by Region and Season (Thousands of Hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

A.4.12 Total Annual Number of Hours of Activity by Region (Thousands of Hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

A.5.1 Wages-to-Sales and Wages-to-Employment Ratios for Monroe County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

A.5.2 Derivation of Total Income to Wages & Salaries Ratio for Monroe County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

A.5.3 Derivation of Direct Wages and Salaries Income and Employment for Monroe County,

 June - November 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

A.5.4 Derivation of Direct Wages and Salaries Income and Employment for Monroe County,

 December 1995 - May 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

A.5.5 Derivation of Total Output and Income Impacts for Monroe County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

A.5.6 Derivation of Total Employment Impacts for Monroe County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
vvivivipi

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List of Exhibits

 Exhibit Title Page

1 Auto Tally Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

2 Blue Card - Activities List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

3 Auto Tally Sheet: Type of Vehicle by Lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

4 Auto Survey Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

5 Traffic Counts July 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

6 Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

7 Airport Survey Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

8 Airport Tally Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

9 Air Enplanement Counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

10 Cruise Ship Survey Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

11 Cruise Ship Tally Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

12 Cruise Ship Passenger Counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

13 List of 68 Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

14 Map of the Florida Keys/Key West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
1

Chapter 1. Method of Estimating the Number of Person-Trips (visits) and Person-days

 The sampling design used in the Auto, Air, and Cruise Ship Survey allows us to estimate the number of person-trips to the

Florida Keys made by non-residents of Monroe County by season and mode of travel (access) to the Florida Keys. The

measurement, “person-trips,” must be differentiated from the number of visitors and the number of visitor days.

Concept of a Person-trip. For any given day, the number of person-trips and the number of visitors is the same. But once

we expand the time period for estimation beyond one day, then the possibility exists that the same person can make more

than one trip (visit). Because we interview visitors as they are leaving the Florida Keys (ending their visit), we count

someone each time they visit the Florida Keys. This is the concept of a person-trip or visit. We can use these two terms

interchangeably.

Number of Visitors. The number of person-trips (visits) and the number of visitors are two measurements that have long

been a source of confusion. The State of Florida’s Division of Tourism has long confused these two measurements. For the

two measurements to be equivalent requires that for the given time period of estimation that each person only makes one visit

(trip). Although this is true for the vast majority of visitors, it is not true for all visitors. In the Florida Keys, visitors during

the July-August 1995 sampling period, made on average 5.12 trips annually, while visitors during the January-April 1996

sampling period made on average 2.42 trips annually. By dividing the total number of person-trips (visits) by the average

number of trips (visits), for any given time period, we get an estimate of the separate number of visitors. That is, the separate

number of different people that visited the Florida Keys during the given time period. We did not obtain the separate number

of trips (visits) made by visitors each sampling season, so we cannot derive and estimate of the number of separate visitors by

season. We can make such an estimate for the annual time period, however, the estimate is not needed for purposes of this

study. For purposes of this study, we want an estimate of the total number of person-trips (visits) during each season. This

estimate allows us to extrapolate average trip expenditures per person into total expenditures during the given time period for

estimation. Also, when we estimate the percent of visitors that engaged in a certain recreation activity, we can extrapolate

this into an estimate of the total number of visitors that did the activity during that time period.

Number of Person-Days. Another useful measurement is the number of person-days. Each visit (trip) may have a different

length of stay. For day-trips, the concept of a person-day and a person-trip are thus equivalent. But many trips (visits) are for

more than one day. In the Florida Keys, the average length of stay was 4.2 days per visit and 6.35 days per visit, for the JulyAugust 1995 and January-April 1996 sampling periods, respectively. Multiplying the average length of stay by the total

number of person-trips (visits) yields an estimate of the total number of person-days for any given time period. Dividing the

estimate of the total number of person-days by the number of days in the time period yields an estimate of the average

number of visitors in the Florida Keys for the average day during that time period. This latter estimate could be used in

assessing the “functional population” i.e., the number of people in the Florida Keys on a given day. The concept of a

functional population is used for planning for facilities and services and in the Florida Keys, hurricane evacuation.

Sampling Methodology

Auto, Air, and Cruise Ship Sample

 The Florida Keys has a special geographic feature which allowed us to design a sample to estimate the total number of

person-trips (visits). The Florida Keys are a chain of islands located at the southern end of the Florida peninsula. Access is

limited to one highway (U.S. 1), two airports (Marathon and Key West), and the cruise ship docks in Key West. People can

also come by private boat, and they do, but this is less than one percent of total visitation.

 Another fact that makes estimation of person-trips possible is that the Florida Department of Transportation (FLDOT)

collects hourly traffic counts on the northbound lane of U.S. 1 at points where people are exiting the Keys. The airports also

maintain air enplanement counts on all flights leaving the Keys, and the Port Authority maintains passenger counts for all

cruise ships docking at or anchoring off Key West.
2p

2

 Restricted access and availability of total count data allowed us to design a sample from which we could estimate both

person-trips (visits) and person-days. We did this for two seasons. We chose July-August 1995 as a sampling period that

would be representative of visitation during the June-November 1995 season and January 15-April 15 1996 as representative

of the December 1995 through May 1996 season.1

 We used a stratified random sample design. Stratified across mode of access (Auto, Air, and Cruise Ship). Within mode

of access, we sampled during different days of the week and times of the day for the auto and air samples. The cruise ships

were on fixed schedules. For cruise ships, we attempted to get a representative sample of the different size ships that visit

Key West.

 We over-sampled the air and cruise ship passengers to ensure adequate sample sizes to estimate important project measurements separately for these two groups. A priori, we had little information on how to exactly stratify by mode of access,

since no one had ever estimated the number of person-trips (visits) by mode of travel for the Florida Keys. So our sample

quotas by mode of access are not likely to result in exact sample stratification (i.e., not the same distribution that exists in the

real population). Therefore, post sample weighting will be required based on the estimates of the total number of person-trips

(visits) by mode of access.2

Auto Survey. We randomly pulled vehicles from the traffic stream in the northbound right lane of U.S. 1 (at approximately

the 105 mile marker). The parking lots of the Thom Thumb (at the corner of Taylor Drive and U.S. 1) and the Key Largo

Elementary School were used during the July-August 1995 sampling period, and only the Thom Thumb store during the

January-April 1996 sampling period. A permit was obtained from the FLDOT (permit # 052-95) to conduct the survey. Both

survey sites met requirements for safely getting vehicles off and back onto the highway.

 Traffic signs were placed on both sides of the northbound lanes. The first set read “TRAFFIC SURVEY 1,000 FEET”,

the second set read “TRAFFIC SURVEY 500 FEET”, and the third set read “BE PREPARED TO STOP”. Police units, with

their emergency lights on, were placed on both sides of the northbound lane to aid in slowing traffic. One officer pointed at a

vehicle (vehicle chosen randomly) and directed the vehicle into the parking lot. Traffic cones were deployed to help direct

the traffic into the parking lot. In the parking lot, the driver of the vehicle was greeted by a member of the Bicentennial

Volunteers, Inc.3

 The volunteer screened occupants of the vehicle using several criteria designed to select only non-residents

of Monroe County that were leaving the Florida Keys (ending their visit), and had participated in some recreation activity

(See Exhibit 1, Tally Sheet and Exhibit 2, the Blue Card containing the list of recreation activities). Those not meeting the

screening criteria or that refused to be interviewed were quickly sent back onto the highway and tallied in the appropriate

column of the Tally Sheet. The information obtained on the tally sheet allows us to translate the number of vehicles to the

number of vehicles with recreating visitors.

 There are a couple of other design aspects that required special treatment. First, for purposes of safety, the Florida

Highway Patrol recommended that we only pull vehicles from the right lane. U.S. 1 is a four lane highway along the portion

we sampled. Second, not all types of vehicles would be eligible to be pulled into the parking lots (tractor trailers, large

commercial vehicles and buses). We did pull motor homes and vehicles pulling trailers (both travel trailers and boats). In

order to be able to translate vehicle counts from the FLDOT on U.S. 1 into vehicles containing eligible visitors, we needed to

be able to estimate the proportion of vehicles that were eligible to be selected by the officers and we needed to be able to test

whether traffic in the right lane was any different from traffic in the left lane (type of vehicle). We gathered the necessary

information using Tally Sheet number two (Exhibit 3).

 Exhibit 4 is a calendar showing the dates and times the highway survey was conducted during both the July-August 1995

and January-April 1996 sampling periods. The highway survey was conducted on 24 days during the July-August 1995

period and on 34 days during the January-April 1996 period. Note that our sampling times were restricted to the hours

between 9 am and 4 pm. This is extremely important because intercounty commuters (i.e., people that live inside Monroe

County but work outside Monroe County and people that work inside Monroe County but live outside Monroe County) are

not accounted for in this sample design. We had to supplement our sample design with estimates of intercounty commuters

from the Census of Intercounty Commuters (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1996).

 There were two key issues for which many members of the community expressed concern about the conduct of the

highway survey; police intimidation and traffic delays and/or accidents. Neither problem occurred due to the design and

professional implementation by the Florida Highway Patrol, the Monroe County Sheriffs Department, and the Florida Marine

Patrol.4

 The only person (s) that came into contact with the occupants of vehicles were the Bicentennial Volunteers located

in the parking lots. Traffic was never stopped on the highway. Vehicles were selected and directed into a parking lot.
3

Residents of Monroe County, non-qualifying visitors, or visitors that refused the interview were never delayed more than one

or two minutes maximum. For most residents, the delay was only a few seconds. An interesting finding was that the survey

worked “best” when traffic was relatively heavy. That is, even during the heaviest traffic periods, the traffic survey never

resulted in a traffic backup.

Person-trips-Auto Survey: Recreating Visitors. We need five basic measurements in order to estimate the number of

person-trips by recreating visitors accessing the Florida Keys by the highway:

1. Total traffic counts.

2. Proportion of traffic that was eligible to be pulled from the traffic stream.

3. Proportion of vehicles that was pulled from the traffic stream that contained visitors that were non-residents of Monroe

County, that were ending their visit to the Florida Keys, and that did some recreation activity during their visit.

4. Number of eligible visitors per vehicle.

5. Number of intercounty commuters.

Total traffic counts. Total traffic counts are available for U.S. 1 on an hourly basis from the FLDOT. Exhibit 5 shows an

example for July 1995. We obtained this information from the FLDOT for June 1995 through May 1996. Table A.1.1

summarizes the traffic counts by sampling period or season and by type and time of day.

Proportion of traffic pulled. Exhibit 3 shows the tally sheet used for obtaining the information on the proportion of the

traffic that was eligible to be pulled from the traffic stream. Tour buses, school buses, commercial pick-ups and vans, and

commercial and government trucks were not eligible to be pulled from the traffic stream.

 Ten minute samples were taken alternatively between the left and right northbound lanes on U.S. 1. The tally person

counted every vehicle in the lane during each ten-minute period. On a typical sampling day, four to five samples were taken

on each lane. This allowed us to test for differences in the distribution by type of vehicle between the left and right lanes

(remember, we only pulled vehicles from the right lane). We used a non-parametric test (Kolmogorov-Smirnoff, two-sample

test).5

 The test showed no difference between the left and right lanes except for weekdays during the July-August, 1995

sampling season. Because the differences were not great or general, we used the average of the left and right lane proportions

on the total traffic counts on U.S. 1. Table A.1.2 summarizes the proportions of eligible sample-type vehicles by season and

type and time of day.

Proportion of vehicles with recreating visitors. Exhibit 1 shows the tally sheet used for gathering the necessary information

for estimating the proportion of eligible vehicles that contained recreating visitors who were ending their trip to the Florida

Keys. This proportion is defined as all exiting visitors who did some recreation activity (column 7 + column 8) divided by

the total number of vehicles pulled. Note that we can also get an estimate of the proportion of vehicles containing visitors no

matter what they were doing (participants and non-participants in recreation activity). This estimate is obtained by adding

columns 6, 7 and 8 and then dividing by the total number of vehicles pulled.

But the above estimate of the proportion of eligible vehicles that contained recreating visitors would not be correct since, as

noted above, our sampling times did not include times when workers would be commuting to and from work. If this correction is not made, the proportion of recreating visitors would be biased upwards by a factor of two.

From the Census of Intercounty Commuters (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis 1996), we estimate that, during the morning,

2,016 residents of the Florida Keys cross the 106.5 mile marker on their way to work outside Monroe County. Also, during

the afternoons, we estimate that 2,046 workers who are employed in the Florida Keys, but live outside Monroe County, cross

the 106.5 mile marker on their way home. Table A.1.3 summarizes the proportions of recreating visitors by mode of access

and season after adjusting for intercounty commuters.

Number of people per vehicle. Exhibit 6 shows the questionnaire that was used for the Auto, Air, and Cruise Ship Survey.

This form took about 3-5 minutes to complete. The information relevant to the estimation of person-trips (visits) is the

number of people in the vehicle. The number of people per vehicle can also be further broken down into the number of

people age 16 and older and the number less than 16 years of age. For the July-August, 1995 sampling period there were an

average of 2.85 recreating visitors per vehicle and, for the January-April, 1996 sampling period there was an average of

2.43 recreating visitors per vehicle. These averages were not significantly different.

Estimation for the Two Sampling Periods. It was hypothesized that there would be differences in both the proportion of

eligible vehicles and the proportion of eligible vehicles containing recreating visitors for weekday and weekend traffic.
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Further, that there would also be differences between morning and afternoon traffic on both weekdays and weekends.

We estimated total traffic and the proportions of vehicles for each of the four time periods 1) weekday mornings (1:00

AM - 12:00 noon), 2) weekday afternoons (1:00 PM - 12:00 midnight), 3) weekend mornings (1:00 AM - 12:00 noon),

and 4) weekend afternoons (1:00 PM - 12:00 midnight). We found statistically significant differences in most of the

proportions.

Tables A.1.4 - A.1.5 show how we estimate the number of person-trips (visits) for the two sampling periods using the

total traffic counts for each time period and the estimated vehicle proportions and number of people per vehicle for each

season.

Column 1 of Tables A.1.4 - A.1.5 contains the total traffic counts on U.S. 1 at the 106.5 mile marker by type of day and

time of day. Column 2 is the estimated proportion of eligible vehicles to be pulled from the traffic stream. Column 3 is

the total number of eligible vehicles (Column 1 * Column 2). Column 4 is the estimated proportion of eligible vehicles

that contained recreating visitors ending their trip to the Florida Keys. Column 5 contains the total number of vehicles

with recreating visitors exiting the Keys (Column 3 * Column 4). Column 6 contains the average number of people per

vehicle. This did not vary by type of day or time of day. Column 7 contains our estimated number of person-trips

(Column 5 * Column 6).

Estimation for the Two Six-month Seasons. As noted above, we used the July - August 1995 sample to estimate

person-trips (visits) and person-days for the June - November 1995 season and the January - April 1996 sample to

estimate for the December 1995 - May 1996 season. To do this required additional adjustments. We believe that it

would not be correct to assume that the proportions of traffic would be constant across time periods. Our samples were

taken during the busiest portions of each of the six-month seasons. So, we believe, that during the slower months in each

season, that residents would be a constant number making the proportion of traffic that is recreating visitors smaller. We

call this the constant resident assumption. Commuters who live outside the Florida Keys and work inside the Keys

were allowed to vary with the increases and decreases in auto traffic within each season. Tables A.1.6 and A.1.7 show

how we derived our estimates for auto visitors for the June - November 1995 and December 1995 - May 1996 seasons

using the constant resident assumption.

 Table A.1.6 shows that during the time period from June through November 1995 there were over 1.8 million vehicles

that traveled on the northbound lane of U.S. 1. Between 85.64 and 98.67 percent of those vehicles were eligible vehicles

for sampling. Over the June-November 1995 period, there were about 1.7 million eligible vehicles (about 91.5 percent).

We estimate that over 345 thousand of those vehicles contained recreating visitors or about 20.4 percent of the eligible

vehicles and about 18.7 percent of the total traffic on U.S. 1. With an estimated average of 2.85 people per vehicle, we

estimate over 984 thousand person-trips (visits) for June-November 1995.

Table A.1.7 shows that during the December 1995 through May 1996 time period there were over 2.1 million vehicles

that traveled on the northbound lane of U.S. 1. Between 86.86 and 97.97 percent of those vehicles were eligible vehicles

for sampling. Overall there were about 1.9 million eligible vehicles (about 91 percent). We estimate that almost 417

thousand of those vehicles contained recreating visitors or about 21.57 percent of the eligible vehicles and about 19.56

percent of the total traffic on U.S. 1. With an estimated average of 2.43 recreating visitors per vehicle, we estimate over

1.013 million person-trips (visits) for the December 1995 through May 1996 period.

For the entire year (June 1995 through May 1996), we estimate almost 2 million person-trips (visits) were made to the

Florida Keys by recreating visitors using the auto mode of access.

Person-trips Auto Survey: Non-recreating Visitors. Tables A.1.8 - A.1.11 show the calculations for estimating the

number of person-trips (visits) by non-recreating visitors. Although the estimates of non-recreating visitors were not an

objective of the study, the information was collected to derive the estimates and some may find this useful. Below we

will show how the information can be used in deriving the total visitor component of the “functional population”.

During the June-November, 1995 time period, we estimate over 217.5 thousand person-trips (visits) by the auto mode of

access for non-recreating visitors. This number excludes commuter workers (i.e. workers that live outside the Florida

Keys). For the December 1995 through May 1996 period, we estimate over 294.16 thousand person-trips (visits) by

non-recreating visitors. For the entire year (June 1995 through May 1996), we estimate 511.67 thousand person-trips

(visits) by non-recreating visitors.
5

Person-trips Auto Survey: All Visitors. Combining our estimates for recreating and non-recreating visitors, we estimate

about 1.2 million person-trips for the June-November 1995 season and about 1.3 million person-trips (visits) for the

December 1995 through May 1996 season for a total annual estimate of over 2.5 million person-trips (visits) by the auto

mode of access.

Airport Survey. We conducted sampling at both the Key West and Marathon airports. All flights out of both airports

are carrying passengers leaving the Florida Keys. Exhibit 7 is a calendar showing the days and times we sampled flights

and interviewed visitors for both the July-August 1995 and January-April 1996 sampling periods. Even though we

sampled on different days of the week and time of days as in the highway survey, we did not develop separate estimates

of the proportion of passengers by type and time of day. The reason is that air enplanement data are not available by

type and time of day.

The Bicentennial Volunteers conducted all the interviews at the two airports. The volunteers set-up at the terminal gates

and screened all passengers at the terminal using the questions on the Air Tally Sheet (Exhibit 8). Those that qualified

for an interview and agreed to the interview were interviewed using the same questionnaire as the highway survey

(Exhibit 6).

Person-trips Air Survey: Recreating Visitors. We only needed two measurements from the airport samples to estimate

person-trips (visits) for visitors accessing the Florida Keys by the air mode of travel; 1) the number of air enplanements

(people getting on planes leaving the Keys) and 2) the proportion of passengers that were recreating visitors.

Exhibit 9 shows the air enplanement counts for each month of the study period. Exhibit 8 is the tally sheet we used to

gather the information necessary for estimating the proportion of passengers that were recreating visitors. Multiplying

the estimated proportion of recreating visitors by the number of air passenger enplanements yields an estimate of the

number of person-trips (visits) by the air mode of travel. Tables A.1.12 and A.1.13 summarize the estimation for

different sampling periods and seasons.

During July-August 1995, 65.35 percent of the Key West passengers and 61.01 percent of the Marathon passengers were

recreating visitors. For the June-November 1995 study period, we estimate 71,030 person-trips (visits) from the Key

West airport and 8,494 person-trips (visits) from the Marathon airport for a total of 79,524 person-trips (visits) by the air

mode of travel.

During the January-April 1996 sampling period, we estimate 74.74 percent of the Key West passengers and 73.14

percent of the Marathon passengers were recreating visitors. For the December 1995 through May 1996 study period,

we estimate 124,246 person-trips (visits) from the Key West airport and 17,704 person-trips (visits) from the Marathon

airport for a total of 141,950 person-trips (visits) by the air mode of travel.

Across both seasons, we estimate an annual total of 221,474 person-trips (visits) to the Florida Keys by the air mode of

travel. About 88 percent of all the visits by the air mode of travel were made through the Key West airport. A slightly

higher proportion of the Key West air traffic is made-up of recreating visitors.

Person-trips Air Survey: Non-recreating Visitors. Tables A.1.14 and A.1.15 show how we estimated person-trips

(visits) for non-recreating visitors using the airport mode of access. Across both airports and season, the proportion of

air enplanements that were non-recreating visitors were only between 1.32 and 3.67 percent. During the June-November

1995 season, we estimate only 1,946 non-recreating visitors. For the December 1995 through May 1996 period, we

estimate 3,477 non-recreating visitors. For the entire year (June 1995 through May 1996), we estimate 5,423 persontrips (visits) made by non-recreating visitors using the airport mode of access.

Person-trips Air Survey: All Visitors. Combining our estimates of recreating and non-recreating visitors for the airport

mode of access yields an estimate of about 81.5 thousand person-trips (visits) during the June-November 1995 season

and about 145.4 thousand person-trips (visits) during the December 1995 through May 1996 season, for an annual total

of about 227 thousand person-trips (visits) by the airport mode of access.

Cruise Ship Survey. All the cruise ships land their passengers in Key West. Smaller ships are able to dock at Mallory

Square, Truman Annex Pier B, or at the Navy Mole. The Navy Mole began accepting cruise ships during the winter

sampling period. The Navy Mole is also capable of docking larger ships such as the Ecstasy which during the summer

season had to anchor in the channel and ferry passengers to shore at Truman Annex.
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Cruise ships have fixed schedules. Ships docked at Mallory Square must depart before the daily sunset celebration. Most

cruise ships are in Key West for half-a-day or less. During the entire year, there was only one over-night stay and only a few

full-day scheduled stops. The Key West Port Authority keeps data on the number of passengers on each ship that lands in

Key West (Exhibit 12). Two shipping agents handle all the cruise ships that land in Key West, Caribe Nautical and Maritime

Services. Both shipping agents granted us permission to set-up on the docks and survey cruise ship passengers.

Because the cruise ships are self-contained (serve meals aboard) and have relatively short stays, and many ships have to ferry

passengers to and from the ships to Key West (those anchored in the channel), we hypothesized that not all passengers that

are on the cruise ship manifest get off the ship in Key West. Further, we also expected that a small proportion of passengers

might be residents of Monroe County. And, to be consistent with our highway and airport surveys, we should screen-out

cruise ship passengers that are residents of Monroe County.

We had to estimate the proportion of passengers that get off the cruise ships in Key West and the proportion of these passengers that were non-residents of Monroe County. Unlike the highway and airport surveys, all passengers that got off the ships

were presumed to be recreating visitors. We never encountered anyone in our samples from the cruise ships that did not

engage in at least one of the recreation activities on our list.

Proportion of passengers that get off the ships in Key West. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS)

recruited and supervised volunteers for the task of counting the number of passengers that got off the cruise ships in Key

West. Hourly counts were obtained for each ship in the sample. We sampled five ships during the July-August 1995

sampling period and 10 ships during the January-April 1996 sampling period. We attempted to get a representative sample of

different size ships especially with respect to the differences of whether they were anchored or docked.

A problem occurred for those ships docked at Mallory Square and at Truman Annex Pier B. Our counts generally exceeded

the number of passengers on-board. It was not possible to keep count of people that got off and on the ship more than once.

For these ships, we were forced to assume 100 percent of all passengers got off the ship in Key West.

For the ships that anchored and ferried their passengers to Truman Annex, the ferry drop-off location provided a situation

where counts were better controlled. Few, if any, people went back and forth more than once. In none of these cases did 100

percent of the passengers get off the ships according to our counts, thus confirming our hypothesis.

During the January-April 1996 sampling period, the Navy Mole was used by the cruise ships. This is located across town

from where the other ships land their passengers. The Conch Train was used to transport cruise ship passengers from the

Navy Mole to downtown Key West. Our Bicentennial Volunteers were given permission to interview cruise ship passengers

while they waited for the Conch Train for their return trip to the Navy Mole. The volunteers from the FKNMS were given

permission to count the passengers as they got off the ship and onto the Conch Train at the Navy Mole. As with Mallory

Square and Truman Annex Pier B, our counts resulted in an estimate that 100 percent of all passengers got off the ship in

Key West. However, unlike the situations at Mallory Square and Truman Annex Pier B, the counting was much more

controlled at the Navy Mole. It would appear that avoidance of the ferry ride is what keeps some cruise ship passengers from

getting off the ships in Key West. So one need only worry about adjusting cruise ship passenger counts when the proportion

of passengers on boats anchoring is significant.

Person-trips Cruise Ships. During July-August 1995, we estimate that 90.64 percent of all cruise ship passengers got off the

ships in Key West and that 98.83 percent of them were recreating visitors. With 121,048 cruise ship passengers arriving

during the June-November 1995 period, we estimate 108,434 person-trips (visits) to the Florida Keys by the cruise ship mode

of travel (Table A.1.16).

During January-April 1996, we estimate that 94.81 percent of all cruise ship passengers got off the cruise ships in Key West

and that 95.47 percent of them were recreating visitors. With 235,185 cruise ship passengers arriving during the December

1995 through may 1996 period, we estimate that 212,878 person-trips (visits) to the Florida Keys by the cruise ship mode of

travel (Table A.1.16).

For the entire year (June 1995 through May 1996), we estimate 321,312 person-trips (visits) to the Florida Keys were made

by the cruise ship mode of travel.
7

Summary: Person-trips (visits)

Tables A.1.17 - A.1.19 summarize our estimates of person-trips (visits) by type of visitor (e.g. recreating, non-recreating and

all), by sampling period (July-August 1995 and January-April 1996), and by mode of access (e.g. auto, air and cruise ship).

Tables A.1.20 - A.1.22 summarize the same information for the June-November 1995 and December 1995 through May 1996

seasons.

June-November 1995. We estimate about 1.17 million person-trips (visits) were made by recreating visitors across all three

modes of access to the Florida Keys. About 84.0 percent came by auto, 6.8 percent by air, and 9.3 percent by cruise ship. An

additional 219.4 thousand person-trips (visits) were made by non-recreating visitors for a total of about 1.39 million persontrips (visits) by all visitors.

December ’95 - May ’96. We estimate about 1.368 million person-trips (visits) were made by recreating visitors across all

three modes of access to the Florida Keys. About 74 percent came by auto, 10.4 percent by air, and 15.6 percent by cruise

ship. An additional 297 thousand person-trips (visits) were made by non-recreating visitors for a total of over 1.67 million

person-trips (visits) by all visitors.

June ’95 - May ’96. We estimate about 2.54 million person-trips (visits) were made by recreating visitors across all three

modes of access to the Florida Keys. About 78.6 percent came by auto, 8.7 percent by air, and 12.7 percent by cruise ship.

An additional 517 thousand person-trips (visits) were made by non-recreating visitors for a total of over 3.0 million persontrips (visits) by all visitors.

Person-days

As discussed above, the concept of a person-trip (visit) is important for several purposes in the study. However, person-trips

(visits) are not of constant length. The person-trip (visit) measurement doesn’t tell us much about the relative congestion in

the Keys during different seasons. As Table A.1.20 shows, there is very little difference between the estimated number of

person-trips (visits) for the June-November 1995 and December 1995 - May 1996 seasons (1.17 million versus 1.368

million). But anyone familiar with the Florida Keys would readily attest to the fact that, on average, it is much busier during

the December 1995 - May 1996 season than the June-November 1995 season.

Person-days is the appropriate measure to reflect the total demand placed on facilities and services by visitors to the Florida

Keys. We can estimate person-days for each sampling period and season with measures obtained on the average length of

stay for visitors by mode of access and season. Estimates of the average length of stay (measured in number of days) are

summarized in Table A.1.23. These estimates were derived from the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship on-site samples. These

estimates are for recreating visitors. Since we did not interview non-recreating visitors, we had to assume that non-recreating

visitors have the same average length of stay as recreating visitors. Since the probability of engaging in a recreation activity

is related to the length of stay, our estimates for non-recreating visitors will most likely be overstated or biased upwards. We

can account for this upward bias by developing a range of estimates based on reducing the average length of stay for nonrecreating visitors by 50 percent. The estimate using the assumption that non-recreating visitors, on average, stay about half

the number of days of recreating visitors will be called a lower bound estimate.

Person-days are derived by multiplying the estimates of person-trips (visits) by the average length of stay. Tables A.1.24 -

A.1.29 summarize the results for different types of visitors (e.g., recreating, non-recreating, and all), by mode of access, and

by sampling period or season.

Table A.1.29 contains the summary for all types of visitors during the June-November 1995 and December 1995 - May 1996

seasons plus an annual total. We estimate that during the June-November 1995 season, there were between 4.64 and 5.83

million person-days of visitation in the Florida Keys. This translates into between 25 and 32 thousand visitors in the Keys on

an average day. With a resident population of about 80 thousand, we estimate an average “functional population” of between 105 and 112 thousand people. This is an estimate of the number of people requiring facilities and services in the Keys

on an average (not peak) day during this time period.

For the December 1995 - May 1996 season, we estimate between 9.4 and 10.4 million person-days of visitation. This

translates into between 51 and 57 thousand visitors in the Keys on an average day during this season. Again, with a resident

population of about 80 thousand, we estimate an average of between 131 and 137 thousand people per day during this time

period.
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As a comparison, Price Waterhouse and Wallace Roberts & Todd prepared estimates of the “functional population” for

Monroe County for the years 1985 and 1990 and forecasted this to the year 2010. For 1995, they forecasted a “functional

population” (residents and visitors on a peak day) of 145,800. This estimate is considerably higher than what we have

estimated here for both seasons. The estimates here, however, are for an average, not peak day.

Consistency Checks

Several consistency checks were performed to validate our estimates of total visitation. From sample data and our visitation

estimates, it was possible to estimate campground usage, hotel, motel and vacation rental usage, total lodging expenditures,

and expenditures on food & beverages. For each of these items, official reported statistics exist with which we can compare

our estimates to gauge whether they are reasonably accurate. This is only a rough test since the official reported statistics

may contain under-reporting or other inaccuracies. For an example, see the guest editorial by Bernard Matthews on the

number of vacation rentals (Solares Hill, October 3, 1996).

Campground Usage. Before estimating campsite usage, we compiled a list of campgrounds and number of campsites so

campsite capacity could be calculated. Three sources were used: Trailer Life Campground/RV Park Services Directory

1995, The Monroe County Tourist Development Council (licensed campgrounds), and the State of Florida’s, Department of

Natural Resources 1991 outdoor recreation facilities inventory. From all three sources, it is estimated that there are 4,367

campsites in the Florida Keys (see Table A.1.30). Next our sample estimates of the percent of auto visitors that participated

in camping were combined with our estimates of the number of auto visitors to estimate the number of person-trips of

camping in each season. Estimates of the number of nights of camping per trip were then multiplied by the number of

person-trips of camping to get an estimate of the number of person-nights of camping. This estimate was then divided by the

average number per camping party to get the number of campsites used in each season. The number of campsites times the

number of nights in each six-month season (183) yields an estimate of campsite capacity. Campsite usage divided by total

campsite capacity yields an estimate of capacity utilization. It is estimated that capacity utilization was 51.52 percent for the

year, 8.72 percent during the summer season and 94.31 percent during the winter season. These calculations are summarized

in Table A.1.31.

Hotel, Motel and Vacation Rental Usage. Following similar methods followed above, we were able to estimate hotel and

motel and vacation rental usage. For hotel, motel and vacation rental units, we obtained information on the number of units

from the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation, Division of Hotels and Restaurants, the Monroe

County Tax Collector’s Office, Occupational Licensing Department, and from a guest editorial by Bernard Matthews, a

Realtor specializing in vacation rentals, published in Solares Hill, October 3, 1996. Of importance here is that this editorial

included estimates of 4,100 licensed vacation rental units and 4,000 estimated unlicensed rental units. We calculated

capacity utilization using all licensed units, licensed and unlicensed vacation rentals (8,100 units), and rental units assuming

only half the number of unlicensed units (total of 6,100 units). Table A.1.32 summarizes our calculations. Using the

estimate of 13,239 licensed units, we estimate an annual capacity utilization rate of 66.73 percent (56.56 percent during the

summer and 76.90 percent during the winter). For vacation rental units only using the 8,100 units estimate, we estimate an

annual capacity utilization rate of 32.99 percent (31.24 percent during the summer and 34.74 percent during the winter).

Using the 6,100 units estimate, we estimate an annual vacation rental utilization rate of 43.81 percent (41.48 percent during

the summer and 46.13 percent during the winter). This estimate is close to the estimate of the average of 23 weeks of rental

per unit used in the article by Bernard Matthews (23 divided by 52 weeks is about 44 percent).

Lodging and Food & Beverage Expenditures. Another way of looking at consistency is to approach it from the expenditure/

reported sales approach. Using our visitation estimates and our estimates of average expenditures per person per trip for

lodging and food & beverages, we estimate total expenditures and compare these to reported sales from the State of Florida’s

Department of Revenue for Monroe County corresponding to our time period of estimation (June 1995 - May 1996). For

lodging (private lodging establishments only since government owned facilities revenues are not in those reported by the

Department of Revenue), we estimated over $392 million compared to almost $403 million reported by the Department of

Revenue. Thus using our estimates imply that recreating visitors account for 97.3 percent of reported lodging expenditures.

If we include the revenue currently unreported from 2,000 unlicensed vacation rentals (the 6,100 units= 4,100 licensed +

2,000 unlicensed) of $80 million, our estimate is only 81.18 percent of reported plus unreported revenue. For food &beverages, we estimate recreating visitors accounted for 68 percent of reported sales and if we assume about 10 percent under

reporting due to tips (which are included in visitor spending), our estimate is 61.82 percent of all sales. These calculations

are summarized in Table A.1.33.
9

Capacity Utilization Method of Visitor Estimation - A Comparison

Another consistency check is to compare our visitation estimates with estimates derived from an alternative method commonly used, called the capacity utilization method. This method of estimation requires estimates of the number of units of

campsites, hotel, motel, and vacation rental units as we used above in our consistency checks along with capacity utilization

rates from the industry or association representing the industry. Also required are estimates of the number of day-visitors and

the number of visitors who stay with family and friends. A.T. Kearney, Inc. (1990) used this method for the Florida Keys.

We used our surveys to estimate the number of day-visitors and the number of visitors staying with family and friends and

the capacity utilization rates for each type of accommodation used by A.T. Kearney. We estimate three different scenarios

based on different numbers of vacation rental units. Our estimates using the capacity utilization method range from 2.3

million to 2.7 million (see Tables A.1.34, A.1.35 and A.1.36). Thus, our estimate, derived using our estimation methodology

of 2.54 million is within the range of estimates derived using this alternative method of estimating visitation.

Visitation Estimates and the Economy of Monroe County

One of the primary objectives of this study is to estimate the economic contribution that recreation/tourism makes to Monroe

County. Visitation estimates are crucial input into this estimation procedure. Over the past several years, there have been

many visitor estimates that have circulated throughout Monroe County. Estimates of 2 million, 4 million and 6 million can

be found in the socioeconomic impact assessment of the Draft Management Plan of the Florida Keys National Marine

Sanctuary. Although these estimates likely refer to different time periods, only the 2 million estimate for 1990 by A.T.

Kearney was coordinated with an attempt to estimate the corresponding economic contribution. As we will demonstrate, the

estimates of 4 million and 6 million visitors are not consistent with the overall economy of Monroe County for the period

June 1995 - May 1996. Table A.1.37 contains a summary of a set of consistency checks we performed using alternative

visitation estimates. The table also contains our visitation estimate of 2.54 million and three alternative levels of visitation; 3

million, 4 million, and 6 million. We conclude that estimates of recreating visitors (remember we estimate a total of all

visitors of a little over 3 million, that includes recreating and nonrecreating visitors) of 3 million and higher are not consistent with the economy of Monroe County for the period June 1995 - May 1996.

The 4 million and 6 million visitor estimates can be easily rejected because they fail most, if not all, the consistency checks

(see Table A.1.37). The 3 million estimate requires more context for this judgment. Except for lodging expenditures, the 3

million estimate may not at first seem inconsistent. The estimate does not yield estimates that exceed 100 percent for any

item other than lodging expenditures and even this estimate is less than 100 percent, if we accept estimates of under reporting

in the vacation rental market of 2,000 units and $80 million.

As we delve further into the lodging issue, we looked at hotel, motel, vacation rental, and campsite capacity utilization rates.

A combined capacity utilization rate for the year of 78.80 percent for hotels, motels, and vacation rentals is higher than

weighted average capacity utilization rate used by A.T. Kearney (1990) of 75.3 percent (weighted average of 79.3 percent

for hotels and motels and 44 percent for vacation rentals). This is not greatly different, but remember that the 78.8 percent

capacity utilization rate is for all visitors (recreating and nonrecreating), whereas our estimates are for recreating visitors

only. So, in our judgment, the 3 million recreating visitor estimate does not pass this consistency check. If we break-down

the 3 million recreating visitor estimate by season, the corresponding capacity utilization rates would be 66.79 percent for the

June - November 1995 season and 90.82 percent for the December 1995 - May 1996 season. This would further reinforce the

conclusion that 3 million recreating visitors is not consistent with hotel, motel, and vacation rental capacity utilization rates.

The campsite capacity utilization rate for the 3 million recreating visitor estimate of 60.83 percent is not too much higher than

that reported by A. T. Kearney (1990) of 57 percent. However, when we did a break-down by season, the December 1995 -

May 1996 season estimate of capacity utilization was 111.37 percent. Thus, we conclude that the estimate of 3 million

recreating visitors is not consistent with campsite capacity utilization.

The estimates for the percent of the economy for output/sales, income and employment associated with the estimate of 3

million recreating visitors may not seem inconsistent. None of the estimates exceed 100 percent and they are not that much

higher than those for our estimate of 2.54 million recreating visitors. To understand why these estimates are inconsistent

requires a better understanding of the entire Monroe County economy, especially the “basic” industries.

Basic industries are the driving force in an economy. Basic industries are characterized by the sources of demand for local

goods and services originating outside the region of study. In this cases, from outside Monroe County. Tourists in this study

are defined as nonresidents of Monroe County. So the demand for goods and services by tourists to Monroe County is
10101010p

10

generated from income sources outside the county. There are several other “basic” industries in Monroe County. The

retirement community is a basic industry because much of the income they receive (e.g. pensions, dividends, social security

and medicare payments) are not related to income generating activities in Monroe County. However, this income received in

Monroe County is spent on goods and services in Monroe County. Thus, the retirement community is a source of new

money into the County and becomes a driving force in the local economy. The Keys as a “bedroom community” is also a

basic industry. Residents of Monroe County that work outside the county bring income into the county and spend it on local

goods and services. The military is also a basic industry. Federal dollars supporting operations and the wages and salaries of

military personnel are to a large extent, spent locally. The final major basic industry is the commercial fishery. It is estimated that anywhere from 75 to 95 percent of the commercial landings in Monroe County are exported. This portion of the

commercial fishery is thus a basic industry.

There have not been any detailed studies of all the basic industries in Monroe County to determine the contribution of each

while ensuring that together they do not account for more than 100 percent of the economy, but there have been studies on

several of these industries and there is some data that would give us a rough guide as to their possible cumulative total.

Residents of Monroe County that worked outside Monroe County earned $116.5 million in 1994. Military wages and salaries

were $58.5 million in 1994. A recent study done for the Monroe County Commercial Fishermen, Inc. by CEMR (1995)

estimated that income generated by the commercial fishery is around $100 million. Dividends, interest, rent, and transfer

payments (most of this associated with the retirement community) was over $1 billion in 1994. Not all of the bedroom

community’s income, retirement income, or military wages and salaries are spent locally in Monroe County but we could

expect that a fairly high percentage of it is. Cumulatively, we could expect that these basic industries account for 35 to 40

percent of output/sales, 50 to 55 percent of income, and 50 to 55 percent of all employment in Monroe County. When put in

the context of these estimates, the estimate in Table A.1.37 for the percent of output/sales, income and employment associated with the estimate of 3 million recreating visitors are not consistent with the Monroe County economy. Our estimate of

2.54 million recreating visitors is consistent with the Monroe County economy.

_________________________

1

 We compared visitor profiles collected by the Monroe County Tourist Development council for years 1991 and 1992. In

these years, both months included and excluded from our sample were included and origin and length of stay information was

available to compare visitors during different months. We found that visitors during June, September, October, and November more like visitors during July and August than during January-April, and visitors during December and May were more

like visitors during the January-April season than the July-August season. We also talked with several businesses throughout

the Florida Keys about our season aggregations. The overwhelming majority agreed with our aggregations. Those that

questioned it, thought that there was a definite season break at Thanksgiving. Dividing the month of November into before

and after Thanksgiving would not be possible with air enplanement data or cruise ship passenger counts. But this may not

be necessary anyway because our method of counting visitation captures people at the end of their trip and the information

we obtain is about the time they spent on their current visit. Thus, most of the visitors that arrived after Thanksgiving would

be counted in December counts. Therefore, we placed November in the June-November season.

2

 Sample weighting will be discussed in Chapter 2 of this appendix.

3

 The Bicentennial Volunteers, Inc. is an organization made-up of primarily retired Tennessee Valley Authority employees.

Members volunteer their time to various public projects throughput the Nation. The volunteers are engaged in a variety of

efforts from teaching water safety classes to manning visitor centers at local, state, and federal parks. A cadre of volunteers

have their own recreational vehicles (RVs) and have been doing survey work for federal and state agencies since 1988. The

U.S. Forest Service and NOAA have used the volunteers at over 100 sites since 1988. We negotiate for free campsites for the

volunteers and reimburse them for mileage and provide them $38 per couple per day for food and other costs. There were 12

volunteers in the Florida Keys during July-August, 1995 and 18 during January-April, 1996.

4

 Off-duty members of the Florida Highway Patrol, the Monroe County Sheriff’s Department, and the Florida Marine Patrol

were hired to implement traffic control and provide security to our interviewers (the Bicentennial volunteers). Lt. Russ Bass

of the Florida Highway Patrol coordinated all the officers. Lt. Hank Arnold of the Monroe County Sheriff’s Department

handled administrative details and coordinated scheduling for the Monroe County Sheriff’s Department during the JulyAugust, 1995 sampling period. Two officers were used on each sampling day. This was especially important during the

summer because of the heat. Officers took half-hour turns directing traffic to the parking lot.

5

 The Kolmogorov-Smirnoff, two-sample test tests for differences in the entire empirical distribution function not just

particular moments of the distribution like the mean or median.
11

Table A.1.1 Total Auto Traffic Counts on U.S. 1

 (MM106.5, Northbound lanes) By Sampling

 Period Season, and Type and Time of Day

______________________________________________

Sampling Period or Season/ Traffic

Type and Time of Day Counts Percent

______________________________________________

July-August 1995 676,425 100.00

Week Day Mornings 156,951 23.20

Week Day Afternoons 247,509 36.59

Weekend Mornings 74,848 11.07

Weekend Afternoons 197,117 29.14

January-April 1996 1,464,976 100.00

Week Day Mornings 394,712 26.95

Week Day Afternoons 583,816 39.85

Weekend Mornings 147,870 10.09

Weekend Afternoons 338,578 23.11

June-November 1995 1,848,454 100.00

Week Day Mornings 474,964 25.70

Week Day Afternoons 705,302 38.15

Weekend Mornings 195,162 10.56

Weekend Afternoons 473,026 25.59

Dec. ’95 - May ‘96 2,130,724 100.00

Week Day Mornings 565,918 26.56

Week Day Afternoons 839,975 39.42

Weekend Mornings 220,942 10.37

Weekend Afternoons 503,889 23.65

______________________________________________

Source: Florida Department of Transportation

Table A.1.2 Proportions of Eligible Sample-type Vehicles on U.S. 1 By Season

 and Type and time of Day

__________________________________________________________________

 Proportion of Sample-type Vehicles (%)

 ________________________________

Season/

Type and Time of Day Left Lane Right Lane K-S Test*

__________________________________________________________________

July-August 1995

Week Day Mornings 88.57 79.50 Statistically different

Week Day Afternoons 91.76 84.86 Statistically different

Weekend Mornings 97.92 100.00 No difference

Weekend Afternoons 97.14 99.50 No difference

January-April 1996

Week Day Mornings 88.08 88.35 No difference

Week Day Afternoons 90.20 86.86 No difference

Weekend Mornings 97.01 97.97 No difference

Weekend Afternoons 96.09 96.48 No difference

__________________________________________________________________

 * Kolmogorov-Smirnoff Two-Sample Test for differences in the empirical

 distribution function.
12121212p

12

Table A.1.3 Proportion of Recreating Visitors By Mode of Access and Season

____________________________________________________________________________

 Non-exiting

Mode of Access/ Recreating Non-recreating Recreating

Sampling Period Visitors (%) Visitors (%) Residents (%) Visitors (%)

____________________________________________________________________________

Auto Visitors

July-August 1995

Week Day Mornings 16.75 7.50 69.48 6.27

Week Day Afternoons 22.63 44.00 31.21 2.15

Weekend Mornings 18.20 7.98 68.33 5.49

Weekend Afternoons 27.93 41.29 27.58 3.20

January-April 1996

Week Day Mornings 22.25 7.12 53.10 17.53

Week Day Afternoons 22.05 42.35 28.44 7.16

Weekend Mornings 24.45 7.07 54.17 14.31

Weekend Afternoons 20.46 45.36 24.18 10.00

Air Visitors

Key West

July-August 1995 65.35 1.32 33.33 N/A

January-April 1996 74.74 1.79 23.47 N/A

Marathon

July-August 1995 61.01 3.67 35.32 N/A

January-April 1996 73.14 2.07 24.79 N/A

Cruise Ship Visitors

July-August 1995 98.83 0.00 1.17 N/A

January-April 1996 95.47 0.00 4.53 N/A

__________________________________________________________________________
13

Table A.1.4 Number of Person-trips (visits) By Mode of Access, July-August 1995: Recreating Visitors

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Proportion of Total Average Total

Proportion Total Sample-type Vehicles Number Number of

of Traffic Sample Vehicles With With of People Person-trips

Total Sample-type Type Recreating Recreating Per By Recreating

Type and Time of Day Traffic Vehicles Vehicles Visitors Visitors Vehicle Visitors

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Morning 156,951 85.64 134,413 16.75 22,514 2.85 64,165

Week Day Afternoon 247,509 89.21 220,807 22.63 49,969 2.85 142,412

Weekend Morning 74,848 98.67 73,853 18.20 13,441 2.85 38,307

Weekend Afternoon 197,117 97.90 192,978 27.93 53,899 2.85 153,612

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 676,425 91.96 622,051 22.48 139,823 2.85 398,496

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Table A.1.5 Number of Person-trips (visits) By Mode of Access, January-April 1996: Recreating Visitors

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Proportion of Total Average Total

Proportion Total Sample-type Vehicles Number Number of

of Traffic Sample Vehicles With With of People Person-trips

Total Sample-type Type Recreating Recreating Per By Recreating

Type and Time of Day Traffic Vehicles Vehicles Visitors Visitors Vehicle Visitors

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Morning 394,712 88.35 348,728 22.25 77,592 2.43 188,549

Week Day Afternoon 583,816 86.86 507,103 22.05 111,816 2.43 271,713

Weekend Morning 147,870 97.97 144,868 24.45 35,420 2.43 86,071

Weekend Afternoon 338,578 96.48 326,660 20.46 66,835 2.43 162,409

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 1,464,976 90.61 1,327,359 21.97 291,663 2.43 708,742

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14141414p

14

Table A.1.6 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, June - November 1995: Recreating Visitors

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Step 1. Derivation of Resident Vehicles Per Day

Proportion of Number of Number of

Traffic Eligible Resident Resident Vehicles

July - August 1995 Residents (%) Vehicles Vehicles Per Day 1

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Mornings 69.48 134,413 93,390 2,122

Week Day Afternoons 31.21 220,807 68,914 1,566

Weekend Mornings 68.33 73,853 50,464 2,804

Weekend Afternoons 27.58 192,978 53,223 2,957

Step 2. Derivation of Adjustment to Recreating Visitor Proportion

Based on the Constant Resident Assumption

Number of Adjustment

Resident Number of Proportion of to Recreating

Eligible Vehicles Resident Traffic Visitor

June - November 1995 Vehicles Per Day Vehicles 2 Resident Proportion (%)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Mornings 406,759 2,122 277,982 68.34 -

Week Day Afternoons 629,200 1,566 205,146 32.60 -1.39

Weekend Mornings 192,566 2,804 145,808 75.72 -7.39

Weekend Afternoons 463,092 2,957 153,764 33.20 -5.62

Step 3. Derivation of Estimates for Extrapolation Months

Using the Constant Resident Assumption

Adjusted Number of Number of

Proportion of Vehicles with Visitors Number of

Recreating Eligible Recreating Per Recreating

June, Sept., Oct., Nov. Visitors (%)3 Vehicles Visitors Vehicle Visitors

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Mornings 16.75 272,346 45,618 2.85 130,011

Week Day Afternoons 21.24 408,393 86,743 2.85 247,218

Weekend Mornings 10.81 118,713 12,833 2.85 36,574

Weekend Afternoons 22.31 270,114 60,262 2.85 171,747

 Total 19.21 1,069,566 205,456 2.85 585,550

Step 4. Estimates for June - November 1995

 Number of Person-trips (visits)

 ______________________________________________________

June, Sept. , Oct.

Type of Day July - Aug 1995 & Nov. 1995 June - November 1995

____________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Mornings 64,165 130,011 194,176

Week Day Afternoons 142,412 247,218 389,630

Weekend Mornings 38,307 36,574 74,881

Weekend Afternoons 153,612 171,747 325,359

 Total 398,496 585,550 984,041

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Number of resident vehicles divided by the number of days in July - Aug. 1995. There were 44 week days and 18 weekend days in the

July - Aug. 1995 period.

2. Number of resident vehicles per day times the number of days in the June- November 1995 season. There were 131 week days and 52 weekend days in

the June-November 1995 season.

3. Column 4, Table A.1.4 minus the adjustment to recreating visitor proportions from Step2.
15

Table A.1.7 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, Dec. 1995 - May 1996: Recreating Visitors

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Step 1. Derivation of Resident Vehicles Per Day

Proportion of Number of Number of

Traffic Eligible Resident Resident Vehicles

January - April 1996 Residents (%) Vehicles Vehicles Per Day 1

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Mornings 53.10 348,728 185,175 2,128

Week Day Afternoons 28.44 507,103 144,220 1,658

Weekend Mornings 54.17 144,868 78,475 2,308

Weekend Afternoons 24.18 326,660 78,986 2,323

Step 2. Derivation of Adjustment to Recreating Visitor Proportion

Based on the Constant Resident Assumption

Number of Adjustment

Resident Number of Proportion of to Recreating

Eligible Vehicles Resident Traffic Visitor

Dec. 1995 - May 1996 Vehicles Per Day Vehicles 2 Resident Proportion (%)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Mornings 499,989 2,128 278,768 55.75 -2.65

Week Day Afternoons 729,602 1,658 217,198 29.77 -1.33

Weekend Mornings 216,457 2,308 120,016 55.45 -1.28

Weekend Afternoons 486,152 2,323 120,796 24.85 -0.67

Step 3. Derivation of Estimates for Extrapolation Months

Using the Constant Resident Assumption

Adjusted Number of Number of

Proportion of Vehicles with Visitors Number of

Recreating Eligible Recreating Per Recreating

Dec. ‘95 & May ‘96 Visitors (%)3 Vehicles Visitors Vehicle Visitors

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Mornings 19.60 151,261 29,647 2.43 72,042

Week Day Afternoons 20.72 222,499 46,102 2.43 112,028

Weekend Mornings 23.17 71,589 16,587 2.43 40,307

Weekend Afternoons 19.78 159,492 31,548 2.43 77,293

 Total 20.48 604,841 123,884 2.43 301,670

Step 4. Estimates for Dec. 1995 - May 1996

 Number of Person-trips (visits)

 ______________________________________________________

Type of Day Jan. - Apr. Dec. & May Dec. 1995 - May 1996

________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Mornings 188,549 72,042 260,591

Week Day Afternoons 271,713 112,028 383,741

Weekend Mornings 86,071 40,307 126,378

Weekend Afternoons 162,409 77,293 239,702

 Total 708,742 301,670 1,010,412

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Number of resident vehicles divided by the number of days in January - April 1996. There were 87 week days and 34 weekend days in the January -

April 1996 period.

2. Number of resident vehicles per day times the number of days in the Dec. 1995 - May 1996 season. There were 131 week days and 52 weekend days in

the Dec. 1995 - May 1996 season.

3. Column 4, Table A.1.5 minus the adjustment to recreating visitor proportions from Step 2.
16161616p

16

Table A.1.8 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, July-August 1995: Non-Recreating Visitors

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Number of

Proportion Number of Vehicles Number of

of Traffic Vehicles with Number of with other Visitors Number of

Nonrecreating Eligible Nonrecreating Vehicles with Nonrecreating Per Nonrecreating

Type and Time of Day Visitors Vehicles Visitors Commuters1 Visitors2 Vehicle3 Visitors

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Morning 7.50 134,413 10,081 0 10,081 1.5 15,122

Week Day Afternoon 44.00 220,807 97,155 88,704 8,451 1.5 12,675

Weekend Morning 7.98 73,853 5,893 0 5,893 1.5 8,840

Weekend Afternoon 41.29 192,978 79,681 36,288 43,393 1.5 65,090

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 31.00 622,051 192,810 124,992 67,818 1.5 101,727

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Commuters are workers that live outside the Florida Keys but work inside the Florida Keys. Number of commuters estimated from the Census of

Intercounty Commuters (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1996).

2. Column 3 minus Column 4.

3.. This estimate is based on an assumption of 1.5 people per vehicle.

Table A.1.9 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, January - April 1996: Non-Recreating Visitors

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Number of

Proportion Number of Vehicles Number of

of Traffic Vehicles with Number of with other Visitors Number of

Nonrecreating Eligible Nonrecreating Vehicles with Nonrecreating Per Nonrecreating

Type and Time of Day Visitors Vehicles Visitors Commuters1 Visitors2 Vehicle3 Visitors

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Morning 7.12 348,728 24,829 0 24,829 1.5 37,243

Week Day Afternoon 42.35 507,103 214,758 175,392 39,366 1.5 59,049

Weekend Morning 7.07 144,868 10,242 0 10,242 1.5 15,363

Weekend Afternoon 45.36 326,660 148,173 68,544 79,629 1.5 119,444

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 29.98 1,327,359 398,002 243,936 154,066 1.5 231,099

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Commuters are workers that live outside the Florida Keys but work inside the Florida Keys. Number of commuters estimated from the Census of

Intercounty Commuters (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1996).

2. Column 3 minus Column 4.

3.. This estimate is based on an assumption of 1.5 people per vehicle.
17

Table A.1.10 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, June - November 1995: Non-Recreating Visitors

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Number of

Proportion Number of Vehicles Number of

of Traffic Vehicles with Number of with other Visitors Number of

Nonrecreating Eligible Nonrecreating Vehicles with Nonrecreating Per Nonrecreating

Type and Time of Day Visitors Vehicles Visitors Commuters1 Visitors2 Vehicle3 Visitors

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Morning 7.50 406,759 30,507 0 30,507 1.5 45,760

Week Day Afternoon 44.00 629,200 276,848 264,096 12,752 1.5 19,128

Weekend Morning 7.98 192,566 15,367 0 15,367 1.5 23,051

Weekend Afternoon 41.29 463,092 191,211 104,832 86,379 1.5 129,569

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 30.38 1,691,617 513,933 368,928 145,005 1.5 217,508

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Commuters are workers that live outside the Florida Keys but work inside the Florida Keys. Number of commuters estimated from the Census of

Intercounty Commuters (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1996).

2. Column 3 minus Column 4.

3.. This estimate is based on an assumption of 1.5 people per vehicle.

Table A.1.11 Number of Person-trips (visits) by Auto Mode of Access, December 1995 - May 1996: Non-Recreating Visitors

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Number of

Proportion Number of Vehicles Number of

of Traffic Vehicles with Number of with other Visitors Number of

Nonrecreating Eligible Nonrecreating Vehicles with Nonrecreating Per Nonrecreating

Type and Time of Day Visitors Vehicles Visitors Commuters1 Visitors2 Vehicle3 Visitors

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week Day Morning 7.12 499,989 35,599 0 35,599 1.5 53,399

Week Day Afternoon 42.35 729,602 308,986 275,100 33,886 1.5 50,829

Weekend Morning 7.07 216,457 15,304 0 15,304 1.5 22,956

Weekend Afternoon 45.36 486,152 220,519 109,200 111,319 1.5 166,978

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 30.04 1,932,200 580,408 384,300 196,108 1.5 294,162

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Commuters are workers that live outside the Florida Keys but work inside the Florida Keys. Number of commuters estimated from the Census of

Intercounty Commuters (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1996).

2. Column 3 minus Column 4.

3.. This estimate is based on an assumption of 1.5 people per vehicle.
18181818p

18

Table A.1.12 Number of Person-trips (visits) By the Air Mode of Access, July-August

 1995 and June-November 1995: Recreating Visitors

_______________________________________________________________________

 July-August 1995 June-November 1995

 __________________________________ ________________________

 Proportion

 of

 Passengers Number Number

 Air Recreating of Air of

Airport Enplanements Visitors Person-trips Enplanements Person-trips

_______________________________________________________________________

Key West 33,710 65.35 22,030 108,691 71,030

Marathon 4,616 61.01 2,816 13,922 8,494

_______________________________________________________________________

Total 38,326 64.83 24,846 122,613 79,524

_______________________________________________________________________

Table A.1.13 Number of Person-trips (visits) By the Air Mode of Access, January-April

 1996 and December 1995 - May 1996: Recreating Visitors

_______________________________________________________________________

 January-April 1996 December 1995 - May 1996

 __________________________________ _________________________

 Proportion

 of

 Passengers Number Number

 Air Recreating of Air of

Airport Enplanements Visitors Person-trips Enplanements Person-trips

_______________________________________________________________________

Key West 119,134 74.74 89,041 166,237 124,256

Marathon 18,304 73.14 13,388 24,206 17,704

_______________________________________________________________________

Total 137,438 74.53 102,429 190,443 141,950

_______________________________________________________________________
19

Table A.1.14 Number of Person-trips (visits) By the Air Mode of Access, July-August

 1995 and June-November 1995: Non-recreating Visitors

________________________________________________________________________

 July-August 1995 June-November 1995

 __________________________________ __________________________

 Proportion

 of

 Passengers Number Number

 Air Recreating of Air of

Airport Enplanements Visitors Person-trips Enplanements Person-trips

________________________________________________________________________

Key West 33,710 1.32 445 108,691 1,435

Marathon 4,616 3.67 169 13,922 511

________________________________________________________________________

Total 38,326 1.60 614 122,613 1,946

________________________________________________________________________

Table A.1.15 Number of Person-trips (visits) By the Air Mode of Access, January-April

 1996 and December 1995 - May 1996: Non-recreating Visitors

_________________________________________________________________________

 January-April 1996 December 1995 - May 1996

 __________________________________ ___________________________

 Proportion

 of

 Passengers Number Number

 Air Recreating of Air of

Airport Enplanements Visitors Person-trips Enplanements Person-trips

_________________________________________________________________________

Key West 119,134 1.79 2,132 166,237 2,976

Marathon 18,304 2.07 379 24,206 501

_________________________________________________________________________

Total 137,438 1.83 2,511 190,443 3,477

_________________________________________________________________________

Table A.1.16 Number of Person-trips (visits) By the Cruise Ship Mode of Access and

 Season

_______________________________________________________________________

 1 2 3 4 5

 Percent

 that Number Number

 Get Off Off Percent of

Season Arrivals Ship Ship Visitors Person-trips

_______________________________________________________________________

July-August 1995 35,887 90.64 32,528 98.83 32,147

June-November 1995 121,048 90.64 109,718 98.83 108,434

January-April 1996 171,308 94.81 162,417 95.47 155,060

Dec. ’95 - May ‘96 235,185 94.81 222,979 95.47 212,878

_______________________________________________________________________
20202020p

20

 Table A.1.19 Number of Person-trips (visits) By Mode of Access and

 Sampling Period: All Visitors

______________________________________________________________________

 July-August 1995 January-April 1996

 ______________________ _____________________

Mode of Access Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent

______________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 500,223 89.67 939,841 78.33

2. Air 25,460 4.57 104,940 8.75

3. Cruise Ship 32,147 5.76 155,060 12.92

______________________________________________________________________

Total 557,830 100.0 1,199,841 100.0

______________________________________________________________________

Table A.1.17 Estimated Number of Person-trips (visits) By Mode of Access and

 Sampling Period: Recreating Visitors

______________________________________________________________________

 July-August 1995 January-April 1996

 ____________________ ____________________

Mode of Access Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent

______________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 398,496 87.49 708,742 73.35

2. Air 24,846 5.45 102,429 10.60

 a) Key West 22,030 4.84 89,041 9.21

 b) Marathon 2,816 0.61 13,388 1.39

3. Cruise Ship 32,147 7.06 155,060 16.05

______________________________________________________________________

Total 455,489 100.0 966,231 100.0

______________________________________________________________________

 Table A.1.18 Estimated Number of Person-trips (visits) By Mode of Access and

 Sampling Period: Non-recreating Visitors

______________________________________________________________________

 July-August 1995 January-April 1996

 _____________________ _____________________

Mode of Access Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent

______________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 101,727 99.40 231,099 98.92

2. Air 614 0.60 2,511 1.08

3. Cruise Ship 0 0.00 0 0.00

______________________________________________________________________

Total 102,341 100.0 233,610 100.0

______________________________________________________________________
21

 Table A.1.20 Number of Person-trips (visits) By Mode of Access and Season - Recreating Visitors

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 June - November 1995 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 Annual Total

 ______________________ _____________________ _____________________

Mode of Access Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 984,041 83.96 1,010,412 74.01 1,994,453 78.61

2. Air 79,524 6.79 141,950 10.40 221,474 8.73

 a) Key West 71,030 6.06 124,246 9.10 195,276 7.70

 b) Marathon 8,494 0.73 17,704 1.30 26,198 1.03

3. Cruise Ship 108,434 9.25 212,878 15.59 321,312 12.66

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 1,171,999 100.0 1,368,484 100.0 2,540,483 100.0

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Table A.1.21 Number of Person-trips (visits) By Mode of Access and Season : Non-Recreating Visitors

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 June - November 1995 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 Annual Total

 ______________________ _____________________ ___________________

Mode of Access Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 217,508 99.11 294,162 98.83 511,670 98.95

2. Air 1,946 0.89 3,477 1.17 5,423 1.05

 a) Key West 1,435 0.65 2,976 1.00 4,411 0.85

 b) Marathon 511 0.24 501 0.17 1,012 0.20

3. Cruise Ship 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 219,454 100.0 297,639 100.0 517,093 100.0

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Table A.1.22 Number of Person-trips (visits) By Mode of Access and Season : All Visitors

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 June - November 1995 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 Annual Total

 ______________________ _____________________ ____________________

Mode of Access Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent Person-trips Percent

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 1,201,549 86.35 1,304,574 78.45 2,506,123 82.05

2. Air 81,470 5.86 145,427 8.75 226,897 7.43

 a) Key West 72,465 5.21 127,222 7.65 199,687 6.54

 b) Marathon 9,005 0.65 18,205 1.09 27,210 0.89

3. Cruise Ship 108,434 7.79 212,878 12.80 321,312 10.52

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 1,391,453 100.0 1,662,879 100.0 3,054,332 100.0

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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22

Table A.1.23 Average Length of Stay By Mode of Access and Season

________________________________________________________

 Length of Stay (# Days)

 ______________________________

Mode of Access/Season Mean Std. Error N

________________________________________________________

Auto Visitors

July-August 1995 4.24 0.148 922

June-November 1995 4.24 0.148 922

January-April 1996 6.82 0.343 1,642

Dec. ’95 - May ‘96 6.82 0.343 1,642

Air Visitors

July-August 1995 7.65 0.955 198

June-November 1995 7.65 0.955 198

January-April 1996 9.04 0.481 387

Dec. ’95 - May ‘96 9.04 0.481 387

Cruise Ship Visitors

July-August 1995 1.00 0.000 214

June-November 1995 1.00 0.000 214

January-April 1996 1.00 0.000 220

Dec. ’95 - May ‘96 1.00 0.000 220

Weighted Average

All Visitors

July-August 1995 4.22 0.137 1,334

June-November 1995 4.17 0.153 1,334

January-April 1996 6.35 0.275 2,249

Dec. ’95 - May ‘96 6.03 0.261 2,249

________________________________________________________
23

 Table A.1.24 Number of Person-days By Mode of Access, July-August, 1995 and

 January-April, 1996 : Recreating Visitors

________________________________________________________________________

 July-August 1995 January-April 1996

 ______________________ ______________________

Mode of Access Person-days Percent Person-days Percent

_______________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 1,689,623 88.38 4,833,620 81.72

2. Air 190,072 9.94 925,958 15.66

3. Cruise Ship 32,147 1.68 155,060 2.62

_______________________________________________________________________

Total 1,911,842 100.0 5,914,638 100.0

______________________________________________________________________

 Table A.1.25 Number of Person-days By Mode of Access, July-August, 1995 and

 January-April, 1996: Non-recreating Visitors

_______________________________________________________________________

 July-August 1995 January-April 1996

 ______________________ ______________________

Mode of Access Person-days Percent Person-days Percent

_______________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 431,322 98.92 1,576,095 98.58

2. Air 4,697 1.08 22,699 1.42

3. Cruise Ship 0 0.00 0 0.00

_______________________________________________________________________

Total 436,019 100.0 1,598,794 100.0

_______________________________________________________________________

 Table A.1.26 Number of Person-days By Mode of Access, July-August, 1995 and

 January-April, 1996: All Visitors

_______________________________________________________________________

 July-August 1995 January-April 1996

 ______________________ _____________________

Mode of Access Person-days Percent Person-days Percent

_______________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 2,120,945 90.33 6,409,715 85.31

2. Air 194,769 8.30 948,657 12.63

3. Cruise Ship 32,147 1.37 155,060 2.06

_______________________________________________________________________

Total 2,347,861 100.0 7,513,432 100.0

_______________________________________________________________________
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24

 Table A.1.27 Number of Person-days By Mode of Access and Season: Recreating Visitors

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 June - November 1995 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 Annual Total

 _____________________ ______________________ _____________________

Mode of Access Person-days Percent Person-days Percent Person-days Percent

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 4,172,355 85.34 6,891,010 82.16 11,063,365 83.33

2. Air 608,358 12.44 1,283,228 15.30 1,891,586 14.25

3. Cruise Ship 108,434 2.22 212,878 2.54 321,312 2.42

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 4,889,147 100.0 8,387,116 100.0 13,276,263 100.0

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Table A.1.28 Number of Person-days By Mode of Access and Season: Non-recreating Visitors

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 June - November 1995 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 Annual Total

 _____________________ ____________________ ____________________

Mode of Access Person-days Percent Person-days Percent Person-days Percent

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 922,234 98.41 2,006,185 98.46 2,928,419 98.44

2. Air 14,887 1.59 31,432 1.54 46,319 1.56

3. Cruise Ship 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 937,121 100.0 2,037,617 100.0 2,974,738 100.0

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Table A.1.29 Number of Person-days By Mode of Access and Season: All Visitors

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 June - November 1995 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 Annual Total

 _____________________ _____________________ ____________________

Mode of Access Person-days Percent Person-days Percent Person-days Percent

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Auto 5,094,589 87.44 8,897,195 85.35 13,991,784 86.10

2. Air 623,245 10.70 1,314,660 12.61 1,937,905 11.92

3. Cruise Ship 108,434 1.86 212,878 2.04 321,312 1.98

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total 5,826,268 100.0 10,424,733 100.0 16,251,001 100.0

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
25

Table A.1.30 Number of Campsites in Florida Keys

__________________________________________________________________

Campground Florida

Campground Book TDC* DNR 1991

Boyds Campground 125 200 120

Jabour’s Trailer Court 74 74 100

Big Pine Fishing Lodge 101 124 (172) 134

Breezy Pine RV Estates 96 96 100

Bluewater RV Resort 80 80 -

Sugarloaf Key KOA 204 184 (212) 150

Lazy Lakes Resort 100 100 100

Sunshine Key RV Resort &

 Marina 400 389 (405) 389

Bahia Honda State Park 48 48 48

Knights Key Park 150 192 (199) -

Key RV Park 190 190 -

Jolly Roger Travel Park 200 225 139

Fiesta Key KOA Resort 288 300 495

Long Key State Rec. Area 60 60 60

Key Largo Kampground &

 Marina 171 110 -

American Outdoors RV Resort 154 154 155

Calusa Camp Resort 401 375 (450) 300

Florida Keys RV Resort 126 126 -

John Pennekamp Coral Reef

 State Park 47 47 47

 sub-total 3,015 3,074 (3,248) 2,337

Seaside Resort - 15 -

Seahorse Campground - 125 124

Paradise Island Park - 10 -

Castaways RV Park - 36 -

Geiger Key RV Park & Marina - 31 37

Boca Chica (Navy) - - 25

Outdoors Resorts 66 MM - 30 20

Gulfstream Travel Park & Marina - - 83

Point Laura - 44 43

Key Trailer Courts - - 140

Kings Kamp Campground &

 Marina - - 65

Leo’s Campground - - 22

Riptide Trailer Park - - 34

Travel Trailer Town - - 77

Twin Harbor Motel &

 Campground - - 20

Trailers by the Sea - - 15

Halycon Beach Trailer Park - - 58

Lions Liar Travel Park - - 30

Campers Cove - - 30

Happy Vagabond Campground - - 75

Key Largo Ocean Resorts &

 Marina - - 25
26262626p

26

Table A.1.30 (continued)

__________________________________________________________________

Campground Florida

Campground Book TDC* DNR 1991

Key West Seaside Resort - - 200

Venture Out at Cudjoe Cay - - 60

Seabreeze Trailer Park - - 63

SEA Camp Association - - 4

Boy Scouts Sea Base - - 2

Boy Scouts Camp Sawyer - - 6

Girl Scouts Camp Wesmkee - - 27

Total 3,105 3,365 (3,539) 3,622

__________________________________________________________________

Grand Total = Campground Book Total + TDC (not in Campground Book) + FL DNR (not in TDC or in Campground Book)

Grand Total= 3,015 + 1,352=4,367

* Numbers in parentheses are total number of licensed units. Could include units other than campsites such as

cabins, cottages.

Campground Book - Trailer Life Campground/RV Park & Services Directory 1995

NOTE: Kearney/Centaur used Humms Guide and the FL DNR and derived an estimate of 4,603 campsites in the

Florida Keys in 1989-1990.
27

Table A.1.31 Consistency Check Campsite Usage

__________________________________________________________________

Summer Winter Annual

Auto Person-trips 984,046 1,013,656 1,997,702

 x

Participation Rate All Camping

By Auto Visitors .0532 .1492

 =

Person-trips of Camping 52,351 151,237 203,588

 x

Nights Camping per trip 3.9 12.11

 =

Person-nights of Camping 204,169 1,831,480 2,035,649

 ÷

Number per Party 2.93 2.43

 =

Campsite Usage 69,682 753,695 823,377

Number of Campsites 4,367 4,367 4,367

 x

Number of Nights 183 183 366

 =

Campsite Capacity 799,161 799,161 1,598,322

Capacity Utilization Rate 8.72% 94.31% 51.52%

__________________________________________________________________
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28

Table A.1.32 Consistency Check for Hotel Usage

__________________________________________________________________

Summer Winter Annual

Person-trips 1,172,004 1,368,484 2,540,488

 x

 Percent overnight visits .88 .854

 =

Overnight Person-trips 1,031,364 1,168,685 2,200,049

Hotels & Motels

Percent of overnight stays 58.72 56.14

Hotel person-trips 605,617 656,100 1,261,717

 x

Nights per trip 4.09 4.87

 =

Hotel person-nights 2,476,974 3,195,207 5,672,181

 ÷

Number per Party 2.73 2.37

 =

Hotel Usage 907,316 1,348,189 2,255,505

Rental Home, Condo

Percent of overnight 12.78 7.87

Rental person-trips 131,808 91,975 223,783

 x

Nights per trip 9.38 12.99

 =

Rental Person-nights 1,236,359 1,194,755 2,431,114

 ÷

Number per Party 2.67 2.32

 =

Rental Usage 463,056 514,981 978,037

Hotel, Motel and Rental Units 13,239 13,239 13,239

 x

Number of Nights 183 183 366

 =

Capacity 2,422,737 2,422,737 4,845,474

Capacity Utilization 56.56% 76.90% 66.73%

Rental Capacity 8,100 units 1,482,300 1,482,300 2,964,600

Capacity Utilization Rental 31.24% 34.74% 32.99%

Rental Capacity 6,100 units 1,116,300 1,116,300 2,232,600

Capacity Utilization Rental 41.48% 46.13% 43.81%

__________________________________________________________________
29

Table A.1.33 Consistency Check for Lodging Expenditures

_____________________________________________________________________

Lodging Expenditures

Summer Winter Annual

Person-trips 1,172,004 1,368,484 2,540,488

 x

Lodging Expenditures Per Person

Per Trip (Private only) $128.62 $164.90

 =

Total Lodging Expenditures $150,743,155 $225,663,012 $376,406,167

Reported Lodging Fl Dept. of

Revenue 6/95-5/96 $402,942,607

Estimated /Reported 93.41 %

Unreported Vacation Rentals

 ( 6,100 units) $80,000,000

Estimated/Reported+Unreported 77.94%

Food & Beverages

Summer Winter Annual

Person-trips 1,172,004 1,368,484 2,540,488

 x

Food & Beverages Expenditures

Per Person Per Trip $112.01 $138.87

 =

Total Food & Beverage

Expenditures $131,276,168 $190,041,373 $321,317,541

Reported Food & Beverages

Fl Dept. of Revenue

6/95-5/96 $482,110,100

Estimated/Reported 66.65%

Reported * 1.10 (unreported) $530,321,110

Estimated/Reported*1.10 60.59%

_____________________________________________________________________
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30

Table A.1.34 Visitation Estimates Capacity Utilization Method: Scenario 1

_____________________________________________________________________________________

The capacity utilization method of estimating visitors was used by A.T. Kearney (1990) in their study of Monroe County

Florida for the Minerals Management Service. We combined our survey estimates for party size, number of nights per visit,

percent of visitors that stayed with friends and family, and day visitation with the most up-dated counts of units of hotels,

motels, vacation rentals, and campsites with the capacity utilization rates for the Keys used by A.T. Kearney (1990). This

method yields an approximation and serves as another check on our visitation estimate.

The general method is as follows:

Number of units x utilization rate x number of nights per year = Annual-nights occupied

Annual-nights occupied x average party size = Guest-nights

Guest-nights / average nights per stay = Total visits

Those staying with Friends and Relatives and Day Visitation are accounted for using other survey information.

Hotels and Motels

Hotel and Motel Units 9,265

Occupancy rate .793

Nights per year 366

Average Party Size 2.5

Average Number of Nights 4.5

[(9,265 x .793 x 366) x 2.5] / 4.5 = 1,493,919

Vacation Rentals, Condos, etc.

Vacation rental units 5,197

Occupancy rate .44

Nights per year 366

Average Party size 2.5

Average Number of Nights 11

[(5,197 x .44 x 366) x 2.5] / 11 = 190,210

Campgrounds

Number of Campsites 4,367

Occupancy rate .57

Nights per year 366

Average Party size 2.7

Average Number of Nights 8

[(4,367 x .57 x 366) x 2.7] / 8 = 307,477

_____________________________________________________________________________________
31

Table A.1.34 (continued)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Day Visitors

Mode of Access Day Visits

Air 2,408

Cruise Ship 321,312

 sub-total 323,720

Air plus Cruise Ship were 70.35 percent of sample day visitors

Total Day Visitors = 323,720/.7035 = 460,156

Auto Day Visitors = Total Day Visitors - 323,720 = 136,436

Friends and Relatives

15.5 percent of sample visitors stayed with Friends and Relatives (nights gt 0 and lodging eq 0).

Total Visits = (sum of all visits above / .845) = 2,901,493

Friends and Relatives = 2,901,493 - 2,451,762 = 449,731

Total Visits = 2,901,493

Recreating Visits = Total Visits x .80=2,321,194

Recreating Visits = Total Visits x .90=2,611,344

_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Table A.1.35 Visitation Estimates Capacity Utilization Method: Scenario 2

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(Vacation Rental Units 8,100)

Hotels and Motels 1,493,919

Vacation Rentals (8,100 units)

[(8,100 x .44 x 366) x 2.5] / 11 = 296,460

Campgrounds 307,477

Day Visits 460,156

Friends and Relatives

(2,558,012 /.845) - 2,558,012 = 469,221

Total Visits 3,027,233

Recreating Visits 3,027,233 x .80 = 2,421,786

Recreating Visits 3,027,233 x .90 = 2,724,510

_____________________________________________________________________________________
33

Table A.1.36 Visitation Estimates Capacity Utilization Method: Scenario 3

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(Vacation Rental Units 6,100)

Hotels and Motels 1,493,919

Vacation Rentals (6,100 units)

[(6,100 x .44 x 366) x 2.5] / 11 = 223,260

Campgrounds 307,477

Day Visits 460,156

Friends and Relatives

(2,484,812 /.845) - 2,484,812 = 455,794

Total Visits 2,940,606

Recreating Visits 2,940,606 x .80 = 2,352,485

Recreating Visits 2,940,606 x .90 = 2,646,545

_____________________________________________________________________________________
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34

Table A.1.37. Consistency of Alternative Estimates of Visitation with the Monroe County Economy

_________________________________________________________________________________

 Percent of Monroe County Economy

______________________________________________________________________

Visitation Lodging Hotel Campsite

(millions) Output/Sales Income Employment Expenditures 1 Usage 2 Usage 3

_________________________________________________________________________________

2.54 60.53 45.03 46.49 93.41 66.73 51.72

(77.94) (43.81)

3.00 71.48 53.18 52.17 110.31 78.80 60.83

(92.04) (51.73)

4.00 95.31 70.90 73.19 147.08 105.07 81.11

(122.72) (68.97)

6.00 142.96 106.35 109.79 220.62 157.61 121.67

(184.08) (103.46)

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. Estimate in parentheses is based on 2,000 unreported vacation rental units with an estimated $80

 million of revenues.

2. Capacity utilization rate for hotels, motels and vacation rental units. Estimate in parentheses is

 based on 2,000 unreported vacation rental units.

3. Capacity utlization rate.
35

Chapter 2. Sample Weighting

 Chapter 1 discussed the sampling methodology for the Auto, Air, and Cruise Ship Survey as it related to estimating the

total number of person-trips (visits) and person-days. These are the estimated population totals from which sample weights

are constructed.

 Figure 2.1 shows each of the survey samples, their associated subsamples, and the general types of information obtained

from each sample and/or subsample. Sample 1 is the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey and has an on-site sample and two

mailback samples; 1) the expenditure mailback and 2) the satisfaction mailback. Sample 2 is the CUSTOMER Survey and it

has an on-site sample and a mailback sample called the ecosystem mailback. The ecosystem mailback was only implemented

during the January - April 1996 period. Sample weighting is required for each of the samples and subsamples listed in Figure

2.1. The reasons sample weighting are required and their derivation will be described below.

Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey

On-site Sample. The on-site sample was a stratified random sample. Stratification was done by mode of access to the

Florida Keys/Key West (auto, air and cruise ship) and by season. A priori, little information was available to establish exact

sampling quotas by each mode of access and season. That is, the exact population distributions by mode of access and

season were not known prior to the sampling. In fact, part of the study design was to estimate these very population numbers

(see Chapter 1). In addition, project partners wanted the capability to estimate many project measurements by mode of

access. To do this required over-sampling the air and cruise ship populations to ensure adequate sample sizes to yield reliable

estimates by mode of access. For these reasons, sample-weighting is necessary. Sample weights equilibrate the sample

distributions by mode of access to the population distribution by mode of access.

 Table A.2.1 shows how sample weights were derived for the July-August 1995 sampling period and for the June -

November 1995 season for estimation. Sample weights are derived by dividing the population distribution percentages (from

Chapter 1) by the sample distribution percentages. Notice that even though the sample distributions are the same for the July

- August 1995 period and the June - November 1995 season for estimation, different weights are required because the

population distributions are different during the different time periods. Also, note that the weights are labeled “General

Sample Weights”. What this means is that these sample weights are appropriate for measurements based on observations of

the randomly chosen person that was interviewed in each sample. Alternative weights for activity participation and region

visitation will be described later. Table A.2.2 shows the derivation of the “General Sample Weights” for the January - April

1996 sampling period and the December 1995 - May 1996 season.

General versus Activity Sample Weights. The weights derived in Tables A.2.1 and A.2.2 should be applied to sample

measurements where the randomly chosen individual represents the basic unit of observation in the sample. For activity

participation and region visitation, we calculated participation as the sum of all persons that did an activity (visited a region)

divided by the sum of all people in the traveling/recreating party from which the randomly chosen person for the interview

was conducted. That is, we gathered information on these two aspects for all members of the traveling/recreating party. The

rational behind this is that we hypothesized, from past experience, that there would be a grouping effect with respect to both

activity participation and region visitation. The grouping effect would result in biased estimates of activity participation and

region visitation if this grouping effect was not accounted for in our estimation methods. The method of calculating participation rates, described above, accounts for this grouping effect, however, sample weights are required to make sure the

sample reflects the population distribution. In fact, the test for the grouping effect is whether participation rates are significantly different and/or the distribution of the randomly chosen individuals by mode of access differs from the distribution of

all members of the traveling/recreating groups by mode of access. Both of these aspects are true. Tables A.2.3 and A.2.4

show the derivations of the “Activity Sample Weights”.

Annual Sample Weights. In order to estimate annual weighted averages or weighted population distributions across seasons,

the sample weights derived above must be adjusted by their sample distributions relative to their population distributions

across seasons. Tables A.2.5 and A.2.6 show how the derivation of the annual adjustment factors. These annual adjustment

factors are multiplied by the seasonal sample weights to form the annual sample weights. Table A.2.7 summarizes the data

base sample weight names for each time period and application.

Expenditure Mailback. Each visitor interviewed on-site received an expenditure mailback questionnaire. Actually, we first

identified the person paying for the trip, since in some cases the randomly chosen individual within the traveling group may

not have been the person paying trip expenses, and asked that person if they would complete the mailback questionnaire.
36363636p

36

After two weeks, if a mailback questionnaire was not received, a post card reminder was sent. After one month, if a mailback

response was still not received, a whole new questionnaire and letter were sent asking for a response. Foreign visitors were

asked to complete their mailback questionnaires before they departed from the U.S. since the self-mailing questionnaire

would require separate postage if mailed from outside the U.S.

Table A.2.8 shows the number of completed questionnaires from both the on-site and expenditure mailback portions of the

Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey. Mailback response rates are presented by mode of access and survey period. Response

rates were slightly higher during the January - April 1996 survey period, and although there were some differences by mode

of access, the only significant difference was for the auto mode during the July - August 1995 survey period, which was

lower than the response rates from the air and cruise ship modes of access.

Multivariate Approach. A multivariate sample-weighting approach was used for the expenditure mailback data. The

weighting had three steps. The first step was to weight the data to equilibrate mailback response rates to the population

distribution by mode of access. Tables A.2.9 and A.2.10 show the derivation of these weights. As in the on-site sample

weight derivations discussed above, sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the

sample distribution percentages.

Step two of the process is based on an analysis of nonresponse bias. The analysis revealed that response rates were significantly different by mode of access, household income, race/ethnicity, age, and whether the visitor was foreign or domestic.

As was shown above, auto visitors during the July - August 1995 period had a lower response rate. During both survey

periods, response rates were higher for higher income groups and for older visitors and were lower for black, hispanic and

foreign visitors.

But lower response rates do not necessarily result in nonresponse bias, it just means that the probability of nonresponse bias

is higher. To establish whether nonresponse bias existed, analyses were conducted to determine the relationship of socioeconomic factors related to difference in responses and the amounts of each general type of expenditure item. Income was the

only factor where there was a significant relationship with the level of expenditure on most items. Age, race/ethnicity and

whether a visitor was foreign or domestic were only significant for a couple of items. We concluded from this that

nonresponse bias existed but it appeared to be minimal. And, that sample-weighting for these factors would further minimize

this bias. See Chapter 3 for a full discussion of the nonresponse bias analysis.

Twelve (12) socioeconomic groups were formed based on race/ethnicity, age, household income, and whether a visitor was

foreign or domestic. Table A.2.11 shows the 12 socioeconomic groups, their corresponding response rates, and the sample

weights derived to equilibrate response rates across socioeconomic groups for the July - August 1995 survey period. It

should be noted that the data was first weighted by mode of access using the results presented in Tables A.2.9 and A.2.10

before running the cross-tabulations between socioeconomic groups and response rates. Table A.2.12 summarizes the results

for the June - November 1995 season.

For the January - April 1996 survey period and the December 1995 - May 1996 season, the socioeconomic groups were

collapsed into 10 groups. This was required because blacks and hispanics were a much smaller proportion of the visiting

populations during these time periods. This was reflected in the on-site samples. Blacks and hispanics had similar response

rates, and, in the nonresponse bias analysis, neither group had significantly different expenditures. So, these two groups were

combined into 1) Blacks and Hispanics, Income under $40,000 and 2) Blacks and Hispanics, Income greater than $40,000. In

Addition, several observations had missing information on demographics, so a group labeled “Missing” was formed. Tables

A.2.13 and A.2.14 summarize the response rates and sample weights for these time periods.

Step 3 was to form the final sample weights to be used when estimating sample average expenditures. This required simply

multiplying the weights derived in Step 1 and those derived in Step 2. These weights have the same names as those in steps

one and two except with the three (3) suffix.

Annual Sample Weight. When combining samples across seasons to estimate weighted annual averages, a set of annual

weights is required. Table A.2.15 shows the derivation of the annual adjustment factor. As in the on-site sample, the annual

weight is equal to the seasonal weights times the annual adjustment factor.

Satisfaction Mailback. Each visitor interviewed on-site received a satisfaction mailback questionnaire. This was handed to

each person interviewed as was done with the expenditure mailback. The same follow-up procedures were followed as in the

expenditure mailback. Table A.2.16 shows the number of completed questionnaires and the response rates by mode of access
37

and season. The January - April 1996 survey period had higher response rates than the July - August 1995 period. The

differences by mode of access were not significant for the July - August 1995 sample but were significant for the January -

April 1996 sample. Auto visitors had a significantly lower response rate than air or cruise ship visitors during the January -

April 1996 period. Tables A.2.17 and A.2.18 show the derivation of sample weights for equilibrating response rates by mode

of access for each season.

Multivariate Approach. The same multivariate sample-weighting approach described above for the expenditure mailback

was used for the satisfaction mailback. In addition, a similar analysis to that conducted for the expenditure mailback on

nonresponse bias was conducted and is detailed in Chapter 3. There were some fundamental differences in the findings there

in that race/ethnicity and whether a visitor was foreign or domestic were more important factors in explaining responses to

various questions. Household income and age were not significant factors for any responses in the satisfaction mailback.

Tables A.2.19 to A.2.22 show the derivations of the sample weights that equilibrate response rates by socioeconomic group.

Table A.2.23 shows the derivation of the annual adjustment factor for combining samples across seasons and the corresponding annual sample weight.

CUSTOMER Survey

On-site Sample. The on-site CUSTOMER sample was a stratified random sample. However, there was little information

available to properly stratify across sites. Local knowledge was relied upon to select a set of sites that would yield representative samples of all the different types of user populations. Over 200 sites were chosen in consultation with the Chambers of

Commerce, the Monroe County Tourist Development Council, the Keys Association of Dive Operators (KADO), several

charter boat captains and fishing guides, and local, state and federal park managers.

The major objective of the CUSTOMER survey was to estimate the intensity of use (number of days and hours per person

per trip) for 39 selected activities by region and season. Sample quotas were established based on minimum sample sizes

required to estimate the averages for each activity by region and season. Generally, a minimum of 25 observations per

activity, per region, per season were thought needed to reliably estimate averages. It was expected that these minimum

sample sizes would be exceeded because each interview, although targeted to fill a quota, included a full activity profile.

The resulting samples did not follow our expectations. Actually, the resulting samples came closer to the actual population

distributions as reflected in the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship samples. There were two exceptions. First, cruise ship passengers

were generally excluded from the CUSTOMER Survey by the nature of those trips. Cruise Ship passengers were on extremely short stays, typically only a few hours, and generally did not participate in the activities we were targeting or visiting

the sites where we were interviewing. Cruise ship passengers never leave Key West. For the entire five months of sampling,

only five cruise ship passengers were included in the CUSTOMER Survey. The second exception were visitors who accessed the Florida Keys by private boat. This population of visitors was not included in the population estimates in Chapter 1

and were not part of the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey. It was thought that this population was extremely small. The

CUSTOMER Survey would seem to confirm this expectation. About one percent of the CUSTOMER July - August 1995

sample were visitors who accessed the Florida Keys by private boat. For the January - April 1996 sample, private boat

visitors were less than one-half of one percent.

The sample sizes obtained in the CUSTOMER Survey for cruise ship passengers or visitors by private boat were simply too

small to do anything with. Inclusion or exclusion does not significantly affect any project measurements. Therefore, the

CUSTOMER Survey was considered to be representative of the auto and air populations of visitors. Sample weights were

derived to equate the CUSTOMER sample distributions to the population distributions by the auto and air modes of access

for each season. Tables A.2.24 and A.2.25 show the CUSTOMER on-site sample sizes by mode of access, the sample and

population distributions by mode of access, and the derived sample weights. Table A.2.26 shows the annual adjustment

factor required for combining the samples across seasons.

Ecosystem Mailback. Each visitor interviewed on-site received an ecosystem mailback questionnaire. This was implemented during the January-April 1996 survey period only. Table A.2.27 shows the number of completed questionnaires and

the response rates by mode of access. As with the on-site component of the survey, the number of completed interviews/

questionnaires by the cruise ship and private boat modes of access were not adequate to work with. The CUSTOMER

Survey is primarily limited to the auto and air visitor populations. The response rate for air visitors was slightly higher than

that for auto visitors. Table A.2.28 shows the derivation of the sample weights used to equilibrate the ecosystem mailback

sample distribution by mode of access to the December 1995 - May 1996 population distribution by mode of access.
38383838p

38

Multivariate Approach. A similar sample-weighting approach used for the mailback samples in the Auto, Air and Cruise

Ship Survey was used for the ecosystem mailback of the CUSTOMER Survey. As with the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship

Survey mailback samples, an analysis on non-response bias was conducted. It was found that response rates were significantly related to several socioeconomic factors. Response rates were higher for older visitors, more educated visitors, and

visitors with higher incomes. Response rates were lower for blacks and hispanics. After adjusting for all of these factors,

whether a visitor was domestic or foreign was not a significant factor nor was mode of access. When response scores to each

question in the ecosystem mailback were regressed against these socioeconomic factors, it was found that for only a few

questions were responses significantly related to any of the socioeconomic factors. Age and education were significant for

several questions as might be expected given the nature of the types of questions in the ecosystem mailback (most asking

about knowledge of ecosystems and their services). The most significant factor for a variety of questions was education (See

Chapter 3 for a complete discussion of the non-response bias analysis). Given these findings, nine (9) socioeconomic groups

were formed based on race/ethnicity, age, education and whether a visitor was foreign or domestic. Table A.2.29 shows the

socioeconomic groups, their response rates, and the weights derived that equilibrate response rates by socioeconomic group.

The final sample weight for the CUSTOMER ecosystem mailback is WDCMAEC3 which is equal to WDCMAEC1 *

WDCMAEC2.

Summary

The sample weighting described in this chapter is somewhat complex and results in the derivation of numerous sample

weights. Some weights are simply intermediate steps in the derivation of final sample weights that are to be used for the

relevant samples for estimating measurements applicable to appropriate populations of visitors. Table A.2.30 summarizes the

names of the various sample weights according to sample, season, and appropriate use.
39

Figure 2.1

Objectives

• 	 Estimate the number of person-trips by

	 visitors to the Florida Keys, by activity and

	 geographic area (Upper, Middle, Lower

	 Keys, and Key West)

• 	 Develop profiles of visitors (age, race, sex,

	 income, place of residence)

• 	 Estimate spending by visitors in local and

	 regional economy and total contribution to

	 the economy in terms of sales, employment

	 and income

• 	 Provide information on

	 importance/satisfaction attitudes and

	 perceptions about facilities and natural

	 resources

Survey of Auto, Air & Cruise Ship Passengers

On-Site

• 	 Modes of travel

• 	 Profile of visitors (age, race, sex, 

	 income, place of residence)

• 	 Activity participation by region

Expenditure Mailback

• 	 Types of

	 accomodations used

• 	 Modes of

	 transportation used

• 	 Trip spending

	 profiles

• 	 Importance/

	 satisfaction of

	 facilities and natural

	 resource attributes

• 	 Perceptions on state

	 of resources

• 	 Environmental 

	 concern index

Satisfaction Mailback

Sample 1

Objectives

• 	 Estimate intensity of use in terms of

	 number of days and number of hours for

	 selected activity groups (10 to 12 activity

	 groups) by geographic region

• 	 Provide information for travel cost modeling

	 used to estimate net economic use values for

	 marine resources

CUSTOMER SURVEY

On-Site

• 	 Number of days and hours by activity and 

	 geographic area

• 	 Trip itinerary

• 	 Profiles of visiting group (age, race, sex,

	 education, income, household size)

Sample 2

Ecosystem Mailback

• 	 Environmental concern index

• 	 Perceptions on definitions of ecosystems

• 	 Perceptions on ecosystem services

• 	 Importance of ecosystem services
40404040p

40

Table A.2.1. Derivation of General Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site

 Samples: July - August 1995 and June - November 1995 1

_________________________________________________________________________________

 July - August 1995 June - November 1995

 _________________________________ ________________________________

 Sample Population Sample Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WTJU_AG1 (%) (%) WTJU_NO1

_________________________________________________________________________________

Auto 69.1 87.49 1.266136 69.1 83.96 1.215052

Air

 Key West 12.6 4.84 0.384127 12.6 6.06 0.480952

 Marathon 2.2 0.61 0.277273 2.2 0.73 0.331818

Cruise Ship 16.1 7.06 0.438509 16.1 9.25 0.574534

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the sample

 distribution percentages. General sample weights apply to all sample measurements except,

 activity participation and region visitation by all members of traveling groups.

Table A.2.2. Derivation of General Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site

 Samples: January - April 1996 and December 1995 - May 1996 1

_________________________________________________________________________________

 January - April 1996 December 1995 - May 1996

 _________________________________ ________________________________

 Sample Population Sample Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WTJA_AP1 (%) (%) WTDC_MA1

_________________________________________________________________________________

Auto 73.0 73.35 1.004794 73.0 74.07 1.014657

Air

 Key West 10.2 9.22 0.903921 10.2 9.08 0.890196

 Marathon 7.0 1.38 0.197143 7.0 1.29 0.184286

Cruise Ship 9.8 16.05 1.637755 9.8 15.56 1.587755

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the sample

 distribution percentages. General sample weights apply to all sample measurements except,

 activity participation and region visitation by all members of traveling groups.
41

Table A.2.3. Derivation of Activity Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site

 Samples: July - August 1995 and June - November 1995 1

_________________________________________________________________________________

 July - August 1995 June - November 1995

 _________________________________ ________________________________

 Sample Population Sample Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WJUAG1 (%) (%) WJUNO1

_________________________________________________________________________________

Auto 86.07 87.49 1.016498 82.13 83.96 1.022282

Air

 Key West 3.79 4.84 1.277045 4.72 6.06 1.283898

 Marathon 0.49 0.61 1.244898 0.58 0.73 1.258621

Cruise Ship 9.65 7.06 0.731606 12.57 9.25 0.735879

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the sample

 distribution percentages. Activity sample weights apply to activity participation and region

 visitation by all members of traveling groups.

Table A.2.4. Derivation of Activity Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship On-site

 Samples: January - April 1996 and December 1995 - May 1996 1

_________________________________________________________________________________

 January - April 1996 December 1995 - May 1996

 _________________________________ ________________________________

 Sample Population Sample Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WJAAP1 (%) (%) WDCMA1

_________________________________________________________________________________

Auto 74.11 73.35 0.989745 74.81 74.07 0.990108

Air

 Key West 8.04 9.22 1.146766 7.92 9.08 1.146465

 Marathon 1.01 1.38 1.366337 0.95 1.29 1.357895

Cruise Ship 16.84 16.05 0.953088 16.32 15.56 0.953431

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the sample

 distribution percentages. Activity sample weights apply to activity participation and region

 visitation by all members of traveling groups.
42424242p

42

Table A.2.5. Derivation of General Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual Auto, Air

 and Cruise Ship Sample

________________________________________________________________________________

Population Sample Annual

Population Distribution Sample Distribution Adjustment

Season (Person-trips) (%) Size (%) Factor 1

________________________________________________________________________________

June - November 1995 1,172,004 46.13 1,334 37.22 1.239387

Dec. 1995 - May 1996 1,368,484 53.87 2,250 62.78 0.858076

 Annual Total 2,540,488 100.00 3,584 100.00 N/A

________________________________________________________________________________

1. Annual on-site weight is WTJU_MA1 which is equal to WTJU_NO1 * 1.239387 for the June- Nov.

 1995 season observations, and is equal to WTDC_MA1 * 0.858076 for the Dec. 1995 - May 1996

 season observations.

Table A.2.6. Derivation of Activity Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual Auto, Air

 and Cruise Ship Sample

________________________________________________________________________________

Population Sample Annual

Population Distribution Sample Distribution Adjustment

Season (Person-trips) (%) Size (%) Factor 1

________________________________________________________________________________

June - November 1995 1,172,004 46.13 3,890 41.83 1.102797

Dec. 1995 - May 1996 1,368,484 53.87 5,409 58.17 0.926079

 Annual Total 2,540,488 100.00 9,299 100.00 N/A

________________________________________________________________________________

1. Annual on-site weight is WJUMA1 which is equal to WJUNO1 * 1.102797 for the June- Nov.

 1995 season observations, and is equal to WDCMA1 * 0.926079 for the Dec. 1995 - May 1996

 season observations.
43

Table A.2.7. Sample Weight Names for the Auto, Air and

 Cruise Ship On-site Sample

________________________________________________

 Type of Application

 __________________________

Time Period General Activity

________________________________________________

July - August 1995 WTJU_AG1 WJUAG1

January - April 1996 WTJA_AP1 WJAAP1

June - November 1995 WTJU_NO1 WJUNO1

Dec. 1995 - May 1996 WTDC_MA1 WDCMA1

June 1995 - May 1996 WTJU_MA1 WJUMA1

________________________________________________

Table A.2.8. Number of Completed Expenditure Mailback Questionnaires and

 Response Rates

__________________________________________________________________________

 July - August 1995 January - April 1996

 _____________________________ ____________________________

Response Response

Expenditure Rate Expenditure Rate

Mode of Access On-site Mailback (%) On-site Mailback (%)

__________________________________________________________________________

Auto 922 332 36.0 1,643 754 45.9

Air 198 83 41.9 387 188 48.6

 Key West 168 54 32.1 230 106 46.1

 Marathon 30 29 96.7 157 82 52.2

Cruise Ship 214 90 42.1 220 94 42.7

 Total 1,334 505 37.9 2,250 1,036 46.0

__________________________________________________________________________
4444p

44

Table A.2.9. Derivation of Mode of Access Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship

 Expenditure Mailback Samples: July - August 1995 and June - November 1995 1

_________________________________________________________________________________

 July - August 1995 June - November 1995

 _________________________________ ________________________________

 Sample Population Sample Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WJUAGSE1 (%) (%) WJUNOSE1

_________________________________________________________________________________

Auto 65.74 87.49 1.330849 65.74 83.96 1.277152

Air 16.44 5.45 0.331508 16.44 6.79 0.413017

Cruise Ship 17.82 7.06 0.396184 17.82 9.25 0.519080

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the sample

 distribution percentages.

Table A.2.10. Derivation of Mode of Access Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship

 Expenditure Mailback Samples: January - April 1996 and December 1995 - May 1996

___________________________________________________________________________________

 January - April 1996 December 1995 - May 1996

 _________________________________ __________________________________

 Sample Population Sample Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WJAAPWE1 (%) (%) WDCMAWE1

___________________________________________________________________________________

Auto 72.78 73.35 1.007832 72.78 74.07 1.017725

Air 18.24 10.60 0.581140 18.24 10.37 0.568531

Cruise Ship 8.98 16.05 1.787305 8.98 15.56 1.732739

___________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the sample

 distribution percentages.
45

Table A.2.11. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Expenditure Mailback: July - August 1995

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WJUAGSE2)

 ___________________ _________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

__________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.19 36.81 1.000633 0.998913

Age under 36

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 54.19 45.81 1.166820 0.802663

Age 36 and over

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 66.87 33.13 0.945566 1.109870

Age under 36

Income $21,000 - $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 46.74 53.26 1.352803 0.690387

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 58.96 41.04 1.072422 0.895955

Age under 36

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 52.31 47.69 1.208755 0.771021

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Blacks 85.54 14.46 0.739186 2.542877

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Blacks 73.69 26.31 0.858054 1.397567

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Hispanics 89.81 10.19 0.704042 3.608440

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Hispanics 76.24 23.76 0.829357 1.547559

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 88.22 11.78 0.716731 3.121392

Income under $40,000

Foreign Visitors 80.06 19.94 0.789782 1.844032

Income greater then $40,000

__________________________________________________________________________________________
46464646p

46

Table A.2.12. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Expenditure Mailback: June - November 1995

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WJUNOSE2)

 ___________________ ___________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

____________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.95 36.05 0.985301 1.026075

Age under 36

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 53.48 46.52 1.178197 0.795142

Age 36 and over

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 67.41 32.59 0.934728 1.135010

Age under 36

Income $21,000 - $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 47.14 52.86 1.336657 0.699773

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 59.33 40.67 1.062026 0.909516

Age under 36

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 51.99 48.01 1.211964 0.770464

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Blacks 85.14 14.86 0.740075 2.489233

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Blacks 72.17 27.83 0.873077 1.329141

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Hispanics 89.65 10.35 0.702844 3.573913

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Hispanics 75.48 24.52 0.834791 1.508564

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 88.26 11.74 0.713913 3.150767

Income under $40,000

Foreign Visitors 79.97 20.03 0.787920 1.846730

Income greater then $40,000

___________________________________________________________________________________________
47

Table A.2.13. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Expenditure Mailback: January - April 1996

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WJAAPWE2)

 ___________________ ___________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

____________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 71.45 28.55 0.763331 1.592294

Age under 36

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 58.25 41.75 0.936309 1.088862

Age 36 and over

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.92 36.08 0.853254 1.259978

Age under 36

Income $21,000 - $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 44.77 55.23 1.218226 0.823103

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 54.98 45.02 0.991997 1.009773

Age under 36

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 49.17 50.83 1.109213 0.894354

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 70.51 29.49 0.773507 1.541539

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 75.78 24.22 0.719715 1.876961

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 69.22 30.78 0.787922 1.476933

Income under $40,000

Foreign Visitors 53.79 46.21 1.013943 0.983770

Income greater than $40,000

Missing 50.00 50.00 1.090800 0.909200

___________________________________________________________________________________________
48484848p

48

Table A.2.14. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Expenditure Mailback: December 1995 - May 1996

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WDCMAWE2)

 ___________________ _____________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

______________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 71.38 28.62 0.763939 1.588749

Age under 36

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 58.27 41.73 0.935816 1.089624

Age 36 and over

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.88 36.12 0.853632 1.258859

Age under 36

Income $21,000 - $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 44.80 55.20 1.217187 0.823732

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 54.95 45.05 0.992357 1.009323

Age under 36

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 49.13 50.87 1.109912 0.893847

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 70.56 29.44 0.772817 1.544497

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 75.79 24.21 0.719488 1.878149

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 69.31 30.69 0.786755 1.481590

Income under $40,000

Foreign Visitors 53.83 46.17 1.013004 0.984839

Income greater than $40,000

Missing 50.00 50.00 1.090600 0.909400

______________________________________________________________________________________________
49

Table A.2.15. Derivation of Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual Auto, Air

 and Cruise Ship Expenditure Mailback Sample

________________________________________________________________________________

Population Sample Annual

Population Distribution Sample Distribution Adjustment

Season (Person-trips) (%) Size (%) Factor 1

________________________________________________________________________________

June - November 1995 1,172,004 46.13 505 32.77 1.407690

Dec. 1995 - May 1996 1,368,484 53.87 1,036 67.23 0.801279

 Annual Total 2,540,488 100.00 1,541 100.00 N/A

________________________________________________________________________________

1. Annual expenditure weight is WJUMA3 which is equal to WJUNOSE3 * 1.40769 for the

 June - Nov. 1995 season observations, and is equal to WDCMAWE3 * 0.801279 for the

 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 season observations.

Table A.2.16. Number of Completed Satisfaction Mailback Questionnaires

 and Response Rates

__________________________________________________________________________

 July -August 1995 January - April 1996

 _____________________________ ____________________________

Response Response

Satisfaction Rate Satisfaction Rate

Mode of Access On-site Mailback (%) On-site Mailback (%)

__________________________________________________________________________

Auto 922 432 46.9 1,643 861 52.4

Air 198 92 46.5 387 219 56.6

 Key West 168 79 47.0 230 128 55.7

 Marathon 30 13 43.3 157 91 52.2

Cruise Ship 214 104 48.6 220 104 58.0

 Total 1,334 628 47.1 2,250 1,184 52.6

__________________________________________________________________________
50505050p

50

Table A.2.17. Derivation of Mode of Access Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship

 Satisfaction Mailback Samples: July - August 1995 and June - November 1995 1

_________________________________________________________________________________

 July - August 1995 June - November 1995

 _________________________________ ________________________________

 Sample Population Sample Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WJUAGSA1 (%) (%) WJUNOSA1

_________________________________________________________________________________

Auto 68.79 87.49 1.271842 68.79 83.96 1.220526

Air 14.65 5.45 0.372014 14.65 6.79 0.463481

Cruise Ship 16.56 7.06 0.426328 16.56 9.25 0.558575

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the sample

 distribution percentages.

Table A.2.18. Derivation of Mode of Access Sample Weights for the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship

 Satisfaction Mailback Samples: January - April 1996 and December 1995 - May 1996 1

___________________________________________________________________________________

 January - April 1996 December 1995 - May 1996

 _________________________________ __________________________________

 Sample Population Sample Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WJAAPSA1 (%) (%) WDCMASA1

___________________________________________________________________________________

Auto 72.72 73.35 1.008663 72.72 74.07 1.018564

Air 18.50 10.60 0.572973 18.50 10.37 0.560540

Cruise Ship 8.78 16.05 1.828018 8.78 15.56 1.772210

___________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample weights are equal to the population distribution percentages divided by the sample

 distribution percentages.
51

Table A.2.19. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Satisfaction Mailback: July - August 1995

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WJUAGSA2)

 ___________________ ____________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.32 36.68 0.837650 1.280262

Age under 36

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 74.68 25.32 0.710230 1.854660

Age 36 and over

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 50.58 49.42 1.048636 0.950222

Age under 36

Income $21,000 - $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 79.12 20.88 0.670374 2.249042

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 40.14 59.86 1.321375 0.784497

Age under 36

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.42 36.48 0.836329 1.283762

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Blacks 43.89 56.11 1.208475 0.836927

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Blacks 56.21 43.79 0.943604 1.072391

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Hispanics 38.29 61.71 1.385218 0.760978

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Hispanics 68.35 31.65 0.776001 1.483728

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 82.87 17.13 0.640039 2.741389

Income under $40,000

Foreign Visitors 79.54 20.46 0.666834 2.295210

Income greater then $40,000

Missing 69.94 30.06 0.758364 1.562209

___________________________________________________________________________________________
52525252p

52

Table A.2.20. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Satisfaction Mailback: June - November 1995

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WJUNOSA2)

 ___________________ ___________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.36 36.64 0.836490 1.282751

Age under 36

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 74.88 25.12 0.707799 1.871019

Age 36 and over

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 50.83 49.17 1.042691 0.955867

Age under 36

Income $21,000 - $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 78.93 21.07 0.671481 2.230659

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 40.38 59.62 1.312531 0.788326

Age under 36

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.44 36.56 0.835435 1.285558

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Blacks 43.73 56.27 1.211983 0.835259

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Blacks 56.49 43.51 0.938219 1.080211

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Hispanics 38.33 61.67 1.382729 0.762121

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Hispanics 68.91 31.09 0.769119 1.511740

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 82.49 17.51 0.642502 2.684180

Income under $40,000

Foreign Visitors 75.70 24.30 0.700132 1.934156

Income greater then $40,000

Missing 70.10 29.90 0.756063 1.571906

____________________________________________________________________________________________
53

Table A.2.21. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Satisfaction Mailback: January - April 1996

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WJAAPSA2)

 ___________________ ___________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

____________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 67.06 32.94 0.716373 1.577413

Age under 36

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 50.07 49.93 0.959457 1.040657

Age 36 and over

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 58.77 41.23 0.817424 1.260247

Age under 36

Income $21,000 - $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 36.19 63.81 1.327439 0.814292

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 48.71 51.29 0.986245 1.013063

Age under 36

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 41.67 58.33 1.152868 0.890794

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 81.02 18.98 0.592940 2.737619

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 68.07 31.93 0.705744 1.627310

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 69.71 30.29 0.689141 1.715418

Income under $40,000

Foreign Visitors 45.73 54.27 1.050514 0.957435

Income greater than $40,000

Missing 50.00 50.00 0.960800 1.039200

____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Table A.2.22. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Satisfaction Mailback: December 1995 - May 1996

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WDCMASA2)

 ___________________ ____________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 67.01 32.99 0.716759 1.575326

Age under 36

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 50.14 49.86 0.957918 1.042318

Age 36 and over

Income under $20,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 58.87 41.13 0.815865 1.263554

Age under 36

Income $21,000 - $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 36.20 63.80 1.326796 0.814577

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 48.56 51.44 0.989086 1.010303

Age under 36

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 41.62 58.38 1.154012 0.890202

Age 36 and over

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 80.98 19.02 0.593109 2.732387

Income under $40,000

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 68.16 31.84 0.704665 1.632224

Income greater than $40,000

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 69.79 30.21 0.688207 1.720291

Income under $40,000

Foreign Visitors 45.72 54.28 1.050525 0.957443

Income greater than $40,000

Missing 50.00 50.00 0.960600 1.039400

___________________________________________________________________________________________
55

Table A.2.23. Derivation of Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual Auto, Air

 and Cruise Ship Satisfaction Mailback Sample

________________________________________________________________________________

Population Sample Annual

Population Distribution Sample Distribution Adjustment

Season (Person-trips) (%) Size (%) Factor 1

________________________________________________________________________________

June - November 1995 1,172,004 46.13 628 34.66 1.330929

Dec. 1995 - May 1996 1,368,484 53.87 1,184 65.34 0.824457

 Annual Total 2,540,488 100.00 1,812 100.00 N/A

________________________________________________________________________________

1. Annual expenditure weight is WJUMASA3 which is equal to WJUNOSA3 * 1.330929 for the

 June - Nov. 1995 season observations, and is equal to WDCMASA3 * 0.824457 for the

 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 season observations.

Table A.2.24. Derivation of Sample Weights for the CUSTOMER On-site Sample

 June - November 1995

____________________________________________________________________

Number of Sample Population Sample

Completed Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access Interviews (%) (%) WTJU_NO1

____________________________________________________________________

Auto 1,668 93.66 83.96 0.896434

Air 94 5.28 6.79 1.285985

Cruise Ship 1 0.05 9.25 8.677140

Private Boat 18 1.01 0 * 8.677140

 Total 1,781 100.00 100.00 N/A

____________________________________________________________________

* The Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey did not include visitors that accessed the

 Florida Keys by private boat and they were therefore not in the population totals

 for all visitors in Chapter 1. The weight assigned here simply assures that auto,

 and air visitors percentage distributions within the sample would be the same as

 in the poplutions estimated in Chapter 1.
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Table A.2.25. Derivation of Sample Weights for the CUSTOMER On-site Sample

 December 1995 - May 1996

____________________________________________________________________

Number of Sample Population Sample

Completed Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access Interviews (%) (%) WTDC_MA1

____________________________________________________________________

Auto 2,610 92.92 74.07 0.797137

Air 183 6.51 10.37 1.592934

Cruise Ship 4 0.14 15.56 27.31029

Private Boat 12 0.43 0 * 27.31029

 Total 2,809 100.00 100.00 N/A

____________________________________________________________________

* The Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey did not include visitors that accessed the

 Florida Keys by private boat and they were therefore not in the population totals

 for all visitors in Chapter 1. The weight assigned here simply assures that auto,

 and air visitors percentage distributions within the sample would be the same as

 in the poplutions estimated in Chapter 1.

Table A.2.26. Derivation of Sample Weight Adjustment Factor for the Annual CUSTOMER

 On-site Sample

________________________________________________________________________________

Population Sample Annual

Population Distribution Sample Distribution Adjustment

Season (Person-trips) (%) Size (%) Factor 1

________________________________________________________________________________

June - November 1995 1,172,004 46.13 1,781 38.80 1.188918

Dec. 1995 - May 1996 1,368,484 53.87 2,809 61.20 0.880229

 Annual Total 2,540,488 100.00 4,590 100.00 N/A

________________________________________________________________________________

1. Annual on-site weight is WTJU_MA1 which is equal to WTJU_NO1 * 1.188918 for the June- Nov.

 1995 season observations, and is equal to WTDC_MA1 * 0.880229 for the Dec. 1995 - May 1996

 season observations.
57

Table A.2.27. Number of Completed Ecosystem Mailback Questionnaires

 and Response Rates by Mode of Access

__________________________________________________________

 January - April 1996

 _______________________________________

 Ecosystem Response

Mode of Access On-site Mailback Rate (%)

__________________________________________________________

Auto 2,610 1,390 53.26

Air 183 107 58.47

Cruise Ship 4 2 50.00

Private Boat 12 4 33.33

 Total 2,809 1,503 53.51

__________________________________________________________

Table A.2.28. Derivation of Sample Weights for the Ecosystem

 Mailback Sample: December 1995 - May 1996

__________________________________________________________

 December 1995 - May 1996

 _______________________________________

 Sample Population Sample

 Distribution Distribution Weight

Mode of Access (%) (%) WDCMAEC1

__________________________________________________________

Auto 92.48 74.07 0.800930

Air 7.12 10.37 1.456461

Cruise/Private Boat 0.40 15.56 38.90000

 Total 100.00 100.00 N/A

__________________________________________________________
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Table A.2.29. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic Group for the

 Ecosystem Mailback: December 1995 - May 1996

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Response (%) Sample Weight (WDCMAEC2)

 ___________________ ____________________________

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

______________________________________________________________________________________________

White/Indian/Asian/Other 63.11 36.89 0.770876 1.391976

Age under 36

Education HS or less

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 46.27 53.73 1.051437 0.955704

Age 36 and over

Education HS or less

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 52.89 47.11 0.919834 1.090002

Age under 36

Education above HS

Domestic

White/Indian/Asian/Other 43.46 56.54 1.119420 0.908206

Age 36 and over

Education above HS

Domestic

Blacks and Hispanics 74.55 25.45 0.652582 2.017682

Domestic

Foreign Visitors 68.19 31.81 0.713448 1.614272

Age under 36

Education HS or less

Foreign Visitors 42.22 57.78 1.152297 0.888716

Age 36 and over

Education HS or less

Foreign Visitors 45.50 54.50 1.069231 0.942202

Age under 36

Education above HS

Foreign Visitors 53.90 46.91 0.916368 1.094649

Age 36 and over

Education above HS

Missing 60.00 40.00 0.810833 1.283750

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
59

Table A.2.30. Summary of Sample Weights by Sample and Season

___________________________________________________________________________

 Season

 ______________________________________________________

Survey/Sample June - Nov. 1995 Dec. 1995 - May 1996 June 1995 - May 1996

___________________________________________________________________________

Auto, Air & Cruise Ship

 On-site - General WTJU_NO1 WTDC_MA1 WTJU_MA1

 On-site - Activity WJUNO1 WDCMA1 WJUMA1

 Expenditure WJUNOSE3 WDCMAWE3 WJUMA3

 Satisfaction WJUNOSA3 WDCMASA3 WJUMASA3

CUSTOMER

 On-site WTJU_NO1 WTDC_MA1 WJUMA1

 Ecosystem N/A WDCMAEC3 N/A

___________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 3. Nonresponse Bias Analyses for the Mailback Surveys

Chapter 2 described the various survey samples and mailback surveys used and the sample weighting methods applied to

each sample. Here the focus is on analyses conducted to address the issue of nonresponse bias resulting from the use of

mailback surveys. Nonresponse bias occurs when the group that responds to the mailback survey is different from the

population for which you want to estimate certain measurements. The group that responds is different in that they have

significantly different responses. For example, respondents to the mailback survey might have higher average expenditures

per person per trip for lodging. Applying the higher average to all visitors would result in an overestimate of lodging

expenditures. This overestimation would be referred to as nonresponse bias.

The approach used here for nonresponse bias had two steps. In step one, survey response rates were related to various

socioeconomic factors. The research question is ‘Are the visitors that responded to the mailback survey any different from

those that did not respond ?’ Step two determines whether there is a relationship between socioeconomic factors and

mailback question responses. For nonresponse bias to exist requires not only that respondents to the mailback survey are

different but that the same factors related to whether the visitor responded to the mailback are also related to mailback

question responses. It is shown here that there is some potential for nonresponse bias in all the mailback surveys but that the

extent of nonresponse bias would appear to be minimal. The expenditure mailbacks had the most potential for nonresponse

bias. The sample weighting employed and described in Chapter 2 adjusts for the nonresponse bias by weighting the mailback

samples to be representative of the population of all visitors. At the end of this Chapter, weighted and unweighted means for

selected measurements from each sample are compared to indicate the possible extent of nonresponse bias.

Expenditure Mailback: July - August 1995

Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors. Two approaches were used to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and response rates to the mailback survey. First, univariate statistics were used to test for differences. Crosstabulations were run on response rates by mode of access, age of the person interviewed, household income, race/ethnicity

and origin of the visitor (see Table A.3.1). Then univariate nonparametric tests were performed on each socioeconomic

factor. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test was used. This test tests for differences in the distributions of the

socioeconomic factors between respondents and nonrespondents. Statistically significant differences were found for age,

household income, whether a visitor was foreign or domestic, and for race/ethnicity (see Table A.3.2).

The second approach used was a set of multivariate tests. In this approach all socioeconomic factors are regressed against

the response variable (variable that represents whether the person responded to the survey 1= yes 0=no). Table A.3.3 defines

each of the variables used in the analysis along with the arithmetic means of each variable. Three equations were estimated:

ordinary least squares, probit and logit. All three equations identify the same set of factors as being statistically significant in

explaining mailback survey response rates. The three equations use dummy variables for several of the socioeconomic

factors. For mode of access, auto visitors are in the constant term. For household income, those with incomes under $20,000

(INC20K) are in the constant term, and for race/ethnicity, White/Indian/Asian/Other are in the constant term. Age of the

respondent was positively related meaning that older visitors had higher response rates. Hispanic and Black visitors had

lower response rates and domestic visitors had higher response rates than foreign visitors. The results of the multivariate

tests confirm the findings from the univariate tests except for household income which was not significant in the multivariate

tests. Two other factors were included in the multivariate tests that were not discussed in the univariate tests. They were the

number of days in the Keys on the interview trip (DAYS) and the number of people the person was paying for (NPEPPAY).

These two variables are important because they would be related to the amount of expenditures. We estimated the expenditures per person per trip. Thus the number of people and the number of days are important in this process and we wanted to

ensure that there was no bias in that either visitors that took longer or shorter trips did not have higher or lower response rates

or that respondents did not have smaller or larger groups that they were paying for. Neither one of these variables were

significant factors in explaining response rates.

Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors. Step one above showed that there is a relationship between several

socioeconomic factors and survey response rates. In this step, it is shown that there is also a relationship between some of

these factors and the level of question responses (i.e., the amount of expenditures per person per trip). Table A.3.5 shows the

expenditure items for which relationships were estimated between expenditures and socioeconomic factors. Simple linear

regressions were estimated between each expenditure category and the various socioeconomic factors. Again, because of the

use of dummy variables interpretation is with respect to what is in the constant term. For mode of access, auto visitors were
61

in the constant. For household income, visitors with incomes under $20,000 are in the constant, and for race/ethnicity,

White/Indian/Asian/Other are in the constant.

For expenditures on lodging, cruise ship passengers had lower average expenditures per person per trip, holding other

factors constant (Table A.3.6). Also, the longer the trip (DAYS) the higher the expenditures per person per trip. None of the

factors that were related to response rates were significant here suggesting that nonresponse bias is not a problem for lodging

expenditures. The same is true for other activity expenditures (OTHACPPC) and transportation expenditures (TRANSPPC).

For expenditures on food & beverages (FOODPPC), boating (BOATPPC), fishing (FISHPPC), sightseeing (SIGHPPC),

miscellaneous expenditures (MISCPPC), and total trip related expenditures (TOTVPPC), there is a significant relationship

between socioeconomic factors that are related to response rates and a significant relationship between some of these

socioeconomic factors and average expenditures. For example, higher income groups have, on average, higher expenditures

on food & beverages than those that have incomes under $20,000, holding other factors constant. And, visitors with higher

incomes had higher survey response rates. This suggests the possibility of nonresponse bias for these expenditure items.

For expenditures on diving (DIVPPC) and on services (SERVPPC) there is not a significant relationship between socioeconomic factors and average expenditures. Even though a couple of factors (e.g. Black visitors for diving and visitors with

incomes $60,000 to $100,000 for services) were individually significant, the overall test that all the coefficients for all the

socioeconomic factors are equal to zero is not rejected (F-significance in Table A.3.6 greater than .10).

Expenditure Mailback: January - April 1996

Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors. Cross-tabulations of socioeconomic factors and response rates are reported in

Table A.3.7. The univariate tests for differences are reported in Table A.3.8. For the January - April 1996 survey, only age

of the person interviewed was significant with older visitors having higher response rates. Table A.3.9 defines the socioeconomic factors included in the multivariate tests and Table A.3.10 summarizes the results of these tests. Again, all three tests

identified the same factors as being significantly related to response rates. Black visitors had lower response rates as did

Florida residents. Domestic visitors had higher response rates than foreign visitors and visitors with household incomes

between $20,000 and $100,000 had higher response rates than those with incomes under $20,000 or with incomes over

$100,000. The multivariate tests yielded different results than the univariate tests. In the multivariate tests age was not

significant once other factors were included whereas race/ethnicity, household income, and whether a visitor was foreign or

domestic were.

Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors. The same linear regressions estimated for the July - August 1995 sample

were estimated for the January - April 1996 sample. Table A.3.11 defines each variables and provides an estimate of the

variable mean (unweighted). Table A.3.12 summarizes the results of the analysis.

For lodging, food & beverages, and services none of the factors related to response rates were also related to the amount

of expenditures indicating that nonresponse was not a problem for these items. For diving, sightseeing and other activity

expenditures the tests for all the coefficients equal to zero is not rejected meaning that none of the socioeconomic factors

were related to expenditures and thus nonresponse bias also was not a problem for these expenditure items. For transportation, boating, fishing, miscellaneous, and total expenditures, there was a significant relationship between socioeconomic

factors related to response rates and level of expenditures suggesting the possibility of nonresponse bias for these expenditure

items.

Satisfaction Mailback: July - August 1995

Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors. Cross-tabulations between socioeconomic factors and response rates are

presented in Table A.3.13. The univariate tests are summarized in Table A.3.14. The univariate tests indicate that age, race/

ethnicity, and whether a visitor is foreign or domestic were significantly related to response rates. Table A.3.15 provides the

definitions of the variables used in the multivariate tests and Table A.3.16 summarizes the results of the multivariate tests.

The multivariate tests indicate the same factors identified as significant in the univariate tests are significant factors when

controlling for other factors. Older visitors had higher response rates as did domestic visitors. Black and Hispanic visitors

had lower response rates as did foreign visitors.

Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors. The satisfaction mailback included both importance and satisfaction

ratings for 25 items along with ratings on satisfactions for 10 items five years ago and certain special issue questions. Here a
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62

selected set of importance ratings were used to test for the existence of nonresponse bias. The items selected are enough to

demonstrate that the potential for nonresponse bias does exist. As will be demonstrated at the end of this chapter, the extent

of nonresponse bias appears to be minimal.

Table A.3.17 defines the variables for the importance ratings for which relationships between socioeconomic factors was

tested. All the importance factors were rated on a scale from one to five with one being not important and five being extremely important. Table A.3.18 summarizes the results of regressions relating socioeconomic factors to 11 items. For only

two of the 11 items, were socioeconomic factors related to response rates not related to the level of importance scores

(IMPWATER and IMPCORAL). For all other items then, there is the potential for nonresponse bias.

Satisfaction Mailback: January - April 1996

Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors. Cross-tabulations between socioeconomic factors and response rates are

presented in Table A.3.19. The univariate tests are summarized in Table A.3.20. The univariate tests indicate that age, and

whether a visitor is foreign or domestic were significantly related to response rates. Table A.3.21 provides the definitions of

the variables used in the multivariate tests and Table A.3.22 summarizes the results of the multivariate tests. The multivariate

tests indicate that the two factors identified as significant in the univariate tests (AGE and DOMESTIC) are significant

factors when controlling for other factors. Older visitors had higher response rates as did domestic visitors. Black and

Hispanic visitors had lower response rates as did foreign visitors. But, the multivariate tests also indicated that mode of

access and race/ethnicity were also significant factors. Air visitors had higher response rates than auto visitors and cruise

ship visitors had lower response rates than auto visitors. Black and Hispanic visitors had lower response rates than the

combined categories of White/Indian/Asian/Other visitors.

Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors. Table A.3.23 defines the variables for the importance ratings for which

relationships between socioeconomic factors was tested. All the importance factors were rated on a scale from one to five

with one being not important and five being extremely important. Table A.3.24 summarizes the results of regressions

relating socioeconomic factors to 11 items. For only one of the 11 items, was socioeconomic factors related to response rates

not related to the level of importance scores (IMPHIST). For all other items then, there is the potential for nonresponse bias.

Ecosystem Mailback: January - April 1996

Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors. The ecosystem mailback was only given out to visitors during the January -

April 1996 survey period. Also, the ecosystem mailback was given to the CUSTOMER Survey sample not the Auto, Air and

Cruise Ship sample as was the case for the expenditure and satisfaction mailbacks. Overall, there were 2,809 visitors

interviewed on-site in the CUSTOMER Survey during the January - April 1996 survey period and 1,503 (53.51 percent)

responded to the ecosystem mailback. The ecosystem mailback was different in that it asked primarily about visitor’s

knowledge of what they think ecosystems are, what services they think come from ecosystems, and how important a list of

services were to them. Response rate for this mailback questionnaire would be expected to be related to the educational level

of respondents. And, even though education and household income are often highly correlated, it is expected that, for the

ecosystem mailback, there would be separate effects related to education. Table A.3.25 shows the response rates by socioeconomic factors. Note that for mode of access that Cruise Ship and Private Boat modes had a very limited number of

observations for both the on-site and mailback components of the CUSTOMER Survey. Therefore, the results of the

CUSTOMER Survey and here, the ecosystem mailback, are limited to visitors from the Auto and Air modes of access.

Univariate tests indicated that age, education, and race/ethnicity were significant factors in explaining response to the

ecosystem mailback (Table A.3.26). Table A.3.27 provides the definitions of the variables used in the multivariate tests. It is

important to note here that for education (EDUCIN1) the variable values range from one to six with the number corresponding to the educational levels given in Table A.3.25. The average educational level of 4.5 translates into an educational level

between 13-15 years and 16 years (college grad). The multivariate tests indicated that age, education, race/ethnicity, and

household income are related to response rates. This was the same as the univariate test results except for household income.

Here, household income was limited to those that did not provide income and those that earned over $100,000. In both cases,

these two groups had lower response rates. Unlike the other mailbacks in this study, response rates were not significantly

different between foreign and domestic visitors, holding other factors constant. Older visitors and more highly educated

visitors had higher response rates and Blacks and Hispanics had lower response rates (Table A.3.28).

Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors. As with the other mailback questionnaires in this study, the analysis on

question responses and socioeconomic factors was limited to a selected set of questions. Tests were run on all responses but
63

only a select list are presented here. The questions presented here are representative of all the questions with respect to the

socioeconomic factors that were significantly related to responses and therefore show enough to convince us that

nonresponse bias is a possibility. As will be shown below, the extent of potential bias appears to be minimal and can be

corrected for by sample weighting. Table A.3.29 provides the definitions of the variables used in this analysis. Two different

types of questions were analyzed here. First, there were seven questions which asked the respondent how important they

thought ecosystems were in providing the seven services listed. The respondent was asked to rate the importance on a 1 to 5

scale (1 being not at all important to 5 meaning extremely important). The respondent was then given a list of 20 ecosystem

services and asked to rate the importance to them of each one of these services. Again, they were asked to rate these services

on the same 1 to 5 scale. Four of those services were included here for the nonresponse bias analysis.

As with the previous mailback surveys discussed above, linear regressions were run relating question responses to

socioeconomic factors. Table A.3.30 contains a summary of these results. For one question (IMPB), no factors were

significantly related. For two questions (IMPPHOS and IMPSULPH) none of the factors that were related to response rates

were also related to question response. Thus, for these three factors the possibility of nonresponse appears to not exist. For

the remaining questions, however, the factors that were important in explaining response rates were also important in

explaining question response, indicating the possibility of nonresponse bias.

Solution to the Problem of Nonresponse Bias

As was mentioned in the introduction to this Chapter and in Chapter 2, the solution chosen for adjusting for nonresponse

bias was a multivariate sample weighting method. The details of this sample weighting are described in Chapter 2. Here the

possible extent of nonresponse bias is assessed by comparing selected measurements from each mailback survey and comparing weighted and unweighted means. Table A.3.31 shows the questions from each survey, their weighted and unweighted

means, and the percent difference between the weighted and unweighted means. This latter measure serves as an indicator of

the potential extent of nonresponse bias. Overall, only the expenditure mailback would seem to have the potential for

significant differences as a result of nonresponse bias. Expenditures would have been overestimated without adjusting for

nonresponse bias by sample weighting. For the satisfaction and ecosystem mailbacks, there appear to be no significant

differences between weighted and unweighted means suggesting very little potential for nonresponse bias even without

sample weighting.
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Table A.3.1. Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995

 Expenditure Mailback

______________________________________________________________

 On-site Mailback

 Response Sample Sample

Socioeconomic Factor Rate (%) Size Size

______________________________________________________________

Mode of Access

 Auto 36.01 922 332

 Air 41.92 198 83

 Cruise Ship 42.06 214 90

Age

 16-25 18.87 106 20

 26-35 29.87 298 89

 36-45 40.78 434 177

 46-60 44.32 370 164

 Over 60 47.22 108 51

Household Income

 Under $20,000 28.00 75 21

 $20,000 - $39,999 35.42 240 85

 $40,000 - $59,999 43.01 279 120

 $60,000 - $100,000 42.45 351 149

 Over $100,000 43.31 157 68

 Missing 26.72 232 62

Race/ethnicity

 American Indian 100.00 1 1

 Asian/Pacific Islander 30.00 10 3

 Black Not Hispanic 21.82 55 12

 White Not Hispanic 40.17 1,165 468

 Hispanic 17.78 90 16

 Other 33.33 3 1

 Missing 40.00 10 4

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic (U.S.) 42.38 1,116 473

 Foreign 14.68 218 32

 Florida 40.33 538 217

Total Sample 37.86 1,334 505

______________________________________________________________
65

Table A.3.2. Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and

 Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995 Expenditure

 Mailback 1

___________________________________________________________

 Statistical Significance

Socioeconomic Factor of KS Test 2 Significant 3

___________________________________________________________

Mode of Access 0.3136 NO

Age 0.0001 YES

Household Income 0.0805 YES

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic or Foreign 0.0001 YES

 Florida Resident 0.6226 NO

Race/ethnicity 0.0183 YES

Number of people paying for 0.5013 NO

___________________________________________________________

1. The test used was the Kolmogorov - Smirnov Two-sample Test which

 tests the differences in the distributions of socioeconomic factors

 between YES and NO response groups.

2. Statistical significance of .01 means that the distribution of the socio-

 economic factor for respondents to the mailback survey was different

 from those that did not respond at the 99 percent confidence level.

 Similarly, .05 significance corresponds to the 95 percent confidence

 level and .10 corresponds to the 90 percent confidence level.

3. YES indicates distributions are different at .10 significance or the 90

 percent confidence level.
6666p

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Table A.3.3. Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: July - August 1995 Expenditure Mailback

_____________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean (N=1,331) 1

_____________________________________________________________________________

ERESPON Responded to Mailback 1=yes 0=no 0.3794

AUTO Dummy Variable 1=Auto Mode of Access 0.6904

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.1488

CRUISE Dummy Variable 1=Cruise Ship Mode of Access 0.1608

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 28.65

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0676

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0413

DAYS Number of Days in Keys on Interview Trip 4.2320

NPEPPAY Number of People Paying for on Trip 2.1630

FLDUM Dummy Variable 1=Florida resident 0.4042

INC20K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income under $20,000 0.0563

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1803

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.2096

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.2637

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1180

INC2MISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1721

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8385

____________________________________________________________________________

1. Total sample size was 1,334 but three respondents did not provide their age, so the means

 presented here are for the sample of 1,331 used in the multivariate tests.
67

Table A.3.4. Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: July -

 August 1995 Expenditure Mailback 1

______________________________________________________________________

 Ordinary

 Least

Socieconomic Factor Squares Probit Logit

______________________________________________________________________

Constant 0.055778 -1.3219 -2.2159

 (0.85) (-6.66)*** (-6.47)***

AIR -0.013296 -0.043876 -0.059968

(-0.33) (-0.39) (-0.33)

CRUISE 0.026303 0.074248 0.112930

 (0.63) (0.65) (0.61)

AGE 0.000184 0.000576 0.000967

 (1.67)* (1.68)* (1.60)*

HISPANIC -0.25451 -0.77139 -1.2774

(-4.80)*** (-4.67)*** (-4.40)***

BLACK -0.23163 -0.67738 -1.1021

(-3.40)*** (-3.30)*** (-3.16)***

DAYS 0.000099 0.000382 0.000542

 (0.05) (0.07) (0.06)

NPEPPAY 0.012366 0.035974 0.057539

 (1.29) (1.33) (1.30)

FLDUM -0.011648 -0.035824 -0.048463

(-0.36) (-0.40) (-0.34)

INC2MISS 0.051332 0.12968 0.24740

 (0.81) (0.70) (0.79)

INC40K 0.044701 0.13571 0.23759

 (0.72) (0.75) (0.79)

INC60K 0.098701 0.28178 0.47225

 (1.60) (1.59) (1.60)

INC100K 0.098553 0.27619 0.47174

 (1.63) (1.59) (1.62)

INC150K 0.094310 0.27119 0.45400

 (1.41) (1.43) (1.44)

DOMESTIC 0.293100 0.90733 1.52140

 (6.77)*** (6.85)*** (6.56)***

Adjusted R-square 0.06808 N/A N/A

F - significance 0.00000 N/A N/A

Restricted Log-likelihood -926.1488 -883.4865 -883.4865

Chi-squared Significance N/A 0.0000 0.0000

N 1,331 1,331 1,331

______________________________________________________________________

1. Dependent variable (ERESPON) is a dummy variable indicating whether the person

 responded to the mailback 1=yes 0=no. Mean of the dependent variable is .3794.

 T-values are in parentheses under the estimated coefficient for each independent

 variable. * means the coefficient is significant at .10, ** means coefficient is significant

 at .05, and *** means coefficient is significant at .001.
68686868p

68

Table A.3.5. Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995

 Expenditure Mailback

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean (N=488) 1

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LODGEPPC Expenditures on Lodging Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 152.54

FOODPPC Expenditures on Food & Beverages Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 123.05

TRANSPPC Expenditures on Transportation Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 64.66

BOATPPC Expenditures on Boating Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 29.53

FISHPPC Expenditures on Fishing Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 9.61

DIVPPC Expenditures on Diving Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 17.02

SIGHPPC Expenditures on Sightseeing Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 10.68

OTHACPPC Expenditures on Other Activities Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 9.43

MISCPPC Expenditures on Miscellaneous Items Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 37.50

SERVPPC Expenditures on Services Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 5.07

TOTVPPC Total Expenditures (sum of LODGEPPC to SERVPPC) Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 459.09

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.1657

CRUISE Dummy Variable 1=Cruise Ship Mode of Access 0.1796

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 44.38

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0319

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0239

DAYS Number of Days in Keys on Interview Trip 4.355

INC2MISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1218

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 to $39,999 0.1677

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 to $59,999 0.2395

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 to $100,000 0.2934

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1357

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.9361

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample size for the mailback was 501 but missing information for AGE resulted in 488 observations for estimation.
69

Table A.3.6. Tests of Relationships between Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors: July - August

 1995 Expenditure Mailback 1

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 _______________________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables LODGEPPC FOODPPC TRANSPPC BOATPPC FISHPPC DIVPPC

____________________________________________________________________________________

Constant -63.702 -5.117 20.644 -36.906 0.058 28.234

(-1.10) (-0.16) (0.78) (-2.04)** (0.01) (1.57)

AIR 30.622 88.313 207.05 -26.270 -5.526 10.356

 (0.77) (3.69)*** (5.96)*** (-2.63)** (-1.04) (1.18)

CRUISE -40.927 -45.836 -13.071 3.445 -7.456 -11.729

(-1.86)* (-3.17)*** (-1.57) (0.50) (-2.54)** (-3.06)**

AGE 1.2076 -0.2912 -0.4623 0.0151 0.018 -0.0184

 (1.63)* (-0.55) (-0.76) (0.05) (0.10) (-0.13)

HISPANIC 2.473 16.693 -4.3888 -2.281 15.759 8.715

 (0.09) (0.88) (-0.59) (-0.21) (1.11) (0.73)

BLACK 4.938 -1.474 7.3131 -7.404 7.903 -4.713

 (0.48) (-0.22) (0.73) (-1.71)* (1.18) (-1.72)*

DAYS 32.816 16.887 5.477 8.667 1.338 0.894

 (4.54)*** (4.04)*** (2.98)** (4.53)*** (2.84)** (1.53)

INC2MISS 32.345 32.047 -34.838 5.529 -4.606 -9.364

 (0.83) (1.30) (-1.66)* (0.58) (-0.42) (-0.57)

INC40K 57.887 51.938 -13.827 32.848 -3.503 -13.612

 (1.47) (2.30)** (-0.79) (1.60) (-0.32) (-0.98)

INC60K 13.577 38.911 21.829 20.242 -8.020 -9.945

 (0.50) (2.28)** (0.92) (2.00)** (-0.83) (-0.72)

INC100K 41.249 58.726 4.345 1.178 -2.952 -9.605

 (1.42) (3.08)** (0.22) (0.15) (-0.27) (-0.72)

INC150K 30.797 53.832 11.189 6.460 -2.069 -21.353

 (0.83) (2.30)** (0.42) (0.71) (-0.19) (-1.59)

DOMESTIC -12.149 15.151 7.7236 21.094 9.300 -2.720

(-0.47) (1.13) (0.84) (3.07)** (3.14)** (-0.28)

Adj. R-SQ 0.3088 0.2991 0.2725 0.1295 0.0133 0.0084

F-signif 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0990 0.1860

N 488 488 488 488 488 488

____________________________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, **

 means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant at .001.
70707070p

70

Table A.3.6. Tests of Relationships Between Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors:

 July - August 1995 Expenditure Mailback 1 (continued)

________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 ___________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables SIGHPPC OTHACPPC MISCPPC SERVPPC TOTVPPC

________________________________________________________________________

Constant -0.484 -7.460 -6.213 5.034 -65.913

 (-0.10) (-0.55) (-0.46) (0.64) (-0.59)

AIR 10.624 33.751 32.959 -5.167 376.71

 (2.52)** (1.19) (3.14)** (-0.61) (4.24)***

CRUISE 1.491 -3.259 20.231 -4.147 -101.26

 (0.81) (-0.87) (2.48)** (-1.06) (-2.26)**

AGE 0.193 -0.0559 0.493 -0.335 0.764

 (2.12)** (-0.41) (2.30)** (-0.88) (0.44)

HISPANIC -2.705 10.788 20.733 -2.540 63.246

 (-1.04) (1.09) (1.27) (-0.88) (0.75)

BLACK 1.610 -0.287 22.047 -0.750 29.183

 (0.60) (-0.05) (1.10) (-0.39) (1.13)

DAYS 0.518 0.486 2.657 0.900 70.641

 (1.74)* (1.02) (3.26)*** (1.46) (5.34)***

INC2MISS -0.811 42.029 -2.207 21.729 81.853

 (-0.26) (1.08) (-0.22) (1.05) (0.89)

INC40K 10.845 2.487 13.875 0.731 139.67

 (2.89)** (0.80) (1.54) (0.37) (1.61)

INC60K 6.930 -1.687 10.478 2.739 95.052

 (2.03)** (-0.39) (1.12) (1.14) (1.49)

INC100K 5.385 -0.335 20.568 5.944 124.50

 (2.00)** (-0.06) (2.18)** (2.07)** (1.89)**

INC150K 5.202 -5.031 -1.786 4.519 81.760

 (1.42) (-0.74) (-0.19) (1.12) (0.94)

DOMESTIC -7.789 8.076 -11.075 7.354 34.965

 (-2.58)** (0.91) (-1.44) (0.85) (0.832)

Adj. R-SQ 0.0382 0.0022 0.0655 0.0030 0.3570

F-Signif 0.0019 0.3627 0.0000 0.3355 0.0000

N 488 488 488 488 488

_______________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant

 at .10, ** means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant

 at .001.
71

Table A.3.7. Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996

 Expenditure Mailback

______________________________________________________________

 On-site Mailback

 Response Sample Sample

Socioeconomic Factor Rate (%) Size Size

______________________________________________________________

Mode of Access

 Auto 45.89 1,643 754

 Air 48.84 387 189

 Cruise Ship 42.27 220 93

Age

 16-25 28.81 118 34

 26-35 36.90 336 124

 36-45 44.47 452 201

 46-60 48.92 738 361

 Over 60 52.58 561 295

 Missing 46.67 45 21

Household Income

 Under $20,000 38.61 101 39

 $20,000 - $39,999 49.46 370 183

 $40,000 - $59,999 49.02 461 226

 $60,000 - $100,000 51.36 514 264

 Over $100,000 47.62 336 160

 Missing 35.04 468 164

Race/Ethnicity

 American Indian 25.00 4 1

 Asian/Pacific Islander 25.00 8 2

 Black Not Hispanic 17.65 17 3

 White Not Hispanic 46.84 2,165 1,014

 Hispanic 30.61 49 15

 Other 16.67 6 1

 Missing 0.00 0 1

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic (U.S.) 47.52 1,917 911

 Foreign 37.54 333 125

 Florida 42.09 354 149

Total Sample 46.04 2,250 1,036

______________________________________________________________
72727272p

72

Table A.3.8. Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and

 Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Expenditure

 Mailback 1

___________________________________________________________

 Statistical Significance

Socioeconomic Factor of KS Test 2 Significant 3

___________________________________________________________

Mode of Access 0.9997 NO

Age 0.0001 YES

Household Income 0.9677 NO

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic or Foreign 0.1132 NO

 Florida Resident 0.6226 NO

Race/Ethnicity 0.8198 NO

Number of people paying for 0.3391 NO

___________________________________________________________

1. The test used was the Kolmogorov - Smirnov Two-sample Test which

 tests the differences in the distributions of socioeconomic factors

 between YES and NO response groups.

2. Statistical significance of .01 means that the distribution of the socio-

 economic factor for respondents to the mailback survey was different

 from those that did not respond at the 99 percent confidence level.

 Similarly, .05 significance corresponds to the 95 percent confidence

 level and .10 corresponds to the 90 percent confidence level.

3. YES indicates distributions are different at .10 significance or the 90

 percent confidence level.
73

Table A.3.9. Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: January - April 1996 Expenditure Mailback

_____________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean (N=2,246) 1

_____________________________________________________________________________

ERESPON Responded to Mailback 1=yes 0=no 0.4608

AUTO Dummy Variable 1=Auto Mode of Access 0.7298

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.1723

CRUISE Dummy Variable 1=Cruise Ship Mode of Access 0.0979

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 29.10

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0218

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0076

DAYS Number of Days in Keys on interview trip 6.6400

NPEPPAY Number of People Paying for on Trip 1.7360

FLDUM Dummy Variable 1=Florida Resident 0.1572

INC20K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income under $20,000 0.0449

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1647

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.2053

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.2053

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.2289

INC2MISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1496

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8517

____________________________________________________________________________

1. Total sample size was 2,250 but three respondents did not provide their age, so the means

 presented here are for the sample of 2,246 used in the multivariate tests.
74747474p

74

Table A.3.10. Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: January -

 April 1996 Expenditure Mailback 1

______________________________________________________________________

 Ordinary

 Least

Socieconomic Factor Squares Probit Logit

______________________________________________________________________

Constant 0.318530 -0.465260 -0.75354

 (5.43)*** (-3.07)** (-3.06)**

AIR 0.022527 0.058714 0.093943

 (0.76) (0.78) (0.77)

CRUISE -0.034255 -0.085220 -0.13996

(-0.92) (-0.89) (-0.91)

AGE -0.000029 -0.000081 -0.000125

(-0.41) (-0.43) (-0.41)

HISPANIC -0.130190 -0.345420 -0.572350

(-1.76)* (-1.76)* (-1.76)*

BLACK -0.292910 -0.850940 -1.4364

(-2.41)** (-2.37)** (-2.23)**

DAYS -0.000618 -0.001571 -0.0025063

(-0.73) (-0.72) (-0.72)

NPEPPAY 0.013399 0.034210 0.055535

(1.18) (1.17) (1.19)

FLDUM -0.056987 -0.144960 -0.233760

(-1.84)* (-1.83)* (-1.84)*

INC2MISS -0.037360 -0.101390 -0.159380

(-0.68) (-0.71) (-0.69)

INC40K 0.099362 0.252270 0.41182

 (1.79)* (1.76)* (1.78)*

INC60K 0.091260 0.232430 0.37834

(1.67)* (1.65)* (1.66)*

INC100K 0.110240 0.28005 0.45478

 (2.03)** (2.00)** (2.01)**

INC150K 0.068054 0.172680 0.28367

 (1.20) (1.18) (1.20)

DOMESTIC 0.087690 0.22708 0.36518

 (2.81)** (2.82)** (2.80)**

Adjusted R-square 0.01947 N/A N/A

F - significance 0.00000 N/A N/A

Restricted Log-likelihood -1,623.21 -1,549.91 -1,549.91

Chi-squared Significance N/A 0.0000 0.0000

N 2,246 2,246 2,246

______________________________________________________________________

1. Dependent variable (ERESPON) is a dummy variable indicating whether the person

 responded to the mailback 1=yes 0=no. Mean of the dependent variable is .4608.

 T-values are in parentheses under the estimated coefficient for each independent

 variable. * means the coefficient is significant at .10, ** means coefficient is significant

 at .05, and *** means coefficient is significant at .001.
75

Table A.3.11. Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996

 Expenditure Mailback

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean (N=1,015) 1

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LODGEPPC Expenditures on Lodging Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 217.17

FOODPPC Expenditures on Food & Beverages Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 155.43

TRANSPPC Expenditures on Transportation Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 67.02

BOATPPC Expenditures on Boating Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 17.22

FISHPPC Expenditures on Fishing Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 21.12

DIVPPC Expenditures on Diving Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 7.57

SIGHPPC Expenditures on Sightseeing Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 13.00

OTHACPPC Expenditures on Other Activities Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 8.19

MISCPPC Expenditures on Miscellaneous Items Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 41.85

SERVPPC Expenditures on Services Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 14.93

TOTVPPC Total Expenditures (sum of LODGEPPC to SERVPPC) Per Person Per Trip Spent in Monroe County 563.50

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.1833

CRUISE Dummy Variable 1=Cruise Ship Mode of Access 0.0897

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 51.15

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0118

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0029

DAYS Number of Days in Keys on Interview Trip 6.606

INC2MISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1537

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 to $39,999 0.1773

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 to $59,999 0.2207

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 to $100,000 0.2562

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1547

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8808

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Sample size for the mailback was 1,036 but missing information for AGE resulted in 1,015 observations for estimation.
76767676p

76

Table A.3.12. Tests of Relationships between Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors: January -

 April 1996 Expenditure Mailback 1

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 _______________________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables LODGEPPC FOODPPC TRANSPPC BOATPPC FISHPPC DIVPPC

____________________________________________________________________________________

Constant 64.629 79.838 -42.181 -29.114 -43.432 21.632

 (0.91) (2.12)** (-2.42)** (-1.43) (-1.20) (3.86)***

AIR 109.66 77.084 134.57 4.686 34.891 6.624

(2.18)** (3.78)*** (7.84)*** (0.48) (1.22) (0.89)

CRUISE -163.36 -78.929 -25.781 9.130 -7.973 -1.218

(-9.76)*** (-7.31)*** (-3.38)*** (0.73) (-1.13) (-0.59)

AGE 1.3686 -0.517 0.262 -0.135 0.791 -0.304

 (1.42) (-1.13) (0.87) (-0.36) (1.00) (-3.67)***

HISPANIC -74.705 -29.482 -8.269 171.41 6.429 -4.793

(-2.18)** (-0.76) (-0.55) (1.16) (0.46) (-1.39)

BLACK -60.188 -31.137 -5.839 12.433 -7.043 -4.756

(-1.30) (-1.47) (-0.57) (0.89) (-1.18) (-1.27)

DAYS 10.409 7.833 2.052 3.288 0.521 0.092

(4.63)*** (7.81)*** (4.12)*** (1.55) (2.85)** (1.18)

INC2MISS -9.022 45.727 47.674 20.721 -11.426 -3.873

 (-0.13) (1.35) (3.15)** (1.43) (-0.94) (-0.79)

INC40K -82.424 24.181 24.558 15.080 0.481 -4.214

(-1.31) (0.80) (2.27)** (1.39) (0.05) (-0.87)

INC60K -37.376 20.981 25.549 14.132 2.954 -5.038

(-0.59) (0.72) (2.39)** (1.29) (0.32) (-1.14)

INC100K 11.662 18.504 57.318 19.123 -0.045 -1.653

 (0.18) (0.65) (4.62)*** (1.36) (-0.01) (-0.35)

INC150K 37.207 71.747 59.799 27.870 38.630 2.854

(0.57) (2.22)** (4.26)*** (2.10)** (1.70)* (0.30)

DOMESTIC 28.264 13.504 21.310 10.886 11.295 2.576

 (1.09) (0.68) (3.09)** (2.36)** (2.34)** (1.25)

Adj. R-SQ 0.1416 0.2456 0.1976 0.1473 0.0125 0.0039

F-signif 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0166 0.1946

N 1,015 1,015 1,015 1,015 1,015 1,015

____________________________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, **

 means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant at .001.
77

Table A.3.12. Tests of Relationships Between Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January -April 1996 Expenditure Mailback 1 (continued)

________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 ___________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables SIGHPPC OTHACPPC MISCPPC SERVPPC TOTVPPC

________________________________________________________________________

Constant 9.607 4.878 38.467 -33.412 70.912

 (2.07)** (0.94) (3.22)** (-2.00)** (0.61)

AIR -1.099 7.646 29.388 5.627 409.07

 (-0.53) (1.71) (3.05)** (0.44) (5.02)***

CRUISE -2.050 -2.883 6.484 11.664 -254.91

 (-0.64) (-1.30) (0.80) (1.77)* (-7.14)***

AGE 0.066 0.054 -0.425 -0.082 1.080

 (1.25) (0.72) (-2.24)** (-0.47) (0.63)

HISPANIC -1.532 8.857 -2.381 0.157 65.688

 (-0.31) (0.88) (-0.14) (0.03) (0.41)

BLACK -1.187 -4.988 -2.047 64.990 -39.761

 (-0.28) (-1.88)* (-0.18) (1.44) (-0.39)

DAYS 0.059 0.078 0.638 4.273 29.242

 (0.85) (0.98) (2.82)** (3.22)*** (10.36)***

INC2MISS 4.100 -0.322 12.785 26.029 132.39

 (1.00) (-0.06) (1.49) (1.44) (1.23)

INC40K 2.437 -0.400 20.478 6.675 6.853

 (0.61) (-0.06) (2.01)** (0.63) (0.07)

INC60K 3.080 -3.345 11.822 11.448 44.207

 (0.80) (-0.70) (1.60) (0.99) (0.46)

INC100K 0.374 -6.102 13.082 9.396 121.66

 (0.10) (-1.41) (1.78)* (0.85) (1.28)

INC150K 2.024 -4.423 31.145 7.515 274.37

 (0.53) (-0.88) (2.59)** (0.69) (2.61)**

DOMESTIC -2.406 2.160 -1.604 12.207 98.192

 (-0.89) (0.85) (-0.16) (2.07) (1.82)*

Adj. R-SQ -0.0040 -0.0018 0.0267 0.1967 0.2961

F-Signif 0.7924 0.6077 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

N 1,015 1,015 1,015 1,015 1,015

_______________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant

 at .10, ** means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant

 at .001.
78787878p

78

Table A.3.13. Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995

 Satisfaction Mailback

______________________________________________________________

 On-site Mailback

 Response Sample Sample

Socioeconomic Factor Rate (%) Size Size

______________________________________________________________

Mode of Access

 Auto 46.85 922 432

 Air 46.46 198 92

 Cruise Ship 48.60 214 104

Age

 16-25 30.19 106 32

 26-35 37.92 298 113

 36-45 50.92 434 221

 46-60 52.97 370 196

 Over 60 57.41 108 62

 Missing 22.22 18 4

Household Income

 Under $20,000 38.67 75 29

 $20,000 - $39,999 49.17 240 118

 $40,000 - $59,999 50.18 279 140

 $60,000 - $100,000 50.43 351 177

 Over $100,000 52.23 157 82

 Missing 35.34 232 82

Race/Ethnicity

 American Indian 100.00 1 1

 Asian/Pacific Islander 40.00 10 4

 Black Not Hispanic 29.09 55 16

 White Not Hispanic 50.21 1,165 585

 Hispanic 18.89 90 17

 Other 33.33 3 1

 Missing 40.00 10 4

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic (U.S.) 50.36 1,116 562

 Foreign 30.28 218 66

 Florida 50.00 538 269

Total Sample 47.08 1,334 628

______________________________________________________________
79

Table A.3.14. Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and

 Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995 Satisfaction

 Mailback 1

___________________________________________________________

 Statistical Significance

Socioeconomic Factor of KS Test 2 Significant 3

___________________________________________________________

Mode of Access 1.0000 NO

Age 0.0001 YES

Household Income 0.9263 NO

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic or Foreign 0.0006 YES

 Florida Resident 0.4462 NO

Race/Ethnicity 0.0010 YES

___________________________________________________________

1. The test used was the Kolmogorov - Smirnov Two-sample Test which

 tests the differences in the distributions of socioeconomic factors

 between YES and NO response groups.

2. Statistical significance of .01 means that the distribution of the socio-

 economic factor for respondents to the mailback survey was different

 from those that did not respond at the 99 percent confidence level.

 Similarly, .05 significance corresponds to the 95 percent confidence

 level and .10 corresponds to the 90 percent confidence level.

3. YES indicates distributions are different at .10 significance or the 90

 percent confidence level.
80808080p

80

Table A.3.15. Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: July - August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback

_____________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean (N=1,316) 1

_____________________________________________________________________________

RESPONSE Responded to Mailback 1=yes 0=no 0.4742

AUTO Dummy Variable 1=Auto Mode of Access 0.6876

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.1505

CRUISE Dummy Variable 1=Cruise Ship Mode of Access 0.1619

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 41.94

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0684

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0410

DAYS Number of Days in Keys on Interview Trip 4.1880

FLDUM Dummy Variable 1=Florida R-esident 0.4035

INC20K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income under $20,000 0.0563

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1816

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.2097

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.2629

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1178

INC2MISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1717

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8374

____________________________________________________________________________

1. Total sample size was 1,334 but three respondents did not provide their age, so the means

 presented here are for the sample of 1,316 used in the multivariate tests.
81

Table A.3.16. Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: July -

 August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback 1

______________________________________________________________________

 Ordinary

 Least

Socieconomic Factor Squares Probit Logit

______________________________________________________________________

Constant 0.120680 -1.0182 -1.6510

 (1.60) (-4.96)*** (-4.882)***

AIR -0.042299 -0.11249 -0.17454

(-1.00) (-1.00) (-0.97)

CRUISE 0.008644 0.027791 0.043353

(0.20) (0.24) (0.23)

AGE 0.004878 0.013075 0.021183

(4.19)*** (4.18)*** (4.15)***

HISPANIC -0.336090 -0.96271 -1.5920

(-6.15)*** (-5.92)*** (-5.60)***

BLACK -0.241000 -0.65075 -1.0471

(-3.41)*** (-3.34)*** (-3.24)***

DAYS -0.001481 -0.004008 -0.006386

 (-0.69) (-0.69) (-0.70)

FLDUM 0.001851 0.000592 0.005540

 (0.05) (0.01) (0.04)

INC2MISS -0.017120 -0.053442 -0.078635

(-0.26) (-0.30) (-0.27)

INC40K 0.068214 0.18874 0.30930

(1.06) (1.08) (1.09)

INC60K 0.062391 0.16827 0.27921

 (0.98) (0.98) (0.99)

INC100K 0.052201 0.14008 0.23330

(0.83) (0.83) (0.84)

INC150K 0.047166 0.12801 0.21025

 (0.68) (0.69) (0.70)

DOMESTIC 0.17958 0.47845 0.76635

 (3.98)*** (3.95)*** (3.88)***

Adjusted R-square 0.06795 N/A N/A

F - significance 0.00000 N/A N/A

Restricted Log-likelihood -953.38 -910.42 -910.42

Chi-squared Significance N/A 0.0000 0.0000

N 1,316 1,316 1,316

______________________________________________________________________

1. Dependent variable (RESPONSE) is a dummy variable indicating whether the person

 responded to the mailback 1=yes 0=no. Mean of the dependent variable is .4742.

 T-values are in parentheses under the estimated coefficient for each independent

 variable. * means the coefficient is significant at .10, ** means coefficient is significant

 at .05, and *** means coefficient is significant at .001.
82828282p

82

Table A.3.17. Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and

 Socioeconomic Factors: July - August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback

__________________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean N

__________________________________________________________________________________

AUTO Dummy Variable 1=Auto Mode of Access 0.6879 628

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.1465 628

CRUISE Dummy Variable 1=Cruise Ship mode of Access 0.1656 628

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 43.80 624

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/Ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0271 628

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/Ethnicity is Black 0.0255 628

INC2MISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1306 628

INC20K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income under $20,000 0.0462 628

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 to $39,999 0.1879 628

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 to $59,999 0.2229 628

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 to $100,000 0.2818 628

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1306 628

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8949 628

FLDUM Dummy Variable 1=Florida Resident 0.4283 628

IMPWATER Importance Rating Clear Water (scores 1 to 5) 4.2108 555

IMPCORAL Importance Rating Amount of Living Coral on Reefs 3.9692 520

IMPTRANS Importance Rating Public Transportation 2.1586 473

IMPPARK Importance Rating Parking 3.1519 520

IMPVIEW Importance Rating Many Different Kinds of Fish and Sea Life to View 3.9670 546

IMPCATCH Importance Rating Many Different Kinds of Fish and Sea Life to Catch 3.0539 501

IMPRAMP Importance Rating Boat Ramps/Launching Facilities 2.7505 457

IMPMARIN Importance Rating Marina Facilities 2.8298 476

IMPSERV Importance Rating Service and Friendliness of People 4.1983 580

IMPHIST Importance Rating Historic Preservation (historic landmarks, houses) 3.7316 570

IMPREST Importance Rating Availability of Public Restrooms 3.8039 571

____________________________________________________________________________________________
83

Table A.3.18. Tests of Relationships between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic Factors:

 July -August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback 1

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 _______________________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables IMPWATER IMPCORAL IMPTRANS IMPPARK IMPVIEW IMPCATCH

____________________________________________________________________________________

Constant 4.4640 3.7478 2.0271 2.8468 3.9031 1.3962

(21.08)*** (10.40)*** (6.06)*** (9.73)*** (11.98)*** (3.63)***

AIR -0.0420 -0.2080 0.3162 -0.2346 -0.0852 -0.3173

(-0.33) (-1.23) (1.82)* (-1.36) (-0.59) (-1.36)

CRUISE -0.3988 -0.5477 1.1065 -0.3207 -0.6533 -0.5287

(-2.99)** (-3.19)*** (6.32)*** (-1.70)* (-4.04)*** (-2.26)**

AGE -0.0022 0.0029 0.0106 0.0102 -0.0023 0.0090

(-0.63) (0.62) (2.09)** (2.24)** (-0.54) (1.67)*

HISPANIC -0.0788 -0.1392 -0.2475 0.2209 -0.5216 -0.0530

 (-0.33) (-0.31) (-0.87) (0.87) (-1.38) (-0.12)

BLACK 0.2235 0.3201 0.9871 1.0579 0.5470 0.6208

 (0.81) (1.11) (2.78)** (3.27)*** (2.31)** (1.42)

INC2MISS -0.1070 0.0288 -0.1257 0.2395 -0.1221 0.0473

(-0.60) (0.09) (-0.42) (0.91) (-0.44) (0.13)

INC40K -0.2533 -0.1515 -0.0694 0.3310 0.0585 0.2139

(-1.47) (-0.52) (-0.25) (1.34) (0.24) (0.60)

INC60K -0.2990 -0.0762 -0.2846 0.2690 -0.0320 0.1033

 (-1.79)* (-0.26) (-1.01) (1.09) (-0.13) (0.29)

INC100K -0.1485 0.1827 -0.2808 0.3000 0.2108 0.1949

(-0.94) (0.65) (-1.01) (1.23) (0.89) (0.55)

INC150K -0.1550 -0.1206 -0.6780 0.0015 0.0327 0.2161

 (-0.90) (-0.40) (-2.27)** (0.01) (0.13) (0.57)

DOMESTIC 0.1387 0.2230 -0.2324 -0.2857 0.3219 1.0616

 (1.05) (1.06) (-1.16) (-1.59) (1.92)** (4.46)***

FLDUM -0.0631 0.02676 -0.2780 -0.1730 -0.1561 0.5511

(-0.65) (0.21) (-2.16)** (-1.37) (-1.41) (3.41)***

Adj. R-SQ 0.0062 0.0164 0.1692 0.0234 0.0374 0.1240

F-signif 0.2217 0.0600 0.0000 0.0203 0.0013 0.0000

N 551 516 471 516 542 497

____________________________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, **

 means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant at .001.
84848484p

84

Table A.3.18. Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic

 Factors: July - August 1995 Satisfaction Mailback 1 (continued)

________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 ___________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables IMPRAMP IMPMARIN IMPSERV IMPHIST IMPREST

________________________________________________________________________

Constant 1.9526 1.7692 3.6839 2.9362 2.6458

(5.23)*** (4.98)*** (15.13)*** (9.80)*** (8.66)***

AIR -0.1525 -0.0385 0.3313 0.4433 0.2480

 (-0.75) (-0.20) (3.05)** (3.27)*** (1.71)*

CRUISE -0.1344 0.3070 0.2412 0.3106 0.2986

 (-0.63) (1.39) (1.93)** (2.13)** (2.20)**

AGE -0.0064 0.0028 0.0061 0.0102 0.0127

 (-1.17) (0.53) (2.01)** (2.62)** (3.57)***

HISPANIC -0.2343 -0.3621 -0.4038 -0.4252 -0.0563

 (-0.69) (-1.29) (-1.50) (-1.21) (-0.23)

BLACK 1.1799 0.9434 0.6123 0.6438 0.7706

 (2.31)** (2.21) (5.37)*** (2.33)** (4.18)***

INC2MISS 0.2804 0.2397 0.2607 0.1300 0.3881

 (0.79) (0.70) (1.26) (0.50) (1.47)

INC40K 0.6245 0.3288 0.3413 0.3833 0.5611

 (1.91)* (1.10) (1.68) (1.60) (2.20)**

INC60K 0.4569 0.2915 0.3529 0.2529 0.4425

 (1.34) (0.95) (1.78)* (1.06) (1.78)*

INC100K 0.6418 0.2626 0.2377 0.2507 0.2838

 (1.94)** (0.86) (1.23) (1.09) (1.13)

INC150K 0.0787 -0.0778 0.3014 -0.1126 0.0611

 (0.22) (-0.24) (1.41) (-0.45) (0.23)

DOMESTIC 0.3685 0.4770 -0.1543 -0.0111 0.2873

 (1.87)* (2.37)** (-1.17) (-0.06) (1.68)*

FLDUM 0.6927 0.5313 0.0371 0.1004 -0.2146

 (4.60)*** (3.70)*** (0.38) (0.88) (-1.90)*

Adj. R-SQ 0.1178 0.0741 0.0316 0.0378 0.0706

F-Signif 0.0000 0.0000 0.0027 0.0009 0.0000

N 453 472 576 566 567

_______________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant

 at .10, ** means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant

 at .001.
85

Table A.3.19. Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996

 Satisfaction Mailback

_________________________________________________________________

 On-site Mailback

 Response Sample Sample

Socioeconomic Factor Rate (%) Size Size

_________________________________________________________________

Mode of Access

 Auto 52.40 1,643 861

 Air 56.59 387 219

 Cruise Ship 47.27 220 104

Age

 16-25 31.36 118 37

 26-35 42.56 336 143

 36-45 49.34 452 223

 46-60 54.61 738 403

 Over 60 63.64 561 357

 Missing 46.67 45 21

Household Income

 Under $20,000 45.54 101 46

 $20,000 - $39,999 56.22 370 208

 $40,000 - $59,999 57.70 461 266

 $60,000 - $100,000 59.34 514 305

 Over $100,000 53.57 336 180

 Missing 38.25 468 179

Race/Ethnicity

 American Indian 50.00 4 2

 Asian/Pacific Islander 12.50 8 1

 Black Not Hispanic 29.41 17 5

 White Not Hispanic 53.72 2,165 1,163

 Hispanic 24.49 49 12

 Other 16.67 6 1

 Missing 0.00 1 0

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic (U.S.) 54.62 1,917 1,047

 Foreign 41.14 333 137

 Florida 47.74 354 169

Total Sample 52.62 2,250 1,184

_________________________________________________________________
86868686p

86

Table A.3.20. Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and

 Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Satisfaction

 Mailback 1

___________________________________________________________

 Statistical Significance

Socioeconomic Factor of KS Test 2 Significant 3

___________________________________________________________

Mode of Access 0.9659 NO

Age 0.0001 YES

Household Income 0.9170 NO

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic or Foreign 0.0109 YES

 Florida Resident 0.6614 NO

Race/Ethnicity 0.4073 NO

___________________________________________________________

1. The test used was the Kolmogorov - Smirnov Two-sample Test which

 tests the differences in the distributions of socioeconomic factors

 between YES and NO response groups.

2. Statistical significance of .01 means that the distribution of the socio-

 economic factor for respondents to the mailback survey was different

 from those that did not respond at the 99 percent confidence level.

 Similarly, .05 significance corresponds to the 95 percent confidence

 level and .10 corresponds to the 90 percent confidence level.

3. YES indicates distributions are different at .10 significance or the 90

 percent confidence level.
87

Table A.3.21. Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: January - April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback

_____________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean (N=2,204) 1

_____________________________________________________________________________

RESPONSE Responded to Mailback 1=yes 0=no 0.5277

AUTO Dummy Variable 1=Auto Mode of Access 0.7286

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.1729

CRUISE Dummy Variable 1=Cruise Ship Mode of Access 0.0985

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 49.16

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0204

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0077

DAYS Number of Days in Keys on Interview Trip 6.5870

FLDUM Dummy Variable 1=Florida Resident 0.1561

INC20K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income under $20,000 0.0453

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1652

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.2078

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.2296

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1502

INC2MISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.2019

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8525

____________________________________________________________________________

1. Total sample size was 2,250 but three respondents did not provide their age, so the means

 presented here are for the sample of 2,204 used in the multivariate tests.
8888p

88

Table A.3.22. Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: January -

 April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback 1

______________________________________________________________________

 Ordinary

 Least

Socieconomic Factor Squares Probit Logit

______________________________________________________________________

Constant 0.165430 -0.88187 -1.4307

 (2.70)** (-5.42)*** (-5.38)***

AIR 0.069625 0.18763 0.30362

(2.36)** (2.40)** (2.39)**

CRUISE -0.080310 -0.21254 -0.34293

 (-2.19)** (-2.19)** (-2.19)**

AGE 0.005990 0.015862 0.02571

(7.91)*** (7.82)*** (7.75)***

HISPANIC -0.21335 -0.60332 -1.0203

(-2.82)** (-2.81)** (-2.76)**

BLACK -0.20728 -0.58599 -0.93586

(-1.74)* (-1.74)* (-1.69)*

DAYS -0.00064 -0.001752 -0.00278

(-0.76) (-0.79) (-1.37)

FLDUM -0.042661 -0.10963 -0.17872

(-1.39) (-1.36) (-1.37)

INC2MISS -0.116990 -0.31870 -0.51000

(-2.14)** (-2.19)** (-2.15)**

INC40K 0.067439 0.17143 0.28359

(1.23) (1.18) (1.20)

INC60K 0.068945 0.17489 0.28647

 (1.27) (1.23) (1.23)

INC100K 0.085979 0.21787 0.35818

(1.61) (1.54) (1.56)

INC150K 0.021960 0.05028 0.08620

(0.39) (0.34) (0.36)

DOMESTIC 0.065214 0.17261 0.27430

(2.07)** (2.07)** (2.03)**

Adjusted R-square 0.06195 N/A N/A

F - significance 0.00000 N/A N/A

Restricted Log-likelihood -1,596.26 -1,524.32 -1,524.32

Chi-squared Significance N/A 0.0000 0.0000

N 2,204 2,204 2,204

______________________________________________________________________

1. Dependent variable (RESPONSE) is a dummy variable indicating whether the person

 responded to the mailback 1=yes 0=no. Mean of the dependent variable is .5277.

 T-values are in parentheses under the estimated coefficient for each independent

 variable. * means the coefficient is significant at .10, ** means coefficient is significant

 at .05, and *** means coefficient is significant at .001.
89

Table A.3.23. Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and

 Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback

__________________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean N

__________________________________________________________________________________

AUTO Dummy Variable 1=Auto Mode of Access 0.7272 1,184

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.1850 1,184

CRUISE Dummy Variable 1=Cruise Ship Mode of Access 0.0878 1,184

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 51.47 1,163

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/Ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0101 1,184

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/Ethnicity is Black 0.0042 1,184

INC2MISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1512 1,184

INC20K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income under $20,000 0.0389 1,184

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 to $39,999 0.1757 1,184

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 to $59,999 0.2247 1,184

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 to $100,000 0.2576 1,184

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1520 1,184

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8843 1,184

FLDUM Dummy Variable 1=Florida Resident 0.1427 1,184

IMPWATER Importance Rating Clear Water (scores 1 to 5) 4.2108 1,032

IMPCORAL Importance Rating Amount of Living Coral on Reefs 3.7004 928

IMPTRANS Importance Rating Public Transportation 2.3424 882

IMPPARK Importance Rating Parking 3.3612 1,027

IMPVIEW Importance Rating Many Different Kinds of Fish and Sea Life to View 3.6176 1,025

IMPCATCH Importance Rating Many Different Kinds of Fish and Sea Life to Catch 2.7908 913

IMPRAMP Importance Rating Boat Ramps/Launching Facilities 2.3397 789

IMPMARIN Importance Rating Marina Facilities 2.5275 817

IMPSERV Importance Rating Service and Friendliness of People 4.1501 1,106

IMPHIST Importance Rating Historic Preservation (Historic Landmarks, Houses) 3.7407 1,076

IMPREST Importance Rating Availability of Public Restrooms 3.8944 1,089

____________________________________________________________________________________________
90909090p

90

Table A.3.24. Tests of Relationships between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January - April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback 1

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 _______________________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables IMPWATER IMPCORAL IMPTRANS IMPPARK IMPVIEW IMPCATCH

____________________________________________________________________________________

Constant 4.4502 4.2873 2.6099 2.9365 4.1976 1.8169

(23.72)*** (18.23)*** (10.32)*** (13.04)*** (18.32)*** (6.27)***

AIR -0.1414 -0.1743 0.3660 -0.2924 -0.1156 -0.0396

(-1.52) (-1.49) (3.08)** (-2.90)** (-1.18) (-0.29)

CRUISE 0.1217 -0.1209 1.1324 -0.2102 0.0670 -0.2241

 (1.06) (-0.74) (8.56)*** (-1.52) (0.48) (-1.24)

AGE -0.0095 -0.0084 0.0059 0.0127 -0.0119 0.0056

(-4.05)*** (-2.81)** (1.91)* (4.70)*** (-4.35)*** (1.50)

HISPANIC -0.4583 0.1197 -0.0126 0.1383 -0.2979 0.6971

 (-1.47) (0.39) (-0.04) (0.40) (-0.86) (2.77)**

BLACK 0.2220 -0.1728 0.3090 -0.3068 0.0315 -1.8495

 (0.39) (-0.36) (0.29) (2.36)** (0.12) (-10.77)***

INC2MISS 0.0910 0.2817 -0.2767 -0.0117 0.2016 0.0810

 (0.51) (1.39) (-1.13) (-0.56) (1.10) (0.31)

INC40K -0.0079 0.2204 -0.2355 0.1002 0.1208 0.1607

(-0.04) (1.08) (-0.97) (0.48) (0.68) (0.64)

INC60K 0.0442 0.1927 -0.3140 0.1228 0.0609 0.1774

 (0.26) (0.99) (-1.35) (0.61) (0.34) (0.73)

INC100K 0.0640 0.2130 -0.5240 -0.0657 0.1254 0.0661

 (0.38) (1.10) (-2.26)** (-0.33) (0.73) (0.28)

INC150K 0.0032 0.1009 -0.8651 -0.2289 0.0387 0.0644

 (0.02) (0.49) (-3.67)*** (-1.11) (0.21) (0.25)

DOMESTIC -0.1155 -0.3908 -0.3096 -0.1506 -0.1106 0.5495

(-1.36) (-3.48)*** (-2.38)** (-1.47) (-0.91) (3.47)***

FLDUM 0.2614 0.2750 -0.2493 -0.1117 0.3035 0.6269

 (3.03)** (2.62)** (-2.20)** (-1.09) (3.22)*** (4.40)***

Adj. R-SQ 0.0215 0.0227 0.1082 0.0441 0.0234 0.0440

F-signif 0.0008 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000

N 1,011 911 865 1,008 1,006 897

____________________________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, **

 means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant at .001.
91

Table A.3.24. Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic

 Factors: January - April 1996 Satisfaction Mailback 1 (continued)

________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 ___________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables IMPRAMP IMPMARIN IMPSERV IMPHIST IMPREST

________________________________________________________________________

Constant 1.9291 2.3633 4.3938 4.1451 3.9053

 (7.50)*** (8.60)*** (26.28)*** (19.64)*** (23.45)***

AIR -0.0708 -0.1881 0.2134 0.0683 0.0614

 (-0.62) (-1.61) (2.90)** (0.76) (0.76)

CRUISE 0.2434 0.1919 0.2043 0.2607 0.1471

 (1.47) (1.18) (2.38)** (2.52)** (1.53)

AGE 0.0053 0.0010 -0.0026 -0.0043 0.0058

 (1.61) (0.30) (-1.28) (-1.73)* (2.59)**

HISPANIC 1.0713 1.1758 -0.4578 -0.0618 0.2576

 (3.26)*** (3.48)*** (-1.53) (-0.17) (1.02)

BLACK 0.1643 -0.3161 -0.4119 -0.4900 0.0156

 (0.27) (-0.69) (-1.25) (-1.77)* (0.04)

INC2MISS -0.0116 -0.1024 -0.0736 0.0150 -0.2607

 (-0.05) (-0.43) (-0.50) (0.08) (-1.90)*

INC40K -0.0236 -0.0946 0.0820 0.0132 -0.2516

 (-0.10) (-0.39) (0.57) (0.07) (-1.88)*

INC60K -0.0329 -0.1543 0.1037 0.0066 -0.1995

 (-0.15) (-0.68) (0.74) (0.04) (-1.59)

INC100K -0.0565 -0.1275 0.0752 -0.1015 -0.3512

 (-0.26) (-0.56) (0.54) (-0.56) (-2.81)**

INC150K -0.2238 -0.2767 0.0530 -0.0142 -0.5416

 (-0.98) (-1.17) (0.36) (-0.07) (-4.02)***

DOMESTIC 0.0870 0.2214 -0.2458 -0.2167 -0.0251

 (0.56) (1.41) (-3.31)*** (-2.38) (-0.26)

FLDUM 0.6227 0.3861 0.0108 0.0215 -0.1250

 (4.81)*** (3.02)** (0.14) (0.22) (-1.34)

Adj. R-SQ 0.0476 0.0277 0.0169 0.0032 0.0184

F-Signif 0.0000 0.0006 0.0025 0.2211 0.0016

N 775 802 1,085 1,057 1,068

_______________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant

 at .10, ** means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant

 at .001.
92929292p

92

Table A.3.25. Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996

 Ecosystem Mailback

______________________________________________________________

 On-site Mailback

 Response Sample Sample

Socioeconomic Factor Rate (%) Size Size

______________________________________________________________

Mode of Access

 Auto 53.26 2,610 1,390

 Air 58.47 183 107

 Cruise Ship 50.00 4 2

 Private Boat 33.33 12 4

Age

 16-25 41.02 295 121

 26-35 41.79 560 234

 36-45 55.75 678 378

 46-60 57.61 788 454

 Over 60 66.30 460 305

 Missing 39.29 28 11

Household Income

 Under $20,000 51.66 151 78

 $20,000 - $39,999 54.36 390 212

 $40,000 - $59,999 57.04 568 324

 $60,000 - $100,000 60.35 575 347

 Over $100,000 53.12 401 213

 Missing 45.44 724 329

Education

 8th Grade or less 60.00 5 3

 9th - 11th grade 46.88 64 30

 12th grade 47.45 588 279

 13-15 years 53.41 616 329

 16 years (college grad) 53.94 901 486

 17 or more years 59.74 626 374

Race/Ethnicity

 American Indian 66.67 3 2

 Asian/Pacific Islander 40.00 25 10

 Black Not Hispanic 21.88 32 7

 White Not Hispanic 55.63 2,594 1,443

 Hispanic 27.14 140 38

 Other 16.67 12 2

 Missing 33.33 3 1

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic (U.S.) 54.04 2,478 1,339

 Foreign 49.55 331 164

Total Sample 53.51 2,809 1,503

______________________________________________________________
93

Table A.3.26. Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and

 Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Ecosystem

 Mailback 1

___________________________________________________________

 Statistical Significance

Socioeconomic Factor of KS Test 2 Significant 3

___________________________________________________________

Mode of Access 1.0000 NO

Age 0.0001 YES

Household Income 0.2554 NO

Education 0.0145 YES

Origin of Visitor

 Domestic or Foreign 0.9666 NO

Race/Ethnicity 0.0015 YES

___________________________________________________________

1. The test used was the Kolmogorov - Smirnov Two-sample Test which

 tests the differences in the distributions of socioeconomic factors

 between YES and NO response groups.

2. Statistical significance of .01 means that the distribution of the socio-

 economic factor for respondents to the mailback survey was different

 from those that did not respond at the 99 percent confidence level.

 Similarly, .05 significance corresponds to the 95 percent confidence

 level and .10 corresponds to the 90 percent confidence level.

3. YES indicates distributions are different at .10 significance or the 90

 percent confidence level.
94949494p

94

Table A.3.27. Variable Definitions for Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic

 Factors: January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback

_____________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean (N=2,777) 1

_____________________________________________________________________________

RESPONSE Responded to Mailback 1=yes 0=no 0.5373

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air Mode of Access 0.0648

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 44.23

EDUCIN1 Education Level of Person Interviewed 4.505

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0493

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0115

DAYS Number of Days in Keys on Interview Trip 7.144

INC20K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income under $20,000 0.0544

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1394

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.2031

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.2060

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1426

INCMISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.2546

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8826

____________________________________________________________________________

1. Total sample size was 2,809 but three respondents did not provide their age, so the means

 presented here are for the sample of 2,777 used in the multivariate tests.
95

Table A.3.28. Multivariate Tests of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors: January -

 April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback 1

______________________________________________________________________

 Ordinary

 Least

Socieconomic Factor Squares Probit Logit

______________________________________________________________________

Constant 0.17190 -0.86164 -1.4072

 (2.68)** (-5.06)*** (-5.09)***

AIR 0.031419 0.08078 0.13585

 (0.83) (0.81) (0.84)

AGE 0.005833 0.015373 0.02502

(8.76)*** (8.62)*** (8.54)***

EDUCIN1 0.036453 0.097075 0.15834

 (4.26)*** (4.27)*** (4.28)***

HISPANIC -0.23207 -0.63448 -1.0310

(-5.37)*** (-5.26)*** (-5.11)***

BLACK -0.28789 -0.80471 -1.3407

(-3.34)*** (-3.22)*** (-3.08)**

DAYS 0.00055 0.00151 0.00249

 (0.89) (0.91) (0.91)

INC2MISS -0.16108 -0.43176 -0.70143

 (-3.64)*** (-3.65)*** (-3.67)***

INC40K -0.05000 -0.13627 -0.22156

 (-1.06) (-1.09) (-1.10)

INC60K -0.03683 -0.10535 -0.16789

 (-0.82) (-0.88) (-0.87)

INC100K -0.02877 -0.08364 -0.13956

 (-0.63) (-0.69) (-0.72)

INC150K -0.12184 -0.32945 -0.53751

 (-2.54)** (-2.58)** (-2.62)**

DOMESTIC 0.03477 0.08808 0.14463

 (1.21) (1.16) (1.18)

Adjusted R-square 0.05997 N/A N/A

F - significance 0.00000 N/A N/A

Restricted Log-likelihood -2,007.79 -1,917.148 -1,917.148

Chi-squared Significance N/A 0.0000 0.0000

N 2,777 2,777 2,777

______________________________________________________________________

1. Dependent variable (RESPONSE) is a dummy variable indicating whether the person

 responded to the mailback 1=yes 0=no. Mean of the dependent variable is .5373.

 T-values are in parentheses under the estimated coefficient for each independent

 variable. * means the coefficient is significant at .10, ** means coefficient is significant

 at .05, and *** means coefficient is significant at .001.
96969696p

96

Table A.3.29. Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and

 Socioeconomic Factors: January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback

__________________________________________________________________________________

Variable Definition Mean N

__________________________________________________________________________________

AIR Dummy Variable 1=Air mode of access 0.0712 1,503

AGEIN1 Age of Person Interviewed 46.53 1,494

EDUCIN1 Education of the Person Interviwed 4.59 1,501

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/Ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0253 1,502

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/Ethnicity is Black 0.0047 1,502

INCMIS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.2189 1,503

INC20K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income under $20,000 0.0519 1,503

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 to $39,999 0.1411 1,503

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 to $59,999 0.2156 1,503

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 to $100,000 0.2309 1,503

INC150K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.1417 1,503

DOMESTIC Dummy Variable 1=Domestic Visitor 0=Foreign Visitor 0.8909 1,503

DAYS Number of Days in the Keys on the Interview Trip 7.835 1,503

Ecosystem Services - How important you think ecosystems are in providing the following (scores 1 to 5)

IMPWATER Importance Rating Water for Use by Plants 4.1304 1,327

IMPSOLAR Importance Rating Solar Energy to Produce Food and Nutrients 4.0015 1,313

IMPOXY Importance Rating Oxygen for Use by Plants and Animals 4.2079 1,294

IMPCARB Importance Rating Carbon for use by Plants and Animals 3.8649 1,044

IMPPHOS Importance Rating Phosphorous for use by Plants and Animals 3.6718 966

IMPSULPH Importance Rating Sulphur for use by Plants and Animals 3.5535 878

IMPNITRO Importance Rating Nitrogen for use by Plants and Animals 3.8632 1,104

Ecosystem Services - How important are the following ecosystem services to you (scores 1 to 5)

IMPA Importance Rating Using Plants for Commercial Harvest 3.3367 1,304

IMPB Importance Rating Using Plants for Recreational Harvest 2.8773 1,377

IMPC Importance Rating Using Plants for Nature Study and Observation 3.4787 1,387

IMPD Importance Rating Using Plants for Photographs, Paintings, Videos 2.6905 1,370

____________________________________________________________________________________________
97

Table A.3.30. Tests of Relationships between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic Factors:

 January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback 1

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 _______________________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables IMPWATER IMPSOLAR IMPOXY IMPCARB IMPPHOS IMPSULPH

____________________________________________________________________________________

Constant 3.7049 3.7603 3.8919 3.6217 3.3428 3.2090

(19.28)*** (19.00)*** (20.62)*** (14.03)*** (12.34)*** (10.11)***

AIR -0.0577 -0.0850 -0.1046 -0.3757 -0.4433 -0.5533

(-0.55) (-0.75) (-0.99) (-2.40)** (-2.78)** (-3.22)***

AGEIN1 0.000038 -0.0051 -0.0046 -0.0071 -0.0036 -0.0050

 (0.02) (-2.43)** (-2.40)** (-2.74)** (-1.35) (-1.60)

EDUCIN1 0.11429 0.0867 0.0963 0.0605 0.0338 0.0503

 (4.79)*** (3.24)*** (3.96)*** (1.84)* (0.97) (1.28)

HISPANIC 0.05032 0.2182 0.0135 -0.2265 -0.2162 -0.0531

 (0.33) (1.36) (0.08) (-1.00) (-0.92) (-0.23)

BLACK 0.09598 -0.0424 -0.0190 0.0212 0.5066 0.3377

 (0.21) (-0.09) (-0.04) (0.04) (1.24) (0.57)

INCMIS -0.06126 0.0608 0.0144 0.1739 0.2354 0.2342

(-0.45) (0.42) (0.10) (1.03) (1.24) (1.11)

INC40K -0.18155 -0.1131 -0.1539 -0.0965 0.0010 0.0064

(-1.28) (-0.73) (-1.02) (-0.56) (0.01) (0.03)

INC60K -0.00903 0.1567 -0.0039 0.0272 0.0872 0.1779

 (-0.07) (1.10) (-0.03) (0.16) (0.46) (0.85)

INC100K -0.04639 0.0965 0.0150 0.0910 0.0817 0.0906

 (-0.35) (0.67) (0.11) (0.55) (0.43) (0.43)

INC150K -0.18814 -0.0501 -0.0332 -0.0796 0.0081 0.0694

 (-1.30) (-0.32) (-0.22) (-0.44) (0.04) (0.32)

DOMESTIC -0.0175 0.0266 0.1162 0.3274 0.3144 0.2965

(-0.23) (0.20) (1.33) (2.63)** (2.41)** (2.05)**

DAYS -0.0011 0.0010 0.0008 -0.0019 0.0003 -0.0006

(-0.64) (0.60) (0.63) (-0.92) (0.14) (-0.22)

Adj. R-SQ 0.0144 0.0140 0.0154 0.0242 0.0114 0.0135

F-signif 0.0020 0.0027 0.0015 0.0002 0.0283 0.0223

N 1,316 1,302 1,283 1,034 958 869

____________________________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, **

 means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant at .001.
98989898p

98

Table A.3.30. Tests of Relationships Between Importance Ratings and Socioeconomic

 Factors: January - April 1996 Ecosystem Mailback 1 (continued)

________________________________________________________________________

 Dependent Variables/Models

 ___________________________________________________________

Independent

Variables IMPNITRO IMPA IMPB IMPC IMPD

________________________________________________________________________

Constant 3.2399 2.3678 2.8668 3.3745 2.0436

 (12.55)*** (9.90)*** (12.50)*** (15.40)*** (8.36)***

AIR -0.2643 -0.0020 -0.2220 -0.2349 -0.0714

 (-1.87)* (-0.02) (-1.81)* (-2.03)** (-0.56)

AGEIN1 -0.0001 0.0101 -0.0020 -0.0081 -0.0042

 (-0.05) (4.43)*** (-0.90) (-3.92)*** (-1.77)*

EDUCIN1 0.0870 0.0363 -0.0214 0.0792 0.0844

 (2.86)** (1.20) (-0.73) (2.82)** (2.69)**

HISPANIC -0.0996 -0.4149 -0.1264 -0.0403 -0.0297

 (-0.46) (-1.76)* (-0.58) (-0.22) (-0.15)

BLACK 0.3335 -0.9325 -0.6695 -0.7656 -0.9452

 (0.74) (-1.86)* (-1.68)* (-1.75)* (-3.15)**

INCMIS 0.0003 0.2834 0.1781 -0.0138 0.2806

 (0.00) (1.76)* (1.16) (-0.09) (1.68)*

INC40K -0.0872 0.2423 0.0649 -0.0306 0.1469

 (-0.49) (1.42) (0.41) (-0.19) (0.86)

INC60K 0.0253 0.3747 0.1106 0.0415 0.1498

 (0.15) (2.35)** (0.74) (0.28) (0.92)

INC100K 0.0026 0.4022 0.0544 -0.0651 0.2082

 (0.02) (2.50)** (0.36) (-0.43) (1.29)

INC150K -0.1630 0.4054 0.0829 -0.1800 0.0366

 (-0.91) (2.40)** (0.52) (-1.14) (0.21)

DOMESTIC 0.2896 0.0394 0.1395 0.1938 0.3221

 (2.41)** (0.36) (1.37) (2.15)** (3.06)**

DAYS 0.0024 -0.0028 0.0007 0.0005 0.0016

 (1.52) (-1.33) (0.48) (0.30) (0.77)

Adj. R-SQ 0.0109 0.0249 -0.0004 0.0188 0.0112

F-Signif 0.0209 0.0000 0.4870 0.0002 0.0074

N 1,095 1,295 1,368 1,378 1,360

_______________________________________________________________________

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant

 at .10, ** means statistically significant at .05, and *** means statistically significant

 at .001.
99

Table A.3.31. A Comparison of Weighted and Unweighted Means for Selected

 Responses from the Mailback Questionnaires

___________________________________________________________________

 Weighted vs Unweighted

 Weighted Unweighted Percent

Season/Variable Mean Mean Difference

___________________________________________________________________

Expenditure Mailback June - November 1995

TOTVPPC 413.02 464.63 -12.50

LODGEPPC 150.38 154.41 -2.68

FOODPPC 112.01 124.11 -10.80

Expenditure Mailback Dec. 1995 - May 1996

TOTVPPC 490.05 559.73 -14.22

LODGEPPC 187.38 214.11 -14.26

FOODPPC 138.93 155.82 -12.16

Satisfaction Mailback June - Nov. 1995

IMPWATER 4.2121 4.2108 0.03

IMPCORAL 3.9638 3.9692 -0.14

IMPTRANS 2.0714 2.1586 -4.21

IMPPARK 3.1980 3.1519 1.44

IMPVIEW 3.9428 3.9670 -0.61

IMPCATCH 3.0250 3.0539 -0.96

IMPRAMP 2.7571 2.7505 0.24

IMPMARIN 2.7855 2.8298 -1.59

IMPSERV 4.1282 4.1983 -1.70

IMPHIST 3.6536 3.7316 -2.13

IMPREST 3.7189 3.8039 -2.28

Satisfaction Mailback Dec. 1995 - May 1996

IMPWATER 3.9402 3.9128 0.69

IMPCORAL 3.7206 3.7004 0.54

IMPTRANS 2.4481 2.3424 4.32

IMPPARK 3.3694 3.3612 0.24

IMPVIEW 3.6252 3.6176 0.21

IMPCATCH 2.7528 2.7908 -1.38

IMPRAMP 2.3635 2.3397 1.01

IMPMARIN 2.5528 2.5275 0.99

IMPSERV 4.1432 4.1501 -0.17

IMPHIST 3.7757 3.7407 0.93

IMPREST 3.9118 3.8944 0.44

Ecosystem Mailback Dec. 1995 - May 1996

IMPWATER 4.0539 4.1303 -1.89

IMPSOLAR 3.9714 4.0015 -0.76

IMPOXY 4.1898 4.2079 -0.43

IMPCARB 3.8284 3.8649 -0.95

IMPPHOS 3.6113 3.6718 -1.67

IMPSULPH 3.4983 3.5535 -1.58

IMPNITRO 3.7668 3.8632 -2.56

IMPA 3.3021 3.3366 -1.03

IMPB 2.8547 2.8772 -0.79

IMPC 3.4464 3.4787 -0.94

IMPD 2.6479 2.6905 -1.61

__________________________________________________________________
100100100100p

100

Chapter 4. Methods of Estimating Activity Participation and Intensity of Use

This Chapter addresses the methods used for estimating activity participation and intensity of use. Participation includes

estimates of participation rates (the percent of visitors who did an activity) and the number of visitors who did the activity.

Estimates are made by activity, region and season. Intensity of use includes estimates of the number of different days of

activity and the number of hours of activity. As with participation, estimates are made by activity, region and season. The

results of this estimation are presented in “Visitor Profiles: Florida Keys/Key West” (Leeworthy and Wiley, 1996). Here the

methods used to derive those estimates are documented and the estimation is extended to cover activities not reported in the

Visitor Profile report.

Activity Participation

For activity participation, information was obtained on the activities participated in by each person of a traveling/recreation group on their visit to the Florida Keys/Key West. So, although there were 3,584 visitors age 16 or older that were

randomly chosen and interviewed in the Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey during the two sampling seasons (July - August

1995 and January - April 1996), information on activity participation was obtained on 9,299 visitors of all ages.

Participation in 68 activities (see Exhibit 13) in four regions (Upper Keys, Middle Keys, Lower Keys, Key West, (see

Exhibit 14 for a map showing the region definitions) for the two seasons was obtained. Two types of participation rates were

calculated. The first was the percent of all visitors to the Florida Keys/Key West who did an activity in a region. This was

calculated by summing across all visitors in the sample who did the activity in the region divided by the sum of all visitors in

the sample. When this participation rate is multiplied by the number of all visitors to the Florida Keys/Key West (see

Chapter 1 for the estimate of all visitors) an estimate is obtained for the number of visitors who did an activity in the region.

Again, this was done for two seasons. The July-August 1995 sample was used for estimating the June-November 1995

season and the January-April 1996 sample was used for estimating the December 1995 - May 1996 season.

The second type of participation rate calculated was the “within region participate rate”. These participation rates are the

percent of visitors to a region who did an activity in the region. These participation rates were calculated by summing the

number of sampled visitors who did the activity in the region by the sum of sampled visitors who visited the region.

It is important to note that in deriving the estimates of activity participation rates that sample weights were used to ensure

that the sample of visitors of all ages were representative of the population of visitors. Chapter 2 discussed the derivation of

these activity sample weights.

Estimates for activity participation by season and region for the complete list of 68 activities can be found in the appendix

of “Visitor Profiles: Florida Keys/Key West” (Leeworthy and Wiley, 1996). Also, presented in this report were participation

rates for 41 Aggregated Activities formulated from the list of 68 activities. Estimates for the 41 aggregated activities were

done ensuring against double-counting. One cannot add either participation rates or number of participants by activity

because visitors can and do engage in multiple activities. Participation rates and number of participants were estimated for

the 41 aggregated activities without double-counting.

Intensity of Use (Days and Hours)

Participation rates combined with estimates of the number of visitors allowed for the estimation of the number of visitors

who did an activity, in a given region, during a given season. For some purposes, measurements of the intensity of activities

are also needed. For example, assessing the need for recreation facilities. Two measures of intensity of use were obtained

from the CUSTOMER on-site survey: the number of separate days the person did the activity and the number of hours they

did the activity during the interview trip.

The general approach used was to first estimate the average number of days of a given activity in each region during each

season. The average number of days was then multiplied by the number of visitors who did the activity in the region during

that season. The same method was followed for hours of activity.

Days and hours information was obtained from the on-site component of the CUSTOMER Survey. During the July -

August 1995 sampling period, 1,781 visitors were interviewed and 2,809 were interviewed during the January - April 1996
101

sampling period. Days and hours were asked for only 39 of the 68 activities for which participation was estimated. These 39

activities are identified by an “A” suffix attached to the activity number (see Exhibit 13).

In the CUSTOMER Survey sample design, a quota of at least 25 interviews was targeted for each of the 39 activities, in

each region and during each season. It was determined that this number of observations would yield statistically reliable

estimates of the average number of days and hours. This was considered a planning minimum, but the way in which information was gathered was expected to yield greater number of observations since each interview gathered information on all

of the 39 activities for which the visitor participated. However, the minimum sample size of 25 observations per activity, per

region, per season was not achieved for many activities. Generally, we were not able to achieve the minimum sample size for

activities that had low participation rates. In fact, despite attempts to oversample for selected activities, the general CUSTOMER Survey sample was not significantly different with respect to sample activity participation than the Auto, Air and

Cruise Ship Survey, except for slightly higher participation in water-based activities because the CUSTOMER Survey did not

generally include the Cruise Ship passenger visitors.

In the report “Visitor Profiles: Florida Keys/Key West” (Leeworthy and Wiley, 1996), estimates were provided for only

those activities, by region and by season, for which statistically reliable estimates could be made (25 observations or more).

Presentation of the results was limited to 24 of the 39 activities. But even among that list of 24 activities, there were some

missing estimates for a particular activity, in a particular region, in a particular season. For example, the average number of

days visitors engaged in snorkeling from a rental boat, in the Upper Keys, during the December 1995 - May 1996 season was

listed as missing in Table A.2.29 of the Visitor Profiles report (pg. 85). Most of the missing values in that report were for

boat related activities where the activity was disaggregated by type of boat (e.g. Charter/party, private, and rental). The

consequence of this was that it made it impossible to sum across type of boat used for a given activity to get an estimate of

the total for the activity.

Here the constraint, that there had to be at least 25 observations from which to estimate an average for a particular

activity, in a particular region, during a particular season, was relaxed. Estimates have been made for all 39 activities, in each

region, during each season. Sample averages were used irrespective of sample size and when there was no information

available a value of one (1.00) day was used for the average days and a value of four (4.00) hours was used for the average

hours. Also, estimates of the average number of hours for several activities were relatively high and had relatively high

standard errors indicating that these estimates were extremely unreliable. In these cases, four (4) hours was used instead of

the means in Tables A.4.5 to A.4.8. The sample averages, standard errors of the mean, and the number of observations for

each of the 39 activities, for each region, and for each season are summarized in Tables A.4.1 to A.4.4 for days and in Tables

A.4.5 to A.4.8 for hours. Table A.4.9 summarizes the total number of days by region and season and Table A.4.10 summarizes the total annual number of days by region. Table A.4.11 summarizes the total number of hours by region and season

and Table A.4.12 summarizes the annual number of hours by region.

Aggregation Issues. In adding days and/or hours across activities, especially within regions, there may be a certain amount

of double-counting. This would be a greater problem for the number of days than the number of hours, since in a given day,

one is more likely to have engaged in multiple activities. The problem of double-counting would also be expected to be less

when adding within a given activity (e.g. snorkeling) across type of boat (e.g. charter/party, rental, and private). The problem

would be even less when adding across regions for a given activity. And, the problem would be virtually nonexistent when

adding across seasons. Where the problem of double-counting is greatest is when one attempts to add across entirely

different activities. For example, attempting to add snorkeling and scuba diving days for a given region and in a given season

may include a relatively high amount of double-counting. A good indication of this is activity participation numbers where

comparisons can be made between the number of participants who did snorkeling and the number who did scuba diving for a

given region during a given season with the number of participants who did either snorkeling or scuba diving but for which

double-counting has been eliminated. This should provide a guide to the extent of possible double-counting.
102102102102p

102

Table A.4.1. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Upper and Middle Keys, June - Nov. 1995

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 1.27 0.0610 78 1.47 0.0864 54

Rental Boat 1.43 0.1573 28 1.92 0.2267 52

Private Boat 2.45 0.2980 64 3.80 0.3422 136

Shore 2.05 0.2039 56 2.76 0.2598 145

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 2.03 0.1377 58 2.04 0.1877 37

Rental Boat 1.63 0.3550 8 1.97 0.3258 16

Private Boat 2.95 0.4724 25 3.35 0.3999 56

Shore 1.20 0.1894 5 1.57 0.1913 7

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 1.29 0.1746 7 1.54 0.1988 27

Party Boat 1.33 0.3156 3 1.47 0.2238 15

Rental Boat 3.00 1.8936 3 1.92 0.4026 18

Private Boat 1.79 0.2853 44 4.90 0.8789 94

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 1.00 0.0000 3 1.80 0.3500 10

Rental Boat 3.00 0.9468 3 2.50 0.4383 8

Private Boat 2.25 0.4754 11 3.13 0.3751 31

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 1.00 0.0000 2 1.00 0.0000 2

Party Boat 1.00 - 0 1.00 0.0000 4

Rental Boat 4.00 - 1 1.00 0.0000 4

Private Boat 3.50 1.2525 4 2.34 0.2714 35

Fishing from Shore 1.38 0.1056 55 2.33 0.2815 120

Personal Watercraft

Rental Boat 1.04 0.0379 25 1.13 0.0580 31

Private Boat 3.69 0.8797 22 3.93 0.8978 26

Sailing

Charter/Party Boat 1.00 0.0000 3 1.12 0.1183 8

Rental Boat 7.63 3.9811 3 6.95 2.5989 5

Private Boat 2.00 - 1 3.00 0.7731 6

____________________________________________________________________________________
103

Table A.4.1. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Upper and Middle Keys, June - Nov. 1995

 (continued)

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating

Charter/Party 1.09 0.1481 13 1.00 0.0000 7

Rental Boat 2.00 0.9468 3 11.69 5.7907 4

Private Boat 4.09 1.9605 10 4.24 1.0288 19

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 1.05 0.0308 43 1.06 0.0412 32

Guided Backcountry Excursion 1.67 0.4852 12 2.16 0.4782 12

Private/Rental Boat 2.60 0.2750 45 4.06 0.6732 78

Wildlife & Nature Sudy-Land Based

Wildlife Observation/photography 1.62 0.2077 34 3.22 0.9050 112

Other Nature Study 2.22 0.3421 31 4.51 2.6577 35

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 2.34 0.2042 117 3.61 0.2686 255

Other Beach Activities 1.73 0.1976 38 5.09 0.7215 134

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 1.00 - 0 2.85 0.6596 5

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 2.27 0.1844 95 7.37 1.4526 159

Museum & Historic Sites

Museums 1.10 0.0798 50 1.48 0.2121 78

Historic Areas 1.35 0.1815 26 1.64 0.2744 88

____________________________________________________________________________________
104104104104p

104

Table A.4.2. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys & Key West, June - Nov. 1995

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Lower Keys Key West

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 1.31 0.1025 50 1.08 0.0264 120

Rental Boat 1.75 0.2649 20 1.24 0.1132 25

Private Boat 2.82 0.3012 78 2.00 0.3347 17

Shore 1.77 0.1616 80 2.07 0.1355 99

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 1.48 0.1659 17 2.21 0.1895 46

Rental Boat 1.86 0.4348 7 2.13 0.3373 9

Private Boat 3.03 0.6892 30 2.11 0.4586 9

Shore 1.25 0.2367 4 1.82 0.2802 11

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 1.22 0.1392 9 1.34 0.1666 19

Party Boat 1.00 0.0000 6 1.60 0.4732 18

Rental Boat 1.33 0.3156 3 1.59 0.2335 9

Private Boat 1.57 0.1409 54 1.60 0.2093 10

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 1.33 0.3156 3 1.40 0.1954 7

Rental Boat 1.00 - 0 2.00 0.6695 4

Private Boat 2.44 0.5762 17 1.00 - 1

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 1.00 - 1 1.00 0.0000 3

Party Boat 1.00 - 0 1.00 0.0000 4

Rental Boat 1.00 0.0000 4 1.00 - 1

Private Boat 1.33 0.1996 6 1.88 0.2148 8

Fishing from Shore 1.80 0.4371 46 2.00 0.1985 27

Personal Watercraft

Rental Boat 1.00 0.0000 8 1.17 0.1022 35

Private Boat 1.77 0.3975 10 1.50 0.4734 2

Sailing

Charter/Party Boat 1.00 0.0000 3 1.05 0.0527 18

Rental Boat 1.00 - 1 1.51 0.5464 7

Private Boat 3.40 2.0439 5 1.67 0.3156 3

____________________________________________________________________________________
105

Table A.4.2. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys & Key West, June - Nov. 1995

 (continued)

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Lower Keys Key West

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating

Charter/Party 1.00 0.0000 4 1.08 0.0498 29

Rental Boat 1.00 0.0000 2 1.00 0.0000 4

Private Boat 1.50 0.4734 2 1.37 0.2380 5

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 1.00 0.0000 14 1.01 0.0104 91

Guided Backcountry Excursion 1.33 0.3156 6 1.18 0.1902 10

Private/Rental Boat 2.27 0.4352 39 1.28 0.1785 28

Wildlife & Nature Sudy-Land Based

Wildlife Observation/photography 2.02 0.2936 52 2.04 0.1922 46

Other Nature Study 1.96 0.3724 28 1.54 0.2294 21

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 2.04 0.1849 135 2.49 0.1706 203

Other Beach Activities 2.22 0.3804 53 2.56 0.2630 91

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 1.00 0.0000 3 1.00 0.0000 4

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 2.13 0.2114 46 3.01 0.1558 173

Museum & Historic Sites

Museums 1.71 0.6072 14 1.27 0.0467 135

Historic Areas 1.64 0.3519 28 1.77 0.0689 313

____________________________________________________________________________________
106106106106p

106

Table A.4.3. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Upper & Middle Keys, Dec. ‘95 - May ‘96

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 1.11 0.0432 140 1.07 0.0378 40

Rental Boat 2.10 0.2889 20 1.14 0.0931 21

Private Boat 2.16 0.4977 45 1.60 0.3506 34

Shore 1.77 0.1421 96 1.64 0.1182 117

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 1.81 0.1453 93 1.96 0.2942 23

Rental Boat 1.00 0.0000 13 1.00 0.0000 2

Private Boat 3.79 0.8789 14 1.20 0.1786 5

Shore 1.08 0.0815 11 1.27 0.1257 11

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 1.28 0.0980 29 1.13 0.0597 48

Party Boat 1.15 0.0686 33 1.44 0.2282 52

Rental Boat 2.82 0.4221 22 1.33 0.2165 17

Private Boat 9.32 2.1874 57 2.78 0.8244 55

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 1.44 0.3017 9 1.15 0.1493 12

Rental Boat 2.88 0.4185 17 1.50 0.3050 6

Private Boat 9.30 1.4922 44 5.54 1.7381 24

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 1.33 0.2976 3 1.33 0.2976 6

Party Boat 1.00 0.0000 2 1.00 0.0000 4

Rental Boat 3.50 0.4464 2 1.00 0.0000 2

Private Boat 2.00 0.8424 20 3.00 0.8928 9

Fishing from Shore 2.76 0.6746 87 1.75 0.1095 159

Personal Watercraft

Rental Boat 1.15 0.0633 38 1.12 0.1146 39

Private Boat 2.93 0.4474 28 4.18 1.0049 19

Sailing

Charter/Party Boat 1.83 0.7440 6 1.13 0.1501 12

Rental Boat 1.27 0.1741 11 1.00 0.0000 8

Private Boat 2.22 0.8371 14 10.2 4.5897 27

____________________________________________________________________________________
107

Table A.4.3. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Upper & Middle Keys, Dec. ‘95 - May ‘96

 (continued)

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating

Charter/Party 1.17 0.1488 12 1.00 0.0000 11

Rental Boat 1.43 0.1804 7 1.00 0.0000 14

Private Boat 1.76 0.7900 16 1.52 0.9012 16

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 1.01 0.0095 132 1.00 0.0000 37

Guided Backcountry Excursion 1.74 0.6300 34 1.00 0.0000 11

Private/Rental Boat 3.16 0.5918 109 1.87 0.9008 95

Wildlife & Nature Sudy-Land Based

Wildlife Observation/photography 5.03 1.1183 207 1.35 0.0589 306

Other Nature Study 8.70 2.2500 100 1.54 0.1131 142

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 2.78 0.3101 222 2.35 0.1239 377

Other Beach Activities 2.46 0.2979 163 2.45 0.1478 417

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 2.69 0.9558 3 2.30 0.7049 10

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 6.97 1.0192 179 2.75 0.2543 220

Museum & Historic Sites

Museums 1.22 0.1332 133 1.05 0.0394 175

Historic Areas 1.51 0.1699 106 1.10 0.0428 221

____________________________________________________________________________________
108108108108p

108

Table A.4.4. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys & Key West, Dec. ‘95 - May ‘96

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Lower Keys Key West

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 1.00 0.0000 58 1.12 0.0616 109

Rental Boat 1.25 0.1461 8 1.33 0.1948 7

Private Boat 2.72 1.0443 31 2.14 0.5656 7

Shore 1.58 0.1042 86 1.58 0.1106 72

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 1.60 0.4454 10 1.52 0.2938 36

Rental Boat 0.00 - 0 5.66 3.6078 2

Private Boat 1.22 0.1488 8 1.00 - 0

Shore 0.00 0.0000 0 1.80 0.3341 5

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 2.27 1.1610 10 1.87 0.4777 33

Party Boat 3.33 1.7095 5 1.81 0.2611 76

Rental Boat 1.47 0.2835 13 1.25 0.2232 4

Private Boat 4.83 1.1173 43 2.67 0.9692 8

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 2.71 1.3582 6 1.00 0.0000 7

Rental Boat 1.00 - 1 3.33 1.6132 5

Private Boat 5.96 1.6276 27 3.25 1.2143 6

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 1.00 - 0 1.25 0.3156 3

Party Boat 1.00 - 0 1.00 - 1

Rental Boat 1.00 - 1 2.00 - 1

Private Boat 1.60 0.3571 5 3.00 0.5155 3

Fishing from Shore 1.81 0.1235 107 2.58 0.7578 35

Personal Watercraft

Rental Boat 1.00 0.0000 8 1.37 0.1467 27

Private Boat 1.89 0.2592 18 2.10 1.0186 8

Sailing

Charter/Party Boat 1.00 0.0000 2 1.11 0.0711 37

Rental Boat 1.00 - 0 1.00 0.0901 10

Private Boat 1.20 0.1786 5 1.96 1.1803 7

____________________________________________________________________________________
109

Table A.4.4. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys & Key West, Dec. ‘95 - May ‘96

 (continued)

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Lower Keys Key West

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating

Charter/Party 1.00 0.0000 5 1.06 0.0444 28

Rental Boat 1.00 0.0000 3 1.00 0.0000 5

Private Boat 1.75 0.9469 3 2.80 2.0746 4

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 1.00 0.0000 6 1.00 0.0000 139

Guided Backcountry Excursion 1.00 0.0000 5 1.00 0.0000 8

Private/Rental Boat 2.19 0.5094 37 1.61 0.3588 27

Wildlife & Nature Sudy-Land Based

Wildlife Observation/photography 2.13 0.3205 184 1.83 0.1408 119

Other Nature Study 1.89 0.4822 73 1.72 0.2258 57

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 1.88 0.1408 156 2.08 0.0957 306

Other Beach Activities 2.16 0.2134 176 1.92 0.0953 263

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 2.00 0.8928 3 1.20 0.1509 8

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 5.18 0.9367 74 2.75 0.1216 234

Museum & Historic Sites

Museums 1.04 0.0331 27 1.09 0.0168 426

Historic Areas 1.36 0.1347 71 1.41 0.0331 776

____________________________________________________________________________________
110110110110p

110

Table A.4.5. Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Upper and Middle Keys, June - Nov. 1995

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

____________________________________________________________________________________

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 4.05 0.1985 87 4.51 0.4222 61

Rental Boat 6.62 0.9153 29 5.80 0.6724 54

Private Boat 5.36 0.7502 65 13.2 1.7338 144

Shore 3.89 0.3722 58 6.91 0.8210 161

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 7.43 0.6897 62 7.42 0.9818 37

Rental Boat 6.37 1.8589 8 6.18 1.0479 17

Private Boat 6.66 1.6531 24 7.30 0.9783 62

Shore 3.20 0.5521 5 2.30 0.4246 10

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 4.43 0.7691 7 9.22 1.2157 30

Party Boat 3.50 0.4734 4 8.37 2.6313 16

Rental Boat 13.3 7.0288 3 7.10 1.5808 20

Private Boat 5.78 1.0586 42 27.0 6.5653 101

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 5.67 1.1379 3 7.06 1.8976 11

Rental Boat 14.7 5.0496 3 10.1 1.8500 9

Private Boat 5.32 1.8987 11 18.5 3.4479 36

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 3.50 0.4734 2 3.33 1.1379 3

Party Boat 4.00 - 0 3.82 0.1912 5

Rental Boat 10.0 - 1 6.00 0.9468 6

Private Boat 8.80 4.6519 5 8.65 1.1172 40

Fishing from Shore 4.51 0.4892 56 7.50 0.8179 138

Personal Watercraft

Rental Boat 1.84 0.2486 25 2.76 0.3478 35

Private Boat 8.55 1.2226 20 11.5 2.4126 26

Sailing

Charter/Party Boat 4.67 0.8350 3 8.62 5.3378 8

Rental Boat 2.50 1.4202 2 5.50 3.0312 4

Private Boat 12.0 - 1 10.4 3.5783 8

____________________________________________________________________________________
111

Table A.4.5. Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Upper & Middle Keys, June - Nov. 1995

 (continued)

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

____________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating

Charter/Party 3.60 0.5848 14 3.36 0.8462 8

Rental Boat 2.33 0.8350 3 43.0 20.754 5

Private Boat 4.34 1.3845 9 8.76 1.5081 20

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 2.96 0.1315 46 2.26 0.1711 34

Guided Backcountry Excursion 4.23 0.9416 13 7.05 2.2941 13

Private/Rental Boat 7.06 0.8468 47 10.7 2.0728 86

Wildlife & Nature Study-Land Based

Wildlife Observation/photography 3.21 0.4169 34 10.7 6.0945 124

Other Nature Study 3.91 0.9822 33 16.8 15.127 50

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 5.74 0.6144 123 8.84 0.7374 284

Other Beach Activities 6.18 1.1565 43 14.8 1.7596 153

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 4.00 - 0 5.32 2.2217 6

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 4.85 0.5442 94 12.2 4.1578 171

Museum & Historic Sites

Museums 1.88 0.2936 57 2.47 0.3642 87

Historic Areas 3.74 0.7504 32 4.40 0.6094 98

____________________________________________________________________________________
112112112112p

112

Table A.4.6. Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys & Key West, June - Nov. 1995

_____________________________________________________________________________________

 Lower Keys Key West

 _____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 4.85 0.5449 66 4.79 0.2148 125

Rental Boat 7.44 1.6557 27 4.83 0.7553 28

Private Boat 17.1 2.2544 87 7.00 1.4132 17

Shore 4.34 0.3936 101 4.42 0.3378 101

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 4.83 0.4540 20 6.40 0.6136 48

Rental Boat 10.0 3.9809 8 5.32 0.6336 9

Private Boat 12.3 2.7308 33 8.50 3.6844 8

Shore 2.60 0.3787 5 3.54 0.3692 11

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 10.0 4.5900 9 6.57 0.7260 21

Party Boat 4.71 1.0271 7 7.74 2.2745 19

Rental Boat 7.67 2.5129 6 5.93 0.7556 9

Private Boat 8.28 0.9965 63 8.18 1.4713 11

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 6.50 0.8199 4 6.96 1.1212 7

Rental Boat 4.00 - 0 6.50 3.0312 4

Private Boat 16.4 4.9576 19 8.00 - 1

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 5.00 - 1 5.58 1.1489 3

Party Boat 4.00 - 0 5.75 0.8085 4

Rental Boat 8.40 2.8341 5 4.00 - 1

Private Boat 5.83 2.0514 6 9.54 4.2133 8

Fishing from Shore 8.32 2.0751 60 5.85 1.2132 25

Personal Watercraft

Rental Boat 2.19 0.6716 25 2.49 0.3088 40

Private Boat 7.56 1.7218 17 6.00 3.7872 2

Sailing

Charter/Party Boat 8.00 5.0840 4 5.85 2.5039 17

Rental Boat 4.00 - 1 2.53 0.8331 10

Private Boat 7.00 2.9869 7 10.3 2.5833 3

____________________________________________________________________________________
113

Table A.4.6. Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys & Key West, June - Nov. 1995

 (continued)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

 Lower Keys Key West

 ____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating

Charter/Party 2.00 0.3457 6 3.48 0.3646 34

Rental Boat 2.33 0.3156 3 2.15 0.3805 6

Private Boat 10.2 4.3452 4 6.37 2.3505 5

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 3.27 0.3397 20 2.86 0.0978 92

Guided Backcountry Excursion 4.83 1.0202 6 4.63 0.6574 10

Private/Rental Boat 8.22 2.9173 45 4.12 0.7698 32

Wildlife & Nature Study-Land Based

Wildlife Observation/photography 5.38 1.1914 70 3.81 0.4618 45

Other Nature Study 7.12 1.9547 38 3.80 0.8646 24

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 6.55 0.7540 167 6.20 0.5629 214

Other Beach Activities 9.08 1.5474 80 6.93 0.9009 96

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 2.58 1.1580 4 2.41 0.6721 4

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 6.25 0.8919 58 5.72 0.4141 177

Museum & Historic Sites

Museums 3.05 0.5282 26 2.66 0.1464 144

Historic Areas 5.72 0.8594 43 5.02 0.1799 335

_____________________________________________________________________________________
114114114114p

114

Table A.4.7. Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Upper and Middle Keys,

 Dec. ’95 - May ‘96

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys

 _____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 4.54 0.2534 139 3.73 0.1332 40

Rental Boat 4.10 0.5500 19 4.10 0.3421 20

Private Boat 4.96 1.0707 43 2.82 0.7165 34

Shore 3.30 0.2128 96 2.71 0.2571 116

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 6.10 0.7000 92 6.23 0.8849 22

Rental Boat 3.85 0.4271 13 3.00 0.8928 2

Private Boat 7.29 1.1818 14 4.00 1.1293 5

Shore 2.42 0.2813 11 1.82 0.3960 11

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 4.90 0.3972 29 5.96 0.4566 45

Party Boat 5.73 0.5430 33 6.02 0.3487 51

Rental Boat 16.8 5.8561 22 5.78 0.4368 17

Private Boat 45.1 11.685 56 12.3 3.3232 54

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 7.22 2.8146 9 4.15 0.3619 12

Rental Boat 7.76 1.1573 17 5.33 0.7529 6

Private Boat 35.6 5.7381 43 27.3 9.6615 24

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 3.33 0.5952 3 6.33 1.4880 6

Party Boat 5.00 0.8928 2 5.00 0.8928 4

Rental Boat 17.5 6.6962 2 2.00 0.0000 2

Private Boat 6.86 4.4982 20 10.3 2.7236 9

Fishing from Shore 6.30 1.0816 85 6.41 0.6086 159

Personal Watercraft

Rental Boat 2.33 0.2217 38 1.91 0.1886 40

Private Boat 8.81 1.4619 27 15.0 4.5641 19

Sailing

Charter/Party Boat 31.2 24.434 6 3.60 0.4368 12

Rental Boat 4.00 0.8253 11 2.56 0.3814 8

Private Boat 8.42 2.7639 12 10.1 3.6138 23

____________________________________________________________________________________
115

Table A.4.7. Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Upper & Middle Keys, Dec. ’95 - May ‘96

 (continued)

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys

 _____________________ _______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating

Charter/Party 3.18 0.4788 11 2.92 0.4304 10

Rental Boat 11.2 6.5949 6 3.29 0.4332 14

Private Boat 3.83 2.9526 16 3.05 1.2927 16

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 2.70 0.0781 129 3.71 0.1464 37

Guided Backcountry Excursion 4.15 0.6033 34 3.64 0.5553 11

Private/Rental Boat 9.79 1.7960 106 4.46 1.8463 93

Wildlife & Nature Study-Land Based

Wildlife Observation/photography 6.99 2.1244 196 2.51 0.1287 300

Other Nature Study 21.6 7.1493 93 3.24 0.1918 137

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 4.94 0.4136 220 5.54 0.2962 363

Other Beach Activities 5.50 0.4300 160 6.46 0.4344 408

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 5.15 0.9312 13 4.20 0.9297 10

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 10.6 1.5625 174 6.33 0.6930 213

Museum & Historic Sites

Museums 1.78 0.1512 132 2.21 0.0693 174

Historic Areas 2.60 0.3972 29 2.38 0.1082 218

____________________________________________________________________________________
116116116116p

116

Table A.4.8. Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys & Key West,

 Dec. ’95 - May ‘96

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Lower Keys Key West

 _____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 3.47 0.1023 58 4.04 0.2979 109

Rental Boat 3.37 0.5044 8 5.11 0.6590 7

Private Boat 4.72 0.8785 31 6.00 0.8928 6

Shore 4.93 0.5374 85 3.02 0.2416 71

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 3.70 0.5163 20 4.28 0.5519 36

Rental Boat 4.00 - 0 3.00 1.5462 2

Private Boat 4.56 0.9854 8 4.00 - 0

Shore 1.50 0.4464 2 2.80 0.5206 5

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 8.00 3.2053 10 9.60 2.3681 33

Party Boat 13.6 6.6171 4 9.72 1.5292 74

Rental Boat 7.60 1.6940 13 5.25 0.4274 4

Private Boat 17.0 3.7011 42 16.8 5.8710 8

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 11.1 4.4367 6 5.33 0.8492 7

Rental Boat 8.00 - 1 4.33 0.2305 5

Private Boat 19.2 4.9572 26 17.9 7.7023 6

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 4.00 - 0 6.00 1.4577 3

Party Boat 4.00 - 0 5.00 - 1

Rental Boat 2.00 - 1 8.00 - 1

Private Boat 8.40 3.4991 5 15.7 6.5271 3

Fishing from Shore 6.46 0.5652 107 6.50 1.6356 35

Personal Watercraft

Rental Boat 2.25 0.4697 8 3.17 0.6553 27

Private Boat 7.58 1.9169 18 7.40 4.1610 8

Sailing

Charter/Party Boat 3.00 0.0000 2 3.96 0.4018 37

Rental Boat 4.00 - 0 2.75 0.3794 10

Private Boat 3.60 1.0022 5 35.4 12.346 6

____________________________________________________________________________________
117

Table A.4.8. Average Number of Hours of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys & Key West,

 Dec. ’95 - May ’96 (continued)

___________________________________________________________________________________

 Lower Keys Key West

 _____________________ ______________________

Activity Mean Std. Error N Mean Std. Error N

___________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating

Charter/Party 2.80 0.1786 5 3.48 0.1822 27

Rental Boat 3.33 1.1904 3 2.15 1.0788 5

Private Boat 5.00 1.2626 3 6.37 13.032 4

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 3.17 0.5365 6 2.86 0.0600 137

Guided Backcountry Excursion 3.97 0.8224 5 4.63 1.6199 8

Private/Rental Boat 4.69 0.7218 36 4.12 2.2923 26

Wildlife & Nature Study-Land Based

Wildlife Observation/photography 3.97 0.4441 182 3.81 0.2706 112

Other Nature Study 3.79 0.5264 68 3.80 0.6207 53

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 5.70 0.7940 155 6.20 0.3868 301

Other Beach Activities 5.74 0.5767 175 6.93 0.3671 259

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 10.0 5.3569 2 2.41 0.4542 8

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 7.65 1.0577 73 5.72 0.2916 229

Museum & Historic Sites

Museums 2.07 0.2693 27 2.66 0.0886 422

Historic Areas 3.71 0.4910 70 5.02 0.1181 763

____________________________________________________________________________________
118118118118p

118

Table A.4.9. Total Number of Days of Activity by Region and Season (Thousands of Days)

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Region/Season

 _________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West

 ______________ _______________ ______________ ______________

 June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 -

Activity Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96

______________________________________________________________________________________________

All Snorkeling 414.5 168.6 546.1 74.1 140.2 48.3 160.2 150.5

Charter/Party Boat 126.9 55.3 20.4 12.4 9.6 11.2 60.7 58.3

Rental Boat 25.9 11.7 32.6 4.4 15.7 5.4 16.6 6.6

Private Boat 154.0 30.3 350.9 18.4 88.1 14.3 3.4 21.3

Snorkeling from Boat 306.8 97.3 403.9 35.2 113.4 30.9 80.7 86.2

Shore 107.7 71.3 142.2 38.9 26.8 17.4 79.5 64.3

All Scuba Diving 158.0 75.5 140.2 21.8 70.6 7.4 40.0 21.3

Charter/Party Boat 71.4 41.6 28.0 12.6 6.9 4.5 23.9 12.5

Rental Boat 3.0 0.8 3.7 1.5 4.2 0.0 2.4 0.0

Private Boat 78.4 30.1 95.3 4.7 56.7 2.9 7.9 0.5

Scuba from Boat 152.8 72.5 127.0 18.8 67.8 7.4 34.2 13.0

Shore 5.2 3.0 13.2 3.0 2.8 0.0 5.8 8.3

Offshore Fishing 123.1 234.5 397.3 123.1 42.6 56.4 36.6 73.8

Charter Boat 20.8 14.2 15.0 14.1 1.8 5.0 20.3 30.2

Party Boat 4.5 8.6 13.6 12.5 4.1 7.0 4.6 12.1

Rental Boat 6.7 17.4 22.0 8.4 2.0 4.2 2.7 4.2

Private Boat 91.1 194.3 346.7 88.1 34.7 40.2 9.0 27.3

Flats/Backcountry Fishing 43.9 19.7 84.4 62.9 27.7 27.2 9.8 28.8

Guided 0.7 2.6 8.3 9.9 3.5 10.7 3.1 4.6

Rental Boat 0.3 5.9 0.0 4.8 0.0 1.4 2.2 6.8

Private Boat 42.9 11.2 76.1 48.2 24.2 15.1 4.5 17.4

Other Fishing 68.5 23.4 43.8 27.3 9.5 5.9 6.4 13.3

Charter Boat 0.4 0.0 2.2 1.9 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.0

Party Boat 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.8

Rental Boat 1.5 4.4 4.9 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

Private Boat 65.5 18.8 35.6 23.5 8.0 5.3 4.9 11.5

Fishing from Shore 36.2 68.8 87.8 51.6 19.9 21.9 17.6 56.1

All Fishing 271.7 346.4 613.3 264.9 99.7 111.4 70.4 172.0

Personal Watercraft 108.5 38.4 81.3 57.1 12.8 9.3 35.4 35.6

Rental Boat 43.6 14.0 19.5 15.4 1.5 1.1 32.6 25.4

Private Boat 64.9 24.4 61.8 41.7 11.3 8.2 2.8 10.2

Sailing 29.7 23.4 25.6 48.4 3.0 2.2 22.3 63.1

Charter/Party Boat 3.2 14.9 2.8 4.3 0.0 1.3 15.1 32.1

Rental Boat 22.8 0.6 10.4 2.0 3.0 0.3 2.5 2.3

Private Boat 3.7 7.9 12.4 42.1 0.0 0.6 4.7 28.7

Other Boating 101.8 28.7 61.3 15.3 3.4 4.2 24.1 21.9

Charter/Party Boat 11.0 9.2 3.9 5.3 0.0 1.5 14.3 15.7

Rental Boat 12.7 6.5 26.2 4.3 0.0 0.0 3.5 2.6

Private Boat 78.1 13.0 31.2 5.7 3.4 2.7 6.3 3.6

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
119

Table A.4.9. Total Number of Days of Activity by Region and Season (Thousands of Days) - (continued)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Region/Season

 __________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West

 _______________ ________________ _______________ ______________

 June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 -

Activity Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Viewing Nature & Wildlife 152.4 218.1 189.9 57.8 54.4 34.4 64.3 84.1

Glass-bottom Boat 53.8 72.0 6.5 7.8 2.2 5.8 40.3 48.2

Guided Backcountry Excursion 16.9 16.8 8.6 4.9 0.0 2.3 5.3 4.6

Private/Rental Boat 81.7 129.3 174.8 45.1 52.2 26.3 18.7 31.3

Wildlife & Nature Study - Land 124.5 780.2 253.3 126.0 77.8 113.6 115.2 199.2

Wildlife Observation/photography 40.6 373.3 77.2 69.9 39.7 70.0 57.6 112.0

Other Nature Study 83.9 406.9 176.1 56.1 38.1 43.6 57.6 87.2

All Viewing Wildlife & Nature 276.9 998.3 443.2 183.8 132.2 148.0 179.5 283.3

All Beach Activities 338.9 393.4 514.5 352.1 48.8 133.6 419.7 487.6

Swimming at beaches 253.4 231.1 323.9 188.3 35.5 60.0 288.5 264.8

Other Beach Activities 85.5 162.3 190.6 163.8 13.3 73.6 131.2 222.8

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 0.0 7.5 4.3 3.7 0.0 1.5 3.7 3.7

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 220.3 537.7 596.9 169.0 28.3 134.3 435.8 366.9

Museums & Historic Sites 67.5 125.2 80.7 72.3 48.6 42.6 539.9 718.5

Museums 28.1 44.2 30.9 31.4 19.8 9.6 120.7 215.9

Historic Areas 39.4 81.0 49.8 40.9 28.8 33.0 419.2 502.6

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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120

Table A.4.10. Total Annual Number of Days of Activity by Region (Thousands of Days)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

 Region

 ______________________________________________________

Activity Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West All Keys

_____________________________________________________________________________________

All Snorkeling 583.1 620.2 188.5 310.7 1,702.5

Charter/Party Boat 182.2 32.8 20.8 119.0 354.8

Rental Boat 37.6 37.0 21.1 23.2 118.9

Private Boat 184.3 369.3 102.4 24.7 680.7

Snorkeling from Boat 404.1 439.1 144.3 166.9 1,154.4

Shore 179.0 181.1 44.2 143.8 548.1

All Scuba Diving 233.5 162.0 78.0 61.0 534.5

Charter/Party Boat 113.0 40.6 11.4 36.4 201.4

Rental Boat 3.8 5.2 4.2 2.4 15.6

Private Boat 108.5 100.0 59.6 8.4 276.5

Scuba from Boat 225.3 145.8 75.2 47.2 493.5

Shore 8.2 16.2 2.8 13.8 41.0

Offshore Fishing 357.6 520.4 99.0 110.4 1,087.4

Charter Boat 35.0 29.1 6.8 50.5 121.4

Party Boat 13.1 26.1 11.1 16.7 67.0

Rental Boat 24.1 36.4 6.2 6.9 67.6

Private Boat 285.4 434.8 74.9 36.3 831.4

Flats/Backcountry Fishing 63.6 147.3 54.9 38.6 304.4

Guided 3.3 18.2 14.2 7.7 43.4

Rental Boat 6.2 4.8 1.4 9.0 21.4

Private Boat 54.1 124.3 39.3 21.9 239.6

Other Fishing 91.9 71.1 15.4 19.7 198.1

Charter Boat 0.4 4.1 0.5 0.7 5.7

Party Boat 1.3 2.4 0.0 2.2 5.9

Rental Boat 5.9 5.5 1.6 0.4 13.4

Private Boat 84.3 59.1 13.3 16.4 173.1

Fishing from Shore 105.0 139.4 41.8 73.7 359.9

All Fishing 618.1 878.2 211.1 242.4 1,949.8

Personal Watercraft 146.9 188.4 22.1 71.0 378.4

Rental Boat 57.6 34.9 2.6 58.0 153.1

Private Boat 89.3 103.5 19.5 13.0 225.3

Sailing 53.1 74.0 5.2 85.4 217.7

Charter/Party 18.1 7.1 1.3 47.2 73.7

Rental Boat 23.4 12.4 3.3 4.8 43.9

Private Boat 11.6 54.5 0.6 33.4 100.1

_____________________________________________________________________________________
121

Table A.4.10. Total Annual Number of Days of Activity by Region (Thousands of Days) - (continued)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

 Region

 ______________________________________________________

Activity Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West All Keys

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating 130.5 76.6 7.6 46.0 260.7

Charter/Party Boat 20.2 9.2 1.5 30.0 60.9

Rental Boat 19.2 30.5 0.0 6.1 55.8

Private Boat 91.1 36.9 6.1 9.9 107.1

Viewing Nature & Wildlife 370.5 247.7 88.8 148.4 855.4

Glass-bottom Boat 125.8 14.3 8.0 88.5 236.6

Guided Backcountry Excursion 33.7 13.5 2.3 9.9 59.4

Private/Rental Boat 211.0 219.9 78.5 50.0 559.4

Wildlife & Nature Study - Land 904.7 379.3 191.4 314.4 1,789.8

Wildlife Observation/Photography 413.9 147.1 109.7 169.6 840.3

Other Nature Study 490.8 232.2 81.7 144.8 949.5

All Viewing Wildlife & Nature 1,275.2 627.0 280.2 462.8 2,645.2

All Beach Activities 732.3 866.6 182.4 907.3 2,688.6

Swimming at beaches 484.5 512.2 95.5 553.3 1,645.5

Other Beach Activities 247.8 354.4 86.9 354.0 1,043.1

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 7.5 8.0 1.5 7.4 24.4

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 758.0 765.9 162.9 802.7 2,489.2

Museums & Historic Sites 192.7 153.0 91.2 1,258.4 1,695.3

Museums 72.3 62.3 29.4 336.6 500.6

Historic Areas 120.4 90.7 61.8 921.8 1,194.7

_____________________________________________________________________________________
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122

Table A.4.11. Number of Hours of Activity by Region and Season (Thousands of Hours)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

 Region/Season

 ___________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West

 _________________ ________________ ________________ _________________

 June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 -

Activity Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

All Snorkeling 1,065.8 451.8 1,735.9 155.6 701.4 131.6 623.7 418.1

Charter/Party Boat 404.7 226.2 62.5 43.1 35.4 38.8 269.0 210.2

Rental Boat 119.8 22.9 98.4 15.9 66.8 13.7 64.7 25.3

Private Boat 337.0 69.7 1,218.9 32.4 533.4 24.9 120.3 59.8

Snorkeling from Boat 861.5 318.8 1,379.8 91.4 635.6 77.4 454.0 295.3

Shore 204.3 133.0 356.1 64.2 65.8 54.2 169.7 122.8

All Scuba Diving 464.0 210.6 340.6 64.8 73.9 21.0 118.2 50.2

Charter/Party Boat 261.4 140.3 101.9 40.0 22.6 10.3 69.3 35.3

Rental Boat 11.9 2.9 11.6 4.6 22.5 0.0 5.9 0.0

Private Boat 176.9 57.9 207.7 15.8 23.0 10.7 31.8 2.0

Scuba Diving from Boat 450.2 201.1 321.2 60.4 68.1 21.0 107.0 37.3

Shore 13.8 9.5 19.4 4.4 5.8 0.0 11.2 12.9

Offshore Fishing 386.3 1,061.5 2,157.5 553.9 228.7 209.2 177.5 409.4

Charter Boat 71.3 54.2 89.7 74.6 15.0 17.8 99.5 155.2

Party Boat 11.8 43.0 77.3 52.4 19.4 28.5 22.2 64.9

Rental Boat 9.0 24.7 81.5 36.7 11.5 21.7 10.0 17.5

Private Boat 294.2 939.6 1,909.0 390.2 182.8 141.2 45.8 171.8

Flats/Backcountry Fishing 110.2 77.4 129.9 87.3 56.7 65.2 58.8 54.7

Guided 4.2 12.8 32.6 35.6 17.0 43.8 15.6 24.5

Rental Boat 4.5 15.8 0.0 16.9 0.0 11.2 7.3 8.8

Private Boat 101.5 48.8 97.3 34.8 39.7 10.2 35.9 21.4

Other Fishing 172.0 73.7 172.7 97.4 56.5 29.9 18.2 24.3

Charter Boat 1.3 0.0 7.5 8.8 0.0 2.0 4.2 0.0

Party Boat 4.5 4.2 4.3 6.7 0.0 0.0 2.1 9.0

Rental Boat 1.5 5.0 29.2 1.1 12.6 0.1 1.5 0.0

Private Boat 164.7 64.5 131.7 80.8 43.9 27.8 10.4 15.3

Fishing from Shore 118.2 156.9 282.6 189.0 91.8 89.5 51.4 141.3

All Fishing 786.7 1,369.5 2,742.7 927.6 433.7 393.8 305.9 629.7

Personal Watercraft 227.5 91.1 227.8 175.8 51.4 35.4 80.6 94.8

Rental Boat 77.1 19.4 47.5 26.2 3.3 2.6 69.4 58.9

Private Boat 150.4 71.7 180.3 149.6 48.1 32.8 11.2 35.9

Sailing 30.2 46.2 46.2 35.4 12.0 6.6 99.6 180.3

Charter/Party Boat 15.2 2.0 21.5 13.7 0.0 3.8 84.1 114.6

Rental Boat 7.5 14.2 8.2 5.2 12.0 1.0 4.3 6.3

Private Boat 7.5 30.0 16.5 16.5 0.0 1.8 11.2 59.4

Other Boating 134.0 197.6 86.5 41.2 9.0 11.9 67.8 208.8

Charter/Party Boat 36.4 25.0 13.0 15.6 0.0 4.3 46.0 37.4

Rental Boat 14.8 18.3 9.0 14.2 0.0 0.0 7.6 8.7

Private Boat 82.8 154.3 64.5 11.4 9.0 7.6 14.2 162.7

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
123

Table A.4.11. Number of Hours of Activity by Region and Season (Thousands of Hours) - (continued)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

 Region/Season

 _________________________________________________________________________

 Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West

 _________________ ________________ ________________ _______________

 June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 - June - Dec. ’95 -

Activity Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96 Nov. ’95 May ’96

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Viewing Nature & Wildlife 416.4 481.9 503.1 154.5 196.5 84.2 195.0 320.1

Glass-bottom Boat 151.8 192.6 13.8 28.8 7.3 18.5 114.2 154.2

Guided Backcountry Excursion 42.7 169.8 28.2 18.0 0.0 9.3 20.8 25.8

Private/Rental Boat 221.9 119.5 461.1 107.7 189.2 56.4 60.0 140.1

Wildlife & Nature Study - Land 228.3 1,527.7 914.9 247.9 244.3 218.0 249.7 389.5

Wildlife Observation/Photography 80.5 518.8 256.9 129.9 105.7 130.5 107.6 210.5

Other Nature Study 147.8 1,008.9 658.0 118.0 138.6 87.5 142.1 179.0

All Viewing Wildlife & Nature 644.7 2,009.6 1,418.0 402.4 440.8 302.2 444.7 709.6

All Beach Activities 926.9 773.4 1,346.2 875.9 168.4 377.4 1,073.5 1,554.5

Swimming at Beaches 621.6 410.6 793.2 444.0 114.0 181.9 718.4 846.7

Other Beach Activities 305.3 362.8 553.0 431.9 54.4 195.5 355.1 707.8

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 0.0 14.4 8.0 6.7 0.0 3.0 9.0 7.6

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 470.8 813.9 984.8 389.0 83.0 198.3 828.2 687.1

Museums & Historic Areas 156.4 204.0 185.0 154.7 136.0 109.2 1,441.9 2,254.5

Museums 47.2 64.5 51.5 66.2 35.2 19.1 252.9 622.0

Historic Areas 109.2 139.5 133.5 88.5 100.6 90.1 1,189.0 1,632.5

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Table A.4.12. Total Annual Number of Hours of Activity by Region (Thousands of Hours)

__________________________________________________________________________________

 Region

 ____________________________________________________

Activity Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West All Keys

__________________________________________________________________________________

All Snorkeling 1,517.6 1,891.5 833.0 1,041.8 5,283.9

Charter/Party Boat 630.9 105.6 74.2 479.2 1,289.9

Rental Boat 142.7 114.3 80.5 90.0 427.5

Private Boat 406.7 1,251.3 558.3 180.1 2,396.4

Snorkeling from Boat 1,180.3 1,471.2 713.0 749.3 4,113.8

Shore 337.3 420.3 120.0 292.5 1,170.1

All Scuba Diving 674.6 405.4 94.9 168.4 1,343.3

Charter/Party Boat 401.7 141.9 32.9 104.6 681.1

Rental Boat 14.8 16.2 22.5 5.9 59.4

Private Boat 234.8 223.5 33.7 33.8 525.8

Scuba Diving from Boat 651.3 381.6 89.1 144.3 1,266.3

Shore 23.3 23.8 5.8 24.1 77.0

Offshore Fishing 1,447.8 2,711.4 437.9 586.9 5,184.0

Charter Boat 125.5 164.3 32.8 254.7 577.3

Party Boat 54.8 129.7 47.9 87.1 712.3

Rental Boat 33.7 118.2 33.2 27.5 212.6

Private Boat 1,233.8 2,299.2 324.0 217.6 4,074.6

Flats/Backcountry Fishing 187.6 217.2 121.9 113.5 640.2

Guided 17.0 68.2 60.8 40.1 186.1

Rental Boat 20.3 16.9 11.2 16.1 64.5

Private Boat 150.3 132.1 49.9 57.3 389.6

Other Fishing 245.7 270.1 86.4 42.5 644.7

Charter Boat 1.3 16.3 2.0 4.2 23.8

Party Boat 8.7 11.0 0.0 11.1 30.8

Rental Boat 6.5 30.3 12.7 1.5 51.0

Private Boat 229.2 212.5 71.7 25.7 539.1

Fishing from Shore 275.1 471.6 181.3 192.7 1,120.7

All Fishing 2,152.2 3,670.3 827.5 935.6 7,589.6

Personal Watercraft 318.6 403.6 86.8 175.4 984.4

Rental Boat 96.5 73.7 5.9 128.3 304.4

Private Boat 222.1 329.9 80.9 47.1 680.0

Sailing 76.4 81.6 18.6 279.9 456.5

Charter/Party Boat 17.2 35.2 3.8 198.7 254.9

Rental Boat 21.7 13.4 13.0 10.6 58.7

Private Boat 37.5 33.0 1.8 70.6 142.9

__________________________________________________________________________________
125

Table A.4.12. Total Annual Number of Hours of Activity by Region (Thousands of Hours)

 (continued)

__________________________________________________________________________________

 Region

 _____________________________________________________

Activity Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West All Keys

__________________________________________________________________________________

Other Boating 331.6 127.7 20.9 276.6 756.8

Charter Boat 61.4 28.6 4.3 83.4 177.7

Rental Boat 33.1 23.2 0.0 16.3 72.6

Private Boat 237.1 75.9 16.6 176.9 506.5

Viewing Nature & Wildlife 898.3 657.6 280.7 515.1 2,351.7

Glass-bottom Boat 344.4 42.6 25.8 268.4 681.2

Guided Backcountry Excursion 212.5 46.2 9.3 46.6 314.6

Private/Rental Boat 341.4 568.8 245.6 200.1 1,355.9

Wildlife & Nature Study - Land 1,756.0 1,162.8 462.3 639.2 4,020.3

Wildlife Observation/Photography 599.3 386.8 236.2 318.1 1,540.4

Other Nature Study 1,156.7 776.0 226.1 321.1 2,479.9

All Viewing Wildlife & Nature 2,654.3 1,820.4 743.0 1,154.3 6,372.0

All Beach Activities 1,700.3 2,222.1 545.8 2,628.0 7,096.2

Swimming at Beaches 1,032.2 1,237.2 295.9 1,565.1 4,130.4

Other Beach Activities 668.1 984.9 249.9 1,062.9 2,965.8

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 14.4 14.7 3.0 16.6 48.7

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 1,284.7 1,373.8 281.3 1,515.3 4,455.1

Museums & Historic Sites 360.4 339.7 245.2 3,696.4 4,641.7

Museums 111.7 117.7 54.5 874.9 1,158.8

Historic Areas 248.7 222.0 190.7 2,821.5 3,482.9

__________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 5. Methods of Estimating the Economic Contribution to Monroe County

This Chapter provides the details on how we estimated the economic contribution that recreating visitors had on Monroe

County. The results of this estimation are reported in “Economic Contribution of Recreating Visitors to the Florida Keys/

Key West” (English et al 1996). In this report, estimates of the economic contribution of recreating visitors was reported for

Monroe County and for the three South Florida counties (Dade, Broward, and Monroe). The IMPLAN input-output model

was used for estimating the economic contribution for the South Florida economy. A more simplified approach was used for

the Monroe County economy because the IMPLAN input-output model for Monroe County could not be properly calibrated

due to the many interconnections with the larger South Florida economy. Here, the more simplified approach for Monroe

County is documented.

The Use of Census Ratios. The simplified approach for Monroe County used several types of ratios on economic measurements for the Monroe County economy from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Census of Business 1992

and from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System 1994.

Table A.5.1 shows the wages-to-sales and wages-to-employment ratios by standard industrial classification (SIC). Table

A.5.2 shows the derivation of the total income to wages & salaries ratio and the proprietor’s income to proprietors employment ratios. These ratios are fundamental to estimating the direct income and employment impacts from visitor expenditures.

Direct Wages & Salaries and Employment. To estimate the direct wages & salaries and wages & salaries related employment impacts in Monroe County, first required estimating the total expenditures by spending category and then matching

each spending category to the appropriate SIC from Table A.5.1. Total expenditures are equal to total visitation (measured in

person-trips or visits) times the average expenditure per person per trip. This was done for each category of spending for

each season. There were 1,172,004 person-trips of visitation during the June - November 1995 season and 1,368,484 persontrips of visitation during the December 1995 - May 1996 season (see Chapter 1). Direct wages & salaries are first derived by

multiplying total expenditures by category by the appropriate wages-to-sales ratio. Direct wages & salaries employment is

then equal to the direct wages & salaries divided by the wages-to-employment ratios. Table A.5.3 shows these calculations

for the June - November 1995 season and Table A.5.4 shows the same calculations for the December 1995 - May 1996

season.

Total Output, Income and Employment. To estimate total output required two steps. In step one, the total expenditures

from Tables A.5.3 and A.5.4 are multiplied by the percent of inputs purchased locally (.70). This percent was taken from the

Monroe County IMPLAN input-output model tables and revised downwards from .77 to .70 using information about the

percent of wages & salaries to nonresidents (commuter workers) to Monroe County. Total output was then equal to direct

output times an output multiplier of 1.6. Table A.5.5 shows these calculations.

Total estimate total income also required two steps. In step one, the direct wages & salaries derived and reported in

Tables A.5.3 and A.5.4 are multiplied by the total income-to-wages & salaries ratio (1.2222) from Table A.5.2. This yields

an estimate of total direct income, that is, income to wages & salary workers and income to proprietors. In step two, total

direct income was multiplied by an income multiplier of 1.6 to get the total income impact on Monroe County. These

calculations are shown in Table A.5.5.

Finally, to estimate the total employment impact required several steps. First, direct wages & salaries employment from

Tables A.5.3 and A.5.4 were multiplied by the employment multiplier of 1.6 to get the total wages & salaries employment.

Second, direct proprietors income was divided by the proprietors income-to-employment ratio from Table 1.5.2 (18,690) to

yield an estimate of direct proprietors employment. Direct proprietors employment was then multiplied by the employment

multiplier of 1.6 to get an estimate of the total proprietors employment. Total wages & salaries employment was then added

to the total proprietors employment to get an estimate of the total employment impact. These calculations are all shown in

Table A.5.6.

Percent of Monroe County Economy. The economic contribution of recreating visitors to Monroe County can be put into

perspective by estimating the proportion of the economy dependent on recreating visitors. We obtained actual reported gross

sales for Monroe County for the June - November 1995 season and for the December 1995 - May 1996 season from the

Florida Department of Revenue. The percent of output/sales accounted for by recreating visitors is estimated by dividing the

total output by the total reported gross sales in Monroe County. These calculations are presented in Table A.5.5.
127

For income, the latest available information for Monroe County was from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of

Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System 1994. We took the ratio of reported income for 1994 to

reported sales for 1994 for Monroe County and multiplied it by the reported sales for the June - November 1995 season and

for the December 1995 - May 1996 season, and for the year June 1995 - May 1996 to get estimates of total Monroe County

reported income. Our estimates of total income from visitor spending was then divided by these reported incomes to get

estimates of the percent of Monroe County’s income dependent on recreating visitors. These calculations are shown in Table

A.5.5.

For employment, we obtained an estimate of total Monroe County employment from the U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System 1994 and projected it to the time period of our study

June - May 1996. We estimated this to be approximately 47,000. We also used the relationship between summer and winter

employment to estimate total employment during the June - November 1995 season. The percent of Monroe County employment dependent on recreating visitors was then calculated as the total employment from visitor spending divided by the total

Monroe County employment. These calculations are presented in Table A.5.6.
128128128128p

128

Table A.5.1. Wages-to-Sales and Wages-to-Employment Ratios for Monroe County

__________________________________________________________________________

SIC Industry Wages-to-Sales Wages-to-Employment

__________________________________________________________________________

70 Hotels and Motels .2418 14,874

72 Personal Services .2673 10,083

73 Business Services .3077 14,416

80 Health Services .3689 24,081

89 Other Services .3556 48,643

75 Automotive Repair, Services

 and Parking .2213 18,036

751 Automotive Rental and Leasing .1542 19,577

753 Automotive Repair .2191 19,188

54 Food Stores .1024 12,492

554 Gasoline Service Stations .0644 13,951

58 Eating and Drinking Places .2415 8,902

56 Apparel and Accessory Stores .1413 12,621

53 General Merchandise Stores .1116 10,636

591 Drug and Proprietary Stores .1023 16,197

59 Miscellaneous Retail Stores .1666 13,528

78,79,84 Amusement and Recreation Services

 including Motion Pictures and

 Museums .2806 14,398

79 ex. 792,

 793, 84 Commercial Sports and Other

 Recreation Services, including

 Museums .2927 15,273

__________________________________________________________________________

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Census of Business 1992
129

 Table A.5.2. Derivation of Total Income to Wages & Salaries Ratio for Monroe County

________________________________________________________________________

Employment by Place of Work 46,784

Wage and Salary Employment 36,621

Proprietors Employment 10,163

Wages & Salaries and other Labor Income 854,877 (000’s)

Proprietor’s Income 189,947 (000’s)

Total Income by Place of Work 1,044,824 (000’s)

Total Income-to-Wages & Salaries Ratio 1.2222

Proprietor’s Income-to-Proprietor’s Employment 18,690

________________________________________________________________________

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic

 Information System 1994
130130130130p

130

Table A.5.3. Derivation of Direct Wages and Salaries Income and Employment for Monroe County, June - November 1995

Expenditures Wages Wages to

Per Person Estimated to Sales Total Employment Estimated 

Category Per Trip Expenditures Ratio Wages Ratio Employment

Lodging 150.38 176,245,961.52 0.242 42,616,273.50 14874 2,865.15

 

Publicly Owned 

Hotel/motel/bed & breakfast/cabin, etc. 19.66 23,041,598.64 0.2418 5,571,458.55 14874 374.58

Camping site (RV/tent/camper) 2.10 2,461,208.40 0.2418 595,120.19 14874 40.01

Privately Owned 

Hotel/motel/bed & breakfast/cabin, etc. 91.10 106,769,564.40 0.2418 25,816,880.67 14874 1,735.71

Rental home, cottage, cabin, condo 30.17 35,359,360.68 0.2418 8,549,893.41 14874 574.82

Camping site (RV/tent/camper) 7.35 8,614,229.40 0.2418 2,082,920.67 14874 140.04

 

Food and Beverages 112.01 131,276,168.04 24,334,961.07 2,886.94

Food & drinks consumed at restuarants & bars 81.61 95,647,246.44 0.2415 23,098,810.02 8902 2,594.79

Beverages purchased at a store for carry-out 10.30 12,071,641.20 0.1024 1,236,136.06 12492 98.95

Food purchased at a store for carry-out 20.11 23,569,000.44 0.1024 2,413,465.65 12492 193.20

 

Transportation 39.53 46,329,318.12 7,313,081.11 436.58

Rental automobile, motor home, trailer, motorcycle or other recreation vehicle 8.66 10,149,554.64 0.1542 1,565,061.33 19577 79.94

Gas & Oil - auto or RV 12.64 14,814,130.56 0.0644 954,030.01 13951 68.38

Repair & Service - auto or RV 0.91 1,066,523.64 0.2191 233,675.33 19188 12.18

Parking fees & tolls 1.82 2,133,047.28 0.2213 472,043.36 18036 26.17

Taxi fare 0.39 457,081.56 0.2213 101,152.15 18036 5.61

Bus Fare 

a) Package tour 0.57 668,042.28 0.2418 161,532.62 14874 10.86

b) Any other bus fare 0.28 328,161.12 0.2213 72,622.06 18036 4.03

Airline fares 

a) Package tours 5.18 6,070,980.72 0.2418 1,467,963.14 14874 98.69

b) Any other airline fare 9.09 10,653,516.36 0.2213 2,357,623.17 18036 130.72

0.00 

Boating 28.32 33,191,153.28 6,776,609.17 438.60

 

Boat, jet ski, and wave runner rental 10.37 12,153,681.48 0.2927 3,557,382.57 15273 232.92

Boat fuel and oil 10.06 11,790,360.24 0.0644 759,299.20 13951 54.43

Boat repairs 2.86 3,351,931.44 0.2191 734,408.18 19188 38.27

Boat launch fees 0.48 562,561.92 0.2927 164,661.87 15273 10.78

Boat slip or marina fees (this trip only) 0.33 386,761.32 0.2927 113,205.04 15273 7.41

Sailing charters or sunset cruises 4.22 4,945,856.88 0.2927 1,447,652.31 15273 94.79

 

Fishing 10.14 11,884,120.56 0.293 3,478,482.09 15273 227.75

Cut bait 1.59 1,863,486.36 0.2927 545,442.46 15273 35.71

Live bait 0.47 550,841.88 0.2927 161,231.42 15273 10.56

Daily or special fishing permits 0.71 832,122.84 0.2927 243,562.36 15273 15.95

Fishing lines, fly lines, fish nets, traps 1.41 1,652,525.64 0.2927 483,694.25 15273 31.67

Charter/party boat/guide service 5.97 6,996,863.88 0.2927 2,047,982.06 15273 134.09
131

Table A.5.3. Derivation of Direct Wages and Salaries Income and Employment for Monroe County, June - November 1995 (Continued)

Expenditures Wages Wages to

Per Person Estimated to Sales Total Employment Estimated 

Category Per Trip Expenditures Ratio Wages Ratio Employment

Scuba Diving/Snorkeling 18.51 21,693,794.04 0.293 6,349,773.52 15273 415.75

 

Rental fee for equipment 7.47 8,754,869.88 0.2927 2,562,550.41 15273 167.78

Charter/party boat/guide service 11.05 12,950,644.20 0.2927 3,790,653.56 15273 248.19

 

Sightseeing 9.84 11,532,519.36 0.293 3,375,568.42 15273 221.02

Sightseeing tours 3.36 3,937,933.44 0.2927 1,152,633.12 15273 75.47

Glass-bottom boat rides 1.70 1,992,406.80 0.2927 583,177.47 15273 38.18

Backcountry excursions, kayak tours 0.34 398,481.36 0.2927 116,635.49 15273 7.64

Park entrance fees 1.04 1,218,884.16 0.2927 356,767.39 15273 23.36

Admission to tourist, amusement, festivals 

and other commercial attractions 3.39 3,973,093.56 0.2927 1,162,924.49 15273 76.14

 

Other Activity Expenditures 5.36 6,281,941.44 0.293 1,838,724.26 15273 120.39

Rental fee for recreation equipment (bicycles, 

golf carts or others not listed above) 2.66 3,117,530.64 0.2927 912,501.22 15273 59.75

Guide service, tour, or outfitters (not listed 

above,like parasailing) 1.25 1,465,005.00 0.2927 428,806.96 15273 28.08

Admission to motion pictures, theaters, 

museums, etc. 1.46 1,711,125.84 0.2927 500,846.53 15273 32.79

 

Miscellaneous Expenditures 33.62 39,402,774.48 5,886,799.12 446.76

Film purchases 1.72 2,015,846.88 0.1023 206,221.14 16197 12.73

Film development 0.58 679,762.32 0.1023 69,539.69 16197 4.29

Footware 1.94 2,273,687.76 0.1413 321,272.08 12621 25.46

Clothing 15.07 17,662,100.28 0.1413 2,495,654.77 12621 197.74

Souvenirs and gifts (not clothing) 14.31 16,771,377.24 0.1666 2,794,111.45 13528 206.54

 

Services 5.29 6,199,901.16 2,112,260.62 108.62

Barber, laundry, and other personal services 0.65 761,802.60 0.2673 203,629.83 10083 20.20

Telephone,fax, and other business services 1.27 1,488,445.08 0.3077 457,994.55 14416 31.77

Physician, dentist, and other medical services 2.96 3,469,131.84 0.3689 1,279,762.74 24081 53.14

Other Services 0.41 480,521.64 0.3556 170,873.50 48643 3.51

 

Total - Trip 413.02 484,061,092.08 104,082,532.86 8,167.57

 

Annual Boat Storage/Marina 0.33 386,761.32 0.2927 113,205.04 15273 7.41

Annual Condo/Time Share 4.36 5,109,937.44 0.2418 1,235,582.87 14874 83.07

Annual RV/Trailer Park 4.82 5,649,059.28 0.2418 1,365,942.53 14874 91.83

Total Annual Expense Items 9.51 11,145,758.04 2,714,730.45 182.32

Total All 422.53 495,206,850.12 106,797,263.31 8,349.89
132132132132p

132

Table A.5.4. Derivation of Direct Wages and Salaries Income and Employment for Monroe County, December 1995 - May 1996

Expenditures Wages Wages to

Per Person Estimated to Sales Total Employment Estimated 

Category Per Trip Expenditures Ratio Wages Ratio Employment

Lodging 187.38 256,426,531.92 0.242 62,003,935.42 14874 4,168.61

 

Publicly Owned 

Hotel/motel/bed & breakfast/cabin, etc. 18.71 25,604,335.64 0.2418 6,191,128.36 14874 416.24

Camping site (RV/tent/camper) 3.80 5,200,239.20 0.2418 1,257,417.84 14874 84.54

Privately Owned 

Hotel/motel/bed & breakfast/cabin, etc. 110.57 151,313,275.88 0.2418 36,587,550.11 14874 2,459.83

Rental home, cottage, cabin, condo 34.10 46,665,304.40 0.2418 11,283,670.60 14874 758.62

Camping site (RV/tent/camper) 20.20 27,643,376.80 0.2418 6,684,168.51 14874 449.39

 

Food and Beverages 138.93 190,123,482.12 35,803,332.09 4,255.19

 

Food & drinks consumed at restuarants & bars 104.09 142,445,499.56 0.2415 34,400,588.14 8902 3,864.37

Beverages purchased at a store for carry-out 10.01 13,698,524.84 0.1024 1,402,728.94 12492 112.29

Food purchased at a store for carry-out 24.83 33,979,457.72 0.1024 3,479,496.47 12492 278.54

 

Transportation 52.42 71,735,931.28 11,650,327.15 678.16

Rental automobile, motor home, trailer, motorcycle or other recreation vehicle 16.09 22,018,907.56 0.1542 3,395,315.55 19577 173.43

Gas & Oil - auto or RV 13.00 17,790,292.00 0.0644 1,145,694.80 13951 82.12

Repair & Service - auto or RV 3.15 4,310,724.60 0.2191 944,479.76 19188 49.22

Parking fees & tolls 1.28 1,751,659.52 0.2213 387,642.25 18036 21.49

Taxi fare 1.09 1,491,647.56 0.2213 330,101.61 18036 18.30

Bus Fare 

a) Package tour 0.57 780,035.88 0.2418 188,612.68 14874 12.68

b) Any other bus fare 0.41 561,078.44 0.2213 124,166.66 18036 6.88

Airline fares 

a) Package tours 5.76 7,882,467.84 0.2418 1,905,980.72 14874 128.14

b) Any other airline fare 11.07 15,149,117.88 0.2213 3,352,499.79 18036 185.88

 

Boating 15.88 21,731,525.92 5,056,343.11 316.29

Boat, jet ski, and wave runner rental 3.66 5,008,651.44 0.2927 1,466,032.28 15273 95.99

Boat fuel and oil 2.86 3,913,864.24 0.0644 252,052.86 13951 18.07

Boat repairs 4.08 5,583,414.72 0.2191 1,223,326.17 19188 63.75

Boat launch fees 0.09 123,163.56 0.2927 36,049.97 15273 2.36

Boat slip or marina fees (this trip only) 1.26 1,724,289.84 0.2927 504,699.64 15273 33.05

Sailing charters or sunset cruises 3.93 5,378,142.12 0.2927 1,574,182.20 15273 103.07

 

Fishing 16.36 22,388,398.24 0.2927 6,553,084.16 15273 429.06

 

Cut bait 1.17 1,601,126.28 0.2927 468,649.66 15273 30.68

Live bait 0.78 1,067,417.52 0.2927 312,433.11 15273 20.46

Daily or special fishing permits 0.72 985,308.48 0.2927 288,399.79 15273 18.88

Fishing lines, fly lines, fish nets, traps 0.61 834,775.24 0.2927 244,338.71 15273 16.00

Charter/party boat/guide service 13.08 17,899,770.72 0.2927 5,239,262.89 15273 343.04
133

Table A.5.4. Derivation of Direct Wages and Salaries Income and Employment for Monroe County, December 1995 - May 1996 (Continued)

Expenditures Wages Wages to

Per Person Estimated to Sales Total Employment Estimated 

Category Per Trip Expenditures Ratio Wages Ratio Employment

 

Scuba Diving/Snorkeling 6.72 9,196,212.48 0.293 2,691,731.39 15273 176.24

Rental fee for equipment 1.47 2,011,671.48 0.2927 588,816.24 15273 38.55

Charter/party boat/guide service 5.24 7,170,856.16 0.2927 2,098,909.60 15273 137.43

 

Sightseeing 13.04 17,845,031.36 0.293 5,223,240.68 15273 341.99

Sightseeing tours 4.78 6,541,353.52 0.2927 1,914,654.18 15273 125.36

Glass-bottom boat rides 2.39 3,270,676.76 0.2927 957,327.09 15273 62.68

Backcountry excursions, kayak tours 0.46 629,502.64 0.2927 184,255.42 15273 12.06

Park entrance fees 1.38 1,888,507.92 0.2927 552,766.27 15273 36.19

Admission to tourist, amusement, festivals 

and other commercial attractions 4.03 5,514,990.52 0.2927 1,614,237.73 15273 105.69

 

Other Activity Expenditures 7.34 10,044,672.56 0.293 2,940,075.66 15273 192.50

Rental fee for recreation equipment (bicycles, 

golf carts or others not listed above) 3.20 4,379,148.80 0.2927 1,281,776.85 15273 83.92

Guide service, tour, or outfitters (not listed 

above,like parasailing) 2.18 2,983,295.12 0.2927 873,210.48 15273 57.17

Admission to motion pictures, theaters, 

museums, etc. 1.95 2,668,543.80 0.2927 781,082.77 15273 51.14

 

Miscellaneous Expenditures 38.99 53,357,191.16 7,980,994.58 608.60

Film purchases 1.34 1,833,768.56 0.1023 187,594.52 16197 11.58

Film development 0.60 821,090.40 0.1023 83,997.55 16197 5.19

Footware 2.42 3,311,731.28 0.1413 467,947.63 12621 37.08

Clothing 18.95 25,932,771.80 0.1413 3,664,300.66 12621 290.33

Souvenirs and gifts (not clothing) 15.69 21,471,513.96 0.1666 3,577,154.23 13528 264.43

 

Services 12.98 17,762,922.32 5,895,953.20 268.03

Barber, laundry, and other personal services 1.83 2,504,325.72 0.2673 669,406.26 10083 66.39

Telephone,fax, and other business services 3.63 4,967,596.92 0.3077 1,528,529.57 14416 106.03

Physician, dentist, and other medical services 1.85 2,531,695.40 0.3689 933,942.43 24081 38.78

Other Services 5.68 7,772,989.12 0.3556 2,764,074.93 48643 56.82

 

Total - Trip 490.05 670,625,584.20 145,799,017.45 11,434.68

Annual Boat Storage/Marina 1.76 2,408,531.84 0.2927 704,977.27 15273 46.16

Annual Condo/Time Share 13.78 18,857,709.52 0.2418 4,559,794.16 14874 306.56

Annual RV/Trailer Park 2.72 3,722,276.48 0.2418 900,046.45 14874 60.51

Total Annual Expense Items 18.26 24,988,517.84 6,164,817.88 413.23

Total All 508.31 695,614,102.04 151,963,835.33 11,847.91
134134134134p

134

Table A.5.5. Derivation of Total Output and Income Impacts for Monroe County

_____________________________________________________________________________________

June - Nov ‘95 Dec ‘95 - Annual

 May ‘96

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Person-Trips 1,172,004 1,368,484 2,540,488

 x

Expenditures Per Person Per Trip $422.53 $508.31

 =

Total Expenditures (Tables A.5.3 & A.5.4) $495,206,850 $695,614,102 $1,190,820,952

 x

Percent of Inputs Purchased Locally .70 .70 .70

 =

Direct Output $346,644,795 $486,929,871 $833,574,666

 x

Output Multiplier 1.6 1.6 1.6

 =

Total Output $554,631,672 $779,087,794 $1,333,719,466

Reported Gross Sales $984,995,584 $1,218,309,773 $2,203,305,357

Percent of Gross Sales 56.31 % 63.95% 60.53%

 Wages & Salaries Income (Direct) $106,797,263 $151,963,835 $258,761,098

(from Tables A.5.3 and A.5.4)

 x

 Total Income-to-Wages & Salaries 1.2222 1.2222 1.2222

 (from Table A.5.2)

 =

Direct Income $130,527,615 $185,730,200 $316,257,815

 x

Income Multiplier 1.60 1.60 1.60

 =

Total Income $208,844,184 $297,168,320 $506,012,504

Reported Income (.51 * Reported Sales) $502,347,748 $621,337,984 $1,123,685,732

Percent of Income 41.57% 47.83% 45.03%

_____________________________________________________________________________________
135

Table A.5.6. Derivation of Total Employment Impacts for Monroe County

____________________________________________________________________

Wage & Salaries Employment Jun - Nov ‘95 Dec ‘95 - May ‘96

____________________________________________________________________

Employent (Direct) 8,350 11,848

(from Tables A.5.3 and A.5.4)

Employment Multiplier 1.6 1.6

Employment (Total) 13,360 18,957

Proprietor’s Employment

Proprietors Income (Direct)

 ( Wages & Salaries * 1.2222)-

 Wages & Salaries 23,730,352 33,766,365

Proprietors Income-to-Employment

 Ratio (from Table A.5.2) 18,690 18,690

Proprietors Employment (Direct) 1,270 1,807

Employment Multiplier 1.6 1.6

Proprietors Employment (Total) 2,032 2,891

Total Employment (Wages & Salaries

 Plus Proprietors)

Direct 9,620 13,655

Total 15,392 21,848

Total Monroe County Employment

(Estimate form BEA, summer .863 of

 winter employment) 40,543 47,000

Tourist Impact as percent of Monroe

 County Employment 37.96% 46.49%

___________________________________________________________________
136136136136p

136

References

Bell, F. W. 1991. An Analysis of the Economic Base of Monroe County, Florida with Implications for Oil and Gas Exploration, 1969 - 1988. Working Paper. Department of Economics, Florida State University. Tallahassee, FL: FSU

English, D. B. K., W. Kriesel, V. R. Leeworthy, and P. C. Wiley. 1996. Economic Contribution of Recreating Visitors to the

Florida Keys/Key West. Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Kearney/Centaur. 1990. Impacts of Oil and Gas Development on the Recreation and Tourism off the Florida Straits.

Herndon, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior.

Leeworthy, Vernon R. and Wiley, Peter C. 1996. Visitor Profiles: Florida Keys/Key West. Silver Spring, MD: National

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Matthews, Bernard. 1996. Guest Editorial: Don't Eliminate --- Regulate! Solares Hill.
137

Exhibits
138138138138p

138

Did you do any recreation/tourist

activities on this visit to

the Florida Keys?

(show recreation/tourist

activity Blue Card)

Will you participate in a

short 5-10 minute

interview about your visit

to the Florida Keys?

Talley Sheet

Auto Survey

U.S. 1

1. Are you a permanent resident of Monroe County?

Yes Thank you. We are only interviewing nonresidents of Monroe County.

(Place tic mark in column 4)

No 2. Are you ending your trip to The Florida Keys Today?

Yes No Thank you. We are only interviewing people at

the end of their trip to the Florida Keys. (Place

tic mark in column 5)

No Thank you. We are only interviewing visitors

that did recreation/tourist activites. (Place tic

mark in column 6.)

Yes

No Thank you. (Place tic mark in column 7)

Yes Please pull up in the parking lot where our

interviewers are set-up. (Place tic mark in

column 8)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Site Date

Time

Period

Permanent

Resident

Non Exit

Visitor

Non

Recreating

Tourist

Visitor

Recreating

Visitor

Refusal or

Language

Barrier

Recreating

Visitor

Interviewed

Exhibit 1
139

Blue Card - Activities List

Recreation/Tourist Activities

Snorkeling

Scuba Diving

Fishing

Swimming

Boating (including personal watercraft, jet skis)

Nature Study or Viewing Wildlife

Windsurfing, Parasailing or Hang gliding

Beach Activities

Visiting Museums and Historic Areas

Sightseeing or Tourist Attractions

Attending Outdoor Festival and Events

Attending Concerts, Events and Performances

Camping, Picnicking, Hiking

Horseback riding, Bicycling

Participation in Outdoor Sports (Tennis, Golf, or other sports)

Sunset Cruises

Exhibit 2 blue
140140140140p

140

Site Date Lane w/

trailor Cars w/trailor

Pick-up

Vans/mtr. hm's

Auto Tally Sheet: Type of Vehicle by Lane

Bus

School

Comm.

or

Govt.

Trucks

Comm.

P/ups

Gov.

Vans

MotorCycle

Tour

Bus

Exhibit 3
141

July 1995

Exhibit 4 Auto Survey Calandar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1

Auto 

8:30 am to 12:30 

Thom Thumb 

Store

234

Auto 

2:00 to 6:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

5

Auto 

8:30 am to 12:30 

Thom Thumb 

Store

6 7

Auto 

2:00 to 6:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School 

Cancelled 

Officers Pulled

8

9

Auto 

8:30 am to 12:30 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

Cancelled 

Officers Pulled

1 0

Auto 

2:00 to 6:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School 

Cancelled 

Officers Pulled

11 12 13

Auto 

8:30 am to 12:30 

Thom Thumb 

Store

14 15

Auto 

2:00 to 6:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

16 17 18

Auto 

8:30 am to 12:30 

Thom Thumb 

Store

1 9

Auto 

2:00 to 6:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

20 21

Auto 

8:30 am to 12:30 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 2

2 3

Auto 

2:00 to 6:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

2 4

Auto 

8:30 am to 12:30 

Thom Thumb 

Store

25 26 27

Auto 

2:00 to 6:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

28 29

Auto 

2:00 to 6:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

30 31

Thom Thumb 7 days

Key Largo Elementary 

School 8 days

15 days Auto Survey

8 mornings 

7 afternoons
142142142142p

142

August 1995

Exhibit 4 Auto Survey Calandar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1

Auto 

8:30 am - 12:30 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School 

Cancelled Storm 

Evacuation

2

Auto 

1:00 - 5:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School 

Cancelled Storm 

Evacuation

3 4

Auto 

8:30 am - 12:30 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School 

Cancelled Storm 

Evacuation

5

6

Auto 

8:30 am - 12:30 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

7

Auto 

1:00 - 5:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

8 9 10

Auto 

8:30 am - 12:30 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

11 12

Auto 

8:30 am - 12:30 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

13 14 15

Auto 

1:00 - 5:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

1 6

Auto 

8:30 am - 12:30 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

17 18

Auto 

1:00 - 5:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

1 9

2 0

Auto 

1:00 - 5:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

2 1

Auto 

8:30 am - 12:30 

Thom Thumb 

Store

22 23 24

Auto 

1:00 - 5:00 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

Auto 

1:00 - 5:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School

25 26

Auto 

2:00 - 4:00 pm 

Key Largo 

Elementary 

School 

Make-up day

27 28 29 30 31

Thom Thumb 2 days

Key Largo Elementary 

School 12 days

14 day Auto Survey

7 mornings

7 afternoons
143

January 1996

Exhibit 4 Auto Survey Calandar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

123456

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 4

Auto 

12:00 - 2:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

1 5

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

16 17 18

Auto 

1:00 - 2:30 pm 

3:30 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

19 20

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

21 22 23

Auto 

12:00 - 2:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 4

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

25 26

Auto 

2:00 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 7

2 8

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 9

Auto 

1:00 - 2:30 pm 

3:30 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

30 31

Thom Thumb 

9 days 9 days auto Survey

4 mornings

5 afternoons
144144144144p

144

February 1996

Exhibit 4 Auto Survey Calandar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1

Auto 

9:30 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 1

Auto 

12:00 - 2:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

1 2

Auto 

9:30 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

13 14 15

Auto 

1:00 - 2:30 pm 

3:30 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

16 17

Auto 

2:00 - 4:30 pm 

pm Thom 

Thumb Store

18 19 20

Auto 

9:30 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 1

Auto 

12:00 - 2:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

22 23

Auto 

9:30 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 4

2 5

Auto 

9:30 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 6

Auto 

1:00 - 2:30 pm 

3:30 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store

27 28 29

Thom Thumb 

10 days 10 days auto Survey

5 mornings

5 afternoons
145

March 1996

Exhibit 4 Auto Survey Calandar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

1 2

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

345

Auto 

12:00 - 2:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

Cancelled due to 

fires on U.S. 1

6

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

7 8

Auto 

2:00 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Auto 

2:00 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

17 18 19

Auto 

1:00 - 2:30 pm 

3:30 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

2 0

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

21 22

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

2 3

2 4

Auto 

12:00 - 2:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

2 5

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

26 27 28

Auto 

1:00 - 2:30 pm 

3:30 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

29 30

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

3 1

Thom Thumb 

13 days

13 days Auto Survey

7 mornings

6 afternoons
146146146146p

146

April 1996

Exhibit 4 Auto Survey Calandar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1 2

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

3

Auto 

12:00 - 2:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

4 5

Auto 

2:00 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

6

7

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

Rain-out 

8

Auto 

1:00 - 2:30 pm 

3:30 - 4:30 pm 

Thom Thumb 

Store 

9 10 11

Auto 

9:00 - 11:30 am 

Thom Thumb 

Store

12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30

Thom Thumb 6 days

6 days Auto Survey

3 mornings

3 afternoons
147

Exhibit 5

Florida Department of Transportation

Traffic Counts

Hourly Continuous Counts Final Report

July 1995

County Name: MONROE Station: 0164 Direction: N

Description: SR 5/US 1, 800 feet S JCT CR 905 in Key Largo

Day Dof HR1 HR2 HR3 HR4 HR5 HR6 HR7 HR8 HR9 HR10 HR11 HR12

1 A 147 120 68 57 75 100 171 321 429 590 711 738

2 S 259 197 158 144 111 95 138 234 354 481 643 776

3 M 284 188 97 81 80 218 399 564 595 655 799 889

4 T 200 122 102 84 75 85 155 274 497 598 727 1004

5 W 239 123 63 59 72 294 575 709 699 798 935 932

6 R 81 61 38 24 63 190 375 516 547 612 630 706

7 F 70 48 39 47 58 181 343 504 541 558 663 717

8 A 144 69 67 73 56 101 209 337 456 645 768 836

9 S 202 133 93 70 70 86 131 241 339 540 732 957

10 M 113 61 30 29 74 217 436 566 574 630 682 692

11 T 85 37 41 33 58 170 366 506 512 549 553 593

12 W 63 54 36 24 64 198 350 463 536 562 534 648

13 R 83 52 28 31 46 181 354 457 537 586 626 632

14 F 87 69 41 37 67 167 342 509 539 513 636 685

15 A 122 78 58 39 69 107 174 308 486 609 758 787

16 S 191 129 73 53 53 86 120 235 373 551 749 984

17 M 125 55 42 44 80 214 432 566 565 622 703 691

18 T 48 34 22 23 74 197 360 487 466 547 579 636

19 W 85 46 23 27 54 196 348 501 500 532 592 602

20 R 74 63 47 26 64 165 386 500 499 596 612 644

21 F 67 40 34 31 66 159 359 451 539 581 665 685

22 A 108 106 66 54 63 104 183 358 455 634 724 771

23 S 274 231 91 72 81 107 133 241 349 554 777 1012

24 M 138 46 53 38 80 243 469 562 649 616 690 713

25 T 92 43 29 30 76 174 351 471 526 569 598 638

26 W 81 67 34 42 69 199 358 419 491 519 617 620

27 R 79 46 26 31 71 178 354 481 533 587 649 695

28 F 98 48 43 29 58 198 400 577 664 726 914 919

29 A 116 76 48 38 55 109 179 308 516 720 979 1111

30 S 197 107 68 45 60 80 116 229 373 592 856 1156

31 M 105 52 46 26 84 208 433 510 551 614 764 820

** Dof=Day of week.

 Exhibit 5
148148148148p

148

 Exhibit 5

 (Continued)

Florida Department of Transportation

Traffic Counts

Hourly Continuous Counts Final Report

July 1995

County Name: MONROE Station: 0164 Direction: N

Description: SR 5/US 1, 800 feet S JCT CR 905 in Key Largo

Day Dof HR13 HR14 HR15 HR16 HR17 HR18 HR19 HR20 HR21 HR22 HR23 HR24 Total

1 A 721 659 622 644 756 735 749 650 533 557 415 323 10891

2 S 833 846 936 1022 1162 1256 1369 1373 1308 1152 736 465 16048

3 M 880 960 985 989 961 1005 827 674 534 459 361 284 13768

4 T 1085 1041 1095 1039 1112 1084 1094 912 790 810 743 459 15187

5 W 848 827 839 777 783 745 613 422 356 259 212 132 12311

6 R 623 674 700 726 700 713 558 469 360 319 205 151 10041

7 F 719 658 776 750 743 775 659 508 305 295 205 188 10350

8 A 812 814 724 735 823 769 698 654 538 498 371 291 11488

9 S 1064 1097 1253 1304 1308 1420 1381 1271 932 719 447 223 16013

10 M 679 617 682 667 638 626 523 367 300 245 146 106 9700

11 T 573 628 581 604 629 633 434 352 251 217 187 126 8718

12 W 658 660 661 630 640 614 497 377 280 210 175 128 9062

13 R 615 628 657 623 599 625 580 381 337 263 159 124 9204

14 F 712 687 697 702 717 721 597 462 385 284 189 178 10023

15 A 797 733 683 742 797 764 749 642 479 444 385 287 11097

16 S 1027 1052 1170 1249 1282 1365 1354 1149 918 707 396 237 15503

17 M 678 590 615 646 597 612 508 344 267 173 164 121 9454

18 T 642 617 609 566 552 601 452 316 249 211 167 99 8554

19 W 651 640 618 615 594 627 461 350 289 229 159 120 8859

20 R 644 647 660 677 641 656 498 409 317 239 187 130 9381

21 F 734 671 686 646 698 732 654 495 396 287 213 158 10047

22 A 826 743 745 751 844 863 757 672 654 561 445 362 11849

23 S 1030 1198 1383 1292 1485 1436 1530 1381 1155 847 507 285 17451

24 M 772 675 659 680 676 659 517 420 341 266 176 121 10259

25 T 627 676 649 635 585 649 534 399 326 266 165 118 9226

26 W 681 674 743 668 691 735 598 460 377 292 240 139 9814

27 R 724 789 903 954 953 864 686 522 423 323 252 165 11288

28 F 906 901 866 792 822 768 673 490 361 273 210 152 11888

29 A 1168 1128 978 842 863 806 653 581 526 399 323 262 12784

30 S 1287 1215 1299 1104 1154 1139 1039 869 796 565 329 209 14884

31 M 908 1139 1308 1449 1435 1277 1268 989 799 687 473 299 16244

** Dof=Day of week.
149

Screening Criteria: 1) NOT a resident of Monroe County

(See Tally Sheet) 2) Visiting Keys and did some recreation/tourist activity

Auto: U.S. 1

Air: Key West

Marathon

Cruise Ship: Mallory Square

Truman Annex

Time of interview:

 Month Day Time

Number of people in Vehicle or Party:

# People

6. Looking at the map, could you tell me how many nights you spent on this trip to the Florida Keys in the

Upper Keys Middle Keys Lower Keys Key West

 # nights # nights # nights # nights

3. On this trip to the Florida Keys, when did you first arrive?

 Month Day Time

4. Including this trip, how many times have you visited the Florida Keys for all recreation/tourist activities in

the last 12 months, that is since (date last year)?

Times

5. Including this trip, how many days have you spent in the Florida Keys where you did some recreation/

tourist activity in the last 12 months?

 Days

1. How many People in your vehicle (party) are age 16 or older?

# people

2. Where is your primary residence?

 City or Nearest City County State Zipcode

Country:

U.S.A. Australia/Oceania Other Europe

Canada Japan Middle East

Mexico Other Far East Africa

Central Am./South Am. United Kingdom Other

If overnight visitor, hand respondent map of Florida Keys. If not overnight visitor skip to next section.

Interviewer: Make sure if answer to Q.4. is greater than one, that answer to Q.6. is not equal to Q.5.

OMB Approval #: 0596-0110

Expiration Date: 06/30/96

On-Site Survey Number:

Exhibit 6 Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey
150150150150p

150

Exhibit 6 Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey

I would now like to ask you about some of the recreation/tourist activities in which you, or someone in your group,

participated in during this trip to the Florida Keys. Please refer to the white card.

7. In which of these activities did you or someone in your group participate?

8. As I read you each activity in which you said you or someone in your group participated, could you tell me

in which areas of the Florida Keys you participated in the activity?

For <activity> Upper Keys, Middle Keys, Lower Keys, Key West?

9. Now as I read each activity, could you tell me how many others in your group participated in the activity in

each area of the Florida Keys?

For <activity>, how many others participated in Upper Keys, Middle Keys, Lower Keys, Key West?

Upper Keys

 #

 Resp. Others

Middle Keys

 #

 Resp. Others

Lower Keys

 #

 Resp. Others

Key West

 #

Activity Resp. Others A
151

Exhibit 6 Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey

11. Please refer to Section 1 on your green card and tell me how important was the event in planning your

trip to the Florida Keys?

DK Don't know

A Not important

B Somewhat important

C Important

D Very important

E Extremely important

12. Please refer to Section 2 on your green card and tell me which reason best describes the primary

purpose of your trip to the Florida Keys.

A Recreation or vacation

B Visit family or friends

C Business trip

D Business/pleasure

E Other (specify)

10. Please refer to the yellow Events Card. The events are listed by date to help you skip down the list.

Events are listed on both sides of the card.

Did you attend any of these events on this trip to the Florida Keys?

Yes (continue) No (skip to Q. 12)

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o refused

don't know

Finally, for statistical purposes, we need to know a few things about yourself.

13. In what year were you born? (code last two digits)

14. Sex male female

15. Race/Ethnicity American Indian or Alaskan native

Asian or pacific Islander

Black, not of Hispanic origin

Hispanic

White, not of Hispanic origin

Other (specify) ____________

16. Please refer to Section 3 of your green card again and tell me which of the income categories best

describes your annual household income last year before taxes. Please give me the letter on the card

that is the closest.

17. Do you own a second home or time share in the Florida Keys?

Yes No

18. On this trip, are you paying your own expenses, sharing expenses or is someone else paying your expenses?

own expenses

shared expenses

someone else paying expenses

>

>

Beside your own expenses, how

many other people are you

paying for on this trip?

With how many people are you

sharing expenses?
152152152152p

152

Auto, Air and Cruise Ship Survey

Reminder: Your name and address and all personal information collected in this project are protected under

the Privacy Act. After the survey is completed and the sweepstakes prizes awarded, all name

and address information will be destroyed. No one will be allowed to use this information for

contacting you about any promotions.

19. Will you complete this questionnaire?

Yes

No > This concludes our interview. Thank you for your time. In appreciation

for your participation we would like to offer you this gift.

 Satisfaction

We suggest completing the satisfaction questionnaire on your way home while your thoughts about your trip to

the Florida Keys are fresh.

 Expenditure

The expenditure survey should be completed after your trip is over and you have returned home.

Interviewer: Code on-site survey number and location on mailback

 Show example of mailback questionnaire, where to start, the types of questions that are asked, and how to seal

 it to mail back

20. Please give us your name and address. In the event that we do not receive the take home questionnaire

we will send you another.

Satisfaction name and address

Name: __________________________________________________________________

Address: ________________________________________________________________

City: _________________________ State: __________ Zip: ____________________

21. If someone other than yourself paid for all your expenses on this trip to the Florida Keys, we would like

that person to answer the questionnaire. Will you please give us the name and address of that person?

Expenditure name and address

Name: __________________________________________________________________

Address: ________________________________________________________________

City: _________________________ State: __________ Zip: ____________________

This concludes our interview. Thank you for your time. In appreciation for your participation, we would like to

offer you this gift.

Interviewer: Mailback Information

We would like to collect some additional information on your (expenditures or satisfaction) with the Florida Keys

during your trip. Please take this (satisfaction or expenditure) questionnaire and return it to us in the mail. The

questionnaire has a business reply page and postage is pre-paid. It will cost you nothing to return to us. The

information gained from these questions are very important to all those responsible for making your trip to the

Florida Keys an enjoyable experience. As an incentive to return your questionnaires, a sweepstakes has been

organized by the local business community. Hand brochure describing sweepstakes By returning your questionnaire with your name and address, we will enter you in the sweepstakes.

Same as satisfaction

Exhibit 6
153

July 1995

Exhibit 7 Airport Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1

234567

Key West 

Morning

8

Key West 

Afternoon

9

Key West 

Morning

1 0

Key West 

Morning 

Afternoon

11 12 13 14 15

Key West 

Afternoon 

Marathon 

Morning 

Afternoon

1 6

Marathon 

Afternoon

1 7

Marathon 

Morning 

Afternoon

18 19 20 21 22

Key West 

Afternoon 

Marathon 

Morning 

Afternoon

2 3

Key West 

Morning 

Afternoon

2 4

Key West 

Morning

2 5

Marathon 

Morning 

Afternoon

26 27

Key West 

Afternoon

2 8

Key West 

Afternoon

2 9

30 31 June 1995

SM TW T F S

123

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30

August 1995

SM TW T F S

12345

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31
154154154154p

154

August 1995

Exhibit 7 Airport Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1234

Key West 

Afternoon

5

6

Key West 

Afternoon

7

Key West 

Afternoon

8 9 10 11

Key West 

Afternoon

1 2

1 3

Key West 

Afternoon

14 15 16 17

Key West 

Afternoon

1 8

Key West 

Afternoon

1 9

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

July 1995

SM TW T F S

1

2345678

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30 31

September 1995

SM TW T F S

1 2

3456789

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30
155

January 1996

Exhibit 7 Airport Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

123456

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2 1

Key West 

Afternoon 

Marathon 

Morning

2 2

Key West 

Afternoon 

Marathon 

Afternoon

23 24 25

Key West 

Morning 

Marathon 

Morning

26 27

Key West 

Morning

28 29

Key West 

Morning

30 31

December 1995

SM TW T F S

1 2

3456789

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

3 1

February 1996

SM TW T F S

123

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29
156156156156p

156

February 1996

Exhibit 7 Airport Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1

Key West 

Afternoon

2

Key West 

Morning

3

Marathon 

Afternoon

4

Key West 

Morning

5

Key West 

Morning 

Marathon 

Morning

678

Key West 

Afternoon 

Marathon 

Afternoon

9

Marathon 

Morning

1 0

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19

Marathon 

Morning

2 0

Marathon 

Afternoon

21 22

Marathon 

Afternoon

23 24

Key West 

Morning

25 26

Key West 

Afternoon

27 28 29

January 1996

SM TW T F S

123456

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

March 1996

SM TW T F S

1 2

3456789

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

3 1
157

March 1996

Exhibit 7 Airport Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1 2

Marathon 

Morning

3 4

Marathon 

Afternoon

567

Marathon 

Morning

8

Key West 

Afternoon 

Marathon 

Afternoon

9

10 11

Key West 

Afternoon

12 13 14

Key West 

Morning

15 16

1 7

Key West 

Morning 

Marathon 

Morning

1 8

Marathon 

Afternoon

19 20 21

Marathon 

Morning

22 23

Key West 

Afternoon

24 25 26 27 28

Key West 

Afternoon

29 30

Marathon 

Afternoon

3 1 February 1996

SM TW T F S

123

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29

April 1996

SM TW T F S

123456

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30
158158158158p

158

April 1996

Exhibit 7 Airport Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

123

Key West 

Morning

4 5

Key West 

Morning 

Marathon 

Morning

6

Key West 

Morning

7 8

Key West 

Morning 

Marathon 

Morning

9 10 11

Key West 

Afternoon 

Marathon 

Afternoon

12 13

Key West 

Morning

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30

March 1996

SM TW T F S

1 2

3456789

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

3 1

May 1996

SM TW T F S

1234

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31
159

Tally Sheet

Air Survey

Sites

Key West (KW)

Marathon (M)

1. Are you a permanent resident of Monroe County?

YES Thank you. We are only interviewing nonresidents of Monroe County. (Place tic

mark in Column 3)

NO

2. Did you do any recreation/tourist activities on this visit to the Florida Keys?

(show recreation/tourist activity Blue Card)

NO Thank you. We are only interviewing visitors that did recreation activities

YES

3. Will you participate in a short 5-10 minute interview about your visit to the

Florida Keys?

No Thank you. (Place tic mark in column 5)

Yes (Place tic mark in column 6)

Begin interview.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Site Date

Permanent

Resedent

Non

Recreating/

Tourist

Visitor

Visitor

Refusal or

Language

Barrier

Visitor

Interviewed

Exhibit 8
160160160160p

160

Exhibit 9

Air Enplanement Counts

KEYWEST AIRPORT ENPLANEMENTS (ENP) AND DEPLANEMENTS (DEP) 1993-1996

 1993 1994 1995 1996

 ENP DEP ENP DEP ENP DEP ENP DEP

January 18,856 16,803 22,911 20,550 22,605 19,751 27,119 24,444

February 18,559 18,565 22,310 22,903 22,367 21,451 28,927 28,905

March 20,956 19,785 26,707 25,613 26,203 25,913 32,861 30,166

April 19,254 19,072 24,954 23,450 24,100 22,331 30,227 26,663

May 19,563 18,436 24,240 22,273 22,759 20,984 25,932 24,657

June 16,580 16,429 19,467 18,383 18,347 18,555

July 16,793 16,810 19,582 19,241 17,755 16,533

August 17,330 16,600 19,033 18,670 15,955 15,822

September 15,443 15,754 16,843 16,840 14,361 14,598

October 17,081 18,919 18,744 18,856 19,438 20,137

November 19,755 18,012 17,184 15,632 22,835 22,160

December 18,647 21,184 18,322 20,993 21,171 23,912

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL 218,817 216,369 250,297 243,404 247,896 242,147 145,066 134,835

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

MARATHON AIRPORT ENPLANEMENTS (ENP) AND DEPLANEMENTS (DEP) 1993-1996

 1993 1994 1995 1996

 ENP DEP ENP DEP ENP DEP ENP DEP

January 2,913 2,701 2,889 2,657 3,695 3,286 4,288 3,878

February 2,884 2,874 3,007 2,796 3,920 4,006 4,469 4,646

March 3,308 3,008 3,474 3,169 4,889 4,596 4,896 4,357

April 2,989 2,767 3,090 2,724 3,841 3,517 4,651 3,744

May 2,685 2,511 2,830 2,667 3,239 2,872 3,037 2,747

June 2,140 2,085 2,185 2,040 2,337 2,317

July 2,078 2,005 2,071 1,925 2,451 2,148

August 1,917 1,843 2,109 1,993 2,165 2,007

September 1,565 1,509 1,700 1,519 1,748 1,500

October 1,750 1,928 1,887 1,924 2,271 2,493

November 2,170 1,946 2,493 2,300 2,950 2,769

December 2,226 2,486 2,459 2,646 2,865 2,996

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL 28,625 27,663 30,194 28,360 36,371 34,507 21,341 19,372

SOURCE: Monroe County Airport Authority
161

July 1995

Exhibit 10 Cruise Ship Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1

23456

Count Zenith

Sample 

Truman Annex 

7 8

9

Sample 

Truman Annex 

1 0

Count 

Dolphin

Sample 

Truman Annex 

11 12 13 14 15

Sample 

Truman Annex 

16 17

Count 

Dolphin

Sample 

Malory Square 

Truman Annex

18 19 20

Sample 

Truman Annex 

21 22

23 24

Sample 

Truman Annex 

25 26 27 28 29

Sample 

Truman Annex 

30 31

Sample (8)

Interview 

Passengers

Count (3)

Count Number of 

passengers getting off 

ships
162162162162p

162

August 1995

Exhibit 10 Cruise Ship Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

Cancelled due to 

storm

123

Sample 

Truman Annex 

4 5

6 7

Sample 

Truman Annex 

8 9 10 11 12

13 14

Sample 

Truman Annex 

15 16 17

Count 

Zenith

Sample Mallory 

Square

18 19

2 0

Sample 

Truman Annex 

2 1

Count 

Ecstasy

Sample 

Truman Annex 

22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

Count (2)

Count Number of 

passengers getting 

off ships

Sample (6)

Interview Passengers
163

January 1996

Exhibit 10 Cruise Ship Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

123456

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18

Sample 

Truman Annex 

19 20

2 1

Sample 

Truman Annex 

2 2

Sample 

Truman Annex 

23 24 25 26 27

Sample 

Truman Annex 

28 29 30 31

Count (0)

Count Number of 

passengers getting off 

ships

Sample (3)

Interview 

Passengers
164164164164p

164

February 1996

Exhibit 10 Cruise Ship Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

123

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Count 

Noordam

11 12 13 14 15 16

Count 

Leeward

Sample 

Truman Annex 

1 7

1 8

Count Costa 

Momantica

19 20 21 22

Count 

Crown Dynasty

Sample 

Truman Annex 

23 24

Count 

Royal Majesty

Sample 

Truman Annex 

25 26 27 28 29

Sample (3)

Interview 

Passengers

Count (5)

Count Number of 

passengers getting 

off ships
165

March 1996

Exhibit 10 Cruise Ship Survey Calendar

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu F r i Sat

1 2

3 4

Sample 

Truman Annex 

56789

10 11

Count 

Ecstasy

Sample Navy 

Mole

12 13

Sample 

Truman Annex 

14 15

Count 

Stella Solaris

1 6

17 18 19

Count 

Royal Majesty

20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27

Count Regal 

Empress

2 8

Count 

Century

29 30

3 1

Sample (3)

Interview 

Passengers

Count (4)

Count Number of 

passengers getting 

off ships
166166166166p

166

Tally Sheet

Cruise Ships

Sites

Mallory Square (MS)

Truman Annex (TA)

1. Are you a permanent resident of Monroe County?

YES Thank you. We are only interviewing nonresidents of Monroe County. (Place tic

mark in Column 3)

NO

2. Will you participate in a short 5-10 minute interview about your visit to the Florida Keys?

No Thank you. (Place tic mark in column 4)

Yes (Place tic mark in column 5)

Begin interview.

Exhibit 11

1 2 3 4 5

Site Date

Permanent

Resedent

Visitor

Refusal or

Language

Barrier

Visitor

Interviewed
167

Exhibit 12

Cruise Ship Passenger Counts

Key West Cruise Ship Passenger Arrivals

 FY 92-93 FY 93-94 FY 94-95 FY 95-96

MONTH TRIPS ARRIVALS TRIPS ARRIVALS TRIPS ARRIVALS TRIPS ARRIVALS

October 17 13,021 22 18,713 33 30,915 26 25,695

November 21 16,848 42 37,941 42 40,540 31 29,456

December 19 15,207 39 37,871 49 47,200 37 39,495

January 29 25,361 19 33,028 47 46,282 32 38,921

February 27 22,330 36 41,626 40 41,668 31 37,575

March 33 29,151 49 50,620 44 50,823 38 48,067

April 25 29,419 50 48,614 44 50,858 40 46,745

May 30 20,914 41 42,322 23 24,187 23 24,382

June 25 21,930 30 36,248 10 14,605

July 26 23,722 33 38,388 13 20,358

August 29 25,177 35 42,030 10 15,529

September 19 12,497 24 24,901 13 15,405

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL 300 255,577 420 452,302 368 398,370 157 171,142

Change From

Previous Year 83.0% 77.0% -11.9% -12.9%

 YTD

FISCAL YEAR: OCTOBER 1 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30

SOURCE: CITY OF KEY WEST TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT
168168168168p

168

ACTIVITIES LIST

Number Activities Using Boats and Personal Watercraft

Snorkeling

100 A Snorkeling from charter/party boat (pay operation)

101 A Snorkeling from Rental boat

102 A Snorkeling from private boat

Scuba Diving

200 A Scuba diving from charter/party boat (pay operation)

201 A Scuba diving from rental boat

202 A Scuba diving from private boat

Special Activities while Snorkeling or Scuba Diving

300 Diving for lobsters

301 Underwater photography

302 Wreck diving

303 Spear fishing

Fishing - Offshore

400 A Fishing from charter boat (pay operation six persons or less) - offshore

401 A Fishing from party or head boat (charge per person) - off shore

402 A Fishing from rental boat - offshore

403 A Fishing from private boat - offshore

Fishing - Flats or Back Country

404 A Fishing from Charter/party boat (pay operation) - flats or back country

405 A Fishing from rental boat - flats or back country

406 A Fishing from private boat - flats or back country

Other Fishing

407 A Other fishing from charter boat (pay operation six persons or less)

408 A Other Fishing from party or head boat (charge per person)

409 A Other fishing from rental boat

410 A Other fishing from private boat

Viewing Nature and Wildlife

500 A Glass bottom boat rides (pay operation)

501 A Back country boating excursions (pay operation/guided service/NOT FISHING)

502 A Viewing nature and wildlife from private or rental boat

Personal Watercraft (jet skis, wave runners, etc.)

600 A Personal watercraft - rental

601 A Personal watercraft - private

Sailing

700 A Sailing charter/party boat (pay operation)

701 A Sailing rental boat

702 A Sailing private boat

Other Activities NOT MENTIONED ABOVE (parasailing, hang gliding, sunset cruises,

water-skiing)

800 A Other activities from charter/party (pay operation)

801 A Other activities from rental boat

802 A Other activities from private boat

Exhibit 13 white
169

ACTIVITIES LIST white

Number Other Water-Based Activities - NO BOATS

Snorkeling & Scuba Diving

10 A Snorkeling from shore

11 A Scuba diving from shore

Special Activities while Diving from Shore

12 Diving for lobsters

13 Underwater photography

14 A Fishing from shore (beach, bank, pier, bridge, jetty, dock)

15 A Swimming at Beaches (not in pool)

16 A Swimming in Outdoor pool

17 Swimming with Dolphins

18 A Windsurfing or sailboarding

Number Land-Based Activities

Nature Study - Wildlife Observation - Photography

19 A Wildlife observation or wildlife photography

20 A Other nature study and observation

21 Photography (not including wildlife)

Camping - Backpacking - Hiking - Picnicking

22 Backpacking

23 Camping in developed campgrounds

24 Camping in primitive campgrounds

25 Day Hiking

26 Attending ranger guided walk

27 Self-guided nature or historic trails

28 Picnicking

Cultural, Historic and Tourist Attractions

29 A Visiting historic areas, sites, buildings or memorials

30 Attending special events (fairs, festivals, ceremonies, etc.)

31 Attending outdoor concerts, plays or other outdoor performances

32 Attending indoor concerts, plays, performances or events

33 Sight-seeing tours and tourist attractions (paid)

34 Sight-seeing (not paid tours)

35 Reading roadside exhibits or markers

36 A Visiting a museum, educational facility or information center

37 Attending outdoor sports events (sailing or boat races; spectator at fishing tournament)

Outdoor sports

38 Golf

39 Tennis outdoors

40 Participation in other outdoor sports and games

Bicycling - Horseback riding - Driving for Pleasure

41 Bicycling

42 Horseback riding

43 Driving for pleasure (mopeds, motorcycles)

Beach Activities - Sunbathing

44 A All Beach Activities (other than swimming)

45 Sunbathing (not at beach)
170170170170p

170

Islamorada

•

•

Key Largo

•

• Tavernier

Plantation

John 

Pennekamp

Coral Reef 

State Park

•

•

Bahia Honda

Big Pine Key

•

• • Key 

Colony 

Beach

Long Key

•

Marathon

Duck Key •

•

Ramrod Key

•

SummerlandKey

•

Sugarloaf Key

Stock Island

•

Upper Keys

Middle Keys

Lower Keys

Key West and the

Dry Tortugas

Key West

•

Marquesas Keys

•

Dry Tortugas

•

Windley Key 

•

Exhibit 14
171