# Patent

## Title
Audio system and method for coordinating tasks

## Abstract

A system includes a hands free mobile communication device. Software stored on a machine readable storage device is executed to cause the hands free mobile communication device to communicate audibly with a field operator performing field operations. The operator receives instructions regarding operations to be performed. Oral communications are received from the operator and are processed automatically to provide further instructions in response to the received oral communications.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/658,917, filed Feb. 16, 2010, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
Handheld devices have been used to support industrial field operations and maintenance. Such devices have suffered from the use of small user interfaces, including small format touchscreens and keypads. It is difficult for users to interact with these devices to enter data via a touch input. The text is small and difficult to read. Bright outdoor light further obscures the text. Further, while performing operations that require the use of both hands, the device must be continually stowed and retrieved. Since some operations are performed on ladders or platforms and sometimes in inclement weather, the interaction with the device may be very frustrating and distract the user from performing field operations.
SUMMARY
A system includes one or more hands free mobile communication devices. Software stored on a machine readable storage device is executed to cause the hands free mobile communication devices to communicate audibly with field operators performing field operations. The operators are instructed regarding operations to be performed. Oral communications are received from the operators, interpreted by the system and routed appropriately. The interpreted communications may automatically trigger further instructions.
Oral communications may include comments from the operator. The system in one embodiment may route or otherwise process the comments as a function of the context in which the comments are generated and the content of the comment.
In some embodiments, the system supports the synchronous execution of procedures by multiple operators and by multiple operators in coordination with an automated control system.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a portrayal of a field operator in an industrial plant performing a task in a procedure utilizing a hands free communication device according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a controller interacting with multiple hands free mobile communication devices and a console operator interface according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of handling comments according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating handling of audible instructions from a field operator according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a drawing of a field operator interface for a hands free mobile communication device according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a drawing a portion of a field operator interface for a hands free mobile communication device according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a drawing of a portion of a field operator interface for a hands free mobile communication device according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 8A, 8B, and 8C taken together illustrate a chart describing interaction of a console operator and a field operator interacting with a procedure according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a computer system that executes programming for executing code to control procedures performed by operators according to an example embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments which may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following description of example embodiments is, therefore, not to be taken in a limited sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
The functions or algorithms described herein may be implemented in software or a combination of software and human implemented procedures in one embodiment. The software may consist of computer executable instructions stored on computer readable media such as memory or other type of storage devices. Further, such functions correspond to modules, which are software on a storage device, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. Multiple functions may be performed in one or more modules as desired, and the embodiments described are merely examples. The software may be executed on a digital signal processor, ASIC, microprocessor, or other type of processor operating on a computer system, such as a personal computer, server or other computer system.
FIG. 1 is a portrayal 100 of a field operator 110 in an industrial plant 115, such as a refinery, performing a task in a procedure for handling operations and maintenance of the industrial plant. In one embodiment, the field operator 110 is on a ladder, and is using a hands free mobile communication device 120, such as a cellular phone or integrated data and voice communications device along with a wireless headset 125 to interact with a system to jointly execute the procedure. A procedure may be thought of as a set of explicit actions or steps and instructions that are followed by operational personnel alone or in close coordination with an automated control system and optionally multiple personnel in a coordinated manner to execute a process or achieve a goal. While an industrial plant is used as an example, the invention may also be adapted to operations and maintenance of space vehicles, maintenance and servicing of commercial aircraft on the ground, and in security and HVAC servicing and operations in buildings.
The procedure may be written in a machine executable program that is stored on a storage device, and provides speech based instructions to the operator. The system generates the speech based instructions, and receives oral data and commands from the field operator 110 as shown in a dialog box 130. The speech generated instructions from the system are provided to the operator. The first instruction in this example dialog 130 is “Confirm Tag number.” The operator responds orally with “11AC12”. The system interprets the oral response and acts in accordance with the procedure, such as perhaps checking the tag number for accuracy and then provides a question for the operator to answer: “Is discharge pressure greater than 90 psi?” The operator responds with “No”. This response is also interpreted and may affect the flow of the procedure. Given the response of “No”, the next instruction is “Check delta P for filters.” The operator responds “Delta P is 50%”. An instruction may then be provided to “Change filters”. The field operator in this example was able to stay on the ladder, and complete a procedure without having to physically interact with the device.
Many different procedures may be facilitated by the system, such as structured tasks, maintenance rounds, procedural operations such as unit start ups and shut downs, product installations and servicing. The system is fully speech interactive and wireless using a body worn mobile device.
In one embodiment, as shown in block diagram 200 in FIG. 2, the instructions describing one or more procedures may be stored and executed on a controller 210, which may be referred to as a procedure controller. The controller 210 may be a stand alone device, or coupled to or part of a process controller, such as a distributed process controller 212 that controls operations in a plant. Further, the instructions may be stored on one or more handheld devices that allow hands free communication with a field operator.
Controller 210 in one embodiment communicates with multiple operators via devices 215, 220 and 225. Each device may be a wireless mobile communications platform with a wireless or wired headset having a speaker and microphone device indicated at 230, 235 and 240 respectively to provide a hands free mobile communication device. In further embodiments, noise cancellation features may be included, as many industrial plants like refineries can have a high level of ambient noise that would otherwise interfere with communications. In still further embodiments, the mobile communications platform may be integrated with the headset.
In further embodiments, controller 210 may have a console operator interface 250 coupled to it via a wired or wireless network. Console operator interface 250 may be a common workstation in one embodiment, having a display, keyboard, and a data entry device (e.g., mouse, touchpad, etc.), and is also coupled to the distributed control system 212. Still further, operator interface 250 may include voice capabilities for communicating directly with operators and the control device in a manner similar to that provided by the mobile communication devices 215, 220, and 225. Operator interface 250 may also be used as part of the execution of a procedure program being executed by controller 210. For instance, the operator interface 250 may be used to allow an operator to interact directly with a control system to cause actions to occur in the plant that are relevant to tasks being performed by one or more field operators. In one simple example, a valve may need to be closed using the controller 210 prior to the field operator performing a measurement or other action.
In one embodiment, controller 210 may execute a procedure that includes instructions for causing the hands free mobile communication device to communicate audibly with a field operator performing field operations. The mobile communication device may instruct the operator regarding operations to be performed, receive oral communications from the operator, and to interpret/process the received oral communications by means of speech recognition and provide further instructions responsive to the received oral communications.
In some procedures, multiple field operators may be helping to perform the procedure. The activities of the operators may need to be synchronized. One operator may need to complete a task prior to another operator starting a succeeding task. Some tasks may be performed in parallel by two or more operators. Operators may need to perform tasks in synchrony with tasks performed by the automatic process control system. In this case, an operator may have to wait for the control system to perform an action, such as ramping up temperature or pressure in a vessel to a prescribed level, before he or she opens a valve, introduces another chemical to the process, etc. A procedure authoring tool 260, such as one called PRIDE, may be used to generate procedures in a high level language, such as an XML script, for execution. The procedure authoring tool allows the programming of if-then scenarios, as illustrated above, where the field operator was instructed to replace a filter when a difference in pressure read in the field exceeded a certain threshold. The XML script, or other type of machine executable language, may also control timing of tasks, recognition of responses, and allow for comments.
In one embodiment, the script identifies text to read to a field operator, either by text to speech conversion, or by a pre-recorded audio file (e.g., way, etc.). The script then causes a machine executing it to perform speech recognition on audible information and commands received from the operator. Oral communications are recognized and converted to text commands. The format of the script in one example embodiment may take the form of {Instr.;Response;Comment}. The following is a word list corresponding to commands for hands free interaction for one example form that the procedure language may take in one example embodiment:
# word list file, put each voice command on a separate line
# anything after a ‘#’ symbol is ignored by parser
Ok
Cancel
Phonetic Numbers #Unlimited Digits 0-9
Save and Exit
On
Off
Phonetic Alphabets #Unlimited Letters inc “space”
Clear
Next
Previous
Edit
Clear Text
Check Box
Skip Check
Previous Settings
User Settings
Status Page
Reset Values
All
Auto
Manual
All Data
Message
Comment One
Done
Invalid
Pause
Comment
Resume
In one embodiment, one of the text commands causes recording of audible comments provided by the field operator as illustrated in a flowchart 300 in FIG. 3. The text commands for handling comments may include Comment, done, invalid, pause, and resume as indicated above or other commands necessary to control the recording of comments or notes. Such commands may be operable to initiate a comment at 310 and while audible comments are being recorded. At 320, the audible comment is converted to text, and at 330, the comment text is analyzed to identify or infer automatically a recipient of an electronic communication to which the comment will be sent. In further embodiments, the comment may simply be recorded in a comment log.
Keywords in the comment may be identified in the text and compared to known keywords to identify the recipient and to create the communication based on the comment as indicated at 340. The communication in one embodiment may include a context in which the comment is entered. In one example, the word “broken” or “needs repair” may result in a work order being prepared as part of the communication. From the context of the task, such as “inspect pipe”, the work order may be routed to a person or department that is responsible for fixing pipes. There are many other examples that are easy to generate given a list of potential repairs, or other actions that would be known to result from a specific procedure. In some embodiment, the context includes a name of a procedure being performed by the field operator at the time the comment is provided.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method 400 that includes providing audible instructions to a field operator via a hands free communication device in accordance with a procedure written in a machine readable form at 410. Oral commands may be received from the hands free mobile communication device at 420 as an operator performs the procedure in accordance with the audible instructions. At 430, the oral commands are converted to machine readable form to continue executing the procedure interactively via the hands free communication device.
In one embodiment, the procedure may synchronize instructions and commands via multiple hands free communication devices such that multiple operators are instructed to perform tasks in the procedure in a synchronized manner. Furthermore, multiple operators may be instructed to perform tasks in synchrony with tasks performed by the automated process control system. Some tasks may be performed in parallel and other tasks are performed only after receiving oral commands indicating that a predetermined task is completed. The tasks may be assigned to specific field operators.
In further embodiments, a handheld mobile communication device may include a graphical user interface, one instance of which is illustrated at 500 in FIG. 5. The graphical user interface 500 may include items such as step title 505, previous step 510, previous instruction 515, current step 520, current instruction 525, response 530 and status, such as pause, comment, etc., at 535. Further menus may be accessed via an App Control button 540 and an Options button 545. Such menus are illustrated at 610 in FIGS. 6, and 710 in FIG. 7 respectively.
The user interface 500 may be used to help a field operator keep track of where they are in a procedure in case the operator becomes distracted during performance of the procedure. It may also be used to enter data via a touchscreen interface or other interface other than audio if desired. The graphical user interface, touchscreen interface, or other interface works in synchrony with the speech-based interface so that the user can move seamlessly back and forth between interaction modalities. In some embodiments, speech recognition may be performed at the mobile communication device or the controller 210.
FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C together form a chart 800 illustrating the interaction of a console operator with a field operator, facilitated by the use of a hands free mobile communication device using the system and method of performing procedures described above. In this example, a procedure has been initiated to handle a coker heater tube rupture in Coker C1234 as indicated in a notes column 810. A console operator column 820 provides instructions on a screen, in audio, or both to a console operator, usually residing in a control room. Completion for the console operator may be by button or audio if desired. Operator instructions and interactions are detailed in column 830, with an observed result indicated in column 840.
The console operator is first instructed to contact the field operator to inform him or her about the procedure that will be executed, and asks the field operator to confirm arrival at the Coker. The field operator confirms arrival and may be provided with an indication to wait for the next instruction. Waiting music may be provided, or further information regarding the procedure to be performed may be provided in various embodiment. The console operator then performs several operations responsive to instructions provided by execution of the procedure. Steps in chart 800 are numbered in the left most column. Once parameters reach a predetermined level as indicated in step 5a., a beep or other communication may be provided to the field operator to get ready to perform a task. The first task for the field operator is identified in an audible instruction to verify that a furnace has tripped to natural draft. The operator may reply with a confirmatory command, such as “OK”, or “Verified”.
As can be seen in this procedure, operations by the console operator and field operator transfer back and forth. In step 9, another operator may be asked to perform a task, followed by further instructions for the field operator in column 830. In a mixed manual-automated procedure, the automated control system may perform tasks as well, exchanging initiative as dictated by the procedure with the field and console operators.
A block diagram of a computer system that executes programming for performing the procedures is shown in FIG. 9. A general computing device in the form of a computer 910, may be specifically programmed, and may include a processing unit 902, memory 904, removable storage 912, and non-removable storage 914. Memory 904 may include volatile memory 906 and non-volatile memory 908. Computer 910 may include—or have access to a computing environment that includes—a variety of computer-readable media, such as volatile memory 906 and non-volatile memory 908, removable storage 912 and non-removable storage 914. Computer storage includes random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) & electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD ROM), Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of storing computer-readable instructions. Computer 910 may include or have access to a computing environment that includes input 916, output 918, and a communication connection 920. The computer may operate in a networked environment using a communication connection to connect to one or more remote computers. The remote computer may include a personal computer (PC), server, router, network PC, a peer device or other common network node, or the like. The communication connection may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN) or other networks.
Computer-readable instructions to execute methods and algorithms described above may be stored on a computer-readable medium such as illustrated at a program storage device 925 are executable by the processing unit 902 of the computer 910. A hard drive, CD-ROM, and RAM are some examples of articles including a computer-readable medium.
The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b) is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

## Claims

1. A system comprising:
a hands free mobile communication device; and
a controller programmed to cause the hands free mobile communication device to communicate audibly with a field operator performing field operations to instruct the operator regarding operations to be performed, receive oral communications from the operator, and to process the received oral communications and provide further instructions responsive to the received oral communications, wherein the controller further automatically recognizes oral commands from the operator and provides further instructions based on the state of a procedure being executed by an automated process control system, wherein the instructions further include one or more operations to be performed by the controller and wherein one or more of the instructions to the field operator is provided only after the one or more operations is performed by the controller.

2. The system of claim 1 and further comprising a storage device to store a program for execution by the controller, and wherein the state of the procedure being executed by the automated process control system includes a state of the program being executed by the controller.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the oral communications are recognized and converted to text commands and wherein the communication device is operable to receive and transmit non-oral input from the operator and switch seamlessly between oral and non-oral input modalities.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein one of the text commands causes recording of audible comments provided by the field operator to the mobile communication device.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the text commands further include done, pause, and resume commands operable while audible comments are being recorded.

6. The system of claim 4 wherein the content and procedural context of a comment is analyzed to identify a recipient of an electronic communication including the comment.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein keywords in the comment are used to identify the recipient, and the communication includes a context in which the comment is entered.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the context includes a name of a procedure being performed by the field operator at the time the comment is provided.

9. The system of claim 4 wherein a comment is analyzed to generate a work order as a function of the content of the comment, the work order including a request to perform an operation on an object indicated in a name of a procedure being performed by the field operator.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein the audible instructions provided to instruct the operator are synthesized speech generated from the instructions.

11. A method comprising:
providing audible instructions to a field operator via a hands free communication device in accordance with a procedure written in a machine readable form, wherein the audible instructions are generated as a function of a status of an action taken by a control system in accordance with the procedure;
receiving oral commands from the hands free mobile communication device as an operator performs the procedure in accordance with the audible instructions;
converting one or more of the oral commands to machine readable form to continue executing the procedure interactively via the hands free communication device;
converting one or more of the oral communications to text commands;
switching, at the hands free communication device, seamlessly between oral and non-oral input modalities;
recording audible comments provided by the field operator; and
analyzing content and a procedural context of a comment to identify a recipient of an electronic communication including the comment.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein some tasks are performed in parallel and other tasks are performed only after receiving oral commands indicating that a predetermined task, performed by a controller communicatively coupled to the hand free communication device, is completed.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein tasks are assigned to specific field operators and to the automated control system.

14. A machine readable device having instructions stored thereon to cause a machine to perform a method comprising:
providing audible instructions to a field operator via a hands free communication device in accordance with a procedure embodied in the instructions, wherein the audible instructions are generated as a function of a status of an action taken by a control system in accordance with the procedure;
receiving oral commands from the hands free mobile communication device;
converting the oral commands to machine readable form to coordinate performance of the procedure interactively via the hands free communication device;
converting one or more of the oral communications to text commands;
switching seamlessly between oral and non-oral input modalities;
recording audible comments provided by the field operator; and
analyzing content and a procedural context of a comment to identify a recipient of an electronic communication including the comment.

15. The machine readable device of claim 14 wherein some tasks are performed in parallel and other tasks are performed only after receiving oral commands indicating that a predetermined task is completed.

16. The machine readable device of claim 15 wherein tasks are assigned to specific field operators.