JOE WAYNE BELL,

Appellant,

v.

STATE OF FLORIDA,

Appellee.

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST DISTRICT, STATE OF FLORIDA

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO 

FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND 

DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED

CASE NO. 1D16-3324

_____________________________/

Opinion filed May 16, 2017.

An appeal from an order of the Circuit Court for Duval County.

Waddell A. Wallace, Judge.

Joe Wayne Bell, pro se, Appellant.

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, and Heather Flanagan Ross, Assistant 

Attorney General, Tallahassee, for Appellee.

PER CURIAM.

The appellant challenges the denial of his postconviction motion brought 

pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850. We affirm the trial court’s
2

denial of grounds one, two, four, and five without comment. We also affirm the 

denial of ground three insofar as it pertained to the sentence imposed for the 

appellant’s kidnapping conviction. With regard to the arguments in ground three

that pertain to the appellant’s sexual battery sentences, we reverse and remand. 

In ground three of his motion, the appellant argued in part that the trial court 

improperly imposed habitual violent felony offender (HVFO) sentences as to 

counts II through IV for his convictions of sexual battery with the use of physical 

force likely to cause serious personal injury. He alleged that this offense is a life 

felony and the offenses in this case were alleged to have been committed on 

February 9, 1996, during a time when it was not permissible to impose an HVFO 

sentence for a life felony. The trial court denied this claim, concluding that these

offenses were committed after the effective date of an amendment to the habitual 

offender statute that permitted the habitualization of life felonies.

Sexual battery with the use of physical force likely to cause serious personal 

injury is a life felony. See § 794.011(3), Fla. Stat. (1995). While it is true that the 

habitual offender statute was amended to apply to life felonies by chapter 95-182, 

Laws of Florida, effective October 1, 1995, that amendment was subsequently held 

to be unconstitutional. See Sims v. State, 997 So. 2d 1166, 1167 (Fla. 3d DCA 

2008). The window period for its unconstitutionality ran from October 1, 1995, 

through May 24, 1997. Id. (citing State v. Thompson, 750 So. 2d 643, 649 (Fla. 
3

1999)). The appellant’s offenses were committed within that window period.

Given this authority, the HVFO designation was not properly imposed as to the 

sexual battery convictions. 

In response to this Court’s Toler1 order, the state conceded that the HVFO 

designation should be stricken as to these offenses, but argued that the appellant is 

not entitled to a resentencing hearing because the striking of the designation is a 

ministerial act under the circumstances of this case. However, the striking of the 

HVFO designation in this case is not a ministerial act because the trial court will 

have discretion in imposing new sentences for these counts. See Jordan v. State, 

143 So. 3d 335, 339-40 (Fla. 2014) (concluding that a correction to the defendant’s 

sentence is not a ministerial act where the trial court has discretion in imposing a 

new sentence); Thompson v. State, 987 So. 2d 727, 729 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008) 

(concluding that while a defendant’s presence was not normally required for the 

striking of an HFO designation, in this case, “when the trial court deleted the HFO 

designation, there was no justification for a sentence above the guidelines”). 

Therefore, the appellant is entitled to be present and represented by counsel at a 

resentencing hearing. See Jones v. State, 61 So. 3d 1204, 1205 (Fla. 1st DCA 

2011).

Accordingly, on remand, the trial court should strike the HVFO designation 

 

1 Toler v. State, 493 So. 2d 489 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986).
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and fifteen-year mandatory minimum sentences as to the sexual battery counts and 

conduct a resentencing hearing as to these counts only. The appellant should be 

resentenced pursuant to the 1994 sentencing guidelines, as his offenses were 

committed during the time that the 1995 sentencing guidelines were deemed 

unconstitutional. See Hawkins v. State, 195 So. 3d 1196, 1197 (Fla. 1st DCA 

2016) (citing Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 2000), and Trapp v. State, 760 

So. 2d 924 (Fla. 2008)). The trial court will have discretion to impose upward 

departure sentences for these offenses if it provides written reasons. Id. See also

Wheeler v. State, 129 So. 3d 469, 469 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014).

AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED, and REMANDED in part for further 

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

ROBERTS, C.J., MAKAR, and JAY, JJ., CONCUR.