Linking the Economy and Environment of Florida Keys/Florida Bay

Technical Appendix: Sampling Methodologies

and Estimation Methods Applied

to the Survey of Monroe County Residents

October 1997

Vernon R. Leeworthy

and

Peter C. Wiley

Strategic Environmental Assessments Division

Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment

National Ocean Service

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Monroe County Tourist Development Council
i

Table of Contents

 Page

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

List of Exhibits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Chapter 1. Sampling Methodologies, Estimation Methods, and Sample Weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Survey Sampling Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Sample Weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Population of Monroe County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Tables for Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Chapter 2. Nonresponse Bias Analyses for the Mailback Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

 Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

 Activity Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

 Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

 Importance/Satisfaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Solution to the Problem of Nonresponse Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Tables for Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Chapter 3. Methods of Estimating Activity Participation and Intensity of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Activity Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Intensity of Use (Number of Days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

 Aggregation Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Tables for Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Exhibits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
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ii

Preface

This document was prepared to provide detailed documentation on how various measurements were

derived as reported for residents of Monroe County in “A Socioeconomic Analysis of the Recreation Activities

of Monroe County Residents in the Florida Keys/Key West” (Leeworthy and Wiley 1997). As a technical

appendix, this document is intended for researchers that want to do further analyses with the resident data

and for researchers that may want to replicate the study in the future.

Chapter 1 provides details on the sampling methodologies, methods for estimating the total number of

residents who participated in any outdoor recreation activity, and sample weighting. Chapter 2 provides

details on the results of analyses conducted to determine the existence of nonresponse bias in the mailback

survey. The corrections for nonresponse bias are included in the sample weighting explained in Chapter 1.

Chapter 3 documents the methods used to estimate participation rates and the total number of participants in

each activity by region. Chapter 3 also documents how intensity of use was estimated for a select list of 39

activities by region. Intensity of use was defined in terms of the number of separate days of activity.

All project data and documentation will be distributed on CD-ROM. To obtain copies contact:

Dr. Vernon R. (Bob) Leeworthy

Project Leader

N/ORCA1

1305 East West Highway, SSMCIV Rm. 9124

Silver Spring, MD 20910

telephone (301) 713-3000 ext. 138

fax (301) 713-4384

e-mail: bleeworthy@seamail.nos.noaa.gov

This document and all other project documents can be obtained on the World Wide Web at the following

address: http://www-orca.nos.noaa.gov/projects/econkeys/econkeys.html

Please note that it is a dash not a dot after www.
iii

List of Tables

 Table Title Page

A.1.1 Socioeconomic Profile of Residents of Monroe County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

A.1.2 Comparative Profiles of Participants and Nonparticipants in Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

A.1.3 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Activity Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

A.1.4 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Expenditures Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

A.1.5 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeconomic

 Group for the Importance/Satisfaction Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

A.1.6 Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate the Participation Rate to that of the

 Entire Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

A.1.7 Population in Households (1990, 1995-96) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

A.2.1 Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: Activity Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

A.2.2 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors:

 Activity Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

A.2.3 Variable Definitions for Multivariate Test of Response Rates to the Activity

 Section and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

A.2.4 Multivariate Tests of Response Rates to this Activity Section and Socioeconomic

 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

A.2.5 Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationship between Activity Participation and

 Socioeconomic Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

A.2.6 Tests of Relationships between Selected Aggregate Activity Variables and

 Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

A.2.7 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates to Expenses Section of

 Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

A.2.8 Variable Definitions for Multivariate Test of Response Rates to Expenses Section

 of Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

A.2.9 Multivariate Tests of Response Rates to the Expenses Section of the Mailback

 and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

A.2.10 Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationship between Expenditures and

 Socioeconomic Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

A.2.11 Tests of Relationships between Aggregate Expenditures and Socioeconomic

 Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

A.2.12 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates to Importance/Satisfaction

 Section of Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

A.2.13 Variable Definitions for Multivariate Test of Response Rates to

 Importance/Satisfaction Section of Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . .28

A.2.14 Multivariate Tests of Response Rates to the Satisfaction/Importance Section of

 the Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

A.2.15 Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationship between Satisfaction/Importance

 and Socioeconomic Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

A.2.16 Tests of Relationships between Selected Importance/Satisfaction Variables and

 Socioeconomic Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

A.2.17 A Comparison of Weighted and Unweighted Means for Selected Responses

 from the Mailback Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

A.3.1 Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Upper and Middle Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

A.3.2 Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys and Key West . . . . . . . . . .37

A.3.3 Total Annual Number of Days of Activity by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
vviip

iv

List of Figures

A.1.1 Monroe County Residents Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

A.1.2 Weighting Strategy for the Activity Participation, Expenditures and

 Importance/Satisfaction Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

List of Exhibits

 Exhibit Title Page

1. Monroe County Telephone Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

2. Monroe County Survey of Recreational Activities (Mailback Survey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

3. The Florida Keys/Key West (Map) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

4. Activities List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
1

Chapter 1. Sampling Methodologies, Estimation Methods, and Sample Weighting

Survey Sampling Methods

This survey of Monroe County residents used a combination telephone and mailback set of samples. The

telephone sample was selected using the random digit dialing method. During the July 8, 1996 to November

21, 1996 period, 4,455 calls were made to eligible households. About 66 percent completed the telephone

survey (2,936 households) (see Exhibit 1). To be eligible for the survey, a person had to be a permanent

resident of Monroe County and had to be at least 16 years of age. Only people living in households were

eligible. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census’s 1994 Current Population Survey, 98 percent of Monroe

County’s population lived in households, while the other two percent lived in group quarters. Among those

age 16 or older, the respondent in a household was selected for the interview using the “birthday rule”. The

“birthday rule” selects the person in the household that last celebrated their birthday.

The telephone survey gathered information on whether the respondent participated in any outdoor recreation

activities in either the Florida Keys or Everglades National Park during the past 12 months. The response to

this question was used to select the sub-sample eligible to receive a mail back survey questionnaire. The

telephone survey also included a socioeconomic profile of all residents, age 16 or older, (See Figure 1.1).

The socioeconomic profile provided for the comparison of the telephone sample with U.S. Census Bureau

data for Monroe County.

The mail back portion of the survey was conducted between August 8, 1996 and December 19, 1996. Three

follow-up efforts (two post card reminders and a full survey package) were conducted. The mail follow-up

included information on recreation activity participation in 66 activities and intensity of use (days of activity) for

37 activities in four regions of the Florida Keys. In addition, detailed information was obtained on spending for

outdoor recreation activities in

Monroe County while on their “last

trip or outing”, importance and

satisfaction ratings for 25 natural

resource attributes, facilities, and

services, and for 16 questions used

to construct the “environmental

concern index”.

The follow-up mail survey was sent

to only those that did any outdoor

recreation activities in the Florida

Keys and/or Everglades National

Park during the past 12 months

(82.29% of those completing the

telephone survey or 2,416 households) and that agreed to participate in the mail survey and provided their name and address

(82.86% of those that participated

in outdoor recreation activities or

2,001 households). Respondents

were sent a questionnaire (see

Exhibit 2), a map showing the four

regions of the Florida Keys (see

Exhibit 3), and an activity list with

the 66 recreation activities (see

Exhibit 4). About 32 percent or 632

households returned the mail back

questionnaires.

Telephone Survey

N=2936

Population: All Monroe County Households

Sample: 2,936 Monroe County Households

• Participation in any outdoor recreation 

activites in either the Florida Keys or 

Everglades National Park during the 

past 12 months

• Participation in any outdoor recreation 

activities in Florida Keys During the past 

12 months

• Participation in any outdoor recreation 

activities in Everglades National Park 

during the past 12 months

• Participation in any activities in Florida 

Bay portion of Everglades National Park 

during the past 12 months

• Profile of Residents (age, race/ethnicity, 

sex, household income, zip code of 

residence, employment status, 

education level, household size, years 

lived in Monroe County, work outside 

Monroe County, access to waterfront 

property, own a boat)

• Ratings of Quality of life in Monroe 

County

• Primary reason for locating in Monroe 

County

Mailback Survey

N=632

Population: All Monroe County Residents 

that participated in any outdoor 

recreation activities in the Florida Keys 

during the past 12 months

Sample: 632 Monroe County Residents 

that participated in outdoor recreation 

activities in the Florida Keys during the 

past 12 months and returned the 

mailback survey

• Participation in 66 activities in four 

regions of the Florida Keys

• Intensity of use (days of activity) for 37 

activities in four regions of the Florida 

Keys

• Expenditures on outdoor recreation in 

Monroe County

• Importance and satisfaction ratings of 

facilities and natural resource attributes 

in Florida Keys

• Environmental Concern Index

Figure A.1.1. Monroe County Residents Survey
2

Sample Weighting

Because variables collected in the telephone survey were needed in the analysis of the mailback data (e.g.

socioeconomic variables), the two datasets were merged into one. The weighting strategy used for this

dataset is complicated because there are several points at which bias could be introduced. There are three

stages of weights in this strategy and three categories for which these weights were calculated (activity

participation, expenditures and importance/satisfaction).

Stage 1. Only 66 percent of the eligible households completed the telephone survey. Most telephone surveys get participation rates around 70 percent, but this has been declining in recent years due to the rise of

the use of answering machines to screen calls. Relatively low response rates do not necessarily mean that

non-response bias exists, but it does increase the probability that the problem exists. To address this issue,

the U.S. Bureau of Census’s 1990 Census and 1994 Current Population Survey (CPS) were compared with

the 1996 FSU Survey profiles for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, household income, and household size.

There were significant differences between the Census data and the FSU Survey, especially for race/ethnicity,

education and household income. Residents with higher education levels and household income had higher

response rates. “Blacks not Hispanic” and “Hispanic” residents had lower response rates.

Several methods were explored for adjusting the survey data. The method that yielded profiles from the

telephone survey most similar to the Census data was that developed using the sample weight for education

level only. This weight is called WTFAC1 and it is the same for the analysis of activity participation, expenditures and importance/satisfaction. Table A.1.1 shows the socioeconomic profile of the residents of Monroe

County and profiles from the FSU Survey, both unweighted and weighted with the two methods investigated.

After sample weighting, the Hispanic population still appears to be under represented. However, much of this

might be accounted for in the “Other Category” for race/ethnicity. In reviewing the Census data for Monroe

County, it was discovered that all those that responded to the other category in the 1990 Census also said

they were of Hispanic descent.

Non-response Bias. The telephone survey yielded a sample that was significantly different from the general

population of Monroe County for several socioeconomic factors. If these factors also are related to question

response, then the potential for non response bias exists. Table A.1.2 presents a comparative profile of those

that did and did not participate in outdoor recreation activities in the Florida Keys. There are significant

differences for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, household income, employment status, and years lived in

Monroe County. This suggests the possibility of non response bias (for a complete discussion of non-response bias analysis, see Chapter 2). The telephone sample was adjusted to minimize non-response bias by

sample weighting. The impact of non response bias can be seen by comparing estimates of the participation

rate with and without sample weighting. Without sample weighting, the estimate of the percent of Monroe

County residents that participated in outdoor recreation in the Florida Keys was 82 percent versus the with

sample weighting estimate of 77 percent.

Stage 2. As mentioned earlier, survey non-response could occur in several separate stages. First, once a

respondent was identified as eligible for the mail survey, i.e. they participated in outdoor recreation activities,

they were then asked if they would participate in the mail survey. A “no” response here indicates a non

respondent to the mail survey. In the second stage, those that agreed to participate in the mail survey may

not, even after three follow-up attempts, have returned a completed mail back questionnaire. This later group

would also be coded as a non respondent to the mail survey. Finally, even if the respondent did return the

mailback questionnaire, they may not have provided useful data for all three sections. If the respondent did

not provide adequate answers to any of these three sections they were coded as non-respondents for the

purposes of that particular analysis.

The second stage of the weighting process is slightly different between the three categories because it is

based upon whether the respondent provided adequate answers to the particular sections. For example, an

individual could have provided activity participation data but failed to fill out the expenditures section, thus

making him a respondent in the activities category and a non-respondent in the expenditures category. Due

to the potential for non-response bias, a multivariate weighting method was used. The method used equilibrated the response rates for different socioeconomic groups to the response rates of the entire sample. Not
3

enough observations existed in each socioeconomic category so the categories were collapsed into ten (10)

socioeconomic groups, which were formed based on race/ethnicity, age and education. Sample weights

were derived by dividing the response rate of the entire sample by the response rates of each individual

socioeconomic group. These weights are called WTFAC2A, WTFAC2E and WTFAC2S for the activity

participation, expenditures and importance/satisfaction samples, respectivley. Table A.1.3 - A.1.5 shows the

ten socioeconomic groups, their corresponding response rates, and the sample weights derived to equilibrate

response rates across socioeconomic groups for activity participation, expenditures and importance satisfaction.

The next step was to multiply WTFAC1 by the WTFAC2 series of weights to get WTFAC3A, WTFAC3E and

WTFAC3S. To clarify, the data were divided into the three samples corresponding to the three sections of the

mailback questionnaire (e.g. activity participation, expnditures and importance/satisfaction). WTFAC3E is the

weighting factor used for estimating mean expenditures or mean expenditures per person day. WTFAC3S is

the weighting factor used for the importance/satisfaction ratings. WTFAC3A is used in stage three (3) described below.

Stage 3. The last stage in the weighting process only applies to the activity participation analysis. To perform

this analysis a sample was created that included those that participated in outdoor recreation activities and

were respondents to the activity section of the mailback questionnaire and those that did not participate in

outdoor recreation activities. The sample first had to be weighted to equilibrate the overall activity participation rate in this sample to that of the entire sample. This is done by dividing the percentages of participation

and non-participation of the sample used for the analysis by that of the entire sample. Table A.1.6 shows that

participation percentages and the weight factors used. This weight factor is called WTFAC4A.

The final step is to multiply WTFAC3A and WTFAC4A together to get WTFAC5. This is the weighting factor

used in estimating “activity specific” participation rates. For an overall picture of the weighting strategy see

Figure A.1.2.

Population of Monroe County

In Leeworthy and Wiley, (1996), estimates of outdoor recreation in 66 detailed outdoor recreation activities are

presented. This information was collected as part of the mail survey and information was collected for all

members of the household, that is, for residents of all ages. To estimate the total number of participants in

any outdoor recreation activity requires an estimate of the total Monroe County population. Since the FSU

Survey was limited to households, as well as the fact that the survey asked for participation during the past 12

months (corresponding to the year 1995-96), an estimate of the population living in households during the

time period 1995-96 was required. Table A.1.7 reports estimates from both the U.S. Bureau of Census’s 1990

Census and the updated estimates for the time period 1995-96.

For the 1995-96 time period, it is estimated that Monroe County had a total population of about 81,000. From

the 1994 Current Population Survey, 98 percent of Monroe County’s population was estimated to be living in

households. This yields an estimate of 79,830 people living in households corresponding to the 1995-96

period of the FSU Survey. This estimate is used in Chapter 2 for developing estimates of the total number of

participants in outdoor recreation activities in the Florida Keys.
4

Figure A.1.2. Weighting Strategy for the Activity Participation, Expenditures and Importance/Satisfaction Sections

Activity Participation

WTFAC1

Entire Sample

Equilibrates socioeconomic

breakdown of the sample to 

the population of Monroe 

County Based on the 1990

Census.

WTFAC1

Entire Sample

Equilibrates socioeconomic

breakdown of the sample to 

the population of Monroe 

County Based on the 1990

Census.

WTFAC1

Entire Sample

Equilibrates socioeconomic

breakdown of the sample to 

the population of Monroe 

County Based on the 1990

Census.

Expenditures Importance/Satisfaction

WTFAC2A

Sample of those who 

participated in outdoor 

recreation activities

Equilibrates the response 

rate of 10 socioeconomic 

groups to the response rate 

of the subsample of all 

participants

Non-participants

18%

Participants

82 %

Particpants

Nonrespondents

(Including those who participated 

but did not agree to receive a 

mailback, those who agreed to 

recieve a mailback and did not 

return it and those who returned 

their mailback but did not fill out 

the activity section.

27.0%

Respondents

73.0 %

WTFAC2E

Sample of those who 

participated in outdoor 

recreation activities

Equilibrates the response 

rate of 10 socioeconomic 

groups to the response rate 

of the subsample of all 

participants

Particpants

Nonrespondents

(Including those who participated 

but did not agree to receive a 

mailback, those who agreed to 

receive a mailback and did not 

return it and those who returned 

their mailback but did not fill out 

the Expenses section.

27.3%

Respondents

72.7 %

WTFAC2S

Sample of those who 

participated in outdoor 

recreation activities

Equilibrates the response 

rate of 10 socioeconomic 

groups to the response rate 

of the subsample of all 

participants

Particpants

Nonrespondents

(Including those who participated 

but did not agree to receive a 

mailback, those who agreed to 

receive a mailback and did not 

return it and those who returned 

their mailback but did not fill out 

the importance/satisfaction section.

28.7%

Respondents

71.3 %

WTFAC3A=WTFAC2A*WTFAC1 WTFAC3E=WTFAC2E*WTFAC1 WTFAC3S=WTFAC2S*WTFAC1

WTFAC4A

Sample of participants who 

respondented and non 

participants

Equilibrates ratio of participants to 

non-participants in sample of 

participants who responded and the 

entire sample.

Participants who responded and 

nonparticipants

NonParticipants

23%

Participants who responded

77 %

Non-participants

18%

Participants

82 %

Non-participants

18%

Participants

82 %

WTFAC5A=WTFAC4A*WTFAC3A
5

Table A.1.1. Socioeconomic Profile of Residents of Monroe County

1996 1996 1996

1990 FSU Survey FSU Survey FSU Survey

Characteristic Census (unweighted) (weighted)

 2 (weighted) 3

SEX

 Male 52.74 50.4 52.2 50.1

 Female 47.26 49.6 47.8 49.9

AGE

 16-24 11.18 9.4 15.6 12.7

 25-44 41.61 43.3 38.2 40.4

 25-64 28.26 33.8 25.1 31.3

 65+ 18.95 13.6 21.1 15.6

RACE/ETHNICITY

 White Not Hispanic 81.62 85.6 76.4 82.0

 Black Not Hispanic 4.99 3.6 7.5 5.2

 Hispanic 12.28 7.5 15.0 9.1

 Amer. Indian, Eskimo, Aleut 0.30 0.8 0.3 0.9

 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.76 0.7 0.8 0.7

 Other 0.05 1.8 0.0 1.9

EDUCATION

 8th grade or less 7.22 1.9 9.1 7.1

 9th - 11th grade 13.38 6.9 15.5 13.5

 High school graduate 29.75 27.3 29.3 29.8

 13 - 15 years 30.69 29.1 29 30.7

 College graduate 12.53 24.6 11.5 12.5

 Graduate school 6.43 10.1 5.6 6.4

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

 Less than $5,000 5.11 3.2 6.5 5.3

 $5,000 - $9,999 6.96 3.6 5.3 4.7

 $10,000 - $14,999 9.49 6.0 7.7 7.0

 $15,000 - $19,999 10.11 6.9 7.9 7.7

 $20,000 - $24,999 9.92 9.0 10.1 9.7

 $25,000 - $29,999 9.43 10.5 10.9 11.2

 $30,000 - $39,999 15.30 14.5 13.8 14.2

 $40,000 - $49,999 10.13 12.7 11.3 11.6

 $50,000 - $59,999 7.16 10.9 9.1 9.7

 $60,000 - $100,000 10.02 14.7 11.5 12.6

 Greater than $100,000 6.36 7.9 5.8 6.3

HOUSEHOLD SIZE (mean) 2.24 2.39 2.47 2.45

Work Outside Monroe 6.64 7.6 5.8 6.6

1. U.S. Bureau of the Census 1994 Current Population Survey (CPS)

2. Weighted for sex, age, race/ethnicity and education (see text).

3. Weighted for education (WTFAC1). This is the weight used 

 in the analysis (see text).
6

Table A.1.2. Comparative Profiles of Participants and Nonparticipants in Recreation

Participated in Recreation in Keys

Characteristic No Yes

SEX

 Male 39.0 52.7

 Female 61.0 47.3

AGE (age 16 and older)

 16-24 12.2 13.2

 25-44 21.2 46.8

 45-64 29.6 31.3

 65+ 36.9 8.7

 Mean 53.8 42.1

 Median 54.0 42.0

RACE/ETHNICITY

 White Not Hispanic 68.3 86.9

 Black Not Hispanic 12.5 2.6

 Hispanic 15.3 7.0

 Amer. Indian, Eskimo, Aleut 0.4 0.9

 Asian/Pacific Islander 1.4 0.5

 Other 2.2 2.1

EDUCATION

 8th grade of less 20.9 3.0

 9th - 11th grade 20.8 11.1

 High school graduate 31.8 28.0

 13 - 15 years 17.0 36.1

 College graduate 6.8 14.6

 Graduate school 2.7 7.2

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

 Less than $5,000 14.6 2.4

 $5,000 - $9,999 10.5 2.8

 $10,000 - $14,999 15.2 5.0

 $15,000 - $19,999 11.1 6.9

 $20,000 - $24,999 9.9 9.9

 $25,000 - $29,999 11.4 11.3

 $30,000 - $39,999 9.8 15.1

 $40,000 - $49,999 6.4 13.9

 $50,000 - $59,999 3.8 11.0

 $60,000 - $100,000 4.6 14.8

 Greater than $100,000 2.7 7.1

HOUSEHOLD SIZE (mean) 2.2 2.5

Work Outside Monroe 3.1 7.5

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

 Unemployed 10.8 6.1

 Employed - full-time 35.0 66.0

 Employed - part-time 8.7 6.8

 Retired 35.5 12.4

 Student 3.6 4.2

 Homemaker 4.1 2.4

 Self-employed 0.9 1.4

 Disabled 1.5 0.7

YEARS LIVED IN MONROE

 Less than 1 year 3.5 5.5

 1 to 5 years 15.0 29.5

 6 to 10 years 13.0 19.2

 11 to 20 years 21.9 26.1

 21 to 40 years 22.7 15.8

 41 + 23.8 4.0

ACCESS TO WATERFRONT

 FROM RESIDENCE 49.2 58.6

OWN A BOAT 16.1 51.9
7

Table A.1.3. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeocnomic

 Group for the Activity Section

Response (%) Sample Weights (WTFAC2)

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

Age 16-44 84.51 15.49 0.863803 1.743060

White

<11 Years of Education

Age 16-25 84.06 15.94 0.868427 1.693852

White

11-15 Years of Education

Age 16-44 67.70 32.30 1.078287 0.835913

White

16+ Years of Education

All Ages 90.64 9.36 0.805384 2.884615

Black

All Levels of Education

All Ages 83.83 16.17 0.870810 1.669759

Hispanic

All Levels of Education

All Ages 75.66 24.34 0.964843 1.109285

"Other" Race/Ethnicity

All levels of Education

Age 25-44 72.99 27.01 1.000137 0.999630

White

11-15 Years of Education

Age 45-64 67.48 32.52 1.081802 0.830258

White

<15 Years of Education

Age 45-64 60.00 40.00 1.216667 0.675000

White

>16 Years of Education

Age >65 73.22 26.78 0.996995 1.008215

White

All Levels of Education
8

Table A.1.4. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeocnomic

 Group for the Expenditures Section

Response (%) Sample Weights (WTFAC2)

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

Age 16-44 85.92 14.08 0.845554 1.942472

White

<11 Years of Education

Age 16-25 82.84 17.16 0.876992 1.593823

White

11-15 Years of Education

Age 16-44 67.98 32.02 1.068697 0.854154

White

16+ Years of Education

All Ages 88.41 11.59 0.821740 2.359793

Black

All Levels of Education

All Ages 83.81 16.19 0.866842 1.689314

Hispanic

All Levels of Education

All Ages 73.04 26.96 0.994660 1.014466

"Other" Race/Ethnicity

All levels of Education

Age 25-44 72.39 27.61 1.003592 0.990583

White

11-15 Years of Education

Age 45-64 66.93 33.07 1.085462 0.827034

White

<15 Years of Education

Age 45-64 61.37 38.63 1.183803 0.707999

White

>16 Years of Education

Age >65 71.87 28.13 1.010853 0.972272

White

All Levels of Education
9

Table A.1.5. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate Response Rates by Socioeocnomic

 Group for the Importance/Satisfaction Section

Response (%) Sample Weights (WTFAC2)

Socioeconomic Group No Yes No Yes

Age 16-44 85.92 14.08 0.829609 2.039773

White

<11 Years of Education

Age 16-25 82.84 17.16 0.860454 1.673660

White

11-15 Years of Education

Age 16-44 67.42 32.58 1.057253 0.881522

White

16+ Years of Education

All Ages 86.18 13.82 0.827106 2.078148

Black

All Levels of Education

All Ages 82.99 17.01 0.858899 1.688419

Hispanic

All Levels of Education

All Ages 73.04 26.96 0.975904 1.065282

"Other" Race/Ethnicity

All levels of Education

Age 25-44 71.80 28.20 0.992758 1.018440

White

11-15 Years of Education

Age 45-64 65.17 34.83 1.093755 0.824577

White

<15 Years of Education

Age 45-64 57.90 42.10 1.231088 0.682185

White

>16 Years of Education

Age >65 66.98 33.02 1.064198 0.869776

White

All Levels of Education
10

Table A.1.6. Derivation of Sample Weights to Equilibrate the Participation 

 Rate to that of the Entire Sample

Sample

Sample used Entire Weights

Participation for Anlysis1 Sample (WTFAC4)

Participated 51.60 23.00 0.445736

Did not Participate 48.40 77.00 1.590909

1. This is the sample of those who responded to the activity participation portion of

 the mailback questionnaire plus those that did not participate in outdoor

 recreation activities.

Table A.1.7. Population in Households (1990, 1995-96)

1990 1995-96

Census Census

Total Population (All Ages) 78,024 81,000 1

Number of Households 33,583 35,437

% of Population in Households 96.4 98.0

% of Population in Group Quarters 3.6 2.0

Population in Households 75,215 79,380

Population in Households

 Age 16 or older 63,384 66,679

1. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census reports

 population estimates for Monroe County of 81,152 as of 7/1/95

 and 80,730 as of 7/1/96. 81,000 is our estimate for 1995-96.
11

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12

Chapter 2. Nonresponse Bias Analyses for the Mailback Survey

Chapter 1 described the sampling methodologies used and the sample weighting methods applied to the

data. Here the focus is on analyses conducted to address the issue of nonresponse bias resulting from the

use of mailback surveys. Nonresponse bias occurs when the group that responds to the mailback survey is

different from the population for which you want to estimate certain measurements. The group that responds is different in that they have significantly different responses. For example, respondents to the

mailback survey might have higher average expenditures per person per trip for transportation. Applying the

higher average to all residents would result in an overestimate of lodging expenditures. This overestimation

would be referred to as nonresponse bias.

The approach used here for nonresponse bias had two steps. In step one, survey response rates were

related to various socioeconomic factors. The research question is ‘Are the residents that responded to the

mailback survey any different from those that did not respond?’ Step two determines whether there is a

relationship between socioeconomic factors and mailback question responses. For nonresponse bias to

exist requires not only that respondents to the mailback survey are different but that the same factors related

to whether the resident responded to the mailback are also related to mailback question responses. It is

shown here that there is some potential for nonresponse bias in all the mailback surveys but that the extent

of nonresponse bias would appear to be minimal. The importance/satisfaction section of the mailback had

the most potential for nonresponse bias. The sample weighting employed and described in Chapter 1

adjusts for the nonresponse bias by weighting the mailback samples to be representative of the population

of all residents. At the end of this Chapter, weighted and unweighted means for selected measurements

from each sample are compared to indicate the possible extent of nonresponse bias.

Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors.

Two approaches were used to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and response rates

to the mailback survey. First, univariate statistics were used to test for differences. Cross-tabulations were

run on response rates by age, education level, sex, race/ethnicity of the person interviewed, whether or not

the person interviewed owns a boat and household income (see Table A.2.1). Then univariate nonparametric tests were performed on each socioeconomic factor. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test was

used. This test tests for differences in the distributions of the socioeconomic factors between respondents

and nonrespondents. For the activity participation section, the expenditure section and the importance/

satisfaction section, statistically significant differences were found for age, education, whether or not the

resident owns a boat and household income (see Tables A.2.2, A.2.7 and A.2.12).

The second approach used was a set of multivariate tests. In this approach all socioeconomic factors are

regressed against the response variable (variable that represents whether the person responded to the

particular section of the mailback 1= yes 0=no). Tables A.2.3, A.2.8 and A.2.13 defines each of the variables

used in the analyses along with the arithmetic means of each variable for the sample used in the analysis.

Three equations were estimated: ordinary least squares, probit and logit. The three equations use dummy

variables for several of the socioeconomic factors. For household income, those with incomes under

$20,000 (INC20K) are in the constant term, and for race/ethnicity, Indian/Asian/Other are in the constant

term.

For all three sections of the mailback survey (activity participation, expenditures and importance/satisfaction), the three equations identify the same set of factors as being statistically significant in explaining

mailback survey response rates. Age and education of the respondent was positively related meaning that

older residents and those residents with more education had higher response rates. Owning a boat was

also positively related meaning that residents who own boats had higher response rates. Sex was negatively related meaning that male residents had lower response rates. Residents who did not provide income

had lower response rates than residents with annual household income less than $20,000. Residents who

had household incomes between $20,000 and $40,000 had higher response rates than those residents with

household incomes less than $20,000. The results of the multivariate tests confirm the findings from the

univariate tests except for sex which was not significant in the univariate tests.
13

Question Responses and Socioeconomic Factors.

Step one above showed that there is a relationship between several socioeconomic factors and survey

response rates. In this step, it is shown that there is also a relationship between some of these factors and

question responses.

Activity Participation. Table A.2.5 shows the definition and sample means for the aggregate activity variables

for which relationships were estimated. Simple linear regressions were estimated between these selected

aggregate activities and the various socioeconomic factors. Again, because of the use of dummy variables

interpretation is with respect to what is in the constant term. For household income, those with incomes

under $20,000 (INC20K) are in the constant term, and for race/ethnicity, Indian/Asian/Other are in the constant term.

Younger residents were more likely to participate in snorkeling, as were residents who were better educated,

who owned a boat, or who had household incomes between $20,000 and $40,000 or over $60,000 (see Table

A.2.6). Black and hispanic residents were less likely to participate in snorkeling.

The same socioeconomic factors were statistically significant in explaining participation in both scuba diving

and fishing from a boat. Again, younger residents were more likely to participate in scuba diving and fishing

from a boat, as were residents who were better educated, who owned a boat, or who had household incomes

between $20,000 and $40,000. Male residents and residents with household incomes over $100,000 were

also more likely to participate in scuba diving or fishing from a boat.

The relationship between fishing from shore and the socioeconomic factors in the model were less robust

(with a lower adjusted R2

 and a higher F-significance probability). Again younger residents, residents who

owned a boat and residents with household incomes between $60,000 and $100,000 were more likely to fish

from shore. Given these findings our conclusion is that the potential for nonresponse bias is significant for our

estimates on activity participation.

Expenditures. Table A.2.10 shows the definition and sample means for the level of expenditures for which

relationships were estimated. Simple linear regressions were estimated between these aggregate expenditures per person per day and the various socioeconomic factors. Again, because of the use of dummy

variables interpretation is with respect to what is in the constant term. For household income, those with

incomes under $20,000 (INC20K) are in the constant term, and for race/ethnicity, Indian/Asian/Other are in

the constant term.

The F-test probability values in these models tells us that the hypothesis that all the coefficients are equal to

zero cannot be rejected for all expenditures items except expenditures on other activities (OTHPPDK) (Table

A.2.11). In other words, no relationship between socioeconomic factors and any expenditure levels except

those on other activities was indicated. For expenditures on other activities, residents who own a boat had

lower average expenditures per person per day, holding other factors constant and hispanic residents had

higher average expenditures per person per day, holding other factors constant. Given these findings we

conclude the potential for nonresponse bias on our estimates of expenditures per person-day is extremely

small.

Importance/Satisfaction. Table A.2.15 shows the definition and sample means for selected importance/

satisfaction variables for which relationships were estimated. Simple linear regressions were estimated

between these selected importance/satisfaction variables and the various socioeconomic factors. Again,

because of the use of dummy variables interpretation is with respect to what is in the constant term. For

household income, those with incomes under $20,000 (INC20K) are in the constant term, and for race/

ethnicity, Indian/Asian/Other are in the constant term.

In these models, there were two variables for which the hypothesis that all the coefficients are equal to zero

cannot be rejected: importance rating on clear water (D26) and importance rating on quality of beaches (D44).

Again, no relationship between the importance rating on clear water or the quality of beaches and the socioeconomic variables in the model was indicated.
14

Older residents, female residents and those residents with a higher level of education had were more likely to

have higher satisfaction ratings on clear water (D1). Hispanic residents were more likely to have lower

satisfaction ratings on clear water. Female residents and residents with a higher level of education were more

likely to have higher satisfaction ratings on the opportunity to view large wildlife (D8) and on the quality of

beaches (D19) while residents who own a boat were less likely to have high satisfaction ratings on quality of

beaches. Residents with a higher education were less likely to have higher importance ratings on the opportunity to view large wildlife, while residents who own a boat are more likely to have a higher importance rating

on the opportunity to view large wildlife. Given these findings, we conclude that there is a potential for

nonresponse bias in selected importance/satisfaction scores.

Solution to the Problem of Nonresponse Bias

As was mentioned in the introduction to this Chapter and in Chapter 1, the solution chosen for adjusting for

nonresponse bias was a multivariate sample weighting method. The details of this sample weighting are

described in Chapter 1. Here the possible extent of nonresponse bias is assessed by comparing selected

measurements from each mailback survey and comparing weighted and unweighted means. Table A.2.17

shows the questions from each survey, their weighted and unweighted means, and the percent difference

between the weighted and unweighted means. This latter measure serves as an indicator of the potential

extent of nonresponse bias. Overall, only the activity participation of the mailback would seem to have the

potential for significant differences as a result of nonresponse bias. Expenditures would have been underestimated without adjusting for nonresponse bias by sample weighting. For the importance/satisfaction section,

there appear to be no significant differences between weighted and unweighted means suggesting very little

potential for nonresponse bias even without sample weighting.
15

Table A.2.1 Response Rates by Socioeconomic Factors: Activity Sample

Participant Respondent

Response Sample Sample

Socioeconomic Factor Rate Size Size

Age

16-24 13.08% 214 2 8 

25-44 23.55% 264 1,121

45-64 29.51% 820 2 4 2

over 65 20.66% 213 4 4 

Education

8th grade or less 11.11% 18 2 

9th grade - 11th grade 12.21% 131 1 6 

High school graduate 17.25% 603 1 0 4

Thirteen to fifteen years 26.18% 741 1 9 4

College graduate 26.35% 630 1 6 6

Graduate School 36.33% 267 9 7 

Sex

Male 22.81% 289 1,267

Female 25.80% 291 1,128

Own a boat

Yes 26.99% 342 1,267

No 21.08% 238 1,129

Race/ethnicity

American Indian 23.81% 21 5 

Asian/Pacific Islander 7.69% 13 1 

Black Not Hispanic 7.41% 54 4 

White Not Hispanic 25.36% 532 2,098

Hispanic 17.33% 150 2 6 

Other 17.07% 41 7 

Household Income

Under $20,000 16.38% 293 4 8 

$20,000 - $39,999 24.78% 690 1 7 1

$40,000 - $59,999 31.45% 512 1 6 1

$60,000 - $100,000 31.29% 326 1 0 2

Over $100,000 27.27% 176 4 8 
16

Table A.2.2 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates and Socioeconomic Factors1:

 Activity Sample

Statistical

Significance

Socioeconomic Factor of KS Test2 Significant3

Age 0.0001 YES

Education YES 0.0001

Sex 0.4646 NO

Own a boat YES 0.0069

Race/ethnicity NO 0.2360

Household Income YES 0.0002

1. The test used was the Kolmogorov - Smirnov Two-sample Test which

 tests the differences in the distribution of socioeconomic factors

 between YES and NO response groups.

2. Statistical significance of .01 means that the distribution of the socio-

 economic factor for respondents to the mailback survey was different 

 from those that did not respond at the 99 percent confidence level.

3. YES indicates distributions are different at .10 significance or the 90 

 percent confidence level.
17

Table A.2.3. Variable Definitions for Multivariate Test of Response Rates to the Activity Section 

 and Socioeconomic Factors

Variable Definition Mean (N=2,363)

1

RESPACT Responded to Activity Section of Mailback 1=yes 0=no 0.2442

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 43.1329

SEX Sex of Person Interviewed (1=male) 0.5324

Q12 Highest Level of Education Completed by the Person Interviewed 4.0956

Q8 Dummy Variable 1=Owns a Boat 0.5269

INCMISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1604

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1138

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.0351

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.0224

INCGT100 Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.0736

WHITE Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is White 0.8764

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0229

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0631

1. Total Sample size was 2,396 but six respondents did not provide their highest education level

 achieved and 28 respondents did not provide their age, so the means presented here are for the

 sample of 2,363 used in the multivariate tests.
18

Table A.2.4. Multivariate Tests of Response Rates to the Activity Section and

 Socioeconomic Variables

Ordinary

Least

Socioeconomic Factor Squares Logit Probit

Constant -0.0040025 -2.6405 -1.5269

(-0.067) (-7.336) *** (-7.550) ***

AGE 0.0012543 0.0078301 0.0044312

(2.029) * * (2.170) * * (2.096) * *

SEX - 0 . 0 4 5 8 6 2 - 0 . 2 5 8 4 3 - 0 . 1 5 4 2 0

(-2.617) * * (-2.608) * * (-2.652) * *

Q12 0.043402 0.25244 0.14696

(5.304) *** (5.339) *** (5.337) ***

Q8 0.057018 0.31541 0.17880

(3.207) * * (3.123) * * (3.024) * *

INCMISS -0.11121 -0.77503 -0.43019

(-4.529) *** (-4.643) *** (-4.731) ***

INC40K 0.071056 0.35458 0.21083

(2.525) * * (2.421) * * (2.376) * *

INC60K 0.013506 0.060467 0.037763

(0.283) (0.238) (0.248)

INC100K 0.095277 0.43137 0.26559

(1.611) (1.457) (1.469)

INCGT100 -0.018417 -0.11673 -0.060468

(-0.533) (-0.625) (-0.546)

WHITE 0.026043 0.16473 0.063341

(0.570) (0.599) (0.410)

BLACK -0.84364 -0.92848 -0.51921

(-1.157) (-1.572) (-1.723)

HISPANIC -0.027066 -0.1913 -0.14655

(-0.479) (-0.548) (-0.747)

Adjusted R-Square 0.04031 N/A N/A

F - significance 0.00000 N/A N/A

Restricted Log-liklihood -1356.4548 -1313.478 -1313.478

Chi-squared Significance N/A 0.00000 0.00000

N 2363 2363 2363

1. Dependent variable (RESPACT) is a dummy variable indicating whether the person 

 responded to the mailback 1=yes 0=no. Mean of the dependent variable is 0.2442.

 T-values are in parentheses under the estimated coefficient for each independent

 variable. * means the coefficient is significant at .10, ** means coefficient is 

 significant at .05, and *** means coefficient is significant at .001.
19

Table A.2.5. Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationship between Activity Participation

 and Socioeconomic Variables

Variable Definition Mean (N=1,145)

1

SNORK Dummy Variable 1=Participated in any Snorkeling 0.3249

SCUBA Dummy Variable 1=Participated in any Scuba Diving 0.1389

BFISH Dummy Variable 1=Participated in any Boat Fishing 0.2707

ACT14A Dummy Variable 1=Participated in any Fishing from Shore 0.1022

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 48.8166

SEX Sex of Person Interviewed (1=male) 0.4550

Q12 Highest Level of Education Completed by the Person Interviewed 3.9301

Q8 Owns a Boat (1=yes, 2=no) 0.4061

INCMISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1563

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1109

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.0297

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.0236

INCGT100 Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.0603

WHITE Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is White 0.8288

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0498

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0803

1. Sample size for all participants was 1,168 but missing information for AGE (18 observations) and 

 Q12 (9 observations) resulted in 1,145 observations for estimation.
20

Table A.2.6. Tests of Relationships between Selected Aggregate Activity Variables 

 and Socioeconomic Factors1

Independent Dependent Variables/Models

Variables SNORK SCUBA BFISH ACT14A

Constant 0.23390 0.10393 0.047547 0.13137

(2.945) * * (1.655) * (0.615) (2.284) * *

AGE - 0 . 0 0 5 6 9 0 7 - 0 . 0 0 3 7 0 1 2 - 0 . 0 0 2 8 8 6 4 - 0 . 0 0 2 1 6 6

(-7.878) *** (-6.482) *** (-4.106) *** (-4.140) ***

SEX 0.017296 0.058244 0.086488 0.011207

(0.701) (2.985) * * (3.601) *** (0.627)

Q12 0.065153 0.031425 0.035717 0.011991

(6.270) *** (3.826) *** (3.532) *** (1.593)

Q8 0.27841 0.14114 0.29102 0.077628

(10.746) *** (6.892) *** (11.544) *** (4.137) ***

INCMISS -0.056763 0.013097 -0.045487 -0.02672

(-1.638) (0.478) (-1.349) (-1.065)

INC40K 0.0985028 0.057901 0.65632 0.013751

(2.375) * * (1.831) * (1.686) * (0.475)

INC60K 0.069704 0.072714 0.049819 -0.47788

(0.961) (1.268) (0.706) (-0.909)

INC100K 0.13405 -0.033631 0.093704 0.20179

(1.662) * (-0.527) (1.194) (3.453) ***

INCGT100 0.1107 0.11403 0.13833 -0.049785

(2.114) * * (2.746) * * (2.706) * * (-1.309)

WHITE -0.00209 -0.00047943 0.069348 0.00086565

(-0.034) (-0.010) (1.153) (0.019)

BLACK -0.15411 -0.05597 -0.028380 -0.031974

(-1.903) * (-0.874) (-0.360) (-0.545)

HISPANIC -0.15413 -0.06519 -0.02582 -0.050049

(-2.096) * * (-1.122) (-0.361) (-0.940)

Adjusted R-Square 0.24055 0.12969 0.20116 0.0476

F - significance 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.02634

N 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, 

 ** means statistically significant at .05 and *** means statistically significant at .001.
21

Table A.2.7 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates to Expenses Section 

 of Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors1

Statistical

Significance

Socioeconomic Factor of KS Test2 Significant3

Age 0.0001 YES

Education YES 0.0001

Sex 0.5741 NO

Own a boat YES 0.0016

Race/ethnicity NO 0.3273

Household Income YES 0.0004

1. The test used was the Kolmogorov - Smirnov Two-sample Test which

 tests the differences in the distribution of socioeconomic factors

 between YES and NO response groups.

2. Statistical significance of .01 means that the distribution of the socio-

 economic factor for respondents to the mailback survey was different 

 from those that did not respond at the 99 percent confidence level.

3. YES indicates distributions are different at .10 significance or the 90 

 percent confidence level.
22

Table A.2.8. Variable Definitions for Multivariate Test of Response Rates to Expenses Section

 of Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors

Variable Definition Mean (N=2,363)

1

RESPEXP Responded to Expenses Section of Mailback 1=yes 0=no 0.2455

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 43.1329

SEX Sex of Person Interviewed (1=male) 0.5324

Q12 Highest Level of Education Completed by the Person Interviewed 4.0956

Q8 Own's a boat (1=yes 0=no) 0.5269

INCMISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1604

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1138

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.0351

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.0224

INCGT100 Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.0736

WHITE Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is White 0.8764

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.2290

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0631

1. Total Sample size was 2,396 but six respondents did not provide their highest education level

 achieved and 28 respondents did not provide their age, so the means presented here are for the

 sample of 2,363 used in the multivariate tests.
23

Table A.2.9. Multivariate Tests of Response Rates to the Expenses Section of the Mailback

 and Socioeconomic Factors

Ordinary

Least

Socioeconomic Factor Squares Logit Probit

Constant 0.019831 -2.4896 -1.4443

(0.333) (-7.013) *** (-7.205) ***

AGE 0.0013818 0.0085195 0.0048341

(2.231) * * (2.370) * * (2.297) * *

SEX - 0 . 0 4 5 3 4 6 - 0 . 2 5 3 7 9 - 0 . 1 4 9 1 7

(-2.583) * * (-2.565) * * (-2.569) * *

Q12 0.038042 0.22090 0.12950

(4.640) *** (4.694) *** (4.716) ***

Q8 0.063653 0.35194 0.20063

(3.573) *** (3.484) *** (3.392) ***

INCMISS -0.122274 -0.86428 -0.47661

(-4.989) *** (-5.072) *** (-5.188) ***

INC40K 0.063418 0.31714 0.18839

(2.249) * * (2.159) * * (2.121) * *

INC60K 0.025224 0.11799 0.072610

(0.527) (0.469) (0.480)

INC100K 0.094989 0.42932 0.26085

(1.603) (1.453) (1.439)

INCGT100 0.010975 0.030599 0.025704

(0.317) (0.168) (0.236)

WHITE 0.015422 0.096804 0.022763

(0.337) (0.359) (0.149)

BLACK -0.075786 -0.74242 -0.40160

(-1.037) (-1.364) (-1.424)

HISPANIC -0.036945 -0.25531 -0.18140

(-0.652) (-0.740) (-0.933)

Adjusted R-Square 0.03986 N/A N/A

F - significance 0.00000 N/A N/A

Restricted Log-liklihood -1360.5956 -1316.857 -1316.857

Chi-squared Significance N/A 0.00000 0.00000

N 2363 2363 2363

1. Dependent variable (RESPEXP) is a dummy variable indicating whether the person 

 responded to the mailback 1=yes 0=no. Mean of the dependent variable is 0.2455.

 T-values are in parentheses under the estimated coefficient for each independent

 variable. * means the coefficient is significant at .10, ** means coefficient is 

 significant at .05, and *** means coefficient is significant at .001.
24

Table A.2.10. Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationship between Expenditures

 and Socioeconomic Variables

Variable Definition Mean (N=466)

1

LODGPPDK Expenditures on Lodging Per Person Per Day - Keys 14.7508

FOODPPDK Expenditures on Food Per Person Per Day - Keys 20.1534

TRANPPDK Expenditures on Transportation Per Person Per Day - Keys 4.8030

BOATPPDK Expenditures on Boating Per Person Per Day - Keys 17.2363

FISHPPDK Expenditures on Fishing Per Person Per Day - Keys 7.8038

DIVPPDK Expenditures on Diving Per Person Per Day - Keys 1.4046

SIGHPPDK Expenditures on Sightseeing Per Person Per Day - Keys 3.2987

OTHPPDK Expenditures on Other Activities Per Person Per Day - Keys 2.4848

MISCPPDK Expenditures on Miscellaneous Per Person Per Day - Keys 11.9421

SERVPPDK Expenditures on Services Per Person Per Day - Keys 1.5473

TOTPPDK Total Expenditures on Lodging Per Person Per Day - Keys 85.425

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 44.0258

SEX Sex of Person Interviewed (1=male) 0.4914

Q12 Highest Level of Education Completed by the Person Interviewed 4.3712

Q8 Own a boat (1=yes 0=no) 0.5901

INCMISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.0858

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1609

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.0429

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.0300

INCGT100 Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.0901

WHITE Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is White 0.9185

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0043

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0451

1. Sample size for all participants was 587 but missing information for AGE (2 observations) and 

 Q12 (1 observation), LODGPPDK (84 observations), FOODPPDK (84 observations), 

 TRANPPDK (101 observations), BOATPPDK (84 observations), FISHPPDK (84 observations),

 DIVPPDK (84 observations), SIGHPPDK (84 observations), OTHPPDK (84 observations),

 MISCPPDK (84 observations), SERVPPDK (121 observations), TOTPPDK (121 observations)

 resulted in 466 observations for estimation.
25

Table A.2.11. Tests of Relationships between Aggregate Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors1

Independent Dependent Variables/Models

Variables LODGPPDK FOODPPDK TRANPPDK BOATPPDK FISHPPDK DIVPPPDK

Constant -33.576 37.167 602108 25.193 3.8010 1.0081

(-0.438) (3.153) * * (1.678) * (1.580) (0.452) (0.347)

AGE - 1 . 1 6 1 1 - 0 . 1 7 6 9 8 - 0 . 0 2 2 6 1 2 - 0 . 1 2 6 0 6 0.12583 -0.048673

(-1.371) (-1.360) (-0.554) (-0.716) (1.355) (-1.516)

SEX 28.952 -3.4485 0.18798 3.5406 -0.19489 -1.0808

(1.359) (-1.053) (0.183) (0.800) (-0.083) (-1.338)

Q12 18.514 -3.1699 -0.58462 -1.9372 -1.6389 0.47058

(1.837) (-2.048) * * (-1.203) (-0.925) (-1.484) (1.232)

Q8 21.712 0.19200 -1.4379 6.9699 1.8468 -0.80558

(0.990) (0.057) (-1.359) (1.529) (0.768) (-0.969)

INCMISS -16.648 -10.289 -0.77353 -5.8026 -4.8005 0.32900

(-0.435) (-1.751) * (-0.419) (-0.730) (-1.145) (0.227)

INC40K -23.782 2.1448 0.50198 -1.6004 -3.0206 -0.27882

(-0.805) (0.473) (0.353) (-0.261) (-0.933) (-0.249)

INC60K -41.630 3.2951 1.8931 13.355 1.7356 0.13346

(-0.788) (0.406) (0.743) (1.217) (0.300) (0.067)

INC100K -23.841 25.640 -1.9797 0.44160 -8.1875 -1.7057

(-0.386) (2.701) * * (-0.664) (0.034) (-1.208) (-0.728)

INCGT100 -32.376 0.19739 0.85491 15.899 -5.5558 -1.3843

(-0.854) (0.034) (0.468) (2.019) * * (-1.337) (-0.963)

WHITE 2.8183 6.3547 2.7883 -0.72554 6.2224 1.5227

(0.047) (0.690) (0.964) (-0.058) (0.947) (0.670)

BLACK -0.24468 -10.606 1.0940 -17.396 8.5273 10.119

(0.001) (-0.405) (0.133) (-0.491) (0.456) (1.565)

HISPANIC -9.6009 0.73307 4.8958 -6.9696 10.023 5.1878

(-0.125) (0.062) (1.325) (-0.438) (1.194) (1.787) *

Adjusted R-Square -0.00958 0.01515 -0.01178 0.00083 -0.00366 0.0095

F - significance2 0.81509 0.08941 0.88211 0.41767 0.58976 0.17594

N 466 4 6 6 4 6 6 4 6 6 4 6 6 4 6 6 

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, 

 ** means statistically significant at .05 and *** means statistically significant at .001.

2. Interpretation: This test tells us that the hypothesis that all the coefficients are equal to zero cannot be rejected for 

 all expenditure items except expenditures on other activities (OTHPPDK).
26

Table A.2.11. Tests of Relationships between Aggregate Expenditures and Socioeconomic Factors1 (Continued)

Independent Dependent Variables/Models

Variables SIGHPPDK OTHPPDK MISCPPDK SERVPPDK TOTPPDK

Constant -0.40783 2.078 19.010 1.4694 61.954

(-0.078) (0.694) (1.673) * (0.500) (0.718)

AGE 0.092141 0.0052080 0.10920 0.0037371 -1.1993

(1.589) (0.157) (0.871) (0.115) (-1.258)

SEX - 1 . 8 7 0 8 - 0 . 7 5 4 8 4 - 3 . 6 8 4 3 - 1 . 3 6 9 4 20.277

(-1.282)_ (-0.907) (-1.168) (-1.678) * (0.846)

Q12 -0.28184 -0.14100 -1.7614 -0.20271 9.2667

(-0.408) (-0.358) (-1.181) (-0.525) (0.817)

Q8 - 2 . 9 3 9 5 - 1 . 9 9 4 7 - 4 . 8 7 3 4 0.79649 19.466

(-1.957) * (-2.329) * * (-1.500) (0.948) (0.789)

INCMISS -2.4244 -2.1613 -1.1988 -1.2041 -44.973

(-0.926) (-91.447) (-0.212) (-0.822) (-1.045)

INC40K -0.40343 -0.22002 -5.0421 -0.58769 -32.288

(-0.200) (-0.191) (-1.153) (-0.520) (-0.972)

INC60K 2.1503 -0.79150 0.34882 2.1325 -17.378

(0.594) (-0.384) (0.045) (1.054) (-0.292)

INC100K -3.4235 -2.7448 -2.1112 3.6667 -14.245

(-0.809) (-1.138) (-0.231) (1.549) (-0.205)

INCGT100 2.1681 -0.39590 0.72017 3.8485 -16.024

(0.835) (-0.268) (0.128) (2.651) * * (-0.376)

WHITE 3.7519 2.4621 1.3393 0.70924 27.243

(0.914) (1.052) (0.151) (0.309) (0.404)

BLACK 11.569 4.9616 14.898 0.90228 23.825

(0.991) (0.745) (0.590) (0.138) (0.124)

HISPANIC 2.8542 9.5956 2.5311 -0.078630 19.172

(0.544) (3.209) * * (0.223) (-0.027) (0.222)

Adjusted R-Square -0.00362 0.02836 -0.00948 0.00973 -0.154

F - significance2 0.58806 0.01412 0.81173 0.17151 0.95875

N 466 4 6 6 4 6 6 4 6 6 4 6 6 

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, 

 ** means statistically significant at .05 and *** means statistically significant at .001.

2. Interpretation: This test tells us that the hypothesis that all the coefficients are equal to zero cannot be rejected for 

 all expenditure items except expenditures on other activities (OTHPPDK).
27

Table A.2.12 Univariate Non-parametric Test of Response Rates to Importance/Satisfaction 

 Section of Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors1

Statistical

Significance

Socioeconomic Factor of KS Test2 Significant3

Age 0.0001 YES

Education YES 0.0001

Sex 0.3254 NO

Own a boat YES 0.0074

Race/ethnicity NO 0.2811

Household Income YES 0.0006

1. The test used was the Kolmogorov - Smirnov Two-sample Test which

 tests the differences in the distribution of socioeconomic factors

 between YES and NO response groups.

2. Statistical significance of .01 means that the distribution of the socio-

 economic factor for respondents to the mailback survey was different 

 from those that did not respond at the 99 percent confidence level.

3. YES indicates distributions are different at .10 significance or the 90 

 percent confidence level.
28

Table A.2.13. Variable Definitions for Multivariate Test of Response Rates to Satisfaction/Importance 

 Section of Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors

Variable Definition Mean (N=2,363)

1

RESPSAT Responded to Satisfaction/Importance Section of Mailback 1=yes 0=no 0.2586

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 43.1329

SEX Sex of Person Interviewed (1=male) 0.5324

Q12 Highest Level of Education Completed by the Person Interviewed 4.0956

Q8 Own a boat (1=yes 0=no) 0.5269

INCMISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.1604

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1138

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.0351

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.0224

INCGT100 Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.0736

WHITE Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is White 0.8764

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0229

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0631

1. Total Sample size was 2,396 but six respondents did not provide their highest education level

 achieved and 28 respondents did not provide their age, so the means presented here are for the

 sample of 2,363 used in the multivariate tests.
29

Table A.2.14. Multivariate Tests of Response Rates to the Satisfaction/Importance 

 Section of the Mailback and Socioeconomic Factors.1

Ordinary

Least

Socioeconomic Factor Squares Logit Probit

Constant -0.015666 -2.6664 -1.5509

(-0.259) (-7.536) *** (-7.755) ***

AGE 0.0021007 0.012380 0.0071524

(3.338) *** (3.513) *** (3.450) ***

SEX - 0 . 0 5 0 8 5 7 - 0 . 2 7 7 2 8 - 0 . 1 6 5 8 6

(-2.851) * * (-2.846) * * (-2.884) * *

Q12 0.040789 0.23017 0.13530

(4.897) *** (4.971) *** (4.972) ***

Q8 0.058266 0.30986 0.17653

(3.219) * * (3.122) * * (3.016)

INCMISS -0.12154 -0.81208 -0.45005

(-4.863) *** (-4.971) *** (-5.029) * *

INC40K 0.067599 0.32841 0.19740

(2.360) * * (2.263) * * (2.238) *

INC60K 0.010498 0.045724 0.030332

(0.216) (0.182) (0.200)

INC100K 0.078465 0.34668 0.21528

(1.303) (1.171) (1.192)

INCGT100 -0.00060145 -0.028722 -0.0097051

(-0.017) (-0.158) (-0.073)

WHITE 0.02922 0.17701 0.070457

(0.628) (0.656) (0.462)

BLACK -0.055163 -0.53407 -0.29822

(-0.743) (-1.040) (-1.092)

HISPANIC -0.026817 -0.19097 -0.14440

(-0.466) (-0.556) (-0.744)

Adjusted R-Square 0.04254 N/A N/A

F - significance 0.00000 N/A N/A

Restricted Log-liklihood -1401.3922 -1350.586 -1350.586

Chi-squared Significance N/A 0.00000 0.00000

N 2363 2363 2363

1. Dependent variable (RESPSAT) is a dummy variable indicating whether the person 

 responded to the mailback 1=yes 0=no. Mean of the dependent variable is 0.2586.

 T-values are in parentheses under the estimated coefficient for each independent

 variable. * means the coefficient is significant at .10, ** means coefficient is 

 significant at .05, and *** means coefficient is significant at .001.
30

Table A.2.15. Variable Definitions for Tests of Relationship between Importance/Satisfaction

 and Socioeconomic Variables

Variable Definition Mean (N=439)

1

D1 Satisfaction Rating Clear Water (scores 1 to 5) 4.5376

D8 Satisfaction Rating Opportunity to View Large Wildlife 3.9499

D19 Satisfaction Rating Quality of Beaches 4.2733

D26 Importance Rating Clear Water 3.4100

D33 Importance Rating Opportunity to View Large Wildlife 3.1503

D44 Importance Rating Quality of Beaches 2.8907

AGE Age of Person Interviewed 44.9727

SEX Sex of Person Interviewed (1=male) 0.5103

Q12 Highest Level of Education Completed by the Person Interviewed 4.3622

Q8 Own a boat (1=yes 0=no) 0.5991

INCMISS Dummy Variable 1=Household Income Missing 0.0866

INC40K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $20,000 - $39,999 0.1435

INC60K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $40,000 - $59,999 0.0456

INC100K Dummy Variable 1=Household Income $60,000 - $100,000 0.0433

INCGT100 Dummy Variable 1=Household Income over $100,000 0.0797

WHITE Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is White 0.9203

BLACK Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Black 0.0068

HISPANIC Dummy Variable 1=Race/ethnicity is Hispanic 0.0433

1. Total Sample size was 615 but missing information for AGE (3 observations),

 Q12 (1 observation), D1 (29 observations), D8 (42 observations), D19 (32 observations),

 D26 (34 observations), D33 (105 observations) and D44 (84 observations).
31

Table A.2.16. Tests of Relationships between Selected Importance/Satisfaction Variables and Socioeconomic Factors1

Independent Dependent Variables/Models

Variables D1 D8 D19 D26 D33 D44

Constant 4.1282 4.0669 5.1018 4.0289 3.5184 3.2747

(14.937) *** (9.708) *** (14.319) *** (11.457) *** (9.441) *** (8.462) ***

AGE 0.0080126 0.0033289 -0.0033394 -0.0067172 0.00052897 -0.0021908

(2.756) * * (0.755) (-0.891) (-1.816) * (0.135) (-0.538)

SEX - 0 . 1 4 6 8 5 - 0 . 3 2 3 7 7 - 0 . 2 4 2 3 5 0.072354 0.087831 -0.069780

(-1.985) * * (-2.887) * * (-2.541) * * (0.769) (0.880) (-0.674)

Q12 0.12131 0.093607 0.013170 -0.097890 -0.10205 -0.078427

(3.422) *** (1.742) * (0.288) * (-2.170) * * (-2.135) * * (-1.580)

Q8 - 0 . 0 3 6 3 3 0 - 0 . 1 6 5 1 2 - 0 . 3 7 1 0 1 - 0 . 0 7 4 2 4 5 0.28500 0.18078

(-0.468) (-1.404) (-3.710) *** (-0.752) (2.725) * * (1.664) *

INCMISS 0.00052146 -0.17758 -0.016684 -0.010877 0.25270 0.30519

(0.004) (-0.878) (-0.097) (-0.064) (1.404) (1.633)

INC40K 0.080911 0.15293 0.041436 -0.051540 -0.22781 -0.040263

(0.752) (0.937) (0.299) (-0.376) (-1.569) (-0.267)

INC60K -0.24448 -0.16937 -0.25219 0.058969 -0.18916 -0.068487

(-1.371) (-0.627) (-1.097) (0.260) (-0.787) (-0.274)

INC100K -0.12469 -0.037705 0.052850 -0.24394 -0.10783 -0.021578

(-0.686) (-0.137) (0.226) (-1.055) (-0.440) (-0.085)

INCGT100 0.15627 -0.027791 -0.50747 -0.066406 0.15400 0.29257

(1.121) (-0.132) (-2.823) * * (-0.374) (0.819) (1.499)

WHITE -0.39849 -0.41979 -0.35149 0.13304 -0.16380 -0.062071

(-1.828) (-1.271) (-1.251) 0.480) (-0.557) (-0.203)

BLACK -0.34185 -0.20374 -0.54506 0.78765 -0.33688 0.66389

(-0.700) (-0.275) (-0.865) (1.267) (-0.511) (0.970)

HISPANIC -0.50660 -0.42090 -0.40307 0.26542 0.061158 -0.079346

(-1.828) * (-1.002) (-1.128) (0.753) (0.164) (-0.205)

Adjusted R-Square 0.04822 0.01548 0.06629 0.00888 0.0239 0.00392

F - significance 0.00088 0.09619 0.00004 0.19984 0.03331 0.32247

N 439 4 3 9 4 3 9 4 3 9 4 3 9 4 3 9 

1. T-values in parentheses under the estimated coefficient. * means statistically significant at .10, 

 ** means statistically significant at .05 and *** means statistically significant at .001.
32

Table A.2.17 A Comparison of Weighted and Unweighted Means for Selected

 Responses from the Mailback Questionnaire

Weighted vs.

Unweighted

Weighted Unweighted Percent

Section/Variable Mean Mean Difference

Activity Participation

 SNORK 0.453018 0.371062 18.09

 SCUBA 0.166541 0.136130 18.26

 BFISH 0.392390 0.298836 23.84

 ACT14A 0.196301 0.161884 17.53

Expenditures

 LODGPPDK 4.594031 5.051203 -9.95

 FOODPPDK 27.166546 24.290747 10.59

 TRANPPDK 7.309684 6.310223 13.67

 BOATPPDK 20.16106 18.186299 9.79

 FISHPPDK 9.582437 8.001403 16.50

 DIVPPDK 1.531317 1.313341 14.23

 SIGHPPDK 3.533575 3.571501 -1.07

 OTHPPDK 2.971713 3.094177 -4.12

 MISCPPDK 18.31235 15.216945 16.90

 SERVPPDK 3.620703 1.547261 57.27

 TOTPPDK 98.783416 86.583100 12.35

Importance/Satisfaction

 D1 4.398946 4.518771 -2.72

 D8 3.766983 3.830716 -1.69

 D19 4.262237 4.233276 0.68

 D26 3.499417 3.421687 2.22

 D33 3.205729 3.172549 1.04

 D44 3.004816 2.902072 3.42
33

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34

Chapter 3. Methods of Estimating Activity Participation and Intensity of Use

This Chapter addresses the methods used for estimating activity participation and intensity of use. Participation includes estimates of participation rates (the percent of residents who did an activity) and the number of

residents who did the activity. Estimates are made by activity and region. Intensity of use includes estimates

of the number of different days of activity. As with participation, estimates are made by activity and region.

The results of this estimation are presented in “A Socioeconomic Analysis of the Recreation Activities of

Monroe County Residents in the Florida Keys/Key West” (Leeworthy and Wiley, 1997). Here the methods

used to derive those estimates are documented and the estimation is extended to cover activities not reported

in the socioeconomic analysis.

Activity Participation

The estimates provided in Leeworthy and Wiley, 1997 are of activity participation by residents over the 12

month period, June 1995 - May 1996. Information was first obtained for a randomly chosen person, age 16 or

older, in the household the “respondent”). The birthday rule was used to randomly select the respondents, i.e.

the person in the household, age 16 or older, that last celebrated their birthday. Information was gathered on

the respondent’s activity participation and annual number of days of each activity in each region. Second,

activity participation was also obtained on all other individuals in the household, i.e. individuals of all ages.

So, although there were 582 randomly chosen individuals within 582 households that provided adequate

survey responses to the activity section of the mailback, information on activity participation was obtained on

1,126 residents of all ages living in the 582 households.

Participation in 66 activities (see Exhibit 3) in four regions (Upper Keys, Middle Keys, Lower Keys, Key West),

(see Exhibit 2 for a map showing the region definitions) for the two seasons was obtained1

. Two types of

participation rates were calculated. The first was the percent of all residents of Monroe County who participated in an activity in a region. This was calculated by summing across all residents, living in the sampled

households, who did the activity in the region divided by the sum of all residents living in the sampled households. When this participation rate is multiplied by the number of all residents of Monroe County, an estimate

is obtained for the number of residents who did an activity in the region.

The second type of participation rate calculated was the “within region participate rates.” These participation

rates are the percent of residents who participated in a particular region. These participation rates were

calculated by summing the number of sampled residents who did any activity in the region by the sum of

sampled residents who visited the region; for example, the answer to the question, Of all the residents that

participated in outdoor recreation in the Upper Keys, what percent participate in snorkeling?

It is important to note that in deriving the estimates of activity participation rates that sample weights were

used to ensure that the sample of residents of all ages were representative of the population of residents.

Chapter 1 discussed the derivation of these activity sample weights.

Estimates for activity participation by region for the complete list of 66 activities can be found in the appendix

of “A Socioeconomic Analysis of the Recreation Activities of Monroe County Residents in the Florida Keys/

Key West” (Leeworthy and Wiley, 1997). Also, presented in this report were participation rates for 41 Aggregated Activities formulated from the list of 66 activities. Estimates for the 41 aggregated activities were done

to ensure against double-counting. One cannot add either participation rates or number of participants by

activity because residents can and do engage in multiple activities. Participation rates and number of participants were estimated for the 41 aggregated activities without double-counting.

Intensity of Use (Number of Days)

Participation rates combined with estimates of the number of residents allowed for the estimation of the

number of residents who did an activity, in a given region. For some purposes, measurements of the intensity

of activities are also needed. For example, assessing the need for recreation facilities. The measure of

intensity of use used in this analysis is the number of separate days the person did the activity.
35

The general approach used was to first estimate the average number of days of a given activity in each

region. The average number of days was then multiplied by the number of residents who did the activity in

the region.

Days information was obtained from the activities section of the mailback survey (see Exhibit 4). Information

on the number of days of participation in each activity for each region was asked for only 37 of the 66 activities for which participation was estimated. These 37 activities are identified by an “A” suffix attached to the

activity number (see Exhibit 3).

In order to consider an estimate reliable, a minimum sample size of 25 observations per activity, per region

was needed. Generally, we were not able to achieve the minimum sample size for activities that had low

participation rates. Estimates have been made for the 39 activities, in each region. Sample averages were

used irrespective of sample size and when there was no information available a value of zero (0.00) day was

used for the average days. The sample averages, standard errors of the mean, the number of observations

and documentation of outliers dropped2 for each of the 39 activities, for each region are summarized in Tables

A.3.1 and A.3.2 for days. Estimates of total annual number of days by activity and region are obtained by

multiplying the estimated averages of the annual number of days by activity and region found in Tables A.3.1

and A.3.2 by the number of participants found in Tables A.2.2 and A.2.3 on pages 35-36 in Leeworthy and

Wiley, 1997. Days are then added across regions to get the “All Keys” totals for each activity. Days in subactivity categories are added up to get aggregate activity totals (e.g. All Snorkeling Days in the Upper Keys is

equal to Charter/Party + Rental Boat + Private Boat + Shore days in the Upper Keys). Table A.3.3 summarizes the total annual number of days by region. Table A.3.3 here corresponds to Table A.2.9, page 42 of

Leeworthy and Wiley, 1997.

Aggregation Issues. In adding days across activities, especially within regions, there may be a certain

amount of double-counting. This may be a significant problem for the number of days, since in a given day,

one is more likely to have engaged in multiple activities. The problem of double-counting would also be

expected to be less when adding within a given activity (e.g. snorkeling) across type of boat (e.g. charter/

party, rental, and private). The problem would be even less when adding across regions for a given activity.

Where the problem of double-counting is greatest is when one attempts to add across entirely different

activities. For example, attempting to add snorkeling and scuba diving days for a given region may include a

relatively high amount of double-counting. A good indication of this is activity participation numbers where

comparisons can be made between the number of participants who did snorkeling and the number who did

scuba diving for a given region with the number of participants who did either snorkeling or scuba diving but

for which double-counting has been eliminated. This should provide a guide to the extent of possible doublecounting.

Endnotes

1. The FSU Survey Research Center retyped the activity list and left out two activities (601 A Personal watercraft - private and 700 A Sailing charter/party boat (pay operation)). So for the visitors survey, information

on 68 activities was collected but for this analysis, information was collected for only 66 activities.

2. The documentation of outliers column includes two numbers. The first number is the values or range of

values dropped. The second number is the number of observations dropped. Outliers were defined as any

observation which accounted for 10 percent or more of the sample sum.
36

Table A.3.1. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Upper and Middle Keys

Upper Keys Middle Keys

Mean Std. Error2 n Outliers1 Mean Std. Error2 n Outliers1

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 4.1 3.1993 10 ≥20; 3 4.4 3.8545 5 ≥20; 3

Rental Boat 2.0 0.4472 6 None 4.3 2.1360 4 None

Private Boat 14.2 1.3840 104 None 15.4 2.0376 78 None

Shore 6.7 3.1467 33 ≥30; 4 10.8 2.6870 38 ≥50; 4

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 4.3 4.4506 15 ≥45; 3 3.0 9.4295 8 ≥25; 2

Rental Boat 1.0 7.0000 2 22; 1 0.0 - 0 None

Private Boat 11.0 5.1336 50 260; 1 11.1 2.0159 36 50; 1

Scuba from Shore 4.2 1.4472 6 None 2.6 2.6638 8 25; 1

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 2.4 16.4046 10 ≥20; 2 4.2 2.6445 6 20; 1

Party Boat 3.3 1.0259 10 ≥10; 2 2.0 1.2234 6 10; 1

Rental Boat 1.3 0.3333 3 None 1.0 - 1 None

Private Boat 12.3 2.2435 77 ≥100; 2 12.8 8.3783 62 ≥125; 4

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 7.7 3.3830 3 None 1.5 0.5000 2 None

Rental Boat 0.0 - 0 None 0.0 - 0 None

Private Boat 9.5 2.8192 44 120; 1 10.3 1.4718 32 None

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 1.0 - 1 None 0.0 - 0 None

Party Boat 2.0 1.0000 2 None 0.0 - 0 None

Rental Boat 7.5 4.5000 2 None 0.0 - 0 None

Private Boat 20.6 10.5253 23 260; 1 6.0 2.2801 18 ≥20; 4

Fishing from Shore 9 . 8 5.3038 29 ≥36; 4 12.4 5.4559 21 ≥40; 4

Personal Watercraft - Rental 2 . 8 2.0455 11 15; 3 2.6 49.5711 5 300; 1

Sailing

Rental Boat 1.0 0.0000 2 None 1.0 0.0000 2 None

Private Boat 9.9 2.3094 30 ≥40; 3 15.7 9.1854 15 ≥97; 3

Other Boating

Charter/Party Boat 1.3 1.3828 9 15; 1 2.1 0.6961 9 None

Rental Boat 3.0 7.4237 2 25; 1 3.0 6.0000 1 15; 1

Private Boat 13.7 5.3041 50 ≥90; 2 8.5 1.5650 36 50; 1

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 1.3 0.1306 12 None 1.0 - 1 None

Guided Backcountry Excursion 1.5 0.5000 2 None 7.0 71.5000 1 ≥150; 1

Private/Rental Boat 12.8 1.4784 73 None 8.1 2.2240 48 ≥50; 3

Wildlife & Nature Study - Land

Wildlife observation/photography 10.9 10.3516 44 ≥60; 5 8.8 13.6637 30 ≥100; 6

Other Nature Study 5.3 17.9041 16 ≥20; 6 10.0 18.5005 12 ≥50; 6

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 12.8 6.0799 56 ≥150; 3 11.0 3.0475 85 ≥100; 3

Other Beach Activities 16.5 4.7716 38 ≥100; 2 6.6 4.0385 37 ≥52; 6

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 9.3 7.9267 3 40; 1 4.0 38.6839 2 120; 1

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 29.3 9.0187 54 ≥200; 3 18.9 6.4292 30 200; 1

Museums & Historic Sites

Museums 2.5 0.6865 23 ≥10; 3 2.0 0.8852 36 ≥20; 2

Historic Areas 3.4 0.4943 33 None 3.9 0.6183 43 None

1. This column is documentation of the outliers that were dropped for each variable. The first number in the column is the range of values that 

 were dropped. The second number is the number of observations that were dropped.

2. This is the standard error before the outliers were dropped.
37

Table A.3.2. Average Number of Days of Activity Per Trip: Lower Keys and Key West

Lower Keys Key West

Mean Std. Error2 n Outliers1 Mean Std. Error2 n Outliers1

Snorkeling

Charter/Party Boat 4.1 3.3286 17 ≥30; 2 4.4 2.9197 32 ≥20; 2

Rental Boat 2.0 7.7032 3 ≥20; 2 4.3 1.9311 4 None

Private Boat 14.2 1.9984 94 None 15.4 2.5995 74 ≥100; 3

Shore 6.7 8.7210 44 ≥150; 4 10.8 3.6307 49 ≥100; 2

Scuba Diving

Charter/Party Boat 4.3 0.4199 8 None 3.0 2.9672 8 ≥20; 2

Rental Boat 1.0 - 1 None 0.0 - 0 None

Private Boat 11.0 3.3166 29 97; 1 11.1 4.5053 26 ≥50; 3

Scuba from Shore 4.2 0.6292 4 None 2.6 2.8983 4 ≥10; 2

Offshore Fishing

Charter Boat 2.4 8.0474 5 50; 1 4.2 0.8718 9 10; 1

Party Boat 3.3 0.0000 2 None 2.0 0.8133 13 10; 2

Rental Boat 1.3 - 1 None 1.0 0.5000 2 None

Private Boat 12.3 3.9380 60 ≥97; 3 12.8 2.3069 48 None

Flats/Backcountry Fishing

Guided 7.7 1.0000 2 None 1.5 0.0000 2 None

Rental Boat 0.0 - 1 None 0.0 - 1 None

Private Boat 9.5 4.2188 43 ≥100; 2 10.3 4.4094 21 ≥40; 3

Other Fishing

Charter Boat 1.0 - 0 None 0.0 2.5000 2 None

Party Boat 2.0 - 0 None 0.0 0.5099 5 None

Rental Boat 7.5 - 1 None 0.0 - 1 None

Private Boat 20.6 6.3873 15 ≥60; 2 6.0 1.8350 20 30; 1

Fishing from Shore 9.8 9.0718 32 ≥100; 2 12.4 3.7886 32 ≥50; 3

Personal Watercraft - Rental 2.8 0.9574 4 None 2.6 1.0651 9 12; 1

Sailing

Rental Boat 1.0 - 1 None 1.0 2.2500 4 None

Private Boat 9.9 6.2062 17 100; 1 15.7 5.7905 33 200; 1

Other Boating

Charter/Party Boat 1.3 0.5062 11 None 2.1 0.4950 29 15; 1

Rental Boat 3.0 - 1 None 3.0 4.0415 2 15; 1

Private Boat 13.7 3.4020 32 90; 1 8.5 6.2544 39 250; 1

Viewing Nature & Wildlife

Glass-bottom Boat 1.3 0.0000 2 None 1.0 0.4750 18 10; 1

Guided Backcountry Excursion 1.5 21.1285 6 150; 1 7.0 20.9374 5 ≥40; 2

Private/Rental Boat 12.8 6.5782 54 ≥100; 3 8.1 5.7594 55 ≥120; 3

Wildlife & Nature Study - Land

Wildlife observation/photography 10.9 10.4234 45 ≥100; 10 8.8 4.6857 40 ≥52; 9

Other Nature Study 5.3 5.7603 20 ≥50; 3 10.0 10.6776 18 ≥97; 3

All Beach Activities

Swimming at Beaches 12.8 3.9669 53 ≥60; 6 11.0 2.9666 94 ≥90; 7

Other Beach Activities 16.5 5.0636 25 ≥50; 4 6.6 4.2324 77 300; 1

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 9.3 3.0000 2 None 4.0 1.5000 2 None

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 29.3 21.9031 13 ≥40; 9 18.9 6.7540 79 ≥200; 4

Museums & Historic Sites

Museums 2.5 0.2979 27 None 2.0 0.5821 95 None

Historic Areas 3.4 1.1511 27 ≥20; 3 3.9 0.8121 132 100; 1

1. This column is documentation of the outliers that were dropped for each variable. The first number in the column is the range of values that 

 were dropped. The second number is the number of observations that were dropped.

2. This is the standard error before the outliers were dropped.
38

Table A.3.3. Total Annual Number of Days of Activity by Region (Thousands of Days)

Upper Middle Lower Key All

Activity1 Keys Keys Keys West Keys

All Snorkeling 199.2 187.9 205.7 153.8 746.5

Charter/Party Boat 4.8 * 3.4 * 3.6 * 6.2 18.0

Rental Boat 1.2 * 1.8 * 0.9 * 1.5 * 5.5

Private Boat 165.0 131.8 135.3 77.5 509.6

Snorkeling from Boat 171.0 137.0 139.8 85.3 533.1

Shore 28.2 50.9 65.8 68.5 213.4

All Scuba Diving 55.2 52.0 32.6 29.7 169.6

Charter/Party Boat 5.7 * 2.4 * 1.5 * 2.3 * 11.9

Rental Boat 0.3 * 0.0 1.7 * 0.0 2.0

Private Boat 48.3 46.8 27.8 25.4 148.2

Scuba from Boat 54.2 49.2 31.0 27.6 162.1

Shore 1.0 * 2.8 * 1.6 * 2.1 * 7.5

Offshore Fishing 114.5 112.5 92.9 96.1 416.1

Charter Boat 3.8 * 3.0 * 1.3 * 1.4 * 9.5

Party Boat 4.8 * 1.9 * 1.2 * 2.6 * 10.5

Rental Boat 0.3 * 0.2 * 0.1 * 0.5 * 1.1

Private Boat 105.6 107.4 90.3 91.7 395.0

Flats/Backcountry Fishing 47.0 39.0 49.7 23.2 158.8

Guided 3.3 * 0.5 * 0.8 * 0.3 * 4.8

Rental Boat 0.0 0.0 0.0 * 0.2 * 0.2

Private Boat 43.7 38.5 48.9 22.7 * 153.8

Other Fishing 56.8 22.3 22.6 28.0 129.7

Charter Boat 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 1.7 * 1.7

Party Boat 0.3 * 0.0 0.0 0.6 * 0.9

Rental Boat 2.0 * 0.0 0.0 * 0.1 * 2.1

Private Boat 54.4 * 22.3 * 22.6 * 25.7 * 124.9

Fishing from Shore 56.1 49.2 * 49.3 30.6 185.2

All Fishing 274.3 223.0 214.6 177.9 889.8

Personal Watercraft - Rental 4 . 8 * 1.3 * 0.7 * 2.9 * 9.7

Sailing 25.3 21.8 21.5 19.3 87.9

Rental Boat 0.1 * 0.2 * 0.4 * 0.9 * 1.6

Private Boat 25.2 21.6 * 21.2 * 18.3 86.3

Other Boating 77.9 39.6 53.6 54.5 225.6

Charter/Party Boat 1.4 * 3.8 * 3.1 * 5.1 13.4

Rental Boat 0.9 * 0.6 * 0.1 * 0.5 * 2.1

Private Boat 75.7 35.2 50.3 48.9 210.1

Viewing Nature & Wildlife - Boat 101.5 48.4 101.4 53.4 304.7

Glass-bottom Boat 2.4 * 0.3 * 0.3 * 1.5 * 4.5

Guided Backcountry Excursion 0.5 * 1.8 * 2.2 * 1.0 * 5.5

Private/Rental Boat 98.6 46.2 98.9 51.0 294.7

Wildlife & Nature Study - Land 61.6 42.8 64.5 54.9 223.8

Wildlife observation/photography 53.8 27.1 39.7 38.4 159.1

Other Nature Study 7.7 * 15.8 * 24.8 * 16.5 * 64.7

All Viewing Wildlife & Nature 163.1 91.2 165.8 108.3 528.5

All Beach Activities 176.5 154.5 85.1 237.3 653.3

Swimming at Beaches 93.5 123.2 62.2 118.7 397.6

Other Beach Activities 82.9 31.3 22.9 118.6 255.7

Windsurfing or Sailboarding 2 . 9 * 0 . 5 * 1 . 7 * 1 . 1 * 6.3

Swimming in Outdoor Pools 226.1 74.7 31.5 * 233.3 565.6

Museums & Historic Sites 16.3 28.7 28.4 106.6 180.0

Museums 5.3 9.5 8.7 46.4 69.9

Historic Areas 11.0 19.2 19.7 60.2 110.1

* Sample size not large enough (less than 25 observations) to consider estimate reliable.
39

References

Leeworthy, Vernon R., Wiley, Peter C. 1997. A Socioeconomic Analysis of the Recreation ACtivities of

Monroe County Residents in the Florida Keys/Key West. Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration.

Leeworthy, Vernon R., Wiley, Peter C. 1996. Visitor Profiles: Florida Keys/Key West. Silver Spring, MD:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
40

This page was intentionally left blank.
41

Exhibits
42

Exhibit 1

MONROE COUNTY TELEPHONE SURVEY

SURVEY RESEARCH LABORATORY

FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY

LAST REVISED; JULY 5, 1996 jp

>CHK1< INTERVIEWER CHECKPOINT NUMBER 1;

The CASE ID NUMBER for this case is: [fill CASE]

The telephone number you will be calling is:

[fill AREA] - [fill PRFX] - [fill SUFX]

Check to be sure that you have the correct case and the correct telephone number. Do you

have the right case?

<1> YES this is the right case

<2> No [goto fdis] this is the wrong case

===>

>INTR< Hello, my name is ______ . I’m calling from Florida State University. Here at the university,

we are collecting information about the residents of Monroe County and their use of recreational resources.

[loc 2/12]

Since this number was randomly selected by a computer, I need to know if this is a home or a

business.

<1> Home [gotoSCR1]

<2> BUSINESS

===> [goto DC01]

>SCR1< How many people in your household are PERMANENT RESIDENTS of Monroe County,

Florida?

<0> NONE

<1> ONE PERSON [goto SCR3]

<2-95> NUMBER OF ELIGIBLES IN HOUSE [gotoSCR2]

<98> DON’T KNOW

<99> REFUSED

===> [goto DC02]

>SCR2< How many of those people are at least 16 years of age?

<0> NONE

<1> ONE PERSON [goto SCR3]

<2-95> NUMBER OF ELIGIBLES IN HOUSE [gotoSCR4]

<98> DON’T KNOW

<99> REFUSED
43

===> [goto DC03]

>SCR3< Is that person at least 16 years of age?

<1> YES

<2> NO [goto DC03]

===> [goto SCR7]

>MON< [allow 10]

>SCR4< I need to talk to the person who HAS HAD the most recent birthday. Did anyone have a

birthday between

January and TODAY?

IF YES ASK: What month?

FIRST CHOICE <7> July (any day prior to July 13, 1996)

SECOND CHOICE <6> June

THIRD CHOICE <5> May

<4> April

<3> March

<2> February

<1> January

<13> DON’T KNOW

<14> REFUSED

<15> NONE BORN IN THESE MONTHS [goto SCR5]

===> [goto T02]

>SCR5< Did anyone have a birthday between LATE July and December?

IF YES ASK: What month?

FIRST CHOICE <12> December

SECOND CHOICE <11> November

THIRD CHOICE <10> October

<9> September

<8> August

<7> July (any day after July 12, 1996)

<13> DON’T KNOW

<14> REFUSED

Exhibit 1
44

===> [goto T03]

>SCR6< I need to talk to the person who was born in [fill MON]

<1> RESPONDENT LOCATED; CONTINUE with survey.

<10> [goto refc] CALL BACK

<20> [goto refc] NO ANSWER

<34> [goto refc] REFUSAL SELECTED RESPONDENT

<35> [goto refc] REFUSAL NONSELECTED RESPONDENT

<60> [goto cspg] SUPERVISOR USE ONLY--used to finalize samples

<99> [goto fdis] NON CASE NUMBER (FAX, BUSINESS, RECD, OR 6 NA’S)

NOTE: YOU MAY SKIP TO refc OR JUMP BACK TO refc IF YOU HAVE A BREAK DURING THE SURVEY.

===> [goto] CONF]

>SCR7< I need to talk to that person.

<1> RESPONDENT LOCATED; CONTINUE wityh survey.

<10> [goto refc] CALL BACK

<20> [goto refc] NO ANSWER

<34> [goto refc] REFUSAL SELECTED RESPONDENT

<35> [goto refc] REFUSAL NONSELECTED RESPONDENT

<60> [goto cspg] SUPERVISOR USE ONLY--used to finalize samples

<99> [goto fdis] NON CASE NUMBER (FAX, BUSINESS, RECD, OR 6 NA’S)

NOTE: YOU MAY SKIP TO refc OR JUMP BACK TO refc IF YOU HAVE A BREAK DURING THE SURVEY.

===> [goto CONF]

>CONF< READ INTRO ONLY IF NECESSARY:

Hello, my name is _______ . I’m calling from Florida State University. Here at the

univsersity, we are collecting information about the residents of Monroe County and their use

of recreational resources.

READ: Before we begin, let me assure you that everything you say will remain confidential.

However, my supervisor may be monitoring this call to evaluate my performance.

<1> RESPONDENT LOCATED; CONTINUE wityh survey.

<10> [goto refc] CALL BACK

<20> [goto refc] NO ANSWER

<34> [goto refc] REFUSAL SELECTED RESPONDENT

<35> [goto refc] REFUSAL NONSELECTED RESPONDENT

<60> [goto cspg] SUPERVISOR USE ONLY--used to finalize samples

<99> [goto fdis] NON CASE NUMBER (FAX, BUSINESS, RECD, OR 6 NA’S)

NOTE: YOU MAY SKIP TO refc OR JUMP BACK TO refc IF YOU HAVE A BREAK DURING THE SURVEY.

===> [goto Q!]

Exhibit 1
45

>Q1< First, I would like to ask you about the quality of life in Monroe County (the Florida

Keys). Overall, how would you rate Monroe County as a place to live?

Would you say...(READ RESPONSES)

<1> EXCELLENT

<2> GOOD

<3> FAIR

<4> POOR

<8> DON’T KNOW

<9> NO RESPONSE

===>

>Q2< There are many reasons that people choose to live where they do in Florida. What is the

most important reason you chose to live in Monroe County? Would you say: [allow 2]

READ RESPONSES

<0> VOLUNTEERED: NO SPECIAL REASON

<1> YOU WERE BORN THERE

<2> JOB OR BUSINESS REASONS

<3> CLIMATE

<4> ENVIRONMENT

<5> ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES, SUCH AS NATURAL SETTINGS

AND WILDLIFE

<6> OPPORTUNITIES FOR WATER ACTIVITIES SUCH AS FISHING OR

DIVING

<7> A LOW CRIME RATE

<8> CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

<9> RETIREMENT

<X> OR SOME OTHER REASON I HAVE NOT MENTIONED

(SPECIFY) [SPECIFY]

===>

>Q3< In the past 12 MONTHS have you done any outdoor recreational activities in the Florida

Keys?

<1> YES

<2> NO

<8> DON’T KNOW

===>

>Q4< In the past 12 MONTHS have you done any outdoor recreational activities in Everglades

National Park?

<1> YES

<2> NO

<8> DON’T KNOW

Exhibit 1
46

===> [goto Q6]

>Q5< Were any of your activities in the Floriday Bay portion of the park?

<1> YES

<2> NO

<8> DON’T KNOW

===>

>Q6< What is the closest mile market to your residence?

ROUND ALL MILE MARKERS

<0-996> MILE MARKER

<X> SPECIFY RESPONSE [specify]

<998> DON’T KNOW

<999> NO RESPONSE

===>

>Q7< Do you have access to the water from your residence?

<1> YES

<2> NO

===>

>Q8< Do you own a boat?

<1> YES

<2> NO

===>

>Q9< To be sure we have a respresentative sample of Monroe County, we need to ask you a few

questions about your background.

How many years have you lived in Monroe County?

<1> LESS THAN ONE YEAR

<2> ONE TO FIVE YEARS

<3> SIX TO TEN YEARS

<4> ELEVEN TO TWENTY YEARS

<5> TWENTY-ONE TO FORTY YEARS

<6> FORTY-ONE OR MORE

<8> DON’T KNOW

<9> NO RESPONSE

===>

>Q10< In what year were you born?

<1900-1980> YEAR OF BIRTH

Exhibit 1
47

===>

>Q11< What is your ethnic background? [allow 2]

READ RESPONSES AS NECESSARY:

<1> AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKAN NATIVE

<2> ASIAN OR PACIFIC ISLANDER

<3> BLACK (NON-HISPANIC)

<4> HISPANIC

<5> WHITE

<6> OTHER SPECIFY [specify]

<8> DON’T KNOW

<9> NO RESPONSE

===>

>Q12< What is the highest level of education that you have completed?

<1> EIGHTH GRADE OR LESS

<2> NINTH TO ELEVENTH GRADE

<3> TWELFTH GRADE

<4> THIRTEEN TO FIFTEEN YEARS

<5> SIXTEEN YEARS (COLLEGE GRADUATE)

<6> SEVENTEEN OR MORE (GRAD SCHOOL)

<7> REFUSED

<8> DON’T KNOW

<9> NO RESPONSE

===>

>Q13< What is your employment status? [allow 2]

Probe: Are you employed, unemployed retired or something else?

<1> UNEMPLOYED

<2> EMPLOYED FULL-TIME

<3> EMPLOYED PART-TIME

<4> RETIRED

<5> STUDENT

<6> HOMEMAKER

<7> NONE OF THE ABOVE SPECIFY [specify]

<98> DON’T KNOW

<99> NO RESPONSE

===>

>Q14< Do you work outside Monroe County?

<1> YES

<2> NO

===>

>Q15< What is your zip code? [allow 5]

Exhibit 1
48

===>

>Q16< What is your total household income?

PROBE: In what general category does your total household income fall?

<1> Under $5,000 <10> $60,000 to 70,000

<2> $5,000 to 10,000 <11> $70,000 to 80,000

<3> $10,000 to 15,000 <12> $80,000 to 90,000

<4> $15,000 to 20,000 <13> $90,000 to 100,000

<5> $20,000 to 25,000 <14> Over $100,000

<6> $25,000 to 30,000 <97> Refused

<7> $30,000 to 40,000 <98> Don’t Know

<8> $40,000 to 50,000

<9> $50,000 to 60,000

===>

>rte< [if Q3 eq <1>] [goto Q17] [else]

[if Q4 eq <1>] [goto Q17] [else]

[endif] [endif]

>Q17< We would also like you to participate in a second part of this study, that will be mailed to you.

You will be asked about your recreational activities in Monroe County over the last year. For

participating in this part of the survey, your name will be entered into a drawing for a free

brunch or dinner for two at one of six Florida Keys resorts near you.

Would you be willing to participate in the second part of this survey--the mail survey portion?

<1> YES

<2> NO [goto Q17P]

===> [goto Q18]

>Q17p<

No matter how little or how much you participate in recreational activities in the Keys,

the mail questionnaire is needed to accurately represent recreational activities in your

area. Would you be willing to participate in the second part of this survey--the mail

survey portion?

<1> YES

<2> NO [goto BYE]

YOU MAY WIN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING!!

Islamorada Area --- Bruch at Cheeca Lodge

Key Largo Area --- Brunch at Marriott’s Key Largo Bay Beach Resort

Key West or

 Stock Island --- Brunch at Marriott’s Casa Marina Resort or

 Dinner at the Pier House.

Lower Keys Area --- Brunch at Little Palm Island

Marathon Area --- Brunch at Hawk’s Cay resort

Exhibit 1
49

===>

>Q18< IF YES: Record name and address on the dispo’s page 2.

TYPE <g> TO GO ON

===>

>BYE< That completes our survey. Thank you for your time.

Good bye.

TYPE <g> TO GO ON

===>

>sex< Sex of the respondent

<1> Male

<2> Female

===>

>DC01< Thanks you for your time and help. We are only speaking with households today.

Good bye.

===>

>DC02< Thank you for your time and help. We are only speaking with permanent residents today.

Good bye.

===>

>DC03< Thank you for your time and help. We are only speaking with Florida residents over the age

of sixteen today.

Good bye.

Exhibit 1
50

A1. Which of the activities on the enclosed Activities List did you or someone in your household do either in the Florida Keys or in the Everglades National

Park during the past 12 months? (Note, if you did nore than 20 activities, please fill-in the 20 activities most important to you)

A2. For each activity you listed, how many members of your household age 16 or older did the activity either in the Florida Keys or in the Everglades

National Park during the past 12 months?

A3. For each activity you listed, how many members of your household under age 16 did the activity either in the Florida Keys or in the Everglades

National Park during the past 12 months?

A4. Please fill in the circle for each activity you, yourself, did during the past 12 months in the Upper Keys, Middle Keys, Lower Keys, Key West or

Everglades National Park.

A5. On how many different days did you, yourself, participate in each activity in the Upper Keys, Middle Keys, Lower Keys, Key West or Everglades

National Park. (Only answer for those activities you listed with an A suffix)

A6. On a typical dayt when you participated in each activity, how many hours did you do the activity in the Upper Keys, Middle Keys, Lower Keys, Key

West or Everglades National Park. (Only answer for those activities you listed with an A suffix)

A7. How many others (excluding yourself in your household did each activity in the Upper Keys, Middle Keys, Lower Keys, Key West, or Everglades

National Park during the past 12 months?

A8. What would you say is the most important activity you did in the Florida Keys [A461] and the most important activity you did in Everglades National

Park [A462] ?

A9. On how many days did you participate in outdoor recreation activities outside the Florida Keys or Everglades National Park during the past 12

months [A463] ?

Exhibit 2
51

(

Everglades

You Participated (QA 4)

# Days (Q A5)

# Hours (Q A6)

# Of Other (Q A7)

Upper Keys

You Participated (QA 4)

# Days (Q A5)

# Hours (Q A6)

# Of Other (Q A7)

Middle Keys

You Participated (QA 4)

# Days (Q A5)

# Hours (Q A6)

# Of Other (Q A7)

Lower Keys

You Participated (QA 4)

# Days (Q A5)

# Hours (Q A6)

# Of Other (Q A7)

Key West

You Participated (QA 4)

# Days (Q A5)

# Hours (Q A6)

# Of Other (Q A7)

Q A2) Number in household

OVER 16 who did activity

(QA 2) Number in household

UNDER 16 who did activity.

PART B: YOUR EXPENDITURES FOR YOUR LAST TRIP IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK OR THE FLORIDA KEYS

In this section, we want to ask you about your expenditures for your last trip or outing in the Florida Keys and/or in Everglades National Park. But before you fill-in the

expenditure information, we would like you to fill in a brief description of both your last trip or outing in the Florida Keys and/or your last trip or outing to Everglades

national Park.

Description of LAST TRIP or outing to do outdoor recreational activity in the Florida Keys.

B1. What activities did you do on your last trip or outing to do outdoor recreation in the Florida Keys? (Please use the enclosed activities list and record the numbers for the

activitiies) [B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6]

B2. Where did you go on your last trip or outing to do recreation activities in the Florida Keys? Closest City: [B7]

B3. a. How far was the place you went from your place of residence? [B8]

b. If your last trip involved the use of a boat, how many miles from either your place of residence or from where you launched or store your boat to the place where you

did activity? [B9]

B4. How many days was your last trip or outing to do outdoor recreation activities in the Florida Keys? Count any part of a day as a whole day. (If an overnight trip, answer B5,

if not go to B6) [B10]

B5. How many nights did you spend in location away in the Florida Keys on your last trip or outing to do outdoor recreation in the Florida Keys? [B11]

B6. How many people were you or someone in your household paying expendses for, including yourself, on your last trip or outing in the Florida Keys? [B12]

Description of LAST TRIP or outing to do outdoor recreational activity in the Everglades National Park.

B7. What activities did you do on your last trip or outing to do outdoor recreation in Everglades National Park? (Please use the enclosed activities list and record the numbers for the

activitiies) [B13, B14, B15, B16, B17, B18]

B8. How many days was your last trip or outing to do outdoor recreation activities in Everglades National Park? Count any part of a day as a whole day. (If an overnight trip,

answer B9, if not go to B11) [B19]

B9. How many nights did you spend away from home on your last trip to Everglades National Park? [B20]

B10. How many of these nights were spent inside Everglades National Park? [B21]

B11. How many people were you or someone in your household paying expendses for on your last trip to Everglades National Park? [B22]

Exhibit 2
52

Please report your expenditures for each of the items listed to the nearest whole dollar. In Column A, put the total amount of money you spent for your last trip in the

Everglades National Park. In Column B, put the total amount you spent on your last trip in the Florida Keys.

EXAMPLE: Joe and Jane Smith drove to Everglades National Park from key West. They spent 3 nights in the Everglades national Park at $#75 per night, or a

total of $225. The Smith’s spent $40 for food and $10 for beverages at a store before leaving Key West and spent $100 for food, drinks, at the restourants and at the

concessions in the Everglades National Park. Their total spending for food and lodging on the last trip to Everglades National Park (Column A) was $375. The total amount

spent on the last trip to the Florida keys (Column B) was $0.00. They did not visit the Florida Keys.

EXAMPLE:

LODGING, PUBLICLY OWNED (government)

Hotel/motel/bed & breakfast/cabin, etc.

Camping site (RV/tent/camper)

Everglades

National

Park

Florida

Keys

225

0

0

0

Column AColumnB

FOOD & BEVERAGES

Food and drinks consumed at restaurants, bars

Beverages purchased at store for carry-out

Food purchased at store for carry-out

Everglades

National

Park

Florida

Keys

100

10

40

0

0

0

Column AColumnB

LODGING, PUBLICLY OWNED (government)

Hotel/motel/bed & breakfast/cabin, etc.

Camping site (RV/tent/camper)

LODGING, PRIVATELY OWNED

(non-government)

Hotel/motel/bed&breakfast/cabin, etc.

Rental home, cottage, cabin, condo

Camping site (RV/tent/camper)

FOOD & BEVERAGES

Food and drinks consumed at restaurants, bars

Beverages purchased at store for carry-out

Food purchased at store for carry-out

Everglades

National

Park

Florida

Keys

[B23]

[B24]

[B25]

[B26]

[B26]

[B28]

[B29]

[B30]

Column AColumnB

TRANSPORTATION

Rental automobile, motor home, trailer,

and motocycle or other recreation behicle

Gas & oil - auto/RV

Repair & service - atuo/RV

Parking fees & tolls

Taxi fare

Bus Fare

a) Package tour

b) Any other bus fare

Airline fares

a) Package tour

b) Any other airline fare

Everglades

National

Park

Florida

Keys

Column AColumnB

[B70]

[B71]

[B72]

[B73]

[B74]

[B75]

[B76]

[B77]

[B31]

[B32]

[B33]

[B34]

[B35]

[B36]

[B37]

[B38]

[B39]

[[B78]

[B79]

[B80]

[B81]

[B82]

[B83]

[B84]

[B85]

[B86]

BOATING

Boat, jet ski, and wave runner rental

Boat fuel and oil

Boat repairs

Boat launch fees

Boat slip fees or marina fees (this trip only)

Sailing charters or sunset cruises

FISHING

Cut bait

Live bait

Daily or special fishing permits

Fishing lines, fly lines,

and fish nets, minnow traps

Charter/party boat, guide service

SCUBA DIVING/SNORKELING

Rental fee for equipment

Charter/party boat, guide service

SIGHT-SEEING

Sight-seeing tours

Glass bottom boat rides

Back country excursions, kayak tours

park entrace fees

Admission to tourist, amusement, festivals

and other commercial attractions

Everglades

National

Park

Florida

Keys

[B40]

[B41]

[B42]

[B43]

[B44]

[B45]

[B46]

[B47]

[B48]

[B49]

[B50]

[B51]

[B52]

[B53]

[B54]

[B55]

[B56]

[B57]

Column AColumnB

OTHER ACTIVITY EXPENDITURES

Rental fee for recreaion equipment

(bicycles, golf carts or others not listed above)

Guide service, tour, or outfitters

(not listed above, like parasailing)

Admission to motion pictures,

and theaters, museums, etc.

MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURES

Film purchases

Film developing

Footwear

Clothing

Souvenirs and gifts (no clothing)

Barber, alundry, and other personal services

Telephone, xerox, fax,

and other business services

Physician, dentist,

and other medical services

Other, specify_______________

__________________________

Everglades

National

Park

Florida

Keys

Column AColumnB

[B87]

[B88]

[B89]

[B90]

[B91]

[B92]

[B93]

[B94]

[B95]

[B96]

[B97]

[B98]

[B99]

[B100]

[B101]

[B102]

[B103]

[B104]

[B58]

[B59]

[B60]

[B61]

[B62]

[B63]

[B64]

[B65]

[B66]

[B67]

[B68]

[B69]

[B105]

[B106]

[B107]

[B108]

[B109]

[B110]

[B111]

[B112]

[B113]

[B114]

[B115]

[B116]

Please report your expenditures for each of the items listed to the nearest whole dollar. In Column A, put the total amount of money you spent for last trip in the

Everglades National Park.

[B69B]

[B117]

5

4

Exhibit 2
53

PART C: ANNUAL VACATION AND EQUIPMENT PURCHASES

This section asks about how much money people spent on recreational equipment and boat storage or marina services not already included in PART B

Column A should include the total amount of money spent by your household for each of the items in the past 12 months.

Column B should include the total amount of money spent by your household for each of the items in Broward, Dade or Monroe Counties (South Florida)

in the past 12 months.

Column C should include the total amount of money spent by your household for each item made only in Monroe County.

Example: Joe and Jane Smith purchased a boat for $17,000 from a dealer at their home in Jacksonville last summer.

They also purchased a jet ski for $12,000 from a dealer in Key Largo. Here is how they would report these expenditures.

Column A

29,000

Total Amount

Last 12 months

[C1]

[C4]

[C7]

[C10]

[C13A]

[C14A]

[C16]

[C19]

[C22]

[C25]

[C28]

[C31]

[C39]

[C37A]

[C38A]

BOATING EQUIPMENT

New motorized boats or jet skis

 MAJOR RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT

C1. Diving or snorkeling equipment

C2. Fishing rods and reels

C3. Cameras and other photo gear

C4. Binocular and other viewing equipment

C5. Miscellanious specify:

(i.e.:boats, guns, cameras, skis, behicles, any other major equipment)

_____[C13]_____________________

_____[C14]_____________________

 BOATING EQUIPMENT

C6. New motorized boats or jet skis

C7. New nonmotorized boats

(i.e.: sailboats, row boats, canoes...)

C8. New boat engines

C9. New boat accessories

C10. New sails or rigging

C11. New boat trailer

C12. Boat storage and marina fees

C13. Other boating expenses, Describe:

_____[C37]_____________________

_____[C38]_____________________

Column B

29,000

Total Amount

Last 12 months

[C2]

[C5]

[C8]

[C11]

[C13B]

[C14B]

[C17]

[C20]

[C23]

[C26]

[C29]

[C32]

[C30]

[C37B]

[C38B]

Column C

29,000

Total Amount

Last 12 months

[C3]

[C6]

[C9]

[C12]

[C13C]

[C14C]

[C18]

[C21]

[C24]

[C27]

[C30]

[C33]

[C41]

[C37C]

[C38C]

6

PART D: IMPORTANCE AND SATISFACTION WITH FACILITIES, SERVICES AND

NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE FLORIDA KEYS/FLORIDA BAY AREA

In this section, we are interested in identifying recreation site information which is important to you as a resident of Monroe County. Please read each statement and rate the

importance of each item as it contributes to an ideal recreation/tourist setting for the activities you did in the Florida Keys/Florida Bay area by circling the appropriate number to

the right of the statement. If an item does not apply, indicate by cirling 9 or if you simply don’t know circle 8.

D1. Clear water (high visibility)

D2. Amount of living coral on reefs

D3. Public transportation

D4. Parking

D5. Many different kinds of fish

and sea life to view

D6. Many different kinds of fish

and sea life to catch

D7. Large numbers of fish

D8. Opportunity to view large wildlife

(manatees, whales, dolphins)

D9. Uncrowded conditions

D10. Maps, brochures,

and other tourist information

D11. Boat ramps/launching facilities

D12. Marina facilities

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

Extremely Important

Very ImportantImportant

Somewhat ImportantNot Important

Don’t KnowNot Applicable

D13. Directional signs, street signs,

mile markers

D14. Condition of roads and streets

D15. Cleanliness of streets and sidewalks

D16. Condition of bike paths

and sidewalks/walking paths

D17. Shoreline access

D18. Designated swimming/beach area

D19. Quality of beaches

D20. Service and friendliness of people

D21. Historic preservation

(historic landmarks, houses, etc)

D22. Availability of public restooms

D23. Value for the price

D24. Parks and specially protected areas

D25. Mooring buoys near coral reefs

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

Extremely Important

Very ImportantImportant

Somewhat ImportantNot Important

Don’t KnowNot Applicable

7

Exhibit 2
54

PART D: SATISFACTION WITH EACH OF THESE ITEMS WHERE YOU DID ACTIVITIES

IN THE FLORIDA KEYS/FLORIDA BAY AREA

On the previous page you indicated the importance of a list of items to your recreational/tourist experiences. Now read eaof the items on this list and rate how satisfied you were

with each at the places you did your activities in the Florida Keys/Florida Bay Area by circling the appropriate number to the right of the statement. If an item does not apply,

indicate by circling 9 or if you simply don’t know circle 8.

D26. Clear water (high visibility)

D27. Amount of living coral on reefs

D28. Public transportation

D29. Parking

D30. Many different kinds of fish

and sea life to view

D31. Many different kinds of fish

and sea life to catch

D32. Large numbers of fish

D33. Opportunity to view large wildlife

(manatees, whales, dolphins)

D34. Uncrowded conditions

D35. Maps, brochures,

and other tourist information

D36. Boat ramps/launching facilities

D37. Marina facilities

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

Delighted

Happy/SatsfiedMixed

Unhappy/DissatisfiedTerrible

Don’t KnowNot Applicable

D38. Directional signs, street signs,

mile markers

D39. Condition of roads and streets

D40. Cleanliness of streets and sidewalks

D41. Condition of bike paths

and sidewalks/walking paths

D42. Shoreline access

D43. Designated swimming/beach area

D44. Quality of beaches

D45. Service and friendliness of people

D46. Historic preservation

(historic landmarks, houses, etc)

D47. Availability of public restooms

D48. Value for the price

D49. Parks and specially protected areas

D50. Mooring buoys near coral reefs

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

8

Delighted

Happy/SatsfiedMixed

Unhappy/DissatisfiedTerrible

Don’t KnowNot Applicable

PART D: SATISFACTION WITH EACH OF THESE ITEMS FIVE YEARS AGO

IN THE FLORIDA KEYS/FLORIDA BAY AREA

On the previous page you indicated the importance of a list of items to your recreational/tourist experiences. Now read eaof the items on this list and rate how satisfied you were

with each at the places you did your activities in the Florida Keys/Florida Bay Area by circling the appropriate number to the right of the statement. If an item does not apply,

indicate by circling 9 or if you simply don’t know circle 8.

D52. Clear water (high visibility)

D53. Amount of living coral on reefs

D54. Opportunity to view large wildlife

D55. Uncrowded conditions

D56. Condition of roads and streets

D57. Shoreline access

D58. Quality of beaches

D59. Service and friendliness of people

D60. Historic preservation

(historic landmarks, houses, etc)

D61. Parks and specially protected areas

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

5 4 3 2 1 8 9

Delighted

Happy/SatsfiedMixed

Unhappy/DissatisfiedTerrible

Don’t KnowNot Applicable

D51. Had you lived-in or visited the Florida Keys more than five years ago? (circle one)

1. Yes 2. No (if no go to Section ‘E’)

9

Exhibit 2
55

PART D: SATISFACTION WITH EACH OF THESE ITEMS WHERE YOU DID ACTIVITIES

IN THE FLORIDA KEYS/FLORIDA BAY AREA

On the previous page you indicated the importance of a list of items to your recreational/tourist experiences. Now read eaof the items on this list and rate how satisfied you were

with each at the places you did your activities in the Florida Keys/Florida Bay Area by circling the appropriate number to the right of the statement. If an item does not apply,

indicate by circling 9 or if you simply don’t know circle 8.

E1. The federal government will have to

introduce harsh measures to halt pollution

since few people will regulate themselves.

E2. We should not worry about killing too many

game animals because in the long run

things will balance out.

E3. I’d be willing to make personal sacrifices for

the sake of slowing down pollution even

though the immediate results may not seem

significant.

E4. Pollution is not personally affecting my life.

E5. The benefits of modern consumer products

are more important than the pollution that

results from their production and use.

E6. We must prevent any type of animal from

becoming extinct, even if it means

sacrificing some things for ourselves.

E7. Courses focusing on the conservation of

natural resources should be taught in the

public schools.

E8. Although there is continual contamination of

our lakes, streams, and air, nature’s

purifying processes will soon return them to

normal.

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

Delighted

Happy/SatsfiedMixed

Unhappy/DissatisfiedTerrible

Don’t Know/No Opinion

10

E9. Because the government has such good

inspection and control agencies, it’s very

unlikely that pollution due to energy

production will become excessive.

E10. The government should provide each

citizen with a list of agencies and

organizations which the citizen could report

grievances concerning pollution.

E11. Predators such as hawks, crows, skunks,

and coyotes which prey on farmers’ grain

crops and poultry should be eliminated.

E12. The currently active antipollution

organizations are really more interested in

disrupting society than they are in fighting

pollution

E13. Even if public transportation was more

efficient than it is, I would prefer to drive my

car to work.

E14. Industry is trying its best to develop

effective antipollution technology.

E15. If asked, I would contribute time, money, or

both to an organization like the Sierra Club

that works to improve the quality of the

environment.

E16. I would be willing to accept an increase in

my family’s expenses of $100 next year to

promote the wise use of natural resources.

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

1 2 3 4 5 8

Delighted

Happy/SatsfiedMixed

Unhappy/DissatisfiedTerrible

Don’t Know/No Opinion

Exhibit 2
56

Exhibit 3

Islamorada

Key Largo

Tavernier

John 

Pennekamp

Coral Reef 

Bahia Honda State Park

Big Pine Key

Key 

Colony 

Beach

Long Key

Marathon

Duck Key

Ramrod Key

SummerlandKey

Sugarloaf Key

Stock Island

Upper Keys

Middle Keys

Lower Keys

Key West and the

Dry Tortugas

Key West

Marquesas Keys

Dry Tortugas

Windley Key 

The Florida Keys/Key West

Plantation
57

Exhibit 4

ACTIVITIES LIST

Number Activities Using Boats and Personal Watercraft

Snorkeling

100 A Snorkeling from charter/party boat (pay operation)

101 A Snorkeling from Rental boat

102 A Snorkeling from private boat

Scuba Diving

200 A Scuba diving from charter/party boat (pay operation)

201 A Scuba diving from rental boat

202 A Scuba diving from private boat

Special Activities while Snorkeling or Scuba Diving

300 Diving for lobsters

301 Underwater photography

302 Wreck diving

303 Spear fishing

Fishing - Offshore

400 A Fishing from charter boat (pay operation six persons or less) - offshore

401 A Fishing from party or head boat (charge per person) - off shore

402 A Fishing from rental boat - offshore

403 A Fishing from private boat - offshore

Fishing - Flats or Back Country

404 A Fishing from Charter/party boat (pay operation) - flats or back country

405 A Fishing from rental boat - flats or back country

406 A Fishing from private boat - flats or back country

Other Fishing

407 A Other fishing from charter boat (pay operation six persons or less)

408 A Other Fishing from party or head boat (charge per person)

409 A Other fishing from rental boat

410 A Other fishing from private boat

Viewing Nature and Wildlife

500 A Glass bottom boat rides (pay operation)

501 A Back country boating excursions (pay operation/guided service/NOT FISHING)

502 A Viewing nature and wildlife from private or rental boat

Personal Watercraft (jet skis, wave runners, etc.)

600 A Personal watercraft - rental

601 A Personal watercraft - private

Sailing

700 A Sailing charter/party boat (pay operation)

701 A Sailing rental boat

702 A Sailing private boat

Other Activities NOT MENTIONED ABOVE (parasailing, hang gliding, sunset cruises,

water-skiing)

800 A Other activities from charter/party (pay operation)

801 A Other activities from rental boat

802 A Other activities from private boat

------ Over ------

white
58

ACTIVITIES LIST white

Number Other Water-Based Activities - NO BOATS

Snorkeling & Scuba Diving

10 A Snorkeling from shore

11 A Scuba diving from shore

Special Activities while Diving from Shore

12 Diving for lobsters

13 Underwater photography

14 A Fishing from shore (beach, bank, pier, bridge, jetty, dock)

15 A Swimming at Beaches (not in pool)

16 A Swimming in Outdoor pool

17 Swimming with Dolphins

18 A Windsurfing or sailboarding

Number Land-Based Activities

Nature Study - Wildlife Observation - Photography

19 A Wildlife observation or wildlife photography

20 A Other nature study and observation

21 Photography (not including wildlife)

Camping - Backpacking - Hiking - Picnicking

22 Backpacking

23 Camping in developed campgrounds

24 Camping in primitive campgrounds

25 Day Hiking

26 Attending ranger guided walk

27 Self-guided nature or historic trails

28 Picnicking

Cultural, Historic and Tourist Attractions

29 A Visiting historic areas, sites, buildings or memorials

30 Attending special events (fairs, festivals, ceremonies, etc.)

31 Attending outdoor concerts, plays or other outdoor performances

32 Attending indoor concerts, plays, performances or events

33 Sight-seeing tours and tourist attractions (paid)

34 Sight-seeing (not paid tours)

35 Reading roadside exhibits or markers

36 A Visiting a museum, educational facility or information center

37 Attending outdoor sports events (sailing or boat races; spectator at fishing tournament)

Outdoor sports

38 Golf

39 Tennis outdoors

40 Participation in other outdoor sports and games

Bicycling - Horseback riding - Driving for Pleasure

41 Bicycling

42 Horseback riding

43 Driving for pleasure (mopeds, motorcycles)

Beach Activities - Sunbathing

44 A All Beach Activities (other than swimming)

Exhibit 4