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| **Published by the DOI Departmental Consulting Archeologist/NPS Archeology Program, National Park Service, Washington, DC, October           1988.**

*The Federal archeological community has identified           a need for an organized and comprehensive public outreach effort at           the national level which can provide a framework for regional and local           public support for America's archeological resources. The goals of the           program are to: (1) foster a feeling of ownership of and responsibility           for our common heritage, (2) increase public understanding of the science           of archeology, (3) enhance public awareness of the current problem involving           archeological resources such as looting, (4) increase understanding           of how the public's actions affect archeological resources, and (5)           increase public involvement in legitimate archeological activities.           This Technical Brief represents one part of the program by providing           guidance in developing public awareness. It presents the Arizona Archaeology           Week as one example of how successful public outreach programs operate.*

*Archaeology Week represents one component of Arizona's           award winning Public Archaeology Program which also includes the Site           Steward Program (volunteers assisting Federal and State land managing           agencies in monitoring the condition of selected archeological sites),           public school curriculum development, and media involvement. Evolving           over the past six years, Archaeology Week fosters the preservation of           archeological resources throughout the State and seeks to bring archeology           to public attention. The broad-reaching success of the Public Archaeology           Program in Arizona and Archaeology Week in particular was recognized           in 1986 at the State and National levels through a "Take Pride in America"           award in the state government category to the State Historic Preservation           Office (SHPO) for its coordination of the Public Archaeology Program.*

*Technical Brief No. 2 examines the development of           Arizona Archaeology Week over the past six years, and takes a detailed           look at its history, growth, and components.*

**IN THE           BEGINNING:           The Governor's Ad Hoc Archaeology Advisory Group**

Plagued by a legacy of vandalism, Arizona's archeological           resources were offered a measure of relief in 1983 by former Governor           Bruce Babbitt who invited archeologists and citizens to participate           in the Governor's Archaeology Advisory Group. Sparking the beginning           of an important initiative, the Archaeology Group laid the groundwork           for development of public archaeology programs in the state. They promoted           an action plan for protection of archeological resources which focused           on the Homolovi Ruins, a group of sites which had suffered extensive           vandalism. The Archaeology Group's efforts culminated in the legislative           establishment of Homolovi Ruins State Park in 1986, the first archeological           park to be operated by the Arizona State Parks Board, and for which           an innovative interpretive approach is planned.

This strong emphasis on involving the public in archeology           is seen in other efforts of the Governor's Archaeology Advisory Group,           including development in 1982 of the nationally popular "Thief           of Time" poster (the forerunner of the Archaeology Week posters). 

Seeking active public participation, the Archaeology           Group initiated Arizona Archaeology Week in 1983 and served as the principal           sponsor of this program until 1986. The Archaeology Advisory Commission           formally replaced the Archaeology Group in 1986 and took over sponsorship           of the Archaeology Week celebration. The Archaeology Commission is a           statutory body that works closely with and advises the SHPO. 

**ARIZONA           ARCHAEOLOGY WEEK:           Taking Pride in the Past**

The development of Arizona Archaeology Week reflects           a continuing tradition of commitment to public awareness and involvement.           Taking place in the spring of each year, Archaeology Week is a program           of events oriented toward informing the public about archeology in the           state and involving them in archeological activities. This program has           developed into a major public relations effort which involves over 40           different Federal, State, municipal and private organizations. 

Initially, Archaeology Week consisted of a small State           Capitol Museum exhibition and a few events with limited publicity. As           successes were met with these activities, other components were added           and approaches became more sophisticated in response to the changing           needs of the program, its increasing level of participation, and the           desire to reach a greater variety of audiences. 

Because of its growing complexity, Archaeology Week           requires careful planning and persistent coordination by the SHPO. The           major components of this celebration include: 
- initial planning meeting and selection of theme,             
- adults' and children's poster design competitions,             
- State Capitol Museum exhibition and related activities,             
- Governor's and Mayors' proclamations, 
- "Volunteers in Archaeology" Award, 
- statewide events, 
- publicity, 
- follow-up: thank you letters and the annual report.

Each of these components and their associated responsibilities           are discussed below. 

**1) Initial Planning Meeting           and Selection of Theme:**

From 1983 to 1986 Archaeology Week planning was handled           on an *ad hoc* basis, and a planning meeting was held either in           November or December, approximately three to four months prior to Archaeology           Week. However, because of the increasing number of events and participants           in this program, for the last two years a planning meeting has been           scheduled at least six months prior to the celebration of this statewide           event. The principal purpose of the planning meeting is to reach consensus           on the dates for the celebration, select a theme, identify organizations           that will be sponsoring exhibits at the State Capitol Museum, brainstorm           for new ideas, discuss what did and did not work the previous year,           and assign various responsibilities as needed. This meeting is followed           up with a relatively detailed memo to all Archaeology Week participants           which reiterates decisions that were made. Communication is an important           part of this program, particularly since only one general planning meeting           takes place. The SHPO facilitates this communication effort by providing           periodic updates on Archaeology Week plans and reminders at significant           stages in planning, such as deadlines for submitting information for           the calendar of events brochure, distribution of the brochure and poster,           and set up for the Capitol Museum exhibition. 

The use of a theme for Archaeology Week began in 1986           and has provided a focus for the annual events and activities in subsequent           years. In 1986 the theme was "The Past Made Public," promoting the efforts           of archeologists to share their interpretations of the past with the           public. In 1987, "Take Pride in the Past: 100 Years of Arizona Archaeology"           served as the annual theme in celebration of the centennial of organized           archeological research in the state. The 1988 Archaeology Week focused           on the theme "Volunteers in Archaeology: Protecting Our Heritage," honoring           the contributions of volunteers whose efforts are so important to Arizona           archeology. Each year the theme is incorporated into many of the events           and activities and is also promoted on the annual poster. 

**2) Adults' and Children's Poster           Design Competition:**
1988 Archaeology Week Poster.****
 One of the most important components of Archaeology           Week is the annual adult poster design competition which encourages           artists and archeologists alike to lend their talents to promoting awareness           and appreciation of Arizona's unique cultural resources. Sponsored by           the Arizona Archaeological Council (AAC), Archaeology Advisory Commission           and SHPO, the contest results in a poster that is distributed statewide           to advertise the program and promote the theme for Archaeology Week.           The poster design has undergone a dramatic evolution over the past six           years, culminating in the high quality design for 1988. 

Since 1984, the AAC has provided a cash prize for the           winner of the annual poster contest. In previous years the Arizona Department           of Transportation, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Forest Service,           Franzoy-Corey (local engineering/architecture firm), and Salt River           Project (local utility company) have lent their support by printing           the poster. 

Archeologists have begun to realize over the last few           years the importance of instilling in our children a sense of stewardship           for our cultural heritage if Arizona's dwindling cultural resources           are to survive with integrity to be appreciated by future generations.           Working toward this goal, in 1988 the SHPO approached the AAC Schools           Committee with a proposal for a cooperative effort in cosponsoring a           statewide children's poster contest to involve kids in Archaeology Week.           The results were overwhelming, with 295 individual entries being received           from 27 separate school classes ranging in grade from kindergarten through           high school. Winning entries were displayed in shopping malls prior           to and during Archaeology Week in major metropolitan areas across the           State. First place ribbons were awarded to one student in each class,           and all others received a certificate of honorable mention. Feedback           from teachers indicated that this was a very popular program, and many           took their students to view their artwork at the malls. 

**3) The State Capitol Exhibition           and Related Activities:**
Flintknapper Chuck Hoffman               demonstrates manufacturing techniques used by prehistoric Native               Americans to produce their stone arrowheads and other tools. One               of many demonstrations that took place as part of the State Capitol               Exhibition during Archaeology Week. *(Photo courtesy of Arizona               State Parks, SHPO)*
 Reaching legislators and a broad spectrum of the public           is the goal of another major component of Archaeology Week: the annual           exhibition at the State Capitol Museum in Phoenix. Offering the public           the opportunity to explore various aspects of Arizona archeology in           exhibits and displays, the State Capitol Museum exhibition also provides           the chance to view prehistoric crafts demonstrations (flintknapping           or stone tool manufacture, pottery decoration, ceramic manufacturing           techniques). What started out as a small exhibit with one display in           1983 has expanded every year so that in 1988 there were 19 displays           available to the public. A public reception is held at the Capitol each           year and in 1987 featured Hopi Indian dances which illustrated the connection           between past and present cultures in Arizona. Invitations to the reception           and any associated activities are sent to the Governor, all legislators,           and others as appropriate. Notices are posted in public places and are           also advertised through the media. 

**8) Archaeology Week Follow-up:           Thank You Letters and the Annual Report:**

Once Archaeology Week is over, thank you letters are           sent out which request information on the activities of all sponsors.           Within three months after Archaeology Week an annual report summarizing           the statewide results is prepared and distributed to all participants           and others (Governor, State and Federal legislators) as appropriate.           Initiated in 1986, the annual report provides updated documentation           on Archaeology Week, allows evaluation of the effectiveness of many           of the components, and serves as a useful marketing tool to send when           asking for assistance or contributions. 1988 was the first year that           reliable Statistics were available on the number of people that had           been exposed to Archaeology Week, and perhaps to archeology for the           first time. It is estimated that at least 122,473 people in Arizona           attended Archaeology Week events and activities, and it is possible           that over 1 million people were reached through the various media. Archaeology           Week was featured statewide in at least 26 newspapers, 20 newsletters           and magazines, 6 radio stations, and 9 television stations. This is           based on information provided to the SHPO by Archaeology Week participants           and represents a minimum accounting of the media in which publicity           appeared. The circulation figures for the print media provided some           insights into the number of people who potentially heard about Archaeology           Week. Although it is likely that there is overlap among the readership           of many of these publications, it is possible that 1,419,159 people           were reached as a result of the print media. No figures were available           for radio and television coverage. 
Governor's Proclamation. *(Courtesy               of Arizona State Parks, SHPO)*
 These and other results are published in the Annual           Report, providing the SHPO, Archaeology Commission, participants, and           others with feedback on the scope of activities and their successes           or failures. Although this is difficult to directly measure, some of           the successes of Archaeology Week include the enhanced visibility of           the SHPO and its programs, increased interest and volunteership for           the Site Steward Program, greater interest in community archeological           parks, and broader interest in popular information on archeology and           avocational archeological groups. The Annual Report is also provided           to the State Legislature and over the past few years there has been           an increased awareness among legislators regarding cultural resources           issues. The report is also useful for informing those who request information           from the SHPO on Arizona's Public Archaeology Program. 

**IN CONCLUSION**

The past six years have focused on developing a comprehensive           public oriented program involving thousands of people. As its centerpiece,           Archaeology Week draws together many different groups one week per year           and presents archeology in a positive manner. The keystone to the success           of Archaeology Week has been the spirit of cooperation among Federal,           State, county and city agencies, private archeological consultants,           academic institutions, museums, avocational archeologist, and teachers           in the public schools. Without this teamwork, Archaeology Week would           be a less effective program. 

Every year Archaeology Week convinces a few more people           about the importance of preserving our heritage and the need to protect           cultural resources. The program focuses on the positive rather than           the negative side of archeology (don't pothunt or vandalize, don't pick           up artifacts, don't destroy our cultural heritage, etc.). It focuses           on how individuals can get involved in a positive way, on what makes           archeology interesting and on what the past has to offer. Some of the           most successful events are those that provide people a "hands-on" experience           with archeology, while teaching them that there is a right way and a           wrong way to do archeology. 

One of the other impacts of Archaeology Week has been           to make state legislators more aware of archeology as a public interest.           It is a positive experience to discuss a successful volunteer public           program with legislators rather than focusing on funding needs or changes           in legislation. Keeping legislators informed of the number of participants           in public archeology events is a critical component of Archaeology Week           served by distributing the Annual Report to state legislators. This           awareness is useful when discussing issues such as site vandalism, needs           for site protection, archeological parks, and establishment of a rehabilitation           grants program -- all of which are current topics in Arizona. 

Archaeology Week is now a regular event in Arizona and           our progress in cultural resources programs and public awareness has           convinced us that other states could benefit from similar programs,           perhaps a national Archaeology Week similar to the current National           Historic Preservation Week. Whether this becomes a national event is           not critical, although a national Archaeology Week would encourage those           States that are not now participants to promote such a public program.           Public oriented efforts such as Archaeology Week clearly demonstrate           public interest in archeology. The support generated by these programs           is proving to be invaluable in enhancing current legislation and furthering           the protection of our cultural heritage. 

**Reference**

Questions regarding Arizona Archaeology Week may be           directed to: 

**Anne Howard, SHPO           1300 West Washington           Phoenix, AZ 85007           (602) 542-7138**

**Suggested           Reading**

Hoffman, Teresa L. and Shereen Lerner          1988        "3rd Annual Report for Arizona           Archaeology Week." Unpublished manuscript, Arizona State Parks, SHPO.

1986        "The Use and           Abuse of Archaeological Sites: Educating the Public." Paper presented           at the 1986 Society for American Archaeology meeting, New Orleans.

Hoffman, Teresa L.          In press        "Bringing Archaeology           Into the Classroom." *Heritage Education Quarterly.*

1988        "Arizona Archaeology           Week: Expanding Public Awareness Through a Federal and State Partnership."           *Cultural Resources Management Bulletin,* 11 (July 1988):31, 35.

Rogge, A.E., editor          In press        "Fighting Indiana Jones           in Arizona." 1988 *American Society for Conservation Archaeology Proceedings.*

Simon, Brona, editor          In press        "The Carrot, Not the Stick:           Strategies for Protecting Archaeological Resources on Private Property."           *American Archaeology.*

Return to: Technical           Briefs            | **introduction**

**in                 the beginning**

**arizona                 archaeology week**

**in                 conclusion**

**reference**

**suggested                 reading**

**print                 version  **

**technical briefs                 index** |
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  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