# Patent

## Title
Powder and liquid mixing syringe

## Abstract

A mixing syringe having a first sealed chamber containing a powder (powder housing) and a second sealed chamber containing a liquid (liquid housing). When the user needs to inject a patient, he or she holds the mixing syringe approximately upright and depresses a plunger. This motion causes a piercer to pierce a foil seal separating the two chambers. The liquid then drops down into the powder housing. The liquid flows through a passage in a piston located in the powder housing, where it then comes in contact with the powder itself. As the user continues pressing the plunger downward, the piercer comes to rest within the piston and seals the passage through the piston, thereby locking the piercer and piston together. The device is then ready for an injection. As the plunger is further depressed the piston expels the powder and liquid mixture through a needle.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not applicable
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPEMENT
Not applicable
MICROFICHE APPENDIX
Not applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of medical devices. More specifically, the invention comprises a syringe which can mix a powder with a liquid carrier prior to injection into a patient.
2. Description of the Related Art
Syringes have long been used to inject liquid medicinal substances into the human body. Many such medicinal substances can be stored for extended periods in the syringe, ready for use. This is not true for all medicinal substances, however. A significant group of compounds must be stored in crystalline form. The crystalline form is difficult to introduce to the body, so a two step approach has been traditionally used.
The crystalline substance is stored in a small bottle. A carrier liquid—which will be used to form a solution or colloid of the crystalline substance—is stored in a separate syringe. The bottle is provided with a soft cap. The syringe's needle can be inserted through this soft cap. The syringe is then used to inject the carrier liquid into the bottle.
The bottle is then swirled to mix the crystalline substance into the carrier liquid. The syringe is then used to suck the liquid—now containing the crystalline substance—back out of the bottle. Once back in the syringe, the liquid can be injected into the patient in a conventional fashion.
Medical personnel are familiar with this multi-step approach and generally perform the steps without a problem. Certain substances, however, are by their nature destined for use by untrained persons. One good example would be substances intended to treat hypoglycemia, particularly in diabetic persons.
Glucogon is used to treat hypoglycemia. It is particularly effective for diabetics who are experiencing dangerously low blood sugar. An injection of Glucogon can remedy this serious problem. Unfortunately, Glucogon cannot be stored for long periods as a solution or colloid. It must instead be stored as a dry powder. Thus, the multi-step process described previously must be used to prepare and administer a Glucogon injection.
Glucogon must generally be available for emergency use in insulin-dependent diabetics. It is used when the diabetic is showing signs of severe distress. Someone such as a family member must be prepared to give the injection, since time lost waiting for medical personnel or transportation to a hospital can be damaging, if not fatal. The reader will therefore appreciate that the person attempting to administer the Glucogon injection (1) probably has little experience with giving such injections, and (2) is likely to be under considerable emotional stress.
The multi-step process found in the prior art often goes awry in these circumstances. The needle may be bent while trying to penetrate the bottle's cap. Other persons have injected the carrier liquid while omitting the mixing step altogether (which obviously does no good). Thus, a product which simplifies the process of mixing a powder medical product into a carrier liquid prior to injection would be quite helpful.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a mixing syringe. The syringe has a first sealed chamber containing a powder (powder housing) and a second sealed chamber containing a liquid (liquid housing). When the user needs to inject a patient, he or she holds the mixing syringe approximately upright and depresses a plunger. This motion causes a piercer to pierce a foil seal separating the two chambers. The liquid then drops down into the powder housing. The liquid flows through a passage in a piston located in the powder housing, where it then comes in contact with the powder itself.
As the user continues pressing the plunger downward, the piercer comes to rest within the piston and seals the passage through the piston, thereby locking the piercer and piston together. The syringe is then optionally agitated to promote thorough mixing of the powder and liquid. The device is then ready for an injection. As the plunger is further depressed, the piston expels the powder and liquid mixture through a needle.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view with a cutaway, showing all the components of the present invention.
FIG. 1B is a detailed perspective view, showing the secondary piston.
FIG. 1C is a detailed perspective view, showing the primary piston.
FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view, showing the powder housing.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view, showing the powder housing.
FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation view, showing the liquid housing.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view, showing the liquid housing.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view, showing the liquid and powder housings united.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view, showing the use of a linking clip to lock the liquid and powder housings together.
FIG. 8 is a sectional elevation view, showing the operation of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a detailed perspective view with a cutaway, showing the operation of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a sectional elevation view, showing the operation of the invention.
FIG. 11 is a sectional elevation view, showing the operation of the invention.
FIG. 12 is a sectional elevation view, showing the operation of the invention.



REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS















10
mixing syringe
12
needle


14
needle anchor
16
powder housing


18
liquid housing
20
primary piston


22
flange
24
flange


26
foil seal
28
foil seal


30
linking clip
32
flange


34
retaining clip
36
bore


38
bore
40
vent block


42
piercer
44
secondary piston


46
vent
48
piercer rod


50
plunger head
52
plunger rod


54
piercer seat
56
powder


58
needle inlet
60
powder assembly


62
needle cap
64
liquid assembly


66
liquid
68
passage


70
mixing chamber
72
escaping air


74
mixture
76
plunger









DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows all the invention's components in an exploded view. Needle 12 is attached to powder housing 16 at needle anchor 14. The lower portion of the powder housing is fluidly connected with the needle's hollow interior (Throughout this disclosure, directional terms such as “upper” and “lower” will be understood to refer only to the orientations of objects shown in the views, and should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention). Bore 38 runs through the center of powder housing 16. Primary piston 20 can slide downward within bore 38, though it is ordinarily held in place by friction and does not move freely.
The upper end of the powder housing 16 is open. Flange 22 surrounds this opening. The opening is ordinarily covered by some type of seal. In the embodiment shown, foil seal 26 is glued to the upper surface of flange 22 in order to seal the opening. The particular construction of the seal is unimportant, so long as it can be pierced (the significance of which will be explained subsequently).
Liquid housing 18 is located above powder housing 16. Bore 36 passes completely through the liquid housing, meaning that both ends of the liquid housing are open. Flange 24 is located on the open lower end of the liquid housing. The lower opening is sealed by gluing foil seal 28 to flange 24.
In assembling the device for use, flange 24 is pressed against flange 22. Linking clip 30 can then be locked over the two flanges to mate liquid housing 18 to powder housing 16. The linking clip is preferably made of a resilient material so that it can “snap” into place. It thereby holds the two housings firmly together.
Plunger 76 is designed to slide into bore 36. Secondary piston 44 slides tightly within the bore. Piercer 42 is a conical surface located well below the secondary piston. Piercer rod 48 locates piercer 42 with respect to secondary piston 44. Plunger head 50 is connected to secondary piston 44 by plunger rod 52. The user actually presses on the plunger head to actuate the device.
Once the plunger is installed within bore 36, it may be desirable to prevent its accidental removal (which may inadvertently release the contents of the liquid housing). Retaining clip 34 is provided to prevent the plunger's removal. It slides over flange 32 and locks into place. The reader will observe that the retaining clip features a center hole which is large enough to allow the passage of plunger rod 52 but not large enough to allow the passage of secondary piston 44. Thus, with the plunger installed and the retaining clip in position, the user cannot pull the plunger out of the liquid housing.
FIGS. 1B and 1C shows certain features in more detail. FIG. 1B shows how the upper portion of bore 36 incorporates a pair of vent blocks 40. The reader will observe that secondary piston 44 incorporates a pair of corresponding vents 46. When the secondary piston is near the top of bore 36, the two vent blocks 40 seal the two vents 46. Thus, when the user presses the plunger downward into the bore, air within the liquid housing cannot escape past the secondary piston. The air must be compressed by the piston. However, once secondary piston 44 has moved downward enough to clear the two vent blocks 40, air can pass through the two vents 46. The operational significance of these features will be explained subsequently.
FIG. 1C shows how piercer 42 interacts with primary piston 20. Primary piston 20 includes a passage 68 which opens into piercer seat 54. Piercer 42 has a male conical shape whereas piercer seat 54 has a female conical shape. Those skilled in the art will realize that if the piercer is pushed against the primary piston, the piercer will seal against the piercer seat, thereby closing passage 68. If the plunger is then depressed further, the piercer will push the primary piston downward.
FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view through the powder housing, showing it ready for assembly into a completed syringe. Some explanation of how this component might be manufactured is helpful. The needle is attached to the empty powder housing prior to the addition of any other components. The housing is then oriented upright as shown. Foil seal 26 and primary piston 20 are not yet present. Powder 56 is introduced through the open top and allowed to settle in the bottom. Primary piston 20 is then pushed downward to the position shown, where it will be retained by friction. The area below the primary piston is designated as mixing chamber 70. In this view, the reader can easily perceive the shape of piercer seat 54 and passage 68 in primary piston 20.
Once all the items are placed within the powder housing, the upper opening is sealed by the addition of foil seal 26. FIG. 3 shows the completed powder assembly 60, with foil seal 26 in place. Those skilled in the art will know that many materials could be substituted for the foil seal, such as a thin plastic membrane. Needle cap 62 is shown snapped over the needle in the view. This protects the needle and also protects the user from inadvertent injury. The needle cap is, of course, removed prior to using the syringe.
FIG. 4 shows an elevation view through liquid assembly 64. A brief understanding of its manufacturing process may also be helpful. Foil seal 28 is placed over the open lower end of liquid housing 18. A desired volume of liquid 66 is then introduce through its open upper end. Next, plunger 76 is inserted through the open upper end, with secondary piston 44 sealing off the open upper end.
Referring now to FIG. 5, retaining clip 34 can then be locked over flange 32 to retain the plunger within the liquid housing. Liquid assembly 64 is thereby complete. The reader will appreciate that the powder assembly and the liquid assembly can be manufactured on different production lines. They could even be made in completely separate facilities. They need only be united just prior to use.
In FIG. 6, liquid assembly 64 has been placed over powder assembly 60, with the two foil seals touching. Linking clip 30 is then locked over flange 22 and flange 24. The linking clip is preferably made of a resilient polymer, sot that once it snaps into place it will hold the liquid and powder assemblies firmly together. FIG. 7 shows the completed mixing syringe 10, with linking clip 30 in position.
Those skilled in the art will know that the two assemblies could be joined using many different techniques. They could, for instance, be glued together. A threaded connection between the two could also be provided. Thus, the linking clip should be understood as being only one example.
Once in the state shown in FIG. 7, the mixing syringe is ready for use. FIGS. 8 through 11 illustrate the operation of the device. The user must first hold the syringe approximately upright, as shown in FIG. 8. He or she then presses down on plunger head 50. The reader will recall that at this point vent blocks 40 are occluding vents 46 in secondary piston 44. Thus, the secondary piston pressurizes the gas lying beneath it (and lying on top of the water within the liquid housing). The gas is moderately compressed by the time piercer 42 ruptures foil seal 26 and foil seal 28.
Once the foil seals are ruptured, the liquid within the liquid housing shoots down (under pressure) into powder housing 16. The liquid flows down through primary piston 20 and into mixing chamber 70, where it mixes with the powder. As the user continues depressing the plunger head, vents 46 slide down past vent blocks 40. The compressed air is then able to slide past the secondary piston at a metered rate.
FIG. 9 shows the secondary piston just as it has traveled past the vent blocks. A cutaway through the liquid housing and the plunger is provided to aid visualization. As the secondary piston is propelled downward, escaping air 72.passes through vents 46. The size of the vents limits the rate at which the user can depress the plunger. In effect, the vent sizing meters the downward rate of travel for the plunger. This is a desired feature, since it allows time for an appropriate amount of liquid to spray downward past primary piston 20.
The user continues depressing the plunger until piercer 42 makes contact with piercer seat 54—as shown in FIG. 10. The user will feel a resistance at this point and should stop depressing the plunger. The liquid and powder housings are preferably made of transparent material so that the user can actually see the piercer seat within the primary piston.
At this point the volume beneath primary piston 20 will be filled with liquid and powder. An additional amount of liquid 66 is often left above primary piston 20. This is true because an excess amount of liquid is preferably employed to ensure complete or near-complete filling of the volume beneath the primary piston.
At this point the fairly violent injection of the liquid into the powder will have frequently produced a good mixture. However, it is advantageous for the user to swirl or shake the syringe to mix any remaining solid clumps. The syringe is then ready for injection.
If the needle cap has not already been removed, it is removed at this point. The volume to be injected is now completely sealed beneath piercer 42 and primary piston 20 (the piercer has sealed the passage through the primary piston). The syringe can be inverted at this point (or placed in any desired orientation). If the plunger is depressed further—as shown in FIG. 11—piercer 42 drives primary piston 20 toward the needle, thereby forcing mixture 74 out through the needle. The user can invert the syringe and force a few drops out through the needle to ensure purging of any air within the mixture. The needle is then inserted into the patient at an appropriate point and the mixture is injected.
The reader will thereby appreciate that the present invention can automate the mixing of a powder into a carrier liquid prior to injection into a patient. The device functions well even after an extended period of storage. This is true because the liquid and the powder are housed in completely separate containers. Even though the containers may be stacked in line, they are still separate. No water will seep into the powder housing, thereby potentially contaminating the powder.
Nor will the orientation of the device during storage affect its utility. Returning to FIG. 2, the reader will recall that powder 56 is initially stored within mixing chamber 70. If the powder housing is inverted (with respect to the position shown in the view), some of the powder may flow through passage 68 and wind up on the opposite side of primary piston 20. This fact will not significantly alter the device's operation. Returning now to FIG. 8, the reader will recall that at the point the foil seals are ruptured, the gas residing above the liquid in the liquid housing has been compressed by the secondary piston's downward travel. When the seals rupture, the liquid is propelled violently down into the powder housing. It swirls around and washes any powder above the primary piston down into the mixing chamber.
This process is not perfect, and a small amount of powder may ultimately remain above the mixing chamber. The vast majority will be mixed, however, and any lost powder will not be significant.
The embodiment shown up through FIG. 11 places the liquid housing above the powder housing during the mixing process. While this represents the preferred embodiment, it is obviously not the only possible arrangement. FIG. 12 shows an alternate embodiment in which powder housing 16 is placed above liquid housing 18. When the piercer pierces the foil seal, the powder is propelled downward into the liquid housing. The user must generally shake the syringe to ensure that all the powder passes through the primary piston and down to liquid 66. The plunger is depressed until the piercer seals the primary piston. The syringe is then swirled and the mixture is injected.
Although the preceding description contains significant detail, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but rather as providing illustrations of the preferred embodiments of the invention. Thus, the scope of the invention should be fixed by the following claims, rather than by the examples given.

## Claims

1. A syringe allowing a user to combine a liquid and a powder to form a mixture, comprising:
a. a liquid housing, containing said liquid, having a first end and a second end;
b. a powder housing, containing said powder, having a first end and a second end;
c. wherein said second end of said liquid housing is locked to said first end of said powder housing so that said liquid housing does not move with respect to said powder housing;
d. a breachable barrier separating said liquid housing from said powder housing;
e. an outlet, fluidly connected to said second end of said powder housing;
f. a plunger, having a first end and a second end;
g. a breaching element, located on said second end of said plunger;
h. a plunger head, located on said first end of said plunger and extending out from said first end of said liquid housing; and
i. wherein said plunger is slidably attached to said liquid housing, so that when said user presses said plunger head toward said first end of said liquid housing, said breaching element breaches said breachable barrier.

2. A syringe as recited in claim 1, wherein:
a. said liquid housing and said powder housing are separate containers; and
b. said breachable barrier comprises a first breachable seal over said second end of said liquid housing and a second breachable seal over said first end of said powder housing.

3. A syringe as recited in claim 2, further comprising:
a. a first flange proximate said second end of said liquid housing;
b. wherein said first breachable seal comprises a foil seal adhesively affixed to said liquid housing at said first flange;
c. a second flange proximate said first end of said powder housing; and
d. wherein said second breachable seal comprises a foil seal adhesively affixed to said powder housing at said second flange.

4. A syringe as recited in claim 1, wherein said lock between said liquid housing and said powder housing is selected from the group comprising a linking clip and a threaded engagement.

5. A syringe as recited in claim 1, wherein said lock between said liquid housing and said powder housing results from said liquid housing and said powder housing being made as one integral unit.

6. A syringe as recited in claim 1 wherein said lock between said liquid housing and said powder housing is an adhesive joint.

7. A syringe as recited in claim 1 wherein said lock between said liquid housing and said powder housing is the result of said liquid housing and said powder housing being made as one integral unit.

8. A mixing device allowing a user to combine a liquid and a powder to form a mixture, comprising:
a. an enclosure;
b. a primary piston, slidaby mounted within said enclosure, wherein said primary piston divides said enclosure into a first volume on a first side of said piston and a second volume on a second side of said piston;
c. a volume of liquid initially located within said first volume;
d. a volume of powder initially located within said second volume;
e. a passage through said primary piston, whereby said passage fluidly connects said first volume to said second volume;
f. a breachable barrier preventing fluid communication between said first volume and said second volume;
g. a plunger movably mounted within said enclosure, wherein the motion of said plunger opens said breachable barrier, thereby allowing said volume of liquid to flow through said passage into said volume of powder, thereby forming said mixture; and
h. wherein a portion of said plunger forms a seal against said primary piston once said mixture is formed so that further motion of said plunger propels said sealed primary piston into said second volume.

9. A mixing device as recited in claim 8, further comprising:
a. a secondary piston, connected to said plunger and slidably mounted within said first volume; and
b. wherein when said plunger moves toward said second volume, said secondary piston forces said volume of liquid through said primary piston.

10. A mixing device as recited in claim 9, wherein:
a. said secondary piston includes at least one air vent; and
b. said at least one air vent meters the escape of gas contained within said enclosure past said secondary piston, thereby limiting the speed at which said plunger can be moved toward said primary piston.

11. A mixing device as recited in claim 10, further comprising at least one vent block, positioned to seal off said at least one vent for a portion of the motion of said plunger.

12. A syringe as recited in claim 11, wherein said secondary piston compresses the contents of said liquid housing while said at least one vent block seals said at least one vent.

13. A syringe as recited in claim 8, wherein:
a. said liquid housing and said powder housing are separate containers; and
b. said breachable barrier comprises a first breachable seal over said second end of said liquid housing and a second breachable seal over said first end of said powder housing.

14. A syringe as recited in claim 13, wherein said lock between said liquid housing and said powder housing is selected from the group comprising a linking clip, and a threaded engagement.

15. A syringe as recited in claim 13, wherein said seal comprises:
a. a male conical surface connected to said plunger; and
b. a female conical surface on said primary piston proximate said passage.

16. A syringe as recited in claim 13, wherein said seal comprises:
a. a male spherical surface connected to said plunger; and
b. a female spherical surface on said primary piston proximate said passage.

17. A syringe as recited in claim 13, wherein said lock between said liquid housing and said powder housing is an adhesive joint.

18. A mixing device as recited in claim 8, wherein said seal comprises:
a. a male conical surface connected to said plunger; and
b. a female conical surface on said primary piston proximate said passage.

19. A mixing device as recited in claim 8, wherein said seal comprises:
a. a male spherical surface connected to said plunger; and
b. a female spherical surface on said primary piston proximate said passage.

20. A mixing device as recited in claim 8, wherein said seal comprises an occluding member connected to said plunger, whereby said occluding member is larger than the portion of said passage proximate said first volume, so that when said occluding member bears against said primary piston, said occluding member seals said passage.

21. A syringe allowing a user to combine a liquid and a powder to form a mixture prior to injecting said mixture into a patient, comprising:
a. a powder housing, containing said powder, having a first end and a second end;
b. a liquid housing, containing said liquid, having a first end and a second end;
c. wherein said second end of said powder housing is locked to said first end of said liquid housing so that said liquid housing does not move with respect to said powder housing;
d. a piercable barrier separating said second end of said powder housing from said first end of said liquid housing;
e. a needle, fluidly connected to said second end of said liquid housing;
f. a plunger, having a first end and a second end;
g. a piercer, located on said second end of said plunger;
h. a plunger head, located on said first end of said plunger and extending out from said first end of said liquid housing; and
i. wherein said plunger is slidably attached to said powder housing, so that when said user presses said plunger head toward said first end of said powder housing, said piercer pierces said piercable barrier.

22. A syringe as recited in claim 21, further comprising:
a. a primary piston, slidably mounted within said liquid housing;
b. a passage through said primary piston, whereby when said piercer pierces said piercable barrier, said powder will flow through said primary piston and come in contact with said liquid, thereby forming said mixture; and
c. a seal for sealing said passage when said piercer bears against said primary piston, so that when said user presses said plunger head further toward said powder housing, said piercer pushes said primary piston toward said second end of said liquid housing, thereby expelling said mixture through said needle.

23. A syringe allowing a user to combine a liquid and a powder to form a mixture prior to injecting said mixture into a patient, comprising:
a. a liquid housing, containing said liquid, having a first end and a second end;
b. a powder housing, containing said powder, having a first end and a second end;
c. a piercable barrier separating said second end of said liquid housing from said first end of said powder housing;
d. a needle, fluidly connected to said second end of said powder housing;
e. a plunger, having a first end and a second end;
f. a piercer, located on said second end of said plunger;
g. a plunger head, located on said first end of said plunger and extending out from said first end of said liquid housing;
h. wherein said plunger is slidably attached to said liquid housing, so that when said user presses said plunger head toward said first end of said liquid housing, said piercer pierces said piercable barrier;
i. a primary piston, slidably mounted within said powder housing;
j. a passage through said primary piston, whereby when said piercer pierces said piercable barrier, said liquid will flow through said primary piston and come in contact with said powder, thereby forming said mixture; and
k. wherein a portion of said piercer forms a seal against said primary piston so that when said user presses said plunger head further toward said liquid housing, said plunger pushes said primary piston toward said second end of said powder housing, thereby expelling said mixture through said needle.

24. A syringe as recited in claim 23, further comprising:
a. a secondary piston, located on said plunger between said plunger head and said piercer; and
b. wherein when said user presses said plunger head toward said liquid housing, said secondary piston forces said liquid through said piercable barrier.

25. A syringe as recited in claim 24, wherein:
a. said secondary piston includes at least one air vent; and
b. said at least one air vent meters the escape of gas contained within said liquid housing and said powder housing past said secondary piston, thereby limiting the speed at which said user can press said plunger head further toward said liquid housing.