FIL ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T OCTOB ER 17, 2011 J OHN L EY CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE U

NITED STATE S COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ No. 1 1- 10 64 8 Non -Arg um en t Ca le nd ar

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ D.C. Dock etNo. 1 :1 0- cr-2 05 69 -DMM -1 UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll ee, ve rs us ANTONIO ROBINSON, ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll D efen da nt -Ap pe ll an t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt forth e So ut he rnDis tri ctof F lo rid a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (Oct ob er 1 7, 2 01 1) Befo re EDMONDSON, W ILSON an d KRAVITC H, Circ ui t J ud ge s. PER CURI AM:Ant on io Ro bi ns on ap pe al s h is co nv ic ti on s an d s en te nc es for be in g afel on in po ss es si on of afir earm , 18 U.S.C. § 9 22 (g )(1 ), an d p os se ss io n wi thin te ntto di st rib ut e a co nt ro ll edsubs tanc e, 21 U.S.C. § 8 41 (a)( 1) . On ap pe al , Rob in so n ch al le ng es hi s fi rearm

co nv ic ti on on th e g ro un d tha t 1 8 U.S.C. § 92 2( g) ex ceed s Co ng res s’s Co m

m erce Claus e p owe r, si nc e th e st atut e d oe s n otli m itth e d efi ni ti on of “ co m m erce ” to in te rs ta te or f

or ei gn co m

m erce an d d oe s n otrequi re the de fen da nt ’s po ss es si onof afir earm to “ subs tant ia ll y ” aff

ectin te rs ta te co m

m erce . 1 Ro bi ns on als o c on te nd s tha t h is 18 0- m on th sen te nc e v io la te d h is Fif th an d S ix th Am en dm en t ri gh ts be cau se th e p rio r co nv ic ti on s u se d t o app ly the arm edcare er cri m in al en ha nc em en t wer e n ei th er al le ge d i n the in di ctm en t n or pro ve n b ey on d a
reas on ab le do ub t t o the jury. 2 As Ro bi ns on ackno wled ge s i n h is bri ef, b ot h o f hi s ar gu m en ts are fo recl os edby the law o f th e Supr em e Co urt an d thi s C irc ui t. “ [O]nly the Supr em e Co urt o r th is Co urt s it ti ng enba nc canjud ic ia ll y ov erru le a pr io r pa ne l d eci si on .” Uni te d Sta tes v. Ma rt e , 35 6 F .3d13 36 , 13 44 (11 th Cir . 20 04 ). Fir st , we hav e rep eat ed ly hel d tha t § 92 2( g) (1 ) is no t a f aci al ly unc on st itut io na l ex erci se of

Be causeRobinson never ra ised this issue below, we r eview f or plain er

ror. United 1 States v. Pete rs , 403 F.3d 1263, 1270 ( 11th Cir. 2005). “We re view constitutional sentencingissues de novo .” United States v. Stee d, 548 F.3d 2 961, 978 (11th Cir. 2008) (pe r curiam). 2Co ng res s’s Co m m erce Claus e p owe r. Se e, e.g . , Uni te d Sta tes v. J orda n , 63 5 F .3d 11 81 , 11 89 (11 th Cir . 20 11 ); Uni te d Sta tes v. McAl list er , 77 F.3d38 7, 3 89 –9 0 (1 1t h C ir. 1 99 6) (reject in g a n a rg um en t tha t § 92 2( g) ex ceed s C on gr es s’s Co m m erce Claus e p owe r be cau se itdo es no t re qu ire a subs tant ia l ef fecton in te rs ta te co m

m erce ). Ro bi ns on ’s as- ap pl ie d c ha ll en ge to § 9 22 (g )(1 ) is als o un av ai li ng be cau se th e g ov ern m en t i nt ro du cedsu ffi ci en t ev id en ce t o p ro ve th at th e fi rearm

ha d p rev io us ly trav el edinin te rs ta te co m m erce . Ro bi ns on ’s sec on d arg um en t i s al so for ecl os edby prece de nt , as the Supr em e Co urt h as he ldth ata pr io r co nv ic ti on is no t a f actth atm us t b e al le ge d i n th e in di ctm en t o r fo un d b y a jury bey on d areas on ab le do ub t i n o rd er t o e nh an ce a de fen da nt ’s sen te nc e. Almen da re z- To rr es v. Uni te d Sta tes , 52 3 U.S. 2 24 , 22 6– 27 , 23 5 (1 99 8) . Mor eo ve r, we ha ve ap pl ie d tha t h ol di ng to sen te nc es en ha nc ed pu rs ua ntto § 9 24 (e). Se e, e.g . , Uni te d Sta tes v. Ma rs ei ll e , 37 7 F .3d12 49 , 12 53 , 12 57 –5 8 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 4) (refu si ng to ex te nd App re ndi v. Ne w Jer se y , 53 0 U.S. 46 6 (2 00 0) , to ov erru le Almen da re z- To rr es ). Acco rd in gl y , we affi rm . AFFIRMED.

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