NASS/CDS Data Elements

CODES FOR BODY TYPE

CDS APPLICABLE VEHICLES

Fignuy wth
Convertinie 4
Unknown

Automabiles
Donvartibie (excludes sumrast, th:
Zedoor sedan, hardtop,
Budperid-dear natenback

Adar seaun, hardtop

Sedeari4-door hatchback

Station wagon (excusing ven and tusk based) ian
Haxchback, number of deurs unkrawn agi
Other sutamadite eype {spec

tte tight coro

sional truck tyre

ube

fut fruske is 8.800 kgs OVW

Cab chess haved finctedes rescue vehicias, fi
arse, dursg, ard tow trusk]
Theck nwsed pane!

Light tronk bexes materhame leh

ais mewsnted

joa; Unknawn autemobile tee nheavween ght Soe Syne f
trunk?

Autoonotiia Derivatives
1G} Aute based pickup tinstudes BI Car
flanchero, Brat, ans fabbit picks) -
{11} Auto based pansl fearge station wagon, auts based OTHER VEHICLES
embulanceshesrse)
(21 Large Housing - more than t
shassis
Three-wsiveal autor

6, Cabatiers,

+ side dears ot strewhed | uses sExcivdes Van Based}
} Sohoot hus tdesiged te very students, not
ae

fg... Uawet, ineas

443)

of automobile derivative nee cate

nity, bus based

Unity vericies is 4,800 kgs GVWR:
L1G} Compact utitity Ueap C42 - C7, Scrambler, Golden a te

Eagle, Renegade, Larads, Wrangler, Cherokee [88 end {B81 Unknows bus tyne

20 8, Bronce 17& and

natorel, Explorer, , Bee Tracker, Bravada,

yy, Thing, Pathtinder, Trooper, Troop:

Rodec, Amigo, Navaie, 4-Runner, Montes, Samssrai,

Gidekick, Ros
i

Meauimibeavy Trusts (> & Gt kgs GVW
180) Sup ven i> 4,
(Bib Si uM straght suck, 16,800 kgs < GVWR so

8.880 keel

unit straight truck (8 J

TEDOS kegs!

‘Dhyis uret suaght truck (> TL,00G kas
cians

Stage wet suaight truck, GVWR unknows

umiheayy truck based motarhome

ter vesth ne cara ailes

SO kgs < GWA

ane betare!

mohanger, Tranauster eine 178 and fear, eu

size Blazer, fullsize Jimmy, Lendstuiser, Rover, ‘
Beoutl

HG) LUtilty station wagon Chevy

wburben, GME Suburban,
ohees suburbE

rte Rat
173} Utuity, unknown bedy tyre Yruck waster put
170} Trsck tractor 5
van Sased Light Trscks (8 4,800 kgs GVWR: 178} Unknown mnedismibeavy tusk tune
12Gb Mimyen iChyysier Town and Country, Caravan, Grand 478) Unknown truck type tigh dierorhesey?
Caravan, Voyager, Grand Voyager. Mir

DodyeiPiymourh Viets, Avrosiar, Villager, Luming APY, Matored Cycies iDues Net inedude Ad-
Trans Seurt, Sihoustte, Aswe, Satan, Toyota Var, icles /Lycies)

Toyota Minivan, Prawie, Nasan Moxvar, Quest, CO} Matorsyrie
Missuniehs Minivan, VanageniCamper, } Moped Gnerareed 9
Lange van (8150-8350, Sporternan, Royal WAR Threewhast matnreve!
Ram, Tratesman, Voyager 184 and before}, £350-E350, 1BB} Other motored cysis te
Euunoline, Clubwagon, Cneiaau, G10-G30, Chevy Van, ety
Reauvile, Soort Van, G1E-G35, Rally Van, Vand 189) Unknomes Wiotered dyke Bite
(22) Step van or wamcan van fs 4,506 kgs GVWR?
{23} Van based mocorname {4 4,800 kys GUY
{241 Van beeed sehost bus tx 4.600 ¥gs GVH}
1OR) Van based other bus (x 4,500 koe GVWR}
122) Chthar van type iMeDube Var, Kory) (ope:

reat

or Vahicts

APY iAivTesrsin Vohisie) ane ATC 1aik Terrain Oyeieh
ae

(32) Face aquipmerk
ve {B21 Construction en:
eae van es ~ IBY) Other vatucis tyos

_ ‘ BBS} Unkraven bosly type

ree than fucks
at other thar wacky

Ey

Lught Conventional Trucks (Pickup styie oab,

= 4,500 kos GVWR:

Compact pickup (BSG, Colt F712, Ram 0,

Asrow Pickup Horsigni, Ranger, Couner, 3-

LUV, 5-15, 7-48, Sanome, OateuniMissen Pickup, up,

Mazda hus, Teyeta Pickup, Mi ish Pick!

434) Large Pickup Leen Pickum, Comanche, Mam Pickup.

1DO-DSED, WIGO-W3SO, F100-F35Q, LM-C3E, KI

SG, H1O-R3G, VIRV3S, Siversce, Siers, 8100+
RECO)

Tt,

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 61


Occupant Injury Data

injury Severity and Outcorne

As discussed above (see Table 3} forash de associated with untreatabie
injuries (AIS=6). Rather, the probability of death increases sharply with injury severity, and
many fatalities ocaur as a result of one ar more injuries thal are generally onnsidered
survivable. Crash injury oulcomes—~ 'y, hospitalization, needed emergency medical
care, first ald Yeatment, and no treatment needed—are generally a function of the severity
of an cecupant’s mo: other factors, such as the number, severity, and
type of additional h @ and overall healthy extrication fime: ete.

persen’s

ary determinan| 1 outcome f
fo crash-involved car cocupants acoorelir
and the ze

he maximum iniwy severity. Table 13 shows the
g ta the AIS values of

njury severities. This
sustained
observation or
jan, without
esult of

fibution is shown in

maximurn injury sev
table also inchudes the
in the crash as a result of
due to a pre-existing medi

Table 14 for involved light i

nts.

National Automotive Sampling SystemyCrashworthineas Data System 1992-1994 23


Nedicnant dighway

National Autemotive
Sampling System

Crashworthiness
Data System



NASS/CDS Data Elements

ORIGINAL SPECIFICATIONS WORK SHEET

Wheelbase cs ston, inches x 2.54 =

Overall Length ne atts ona, “VHCRES X 2BE & ewe eee eee

Maximum Width coves wis usta, inches x 2.54 = ee ce ee OE i

Curb Weight ee ww. pounds x 4836 = 0 0 Uk

Average Track inches x 2.84 « ee nates om

Front Overhang: oe inches x 2.54 =

Rear OQverhang ce ee eet, “UCHES x ELBE ©

Undeformed End Width ce ee ee TCHES K ZLB @ ee eee eee OM

Engine Sizes cyl./disel. 0 0 0 ee x BGL « ce be
CIB «16h & rok

73 National Automotive Sampling SystenyCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling System Crachworthiness Gata Systems interior Vehicle Forms Page 4

VEHICLE INTERIOR SKETCHES

Bote ran Bf sjectand

coy

coy

ced the damaged aranis) on the iontrurnent panst outline (2.3, cadia, glove
strecture,

22 annvwtivn as may he appropriate,
nd fins an the Fainte of Uscunatt

National Automotive Gampling SystenyCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1984 81


Vehicle Crash Data

Light Truck Crash Modes and Areas of Damage

ions for towed ight tucks Inveived in crashes are
except for rollover crashes. The
passenger cars. Table 6 shoy
das and areas of damage.

Crash mode and area of damage distrio:
generally sirailar to those for towed cars.
rofiovers for light trucks is 2.6 limes that

1-3 Quader Tums
4+ Quarter Tums
End Over Enc

Total Roiiover

Nonrollover
Single-Vehicte
Frontal Damage
Side Damage
Fear, Top, or Under Damage

tal Damage
Damage
Top or Linder Damage
Totai Multiph cle

Total Nonroliover

Total Crashes 622,323

12 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

@

US. Deparment of Transpocation

Teena! tgnmay Prat Sofet INTERIOR VEHICLE FORM

DENT SAREUING BY STE RE
PRUNES LATA SVETERR

1, Primary Sampling Unit Numner

Glazing Gamage from Impact Fores

IBLE OTP RE TR ERS. AR

2. Case Number - Stratus

Me te Ni mn
Saaaieaaivaad 26. 21. Root 22. Gtrer_
INTEGRITY
ating damage trom inoect tore

4. Passenger Compariunent integrity
120) Ne integaty tows

ne end faled torn impant torcan
Glazing euvabpiecs ineacked af noth and not Auled from
ieepamt tercen,

Yea, integrity Was Lost Through 1B) Glazing out-atgiacs and holed from impact forces
EO4E Wirishieta 4G) Glazing disintegrated Hom wngses fuze

(2) Door (ei 17) Glazing cemeves pros te accigent

{02} Boorthatch thack cucth WB) Mo gazing

a Root (8) Unkaown if damaged

1081 Roof giaes
(OE! Side vansow

107) Rear window thackught:
108} Roof and rect glese

anng Damage from Occupant Contact

109} Windatunid and door ixide? BS.WS_ 24.iF 28. RE 26. LR EPL RR
TO) Windehiews and cof , an .

141) Side and reer windaw ince window and backlight? 25. 8 29. Roat_ 90. Osher

{12} Winderinid aed cite window

193} Boot and side window iO} fo osnupant cantect 9 gineing oF

198! Ovher nombinetion of above fepecityl: 81) Giuzing contacted by occupant tat

IZ) Glazing m place and cracked by oceupert oor
1993 Unknown re {3} Gtaring in plece ead healed by oonupant contact
13 cur-piplece foreckad or noth By eccupent
end not Relat by Geoupant sentact
4% subofplace by aacuparit contact end holes by
eccupant comtans
{8} Glazing dxintegrsted by ocoupant contact
19} Unknes OettEGted hy ae

Qoor, Tailgate or Hatch Cpening

SUF 8B 7.LR BRR 8. TG

1 No Glazing Damage And No Ue

f No pant Conisct oF No
Glazing, Tran Code (V31 Through

{46 As ©

11 No doorigatesarch
(3) Boorigataihatch remained closed ang operations
12) Qoorigatesistch corns pon dating soi
GB) Donrlgataihatch jammed anut Tyne of Window
{8} Gther toecityr:

indshinkd Glazing
S1.WS 22, .F 3a. RR S418
36. HL 37. Boot 38. Other

io) Osknewn

ia lating comact and no damage, oF ne glaring
me Lamers

Damage /Failure Associated
Opening in Coffision. 8 1V

with Dear, Tailgate or Hatch
H-IVOR x 2,

{3} ASS Tanparedtieed

OLE Ft. RE TAR. 13. RR 14. TCIM 14 AGAG ~ Giawe Plastic
— — — —_ — BBE Other tenesity}:

IG} No duccigateshach of donr not opened

war Gainews
Door, Trilgete ot Hath Came Open During Catigion
{11 Door operational (nv damage

{Z) Latehistnker taiiure due to damage

331 Hinge taiture due to damage “ t
LAL Dane enucture teiues due ts damage 89 WS 80. EP AT BE A218,

Window Preceash Glazing Status

43. RR

15} Gove supnort fi.n.. pillar, sit rack side rai, AS. BL 4B. Rook 4B, Other
ste.) failuce dua ta darnage Se OO ae, OS" ste

181 Letchiotriher gent hinge tailure due to damage se, ot

(Es Ones tains toonestor {Oh fa ecing eactaat aod wo dara, oF m0

13) irunowa

ot) Fatty opened
$2) Vexnewn

HS Farm 4380 Rov. 194)

76 National Automotive Sampling Systenv/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Occupant injury Data

Body Regions Injured in Traffic Crashes

There are about 1,994,000 cars towed away from traffic crashes every year. The incidence
of crash-involved occupants in these cars is about 3,026,000 per year. Of these, abot
1,456,000 car occupants per year are injured, ving about 3,623,000 of Vanous
severities, in various body regions, anc by various injury conlacis. Table 19 shaws the
distribution of all injuries incurred by injured occupants of crast
te each occupant’s most severe injury, reported in Tables 9-18} as a function of i
severity and injured body region. Table 20 shaws the same distribuilon for in;
occupants of Hght trucks.

The numbers for “injured, severit
tables using iru
the injuries. An AIS of 7 is assigned to an
about ihe injury aveilat ALS of 7
the occupant was injured, but no inform:
occupant with an MAIS of 7 may noi

ry unknown" (AIS=7) are lower i
ne level of inforr
ry when thera is not suffic’
aesigned fo an cecupant when
ign about ihe injury is available. Theref
@ any associaied injuries coded,

owen that
ore, an

Table 19
Distribution of All Injuries to Crash-invalved Car Occupants
by Bady Region and Severity: Average per Year, 1992-1994

Body Region : ee

Head (Brainy 2 % BE F20
Head (Skul)

Head Ones x 30,3 7 Z 8 43,428

Sthoukler gad Back

“Bor wack body 1:
vow iMel. and the thi

3C National Automotive Sampling Systemy/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Appendix G. Statistical Methods

Two aspecis of the NASS/CDS:
appendix, These aspects are:

« The univariate imputations of m

* The sampling errors for the weight counts over the 1992-1994 period.

The method for producing esiimat yage-ieed CDS
ratio-adjusted weights. Thase sam B are appended
electronic data file. By surnming the
estimate of the national total tor that charac

Imputations of Missing Data

A univariate imputatior
data
imputation pro
{Tabie 2}. The proceds
proportion of ail the known values of
using the values of the rollover, cra:
the CDS data. The assigned values

Crash Mode

ROLLOVER = 1, 2,9
ROLLOVER
ROLLOVER
ROLLOVER,
ROLLOVE
ROLLOVER,
ROLLOVER =
ROLLOVER = and ¢ GRAS

Ri PLOVER ©
ROLLOVER
ie ROLLOVER = é ane
43 BOLLOVER
14 ROLLOS 3 and CRA
15 OTHER CASES NOT I.

ER eevsa cages

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 107


Occupant injury Data

Figure 10
Distribution of injuries by Body Aegion te Crash-invelved
Light Truck Ocoupants by Restraint Ueage: Average per Year, 1992-1994

Restrained Unrestrained

Sain: 174877 (28 ae)

Skulk: $00 {0.495} - o A 2,068 (4.395)

Meck, 11,823 (1.9%} Neck: 7,314 (3.4%)

Lower

Totat Total
Restrained Unrestrained
Ocoupantes Decupants:
818,482 238,452

3
3

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthinesa Data System 1992-1994 2


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data Systen

HY GV24
HGV24

58. Oriver's Zep Coda

Other ispesity):
Usknown

OTHER DATA

4900001 Dy
19000

ode actus! S-digit zip
(S8S88) Unknows

87. Driver’ $ Race/éthaic Orig’

White {nan-Hiscanich

re Black inon-Hignanic)
{31 White (Hispanic)
i4} Black (Hispanic)
{8h Americar f

lan, Eskimo ar Aleut

46) Asian or Pacific islander
{8} Cither ispecify}:

te Special Use (This Tip}

10} No epecial use
Ou Faxi
i2) Vehic!
Vetic
uM
} Poker
Os

used as scheat hus
used as other bus

ry

Waring
truck oF car

«
= @, then GvS8-4V63 must equal $.

6}
ity
12)
13

Ss

y Unnknowen rofiover ir

her vebicie
Other rollover initiation type specify).

ation,

60, Lenation af Rollover iniuation

fig rollover

On roadway

On shouider-- paved
Gn shoulder ~unpaved

} On eeadeide or divided watficway median
i Unknow

ef Initiation Object Cammseted

Wirere Inkiat Princi

cation on Vehic!

No rollover
Fight - primary
i teft ~ primarily about the longitudinal ais

1S) End-overend iLe., prrnanty about the lateral

straight
Blowing or tipping in tra
Starting in traffic lars
Brepped is watfic lane

$: OF Gverisking another vehi
4 teavel fas

acking 1p fothar then tar sacking position?

Si Negotiating 8 curwe

Changing wes

Merging

‘esstut avnider
efitivat avert

AB} Other tape

28 maAneuweEr TOS previous

He

48 ‘Otiver pre
8) Unknown

National Automotive Sampling SystenV/GCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1994

Gensral Vehicle Form Page &



Oecupant Injury Data

Table 20 (Continued)
Distribution of Al injurias to Crash-involved Light Truck Oceupants
by Body Region and Severity: ar, 1992-1994

Abdomen: Zi 4 Tet ort 12,481

Upner iarenities,

5,888

22 B77

FOBRSE

All Other

8,230  4.655,879

of ininies, the second rw shows the percentage of the

total.

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashwarthineas Data System 1992-1994 33


NASS/CDS Data Elements

o

rosie ghnay Tae tet ravenat accineict samnune svete
Siesbatce EXTERIOR VEHICLE FORM MUMCci gwen unit uara syste

3. Vehicie Nutaber

1, Primary Saraping Unit Ne

2. Case Number - Siraturt

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION:

VIN Moxie! Year

Locate the end of the damage with respect t¢ the v
of an undamaged axle tor side impact

Specific hepact No.

NOTES: identify the plane at whicn tt
sil, etc.) and fabel adjustments (e.g. iee space).

Maasure and docurent an the vel

Measure Ct to C6 from driver to passenige:
inpacts.

Free space value
the individual C
side taper, eto.

tour when at
protrusion,

Use as many linesicolumas as necessary to de

Specific Durest Gamage

Plane of meact Gy
impact CoMeasutements Width Max Cc Cy fy om 20
Number, ee “ AEDS} tru!

BS Form 288 ile, 1/24

Q
Es

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthinesa Data System 1982-1994


Statistical Methods

The weighted frequency distribution of the data for years 1992-1804 before impu

ON Was:

Crash Mode Frequency Percent

Ry

it

OD Ge an

10
14
ie

Total 5,882,239

Tha crash mode values 7, 8, 13, 14, and 15
crash type value 15 was distributed accord
other crash modes (1-14):

Crash Mode Praquensy

14 4,202,794

Fotat $882,212 108.0

108 National Automotive Sampling Systern/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Occupant Injury Data

Occupant Ejection and Entrapment

Table 23 shows the rates of occupant ejections from and entraprnent inc
towed cars. Two degrees i guished complete and part
Tabie 23 are shown by primary crash modes and areas of damage. Similar

Table 23
Occupant Ejection and Entrapment in Crash-involved Towed Cars
by Degree of Ejection, Crash Mode, and Area of Damage:
Average of Nationally Weighted Counts per Year, 1992-1204
Ejection 0) 0 Re

Rollover 8,346 J 158,836
5.2% ot 8.3%

Nonraliover
Singls- Vehicle
Front 3 4 Git M15 ,S7F
08 FBI
497,744

Rear, Top, or Under ‘ 24,777
0.8%

Side

Muttipis-Venicle
Bront 1.04? 2B wie {224.287

. ‘i : 40.9%

Bide 7 74,209
: 4 BRE

Rear a 2 260,734

Yop or Under
RB

Totat

apped and the

e number of coougaris ejected or ente

second row shows

Note, Damages Arsa the known damage arcas.

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data Systern 1962-1994 43


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accidems Sampling Systam-Crashworthiness Data System: Occupant Assessment Form
EJECTIONIENTRAPMENT

plete ejection

12) Partial ejection

iS) Ejection, « own degree
iB) Unknown

ction Area
No erection
Windshighd
} Lett frome
Fight front
Left rear
Right rear
Prat
Root
Other area t2.9., back of pickup, ete)

14, Epection Medium
iO} No @j f
ii} Goorinatehstaiigate
2) Nonfixed cof srracture
{2} Fixed glazing
14) Nonfixed glazing ¢

} integral structure
iB} Other medium (specify):

16, Madiun: Statu:

Page

minedistuly Prior To impact)

UCTS

Snuapged means that part ef the
person was in the vehinie and me

jamuned doarg
uties ty PASRIVES BYE BOL
tiuie entrapment)

AG} Not entrapped

it} Enteapped

4) Unknown

National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashwarthiness Data Systern 1992-1994 89


3. Vehicle Crash Data

Car Size

ibe

Aboul 1,994,000 cars are towed away fror
shows the distribution of these cers by w
76 percent of all NASS/COS towed vehi
(see Tatle 5)

ene of traffic crashes

; the rer 4 24 percent were

Table 7
Crash-invelved Towed Cars by Weight Class, 1982-4994

Weight Class

Smal! (<2.509 ths)

Mid-Size (2,800-3 ibe} 5,183

4,808
288 ,

18,038 z 1,994 680

Fort Tempo, Meroury Tracer,
Sundance, Fa:

crash modes

ft frequent

ge and all
aly. Rollover

T: 2 and Figure 2 show the
and areas of darnage. Frontal damage in
crash lype, a&court
other nonrollover o types account for 29 percent anc 12 percent, 1
ear crashes account for the remaining 5 percent.

ibution of harmful outcon ‘oO the car
ociated with hi fs proportions of . For

5 percent af towad car crash: 6 responsible
6 car occupants in towed 6
Wi 12 percent of the cases
percent of the hanrn- ed injuries to occupants (see:

These crash frequenc
occupants. Cerain
example, although rollover oce:
tor about 14 percent of the harm-weighted i
the other hand, car cra: i
but are responsible for aboul 8
Table 24).

National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 5


Contents

28. injury-We
Towed Cars by Degree «
Average of Nationally Weighte

26, iIniury-Waighted Occupant Eject i

: by Degree of Election, Cras! Mode, atid Aree of

ly Weighted Counts per Year, 1902-1984 |.

Figures

1. Crash-involvad Vi 6
2. Distribution of Towed Car Crash Modes and Areas of £
3. Distribution of Towed Car Crashes by Crash fy and Area of

Namage, 19e2-
Dat

1992-1984 2.0...
4. Distribution of Crash

vs. Light Trucks, 1992-1994
5. Distribution of

Cars va. | , 1982-1904

wilved ©

Car Oey

Severity and
@. Distribution of Injuzi

and Severity of injury, 1992-1994
. Distribution ‘of injuries by Body Ri

. Distribution of injur
by Restraint Us

12. Towed Car © Oo pant Eje
1992-1994 ae

1. Exection-indu
Decree of Ej

Page

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Occupant Injury Data

able 22
Distribution of Al injuries to Crash-Involved Light Truck Occupants

Steering Assembly & 10,877

instrument Panel tas BBL i 2 U4eb7t

Windshield

Restraint (Belt)

Head Restraints

27,833 §

38,442

gariact, the first dat
row intel, and the third row she

percentage

40 National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Date Syetem 1982-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling Systers-Crashworthiness Data System: Exterior Vehicle Form Page 6

40. Location of Fuel System-1 Leakage

tone or two tacks onty!

AY. Location of Fur
(0) No fuel tank
ti) No tush ieakage Yes -

Mare Than Tue Tanks
Primary Ares OF Leakage
(2) Tank @
(2) Filler neck

(4) Cap

{6} Lines/pumpyfilter
16} Vent/emigsion recavery {3}
18} Gther ispecityk

babes fe
Type of
tk fection __
Filler cap lon:
Tank damage
Lasetion ot leakage
Type of tual
( Linknown if more than bee tar’

19} Ukr

43, Fuel Type-2

Singte Fuel Tyee

£00} Ne fuel tank

{01} Gasoline

{621 Diesel COMMENTS:

103) CNG (Compressed Natural Ges}

{OAL LPG (Liquid Petroteurn Gas} also
known a3 Propane

{OB} LNG (Liquid Natural Gas}

{06} Methanol 4100 or 3]

{G7} Ethanol (2100 or EAS)

408) Other (Hydrogen of oxhers} tapex

Blectric Powered or Electric/Satar
Powered Vehicies
{10} Lead Arid Battery
iV} Mickeliron Battery
Cadmium Battery
de Battery

{29} Unknown luel type

+** STOP, IF THE COS APPLICABLE VEHICLE WAS NOT TOWED AND WAS NOT AN OPS ***
LE, GVOG=0 OR 9 AND GV36 = 0}, DO NOT COMPLETE THE INTERIOR VEHICLE FORM.

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1 994 75


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling System-Crashworthiness Date System: interior Vehicle Forn

MANUAL RESTRAINES

NOTE:

Encode t
lound below. Restraint systems shoutd be
Ccupam Assesement Form.

Had

safety seat is present, e

if the vehicle has autom.
pape.

he applicatie data for each seat position in
essed durir

de the data ¢

ic restraints available, encode the appropriate dats on the beck of the previous

vehicle, The atinmate forthe varlab

the vehick: inspention then coded on the

the back of this nage.

Center

| Aaalabilcy

Used in this crash?

Ange n

Proper U
(Failure Modes

1 Availataiey,

[ Bv.dence of usage

Used in this or

Failure Modes

sh
. sed in this crash?
| __ Proper Use

BwE+D | OOM

| Fatture Mowes

Manat (Actival Balt System Avaiienitity
fudne available

Beit removeuidestraved
Shoulder belt

batt
14} Lap and shouider belt
Belt availatle ~ type unkagwr

letegett Belt Pactiaily Desteoyed

16) ‘Shoulder belt tap
deswoyediremove

17) Lao belt ihoulder Delt
dastrovadiemaved:

1) Crther belt leper
49) Ueki

Manus! (Active Beit System Use

{HO} None axed, not avaiable, or belt
remevedsestroyed
inoperable tspecity}

ee saute bet
te Bhd shiaulder bet

Belt used - tye unknown
HOB} Other belt used (apecity?

104}

(12) SHOUGST AW Weed WIR Ohta Watery Seat

U1) Lae helt used with chiid satety ceat

14) Lap and shoulder belt used with chite
satety seat

{18 Bex used with cnutd safety seat -
type unger

(18) Che belt useo with chitd safety seat
‘specity

ABB) Unknow FRR tsed

Props ise ot Blerual teetivel Salts
1G) Nor used ox not exe
it) Gelt used properly
(2) Belt used properly with chid safety seat

Beet ised imorapesty

Shaulder bel warn under arc:

Shoulder belt worn behing back or seat
felt worn around wuve than one pessoa
Lep belt worn ort abdomen

Lap belt or lap snd shoulder belt used
imipromerty with child safety seat ispecifyh:

RGF TAABET USE TT WAR BER BV atem
tapecify

i) ON

Moral tActive} Balt Failure Modes During Accident
any

ns senbing tects Soe webbing not
ined

Broken buckle or latchplate

13} Upner anchorage saparsind

1b) Other anchorage seperated ispecit

i Sekar ERE

17) Combination of shove (specity

ao Ba ERNE PERN
(9) URGE

84 National Autornotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


National Automotive
Sampling System

oi 2h we Crashworthiness

Q

U.S. Department
of Transportation

National Highwoy
Traffic Safety
Administration

Data System

Mel}



Statistical Methads

Crash-invelved Occupant Charncteristicn Estimates and Standard Errors
Estimate Standard Error* Estimate Standard Error*
$06 496,000 |
4,006 280,090
5,090 BO4
19,090 TAti 400,000
20,000 506,000
36.000 690,000 .
46.000 700,000 !
§0.006 806,000
80,006 iC
79,000 4,006,606 .
89,000 V40G,000 73,308
90,000 4,200,006

par biinixy?

imate
standard error.

112 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1904


Contents

1. Crash-Involved Towed Cars by Weight Ci
2. Distribution of Towed Car ¢ Crash Mose

3. Di
Average per Year. 1992 1996
4, Gecupant Seating P:
5. fbution ot To sx anti Size, 1993- 4994 :
6. Distnbution of Towed and Areas of Damage,
1992-1904 .

7, Distribution of Towed Light Free
Araa of Damage: Aver:
. Oecupant

. Distr ut on of Crash-Invol ved
and Maximum Injury Sev
Distribution of C: involved
se: Average per
. Distribution of Craste Involved Light Truck Drivers by Age @

. bis
by Soy F
26. Distribut!

wt Fruck Sor upant
Year, 1992-1904 20. ee
Sar Ocoupants

. Oncupant Ejec
by Degree of
Average of Natio

24. Oocupant a

Tables Page

. 3

32

iv

National Automotive Sampling Syster/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Appendix H. Errata

in the previous report, National Accident Sampling SystemvCrashworthins
1997-1993 [DOT HS 808 296, Augus! 1995}, Tables 3 and 7 contained inc
corrected tables are shown below.

Table 3
Distribution of Towed Cars by Crash Severity idelta-v) and Area of Damage:
Weighted Average per Year, 1991-1903

| a0 mph | 14-20 mph

228,335
54.2%

74.972
ABA%

B83

ewe

81,468 |
400.0% |

Unknown

Total 249,342 $97,852 108,823 1882,077 | 2,149,028
32.5% BL YAR 2% 24a! G4B% | 100.0%

vehicles, and the second row

crash severities were kr

percedage of the total for each a
shows tho pe: i the grand totai

National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashworthiness Dela System 1992-1994 113


Occupant injury Data

Tabhe 15
Distribution of Crashdnvalved Car Drivers
by Age Group and Aicolol ise: Average per Year, 1992-1994

No Alcona! Present
Ale resent

Not Reported

Rot Coded

8.947
VBS

387.324
EES,

310,888
TP

Table 16

484,214

7.8%

1%

276,348
13.9%

soy SHOWS

Distribution of Crash-Involved Light Truck Drivers

by Age Group and Alcohul Use: Average per Year, 1982-1994

Police Raportes
po Aleoral Use

Me Afechol Ps

ot Present

Not Reported

Not Coded

C.B%

86,944 148,354

435%

62,083
13.2%

485,070
2E.8%

‘oho category, the

18.2%

data tow shows ihe number of drivers and the

9882
48%

620,692
100.0%)

413,478
S.3%

nd tow shows:

28 National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Data System 1962-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

Nations! Accident Sampling System -Crashworthiness Des System: Caougant Assesment Fare Page 4
HEAD RESTRAINT AND SEAT EVALUATION

27. Seat Performance this Gecugant Position)
{0} Cenupans rot seated or na sew

No seat perfcemsnce laiure(st

} Seat adjusters failed

{3} Seat back taldir

25. Head Restrain Tyee
Occupant Fo:
iO} No head restrants

1} Imagral-no damage

cs at “sear hack” failed

tah ispecifyh:
(4) Adustable~damaged during accident i4} Geat track/anchors tailed
{Bi Add 1o damage {5} Gefonned by impact of occ

(8) Addon ed during ancident {6} Selorned by passenger cornpartment intrus!

(9) Unknown

28. Seat Type this Do

ant Position)
{GO} Ocougant not seated or no eet
{OU} Bucket

{02} Bucke
{03} Bend!
104) Bencts with separaie back cushions
(05) Bench with talding backis!

‘ith folding back

06) Spit benoh with s

HIG) Pedestal U8, oGlucin support
{08} Other seat type tspecity)

(10) Box mourced seat
198) Unknowns

National Autornotive Sampling Systery/Crashwarthiness Data System 1992-1994 91


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling System-Crashworthiness Gate Systern interior Vehicle Farm Page 7

HEAD RESTRAINTS/SEAT EVALUATION

NCITES: Encode the applicable data tor each sast pusition in the
be found at the bottom of the page. Head restraint type/d:
assessed during the vehicie inspection then coded on the Oc:

hinie, The attribute for thes:
age and seat type/nertormanc
upant Assessment Porm,

gana

Canter

Head Restraint Type/Damage

i Seat Type
s Seat Performance
Sear Orientation
$s Head Restraint Type/Damage
& | Seat Type
0 | Seat Performance
b Seat Orientation
+ Head Restraint Type/Damage
q Seat Type
8 Seat Performance
p Seat Orientation
o Head Restraint Type/Damage
vi Seat Type
E Seat Performance
5 Seat Orientation

Occupant Sosition

10) fis head restraints

no damage

damaged during accident
1) Adustatte ~ no damage

{4} Adjustable ~ damaged during accident
18) Add-on — na damage

16) Add-on, —- damaged 4
16) Other Specify}:

ing aocident

{9} Unknown

100} Oceunant not seated ar ro seat
(01) Bucket

102} Bucket with folding back

(G3) Bench

404} Bench with separate back cushions
165) Bench with folding backis)

{07} Split bench with folding backis}
(G8) Padestal fi.e., colume supported)
{03} Other seat type ispecify!:

Hand Restraint TypeiDamaga by Occupant st This

{O81 Split bench with separate back cushions

(Gi Box mounted seat (.e., van type)
(83) Unknown

Seat Parformance {this Geoupant Sosition?
G} Greupant not seated of nm seat

Gi Beat back folding locks or "ses

Seat Ukigntetion fthix Qeeupant Position)

Oh

t Forward tacing seat

Ain sek perlormanoe failureta)
Seat adjusters failed

specif .
Seat usrhalanchors failed

Getormed by impact of accups
Betormad by passenger cer
ietnisicn topecity®:

Combination of above Ts,
Other isoecitys:

Urknews

Occupant sot seated of ne seat

Beas facing sest

2 facing weet (award
Bide taciem saat outward!
Gther fapecitys:

CONTACT PATTERN)

DESCRIZE ANY INDICATION OF ABNORMAL OCCUPANT POSTURE 6.6., UNUSUAL GCCUPANT

86 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Vehicle Crash Data

Figure 3
Distribution af Towed Car Crashes by Crash Severity
and Area of Damage, 1992-1894

Nate: Data taken from Til
oh crash severit

does the crash frequency

much more slowly thereafter,
) severity interv

injury proportions (nel shown) in the fi
3 are 6 percent, 39 percent, 21 pe
compared with ihe correspondin:

hit is true that
CFBSh Ses
40 mph. For example,
eg under 40 mpl
in side and rear impact

ry proportions.

majorly of the inj
92 percent of the injuries to oncupants occur
injury proportion under 40 mph is 98 percent f

8 percent, 9 percent,

National Automotive Sampling Systemv/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994

9


Glossary

Trattioway
Any ngnt-ofway open to the
persons or property lrarn o
property lines or oth:

Vehicle Type

y vehicles.

S2 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

Page 2

Nationa! Accident Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System: Cecupant inhey Foren

poipaia f SaOINES WOHJOUN J9yId 49 YYE WOH Jo} SAasTIOS wHOYIe AG POIEOHL sysMHLs Ne IO
fag “GOA, BINIIEH “WBASP '3G} HEIOG “SAWIANG WwORRYy IBAdy “GORETCT aR es

SaIUNPNI SNSSEL LIOS — VLVO ABNTNI TVIDIdO

98 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

INTRUSION WORKSHEET 1
NM keaton inruded sreay
Yarticat |
Longitudinat ea
Row 3 va ) g
With & aroun, Y
, BRA A Ags
= D(A | 1 Ge
e \ poe
— \ Bul |
J
an vance!
a 7
&
Sal,
_ _ »
“LORATION | ~ |
OF INTRUDED COMPARE
VALU

INTRUSION |

Cagument ne mare than the 18 mast severe intecoars

National Autornotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthinese Data System 1992-1994 77


Occupant injury Data

it is apparent from Tables 19 a
injuries of all severities are ma:
injuries of high severities (serious
where two distributions are shown: one
severities, each adding un to 100 percer

ly regions most frequently
m those most frequently ¢

§}}. This is Hustrated
ies and one for seric

fected by
ected by

tis evident in this figure that body regions as face, neck, sho
are injured with a high frequenc eral, but occur at very low frequenc!
maximum severities. Conve fs i ad {br
spine, and abdoman are fas
when all severities

Figure &
Distribution of Injuries to Crash-Invelved Car Occupants
by Afferted Body Region and Severity of Injury, 1992-1994

Brain}

Head

and Back
Abdom

Spin

Upper Extremites
Pelvis

Lower Extremities

34 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Occupant Injury Data

The ejection rates shown in Tables 23 an:
However, due to the very harmful outs if
associated with occupant ejects her, as shawn in Tables 25 and 25,
which show injury-weighted ( see Appensdix F} on end entranrnent data
for crash-invaived towed vehicles, and Figure 13, whien ahows eieclion-inducec
for towad
therelore, inp.
ejection itse’f,

24 are generally s
of onoupant

Table 25
injury-Weighted Occupant Ejection and Entrapment Rates
tor Crash-invalved Towed Cars
by Degree of Ejection, Crash Made, and Area of Damage:
Average of Nationally Weighted Courts per Year, 1992-1894

185,882

4.8%

Single-Ver
Front

Side
Rear. Top, of Under

Muitipie-Vehicie
Front ie 16 BPE, 68S 7,837,438
BM BEAM

Side ¢ 432,952 6,987,950
¥ BBS

Rear #65 4,183,080
Top or Under

Totat 4,863,787, 4,585,502

BP 8.5%

48 National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Glossary

Passenger Car
Any motor vehicle that is an aulomobile, auto-based pickup, large #
three-wheel automobile or automobile derivative.

ine, OF

Passenger Vehicles
includes passenger cars, pickup trucks, vans, and sporffutllity vehi
GVWR jess than 10.060 pounds, Equivalent to CDS applicable vehici

Palice-Reported Crash
A crash investigated or reported by a police officer, documenta
farm which is signed by the investigating officer, and reported to the
reporis submitted only to motor vehicle officials are excluded.

Primary Sampling Unit (PSU)
A city, county, or group of contiguous counties with an aggregate population of at
least $0,000 which defines a geographic area for crash investigation. tl
selection is the first slage in the probability sarnpiing of

Restraint Usage
hy operated

Roadway
Thai part of a tafficway used for motor vehicle travel ar, where Venous
classes of rnotor vehicles is segregated, that pert of @ traffieway used by a
particular class. The roadway excludes shoulders, designated pa: lanes, and
median areas.

Serious-Maximum injury

organ injuries. Uniass otherw
fatally injured persons as serio
severity level (see AES).

noted, summary
aly injured, but exalude those v

Towaway Crash
A crash which is noted on the police report aS valve
apphoable fs
from the crash.
person must be an occupant of the towed COS appl Hoable ve!
the CDS.

ing at wast one COS

Towed Vehicle
A GDS appli
the crash scene due ta damage resulting from the crash by m
wrt POW,

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1962-1994 51


Occupant injury Data

Table 28
injury-Weighted Occupant Ejection anit Entrapment Fates
for Crast-involved Towed Light Trucks
by Degree of Ejection, Crash Made, ans fees of Damage:

Average of Nationally Weigh

ted Counts por Year, 1992-1984

Complete
--Bisction

Rollover

Nonrallover
Single

Fear, Top, or Under

Mulfipie-Vehicle
Fre

Side

Top or Uncer
Yetab

“For each crash
second row show!

2,588,304

SDM

835,713
Tiss
364,508
8%
FEARS
4.0%

4 BIAS77
BE
834,144
43.2%

5,084

ay ee

AGE O38

oy
PO

National Autamotive Sampling Systenv/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 47


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accidant Sampling Syst

Croshwarthiness Gata System: interior Vehicke Farm Page 3
STEERING COLUMN E

87. Steering Colu
(1) Fixed co!

Tut column

lescoping column

{4} THt and telescoping c
Other column type ts

jan of Steering Rim/Spoke
erustion
1 No steerh

ng rim deformation

¢ SECuITTS

&

105) apr hal af rimispoke ;
# Hof sispake A
7) bat fy i

H
i
i

RX
feft blank “— (G8) Complete steering wheel collapse
ao that numbering consistency {39} Undetermined location
can be maintained with the (88) Unkenwn

18B8-34 COS.

INSTRUMENT PANEL

89, Blank AK A | G4. Odometer Beading B09
(This variable is loft blank
$a that numbering consistency
oan be maimained with the
1983-54 COS.

s fode te he

Less thar 1,500 bitometers
388. BOG Kitareters of mare

80. Blank XxX K
iThis variable is ielt bhark
So thal numbering consictency
can be ingintained with the
3988-84 COS.

we ROR KT BOSE a scare

2

- instrument Panel Damage from

1, Blank XxX Oocupant Comact?

iThis variable ig ie?t blank

So thet numbering consistency
gan be ninintained with the
1988-94 COS.

. Kavee Bolsters Deformed from
ugant Canmet?

92. Steering Riva/Savke Geformation Yes
Cade actual measured } Not present i
Befomation to the nearest centimeter 5 i

Unknewn
{O0; No steering rim deformation “ i

{G1-14} Actas! measured value in centimerers
(15) 18 centimeters or more 37. Did Glove Compartment Door Oper

188) Observed deformation cannot be measured During Colisionts!? *

{39} Unknowrs 10} Ne

1 Yes

iB} Not present

1B: Unkeown

86 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashwarthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampting System-Crastiworthiness Bata Sy

16)
47)
18)

Fe

(GO)
Oy

42)
(03)

iOF
ay
ay
Beit

(2)
bal

26.
iy
2}
13)
ot
1B)

tar
42)

1B}
19}

anual (Active? Belk Sy:

i imp and shoulder belt

} Bett used with child satety seat
Ht ea

Rane avaiiabte
Belt removed/destrayed
Shoulder deit

Lap delt

Lap and shoutdes bett

Beit avaliable ~type unknown

Integra! Ben Partially Destroyed

Shouttter belt flap bel destrayediremave!
Lep belt (shoulder bet destroyadéremon:

Other helt (specify)
DARROW

Manual (Active) Batt Systern Use

Norte used, not available, or belt
removedidestroyed
inoperative (specify):

SREUIMEF Beit
Lap beit
Lap and shoulder

i Belt used -—type unknown
3 Other belt used (specify!

Shoulder bal Osed WRN Chine
Lao belt used with child safety
used with

safety seat

Other belt used with
ispectyh
Unknow BER

Bom

—

Proper Use of Manual (Activel Belts

None used or not available
Bet used properly
Belt used properly with o

satety seat

Used impenperty
Shoulder belt wor under arm

Shoulder belt wom behind back or seat
Sek worm around more than one gersen
Lap belt worn on abdomen

Lap belt of fap and shoulder belt used
improperly with child stety seat (specity!:

Oier eNBESBET TBE tse F

specify:

Unkiewe

Manual (Activel Belt Feilure Medes
Oring Accident
1G} No manual belt used

No manuai belt failure(s}

Torn webbing istretched webbing not
ineheced)

Broker buckle or latchplate

Upper anchorage separated

Other ancharage separated tapecity):

Broken retractor
Combination of above ispecity

tiher Manvel Bek tai
DARROW ~~

ype unknown

RESTRAINT SYSTEM EVALUATION

a
ia]

ah
4th

Police Reported Me;

} Dkher of automatic restraint ispecity?

2 Dooupert Ausessment Form

ruc tieeesa!
Als bag discannectad isnecity)

Unknown

dent tas a

Ait bag de
prior te aeci
hag deployed, accident sequence

t

Unione:

re indications ot Air Bag.
valianess?

available

Rot equinpedines
No
Yas tspucity:

Sus Varlabtes 44 through 4¢ Page
for information on Automatic Bette

None used

¢ did net indicate restraint us
Shoukier bet

hap belt

Lan and shavidar bet

Bak used, tye cut specified
Child safaty seat

90 National Automotive Sampling Systern/Crashworthiness Date System 1992-1994


Gecupant injury Data

Tabie 22 (Cortinued}
Distribution of All Injuries to Crash-involved Light Truck Qccupants
by Injury Contact and Severity: Average per Ye:

Pee

_tedity Contact |

jor

Non-Contact injuries 3 z 40 ss J 83,382

Fire i Vehicle: ci 1 4 e £ Brel

SA776

28% !
eGd ¢ «i 4 5,520

P.0%

E428
Vehicis or
Object)
Side and Rear 3,448 38,1tt
Gazing

All Others: “ 3 BS o 81,826

Unknown

“For each injury © i Hw SHOWS f isijtdihes, the second row 4
row total, and 8 e

National Automotive Sampling System/Grashworthiness Date System 1992-1994 41


Contents

Executive Summary 0.000.600 0 ee

1. introduction |
Background .
Obje bovine
Vehicies under Consideration...

COS Estimates 0 ee es

2. Perspective o. 00.6

3. Vehicle Crash Data .......-
Oar Size .

Car Crash Mades and Areas of Dai

Car Crash Severity
sition of Gar Qccupan
Class and Size of Light
Light Truck Crash Modes and Ar
Light Truck Crash Severity... .
Seating Position of Light Truck Occupant Bice

Darnage

4, Occupant injury Data
Crash-invol
Use of R see

fect of Restraint Use on injur

Saverity and Quicgme ......-

at Alcohol Use on injury Fi

Body Flagions Injured in Traffic ¢

Restraint i

Injury Contacts... .

Occupant Ejection

Appendixes
Glossa ny

” NABSICDS Zone

3

. Errata Lev eens

Zommooe>

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994

if


Statistical Methods

Standard Errors of the CDS Estimates

The national estimates produced from the CDG data may differ from the true values,

crashes, The
The standard error of an estimate is a
estimate from: this particular CDS sar:

sure of the precision or reliability w
approximates the result of a census.

standard error far each estimate in
es of totals are presented |
nd for occupant characteristi

ft is impractical to compute and provide a
instead, genaralized standard erro
twe tables for vehicie characte
(32). The general Standard error tabi
occupant tables, u: three

1, The standard errors for selected est!
sees approximation

2. An equation that bast fit the standard errors was found using regresaic

3. Approximate sta
standard error

fed from this equation, and

2s ware produced.

Shown in each table are the values for the ties and an astirnate of one standard
for that value derived from the 1992-1994 CDS data. By adding and subtracting one
standard error to the associated estimate, approximate 68 percent conmficierice intervals for
an estimate can be if ted annial average number of sn

crash-involved, towed cars is. gives report as 298 cars. To x
one standard error for 2 Table or in n this appendix. Sine 655,
appear in Table G1, d error vaiues fo! the
estimates 600,000 and 700,000. One : app: f : error woul

= 45,369, The confidence interval for this
to 704,287.

ioulate
dogs not

The lormula used to compute the
information on standard error estimate
Statistics and Analysis.

110 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

destrian a Pedsioye:
$80} Pedestrian a v6:
ae)

ig Veluche Loss of Conwroi Bue To.
Blow out or flay rine
Sra

fag. Hoes Hew

ie, wie}

tapecity)

106}

Doser of Aasnat
108) A

om us
back i roadway

Sbject approaching

Object ~unkenwe locatio

This venicle Traveling
(20) Over the tane tine on
114) Over the i
412) u ge of the ro
113) Qt the edge of ad ott 1 i
114) End departure (88) Gakriwr
28) Turing lett at intersect: 7

176) Toe 3
117) Crossing aver teas:
19) Unknown travel dire

(ME) Diet ceticet precrash ever tspecity)

For Corrective Actions Attempted see variable GV1G
iAttemped Aveldance Manuewer)

Other Morar venicte ia Lane
{50} Stopsed

endande Maneuver

Gt No av:

(2) Shidding lorgkudinatly entation fess thant 30
aegre
Skigding favor

not other F ation

vehivie

in tane

Other Motor ve
180) From ad
fante ting
164) From adjacent ane (same directian) ove
fane ine 5
821 From opposite direction —over lett lane ine °
162) From ongasite direct
164) From parking ane
185) From: ornssing street, ture

driver present
Precrash stability

te Encroaching ime Lene

Precessh Dir
Avoitance i
{6} Ne avaida
tt} Yehicte

direction
168} From crassing street, across
167) Eros crassing street, turing i

2 don roadway, not known if
mended path not knows travel lame whare avoidance maneuver was
to same diesction initiated

direoties
iG8) Fram crossing stres
(70) Fromm driveway, tury

(79) Brom driveway, acre: iA} Vanicie departed roadway i
(2) From driveway, turning inte opposite direction tS) Avoidance maneuver iutieted off roadway H
173} From driveway, intended path noi known {B) Ne driver present
424) From entrance ta immed access highway {3} Directional consequences unknown
(78) Encroachment ny other vehicle — deta:

unicriowves

+49 IP THE CDS APPLICABLE VEHICLE WAS NOT INGPEGTED 05, GVGSa0h ee
DO NOT COMPLETE THE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR VERIGLE FORMS.

+ ** IF GVOT DOES NOT EQUAL 01-49, DO NOT COMPLETE ##+
THE EXTERIOR VEHICLE, INTERIOR VEHICLE, i
OCCUPANT ASSESSMENT, AND CCKUPANT INJURY FORMS

88 National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Glossary

Entrapment
Ret

restr

complete the vehic’
ammed do
We entrapment, Qecurants p

who are compl
by thelr own ven:
nonskiered antragy:

2

86 result

i by an ocoupant w

Fatal Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash
A crash oh
within 30 da

Fined Object

J objects

Injured Occupant
Orci
reguil of a ¢

idle sustaining any type ¢
mpact fares,

Light Trucks

Jok-based station wagons, ¥

ay

O08 poun:

Maximurn 41S
Represenis ine
applicabie r

vest AIS level sustained by ar

Motor Vehicle in wane ort
A COS

of ip motion within @ trafloway.

Non-Fixed Objects
Objects that are m:
pe

rot motor vehick

ocupant
Any person

ble motor ve

CDS apn

ole in Transport.

50 National Automotive Sampling Systern/Crashworthiness Deta System 1992-1994


Appendix F. Harm Definition

“Harm” is a concept developed by Mal i
consequences of the total mated number of
commonly used for pricsitiz: in creshwor

7 Quantitying, or normailzing, the relative
vaah deaths and injured people. Harm is
268 DIOMTAT plannir

‘.

Harm attributes to each survivin
costs (excluding properly dam
injured person, The
injured people. Na
estimates of
of the average to

ch severly level by the unit cost estimates
ures are then summed fo arrive at

the Abbreviated injury Seale (AIS) af shx
ro AIS 1 Gvinod to AIS 6 (Maximum), Table Ft
associmed with the mandy AGS for a given

grades of increasing inseat-tco-
provides the latest “Econom!

Table Fe provides Co
for pain and suffering

@ Harm figures that inch
cluded in the “economic® cast schec

National Automotive Sampling Systemn/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 105


Occupant Injury Data

Table 13
Distribution of Crash-inveived Car Occupants by Treatment

and Maximum Injury Severity: Average per Year, 1882-1994

Minor!
ee

Hospitalized
18 Days

3-7 Days

8-14 Days

3G Days

of the row total.

$872,889

234,166
13.2

136,484

4,058,888
44.2%

16,698
6B

138,987

4.8%

1,388
18%

2,383

40

G.O%

88,225
18%

“For each treatment category, the first data row shows the number of in}

88.

4,835 YOR 278

G3 5.8%

ssund row shows the percentage

24 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashwarthiness Data System 1992-1994


Occupant Injury Data

Use of Restraints

The annual distribution of injures ia org
severity and restraint use is shown i
Table 12 for crash-in

involved Gar Ose by maxim.
me £1. & similar loin distribution is shown in
UPAnts,

Table 14
Distribution of Crash-invelved Car Occupants by Mestraint Use
and Maximum Injury Severity: Average per Year, 1802-1964

Frechoncy of k

i

Miner iModerate)
eo

88 3,328
30.4% és Sy LBS

Br
44.8%

Marcial Bett
Bett With
i Seat

Fatal,
Festrained

Tota Keows: 1,328.967 981,794 133,208 EY? BE SEF
B4S% 84.8%  B5.B% Bos BS 55.0%

Linknows

Tatat 5 3 4.05 83 fi &. 18 z 3.926 489
AOO.%

20 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthinees Data System 1992-1904


Statistical Methods

tuted according to the following

in step 2. the crash made values 7 and 8 were é
proportion distribution af crash modes 4-6:

ar i

Crash Mode Frequency Parcent i
4 529,989 7a4
5 362,921 22.2
6 39.244 $4
Total 732,428 400.0

In step 3, the crash mode values 13 and 14 were distributed according to the following
proportion distribution of crash motas 9-12:

Crash Mode Frequency Percent
g 4,828,012 86.5
16 1,808,183 30.8
14 4B 1,862
12 BEE
Total 3,343,873 400.8

Alter imputing the missing crash modes io known crash modes, the distribution for all cars
was as follows:

Crash Mode Frequency Percent
1 3.3
2 15
3 oA
a 13.8
& 292,809 4g
8 58,164 10
3 2,464,881 Ate
12 1,430,326 23.9
wy 623,078 12.4
42 BS44 a4
Totat $982,229 100.8

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1984 109


Occupant Injury Data

Table 26
Distribution of All injurizs to Crash-nvolved Light Truck Occupants
by Body Region and Severity: Average per ¥:

Region

Head Brain}

Head (Skull)

Head (Other)

Shoulder and Back

“Bor oath bouy region,
tow total, and the thd row sho

ata row st 3
ws the peroantad

32 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashwarthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

a

LB, Deparienane o

renepurtotnin

Rational Higttiey Trettic Batety
Admmnivtrasion,

GENERAL VEHICLE —

MATHINAL ACCIDENT SHOMPLEUS SYSTEM
EESSHWORTINESS DATS SYSTER

1. Pumary Sampling Unit Number
2. Case Number - Stratucn
3. Vehicle Number

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION

. Vehiole Modal Year
Code the last two digits of the
(99) Unknown

. Vatuole Make isnect

Apgiicable
NASS Data Collection, Coding and
Editing Manual.

{28h Lnktiown

. Webicle Model tspecify!:

Applicable
NASS Data Collection, Coding and
Eating Manual.

(993) Unknown

Body Type
Note: Applicable codes
ihe bach of this pege.

shicle identification Number

sstify: Slash zeros and intter Z iS and 2)
Cade aff zercs
Unknown Code all nines

OFFICIAL RECORDS

9, Police Reported Vehicle Disposition
{O} Not towed due to vehicie damage
{1} Towed due to vehicle damage
(9) Unknow

. Police Reported Travei Speed _

Cade to the nearest koh (NCTE: OG0 means
jess thati ep}

(160) 155.5 kph and above

4889) Unknown

we MORK 1BO83 © ph

say be found on

model year

ACCIDENT RELATED

No ate
Yes &
Not reported

Mo driver uregent
Unknown

oa

+ See varianies 37 drow
iFage 4} for inform:

8
‘B 1 Test sefised

187) AC te perigrmed, results unknown
198} Ne driver present
188) Unknown

Source:

12. Speed Lim
{OOO} No statutory fet

¥y seed tral

Rade oasted of stat
is kp
(988) Unknow:

kph

. Attempted Avoidance Maneuver
1OU No avoidance actions
{02} Braking ine fockugt
103} Brabing Bockvol
14) Beating deckup unknown)
105} Releasing brakes:
LOG) Steering feft i
(7) Steering Hane
ct steering lef
# Braking and stawring right
3 Aggelerating

192) Osher action (saecify):

tom Daksows

18. Accident Type
Agphoabie codes may be found on the
hack of page baa of this field far:
{OO} Ne impact
Cele the number of the disgram that
beet desoribes the accident circumstance
(98) Gitar accident type fapectt

aeee SKID TO VARIABLE GV37 IF GVO? DOES NOT EQUAL 01-48 **°*

ME Foun 438 (ev. 124)

60 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994



NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sempling System-Creshworthiness Bata Systems: intedor Vehicle Form Page Z
OCCUPANT AREA INTRUSION
ons, leave variattes IVA7-41V86 blank. | INTRURING COMPONENT

He ne intrasi

interior Compncsmes
(Os & 1g assembly

Location of intruding
fexnzion — Compenent at intrusion

e
104} Instrument pane! aght

{0

Toa pan
ALATA pillar
{07} Bepitlar
{08} C-pittar

of (or convertibin top}
{13} Roof side cai

(14) Windshie!
(1S) Windshield header

137) Floor pan tinciides siti
(18) Backlight header

9) Front seat back

120) Second eeat back

423} Third seat back

eed 122) Pourth seat back

122) Fifth seat back

{24} Sest cushion

(25) locr/panel {e.g., tatgate)
(26) f interior component (spect

Sth

6th

an
Th 7, Pe TR Ta 128}

Extecine Sompnasnts
{30} Hood

8th {31} Outside surface of this vehicle (s

ispecify): __.

62. $33} Unknown extariar object

{87} Catastrophic

(88) Intrusion vi unlisted componentis)
Ispecity)

{89} Unknow:

Toth

LOCATION GF INTRUSION MAGNITUDE OF INTRUSION

on . 31) 2 A cemimeters bet < & cemimeters
From Seat Fourth Seat (2) & & centimeters but < 16 centimi
stb Lett (41) Left 3)
(42) Middie 142) Middle iH
(13) Right (43) Right 8)
d
Senons Sear 197} Cetastran e
121) Lett {98} Other envioaed ays
122) Middle area (opecity) iG} Unknowns i
(23) Right oe

Third Beat ° DOMINANT CAUSH DIRECTION
G1) heft O) Vertical
(32) Migdie IZ} Longitudinal
(33) Right {3} Laterst

(7) Catastrophic

19} Unkroven

2 15 centimeters but < 31} cen
a SO centimeters but < 46 a
te 46 cantinaters but < 61 6

78 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Occupant Injury Data

WS aS af ry
ve 7. Vhis figure # ROOMS
progresses the it {88808
from “Mone” to ie” B.S rirnents hy i
shown in Table 14.

8, aS

Figure 7
Annual incidence of Injured Crash-invelved Car Occupants
fy Maximum injury Severity anc Treatment, 1982-1984

Number of Ora

Transpaded
aed Pralease

4,030

480.600

16,000

26 National Automotive Sampling Systeny/Crashworthiness Data System 1902-1904


NASS/CDS Data Elements

@

US. Deparment of Teananacration

Notional Highway Teatic Sefety
Adeniniotretion

OCCUPANT INJURY FORM

NATIONAL

Form Apaccued
CLM, No. 2127-0021

ACKIRENT SAMPLING SYSTER

SHORTNESS DATS SYSTER

1. Primary Samgiing Unit Number 2. Vehicle Number
2. Case Number - Svatum ce | # Besupant Number
INJURY DSTA.
Record below the actual injuries sustained by this accupant that were itentified from the officiat and unot
sources. Remember not to doubie count an injury just because i was ifernified trom two different gources. ff
greater than ten injuries have been documented, encode the balance on the Orcupant Injury Supplement.
: Gesupest
Bavree Tyee oF Specie Doacth Brea
ot Rady  Anetamic Anatomic Levelt ANS. pdbisect ion
Date Region Stuctere Infery Aspeet Source iavel tury Muenber
tet To Be Be TO te 1
ted 18 PB Fc
on Bh 38
ath 38 BG. at 42 46 AB
Sth AB a Ct ee
Br 80. a: a Er 70.
Pho Ph Fr ie | ene L rcs 80.
eh a3 28. a7 oS Be
gn 88 En a: 29. an 182 ce
poh TOS, 108. 108. 107 108. Tn en)

nem ABS {1/9

96 National Aut

This report ia authorized by PL. 89-483, Tete 4, Haction 108, 158, and 313. Wide you are not required tw respons,
your cooperation i needed to make tie remdts of this dete culeation afer romarehensive, scowsts, and dinety,

omotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Vehicle Crash Data

Table 2
Distribution of Towed Car Crash Modes and Areas of Damage, 1992-1994

fh Mode and : s
a of Damage : Total Samy

Rollover
3-4 Quarter Turns 656
44 Quarter Turns
End Over End

Totai Rollover

Nonroflaver
Singte-Vehicle
Frontat Darnage
Side Damage
Rear, Top, or Under Damage 3 #6 19,388

97,603

Total Single-Vehicla 2 B82 x 386,574
Multiple-Vehicle

Frontal Damage:

Side Damage

Rear Damage

Top or Under Damage

Total Multipie-Vehic! 30,862

Total Nanrollover 13874 4,893,762

Total Towed Car Crashes 15,036 4,894,080

into the known damage areas.

Note: Damage Arca “Unknown” has been irnpute

8 National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

STEERING RIMISPOKE DEFORMATION

12 Meassramans

at DEFORMA

EDMPARISON \

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashwerthiness Data System 1992-1994 79


NASS/CDS Data Elements

CHILD SAFETY SEAT FIELD ASSESSMENT.

T
Qecupant Number

¥. Type af Child
Safety Seat

2. Child Safety Seat
Ortentation

3. Child Satety Seat
Harness Usage

a. Child Safety Seet
Shield Usage

BR. Child Satery Seat
Tether Usage

& Child Safety Seat
MakeiModet

4. Type of Child Safety Seat 3. Child Safety Sest Marness Usage

{0} No child safety seat
tH} infant seat

AZ} Toudier seat

{2} Convestibte seat

4, Chile Safety Seat Stdeld Usage

5. Chiki Safety Seat Tether Usage

{4} Booster seat Nose: Options Below Are Used tor Variatdes 3-5. |
{7} Diner type child safety seat ispenityk (30) No child ssfery seat
12} ioven child gafesy seat tyo: Not Designed with Hamess/Snietd/Tether
19} Unknow if chitd safety aeat used fO1) Alter market harnss/: dicexher
sdged, not used
2. Child Safety Seat Grientation {O02} Aker marker herness/ahieid/rether used
4 « (OF) Chikt cafety eest used, aut ne after market
{OO} No child safety seat Harnesa/ematdnerher added
Designed for Keer Facing for 103) Unknown ff harnessishiatd ether
This AgeMWeight added or used
404) Rees facing
102} Forward facing Designed With Harness/Shieki/Tether
(G8) Other orien é ‘i {1}} Hamess/shieldtether not used
{12]) Humess/shusiditester ¢
(OB (18) Unkrows if Rarnens/st father used
Designed for Forward Pacing for This Unknown ff Dex ss/Shietd/ Tether
AgeNdvight 121} Harnessishi
{11} Rear facing (22) Harmsefahisidamther used

ta) Forward facing (29) Unknown & harnessishieithether used
{181 Gther oreriation tepecitys:

{89} Unknown if chid safety cest used

(19) Unknowe

6. Chik Safety Seat Make/Model
Unknown Design or Orientation For This iSpecify makefmodal and ocaupant numbert
AgetWeight. of Linknawn Age Weight
124) Rear facing
{22} Forward facing
(28) Other arientation ispecity):

28}

199) Unknown if child astety seat used

National Autornotive Sampling Systery/Crashworthiness Data Syetem 1962-1984 98s


introduction

CDS Estimates

istics presented in ins report are
f crashes that occurred in the
iple design and the pre

sampling errors for the weighted average counts over
Appendix G.

1892-1994 periad are provi

2

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994

period
re used


NASS/CDS Data Elements

AUTOMATIC RESTRAINTS

. Encode the data for each applicable front seat posinen. The atts

belew. Restraint systems ht

Assesament For

be assessed Guring the ve'

AIR BAGS

ie inspeotion then coded

ute for the variables may be fo;

Lett

Right

bvaitabitity Function
Deployment

ae

Palure

Ate Bag Syntem Avadabiity Function
iO} Alot equipordinar available
{i} Ain bag

Hon-tucstionat

(2) Air hog dinccanested (specify)

Bi Bag Syster Degioymant
WO) Bot equippedincr avaitanis
iD) Ait bag deployed during accident
los @ fouult of impact!
AZ) Av bag deployed inatvartontly just
pring te eonidert
13) Airbag deployed, ancient sequence
undetermined
(A Nendopioyed
(2) Unknown if deptoyed
bug deptoyed ae a souls of a
nonvolizion avent during secant
sequence 10.9., TiS. ExEesion,
eisettical)
(8) Urner,

AUTOMATIC BELTS

Ata Thare Indications of Ais Bag
Syosam Fadure?
Gt Nat equippa
(ih Be
KG Yas iepenity

8 avaitabte

i

Lek

Right

Availability/Function

Use

Tyne

g
{

R

5

Propex Use

Failure Modes

Autematic (Passive) Halt Syster
AevailabiinyiPoratian,

10) Kot equppedinor avetabie:

It) & point eutomane beite

EG 9 paint automeny belts

eb Aw ic heats + type unknown

Motifs

ist

prtignral

somatic helre dosuayed oF
denderes pensive

Bb Unknawe

Aunamatic (Pennived Balt Byotom Lee
# equinpedinot svolabicidestayed

Anstornatc,
Automatic belt not in use tmanuatiy

Automatic Passwe} Bult Sysinm Type
WD) Mot euvinnedinot wvatiadia
Hit Homsoturizad oyster
42h Morarize syetorn
1S) Unknows

Proper Moo of Automatic Paonivat Balt
Syaresss
LO} Nat aquippadinnt availebtemot weed
{2} Auromasic belt Goad prapery
{2} Automatic belt used gropatty with
child safaty eat

Atstomatix Batt Used impeatasty
Aastumatie shoulder bait warn woter
art

{4} Automate shoulder felt worn betond

hack

Automatic bait warn arcurd more

than Gre person

iG} Lap partion Gf automate Balt wor
pn Bhdoesen,

OP: Auromatic lap and abauider batt or
automatic shuuider belt used
improparty
Wain chits safery seat jane

fis

sa) Deter baproper Ven of autamane
eyotesss

ispecity!
Lasseves

Austomasic Paasivel Hatt Fades Modes
Rexing Ancigent
{G} Not eyuinpedinot svaitaut
DP Bg sutemiste bolt failaretel

sa

EX} Teen erekbing (essetched webbing not |

instudedt
EBE Broken tuckle ar latahpiawe
JO) Upper anchorage separated

JSt_ Other anchorage sugurated specityt:

tg) Eiken retreat
1) Combination of shave tavecify}:
aa et failure tasenrtyt

National Automotive Sampling SystenyCrashworthiness Data System 1902-1994 89


Statistical Methods

Table G1

Estimate Stancard Error” Estimate Standard Errar* |
500 . : ; 3,287
Oo 200,000 16,282
3.486 . 200,000 22,348
- 400,000
pone 500,000
609,000
_ 700,000
_ 800,000
809,000, 61,891
88124

4,500,000

1.406.000

4.206.600

«ef +p lin (ayy

where:
a = 4.800439

b = 0.034205

K = esimate
slandard erat

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 111


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling System-Crashwarthiness Gate System: Qccupant Assessment Form

AUTOMA:

BELT SYSTEM

44, Automatic (Passive! Belt System Availabiity/
Function
10} Not ppedinot avaitatle
12} 2 ooint automatic belts
{2} 2 point automaue belts
{3} Autormatic belts - type unknown

Nan- functional

(4) Automatic belts destroyed of rendered
inoperative

iS} Urknown

. Automatic (Passive) Belt System Use
(0) Not equipped/sot available/destroyeds or
rendered inoperative
it} Automatic belt in use
{2} Automatic belt rot in use {rmanusily
acted, motorized track inoperative!

(3) Autoniatic Beit tise taki
19} Unknewe,

46.

Automatic (Passive) Belt System Type
10) Mot equipped/not available

1} Non-motorized systent

{2} Motorized system

(2) Unknown

47. Proper Use of Automatic (Passivel

Beit Syatem

1} Not equipped/not available/not used

(i) Automatic belt used properly

{2} Automatic belt used properly with
child safety seat

Automatic Bett Used improperty

(3) Automatic shoulder belt worn under arm

14) Automatic shoulder belt worn behind back

18) Automatic belt warn around more than
one gersor

{6} Lap portion of automatic belt worn
on abdomen

(7) Automatic lap and shoulder uelt or
automatic stoulder belt used improperly
with child safety seet {specify}:

{8} Oilier Wmiproper use oF Bitomats belt System
ispacify):
(8) Unkaowe

Page 7

omatic assivel Belt Failure Modes
g Accident
1G} Not equippedinat av
3
2

} No automatic belt falturetst
2) Torn webbing istretched webbing set inciuded)
{3} Broker: buckle or larchplare
} Upper anchorage separated
{S} Other anchorage separated isnecify):

» Baked retract
Combination of above ispecityh
18} Other automatic bait failure (epecityt

43.

nat Drlentation this Qocupant Position)
Cccugant noi seated of fo Seat
Forward facing geet

Rear facing sear

} Site facing seat (inward?

{4} Side facing seat joutward}

2) Other fapesifyh

i | Not equipnedinot availabledestroyed

ered inmperative

if 1
{ } Official injury dats

{ ] Geiver/accupant unerview:
1} Other iepecity):

Uo) URERGWAW Bakr tke

ARE ALL APPLICABLE
WITH INITIAL SUBMISSION?

LIPDATE CANDIDATE?

MEDICAL RECORDS INCLUDED

NOC] YESE!

NOL? YESE I

94 National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling System -Crashwo: ss Lats System: Generel Vehicie Fors

OCCUPANT RELATED | oa. Rotaver

18. Driver Presence in Ve over ing averturning!
iO} Driver not pres
(2) Driver present Rollover ipsimarily abaut the bon
(8) Unknowee (1) Rotioves, t au only

=

17. Number of Ocouparts This Vehicie ee
{09-96} Code actual nurnber of cccupants
tor this vehicle Senemnenaeenaenaanen
(97) OF or mare
i991 Unkeown 15} Rollover-eni-averend te.
about the isterat axis}
{5} Rollover inverturni, details unks

18. Number of Occupant Forms Submitted

VEHICLE WEIGHT ITEMS

3G, Vehicle Cur Weignt
Code weight 1 nearest
10 lograms. 28, Rear Overridestinderride (xhis Veniciet
{048 Less than 456 kilograms at Override /Underride ahis Venicte

OY G. 100 kil ze ce sare ay ry
1630) 8 100 kilograms or mare {0) So avervidefunderride, or

AT AS endroreng Imesct

OVERRIDE/UNDERRIDE [THIS VEHICLE}

28. Prov OvervidesUinderride ithis Vehicis

oa HB K BEBE oe

Querride feee specific COCI
et} Ist COC

20. Vehicte Cargo Weight {3} Orher nog automated COC ispecity)

Cote weight to nearest
iG kilograms. . . .

(OGD! Lesa than § kilograms Undervide see spenitic COC

{469} 4,500 kilograms or mor (4) ist ODO

{98S} Unknown iS} 2ad CDC

iG) Other not sutomated COC specify):

Food

es cease eee nee OK GSB ge

RECONSTRUCTION DATA 17) Madiunuheavy truck ar bus override

(9) Unknowe

21. Towed Trailing Unit H
{0} No towed unt
11) Yes--tewed realli
(8) Unknown

@ unt HEADING ANGLE AT IMPACT FOR

HIGHEST DELTA Vv

22, Documentation of Trajectary Gata Values: (Q00}-(35¢) Code actust vatue
for This Vehicle (997) Nencaiision
{0} No i988) impact with object
{Th Yes $983} Unknown

2, Post Collision Condition of Tree or Pole 27. Haading Angie For This Vetiole

(For Highest Delta V}

(0) Not collision ifor highest delta VP with
tree oF pols

it) Not darnaged

12} Cracked/sheared

13) Tied <45 degrees

itt Tiked 248 degrees

{5} Uneoated tree

(6) Separated pole frorn base

17) Pole replaced

{S) Cther (specify):

(9) Unkagwa

23. Heading Angie Far Other Vehicle

os
nm

National Automotive Sampling Systern/Crashworthiness Date System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Sample Design

crash was listed. The result was thal each sampled crash from a PSU has a unique
selection probability.

crash ina PSL is iplied by its s

estimate of the total number of crashe
ates, the PSU level estimates ar
jonal expansion factor is the produ

probability of the police agenci
selected for thal day. Since the number
national estimate for each crash within a straturn is different. To account fo
ratio weight was developed. The ratio weight is the onal estimate multi
factor. For each stratum, this retio factor is ai tot
of the police jurisdictions (sampled and nied) divicied by the number
selected. There are instances where very few or no eg are listed. To
ine similar PSUs were grouped iogether, based on the stratum from whict
originally selected.

54 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Vehicle Crash Data

Seating Position of Light Truck Occupants

Approximately 42,000 people are invo crashes as occupants af tows
avery year. Table & shows the distribution of occupant seating positions for i
from: 1992 through 1994.

aitern-—-about 66 percent dr
is roughiy 0
© similar to th

The distribution
14 percent ail of
inveivernent. His al
{Table 4}.

of crash
r crashes

regardie:
fon for tows

Table
Occupant Seating Positions in Toward Light Trucks, 1982-1984

Drivers
Right Front Pass
Second Seat Pass

Other Passengers
Total 983,248

ft trucks
vehicles

ni fight front passengers, and

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994

48


Qeeupant Injury Data

Figure 12
Towed Car Occupant Ejection Rates
by Crash Mode and Degree of Ejection, 1202-7994

Rollover
Nonroliover
Singie-Vehicie
Frontal
Side
Multiple-Vehioie
Frontal
Side
Rear ?

All Crash Modes BM

National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 45


Appendix A. Glossary

AIS (Abbreviated injury Scale}

An integer scale developed by the Assaciation for the Advancement of Automotive

ures. The AIS includes:

rating of 7

ed, an injury is
nol available.

Bady Type

Refers io the i
based on defir

ions ol moter vehicles by thelr des structure

Society of Automotive Engineers

Crash

* foway 6 or whi le. ine vehicle is sti
report, crash and motor ve le crash & He
E crashes must be reported by the police to

‘cles ADIOS
nd ther woeorate, Delta- Hv ig ey
velocity, Other factors being aqp
ifing a collision, the greater the potential lor o

pant Injury.

dervalives
ak trucks
g (GVWR) of

Ejection
isle as a resuit

a e 1S to: a siiuation ¥ ¥ part of the

e vehicle, This does not apply to occupants who are
partment of the vehicle (e.g, persons riding |

beds, boots of convertibles. or apen tailgates}, since i

is coded as cornplete ejection.

Refers io p
of an impact or nr

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthinesa Data System 1992-1994 49


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling System-Crashworthinass Data System: interias Vahicis Form

POINTS GF OCCUPANT CONTACT

onfidence
interior | Oocupant Region Level of
Component | No. | if H Conta
Contact Contacted | Knows Known ___ Supporting Point
A : { :
& |
c
o
&
F
G
i
t i i
< po i
L

Windebinid
Mirror
Bunvisor

tearing whee!
Brwering wheel hubsenoke
Steering whoel (combination
of nodes G4 and O8F

107) Starting coluren, tranamise:
acientor aver, other attachment
208! Add on mawipmant fe.g., CB, tape

dack. aie condition
Lett inateuriant genel and below
Center inatument panei and baiow
Paght instrument panel and below
Glove compartment daar

Knee toister

Windshinid including one or more
ob the fallowing: trant hander,
AIAMAZH pillar, instmumant pane:
miter, oF eteoring azseindly (driver
vide only?

AAS! Windchield inctuding one ot more
of the tollawing: tront haador,
AAA pillar, instrument panei, oF
mirror inasuengar sive only!

GGL Driver side air bag compartment

cover
Passenger ngs sir vag
eornpartmant cover

Wawwehiels reinforced by extaner
abject tonecity}
cher

ront phiner tenecity)

1201 Lait side intarier euctave,
sxcluding haudware ot armeeate
ISU) Left gigs nasguvere oF erracest

ABQ) Left A(ATAZi tar

Gg GF MDE oF
frame, window
E-pittar, of rook wide eal,
Shes

Tefr aida wind

site
Right side waster sustace,
ercluding hardware ar armireete
Right side hardurere oF armenst
Right & 18 1/2} ellar
Right G-eitier
thet sight pits Sopeaityt:

fe window gives oi frame
fe nindow gises inuhudiog
minre of the follow:
frame, wandow allt, & (TARE gilizs,
B pirat, or reef side ee

Osher dght aide oviect ixperity!

Right side window ail

INTERIOR

Saat, back support
Belt sessraint webhingiboskic
Beit roxtrains
attachment point

Other restraint eystem component
fepacity)
Mead mmsiinin ayaa

Air bag ives nodes "48" and 917"
fer juries eustained from ait bag
nomnertmant covers)

penne

att
43
AR
ae

Other oxeupe:

intanor Foon
Shaky sutety nest (ence

Diner merior ahjout lepanityl

front Reader
Rear header
Bont tott site 4
Feat right sige rol
Raat or convertible tof

tear dachading to pant
1 OF gunaele mounted

COuFIDE
contact F

5 Iepecity?

jects

inver, inate

DE LEVEL OF

estan
Prob
Posedbe

Binknowe

82 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1984


Vehicle Crash Data

Seating Position of Car Occupants

on people involved in 6 && occUpANts of towed

1 Of occupant sealing p:

Every year, approximately 3
cars. Table 4 shows
through 1994.

The distribution pai
13 perrent ali other

Front Pass

¢ Seat Pas:

Other Passengers &
Total x 3,028,469

10 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1984


Appendix B. NASS/CDS Sample Design

y sample of all police-reported
0st within a CDS team’s area has 4
makes It possible io compute not anly
Many other

i important

features of the design have a sign
of which ara highlighted in this appendix.

lage ia the
composed
vies, The Linked St rates was divided

ofa large city, a courdy, or a 2 grap o o
into 1.196 PSUs. The PSUs were then grouped into 12 calegoriee des by geographic
region and degree “ol urbanization. Two PSUs were selected from each cated
probaly pre its 1983 population. These 24 PS:
@ crashes.

tcl be
selection
then each

obtained by we
of the PSU. For example, if a sample PSU 1
crash from the PSU would be weighted by a factar of 40.
expansion factor.

Ris not practical ic investigate
sarapling are performed.

each sample PSL se add
as in a PSU are categarived by t
: \ @ agencies are thet
randomly from . The fr of the agencies selected in
number and severity of crashes reporled by agency increases. T
second-stage expansion factor,

Peas

s called the

The final stage of sampling is the si crashes reported
sample police agencies. A simple randor af of a ‘epored foway way crashe:

the
would

these constitute such a lar . # shes. This type <
effective in pros
crash cornsequen
NASS/CDS.

Stee

slain the ch

The procedure used to o! of crashes is an

unequal probability sel 1 categories defined
by rnosi severe police-reporied yi napa ohS applica: moter

yahicle, dispusition of the injured. and 1 F
vehicle. A weighting i
decrease the probability of s
listed in ali categories. in addition te
olner factors affected the select
crashes listed, the date and tire

each omlegory to
ction waa made from the lotal crashes
2 of selection varying by type of crash,
ah ag 8 the number of

om which the

gt
eo

National Automotive Sampling Systenv/Crashworthiness Dats System 1982-1994


Executive Summary

During the period 1992 through 1994, an estimated 10.9 millon vehicles each year were
involved in police-reported traffic cras roximately as aaa of these were
automobiles, pickup: trucks, vans, and spor/u ed 10 as
passenger vehicles, Pickup trucks, vans, one ality Sones ae collecti ‘aly referred to as
light trucks. Most of inese v iy darnaged: only 26 percent of them
were towed from the crash scene due to darnage sustained in the crash. Approximately
46,000 venicles were involved in fatal crashes each year.

This report locuses attention on occupants of those passenger yenicles that were towed
from the crash scene, NHTSA’e National Automotive Sampling System (NASS)/
Crashworthiness Datla System (COS) colle alled ‘
i ned, professional crash investigation teams. The
of those invelved make the
safety cornm

NASS data are used by government, ind and the private sector to cariduet research,
identily iniury patterns and m: EST atory decisionmaking, and
provide a means of evaluating ihe association betweer occupant injury a as ofash-
related characteristins.

Some highlights of the reporl include:

» Passenger ce
vehicles found in ihe NASS:
report, cars are lrealed se
grouped together as light trucs

febout 76 percent) of the passenger
e-reponed lowaway crashes. In ihe
as, which have been

Occupancy pattems for towed cras
about two-thirds (about 66 merc:
ived car or light truck was the driver, A
ahout 21.0 percent of the time, wi
13.5 percent of the ume. For
present 18.7 percent of the time, with passen
15.5 percent af the time.

& very similiar:
owed crash-

f in the car
¢ seats about
trunks, front-seat oa SeNgers were

aes in the second and further seats about

.

&

One of the health-care Ronsequences ci motor vehicle crashes is the burden on
emergency and health services. About 210,000 ocoupants of passenger vehicies were
hospitalized h year as @ result of pol ported traffic 6. Another 976,GG0
ocoupante ware transported to a medical facily 2 released, and 228,000 occupants
were treated at ihe scene of the crash

Coniaci with the steering assem
but about 16 percent of the serious-
observed for contact with the int
ee and about 19 perce:

accounted for about Tf perce!
7 axiewum (AIS Be} i
orng

f the minor injuries

3

OVETE and 9

National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 vii


NASS/CDS Data Elernents

Nations! Accident Sampling System-Crashworthiness Dets System: Exteriar Vahicls Form

a.

-Staye Manulac:
AndiGr A Cert fied Ahered Vehic
iQ) Neo postr
1T) Yes - post manufacturer modifications

tspecit

red Vehicle

Unciude photograph of CER
PLACARE in case report)
19} Unknown if vehicie 1s m

. Fire Occurrence

10) No fire

Yes, fire ocourred
(1) Minor

12) Major

(9) Unknown,

Onigin of Fire

No tre

Vehicie exterior front,
Exhaust system

Fuel tanh and other fu
system parte)

{4} Engine compartment
{5} Cergotrunk compartment

3} instrument pane!

17} Passenger compartmen: are
2 Other location issecdyh

side, back, ton)

f retention

i)

. Type of Fue! Tanke}

. Type of Fuel Tank-2

{0} No fuel tank felecuical vehi
(i) Metallic

12) Non-metallic

{8} Unknown

4 koserion

trear axle!

if axtel

jeft site plane
{St Af of vente: of the rear whe:

frear axle) on

(6) Over the center of the rear wheels
lots sinks plane

ne right side plane
{8} Other tenecit

i Tank ? Damage

uel Tank-d Damage
No faei tank

1 Ro damage to fast #
med, HO seam fai
itt 3 geueet flare

Lacersted (igped)
8} Abraded tacraped)
£0) Filer neck senarstion from the fuel tank
Chthes dare

48h Dok

74 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Occupant injury Data

Table 14
Distribution of Crash-involved Light Truck Occupants by Treatment

and Maximum Injury Severity: Average per Year, 1892-1994

oe:

1-2 Days,

BY Days

814 Days

45-39 Days

280 Rays

of the row total

*For aach weatment category,

5a
16.0%

587
22%

275,876
23.2%

the first date row

he sumber ot

BARD
83%

iOS ci

a

cd
B.S

the second sow stows the percentage

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1962-1904 2:

5


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Seripling System-Crashworthinass Dets System

COC WORKSHEET
CODES FOR O86.

101-30) icke Number

Noncaiision
(44) Overturn ~ rollover
(32) Fire of expiasion
(BS) Jackkife
434) Other intraunit damage ispecify):

yclrars
at

Bridge

‘Other feed object

(38)
138)

{39}

Roncolisian iniry
Gther noncailision tspecityh:

Noncolligion ~ det unknown
Collision With Fixed Object

(44) Tree foc 10 orn in diameteri

{42} Tree (> 10 cm in diameter)

(43) Shrubbery ar bush

4} Embankment

Exterio: Vaicte Farm

ispecityh:

(45) Breakaway pole or post (any diameter
Nonbreskaway Pole of Post
(SO) Pole of post (5 10 om in diamete
SY) Pole or post {> 1D om but s
diameter)
Pole ar past (> 30 cm in diameter)
Pole of post idiameter unknown)

2)
{83}
{Bat

(58
156}

Concrete traffic barrier

ienpact attenuator

Other waffic barrier Gincludes guardrail
specify}:

DEFORMATION

CATION BY £

Crees
Dwection
af Farce
tdegrees!

Accident
Event
Sequen

Nerbe:

fecramentst 12h
Velue of Determation
ts

Lateral
hos

of Latare?
Lacation

ad

yne ot
age Bete

Bye:

72 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data

System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accidemt Sampling Systers-Crashworthinass Dets System: General Vehicle Form

37. Pouce Reported Other Brug Presence DRUG EVALUATION CLASSIFICATION
1h Ne Y AUGIS! pres OTHER DRUGS TEST RESULTS FOR DRIVER
Yer {other druglst pr i
Ot reported DEC Sgecinen
present Test
Rests

Narcotic Drag
Depressans Drug
nt Drag

weinoges Drug,
Cannabinoid Drug
moyetidine {POP}
tant Drang

ia) No driver cresent e-Craeht

est Results

28. Gther Urug Specimen Test Tyne Por Driver iO} No DEC test gives

{0} No specimen test given | Passed DER teat

{1} Blood teat eed DEC test

424 Urine test } DES tees given—results unknown
12) Qiner specinen tests specify: i et GEG

iS} Unknown Hf DEC test given

47) Unspecified apecimen test
iG) Ho driver present Codes for Specimen Test Results
19} Unknown if specimen teat giv

fO} No specimen test given
{1b Drug not found i

42) Drug found in api

Rees

Rot abreined
(2) Ne driver present
iB

National Automotive Sampling Systenv/Crashworthinees Dats System 1982-1994 65


Occupant injury Data

Table 9
Distribution of Crash-invalved
Car Ocoupants by Maximum injury Severity:
Averaye per Year, 1992-1994

Maximum AlS Hating - ‘

Not injured (0} 4,872,489
Minor (43 1,085,885
Moderate (2) 138,987
Serious (3} 53,229
Severe (4) 14,485
Critical (8)

Maxirnum: (6)

Total, Known Severity

sponse Bap
Sib ke oS

8

injured, Severity Unknow:

Total

Table 10

Distribution of Crash-invelved
Light Truck Occupants by Maximum injury Severity:
Average per Year, 1

Maximum AIS Hating
Not injured (0)

3 BiS81o

Serious (3) 42,582
Severe (4) 3,249
Critical (6) 2,469
Maximum (8) Ft
Total, Known Severity BRA AT?
injured, Sev: kaon (7) AO 18S

Total 943,288

18 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthinese Date System 1992-1994


Oscupant Injury Data

Restraint Use and Body Regions Injured

Figure 9 shows the distribution of crash-involved car ancupanis by #
belt usage. An occupant may receive more than one injury to a given

however, this figure represents one ir:
alsa receive injuries across more than one buy . Therefore, the
body region will add up to more than the number of injured cecunants.
oceupant may have a contusion to the left side of the Grain and a lacera’
gide of the brain. The figure counts only one of the injuries ta the brain, ff
the example sustained a contusion to the left side of the brain and a ski
both injuries would be i ded in the figure, and o: ary would be oo
body region while the other injury would be courted in the skull bo:
ihe percent of belted occupa ts Whe i brain injury, divide the
occupants with a brain i the tote i
The same methodology appli unibelted oxcupset
100 percernd, bec of occupants in
Figure 10 shows @
usage,

y per body region per seoupar

National Automotive Sampling Systenv/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 35


Appendix C. NASS/CDS Zone Ceniers
and Primary Sampling Units

Zone Centers

Buffalo. NY
indiana Unive

Blob and Th
Gila. Graham

$, FL

King Cou

Seattie, WA

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Dalia System 1092-1984 55


Occupant Injury Data

he belt

ose rales ob ned Oy I
report belt usage rales each year Th
fromm the individual stale use rales,
proportion af the total
€2 percent in 1902, 6

8 reporied to
fe, to cel
26 Most racer

percert in 1993, and 67 percerdt in 1884.

Table 12
Distribution of Crash-inveived Light Truck Qosupants by Restraint Use
ard Maximum injury Severity: Average per Year, 1992-1994

: eave |
2 Bee

tic: Belk

Maria Bak a2 309
13% — SER%

: 4 : 14.688
Pastiainod B10 7% 08 B% 12.7% 18a BN. BL%

S4457

Total Known os S65,835 49,562 T1824 3.084 2887
| 849% BEG ot BLAS

iekniown - . 186
i 1, § SA

7587 51820 12.992 Leek 2,480

5% 18% 83% 8.99%

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Date System 1992-1994 21

2


NASS/CDS Data Elements

Nationat Accidant Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System: Ovcupant Assessment Forni Page 5
CHILD SAFETY SEAT

28.

nid Gatety Seat Make/Model 3t
{GOO} No child safety seat
Applicabie codes are found in your N
Bete Cottection, Coding and Editing
{Q60i Buil id safety seat
1997) Other make/model tspecity?

i Safety Seat Harness Usage

Child Safety Seat Shield Usage

Shild Gatery Seat Tether Usage

Nore: Options below
Variables CABT-DA:
iO) No chid safety seat

applicable te

nee Not Designed With Haraess/Bhiekl/Tether
child satety sear (1) Atter market hamexs/shield/x
{1h fnfant seat added, not used
2) Toddier seat
13) Converti
id} Booster sec
{7} Other type child ¢.

1 after marker

Child satery seat used, but
f ade:

aided of used

18} Unknown chid salety seat tp
{S} Unknown Ht child satety seat used Designed With Harnes:

a/Shiela/ Tetiiec j

. Child Sater
{00} No ct

* Seat Oriente
safely seat

@
a

ned With Marae
sdfether not

Designed for Rear Facing tor This Age/Weight
101) Rear facing
102) Forward facing
(OB) Cther orfentation (specify! (93) Linknown i

d slaty seat used

109) Unknown orient

Designed Far Forward Facing for This Age/Weight
4) Bear facing

12) Forward facing

(18) Other onentation (specify!

ie)

Unkaowen Lesign or Orientation Fae This
AgeNsight, ef Unknown Age/Weight
(21) Rear facing

(22) Forward facing

{28} Other onentation {specify}:

(29) Uskaows cremation

{89} Unknown if child safety seat used

$2 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


Occupant Injury Data

sever
in serious to maximum injuries (AK 3-6
distributions ere : one for all seve
each adding up to 160 percer

As can be seen in this figure, the
high frequencies in general but re!
The converse is obs <i for the inte

Tuy: severitine is
cortacls {e.g
erate

Figure 11
Distribution of injuries to Crash-involved Car Occupants
by Injury Contact and Severity of Injury, 1982-1994

injury Contact

rument Panel

Serigus-Maximum

4d 1S

Percent of Gar Occupan

42 National Automotive Sampling Systenm/Crashworthiness Data System 1902-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

Nations Accident Sampling Systan-Crashworthiness ets System: iviedor Vshichs For Page 8

EJECTION/ENTRAPMENT DA

iplete the following if me reses has any indication that an avcapant sae either
tha vehicle Code the appropriate data on the Occupant Assessment For.

ed from ar

Re

BSECTION Not J Yes 3
Dascribe indcations of ejection and body part

Ejection

| itiote on Vanicie intonce Skaten?
Ejection Aree

Ejection Medium

Mechum Status

Ejection
ih) Complaw ejection
12) Partial ejection
{3} Ejention, Unknown degree
48) Unkniows:

Niedium Siew fimmedistaly Prior

Kisction Aran Faction Mediu te fapact!
(i) Windshiatd i1} Boor/natchaligate 4) Opes
42) Left front 12) Nonfixed roo! structure iy

#) Right front 43) Fined
} Lett rear 44} Nonfixed gi
iB} Right rear t
(6) Rear

{3} integra! structure
i} Unknowns

ng ispecify

EMTRAPMENT Mot 2 Yest i

Describe entrapment mechanis

Commonanttsh:,

(Mote in vehicle interior tagram?

National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1904 87


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sarmphng Sysitem-Cerashworthiness Data Systam: Genwral Vehicle Farm

2%, Basis for Toral Gelta V thighest)

32. Lateral Component of Qehe V

Oevita V Calculated

(1) CRASH program damage only ro:

(2) CRASH program —damage and t
routine Nearest kph (secondary) H

12) Missing vehicle efgorithrn

_Meatest kph inighest!

INOTE: OOO means greater than
Leta V Noi Calculated ~ 0.5 kph avai fess ita +0. kprt
18) At leas: one vehicle iwhich may be this {£160} 2 158.5 koh and above
vehicle! is beyond the scope of an acceptable {_ 93) Unknown
reconstruction program, regardless of
collision conditions.
(5) All vehicles within scoge (COC an;
af CRASH program but one of the callision

33. Energy Absarmtion

conditions is beyond the scope of the CRASH Nearest 100 joules thighest!
program of other acceptable reconstruction
technique, regardless of adequacy of damage Nearest 100 joules isecandary?
dats.
{8} All vehicie and collision conditions are within INOTE: O000 manne ess than 5G joules}
scape of ane of the acceptable reconstruction {8987} 994,850 joules of mare
programs, out there is insufficient dara (S985) Unknown
avaliable.
4, Confidence in Reconstruction Program
COMPUTER GENERATED DELTA V Results iFor Highest Bales VF
Highest (0) No renonstructian
wanes (3) Calisian fits masel — results appear
an tea yeasonat
30, Total Delta ¥ a | DD Cotiginn flis made! ~ masulis apnear high
4 13} Collision fits model -- easults appear low
Negrest kph fhighest ta) Borderline reconstruction - results appear
_ Nearest kph lsesondary} reasonable :
INOTE: 060 s than
INOTE: O60 means tess shan 45. Type of Veticle Inspection

0.8 kph} iO) Ne inspection

{2} Complete inspection
{2} Partial mspestion ispecityh

180) 169.5 kph and above
(889) Unknown

ST. Longitudinal Corepanent of +

Sete v ww |96, 35 thie ae AOPS Veh

{0} Ne

{1} Yeu - researcher detained

{3 determined sir bag system
NM determined sutumatic (pa
IM determined sir bag snd au!
ipassivad betts

le?

Naarast kph (highest!

Nearest kph secondary} Go

belts

INOTE: O00 means grearer shan
0.5 koh and teas than +0.8 kph}
{2160} 2199.5 tpn and above
£899) Unknown

iS OLDMISS APPLICABLE FOR THIS VEHICLE? [ } YES { JNO
If YES: 1S A COMPLETED OLDMISS PROGRAM SUMMARY INCLUDED? [ EYES { }NO

o
ee

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

UG, Deparenent of Teanspertation

Nasional Righoewy Teettie Gatety
Administertion

4. Primary Samoling Unit

2. Case Number - Srratum

&

Vetioie Number
4, Gecupant Number

OCCUPANT’S CHARACTERISTICS

. Cecupant’s Age
Code actual age at time ot accident.
ry by month:

97 years and vider
Unknown

§. Gecupany's Sex
tip Male

12} Female
(9) Unknown

Code aciuat height to ihe nearest
Centimeter,
1938} Unknown

fecrss K2EH = centimeters

&, Oocupant’s Weight
Code actual weight 1 the searest
ilogran
iG8MUAknown

_. kilagesres.

6

Secunant’s Bole
it) Driver

12) Passenger
19} Unknover

OCCUPANT ASSESSMENT FORM

Forse Baproves
3 z

Right site
Aj Quher tapest
On of in the |

id

Right side
Srher ispe

Thicd Sear
(34) Loft side
1 Mintdie:

1 Right side

Foerth
Left aide
Middle
Right side

Qecupan's Posture
iO} Normat posture

Abnarinat POSES
Koveling &

a
Lying back
rg wien fi

HG Porn 425A CURSE

“Thio report ie authorized by P4.. 89-583, Tide 1

Gratin 18S, 108, and 11D. Whie you are oat required to reenand,

your couperation is ceedest ta snake te readin of this dune satieadun efinrt eampeshonsive, ancurate, and Henely

8a

National Automotive Sampling Systemy/Crashwarthiness Data System 1602-1984


Secupant injury Data

Yahle 47
Distribution of Crash-invaived Car Drivers by Alcohol Use
and Maxdmurn injury Severity: Average per Year, 1992-1994

hoy Alcohol
Present

SHS.
O25

Atoohol Present

tat

hict Reported
0.1%

186,

BR 1AM A%

Mot Contaxd

total O77.352 « TIBASE «BLDG OT FeS 7 BAR TRAY 4388, B02
AB.2% 36.2% 5% 48% Da% 8% BAK FS

use caIgory,
ne renw total,

“Bor ouch police 1ep0
tow shows the parentage of

Table 18
Distribution of Crash-involved Light Truck Drivers by Alcchal Use
and Maximum Injury Severity: Average per Year, 1992-1994

 eodes ate
8

ic Alcohot
Present

Aicanol Present

2%

8.2%

Not Reported E Bae 6.270 as 6

1as
4%

Not Coded

8.248 © 2,324 Bao
3.4% PA DY

“For each palie-reparted a
row shows the parce

National Automotive Sampling Systemn/Crashworthiness Deta System 1992-1984 29


Perspective

stigated in the NASS/CDS, b
din ihe more severe cree
ons, with emphasi

ihe subject of the fo
perind 1992-1994, ¢
reponed by RL. Po!

4

National Automotive Sampling SystenyCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1994

cause of
es, These are

ner year, aS
5 (68.1 percent) were


Occupant Injury Data

Table 24
Qecupant Ejection and Entrapment in Crash-invelved Towed Light Trucks
by Degree of Ejection, Crash Mode, and Area of Damage:
Average of Nationally Weighted Counts per ¥:

Complete
Ejecllen

423,457

VE.1%

F803
142%

19,668
24%

Rear, Top, or Under 12,313
13%

Side 3 146,140
F4S%

Fear 652 : 184,212
. ee 1.3%

Top oF Under
Total

“For sach crash made, the
second row shows tt
Note: Darnags area “Unknow

44 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthinese Data System 1992-1994


2 , Perspective

A perspective on crash-involved vehicles ig itustrated in Figure 1, which shows annuai
incidence averaged over the years 1992-1994,

The number of aif vehicle body types Involved in pollce-reported crashes each year in the
United States is about 10,900,000; about 95.0 percent of these are passenger cars,
pickups, vans, and sports s. in thie report, pickups, vans, and sport/utility
vehicies are collectively relerred to as “ight trucks.” Each of ihese body types is subdivided

into towed and non-towed v

Alt

Source: ?

cles.

Figure 1
Crash-invoived Vehicles in the United States,
Average per Year, 1992-1904

Vehiniss:

Towed: 1,994,960 (28.196)
Non- towed: 6,884,985 (73.8%)

Towed. 280,548 (23.8%)
a

Le Mom-towerh 4 218,624 (76.255)

i_gv Towerk 119.838 (17.956)

& Non-towads: 872,

Sporutity

vohicte wang” Towers V2E242 8G 2}
hictes

on-towad: 288,988 (70.8%)

Nole: While all vehicies are addrasaerd ky NASS/GES, only towed
passenger vehicles are addressed by NASS/CDS,

ASSICDS and NASSIG!

. 1892-1924,

National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashworthinese Data System 1992-1994


Occupant injury Data

injury Contacts

ions, crash oratection practitioners need data
contacts}. A suminary of

piuries to erash-in Table 21 for cars and
ight trucks. Table 21 shows ihe istribution of all crashel
junction of injury severity and injury contact, Table 22 shuws the same di
truck occupanis,

Table 24
Distribution of All injuries to Crash-involved Car Occupants
by Injury Contact and Severity: Average per Year, 1992-1994

Steering Assembly AGi.892 @

instrument Panst 891,108 @

383,243
interior Side Surface E3007 F

68.933

BG AGS

197,417
31.2%

2, the second iow shows the percentage of ne

the first data row shows the nismbe
ne calummn te

“For each injury con
vow tutal, and the third row shows the percentage of

38 National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


4. Occupant Injury Data

Crash-invotved Occupants by injury Severity

Approximately 3,028,000 occupants are involved in towed car crashes avery year. About
82 percent of them are uninjured, and 48 pernent are injured al various severity levels.
innilarly. about 943.000 oncupants are involved in towed light truck crashes per year, with
A percent uninjured and 42 perc jured,

Given that each
occupants mast hé mtu injury iS used to 7
raguiting fram the crash. The Abbreviated Injury Grale (AND) is 3 used fe compare injury
severitios, as lolows:

S$ more thar one injury, the seve ay 2 of the

eo.

o

i

2 Moderate

3 Serious

4 Severe

5 ritical

G Meximurn

? injured, Seventy Unknown

The AIS scale aed primarily the threat tu fife: approximately 99 percent for AIS=8; about
about 34 percent for AlS=4; declining rapidly to 0 ent for AlS=1.
s also used to reflect ine gravity of consequences for survivors,

wn in Table 9
Figure 5,
wiry severity.

jury severities for ink involved oncupants is
46 for light trucks. The two ioullons are cornpar
1 diflerences at any given level o

Qocuparis coded as
through 14, b ve been i
ocoupanis involved in lowe

known if injured” have been excluded from the detail in Tables 9
ded in the “Total” rows to reflent the total number of
passenger vehicle crashes.

National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthinese Data System 1992-1994 17


¥ehicle Crash Data

Functional Class and Size of Light Trucks

28, Vans, and spor vehicles} ui
: towed away from the scan of t

vehicies by functional class and
all NASSALINS towed vehici

hes every year,
The annual

8 vehicle weight rating
pulion ot thes:
is 24 perce’

ace far thes:
76 percent are ners.

Table 5
Distribution of Towed Light Tracks by Vehicle Class and Size, 1992-1804

_ Nehicle Category and Size.
Compact Pickup

sokup
Unknown Size Pickup

Minivan
Standard Van
unknown Size Vari

Hity Yehi
flity Ver

622,323

10,000 pounds

e remaining

National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashworthiness Data System 1962-1994

11


Executive Summary

«+ The percentage ol injuries resulting from o
ry severly increased, the same w

* About § percent of the towed cars in crashes rolled over, cornpared with 13 percent of
ine towed fight trucks.

* About 7 pe
types exhib

i of car occupants #
ted ejection rates in the

‘ery crashes were ahacte

ge of 0.4 fo 2.8 percent.

» The alcohol invalvement rate for dri
tor the age group 25-34 years.
involvernent raie is highest for driver

vera of passe
igor, for d
4 years ok}

H iruacks int

sal

* The alcohol involvement rate for ali
wwice that for drivers of passenger cars.

tig

National Automotive Sampling Systenv/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994

ged as


Errata

Table 7
Distribution of Towed Light Trucks by Crash Severity (delta-v}
and Area of Damage: Weighted Averaye per Year, 1991-1993

440 mph

138
82.8%

5,928

12.0%

Unknown

BE.5%

134,875
88.9%

485,798
FOB% |

Total 40,729

21.1%

vehiclas, and the second row sh
severities were known, For ihe
total for each area of damage. For the “Total” colurin, the second date row show,
the grand total.

114 National Automotive Sampling SystenyCrashwerthiness Data System 1992-1954


NASS/COS Data Elements

Mat

TIRE WH
a, Rastation ahysicalty
restricted

AR
AE
RR
a

UE Yes (21 Mo UB NA (2) unk

ai Accidamt Sampling System-Crashwarthiness Dats Syste

VEHICLE DAMAGE SKETCH

INPE OF TRANSMISSION

Maruer €] Automatic

CATIONS

Wheelbase
Overall Length
Maximum Width:
Curb Weight
Average Track

< Exterior Vebicia Form

BER A
whee

WHEEL ©

ore

om

Front Cver

ang
Rear Overhang
Undeformed

Engine Size: cyi./di

ar DRIVE WE

Pwo [) RWo

Bors:

‘Skateh cow pesienotee and ctoos hate?
in aconmtecshing the accident (6.9
damage moored on the back ct tis page
eoorate ney damage coused Sy extrication such #8 vemranmet miceaNs ty tomboy, prying, ar biySreutia eheans

MEASUREMENTS IN CENTIMETERS

ys and aingis hatch induced damage an alt wows, Annetate cbxervntians whinis night fr cemtut
i Yire head, airection at stations, sot cecustowetie ate 4. i puting trailer, sketsh tepe ot weiter an

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1982-1994 71


Occupant Injury Data

Effect of Restraint Use on Injury Risk

it is evident from Tables 11 and 12 that safety
serious injury. This is itustrated in Figure 6 for o
AIS ratings 3, 4, 5, and 8 have been grat
deal with the
injury (expressed 1
using restral

ppears to increase as the injury sev

‘invol ‘ed oar "ocbupares) fg
pants, Moreover,

with

A word of caution is necessary when Interpreting th
restrained versus unrestrained occupar
ootupants, who usually have a higher aws
the occupants who usually avoid on
restrained orcupants may bi
lower crash severiles, in a

estrained
ined, are also

ipanis are
sO by the re:

tion to the crash protection pro

Figure 8
Injury Rates for Crash-invalved Car Occupants
by Maximurn injury Severity as a Function
of Restraint Use, 1982-1994

Rate per 100 Crash-involved Qecupanis,

ast

Restrained

22 National Automotive Sampling Systerv/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994


V¥ehicie Crash Data

Figure 2
Distribution of Towed Gar Crash Mades
and Areas of Damage, 1992-1994

Rollover

Nonrallaver
Single-V:

Frontal

Side

Other
Muhkiple-Vehicle

Frontal

Side

Cther

under damage.
: NASSICDS, 1992-1994.

National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashworthiness Date System 1992-1994


Oceupant Injury Data

Effect of Alcohol Use on Injury Risk

The fESONCE of alcohol i a motor val
&

Table 18 shows that, for dri
he highest alcohol

whose “age is betwe
through 64 years old and then by
have almost twice th
based on the “Total Known.

ighest aleonol use 2
inrough 34 years old. Dr

‘Table 17 shows that, for drivers cf passe:
50 does the presence of alcohol. Drive!

MALS 3-6 indury rates 2 times those fo
reent of the MAIS 6 in|

National Automotive Sampling Systen/Crashwarthiness Data Systern 1992-1984 27


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sempling System-Crashworthiness Date System: Occupant injury Form Fege 3

inical signs and neurctogical deficits), and

sources if medical recards and interviewee data are

OFFICIAL INJURY DATA — SKELETAL INJURIES

a
28
a3
ee
BS
fe
23
:

ae
#3

ra
&
£
@
g
&
§

3
$

Bnarist food

tosgew fame
Gave
ph =

Restrainnd?
Bleed Aieohot
Laver (mghdf

BAL =

100 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Date System 1902-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident. Sampling System-Crashworthiness Deis Syatem: Qenupant Assessment Forts Page

INJURY CONSEQUENCES

Working Days Lost

___fods the mumter of days

2 gh G0} that the oncupent
lost from work due to the
(00) No warking days font

34, Injury Severity (Police Rating!

{Or O - Mo inju:

CHE» Possible injury i n

' : : says

(3B Nonineapacitating injury ee ate oy

21 A incapacitating whiy ig at a ached
tat K Kile iS?) Not working pricy to accidertt

8B} Unknow
Li - injury, severity unknown #

(8)
18) Died priar io accident be .
(8) Unknown SToP ~80 TO VARIABLE 44 GN PAGE 7

: VARIABLES 39 THROUGH 43 ARE
28, Teoarment » Mortality COMPLETED BY THE ZONE CENTER
(h Ho treatment .

Oy Fatat

12) Fatal - ruled diseas

£38. Time to Death

Code number of hours from time of i
Bedldent x6 tne of deat up thraugt 24 i
Hime of death ix greater than 24
fate: 3 ¢

Nantatet

{3} Hospitalization
{4} Transported and released

{8} Treatment at scene - nontransported
418} Treatment later

{@) Treatment - other ise

38) Fatal - mules dis
Uskriown

$3} Unknow

40. ist Medically Reported Cause o

26. Type Gf Medical Facility (for Initia! Treatment)
{0} Not treated at a medio! facility a4. Fed Medinally Reported Cause of Death
{3} Trauma center

42, 3rd Medically Reported Cause of Death _
ry trea:

£44 Physician” 5 office
{8} Treatment later at med
4G) Other isgecify):

iis ocoupart’s
0} Nov fatal or no ede
Mode of death given ‘but BR

ties arg not linked te cause

27. Hospital Stay
120) Not Hospitalized j
Cade the number of days iup through GO! dhoeane) (ape!
That the occupant stayed in hospital.
161) 61 days or mare (ao) Uakisow
8G} Unknown

43, Number of Ranorded Injuries far
This Cemupet eeeee :

___ Code the actual number of ~

Injuries renurded for this occupa

{80} No recerded injuries

{Q7} Injured, de

{8} Unknow Hf

National Automotive Sampling Syster/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1984 93


Vehicle Crash Data

Car Crash Severity

for cars varles gene
owed cars by sevis
ar crashes. Fi

Crash severity (delta-v in miles per
50 mph. Takie 3 shows the
crash severity, in ferms of de’!
the primary aspects 5

Crash frequency fises sharply to @
Figure 3. This frequency drops
40 mpn is about 6.2 perce’
nonrollover crashes: front, side, and rear.

Great caution is recommended in the us i eet
reasons: (a) the large num!
available cases as crash sever’
crash severity was caiculated usi
Appendix E, “CRASHPC and
too and undercarriage, which are out

Scop 2 of the 1 bist

Distribution of Towed Cars by Crash Severity (delta-v) anc Area of Darnage:
Average per Year, 192-1084

rash Prequen

10 mph | 14-20 mph | 21-30 mph | 31-40

125,897 $3,728 / BS, 88.496

2.0% B.B%

65,098
4.

Total 210,466 390,784 73,BR6
30.2% B.2%

vericles, and the secand raw shows the ¢

crash severities were known. For the

percentage of the total far each area of da

shows the percentage of ihe grand total. NA svatable.

a National Automotive Sampling Systerv/Crashwerthiness Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

SOURCE GF INJURY DATA

OFFICIAL

FLY Austopey rscatde with ne without honsites!
medical records

12) Mospitattmadical excorde nther than
xeoargency rom tag. diecrons
eanrenaneyt

(2) Keanrgency mein recoris onty Ginchuting
axenciatnd Krave of cthar tah eaportas

GH Private physicine, walkin or amecgenzy
lia

UNoEFCtal,

{61 Lay cosmner mane
48) ENS. parzonnet

AP ketereiowon

HE Gthes aource tapenity!

(26) int and winslow glone 92 hare
FAR Let aide winsewy gheoe eokasing
one ar mace of the following:
Yenare, wirstaw a8 A LOUIS Zicgitee,
Srpitiar, ar mat side saik
Th Behar lott side objet tegecttys:

ito LESS WN TE

RIGHT SIDE

(2D) Right mide ucorise antaze,
axchating havtwene ot sernreate

123}. Right wide Rembosane vt atmo

132) Right & (ALAR pier

{20 Sighs Bopitae

138) Citi ight pater lopecttyh:

HOD Renbaght wtarege rack, done, ate
ROE Gthec rear stone ian

EXTERN a! GOCURANT'S VERTLE
ce

kewnven wattle Siete

eaves
eo,
sry
CF) Other ort act vateine lexesttyl

HOR OF OTHER MOTOR VERE

198) RiGee Side Wiens Glas er Hace
138) Sighs side windew pines inctorting
sane oF mee of ur foawing:
Hexcon, winitw 538, A LAL (RED liar,

ue Heed

(28) Meoe omement

£181 Windahield, sant md, Ag)
S78 Bide sustace

INJURY SOURCE Bepihar, or cot oie vad (YB Side mircre,

RORY AA7; Othe right ide objnet opacity: CPR Gehac side peeteusians topeci
{01} Windehioid .

1M Mtoe faa Bight de winiew eh soay Beer eatete

103) Sunmeot (80; Uredercarione

TAI Sroasiag whost rm INTERIOR 881} Tiras ond wheote

108} Stoacing vhmot hebiepokee

$i Stoaring whast onmabitasion
at coves 04 and OBI

(02) Stanring comes, ranemission

Bunt, book aungnet {821 Other axtonier of othe cosine wehiete
Bolt meatesine wobmingsineckte Ispeci
Balt restraint B-pitier ae daor treme nee

attachment noi we; TARR Sa

“Sther motor vanizte

Reiectos levge, ether ecachment Othese matesion aystas ramen

(08) ade on equipment e.g., CB, 399 opacity’ ‘OERER VEHICLE OR ORCT I THE
dock, air canaditionse (GAi Honed contrat poet ENVRONEAEHT

(69) Lett ieasumant panel ond boiew GE) die bag iuow codes “38° and "12" fee Sxlurine RK Broun

(HO! Canter instrument prc! and telew ‘aunsriried tearm ait tog semusrtonnet wovsert — {YE} Othas vehicle oF abject tRperityt

(U1 ftashr inernamant penal and betow Ot Cirher conuparte tapentty} oe

AZ) Gievs compartmect door (ee, Gninane iahicls Sr aba

(ar Knee wolster intear fone Sajoste

164) Weingebiald inctuding onm er mote Chiks aefety neos trsostite? NERTONTRET ISURY,

vE the tatiowing: frant hada: — ise in weohocks

A LALA sitiae, kamtsuenent Rani, $691 OUT aTST SORA tpn Flying giant

ibrar, 07 wteaning axsombty ideivae Sar Honcontsct injury souls
side antyi Genesis:

1S) Windahied inetuding one ne mone
of the tsliowing: front header
A IAYA2L pier, instrumert panel of

109 Air bag aimhaure eanee
(87) uted, uebnowe sauce,

Mirror IpReReNQEr wide Geily> H2} Boat tote ote ait a
(8) Suivae side sie bog compartment cover 163} Root right eide ret EXYRY SourcE Conripence
13 Poesenger aide air bag naepartenant cover 184) Baal ar conversibie to i) Gactoie
(12) Windatinrd rantarced by axtonae abject I Potable

iapwestyis a Foon 23) Bono

{18} Othae thost Buin fopueihl

Far tinclating tor sen)

Floor ae connate ewouitted Gakevoswee

penance ven cing : ae

err sie ven

20) bat ste menos nctee, 198), Sentry ests honete DIREC TANDIRECT INJURY
steusieg hansen Reoonte {60} Pook combs netaSiy petig Ea Diet ete a

ety ten sda acaoene or secon oe 2B mse ra

Te ten kmsyagr ae mse

A23b tate Bpitionr REAR ar

HZAL Othe both pitier txpocityt: 1ODY Bscktigie (oor weno

OCCUPANT INJURY CLASSIFICATION

fody agion Specific Anmtamie Sirmcnee Spice Abbreviated Oey Scale
BB Casviont
Gh Mood Yehote $04) Thaewsie
i Face aS AEe Aneaion $085 Lucedee
Nook Bk - Concusion
IgE Prorns, xin Lascaration Seexane, Macon, Gin, Bane,
1G) atdornan Bxin - Auneion ‘oie aout neteoew H
1 Some Amiustation SNe igs menbare eeaaedng with O2 Hexmum tanteastabiey |}
ATE Upper Extreeniny Burn ured, attinown seventy
IS hgwor Szrmenity ox Lead of iefury
1H Unepaesiad Sepieving Bapect
; Ipniry «NES Spmcitin injutton ove xexigned
Type of Angtomic Strachere Traine. citer than risctanteat —— epitenuatine bors digg GUO EES Right
oginning vith 8x. ket
Whale eos a Riaerat
onsets eee Y Jehath of LOC Yo the extant nownibia, within the Seetisl
Nereor 98, O8} Levi of Conactasanens — argonicational feemarak uf the Aniacior
‘Organs tinctuxiox envacton! 11) “Saccnaciee 48, 00 je Rexigned te ae ney
tgomente} BPR ae te omvoniey a where Geoe

Skatorn chaos josh range goon te dietary

Sent kee be gues sooo scetore, 88

Ste soeigned to any injury NS ow
toeran ot avery.

cles Fagin

National Automotive Sampling Systeny/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1964 99


Harm Definition

Table Fi, 1880 Economic Harm

Survivers Harm [4]
Maximum AIS Unit Costs incigionos [SY i {Biiien Oollars}
Minor 4 $3,084 4EN7 228 4
Moderate 2 $23,674 BGS, B80
Serious 3 a7 18,340
4a 24,758 Es
5 BES $7
“44,691 ont
1996 National Estimate of Total Economic Harm $82
“This number was obtained frorn the 1930 Fatal iS Pleparting Systern.
Survivera Harm [4]
Maxiroum AIS Unit Gusts (21 invidience [3} {Billion Dollars)
Minor { 4,BY7 225
Moderate 2 566,850
Serious 3 V8O4 1
Severe 4 24,788
Heal &
Fatalities

References

HEM

Harts, A., & Search for Pri

[2] NHTSA, The Economic Cosi af Motor Vehicle Crashes, 1999,
Table 1-15.

[8] NHTSA, The Economic Cost of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 1990, DOT HS 807-876, 9/92,
Table -2 (1990 incidence figures}.

[4) NHTSA, The Economic Cost of Motor vehicie Crashes, 1990, DOT HS 807-876,
Table [-1.

9/82,

106 National Autornotive Sampling Systen/Crashworthiness Data Systern 1992-1904


NASS/CDS Data Elements

CODES FOR ROLLOVER INITIATION OBJECT CONTACTED

400} Ne roliaver
(01-30) — Vehicle Number

Noncollision
191) Turn-over ~ fall-over
(23) Jackknife

Callision With Fixed Object
{41} Teee {3 30 crn in diameters
182) Tres (> 10 om in diameter}
43} Shrubbery of bush
(48) Embankment

{45} Breakaway pote or gost {any diameter}

Nonbreakawey Pole of Post
{SO} Pole er post {5 10 cm in diameter}
(81) Pole or past (> 16 om but = 30 om in
disraeter!
2) Pole or gost (> 30 cm in diameter}
(SG) Pole cr past (diameter unknown}

(84) Concrete tatfic harrier
5) impsct attenuator

fincludes guardrail

ispecityn,

167} Fenne

iGB} Walt

183) Suilding

160} Ditch or culvert

{81} Ground

{62} Fier hydrant

163) Curd

{84} Bridge

468} Cther fixed abject topecityi:

perenne eee
{G9} Unknow fined cbrect

Caiision with Morfixed Object
(74) Motor vehicle nek intranapert
{75} Anirast
UF?) Train
178} Trailer, disconnected in wansport
(39) Obiect tell from vehicis in~

189) Unkrowes ts

{98} Other event

soacifyh:

89} Unknown ev:

nt OF Gbect

National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 &?



NASS/CDS Data Elernents

National Accident Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System: Exterior Vehicle Porv Page 4

COLLISION DEFORMATION CLASSIFICATION
HIGHEST DELTA "VW"

Accident 18)

Event dinal Vertical or Type of it
Sequence Object 3 Later e £
umber contacted Location

The crush profite for the damage descr:
in the appropriate space below. (AL

HIGHEST QELTA vTM

Qt.

Second Highest Osita “V"

22. 24. 26.
L

26. Are COCs Decumented 27. Researcher's Assessment 28. Criginst Wheetbase
but Not Coded on The of Vehicle Disposition . Code ke the
Astomaied Piet 40} Not towed due & ORAL Center
0} Mo {B83} Unknowe
4h Yes it) Tawad due te

vaohicte damage
19) Unkocwns

co behee REE © centimeters

National Automotive Sampling SystenvCrashwarthiness Data System 1992-1994 73


Yehicle Crash Data

des and araas of damage for towed! light trucks,
towed cars for the years 1992 through 1994.

Figure 4 shows the distributl
compared with the distribu

for car crash freq s
for thase vehic:
rnore trequent than ca

Most of the observatior
and area of damage are also va
rolinver crashes for fight Pucks are bo
ose percent and £

weighted in
2 vehicle class

Sable 2 22).

approximately 40 percent for pickups, vent for vane, and ay percent for or sport futility

vehicles.

Figure 4
Distribution of Crash Modes and Areas of Darnage:
Comparison of Cars vs. Light Trucks, 1992-1904

Rollover
Nonrollover
Single-Vehicie
Frontal
Side
Omer

Multiple-Vehicie

Other

ao 3G
Frequancy iPerent}

National Automotive Sampling SystenyCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1984 13


NASS/CDS Data Elernenis

AY id Wty JO} soomnes yemaye AQ PRSSINE! souMHUE RE 4s
#eIAG “SaNONAG oUsIeUy GYDAdg ‘VOREIEy ayy BEY

CaRQeHeABLA Be BEP BUMAIORY Aue SPAKE [ROIS JF SaOURNS eH IOUS Ja
Bosheg HUE ‘WSNOyER woifajunsy pus sums jeons dinfiy pesy “MIA, anges “MAdap ‘ozs

SHUN: IVNHSLNT VIVO ABNENE IWwiols0

National Autornotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1902-1994 101


Occupant injury Data

Figure §
Distribution of Crash-Involved Occupant injuries
by Maximum Injury Severity: Cars vs. Light Trucks, 1992-1894

Percent of Ocoupants
100

are

Light Trucks:

Ot
Motinjured Mincr Mo:
(0) Gr
ASS Rating

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1982-1994 19


Occupant Injury Data

Figure 12
Ejection-Induced Occupant injury Rates for Crash-Invelved
Towed Cars by Degree of Ejection and Crash Mode, 1992-1904

Frontal
Side

Multiple-Ver

Occupari f fe {Perceri}

48 National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthinees Data Systern 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

OCCUPANT INJURY DATA

oe Desupant
Source Yipe of Soeaitie Sauce Aree
of inwry Boy Anatomic & Levelof ALS. ipry — Canfidence insect — tateusian
Data legion Structure injury Boverity — Aapact Source tevel — iepery Number
vith _ _ wee _ wes ve ee acne a
tain oe ee —— ve _— a — aes
18th _ a ae ee — os a _ os
rath _ _ ae —— cate oe me a os
Bes a a a ee a ~ wate ce
16th de ates _ ce — a _ onnnoes
ah ee — - — wean me poe —_——
Vath _ on a _ —— —
130m, _ _ wee ~ en an coe oe wae ene nee
Boh _ ae —— te a oe
Par — _ _ ee — ~ ee ee ee —_ ee
22et - _ wna a ee a eee neat
Raed _ — _—— pe ete — ees ne — —_ a
268m a sen stn —— eet one sate — we nee — a
250% _ _ — _— an levee een

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthinese Data System 1992-1984 $7


Occupant injury Data

Table 19 iContinund)
Distribution of All injuries to Crash-Involved Gar Occupants
by Body Region and Severity: Average per Year, 1992-1994

2.512,388

Ai Other

BAGZLST 272,872 3K 2,4 9,623,142

atage of the

“Pot gach body 139
row total, ar

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 91


Vehicle Crash Data

Light Truck Crash Severity

Tabla 7 shows the distribution of towed

miles per hour) and area of damage, Most of the obser
frequencies and injuries io occupants as a function of ¢
vehicies; the same general patierns ar |. Far @: i

Table 7 are & para
mpoacis, and the correspon
roant, and akiout 0 percent.

shown} in the five crash severily intervals used
a8 percent, 17 percent, and 9 percent jor fron!
proportions are 26 perceni, 84 percent, 9 p

A large majority of ine injuries to o
severities under 40 mph. For exampt
sever under 40 ron. The cu
both side and rear impacts.

The comment mace in connection with ca
ihese vehicles: great caution ecommended in tha use and interpr
data, for two reasons: (a) the large number of u
number of available cases as crash severity incre
Table 7, crash severity was celculated u the 9

Distribution of Towed Light Trucks by Crash Severity (delta-v}
and Area of Damage: Average per Year, 1992-1994

12%
St

02%

Unknown

622,223
480.0%,

Total

PE AM,

uraber
acond data row shows

vehicles, and the second row shows the
severities were known. For th
total for each area of dama
the grand total. NA = not avaliable.

14 National Automotive Sampling SystemyCrashworthinese Data System 1992-1994


NASS/CDS Data Elements

oe cots ACCIDENT TYFES linchedan inrents
&
: ot ot 6 oe
ae nt
Hoadeete omive one poser evo COLLISON eetgimee  seEcice
Gegastare ans TRACOM OSE «| MATH ENE FRG aN, OTHER Renae
ae A. Zé a
& bee e a ce @ 8
Bf Baaaeics gave OFF omrecss Beet CoauOR ssecmes — eecuetee
a Depart REA PRACT URE BATH VMS., PER . RONER OTHER SR OE
. i 3 aor
© eeamercs ob FB se Beode 8 4
Boewast Sit, =. =. eon! J 6
temps De a ase REREUREE, epeomce
APRIL, BEPERTIEE OFNER EERE
se
a w pa acon. woe ge BRO A RE EAEH >
meas bai a iy OF ey
Be ata Ped oéeae sprees | SPECIECE
z3 Poe] BBD OF peony NRO WH
23
aE oe " m fom
a é Ey poem) to 8 cu ILD RAL » ODESEN + 63
oo Foe ant 2 gin. & BSE cd 2 gee & == at
BE btenpas CN THOAE Om TH AMOR CAUROR «AYO GERUMON BMEONEE  gexciE
: RAT Uae = TRAN TH Lome WITH WHS, wath GEST arent GROW
£ hem Nie $80 +48 EAD «8:
Srocemepe Be eerste pd SrSCIRICE cnn
sagie Pe a ain
6 ae vin BAH BE ach + BH
Hen Ot aoacinck SOROS UR ROTE
_¢ satenen wire Te
aa
ea poe) Le ke Cb AGH» EACH o
SS ae | tee lel, Be ELBE
a pines CRATES LORS GG ERUROH AND ORE SANINEE  aPEgIeCS
& TRB CO TART i EE VER WF OBLEET OTHER eR
= t “ or EBL» BD RDM » OH
eee ha sexes SeRCIROR HHEINONE
na Lavinia, soli sina
a vend H con: remem BACH © FaHHACH «FH
By | tum a? Bhmee Ro
€ H ferens WOR COEDETE §—HETIAS, BARE REC HONE BREE SRESIAES
EB | tae Daher e ones OTHER rad
si Ke a * w EACH o BE LACH + BH
J A | tum tm ve @ Ko oe
OF A wae bed erecmee  spEDIREH
& TUR AT BRIBE ORBETERE TRARE NTS GEMRETE DAKE Benet nad
% 4% % - ACHE
43 4 Fea @ SEAS o HD
yee 5 Saenaghe Cer races anecnee uawoun
pS rane 8 ane
%
@ M4. ory OTHE eBH. $8 Giher Resident Tyree
EAE Backing * oe ts ET 8 Uoknawe Accident Tepe
. fe Bacio 8H Reg Soeiaee
s

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1962-1984 63


1 , introduction

Background

ive Sampling Syatern (NASS}—formarly, the National Accident
haniam through which the National Highway Traffic Safety

i tative data on motor vehicle traffic
plementation, and evaluation af motor vehicle and
criginally designed and implemented in

i] analy sue of pagseny ‘ash protection
changes that were implemented by NHTSA’s
MOSA} in January 1988.

issues, the NASS was divided

s on an annual
s Crashworthiness
sammie of
towed from

t vane, and sporiuillty \
SY 0 pounds or lass. The term fight ‘ruoks is used
iy vehicles.

Uriike the CDS,
police crash
trends in mo’

$ does no
does movie ee He

al report published
aial Anak,
fatal crashes that ocour in ihe

and Puero Aico,

Objective

The oblective ¢
crash, vehicle. o
protection perfor
NASBS/CDS reco

rthose years.

Vehicles Under Consideration

000 pounds
flages,

National Autornotive Sampling SystemyvCrashworthiness Data System 1992-1964 1


NASS/CDS Data Elements

National Accident Sampling Systern-Crashworthiness Date System:

STOP - VARIABLES 50 THROUGH 53 ARE
COMPLETED BY THE ZONE CENTER

40}

TRAUMA DS “

23

8O, Glusgow Coma Scale (GCS) Score 43}
fat Medical Facility) 38}
{OO} Not injured {9}

(C1) Iejured - sot treated at medical facifiy
102) No GCS Sore at medical faciiity
(03-18) Code the actual value of the
initial GCS Score recorded at medical
racitity.
{a7} injured, details unkeown
(99) Unkeown if injured

$1. Was the Ocoupans Giver Biood?
tt} Ma - blood not gives
{2 Yes ~ blood given

{specify unitsh, a
{9} Unknown i blood given

_ Arterial Biaod Gases (ABS) - HUDy
100) Not injured
G1) injured, ABGs sot measured OF reported
{52-80} Code the actual value of theHCO3
196) ABGs reported , HCOg unknows
(87) injured, detaits unkeowre
495} Unknown if injured

Primary Source ©!

Necupant Assessment Forrt

© Determination
pleidestrayed

Not equipps
or rendered
Venice insy
Otficist injury gate

Driverfnccapant mencaw
Other (specify a.
Unknown if belt uaed

J

National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System 1992-1994 25


Occupant Injury Data

Figure 9
Distribution of injuries by Body Region to Crash-invoived
Gar Occupants by Restraint Usage: Average per Year, 1992-1994

Restrained Unrestesined
Brain: 20,985 (1.1%
Other Hoad: 25,669 (1.3
Face
Chest,
Upper
Extremiti

Abdornen.

Skin: 648,686 (33.0%) -—-— aa ~ - Skin: 356,368 (54.05)

Neck: 78125 (4.0%) . mee i OT (4 1%}

Should
and Back: 228.610 11

Spine: 444 (

Pelvis: 6,728 (0.3%) pO Palvis: £661 (1.39)

Lower oe P “ - Lewer
Zetremufios: 44.868 (2.3% Extrer

Yotat
Restrained Unrgstrained
Ovcupants: Seoupante:
4,966,372 1 &SG,507

36 National Automotive Sampling SystenyCrashworthinese Daia System 1992-1984


Appendix E. CRASHPC and OLDMISSPC Summary

As its name i
program that can n be used to estimate va!
physical evidence obtained by @ crash }
program is to provitia a standardized shjective means of Interpreting
evidence fram the scene of an automobile onifision.

speeds exp.
based on work-energy relat

The CRASHPC program is a simp!
As is the case with any such analytic:
reduce the comple: and ihe oper
CRASHPG is not, was} intended to be, a high-th B
most crashes, only a minimum of date are available, and even
second hand

lon progr.
only available

COME A
popular tool among re nl the
CRASHPO progra
% Stafistical tool to identi

program, and it should be used ace:
applying the CRASHPC program ir
fundamental assumptions:

* his a two-dimensional program.

» ft simplifies the characteristies of vet

«tt assumes that at some instant curing 8

*f assumes that the v i
steering, and over a single

ie: the: ire ry sirnulatiors,

meen that
de crashes; nonhorizontal co
n, yielding objects, or pedest

The above assumptio!
severe overidefunder
frucks or inains In mot

“@ missing vehicle algorithm (OLDMISSPC) math nqy is based or CRASHPC.

National Autemotive Sampling Systeny/Crashworthiness Date System 1992-1934 103


Occupant injury Data

Table 21 (Continued)
Distrioution af All injuries to Crash-involved Car Gcoupants
by Injury Contact and Severity: Average per Ye

ar,

lejury Contact

Pinot

Mon.Gantact

Piro in Voniote

“Por each

total.

314,783

4,005

3a 767

4,408

48810

78,2284

468,148

444,654

BU22 25,038 3,623,152

103, the second row shaws the pereniage at the

National Automotive Sarnpling SystenyCrashworthinese Data System 1992-1984

33