NUMBER 13-12-00683-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

EX PARTE ERIKA RIVERA

On appeal from the 107th District Court

of Cameron County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Garza and Perkes

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Garza

Appellant, the Texas Department of Public Safety (“DPS”), brings this restricted 

appeal from the trial court's order expunging the arrest of appellee, Erika Rivera, from 

all public records. Appellee has not filed a brief to assist in the disposition of this 

appeal. By a single issue, DPS contends that the trial court's expunction order was not 

supported by legally sufficient evidence. We reverse and render.
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I. BACKGROUND

On March 12, 2012, Rivera filed an ex parte petition to expunge public records of 

her arrest for criminal mischief, a class B misdemeanor. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. 

§ 28.03 (West 2009); Rivera identified several entities that may be in possession of 

records or files pertaining to her arrest. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 55.02, 

§ 2(a), (b)(8) (West 2006) (in an ex parte petition for expunction; requiring petitioner to 

name agencies that may have files subject to expunction). Rivera identified, among 

other entities, the Brownsville Police Department, the Cameron County District Attorney, 

and DPS. Rivera’s petition states that she was charged with criminal mischief, for which 

she received a sentence of six months deferred-adjudication community supervision, 

and she asked for the charge to be expunged from her record.

The trial court set a hearing on Rivera's petition for May 21, 2012. Pursuant to 

article 55.02 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, the trial court sent notice of the 

petition and the hearing date to all the parties listed in the petition. See id. art. 55.02,

§ 2(c). DPS filed an answer claiming that Rivera was not entitled to expunction 

because she received a sentence of six months deferred-adjudication community 

supervision for her offense. 

A Cameron County assistant district attorney appeared on behalf of the State, 

arguing that because Rivera pleaded guilty and received deferred-adjudication 

community supervision, she was not entitled to expunction. Rivera’s counsel countered

that hers was both an “exceptional” and “humanitarian” case. On May 21, 2012, the trial 

court ordered all of Rivera's records pertaining to the arrest expunged.
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DPS did not file a motion for new trial or other post-judgment motion. On 

November 5, 2012, DPS filed a notice of restricted appeal, stating that it is a party 

affected by the expunction order. See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(c) (notice of restricted 

appeal may be filed within six months after judgment or order is signed); TEX. R. APP. P. 

30.

II. RESTRICTED APPEAL

To attack an order by restricted appeal, the appellant must show: (1) it was a 

party who did not participate in the hearing that resulted in the judgment complained of;

(2) it filed a notice of appeal within six months after the order was signed; (3) it did not 

timely file a post-judgment motion or request findings of fact and conclusions of law; and 

(4) error is apparent on the face of the record. TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(c), 30; Bazan v. 

Canales, 200 S.W.3d 844, 846–47 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2006, no pet.); see also

State Bd. for Educator Certification v. Gonzalez, No. 13-02-00463-CV, 2003 Tex. App. 

LEXIS 7223, at *4 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Aug. 25, 2003, no pet.).

With regard to the first requirement, DPS is a state agency that may have 

records pertaining to arrests, as is made apparent by the statutory requirement that 

DPS be notified of a final order expunging records. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 

55.02 § 3(c); see Tex. Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Moore, 51 S.W.3d 355, 357 (Tex. App.—

Tyler 2001, no pet.). Although article 2.01 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure 

states that the district attorney represents the State in criminal cases, at an expunction 

hearing, each law enforcement agency is entitled to represent itself. Tex. Dep't of Pub. 

Safety v. Katopodis, 886 S.W.2d 455, 458 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, no 

writ); see TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 55.02, § 2 (stating that “such entity may be 
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represented by the attorney responsible for providing such agency with legal 

representation in other matters”). Here, the district attorney was the only attorney who 

appeared for the state and nothing in the record demonstrates that the district attorney 

was acting on behalf of DPS. The record shows, therefore, that DPS was a party who 

did not participate in the hearing giving rise to the expunction order. See Moore, 51 

S.W.3d at 357; Tex. Dep't of Pub. Safety v. Deck, 954 S.W.2d 108, 111 (Tex. App.—

San Antonio 1997, no writ); see also Tex. Dep't of Pub. Safety v. Olivares, No. 13–06–

035–CV at *3, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 5904, at *6–10 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi July 

26, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op.).

With regard to the second and third requirements, the record further reflects that 

DPS filed a notice of restricted appeal within six months of the expunction order, and it 

did not file any post-judgment motions. Accordingly, DPS satisfied the first three 

requirements for a restricted appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(c); TEX. R. APP. P. 30. 

We now turn to the alleged error which the state must show is apparent on the face of 

the records to satisfy the fourth requirement for restricted appeals.

III. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

By its sole issue, DPS contends that the trial court erred in granting Rivera's 

petition for expunction because Rivera failed to establish, by legally sufficient evidence, 

that she had satisfied the statutory requirements for expunction.

A. Standard of Review

In restricted appeals, we are limited to considering only errors that are apparent 

on the face of the record. See Norman Commc'ns v. Tex. Eastman Co., 955 S.W.2d 

269, 270 (Tex. 1997) (per curiam); see also Gonzalez, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 7223, at 
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*5. The “face of the record” includes all papers on file in the appeal and the reporter's 

record, if any. Norman Commc'ns, 955 S.W.2d at 270. A restricted appeal affords the 

appellant the same scope of review as an ordinary appeal—in other words, the entire 

case. Id. DPS has challenged the legal sufficiency of the evidence supporting the 

expunction order, which we may review in a restricted appeal. Id.

In conducting a legal sufficiency review, we “view the evidence in the light 

favorable to the verdict, crediting favorable evidence if reasonable jurors could, and 

disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not.” City of Keller v. 

Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 807, 827 (Tex. 2005). We will sustain a no-evidence 

challenge when the record shows that (1) there is a complete absence of a vital fact, 

(2) the court is barred from considering the only evidence offered to prove a vital fact,

(3) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no more than a scintilla, or (4) the 

evidence conclusively establishes the opposite of a vital fact. Id. at 810 (citing Robert 

W. Calvert, “No Evidence” and “Insufficient Evidence” Points of Error, 38 TEX. L. REV. 

361, 362–63 (1960)); Tex. Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Williams, 76 S.W.3d 647, 649 (Tex. 

App.—Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.).

B. Expunction Requirements

“The expunction statute was created to allow persons wrongfully charged to 

expunge their arrest records.” Williams, 76 S.W.3d at 650 (citing Tex. Dep't of Pub. 

Safety v. Butler, 941 S.W.2d 318, 321 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1997, no writ); State 

v. Knight, 813 S.W.2d 210, 212 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, no writ)). The 

petitioner has the burden of proving that all statutory requirements have been satisfied 

in order to be entitled to expunction. Williams, 76 S.W.3d at 650 (citing Butler, 941 
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S.W.2d at 321; Ex parte Scott, 818 S.W.2d 226, 227 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1991, 

no writ)). The trial court must strictly comply with the statutory procedures for 

expunction, and it commits reversible error when it fails to comply. Ex parte Stiles, 958 

S.W.2d 414, 418 (Tex. App.—Waco 1997, pet. denied). Courts have no equitable 

power to extend the expunction statute. Williams, 76 S.W.3d at 650.

The code of criminal procedure allows for expunction under certain specific 

circumstances. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 55.01. When a petitioner, such as 

Rivera, has not been acquitted of the offense to be expunged or convicted and 

subsequently pardoned, that petitioner must demonstrate that “the person has been 

released and the charge, if any, has not resulted in a final conviction and is no longer 

pending and there was no court-ordered community supervision under Article 42.12 for 

the offense, unless the offense is a Class C misdemeanor . . . .” Id. art. 55.01(a)(2). 

Under this provision, a petitioner must demonstrate that he or she did not receive courtordered community supervision under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure article 42.12, 

which includes deferred-adjudication community supervision. Butler, 941 S.W.2d at 

321; see TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 42.12; id. at art. 55.01. Prior to the 1989 

amendments to the code of criminal procedure, article 55.01(a)(2)(B) mandated that in 

order for the petitioner to be entitled to an expunction, the petitioner had to prove that he 

or she had not been placed on “community supervision.” See Act of May 27, 1979, 66th 

Leg., R.S., ch. 604, § 1, 1979 TEX. GEN. LAWS 1333, 1333. Courts construing the 

statute after the 1989 amendments determined that deferred-adjudication community 

supervision constitutes “court ordered probation” for purposes of article 55.01(a)(2)(B) 

and thus renders a defendant ineligible to expunge his or her arrest. Butler, 941 S.W.2d 
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318, 321; State v. Knight, 813 S.W.2d 210, 212 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, 

no writ).

In State v. Knight, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals noted the different wording 

between the old and new versions of the statute and found that the earlier case law on 

“court ordered supervision” is no longer valid. Knight, 813 S.W.2d at 212. The court 

held that “court ordered probation” encompasses deferred-adjudication community 

supervision whether or not the trial court imposes explicit conditions on the petitioner. 

Id. The expunction statute was “not intended to allow a person who is arrested, pleads 

guilty to an offense, and receives probation after pleading guilty, to expunge his record.”

Id.; see Harris County Dist. Attorney’s Office v. J.T.S., 807 S.W.2d 572, 574 (Tex.

1991); 43B GEORGE E. DIX & ROBERT O. DAWSON, TEXAS PRACTICE: CRIMINAL PRACTICE &

PROCEDURE §§ 48.29–.30, at 277 (2d ed. 2001) (acknowledging general “rule that one is 

not entitled to expunction upon successful completion of a term of deferred 

adjudication”).

C. Analysis

DPS contends that the trial court erred in granting Rivera's petition for expunction 

because she presented no evidence to satisfy the statutory requirements for 

expunction—in particular, there is no evidence in the record demonstrating that Rivera

did not receive community supervision. We agree.

It is well settled that the petitioner has the burden of proving that all statutory 

requirements have been satisfied in order to be entitled to expunction. Williams, 76 

S.W.3d at 650–51. Rivera admitted in her petition that she “was placed on deferred 

adjudication [community supervision] for six months.” Rivera’s statement that she was 
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placed on deferred-adjudication community supervision for six months is a judicial 

admission. See Mendoza v Fidelity & Guar. Ins., 606 S.W.2d 692, 694 (Tex. 1980); see 

also Mapco, Inc. v. Carter, 817 S.W.2d 686, 687 (Tex. 1991) (per curiam) (a judicial 

admission must be a clear, deliberate, and unequivocal statement); Griffin v. Superior 

Ins. Co., 338 S.W.2d 415, 419 (Tex. 1960). A judicial admission is conclusive upon the 

party making it, and it relieves the opposing party’s burden of proving the admitted fact

and bars the admitting party from disputing it. Gevinson v. Manhattan Constr. Co. of 

Okla., 449 S.W.2d 458, 467 (Tex.1969); MCCORMICK & RAY, TEXAS LAW OF EVIDENCE § 

1127 (2d ed. 1956).

Under these circumstances, we believe that the evidence conclusively 

establishes that Rivera received deferred-adjudication community supervision for her

offense, and as a result, the evidence is legally insufficient to support her eligibility for

expunction. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 55.01(a)(2); City of Keller, 168 

S.W.3d at 810; see also Tex. Dep't of Pub. Safety v. Lopez, No. 13-05-619-CV, 2007 

Tex. App. LEXIS 5341, at *4 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi July 5, 2007, no pet.) (mem. 

op.). The error is apparent on the face of the record; therefore, we sustain DPS’s issue.

See Tex. Dep't of Pub. Safety v. Six, 25 S.W.3d 368, 370 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, 

no pet.); see also Tex. Dep't of Pub. Safety v. Shipp, No. 05-05-01421-CV, 2006 Tex. 

App. LEXIS 2361, at *4–7 (Tex. App.—Dallas Mar. 29, 2006, no pet.) (mem. op.).

IV. CONCLUSION

We reverse the trial court's order and render judgment denying the petition for

expunction. Pursuant to DPS's prayer for relief, we order any documents surrendered 

to the trial court or to Rivera returned to the submitting agencies. See Tex. Dep’t of 
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Pub. Safety v. Fredricks, 235 S.W.3d 275, 282 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi, 2007, no 

pet.) (mem. op.); Ex parte Elliot, 815 S.W.2d 251, 252 (Tex. 1991) (per curiam) 

(providing that reversal of the order of expunction applies to all respondents, even if 

they did not participate in the appeal).

DORI CONTRERAS GARZA,

Justice

Delivered and filed the

27th day of June, 2013.