DA 18-0487

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

2020 MT 302N

STATE OF MONTANA,

 Plaintiff and Appellee,

 v.

RAYMOND VANDENBOS,

 Defendant and Appellant.

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Ninth Judicial District,

In and For the County of Glacier, Cause No. DC 17-52

Honorable Robert G. Olson, Presiding Judge

COUNSEL OF RECORD:

For Appellant:

Chad Wright, Appellate Defender, Lisa S. Korchinski, Assistant Appellate 

Defender, Helena, Montana

For Appellee:

Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General, Katie F. Schulz, Assistant 

Attorney General, Helena, Montana

Terryl T. Matt, Glacier County Attorney, Joseph F. Sherwood, Deputy

County Attorney, Cut Bank, Montana

Submitted on Briefs: November 4, 2020

 Decided: December 1, 2020

Filed:

__________________________________________

Clerk

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12/01/2020

Case Number: DA 18-0487
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Justice Ingrid Gustafson delivered the Opinion of the Court. 

¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating 

Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not 

serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this 

Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana 

Reports. 

¶2 Defendant and Appellant Raymond Vandenbos (Vandenbos) was arrested and 

charged with driving under the influence (DUI), 4th or subsequent offense. On July 31, 

2017, Montana Highway Patrol Trooper Terrance Melton was advised by Blackfeet Tribal 

Police of a possible drunk driver on the Starr School Road and was provided the make, 

color, and license plate number of the vehicle. The license plate number returned to a red

1981 Chevrolet pickup registered to Vandenbos. As Trooper Melton entered the Starr 

School area, he observed the vehicle parked on the right side of the westbound lane. As he 

drove past the vehicle, the driver’s side door was open and Vandenbos (whom he later 

identified) was sitting in the driver’s seat. Trooper Melton turned on his overhead lights

and turned around, before pulling in behind the vehicle. Vandenbos exited the driver’s 

side and, as instructed by Trooper Melton, walked to the rear of the truck. Trooper Melton 

observed Vandenbos had bloodshot, watery eyes, slurred speech, a strong odor of alcohol 

emanating from him, and was unsteady on his feet. Trooper Melton asked Vandenbos 

where the keys to the vehicle were and Vandenbos removed them from his right front 

pocket and handed them to Trooper Melton. Vandenbos refused to participate in any field 
3

sobriety tests or a blood test, but did agree to take a preliminary breath test. Trooper Melton

then obtained a search warrant for a blood draw, which showed a BAC of .199. 

¶3 At trial, Vandenbos moved for directed verdict following the State’s case-in-chief, 

asserting the State failed to prove Vandenbos was in “actual physical control” of the 

vehicle. The District Court denied the motion and the jury ultimately found Vandenbos 

guilty of the DUI offense. On June 6, 2018, the District Court then sentenced Vandenbos 

to five years with the Montana Department of Corrections (DOC). On appeal, Vandenbos 

asserts the District Court did not have sufficient evidence to determine beyond a reasonable 

doubt that Vandenbos was in actual physical control of his vehicle while under the 

influence of alcohol. The basis for this assertion is that there were other individuals who 

could have potentially driven the vehicle, the vehicle was not running when Trooper 

Melton encountered it, and Trooper Melton did not actually see Vandenbos driving the 

vehicle. Vandenbos also contends the District Court erred by not crediting him with 311 

days of pretrial incarceration. 

¶4 We review de novo a question on the sufficiency of the evidence to determine 

whether, after reviewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any 

rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a 

reasonable doubt. State v. Sommers, 2014 MT 315, ¶ 15, 377 Mont. 203, 339 P.3d 65

(citing State v. Redlich, 2014 MT 55, ¶ 18, 374 Mont. 135, 321 P.3d 82). 

¶5 Section 61-8-401(1)(a), MCA, provides that it is unlawful for “a person who is 

under the influence of . . . alcohol to drive or be in actual physical control of a vehicle upon 

the ways of this state open to the public[.]”
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¶6 Vandenbos’s argument he was not in possession of the vehicle is unpersuasive and 

the District Court did not err in paying no heed to this argument. Trooper Melton received 

a report of a possible drunk driver on the Starr School Road and was provided the make, 

color, and license plate number of the vehicle. Shortly thereafter he located the exact 

vehicle on Starr School Road with its occupants still in the vehicle. He witnessed 

Vandenbos in the driver’s seat and immediately upon exiting the vehicle, Vandenbos had 

the keys to the vehicle in his pocket. This combined with the direct and circumstantial 

evidence of intoxication at the time of the arrest is reasonable and sufficient evidence to 

support a conviction for DUI. 

¶7 Vandenbos also contests the District Court’s failure to credit him for 311 days of 

pretrial incarceration. Vandenbos was arrested on July 31, 2017. On August 16, 2017,

Vandenbos was charged by information with the DUI offense and simultaneously the court 

issued an arrest warrant and set bond on the DUI offense at $20,000. The DUI offense was 

a bailable offense. Vandenbos never posted any bond on this offense and thus was arguably 

being held on the DUI offense regardless of whether he was also being held on a different 

offense. The record contains a February 21, 2018 letter to Vandenbos from Kevin Olson, 

administrator of DOC’s Probation and Parole Division, which states, in pertinent part: 

In October of 2017 you filed a disciplinary appeal with Bureau Chief Lahiff. 

She responded by denying your appeal and correctly pointing out that your 

current placement in the Glacier County Detention Facility is due to your 

pending Driving While Under the Influence criminal charges filed by the 

Glacier County Attorney’s Office. 

The Location Report contained in the record shows Vandenbos was placed on “Conditional 

Release Hold” on July 31, 2017, when he was arrested on the DUI offense and that hold 
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ended on August 3, 2017, and he was not further placed on a conditional release prior to 

June 6, 2018, when he was sentenced on the DUI in this cause. This documentation clearly 

indicates Vandenbos was being held only on the DUI charge and was no longer on a 

conditional release hold as of August 3, 2017. Each day of incarceration on a bailable 

offense must be credited against a defendant’s sentence when directly related to the offense 

for which the sentence was imposed. Section 46-18-403(1), MCA; State v. Hornstein, 

2010 MT 75, ¶¶ 14, 16, 356 Mont. 14, 229 P.3d 1206. Here, Vandenbos is thus entitled to 

credit for the time he served between his arrest and sentencing. The District Court’s 

determination of the number of days Vandenbos is entitled to credit for pretrial 

incarceration is reversed and this matter is remanded to the District Court to provide 

Vandenbos credit for pretrial incarceration in conformance with this Opinion. 

¶8 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of our 

Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. In the opinion of the 

Court, the case presents a question controlled by settled law or by the clear application of 

applicable standards of review. 

¶9 Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded for further action consistent with 

this Opinion. 

/S/ INGRID GUSTAFSON

We concur: 

/S/ DIRK M. SANDEFUR

/S/ LAURIE McKINNON

/S/ BETH BAKER

/S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA