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U.S. Geological Survey

Geochemistry and Stratigraphic Relations of 

Middle Proterozoic Rocks of the 

New Jersey Highlands

By Richard A. Volkert and Avery Ala Drake, Jr.

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1565–C 

Prepared in cooperation with the

New Jersey Geological Survey

New Jersey Highlands Middle Proterozoic rocks include

sodic basement rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite and an 

unconformably overlying metasedimentary sequence 

intruded by synkinematic granitoids (~1,090 Ma) and 

postkinematic granite (1,020 Ma)

GEOLOGIC STUDIES IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES G. GROAT, Director

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1999

Published in the Eastern Region, Reston, Va.

Manuscript approved for publication October 27, 1998.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and

does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

For sale by

U.S. Geological Survey

Information Services

Box 25286, Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Volkert, Richard A.

Geochemistry and stratigraphic relations of Middle Proterozoic rocks of the New Jersey Highlands / by Richard A. Volkert

and Avery Ala Drake, Jr.

p. cm.—(Geologic studies in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania ; C) (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ;

1565) 

“Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Geological Survey.”

Includes bibliographical references.

Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19. 16 : 1565–C

1. Geology, Stratigraphic—Proterozoic. 2. Geology—New Jersey—New Jersey Highlands. 3. Geochemistry—New

Jersey—New Jersey Highlands. I. Drake, Avery Ala, 1927– . II. New Jersey Geological Survey. III. Title.

IV. Series. V. Series: U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1565.

QE141.G46 1995 vol. C

[QE653.5]

557.49 s—dc21 98–53233

[551.7' 15' 09749] CIP
III

CONTENTS

Abstract ........................................................................................................................... C1

Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1

Acknowledgments................................................................................................... 3

Basement Rocks .............................................................................................................. 3

Losee Metamorphic Suite ....................................................................................... 3

Dacitic, Tonalitic, and Trondhjemitic Rocks................................................... 3

Charnockitic Rocks ......................................................................................... 5

Supracrustal Rocks.......................................................................................................... 9

Quartzofeldspathic Gneiss ...................................................................................... 10

Potassium-Feldspar Gneiss ............................................................................. 10

Microcline Gneiss ........................................................................................... 10

Monazite Gneiss.............................................................................................. 11

Biotite-Quartz-Feldspar Gneiss....................................................................... 12

Hornblende-Quartz-Feldspar Gneiss............................................................... 13

Metaquartzite .......................................................................................................... 13

Calc-Silicate Gneiss ................................................................................................ 13

 Clinopyroxene-Quartz-Feldspar Gneiss ......................................................... 14

Diopsidite ....................................................................................................... 15

Pyroxene Gneiss ............................................................................................. 15

 Epidote-Bearing Gneiss.................................................................................. 16

Marble.................................................................................................................... 17

 Stratigraphic Relations and Tectonic Setting......................................................... 17

Intrusive Rocks................................................................................................................ 20

Vernon Supersuite.................................................................................................. 21

 Byram Intrusive Suite ..................................................................................... 21

 Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite...................................................................... 23

Similarity of Byram and Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suites............................ 23

Mount Eve Granite ................................................................................................ 25

Other Rocks..................................................................................................................... 25

Amphibolites ......................................................................................................... 25

 Biotite-Plagioclase Gneiss .................................................................................... 27

Proterozoic Tectonic History of the Highlands—A Synthesis........................................ 27

References Cited ............................................................................................................. 29

FIGURES

1. Generalized geologic map showing distribution of Middle Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic rocks

in northern New Jersey .................................................................................................................................................... C2

2. Geologic map showing distribution of Losee Metamorphic Suite rocks in the New Jersey Highlands ........................... 4

3. Photograph showing angular unconformity between feldspathic metaquartzite and layered charnockitic 

gneiss and amphibolite, Wanaque quadrangle, New Jersey ...............................................................................................5
IV CONTENTS

4–10. Plots of data for rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite in the New Jersey Highlands:

4. Leucocratic rocks on a normative feldspar diagram ................................................................................... 5

5. Layered charnockitic rocks on a total alkali-silica diagram ....................................................................... 6

6. Layered charnockitic rocks, massive charnockitic rocks, and leucocratic rocks on a normative

Qtz-Or-(Ab+An) diagram ........................................................................................................................... 7

 7. Layered charnockitic rocks, massive charnockitic rocks, and leucocratic rocks on an AFM diagram....... 7

 8. Layered charnockitic rocks, massive charnockitic rocks, and leucocratic rocks on a diagram of 

FeO/MgO versus TiO2 ................................................................................................................................ 8

 9. Layered charnockitic rocks, massive charnockitic rocks, and leucocratic rocks on a diagram of 

alkali-lime versus SiO2 ............................................................................................................................... 9

10. Layered charnockitic rocks, massive charnockitic rocks, and leucocratic rocks on a CaO-Al2O3-

(FeOTotal+MgO) diagram.......................................................................................................................... 10

11. Geologic map showing distribution of rocks of quartzofeldspathic composition in the New Jersey 

Highlands............................................................................................................................................................ 11

12. Plot of Si/(Si+Al) versus (Na+Ca)/(Na+Ca+K) for metasedimentary rock types in the New Jersey 

Highlands ........................................................................................................................................................... 12

13. Geologic map showing distribution of rocks of calc-silicate composition in the New Jersey 

Highlands............................................................................................................................................................ 14

14. Photograph showing thin diopsidite lens within clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss from 

the Stanhope quadrangle, New Jersey ................................................................................................................ 15

15. Plot of Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O) versus Fe2O3Total+MgO for metasedimentary rock types in 

the New Jersey Highlands .................................................................................................................................. 16

16. Geologic map showing distribution of marble in the New Jersey Highlands..................................................... 18

17, 18. Plots of data for metasedimentary rock types in the New Jersey Highlands:

17. Na2O-(Fe2O3Total+MgO)-K2O diagram.................................................................................................... 19

18. Log K2O/Na2O versus SiO2 diagram ........................................................................................................ 20

19. Geologic map showing distribution of intrusive rocks in the New Jersey Highlands ........................................ 21

20. Generalized geologic map of type area of the Vernon Supersuite in the Hamburg (New Jersey) 

and Wawayanda (New Jersey-New York) quadrangles....................................................................................... 22

21–24. Plots of data for granitic rocks in the New Jersey Highlands:

21. Normative Qtz-Or-Ab diagram ................................................................................................................. 24

22. Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O) versus Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O) diagram.............................................................. 24

23. (K2O+Na2O)/CaO versus Zr+Nb+Ce+Y diagram.................................................................................... 25

24. (Al2O3+CaO)/(FeOTotal+Na2O+K2O) versus 100([MgO+FeOTotal+TiO2]/SiO2) diagram...................... 25

25. Plot of log TiO2 versus Mg' for amphibolites in the New Jersey Highlands ..................................................... 26

26. Schematic diagram showing inferred stratigraphic relations of Middle and Late Proterozoic rocks in the 

New Jersey Highlands ........................................................................................................................................ 28

TABLES

[Tables 1–18 follow References Cited]

 

1–9. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of rocks of the New Jersey Highlands:

1. Leucocratic rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite....................................................................................C34

2. Layered charnockitic rocks (Yh) of the Losee Metamorphic Suite............................................................... 39

3. Massive charnockitic rocks (Yd) of the Losee Metamorphic Suite .............................................................. 42

4. Potassium-feldspar gnesis (Yk) and monazite gneiss (Ymg)........................................................................ 45

5. Microcline gneiss (Ym)................................................................................................................................. 48

6. Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Yb) ............................................................................................................... 49

7. Hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Ymh) .................................................................................................... 52

8. Clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Ymp) ............................................................................................... 53
CONTENTS V

9. Diopsidite.......................................................................................................................................................55

10. Major-oxide concentrations in clinopyroxenes and plagioclase in sample 242 of pyroxene 

gneiss (Yp) from the New Jersey Highlands ........................................................................................................ 57

11. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of pyroxene gneiss (Yp), 

New Jersey Highlands .......................................................................................................................................... 58

12. Major-oxide ratios for the three geochemical types of pyroxene gneiss (Yp), 

New Jersey Highlands........................................................................................................................................... 60

13–15. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of rocks of the New Jersey Highlands:

13. Pyroxene-epidote gneiss (Ype) and quartz-epidote gneiss (Ye)................................................................... 61

14. Byram Intrusive Suite rocks......................................................................................................................... 63

15. Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite rocks......................................................................................................... 68

 16. Major-oxide concentrations and CIPW norms of the Mount Eve Granite (Ygm), 

New Jersey Highlands........................................................................................................................................... 73

17, 18. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of rocks of the New Jersey 

Highlands:

17. Amphibolite (Ya) .......................................................................................................................................... 74

18. Biotite-plagioclase gneiss (Ybp) .................................................................................................................. 76

 To convert degrees Celsius (°C) to degrees Fahrenheit (°F), use 

the following:

°F = (1.8 × °C) + 32

METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply By To obtain

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer
GEOLOGIC STUDIES IN NEW JERSEY AND EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA

C1

Geochemistry and Stratigraphic Relations of 

Middle Proterozoic Rocks of the New Jersey Highlands

By Richard A. Volkert1 and Avery Ala Drake, Jr.2

ABSTRACT

The New Jersey Highlands are underlain principally by

Middle Proterozoic orthogneiss, paragneiss, and marble that

were metamorphosed to upper amphibolite to hornblendegranulite facies and were intruded by granitoid rocks. The

oldest rocks are dacitic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic gneiss

and granite of calc-alkaline affinity and metabasalt of the

Losee Metamorphic Suite. They are associated spatially

with quartz-rich and quartz-poor charnockitic rocks. Field

relationships and geochemical data support a cogenetic

interpretation for the dacitic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic

rocks and the charnockitic rocks. They are herein all

included in the Losee Metamorphic Suite. 

The rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite form a

basement assemblage that is unconformably overlain by a

layered sequence of supracrustal rocks that consist of

quartzofeldspathic gneiss of arkosic and (or) graywacke

composition, metaquartzite, calc-silicate gneiss, and marble. Quartzofeldspathic gneiss and calc-silicate gneiss are

ubiquitous, but marble occurs mainly in the western Highlands. Metaquartzite occurs as thin lenses and layers

throughout the Highlands and provides an excellent marker.

Amphibolite formed from different protoliths is widespread

and is found in virtually all Middle Proterozoic rocks. 

Widespread synorogenic granitoids include the hornblende- and biotite-bearing rocks of the Byram Intrusive

Suite, dated at between 1,116±41 Ma and 1,088±41 Ma, and

the clinopyroxene-bearing rocks of the Lake Hopatcong

Intrusive Suite, dated at 1,095±9 Ma. Both have similar

major- and trace-element abundances and are interpreted as

having fractionated from the same magma. They are

included as suites in the Vernon Supersuite. The postorogenic Mount Eve Granite has been dated at 1,020±4 Ma and

is confined to the extreme northern Highlands. 

Middle Proterozoic rocks are very locally unconformably overlain by weakly metamorphosed Late Proterozoic

rocks of the Chestnut Hill Formation and are intruded by

abundant diabase dikes of Late Proterozoic age. The Proterozoic rocks are unconformably overlain by the Lower

Cambrian Hardyston Quartzite.

INTRODUCTION

The geology of the Middle Proterozoic crystalline

rocks of the New Jersey Highlands has been a subject of

study for over a century. The pioneering work of early geologists resulted in a subdivision of the crystalline rocks into

the Byram Granite Gneiss, Pochuck Gneiss, Losee Pond

Granite, and Franklin White Limestone. This generic breakdown was refined by geologists of the New Jersey Zinc

Company (for example, Hague and others, 1956) and the

U.S. Geological Survey (for example, Sims and Leonard,

1952; Hotz, 1953; Sims, 1958; Drake, 1969) into a more

practical breakdown based on mineralogy. Detailed geologic mapping of the Highlands by the New Jersey Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey since 1984,

undertaken for the new geologic map of New Jersey, has led

to further lithologic refinement and a more complete understanding of the geologic and stratigraphic relations of the

various Middle Proterozoic rocks. Currently, more than 30

different units are recognized, and most are shown on the

new State geologic map (Drake and others, 1996). These

units were distinguished on the basis of distinctive mineralogy and (or) geochemistry as revealed by the numerous analyses for major oxides and trace elements presented here. Unit

designations from Drake and others (1996), such as Ylh, are

used in this paper with modifications explained in the text.

It is beyond the scope of this paper to provide a complete historical perspective of all previous work in the Highlands. Our intent is to discuss the geochemistry, lithology,

and stratigraphy of the various Middle Proterozoic units in

the New Jersey Highlands mainly within the context of new

information and interpretations developed from our recent

study of these complex and interesting rocks. 

Middle Proterozoic rocks of the upper amphibolite to

hornblende-granulite facies underlie the New Jersey

1

New Jersey Geological Survey, Trenton, NJ 08625.

2

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192.
C2 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Highlands and the physically contiguous Hudson Highlands

in New York State and the Durham and Reading Hills in

Pennsylvania. These rocks constitute one of the largest of

the numerous Middle Proterozoic (Grenvillian) massifs in

the eastern United States that extend northeastward from

Alabama to Vermont. These massifs are the exposed roots of

the Laurentian Appalachian orogen and contain rocks older

than 1 Ga. 

The Highlands occupy slightly over 1,000 square miles

in northern New Jersey (fig. 1). They are divided into two

subequal parts by sedimentary rocks of Cambrian through

Devonian age of the Green Pond Mountain region. The

Highlands are in fault contact on the southeast with sedimentary and igneous rocks of Mesozoic age of the Newark

basin and locally with sedimentary rocks of Cambrian and

Ordovician age. On the northwest, the Middle Proterozoic

rocks are unconformably overlain by, or in fault contact

with, sedimentary clastic and carbonate rocks of Cambrian

and Ordovician age that were deposited on the Laurentian

continental margin. A generalized version of these geologic

relations is shown in figure 1. 

Most of the geochemical analyses presented here were

performed by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Concentrations of major oxides, except FeO, and trace

Figure 1. Generalized geologic map of northern New Jersey showing Middle Proterozoic rocks of the Highlands (shaded), undivided

Mesozoic rocks of the Newark Basin ( ), and undivided Paleozoic rocks of the Valley and Ridge ( ). Dashed line marks limit of

Wisconsinan terminal moraine. Small inset map locates study area shown in geologic map.

UN Unionville

PI Pine Island

HM Hamburg

WAY Wawayanda

GLK Greenwood Lake

SL Sloatsburg

NE Newton East

FR Franklin

NFD Newfoundland

WQ Wanaque

RAM Ramsey

BLR Blairstown

TQ Tranquility

ST Stanhope

DOV Dover

BN Boonton

PP Pompton Plains

BVD Belvidere

WSH Washington

HK Hackettstown

CH Chester

ME Mendham

MO Morristown

EAS Easton

BLM Bloomsbury

HB High Bridge

CAL Califon

GL Gladstone

BD Bernardsville

RG Riegelsville

FT Frenchtown

FL Flemington

Abbreviations of 7.5-min quadrangles
BASEMENT ROCKS C3

elements were obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

(XRF). FeO was determined by potentiometric titration

(Jackson and others, 1987). Seventeen of the major- and

trace-element analyses were done by the U.S. Geological

Survey, Reston, Va., using XRF. These are samples in

table 1, nos. F1, 3, and 994; table 2, no. 1106; table 3, nos.

746 and 108; table 4, no. B40; table 6, nos. G13 and D2;

table 9, no. GL-N; table 14, nos. 999 and D1; table 15, nos.

P37 and 76; and table 16, nos. PI-1, U-2, and NE-3.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Most of the authors’ recent mapping of rocks in the

New Jersey Highlands and the acquisition of geochemical

data on these rocks were done under the auspices of a cooperative geologic mapping program (COGEOMAP) between

the New Jersey Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological

Survey for the purpose of producing a new geologic map of

New Jersey. We are grateful to D.B. Stewart and D.W.

Rankin for helpful reviews. Additionally, Volkert thanks

John Puffer for generously providing the microprobe data

(table 10) obtained on a JEOL Superprobe at Rutgers University, David Harper for reviewing an earlier version of this

paper, and Mary Ann Scott for helping with the geologic

map figures. 

 BASEMENT ROCKS

The oldest rocks in the New Jersey Highlands are

inferred to be an assemblage of leucocratic, plagioclase-rich

metadacite and metatonalite gneiss and metatrondhjemite

and associated metabasalt that are spatially associated with

quartz-rich and quartz-poor charnockitic rocks. Collectively, they compose the Losee Metamorphic Suite. Rocks

of the Losee Metamorphic Suite are widespread throughout

the Highlands, where they appear to be unconformably

overlain by a sequence of supracrustal rocks that consist of

quartzofeldspathic gneiss, metaquartzite, calc-silicate

gneiss, and marble. Dacitic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic

rocks are evenly distributed throughout the Highlands,

whereas charnockitic rocks are most abundant in the eastern

Highlands.

LOSEE METAMORPHIC SUITE

The name Losee was introduced by Wolff and Brooks

(1898) for the light-colored rocks exposed at Losee Pond

(currently known as Beaver Lake) in the Franklin

quadrangle. They were named the Losee Pond Granite.

Spencer and others (1908) changed the name to Losee

Gneiss, the name shown on the old State geologic map of

New Jersey (Lewis and Kümmel, 1912). Drake (1984)

renamed these rocks the Losee Metamorphic Suite. The

Losee Metamorphic Suite is herein redefined to include

previously unnamed charnockitic rocks of calc-alkaline

affinity and associated amphibolite. 

DACITIC, TONALITIC, AND TRONDHJEMITIC ROCKS

Dacitic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic rocks (leucocratic

rocks) of the Losee Metamorphic Suite occur throughout

the Highlands in New Jersey but are most abundant in the

Greenwood Lake, Franklin, Hamburg, Boonton, Califon,

High Bridge, and Belvidere quadrangles (fig. 1). Their spatial distribution in the Highlands is shown in figure 2. These

rocks have textural variations that range from well-layered

gneiss and granofels to indistinctly foliated granite and pegmatite. The layered and granofels phases were mapped as

biotite-quartz-oligoclase gneiss (Ylb) and quartz-oligoclase

gneiss (Ylo) on the new State geologic map (Drake and others, 1996). Some phases mapped as Ylo contain appreciable

amounts of hornblende and are described herein as hornblende-quartz-oligoclase gneiss (Ylh). The granitic phase

was mapped as albite-oligoclase granite (Yla). Pegmatite

occurs very locally and commonly was mapped with the

granite.

Amphibolite (Ya) is commonly interlayered with all of

the textural and compositional phases of the Losee.

Although detailed chemistry on these amphibolites is lacking, they almost certainly represent metamorphosed basalt

and (or) gabbro that was cogenetic with the leucocratic

rocks of the Losee (Puffer and Volkert, 1991). 

Dacitic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic rocks of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite are characteristically white weathering,

are light greenish gray on fresh surfaces, and are medium to

coarse grained. The essential minerals are quartz and plagioclase (oligoclase to andesine). Accessory minerals

include biotite, hornblende, clinopyroxene, garnet, and

magnetite. 

Offield (1967) was among the first to advance the idea

that Losee Metamorphic Suite rocks in the Hudson Highlands of New York were basement to the overlying metasedimentary rocks, and he suggested the possibility of an

unconformity between them. Drake (1984) and Volkert and

Drake (1990) proposed that the Losee is also basement to

the other Middle Proterozoic rocks in New Jersey. Geologic

mapping in the Wanaque quadrangle by Volkert (unpub.

data) supports this interpretation, as an exposure of feldspathic metaquartzite, lithologically associated with potassium-feldspar gneiss, was found unconformably overlying

amphibolite and charnockitic gneiss (fig. 3). The basal layers of metaquartzite contain clasts of the underlying

amphibolite.

Samples of leucocratic rocks of the Losee plot in either

the field of tonalite or the field of trondhjemite on a

normative feldspar diagram (fig. 4). The geochemistry of

the Losee is fairly distinctive, as these rocks typically
C4 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

EXPLANATION

contain >60 weight percent SiO2, 12 to 19 weight percent

Al2O3, and 3 to 7 weight percent Na2O (table 1; tables 1–18

follow References Cited). Drake (1969, 1984) interpreted

the Losee to be a metamorphosed sequence of quartz

keratophyre and basalt that possibly contained some

intrusive trondhjemite and that originated in an oceanic

environment. More recently, Puffer and Volkert (1991)

proposed that rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite

originated in a continental margin arc dominated by calcalkaline magmatism. The contents of SiO2, Al2O3, and

Na2O and the MgO/FeO ratios (0.15–0.70) of Losee rocks

are consistent with this interpretation. Therefore, the Losee

likely represents a metamorphosed sequence of dacitic and

tonalitic rocks and associated metabasalt (amphibolite).

Partial melting of basaltic source rock produced the

metadacite and metatonalite of the Losee, whereas the more

massive phases of the Losee were interpreted by Drake

(1984) and Puffer and Volkert (1991), on the basis of

textural relations and geochemistry, to be intrusions of

trondhjemitic magma resulting from partial melting of

metadacite and metatonalite of the Losee.

Isotopic dating of leucocratic Losee rocks is in

progress. Similar rocks in Vermont have yielded ages of

about 1,357 to 1,308 Ma (Aleinikoff and others, 1990), and

others in the Adirondacks of New York have yielded ages of

about 1,330 to 1,300 Ma (McLelland and Chiarenzelli,

1991). The age of the Losee in New Jersey probably is

similar.

Figure 2. Distribution of leucocratic rocks (dacitic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic rocks), charnockitic rocks, and amphibolite of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite in the New Jersey Highlands. Modified from Drake and others (1996).
BASEMENT ROCKS C5

CHARNOCKITIC ROCKS

Charnockitic rocks that contain >5 modal percent

hypersthene in the New Jersey Highlands are of two distinct

types as mapped for the new geologic map of New Jersey

(Drake and others, 1996): quartz-rich, layered gneiss

mapped as hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss (Yh) and

massive-textured, generally quartz-poor rock mapped as

diorite (Yd). The latter ranges in composition from hypersthene diorite (norite) to hypersthene tonalite (enderbite).

All charnockitic rocks contain minor to moderate amounts

of interlayered amphibolite (Ya) dominantly composed of

hornblende and andesine. Although detailed chemistry is

lacking for these amphibolites, they probably are compositionally similar to amphibolites associated with dacitic,

tonalitic, and trondhjemitic rocks and are metamorphosed

Figure 4. Normative feldspar

diagram (O’Conner, 1965) of leucocratic rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite in the New Jersey

Highlands. Geochemical data for

the samples plotted are in table 1.

Figure 3. Angular unconformity

between feldspathic metaquartzite

(above) and layered charnockitic

gneiss and amphibolite (below)

from the Wanaque quadrangle, New

Jersey. Pencil for scale is 5.5 in.

long.

An

Ab Or Trondhjemite Granite

Tonalite

Granodiorite

Qtz monzonite
C6 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

basalt and (or) gabbro. Both types of charnockitic rock are

spatially associated with the more leucocratic rocks of the

Losee Metamorphic Suite (fig. 2) but are less extensive

areally. Layered, quartz-rich charnockitic gneiss has been

mapped throughout the Highlands but is most abundant in

the Franklin, Greenwood Lake, and Wanaque quadrangles.

Rocks mapped as diorite are sparse west of the Green Pond

Mountain region with the exception of a few small exposures mapped by Volkert and others (1989) in the southeastern part of the Stanhope quadrangle. Diorite is abundantly

exposed in the Greenwood Lake, Wanaque, Dover, Morristown, and Mendham quadrangles. 

The layered charnockitic rocks typically weather gray

to tan, are greenish gray to brownish gray, have a greasy luster, and are medium to medium coarse grained. They are

composed of plagioclase (oligoclase to andesine), quartz,

clinopyroxene, hornblende, biotite, hypersthene, minor

potassium feldspar, and opaque minerals. Graphite is a very

local accessory in a few exposures in the Franklin and Newfoundland quadrangles. Layered charnockitic gneiss is commonly interlayered with amphibolite and mafic-rich quartzplagioclase gneiss that lacks hypersthene and is of Losee

affinity. Exposures of quartz-oligoclase gneiss, quartz-rich

charnockitic gneiss, and amphibolite are repetitiously layered on a scale of a few feet in the Newfoundland quadrangle and less abundantly in the Wanaque quadrangle and are

strongly suggestive of a metamorphosed pile of volcanic

rocks.

On the basis of normative feldspar ratios and majorand trace-element abundances (table 2), particularly plots of

SiO2 versus Na2O+K2O (fig. 5) and ratios of Zr/TiO2 and

K2O/Na2O, the layered charnockitic rocks may be

subdivided into rocks having the composition of dacite,

andesite, or rhyolite. Charnockitic dacite (table 2, nos. 138,

G37, 1106, and 275) has Zr/TiO2 ratios of 0.025–0.040 and

K2O/Na2O ratios of 0.20–1.37. The composition overlaps

virtually all major- and trace-element abundances in the

leucocratic rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite (table 1).

The only difference is a very slight enrichment in K2O in

charnockitic dacite. 

Charnockitic andesite (table 2, nos. 423, 639, and 527)

has Zr/TiO2 ratios of 0.015–0.018 and K2O/Na2O ratios of

0.37–0.56. It has somewhat lower SiO2 contents and higher

Fe2O3, FeO, CaO, TiO2, P2O5, and Cr contents than charnockitic dacite or leucocratic Losee rocks (table 1). 

Charnockitic rhyolite (table 2, nos. 279, 345, 96, and

337) has Zr/TiO2 ratios of 0.046–0.14 and K2O/Na2O ratios

of 0.20–5.99. It has higher SiO2 and Ba contents and lower

Al2O3, TiO2, FeO, and CaO contents than charnockitic dacite or andesite. 

Charnockitic dacites are widespread, whereas charnockitic andesite appears to be confined to the Highlands west

of the Green Pond Mountain region. Charnockitic rhyolite

occurs east and west of the Green Pond Mountain region but

is much less abundant than dacite.

The charnockitic rocks of dioritic composition are

greenish gray to brownish gray, greasy lustered, and medium

to coarse grained; they weather gray to tan. They are composed of plagioclase (oligoclase to andesine), clinopyroxene,

hornblende, biotite, hypersthene, minor quartz, and opaque

minerals. Garnet is a very local accessory in an exposure of

diorite in the Stanhope quadrangle. The massive charnockites

are also commonly associated with amphibolite. Cognate

inclusions of noritic composition are locally preserved in an

exposure of hypersthene diorite in the Boonton quadrangle.

The principal differences seen in the field between hypersthene diorite and the layered charnockitic rocks are the massive, indistinctly foliated texture, the generally quartz-poor

composition, and the absence of associated mafic quartz-plagioclase gneiss with the hypersthene diorite. 

The layered and massive charnockitic rocks are also

distinguishable by their geochemistry. On a normative

Figure 5. Total alkali-silica

plot (LeBas and others, 1986)

showing the andesitic, dacitic,

and rhyolitic affinities of layered

charnockitic rocks of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite in the New

Jersey Highlands. Major-oxide

concentrations of the samples

SiO , IN WEIGHT PERCENT plotted are in table 2. 2

Na O+K O, IN WEIGHT PERCENT 2 2

Tephrite

basanite

527

639 423

1106

275 138

G37

96

345

279

337
BASEMENT ROCKS C7

Qtz-Or-(Ab+An) diagram (fig. 6), the two rock types fall

into separate but overlapping fields. The more siliceous and

slightly more potassic composition of the layered charnockites is clearly seen on this diagram. Layered charnockites

characteristically contain >60 weight percent SiO2. By comparison, massive charnockites contain <60 weight percent

SiO2, although a few contain as much as 69 percent and are

more properly termed quartz hypersthene diorite or hypersthene tonalite. The massive charnockites have a more mafic

composition relative to the layered charnockites that is

enriched in Al2O3, FeO, MgO, and CaO (table 3, fig. 7). The

remainder of major oxides and trace elements overlap the

Figure 6. Normative Qtz-Or-

(Ab+An) diagram of leucocratic

rocks, layered charnockitic rocks,

and massive charnockitic rocks of

the Losee Metamorphic Suite in the

New Jersey Highlands. Open circles

are used for the leucocratic rocks so

that the two separate but overlapping fields defined by the charnockitic rocks can be seen clearly.

Geochemical data for the samples

plotted are in tables 1–3.

Qtz

Or Ab+An

EXPLANATION

Losee Metamorphic Suite

Leucocratic rocks

Layered charnockitic rocks

Massive charnockitic rocks

Figure 7. AFM plot of leucocratic rocks, layered charnockitic

rocks, and massive charnockitic

rocks of the Losee Metamorphic

Suite in the New Jersey Highlands.

Line shows boundary between

tholeiitic (T) and calc-alkaline

(CA) rocks from Irvine and

Baragar (1971). ALK=K2O+Na2O

in weight percent. FeOTotal indicates that all Fe is reported as FeO.

Geochemical data for the samples

plotted are from tables 1–3 and

Drake (1984).

FeO

EXPLANATION

Losee Metamorphic Suite

Leucocratic rocks

Layered charnockitic rocks

Massive charnockitic rocks

Total

ALK MgO

T

CA
C8 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

range of elements in the layered charnockites. Hornblende

from hypersthene diorite (not in table 3) mapped in the

Gladstone quadrangle (Houghton and Volkert, 1990) contains the following (in weight percent): SiO2 38.61, TiO2

4.41, Al2O3 14.61, FeOTotal 12.31, MgO 12.60, CaO 9.66,

Na2O 2.63, and K2O 1.92; it has the composition of basaltic

hornblende. 

When researchers (for example, Jakes and White,

1972; Bailey, 1981) use a variety of tectonic discrimination

methods based on immobile elements, charnockitic

andesites are consistently found to be orogenic andesites

and to have an affinity with rocks from continental margin

arcs (fig. 8). This affinity is especially supported by their

Al2O3, K2O, P2O5, and Cr contents, which are higher than

those of island arc andesites, and their FeOTotal, TiO2, Y, and

Zr contents, which are lower. Rocks of rhyodacitic to

rhyolitic composition are commonly associated with basalt,

andesite, and dacite in orogenic settings. Rocks of rhyolitic

composition (table 2, nos. 279, 345, 96, and 337) have now

been recognized in association with the Losee and the

layered charnockitic rocks. 

The origin of charnockitic rocks in New Jersey has

been controversial. Drake (1984), Volkert and Drake (1990),

and Volkert (1993) have interpreted (1) the layered rocks to

be a sequence of metavolcanic rocks including associated

basalt and (2) the massive rocks mapped as diorite to be plutonic rocks. Both the layered and massive rocks have a distinct calc-alkaline chemistry readily seen on AFM (fig. 7)

and alkali-lime versus SiO2 (fig. 9) diagrams. Together with

dacitic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic rocks, they have an

alkali-lime index of about 60 (fig. 9). Layered and massive

charnockites fall along the same trend on figures 7 through

9. Volkert (1993) interpreted this sharing of a trend to

strongly suggest a petrogenetic relationship between these

rock types. Note that the compositions of massive and layered charnockites and the leucocratic Losee rocks overlap

TiO , IN WEIGHT PERCENT 2

FeO/MgO

Figure 8. FeO/MgO versus TiO2

plot (modified from Kay and others,

1984) of leucocratic rocks, layered

charnockitic rocks, and massive charnockitic rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite in the New Jersey

Highlands. Symbols as in figures 7

and 10. MORB, midocean ridge

basalt. Geochemical data for the samples plotted are in tables 1–3.
SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS C9

on figure 7. All of these rock types follow the same strong

calc-alkaline trend from slight Fe enrichment in hypersthene diorite to Fe depletion in the layered charnockites

and the other Losee rocks. A similar relationship is seen on

a CaO-Al2O3-(FeOTotal+MgO) diagram (fig. 10), with both

charnockitic rock types and leucocratic Losee rocks defining a single, continuous trend. 

Because of the intimate field relationship between the

leucocratic Losee rocks and charnockitic rocks, especially

in the Newfoundland and Wanaque quadrangles, and also

the similarities in the chemistry of both charnockitic rock

types, Volkert (1993) interpreted them to have formed in the

same continental margin arc that generated the dacite,

tonalite, and trondhjemite of the Losee. Partial melting of a

basaltic source at lower crustal depths would produce

magma having the composition of the hypersthene diorite.

Whether the more leucocratic Losee rocks fractionated from

this dioritic magma or whether they and the charnockitic

rocks are descendents of separate magmas produced by different amounts of partial melting of a parental basalt is difficult to say without isotopic data and further work involving

rare-earth-element and selected trace-element geochemistry.

At this time, we favor an interpretation involving fractionation of a single parent diorite to produce charnockitic

andesite, charnockitic dacite, and the Losee dacite, tonalite,

and trondhjemite. This interpretation is particularly supported by the relationships seen in figures 7 and 10, as well

as the systematic decrease in Al2O3, FeO, MgO, and CaO

with increasing SiO2 for both types of charnockitic rocks

and the leucocratic Losee rocks. Further support comes

from the fact that leucocratic Losee rocks typically contain

less Zr, Ba, and Cr than layered charnockitic rocks. Because

these elements also decrease in abundance during fractionation, their lower abundance in leucocratic rocks is consistent with the above interpretation. Therefore, charnockitic

rocks and leucocratic rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite

would be comagmatic. On the basis of field relationships

and the geochemical data, we interpret the charnockitic

rocks to be cogenetic with dacitic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic rocks and herein include them all within the Losee

Metamorphic Suite that is composed of both calc-alkaline

plutonic and metavolcanic rocks. 

SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS

Unconformably overlying rocks of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite in the New Jersey Highlands is a thick

Leucocratic rocks

Layered charnockitic rocks

Massive charnockitic rocks

2

EXPLANATION

Na O+K O CaO Losee Metamorphic Suite 2

SiO , IN WEIGHT PERCENT 2

CaO, IN WEIGHT PERCENT

Na O+K O, IN WEIGHT PERCENT 2 2

Figure 9. Alkali-lime versus SiO2 plot of leucocratic rocks, layered charnockitic rocks, and massive charnockitic rocks of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite in the New Jersey Highlands. Note the well-defined trends and their intersection in the calc-alkalic field. Geochemical

data for the samples plotted are in tables 1–3.
C10 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

sequence of layered metasedimentary rocks that are

quartzofeldspathic gneiss, metaquartzite, calc-silicate

gneiss, and marble. Metasedimentary rocks are widespread

and abundant in the Highlands both east and west of the

Green Pond Mountain region.

QUARTZOFELDSPATHIC GNEISS

Gneiss and granofels having a quartzofeldspathic composition encompass a wide range of rock types that are

mapped as potassium-feldspar gneiss (Yk), microcline

gneiss (Ym), monazite gneiss (Ymg), biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Yb), and hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss

(Ymh). Collectively, these rock types underlie approximately 10 to 15 percent of the New Jersey Highlands. Their

spatial distribution is shown in figure 11. 

 POTASSIUM-FELDSPAR GNEISS

Potassium-feldspar gneiss (Yk) has been mapped in

virtually every quadrangle in the New Jersey Highlands, but

it appears to be most abundant in the southwest half of the

Highlands. It is a light-pinkish-white or buff, medium- to

medium-coarse-grained, moderately foliated gneiss and

lesser granofels containing quartz, microcline, oligoclase

and local accessory biotite, garnet, sillimanite, and magnetite. Potassium feldspar predominates over plagioclase. 

Potassium-feldspar gneiss characteristically contains

>70 weight percent SiO2 and >3.5 weight percent K2O

(table 4). The iron content is variable but typically is low, as

are contents of CaO and MgO. Samples analyzed by Drake

(1984) from the southwestern Highlands contain slightly

less CaO and Na2O, but otherwise the chemistry of this unit

is reasonably uniform throughout the Highlands. On a diagram of molar Si/(Si+Al) versus molar (Na+Ca)/(Na+Ca+

K) (fig. 12), potassium-feldspar gneiss spans the fields of

arkose, lithic arenite, and graywacke. The overall chemistry

of potassium-feldspar gneiss is very close to that of rhyolite.

However, several things argue against a metavolcanic protolith for this unit. These include the presence of interlayered quartzite with which potassium-feldspar gneiss locally

has gradational contacts, lithologic association with calc-silicate rocks of known sedimentary parentage, highly variable

trace-element contents (especially Zr and Nb), and the lack

of correlation between Niggli Mg and Cr, which Van De

Kamp and others (1976) considered diagnostic of sedimentary rock. Therefore, an arkosic sandstone is the most likely

protolith for potassium-feldspar gneiss.

MICROCLINE GNEISS

Microcline gneiss (Ym), as first recognized by New

Jersey Zinc Company geologists (Hague and others, 1956),

occurs sporadically throughout the northern New Jersey

Highlands but is most abundant in the Unionville, Hamburg,

Newton East, Stanhope, and Tranquility quadrangles. It is a

pinkish-white, fine- to medium-grained, well-layered and

foliated gneiss composed of quartz, microcline, and

EXPLANATION

Losee Metamorphic Suite

Leucocratic rocks

Layered charnockitic rocks

Massive charnockitic rocks

Figure 10. CaO-Al2O3-(FeOTotal+

MgO) plot of leucocratic rocks,

layered charnockitic rocks, and

massive charnockitic rocks of the

Losee Metamorphic Suite in the New

Jersey Highlands. Note the single

trend defined by all three rock types.

FeOTotal indicates that all Fe is

reported as FeO. Geochemical data for

the samples plotted are in tables 1–3.
SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS C11

oligoclase. Common accessory minerals are biotite, garnet,

sillimanite, and magnetite. Potassium feldspar predominates

over plagioclase. 

Microcline gneiss (table 5) is characterized by SiO2

contents similar to those of potassium-feldspar gneiss

(table 4) but contains more K2O and slightly less CaO.

Other major- and trace-element abundances are similar to

those in potassium-feldspar gneiss. In figure 12, microcline

gneiss has a more restricted range than potassium-feldspar

gneiss and falls almost completely within the arkose field.

On the basis of field relationships, Volkert (1993) speculated

that microcline gneiss and potassium-feldspar gneiss may

be sedimentary facies equivalents that differ mainly in

texture. Despite the gross similarity between these two rock

types, they are mapped as separate units because of the

well-layered texture of microcline gneiss, its predominant

occurrence in a linear belt in the northwestern New Jersey

Highlands, and the somewhat broader range of compositions represented by potassium-feldspar gneiss (fig. 12).

The protolith of microcline gneiss is interpreted to be an

arkosic sandstone rather than rhyolite for the same reasons

outlined above for potassium-feldspar gneiss. 

MONAZITE GNEISS

Quartzofeldspathic gneiss containing abundant monazite, as first recognized by Markewicz (ca. 1965), is unique

and very restricted in occurrence. Monazite gneiss (Ymg) is

confined to two exposures. The larger is a single, poorly

exposed layer approximately 500 ft thick that was mapped

Figure 11. Distribution of rocks of quartzofeldspathic composition in the New Jersey Highlands. Modified from Drake and others

(1996).
C12 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

in the Chester quadrangle (Volkert and others, 1990) and the

Hackettstown quadrangle (Volkert and others, 1995), largely

on the basis of float and the strong signature of this unit on

aeroradiometric maps. A small body of monazite gneiss of

indeterminate thickness was also mapped in the Bernardsville quadrangle (Volkert, unpub. data). 

Monazite gneiss is a light-greenish-gray to greenish-buff, medium-grained, massive, moderately foliated

rock composed of microperthite, quartz, oligoclase, biotite,

and monazite. Accessory minerals include hornblende and

magnetite. Monazite occurs as small, reddish-brown, resinous grains that constitute <1 modal percent in most specimens; some rocks contain as much as 15 percent monazite.

In the Chester, Hackettstown, and Bernardsville quadrangles, monazite gneiss is in conformable contact with

rocks of known metasedimentary parentage. Chemical compositions of samples from the Chester and Bernardsville

quadrangles are very similar (table 4, nos. C81 and 19) and

confirm that these rocks can be placed in the same map unit.

Both samples have chemical compositions overlapping that

of potassium-feldspar gneiss. In addition, the monazite

gneiss has a mineralogy similar to that of potassium-feldspar gneiss. Therefore, monazite gneiss is similarly interpreted to be a metasedimentary rock. In figure 12, both

samples of monazite gneiss fall in the field of arkose. The

monazite in this unit may be detrital and was interpreted by

Volkert (1993) to represent a small fluvial placer of material

eroded from an uplifted continental source that, at least

locally, was monazite bearing.

BIOTITE-QUARTZ-FELDSPAR GNEISS

Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Yb) occurs throughout

the New Jersey Highlands and is equally abundant east and

Figure 12. Si/(Si+Al) versus (Na+Ca)/(Na+Ca+K) (mole percent) plot (Garrels and McKenzie, 1971) for metasedimentary rock types in

the New Jersey Highlands. Major-oxide concentrations of the samples plotted are in tables 4–8, 11, and 13.
SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS C13

west of the Green Pond Mountain region. This unit is variable in texture and composition. It typically weathers pinkish gray, locally weathers rusty, and is a medium- to

coarse-grained, moderately layered and foliated rock. The

rusty coloration is distinctive where sulfides are abundant.

Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss is composed principally of

quartz, oligoclase, microcline, and biotite. Feldspar proportions are variable, but plagioclase typically predominates

over potassium-feldspar. Garnet, sillimanite, and magnetite

are common accessory minerals, but graphite is confined to

rocks that contain sulfide minerals and weather rusty. Volkert (unpub. data) has mapped locally hornblende-bearing

phases of this unit in the Newfoundland, Ramsey, and

Blairstown quadrangles. Amphibolite layers are present in

both the rusty-weathering and pinkish-gray-weathering

phases of this unit but are much more common in the

former. Interlayered, locally graphitic metaquartzite layers

generally <5 feet thick have been mapped within the rustyweathering phase in the Pompton Plains, Morristown,

Mendham, High Bridge, and Hackettstown quadrangles

(Volkert, unpub. data). Thin, conformably interlayered, graphitic diopsidite (with or without scapolite-bearing gneiss

layers) has been observed within this unit in the Pompton

Plains and High Bridge quadrangles. In the 19th and early

20th centuries, biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss was locally

exploited for graphite from a number of small mines mainly

in the south-central New Jersey Highlands. 

The biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss is characterized by

variable SiO2 contents that range from 53 to 88 weight percent and by equally variable Al2O3 contents that range from

about 5 to 23 weight percent (table 6). This chemical variability is directly related to the variable quartz content and

the amount of garnet and sillimanite in the samples analyzed. Generally, the less siliceous parts of this unit are

lithologically associated with quartz-poor calc-silicate rocks

and marble. This unit contains higher Fe2O3, FeO, and

Na2O concentrations and lower K2O concentrations than

potassium-feldspar gneiss or microcline gneiss. There is

very little difference overall in the major-oxide compositions of the pinkish-gray- and rusty-weathering phases of

this unit (table 6). In figure 12, biotite-quartz-feldspar

gneiss falls mainly in the field of graywacke and, to a lesser

extent, lithic arenite. Two samples fall close to, or within,

the field of pelitic rocks (mudrocks). This field is consistent

with the low SiO2 and high Al2O3 contents of those rocks.

One falls in the field of carbonate rocks and probably represents metamorphosed calcareous shale. The scatter seen in

figure 12 clearly reflects the heterogeneous composition of

the sedimentary protoliths that became this unit. 

HORNBLENDE-QUARTZ-FELDSPAR GNEISS

Hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Ymh) is best

exposed in the Wawayanda and Ramsey quadrangles where

thick layers are in conformable contact with calcareous

metasedimentary rocks. This unit is pinkish gray, medium

grained, and moderately layered and foliated; it is composed

of quartz, microcline, lesser oligoclase, and hornblende.

Biotite, garnet, and magnetite are minor accessories; titanite

is rare.

The few geochemical analyses available for hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss (table 7) suggest that it is

characterized by an intermediate SiO2 content and high

Al2O3 and FeO contents. Most of the major-oxide contents

overlap those in potassium-feldspar gneiss and biotitequartz-feldspar gneiss, suggesting that this unit is likely a

metamorphosed sedimentary rock also. The layered texture

and lithologic associations of hornblende-quartz-feldspar

gneiss also support this interpretation. The few analyzed

samples of this unit fall in the fields of arkose and

graywacke in figure 12.

METAQUARTZITE

Metaquartzite (Yq) occurs as thin lenses and layers

scattered throughout the New Jersey Highlands but is most

abundant in the Wanaque quadrangle. It is sparsely exposed,

underlying <1 percent of the Highlands, but is a lithologically significant unit that provides an excellent stratigraphic

and structural marker. Metaquartzite is typically a lightgray, vitreous, medium-grained, massive to well-layered

rock. Thin layers of metaquartzite are associated with potassium-feldspar gneiss, biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss, pyroxene gneiss, epidote gneiss, and marble. The most common

and volumetrically important occurrences of metaquartzite

are in association with potassium-feldspar gneiss and

biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Metaquartzite associated

with biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss occasionally contains up

to 40 modal percent graphite and hosts many of the graphite

deposits in the Highlands. Minor amounts of biotite, scapolite, and clinopyroxene have also been observed in metaquartzite. Metaquartzite associated with potassium-feldspar

gneiss typically contains locally abundant garnet. In the

Blairstown and Belvidere quadrangles, metaquartzite

associated with potassium-feldspar gneiss contains magnetite- and tourmaline-bearing layers (Volkert, unpub. data).

The tourmaline is black and probably is Fe-rich schorl.

There is little question that the bulk of the metaquartzite represents metamorphosed pure and impure quartzose

sandstone. Some of the metaquartzite that is associated with

calc-silicate gneiss and marble as pods, lenses, and thin layers may be metamorphosed chert.

CALC-SILICATE GNEISS 

Rocks having a calc-silicate affinity encompass a wide

range of rock types that were mapped as clinopyroxenequartz-feldspar gneiss (Ymp), pyroxene gneiss (Yp), pyroxene-epidote gneiss (Ype), and quartz-epidote gneiss (Ye).
C14 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Other phases of calc-silicate rock, such as epidote-scapolite-quartz gneiss, diopsidite, and hornblende-pyroxene

skarn, were recognized but are not extensive enough to be

mapped separately. They are minor variants of the calc-silicate units shown on the new State geologic map (Drake and

others, 1996). Collectively, calc-silicate rocks underlie

approximately 7 to 10 percent of the New Jersey Highlands.

Their spatial distribution is shown in figure 13.

 CLINOPYROXENE-QUARTZ-FELDSPAR GNEISS

Clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Ymp) occurs

throughout the New Jersey Highlands but is most abundant

in the Wawayanda, Wanaque, Dover, Stanhope, and Chester

quadrangles. At least some of the rock in the southwestern

Highlands mapped as potassium-feldspar gneiss by earlier

workers actually is clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss.

This unit is important as it represents a transitional lithology

that bridges the gap between the quartzofeldspathic and

calc-silicate gneisses. It could easily be grouped with the

former, but, because of its lithologic associations, it is more

appropriately included with the calc-silicate gneisses.

Clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss is a pinkish-gray,

medium-grained, moderately layered and foliated rock containing quartz, microcline, oligoclase, and clinopyroxene.

Local accessories include titanite, biotite, epidote, and

opaque minerals. Amphibolite or pyroxene amphibolite is

commonly layered with this unit. Clinopyroxene-quartzfeldspar gneiss is spatially associated with a quartz-rich

phase of pyroxene gneiss (Yp) in many places, and the two

units may have a sedimentary facies relationship. 

Clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss typically contains 60 to 75 weight percent SiO2, 10 to 14 weight percent

Al2O3, 1 to 6 weight percent CaO, and appreciable Na2O

and K2O (table 8). This gneiss is slightly higher in CaO than

hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss (table 7), but their majorFigure 13. Distribution of rocks of calc-silicate composition in the New Jersey Highlands. Modified from Drake and others (1996).
SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS 

oxide contents are otherwise similar. In figure 12, clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss spans the fields of

arkose, lithic arenite, and graywacke, reflecting variability

in the sedimentary protoliths. 

DIOPSIDITE

Occurring very locally within clinopyroxene-quartzfeldspar gneiss and pyroxene gneiss are thin, conformable

lenses or layers of light- to medium-green, medium-grained,

nearly monomineralic rock composed of clinopyroxene

(diopside) and referred to here as diopsidite (fig. 14). These

lenses or layers do not exceed a few feet in thickness and are

discontinuous over a distance of several tens of feet. For this

reason, they were not mapped separately on the new State

geologic map (Drake and others, 1996). Volkert (unpub.

data) has locally identified these unusual rocks within

clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss in the Stanhope and

Wanaque quadrangles, within pyroxene gneiss in the Tranquility quadrangle, and within rusty biotite-quartz-feldspar

gneiss in the Pompton Plains quadrangle. Kastelic (1979)

observed a similar diopsidite rock within pyroxene gneiss

near the Washington mine in the Washington quadrangle.

Sample GL-N (table 9) represents a transitional rock type

between nearly monomineralic diopsidite and quartz-poor

pyroxene gneiss. It is discussed here and included with

pyroxene gneiss for that reason. Chemical analyses of

diopsidite (table 9) typically have low SiO2 contents and

high MgO and CaO contents. All other major-oxide contents are low, including Al2O3. These rocks are likely

metamorphosed lenses and layers of cherty dolomite.

PYROXENE GNEISS

Pyroxene gneiss (Yp) occurs throughout the N

Jersey Highlands but is most abundant west of the G

Pond Mountain region in the Wawayanda, Newfoundl

Franklin, and Hackettstown quadrangles. It is a white

tan-weathering, greenish-gray, medium-grained, w

layered rock composed of oligoclase, clinopyroxene, 

variable amounts of quartz. Clinopyroxene is ligh

medium green and has a composition between diopside 

salite. Microprobe analyses of plagioclase and cl

pyroxenes from a sample of quartz-poor pyroxene gn

from the Gladstone quadrangle are given in table 10 (sam

242, table 11). Titanite and magnetite occur in pyrox

gneiss as accessory minerals. Some variants of this uni

quartz poor and some are quartz rich. Despite this v

ability, both types were shown together on the new S

geologic map (Drake and others, 1996). In the N

foundland and Wawayanda quadrangles, some ph

contain local accessory biotite and (or) hornble

Graphite has been observed as an accessory in some bio

bearing phases. Amphibolite or pyroxene amphibolit

commonly interlayered with all phases of pyroxene gn

Throughout the Highlands, pyroxene gneiss and bio

quartz-feldspar gneiss are in conformable contact and 

closely associated. Whereas the latter sometimes oc

alone, few exposures of pyroxene gneiss lack at least m

amounts of biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. 

Pyroxene gneiss is more variable in chemistry (t

11) than in mineralogy. Pyroxene gneiss is geochemic

divisible into SiO2-poor and SiO2-rich types (table 12). 

SiO2-poor group (type A) is characterized by <60 we

Figure 14. Thin diopsidite 

(center of photograph) within 

nopyroxene-quartz-feldspar g

from the Stanhope quadra

New Jersey. Hammer for sca

11 in. long.
C16 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

percent SiO2, low Al2O3, and an enrichment in FeO, MgO,

and CaO relative to the SiO2-rich group. The sums of

Fe2O3Total+MgO are >10, and the ratios of Al2O3/(CaO+

Na2O) are <0.75 (fig. 15). The SiO2-rich group (type B)

contains >65 weight percent SiO2. It is further divisible into

two subgroups having intermediate CaO contents (type B1)

and low CaO contents (type B2). Type B1 pyroxene gneiss is

characterized by Fe2O3Total+MgO sums between 4 and 6 and

Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O) ratios between 1 and 2 (fig. 15). Type

B2 pyroxene gneiss has Fe2O3Total+MgO sums between 1

and 4 and Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O) ratios >2 (fig. 15). The significance of the various geochemical variants of pyroxene

gneiss is discussed below in relation to inferred depositional

environments. In figure 12, practically all pyroxene gneiss

falls within the graywacke field. This plot is not surprising

given the typically high Na2O content and the ubiquitous

association and interlayered nature of biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss and pyroxene gneiss, the latter being a more calcareous facies. 

EPIDOTE-BEARING GNEISS

Epidote-bearing gneisses occur only west of the Green

Pond Mountain region and are most abundant in the Franklin, Tranquility, and Washington quadrangles. Two main

types are recognized, pyroxene-epidote gneiss (Ype) and

quartz-epidote gneiss (Ye), although local mineralogical

variants of these two types do exist. Pyroxene-epidote

gneiss is a light-greenish-gray, fine- to medium-grained,

well-layered rock composed principally of quartz, oligoclase, microcline, clinopyroxene, epidote, and sparse titanite. Pyroxene-epidote gneiss in the Tranquility quadrangle is

locally migmatized, containing quartz and feldspar veins

and layers. The chemistry of pyroxene-epidote gneiss (table

13) overlaps that of pyroxene gneiss (table 11) in most elements, but pyroxene-epidote gneiss has more SiO2 and K2O

and less MgO and Na2O. Pyroxene-epidote gneiss is interpreted to be related to pyroxene gneiss with which it is spatially associated. 

Figure 15. Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O) versus Fe2O3Total+MgO plot (Bhatia,

1983) for metasedimentary rocks in the

New Jersey Highlands. Solid lines

define fields for types A, B1, and B2 of

pyroxene gneiss (Yp). Note the close

similarity of some pyroxene-epidote

gneiss (Ype, solid diamonds) and

quartz-epidote gneiss (Ye, hollow diamond) to pyroxene gneiss. Fe2O3Total

indicates that all Fe is reported as

Fe2O3.
SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS C17

With a decrease in epidote and potassium feldspar,

pyroxene-epidote gneiss grades into quartz-rich pyroxene

gneiss. This gradation was noted in the Washington and

Hamburg quadrangles. Therefore, the two rock types may

have a facies relation, with pyroxene-epidote gneiss

containing a higher volcaniclastic component. Pyroxeneepidote gneiss falls exclusively in the graywacke field in

figure 12. 

Quartz-epidote gneiss is a similar rock that is typically

poorly exposed and very thin. Therefore, it is difficult to

map separately. It is not as well layered as pyroxene-epidote

gneiss. Quartz-epidote gneiss consists dominantly of quartz,

oligoclase, and epidote. Clinopyroxene, titanite, and scapolite are minor accessory minerals. Quartz-epidote gneiss is

related to quartz- rich pyroxene gneiss, with which it is spatially associated. The composition of quartz-epidote gneiss

(table 13, sample 417E) overlaps that of pyroxene-epidote

gneiss except for a slightly higher Na2O content and much

lower K2O, Ba, and Rb contents in the former. 

The protoliths of most calc-silicate gneiss represent

some gradation between (1) metamorphosed calcareous,

locally volcaniclastic sandstone and shale and (2) quartzose

and argillaceous carbonate rocks, the latter being less

abundant.

MARBLE

The name Franklin White Limestone was introduced

by Wolff and Brooks (1898) for the marble in the Franklin

belt in Sussex County. Because all marble in the New Jersey

Highlands was correlated with that at the type locality in

Franklin, this is the name shown on the old State geologic

map (Lewis and Kümmel, 1912). The name has since been

changed to Franklin Marble (Yf) by Drake and others

(1991a).

Although widespread, marble underlies only approximately 5 percent of the New Jersey Highlands (fig. 16). It is

best exposed west of the Green Pond Mountain region. It is

especially abundant in the Wawayanda, Hamburg, Franklin,

Blairstown, and Belvidere quadrangles. Most marble is a

white to light-gray, medium- to coarsely crystalline,

massive to moderately layered, calcitic to locally dolomitic

rock. Principal accessory minerals in the Franklin area are

graphite, phlogopite, chondrodite, and clinopyroxene.

Marble in the Franklin-Ogdensburg area is host to the

renowned zinc ore bodies and has been extensively studied

by New Jersey Zinc Company geologists (for example,

Hague and others, 1956; Metsger and others, 1958).

Other pods, lenses, and layers of marble in the Highlands east of the Green Pond Mountain region are well layered, contain characteristic serpentine minerals, and are

associated with talc- and tremolite-bearing rocks. Most of

these small bodies were locally quarried for serpentine and

(or) crushed lime. They occur in the Wanaque, Pompton

Plains, Mendham, and Belvidere quadrangles. Similar

occurrences in the Easton quadrangle were commercially

exploited for talc and serpentine minerals (Peck, 1904).

Some marble in the Wanaque quadrangle is layered with

metaquartzite that was locally mined for graphite. All of

these bodies of marble are spatially associated with the

same rocks as marble in the Franklin area. Therefore, at this

time, all marble is chronocorrelated with the Franklin,

although it is recognized that not all marble in the Highlands occurs at the same stratigraphic level. In the northern

Highlands, New Jersey Zinc Company geologists (Hague

and others, 1956) separated marble into the lower Franklin

band approximately 1,100 to 1,500 feet thick and the upper

Wildcat band approximately 300 feet thick. These marble

bands are separated by a heterogeneous sequence of

metasedimentary rocks ranging in thickness from 500 to

1,900 feet. 

All workers in the Highlands agree that the marble is

metamorphosed limestone and lesser dolomitic limestone

that contains pods, lenses, and layers of calcareous and

quartzose metasedimentary rocks, amphibolite from an

unknown protolith, and metaquartzite. 

Some constraint on a minimum age for the Franklin

Marble is provided by an age obtained from galena in a marble “dike” from a gneiss fragment. This fragment was collected in the core of the ore body at the Sterling Hill zinc

mine in Ogdensburg. According to Metsger (1977), the

galena, unquestionably younger than the enclosing gneiss or

marble, yielded a 207Pb/206Pb age of 1,100 Ma. 

STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS AND TECTONIC 

SETTING

Interpreting the stratigraphic relationships among the

Middle Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the New Jersey Highlands is a vexing problem. Three factors hinder

interpretation: (1) the obliteration of primary sedimentary

features and the masking of the original sedimentary parentage during Grenvillian high-grade metamorphism, (2) the

obscuring of stratigraphic relations by large volumes of

intrusive rock, and (3) the lack of geochronologic data to

constrain the overall sequence. Bounding ages for the metasedimentary sequence are provided by rocks dated elsewhere that are analogous to the Losee Metamorphic Suite

and, as discussed in the next section, the younger Byram

and Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suites. However, the relative

ages of the metasedimentary rocks are unknown. Past and

present sedimentary basinal analogs may instead be used for

comparison. In the previous section, detailed geochemistry

was used to identify reasonable protoliths. These allow the

development of an appropriate, if speculative, sedimentary

framework. 

The Losee Metamorphic Suite rocks, including the

charnockitic rocks, are assumed to be basement to the other
C18 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Middle Proterozoic rocks; therefore, the unconformably

overlying quartzite and associated potassium-feldspar

gneiss in the Wanaque quadrangle may be among the oldest,

if not the oldest, metasedimentary rocks in the Highlands.

The arkosic rocks, which include potassium-feldspar gneiss,

microcline gneiss, and possibly monazite gneiss (fig. 12),

likely collected in a block-faulted or downwarped basin

within a craton in an extensional tectonic setting. This depositional setting is supported by the tectonic discrimination

diagrams of Blatt and others (1972) (fig. 17) and Roser and

Korsch (1986) (fig. 18). 

Sediments that formed the arkosic rocks were derived

largely from granitic or rhyolitic sources. A potassic source

is a problem because the underlying basement rocks are

interpreted to have been dominantly calc-alkaline and

plagioclase rich. As stated above, rhyolite is commonly

associated with basalt and dacite in orogenic settings.

Erosion of a rhyolitic source cogenetic with rocks of the

Losee Metamorphic Suite could have provided detritus of

the appropriate composition for an arkose and would

explain the apparent paucity of rhyolites in the Highlands at

the present level of erosion. In our basinal interpretation,

continued erosion of the craton altered the character of the

sediment deposited to that of lithic arenite, reflecting

deposition of different source material in a fluvial to

shallow-marine environment. Unfortunately, the stratigraphy above the aforementioned unconformity is unknown, as the metaquartzite and potassium-feldspar gneiss

are surrounded by rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite as

well as the Byram Intrusive Suite. Elsewhere in the New

Figure 16. Distribution of marble in the New Jersey Highlands. Modified from Drake and others (1996).
SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS C19

Jersey Highlands outside the Wanaque quadrangle, the

stratigraphic order of the fluvial and shallow-marine

sequence appears to be potassium-feldspar gneiss, followed

by biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss (with or without intervening hornblende-quartz-feldspar and (or) clinopyroxenequartz-feldspar gneiss), pyroxene gneiss, and marble (with

or without intervening pyroxene-epidote gneiss). 

The overall stratigraphy of the marine sequence is

ambiguous, but reconstruction of partial successions based

on field relationships from different parts of the Highlands

supports a stratigraphic order of metaquartzite, followed by

pyroxene gneiss, marble, other calc-silicate rocks, biotitequartz-feldspar gneiss, and more pyroxene gneiss. Thus, the

marine depositional sequence was quartzite, calc-silicate

protoliths, limestone, and graywacke of quartzofeldspathic

and calc-silicate composition (figs. 17 and 18). The

lithofacies in this stratigraphy are not present in the western

Highlands. There, marble locally directly overlies arkosic

quartzofeldspathic gneiss that was mapped as microcline

gneiss with no intervening calc-silicate rocks. 

The depositional environment of pyroxene gneiss is

reasonably constrained by the geochemical data (tables 11

and 12). The SiO2-poor group (type A) has the composition

of volcanic graywacke, suggesting that sediments came

from an oceanic island arc. This interpretation is further

supported by the tectonic discriminants of Bhatia (1983),

especially Fe2O3Total, MgO, and Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O) (fig.

15), and also those of Roser and Korsch (1986) (fig. 18).

According to the same discriminants, the type B1 SiO2-rich

subgroup has characteristics that are transitional between

sedimentation in an oceanic island arc setting and sedimentation in an active continental margin setting, whereas the

type B2 SiO2-rich subgroup reflects sedimentation in an

active continental margin setting (fig. 15). Taken together,

the compositions of all three types of pyroxene gneiss show

a clear transition from source rocks that were calc-alkaline

to tholeiitic and derived from an oceanic magmatic arc to

more siliceous source rocks closer in composition to granite

and derived from a continental crustal source. 

Except for two samples, pyroxene-epidote gneiss plots

within or are very close to the fields of type A, type B1, and

type B2 pyroxene gneiss (fig. 15), suggesting a likely facies

relationship between these two rock types. The transition in

compositions of the pyroxene gneiss types indicates that

sedimentation probably did not occur in separate basin

settings. The difference is mainly one of varying source

material that was shed into one basin. Field relationships

and geochemical data support a sequence of sedimentation

that progressed from SiO2-rich to SiO2-poor rocks. 

We interpret the SiO2-rich pyroxene gneiss of continental affinity (type B2) to have been deposited in the same

extensional tectonic setting as quartzite, marble, and some

of the quartzofeldspathic gneisses, whereas the SiO2-poor

pyroxene gneiss (type A) reflects a transition to a later convergent boundary tectonic setting and the concomitant

development of an oceanic island arc. This interpretation is

consistent with (1) the progression of type B1 and type B2

pyroxene gneiss west of the Green Pond Mountain region,

where they are associated with predominantly metasedimentary rocks, and with (2) the lithologic associations of

Figure 17. Na2O-(Fe2O3Total+

MgO)-K2O diagram (Blatt and

others, 1972) showing chemical

composition of New Jersey Highlands metasedimentary rocks in

relation to tectonic setting.

Potassium-feldspar gneiss

Microcline gneiss

Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss

Hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss

Clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss

Pyroxene gneiss

Pyroxene-epidote gneiss

Quartz-epidote gneiss

Monazite gneiss

EXPLANATION
C20 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

type A pyroxene gneiss east of the Green Pond Mountain

region, which are predominantly graywacke (biotitequartz-feldspar gneiss) and basalt (amphibolite). 

The occurrence of carbonaceous, sulfidic phases within

biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss and some calc-silicate gneiss

indicates that locally stagnant and reducing conditions

existed in this marine basin. These rocks represent organicmatter-rich sands and lesser muds that grade into noncarbonaceous and nonsulfidic phases of the same units. The

euxinic sediments may have resulted from an oceanward

structural high that obstructed circulation and created a less

oxygenated environment. 

 INTRUSIVE ROCKS

Two suites of synorogenic granite (Byram and Lake

Hopatcong Intrusive Suites) and one of postorogenic granite

(Mount Eve Granite) intrude the Losee Metamorphic Suite

(including its charnockitic rocks) and the overlying

metasedimentary rocks. The spatial distribution of intrusive

rocks, which underlie approximately 55 percent of the New

Jersey Highlands, is shown in figure 19. The synorogenic

granites were initially named the Byram Gneiss by Spencer

and others (1908) for exposures at Byram Township in Sussex County and included all granite and gneiss having a

potassic composition. Subsequent workers (for example,

Hotz, 1953; Sims, 1958) abandoned the name Byram and

mapped granitic rocks according to their constituent mineralogy. All granite previously included in the Byram Gneiss

consists of hornblende granite (and related rocks) and clinopyroxene granite (and related rocks). Drake (1984)

renamed hornblende granite and related rocks the Byram

Intrusive Suite. Pyroxene granite and related rocks were

named the Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite by Drake and

Figure 18. Diagram of log K2O/Na2O versus SiO2 (Roser and Korsch, 1986) for New Jersey Highlands metasedimentary rocks. Symbols: Ym, microcline gneiss; Yk, potassium-feldspar gneiss; Ymh, hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss; Ymp, clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar

gneiss; Yb, biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss; Ype, pyroxene-epidote gneiss; Ye, quartz-epidote gneiss; and Yp, pyroxene gneiss, including

types A, B1, and B2.
INTRUSIVE ROCKS C21

Volkert (1991) for excellent exposures in the Lake Hopatcong area. 

For reasons that are detailed in the following discussion, we have interpreted rocks of the Byram and Lake

Hopatcong Intrusive Suites to be elements of the Vernon

Supersuite (Volkert and Drake, 1998). The Vernon was

named for the abundance and diversity of variants of both

suites from the Hamburg Mountains in the Hamburg

7.5-minute quadrangle within Vernon Township in Sussex

County. Geologic relations of the Vernon Supersuite in the

type area are shown in figure 20. Although the name Vernon

has already been applied to the Silurian Vernon Shale of

New York, these two units are not named for the same feature and there is a great enough disparity in age so that there

should be no confusion. 

The postorogenic Mount Eve Granite was recognized

and mapped by Hague and others (1956) and later was

formally named and discussed by Drake and others (1991a).

Throughout the following discussion of intrusive rocks, the

igneous rock classification scheme of Streckeisen (1976) is

used. 

VERNON SUPERSUITE

BYRAM INTRUSIVE SUITE

Rocks of the Byram Intrusive Suite are more or less

evenly distributed throughout the New Jersey Highlands but

are probably most abundant in the Greenwood Lake, Newfoundland, Dover, Mendham, Bernardsville, Gladstone,

Califon, Stanhope, Tranquility, and Washington quadrangles. The Byram is variable in texture and ranges from

gneissic granite to less distinctly foliated granite and

pegmatite.

Figure 19. Distribution of intrusive rocks of the Vernon Supersuite and the Mount Eve Granite in the New Jersey Highlands. Modified

from Drake and others (1996).
C22 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

The Byram consists dominantly of hornblende granite

(Ybh), biotite granite (Ybb), microperthite alaskite (Yba),

and hornblende syenite (Ybs); the hornblende syenite unit

also contains hornblende quartz syenite, which was not

mapped separately by Drake and others (1996). Other

variants have also been recognized. Although they are

volumetrically insignificant and are not normally mapped

separately, the variants are important for geologic

interpretation and merit mention here. Hornblende granite

in several areas, most notably the Blairstown quadrangle,

contains appreciable biotite in nearly equal proportion to

hornblende. Elsewhere, hornblende syenite contains

sufficient plagioclase to be termed hornblende monzonite or

hornblende quartz monzonite. The monzonitic rocks were

noted especially in the Tranquility quadrangle.

Byram rocks are characteristically pinkish gray and

medium to coarse grained. They contain hornblende (hastingsite) or biotite as their dominant mafic mineral. The alaskitic variant contains <5 percent mafic minerals by definition.

Quartz is present in varying amounts, and the feldspars are

mainly microperthite and oligoclase. Magnetite is ubiquitous in all phases of the Byram. Sparse amounts of local

accessory radioactive minerals are confined to the more differentiated parts of the Byram, namely granite, pegmatite,

Figure 20. Generalized geologic map of parts of the Hamburg (New Jersey) and Wawayanda (New Jersey-New York) 7.5-min quadrangles showing the distribution of rocks of the Byram and Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suites in the type area of the Vernon Supersuite. Compiled from R.A. Volkert’s unpublished data.
INTRUSIVE ROCKS C23

and alaskite. Most phases of the Byram contain small

enclaves of amphibolite. However, these are sparse or

absent in the biotite-bearing phases. 

Hornblende granite from the Greenwood Lake quadrangle has an U-Pb upper intercept age of 1,088±41 Ma

(Drake and others, 1991b). Six samples of hornblende granite from the northern and central Highlands yielded an RbSr whole-rock isochron age of 1,116±41 Ma (Volkert and

others, unpub. data).

LAKE HOPATCONG INTRUSIVE SUITE

Rocks of the Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite are found

throughout the New Jersey Highlands but are primarily west

of the Green Pond Mountain region. They are most abundant in the Wawayanda, Franklin, Dover, Stanhope, Hackettstown, and High Bridge quadrangles. These rocks are less

variable in texture than the Byram and consist mainly of

massive gneissic to less distinctly foliated rocks. Pegmatite

is present, usually as small, discrete bodies, but is more

sparse than the abundant pegmatite in the Byram Intrusive

Suite. 

Lake Hopatcong rocks consist dominantly of pyroxene

granite (Ypg), pyroxene syenite (Yps), and pyroxene alaskite (Ypa). Pyroxene granite contains three minor phases—

granodiorite, quartz monzodiorite, and monzonite—which

were not mapped separately on the new State geologic map

(Drake and others, 1996).

Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite rocks are characteristically greenish gray to greenish buff and medium to coarse

grained. They contain clinopyroxene (hedenbergite) as their

dominant mafic mineral. Quartz occurs in varying amounts.

The feldspars are mainly mesoperthite or microantiperthite

and minor amounts of free oligoclase. Magnetite and titanite

are ubiquitous accessory minerals. Amphibolite commonly

occurs as small enclaves associated with all variants of the

Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite.

Six samples of pyroxene granite from the northern and

central New Jersey Highlands yielded an Rb-Sr whole-rock

isochron age of 1,095±9 Ma (Volkert and others, unpub.

data).

SIMILARITY OF BYRAM AND LAKE HOPATCONG 

INTRUSIVE SUITES

The relationship between the Byram and Lake

Hopatcong Intrusive Suites poses another dilemma in

interpreting rock relations in the New Jersey Highlands.

Crosscutting relationships and chilled margins are absent

between rocks of these two suites, and all contacts appear to

be conformable. Where Byram and Lake Hopatcong rocks

are in contact, a hybrid border phase containing both

amphibole and clinopyroxene was locally observed. In

terms of their respective mineralogy, Byram and Lake

Hopatcong rocks define two distinct suites. Despite this

difference, it is now clear that striking similarities exist in

their chemistry. In order to characterize the overall

composition of these rocks and compare them with granites

from various tectonic settings, major- and trace-element

data were obtained from both suites throughout the

Highlands, the results of which were summarized by Volkert

(1995). 

Byram (table 14) and Lake Hopatcong (table 15) rocks

overlap in nearly all contents of major oxides and normative

mineralogy (fig. 21). However, Lake Hopatcong rocks contain slightly more Fe2O3 and Na2O and slightly less MgO,

CaO, and K2O. Trace-element concentrations also overlap,

although Ba, Rb, Sr, U, and Th tend to be slightly more

abundant in Byram rocks. Both suites are moderately

enriched in Y, Nb, and Zr. On the alumina/alkali index diagram of Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O) versus Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+

K2O) (fig. 22), all of the Lake Hopatcong and most of the

Byram samples are metaluminous. A few Byram samples

are marginally peraluminous. 

Byram and Lake Hopatcong rocks fall within the

A-type granite compositional field (fig. 23). As defined by

Collins and others (1982), White and Chappell (1983), and

Whalen and others (1987), A-type granite characteristically

has low contents of Al2O3, MgO, and CaO and high contents of SiO2, Na2O+K2O, Nb, Zr, Y, and light rare-earth

elements (REE’s). High Nb, Zr, Y, and REE contents are

diagnostic of A-type granite and help to distinguish it from

compositionally similar I-type granite. A-type magma also

typically contains fluorine (Collins and others, 1982;

Whalen and others, 1987). Sparse amounts of fluorite occur

in Byram rocks in the Hamburg, Pompton Plains, Wanaque,

and Franklin quadrangles. Hotz (1953) reported its occurrence in Byram rocks in the Sterling Lake, N.Y., area. 

The A-type granite geochemical signature was previously interpreted to mean that such rocks were post-tectonic

and anorogenic and had intruded in a within-plate, extensional tectonic setting. This interpretation is inconsistent

with the known geologic relations in the Highlands that suggest Byram and Lake Hopatcong rocks are synorogenic and

were emplaced during a compressional tectonic regime.

More recent work involving A-type granite (for example,

Whalen and others, 1987; Sylvester, 1989; and Whalen and

Currie, 1990) shows that it can be generated in a variety of

tectonic environments unrelated to anorogenic rifting. These

environments may include subduction zones. 

As stated, Byram and Lake Hopatcong rocks

consistently have few discernible differences on plots of

various major- and trace-element combinations. Their

chemical similarity leads inescapably to the question of

whether these rocks actually define two distinct and

separate intrusive suites. Recent geochemical work (Volkert,

1995) suggests that they do not and permits the following

simplified interpretation from Volkert (1993). Partial

melting of relatively anhydrous lower crustal source rocks
C24 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

of felsic composition generated magma that was mainly

alkaline (fig. 24) and metaluminous (fig. 22). Hypersolvus

Lake Hopatcong rocks were the first to crystallize from this

magma under what Young (1972) and Rhett (1975)

proposed were conditions of low water pressure and high

temperature. Young (1972) estimated that the temperature

was well in excess of 800°C at the time of intrusion,

whereas Rhett (1975) estimated the temperature to have

been closer to 770°C. The anhydrous conditions under

which the Lake Hopatcong rocks formed favored the

development of clinopyroxene and suppressed the formation

of pegmatites, which are sparse in Lake Hopatcong rocks.

As the melt became more hydrous in response to decreased

temperature and pressure, amphibole formed at the expense

Figure 21. Normative quartzorthoclase-albite plot of Vernon

Supersuite rocks and the Mount Eve

Granite in the New Jersey Highlands. Geochemical data for the

samples plotted are in tables 14–16.

Figure 22. Alumina/alkali index

diagram (Shand, 1949) showing

chemical classification of granitic

rocks in the New Jersey Highlands.

Symbols as in figure 21. Representative samples from tables 14–16 are

plotted; some samples are omitted

for clarity.
OTHER ROCKS C25

of clinopyroxene, and the mesoperthitic to microanti–

perthitic feldspars unmixed to form microperthite and free

plagioclase characteristic of subsolvus Byram rocks. The

principal differences between the Byram and Lake

Hopatcong rocks are in the mineralogy and the slightly

more evolved composition of the Byram. 

Following this scheme, Volkert (1993) interpreted the

Byram and Lake Hopatcong rocks to be cogenetic and

comagmatic. This interpretation is supported by the field

relationships, as well as the geochemical and geochronological data. Therefore, rocks of the Byram and Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suites are formally recognized as suites

within the Vernon Supersuite. 

MOUNT EVE GRANITE

Rocks mapped as Mount Eve Granite (Ygm) occur in

the extreme northern Highlands (fig. 19), where they straddle the New Jersey-New York border. In New Jersey they are

confined to the Pine Island, Unionville, Wawayanda, and

Hamburg quadrangles. The rocks are homogeneous, moderately to indistinctly foliated granite that are light gray to

pinkish gray and medium to coarse grained. The Mount Eve

contains biotite and subordinate hornblende as mafic minerals. Quartz is generally, but not everywhere, an important

constituent. The feldspars are microperthite and oligoclase.

Common accessory minerals include magnetite and allanite.

Alaskite and very local pegmatite are variants of the Mount

Eve Granite.

The Mount Eve is clearly a late synorogenic to postorogenic granite. Geologic mapping by the authors in the

Hamburg, Wawayanda, Unionville, and Pine Island quadrangles shows that the Mount Eve is discordant to lithologic

contacts in adjacent units, contains inclusions of local

metasedimentary rock, and has produced contact aureoles

where intrusive into the Franklin Marble. 

Limited chemical data pertaining to the Mount Eve

Granite (table 16) show ranges of major oxides that overlap

those of rocks in both the Byram and Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suites. As defined by the two samples in figure 22, the

Mount Eve is metaluminous to marginally peraluminous.

Mount Eve Granite from the Pine Island quadrangle

has a U-Pb upper intercept age of 1,020±4 Ma (Drake and

others, 1991a). Mount Eve pegmatite from the same location has a U-Pb upper intercept age of 1,004±3 Ma (P.B.

Moore, oral commun., 1993). 

OTHER ROCKS

 AMPHIBOLITES 

The name Pochuck Gneiss was introduced by Spencer

and others (1908) for all dark-colored gneiss containing

hornblende, clinopyroxene, and biotite that is exposed on

Pochuck Mountain in the Hamburg and Wawayanda quadrangles. The name Pochuck Gneiss was used on the old

State geologic map (Lewis and Kümmel, 1912) for amphibolite in these two quadrangles, but we choose not to use it

Figure 23. (K2O+Na2O)/CaO versus Zr+Nb+Ce+Y discrimination diagram (Whalen and others, 1987) of granitic rocks in the

New Jersey Highlands. Note overlap of rocks from the Byram and

Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suites and their restriction to A-type

granite field. Other fields are for fractionated granite (FG) and M-,

I-, and S-type granites. Symbols as in figure 21. Data on Ce from

Volkert (1995); other data from tables 14 and 15.

Figure 24. Major-element discrimination diagram (Sylvester,

1989) of granitic rocks in the New Jersey Highlands showing plot

of Byram and Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suites. FeOTotal indicates

that all Fe is reported as FeO. Symbols as in figure 21.
C26 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

because the rocks classified as Pochuck are neither lithologically nor stratigraphically distinctive.

Rocks mapped as amphibolite (Ya) are widespread

throughout the New Jersey Highlands, where they occur in

virtually every quadrangle. They are associated with nearly

all other Middle Proterozoic rocks. Amphibolite is a grayish-black, medium-grained, moderately foliated rock that

contains hornblende and plagioclase (andesine). Some types

interlayered with calcareous metasedimentary rocks contain

clinopyroxene, and some interlayered with quartzofeldspathic gneiss contain biotite. Hypersthene is a local accessory where amphibolite is associated with charnockitic

rocks. Magnetite is a ubiquitous accessory in practically all

phases of amphibolite. 

In the southwestern Highlands, some amphibolite is

locally migmatized by veins and layers of quartz and feldspar (potassium feldspar or plagioclase). Migmatitic

amphibolite (Yam) in this part of the Highlands was

described by Drake (1969, 1984). Migmatitic amphibolite is

less common in the central and northern Highlands. One

sample in table 17 (no. 22) is a paleosome near a contact

with microperthite alaskite from the central Highlands. 

Amphibolite was mapped as a single unit in the New

Jersey Highlands. Because it was easily identified during

mapping, and because an exhaustive analysis of amphibolites was not deemed critical, this unit was not studied in as

much detail as some of the other rocks. Regardless, it is

clear from the field relationships and from our limited

geochemical data that amphibolite in the Highlands has at

least four different protoliths as discussed below.

Metasedimentary amphibolite.—Drake (1984) interpreted much of the amphibolite in the southwestern Highlands to be metasedimentary, originally calcareous shale,

because it is conformably interlayered with calc-silicate

gneiss and marble. Volkert has recognized and mapped only

minor amounts of metasedimentary amphibolite in the central and northern Highlands. It is characteristically rusty,

punky weathering, biotitic, and sulfidic. The protolith likely

was a calcareous shale also. 

Metavolcanic amphibolite.—The predominant type of

amphibolite in the central and northern New Jersey Highlands is metavolcanic. Geochemical analyses of amphibolites in table 17 suggest that all are probably metavolcanic in

origin. Several of these have the composition of tholeiitic

basalt from a midocean ridge or back arc basin setting. Sample 211, associated with rocks of the Losee Metamorphic

Suite, also is tholeiitic but has an affinity toward an origin in

an island arc environment (fig. 25). Samples B29 and 168,

associated with calc-silicate gneiss and marble, are alkalic

basalt and fall mainly in a within-plate field on various tectonic discrimination diagrams (for example, fig. 25). Hague

and others (1956) identified pillow structures in amphibolite

from Sussex County. One of the pillow localities associated

with arkosic quartzofeldspathic gneiss and marble was illustrated by Drake (1990); a geochemical study by Volkert

(Volkert and others, 1986) on a sample (table 17, no. 48)

from the illustrated locality showed the protolith to be a

tholeiitic basalt closely resembling basalt from a midocean

ridge setting. Maxey (1971) chemically analyzed 56 samples of northern Highlands amphibolites and concluded, on

Figure 25. Log TiO2 versus Mg'

plot (Basaltic Volcanism Study

Project, 1981) of amphibolites in

the New Jersey Highlands. Mg'=

100 (Mg/[Mg+Fe2+]). Fields:

WPT/WPA, within-plate tholeiitic/

alkalic; MORB, midocean ridge

basalt; IAT, island arc tholeiite.

Geochemical data for the samples

plotted are in table 17.
PROTEROZOIC TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE HIGHLANDS—A SYNTHESIS C27

the basis of major- and trace-element compositions, that all

were metabasalt. 

Metagabbroic amphibolite.—Still other amphibolite

appears to be metagabbro. Baker and Buddington (1970)

described amphibolite from the Franklin quadrangle with a

locally preserved relict primary igneous texture. Hull and

others (1986) identified a similar occurrence in the Tranquility quadrangle. The field association of these rocks is

masked by the large volume of intrusive rocks that surrounds them. 

Metaporphyric amphibolite.—A fourth, very distinctive type of amphibolite is a metaporphyry containing rectangular phenocrysts of plagioclase as much as an inch or

more in length in a matrix of medium-grained hornblende

and plagioclase. This type of amphibolite was recognized

by Volkert in exposures of limited areal extent in the Stanhope, Tranquility, and Blairstown quadrangles. A similar

exposure was identified recently in the Easton quadrangle

(D.H. Monteverde, New Jersey Geological Survey, oral

commun., 1993). In the Blairstown quadrangle, this rock

type is completely enclosed in a large body of biotite-hornblende granite. In the Tranquility quadrangle, it is intimately

interlayered with layered charnockitic gneiss and grades

along strike into biotite amphibolite. In the Easton and Stanhope quadrangles, it appears to be spatially associated with

Losee Metamorphic Suite rocks, but the stratigraphic relations in Stanhope are masked by exposures of intrusive

rocks. It is likely that this type of amphibolite is metavolcanic because of its known lithologic associations and a geochemical analysis of the rock from Tranquility (table 17,

sample 423A), which is tholeiitic basalt with a composition

that could indicate either a midocean ridge or a within-plate

tectonic setting (fig. 25). 

Because amphibolite is derived from different protoliths, it logically follows that not all amphibolite in the

New Jersey Highlands has the same age. That associated

with the Losee Metamorphic Suite (including its charnockitic rocks) is obviously the oldest. It very likely was metabasalt, although some may well have been metagabbro.

Amphibolite interlayered with metasedimentary rocks may

be older than amphibolite associated with Vernon Supersuite intrusive rocks.

BIOTITE-PLAGIOCLASE GNEISS

Rocks mapped as biotite-plagioclase gneiss (Ybp),

though sparsely exposed in the New Jersey Highlands, are

geologically significant. They appear to be of two main

types. The first is dark-gray, medium-grained biotite-plagioclase gneiss containing hornblende, magnetite, and sparse

amounts of clinopyroxene. With increases in quartz and

biotite, this rock appears to grade into biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss with local accessory hornblende of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite and, with an increase in hornblende, it

grades into biotite amphibolite. Sample 195 (table 18) is a

good example. It is also spatially associated with quartz-oligoclase gneiss, as is sample 223 (table 18) from the Hamburg quadrangle. Both have the composition of tholeiitic

basaltic andesite. Sample 1037 (table 18) from the Newton

East quadrangle is composed of plagioclase, hornblende,

subordinate biotite, and trace amounts of magnetite and apatite. This rock grades from biotite amphibolite with

increases in biotite and quartz into biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss of the Losee Metamorphic Suite that is seamed

by albite-oligoclase granite (Volkert and others, 1986). It

differs from other biotite-plagioclase gneiss in having a

more undersaturated, olivine- and nepheline-normative

composition that is higher in total iron. Chemically, this

rock may have been an alkali olivine basalt, or picrite, that

formed a thin sill.

The second type of biotite-plagioclase gneiss was

mapped by Young (1969). It appears to be confined to the

Dover quadrangle. It is a gray, foliated rock composed of

plagioclase (andesine), biotite, hornblende, clinopyroxene,

and magnetite and local apatite, garnet, and titanite. This

unit contains a thin mafic layer composed mainly of plagioclase (labradorite to andesine), hornblende, clinopyroxene,

orthopyroxene, and magnetite; locally, it contains biotite

and apatite. This type of biotite-plagioclase gneiss is spatially associated with rocks of the Lake Hopatcong Intrusive

Suite and metasedimentary gneisses. It contains no modal

quartz, nor does it grade into rocks containing quartz. The

chemistry of this unit led Young and Icenhower (1989) to

interpret it as a metamorphosed sill of anorthosite and mafic

layered gabbroic anorthosite. Despite the mineralogical

similarity with the first type of biotite-plagioclase gneiss

described here, it clearly is a different rock in that it has >20

weight percent Al2O3, a higher Na2O content, and much

lower FeO and MgO contents (table 18). Trace-element

abundances are comparable to those in the first type of

biotite-plagioclase gneiss. This unit is especially significant

as no other rocks of anorthositic composition have thus far

been recognized in the New Jersey Highlands. 

PROTEROZOIC TECTONIC HISTORY OF 

THE HIGHLANDS—A SYNTHESIS

A simplified version of rock relations in the New Jersey Highlands is shown schematically in figure 26. If rocks

of the Losee Metamorphic Suite (including its charnockitic

rocks) are the oldest exposed rocks in the Highlands, then

they record an early episode of compressional tectonism at

about 1,350 to 1,300 Ma resulting from the subduction of an

oceanic crustal slab beneath the Middle Proterozoic continental margin. Partial melting of the subducting slab could

have generated a series of continental magmatic arcs similar

to the present Andes Mountains. Magmatism at this time

was mainly calc-alkaline to tholeiitic in composition. Final
C28 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

suturing of the oceanic and continental plates occurred

sometime after 1,300 Ma and produced an uplifted continental block. 

Sometime after 1,300 Ma, a period of quiescence and

erosion of the continental terrane occurred until about 1,100

Ma. Sedimentation may have occurred in a cratonic basin

setting with the deposition of the quartzose sandstone and

arkosic sediments that now are metaquartzite and potassium-feldspar gneiss, microcline gneiss, and monazite

gneiss. A subsequent change in the composition of material

shed from the source areas led to an increase in the amount

of lithic fragments over feldspar and deposition of the lithic

arenites. Perhaps this marked a transition from sedimentation in a largely terrestrial environment to sedimentation in

a shallow-marine site. Continued erosion of the continental

source and the onset of an extensional tectonic regime

resulted in marine transgression. This transgression led to

the deposition in a marine basin of a mixed sequence of

quartzose sandstone, calcareous rocks, limestone, and

graywacke. Some sedimentation was probably associated

with tholeiitic basalt from a small spreading center in this

basin. The presence of a spreading center is consistent with

the close spatial association of amphibolite containing relict

pillow structures and marble along the eastern margin of

Pochuck Mountain and elsewhere in the Highlands and also

with the association of amphibolite representing basalt of

MORB (midocean ridge basalt) affinity with pyroxene

gneiss and biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss.

Sedimentation was interrupted by the eventual destruction of the basin during the onset of compressional tectonism that began at about 1,100 Ma and lasted until 1,000

Ma. The onset of compression likely was marked by the

development of an oceanic island arc. During the interval

between about 1,100 Ma and about 1,090 Ma, A-type

magma of dominantly alkaline, metaluminous composition

was generated, and the granites and related rocks of the

Lake Hopatcong and Byram Intrusive Suites were emplaced. The emplacement was followed by the full intensity

of the Grenville orogenesis, during which all Middle Proterozoic rocks of the New Jersey Highlands were metamorphosed to upper amphibolite to hornblende-granulite facies.

The Mount Eve Granite was emplaced during the waning

stages of Grenville orogenesis at about 1,020 Ma, and some

late pegmatites were intruded. 

Figure 26. Schematic diagram showing inferred stratigraphic relations of major Middle Proterozoic and Late Proterozoic rocks in the

New Jersey Highlands. Dotted line separates leucocratic and charnockitic rocks of the Losee Metamorphic Suite.
REFERENCES CITED C29

Between about 1,000 Ma and 760 Ma, another period

of quiescence occurred. This was followed at about 760 Ma

by the onset of extensional tectonism and rifting of the

proto-North American continent. Continental rift basins

were the setting for the deposition of the Late Proterozoic

Chestnut Hill Formation (Zch) (Drake, 1984), a weakly

metamorphosed sequence of interbedded clastic and metavolcanic rocks and metasaprolite. These rocks are currently

very locally preserved as erosional remnants and as small

slices along faults mainly in the southwest Highlands. Continued rifting produced fractures in the crust that acted as

conduits, allowing diabase dikes of Late Proterozoic age

(Puffer and others, 1991; Volkert and Puffer, 1995) to

intrude Middle Proterozoic rocks throughout the Highlands.

Cessation of Late Proterozoic sedimentation and magmatism in the Highlands was followed by further quiescence,

erosion, and deposition of the Hardyston Quartzite (Ch)

during the Early Cambrian. 

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EXPLANATION

Post-Grenville Orogeny Rocks

Ch Hardyston Quartzite

Zch Chestnut Hill Formation

Metasedimentary Rocks (Supracrustal Rocks)

Yk Potassium-feldspar gneiss

Ym Microcline gneiss

Ymg Monazite gneiss

Yb Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss

Ymh Hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss

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Ya Amphibolite

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Yd Diorite

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Ya Amphibolite

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Vernon Supersuite

Byram Intrusive Suite

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Ybb Biotite granite

Yba Microperthite alaskite

Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite

Ypg Pyroxene granite

Yps Pyroxene syenite

Ypa Pyroxene alaskite

Figure 26. Continued.
C30 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

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———1995, The Byram and Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suites:

Geochemistry and petrogenetic relationship of A-type granites from the New Jersey Highlands: Northeastern Geology

and Environmental Sciences, v. 17, p. 247–258.

Volkert, R.A., and Drake, A.A., Jr., 1990, New geologic map of the

New Jersey Highlands [abs.]: Geological Society of America

Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, p. 76–77.

———1998, The Vernon Supersuite: Mesoproterozoic A-type

granitoid rocks in the New Jersey Highlands: Northeastern

Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 20, no. 1, p. 39–43.

Volkert, R.A., Drake, A.A., Jr., Hull, J.M., and Koto, R.Y., 1986,

Road log for the field trip on the geology of the New Jersey

Highlands, in Husch, J.M., and Goldstein, F.R., eds., Geology

of the New Jersey Highlands and radon in New Jersey: Field

guide and proceedings of the third annual meeting of the Geological Association of New Jersey, p. 67–116.

Volkert, R.A., Markewicz, F.J., and Drake, A.A., Jr., 1990, Bedrock geologic map of the Chester quadrangle, Morris County,

New Jersey: New Jersey Geological Survey Geologic Map

Series GMS 90–1, scale 1:24,000.

Volkert, R.A., Monteverde, D.H., and Drake, A.A., Jr., 1989, Geologic map of the Stanhope quadrangle, Morris and Sussex

Counties, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic

Quadrangle Map GQ–1671, scale 1:24,000.

———1995, Bedrock geologic map of the Hackettstown quadrangle, Morris, Warren, and Hunterdon Counties, New Jersey:

New Jersey Geological Survey Geologic Map Series GMS

94–1, scale 1:24,000.

Volkert, R.A., and Puffer, J.H., 1995, Late Proterozoic diabase

dikes of the New Jersey Highlands—A remnant of Iapetan

rifting in the north-central Appalachians, in Geologic studies

in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological

Survey Professional Paper 1565–A, 22 p.

Whalen, J.B., and Currie, K.L., 1990, The Topsails igneous suite,

western Newfoundland; fractionation and magma mixing in

an “orogenic” A-type granite suite, in Stein, H.J., and Hannah, J.L., eds., Ore-bearing granite systems; petrogenesis and

mineralizing processes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 246, p. 287–299. 

Whalen, J.B., Currie, K.L., and Chappell, B.W., 1987, A-type

granites; geochemical characteristics, discrimination and

petrogenesis: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v.

95, p. 407–419.

White, A.J.R., and Chappell, B.W., 1983, Granitoid types and their

distribution in the Lachlan fold belt, southeastern Australia:

Geological Society of America Memoir 159, p. 21–34.

Wolff, J.E., and Brooks, A.H., 1898, The age of the Franklin white

limestone of Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological

Survey 18th Annual Report, pt. 2, p. 425–457.

Young, D.A., 1969, Petrology and structure of the west-central

New Jersey Highlands: Providence, R.I., Brown University,

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 194 p. 

———1972, A quartz syenite intrusion in the New Jersey Highlands: Journal of Petrology, v. 13, p. 511–528. 

Young, D.A., and Icenhower, J.P., 1989, A metamorphosed

anorthosite sill in the New Jersey Highlands: Northeastern

Geology, v. 11, p. 56–64.
TABLES 1–18 

[Each table includes descriptions of samples analyzed for this study and of collection localities. Many of these localities are on 

private property, and permission must be obtained from property owners prior to accessing their land. Where listed, minerals 

are in order of increasing abundance. Quadrangle locations are in figure 1]
C34 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 1. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of leucocratic rocks of the Losee Metamorphic

Suite, New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others,

1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich., for all samples but three; analyses of samples F1, 3, and 994 by U.S.

Geological Survey, Reston, Va. NA, not analyzed. Sample localities are described following this table]

Quartz-oligoclase gneiss (Ylo)

471 472 28 638 36 23 56

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 70.40 75.50 64.40 71.40 67.50 74.90 71.10

TiO2 .......................... .42 .24 .49 .17 .23 .33 .44

Al2O3 ........................ 15.20 12.90 16.00 16.40 18.20 13.00 15.30

Fe2O3 ........................ 1.10 1.99 1.82 .57 .64 .44 .68

FeO............................ 1.30 .80 2.50 .80 1.00 .40 1.30

MgO.......................... 1.37 .38 2.02 .45 .88 .56 .71

CaO ........................... 2.21 2.79 4.39 4.05 3.92 1.16 2.75

Na2O ......................... 5.45 3.97 4.68 5.12 5.62 6.95 5.19

K2O ........................... 1.98 1.10 1.10 .83 1.71 1.54 2.19

P2O5 .......................... .06 .03 .15 .06 .10 .04 .11

MnO.......................... .03 .02 .08 .06 .03 .01 .02

LOI............................ .62 .85 .93 .31 .47 .54 .47

Total....................... 100.14 100.57 98.56 100.22 100.30 99.87 100.26

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 390 130 220 450 450 290 1,000

Cr .............................. 30 30 40 20 20 33 28

Nb.............................. 10 20 <10 10 20 30 <10 

Rb.............................. 50 50 20 30 80 40 60

Sr............................... 450 160 610 790 750 80 650

Y................................ <10 10 <10 10 <10 80 10

Zr............................... 80 380 80 40 70 330 170

 CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 24.13 41.74 20.17 28.97 18.39 26.67 25.57

Or .............................. 11.70 6.50 6.50 4.91 10.11 9.10 12.94

Ab.............................. 46.12 33.59 39.60 43.32 47.56 58.30 43.92

An.............................. 10.57 13.65 19.40 19.32 18.79 — 11.98

C................................ .22 .18 — — .22 — —

Wo............................. — — — — — .68 —

Di .............................. — — 1.13 .31 — 3.01 .77

Hy.............................. 4.25 .95 6.91 1.80 3.18 — 2.53

Ac.............................. — — — — — .45 —

Mt.............................. 1.59 1.95 2.64 .83 .93 .37 .99

Il................................ .80 .46 .93 .32 .44 .63 .84

Hem........................... — .65 — — — .03 —

Ap.............................. .14 .07 .35 .14 .23 .09 .25

Ru.............................. — — — — — — —
TABLE 1 C35

Table 1. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of leucocratic rocks of the Losee Metamorphic

Suite, New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Quartz-oligoclase gneiss (Ylo)—Continued

B1 F79 141 275 F1 3 46

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 77.20 69.00 76.90 64.90 73.20 62.90 69.80

TiO2 .......................... .23 .20 .25 .45 .15 .94 .34

Al2O3 ........................ 12.20 17.30 12.10 16.30 15.30 15.60 14.80

Fe2O3 ........................ .88 .51 .86 1.77 .37 1.40 .97 

FeO............................ .60 .70 .50 2.40 .56 4.00 1.70

MgO.......................... .39 .80 .56 1.76 .29 2.50 .91

CaO ........................... 1.09 4.16 1.50 4.72 2.80 4.30 2.90

Na2O ......................... 5.94 5.12 6.22 4.51 4.70 4.20 4.68

K2O ........................... .62 1.36 .53 1.46 1.40 1.30 2.70

P2O5 .......................... .04 .10 .03 .18 .04 .25 .13

MnO.......................... .03 .03 .03 .07 .07 .07 .03

LOI............................ .54 1.16 .70 .35 .43 1.38 .70

Total ..................... 99.76 100.44 100.18 98.87 99.31 98.84 99.66

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 80 650 140 460 NA NA 1,200

Cr .............................. 30 20 10 250 NA NA 20

Nb.............................. <10 <10 20 20 NA NA <10

Rb.............................. 20 40 30 10 NA NA <10

Sr............................... 80 1000 120 730 NA NA 510

Y................................ 40 10 70 <10 NA NA <10

Zr............................... 340 40 380 110 NA NA 190

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 37.52 23.92 35.53 20.29 33.91 19.09 24.67

Or .............................. 3.66 8.04 3.13 8.63 8.27 7.68 15.96 

Ab.............................. 50.26 43.32 52.63 38.16 39.77 35.54 39.60

An.............................. 4.80 19.99 3.53 19.92 13.63 19.70 11.40

C................................ — .08 — — 1.06 .06 —

Wo............................. — — — — — — —

Di .............................. .27 — 2.89 1.88 — — 1.75

Hy.............................. .89 2.58 .05 5.80 1.33 10.99 3.22 

Ac.............................. — — — — — — —

Mt.............................. 1.28 .74 .98 2.57 .54 2.03 1.41

Il................................ .44 .38 .47 .85 .28 1.79 .65

Hem........................... — — .18 — — — —

Ap.............................. .09 .23 .07 .42 .09 .58 .30

Ru.............................. — — — — — — —
C36 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 1. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of leucocratic rocks of the

Losee Metamorphic Suite, New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Quartz-oligoclase gneiss (Ylo)—Continued

Albiteoligoclase 

granite (Yla) 

175 94 128 104 7 H380

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 73.20 69.70 65.80 72.90 66.60 77.90

TiO2........................... .11 .19 .51 .47 .30 .10

Al2O3......................... 15.60 17.60 16.00 13.10 19.00 12.10

Fe2O3......................... .38 .56 1.75 1.60 1.01 .17

FeO............................ .10 .80 2.50 .90 .20 .30

MgO .......................... .24 .66 1.93 .52 .18 .20

CaO ........................... 1.77 4.64 4.81 2.79 3.44 .77

Na2O ......................... 6.92 5.10 4.56 5.96 6.56 4.95

K2O ........................... 1.41 .85 1.62 1.21 1.43 2.77

P2O5 .......................... .03 .08 .18 .13 .03 .02

MnO .......................... .01 .03 .07 .03 <.01 .01

LOI............................ .54 .39 .16 .70 .25 .47

Total....................... 100.31 100.60 99.89 100.31 99.00 99.76

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. 1,000 480 410 260 220 420

Cr............................... 20 20 30 30 NA 10

Nb.............................. 20 <10 10 10 <10 10

Rb.............................. 30 30 40 20 20 40

Sr ............................... 880 800 630 340 130 120

Y................................ <10 <10 10 30 10 20

Zr............................... 50 30 120 360 180 80

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 23.75 25.74 20.22 28.85 15.41 36.72

Or .............................. 8.33 5.02 9.57 7.15 8.45 16.37

Ab.............................. 58.56 43.16 38.59 50.43 55.51 41.89

An.............................. 7.34 22.50 18.41 5.42 16.87 2.62

C................................ — .05 — — .48 —

Wo ............................. — — — 1.66 — —

Di............................... .97 — 3.47 2.79 — .87 

Hy.............................. .15 2.39 5.56 — .45 .34

Ac.............................. — — — — — —

Mt.............................. .04 .81 2.54 1.64 — .25

Il ................................ .21 .36 .97 .89 .42 .19

Hem........................... .36 — — .47 1.01 —

Ap.............................. .07 .19 .42 .30 .07 .05 

Ru.............................. — — — — .08 —
TABLE 1 C37

Table 1. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of leucocratic rocks of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite, New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Biotite-quartz-oligoclase gneiss (Ylb)

W66 255 435 994 664 W284

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 63.30 61.10 69.00 71.90 62.10 62.50

TiO2 ........................... .88 .91 .53 .36 1.02 .76

Al2O3......................... 17.00 16.20 15.20 14.80 13.90 17.30

Fe2O3......................... 1.62 3.61 .85 .50 4.26 1.04

FeO ............................ 2.30 3.80 2.00 1.20 4.90 1.60

MgO .......................... 3.66 2.99 .99 1.10 3.11 3.36

CaO............................ 2.66 3.43 3.29 2.90 3.05 2.19

Na2O.......................... 6.41 5.48 5.11 4.30 3.12 6.89

K2O............................ 2.05 1.93 2.13 1.20 2.69 2.10

P2O5........................... .22 .19 .15 .07 .22 .15

MnO .......................... .02 .02 .05 .04 .11 <.01

LOI ............................ .47 .54 .85 .77 1.05 .35

Total...................... 100.59 100.20 100.15 99.14 99.53 98.24

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. 300 670 930 NA 350 200

Cr............................... 80 100 30 NA NA NA

Nb .............................. 20 20 10 NA 10 10

Rb .............................. 180 110 50 NA 80 100

Sr ............................... 130 140 590 NA 80 140

Y ................................ 160 20 <10 NA 30 30

Zr ............................... 180 190 210 NA 180 190

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................. 7.01 9.82 22.69 34.31 21.28 4.73

Or............................... 12.12 11.41 12.59 7.09 15.90 12.41

Ab .............................. 54.24 46.37 43.24 36.39 26.40 58.30

An .............................. 11.56 13.91 12.25 13.36 13.69 9.88

C ................................ — — — 1.53 .84 .07

Wo ............................. — — — — — —

Di............................... .16 1.50 2.55 — — —

Hy .............................. 10.51 9.26 3.40 4.01 11.74 9.19

Ac .............................. — — — — — —

Mt .............................. 2.35 5.23 1.23 .72 6.18 1.51

Il ................................ 1.67 1.73 1.01 .68 1.94 1.44

Hem ........................... — — — — — —

Ap .............................. .51 .44 .35 .16 .51 .35

Ru .............................. — — — — — —
C38 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 1

471—Medium-grained, foliated biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. 

North side of service road, 1,950 ft east-northeast of north end 

of Lake Ioscoe; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

472—Medium-coarse-grained biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. 

South side of service road, 1,200 ft southwest of west end of 

Wolf Den Dam, Wanaque Reservoir; Wanaque 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

28—Hornblende-biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. East side of 

road, 1,350 ft southwest of southwest end of Sheppard Pond; 

Sloatsburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

638—Well-foliated garnet-biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Low 

ridge west of New Jersey Route 206, 1,500 ft northwest of 

intersection of Routes 206 and 607; Stanhope 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

36—Medium-grained quartz-plagioclase gneiss. West side of New 

Jersey Route 667, 0.8 mi north of Independence Corner; Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

23—Quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Along Bear Swamp Brook, 1 mi 

northwest of New Jersey Route 202; Ramsey 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

56—Homogeneous biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. East side of 

New Jersey Route 515, 1,200 ft northeast of boundary with 

Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle; Wawayanda 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

B1—Clinopyroxene-hornblende-biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. 

Crest of Jenny Jump Mountain, approximately 0.9 mi 

east-southeast of Shiloh; Blairstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

F79—Hornblende-biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. North side of 

Beaver Lake Road, 500 ft west of south end of Beaver Lake; 

Franklin 7.5-min quadrangle.

141—Homogeneous quartz-plagioclase gneiss. East side of Lake 

Just-It Road, 0.84 mi northeast of intersection of Mountain 

Lake and Jenny Jump Brook; Washington 7.5-min quadrangle.

275—Clinopyroxene-hornblende-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Northbound Interstate-287, approximately 300 ft west of Lake Inez; 

Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

F1—Homogeneous quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Northbound New 

Jersey Route 15, north side of Sparta Interchange, west of 

Blue Heron Lake; Franklin 7.5-min quadrangle.

3—Clinopyroxene-hornblende-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Along 

Peapack Brook, 600 ft south of intersection of Fox Chase 

Road and Peapack Brook; Chester 7.5-min quadrangle.

46—Clinopyroxene-biotite-hornblende-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. 

East side of ridge crest, 0.56 mi northeast of intersection of 

Indian Grove Brook and Hardscrabble Road; Bernardsville 

7.5-min quadrangle.

175—Weakly foliated quartz-plagioclase gneiss. East side of 

unnamed stream, approximately 1.2 mi south-southeast of 

Cokesbury; Califon 7.5-min quadrangle.

94—Foliated garnet-biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. North side 

of Mansfield Drive, 400 ft west of Lubbers Run; Stanhope 

7.5-min quadrangle. 

128—Biotite-hornblende-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. East side of 

Alta Vista Drive, 1,100 ft west-northwest of north end of Skyline Lakes; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

104—Clinopyroxene-hornblende-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. East 

side of Skyline Drive, 200 ft north of Passaic-Bergen County 

boundary; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

7—Weakly foliated quartz-plagioclase gneiss. North side of 

Wanaque River beneath Monksville Reservoir dam, west of 

Greenwood Lake Road; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

H380—Medium-coarse-grained quartz-plagioclase alaskite. West 

side of Central Railroad of New Jersey tracks at intersection 

with powerline, west of South Branch Raritan River; High 

Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.

W66—Medium-grained, well-foliated, biotite-quartz-plagioclase 

gneiss. South side of South Road at bend, southeast end of 

Glen Wild Lake; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

255—Biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. West side of Rocky 

Mountain, approximately 400 ft southeast of south end of Bear 

Swamp Lake; Ramsey 7.5-min quadrangle.

435—Well-layered biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Hill approximately 350 ft east of north end of Mastodon Lake; Wawayanda 7.5-min quadrangle.

994—Foliated garnet-biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Southound 

New Jersey Route 15, approximately 0.5 mi south of intersection of Route 15 with abandoned railroad tracks; Newton East 

7.5-min quadrangle.

664—Garnet-biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Pochuck Mountain, east side of ridge crest, 0.18 mi due south of south shore 

of Lake Pochung; Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

W284—Quartz-biotite-plagioclase gneiss. East side of Burnt 

Meadow Road, 200 ft north of Burnt Meadow Brook; 

Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle. 
TABLE 2 C39

Table 2. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of layered charnockitic rocks

(Yh) of the Losee Metamorphic Suite, New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration

(Jackson and others, 1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich., for all samples but one; analysis of sample 1106 by U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. NA, not analyzed. Sample localities are described following

this table]

Charnockitic andesite Charnockitic dacite

423 639 527 138 G37 275 1106

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ................ 60.30 61.60 58.40 67.20 66.00 65.30 66.30

TiO2 ................ 1.83 .71 .58 .54 .62 .44 .41

Al2O3 .............. 15.10 14.40 17.20 15.90 15.70 16.10 15.40

Fe2O3 .............. 3.71 1.84 1.98 1.25 3.15 1.84 .80

FeO ................. 4.70 4.30 6.70 2.40 3.40 2.70 2.70

MgO................ 2.09 3.51 3.06 1.32 .82 1.95 2.20

CaO................. 5.68 5.14 4.82 4.07 3.75 4.75 2.00

Na2O............... 4.07 4.15 4.07 4.17 5.02 4.44 3.50

K2O................. 1.49 1.70 2.29 1.94 1.34 1.51 4.80

P2O5................ .61 .22 .20 .16 .21 .18 .27

MnO................ .12 .09 .15 .09 .11 .07 .10

LOI ................. .39 .47 .54 .62 .39 .15 .76

Total............ 100.09 98.13 99.99 99.66 100.51 99.43 99.24

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.................... 860 480 260 870 420 520 NA

Cr .................... 17 180 80 10 <10 310 NA

Nb ................... 20 <10 20 20 10 20 NA

Rb ................... 30 80 70 40 70 20 NA

Sr..................... 570 320 150 590 320 750 NA

Y ..................... 70 20 20 <10 20 <10 NA

Zr .................... 270 130 90 190 250 110 NA

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz .................. 17.32 14.70 7.24 24.12 21.91 20.44 19.03

Or.................... 8.81 10.05 13.53 11.46 7.92 8.92 28.37

Ab ................... 34.44 35.12 34.44 35.29 42.48 37.57 29.62

An ................... 18.53 15.64 21.90 18.94 16.35 19.54 8.16

C ..................... — — — — — — 1.46

Di .................... 4.59 6.86 .59 .17 .74 2.32 —

Hy ................... 5.74 10.77 17.31 5.85 4.49 6.57 9.28 

Mt ................... 5.38 2.67 2.87 1.81 4.57 2.67 1.16

Il...................... 3.48 1.35 1.10 1.03 1.18 .84 .78

Ap ................... 1.41 .51 .46 .37 .49 .42 .63
C40 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 2. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of

layered charnockitic rocks (Yh) of the Losee Metamorphic Suite, New Jersey

Highlands—Continued.

Charnockitic rhyolite

337 279 345 96

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ....................... 78.20 73.40 72.90 72.60

TiO2 ....................... .49 .30 .26 .30

Al2O3..................... 10.20 13.00 14.20 10.50

Fe2O3..................... .82 .95 1.40 2.82

FeO ........................ 1.60 1.60 .90 2.60

MgO....................... 1.44 1.15 .49 .27

CaO........................ 1.52 2.33 2.29 1.15

Na2O...................... 4.41 3.92 4.17 1.25

K2O........................ .86 2.78 3.19 7.49

P2O5....................... .02 .07 .07 .03

MnO....................... .04 .04 .04 .06

LOI ........................ .50 .16 .47 .10

Total .................. 100.10 99.70 100.38 99.17

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba........................... 260 1,200 640 1,500

Cr........................... 70 20 30 <10

Nb .......................... 10 <10 <10 20

Rb .......................... <10 <10 150 170

Sr ........................... 100 240 280 50

Y ............................ <10 <10 10 10

Zr ........................... 260 140 120 420

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ......................... 43.63 32.97 30.99 33.93

Or........................... 5.08 16.43 18.85 44.26

Ab .......................... 37.32 33.17 35.29 10.58

An .......................... 5.50 9.67 10.61 .92

C ............................ ————

Di........................... 1.54 1.17 .23 3.94

Hy .......................... 4.37 4.03 1.25 .71

Mt .......................... 1.19 1.38 2.03 4.09

Il............................. .93 .57 .49 .57

Ap .......................... .05 .16 .16 .07
TABLE 2 C41

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 2

423—Medium-grained, layered hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase 

gneiss. Intercalated with porphyritic hornblende-plagioclase 

amphibolite (sample 423A, table 17). South side of swamp on 

Allamuchy Mountain, 0.87 mi southeast of northeast end of 

Tranquility Lake; Tranquility 7.5-min quadrangle.

639—Hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. West side of ridge, 

east of New Jersey Route 206, approximately 1.05 mi north of 

intersection of New Jersey Routes 206 and 607; Stanhope 

7.5-min quadrangle.

527—Quartz-hypersthene-plagioclase gneiss. High Rock Mountain, 1,500 ft east of Mountain Lake; Washington 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

138—Hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. West side of ridge 

east of Rocky Run, 0.56 mi southeast of water tower on Mt. 

Kipp; High Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.

G37—Hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Low ridge along 

southeast end of Greenwood Lake; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

275—Hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Intercalated with 

quartz-oligoclase gneiss (sample 275, table 1). Northbound 

Interstate-287, approximately 300 ft west of Lake Inez; 

Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

1106—Hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Powerline east of 

New Jersey Route 517, 0.7 mi east-northeast of north end of 

Lake Lenape; Newton East 7.5-min quadrangle.

337—Hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Intercalated with 

quartz-plagioclase gneiss and hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. West side of Mill Brook Avenue, 1.1 mi north of Mount 

Freedom; Mendham 7.5-min quadrangle.

279—Hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. North side of low 

hill at Camp Washington, 1,000 ft west of pond on Electric 

Brook; Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle. 

345—Hypersthene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Intercalated with 

foliated biotite-hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. East side 

of Otter Hole Road, 950 ft east-southeast of Indian Trail Lake; 

Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

96—Hypersthene-K-feldspar-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Northbound New Jersey Route 515, approximately 0.8 mi north of 

intersection of New Jersey Routes 23 and 515; Franklin 

7.5-min quadrangle.
C42 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 3. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of massive charnockitic rocks (Yd) of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite, New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others,

1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich., for all samples but two; analyses of samples 746 and 108 by U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. NA, not analyzed. Sample localities are described following this table]

746 114 108 31 561 603 43

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 .......................... 67.40 50.77 65.40 68.70 52.40 54.60 46.70

TiO2 .......................... .83 1.08 .86 .45 .26 .60 .51

Al2O3 ........................ 15.90 14.26 15.90 15.60 20.60 13.80 21.00

Fe2O3 ........................ 1.63 5.70 .60 .77 1.93 3.90 2.88

FeO ........................... 2.20 7.70 3.60 2.60 3.10 9.10 6.40

MgO.......................... 1.16 6.67 2.30 1.17 6.43 4.97 6.46

CaO........................... 4.58 10.08 3.10 3.98 12.50 9.00 13.50

Na2O......................... 4.49 3.40 4.30 5.27 2.50 3.14 1.60

K2O........................... .94 .38 2.40 1.16 .30 .34 .39

P2O5.......................... .37 .13 .22 .12 .06 .07 .08

MnO.......................... .05 .18 .07 .06 .09 .26 .14

LOI ........................... .75 .68 .58 .08 .23 .01 .23

Total .................... 100.30 101.03 99.33 99.96 100.40 99.79 99.89

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. NA 53 NA 160 90 60 60

Cr .............................. NA NA NA 20 230 30 40

Nb ............................. NA NA NA 10 <10 <10 <10

Rb ............................. NA NA NA 30 10 10 10

Sr............................... NA 180 NA 330 830 240 810

Y ............................... NA NA NA 10 10 10 <10

Zr .............................. NA 34 NA 120 <10 <10 <10

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................ 26.62 0.53 19.99 22.82 2.55 7.30 —

Or.............................. 5.56 2.25 14.18 6.86 1.77 2.01 2.30

Ab ............................. 37.99 28.77 36.39 44.59 21.15 26.57 13.54

An ............................. 20.12 22.53 12.93 15.49 44.10 22.56 48.97

C ............................... .12 — 1.49 — — — —

Di .............................. — 21.33 — 2.89 13.94 17.93 14.19

Hy ............................. 4.30 14.27 10.55 4.98 13.22 16.46 8.28

Ol .............................. — — — — — — 7.05

Mt ............................. 2.36 8.26 .87 1.12 2.80 5.65 4.18

Il................................ 1.58 2.05 1.63 .85 .49 1.14 .97

Ap ............................. .86 .30 .51 .28 .14 .16 .19

Cc.............................. .07 .09 .36 — — — —
TABLE 3 C43

Table 3. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of massive charnockitic rocks (Yd) of the Losee

Metamorphic Suite, New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

219 80 W172 68 H381 18 73

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 .......................... 58.00 56.80 55.40 57.20 51.70 67.30 57.40

TiO2 .......................... 1.02 .62 1.45 1.08 1.58 .29 1.33

Al2O3 ........................ 16.20 19.20 17.30 16.80 15.30 16.10 17.90

Fe2O3 ........................ 3.22 1.85 1.55 2.06 2.00 1.38 2.68

FeO ........................... 4.50 3.60 6.30 6.90 8.80 1.50 2.80

MgO.......................... 3.98 3.01 2.89 3.79 6.48 1.31 2.82

CaO........................... 6.46 6.52 7.15 8.03 8.60 4.59 5.24

Na2O......................... 4.73 5.60 5.57 3.46 3.60 4.91 7.42

K2O........................... 1.31 1.24 1.42 .85 .70 1.02 .55

P2O5.......................... .39 .22 .47 .25 .26 .13 .63

MnO.......................... .14 .12 .13 .15 .17 .06 .03

LOI ........................... .06 .47 .31 .23 .31 .60 .30

Total.................... 100.01 99.25 99.94 100.80 99.50 99.19 99.10

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 530 170 920 190 270 890 80

Cr .............................. 40 40 37 30 270 30 NA

Nb ............................. 20 20 40 10 20 <10 20

Rb ............................. 20 20 30 20 20 <10 10

Sr............................... 910 680 940 420 400 1,590 580

Y ............................... 20 30 20 40 20 <10 30

Zr .............................. 140 100 220 210 90 40 260

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................ 7.14 1.27 — 9.61 — 23.50 —

Or.............................. 7.74 7.33 8.39 5.02 4.14 6.03 3.25

Ab ............................. 40.02 47.39 47.13 29.28 30.46 41.55 62.79

An ............................. 19.10 23.59 18.01 27.80 23.52 18.88 13.91

C ............................... ————— ——

Di .............................. 8.38 5.95 11.96 8.61 14.30 2.45 6.27

Hy ............................. 10.05 8.89 4.28 14.64 17.35 3.33 4.32

Ol .............................. — — 3.77 — 2.91 — .38

Mt ............................. 4.67 2.68 2.25 2.99 2.90 2.00 3.89

Il................................ 1.94 1.18 2.75 2.05 3.00 .55 2.53

Ap ............................. .90 .51 1.09 .58 .60 .30 1.46

Cc.............................. — — — — — — —
C44 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 3

746—Medium-grained, weakly foliated hypersthene tonalite. 

Northeast side of small, unnamed pond, 1 mi east-northeast of 

north end of Hoot Owl Lake; Newfoundland 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

114—Garnetiferous hypersthene diorite. Intercalated with thin 

hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite layers. Westbound U.S. 

Route 46, 1,900 ft northwest of intersection with New Jersey 

Route 10, Ledgewood; Stanhope 7.5-min quadrangle.

108—Quartz-hypersthene diorite. South side of Lawrence Road, 

0.9 mi southwest of intersection of Mill Brook Avenue and 

New Jersey Route 10; Mendham 7.5-min quadrangle.

31—Homogeneous hypersthene tonalite. East side of Watnong 

Mountain, 0.58 mi west of intersection of powerline and Tabor 

Road; Morristown 7.5-min quadrangle.

561—Hypersthene diorite. West side of ridge, east of Macopin 

Road, 0.35 mi south-southwest of Hillcrest School; Newfoundland 7.5-min quadrangle.

603—Hypersthene diorite. East side of Germantown Road, 0.3 mi 

north of intersection with northbound New Jersey Route 23; 

Newfoundland 7.5-min quadrangle.

43—Hypersthene diorite. North side of ridge, north of Butler Reservoir, 1,600 ft east of Kinnelon High School; Pompton Plains 

7.5-min quadrangle.

219—Hypersthene diorite. Draw in ridge west of Wanaque Reservoir, 0.46 mi southeast of intersection of West Brook and 

Stonetown Roads; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

80—Hypersthene diorite. West side of ridge, north of powerline, 

0.4 mi southwest of intersection of Beech Road and New Jersey Route 511; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min quadrangle.

W172—Hypersthene diorite. Southeast side of ridge, north of 

Canistear Reservoir, 0.5 mi southwest of intersection of unimproved road and Canistear Road; Wawayanda 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

68—Hypersthene diorite. Eastbound Interstate-80, 0.43 mi east of 

Mt. Hope Avenue, Dover 7.5-min quadrangle.

H381—Hypersthene diorite. East side of Central Railroad of New 

Jersey tracks, approximately 1,000 ft north of powerline, west 

of South Branch Raritan River; High Bridge 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

18—Hypersthene tonalite. North side of ridge, south of Stone 

House Brook, 0.46 mi west-northwest of northwest end of 

Butler Reservoir; Boonton 7.5-min quadrangle.

73—Massive-textured, weakly foliated, light-gray hypersthene 

diorite. East side of Lamington River, 50 ft north of confluence 

with small tributary drainage, 0.81 mi south of intersection of 

New Jersey Route 24 and Parker Road; Chester 7.5-min 

quadrangle.
TABLE 4 C45

Table 4. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of potassium-feldspar gneiss (Yk) and monazite gneiss (Ymg), New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others,

1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich., for all samples but one; analysis of sample B40 by U.S. Geological

Survey, Reston, Va. NA, not analyzed. Sample localities are described following this table]

Potassium-feldspar gneiss (Yk)

B40 117 21 16 W81 H5 26 165

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 75.10 74.40 74.90 74.50 73.70 73.30 72.80 80.30

TiO2........................... .29 .27 .18 .26 .17 .35 .28 .11

Al2O3......................... 12.20 12.90 11.60 11.90 13.60 11.30 14.10 10.70

Fe2O3......................... 1.95 1.48 1.69 2.78 1.09 1.85 .96 .20

FeO............................ 1.10 .70 1.30 .90 .90 3.11 1.40 <.10

MgO .......................... .19 .41 .58 .12 .24 .58 .36 .05

CaO ........................... .70 1.18 3.07 .27 1.48 .29 1.49 .09

Na2O ......................... 4.09 3.55 3.11 3.02 3.69 2.70 3.64 1.30

K2O ........................... 3.62 4.63 1.56 5.79 4.36 5.84 4.79 7.01

P2O5 .......................... .04 .06 .02 .03 .05 .02 .06 .03

MnO .......................... .01 .03 .08 .03 .06 .09 .05 <.01

LOI............................ .24 .54 .47 .23 .16 .31 .47 .18

Total ................... 99.53 100.15 98.56 99.83 99.50 99.74 100.40 <100.08

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. NA 670 1,000 690 630 540 1,100 610

Cr............................... NA 20 10 23 10 40 23 NA

Nb.............................. NA 20 <10 40 10 20 10 10

Rb.............................. NA 160 50 120 230 180 200 200

Sr ............................... NA 110 60 30 110 <10 250 60

Y................................ NA 30 20 80 20 70 20 30

Zr............................... NA 150 130 780 150 700 230 190

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 35.78 33.06 43.50 34.10 31.89 32.10 29.09 45.73

Or .............................. 21.39 27.36 9.22 34.22 25.77 34.51 28.31 41.43

Ab.............................. 34.61 30.04 26.32 25.55 31.22 22.85 30.80 11.00

An.............................. 3.21 5.46 13.09 1.14 7.02 1.31 7.00 .25

C................................ .38 .05 — .25 .24 .06 .36 .88

Di............................... — — 1.64 — — — — —

Hy.............................. .47 1.02 1.49 .30 1.18 5.22 2.30 .12

Mt.............................. 2.74 1.57 2.45 2.24 1.58 2.68 1.39 —

Il ................................ .55 .51 .34 .49 .32 .66 .53 —

Hem........................... .06 .40 — 1.23 — — — .20

Ap.............................. .09 .14 .05 .07 .12 .05 .14 .07

Ru.............................. — — — — — — — .11 
C46 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 4. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of potassium-feldspar gneiss (Yk) and monazite gneiss

(Ymg), New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

 Potassium-feldspar gneiss (Yk)—Continued Monazite gneiss 

(Ymg) 

530 91 352 G159 340 415 C81 19 

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 77.50 72.30 63.80 68.90 72.60 73.60 72.00 72.40

TiO2 .......................... .27 .49 .53 .30 .18 .32 .28 .27

Al2O3 ........................ 10.50 12.40 15.90 16.10 13.80 13.30 13.80 11.20

Fe2O3 ........................ 1.72 2.94 3.41 1.03 .45 1.59 2.00 2.56

FeO............................ .40 1.80 3.30 .80 1.20 .90 1.00 3.90

MgO.......................... .45 .82 .48 .75 .77 .44 .37 .12

CaO ........................... .21 .77 1.20 2.55 2.28 2.20 1.05 1.97

Na2O ......................... 1.58 2.77 2.81 4.99 2.71 2.93 2.90 2.42

K2O ........................... 5.53 4.76 7.30 3.69 4.83 4.13 5.32 4.45

P2O5 .......................... .07 .09 .12 .10 .05 .07 .06 .04

MnO.......................... .02 .05 .20 .03 .03 .03 .03 .06

LOI............................ .85 .47 .50 .62 .47 .39 1.16 .54

Total..................... 99.10 99.66 99.55 99.86 99.37 99.90 99.97 99.93

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 980 960 1,100 750 410 1,000 630 350

Cr .............................. 70 50 40 20 10 20 21 10

Nb.............................. 50 40 40 <10 <10 <10 20 80

Rb.............................. 190 150 210 110 150 130 240 150

Sr............................... 60 170 160 560 270 350 110 60

Y................................ 150 80 100 <10 10 20 70 240

Zr............................... 190 480 1,100 160 100 260 290 660

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 46.22 35.28 15.32 19.66 31.73 35.58 32.14 35.50 

Or .............................. 32.68 28.13 43.14 21.81 28.54 24.41 31.44 26.30

Ab.............................. 13.37 23.44 23.78 42.22 22.93 24.79 24.54 20.48

An.............................. .58 3.23 5.17 10.64 10.98 10.46 4.82 6.56

C................................ 1.70 1.51 1.48 — .09 .18 1.51 —

Di .............................. – — — 1.07 — — — 2.61

Hy.............................. 1.12 2.20 3.93 1.54 3.51 1.10 .92 3.64

Mt.............................. .57 4.26 4.94 1.49 .65 2.07 2.51 3.71

Il................................ .51 .93 1.01 .57 .34 .61 .53 .51

Hem........................... 1.33 — — — — .16 .27 —

Ap.............................. .16 .21 .28 .23 .12 .16 .14 .09

Ru.............................. — — — — — — — —
TABLE 4 C47

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 4

B40—Medium-grained, foliated plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz 

gneiss. East side of Stony Brook Mountains, 0.96 mi 

north-northeast of dam, Taylortown Reservoir; Boonton 

7.5-min quadrangle.

117—Biotite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Southeast of 

unnamed pond, 0.85 mi north of intersection of Fairview Avenue and Stony Brook; Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

21—Garnet-biotite-K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz gneiss. South 

side of West Hanover Avenue, 1,200 ft west of intersection 

with Gaston Road; Mendham 7.5-min quadrangle.

16—Plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Ridge crest, 0.34 mi 

west-southwest of intersection of New Jersey Route 517 and 

Ketchum Road; Tranquility 7.5-min quadrangle.

W81—Garnet-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. East side of 

intersection of Weaver and Otter Hole Roads; Wanaque 

7.5-min quadrangle.

H5—Sillimanite-garnet-biotite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. 

West side of Mt. Kipp, Lentine Aggregates Quarry, Glen Gardner; High Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.

26—Garnet-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. West side of 

ridge, 0.34 mi south of intersection of Sloatsburg Road and 

New York State border; Sloatsburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

165—Homogeneous plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Pochuck Mountain, 0.43 mi due east of intersection of Wallkill 

Road and Glenwood Mountain Road; Unionville 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

530—Biotite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. County House 

Mountain, 0.56 mi north of intersection of Pohatcong Creek 

and Valley Road; Washington 7.5-min quadrangle.

91—Biotite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Jenny Jump 

Mountain, 0.80 mi north of intersection of Shades of Death 

Road and New Jersey Route 611; Blairstown 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

352—Garnet-biotite-plagioclase-quartz-K-feldspar gneiss. Hamburg Mountain, northeast of small pond, 0.35 mi southeast of 

intersection of New Jersey Routes 94 and 517; Hamburg 

7.5-min quadrangle. 

G159—K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz gneiss. South of ridge crest, 

0.37 mi east of intersection of Wanaque River and New Jersey 

Route 511; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min quadrangle.

340—Biotite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Southwest of 

intersection of powerlines, 1,250 ft west-northwest of intersection of Sussex Turnpike and Ironia Road; Mendham 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

415—Hornblende-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. East side 

of ridge, 650 ft west-northwest of north end of Lake Sonoma; 

Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

C81—Medium-grained, strongly lineated monazite-biotite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. East side of Tanners Brook, 

0.46 mi southwest of intersection of New Jersey Route 24 and 

East Valley Brook Road; Chester 7.5-min quadrangle.

19—Medium-grained, foliated monazite-hornblende-plagioclaseK-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Along Indian Grove Brook, intersection of Hardscrabble and Lloyd Roads; Bernardsville 

7.5-min quadrangle. 
C48 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 5. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of microcline gneiss (Ym), New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others, 1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor,

Mich. Sample localities are described below]

155 1020 72 W8 51

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 73.00 74.20 73.80 71.90 77.00

TiO2 .......................... .36 .12 .17 .16 .23

Al2O3 ........................ 12.50 12.10 12.80 12.70 10.40

Fe2O3 ........................ 2.56 .70 1.57 2.39 2.52

FeO............................ 1.90 .80 .10 1.40 .80

MgO.......................... 1.04 .75 .18 1.22 .12

CaO ........................... 1.27 .69 .57 .39 .08

Na2O ......................... 1.58 .75 4.01 3.41 .84

K2O ........................... 5.18 7.45 5.08 6.40 7.47

P2O5 .......................... .07 .03 .03 .03 .02

MnO.......................... .04 .05 .01 .01 .07

LOI............................ .77 1.16 .85 .31 .31

Total..................... 100.27 98.80 99.17 100.32 99.86

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 640 1,500 1,600 890 1,800

Cr .............................. 20 20 30 21 21

Nb.............................. 30 20 <10 10 30

Rb.............................. 130 140 160 220 220

Sr............................... 70 70 110 150 90

Y................................ 90 50 30 40 140

Zr............................... 390 170 200 170 1,000

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 39.52 38.45 29.78 25.12 43.23

Or .............................. 30.61 44.03 30.20 37.82 44.15

Ab.............................. 13.37 6.35 33.93 28.85 7.11

An.............................. 5.84 3.23 1.92 .45 .27

C................................ 2.15 1.62 — — .84

Di .............................. — — .42 1.02 —

Hy.............................. 3.44 2.65 .25 2.91 .30

Mt.............................. 3.71 1.01 — 3.47 2.14

Il................................ .68 .23 .23 .30 .44

Hem........................... — — 1.57 — 1.04

Ti............................... — — .12 — —

Ap.............................. .16 .07 .07 .07 .05

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 5

155—Medium-fine- to medium-grained, well-layered sillimanitegarnet-biotite-plagioclase-quartz-K-feldspar gneiss. Sand and 

gravel pit, east side of New Jersey Route 517, 0.45 mi west of 

west end of Rocker Pond; Stanhope 7.5-min quadrangle.

1020—Layered garnet-biotite-quartz-K-feldspar gneiss. West side 

of Houses Corners Road, 0.56 mi south of Woodruffs Gap; 

Newton East 7.5-min quadrangle.

72—Biotite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Bowling Green 

Mountain, 0.72 mi northeast of south end of Lake Swannanoa; 

Franklin 7.5-min quadrangle.

W8—Layered hornblende-biotite-plagioclase-quartz-K-feldspar 

gneiss. East side of Canistear Road, 0.21 mi north of 

intersection with Cherry Ridge Brook; Wawayanda 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

51—Sillimanite-biotite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz gneiss. 

North side of private road, Panther Valley, 0.50 mi west-northwest of south end of Allamuchy Pond; Tranquility 7.5-min 

quadrangle.
TABLE 6 C49

Table 6. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Yb), New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others, 1987). Analyses

by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich., for all samples but two; analyses of samples G13 and D2 by U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. NA, not

analyzed. Sample localities are described following this table]

Rusty-weathering

G13 T42 H65 130 C79 115 M1 71 192 P2 44 

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ....................... 72.90 52.80 66.60 54.90 88.60 71.20 82.60 70.90 77.50 72.50 66.40

TiO2 ....................... .27 1.32 1.16 1.13 .34 .68 .59 0.66 .19 .82 .56

Al2O3 ..................... 13.70 19.70 14.80 23.40 5.20 14.20 7.98 13.20 11.80 13.30 16.50

Fe2O3 ..................... 1.60 6.20 2.47 2.45 .60 1.02 1.39 1.98 .79 1.84 .68

FeO ........................ .80 5.90 4.10 2.80 .80 2.30 1.50 2.80 .80 3.80 1.90

MgO....................... .59 .71 1.57 2.11 .55 1.36 1.07 1.43 .51 1.57 2.00

CaO........................ 1.10 1.53 3.24 .51 .18 2.85 1.15 1.72 1.32 .47 4.35

Na2O...................... 3.50 .89 2.83 2.48 .61 3.38 1.48 2.18 3.25 .73 4.42

K2O........................ 4.20 9.05 2.46 7.39 1.78 2.27 1.26 4.06 3.17 3.76 1.66

P2O5....................... .10 .60 .49 .08 .03 .10 .04 .07 .03 .05 .41

MnO....................... .02 .49 .09 .03 .03 .03 .03 .19 .01 .05 .02

LOI ........................ 1.06 1.00 .31 1.93 .85 .62 .85 .62 .70 1.00 .77

Total.................. 99.84 100.19 100.12 99.21 99.57 100.01 99.94 99.81 100.07 99.89 99.67

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba........................... NA 930 450 1,000 520 410 350 790 920 890 290

Cr ........................... NA <10 30 90 30 40 50 50 10 70 50

Nb .......................... NA 20 20 30 <10 20 10 <10 <10 20 10

Rb .......................... NA 350 120 230 60 120 60 140 110 120 90

Sr ........................... NA 140 180 120 90 330 100 180 260 100 390

Y ............................ NA 70 50 120 30 10 40 40 <10 50 40

Zr ........................... NA 490 310 300 190 260 370 260 150 260 90

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ......................... 33.51 8.32 31.12 7.58 76.91 33.94 64.91 35.80 42.72 48.75 22.26

Or........................... 24.82 53.48 14.54 43.67 10.52 13.42 7.45 23.99 18.73 22.22 9.81

Ab .......................... 29.62 7.53 23.95 20.99 5.16 28.60 12.52 18.45 27.50 6.18 37.40

An .......................... 4.80 3.67 12.87 2.01 .70 13.49 5.44 8.08 6.35 2.01 18.90

C ............................ 1.64 7.10 2.76 10.59 2.01 1.24 2.19 2.26 .69 7.29 .51

Di ........................... ————— ————— —

Hy .......................... 1.47 6.21 7.65 6.56 1.84 5.70 3.35 6.33 1.79 8.11 7.02

Mt .......................... 1.86 8.99 3.58 3.55 .87 1.48 2.02 2.87 1.15 2.67 .99

Il............................. .51 2.51 2.20 2.15 .65 1.29 1.12 1.25 .36 1.56 1.06

Hem ....................... .32 — — — — — — ————

Ap .......................... .23 1.39 1.14 .19 .07 .23 .09 .16 .07 .12 .95
C50 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 6. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of biotite-quartzfeldspar gneiss (Yb), New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Pinkish-gray-weathering

GL13 WQ311 12 D2 333 30 4

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ....................... 67.60 67.00 64.30 76.60 75.30 65.90 67.90

TiO2 ....................... .71 .67 .86 .45 .49 .72 .49

Al2O3 ..................... 13.80 13.70 16.30 13.10 11.30 16.10 13.80

Fe2O3 ..................... 2.53 3.93 3.82 .62 2.40 1.41 1.87

FeO ........................ 2.10 2.20 3.70 .44 1.60 1.40 5.40

MgO....................... 1.86 1.80 2.86 .29 1.14 2.61 1.73

CaO........................ 2.00 .66 2.06 .61 1.44 1.66 1.18

Na2O...................... 3.34 3.76 2.77 3.40 2.59 6.37 2.49

K2O........................ 4.34 5.43 3.15 4.20 2.98 3.32 3.84

P2O5....................... .18 .10 .08 .02 .10 .13 .06

MnO....................... .02 .01 .04 .01 .08 .01 .17

LOI ........................ .54 .47 .47 .75 .47 .31 .14

Total .................. 99.02 99.73 100.41 100.49 99.89 99.94 99.07

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba........................... 710 610 570 NA 880 440 1,200

Cr ........................... 70 70 89 NA 110 84 20

Nb .......................... <10 30 <10 NA 30 20 20

Rb .......................... 160 180 150 NA 120 130 130

Sr............................ 120 30 90 NA 150 100 100

Y ............................ 10 30 50 NA 40 60 30

Zr ........................... 180 170 210 NA 250 200 140

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ......................... 24.72 20.53 26.64 39.06 44.19 9.35 30.19

Or........................... 25.65 32.09 18.62 24.82 17.61 19.62 22.69

Ab .......................... 28.26 31.82 23.44 28.77 21.92 53.90 21.07

An .......................... 8.75 2.62 9.70 2.90 6.49 5.53 5.46

C ............................ .40 .68 4.78 1.90 1.44 — 3.55

Di ........................... — — — — — 1.45 —

Hy .......................... 5.26 4.48 9.42 .72 3.13 6.06 12.19

Mt .......................... 3.67 5.18 5.54 .15 3.48 2.04 2.71

Il............................. 1.35 1.27 1.63 .85 .93 1.37 .93

Hem ....................... — .36 — .52 — — —

Ap .......................... .42 .23 .19 .05 .23 .30 .14
TABLE 6 C51

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 6

G13—Medium-to medium-coarse-grained, foliated graphite-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. West side of ridge, northeast end of 

Ravine Lake; Gladstone 7.5-min quadrangle.

T42—Sillimanite-garnet-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. North side 

of ridge, east of New Jersey Route 613 at Alphano; Tranquility 

7.5-min quadrangle. 

H65—Graphite-sillimanite-garnet-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. 

West side of Fairmount Road, 0.80 mi north of intersection 

with Tanners Brook; Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

130—Graphite-sillimanite-biotite-feldspar gneiss. North side of 

Stephensburg Road, 0.9 mi north of Pleasant Grove; Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

C79—Graphite-biotite-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Along Frog Hollow 

Brook, intersection of Frog Hollow and Beavers Roads; Califon 7.5-min quadrangle.

115—Graphite-garnet-sillimanite-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. 

Along North Branch Raritan River, 0.44 mi northeast of intersection of Willow Avenue and Hub Hollow Road; Gladstone 

7.5-min quadrangle. 

M1—Graphite-biotite-feldspar-quartz gneiss. Small ridge 400 ft 

west of Sunrise Lake; Mendham 7.5-min quadrangle.

71—Garnet-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. West bank of Lamington River, 0.57 mi south of intersection of New Jersey Route 

24 and Hacklebarney State Park Road; Chester 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

192—Hornblende-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Along unnamed 

stream west of Hell Mountain, 0.63 mi south of Mountainville; 

Califon 7.5-min quadrangle.

P2—Graphite-garnet-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. West side of 

Matthews Avenue, 300 ft west of north end of Suntan Lake; 

Pompton Plains 7.5-min quadrangle.

44—Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. East side of Erie Railroad 

tracks. 0.16 mi west of intersection of New Jersey Route 511 

and Storms Avenue; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

GL13—Garnet-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. West side of 

unnamed stream, north of Ringwood Avenue, 0.35 mi 

northeast of powerline substation; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

WQ311—Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. East side of Federal Hill, 

0.50 mi north of Pompton Junction; Wanaque 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

12—Sillimanite-garnet-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Along powerline, 0.31 mi east of water tower at Peters Mine, northwest of 

Ringwood Mill Pond; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min quadrangle.

D2—Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Northbound New Jersey 

Route 15, 1.2 mi north of intersection with Taylor Road; 

Dover 7.5-min quadrangle.

333—Sillimanite-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Oxford Mountain, 

west of powerline, 0.32 mi north of Bowerstown Road; Washington 7.5-min quadrangle.

30—Biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. West side of ridge, approximately 300 ft east of Burnt Meadow Road, 450 ft, south of 

powerline; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min quadrangle.

4—Garnet-biotite-quartz-feldspar gneiss. North side of small ridge 

crest, 1,400 ft north of Park Road, 1,500 ft west of Interstate-80; Morristown 7.5-min quadrangle.
C52 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 7. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and

CIPW norms of hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Ymh), New

Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents

were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others, 1987).

Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Sample localities are described below]

100 WA311 H147

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 67.70 68.20 66.10

TiO2 ........................... .57 .47 .43

Al2O3......................... 14.90 12.90 14.50

Fe2O3......................... 1.55 3.41 4.40

FeO ............................ 3.20 3.80 2.90

MgO .......................... .39 .30 .22

CaO............................ 2.87 1.72 1.00

Na2O.......................... 3.47 4.04 2.95

K2O............................ 4.91 5.06 6.63

P2O5........................... .15 .07 .04

MnO .......................... .06 .11 .29

LOI ............................ .39 .23 .54

Total ..................... 100.16 100.31 100.00

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. 1,400 410 440

Cr............................... 14 22 17

Nb .............................. 20 70 60

Rb .............................. 130 150 160

Sr ............................... 310 50 80

Y ................................ 60 200 210

Zr ............................... 650 930 1,200

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................. 21.28 21.05 20.51

Or............................... 29.02 29.90 39.18

Ab .............................. 29.36 34.19 24.96

An .............................. 10.58 2.12 4.70

C ................................ — — .75

Di............................... 2.31 5.17 —

Hy .............................. 3.54 1.66 2.07

Mt .............................. 2.25 4.94 6.38

Il ................................ 1.08 .89 .82

Ap .............................. .35 .16 .09

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 7

100—Medium-grained, foliated garnet-hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Along Cannonball Trail, east side of Rocky Mountain, 0.50 mi east-northeast of south end of Bear Swamp Lake; 

Ramsey 7.5-min quadrangle. 

WA311—Titanite-hornblende-feldspar-quartz gneiss. West side of 

unnamed stream, west of New Jersey Route 515, 0.50 mi west 

of north end of Mastodon Lake; Wawayanda 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

H147—Garnet-hornblende-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Northeast side 

of unimproved road at bend, 0.53 mi east-northeast of east end 

of Mud Pond; Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.
TABLE 8 C53

Table 8. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss (Ymp), New

Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others, 1987).

Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Sample localities are described following this table]

238 95 S381 243 WA200 426 299 692

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 66.30 74.50 71.80 60.80 73.80 74.30 59.40 70.40

TiO2 ......................... .66 .28 .53 .62 .27 .33 1.65 .27

Al2O3 ........................ 10.20 12.60 12.80 12.10 12.50 13.20 14.70 13.80

Fe2O3 ........................ 5.75 1.49 2.35 2.75 1.65 1.77 4.78 1.50

FeO ......................... 2.80 .90 1.20 2.70 .60 .30 3.90 .60

MgO ......................... 1.50 .27 .60 2.46 .30 .39 1.62 .33

CaO ......................... 3.87 1.23 2.01 6.65 1.06 .43 4.37 1.45

Na2O ......................... 2.00 3.66 4.02 1.50 3.86 5.29 4.74 3.87

K2O ......................... 5.42 4.65 4.13 7.60 5.41 3.83 4.04 5.58

P2O5 ......................... .14 .06 .10 .17 .05 .04 .48 .09

MnO ......................... .15 .03 .06 .10 .03 .02 .12 .05

LOI ......................... .70 .31 .08 .85 .08 .54 .31 .20

Total ..................... 99.49 99.98 99.68 98.30 99.61 100.44 100.11 98.14

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 1,300 620 710 2,700 340 530 1,400 780

Cr .............................. 70 10 10 60 32 35 20 <10

Nb.............................. 10 30 40 <10 20 <10 40 30

Rb.............................. 160 160 110 290 150 90 70 140

Sr............................... 70 90 110 160 80 50 260 180

Y................................ 70 60 70 40 50 40 90 50

Zr............................... 180 210 230 170 220 310 400 260

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 27.12 32.86 28.69 10.76 28.95 27.68 8.13 23.79

Or .............................. 32.03 27.48 24.41 44.91 31.97 22.63 23.88 32.98

Ab.............................. 16.92 30.97 34.02 12.69 32.66 44.76 40.11 32.75

An.............................. 2.85 4.22 4.68 3.84 .80 .96 6.90 3.80

Wo............................. 2.12 — .21 2.99 .86 — — .22

Di .............................. 8.06 1.16 3.22 16.69 1.61 .71 9.22 1.77

Hy.............................. — .15 — — — .64 .39 —

Mt.............................. 7.60 2.16 2.53 3.99 1.25 .08 6.93 1.31

Il................................ 1.25 .53 1.01 1.18 .51 .63 3.13 .51

Hem........................... .51 — .61 — .79 1.72 — .59

Ap.............................. .32 .14 .23 .39 .12 .09 1.11 .21
C54 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 8

238—Foliated epidote-clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Crest 

of small ridge, 1,250 ft northwest of intersection of Naughright and Mission Roads; Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

95—Hornblende-clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Southwest end of ridge, east of New Jersey Route 206, 0.57 mi north 

of intersection of Central Railroad of New Jersey tracks and 

Hillside Avenue; Chester 7.5-min quadrangle.

S381—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Northeast 

end of ridge crest, 0.30 mi north of Interstate-80, 0.55 mi 

east-northeast of north end of Lake Rogerine; Stanhope 

7.5-min quadrangle.

243—Titanite-epidote-clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss. 

Along ridge crest, west of Clinton Road, 800 ft northwest of 

southwest end of Bearfort Waters; Wawayanda 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

WA200—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss. South 

side of Double Pond Road, 1,600 ft southeast of northeast end 

of Wawayanda Lake; Wawayanda 7.5-min quadrangle.

426—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Along Burnt 

Meadow Brook, 0.65 mi east of intersection with Burnt 

Meadow Road; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

299—Medium-coarse-grained, quartz-clinopyroxene-feldspar gneiss. 

Interlayered with hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. Musconetcong Mountain, 200 ft west of Hackett Road, 0.31 mi 

south of powerline; High Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.

692—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Interlayered 

with clinopyroxene-hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. 

North side of draw between ridge crests, Allamuchy State 

Park, 0.50 mi south of Strawberry Point, Cranberry Lake; 

Stanhope 7.5-min quadrangle. 
TABLE 9 C55

Table 9. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW

norms of diopsidite and transitional rock, New Jersey Highlands.

[GL-N is a rock type transitional between diopsidite and quartz-poor pyroxene

gneiss (type A). Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO

contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others,

1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich., for all samples but one; analysis of sample GL-N by U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.

NA, not analyzed. Sample localities are described following this table]

Diopsidite Transitional rock

647P 265 GL-N

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2............................ 49.20 49.60 54.80

TiO2............................ .39 .46 .15

Al2O3 ......................... 9.82 4.82 6.70

Fe2O3 ......................... 2.18 2.84 .70

FeO............................. 3.50 3.50 3.10

MgO ........................... 9.73 13.10 12.30

CaO ............................ 20.20 23.60 18.30

Na2O .......................... 1.24 .43 1.70

K2O ............................ .98 .16 .88

P2O5 ........................... .32 .01 .02

MnO ........................... .15 .19 .12

LOI............................. 1.90 1.23 .83

Total ...................... 99.61 99.94 99.60

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba ............................... 140 <10 NA

Cr................................ <10 <10 NA

Nb............................... 20 <10 NA

Rb............................... 50 10 NA

Sr................................ 140 50 NA

Y................................. 20 30 NA

Zr................................ 180 90 NA

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Or ............................... 5.79 — 5.20

Ab............................... 3.16 — 14.39

An............................... 18.34 10.75 8.05

Lc ............................... — .74 —

Ne............................... 3.97 1.97 —

Wo .............................. 1.53 1.71 —

Di................................ 60.28 77.28 65.36

Hy............................... — — 3.39

Ol................................ — — 1.05

Cs ............................... — 1.24 —

Mt............................... 3.16 4.12 1.01

Il ................................. .74 .87 .28

Ap............................... .74 .02 .05
C56 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 9

647P—Medium-grained, poorly foliated plagioclase-clinopyroxene rock. Approximately 500 ft northwest of sample 692; 

Stanhope 7.5-min quadrangle.

265—Medium-grained clinopyroxene rock interlayered with 

quartz-poor titanite-clinopyroxene-plagioclase gneiss and clinopyroxene-hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. Southeast 

side of Allamuchy Mountain, 900 ft west of New Jersey Route 

604, 0.55 mi south-southwest of southeast end of Deer Park 

Pond; Tranquility 7.5-min quadrangle.

GL-N—Titanite-plagioclase-clinopyroxene rock. Interlayered with 

quartz-poor titanite-clinopyroxene-plagioclase gneiss (sample 

242, tables 10, 11). Along west side of Lamington River, north 

of Pottersville, 400 ft north of gaging station; Gladstone 

7.5-min quadrangle.
TABLE 10 C57

Table 10. Major-oxide concentrations in clinopyroxenes and

plagioclase in sample 242 of pyroxene gneiss (Yp) from the

New Jersey Highlands.

[Major-oxide concentrations in weight percent were determined by

microprobe analysis by John Puffer on a JEOL Superprobe at Rutgers

University. The sample locality is described below. Other data for sample 242 are given in table 11]

*All Fe reported as FeO.

Clinopyroxene Plagioclase

SiO2 .......................... 51.33 52.05 62.91

TiO2 .......................... .20 .15 .00

Al2O3 ........................ 1.62 1.72 24.05

FeO* ......................... 12.66 12.61 .14

MgO.......................... 12.01 11.84 .00

CaO........................... 20.28 19.92 4.46

Na2O ......................... .72 .76 8.73

K2O........................... .00 .00 .32

Total ..................... 98.82 99.05 100.61

Sample Description and Collection Locality—Table 10

242—Quartz-poor titanite-clinopyroxene-plagioclase gneiss. 

Along west side of Lamington River, north of Pottersville, 400 ft 

north of gaging station; Gladstone 7.5-min quadrangle.
C58 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 11. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of pyroxene gneiss (Yp), New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others, 1987).

Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Sample localities are described following this table. Major-oxide ratios for the three

geochemical types of pyroxene gneiss are given in table 12]

Type A Type B1 Type B2

M284 242 260 63 121 384 259 1045 58

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 52.80 56.60 59.20 65.40 67.50 67.60 68.20 67.90 75.80

TiO2 ........................... .87 .99 .44 .65 .73 .64 .51 .16 .57

Al2O3......................... 11.80 10.80 11.70 14.80 14.00 14.70 13.10 16.80 10.30

Fe2O3......................... 2.30 3.44 3.36 2.13 2.58 .96 0.93 .45 1.17

FeO ............................ 7.50 5.00 3.90 2.20 1.30 1.90 2.60 .70 1.20

MgO .......................... 3.61 5.09 3.45 1.42 1.56 1.40 1.98 .74 1.44

CaO............................ 18.30 10.80 9.05 5.06 3.87 4.83 5.36 3.10 2.54

Na2O.......................... 1.90 5.39 6.63 6.42 6.20 6.92 5.05 5.00 2.34

K2O............................ .79 .52 .70 .90 .78 .31 1.53 3.97 2.64

P2O5........................... .14 .63 .64 .16 .16 .19 .02 .07 .14

MnO .......................... .19 .11 .06 .12 .06 .15 .05 .03 .04

LOI ............................ .23 .47 .62 .85 .62 .62 .77 .16 1.54

Total...................... 100.43 99.84 99.75 100.11 99.36 100.22 100.10 99.08 99.72

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. 40 130 40 130 290 150 220 670 380

Cr............................... 50 100 40 <10 40 110 40 20 45

Nb .............................. 20 30 30 20 20 20 10 20 30

Rb .............................. 30 20 20 20 30 20 50 100 100

Sr ............................... 380 70 70 260 180 230 180 170 180

Y ................................ <10 80 80 90 40 90 50 <10 160

Zr ............................... 100 220 110 230 240 250 90 10 240

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................. 4.41 1.94 2.28 14.72 20.46 16.54 20.97 16.45 45.13

Or............................... 4.67 3.07 4.14 5.32 4.61 1.83 9.04 23.46 15.60

Ab .............................. 16.08 45.61 56.10 54.32 52.46 58.56 42.73 42.31 19.80

An .............................. 21.34 3.74 .10 8.91 8.07 8.13 8.56 11.67 9.80

Wo ............................. 8.72 .10 3.70 .97 — .37 — — —

Di............................... 39.68 36.57 25.62 10.32 7.85 11.13 14.61 2.61 1.48

Hy .............................. — — — — .24 — 1.05 1.29 3.26

Mt .............................. 3.33 4.99 4.87 3.09 2.27 1.39 1.35 .65 1.70

Il ................................ 1.65 1.88 .84 1.23 1.39 1.22 .97 .30 1.08

Hem ........................... — — — — 1.01 — — — —

Ap .............................. .32 1.46 1.48 .37 .37 .44 .05 .16 .32
TABLE 11 C59

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 11

M284—Medium-grained, well-layered graphite-titanite-clinopyroxene-plagioclase gneiss. South side of Sussex Turnpike, 

1,250 ft southeast of intersection with Morris Turnpike; 

Mendham 7.5-min quadrangle.

242—Quartz-poor titanite-clinopyroxene-plagioclase gneiss. 

Along west side of Lamington River, north of Pottersville, 400 

ft north of gaging station; Gladstone 7.5-min quadrangle.

260—Titanite-clinopyroxene-plagioclase gneiss. East side of Canistear Road, 0.35 mi south of south end of Highland Lake; 

Wawayanda 7.5-min quadrangle.

63—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Crest of 

Jenny Jump Mountain, 0.28 mi northwest of south end of 

unnamed pond and Mountain Lake Brook; Blairstown 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

121—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Ridge 

west of Stony Brook, 250 ft northeast of end of Crest Drive; 

Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

384—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Interlayered with thin hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. West side 

of Jenny Jump Mountain, 0.43 mi south-southwest of intersection of Beaver Brook and New Jersey Route 519; Washington 

7.5-min quadrangle.

259—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. West end 

of ridge, north of South Branch Raritan River, 0.53 mi southwest of intersection of New Jersey Route 513 and Hoffmans 

Crossing Road; Califon 7.5-min quadrangle.

1045—Titanite-hornblende-clinopyroxene-quartz-feldspar gneiss. 

North side of Sussex Mills Road, 0.95 mi northwest of 

intersection with Fox Hollow Road; Newton East 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

58—Epidote-titanite-clinopyroxene-feldspar-quartz gneiss. East 

side of Long House Drive, 0.57 mi north of intersection with 

Lake Shore Drive; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min quadrangle.
C60 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 12. Major-oxide ratios for the three geochemical types of pyroxene gneiss (Yp), New

Jersey Highlands.

[Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of all samples but one are in table 11;

data for sample GL-N are in table 9]

*All Fe reported as Fe2O3.

Samples in table 12 are described in sample descriptions for tables 9–11

Sample Fe2O3*+MgO Al2O3/SiO2 Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O) K2O/Na2O

Transitional rock

[GL-N is a rock type transitional between diopsidite and SiO2-poor pyroxene gneiss]

GL-N ........................ 16.10 0.12 0.34 0.52

SiO2-poor pyroxene gneiss (type A)

M284 ........................ 13.41 0.22 0.58 0.42

242............................ 13.53 .19 .67 .10

260............................ 10.71 .20 .75 .11

SiO2-rich pyroxene gneiss having intermediate CaO contents (type B1)

63.............................. 5.75 0.23 1.29 0.14

121............................ 5.44 .21 1.39 .13

384............................ 4.26 .22 1.25 .04

259............................ 5.51 .19 1.26 .30

SiO2-rich pyroxene gneiss having low CaO contents (type B2)

1045........................... 1.89 0.25 2.07 0.79

58............................... 3.81 .14 2.11 1.13
TABLE 13 C61

Table 13. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of pyroxene-epidote gneiss (Ype) and quartz-epidote

gneiss (Ye), New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others, 1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Sample localities are described following this table]

Pyroxene-epidote gneiss (Ype) Quartz-epidote 

gneiss (Ye)

 F85 369 H380 417 B42 T37 224 417E

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2..................... 77.90 73.40 73.70 70.50 71.80 56.50 62.10 72.40

TiO2..................... .46 .62 .69 .55 .72 1.02 .96 .71

Al2O3 .................. 8.48 10.30 9.69 11.00 10.30 13.20 11.40 10.90

Fe2O3 .................. 1.15 4.86 5.65 4.32 3.31 6.04 5.78 4.15

FeO...................... .40 .60 .30 .40 1.70 3.10 1.90 .10

MgO .................... .87 .76 1.16 1.28 1.23 3.10 1.80 .71

CaO ..................... 3.76 1.99 3.25 5.84 6.81 8.21 8.93 7.54

Na2O ................... .63 1.48 .93 .38 1.68 2.33 1.21 2.39

K2O ..................... 3.65 4.88 3.41 2.44 1.38 4.31 1.53 .07

P2O5 .................... .08 .12 .12 .12 .15 .25 .26 .17

MnO .................... .04 .06 .14 .14 .07 .18 .17 .10

LOI...................... .62 .70 .75 1.55 .93 .93 2.47 .35

Total ................ 98.04 99.77 99.79 98.52 100.08 99.17 98.51 99.59

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba ........................ 560 590 610 100 330 770 410 <50

Cr......................... 30 270 150 20 80 70 60 60

Nb........................ 30 40 50 40 40 10 10 30

Rb........................ 130 130 100 50 50 130 70 <10

Sr......................... 150 110 130 80 200 310 80 280

Y.......................... 40 90 80 100 40 30 30 20

Zr......................... 150 610 860 610 510 200 240 400

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz....................... 52.99 41.50 47.56 46.40 44.27 10.62 32.75 45.27

Or ........................ 21.57 28.84 20.15 14.42 8.16 25.47 9.04 .41

Ab........................ 5.33 12.52 7.87 3.22 14.22 19.72 10.24 20.22

An........................ 9.53 7.05 12.20 21.10 16.49 12.83 21.16 18.81

Wo ....................... 1.08 — — — 3.27 2.04 3.77 4.55

Di......................... 4.67 1.59 1.91 5.52 6.61 16.65 9.67 3.81

Hy........................ — 1.16 2.00 .63 — — — —

Mt........................ .09 .33 — .15 3.62 7.62 3.90 —

Il .......................... .87 1.18 .93 1.04 1.37 1.94 1.82 .43

Hem..................... 1.09 4.63 5.65 4.22 .81 .78 3.09 4.15

Ti ......................... — — .49 — — — — 1.19

Ap........................ .19 .28 .28 .28 .35 .58 .60 .39
C62 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 13

F85—Medium-grained, layered titanite-epidote-clinopyroxenefeldspar-quartz gneiss. Immediately north of dam, north end of 

Tamarack Lake; Franklin 7.5-min quadrangle.

369—Biotite-clinopyroxene-epidote-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Hamburg Mountain, along unnamed stream, 0.37 mi south-southeast of intersection of New Jersey Routes 517 and 94; 

Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

HM380—Biotite-epidote-clinopyroxene-feldspar-quartz gneiss.

Hamburg Mountain, west of powerline, 0.29 mi southeast of 

intersection of New Jersey Route 517 and Old Rudetown 

Road; Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

417—Clinopyroxene-epidote-quartz-feldspar gneiss. Interlayered 

with epidote-plagioclase-quartz gneiss (sample 417E, table 

13). Hamburg Mountain, east side of unimproved road, 

0.32 mi east of intersection of New Jersey Routes 517 and 94; 

Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

B42—Titanite-clinopyroxene-epidote-feldspar-quartz gneiss. 

Southeast side of intersection of Shades of Death Road and 

New Jersey Route 611, Marble Hill; Blairstown 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

T37—Titanite-hornblende-clinopyroxene-epidote-feldspar gneiss. 

Eastbound Interstate-80, 0.58 mi east of intersection with New 

Jersey Route 613; Tranquility 7.5-min quadrangle.

224—Titanite-clinopyroxene-quartz-epidote-feldspar gneiss. 

South side of High Rock Mountain, 0.40 mi northeast of intersection of Beechwood and Free Union Roads; Washington 

7.5-min quadrangle.

417E—Well-layered epidote-plagioclase-quartz gneiss. Same 

location as sample 417; Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.
TABLE 14 C63

Table 14. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of Byram Intrusive Suite rocks, New

Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson

and others, 1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich., for all samples but two; analyses of samples 999

and D1 by U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. NA, not analyzed. Sample localities are described following this table]

 Hornblende granite (Ybh)

999 M65 M291 C66 613 WQ200 B8

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 77.50 69.10 70.30 71.60 74.80 70.70 73.60

TiO2 .......................... .46 .49 .43 .24 .23 .55 .17

Al2O3 ........................ 10.00 13.00 13.70 12.60 13.00 13.50 14.00

Fe2O3 ........................ 1.00 1.95 1.70 1.62 .40 2.09 .12

FeO............................ 1.80 3.60 2.20 2.10 1.10 2.70 1.11

MgO.......................... 1.00 .27 .30 .15 .25 .39 .16

CaO ........................... 1.50 1.86 1.45 1.56 1.34 1.57 .81

Na2O ......................... .82 3.12 2.79 3.03 2.97 3.44 3.12

K2O ........................... 4.50 5.15 5.75 4.91 5.52 5.06 5.69

P2O5 .......................... .10 .09 .09 .02 .04 .10 .04

MnO.......................... .04 .08 .06 .04 .03 .06 .02

LOI............................ 1.34 .47 .77 .77 .23 .08 .85

Total..................... 100.06 99.18 99.54 98.64 99.91 100.24 99.69

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. NA 1,300 1,200 470 800 810 680

Cr .............................. NA <10 10 10 10 10 30

Nb.............................. NA 20 20 20 <10 50 <10

Rb.............................. NA 170 170 160 190 140 130

Sr............................... NA 100 140 70 100 80 120

Y................................ NA 100 120 300 50 90 50

Zr............................... NA 750 480 390 270 880 740

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 50.38 25.64 27.84 30.96 32.76 26.70 31.04

Or .............................. 26.59 30.44 33.98 29.02 32.62 29.90 33.63

Ab.............................. 6.94 26.40 23.61 25.64 25.13 29.11 26.40

An.............................. 6.54 6.26 6.61 6.28 5.84 6.45 3.76

C................................ 1.39 — .47 — — — 1.33

Di .............................. — 2.08 — 1.16 .47 .58 —

Hy.............................. 4.28 3.93 2.78 1.97 1.75 3.11 2.09

Mt.............................. 1.45 2.83 2.46 2.35 .58 3.03 .17

Il................................ .87 .93 .82 .46 .44 1.04 .32

Hem........................... — — — — — — —

Ap.............................. .23 .21 .21 .05 .09 .23 .09

Cc.............................. .09 — — — — — —
C64 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 14. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of Byram Intrusive Suite rocks, New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Hornblende granite (Ybh)—Continued

9 148 359 263 C10 193 H393 99

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 73.10 69.30 68.20 70.90 72.90 68.10 72.00 73.70

TiO2........................... .12 .51 .58 .51 .35 .55 .29 .19

Al2O3......................... 13.70 13.50 13.80 12.30 12.50 14.00 12.00 13.50

Fe2O3......................... .10 2.10 1.88 2.40 1.70 2.07 1.56 1.35

FeO............................ .92 2.70 3.90 3.50 2.00 3.30 2.60 .60

MgO .......................... .22 .41 .41 .28 .30 .47 .24 .12

CaO ........................... 1.12 1.92 2.10 1.93 1.32 2.35 1.43 .73

Na2O.......................... 3.68 3.25 3.18 3.31 2.76 3.09 3.50 4.54

K2O ........................... 5.33 5.50 5.23 4.38 5.79 5.63 5.13 4.42

P2O5 .......................... .03 .12 .13 .11 .08 .16 .04 .03

MnO .......................... .03 .08 .09 .07 .05 .08 .11 .02

LOI ............................ 1.00 .47 .08 .20 .01 .20 .25 .47

Total ..................... 99.35 99.86 99.58 99.89 99.76 100.00 99.15 99.67

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. 360 1,200 1,100 1,100 910 1,400 610 870

Cr............................... 30 20 <10 NA 50 10 <10 10

Nb.............................. <10 30 30 60 40 40 40 <10

Rb .............................. 170 170 140 130 150 140 130 80

Sr ............................... 120 140 150 130 140 150 80 170

Y................................ 70 90 110 100 110 80 160 <10

Zr............................... 870 610 600 1,300 450 620 810 170

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 28.04 24.40 23.10 29.61 31.13 22.29 28.30 28.72

Or............................... 31.50 32.50 30.91 25.88 34.22 33.27 30.32 26.12

Ab.............................. 31.14 27.50 26.91 28.01 23.35 26.15 29.62 38.42

An.............................. 5.12 6.01 7.94 5.77 4.62 7.70 1.88 3.40

C ................................ — — — — — — — —

Di............................... .20 2.33 1.42 2.68 1.20 2.50 4.30 .02

Hy.............................. 1.91 2.36 5.10 3.03 1.92 3.48 1.57 .29

Mt .............................. .14 3.04 2.73 3.48 2.46 3.00 2.26 1.45

Il ................................ .23 .97 1.10 .97 .66 1.04 .55 .36

Hem........................... — — — — — — — .35

Ap.............................. .07 .28 .30 .25 .19 .37 .09 .07

Cc .............................. — — — — — — — —
TABLE 14 C65

Table 14. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of Byram Intrusive Suite

rocks, New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Hornblende granite (Ybh)—Continued Hornblende syenite (Ybs)

D1 C159 38 153 173 S147

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 67.60 67.60 66.30 60.80 63.50 61.60

TiO2........................... .87 .60 .46 .77 .58 .66

Al2O3......................... 13.40 14.40 16.00 17.30 14.90 17.10

Fe2O3......................... 3.40 2.03 1.32 2.53 3.54 3.07

FeO............................ 2.70 2.40 2.70 3.50 3.40 3.70

MgO .......................... .56 .65 0.36 1.17 0.45 .52

CaO ........................... 2.00 2.48 2.38 2.97 1.96 2.22

Na2O.......................... 3.00 3.53 5.20 3.92 4.38 4.50

K2O ........................... 4.40 4.51 4.79 6.17 5.74 6.59

P2O5 .......................... .15 .15 .08 .17 .09 .12

MnO .......................... .06 .03 .05 .07 .18 .17

LOI ............................ .55 .47 .08 .54 .47 .06

Total...................... 98.69 98.85 99.72 99.91 99.19 100.31

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. NA 1,500 1,300 1,800 530 1,100

Cr............................... NA 10 20 20 10 <10

Nb.............................. NA 10 40 30 50 20

Rb .............................. NA 100 70 160 100 90

Sr ............................... NA 300 230 500 70 150

Y................................ NA 70 60 60 150 60

Zr ............................... NA 460 910 780 1,400 1,500

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................. 28.32 23.39 11.95 5.78 11.31 4.12

Or............................... 26.00 26.65 28.31 36.46 33.92 38.95

Ab.............................. 25.39 29.87 44.00 33.17 37.06 38.08

An.............................. 8.75 10.13 6.17 11.39 4.04 7.00

C ................................ .49 — — — — —

Di............................... — .99 4.40 1.86 4.34 2.76

Hy.............................. 2.22 2.92 1.83 5.19 1.61 3.37

Mt .............................. 4.93 2.94 1.91 3.67 5.13 4.45

Il ................................ 1.65 1.14 .87 1.46 1.10 1.25

Hem ........................... — — — — — —

Ap.............................. .35 .35 .19 .39 .21 .28

Cc .............................. .07 — — — — —
C66 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 14. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of Byram

Intrusive Suite rocks, New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Hornblende syenite (Ybs)—Continued Microperthite

alaskite (Yba)

70 W291 313 6 H10

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 58.10 62.00 61.80 72.80 71.40

TiO2........................... .86 .91 .56 .10 .21

Al2O3......................... 18.50 15.30 17.00 14.00 14.50

Fe2O3......................... 2.20 4.23 3.20 .12 .12

FeO............................ 4.30 3.20 3.30 1.09 1.04

MgO .......................... 1.01 1.30 .42 .21 .53

CaO ........................... 4.62 3.88 1.69 .65 1.38

Na2O.......................... 5.00 4.21 5.08 4.09 2.81

K2O ........................... 4.33 3.54 5.90 5.31 5.84

P2O5 .......................... .32 .32 .15 .03 .07

MnO .......................... .12 .10 .09 .03 .02

LOI ............................ .47 .31 .23 .70 1.23

Total..................... 99.83 99.30 99.42 99.13 99.15

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. 2,000 1,500 1,300 470 830

Cr............................... 12 10 <10 20 40

Nb.............................. 20 30 30 <10 <10

Rb .............................. 60 100 110 140 190

Sr ............................... 510 360 250 100 290

Y................................ 40 60 60 <10 30

Zr............................... 760 670 1,200 380 380

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. .92 15.16 4.90 26.25 28.47

Or............................... 25.59 20.92 34.87 31.38 34.51

Ab.............................. 42.31 35.62 42.99 34.61 23.78

An.............................. 15.25 12.40 6.16 3.03 6.39

C ................................ — — — .41 1.22

Di............................... 4.72 3.82 1.06 — —

Hy.............................. 5.01 2.48 3.16 2.32 2.82

Mt .............................. 3.19 6.13 4.64 .17 .17

Il ................................ 1.63 1.73 1.06 .19 .40

Hem........................... — — — — —

Ap.............................. .74 .74 .35 .07 .16

Cc .............................. — — — — —
TABLE 14 C67

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 14

999—Medium- to medium-coarse-grained, foliated hornblende 

granite. East of Sparta, 0.53 mi east of intersection of New Jersey Routes 517 and 613; Newton East 7.5-min quadrangle.

M65—Hornblende granite. West side of Summit Road, 1,000 ft 

north of intersection with West Main Street; Mendham 

7.5-min quadrangle.

M291—Foliated clinopyroxene-hornblende granite. East side of 

steep ridge, south of powerline, 0.88 mi west-southwest of 

southwest end of Shongum Lake; Mendham 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

C66—Hornblende granite. East side of New Jersey Route 517, 

300 ft north of intersection with Saw Mill Road, Lower Fairmount; Califon 7.5-min quadrangle.

613—Hornblende granite. Northbound New Jersey Route 23, 

0.31 mi north of intersection with Macopin River; Newfoundland 7.5-min quadrangle.

WQ200—Medium-grained, gneissic hornblende granite. Approximately 500 ft north of powerline and 900 ft east of intersection 

with Ridge Road; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

B8—Hornblende granite. North side of unnamed stream, 500 ft 

north-northeast of intersection of Campbell Road and Stevens 

Lane; Bernardsville 7.5-min quadrangle.

9—Hornblende granite. Musconetcong Mountain, location uncertain; High Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.

148—Hornblende granite. East side of steep ridge, north of East 

Shore Road, 0.25 mi north-northwest of intersection of Jennings Creek and Wanaque River; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

359—Clinopyroxene-hornblende granite. Ridge crest along powerline, 0.38 mi southwest of intersection with Shongum Road; 

Mendham 7.5-min quadrangle.

263—Hornblende granite. East side of steep ridge, 0.21 mi north 

of intersection of railroad tracks and Skyline Drive; Wanaque 

7.5-min quadrangle.

C10—Hornblende granite. East side of North Branch Raritan 

River, 0.6 mi south of intersection of Roxciticus and Union 

School House Roads, Pleasant Valley; Chester 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

193—Hornblende granite. East side of ridge, west of Morsetown 

Road, 0.48 mi northwest of northwest end of Kitchell Lake; 

Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle. 

H393—Clinopyroxene-hornblende granite. Hamburg Mountain, 

0.64 mi south-southwest of intersection of New Jersey Route 

94 and Sand Hill Road; Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

99—Hornblende granite. Along North Branch Raritan River, 

immediately south of dam, south end of Ravine Lake; Gladstone 7.5-min quadrangle.

D1—Locally pegmatitic hornblende quartz syenite. Northbound 

New Jersey Route 15, 0.23 mi southeast of intersection of 

Cooper Road and southbound New Jersey Route 15, Tierneys 

Corner; Dover 7.5-min quadrangle.

C159—Hornblende quartz syenite. West side of New Jersey Route 

206, 250 ft north of intersection with Cooper Lane; Chester 

7.5-min quadrangle.

38—Hornblende quartz syenite. South side of trail, Middle Valley, 

0.20 mi southeast of southwest end of MacMillan Reservoir; 

Ramsey 7.5-min quadrangle.

153—Foliated hornblende syenite. North side of Mountain Avenue, 0.43 mi east of intersection with New Jersey Route 511; 

Pompton Plains 7.5-min quadrangle.

173—Hornblende syenite. South side of unnamed stream, 1,250 ft 

southeast of intersection with Musconetcong River, 0.76 mi 

southwest of intersection of New Jersey Route 517 and Kings 

Highway; Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

S147—Hornblende syenite. West side of New Jersey Route 605 in 

bend, 0.46 mi south of intersection with Amity Road; Stanhope 7.5-min quadrangle.

70—Gneissic hornblende monzonite. Eastbound Interstate-80, east 

end of rest area, 1.04 mi west of Sussex County boundary; 

Tranquility 7.5-min quadrangle.

W291—Hornblende monzonite. Ridge crest, east side Upper 

Pohatcong Mountain, 1.18 mi northwest of intersection of 

New Jersey Routes 57 and 629; Washington 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

313—Hornblende monzonite. Oxford Mountain, northbound New 

Jersey Route 31, 500 ft north of intersection with Tunnel Hill 

Road; Washington 7.5-min quadrangle.

6—Medium-coarse-grained hornblende alaskite. Lentine Aggregates Quarry, north of New Jersey Route 31, Glen Gardner; 

High Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.

H10—Foliated hornblende alaskite. West side of South Branch 

Raritan River, approximately 0.7 mi southeast of Bunnvale; 

High Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.
C68 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 15. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite

rocks, New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and

others, 1987). Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich., for all samples but two; analyses of samples P37 and 76

by U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. NA, not analyzed. Sample localities are described following this table]

Pyroxene granite (Ypg)

P37 H200 264 49 506 537 539

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 74.40 70.80 70.30 70.90 71.70 68.90 73.50

TiO2 .......................... .29 .49 .55 .42 .42 .37 .40

Al2O3 ........................ 12.60 14.30 12.70 13.20 12.20 14.10 12.20

Fe2O3 ........................ 1.82 2.04 3.83 .77 4.03 3.49 4.10

FeO............................ 1.00 1.30 1.60 2.30 1.70 1.30 1.30

MgO.......................... .24 .36 .26 .36 .13 .26 .24

CaO ........................... .89 1.39 .81 1.99 1.01 1.27 1.69

Na2O ......................... 4.42 5.56 3.89 3.81 3.19 4.65 4.58

K2O ........................... 3.79 3.53 5.02 5.28 5.21 4.90 2.01

P2O5 .......................... .05 .08 .08 .09 .04 .06 .06

MnO.......................... .01 .05 .19 .04 .04 .06 .04

LOI............................ .25 .23 .23 .16 .01 .16 .08

Total..................... 99.76 100.13 99.46 99.32 99.68 99.52 100.20

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. NA 1,300 620 1,400 1,100 1,000 750

Cr .............................. NA 20 10 <10 10 <10 10

Nb.............................. NA 20 40 20 30 30 10

Rb.............................. NA 50 110 110 120 90 30

Sr............................... NA 150 20 140 350 120 320

Y................................ NA 30 150 50 40 100 20

Zr............................... NA 750 1,100 440 1,100 840 750

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 32.22 22.25 26.81 23.92 31.21 20.76 35.61

Or .............................. 22.40 20.86 29.67 31.20 30.79 28.96 11.88

Ab.............................. 37.40 47.05 32.92 32.24 26.99 39.35 38.76

An.............................. 3.35 3.64 2.37 3.32 3.58 3.13 6.80

C................................ — — — — — — —

Wo............................. — .11 — — .11 .41 —

Di .............................. .58 1.93 .88 5.12 .70 1.40 .93

Hy.............................. .33 — .24 1.23 — — .17

Mt.............................. 2.41 2.93 4.18 1.12 4.39 3.31 3.16

Il................................ .55 .93 1.04 .80 .80 .70 .76

Hem........................... .15 .02 .95 — 1.00 1.20 1.92

Ap.............................. .12 .19 .19 .21 .09 .14 .14
TABLE 15 C69

Table 15. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of Lake Hopatcong

Intrusive Suite rocks, New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Pyroxene granite (Ypg)—Continued

W40 H1 D65 61 W172 400

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 71.60 69.70 75.00 69.80 71.40 70.40

TiO2........................... .37 .46 .28 .48 .60 .44

Al2O3......................... 12.40 13.80 11.30 12.70 11.90 12.30

Fe2O3......................... 2.73 2.13 .82 1.99 4.24 4.28

FeO............................ 1.80 1.55 1.10 1.90 2.10 2.00

MgO .......................... .20 .32 .15 .38 .26 .22

CaO ........................... 1.32 1.35 1.50 2.97 1.80 1.48

Na2O.......................... 4.68 4.75 2.79 2.96 4.58 4.00

K2O ........................... 4.05 5.15 5.62 6.17 2.68 4.96

P2O5 .......................... .04 .10 .02 .07 .12 .06

MnO .......................... .06 .09 .04 .17 .09 .06

LOI ............................ .31 .16 1.08 .47 .47 .10

Total...................... 99.56 99.56 99.70 100.06 100.24 100.30

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. 610 790 1,000 720 380 490

Cr............................... 30 30 30 16 <10 7,100

Nb.............................. <10 20 70 50 40 60

Rb .............................. 80 120 160 140 50 90

Sr ............................... 90 90 80 130 80 40

Y................................ 70 80 140 170 100 130

Zr ............................... 980 830 710 1,000 920 1,100

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................. 26.78 20.11 34.65 24.01 31.49 26.11

Or............................... 23.93 30.44 33.21 36.46 15.84 29.31

Ab.............................. 39.60 40.19 23.61 25.05 38.76 33.85

An.............................. .87 1.12 1.71 3.14 4.00 .96

C ................................ — — — — ——

Wo ............................. 1.20 .70 1.07 2.33 .98 1.87

Di............................... 2.11 2.65 2.60 4.61 1.40 1.18

Hy.............................. — — — — — —

Mt .............................. 3.96 3.09 1.19 2.89 5.32 5.37

Il ................................ .70 .87 .53 .91 1.14 .84

Hem ........................... — — — — .57 .58

Ap.............................. .09 .23 .05 .16 .28 .14
C70 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 15. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite rocks, New

Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Pyroxene granite (Ypg)—Continued

228 127 226 C85 440 T29 696 84

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 67.30 64.40 64.10 67.20 65.50 67.10 65.20 65.10

TiO2 .......................... .64 1.03 .81 .49 .60 .42 .52 1.14

Al2O3 ........................ 13.20 12.80 14.60 14.10 14.30 14.50 14.70 13.60

Fe2O3 ........................ 5.57 4.52 4.03 2.53 4.22 2.22 3.56 5.79

FeO............................ 2.50 3.40 3.90 2.50 2.60 1.70 2.20 3.20

MgO.......................... .32 .97 .45 .17 .49 .39 .29 .59

CaO ........................... 1.90 2.74 1.73 1.33 2.40 1.34 2.24 1.79

Na2O ......................... 4.62 3.84 5.04 4.72 4.65 3.67 3.76 5.95

K2O ........................... 3.36 4.46 4.61 4.98 4.83 6.91 5.38 2.42

P2O5 .......................... .08 .31 .18 .07 .11 .05 .06 .31

MnO.......................... .16 .13 .21 .10 .08 .07 .19 .07

LOI............................ .47 .20 .23 .62 .08 .47 .70 .31

Total ..................... 100.12 98.80 99.89 98.81 99.86 98.84 98.80 100.27

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 940 950 1,700 1,200 1,000 1,200 590 480

Cr .............................. 140 70 10 <10 <10 10 20 20

Nb.............................. 60 20 50 40 30 30 30 100

Rb.............................. 100 40 70 70 100 170 100 40

Sr............................... 110 150 80 80 150 180 100 60

Y................................ 160 110 110 90 50 20 90 200

Zr............................... 640 1,400 1,600 1,100 350 220 1,400 2,000

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 24.01 19.59 12.78 17.69 15.78 16.45 18.13 18.16

Or .............................. 19.86 26.36 27.24 29.43 28.54 40.84 31.79 14.30

Ab.............................. 39.09 32.49 42.65 39.94 39.35 31.05 31.82 50.35

An.............................. 5.36 4.52 3.60 2.58 3.88 2.68 7.34 3.26

C................................ — — — — — — — —

Wo............................. .56 — — — 1.25 — .05 —

Di .............................. 1.72 5.69 3.25 3.08 3.47 2.98 2.67 2.80

Hy.............................. — .72 2.35 .70 — .23 — .17

Mt.............................. 6.72 6.55 5.84 3.67 6.12 3.22 5.16 7.24

Il................................ 1.22 1.96 1.54 .93 1.14 .80 .99 2.17

Hem........................... .93 — — — — — — .80

Ap.............................. .19 .72 .42 .16 25 .12 .14 .72
TABLE 15 C71

Table 15. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite rocks,

New Jersey Highlands—Continued.

Pyroxene syenite (Yps) Pyroxene alaskite (Ypa)

S42 T8 317 76 W5 H393 2

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 61.30 59.00 63.90 68.60 69.00 70.40 71.40

TiO2........................... .99 .91 .74 .50 .33 .43 .14

Al2O3......................... 16.10 17.90 15.50 14.00 14.00 13.60 14.60

Fe2O3......................... 5.10 4.02 2.85 3.81 .60 2.28 .32

FeO............................ 3.10 2.90 3.40 2.00 1.40 1.70 1.58

MgO .......................... .77 .79 .53 .32 .70 .24 .36

CaO ........................... 2.40 3.37 2.11 .80 3.33 1.29 1.29

Na2O.......................... 5.74 5.56 4.87 3.75 3.18 4.37 4.63

K2O ........................... 4.37 4.84 5.58 5.31 5.94 5.05 5.49

P2O5 .......................... .18 .25 .13 .09 .08 .07 .08

MnO .......................... .13 .19 .12 .05 .05 .10 .09

LOI ............................ .06 .08 .39 .72 1.00 .39 .31

Total ..................... 100.24 99.81 100.12 99.95 99.61 99.92 100.29

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba .............................. 1,300 2,400 2,100 NA 1,100 630 800

Cr............................... 10 16 13 NA 23 10 20

Nb.............................. 20 20 40 NA 20 <10 <10

Rb .............................. 50 70 100 NA 120 110 120

Sr ............................... 180 420 130 NA 420 60 80

Y................................ 60 20 60 NA 50 30 50

Zr ............................... 1,500 1,100 450 NA 170 830 710

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................. 6.55 1.24 9.18 24.53 21.15 23.13 19.86

Or............................... 25.83 28.60 32.98 31.38 35.10 29.84 32.44

Ab.............................. 48.57 47.05 41.21 31.73 26.91 36.98 39.18

An.............................. 5.26 9.59 3.95 3.38 6.38 2.58 2.84

C ................................ — — — .84 — — —

Wo ............................. — — — — .57 .08 —

Di............................... 4.28 4.43 4.81 — 6.81 2.63 2.60

Hy.............................. .01 .68 1.76 .80 — — 2.14

Mt .............................. 7.39 5.83 4.13 5.16 .87 3.31 .46

Il ................................ 1.88 1.73 1.41 .95 .63 .82 .27

Hem ........................... — — — .25 — — —

Ap.............................. .42 .58 .30 .21 .19 .16 .19
C72 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 15

P37—Medium-grained, foliated clinopyroxene granite. West side 

of ridge, east of West Lake, Fayson Lakes; Pompton Plains 

7.5-min quadrangle.

H200—Clinopyroxene granite. South side of Electric Brook, 0.78 

mi east of intersection of New Jersey Route 24 and East 

Springtown Road; Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

264—Clinopyroxene granite. Ridge crest, Upper Pohatcong 

Mountain, 0.70 mi west of intersection of Erie Lackawanna 

Railroad tracks and New Jersey Route 629; Hackettstown 

7.5-min quadrangle.

49—Hornblende-clinopyroxene granite. West side of small ridge, 

north of West Hanover Avenue, 250 ft east of intersection of 

Shongum and North Ridge Roads; Mendham 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

506—Clinopyroxene granite. Southbound New Jersey Route 23, 

0.33 mi north of north arm of Oak Ridge Reservoir; Newfoundland 7.5-min quadrangle. 

537—Gneissic clinopyroxene granite to quartz monzonite. North 

side of bend in unimproved road, 1.05 mi south of intersection 

of New Jersey Routes 605 and 607; Stanhope 7.5-min 

quadrangle. 

539—Clinopyroxene granodiorite. East side of Lookout Mountain, 

west of Hudson Avenue, 0.39 mi north-northeast of intersection of New Jersey Route 607 and Lakeside Boulevard; Stanhope 7.5-min quadrangle.

W40—Clinopyroxene granite. South end of small ridge, north of 

New Jersey Route 638, 0.63 mi east of north end of Mastodon 

Lake; Wawayanda 7.5-min quadrangle.

H1—Clinopyroxene granite. Lentine Aggregates Quarry, north of 

New Jersey Route 31, Glen Gardner; High Bridge 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

D65—Clinopyroxene granite. Mount Hope Quarry, north of 

Mount Hope Road, Rockaway; Dover 7.5-min quadrangle.

61—Clinopyroxene granite. Ridge crest, north of golf course, 0.70 

mi west-northwest of southwest end of Allamuchy Pond; Tranquility 7.5-min quadrangle.

W172—Clinopyroxene granodiorite. Southwest end of ridge crest, 

Point Mountain; Washington 7.5-min quadrangle.

400—Clinopyroxene granite. Hamburg Mountain, near crest of 

Vernon Valley Ski Resort, 0.74 mi southeast of intersection of 

New Jersey Route 94 and Sand Hill Road; Hamburg 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

228—Clinopyroxene quartz monzonite. Northwest side of County 

House Mountain, 0.65 mi southwest of intersection of 

powerline and New Jersey Route 625; Washington 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

127—Clinopyroxene quartz syenite. Abandoned quarry, south of 

Gold Mine Road, 0.34 mi west of intersection with New Jersey 

Route 206; Stanhope 7.5-min quadrangle.

226—Clinopyroxene quartz monzonite. Schooleys Mountain, 

south of Wherli Road, 350 ft west of intersection with West 

Springtown Road; Hackettstown 7.5-min quadrangle.

C85—Clinopyroxene quartz monzonite. East side of New Jersey 

Route 206, 0.28 mi north of intersection with Four Bridges 

Road; Chester 7.5-min quadrangle.

440—Clinopyroxene quartz monzonite. East side of intersection of 

New Jersey Routes 607 and 609; Stanhope 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

T29—Clinopyroxene quartz syenite. Westbound Interstate-80, 

0.45 mi west of Sussex County boundary; Tranquility 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

696—Clinopyroxene quartz syenite. Byram Crushed Stone 

Quarry, east of New Jersey Route 206; Stanhope 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

84—Clinopyroxene quartz monzonite. Bowling Green Mountain, 

270 ft south of Weldon Road, 0.84 mi east of northernmost 

unnamed pond along Weldon Brook; Franklin 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

S42—Clinopyroxene monzonite. Westbound Interstate-80, 0.17 mi 

east of Netcong Interchange; Stanhope 7.5-min quadrangle.

T8—Clinopyroxene monzonite. South side of ridge, 0.20 mi north 

of intersection of Interstate-80 and New Jersey Route 604; 

Tranquility 7.5-min quadrangle.

317—Clinopyroxene syenite. South side of ridge crest, 0.43 mi 

northwest of intersection of New Jersey Routes 638 and 515, 

0.37 mi west of New Jersey Route 515, Wawayanda 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

76—Clinopyroxene alaskite. North side of Hickory Run Road, 

0.22 mi northwest of intersection with New Jersey Route 513; 

Califon 7.5-min quadrangle.

W5—Clinopyroxene alaskite. North end of Wawayanda Lake, 200 

ft northeast of intersection of Iron Mountain and Wawayanda 

Roads; Wawayanda 7.5-min quadrangle.

H393—Clinopyroxene granite to alaskite. Lentine Aggregates 

Quarry, north of New Jersey Route 31, Glen Gardner; High 

Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.

2—Clinopyroxene alaskite. Same location as sample 393; High 

Bridge 7.5-min quadrangle.
TABLE 16 C73

Table 16. Major-oxide concentrations and CIPW norms of the

Mount Eve Granite (Ygm), New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents

were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others, 1987).

Analyses by U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. Sample localities are

described below]

PI-1 U-2 NE-3

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2 ........................... 66.90 71.40 73.10

TiO2........................... .74 .32 .11

Al2O3......................... 13.90 14.30 14.60

Fe2O3......................... 1.60 1.71 1.40

FeO............................ 3.00 .88 .40

MgO .......................... .74 .31 .16

CaO ........................... 2.40 .77 1.50

Na2O.......................... 3.40 3.19 4.80

K2O ........................... 5.30 5.80 3.00

P2O5 .......................... .18 .05 .03

MnO .......................... .10 .02 .02

LOI ............................ .73 .66 .52

Total ..................... 98.99 99.41 99.64

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz ............................. 20.90 29.00 31.10

Or............................... 31.70 35.00 17.80

Ab.............................. 29.30 27.20 40.40

An.............................. 7.20 3.10 7.50

C ................................ — 1.60 .80

Di............................... 3.30 .80 .40

Hy.............................. 3.30 — —

Mt .............................. 2.30 2.10 1.20

Il ................................ 1.50 .60 .20

Hem ........................... — .30 .60

Ap.............................. .30 .30 —

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 16

PI-1—Hornblende-biotite granite from abandoned quarry in saddle between Mounts Adam and Eve, 200 ft north of intersection of Little York and Hedges Roads; Pine Island 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

U-2—Hornblende-biotite granite from northwest slope of Pochuck 

Mountain, about 200 ft northeast of intersection of Liberty 

Corners Road and unnamed northwest-trending road, 1 mi 

southwest of Owens; Unionville 7.5-min quadrangle.

NE-3—Hornblende granitoid from sharp bend in unnumbered 

road, about 1.4 mi S. 5° W. from Sparta, N.J.; Newton East 

7.5-min quadrangle.
C74 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 17. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of amphibolite (Ya), New Jersey Highlands.

[Analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration (Jackson and others, 1987).

Analyses by XRAL Activation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. NA, not analyzed. Sample localities are described following this table]

211 48 1044 271 423A B29 168 22

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 50.31 48.40 45.70 48.60 47.70 47.20 51.00 55.60

TiO2 .......................... .84 1.53 1.22 1.40 1.66 2.00 1.50 1.01

Al2O3 ........................ 15.03 15.80 13.90 13.80 18.40 15.00 15.20 12.70

Fe2O3 ........................ 1.69 1.67 5.70 5.10 4.00 2.90 3.30 1.72

FeO............................ 8.62 8.53 8.50 7.80 7.50 9.60 7.20 6.35

MgO.......................... 5.38 8.11 7.23 7.06 5.17 6.65 4.83 .94

CaO ........................... 12.31 11.00 9.95 10.30 9.22 8.96 8.46 6.49

Na2O ......................... 3.03 3.12 2.96 3.45 3.59 3.79 4.64 6.78

K2O ........................... .82 .29 .86 1.31 1.36 .52 1.16 .35

P2O5 .......................... .14 NA .54 .14 .20 .29 .18 4.42

MnO.......................... .20 .17 .35 .13 .17 .20 .14 .15

LOI............................ NA NA 1.16 .54 1.31 1.31 .62 3.00

Total..................... 98.37 98.62 98.07 99.63 100.28 98.42 98.23 99.51

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 145 195 230 90 270 250 340 820

Cr .............................. NA 231 120 242 39 260 180 20

Cu.............................. 28 22 NA NA NA NA NA 4

Nb.............................. NA NA 20 30 10 20 40 <10

Rb.............................. NA 10 20 30 40 20 10 90

Sc .............................. 42 27 NA NA NA NA NA 31

Sr............................... 323 487 530 100 390 320 380 580

V................................ 251 169 NA NA NA NA NA 100

Y................................ NA NA 30 30 20 10 20 100

Zr............................... 116 85 90 100 120 130 110 1,000

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. — — — — — — — 7.98

Or .............................. 4.85 1.71 5.08 7.74 8.04 3.07 6.86 2.07

Ab.............................. 25.64 25.57 25.05 25.25 26.63 30.33 37.10 57.37

An.............................. 24.99 28.25 22.10 18.30 30.08 22.38 17.22 3.19

Ne.............................. — .45 — 2.14 2.03 .94 1.17 —

Di .............................. 29.10 21.42 19.25 25.75 11.70 16.53 19.27 .11

Hy.............................. 1.12 — 1.44 — — — — 11.13

Ol .............................. 8.31 15.89 12.16 9.53 11.08 15.18 7.94 —

Mt.............................. 2.45 2.42 8.26 7.39 5.80 4.20 4.78 2.49

Il................................ 1.60 2.91 2.32 2.66 3.15 3.80 2.85 1.92

Ap.............................. .32 — 1.25 .32 .46 .67 .42 10.24
TABLE 17 C75

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 17

211—Medium-grained, foliated hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. Approximately 400 ft north of Hollow Brook Road, 0.30 

mi south of intersection of New Jersey Route 512 and Van Pelt 

Road; Gladstone 7.5-min quadrangle.

48—Medium-fine- to medium-grained, indistinctly foliated hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. Pochuck Mountain, east side 

of New Jersey Route 565, 0.70 mi northeast of north end of 

Glenwood Lake; Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

1044—Medium-grained, layered biotite-hornblende-plagioclase 

amphibolite. Interlayered with microcline gneiss. South side 

of New Jersey Route 616, 0.21 mi west of intersection with 

Sussex Mills Road; Newton East 7.5-min quadrangle.

271—Foliated biotite-hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. Intercalated with layered biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss. Southbound Interstate-287, 0.44 mi south-southwest of south end of 

Ramapo Lake; Wanaque 7.5-min quadrangle.

423A—Porphyritic biotite-hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. 

South side of swamp on Allamuchy Mountain, 0.87 mi southeast of northeast end of Tranquility Lake; Tranquility 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

B29—Medium-grained, weakly foliated hornblende-plagioclase 

amphibolite with 2mm- to 4-mm-long hornblende in finer 

grained plagioclase matrix. Southwest end of ridge, north of 

Bear Swamp, 0.27 mi south of south end of large, unnamed 

pond on Shades of Death Road; Blairstown 7.5-min 

quadrangle.

168—Featureless clinopyroxene-hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite. North side of ridge, north of Upper Greenwood Lake, 0.59 

mi northeast of intersection of Long House Drive and Lake 

Shore Drive; Greenwood Lake 7.5-min quadrangle.

22—Medium-fine-grained clinopyroxene-hornblende-plagioclase 

amphibolite. Approximately 350 ft south of fork in unnamed 

stream south of Campbell Road, north end of Mine Mountain; 

Gladstone 7.5-min quadrangle.
C76 MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC ROCKS OF THE NEW JERSEY HIGHLANDS

Table 18. Major-oxide and trace-element concentrations and CIPW norms of

biotite-plagioclase gneiss (Ybp), New Jersey Highlands.

[The first three columns represent one type of biotite-plagioclase gneiss, and the fourth

column represents another type. Analyses of samples 195, 223, and 1037 by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry except that FeO contents were determined by potentiometric titration

(Jackson and others, 1987). Analyses of samples 195, 223, and 1037 by XRAL Activation

Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Sample localities for samples 195, 223, and 1037 are

described following this table. Data for the metanorthosite are from Young and Icenhower

(1989). NA, not analyzed]

*Averaged data for five samples from the New Jersey Highlands; data from Young and Icenhower 

(1989). 

195 223 1037 Metanorthosite*

Major oxides and loss on ignition (LOI), in weight percent

SiO2........................... 57.50 52.20 43.00 51.02

TiO2 .......................... .74 1.45 1.70 .68

Al2O3 ........................ 13.90 14.30 15.20 25.78

Fe2O3 ........................ 1.86 4.01 8.20 .98

FeO............................ 6.90 7.50 9.70 2.82

MgO.......................... 6.01 4.37 6.73 1.53

CaO ........................... 7.37 7.82 8.99 8.68

Na2O ......................... 2.75 2.57 2.24 4.31

K2O ........................... 1.75 2.75 1.58 1.98

P2O5 .......................... .18 .20 .04 .09

MnO.......................... .15 .21 .41 .10

LOI............................ .62 1.15 .62 1.15

Total ..................... 99.73 98.53 98.41 99.12

Trace elements, in parts per million

Ba.............................. 300 440 190 484

Cr .............................. 440 80 20 48

Nb.............................. 10 20 20 NA

Rb.............................. 110 90 40 102

Sr............................... 340 180 320 299

Y................................ 30 30 <10 NA

Zr............................... <10 110 <10 120

CIPW norms, in weight percent

Qtz............................. 9.35 4.08 — —

Or .............................. 10.34 16.25 9.34 —

Ab.............................. 23.27 21.75 18.10 —

An.............................. 20.42 19.36 26.76 —

Ne.............................. — — .47 —

Di .............................. 12.23 14.87 14.27 —

Hy.............................. 19.18 12.03 — —

Ol .............................. — — 13.67 —

Mt.............................. 2.70 5.81 11.89 —

Il................................ 1.41 2.75 3.23 —

Ap.............................. .42 .46 .09 —
TABLE 18 C77

Sample Descriptions and Collection Localities—Table 18

195—Medium- to medium-coarse-grained clinopyroxene-biotiteplagioclase gneiss. Along Burnett Brook, 0.45 mi north of 

intersection with Old Mill Road; Chester 7.5-min quadrangle.

223—Medium-fine-grained, well-layered hornblende-biotiteplagioclase gneiss. Terrace west of prominent north-trending 

ridge, 0.66 mi west of southeast end of Glenwood Lake; Hamburg 7.5-min quadrangle.

1037—Foliated hornblende-biotite-plagioclase gneiss. West side 

of New Jersey Route 181, in bend, 0.73 mi north of intersection with New Jersey Route 517; Newton East 7.5-min 

quadrangle. 
U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Geologic Studies in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1565

Prepared in cooperation with the 

New Jersey Geological Survey

This volume was published as

separate chapters A–C
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES G. GROAT, Director

Published in the Eastern Region, Reston, Va.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and 

does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government
VOLUME CONTENTS

[Letters designate the chapters]

A. Late Proterozoic Diabase Dikes of the New Jersey Highlands—

A Remnant of Iapetan Rifting in the North-Central Appalachians

By Richard A. Volkert and John H. Puffer

B. Geology, Geochemistry, and Tectonostratigraphic Relations of the 

Crystalline Basement Beneath the Coastal Plain of New Jersey and 

Contiguous Areas

By Richard A. Volkert, Avery Ala Drake, Jr., and Peter J. Sugarman

C. Geochemistry and Stratigraphic Relations of Middle Proterozoic 

Rocks of the New Jersey Highlands

By Richard A. Volkert and Avery Ala Drake, Jr.
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