TIPS FOR TRAVELERS TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Department of State

Bureau of Consular Affairs

Publication 10816

March 2001

Foreword

Your trip to Africa will be an adventure off the beaten path. Conditions and customs in sub-Saharan

Africa can contrast sharply with those in the United States. These pages contain advice to help you

avoid inconvenience and difficulties. Take our advice seriously but don’t let it keep you at home.

Most Americans have unforgettable experiences in Africa. We are often welcomed and helped by

Africans who are happy to share not just their scenery, but their culture and traditions as well.

This brochure covers all of Africa except the five nations bordering the Mediterranean. Sub-Saharan

Africa includes 48 nations. Forty-two of these nations are on the mainland. In addition, four island

nations in the southwest Indian Ocean (Madagascar, The Comoros, Mauritius, and Seychelles) and

two island nations in the Atlantic Ocean (Cape Verde and Sao Tome and Principe) are considered

part of Africa. For convenience, we will often use the word "Africa" to refer to the sub-Saharan

region. For information on the five northern African nations of Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Libya,

and Egypt, see Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa.

Before you go, learn as much as you can about your destination. Your travel agent, local bookstore,

public library and the embassies of the countries you plan to visit are all useful sources of

information. The Department of State’s Background Notes series includes a pamphlet for every

country worldwide, including those in Africa. You may obtain Background Notes via the Internet by

visiting the Department of State home page at http://www.state.gov.

Consular Information Program

Before traveling, obtain the Consular Information Sheet for any countries you plan to visit. You

should also check to see if the Department of State has issued a Travel Warning or Public

Announcement for the country or countries you will be visiting. Travel Warnings are issued when

the Department of State decides based on all relevant information, to recommend that all Americans

avoid travel to a certain country. Public Announcements are issued as a means to disseminate

information quickly about relatively short-term and/or trans-national conditions that would pose

significant risks to the security of American travelers. Consular Information Sheets are available for

every country in the world. They include such information as the location of the U.S. embassy or

consulate in the country, unusual immigration practices, health conditions, crime and security

information, road safety, unusual currency and entry regulations, and drug penalties. A description of

political disturbances may be included in the Consular Information Sheet under an optional section

entitled "Safety/Security." On limited occasions, the Department also restates in this section U.S.

Embassy advice given to official employees. Consular Information Sheets present information so

travelers can make knowledgeable decisions concerning travel to a particular country. Countries to

which we suggest that you not travel will have Travel Warnings as well as Consular Information

Sheets.

How to Access Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings and Public Announcements

By Internet

The most convenient source of information about travel and consular services is the Consular Affairs

home page on the Internet’s World Wide Web. The web site address is http://travel.state.gov. If you

do not have access to the Internet at home, work or school, your local library may provide access to

the Internet.

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By Telephone

Consular Information Sheets and Travel Warnings may be heard any time by dialing the office of

American Citizens Services at (202) 647-5225 from a touchtone phone.

In Person/By Mail

Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings and Public Announcements are available at any of the

regional passport agencies, field offices of the Department of Commerce, and U.S. embassies and

consulates abroad, or by writing and sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope to the Office of

American Citizens Services, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Room 4811, U.S. Department of State,

Washington, D.C. 20520-4818.

By Fax

From your fax machine, dial (202) 647-3000, using the handset as you would a regular telephone.

The system will instruct you on how to proceed.

Visa and Other Entry Requirements

A valid, unexpired U.S. passport is required for travel to all countries in Africa. In addition, most

countries in sub-Saharan Africa require U.S. citizens to have a visa. If visas are required, obtain them

before you leave home. Be particularly attentive to visa requirements for countries you may transit

en route to your country of destination. If you decide to visit additional countries en route, it may be

difficult or impossible to obtain visas. In most African countries, if you arrive without a visa, you

will not be admitted into the country and will have to depart on the next plane. This can be extremely

inconvenient if the next plane does not arrive for several days, the airport hotel is full, and the airport

has no other sleeping accommodations.

The best authority on a country’s visa and other entry requirements is its embassy or consulate. The

Department of State publication, Foreign Entry Requirements, gives basic information on entry

requirements and tells where and how to apply for visas. You can order a copy for 50 cents from the

Consumer Information Center, Pueblo, Colorado 81009. Foreign Entry Requirements is also

available on the Internet at http://travel.state.gov/foreignentryreqs.html.

Allow plenty of time to apply for visas. An average of two weeks for each visa is recommended.

When you inquire, check the following:

 Visa price, length of validity, and number of entries

 Financial data required

 Proof of sufficient funds, proof of onward/return ticket

 Immunizations required

 Currency regulations

 Import/export restrictions

 Departure tax - if required. Be sure to keep sufficient hard currency so that you may leave the

country on schedule.

 HIV clearance certification; some countries require travelers to submit certification or be

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tested upon arrival for HIV.

Restricted Areas

A visa is good only for those parts of a country that are open to foreigners. Several countries in

Africa have areas of civil unrest or war zones that are off-limits to visitors without special permits.

Others have similar areas that are open but surrounded by security checkpoints where travelers must

show their passport, complete with valid visa. When traveling in such a country, keep your passport

with you at all times. It is recommended that you leave photocopies of your passport, including

copies of those pages containing visas, at your hotel or in some other safe location. No matter where

you travel in Africa, do not overstay the validity of your visa. Renew it if necessary.

If stopped at a roadblock, be courteous and responsive to questions asked by persons in authority.

Outside major cities, try to avoid travel at night. For information on restricted or risky areas, consult

Department of State Consular Information Sheets or, if you are already in Africa, the nearest U.S.

embassy or consulate. If you plan on spending an extended period of time in a country, register with

the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate.

In some areas, when U.S. citizens are arrested or detained, police or prison officials fail to inform the

U.S. embassy or consulate. If you are detained for any reason, it is your right to speak with a U.S.

consular officer immediately.

Health

Health problems affect visitors to Africa more than any other difficulty. For travel health information

on the Internet, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) home page at

http://www.cdc.gov. The CDC also provides recorded information on their international travelers

hotline at 1-877-FYI-TRIP (1-877-394-8747) and by fax at 1-888-CDC-FAXX (1-888-232-3299).

Additional general information can be found in the U.S. Public Health Service book, Health

Information for International Travel, available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.

Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, via the Internet at

http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs or by calling (202) 512-1800.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or

AIDS, is epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. In its December 2000 AIDS Epidemic Update, the United

Nations AIDS/World Health Organization Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS/STI Surveillance

reported that 25.3 million adults and children are living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. 3.8

million people were newly infected, mainly through heterosexual contact. HIV is found primarily in

the bodily fluids of an infected person. It is spread through intimate sexual contact, needle sharing

among intravenous drug users and transfusions of infected blood and blood clotting factors.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver transmitted through activities resulting in the exchange of

blood or blood derived fluids and/or through sexual activity. Meningococcal disease (bacterial

meningitis) is an infection in the lining of the brain or spinal cord. This is spread when an infected

person sneezes or coughs near you, as is tuberculosis, both of which are significant risks in crowded,

confined spaces.

Many diseases are transmitted through the bite of infected insects such as mosquitoes, flies, fleas,

ticks and lice. Travelers must protect themselves from insect bites by wearing proper clothing, using

bed nets, and applying the proper insect repellent. Mosquitoes are most active between dusk and

dawn. Malaria is a very serious, sometimes fatal, parasitic infection transmitted to humans by

mosquitoes, and is endemic in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Travelers at risk for malaria should

consult with a doctor for advice on whether or not it is necessary to take Mefloquine or an alternative

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drug as a preventative measure. Yellow fever and Dengue fever are prevalent viral infections also

transmitted by mosquito bites.

Food and waterborne diseases also cause illnesses in travelers, most frequently diarrhea. Drink only

bottled, chemically treated or boiled water. Avoid ice cubes. Unless you are sure that they are

pasteurized, avoid dairy products. Eat only thoroughly cooked food. Vegetables and fruits should be

peeled or washed in a purifying solution. A good rule of thumb is, "If you can’t peel it or cook it,

don’t eat it." Severely ill individuals should receive immediate medical attention.

Schistosomiasis is an infection that develops after the larvae of a flatworm penetrate the skin. Water

treated with chlorine or iodine is virtually safe and salt water poses no risk. The risk is a function of

the frequency and degree of contact with contaminated fresh water for bathing, wading or

swimming. It is often difficult to distinguish between infested and non-infested water. Swimming in

fresh water in rural areas should be avoided.

Rabies is a viral infection that affects the central nervous system. The virus is introduced by an

animal bite. Any animal bite should receive prompt attention.

Some countries have shortages of medicines. Bring an adequate supply of any prescription and overthe-counter medicines that you need to take. Keep all prescriptions in their original, labeled

containers.

Some medical devices, such as insulin pumps, may not be available in some countries. Those

travelers requiring these devices should take spares. In addition, certain formulations of drugs, such

as insulin, may not be available. Be aware of alternative substitute formulations. There are instances

where "type A" of insulin is available locally, but, not "type B" or "type C," which may include the

kind that the traveler may currently be taking.

Medical facilities may be limited, particularly in rural areas. Should you become seriously ill or

injured abroad, contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A U.S. consular officer can furnish

you with a list of local hospitals and English-speaking doctors. Consular officers can inform your

family or friends in the United States of your condition. Because medical coverage overseas can be

quite expensive, prospective travelers should review their health insurance policies. Doctors and

hospitals expect immediate cash payment in full for health services in many sub-Saharan countries.

If your policy does not provide medical coverage overseas, consider buying supplemental insurance.

It is also advisable to obtain insurance to cover the cost of medical evacuation in the event of an

emergency, as this can be extremely expensive.

Crime

Crime is a worldwide problem, particularly in urban populated areas. Travelers should be alert to the

increasing crime problem throughout sub-Saharan Africa. In places where crime is especially acute,

we have noted this problem under the county-specific section later in this brochure.

Weather

Sub-Saharan Africa is tropical, except for the high inland plateaus and the southern part of South

Africa. Within 10 degrees of the Equator, the climate seldom varies and is generally hot and rainy.

Further from the Equator, the seasons become more apparent. If possible, you should plan your trip

in the cooler months. If traveling to rural areas, avoid the rainy months that generally run from May

through October north of the equator and November through April south of the equator. Roads may

be washed out during these times.

U.S. Citizens Married to Foreign Nationals

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Women who travel to Africa should be aware that in some countries, either by law or by custom, a

woman and her children need the permission of her husband to leave the country. If you or your

children travel, be aware of the laws and customs of the places you visit. Do not visit or allow your

children to visit unless you are confident that you will be permitted to leave. Overseas, you are

subject to the laws of the country you visit. U.S. law cannot protect you.

Currency Regulations

The amount of money, including traveler’s checks, which may be taken into or out of African

countries, varies. In general, visitors must declare all currency and travelers checks upon arrival. Do

not exchange money on the black market. Use only banks and other authorized foreign exchange

offices and keep your receipts. You may need to present the receipts as well as your original

currency declaration when you depart. Currency not accounted for may be confiscated and you may

be fined or detained. Many countries require that hotel bills be paid in hard currency. Some require

that a minimum amount of hard currency be changed into the local currency upon arrival. Some

countries prohibit the import or export of local currency. Also, some countries prohibit the

destruction of local currency, no matter how small the denomination.

U.S. Wildlife Regulations

The United States prohibits the importation of products from endangered species, including the fur

of any spotted cats. Most African countries have enacted laws protecting wildlife, but poaching and

illegal trafficking in wildlife are still commonplace. Importing products made from endangered

species may result in the seizure of the product and a possible fine. Generally, African ivory cannot

be legally imported into the United States.

The import of most types of parrots and other wild birds from Africa is restricted and subject to

licensing and other controls. Birds are required to be placed in quarantine upon arrival to ensure they

are free from disease. For further information on the import of wildlife and related products, visit the

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service web site at http://international.fws.gov or the TRAFFIC USA web

site at http://www.traffic.org.

Air Travel

If you are flying to places in Africa other than the major tourist destinations, you may have difficulty

securing and retaining reservations and experience long waits at airports for customs and

immigration processing. If stranded, you may need proof of a confirmed reservation in order to

obtain food and lodging vouchers from some airlines. Flights are often overbooked, delayed or

canceled and, when competing for space on a plane, you may be dealing with a surging crowd rather

than a line. Traveling with a packaged tour may insulate you from some of these difficulties. Not all

problems can be avoided, but you can:

 Learn the reputation of the airline and the airports you will use to prevent problems and avoid

any unpleasant surprises.

 Reserve your return passage before you go and reconfirm immediately upon arrival.

 Ask for confirmation in writing, complete with file number or locator code, when you make or

confirm a reservation.

 Arrive at the airport earlier than required in order to put yourself at the front of the line - or the

crowd, as the case may be.

 Travel with funds sufficient for an extra week’s subsistence in case you are stranded.

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Photography

Africa is filled with breathtaking scenery and photography is generally encouraged. However, most

governments prohibit photography of military installations or locations having military significance,

including airports, bridges, tunnels, port facilities and public buildings. Visitors can seek guidance

on restrictions from local tourist offices or from the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Taking such

photographs without prior permission can result in arrest or the confiscation of film and/or

equipment.

Shortages, High Prices, and Other Problems

Consumer goods, gas and food are in short supply in some African countries and prices for these

commodities may be high by U.S. standards. Shortages of hotel accommodations also exist so

confirm reservations well in advance. Some countries experience disruptions in electricity and water

supply or in services such as mail and telecommunications.

Local Transportation

Rental cars, where available, may be expensive. Hiring a taxi which is in good condition is often the

easiest way to go sightseeing. Taxi fares should be negotiated in advance. Travel on rural roads can

be slow and difficult in the dry season and disrupted by floods in the rainy season.

Country Information

Angola

The Department of State warns U.S. citizens against travel to Angola because of renewed military

conflict and continuing violent crime. Angola is a developing country that has experienced war and

civil strife since its independence from Portugal in 1975. In 1993, the U.S. recognized the Angolan

government and a U.S. Embassy was established in Luanda. Facilities for tourism are virtually

nonexistent. Visas are required. Persons arriving without visas are subject to possible arrest or

deportation. Violent crime exists throughout the country. Travel in many parts of Luanda is

considered unsafe at night because of the increased incidence of armed robberies and carjackings.

Adequate medical facilities are scarce in Angola and most medicine is not available. Travelers are

advised to purchase medical evacuation insurance.

Embassy of Angola Web Site: http://www.angola.org

Benin

Benin is a developing West African country. Its capital is Porto Novo; however, the adjoining city of

Cotonou is the main port and site of most government and tourist activity. Tourist facilities in

Cotonou are available but not fully developed elsewhere in Benin. U.S. citizens are required to have

a visa and vaccination certificates for yellow fever and cholera. Medical facilities in Benin are

limited. Crime rates are rising, particularly in Cotonou.

Botswana

Botswana is a developing Southern African nation with a democratically elected system of

government. Facilities for tourism are available. No visa is necessary for stays of less than 90 days.

Medical facilities in Botswana are limited. Some petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse

snatching is common in the capital city of Gaborone. It is dangerous for visitors to walk alone at

night in unfamiliar areas. Travel by automobile outside of large towns may be dangerous. Although

major roads are generally in good condition, the combination of long stretches of two-lane highway,

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high speed limits, and the occasional presence of large animals on the roads makes accidents a

frequent occurrence. Driving at night, particularly on rural highways, is strongly discouraged. When

on safari or other game viewing activities, visitors should remember that wild animals are

unpredictable and can be extremely dangerous. Visitors should use reputable tour operators and

carefully follow all safety instructions when engaged in such activities.

U.S. Embassy Web Site: http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/bc1/wwwhmain.html

Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso, previously known as Upper Volta, is a developing West African country of dry

savannah that borders the Sahara Desert. The official language is French. Facilities for tourism are

not widely available. A visa is required but may be purchased at the airport in Ouagadougou and at

some border stations (bring along extra passport sized photos). Malaria is prevalent. Cholera and

yellow fever immunizations are recommended. Medical facilities in Burkina Faso are very limited

and medicine is in short supply. Petty crime is on the increase. Street crime poses a risk within

Ouagadougou City and some armed banditry has been reported on border region routes. Public

transportation is unreliable and generally unsafe. Traveling at night is extremely hazardous and

should be avoided if possible. Travel on roads is difficult due to lack of maintenance and banditry.

There are restrictions on photography. A valid photo permit may be obtained from the Ministry of

Tourism. The U.S. Embassy in Ouagadougou can provide information on specific photography

regulations. Credit cards are rarely accepted. Traveler’s checks can sometimes be cashed at local

banks that charge a fee for services. Telephone service is available at telecenters but it is expensive.

Embassy of Burkina Faso Web Site: http://www.burkinaembassy-usa.org

Burundi

The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Burundi due to continuing unstable

conditions throughout the country. Burundi is a small, inland African nation passing through a period

of instability following a coup attempt in October 1993. Facilities for tourism, particularly in the

interior, are limited. A visa and immunizations for yellow fever and cholera are required. Medical

facilities are limited. Street crime poses a high risk for visitors. Burundi has a good network of roads

between major towns and border posts. Travel on other roads is difficult, particularly in the rainy

season. Public transportation to border points is often difficult and frequently unavailable.

Cameroon

Cameroon is a developing African country. The official language is French. Facilities for tourism are

limited. A visa and proof of inoculation against yellow fever and cholera are required. Obtain your

visa before arrival to avoid difficulty at the airport. Airport security is stringent and visitors may be

subjected to baggage searches. Medical facilities are limited. Armed banditry is a problem in the

extreme north and in major cities. Petty crime is common throughout the country. Persons traveling

at night on rural highways are at extreme risk. While photography is not officially forbidden, security

officials are extremely sensitive about the photographing of government buildings and military

installations, many of which are unmarked. Photography of these subjects may result in seizure of

photographic equipment by Cameroonian authorities.

Cape Verde

The Republic of Cape Verde consists of several rugged volcanic islands off the West Coast of

Africa. The climate is warm and dry. Tourist facilities are limited. A visa is required. If arriving from

an infected area, evidence of immunization against yellow fever is required. Medical facilities in

Cape Verde are extremely limited. Some petty theft is common.

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Embassy of Cape Verde Web Site: http://www.capeverdeusembassy.org

Central African Republic

The Central African Republic is a developing African country. The U.S. Embassy maintains a

limited staff and only emergency consular services are available. Facilities for tourism are limited. A

visa is required. Medical facilities in the Central African Republic are limited. Petty crime such as

pickpocketing can occur throughout the country, and armed highway robbery in rural areas is

common. Photography of police or military installations, as well as government buildings, is

prohibited.

Chad

Chad is a developing country in north central Africa that has experienced sporadic armed

disturbances over the past several years. Facilities for tourism are limited. Visitors to Chad must

have a visa before arrival and present evidence of a yellow fever vaccination. Medical facilities are

extremely limited and medicines are in short supply. Pickpocketing and purse snatching are endemic

in market and commercial areas. A permit is required for all photography. Even with a permit, there

are prohibitions against taking pictures of military establishments and official buildings. U.S.

citizens traveling across the southwestern border into Cameroon should consult with the U.S.

Embassy N’djamena for updates on the incidence of highway banditry in the region.

Embassy of Chad Web Site: http://www.chadembassy.org

The Comoros

The Comoros is a developing island nation located in the Indian Ocean, off the east coast of Africa.

Facilities for tourism are limited. A visa is required. Visas for stays of three weeks or less can be

issued at the airport upon arrival, provided an onward/return ticket is presented. Medical facilities in

the Comoros are limited. Petty thievery is common.

Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

Although the 1998-99 civil conflict has ended and security in the country in general is improving,

the Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer travel to Republic of the Congo because of the

uncertain security situation in some regions. The U.S. Embassy is closed. The Republic of the Congo

is a developing nation in central Africa. Facilities for tourism are limited. A visa is required. Medical

facilities are limited and some medical supplies are in short supply. Petty street crime, including

mugging and purse snatching, occasionally occur in Brazzaville and Pointe Noire, as well as in parts

of the countryside. Driving may be hazardous, particularly at night, and travelers should be alert to

possible roadblocks. Travelers may wish to contact the U.S. Embassy in Kinshasa in the Democratic

Republic of Congo for the latest information on conditions in the Republic of Congo.

Cote d’Ivoire

Cote d’Ivoire, previously known as the Ivory Coast, is a developing West African nation. Tourism

facilities in the capital city of Abidjan include some luxury hotels. Other accommodations, especially

outside the capital, may be limited in quality and availability. A visa is not required for a stay of up

to 90 days. All travelers arriving in Cote d’Ivoire must be in possession of a World Health

Organization (WHO) vaccination card reflecting a current yellow fever inoculation. The WHO card

is inspected by Ivorian health officials at the airport before admittance into the country. Medical

facilities are adequate in Abidjan but may be limited elsewhere. Not all medicines are available.

Street crime of the "grab and run" variety, as well as pickpocketing in crowded areas, has increased.

Automobile accidents are one of the greatest threats to Americans in Cote d’Ivoire. Night driving is

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particularly hazardous due to poorly lit roads and vehicles. Airline travel in Cote d’Ivoire and many

other parts of West Africa is routinely overbooked, schedules are limited and airline assistance is of

varying quality.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Department of State warns U.S. citizens against travel to the Democratic Republic of the Congo

(DRC) because of security and political uncertainties. DRC is the largest sub-Saharan African

country. Although DRC has substantial human and natural resources, in recent years, the country has

suffered a profound political and economic crisis. This has resulted in the dramatic deterioration of

the physical infrastructure of the country, insecurity and an increase in crime in urban areas

(including occasional episodes of looting and murder in Kinshasa’s streets.) There has also been

occasional official hostility to U.S. citizens, U.S. interests and nationals of European countries;

periodic shortages of basic needs such as gasoline; chronic shortages of medicine and supplies for

some basic medical care; hyperinflation and corruption. In some urban areas, malnutrition and

starvation are acute. Tourism facilities are minimal. A visa and vaccination certificate, showing valid

yellow fever immunization, are required for entry. Medical facilities are extremely limited. Medicine

is in short supply. Most intercity roads are difficult or impassable in the rainy season. Government

permission is required for travel outside Kinshasa. Credit cards are generally not accepted, except by

a few major hotels and restaurants. Photography of public buildings and/or military installations is

forbidden, including photography of the banks of the Congo River. Offenders may be arrested, held

for a minimum of several hours, fined and the film and camera may also be confiscated. Armed

groups operate in parts of the DRC outside government control. These groups have been responsible

for pillaging, vehicle thefts, carjackings, extrajudicial settling of differences, ethnic tensions and

continued military/paramilitary operations. Travelers in these areas run the risk of attack or

detention.

Djibouti

Djibouti is a developing East African country. Facilities for tourism are limited. Visitors to Djibouti

must obtain a visa before arrival. Evidence of yellow fever immunization must be presented. Medical

facilities are limited. Medicine is often unavailable. Petty crime occurs in Djibouti City and

elsewhere in the country.

Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea is a developing country in West Africa. Tourism facilities are minimal. A visa is

not required. Proof of smallpox, yellow fever and cholera immunizations required for a stay of less

than 90 days. Medical facilities are extremely limited. Many medicines are unavailable. Petty crime

is common. The government of Equatorial Guinea has established stringent currency restrictions,

applied both on arrival and departure from the country. Special permits may be needed for some

types of photography. There is no U.S. Embassy in Equatorial Guinea. Contact the U.S. Embassy in

neighboring Yaounde, Cameroon for the latest information.

Eritrea

Eritrea is a poor but developing East African country. Formerly a province of Ethiopia, Eritrea

became an independent country in 1993, following a 30-year long struggle for independence.

Tourism facilities in Eritrea are very limited. A visa is required. Airport visas are unavailable.

Medical facilities in Eritrea are extremely limited. Travelers must bring their own supplies of

prescription drugs and preventative medicines. Street crime is not a frequent occurrence but is on the

increase. Visitors should exercise normal safety precautions with regard to what valuables are carried

and what environs are visited. Credit cards are generally not accepted in Eritrea. Foreigners must pay

bills in U.S. dollars or U.S. dollar denomination travelers checks.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia and Eritrea signed a final, comprehensive peace agreement on December 12, 2000, ending

their two-year border conflict. Travel near or across the Ethiopia/Eritrea border should be avoided.

Ethiopia is a developing East African country. Tourism facilities, although available in larger cities,

are limited. A visa is required, as well as evidence of yellow fever immunization. Travelers must

enter Ethiopia by air, either at Addis Ababa or Dire Dawa. Individuals entering overland risk being

detained by immigration authorities and/or fined. Airport visas may be obtained if 48 hours advance

notice has been provided by the traveler’s sponsoring organization to proper authorities within

Ethiopia. Visitors must declare hard currency upon arrival and may be required to present this

declaration when applying for an exit visa. Upon departure, travelers should remember that

antiquities and religious artifacts require export permission. There is a black market for hard

currency, although the official and unofficial exchange rates continue to converge. Black market

exchanges remain illegal and visitors are encouraged to exchange funds at banks or hotels. Domestic

and international air services generally operate on schedule. Internal travel is usually safe along

major arteries. However, in rural areas and at night, bandit attacks are common, especially along the

border with Somalia. Additionally, not all land mines have been disabled and cleared, especially in

rural and isolated areas. Pickpocketing is rampant, and there have been numerous reports of thieves

snatching jewelry. Although physicians are well trained, medical facilities are minimal. Hospitals in

Addis Ababa suffer from inadequate facilities, antiquated equipment and shortages of supplies,

particularly medicine. Certain buildings and public places may not be photographed.

U.S. Embassy Web Site: http://www.telecom.net.et/~usemb-et/

Embassy of Ethiopia Web Site: http://www.ethiopianembassy.org

Gabon

Gabon is a developing West African nation. French is the official language. Facilities for tourism are

limited, especially outside the capital city. A visa is required, and must be obtained in advance of

arrival in Gabon. Medical facilities in Gabon are limited. Some medicines are not available. Petty

crime, such as robbery and mugging, is common, especially in urban areas.

The Gambia

The Gambia is a developing West African nation. Facilities for tourists such as hotels and restaurants

are common near the coast. In inland areas, there are few tourist facilities, mostly consisting of

campgrounds and small wildlife parks. A visa is required. Evidence of yellow fever immunization

must be submitted with the visa application. Malaria is common and is predominately the most

dangerous variety, Plasmodium Falciparum. Malaria prophylaxis is highly recommended, and

visitors should be aware that any fever or flu-like illness while in The Gambia or within three

months of travel to The Gambia requires urgent medical attention. Health facilities and services do

not meet U.S. standards and there is a limited selection of medicines available. Petty street crime

such as pickpocketing and purse snatching is a problem in some urban areas.

Embassy of Gambia Web Site: http://www.gambia.com/index.html

Ghana

Ghana is a developing country on the west coast of Africa. A visa and evidence of immunization for

yellow fever is required. Medical facilities in Ghana are limited, particularly outside the capital city

of Accra. Malaria is common, as are other tropical diseases. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, is a

problem. Robberies often occur in public places and at the beach. In order to comply with Ghanaian

law, currency transactions must be conducted with banks or foreign exchange bureaus. Visitors

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arriving in Ghana with electronic equipment, particularly video cameras and laptop computers may

be required to pay a refundable deposit of 17.5% of the item’s value prior to entry into the country.

In some areas, possession of a camera is considered to be suspicious. Individuals have been arrested

for taking pictures near sensitive installations. The government of Ghana does not recognize dual

nationality except for minors under 21 years of age. The wearing of any military apparel, such as

camouflage jackets or pants, or any clothing or items that may appear military in nature is strictly

prohibited.

U.S. Embassy Web Site: http://usembassy.state.gov/ghana/

Embassy of Ghana Web Site: http://www.ghana-embassy.org

Guinea

Guinea is a developing coastal West African country. The Department of State advises against travel

in or near southern border regions. Due to armed incursions across Guinea’s borders with Sierra

Leone and Liberia, the Department of State has recalled all U.S. government employees formerly

residing within 63 miles (100 kilometers) of the southern borders back to Conakry. Travelers should

consult the latest State Department Consular Information Sheet before making travel plans to

Guinea, and should register with the U.S. Embassy in Conakry upon arrival. Facilities for tourism

are minimal. A visa is required. Diseases such as malaria, including cerebral malaria, hepatitis and

intestinal hepatitis disorders are endemic. Evidence of yellow fever immunization is required and the

Guinean government recommends taking of malarial suppressants. Medical facilities are limited.

Street crime is very common. Criminals particularly target visitors at the airport in Conakry.

Pickpockets or persons posing as officials sometimes offer assistance and then steal bags, purses or

wallets. Travelers may wish to be met at the airport by travel agents, business contacts, family

members or friends to avoid this possibility. Permission from the Guinean government’s security

personnel is required for photographing government buildings, airports, bridges or official looking

buildings. Credit cards are rarely accepted in Guinea. Fund transfers between banks are frequently

difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish. Western Union and Moneygram have offices in Conakry.

The communications system is poor. It is recommended that travelers keep their passport in a safe

place and carry copies of the passport and visa(s) with them.

U.S. Embassy Web Site: http://www.eti-bull.net/usembassy/

Guinea-Bissau

The Department of State warns American citizens against travel to Guinea-Bissau. The U.S.

Embassy has suspended operations and all official Americans have departed the country. GuineaBissau is a developing nation on the west coast of Africa. Portuguese is the official language; French

is also widely spoken. Facilities for tourism are minimal, particularly outside the capital city of

Bissau. A visa must be obtained in advance; recent visitors arriving without visas via land or air have

been turned back. Two photos and evidence of yellow fever immunization must accompany visa

applications. Medical facilities in Guinea-Bissau are extremely limited. Medicines often are not

available. Malaria and other tropical diseases are common. Petty thievery and pickpocketing are

increasingly common, particularly at the airport, in markets and at public gatherings. Thieves have

occasionally posed as officials and stolen bags and other personal items. Visitors should request

permission from security personnel before photographing military or police installations. Small U.S.

currency denominations are most useful for exchange into Guinea-Bissau pesos. Credit cards and

travelers checks are rarely accepted in Guinea-Bissau. Fund transfers between banks are frequently

difficult and time-consuming to accomplish. Taking pesos out of the country is prohibited. Travelers

may have difficulty finding public phones and receiving international calls. Telephone services are

expensive.

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Kenya

Kenya is a developing East African country known for the wildlife in its national park system.

Tourist facilities are widely available in Nairobi, on the coast and in the game parks and reserves. No

visa is required for a tourist stay of up to one month. Proof of yellow fever immunization is required

if traveling from infected areas. Adequate medical services are available in Nairobi. There is a high

rate of street crime against tourists in downtown Nairobi, Mombasa, and at the coastal beach resorts.

Pickpockets and thieves are also involved in "snatch and run" crimes near crowds. While traveling in

wildlife areas, visitors should use reputable travel firms and knowledgeable guides and avoid

camping alone. Water in Nairobi is potable. In other parts of the country, water must be boiled or

bottled. Travel by passenger train in Kenya may be unsafe, particularly during the rainy season,

because of the lack of routine maintenance and safety checks.

Embassy of Kenya Web Site: http://www.kenyaembassy.com

Lesotho

Lesotho is a developing country surrounded on all sides by the Republic of South Africa. Facilities

for tourists are limited. Visas are required and should be obtained at a Lesotho diplomatic mission

abroad. However, some Americans have obtained visas without difficulties at the immigration office

in Maseru after entering the country from South Africa. Although basic medical facilities and

medicines are available in Lesotho, medical attention should be sought in South Africa if possible.

The political situation has been stable for the last two years and is expected to remain so in the near

term. Travel at night and travel in local mini-vans/taxis is dangerous. Travelers up-country in winter

(May-Sept) should be prepared for cold weather and snow. Street crime, car jacking and break-ins

are common in Maseru and can occur elsewhere as well. Credit cards are only accepted at a few

establishments in Maseru. The local currency, the maloti, is pegged to the South African rand, which

is accepted everywhere in Lesotho. Tap water is not reliably potable.

Liberia

U.S. citizens are warned to avoid travel due to unsettled security conditions. Liberia is a West

African country that has suffered internal strife for the past several years. Tourism facilities are poor,

and in some cases, non-existent. Travelers are required to have a visa prior to arrival. Evidence of

yellow fever vaccination is also required. An exit permit must be obtained from Liberian

immigration authorities upon arrival. Medical facilities have been disrupted and medicines are

scarce. Monrovia’s crime rate is high. Foreigners have been targets of street crime. Lodging, water,

electricity, fuel, transportation, telephone and postal services continue to be uneven in Monrovia.

Embassy of Liberia Web Site: http://www.liberiaemb.org

Madagascar

Madagascar, the "Great Red Island," is a developing island nation off the east coast of Africa. It is a

living museum offering endless fascination to the zoologist and botanist. Antananarivo, the capital,

enjoys a temperate climate but the island has a wide range of microclimates ranging from rain forests

in the northeast to desert in the southwest. Facilities for tourism are available, but vary in quality.

Visas are required; a 3-month non-renewable tourist visa is available at the airport. Evidence of

yellow fever immunizations is also required for all travelers who have been in an infected zone 6

months prior to their arrival here. If you will be traveling outside of Antananarivo, malaria

prophylactics are highly recommended. Check with your insurance company to confirm whether

your policy applies overseas, including provisions for medical evacuations, as medical facilities are

minimal and many medicines are unavailable. Most crime in Madagascar is non-confrontational

(pickpockets, snatch and grab, burglary) and travelers are reminded to be aware of their surroundings

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and not to carry valuables openly. There is little political unrest in Madagascar but travelers are

reminded not to photograph political gatherings or demonstrations, especially in towns outside

Antananarivo as this may put one at risk of arrest. Roads outside of the capital are generally not kept

in good repair and tend to be narrow and winding with many one-lane bridges. Travel at night on

these roads is not recommended due to the possibility of serious accidents.

Embassy of Madagascar Web Site: http://www.embassy.org/madagascar/

Malawi

Malawi is a developing African nation. The country had multiparty democratic elections in 1994 and

1999. Facilities for tourism exist in major cities, resort areas and games parks, but, are limited and

vary in quality. Medical facilities are limited and not up to U.S. standards. Medicines and medical

equipment are in short supply. Lake Malawi is not bilharzia-free. Dress code restrictions, which

applied to all visitors in Malawi, are no longer in effect. Travelers may wear comfortable clothes, but

may wish to dress modestly, especially when visiting remote areas. Petty crime including

pickpocketing and purse snatching occurs in urban areas. Residential crime and vehicle thefts are on

the increase. Road travel at night, particularly outside the three major cities is not recommended due

to the high number of serious road accidents. Major credit cards are generally accepted for payment

of hotel bills. It is forbidden to take more than 200 kwacha (Malawi currency) out of the country.

Mali

Mali is a West African nation with a democratically elected system of government. Facilities for

tourism are limited but developing. A visa is required. Evidence of a yellow fever vaccination is also

required. Medical facilities are limited and many medicines are unavailable. Petty crime, including

pickpocketing and purse snatching, is common. Incidents of banditry and vehicle theft have been

reported along major travel routes, near the principal cities and in smaller towns, especially in the far

north. Victims have included foreigners. The roads from Bamako to Mopti, Douentza, Koutiala,

Sikasso, and Bougouni, and a few other roads are paved. Otherwise, road conditions are poor,

particularly in the rainy season from mid-June to mid-September. Driving is hazardous after dark,

and nighttime travel may be dangerous. Photography of military subjects is restricted; however,

interpretation of what may be considered off limits varies. Other subjects may be considered

sensitive from a cultural or religious viewpoint and it is helpful to obtain permission before taking

pictures. The Malian currency is the CFA franc which is exchangeable for French francs at a fixed

rate. Exchange of dollars in cash or travelers checks is slow and often involves out-of-date rates. Use

of credit cards is limited to payments for services at only two hotels in Bamako. Cash advances on

credit cards are performed by one bank in Mali, the BMCD Bank in Bamako, and only with a VISA

credit card. International calls are expensive and difficult to make outside of Bamako. Collect calls

cannot be made from Mali.

Embassy of Mali Web Site: http://www.maliembassy-usa.org

Mauritania

Mauritania is a moderate Muslim republic located in northwestern Africa. A visa is required, as is

evidence of yellow fever immunization and proof of sufficient funds. Facilities for tourism and

internal travel are limited. Medical facilities in Mauritania are limited, and medicines are difficult to

obtain. While Mauritania is safer than most African countries, petty crime exists, and the regions

bordering Morocco and Mali may be hazardous due to land mines and banditry. Local currency may

not be imported or exported. Dollars, especially $100 bills, may be easily exchanged in exchange

offices or banks. Credit cards are only accepted in a few hotels in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou. Cash

advances on credit cards and collect calls are not available from Mauritania.

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Mauritius

The Republic of Mauritius has a democratic stable government and a growing economy. Facilities

for tourism are highly developed. Although the spoken languages are French and Creole, English is

the official language. An onward/return ticket and evidence of sufficient funds are required for

entrance to Mauritius. U.S. citizens do not need visas for a stay of three months or less for business

or tourism. Petty crime is common in Mauritius.

U.S. Embassy Web Site: http://usembassymauritius.mu/

Embassy of Mauritius Web Site: http://www.idsonline.com/usa/embasydc.html

Mozambique

Mozambique, a less developed country in southern Africa, ended a 17-year civil war in October 1992

with the signing of a peace agreement between the government and the rival rebel group. Facilities

for tourism are severely limited outside of Maputo. Travel by road outside of the major urban areas

is possible; however, road conditions vary greatly. A visa is required and must be obtained in

advance. Evidence of a yellow fever and cholera vaccination is also required. Medical facilities are

minimal and many medicines are unavailable. Maputo’s special clinic, which requires payment in

hard currency, can provide general non-emergency services. Economic conditions in the country,

spotty police protection and years of war have caused an increase in violent and armed robberies,

break-ins and auto thefts. Victims, including members of the foreign community, have been killed.

Traveling alone or at night is particularly risky. Currency can be converted at locations authorized by

the Mozambican government. Currency conversions on the black market are illegal and very risky.

Credit cards are not widely accepted in Mozambique. Some merchants prefer to be paid in U.S.

dollars.

Embassy of Mozambique Web Site: http://www.embamoc-usa.org

Namibia

Namibia is a Southern African country with a moderately developed economy. Facilities for tourism

are available. An onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds are required for entrance into

Namibia. A visa is not required for tourist or business visits under 90 days. Medical facilities are

relatively modern, especially in the city of Windhoek. Some petty crime occurs.

U.S. Embassy Web Site: http://www.usembassy.namib.com

Niger

Niger is an inland African nation whose northern area includes a part of the Sahara Desert. Tourism

facilities are minimal, particularly outside of Niamey. A visa is required to enter Niger. Visas are

valid for a period of one week to three months from the date of issuance, depending on the type of

visa and category of traveler. Yellow fever vaccinations are required for entry into Niger. Medical

facilities are minimal in Niger, particularly outside the capital of Niamey. Some medicines are in

short supply. Armed bandits operate in northern Niger, and a number of people have been killed.

Thieves and pickpockets are especially active in tourist areas. Care must be taken in walking city

streets anywhere, at any time, but especially at night. There have been incidents of groups of men

assaulting women who are, or appear to be, African, and who are wearing garments other than the

traditional ankle-length wrap known as "pagnes." Tourists are free to take pictures anywhere in

Niger, except near military installations, radio and television stations, the Presidency Building, and

the airport. There are no laws restricting currency transactions in Niger. International telephones

service to and from Niger is expensive and callers experience delays getting a line. Faxes are often

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garbled due to poor quality.

Nigeria

The Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the dangers of travel to Nigeria. A visa is required

for admission the country and no visas are issued at the airport. Evidence of yellow fever vaccination

is also required. Tourist facilities are limited. Violent crime is a serious problem, especially in Lagos,

and the southern half of the country. Foreigners in particular are vulnerable to armed robbery,

assault, burglary, carjackings and extortion. Disease is widespread and the public is not always

informed in a timely manner about outbreaks of typhoid, cholera and yellow fever. Malaria,

including potentially fatal cerebral malaria, and hepatitis are endemic. Medical facilities are limited.

Not all medicines are available. Permission is required to take photographs of government buildings,

airports, bridges or official looking buildings. Permission may be obtained from Nigerian security

personnel. Persons seeking to trade at lower rates on the "black market" could be arrested or shaken

down. To avoid problems, dollars should be exchanged for naira (Nigerian currency) only at the

official rate and at approved exchange facilities, including many major hotels. (This is no longer

true. Foreign exchange is now liberalized.) Credit cards are rarely accepted, and their use is generally

ill advised because of the prevalence of credit card fraud in Nigeria and perpetrated by Nigerians in

the United States. Travelers' checks can be exchanged at the airport, but due to insecurity at and near

the airport, travelers are advised not to cash large amounts at the airport. There are very few, if any,

facilities in Nigeria for cashing travelers checks other than as a courtesy for guests at major hotels.

Check with your hotel before arrival to see if they offer this service. It is often necessary to bring

currency in sufficient amounts to cover the trip. Transfers between banks are practically impossible

to accomplish. Prospective visitors should consult the Consular Information Sheet for Nigeria.

Because of the incidence of business scams and swindles, persons interested in doing business in

Nigeria are advised to consult Tips for Business Travelers to Nigeria before providing any

information or funds in response to an unverified business offer. This publication is available free of

charge by sending a self-addressed, stamped envelope to the Office of Overseas Citizens Services,

Department of State, Washington, DC 20520-4818, or, visit the Bureau of Consular Affairs web site

at http://travel.state.gov/tips_nigeria.html.

Rwanda

Rwanda is a central East African country recovering from civil war and a genocide in 1994. Visas

are not required for stays of less than 90 days. A yellow fever immunization is required. Medical

facilities are severely limited and extremely overburdened. Looting and street crime are common.

Civilian law enforcement authorities may be limited. Sporadic attacks by insurgents still occur in the

northwest and unexploded ordnance remains a danger off well-traveled roads in the northwest as

well.

Embassy of Rwanda Web Site: http://www.rwandemb.org

Sao Tome and Principe

Sao Tome and Principe is a developing island nation off the west coast of Africa. Facilities for

tourism are not widely available. A visa is required and must be obtained prior to arrival in country.

Medical facilities in Sao Tome and Principe are limited. Some crime occurs. There is no U.S.

Embassy in Sao Tome and Principe. Inquiries may be made at the U.S. Embassy in neighboring

Gabon.

Senegal

Senegal is a French speaking West African country. Facilities for tourists are widely available

although of varying quality. Visas are not required for stays of less than 90 days. Medical facilities

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are limited, particularly in areas outside the capital city, Dakar. Street crime in Senegal poses

moderate risks for visitors. Most reported incidents involve pickpockets, purse snatchers and street

scam artists.

U.S. Embassy Web Site: http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/sg1/wwwhemb.html

Seychelles

Seychelles is a tropical island nation in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa. The principle

island of Mahe has a population of about 50,000. The two other islands with significant permanent

populations are Praslin and La Digue. Facilities for tourism are generally well developed. A visa is

required and may be issued on arrival for a stay of up to one month. There is no charge. The visa

may be extended for a period of up to one year. Medical facilities in Seychelles are limited,

especially in the isolated outer islands, where doctors are often unavailable. Petty crime occurs,

although violent crime against tourists is considered to be rare. Keep valuables in hotel safes. Close

and lock hotel windows at night, even while the room is occupied to minimize the risk of crime.

Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone is a developing country that has few facilities for tourism and poses considerable risks

for travelers. Outside the capital city of Freetown, approximately 60% of the country remains under

rebel control, and travel to these areas should not be attempted. A visa is required. Airport visas are

not available upon arrival in Sierra Leone. Cholera and yellow fever immunizations are required if

arriving from an infected area. Malaria suppressants are recommended. Medical facilities are limited

and medicines are in short supply. Sterility of equipment is questionable and treatment is often

unreliable. Travelers must declare foreign currency being brought into Sierra Leone. Declaration is

made on an exchange control form that must be certified and stamped at the port of entry. Petty

crime and theft of wallets and passports are common. Main roads and highways throughout the

country have many roadblocks manned by the military, rebels or civil defense forces, who demand

payment in exchange for passage. Permission is required to photograph government buildings,

airports, bridges or official-looking buildings. Areas forbidding photography are not marked or

defined. Telephone service is unreliable.

Somalia

U.S. citizens are warned not to travel to Somalia. The Liaison Office in Mogadishu ceased

operations in September 1994. No visas are required because there is no functioning government.

Anyone entering Somalia must receive immunization against cholera, typhoid and yellow fever, and

obtain a doctor’s advice regarding any other immunizations that might be necessary. There are

virtually no health facilities or medicines available in Somalia. Looting, banditry and all forms of

violent crime are common in Somalia, particularly in the capital city of Mogadishu. Electricity,

water, food and lodging are unobtainable on a regular basis. Parts of the north, including much of the

self-declared "Republic of Somaliland," are relatively peaceful and calm.

South Africa

Although South Africa is in many respects a developed country, much of its population, particularly

in rural areas, lives in poverty. There are adequate facilities in all urban centers, game parks and

areas most commonly visited by tourists. A passport valid for at least six months is required but a

visa is not required for visits for holiday, business or transit purposes. However, visas are required

for extended stays, employment, study and for diplomatic and official passport holders. Evidence of

a yellow fever vaccination is necessary if arriving from an infected area. Medical facilities are good

in urban areas and in the vicinity of game parks and beaches, but may be limited elsewhere. Food

and water are generally safe and a wide variety of consumer goods and pharmaceuticals are readily

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available. There is continuing and significant street crime such as muggings, pickpocketing, and

random street violence, which affects foreigners as well as local residents, especially in the center of

major cities such as Johannesburg. Road conditions are generally good but there is a very high

incidence of highway casualties, especially over holiday weekends.

U.S. Embassy Web Site: http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/sf1/wwwhmain.html

Embassy of South Africa Web Site: http://usaembassy.southafrica.net

Sudan

The Department of State warns U.S. citizens against all travel to Sudan. The Government of Sudan

has been fighting a civil war against a southern secessionist movement for more than 17 years. The

war is active in southern and eastern parts of the country. The United States has no permanent

diplomatic presence in Sudan, and updated information is not available because of the decreased of

diplomatic presence there. Sudan is a large under-developed country in northeastern Africa. Tourism

facilities are minimal. A visa is required to enter Sudan. Visas are not granted in passports showing

Israeli visas. Travelers are required to register with police headquarters within three days of arrival.

Travelers must obtain police permission before moving to another location in Sudan and must

register with police within 24 hours of arrival at the new location. The Sudanese government

recommends that malarial suppressants be taken, and that yellow fever, cholera and meningitis

vaccinations are in order. The exchange of money at other than an authorized banking institution

may result in arrest and loss of funds though unscrupulous black marketeers. A permit must be

obtained before taking photographs anywhere in Khartoum, as well as in the interior of the country.

Photographing military areas, bridges, drainage stations, broadcast stations, public utilities and slum

areas or beggars is prohibited. Disruption of water and electricity is frequent. Telecommunications

are slow and often not possible. Unforeseen circumstances such as sandstorms and electrical outages

may cause flight delays.

Embassy of Sudan Web Site: http://www.sudanembassyus.org

Swaziland

Swaziland is a small developing nation in southern Africa. Facilities for tourism are available. Visas

are not required of tourists planning to stay less than 60 days. Temporary residence permits are

issued in Mbabane, the capital. For longer stays, visitors must report to immigration authorities or to

a police station within 48 hours of arrival, if they are not lodged in a hotel. Yellow fever and cholera

immunizations are required for visitors arriving from an infected area. Anti-malarial treatment is

recommended. Medical facilities are limited. Petty street crime, primarily theft of money and

personal property occurs with some frequency.

Tanzania

Tanzania is an East African nation. Tourist facilities are adequate in major cities but limited in

remote areas. A visa is required for entrance into the country. Visas for mainland Tanzania are also

valid for Zanzibar. Airport visas may be obtained only in Zanzibar; they are not available at

mainland airports. Yellow fever and cholera immunizations are required if arriving from an affected

area. Airport officials often require current immunization records from travelers arriving from noninfected areas as well. Medical facilities are limited. Some medicines are in short supply or

unavailable. Malaria is endemic in Tanzania and anti-malarial prophylaxis is advisable. Numerous

cases of meningococcal meningitis and cholera have been reported throughout the country. Crime is

a concern in both urban and rural areas of Tanzania. Incidents include muggings, vehicle thefts and

residential break-ins. Valuables such as passports, travelers’ checks, cameras and jewelry are

particular targets for thieves, and are easily stolen if left in luggage at airline check-ins or hotel

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lobbies. Photography of military installations is forbidden. Individuals have been detained and/or had

their cameras and film confiscated for taking pictures of hospitals, schools, bridges, industrial sites

and airports.

Togo

Togo is a small West African nation with a developing economy. Tourism facilities are limited,

especially outside the capital city. A visa is required. Yellow fever immunizations are also required.

Medical facilities in Togo are limited under normal conditions and have degraded because of a long

general strike, the departure of medical personnel and the closure or reduction of service in clinics

and hospitals. Some medicines are available through local pharmacies. Petty crime, including

pickpocketing, has increased.

Uganda

Uganda is an East African nation. Tourism facilities are adequate in Kampala; they are limited, but

are improving in other areas. U.S. travelers may obtain a visa at a Ugandan embassy, consulate or at

Entebbe Airport, near Kampala. Travelers are urged to procure a visa from the nearest Ugandan

embassy or consulate at their earliest convenience. Evidence of immunization for yellow fever is

required. Immunization for cholera and typhoid is recommended. Medical facilities in Uganda are

limited. Medical supplies, equipment and medication are often in short supply or not available.

Incidents of armed vehicle hijacking and armed highway robbery occur throughout the country with

varying frequency. Many roads in Uganda are poor and bandit activity in some areas is both frequent

and unpredictable. Insurgent activities have made travel to the northern area of the country risky.

Highway travel at night is particularly dangerous. Photographing security forces or government

installations is prohibited.

Embassy of Uganda Web Site: http://www.ugandaweb.com/ugaembassy/

Zambia

Zambia is a developing African country. Tourist facilities outside of well-known game parks are not

fully developed. A visa is required prior to entering the country. Medical facilities are limited.

Cholera and yellow fever are endemic. Crime is prevalent in Zambia. Muggings and petty theft are

commonplace, especially in Lusaka in the vicinity of Cairo Road and in other commercial areas.

Road travel at night is not recommended, especially outside of urban areas.

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is a landlocked Southern African nation with extensive tourist facilities. To enter the

country, a passport, return ticket, and adequate funds are required. U.S. citizens travelling to

Zimbabwe for tourism, business and transit can obtain a visa at the airports and border points of

entry or in advance from the Embassy of Zimbabwe in Washington, D.C. U.S. travelers are required

to pay a visa entry fee at the point of entry into Zimbabwe, and there is an airport departure tax of

$20 payable by all U.S. citizens. Medical facilities in Zimbabwe are limited, and many medicines are

in short supply. Carjacking, street crime, rape and credit card fraud are on the increase, particularly

in Harare and tourist resort areas. Bus travel can be dangerous due to overloaded buses, inadequate

maintenance, and unskilled drivers, and fuel shortages can complicate any travel plans within the

country whether by bus or automobile. Zimbabwean authorities are extremely sensitive about

photographing certain locations and buildings, including government offices, airports, military

installations, official residences and embassies. Deteriorating economic conditions have sparked

sporadic and sometimes violent riots and U.S. citizens should avoid all demonstrations and political

rallies. Squatters have occupied many commercial farms, and those occupations have led to

significant violence. Numerous game reserves and lodges around the country have been affected by

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these occupations and many have closed. U.S. citizens are urged to avoid occupied farms and to

reconfirm lodging reservations immediately prior to departure for Zimbabwe.

Embassy of Zimbabwe Web Site: http://www.zimweb.com/Embassy/Zimbabwe/

U.S. Embassies and Consulates Abroad

Note: The workweek is Monday-Friday except where noted. Mail to APO and FPO addresses must

originate in the United States; the street address must not appear in an APO or FPO address.

ANGOLA

American Embassy

Rua Houari Boumedienne

P.O. Box 6468

Luanda

Tel: (244-2) 34-54-81

BENIN

American Embassy

Rue Caporal Anani Bernard

B.P. 2012

Cotonou

Tel: (229) 30-06-50

BOTSWANA

American Embassy

P.O. Box 90

Gaborone

Tel: (267) 353-982

BURKINA FASO

American Embassy

B.P. 35

Ouagadougou 01

Tel: (226) 30-67-23

BURUNDI

American Embassy

B.P. 34 1720

Bujumbura

Tel: (257)(2) 23454

CAMEROON

American Embassy

Rue Nachtigal, B.P. 817

Yaounde

Tel: (237) 23-40-14

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CAPE VERDE

American Embassy

Rua Abilio Macedo 81

C.P. 201

Praia

Tel: (238) 61-56-16

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

American Embassy

Avenue David Dacko

B.P. 924

Bangui

Tel: (236) 61-02-00

CHAD

American Embassy

Avenue Felix Eboue

B.P. 413

N’djamena

Tel: (235) 516-218

THE COMOROS

Services provided by the American Embassy in Port Louis, Mauritius.

CONGO

American Embassy

Avenue Amilcar Cabral

B.P. 1015, Box C

Brazzaville

Tel: (242) 83-20-70

COTE d’IVOIRE

American Embassy

5 Rue Jesse Owens 01

B.P. 1712

Abidjan

Tel: (225) 21-09-79

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

American Embassy

310 Avenue des Aviateurs

Unit 31550

Kinshasa

Tel: (243)(12) 21523

DJIBOUTI

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American Embassy

Plateau du Serpent

Blvd. Marechal Joffre

B.P. 185

Djibouti

Tel: (253) 353-995

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

American Embassy

Calle de Los Ministros

P.O. Box 597

Malabo

Tel: (240-9) 2406

ERITREA

American Embassy

34 Zera Yacob St.

P.O. Box 211

Asmara

Tel: (291-1) 12-00-04

ETHIOPIA

American Embassy

Entoto St., P.O. Box 1014

Addis Ababa

Tel: (251-1) 550-666, ext. 316/336

GABON

American Embassy

Blvd. de la Mer

B.P. 4000

Libreville

Tel: (241) 762-003, 743-492

THE GAMBIA

American Embassy

Kairaba Ave.

P.M.B. No. 19

Banjul

Tel: (220) 392856, 392858, 391970/1

GHANA

American Embassy

Ring Road East

P.O. Box 194

Accra

Tel: (223-21) 775-347

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GUINEA

American Embassy

2nd Blvd. and 9th Ave.

B.P. 603

Conakry

Tel: (224) 41-15-20/1/3

GUINEA-BISSAU

American Embassy

C.P. 297

1067 Codex

Bissau

Tel: (245) 25-2273

KENYA

American Embassy

Mombassa Rd.

P.O. Box 30137

Nairobi

Tel. 254-2-537-800

LESOTHO

American Embassy

254 Kingsway

P.O. Box 333, Maseru 100

Maseru

Tel: (266) 312-666

LIBERIA

American Embassy

111 United Nations Dr.

P.O. Box 10-0098

Mamba Point

Monrovia

Tel: (231) 222-991

MADAGASCAR

American Embassy

14 and 16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola

B.P. 620

Antananarivo

Tel: (261)(2) 21257, 20089

MALAWI

American Embassy

Area 40, Plot #24

Kenyatta Road

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P.O. Box 30016

Lilongwe 3, Malawi

Tel: (265) 783-166

MALI

American Embassy

Rue de Rochester N.Y.

B.P. 34

Bamako

Tel: (223) 223-678,225-470

MAURITANIA

American Embassy

B.P. 222

Nouakchott

Tel: (222)(2) 52660

Workweek: Sunday-Thursday

MAURITIUS

American Embassy

John F. Kennedy Street

Port Louis

Tel: (230) 208-9764

MOZAMBIQUE

American Embassy

Avenida Kaunda 193

Maputo

Tel: (258)(1) 49-27-97

NAMIBIA

American Embassy

Private Bag 12029

Ausspannplatz

Windhoek, Namibia

Tel: (264-61) 22-1601

NIGER

American Embassy

B.P. 11201

Niamey

Tel: (227) 722-661

NIGERIA

American Embassy

2 Eleke Crescent

Victoria Island, Lagos

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Tel: (234)(1) 261-0050

RWANDA

American Embassy

Blvd. de la Revolution

B.P. 28

Kigali

Tel: (250) 75601

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Falls under the jurisdiction of the American Embassy in Libreville, Gabon

SENEGAL

American Embassy

Avenue Jean XXIII

B.P. 49

Dakar

Tel: (221) 23-42-96

SEYCHELLES

American Embassy

Box 148, Unit 62501

Victoria

Tel: (248) 225-256

SIERRA LEONE

American Embassy

Corner Walpole and Siaka Stevens St.

Freetown

Tel: (232-22) 226-481

SOMALIA

U.S. Liaison Office ceased operation September 1994; services provided through the U.S. Embassy

in Nairobi, Kenya

SOUTH AFRICA

American Embassy

887 Pretorius St.

Pretoria

Tel: (27)(12) 342-1048

American Consulate General

Broadway Industries Center

Heerengracht

Foreshore

Cape Town

Tel: (27)(21) 214-280

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American Consulate General

Durban House, 29th Fl.

333 Smith St.

Durban 4001

Tel: (27)(31) 304-4737

American Consulate General

1 River Street, Killarney

Johannesburg

Tel: (27)(11) 644-8000

SUDAN

American Embassy

Sharia Ali Abdul Latif

P.O. Box 699

Khartoum

Tel: 74700, 74611

Workweek: Sunday-Thursday

SWAZILAND

American Embassy

Central Bank Bldg.

Warner Street

P.O. Box 199

Mbabane

Tel: (268) 464-41/5

TANZANIA

American Embassy

30 Laibon Rd. (off Ali Hassan Mwinyi Rd.)

P.O. Box 9123

Dar Es Salaam

Tel: (255)(51) 66010/4

TOGO

American Embassy

Rue Pelletier Caventou & Rue Vauban

B.P. 852

Lome

Tel: (228)(21) 29-91

UGANDA

American Embassy

Parliament Ave.

P.O. Box 7007

Kampala

Tel: (256)(41) 259-792, 259-795

ZAMBIA

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American Embassy

Independence and United Nations Aves.

P.O. Box 31617

Lusaka

Tel: (260)(1) 250-955

ZIMBABWE

American Embassy

P.O. Box 3340

Harare

Tel: (263)(4) 794-521

Foreign Embassies in the U.S.

Embassy of Angola

1819 L Street, NW

Suite 400

Washington, DC 20036

(202) 452-1042/43

Embassy of the Republic of Benin

2737 Cathedral Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 232-6656

Embassy of the Republic of Botswana

1531 New Hampshire Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20036

(202) 244-4990

Embassy of Burkina Faso

2340 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 332-5577

Embassy of the Republic of Burundi

2233 Wisconsin Ave., NW

Suite 212

Washington, DC 20007

(202) 342-2574

Embassy of the Republic of Cameroon

2349 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 265-8790 to 8794

Embassy of the Republic of Cape Verde

3415 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20007

(202) 965-6820

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Embassy of Central African Republic

1618 22nd Street, NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 483-7800

Embassy of the Republic of Chad

2002 R Street, NW

Washington, DC 20009

(202) 462-4009

Embassy of the Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros

336 East 45th Street

2nd Floor

New York, NY 10017

(212) 972-8010

Embassy of the Republic of Congo

4891 Colorado Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20011

(202) 726-5500

Embassy of the Republic of Cote d’Ivoire

2424 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 797-0300

Embassy of the Democratic Republic of Congo

1800 New Hampshire Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20009

(202) 234-7690/1

Embassy of the Republic of Djibouti

1156 15th Street, NW

Suite 515

Washington, DC 20005

(202) 331-0270

Embassy of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea

1511 K Street, NW

Suite 405

Washington, DC 20005

(202) 393-0348

Embassy of Eritrea

910 17th Street, NW

Suite 400

Washington, DC 20009

(202) 429-1991

Embassy of Ethiopia

2134 Kalorama Road, NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 234-2281/2

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Embassy of the Gabonese Republic

2034 20th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20009

(202) 797-1000

Embassy of the Gambia

1155 15th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005

(202) 785-1399

Embassy of Ghana

3512 International Drive, NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 686-4520

Embassy of the Republic of Guinea

2112 Leroy Place, NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 483-9420

Embassy of Guinea-Bissau

1511 K Street, NW

Suite 519

Washington, DC 20005

(202) 347-3950

Embassy of Kenya

2249 R Street, NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 387-6106

Embassy of the Kingdom of Lesotho

2511 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 797-5533

Embassy of the Republic of Liberia

5303 Colorado Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20011

(202) 723-0437

Embassy of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar

2374 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 265-5525/6

Embassy of Malawi

2408 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 797-1007

Embassy of the Republic of Mali

2130 R Street, NW

Washington, DC 20008

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(202) 332-2249

Embassy of the Republic of Mauritania

2129 Leroy Place, NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 232-5700/01

Embassy of Mauritius

4301 Connecticut Ave., NW

Suite 441

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 244-1491/2

Embassy of the Republic of Mozambique

1990 M Street, NW

Suite 570

Washington, DC 20036

(202) 293-7146

Embassy of Namibia

1605 New Hampshire Ave. NW

Washington, DC 20009

(202) 986-0540

Embassy of the Republic of Niger

2204 R Street, NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 483-4224

Embassy of the Republic of Nigeria

2201 M Street, NW

Washington, DC 20037

(202) 822-1500 or 1522

Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda

1714 New Hampshire Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20009

(202) 232-2882

Permanent Mission of Sao Tome & Principe

to the U.N.

400 Park Avenue

7th Floor

New York, NY 10022

(212) 317-0533

Embassy of the Republic of Senegal

2112 Wyoming Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 234-0540

Permanent Mission of the Seychelles to the U.N.

800 Second Avenue

Suite 400

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New York, NY 10017

(212) 972-1785

Embassy of Sierra Leone

1701 19th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20009

(202) 939-9261

Consulate of the Somali Democratic Republic

New York, NY

(212) 688-9410

Embassy of South Africa

Consular Office

3051 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20016

(202) 966-1650

Embassy of the Republic of Sudan

2210 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 338-8565 to 8570

Embassy of the Kingdom of Swaziland

3400 International Drive, NW

Suite 3M

Washington, DC

(202) 362-6683

Embassy of the United Republic of Tanzania

2139 R Street, NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 939-6125

Embassy of the Republic of Togo

2208 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 234-4212/3

Embassy of the Republic of Uganda

5911 16th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20011

(202) 726-7100 to 02

Embassy of the Republic of Zambia

2419 Mass. Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20008

(202) 265-9717 to 19

Embassy of Zimbabwe

1608 New Hampshire Ave., NW

Washington, DC 20009

(202) 332-7100

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Planning Another Trip?

The following pamphlets published by the Bureau of Consular Affairs can be found on our web site

at http://travel.state.gov. Copies may also be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.

Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402; tel: (202) 512-1800; fax: (202) 512-2250. If

ordered from the GPO, the price of each publication ranges from $1.00 to $1.50. (Prices and

availability are subject to change without notice. Please check with the Government Printing Office

for more information.)

Your Trip Abroad

A Safe Trip Abroad

Tips for Americans Residing Abroad

Travel Tips for Older Americans

Country specific information can be found in the following publications:

Tips for Travelers to Canada

Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean

Tips for Travelers to Central and South America

Tips for Travelers to the People’s Republic of China

Tips for Travelers to South Asia

Tips for Travelers to Mexico

Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa

Tips for Travelers to Russia

The following publications may be ordered for 50 cents EACH from the Consumer Information

Center, Pueblo, Colorado 81009 or call (719) 948-4000:

General entry and visa information for these and other countries are available in Foreign Entry

Requirements.

Information on how, when and where to apply for your U.S. passport is available in Passports:

Applying for Them the Easy Way.

Go to the Travel Publications Page

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