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# OAR Box 1413 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 67 ) 11-1-6 7 Docket Number: 

# A-94-5 2

Printed 7/9/2008 3:11:23 PM

Sheet 67 of 114P. 2 

## A.94.5' . 11-'B - 6 7 

# Baselin e of Emission s Fiberglas s Boa t



# mmmm,



# mgmmjm-iP. 3



### BASELINECHARACTERIZATIO NO FEMISSION S FRO M FIBERGLAS S BOA T MANUFACTURIN G

FO R NATIONA LMARIN EMANUFACTURER S ASSOCIATIO N

Prepare dfo r Nationa l Marin e Manufacturer s Associatio n 305 0 K Street , N.W. , Suit e 14 5 Washington , D.C
. 2000 7
Prepare db y Stellin g Engineering , P.A
. 131 9 Arnett e Avenu e Durham , Nort hCarolin a2770 7 Air-Tec hEnvironmenta l LL C P.O
. Bo x 1235 3 Researc hTriangl e Park , Nort hCarolin a2770 9

Radia nInternationa l LL C P.O
. Bo x 1300 0 Researc hTriangl e Park , Nort hCarolin a2770 9

Augus t 199 7
s~tP. 4



### /VMMA J&4&iBF4&'

Base-lin e Emissio n TH S t tnp , 

### Tabl e of Content s Pag e 1. 0 INTRODUCTIO N 1- 1 1. 1 Backgroun d1-2 1. 2 Purpos e o

f Testin g 1- 3 1. 3 Testin g 1- 3 1.3. 1 Tes t

Enclosur e 1- 4 1.3. 2 Proces s 1-5 1.3. 3 Samplin g Method s an dProcedure s 1- 7 1.3. 4 Mold s 1- 8 1.3. 5 Material s 1-9 1.3. 6 Schedul e ....1-1 0 1.4 Organizatio n o

f th e Repor t

1-1 0 2. 0 RESULT S 2- 1 2. 1 Summar y o

f Result s 2.- 1 2. 2 Evaluatio n o

f Emission s fro mContinuin g Trac e Concentration s 2- 6 2. 3 CF A Mol dResult s .....2-1 0 2. 4 Result s o

f Gelcoa t Applicatio n Testin g 2-1 3 2. 5 Result s o

f Resi n Laminatio n Testin g 2-1 6 2.5. 1 Emission s a s Percen t o f Availabl e Styren e 2-1 7 2.5. 2 Flu x Emission s ....2-2 0 2.5. 3 Normalize dEmission s 2-2 1 3. 0 CALIBRATIO NAN D SAMPLIN GPROCEDURE S 3- 1 3. 1 Proces s Procedure s an dMeasurement s 3- 2 3.1. 1 Applicatio n Procedure s 3- 3 3.1. 2 Spray Equipmen t

Calibratio n 3- 4 3.1. 3 Gel Tim e 3- 5 3.1. 4 Styren e an dMethy l Methacrylat e Conten t 3- 6 3. 2 Emissio n Testin g Equipmen t an dProcedure s 3- 7
ii i Kov
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# 3P. 5 

# mm/T Baselin e Emissio n Testin g



### Tabl e o f Content s (Continued ) Pag e 3.2. 1 Lea

k Chec k an dInstrumen t

Calibratio n 3- 7 3.2.1. 1 Total Hydrocarbo n Analyze r 3- 8 3.2.1. 2 Ga s Chromatograp h3-1 0 3.2. 2 Flo w Rat e Measurement s 3-1 1 3.2. 3 Temperatur e 3-1 2 3.2. 4 Weigh t

o f Materia l Use d3-1 2 3. 3 Ai r

Flo w Ove r

th e Mol d3-1 3 3. 4 Mas s Balanc e Styren e Recover} 7 

### Chec k ...3-1 5 3. 5 Dat aCustody....
. 3-1 6 4. 0 QUALITY CONTRO LAN D QUALIT Y ASSURANC E4- 1 4. 1 Concentratio n Measurement s 4- 1 4.1. 1 Tota l Hydrocarbo n Measurement s (Metho d25A) 4- 2 4.1. 2 Organi c Compoun dConcentration s (Metho d18 ) 4- 6 4.1. 3 Compariso n o

f Method s i n Determinin g Emission s 4-1 2 4. 2 Gelcoat

an dResi n Flo w Rat e 4-1 4 4. 3 Ai r

Velocity ove r

Mol dSurfac e 4-1 5 4. 4 Exhaus t

Flo w Rat e 4-1 5 4. 5 Exhaus t

Ai r Temperatur e 4-1 7 4. 6 Resin/Gelcoa t

Balanc e 4-1 7 4. 7 Technical System s Audi t 4-1 8 4.7. 1 Total Hvdrocarbo n Measuremen t 4-1 9 4.7. 2 Weig hCel l Balanc e 4-2 0 4.7. 3 Flo w Measuremen t , 4-2 2 4.7. 4 Styren e Evaporatio n Tes t 4-2 2

i v IM'V
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### /VMMA P. 6

Baselin e Emissio nTestinp , 

### Tabl e of Content s (Continued )

APPENDICE S APPENDIX A APPENDI X B

APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F APPENDL

X G APPENDI X H APPENDIX I Referenc e Method s

Constructio n o

f aTemporar y Tota l Enclosur e fo r Volatil e Organi c Compoun dEmissio n Assessmen t Durin g Manufactur e o

f Fiberglas s Boat s Calculation s Procedur e for

an dResult s o

f Ge l Tim e Determinatio n Materia l Safet

y Dat aSheet s Certification s fo r

Ga s Standard s an dEquipmen t Calibration s Bag Standard s Locatio n an dResult s o

f Ai r Flo w Ove r

th e Mol dMeasurement s Compariso n o

f NMM A Result s wit hThos e fromOthe r Studie s

Rev
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# JP. 7



### NMMA „ , _ JS^tWaWatW

Baselin e Emissio nTestin g



### LIS T O FTABLE S Pag e 1- 1 Parameter s Studie d1- 8 1- 2 Surfac e Area s o

f Mold s Use di n Tes t

Progra m1- 9 1-3 Propertie s o

f Gelcoa t an dResi n Material s 1-1 0 1- 4 Tes t Schedul e 1-1 1 2- 1 Summar y o

f Tes t Result s 2- 2 2- 2 Emission s Measure dDurin g Applicatio n o f Resi n t o CF

A Mol d2-1 1 2- 3 Emission s fro mGelcoatin g a s Percentag e o f Availabl e Volatile s 2-1 4 2-4 Tota l Emission s fro mGelcoatin g Relate dt o Mol dSurfac e Are a2-1 5 2- 5 Emission s Measure dDurin g Resi n Laminatio n 2-1 7 3- 1 Measurement s Durin g Tes t Progra m3- 1 3- 2 Ge l Tim e Result s 3- 6 3- 3 Styren e an dMM

A Content s 3- 6 4- 1 Acceptanc e Criteri afor Concentratio n Measurement s 4- 2 4- 2 Calibratio n Erro r

Measurement s fo r

Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyze r 4- 3 4- 3 Calibratio n Drif

t Measurement s for

Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyze r 4- 4 4-4 Specifi c Compoun dRespons e Factor s for th e Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyze r 4- 5 4- 5 Metho d1 8 Respons e Factor s fo r Targe t Compound s 4- 7 4- 6 Ga s Chromatograph y Calibration s (after Apri l 12) 4-1 0 4- 7 Compariso n of

Emissio n Result s b y Tw o Method s 4-1 2

v i Rev
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### NMMA JSKktyWaW

Baselin e Emissio nTestinp ,



### LIS T O FTABLE S (continued ) Pag e 4- 8 Spra y Equipmen t

Dat aSummar y 4-1 4 4- 9 Variabilit y Measure s fo r Flo w Rat e Durin g Tes t

Run s 4-1 6 4-1 0 Result s o

f Balanc e Calibratio n 4-1 8 4-1 1 Audi t

Result s fo

r Metho d25 A Measurement s 4-1 9 4-1 2 Result s o

f Audi t o f Balanc e 4-2 1 4-1 3 Result s o

f Flo w Rat e Audi t

....4-2 2 4-1 4 Result s o

f Styren e Evaporatio n Test s 4-2 3

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### NMMA „ , r Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### LIS T O FFIGURE S Pag e 2- 1 Summar y Concentratio n Trace s fo r Boat Laminatio n an dGelcoatin g 2- 3 2- 2 Emission s a s Percentag e o f Availabl e Monome r

2- 7 2- 3 Tota l Hydrocarbo n Concentratio n Trac e for NMMA-4- 1 2- 8 2-4 Concentratio n v . Cumulativ e Mas s Emission s (NMMA-4-1 ) 2- 9 2- 5 Emission s fromLaminatio nan dGelcoatin g o f th e CF A Mol d2-1 2 2- 6 Gelcoa t

Emission s a s Percen t

o f Availabl e Volatile s 2-1 4 2- 7 Emission s fromGelcoatin g Relate dt o Mol dSurfac e Are a2-1 6 2- 8 Emission s fromLaminatio n a s Functio n o f Availabl e Styren e 2-1 8 2- 9 Compariso n o

f Result s b y Tes t

2-1 9 2-1 0 Emission s fro

mResin Laminatio n a s Flu x Measuremen t 2-20 2-1 1 Averag e Emissio n Flu x Measurement s for Tw o Resin s 2-2 1 2-1 2 Normalize dEmission s fro mResi n Laminatio n 2-2 2 4- 1 Metho d1 8 Respons e Factor s fo r Styren e 4- 6 4- 2 Metho d1 8 Respons e Factor s for Methy l Methacrylat e 4- 7 4- 3 Metho d1 8 Respons e Factor s for Selecte dTes t

Day s 4- 8 4-4 Compariso n o

f Total Hydrocarbo n Trace s b y Tw o Method s 4-1 3

vii i Rev
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### /VMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testinp , 

### ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S Th e author s gratefull y acknowledg e U.S
. Marin e fo r th e us e o f thei r facilit y i n Arlington , Washington , fo

r thi s program . The y provide dspace , a n outstandin g facilit y for th e program , a n excellen t

enclosur e (designe dan dconstructe db y U.S
. Marine) , an d outstandin g suppor t

b y thei r personnel
. W e wis ht o specificall y recogniz e th e followin g peopl e for

thei r hel p i n makin g th e fiel dwor k i n Arlingto n suc hasuccess : Denni s Pearson , who , a s ou r U.S
. Marin e sit e coordinator , provide dconstan t oversigh t

an d hel p i n schedulin g space , personnel , molds , an dmaterials ; Denni s als o spearheade dth e desig n an dfabricatio n o

f th e temporar y tota l enclosure , whic hexceede dal l expectation s for ates t enclosur e o

f it s size ; Larry * Dargitz , U.S
. Marine' s lea dlaminatio n trainin g specialist , wh o conducte dth e boa t laminatio n wor k

durin g thi s program ; Ken Warren , U.S
. Marin e gelcoatin g specialist , wh o conducte dal l gelcoatin g run s durin g th e program ; an d Do n Barnhill , wh o extende dth e invitatio n an densure ddail y tha t th e progra mha d everythin g needed
. We wis ht o expres s appreciatio n to Researc hTriangl e Institut e an dth e U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y for

fundin g th e supplementa l testin g o f flo w choppe r

technology
. W e als o appreciat e th e suppor t o f thi s progra mb y th e EP A throug hit s audi t o f ou r technica l systems . Finally, w e wis ht o than k Joh n McKnight , th e NMM A Projec t Manager , fo

r hi s continue d suppor t o f thi s testin g progra mbefore , during , an dafter th e fiel dwork
.

i x R<-v
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### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 1. 0 INTRODUCTIO N

Unde r contrac t t o th e Nationa l Marin e Manufacturer s Associatio n (NMMA) , Stellin g Engineering , Air-Tec hEnvironmental , an dRadia n Internationa l conducte dtestin g i nApri l 199 7 t o characteriz e baselin e emission s fro mgelcoatin g an dlaminatio nof fiberglas s boats
. Testin g wa s conducte di n accordanc e wit hth e QuaUty Assurance Project Plan for the National

Marine Manufacturers Association Baseline Emissions Testing Project (QAPP ) approve db y th e U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA ) i nMarc h1997
. A qualit y assuranc e (QA ) audi t

wa s performe db y th e EP A durin g thi s program . Visit s b y stat e regulator y authoritie s an dothe r intereste dpartie s wer e als o mad e durin g testing
. Th e tes t

progra mwa s designe dt o b e a s representativ e a s possibl e o f actua l fiberglas s boa t

manufacturing
. Testin g wa s conducte da t th e U.S
. Marin e (Bayliner ) fiberglas s boa t manufacturing , research , an d developmen t

facilit y i n Arlington , Washington , i na nenclosur e (insid e awoode n mode l fabricatio n area ) mad e availabl e fo r thi s purpose . Th e volatil e organi c compound s (VOC ) measure ddurin g thi s progra mwer e generate dfro m operation s identica l t o thos e i nactua l production , tha t is , usin g actua l boa t

par t molds , spra y equipment , resin s an dgelcoat , an dlaminatin g procedure s an d technique s typical o f

th e industry
. Experience dmanufacturin g personne l conducte dth e laminatio n an dgelcoating
. Onl y afe w run s incorporate damol d o r spra y technique s no t

typical o f

th e industry ; suc hrun s wer e designe dt o produc e dat afo r

compariso n wit hpreviou s emissio ntests . Durin g thi s samplin g program , Researc hTriangl e Institut e (RTI ) conducte daresearc hprogra mt o ascertai nth e viabilit y o f measurin g emission s

1- 1 Rev. l



# 0P.1 2



### WMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g fro mlaminatio n an dgelcoatin g operation s usin g amas s balanc e approach
. RTF s progra mwa s funde db y th e EPA' s Offic e o f Researc han dDevelopmen t (ORD ) an dwil l b e reporte dindependently
. 1. 1 Backgroun d

Withi n th e pas t

tw o years , severa l importan t samplin g an danalysi s program s hav e sough t

t o determin e styren e emission s fro mope nmoldin g o f polyeste r

resi n fabricate dparts . Mos t importan t

amon g thes e studie s wer e th e studie s conducte db y RT I fo r th e EP A an db y Do w Chemica l US A fo r th e Composit e Fabricator s Associatio n(CFA)
. Th e result s fro mthes e program s rais e question s abou t

th e emissio n factor s publishe di nth e EPA' s compendiu mof emissio n factors , AP-42 , especiall y fo r moldin g o f

larg e part s manufacture db y th e marin e industry
.

Still , non e o f

th e test s t o dat e adequatel y represen t industr y practic e o r

conclusivel y demonstrat e th e effec t o f mol dsiz e an dstyren e conten t o f resi n o n emissions
. Fo r example , th e result s o f thi s tes t progra mindicat e tha t th e relationshi p betwee n emission s o f styren e a s percen t

o f availabl e styren e i n th e resi n an dincreasin g styren e conten t doe s no t

appea r t o b e constant . Further , a n increas e i n mol dsiz e resulte di nincrease dflu x emission s (pound s styren e pe r squar e foo t

of surfac e are ao f

mold ) bu t

decrease dnormalize demission s (pound s styren e pe r

100 0 l b resi npe r

squar e foo t

o f mol dsurfac e area)
. Also , non e o f th e previou s test s include dgelcoa t containin g methy l methacrylat e (MMA) , whic hi s commo n i n th e boa t buildin g industry
.

1- 2 Rev. l 

# / IP.1 3



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 1. 2 Purpos e o f Testin g
Th e primar y projec t

objectiv e wa s t o characteriz e tota l hydrocarbo n (THC) , styrene , an dMM A emission s fro mth e ope nmoldin g proces s tiia t i s representativ e o f

fiberglas s boa t

manufacturing , specificall y spra y u p gelcoa t applicatio n an dresi n application
. Han dlay-up , define da s th e applicatio no f glas s an dresi n tha t

ar e mixe dmanuall y an dapplie db y brush , wa s no t par t of thi s stud) 7

. A techniqu e comparabl e t o han dlay-u p foun di nth e industr y i s th e us e o f aflo w chopper , aglas s choppe r simila r t o th e resi nchoppe r

gu nbu t equippe dwit halow-pressure , non-atomize dresi ndeliver y syste mresemblin g a nozzl e no t

unlik e ashowe r

hea dtha t

exude s catalyze dresin
. Th e principa l differenc e betwee n thi s techniqu e an dconventiona l spra y u p applicatio ni s tha t resi natomizatio n i s avoided
. Samplin g durin g laminatio nusin g aflo w choppe r wa s conducte dt o augmen t th e tes t matri x planne dfo r

thi s program ; thi s supplementa l samplin g wa s funde db y th e EP A throug hRTI
.

Thi s stud y wa s designe dt o produc e dat afo r estimatin g emission s fro mlaminatio n an dgelcoatin g i nfiberglas s boa t manufacturin g plants
. Th e dat aan danalyse s reporte di nthi s documen t ar e intende dt o b e usefu l t o plant s i n compilin g emissio n inventorie s an dassessin g permi t need s o r

changes
. 1. 3 Testin g

Samplin g wa s complete db y Darrel l Doerl e o f Air-Tec h Environmenta l an dJoh n Stellin g o f Stellin g Engineering
. Testin g wa s coordinate dwit hU.S
. Marin e personne l b y Joh nMcKnight , NMMA' s projec t manager . Larr y Dargit z o f U.S
. Marin e operate dth e resi napplicatio n

1- 3 Rev. lP. M

NMMA „ , _ Baselin e Emissio nTesting equipment , an dKe n Warre n o f U.S
. Marin e applie dgelcoa t fo r thos e experiments
. Test s wer e als o coordinate dwit hBo b Wright , Emer y Kong , an d Mar k Bahne r o f RTI
. RT I conducte dastud y i na nadjacen t enclosur e unde r contrac t t o th e EPA' s OR D t o measur e emission s fro mth e sam e laminatio n operation s a s conducte dfo r thi s progra mbu t

applie dt o asmal l panel
. Th e goa l o f thei r progra mwa s t o develo p asimplifie dmateria l balanc e approac hfo r determinin g emission s fro mfiberglas s lamination
. 1.3. 1 Tes t

Enclosur e
Th e testin g wa s carrie dou t a t th e U.S
. Marin e manufacturin g an d researc hfacilit y i n Arlington , Washington
. Th e tes t are awa s locate di na woode n mode l fabricatio n are awher e too l plug s ar e fabricated
. A larg e tes t enclosur e (2 0 f

t b y 4 5 f t b y 1 4 ft) meetin g th e tota l temporar y enclosur e (TTE ) requirement s o f

EP A Metho d20 4 (include di nAppendi x A ) wa s erecte di nthi s 27-f t b y 50-f t are at o accommodat e tool s (i.e. , molds ) rangin g fro m1 8 t o 2 8 f t i n length
. Sufficien t

spac e wa s provide di nth e enclosur e t o allo w technician s t o wor k aroun dth e too l an dt o mov e th e too l a s neede dt o appl y gelcoa t an dresin
. A descriptio n of

th e TT Ei s containe di nAppendi x B
. Natura l draft opening s (NDOs ) wer e arrange di n accordanc e wit hEP A Metho d204
. Measurement s wer e mad e t o ensur e tha t th e ai r velocit y acros s th e mol dsurfac e wa s comparabl e t o tha t

measure di nth e manufacturin g area . Th e exhaus t

syste mfo r

th e entir e mode l preparatio nroo m comprise dadua l pick-u p syste ma t on e en do f

th e roo m(nea r

th e constructe d enclosures ) exhaustin g t o asingl e induce ddraft fan
. Th e fa nha d20,000-cf m

1- 4 Rev. l



# / 3P.1 5



### NMMA Baselin e EmissionTesting capacity , far

mor e tha n neede dt o exhaus t th e tw o enclosures
. A t th e star t o f th e program , som e o f

th e pick-up s wer e close dt o develo p sufficien t dra w throug h th e enclosures
. Th e flo w rat e wa s balance dwit hbot henclosure s i nus e s o tha t th e turnove r

throug hth e larg e enclosur e use dfo r NMM A testin g wa s comparabl e t o tha t

i n th e manufacturin g area s o nsit e (i.e. , abou t 1 6 roo m change s pe r

hour)
. On-sit e check s i nth e productio nare averifie dthi s range . Th e enclosur e wa s equippe dwit htw o 10-in
. plen afo r exhaustin g th e enclosure
. Three-inc hopening s wer e installe dever) ' 3 f t i neac hplenu man d covere dwit hspu n fiberglas s filte r media
. Ai r

wa s supplie dt o th e enclosur e throug ha12-in
. plenu mi n th e ceilin g o f th e enclosure
. Thi s plenu mwa s ope n o nbot hends , limitin g th e ND O associate dwit hth e inle t ai r plenu mt o 1.57 1 ft2

. Th e enclosur e wa s equippe dwit hadoo r (whic hremaine dclose ddurin g testing ) an dazippere den dfo r changin g applicatio nequipmen t an dmold s betwee n tests . Thus , th e opening s o n bot hend s o f th e inle t ai r plenu mwer e th e onl y NDOs
. Th e opening s i n thi s plenu msatisfie dth e requirement s of Metho d20 4 fo r aTTE , representin g onl y 0.04 3 percen t o f th e tota l surfac e are ao f th e enclosure
. Also , considerin g aflo w rat e o f 2,60 0 t o 3,300 cfm , th e velocit y a t th e ND O wa s a t leas t 1,65 5 ft/min , als o satisfyin g Metho d20 4 requirements
. Ai r comin g int o th e enclosur e wa s monitore dcontinuousl y fo r hydrocarbo nconcentratio ndurin g eac htes t ru n i n accordanc e wit hMetho d204 ; thes e dat awer e recorde dwit h othe r continuou s monitorin g data
. 1.3. 2 Proces s

Th e polyeste r

resi nspray-u p applicatio nproces s commonl y use d i nth e boa t

buildin g industr y use s a"choppe r gun " t o appl y alaminate
. Th e choppe r gu n dispense s polyeste r resin , catalyst , an dchoppe dglas s fibers
.

1- 5 Rev. lP.1 6

NMMA n , _ . Baselin e Emissio n Testin g Continuou s stran dfiberglas s rovin g i s fe dt o achoppe r uni t mounte do nth e spra y gu n an di s cu t

int o choppe dfibe r

length s o f

approximatel y 1. 5 in
. long
. Th e choppe dfibe r

i s ejecte dfro mth e choppe r uni t an di s capture db y th e resi n fanpatter nashor t

distanc e fro mth e spra y gun . Th e mixtur e of th e catalyze d resi n an dchoppe dfibe r i s deposite do nth e mol db y th e sprayin g action
. Typica l of fiberglas s boa t

manufacture , wove nrovin g ( afabri c material ) wa s use dwit h resi n applicatio n b y spra y gu n an dflo w choppe r fo r th e additio nof

thi s reinforcement
. A Venu s Gusme r G0 3 airles s air-assiste dchoppe r gu nequippe d wit ha500 3 tip , typical o f gun s use di nth e industry , wa s use dfo r spra y applicatio n o f

resi n an dchoppe dglas s durin g thi s program . Resi n wa s supplie dt o th e choppe r gu nan dth e flo w choppe r b y a Venu s Gusme r

syste ma t

apum p rati o o f

1 1 t o 1
. Th e methy l ethy l keton e peroxid e (MEKP)/dimethy l phthalat e (DMP ) catalys t wa s internall y mixe dfo r bot hchoppe r

gu n an dflo w chopper , wit hth e catalys t delivere db y aslav e pum p system.
- Th e flo w choppe r wa s als o aVenu s Gusme r design
. Th e resi ni s delivere da t

amuc hlowe r

pressur e an dn o ai r

i s use dt o dispens e th e resi nint o th e choppe dglass
. Th e glas s i s choppe dint o length s usin g th e sam e metho da s i n th e choppe r

gun , bu t

becaus e ther e i s n o atomizin g air , th e dispersio npatter n of glas s an dresi n mixtur e i s mor e narrow .

Gelcoa t i s applie di nth e boa t

buildin g industr y usin g aspra y gun , typically a n airles s air-assiste dspra y gun . Fo r thi s program , gelcoa t

wa s delivere dt o th e spra y gu n usin g aGlas-Craf t pum p syste ma t

apum p rati o of

2 3 t o 1
. Catalyst , delivere dusin g ametere dfee dpump , wa s mixe dexternally
. A Poly-Craf

t 77 5 airles s air-assiste dspra y gu n(equippe dwit ha0.02 6 tip size ) wa s use ddurin g thi s program .

1- 6 Rev. l / iP.1 7



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g

Spra y applicatio nwa s conducte dusin g technique s commo nt o th e industry
. Thi s stud y wa s no t intende dt o compar e spra y techniques
. Therefore , skille dtechnician s fro mamanufacturin g lin e operate dth e gelcoa t an dchoppe r gun s i n al l tests , excep t thos e include dt o produc e dat atha t coul db e mor e directl y compare dt o previou s tests . 1.3. 3 Samplin g Method s an d Parameter s

Metho d25A , continuou s monitorin g o f THC , wa s use da s th e primar y techniqu e t o measur e emissions
. Fro mth e Metho d25 A results , emission s wer e calculate dusin g th e measure dTH C concentratio na s propane , th e molecula r

weigh t o f propane , an dth e exhaus t ga s flo w rat e measure di n accordanc e wit hMetho d2
. Thes e result s ar e presente di nterm s o f TH C emission s (a s propane ) fo r laminatio no r

gelcoating
. Speciatio no f

styren e an dMM A emission s (neede ddurin g gelcoating ) wa s effecte dthroug hMetho d1 8 analysi s usin g aga s chromatograp h (GC ) wit hflam e ionizatio n detecto r (FID)
. Metho d1 8 analysi s wa s conducte d concurren t

wit hth e Metho d25 A monitoring
. Th e Metho d1 8 result s wer e use d primaril y t o establis hth e rati o of styren e emission s t o MM A emission s durin g gelcoating
. Thi s rati o allowe dpartitionin g of th e TH C emissio nrat e (a s propane ) int o styren e an dMM A components . Th e Metho d1 8 result s wer e als o use da s a chec k o n th e Metho d25 A results
. Othe r measurement s mad e durin g thi s progra minclude dthos e variable s determine dfro mothe r studie s t o hav e mor e significan t influenc e o n emission s (Tabl e 1-1)
.

1- 7 Rev. l 

# / tP.1 8



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### 1.3. 4 Mold s

Fou r mold s wer e use di n thi s program , thre e o f whic har e boa t

par t mold s i n actua l us e b y U. S Marine
. Tw o hul l mold s represente dth e typical siz e hull s commo n t o th e industry : an 18-f t runabou t

an dalarge r

28-f t cruiser
. An 18-f t dec k mol dfor abo w ride r

mode l wa s use dt o represen t amor e convex shape dmold
. Th e mol duse ddurin g Phas e I testin g b y th e CFA wa s include di n thi s progra mt o provid e dat afo r compariso n wit hth e result s o f tha t previou s study
. Surfac e area s o

f thes e mold s (Tabl e 1-2) , determine dfro mengineerin g drawing s an di n previou s studies , wer e use dt o calculat e flux an dnormalize d emissions
. 

### Tabl e 1- 1
. Parameter s Studie d •^"•Parameter Resi n applicatio n metho d Too l shap e Resi n stvren e conten t Too l siz e Ge l time Applie dthicknes s Resi n density 3 Resi n percen t

non-volatile 3 Resi n viscosity " Resi n pea k

exotherm " Resi n thixotropi c index 3 Resi n flo w rate 3 Ai r flo w rat e Tes t Variabl e Ye s (2 ) Ye s (2 ) Yes (2 ) Ye s (2 ) N o N o N o N o N o N o N o N o N o Measured/Fixe d Fixe d Fixe d Measure d(vendor ) Fixe d Measure d Measure d Measure d(vendor ) Measure d(vendor ) Measure d(vendor ) Measure d(vendor ) Measure d(vendor ) Measure d Measure d



### 1- 8 Rev. l



# / 7P.1 9



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 

### Tabl e 1-2 Surfac e Are aof

Mold s Use di n Tes t

Progra m ^:--jyyy,: Mold ; m^jJJJJWJJJy 18-f t Dec k 18-f t Hul l 28-f t Hul l CFA Phas e I Mol d(controlle dspray ) CFA Phas e I Mol d(uncontrolle dspray ) '£:;;?. £ 171.0 9

220. 5 45 4 28.0 6 37.28 * ^Uncontrolle dspra y o f thi s mol dinevitabl y coate dflange extensions , effectivel y increasin g th e surfac e are aof

th e fina l laminat e structure . 

### 1.3. 5 Material s

Material s chose n for

thi s progra mar e typical of thos e use di n fiberglas s boa t

manufacturin g (Tabl e 1-3)
. Tw o styren e polyeste r resin s wer e used , on e wit hanomina l 3 5 percen t styren e b y weigh t

conten t an dth e othe r wit hanomina l 4 2 percen t styren e b y weigh t

content . Th e gelcoa t

wa s awhit e o n whit e gelcoat

containin g nominall y 3 2 percen t styren e an d5 percen t

MMA
. Th e formulation s use dar e considere dmos t representativ e o

f th e rang e o

f resi n styren e an dgelcoa t

content s i n th e industry
. Base do n asurve y o f industr y representatives , th e marin e industr y use s gelcoa t tha t contain s MM A a s a n inhibito r t o degradatio n b y exposur e t o ultraviole t (UV ) light
. MEK

Pi n aDM P bas e i s th e mos t

commo n catalys t

use di n th e industr y for bot hgelcoa t

an dresin ; MEKP/DM Pwa s use di n thi s program .

1- 9 Rev. l < 7 -.aP.2 0



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### Tabl e 1- 3 Propertie s o f

Gelcoa tan d Resi n Material s Produc t numbe r Manufacture r Styren e content , % MMA content , % Specifi c gravit y Thixotropi c inde x Viscosity , cp s

MEK Pcatalys t rati o Ge l time , mi n Gelcoa t 954WP5 3 Coo k Composite s an dPolymer s Co
. 3 2 5 1.3 2 5. 5
LV F#4 ® 6 rpm 14500 2 % 16. 5 Resi n 1

80.654-NMM A Alpha/Owen s Cornin g 35. 1 0 1.08 2 4. 9 RV F#2 ® 2 0 rpm-70 0 RV F#2 ® 2 rpm 340 0 1.5 % 23.2 2 2

% 17.9 8 Resi n 2 80.604-NMM A Alpha/Owen s Cornin g 42. 2 0 1.0 9 5.7 1 RV F#2 ® 20 rpm 700 RV F#2 ® 2 rpm 400 0 1.5 % 23.4 8 2

% 18.7 0 1.3. 6 Schedul e

Testin g wa s conducte dfro mApri l 2 t o Apri l 19,1997
. Se t u p a t th e sit e bega n Marc h30 , continuin g t o Apri l 1 (Tabl e 1-4)
. On e t o thre e run s wer e mad e eac hday
. Samplin g wa s coordinate dwit hth e U.S
. Marin e personne l supportin g th e laminatio n an dgelcoatin g operation s an dwit hRTI personne l conductin g samplin g i n a n adjacen t Metho d20

4 enclosure
. 1. 4 Organizatio n o f th e Repor t Th e complet e repor t

includin g al l appendice s an dseparatel y boun dfiel ddat acontain s all dat afro mth e testin g program . Th e tex t o f th e repor t i s intende dt o stan dalon e t o provid e th e essenc e o f th e result s fromth e samplin g an danalysi s program . Thi s introductio n (Sectio n 1 ) provide s abrie f
1-1 0 Rev. l UP.2 1



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 

### Tabl e 1-4 Tes t Schedul e Date Tes t Descriptio n Ru n 2-Ap r 3-Ap r 3-Ap r 4-Ap r 4-Ap r 5-Ap r 5-Ap r 7-Ap r 8-Ap r 8-Ap r 8-Ap r 9-Ap r 9-Ap r 9-Ap r 10-Ap r 10-Ap r 10-Ap r 11-Ap r 11-Ap r 11-Ap r 12-Ap r 12-Ap r 12-Ap r 14-Ap r 14-Ap r 15-Ap r 15-Ap r 16-Ap r 16

- Ap r 17-Ap r 18-Ap r 18-Ap r 19-Ap r , NMMA-6- P

NMMA-8- 1 NMMA-4- 1 NMMA-7- 1 NMMA-3- 1 NMMA-8- 2 NMMA-1- 1 NMMA-7- 2 NMMA-6- 1 NMMA-3- 2 NMMA-4- 2 NMMA-1- 2 NMMA-11-1 G NMMA-11- 1 NMMA-14- 1 NMMA-13- 1 NMMA-11- 2 NMMA-6- 2 NMMA-14- 2 NMMA-13- 2 NMMA-11- 3 NMMA-5- 1 NMMA-2- 1 NMMA-5- 2 NMMA-2- 2 NMMA-16- 1 NMMA-15- 1 NMMA-16- 2 NMMA-15- 2 NMMA-12- 1 NMMA-9- 1 NMMA-12- 2 NMMA-9- 2 18-f t Dec k Gelcoat 28-f t Hu U Gelcoat 18-f t Dec k 3 5 % Styren e Resi n 28-f t Hul l 3 5 %Styren e Resi n 18-f t Hul l Gelcoa t 28-f t Hu U Gelcoat 18-f t Hul l 3 5 % Styren e Resi n 28-f t Hul l 3 5 % Styien e Resi n 18-f t Dec k Gelcoat 18-f t Hu U Gelcoat 18-f t Dec k 3 5 % Styren e Resi n 18-f t Hu U 3 5 % Styren e Resi n CF A Mol dGelcoat CF A Mol d3 5 % Styren e Resi n 18-f t Dec k 3 5 %Styren e Resi n - Ho w Choppe r 18-f t HuU 3 5 %Styren e Resi n - Flo w Choppe r CF A Mol d3 5 % Styren e Resi n 18-f t Dec k Gelcoa t 18-f t Dec k 3 5 %Styren e Resi n - Ho w Choppe r 18-f t HuU 3 5 % Styren e Resi n - Flo w Choppe r CF A Mol d3 5 % Styren e Resi n 18-f t Dec k 4 2 %Styren e Resi n 18-f t Hu U 4 2 %Styren e Resi n 18-f t Dec k 4 2 % Styren e Resi n 18-f t HuU 4 2 % Styren e Resi n 18-f t Dec k 4 2 %Styren e Resin-Flo w Choppe r 18-f t Hul l 4 2 %Styren e Resin-Flo w Choppe r 18-f t Dec k 4 2 % Styren e Resin-Flo w Choppe r 18-f t HuU 4 2 % Styren e Resin-Flo w Choppe r CF A Mol d4 2 % Styren e Resi n 28-f t Hu U 4 2 % Styren e Resi n CF A Mol d4 2 % Styren e Resi n 28-f t Hu U 4 2 % Styren e Resi n 0402-0 1 0403-0 1 0403-0 2 0404-0 1 0404-0 2 0405-0 1 0405-0 2 0407-0 1 0408-0 1 0408-02 0408-0 3 0409-0 1 0409-0 2 0409-0 3 0410-0 1 0410-0 2 0410-0 3 0411-0 1 0411-0 2 0411-0 3 0412-0 1 0412-02 0412-0 3 0414-0 1 0414-0 2 04.15-0 1 0415-0 2 0416-0 1 0416-0 2 0417-0 1 0418-0 1 0418-02 0419-0 1

1-1 1 Rev. lP.2 2



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g introductio n t o th e purpos e of th e testin g an dth e schedul e fo r completin g th e on-sit e activities
. Th e result s of th e samplin g progra mar e presente di nSectio n2
. Result s ar e presente di n tabula r forma t an dgraphicall y t o simplif y review
. Sectio n 3 describe s th e method s use di nth e samplin g program , includin g thos e use dt o quantif

y parameter s no t

varie ddurin g th e program , suc ha s ge l time an d styren e content . Qualit y contro l (QC ) measure s an dQ A dat aar e presente di n Sectio n 4
. Dat aan dmateria l supportin g th e tes t repor t ar e containe di nth e appendices , a s follows :

• Referenc e Method s

• Constructio n o f

aTemporar y Tota l Enclosur e fo r Volatil e Organi c Compoun d Emissio n Assessmen t

Durin g Manufactur e o f Fiberglas s Boat s

• Calculation s

• Procedur e fo r

an dResult s of

Ge l Tim e Determinatio n

• Materia l Safet y Dat aSheet s

• Certification s fo r

Ga s Standard s an dEquipmen t Calibration s

• Ba g Standard s

• Locatio n an dResult s o f Ai r Flo w ove r

th e Mol dMeasurement s

• Compariso n o f

NMM A Result s wit hThos e fro mOthe r Studie s Copie s o f

all ra w dat agenerate db y th e G C an dth e TH C analyzer , organize db y day , an dincludin g pertinen t proces s dat a(spra y gu ncalibrations) , hav e bee n boun dseparatel y fo r

archiv e a t

NMM A offices
.

1-1 2 Rev. l ~yP.2 3



### NMMA JkW0^aWatW

Baselin e Emissio n Testm g 2. 0 RESULT S

Th e result s of

emissio ntestin g a t

th e U.S
. Marin e sit e i nArlington , Washington , ar e presente di n thi s sectio nwit hcompariso no f th e dat abetwee n test s an dwit hth e result s of th e CF A Phas e I studies ; furthe r compariso nof

thes e result s wit hothe r

studie s i s appended
. Th e result s ar e presente di nterm s of emission s a s apercen t

o f availabl e compoun d(i.e. , styrene , MMA , an dtota l volatiles) , a s emission s pe r uni t are ao f mol dsurface , an da s normalize d emissions , tha t

is , emission s pe r

uni t mas s of resi npe r

uni t are ao f mol dsurface
. Al l calculation s don e fo r thes e analyse s ar e appende d(Appendi x C) , includin g a sampl e calculatio n showin g th e complet e analysi s o f dat afro mtes t

runs . Result s demonstrat e tha t th e enclosur e constructe da t th e sit e provide dgoo dcaptur e o f emission s fro mth e moldin g proces s an dtha t al l emission s wer e accounte dfo r i nth e sampling
. Th e .styren e evaporatio ntest s demonstrate dtha t

th e emissio nmonitorin g syste mprovide dagoo dmeasur e o f th e actua l losses
. Testin g of emission s fro mlaminatio nof th e bo x mol dfro mth e Phas e 1 CF A studie s demonstrate dtha t th e technique s use di nth e tw o studie s (i.e. , CFA' s stud y an dth e portio nof thi s stud y designe dt o reproduc e som e of th e testin g don e i n th e CF A study ) wer e comparable
. Result s of duplicat e testin g fo r eac htes t

cas e provide dgoo dclosure , withi nth e acceptanc e criteri aspecifie d i n th e QAPP
. I n accordanc e wit hth e plan s outline di nth e QAPP , al l test s of boa t mol dus e wer e complete dwit honl y tw o runs . A thir dru nwa s don e fo r on e o f th e tes t condition s t o incorporat e th e CF A stud y mold
. 2. 1 Summar y o f Result s
Tabl e 2- 1 present s th e averag e value s fro mth e sixtee nemissio n test s conducte da t

U.S
. Marine' s Arlington , Washington , site
. Thre e of th e test s

-J> ~ ?P.2 4



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 

### wer e conducte dusin g th e sam e bo x mol duse db y CFA/Do w durin g thei r Phas e I studie s (t o provid e dat afor compariso n wit hthos e studies) ; al l othe r test s wer e conducte dusin g boa t mold s an dprocedure s typical o f U.S
. Marine' s boat manufacturin g processes . Th e result s o f thi s stud y ar e take n a s representativ e o

f industr y practice
. Th e amoun t

o f resi n use dpe r

par t durin g thes e studie s wa s muc h greate r tha n th e amount s use di n previou s studie s (Tabl e 2-1)
. Thi s relativ e scal e o f materia l us e an dmeasuremen t contribute dt o th e consistenc y o f results
. 

### Tabl e 2- 1 Summar y o f

Tes t Result s

Description" 1 CF A Ge l 1 8 Dec k Ge l 1 8 Hul l Ge l 2 8 Hul l Ge l CF A 35 R 18Dcvk35 R 18HuU35 R 2 8 Hul l 3 5 R 1 8 Dec k 35 R- FC b 18Hull35R-F C CF A 42 R 1 8 Dec k 42 R 18Hull42 R 2 8 HuU 42 R 18Deck42R-F C 18Hull42R-F C Resi n Us e (lb ) 3. 2 20. 0 25. 7 65. 7 8. 1 124. 6 144. 5 354. 4 114. 7 141. 7 5. 1 111. 8 142. 9 304. 2 122. 2 154. 9 Emission s Styren e ' 41.1 % 42.3 % 46.4 % 50.4 % 41.8 % 12.9 % 14.8 % 17.3 % 11.9 % 10.8 % 48.7 % 21.1 % 20.7 % 23.3 % 13.4 % 11.4 % a s Percen to f

Availabl e
MMA 84.0 % 75.6 % 73.2 % 78.6 % Volatile s

46.9 % 46.9 % 50.0 % 54.3 % 41.8 % 12.9 % 14.8 % 17.3 % 11.9 % 10.8 % 48.7 % 21.1 % 20.7 % 23.3 % 13.4 % 11.4 % Emissio n

Flux flb/SF) 0.020 3 0.022 8 0.026 1 0.038 9 0.034 5 0.013 0 0.014 3 0.023 4 0.009 2 0.007 2 0.032 4 0.028 4 0.027 2 0.035 7 0.012 5 0.008 9 Normalize d

Emission s (lb/100 0 Ib/SF ) 6.3 6 i. i 4 1.0 3 0.5 9 4.8 9 0.1 1 0.1 0 0.0 7 0.08 ' 0.0 5 6.2 8 0.2 5 0.1 9 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 6 "Se e Tabl e 1-

4 fo r ful l description
. ^Applicatio n usin g flo w chopper
.



### Th e TH C measurement s mad e durin g thi s progra mserv e a s th e principa l basi s for

estimatin g emissions
. Figur e 2- 1 present s summar y

2- 2 Rev
. 1



# 2 3P.2 5



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### Figur e 2- 1 Summar y Concentratio nTrace s fo r Boa t Laminatio nan dGelcoatin g 2-l[a ] - Spra y v . Ho w Chopper : 1 8 Hul l an dDec k - 35 % Styren e Resi n
30 0 5 25 0 e £_ .

O U 20 0 150 10 0 5 0 •.* - : •| t * *



### • • * T_L ,, 

### ' f

### vir r^

* / •**_

—__J*f ! •^ l ^^ l ___f ^ 

### 1 ? ! ^ * i ; f i i 1 ' 

## I 

## 1 I 

# A^ -
•fa . ! 

### "*>_ . i

^•^-- ^ 0:0 0 0:2 8 0:5 7 1:2 6 Elapse dTim e 1:5 5 2:2 4 ! 35 R 2:5 2

•35RF C 2-l[b ] - Spra y v . Ho w Choppe r 1 8 Hul l an dDec k

- 42 % Styren e Resi n

c

c

0:0 0 0:2 8 0:5 7 1:2 6 1:5 5 Elapse dTim e 2:2 4 2:5 2
; 42R- — 3:2 1

-42RF C

2-3 Rev. lP.2 6

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 2-l[c ] - Spray : 2 8 Hul l - Bot h Resin s

0:0 0 1:1 2 2:24 3:3 6 Elapse dTim e 4:4 8 6:0 0 7:1 2 35 R -42 R

0:0 0 0:2 8 2-l[d ] - Gelcoatin g

0:5 7 1:2 6

Elapse dTim e 1:5 5 2:24 2:5 2

•1 8 Dec k Ge l -1 8 Hul l Ge l -2 8 Hul l Ge l

2-4 Rev. l CP.2 7



### NMMA aiW&*W-*tW

Basehn e Emissio n Testin g concentratio n profile s for th e testin g conducte ddurin g th e Apri l 199 7 deployment
. Eac ho

f th e fou r frame s present s TH C concentratio n trace s derive d b y averagin g dat afromth e individua l tes t runs . Thi s figur e illustrate s som e o f th e difference s in th e dat asummarize di n Tabl e 2-1
.

Fo r example , th e dat afro msamplin g th e exhaus t durin g laminatio n o

f th e 18-f t mol dillustrate s th e difference s betwee n spra y u p applicatio n an dapplicatio n b y flo w chopper , a s wel l a s th e increase dTH C concentration s i n th e exhaus t note dwhe n laminatin g wit hahighe r styren e conten t resi n (42. 2 percen t

styrene)
. Th e dat afro mth e 28-f t mol dlaminatio n tes t sho w that , althoug hth e pea k concentration s usin g th e tw o resin s wer e essentiall y th e same , th e concentratio n trac e fo r th e 4 2 percen t

styren e resi n ha s broade r peaks , correspondin g t o greate r mas s emissio n rates . Th e summar y illustratio n o f th e gelcoa t

dat ashow s th e effec t

o f geometr y o n th e concentration s measured
. Th e greate r TH C concentration s i n th e exhaus t

note ddurin g laminatio n o f th e 28-f t mol dar e likel y th e resul t o f th e broade r stroke s use din gelcoatin g th e par t an dth e distanc e betwee n th e operato r an dth e par t

durin g gelcoating
. Th e atomize dgelcoa t remain s airborn e for alonge r perio do f time , resultin g i n greate r volatilizatio n an demission s o f VOC
. Th e operato r

ca n stan dclose r

tp th e 18-f

t hul l an dmak e shorte r

stroke s t o appl y th e gelcoat
. Also , th e operato r ca n coat hal f o f th e 18-f t mol dsurfac e i n a singl e pass , rathe r

tha n th e minimu mtw o passe s require dt o coa t th e 28-f t hul l mold ; thi s differenc e i s note di n th e difference s i n pea k widths
. Finally, th e 18-f t dec k mol di s relativel y flat , wit hcomple x geometr y requirin g th e operato r t o wor k clos e to th e mol dsurfac e an dcoa t som e portion s o

f th e mol db

y brush , reducin g th e amoun t

o f gelcoat atomized
.

2- 5 Rev
. l



## -2 LP.2 8



### NMMA aaWaWTrWatW

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g Th e result s presente di nth e table s an dfigure s i nthi s repor t reflec t th e exclusio n fro mtestin g o f emission s i nth e long , low-concentratio n"tail " i n eac hTH C trac e fo r

eac hrun . Thi s phenomeno nha s bee nnote di npreviou s studie s an dwa s highlighte di n th e QAP Pa s aconcer nfo r completin g thi s testin g i natimel y fashion
. Sectio n 2. 2 present s th e result s fro msom e of th e earl y tes t run s tha t illustrat e tha t

eliminatio no f

th e "tail " ha s littl e i

f an y effec t

o nthe , result s reporte dherein
.

Al l th e dat arelate dt o emission s fro mboa t gelcoatin g an d laminatio nderive dfro mthi s NMM A testin g progra mar e summarize di n Figur e 2-2
. Thi s figur e present s th e result s fo r al l test s i nterm s o f

emission s a s a percen t of availabl e monomer . A s th e result s clearl y indicate. , emission s fro m gelcoatin g diffe r

fro mthos e associate dwit hresi nlamination
. Section s 2. 4 an d 2. 5 contai n mor e detaile dpresentation s o f th e result s fro mgelcoatin g an dresi n laminatio nemissio n testing
. 2. 2 Evaluatio n o f Emission s fro m Continuin g Trac e Concentration s
Th e QAP Pinclude dth e evaluatio no f acutof f concentratio ni nth e exhaus t strea mtha t

woul dallo w cessatio no f samplin g befor e th e concentratio n of TH C i n th e enclosur e exhaus t reache dth e backgroun dconcentration , provide da t

leas t 9 5 percen t

o f tota l emission s wer e characterize dbefor e cessatio n of

sampling
. Th e firs t

tes t run s wer e use dfo r

thi s assessment . Th e assessmen t

determine dtha t

9 5 percen t

o f tota l emission s fro mlaminatio nan d gelcoa t operation s woul db e characterize db y th e time th e exhaus t concentratio n reache d7 5 ppm v a s propane . Ceasin g samplin g a t thi s concentratio nwoul d reduc e ru n samplin g b y abou t 1 hou r pe r run , allowin g mor e samplin g run s pe r dav
.

2- 6 Rev. l 

# 2 , 7P.2 9



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 

### Figur e 2- 2 Emission s a s Percentag e o f Availabl e Monome r

A s i t turne dout , i t

wa s practica l t o continu e th e tes t run s unti l concentration s measure dabou t 7 ppm v a s propane . Becaus e th e backgroun d concentratio n wa s abou t

2- 4 ppmv , th e differenc e i n concentratio n wa s abou t 4 ppmv , relatin g t o les s tha n 2 ppm v a s styren e an drepresentin g onl y 0. 2 percen t

o f emissions
. Th e assessmen t

of th e concentratio n trac e fo r NMMA-4- 1 (laminatio n o

f an 18-f t dec k wit h3 5 percen t

styren e resin ) illustrate s thi s analysis
. Th e concentratio n trac e for ru n NMMA-4- 1 (Figur e 2-3 ) show s th e typica l patter n o

f concentratio n peak s an dvalley s a s resi n i s applie d systematicall y t o th e side s o f th e mold
. Resi n an dglas s ar e applie dt o th e firs t side , an dth e mixtur e i s rolle dou t t o remov e ai r

bubbles
. Afte r

th e initia l coat

o n thi s hal f o f th e mol dbegin s t o gel , th e mol di s rotate dan dth e firs t coat i s applie dt o th e secon dside
. Afte r th e coa t o n th e secon dsid e begin s t o gel , th e
2-7 Rev. l •—? %P.3 0



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 

### mol di s rotate dagai nan dth e secon dlaye r o f glas s an dresi ni s applie dt o th e firs t side , wit hsom e o

f th e glas s bein g wove nroving
. Thi s proces s continue s unti l th e specifie dthicknes s i s achieved
. A s par t o f th e manufacturin g procedure , eac hlaye r

o f glas s an dresi nar e rolle dout . After th e final coat

o f resi ni s applie dan dth e pea k exother mo

f th e polymerizatio nreactio ni s achieved , th e concentratio no f styren e i nth e exhaus t

streambegin s t o decrease
. Al l th e glas s an dresi nwer e applie dt o thi s mol di nabou t 1 hour
. Th e styren e concentratio ni nth e exhaus t streamdecrease dt o nea r backgroun dlevel s i n abou t 1 hou r after tha t point
. Figur e 2- 3 

### Tota l Hydrocarbo nConcentratio nTrac e fo r NMMA-4- 1
NMMA-4- 1 (1 8 Dec k

35R )

35 0 - r %___^ * 5
. _5TM®Tl&_.l ^_rj L

~ '-$<> •

* n

LP^l_

r Jr *_
_ 

### J 

# s i l I



# lrX

« 5 -00- / ^ b J ^%. trir.
_ L * ¥ _i

i ___*

^ B L

- ° fe P*_L i T JT

>• _ S » * 15 0 - 0 \ f

%„ 1 S

^ s | T

«fc j *feJ__

r i__

_ 

### a 100 

### T J ^ ^ ^\&_ . ; / ^£r^^^^^teh_«_____
_ 0 m/^^•^^TM"* B " !l, l*l"i " ** * 7 ! "-.""* : "" * •**•* • * r - r - r - r * r - r • K i K i H i H t- i if

i ir i tr i ir i if i i n if

i if i lf

_O —^ 1 V. rf if; O —M e cr f if

.

- r <f i ii" i i K if i ui u-

i i 0 ; <d- ' O i s O

s .)0^ o 80*
.

• TO"?.
. 60%

• 5<r.i. 4 0 * 30 % 20 % 10? 6CumulativeMassEmissions(percent)

Tim e (PST ) j-®—TH C o (ppm ) | -—•
—Cumulativ e Mas s Percen t


### Becaus e th e TH C associate dwit hth e latte r par t o f th e concentratio ntrac e (fro m7 t o 4 ppmv ) represent s abou t 0. 2 percen t

o f emissions , th e emission s associate dwithsamplin g completel y t o backgroun dlevel s from th e cutof f concentratio nwer e les s tha n0.01 5 lb
. Eve nthi s amoun t represent s a 2- 8 Rev. lP.3 1



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestm g 

### wors t cas e assessmen t

(i.e. , greates t

emission s i n th e tail ) becaus e i t assume s tha t emission s fro mal l test s ar e th e same , wherea s th e tota l emission s fro m laminatin g th e 18-f

t dec k mol dwer e les s tha n th e emission s fro mlaminatin g eithe r othe r par t evaluated
. Th e 0.015-lb tota l woul drepresen t alarge r portio n o

f emission s for

smalle r parts , however , suc ha s thos e include di n th e previou s CFA/Do w an dEPA/RT I studies
.

Anothe r approac ht o assessin g a n appropriat e cutof f concentratio n i s depicte di n Figur e 2-4 , aplo t o f outle t concentratio n an dcumulativ e emissions
. Thi s figure , develope dfro mth e sam e NMMA-4- 1 tes t run , show s tha t 9 5 percen t

o f tota l emission s fro mlaminatio n wer e quantifie dwhe n th e exhaus t concentratio n decrease dt o abou t 7 5 ppm v a s propane . 

### Figur e 2- 4 Concentratio n v . Cumulativ e Mas s Emission s (NMMA-4-1 )

40 0 Exhaus t

Concentratio n v . Cumulativ e Mas s Emission s

70 % 75

% 80 % 85 % 90 %

Cumulativ e Mas s Emission s 95 % 100 %



### 2- 9 Rev
. 1



## i CP.3 2



### NMMA aaWT&WaWatW

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 2. 3 CF A Mol dResult s

Par t o f th e tes t matri x fo r

thi s progra minclude dlaminatio no f th e mol duse di n th e CF A Phas e I stud y s o tha t result s of

bot hstudie s coul db e compared
. Testin g wa s conducte dusin g th e 3 5 percen t styren e an d4 2 percen t styren e resins , nearl y identica l t o th e styren e content s i nth e resin s use di nth e CF A Phas e I study
. Th e initia l tes t ru nusin g 3 5 percen t

resi n(NMMA-11-1R ) wa s conducte dusin g th e technique s employe db y experience dlaminator s durin g actua l boa t

manufacturing
. Thi s approac hresulte di nlowe r emission s tha n thos e measure ddurin g th e CF A study
. T o allo w compariso nt o th e CF A study , subsequen t

test s wer e conducte dusin g method s tha t resulte di n "uncontrolled " spray , includin g on e ru ndurin g laminatio nb y acompletel y inexperience doperato r (NMMA-11-2R) , a s evince db y th e 10. 1 l b o f resi nused
. Althoug hno t

include damon g th e planne dtests , on e gelcoa t ru n(NMMA-ll-lG ) wa s als o conducte db y a n experience doperato r usin g goo dtechnique
. Th e result s of

testin g durin g coatin g o f th e CF A mol d(Tabl e 2- 2 an dFigur e 2-5 ) indicat e a n averag e los s o f 38. 0 percen t

of availabl e styren e durin g laminatio n usin g 3 5 percen t styren e resi n(no t

usin g Ru n11-l Ri nth e average ) an d48. 7 percen t o f availabl e styren e los s durin g laminatio nusin g 4 2 percen t

styren e resin
. Th e result s sho w ahighe r degre e o f

variabilit} ' tha nth e result s fo r

laminatio n o n th e boa t molds , largel y a s aresul t o f th e hig hdegre e o f variabilit} ' i n applicatio n techniqu e fo r inexperience doperator s an dth e influenc e of

th e resi n weigh t

measurement . Th e resi nextractio nequipmen t disproportionatel y affecte dth e measuremen t o f smal l quantitie s of

resi nus e (Sectio n3.2.4)
. Althoug hth e result s o f th e variou s tes t

run s me t

acceptanc e criteria , the y wer e no t

a s consisten t

a s th e result s o f

emissio ntestin g durin g us e o f boa t molds
. Emission s measure ddurin g CF A mol dlaminatio ni nthi s stud y wer e abou t

twic e thos e of

comparabl e test s fro mth e CF A study
.

—2-1 0 Rev
. l 

# 3 /P.3 3



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g


### Tabl e 2- 2 Emission s Measure d Durin g Applicatio n o f Resi n t o CF A Mol d
Ru n 11-l G 11-lR-Ctr l ll-2R-Un c ll-3R-Un c 12-1R-Unc 12-2R-Unc Materia l

Gelcoa t Resi n Resi n Resi n Resi n Resi n Conten t

37. 0 35. 1 35. 1 35. 1 42. 2 42. 2 Resi n (lb ) 3. 2 3. 5 10. 1 6. 1 5.4 4.7 3 Percen t

o f Availabl e 46. 9 30. 6 29. 9 53. 6 55. 7 41. 7 Flu x

(lb/ft* . 0.020 3 0.011 4 0.023 3 0.045 6 0.044 1 0.020 8 Normalize d

(lbA0001b/ft

2

### ) 6.3 6 3.2 5 2.3 1 7.4 8 8.1 6 4.3 9 Styren e losse s wer e als o considere di n term s o f emission s pe r

uni t are aan dnormalize demissions
. Averag e losse s pe r uni t mol dsurfac e are a(flux ) wer e 0.026 8 lb /

ft 2 

### an d0.032 5 lb/ft 2 

### fo r

th e 3 5 an d4 2 percen t

styren e resins , respectively
. Normalize dlosse s average d4.3 5 lb/100 0 lb/ft 2 

### for th e 3 5 percen t styren e laminatio n an d6.2 8 lb/100 0 lb/ft 2 

### for th e 4 2 percen t

styren e resin
. Like th e result s i n term s o

f percen t o f availabl e styrene , thes e result s indicat e greate r losse s fro mus e o f greate r styren e conten t

resin s tha n woul db e proportiona l to th e actua l styren e content . Th e flu x losse s sho w adifferen t trend , bu t compariso n o

f th e emission s in thi s forma t i s inconclusiv e becaus e o f th e onl y sligh t differenc e i n average s an dth e difficulty i n consisten t resi n weigh t measurement .

I n thi s tes t

serie s o f th e progra m(i.e. , usin g th e CFA mold) , emissio n measurement s wer e no t alway s comparabl e t o th e amoun t o f resi n used , i.e. , th e emission s a s percen t o f availabl e monome r

wa s no t alway s consistent
. Th e equipmen t wa s se t u p t o measur e larg e quantitie s o f resi n an d gelcoa t continuously
. Th e expecte dquantitie s wer e betwee n 100 an d300 l b resi n fo r eac htes t run . Th e scal e selected , therefore , ha dan accurac y o f 0. 5 lb , whic h wa s satisfactory fo r

th e boa t laminatio n an dgelcoatin g tests , bu t whic hdi dno t 2-1 1 Rov
. 1Baselin e Emissio n Testm g 

### Figur e 2- 5 Emission s fro mLaminatio nan dGelcoatin g o f th e CF A Mol d
CF A Mol d- Emission s (% Available )

D Styren e 1 3 MM A D Volatile s

CF A Gel CF

A 35 RCF

A 35 R CF

A 35 R CF

A 42 RCF

A 42 R

0.05 0 -r — 0.04 5 - — 0.04 0 4 — 0.03 5 4 — 0.03 0 4— 0.02 3 4- 1 0.02 0 — 0.01 5 — - 0.01 0 — 0.00 5 — 0.00 0 — - CF

A Mol d- Emission s (lb/SF )

CF A Gel CF

A 35 R CF

A 35 R CF

A 35 R CF

A 42 R CF

A 42 R

9 o
| 6. 0 4 — £ 5 0 J o O
. ,-t01/ j a:

« > '> 0• 5 ( A I O.O-- . CF A C * CF

A Mol d- Emission s (lb/100 0 l b Resin/SF )

CF A 3 5 F t Cr. \35 K

CF

A 35 RCF

A 42 RCF

A 4 2 R


### 2-1 2 Rev
. 1P.3 5



### NMMA atS^SS^kjWatW

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g prov e t o b e adequat e fo r measurin g th e smal l quantitie s of resi n(o nth e orde r

of onl y 3. 5 lb ) use dt o laminat e th e CF A mold
. Thus , th e precisio no f th e scal e use d fo r resi nan dgelcoa t

le dt o som e result s fro mCF A mol dtestin g tha t wer e mor e variabl e tha n result s fro mboa t testing
. 2. 4 Result s o f Gelcoa t Applicatio nTestin g
Al l gelcoa t

applicatio nwa s don e t o aunifor mthicknes s o f 2 0 mil s wit hagelcoa t

containin g 3 2 percen t

styren e an d5 percen t

MMA
. A preliminar y tes t ru n (NMMA-6-P ) wa s mad e usin g aU.S
. Marin e productio ngelcoa t supplie db y th e sam e supplie r fo r th e tes t gelcoat
. Althoug hth e productio n gelcoa t ha ddifferen t

styren e conten t

(approximatel y 3 1 percent) , th e result s generate dwer e include di n thi s repor t becaus e the y ar e ver y consisten t wit hth e othe r result s fro mgelcoa t

testin g i nthi s stud y (Figur e 2-6)
. Result s fo r

boa t gelcoatin g ar e presente di nterm s o f losse s of slyrene , MMA , an dtota l volatile s (Figur e 2-6)
. Th e tota l emission s measure dfo r th e dec k an dtw o hul l size s ar e consisten t (especiall y fo r

styren e an dtota l volatiles) , wit hslightl y greate r emission s resultin g fro mgelcoatin g th e hulls , an dthe.greates t

emission s resultin g fro mgelcoatin g th e large r hul l (Tabl e 2-3)
. Th e mos t

notabl e findin g o f

thi s testin g i s th e relativ e contributio nt o emission s o f th e individua l constituent s i nth e gelcoat
. Fro m6 0 t o 8 0 percen t o f th e MM A i n th e gelcoa t

i s los t a s emission s i nth e gelcoa t process . MM A i s mor e volatil e tha n styren e and , thus , i s los t a t amuc hgreate r

rat e tha nth e styrene . Onl y on e tes t ru n resulte di n MM A losse s o f les s tha n6 0 percen t

of availabl e MMA
. Tha t ru n(NMMA-6-1 ) wa s discarde dfro mth e averag e value s presente di nTabl e 2- 3 a s unrepresentativ e becaus e of variabilit y o f

th e G C respons e factors
.

2-1 3 Rev
. 1



# 3 7P.3 6

NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### Figur e 2- 6 Gelcoa t Emission s a s Percen t

of Availabl e Volatile s

0''
. 4 D Styren e BMM A
• Volatile s

fa c

o o O

Cit e 

### Tabl e 2- 3 Emission s fro mGelcoatin g a s Percentag e of Availabl e Volatile s

18-f t Dec k 18-f t Hul l 28-f t Hul l Gelcoa tUs e

(lb ) 20. 0 25. 7 65. 7 Percen to f

Availabl e Styren e 42. 3 46. 4 50. 4 Percen to f

Availabl e MM A 75. 6 73. 2 78. 6 Percen to f

Availabl e Volatile s 46. 9 50. 0 54. 3 Th e result s fro mth e firs t tes t ru no nth e 18-f

t dec k afte r th e preliminar y tes t

usin g gelcoa t

(th e secon dru nfo r

th e 18-f t deck ) yielde dalos s o f availabl e MM A tha t

wa s substantiall y les s tha nal l othe r measurement s mad e durin g all othe r

gelcoa t tes t runs , onl y abou t

2 5 percen t

compare dwit h6 0 t o 8 5

2-1 4 Rev
. 1



# 3 5P.3 7



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testinp , percen t of availabl e MMA
. Excludin g tha t on e ru n(NM M A-6-1 ) provide s a n averag e MM A los s o f

75. 6 percen t

o f availabl e MMA , avalu e tha t i s ver y consisten t

wit hth e MM A los s value s fo r th e 18-f t an d28-f t hulls
. Th e averag e styren e los s fo r

thi s tes t wa s relativel y unchange da s aresul t o f excludin g tha t on e run ; likewise , th e tota l volatil e los s wa s relativel y unchanged , owin g t o th e contributio n o f

styren e losse s t o th e tota l volatil e loss
. Gelcoatin g result s evaluate di nterm s o f los s pe r uni t mol dsurfac e are aan dnormalize demission s (i.e. , emission s pe r uni t mas s o f resi npe r

uni t mol dsurfac e area ) sho w som e interestin g trend s (Tabl e 2- 4 an dFigur e 2-7)
. A s woul db e expected , th e emission s fro mth e 18-f t mold s ar e essentiall y equal , owin g t o nearl y equa l resi n us e an dsurfac e area . Normalize demission s appea r t o b e inversel y relate dt o mol darea , assumin g th e sam e thicknes s o f th e gelcoa t i s applied
. Normalize demission s sho w th e genera l tren do f increasin g emission s wit hdecreasin g mol dsurfac e area . Thi s tren dwa s als o eviden t fro mth e emissio n testin g fo r

resi nlamination
.



### Tabl e 2- 4 Tota l Emission s fro mGelcoatin g Relate dt o Mol dSurfac e Are a
18-f t Dec k 18-f t Hul l 28-f t Hul l Gelcoa tUs e

(lb ) 20. 0 25. 7 65. 7 Mol d Are a

(ft 2

### ) 171.0 9 220. 5 45 4 Emission s

Ob/ft* ) 0.022 8 0.026 1 0.038 9 Emission s

(lb/100 0 lb/ft

2 

### ) 1.1 4 1.03 0.5 9

2-1 5 Rev
. 1



# 3 5P.3 8



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### Figur e 2- 7 Emission s fro mGelcoatin g Relate dt o Mol dSurfac e Are a

? 04 ? -
P C? f -

g •-•*- * "

e 4 v

— *

OCi C - p cr ? 7 

# V

\

CT A I S 1 5 1 5 I S I f ZS C*
. P-icl : De c I : Deri : Hul l Hul l Hul l

~.'.\ Ce l Ct l Ce ! Ce . Ge l • e p
? c

4 P £ g O 

# 1

rc

1 0

2 0 Hul l C t l |C_..Jflii y ^*"Norni» l le d i 2. 5 

### Result s of

Resi n Laminatio n Testin g Testin g wa s conducte ddurin g laminatio n o f thre e mol dsiz e an d shap e combination s selecte dto b e representativ e o f th e majority o

f resi n us e i n th e industr}'
. Becaus e th e quantitie s o f resi n use dfor

eac htes t ar e muc hgreate r tha n thos e use di n previou s testing , th e result s wer e ver y reproducibl e (Tabl e 2-5)
. Figure s ar e provide dt o illustrat e th e tabulate ddata
. Al l test s ar e show n in th e figure s an dar e groupe db y resi n (styren e content ) t o allo w compariso n o

f th e result s acros s th e differen t mol dsize s an dshapes
.

2-1 6 Rev. l



# 3nP.3 9



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### Tabl e 2- 5 Emission s Measure dDurin g Resi n Laminatio n

Tes t 1 8 Dec k 3 5 R 1 8 Dec k 3 5 RF C 1 8 Dec k 4 2 R 1 8 Deck42RF C 1 8 Hul l 3 5 R 1 8 Hul l 3 5 RF C 1 8 Hul l 4 2 R 1 8 Hul l 4 2 RF C 2 8 Hul l 3 5 R 2 8 Hul l 4 2 R Resi n Us e (lb ) 124. 6 114. 7 111. 8 122. 2 144. 5 141. 7 142. 9 154. 9 354. 4 304. 2 Percen to f

Availabl e Styren e 14. 0 11. 6 20. 6 13. 1 14. 6 10. 5 20. 2 11. 1 17. 2 22. 9 Emission s

Flu x (lb/ft* ) 0.035 4 0.027 2 0.056 9 0.039 3 0.033 6 0.023 7 0.055 1 0.033 0 0.047 2 0.064 8 Normalize d

(lb/100 0 lb/ft* ) 0.2 9 0.2 4 0.5 1 0.3 2 0.2 3 0.1 7 0.3 9 0.2 1 0.1 3 0.2 1 

### 2.5. 1 Emission s a s Percen t o f Availabl e Styren e Figur e 2- 8 present s th e dat afo r emission s a s afunctio n o f availabl e styrene . In eac hse t

o f tes t run s for agive n mol dsiz e an dshape , th e sam e patter n o f emission s i s seen : th e emission s fro mth e 4 2 percen t styren e resi n laminatio n ar e greate r

tha n th e emission s fro mlaminatio n usin g 3 5 percen t styren e resin , an dth e us e o

f aflo w choppe r

t o appl y th e resi n doe s resul t i n les s emissions
. Th e latte r effect i s likel y th e resul t

of no t atomizin g styren e i n th e spra y u p process . Base do n thes e measurements , th e effec t o f flo w choppe r

us e o n emission s i s greate r

for th e highe r

styren e conten t

resins
. Th e greates t

emission s i n term s o

f percen t availabl e styren e wer e measure dfor

th e large r

mol dsiz e an dth e greate r styren e conten t

resin
. A n averag e los s o

f 23. 3 percen t

o f availabl e styren e wa s measure dfro mlaminatin g th e 28-f t hul l wit h4 2 percen t

styren e resin
. Only 17. 3 percen t los s wa s measure d for th e sam e hul l usin g 3 5 percen t resin
. Becaus e thi s forma t o f presentin g
2-1 7 Rev. l 

# 3 ?P.4 0

NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g Figur e 2- 8 Emission s fro m Laminatio n a s Functio n o f Availabl e Styren e

1 

### 1

E ! 1 1 1 ! *= i 3 ! * S i

* <• c !

. 2 lo t — i

f>° p — — — - i

—

' ' a. r

u

t - > ; - '
. '

_u e: *

a. U [J

Xa

[a

s:

ta

^

u

„ J ? i i- * ; ; . I 1 1 1 £ £ 'i z 1 1 1 1 ; : S i s J . J i s emission s shoul daccoun t fo r difference s i nth e resi nstyren e content , th e result s indicat e tha t

emission s ar e no t

directl y proportiona l t o resi nstyren e content , a s migh t hav e bee n inferre dfro ma nemissio nfacto r base do npercen t

availabl e styrene . Th e comparison s becom e cleare r whe nth e sam e dat aar e reviewe d i nterm s of

th e variou s mold s an dtest s fo r th e differen t

resins
. Figur e 2- 9 present s emission s a s apercentag e o f availabl e styren e i nth e resi nfo r th e tw o resin s tested
. On e observatio n fro mthes e result s i s tha t emission s a s a percentag e of

availabl e styren e fo r

agive nstyren e conten t i nth e resi nincreas e wit hsurfac e are aof

th e mol dfo r

surfac e area s substantiall y greate r (i.e. , th e 28-f

t
2-1 8 Rev. l



# J}P.4 1



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 

### hull)
. Thi s tren di s apparen t for th e tw o styren e conten t

resin s tested
. Also , th e us e o f aflo w choppe r

t o appl y resi n reduce s th e percentag e o f availabl e styren e emitte dfor

agive n mol dsiz e o r

shape
. Greate r

reduction s ar e note dfo

r th e greate r percentag e styren e conten t resin , bu t

i n general , reduction s o f 8 t o 4 5 percen t

ar e noted : fro mabou t

12. 9 percen t

availabl e t o 11. 9 percen t availabl e for th e 3 5 percen t

styren e resi n (18-f

t deck ) an dfro m20. 7 percen t availabl e t o 11. 4 percen t

availabl e for

th e 4 2 percen t

styren e resi n (18-f

t hull)
. 

### Figur e 2- 9 Compariso n o f

Result s b y Tes t

i
.aaO C o g

-- a > -t o # N ^ E C *- ) C U J i

!
10' V 4 — j

• 5'*, -j — i 0' \ ! i

1

1 1

— 1

nacrooaccc-O O O O S . •* a, a, £ & • Jf* S = a tt- g - 3 3 IM<M 1 8"E£S!fi£-c-c-*'*» ' oc-'52£ D «>«>-5 ? © * " < u vra XO r . o j * • X

o t

o < o S tO —r .



### 2-1 9 Rev. l 

### -(0P.4 2



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 2.5. 2 Flu x Emission s

Emission s pe r

uni t are ao f mol dsurfac e (Figur e 2-10 ) sho w th e consistenc y o f

th e run s mad e fo r

testin g an dindicat e genera l trend s i nth e data
. Fo r example , emission s pe r uni t surfac e are aincreas e wit hth e increas e i nresi n styren e content . Also , th e result s ar e fairl y consisten t fo r th e tw o 18-f

t mol d types, despit e th e differenc e i nconfiguration
. Th e hul l i s aconcav e mol dan dth e dec k ( abo w ride r

design ) ha s conve x character
.



### Figur e 2-1 0 Emission s fro mResi n Laminatio n a s Flu x Measuremen t

c 

### I

ut

O.OI O —

o.oo ? —

- • — — —

— —

-

i 2 1 I * r . 5 5 | | i § j j j j v 5 | | j

j |

Th e sam e data , reduce dt o average s fo r eac htes t

set , ar e presente d i nFigur e 2-1 1 fo r

th e tw o differen t

styren e resin s tested
. Thes e result s agai n illustrat e tha t

emission s fro mth e 4 2 percen t styren e resi nar e greate r tha nth e 2-2 0 Rev. l

. (P.4 3



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g emission s fro mth e 3 5 percen t styren e resi nlamination
. I nthi s case , becaus e th e mol dsurfac e area s ar e mor e nearl y equal , flu x emission s fro mth e surfac e o f th e tw o 18-f t mold s ar e almos t

equal
. Figur e 2-1 1 als o show s tha t emission s fro m laminatio n usin g aflo w choppe r ar e les s tha nth e baselin e cases . 

### Figur e 2-1 1 Averag e Emissio n Flu x Measurement s fo r Tw o Resin s

-

"•s
.
. D v > u 't_L » : o c 0.01 0 -j — 0.00 5 -j —
c

ce

ca o o a cctru o U-.blu-.b.b.CUftl'Nb . I k « « « • **'»*£ £ •So^ca-e-B-ioi w o x. ? £ & Six*- *
O aZ •-'t O

2.5. 3 Normalize dEmission s

Figur e 2-1 2 compare s result s fro mal l resi nlaminatio ntes t run s presente da s normalize demission s (mas s o f emission s pe r

mas s o f resi npe r surfac e area)
. Fo r

bot hresins , th e normalize demission s decreas e wit hincreasin g surfac e area , indicate db y th e 18-f t dec k t o th e 18-f

t hul l t o th e 28-f

t hull
. Normalize demission s wer e abou t 8 0 percen t

greate r fro mlaminatio nwit h4 2 percen t styren e resin
. Simila r

trend s ar e note dfo r

th e emission s fro mlaminatio n usin g aflo w chopper ; normalize demission s decreas e wit hincreasin g mol d 2-2 1 Rev. lP.4 4



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### surfac e are aan dar e alway s les s tha n th e normalize demission s for th e correspondin g spra y u p operation
.

Th e difference s betwee n emission s generate dusin g spra y device s an dthos e generate dusin g flo w chopper s can b e see n i n Figur e 2-1 , whic h compare s th e concentratio n trace s for 18-f t hul l an ddec k

mol dlaminatio n usin g tw o differen t

styren e conten t

resin s an dthes e tw o applicatio n methods
. Th e differenc e i n th e concentiatio n profil e i s du e t o th e applicatio n devices
. Th e utilit y o f th e flo w choppe r

i n reducin g th e amoun t

o f styren e atomize di n applicatio n i s muc hgreate r fo r th e highe r

styren e conten t

resin
. A s Figur e 2- 1 illustrates , th e concentratio n tai l after resi n i s applie di s nearl y identica l fo r thes e tw o applicatio n methods
. 

### Figur e 2-1 2

Normalize dEmission s fro mResi n Laminatio n

2-2 2 Rev. l

-~ ?P.4 5

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 3. 0 

### CALIBRATIO N AN D SAMPLIN GPROCEDURE S

Th e extensiv e batter y o

f test s conducte dan dmeasurement s mad e for thi s progra minclude s thos e tha t wer e repeate droutinely , eithe r dail y o r durin g ever y tes t

run , an dthos e tha t

wer e repeate donl y onc e o r twic e ove r

th e cours e o f th e whol e progra m(Tabl e 3-1)
. Thi s sectio n describe s th e procedure s for al l th e test s conducte dan dmeasurement s mad e durin g thi s program , includin g Q C procedure s (calibrations ) an dQ A procedure s followe dt o produc e dat afo r assessin g th e qualit y o

f th e othe r measurements . Th e procedure s ar e presente di n term s o

f thos e associate dwit hth e proces s o f manufacturin g th e par t (i.e. , hul l o r

deck ) an dthos e associate dwit hth e measuremen t o f emissions
. Additiona l measurement s (i.e. , o f ai r flo w ove r

th e mol dan dstyren e recover} 7 

### ) an ddat ahandlin g ar e als o addresse di n thi s section
. Tabl e 3- 1 Measurement s Durin g Tes tProgra m Measuremen t TH C Concentratio n Styren e (MMA ) Concentratio n We t Laminat e Thicknes s We t Fil mThicknes s Styren e (MMA ) Conten t Ge l Tim e Resi n Flo w Rat e Ai r Flo w Ai r Temperatur e Exhaus t Flo w Rat e
Stvren e Recover y Resin/Gelcoa l Weigh t Designatio n Metho d25 A Metho d1 8 We t Mi l Gaug e We t Mi l Gaug e Manufacturer' s Metho d U.S
. Marin e Metho d Spra y Gu n Calibratio n Ho t Wir e Anemomete r Exhaus t Ga s Temperatur e Ven t Stac k Ai r Flo w Rat e
Materia l Balance/Metho d25 A Precisio n Balanc e Frequenc y Continuou s Intermitten t

(6-1 5 mi n intervals ) Eac hTes t

Ru n Eac hTes t

Ru n Pe r Batc hDelivere d Pe r Batc hDelivere d Pre/Pos t Tes t Dail y Fo r Eac hMol d Continuou s On e travers e se t

pe r test ; continuou s poin t measuremen t Pre/Pos t Progra m Pre/Pos t Test ; continuou s measuremen t 

### Tw o tes t run s wer e mad e mos t

tes t days ; th e numbe r

o f test s complete din ada y wa s dictate db y th e duratio n o f th e tes t an dth e availabilit y 3- 1 Rev
. 1 L/C (P.4 6

aaWTAWaWaAW

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g
o f material , molds , an dpersonne l t o construc t th e parts . O nsom e days , onl y a singl e tes t

ru n wa s completed , whil e o nothe r days , a s man y a s thre e tes t run s wer e completed
. Th e procedure s implemente dmos t tes t day s includ e th e following :

• Mornin g spra y equipmen t calibration ;

• Mornin g lea k

chec k an dcalibratio no f

th e TH C analyze r

an dth e GC ;

• Measurement s mad e durin g th e tes t runs , includin g THC , styren e an dMM A (usin g th e GC) , flo w rate , weigh t o f materia l (resi no r

gelcoat ) use ddurin g th e run , an dtemperature ;

• Post-tes t

qualit y contro l measurement s (calibrations) ;

• Measurement s fo r

secon dtes t

ru n(THC , styren e an dMMA , flo w rate , weight , an dtemperature) ;

• Post-tes t

qualit y contro l measurements ; an d

• Evenin g spra y gu n flo w rat e calibration
.

Additiona l test s conducte dinclud e measurin g th e rat e o f ai r flo w ove r th e mol dan dmas s balanc e styren e recover y check s (QA)
. 3. 1 Proces s Procedure s an d Measurement s

Th e procedure s use dt o appl y th e resi nwer e thos e use db y th e skille dU.S
. Marin e staf f i n applyin g gelcoa t

o r resin/glas s i nth e manufacturin g operation
. Resin s an dgelcoa t selecte dfo r

thi s progra mha dcharacteristic s typical of

industr y us e an dmeetin g th e goal s of thi s progra m(Sectio n1.3.5)
. Staf f use dt o manufactur e mold s an dt o trai nlaminatio nstaf f performe dal l gelcoatin g an dlaminatio n durin g thi s program . Additiona l personne l assiste d whe n glas s wa s rolle dou t o r wove nrovin g adde dt o th e mold
.

3- 2 Rev. lP.4 7

Baselin e EmissionTesting
3.1. 1 Applicatio n Procedure s

Afte r th e mornin g calibration s wer e completed , monitorin g o f ai r flo w wa s established , material s t o b e applie dwer e weighed , an dlaminatio n(b y spra y u p o r

flo w chopper ) o r

gelcoatin g o f

apar t i nth e TT Ecommenced
. Skille d operator s applie dresi n an dgelcoa t a s the y woul di nnorma l production
. Th e operator s measure dlaminat e an dgelcoa t thicknes s periodicall y a s th e materia l wa s applied , usin g acho p mi l gaug e fo r laminat e thicknes s an dagelcoa t mi l gaug e fo r

gelcoa t thickness
. Durin g th e applicatio no f bot hmaterials , multipl e reading s wer e take n a t thre e location s alon g th e lengt ho f th e mol da s th e operator s fabricate dth e part . Th e operator s di dno t recor dgaug e reading s bu t applie dmateria l t o th e desire dthickness , i naccordanc e wit hnorma l operatin g procedures
. Gelcoa t

wa s applie dusin g spra y gun s wit hadistanc e o f 18-2 4 in
. fro mspra y tip t o mol dsurfac e fo r smalle r (18-ft ) parts . Th e distanc e wa s greate r fo r gelcoatin g th e 28-f

t hul l mold , reachin g 4- 5 f t a t th e greates t

distanc e fro mth e applicatio n equipmen t

t o th e kee l o f

th e hull
. Whe ngelcoating , afo g coa t wa s applie dfirs t

t o on e sid e o f

th e mol dan dthe nathicke r laye r wa s applie dt o brin g th e coatin g t o anomina l thicknes s of 2 0 mils
. Usin g typical gelcoatin g procedure , th e operato r checke dth e gelcoa t

thicknes s severa l time s i na t leas t thre e location s o n eac hsid e o f th e mol dt o ensur e unifor mthickness
. Afte r on e sid e wa s coated , th e mol dwa s rotated , an dth e proces s wa s repeate dt o coa t th e othe r hal f o f th e mol dsurface
. Comple x portion s o f som e molds , suc ha s encountere do n th e 18-f t dec k mold , wer e coate dusin g acu p an dbrus h technique
. Thes e portion s wer e typically inaccessibl e wit hth e spra y equipment
.

3- 3 Rev. 1P.4 8



### /VMM4 a_rr*_f%£P%&*'

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### A simila r procedur e wa s use dt o appl y resi n an dglas s t o th e 18-f t hul l an ddec k

an dth e 28-f

t hul l molds
. I n thi s procedure , though , aski n coa t o f resi n an dglas s o

f abou t 90 mi l thicknes s wa s applie dfirs t an dallowe dt o cur e almos t entirel y befor e applyin g additiona l layer s o f th e laminate
. Additiona l layer s wer e the n adde db y alternatin g resin/glas s cho p an dresin/wove n roving
. Th e choppe dglas s wa s rolle dou t a t ever} ' layer
. Th e laminat e thicknesse s fo r

th e hull s an ddeck s wer e muc hgreate r tha n th e laminat e thicknesse s use di n previou s studies
. Fo r example , alaminat e thicknes s o f 41 4 mil s wa s use di n th e botto mo f th e 28-f t hul l (includin g thre e layer s o f wove n roving , eac habou t 4 8 mi l thickness) , an dathicknes s o f 19 8 mil s wa s use d for th e side s an dtranso mo f th e sam e hul l (includin g on e roving)
. A 0.010-in
. thicknes s gaug e wa s use dt o mak e th e measurements . 3.1. 2 Spra y Equipmen t Calibratio n Th e spra y gu n resi n o r

gelcoa t flo w rat e wa s determine da t th e beginnin g o

f ever y tes t

da y an dconfirme da t

th e en do

f ever y tes t

day , tha t is , befor e th e firs t

tes t an dafter th e las t test . Th e spra y equipmen t flo w rat e wa s adjuste d(resi n pum p pressur e wa s adjuste dan dspra y tip size s changed ) b y th e operato r t o provid e th e norma l resi n an dgelcoa t outpu t for manufacturin g operations , an dth e flow rat e wa s recorded
. Th e flo w rat e calibratio n consiste do f sprayin g resi n (o r

gelcoat ) int o apre-weighe dcontaine r fo r 1 5 seconds , recordin g th e materia l weight , an dcalculatin g th e rat e i n pound s pe r minute
. Fo r spray-u p application , th e glas s conten t wa s adjuste dt o th e require dresi n flo w rate ; after

th e resi n flo w rat e wa s established , th e choppe r spee dwa s adjuste dt o provid e th e prope r glas s ratio
. Th e spra y patter n wa s evaluate db y th e experience doperator s by sprayin g resi n an dglas s ont o acardboar dpanel
. Adjustment s wer e mad e base do n th e visua l patter n to achiev e th e desire d result
.

—_ __ _ 

## V 7P.4 9



## &MMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g

Th e resin/gelcoat-to-catalys t rati o wa s calibrate db y comparin g th e catalys t volum e measuremen t

t o flo w rat e an dadjustin g th e catalys t rati o b y th e slav e pum p setting
. Bot hresi nan dcatalys t ar e delivere dt o th e applicato r hea d b y positiv e displacemen t pumps . Becaus e th e air-actuate dpisto npump s delive r afixe damoun t

o f materia l wit hever y stroke , th e amoun t o f catalys t delivere dt o th e applicato r

hea dca n b e accuratel y se t base do nth e strok e count . Th e amoun t o f catalys t delivere dt o th e applicato r i s ver y smal l compare dwit hth e amoun t o f resi ndelivered , s o th e amoun t o f resi ni s se t

firs t an dcalibratio ncompleted
. The n th e strok e coun t

o f th e resi npum p i s se t

t o th e desire dcatalys t ratio
. Th e catalys t rati o i s adjuste dafte r

applicatio nof

th e ski ncoa t

an dthe nthes e strok e coun t setting s wer e maintaine dthroughou t eac hday
. 3.1. 3 Ge l Tim e

Ge l time wa s measure do nsit e fo r eac hbatc hof

resi nuse d (Tabl e 3-2)
. Th e procedur e use dt o measur e ge l time (Appendi x D ) i s th e sam e procedur e use db y U.S
. Marin e i ndeterminin g ge l time fo r productio nresi nan d gelcoat
. Ge l tim e fo r

gelcoa t wa s determine dusin g a2 percen t 92 5 clea r

catalys t (MEKP) ; age l time o f

abou t 16. 5 minute s i s typical fo r th e gelcoat
. Tw o ge l time s ar e commo n fo r

lamination , on e fo r

th e ski ncoa t

an danothe r

fo r th e bul k o f th e lamination
. Th e ski n coa t ge l time fo r

th e 3 5 percen t

styren e resi nwa s abou t 1 8 minute s usin g a2 percen t Re d92 5 MEK Pcatalyst ; th e remainde r o f th e laminatio n wa s don e usin g age l tim e o f abou t 23. 2 minute s wit ha1. 5 percen t Re d92 5 MEK Pcatalyst
. Th e latte r material s achieve dapea k ge l temperatur e i n 2 6 (fo r th e 1. 5 percen t

catalyst ) t o 3 4 minute s (fo r th e 2 percen t

catalyst)
. Comparabl e ge l measurement s wer e mad e fo r th e 4 2 percen t

styren e resin
.

3- 5 Rev. 1 

# HfP.5 0

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### Tabl e 3- 2 Ge l Tim e Result s Gelcoa t Ge l time @ 77° F 35 % Resi n Ge l time Ge l time t o 150° F Tim e t o Pea k

Temperatur e Pea k Temperatur e (°F ) 42 % Resi n Ge l time Ge l time t o 150° F Tim e t o Pea k

Temperatur e Pea k Temperatur e (°F ) 1.5 % Catalys t

23:1 3 6:0 5 33:5 7 35 0 23:2 9 6:1 7 35:5 5 32 0 2 % Catalys t

16:3 0 17:5 9 5:0 6 26:1 8 36 0 18:4 2 5:0 5 28:4 7 35 2 2,5 % Catalys t

15:3 8 3:0 9 22:1 1 37 6 16:3 8 5:0 4 27:0 8 36 7 

### 3.1. 4 Styren e an dMethy l Methacrylat e Conten t

Styren e an dMMA conten t of th e resin s an dgelcoa t

use ddurin g thi s stud y wer e determine db y th e resi n suppliers : Alpha/Owens-Cornin g for th e resi n an dCoo k

Composite s an dPolymer s fo r th e gelcoat
. Industr y procedure s wer e followe dan dcertification s o f styren e an dMMA conten t provide d(Tabl e 3-3)
. Materia l safet y dat asheet s wit hmateria l certification s ar e in Appendi x E
. 

### Tabl e 3- 3

Styren e an dMM A Content s Materia l Laminatin g Resi n (3 5 R ) Laminatin g Resi n (4 2 R) Tes t Gelcoa t Productio nGelcoa t

(USM ) Styre-de; : ^*rtfent:;(wt. : :;^; |

35. 1 42. 2 32. 0 30.9 5 :;::MMA^Coriferit:;(i^S%| ! 0. 0 0. 0 5. 0 4.9 5

3- 6 Rev. l 

# HIP.5 1

Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 3. 2 Emissio n Testin g Equipmen t an dProcedure s
Thi s sectio n describe s th e equipmen t use dt o sampl e emission s fro mth e enclosur e an dt o measur e othe r critica l tes t

parameter s suc ha s flo w rat e fro mth e enclosure , temperatur e o f th e exhaus t

stream , an damoun t

o f resi n applied
. Q C check s mad e o n th e samplin g syste mar e als o presente di nthi s section
. Sample s wer e collecte dfro mth e enclosure' s exhaus t duc t throug h Teflon ® sampl e tubin g a t ambien t temperatur e usin g asampl e pump . Thi s sampl e wa s fe dcontinuousl y t o aTH C analyze r an dt o th e G C use dt o speciat e th e organi c compound s i n th e exhaus t stream . Th e TH C dat awer e collecte d continuousl y an drecorde di n acompute r dat aacquisitio nsyste m(DAS ) throug h aDianachar t

dat alogger
. G C dat awer e collecte dseparately
. Th e followin g dat awer e collecte dcontinuously :

• TT Eoutle t

TH C concentration ,
• TT Einle t

TH C concentration ,
• Velocit y pressur e hea di n th e exhaus t duct ,
• Temperatur e o f

th e exhaus t

stream , an d

• Weigh t

o f th e gelcoa t

o r resi nused
. 3.2. 1 Lea k

Chec k an dInstrumen t

Calibratio n
Lea k check s an dbia s check s wer e incorporate dint o th e calibratio n an drespons e facto r

procedures , respectively
. Calibratio ngase s wer e introduce d a t th e prob e inlet , an dcalibratio nresponse s wer e obtaine dusin g th e sam e procedure s a s thos e use dfo r sampl e responses . Certification s fo r al l ga s

——__ . — - 

# ,5 bP.5 2

Baselin e EmissionTesting standard s ar e include di n Appendi x F
. N o vacuu mlea k check s wer e performe d becaus e an y leaks , if

present , woul db e smal l enoug ht o b e "calibrate dout " an d stabl e enoug ht o hav e anegligibl e effec t o npost-tes t

drif t measurements . An y bia s introduce db y th e syste mwa s similarl y subsume di nth e respons e facto r determination s becaus e the y wer e performe dwit hth e entir e samplin g system .

Instrumen t

calibratio ncheck s wer e als o mad e a t th e instrumen t an dth e result s compare dwit hth e overal l calibratio ncheck s mad e a t th e sampl e prob e tip. Th e tw o set s of result s wer e consistent , indicatin g tha t ther e wa s littl e o r n o bia s i n th e samplin g system . Check s b y th e EP A durin g thei r technica l syste maudi t

verifie dth e finding s o f th e NMM A checks
. 3.2.1. 1 Tota l Hydrocarbo nAnalyze r

TH C wa s measure da t

th e outle t

an dinle t

o f th e enclosur e usin g a n FI D i naccordanc e wit hEP A Metho d25 A (Appendi x A)
. Analysi s o f th e outle t ga s strea mwa s mad e usin g aTherm o Electro nMode l 51 H TH C analyzer
. A Ratfisc hMode l 52R Fanalyze r wa s use dt o monito r

TH C conten t

i nth e inle t

ai r t o th e enclosure
. A secon dRatfisc hwa s hel do nstand-b y i ncas e on e o f th e othe r instrument s failed
. Bothinstrument s wer e calibrate dusin g th e sam e procedure
.

Befor e testin g eac hday , th e calibratio no f th e FI D wa s verifie d usin g zero , lo w spa n (3 0 percent) , mid-spa n(6 0 percent) , an d9 0 percen t spa n gases . Onl y on e detectio n range , 100 0 ppm v a s propane , wa s used , whic h covere dconcentration s o f styren e fro m0 t o approximatel y 41 6 ppmv . Calibratio nwa s simplifie db y usin g th e DA S instea dof recalibratin g th e tw o instruments
. Tha t

is , instea dof

usin g adjustmen t

potentiometer s o nth e instrument s themselves , th e respons e signa l t o th e DA S compute r wa s adjuste d i n th e compute r

program . Thi s approach , whic hbasicall y acknowledge s tha t th e 3- 8 Rev. lP.5 3

Baselin e Emissio nTesting DA S i s a nintegra l par t o f th e entir e sampling , analysis , an ddat aacquisitio n system , allowe dmor e rapi dcalibratio no f th e syste meac hmorning
. A n advantage , beyon dmer e simplificatio no f th e process , wa s tha t

calibratio n incorporatin g th e DA S allowe dcalibratio nof th e entir e system , includin g samplin g lines , instrument , an ddat asystems , incorporatin g potentia l biase s create db y sampl e extractio n equipment , instrumen t response , an dth e DA S int o asingl e syste mresponse . Th e acceptabl e calibratio nerro r o f les s tha n1 0 percen t wa s me t fo r bot hinstrument s fo r

al l test s (Sectio n4.1.1)
. Th e FI D wa s calibrate dwit hpropane . Instrumen t respons e factor s wer e periodicall y develope dfo r styren e an dMM A b y analyzin g know n concentration s o f

th e targe t

compound s i namanne r identica l t o tha t

employe d fo r propan e calibration
. Thi s procedur e generate dacorrelatio nof relativ e respons e of

th e compound s o nth e TH C instrument , afacto r neede dt o compar e th e result s o f

Metho d1 8 samplin g wit hMetho d25 A sampling
. Afte r th e firs t tes t o f th e dav , th e instrumen t drift o f th e analvze r •t at wa s checke dusin g zero , 3 0 percent , an d6 0 percen t spa ngases . Whe nth e drif t wa s withi n th e acceptabl e range , testin g proceeded ; otherwise , th e instrumen t wa s recalibrated
. Th e post-tes t calibratio ndrif

t wa s recorde dbefor e an y recalibratio n too k

place
. Th e result s o f

thes e measurement s ar e reporte di n Sectio n 4.1.1
. Printout s o f ra w continuou s emissio nmonitorin g dat aar e include d b y ru n i n th e fiel ddat aboun dseparately
. Monitorin g dat aprintout s wit h reduce ddat aar e include dwit hothe r calculation s (Appendi x C)
.

3- 9 Rev. 1



# 5 " 2 .P.5 4

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### 3.2.1. 2 Ga s Chromatograp h

Concentration s o

f th e tw o specifi c organi c compound s expecte di n th e exhaus t

fromth e enclosur e (styren e an dMMA ) wer e measure dt o provid e speciatio n o

f thei r emission s durin g gelcoa t operation s an dt o provid e achec k o n th e Metho d25 A emissio n measurement s usin g Metho d18
. Specifi c concentration s o

f styren e an dMMA wer e determine dusin g periodi c measurement s b y G C usin g aHewlet t Packar dMode l 589 0 wit haMode l 339 6 Serie s I I integrator
. A Supelc o G P10 % l,2,3-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)propen e o n 80/10 0 Chromosor b PA

Wcolum n (1/8-i n diamete r X 6 f t lon g stainles s steel ) wa s use dfor

thes e analyses
. Hydroge n a t 2 5 ps i wa s provide dt o th e instrumen t for th e flame ; ai r

(at 3 3 psi ) an dnitroge n (a t

5 0 psi ) wer e als o provide dt o th e instrumen t

t o suppor t

th e flame an da s acarrie r ga s (3 5 cc/min ) for

th e sample
. Th e instrumen t

wa s maintaine da t

130° C for

al l G C analyses
. a/ 

### Measurement s an dcalibratio n wer e conducte di n accordanc e wit h EPA Metho d1 8 specification s (Appendi x A)
. Sampl e ga s wa s continuousl y fe d t o th e GC usin g th e samplin g syste mfro mth e enclosur e exhaus t duct
. Par t

o f th e sampl e strea mwa s sen t

t o th e TH C analyzer , wit hanothe r portio n o

f th e strea m flowin g t o th e GC
. A t

leas t GC fou r measurement s pe r

hou r wer e t o b e mad e i n accordanc e wit hth e QAPP ; mor e often , dat awer e collecte dever y 6 t o 8 minutes
.

Th e G C wa s calibrate daccordin g t o Metho d1 8 procedure s usin g styren e an dMMA t o indicat e th e retentio n time an dth e are acounts . Styren e ga s standard s i n cylinder s wer e use dt o provid e styren e fo r thes e calibrations
. MMA standard s wer e prepare di n Tedlar ® bag s (Appendi x G) usin g th e procedur e detaile di n Metho d18
. After establishin g th e retentio n tim e for styren e an d MMA , th e integrato r

wa s programme dt o identif y th e tw o compound s (b y retentio n time) an duse dth e respons e facto r determine ddail y to calculat e th e 3-1 0 Rev
. 1



# S3P.5 5



### /VMMA a_\^_\r%tWaaW

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g concentration s o f

eac hcompound
. Are acount s fo r th e instrumen t

response s wer e recorde dan dconcentration s calculate doff-lin e i nspreadsheets
. A linea r relationshi p betwee n concentratio nan dare acoun t wa s generate dfo r

eac h calibratio n t o calculat e concentrations
. (Thes e calibratio n"curves " ar e include d wit hth e calculation s i n Appendi x C. ) Al l chromatogram s generate ddurin g dail y test s hav e bee n boun dseparatel y wit hth e othe r fiel ddata
. Record s an d reduction s fo r

ever y ru nar e include di nAppendi x C
. Da y t o da y calibratio ncheck s me t th e acceptanc e criteri ao r th e instrumen t

wa s recalibrated
. Result s o f instrumen t

calibratio nar e presente di n Sectio n 4.1.2
. Th e audi t o f th e G C syste mtha t

th e EP A conducte di s discusse di n Sectio n4.7
. 3.2. 2 Flo w Rat e Measurement s

Ai r flo w rat e fro mth e enclosur e wa s measure dusin g EP A Metho d2 protocol s onc e pe r test . Flo w rat e wa s als o monitore dcontinuousl y a t a singl e poin t

i n th e TT Eexhaus t

duc t usin g astandar d(Typ e L ) pito t tub e by

recordin g th e velocit y pressur e hea da t th e centroi dof

th e duct
. Th e pressur e hea dwa s logge dthroug hth e Dianachar t dat alogge r

t o th e compute r

DA S wit h othe r parameters , suc ha s temperature , resi nweight , an dTH C concentration s a t th e inle t an doutle t

t o th e enclosure
. Th e Metho d2 velocit y travers e wa s performe dfo r

eac htes t

ru n usin g th e sam e standar dpito t tub e t o monito r

ai r flo w throug hth e duct
.

A velocit y fo r

eac hrecorde dTH C measuremen t wa s calculate d base do n arati o of

th e averag e pressur e hea dreadings
. Th e constan t velocit y monito r readin g a t

th e time o f

th e travers e wa s noted
. Thi s readin g wa s scale dt o th e instantaneou s readin g (recorde di nth e DAS ) an dt o th e flo w rat e measure d 3-1 1 ' Rev. l



# SiP.5 6

AWJffi&PTttW

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g usin g acomplet e traverse . Th e averag e o f eac hcalculate d1-mi n flo w rat e readin g base do n 1-mi n velocit y hea dreading s wa s use di ncalculatin g a n averag e volumetri c flo w rat e ove r th e entir e samplin g perio do f th e tes t run . Th e chang e i n flo w rat e ove r th e cours e o f

an y tes t ru nwa s les s tha n3 percent . 3.2. 3 Temperatur e

Th e type K

thermocoupl e use dfo r DA S an dflo w measurement s wa s calibrate do n sit e a t tw o points : ic e bat h(32°F ) an dboilin g wate r (212 C F)
. Ai r temperatur e withi n th e enclosur e wa s monitore dcontinuousl y a t th e locatio n o f th e fixe dpitot
. Therefore , thi s temperatur e reflect s th e temperatur e a t th e samplin g locatio n rathe r tha n th e temperatur e withi nth e enclosure
. Ai r flo w velocitie s withi n th e exhaus t duc t wer e approximatel y 30-3 5 ft/sec
. Th e TT E exhaus t temperatur e wa s therefor e measure dwithi ntw o second s o f leavin g th e enclosure
. Th e temperatur e o f th e well-mixe dTT Eexhaus t provide dabette r measuremen t

o f th e averag e TT Etemperatur e tha nasingl e fixe dpoin t withi n th e TT Ebecaus e o f

th e shor t

retentio ntim e i nth e exhaus t duc t an dth e smal l temperatur e differentia l betwee nambien t an dexhaus t

air
. Th e temperatur e wa s monitore dcontinuousl y usin g th e DA S calibrate da t tw o points
. 3.2. 4 Weigh to f Materia l Use d
Th e weigh t

o f th e resi no r

gelcoa t use ddurin g ates t

ru nwa s determine db y weighin g th e containe r o f materia l o naplatfor mbalanc e immediatel y befor e an dafte r applicatio nt o th e mold
. Th e balanc e wa s equippe d wit ha n analo g outpu t

tha t allowe dchange s i nweigh t t o b e tracke do nth e DAS
. A smal l degre e o f

variabilit y i nth e weigh t measuremen t

wa s note d durin g th e testin g o n th e CF A mold , wher e onl y 3. 5 t o 1 0 l b o f resi nwer e used
. 3-1 2 Rev
. 1P.5 7

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g Th e variabilit y resulte dfro mth e movemen t o f th e ancillar y equipmen t associate dwit hth e resi n an dcatalys t deliver y systems . A s indicate db y th e weig hscal e calibratio n check s (Sectio n4.6 ) an daudi t (Sectio n4.7.2) , th e scal e me t th e desire dperformanc e criteri aan dprovide daccurat e measurement s o f th e resi nan dgelcoa t

us e durin g testin g o nboa t parts . Th e weigh t

o f th e catalys t

wa s determine dfro mth e resi n(o r gelcoat ) weigh t

an dth e establishe dcatalyst-to-resi nratio
. Thes e ratio s wer e se t base do n strok e coun t

o f th e positiv e displacemen t pisto npump s use dfo r bot h materials
. Th e amoun t

o f catalys t wa s insignifican t

compare dt o resi no r

gelcoa t use . Th e balanc e use dt o determin e weigh t o f resi nan dgelcoa t

use d durin g laminatio n wa s calibrate db y Weig hTronic s i nSeattl e befor e i t wa s delivere dt o th e site
. Al l adjustment s wer e mad e a t th e signa l outpu t

an dDAS ; n o adjustmen t

wa s mad e t o th e scal e tha t woul dhav e affecte dit s calibration
. Calibratio n certificatio n i s include dwit hothe r certification s i nAppendi x F
. Calibratio n o f

th e scal e wa s checke dperiodicall y durin g th e testin g program . Thes e result s ar e presente di nSectio n4.6
. Th e precisio nan daccurac y o f th e balanc e wa s checke ddurin g th e on-sit e technica l syste maudi t conducte d b y th e EPA
. Th e result s o f thi s audi t

ar e presente di nSectio n4.7.2
. 3. 3 Ai r

Flo w Ove r

th e Mol d
Ai r flo w ove r

th e mol di nth e TT Ewa s measure dt o enhanc e th e documentatio n o f

th e experiment s conducted , bu t n o adjustmen t

wa s mad e t o th e rat e of

ai r flo w throug hth e enclosur e base do nth e measurement . Th e mor e importan t

adjustmen t

wa s th e flo w rat e throug hth e enclosur e t o simulat e th e

3 4 3 Rev. l___aB8^MBfflBHoBcrf__BBWy" '



## /¥MMA a&W£aWAW*iW

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### numbe r o f roo mvolum e exchange s foun di n th e U.S
. Marin e productio n are a(an P.5 8

integra l par t

o f th e TT Edesign)
. Th e velocitie s ove r th e part s wer e measure d merel y t o provid e arecord
.

T o suppor t

th e validit y o f

th e measure dvelocitie s ove r th e parts , measurement s wer e mad e (wit haho t wir e anemometer ) earl y i nth e tes t progra mt o determin e th e rang e o f velocitie s ove r

part s encountere di nth e productio n environment
. Ai r flo w velocitie s i naproductio nlaminatio nare a use dfo r laminatin g larg e boat s an dlarg e part s fo r thos e boat s range dfro m20

- 2 5 ft/mi n nea r

th e ai r pick-up s a t

th e exhaus t

plenu mt o 34-4 0 ft/mi ni nth e cente r o f th e laminatio n area . (I nthi s productio narea , ai r wa s supplie dthroug h ai r handler s a t

on e sid e of

th e roo man dexhauste dfro mpick-u p plen ao nth e opposit e sid e o f

th e room. ) Velocitie s nea r 20 0 ft/mi nwer e measure do ncovere d mold s (conve x architecture ) nea r th e exhaus t

fro mth e ai r

handler s servicin g th e laminatio n area . Thi s highe r velocit y wa s no t

typical i nth e laminatio narea . Measurement s mad e i nth e testin g enclosur e showe dtha t velocitie s o f 20-2 4 ft/mi n wer e typical fo r th e enclosure
. Thes e velocitie s wer e typical of measurement s fo r

induce ddraf

t environments , suc ha s thos e foun dneare r th e exhaus t plenu mi n th e laminatio nroom . Measurement s o nth e par t (nea r th e doo r t o th e enclosure ) showe dtha t th e bul k velocit y int o th e enclosur e wa s approximatel y 4 0 ft/min
. (Velocitie s a t th e NDO s t o th e TT Ewer e muc hgreate r tha n th e require d20 0 ft/min , a s note di nSectio n1.3.1. )

Ai r flo w ove r

th e mol dwa s firs t

evaluate dfo r

th e 18-f t dec k mold
. Measurement s a t

fiv e location s o nth e mol dsurfac e range dfro m20-2 4 ft/mi no n th e lowe r

portio n of

th e mol dt o 30-3 5 ft/mi na t th e uppe r

regio nof

th e mold , neare r th e ai r intake s fo r

th e enclosure
. Velocitie s wer e checke do nth e 28-f t hul l mol da t seve n locations ; velocitie s range dfro m2 0 t o 3 6 ft/min
. Measurement s 3-1 4 Rev
. l K'fP.5 9



### /¥/9fAfA J&a_W*WJSPBaselin e Emissio n Testin g wer e mad e paralle l t o th e surfac e o f th e mold , wher e th e maximu mvelocit y wa s note do n th e readou t

fro mth e ho t

wir e anemometer . Sketche s fro mth e lo g boo k showin g location s o f

measurement s an dresult s ar e foun di nAppendi x H
. Durin g th e sit e audi t

b y th e EP A an dit s contracto r Midwes t Researc hInstitut e (MRI) , ai r velocit y measurement s a t th e mol dsurfac e wer e mad e t o verif} * tha t

th e velocit y wa s i nth e rang e typical o f th e industr y (an d plant ) practice
. Measurement s mad e b y MR I (Appendi x H ) corroborat e th e measurement s mad e o n th e molds
.

Velocitie s wer e no t

measure ddurin g eac htes t o r run . Thes e velocitie s wer e no t

ke y measurement s o f

th e program ; further , th e velocitie s woul dno t

b e expecte dt o var y durin g th e progra mbecaus e th e flo w rat e throug hth e enclosur e wa s no t avariabl e durin g thi s progra man dth e geometr y o f th e mold s di dno t

van'
. 3. 4 Mas s Balanc e Styren e Recover y Chec k

I n accordanc e wit hth e QAPP , styren e evaporatio ntest s (th e towe l tests ) wer e conducte dt o evaluat e th e captur e an drecover} * o f styren e b y th e samplin g system . Tw o test s wer e completed , on e a t th e initiatio nof

th e testin g progra man don e a t

it s conclusion
. A covere dcontaine r

wa s loade dwit halarg e pan , acollapsibl e clothe s dryin g rack , towels , an dagallo nof styren e an dwa s weighe do na precisio n scal e outsid e th e TTE
. (Th e scal e use dfo r thi s tes t wa s use db y RT I i n thei r testin g t o measur e smalle r quantitie s o f

materials. ) Th e containe r wa s the n place dinsid e th e TTE , th e rac k erecte di nth e pan , towel s drape dove r th e bars , and , wit hth e flo w rat e an demission s bein g measured , th e styren e wa s poure d
3-1 5 Rev
. l



# JSP.6 0



## /VMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### ove r th e towel s an dint o th e pan . A fan wa s use dt o induc e flo w ove r th e towel s an daccelerat e styren e evaporation
. Afte r abou t 3 0 minutes , th e equipmen t wa s repacke dint o th e containe r an dth e TTEallowe dt o clear o f styren e (whil e emissio n monitorin g continued)
. Whe n emission s reache dbackgroun d concentrations , th e containe r wa s remove dfro mth e TT Ean dreweighed
. Emission s wer e measure dusin g th e TH C analyze r an dth e G C durin g th e firs t

styren e recovery check , bu t usin g onl y th e TH C analyze r durin g th e second
. Recoverie s ar e base do n TH C results , an dth e samplin g system' s captur e an drecovery o

f styren e wa s assesse db y comparin g th e quantit y o f styren e evaporate d(determine dfro mweigh t los s o f th e container ) wit hth e quantit y o

f styren e measure di n th e exhaus t (calculate dfro mth e averag e styren e concentratio n an dexhaus t flo w rate)
. Th e result s o f thes e tests , reporte di n Sectio n 4.7.4 , indicat e goo dagreemen t betwee n th e measure devaporativ e los s an dth e measure dmas s emissio n quantity
. 3. 5 Dat aCustod y

Becaus e al l emissio n measurement s wer e mad e usin g continuou s monitor s tha t

ven t emissio n stream s afte r

analysis , n o sampl e retentio n wa s necessary , o r

possible
. Dat acollecte di n th e fiel dinclud e ge l time, spra y gu n calibration , quantit y o

f resi n materia l used , temperatur e o f th e exhaust , stati c pressur e o

f th e exhaus t

stream , pressur e hea do f th e exhaus t

stream , TH C concentratio n o

f th e inle t strea mt o th e enclosure , TH C concentratio n o n th e outle t strea mfro

mth e enclosure , an dconcentration s o f specifi c compound s i n th e exhaus t

fromth e enclosure
. Tes t run s ar e designate db y day , for example , 0408-0 1 indicate s th e firs t ru n o n Apri l 8,1997
. Tes t number s ar e designate dwit h "NMMA " prefix , for

example , NMMA-l- 1 indicate s tes t conditio n 1 , assessmen t

1 (Tabl e 1-1)
. Thus , ates t ca n b e identifie db y dat e o r b y type usin g 3-1 6 Rev
. 1



# 5 9P.6 1

a&W&WaWa&P! Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### th e tota l description : 0405-01 , NMMA-8- 2 indicate s asecon dreplicat e o f a28-f t hul l gelcoatin g an dwa s th e firs t ru n o n Apri l 5,1997
.

3-1 7 Rev
. 1 

# QoP.6 2

NMMA „ , „ 4&aWaWJ&'

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 4. 0 QUALIT Y CONTRO LAN D QUALIT Y ASSURANC E

Qualit y control/qualit y assuranc e (QC/QA ) guideline s outlin e pertinen t step s t o b e followe ddurin g th e productio no f ga s compositio ndat at o ensur e th e reliabilit y an dacceptanc e o f th e dat agenerated
. QC , i nth e contex t o f thi s report , refer s t o asyste mof activitie s designe dt o achiev e aleve l o f precisio n an daccurac y a s specifie di n th e projec t plan
. Th e Q C procedure s ar e targete da t maintainin g aleve l of

qualit y bu t

i nthemselve s ar e no t

ameasur e of

th e degre e o f qualit y achieved
. QA , a s use di nthi s report , refer s t o th e syste mo f activitie s implemente dt o measur e th e effectivenes s of th e Q C system . Th e QC/Q A procedure s implemente ddurin g thi s tes t progra m wer e presente di n th e Quality Assurance Project Plan for the National

Marine Manufacturers Association Baseline Emission Testing Project (QAPP) , whic hwa s approve db y th e EP A befor e th e on-sit e samplin g program . Thi s sectio npresent s th e result s of

th e measurement s take nt o demonstrat e adherenc e t o th e dat a qualit y objective s fo r

critica l measurements , a s presente di nSectio n3 o f th e QAPP
. 4. 1 Concentratio n Measurement s

Th e measurement s take nfo r th e characterizatio no f TH C conten t

o f th e TT Eexhaus t

ga s strea mwer e mad e accordin g t o th e procedure s o f EP A Metho d25A ; thi s approac hwa s th e sam e a s tha t use di npreviou s studies , ensurin g comparablit y wit hthos e previou s tests . Styren e an dMM A concentratio n measurement s wer e mad e accordin g t o Metho d1 8 procedures
. Previou s studie s hav e no t evaluate dresin s containin g MMA
. Metho d1 8 result s ar e critica l t o speciatio n o f TH C fro mth e gelcoa t

testin g wher e thes e tw o specie s ar e measured
. N o othe r compoun dwa s identifie di nth e Metho d1 8

4- 1 Rev. 1 

# (olP.6 3

/VMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### chromatograms
. Th e Q A measure s an dth e acceptanc e criteri ause dfor thi s tes t program , whic hwer e approve db y th e EPA i n th e QAPP , ar e presente di n Tabl e 4-1
. 

### Tabl e 4- 1 Acceptanc e Criteri afo r

Concentratio n Measurement s Metho d 25 A 25 A 1 8 1 8 Measuremen tJ Calibratio n Erro r Calibratio n Drif

t Calibratio n Erro r Calibratio n Drif

t ; Acceptanc e Criteri a <

_ 1 0 percen t

o f calibratio n ga s valu e < 1 0 percen t

o f calibratio n ga s valu e < 1 0 percen t

o f calibratio n ga s valu e < 5 percen t

o f calibratio n ga s valu e Note : Cabbratio n erro r

measurement s wer e substitute dfor performanc e audit s becaus e n o audi t material s wer e provide dfor routin e assessment . 

### 4.1. 1 Tota l Hydrocarbo n Measurement s (Metho d 25A )

Table s 4- 2 an d4- 3 presen t th e result s o

f th e Metho d25 A calibratio n erro r an ddrif t test s for al l th e tes t

runs . Detaile dresult s ar e presente di n Appendi x C
. Bot

hassessment s o

f instrumen t

performanc e wer e mad e before an dafte r eac htest . Th e calibratio n error s presente di n Tabl e 4- 2 ar e withi n th e acceptanc e criteri apresente di n th e QAPP
. Th e result s o f instrumen t

drif t assessment s demonstrat e simila r results ; al l post-tes t

assessment s ar e wel l withi n 1 0 percen t

o f pre-tes t values
. Base do n revie w o f thes e Metho d25 A calibratio n assessments , al l th e dat apresente di n thi s repor t ar e accurat e t o withi n 1 0 percen t

o f th e value s reported , wit havariabilit y i n precisio n of n o greate r tha n 1 0 percent .

Becaus e Shirle y Wasso n o f th e OR D durin g he r

revie w o f th e QAP Pexpresse dconcern s abou t th e stabilit y o

f styren e store din cylinders , TH C instrumen t

calibration s wer e performe dusin g propane . Respons e factor s wer e the n determine dfo

r instrumen t

respons e t o styren e an dMMA i n term s o f

4- 2 Rev. l



# 6 2P.6 4

/VMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testing Tabl e 4- 2 Calibratio n Erro r

Measurement s fo r

Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyze r (Percen t Actua l Ga s Value )

Dat e 10-Apr 11-Apr 15-Apr 16-Apr 2-Ap r 8-Ap r 11-Ap r 3-Ap r 8-Ap r 12-Ap r 14-Apr 10-Ap r 11-Apr 15-Apr 16-Ap r 4-Ap r 8-Apr 5-Ap r 9-Ap r 12-Apr 14-Apr 10-Apr 11-Ap r 18-Apr 19-Apr 3-Ap r 5-Apr 4-Ap r "-Ap r 9-Ap r 10-Apr 12-Apr 14-Ap r 18-Ap r Tes t NMMA-14- 1 NMMA-14- 2 NMMA-16- 1 NMMA-16- 2 NMMA-6- P NMMA-6- 1 NMMA-6- 2 NMMA-4- 1 NMMA-4- 2 NMMA-5- 1 NMMA-5- 2 NMMA-13- 1 NMMA-13- 2 NMMA-15- 1 NMMA-15- 2 NMMA-3- 1 NMMA-3- 2 NMMA-1- 1 NMMA-1- 2 NMMA-2- 1 NMMA-2- 2 NMMA-13- 1 NMMA-13- 2 NMMA-9- 1 NMMA-9- 2 NMMA-8- 1 NMMA-8- 2 NMMA-7- 1 NMMA-7- 2 NMMA-11- 1 NMMA-11- 2 NMMA-11- 3 NMMA-12- 1 NMMA-12- 2 Run

0410-0 1 0411-0 2 0415-0 1 0416-0 1 0402-0 1 0408-0 1 0411-0 1 0403-0 2 0408-0 3 0412-0 2 0414-0 1 0410-0 2 0411-0 3 0415-0 2 0416-0 2 0404-0 2 0408-0 2 0405-0 2 0409-0 1 0412-0 2 0414-0 3 0410-0 2 0411-0 3 0418-0 1 0419-0 1 0403-0 1 0405-0 1 0404-0 1 0407-0 1 0409-0 3 0410-0 3 0412-0 1 0417-0 1 0418-0 2 0

N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A . N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. N.A
. Actua l Ga s Conccntralio n (ppmv ) Inle tInstrumen t 1 5 0. 0 0. 7 2. 7 2. 0 0. 7 -1. 3 3 3 -0. 7 -1. 3 2. 0 2. 0 0. 0 0. 7 2. 7 2. 0 -1. 3 -1. 3 -4. 7 0. 7 2. 0 2. 0 0. 0 0. 7 0. 7 -1. 3 -0. 7 -1. 3 -1. 3 -1. 7 0. 7 0. 0 -1. 3 3. 3 0. 7 30. 4 0. 0 0. 0 2. 3 2 3 1 3 0. 0 4 3 -0. 3 0. 0 1 3 1 3 -0. 7 0. 0 2 3 2. 3 -0. 7 0. 0 -1 3 0 3 1. 3 1 3 -0.7 . 0. 0 1.0 0. 7 -0 3 4. 6 -0. 7 -3. 9 0. 3 -0. 7 -1 3 2. 6 1. 0 45. 5 -0. 7 -0. 4 0.4 0. 2 -1. 5 -0. 4 0. 4 0. 0 -0. 4 0. 2 0. 2 0. 2 -0. 4 0.4 0. 2 0. 0 -0. 4 0. 4 0. 2 0. 2 0. 2 0. 2 -0. 4 0. 0 -0. 4 0. 0 -4. 8 0. 0 0. 7 0. 2 0. 2 -0. 9 0. 2 0. 0 0 N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . N.A . Outle tInstrumen t 297 1 3 -0. 4 -0. 8 -0. 9 -0 3 0. 7 -0. 5 1.8 0. 7 -0. 6 0. 7 2. 0 -0. 4 -0. 8 -0. 9 -0. 3 0. 7 2. 5 -0. 8 -0. 6 0. 7 2. 0 -0. 4 0. 0 -0. 7 1. 8 4. 7 0. 5 3. 0 -0. 8 2. 0 2. 8 -0. 1 -0. 9 60 0 2. 3 1.4 -0. 1 0. 1 -0. 7 2 3 0 3 3. 0 2 3 0 3 1. 9 2. 8 1.4 -0. 1 0. 1 -0. 7 2 3 4. 8 0. 2 0 3 1. 9 2. 8 1. 4 0. 0 0. 8 3. 0 4. 8 2. 6 5. 2 0. 2 2. 8 3. 8 0. 7 0. 0 91 4 0. 0 -2, 1 -3. 4 0. 0 -0 3 0. 0 -0. 1 0. 2 0. 0 -0. 1 -1. 2 -0. 1 -2. 1 -3. 4 0. 0 -0 3 0. 0 2. 8 0. 0 -0. 1 -1. 2 -0. 1 -2. 1 -0. 1 0. 1 0. 2 1. 1 -0. 4 0. 0 0. 0 -0. 1 0. 6 -0. 1 -0. 1 1604

-1. 7

-0. 1 -1. 7

4- 3 Rev. l



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/VMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### respons e t o propane . Th e respons e factors , determine dfo r th e outle t

TH C analyze r only , ar e liste din Tabl e 4-4
. Th e variatio n i n instrumen t respons e factor s serve s a s ameasur e o f th e da y t o da y precisio n o f th e measurement s a s wel l a s acorrelatio n t o styren e concentrations
. Th e averag e relativ e respons e facto r determine da s th e averag e o f th e dail y averag e relativ e respons e factor s for seve n day s o

f measurements , includin g value s determine dfor al l styren e calibratio n standard s brough t o n site , i s 2.40 , wit hastandar ddeviatio n o f 0.05 3 (±2. 2 percent)
. Th e issu e o f dail y variatio n i n respons e factor s wa s no t addresse d in th e QAP Pan dn o criterio n fo r dat aacceptanc e ha s bee n suggested
. Th e standar ddeviatio n o

f th e respons e factor s i s withi n th e precisio n requiremen t for th e TH C calibratio n an ddrif t criteria
. 

### Tabl e 4- 4 Specifi c Compoun dRelativ e Respons e Factor s fo r th e Tota l Hydrocarbo n Analyzer 3



### Dat e 1-Apr 3-Ap r 7-Ap r 9-Ap r 9-Ap r 12-Ap r 12-Ap r 15-Ap r 16-Ap r 19-Ap r 19-Ap r Averag e Styren e Concentratio n (ppmv ) 20 4 20 4 12 2 20 4 20 4 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 122 TH C

Respons e (ppmv ) 487. 7 506. 8 300. 1 490. 3 468. 5 148. 4 138. 5 137. 6 141. 5 304. 3 Relativ e Respons e Factor 2.3 9 2.4 8 2.4 6 2.40 23 0 2.5 1 2.3 4 2.3 2 2.3 9 2.4 9 2.40 MM

A Concentratio n (ppmv ) 45. 6

139. 6 TH C

Respons e (ppmv ) 62. 7

166. 8 Relativ e Respons e Facto r 1.3 8

1.1 9 1.28 ^Relativ e respons e facto r

i s th e TH C instrumen t

measuremen t

divide db y th e calibratio n ga s •.oiuentration , e.g. , pp mpropane/pp mstyrene .

4-5 Rev. l



# 6 5 JP.6 7

/VMMA 4^aaWaWjtW Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 4.1. 2 Organi cCompoun d Concentration s (Metho d 18 )

Metho d1 8 calibration s wer e conducte dever y mornin g befor e startin g ates t

run . Calibration s wer e checke dafte r eac hru n t o ensur e tha t th e instrumen t

remaine di n calibratio nfo r th e tes t series
. A measur e of

calibratio ni s provide db y th e respons e factor s (Figure s 4- 1 an d4-2) , whic har e simpl y th e calibratio nga s concentratio n divide db y th e are acount s fro mth e chromatogra m (i.e. , th e G C response)
. A s th e figure s indicate , ther e wa s mor e variabilit y i n th e respons e factor s earl y i n th e samplin g program . Thi s variabilit y resulte dfro m leakin g o f

th e ga s injectio n valv e durin g thes e earl y runs . O n Apri l 12 , th e valv e wa s replaced , an dth e respons e facto r variatio nwa s reduce d(afte r Analysi s No
. 714)
. 

### Figur e 4- 1

Metho d1 8 Respons e Factor s fo r Styren e

0.0000 8 0.0000 7

, _0.0000 6 o
" g 0.0000 5 S 0.0000 4 § • 0.0000 3
e0.0000 2 0.0000 1 0 Respons e Factor s fo rStyren e - Metho d 1 8

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Metho d1 8 dat afo r

thi s progra mhav e bee nuse dprimaril y t o determin e th e relativ e quantitie s o f styren e an dMM A emitte ddurin g
4- 6 Rev
. 1 / / iyric:P.6 8

/VMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testm g 

### gelcoating
. Th e Metho d1 8 result s ar e als o usefu l for compariso n wit hth e result s o f Metho d25 A testing
. Th e relativ e concentration s o f thes e tw o compound s i n th e TT Eexhaus t i s important
. A n assessmen t o f th e rati o o

f th e averag e respons e factor s fo r

styren e an dMMA befor e an dafter Apri l 1 2 (Analysi s No
. 712 ) show s tha t th e leakin g valv e ha dlittl e o r n o effect o n th e determinatio n o

f th e relativ e concentration s o

f thes e tw o compound s (Tabl e 4-5 ) o n average .

Figur e 4- 2 Metho d 1 8 Respons e Factor s fo rMethy l Methacrylat e

0.0001 6 0.0001 4 0.0001 2 2 0.000 1 £0.0000 8 e o a " 0.0000 6 Respons e Factor s fo r MM A - Metho d1 8

Analysi s Numbe r



### Tabl e 4- 5 Metho d 1 8 Respons e Factor s fo rTarge tCompound s Stvren e MMA StvrenerMM A JBtforeMrpiii12 ' JJ 2.78E-0 5 5.87E-0 5 0.47 3 ; = V:
. Aft « Apri l 12 ; 1.17E-05 2.27E-0 5 0.51 6

4- 7 Rev. l



# 6 7P.6 9

NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g



### Dail y respons e facto r

ratio s wer e als o assesse d(Figur e 4-3)
. Onl y thos e day s whe n styren e an dMMA result s wer e needed , an dth e fina l chec k conducte do n Apri l 19 , ar e presente di n th e assessment . Th e figur e illustrate s th e variabilit} ' see n i n th e individua l measurements , althoug hth e degre e o f variabilit} * i s lessene dthroug hth e averages . Th e rati o o f th e respons e factor s (importan t

i n apportionin g emission s t o styren e an dMMA for gelcoatin g tes t runs ) wa s relativel y constan t for al l gelcoa t

tes t day s excep t

Apri l 3 an dApri l 8
. Th e result s for

Apri l 3 appea r

t o b e consisten t

wit hothe r

days ; s o th e differenc e i n respons e facto r

rati o di dno t

appea r t o affect result s fo

r tha t test . Th e result s fro mApri l 8 , however , indicat e muc hlowe r concentration s o

f MMA tha n note d for al l othe r gelcoa t tes t runs . Styren e result s for tha t tes t ru n wer e consisten t wit hothe r

measurement s an dMetho d25 A result s wer e typical
. Th e abnormall y lo w readin g for

MM A i s attribute dt o poo r

respons e for

tha t calibration
. 

### Figur e 4- 3 Metho d1 8 Respons e Factor s fo r Selecte dTes t

Day s
S.OE-0 5

1.0E-C 3 O.OE+0 0 0. 7 0. 6
0. 5 0. 4 OL

V J 0. 2 0. 1 0. 0 2-Ap r3-Ap r4-Ap r5-Ap r8-Ap r!)-Apr11-Ap r19-Ap r Stvren e 'MMA ' •Stvrene:MM A

4- 8 Rev. l



## &><£P.7 0

/VMMA Jrr*aW-&ZaW

Baselin e Emissio n Testin g Th e relativ e concentration s of styren e an dMM A wer e determine d usin g th e followin g approach
. Are acount s base do nchromatographi c analyse s wer e determine dfo r

eac hcompoun da t

varyin g level s o f

ga s concentrations
. A n averag e respons e facto r wa s the ndetermine dfo r variou s ga s standards
. A poin t t o poin t calibratio n curv e wa s generate dplottin g are acoun t agains t ga s concentratio n assumin g alinea r functio nfro mpoin t

t o point
. Thes e calibratio n curve s (Appendi x C ) wer e the nuse dt o determin e th e relativ e concentration s o f styren e an dMM A i n eac hsampl e analyzed
.

Tabl e 4- 6 list s th e Q C measurement s an dthei r results
. Thes e measurement s pertai n onl y t o styren e calibrations , becaus e al l gelcoatin g run s (i.e. , th e onl y run s involvin g MMA ) ha dbee ncomplete db y th e tim e of equipmen t

repai r (Apri l 12)
. Al l th e pretes t measurement s o f

precisio nme t

th e criteri adefine dfo r

thi s progra m(withi n1 0 percen t o f mea nvalue)
. Drif

t exceede dth e acceptanc e criteri ao f les s tha n5 percen t

o f pretes t value s o nfou r days ; al l thes e event s occurre da t th e 59. 2 ppm v styren e level
. Dat acomparison s mad e betwee n G C an dTH C concentratio nmeasurement s sho w ahighe r leve l o f styren e measure db y th e G C tha nb y th e TH C analyzer , largel y becaus e th e TH C result s ar e averag e result s an dth e G C report s th e concentratio nof agra b sample , generall y selecte db y th e G C operato r t o analyz e tempora l peak s i n concentration
. Becaus e th e reporte demission s wer e calculate dfro mth e Metho d25 A results , drif t i n Metho d1 8 measurement s ha s n o effec t o nth e reporte demissions
.

4- 9 Rev
. lP.7 1

WMMA ^SSrJSBSpjtSorjBSSF mr\rV,tiFr%XkWa40tr Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### Tabl e 4- 6 Ga s Chromatograph y Calibration s (afte r Apri l 12 )

Dat e 12-Ap r 12-Ap r

12-Ap r
14-Ap r

14-Ap r 14-Ap r

15-Ap r Anaivsi s

No
. 71 3 71 4 72 9 73 0 73 1 73 2 73 3 73 4 73 5 73 6 73 7 73 8 75 9 76 0 76 1 76 2 76 8 76 9 47 0 47 1 47 2 47 3 47 4 47 5 47 6 47 7 47 8 79 6 79 7 79 8 81 8 81 9 82 0 82 1 82 3 82 4 82 6 82 7 83 0 83 1 83 2 83 3 83 4 83 5 85 4 85 5 87 5 87 6 87 7 87 8 Conc n

(ppmv ) 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 12 2 12 2 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 59. 2 59. 2 12 2 12 2 0 0 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 20 4 204 20 4 20 4 20 4 204 20 4 20 4 59. 2 59. 2 0 0 0 0 59. 2 59. 2 12 2 12 2 204 204 20 4 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 20 4 Are aCoun t

597159 7 600933 1 595890 9 629142 4 642988 2 1097760 8 1153700 0 1609760 8 1442120 8 2126448 0 1924732 8 1902699 2 552581 8 579449 0 1188180 3 1085009 6 35295 3 20300 9 475566 4 416749 8 438453 8 980355 8 854783 4 890579 8 1682329 6 1688307 2 1703040 0 1718251 2 1632754 4 1625803 2 1742968 0 1699136 0 502190 1 504105 3 0 0 17639 5 21370 3 417924 8 503097 9 961506 6 971297 5 1719203 2 1632916 0 1724443 2 492356 0 492801 3 405397 8 473938 6 1733004 8 R

F 9.9 1 E-0 6 9.85E-0 6 9.93E-0 6 9.4 1 E-0 6 9.21E-0 6 1.1 1 E-0 5 1.06E-0 5 1.27E-0 5 1.41E-0 5 9.59E-0 6 1.06E-0 5 1.07E-0 5 1.07E-0 5 1.02E-0 5 1.03E-0 5 1.12E-0 5
1.2 4 E-0 5 1.42E-0 5 1.35E-0 5 1.2 4 E-0 5 1.43E-0 5 1.37E-0 5 1.2 1 E-0 5 1.2 1 E-0 5 1.20E-0 5 1.19E-0 5 1.25E-0 5 1.25E-0 5 1.17E-0 5 1.20E-0 5 1.18E-0 5 1.17E-0 5
O.OOE+0 0 0.00E+0 0 1.42E-0 5 1.18E-0 5 1.27E-0 5 1.26E-0 5 1.19E-0 5 1.25E-0 5 1.18E-0 5 1.20E-0 5 1.20E-0 5 1.46E-0 5 1.25E-0 5 1.18E-0 5 Precisio n

(%Mean )
-0.3 1
-1.0 9 -2.4 8

0.5 8 -2.3 7 4.5 4

-2.5 4
-2.0 5
-0.4 3

-9.2 5 -0.5 1 2.5 7 Drif

t

3.1 8 -0.5 9 -15.0 7

-2.8 7 -7.2 7 0.5 4 -3.3 5 Commen t

Pr e 5- 2 Pr e 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 5- 2 Pos t 2- 1 Pos t 2- 1 Pos t 2- 1 Pos t 2- 1 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pr e 5- 2 pos t 5- 2 pos t 5- 2 pos t 5- 2 pos t 2- 2 pos t 2- 2 pos t 2-2 pos t 2- 2

pr e 16- 1 pr e 16- 1 pr e 16- 1 pr e 16- 1 pr e 16- 1 pr e 16- 1 pr e 16- 1 pr e 16- 1 pos t 16- 1 pos t 16- 1 pos t 15- 1 pos t 15- 1 pos t 15- 1 pos t 15- 1

4-1 0 Rev. l 

## *7GP.7 2



### /VMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g



### Tabl e 4- 6 (continued )
Dat e 16-Ap r

16-Ap r

16-Ap r

17-Ap r

I7-Ap r

18-Ap r

18-Ap r 19-Ap r
19-Ap r

19-Ap r 19-Ap r Anaivsi s

No . 87 9 88 0 88 1 88 2 88 3 88 4 88 5 886 90 5 90 6 91 0 91 1 91 2 93 4 93 5 93 6 93 7 93 8 93 9 94 0 94 1 94 2 94 3 94 4 94 5 96 0 96 1 96 2 96 3 96 4 97 8 97 9 98 0 98 2 98 3 98 4 101 8 102 0 102 1 103 5 103 6 103 7 103 8 107 0 107 1 107 2 107 3 1074 107 5 107 6 1077.- 107 8 107 9 Conc n

(ppmv ) 0 0 59. 2 59. 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 59. 2 59. 2 0 12 2 12 2 0 12 2 12 2 59. 2 59. 2 0 0 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 12 2 12 2 20 4 20 4 12 2 59. 2 59. 2 0 0 59. 2 59. 2 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 12 2 12 2 12 2 59. 2 59. 2 59. 2 Are aCoun t

0 0 491513 9 486368 0 1077644 0 917100 8 1034132 0 1057220 6 495681 6 486368 0 66 0 1102772 8 1036711 2 0 1050545 6 1007609 6 498531 5 517890 6 0 204 4 432415 7 453517 6 476818 9 1059743 2 977260 8 1771203 2 1826923 2 1023152 0 549924 0 589478 4 191 5 308 9 503543 4 51S165 1 1934534 4 1879702 4 1811094 4 1900780 8 568764 2 490835 5 473686 1 1888342 4 1903390 4 1832753 6 1846739 2 1104608 0 1086404 0 1102551 2 59S574 7 570028 5 578096 3 617886 7 617625 3 R

F

1.20E-0 5 1.22E-0 5 1.13E-0 5 1.33E-0 5 1.18E-0 5 1.15E-0 5 1.19E-0 5 1.22E-0 5 0.00E+0 0 1.11E-0 5 1.18E-0 5 1.16E-0 5 1.2 1 E-0 5 1.19E-0 5 1.14E-0 5 .
1.37E-0 5 1.3 1 E-0 5 1.24E-0 5 1.15E-0 5 1.25E-0 5 1.15E-0 5 1.12E-0 5 1.19E-0 5 1.08E-0 5 1.OOE-0 5
1.18E-0 5 1.14E-0 5 1.05E-0 5 1.09E-0 5 1.13E-0 5 1.07E-0 5 1.04E-0 5 1.2 1 E-05 1.25E-0 5 1.08E-0 5 1.07F.-05 1.1 1 E-0 5 1.10E-0 5 1.10E-0 5 1.12F.-05 1.1 1 E-05 9.89E-0 6 1.04E-0 5 1.02E-0 5 Precisio n

(%Mean )

0.5 3

-1.1 0

-2.5 0 4.0 5 -1.5 5

-1.4 3 1.44

1.7 8 -0.4 0

0.0 0 0.0 1 Drif

t

-0.4 2
-2.1 7
1.6 4 -3.7 6

-0.6 2 -18.3 0

2.8 0 -10.2 0

3.0 5
3.2 8 -17.4 4 Commen t

pr e 16- 2 pr e 16- 2 pr e 16- 2 pr e 16- 2 pr e 16- 2 pr e 16- 2 pr e 16- 2 pre 16- 2 pos t16- 2 pos t16- 2 pos t16- 2 pos t16- 2 pos t16- 2 pos t15- 2 pos t15- 2 pos t15- 2 pos t15- 2 pos t15- 2 pre 12- 1 pre 12- 1 pr e 12- 1 pr e 12- 1 pr e 12- 1 pr e 12- 1 pr e 12- 1 pos t12- 2 pos t12- 2 pos t12- 2 pos t12- 2 pos t12- 2 pre9-l c pre 9- 1 c pr e 9- 1 c pr e 9- 1 c pr e 9- 1 c pre9-l c pos t9- 1 pos t9- 1 pos t9- 1 pr e 9- 2 pr e 9- 2 pr e 9- 2 pr e 9- 2 pos t9- 2 pos t9- 2 pos t9- 2 pos t9-2 . pos t9- 2 pos t9- 2 pos t9- 2 Bia s les l MM A Bay , 7 MM A B a( i7
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# 7 /P.7 3

/VMMA Baselin e EmissionTesting
4.1. 3 Compariso n o f Method s i nDetenninin g Emission s Ther e i s relativel y goo dagreemen t betwee nth e result s o f th e tw o methods , wit hmos t

of th e measurement s withi n6- 8 percent . Th e run s tha t ha d mor e divergen t

result s wer e typicall y thos e involvin g smalle r molds
. Tabl e 4- 7 present s acompariso n o f th e result s i nterm s o f percen t o f availabl e volatil e material , whic hfo r

mos t of th e testin g wa s styren e only
. 

### Tabl e 4- 7 Compariso n of

Emissio n Result s b y Tw o Method s

Dat e 2-Ap r 4-Ap r 7-Ap r 8-Ap r 8-Ap r 8-Ap r 9-Ap r 9-Ap r 9-Ap r 10-Ap r 10-Ap r 10-Ap r 11-Ap r 11-Ap r 11-Ap r 12-Ap r 12-Ap r 12-Ap r 14-Ap r 14-Ap r 15-Ap r 15-Ap r 16-Ap r 16-Ap r 17-Ap r 18-Ap r 19-Ap r 18-Ap r Tes t

NMMA-6- P NMMA-7- 1 NMMA-7- 2 NMMA-6- 1 NMMA-3- 2 NMMA-4- 2 NMMA-1- 2 NMMA-ll-l G NMMA-11-1 R NMMA-14- 1 NMMA-13- 1 NMMA-11-2 R NMMA-6- 2 NMMA-14- 2 NMMA-13- 2 NMMA-11-3 R NMMA-5- 1 NMMA-2- 1 NMMA-5- 2 NMMA-2- 2 NMMA-16- 1 NMMA-15- 1 NMMA-16- 2 NMMA-15- 2 NMMA-12- 1 NMMA-9- 1 NMMA-9- 2 NMMA-12- 2 Descriptio n

1 8 Dec k Ge l 2 8 Hul l 3 5 R 2 8 Hul l 3 5 R 1 8 Dec k Ge l 1 8 Hul l Ge l If
. Dec k 3 5 R 18Hull35 R CF A Ge l CF A 35 R 1 8 Dec k 35 R- F C 18Hull35R-F C CF A 35 R 1 8 Dec k Ge l 18Deck35 R- F C 18Hull35R-F C CF A 35 R 18Deck42 R 18Hull42 R 18Deck42 R 18Hull42 R 1 8 Dec k 42R-F C 18Hull42R-F C 18Deck42R-F C 18Hull42R-F C CF A 42 R 28Hull42 R 28Hull42 R CFA42 R Emission s ( % Available ) - Metho d 25 A 47.0 % 15.7 % 18.8 % 42.3 %
• 54.2 % 16.1 % 13.9 % 43.4 % 29.8 % 11.1 % 10.5 % 28.8 % 45.2 % 12.1 % 10.5 % 52.0 % 20.4 % 22.3 % 20.8 % 18.2 % 12.2 % 11.6 % 14.0 % 10.6 % 54.6 % 22.8 % 23.0 % 39.2 % Emission s (%

Available ) - Metho d 1 8 54.1 % 18.2 % 18.4 % 43.1 % 53.5 % 16.1 % 13.2 % 39.0 % 37. 1 % 10.4 % 11.0 % 26.8 % 46.4 % 11.1 % 10.9 % 44.8 % 14.1 % 24. 1 % 22.4 % 14.2 % 12.0 % 11.7 % 14.4 % 10.8 % 44.8 % 25.5 % 23.5 % 38.2 %
4-1 2 Rev
. 1 

# 7 2.P.7 4



### WMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g



### Certainly , th e concentratio n measurement s mad e usin g bot h approache s yielde dconsisten t results
. Th e TH C concentratio n trac e for Ru n NMMA-7- 1 an dan equivalen t TH C concentratio n trac e generate dusin g measure dstyren e an dMM A concentration s an dth e respons e factor s develope d durin g thi s progra m(2.4 0 fo r styren e an d1.3 9 fo r

MMA) , althoug hno t

identical , sho w fair agreemen t

for th e differen t

FID s (Figur e 4-4)
. 

### Figur e 4- 4 Compariso n of

Tota l Hydrocarbo n Trace s b y Tw o Method s

\ ; i

**t \ a cfinn ' o 1 i

- » ->nf i • T- A
c4 n n ' r ?Jr— ! f^ftB a 

# I ! \kXJM

" " L. 1 1 1 > Y__H k V 1 5 I V : 1 / \ 1 u ! 1 hw

W 1 ^ ""o o ; 1 2 if

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• i 1 1 1 ' ! 

# i i 

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### 1 1 1

8:3 8 9:5 0 11:0 2 12:1 4 13:2 6 14:3 8 15:5 0 Tim e (PST ) ! — • —M25 A —B—M18E q |



### 4-1 3 Rev
. 1



# 7. 3P.7 5

NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 4. 2 Gelcoa t

an dResi n Flo w Rat e Spra y gu nresi n an dgelcoa t flo w rate s wer e determine da t th e star t an den dof

eac htes t

da y (Tabl e 4-8)
. A singl e assessmen t wa s mad e durin g eac h flo w rat e check
. Resin-to-glas s ratio s wer e assesse ddurin g th e initia l resi n calibration s (Tabl e 4-8)
. Catalyst-to-resin/gelcoa t ratio s wer e se t

accordin g t o th e catalys t pum p strok e rate . Thes e ratio s remaine dconstan t durin g testing
. 

### Tabl e 4- 8 Spra y Equipmen t

Dat a Equipmen t 

### Spra y gun / Resi n

Flo w Choppe r Spra y gun / Gelcoa t Dat e

3-Ap r 4-Ap r 5-Ap r 7-Ap r 8-Ap r 9-Ap r 10-Ap r 12-Ap r 14-Ap r 17-Ap r 18-Ap r 19-Ap r 10-Ap r 11-Ap r 15-Ap r 16-Ap r 3-Ap r 4-Ap r 5-Ap r 8-Ap r 9-Ap r 11-Ap r Flo w Rat e (g/min ) Pr e tes t
288 8 282 8 279 2 283 6 295 6 289 2 319 2 310 0 294 4 303 6 295 6 255 6 316 4 308 4 126 4 125 6 126 4 126 0 127 2 125 6 Pos t

tes t
291 6 309 2 289 6 277 6 278 4 310 0 309 6 299 2 290 4 278 4 266 8 338 8 307 2 125 6 126 0 126 4 126 8 127 6 126 0 Percen t Chang e
1. 0 9. 3 3. 7 -2. 1 -5. 8 7. 2 -3. 0 1. 6 -4. 3 -5. 8 4. 4 7. 1 -0. 4 -0. 6 0. 3 0. 0 0. 6 0. 3 0. 3 Resi n

(S ) 32 7 32 4 14 8 27 7 30 1 24 2 22 2 21 8 37 8 31 7 30 0 25 6 22 2 29 7 40 6 31 7 Glas s

(ft ) 18 0 12 8 77 14 9 17 6 12 7 11 4 11 7 20 1 15 2 16 0 14 8 11. 4 15 8 19 2 16 2 Percen t Glas s 35. 5 28. 3 34. 2 35. 0 36. 9 34. 4 33. 9 34. 9 34. 7 32. 4 34. 8 36. 6 33. 9 34. 7 32. 1 33. 8

4-1 4 Rev
. 1



# 7vP.7 6

/VMMA JaW&A~GFBaseline Emissio n Testin g 4. 3 Ai r

Velocit y ove r

Mol dSurfac e
Ai r flo w ove r

th e mol dsurfac e wa s assesse dtwic e durin g th e tes t program . Thes e measurement s reflec t abes t assessmen t

approac han dn o presumptio no f

accurac y ha s bee nmade
. I nadditio nt o bein g difficul t t o asses s accurately , ai r

flo w ove r

th e mol d(i.e. , velocity ) wa s dependen t o nmol d positio ni n th e TTE , afacto r tha t change dever y tim e atoo l wa s brough t int o th e enclosur e o r

move dwithi n th e enclosur e i nth e proces s o f laminatio no r gelcoating
. Th e velocitie s measure da t th e mol dsurfac e wer e consisten t wit h measurement s mad e ove r mol dsurface s i nth e manufacturin g area , takin g int o accoun t tha t th e TT Ewa s designe dfo r induce ddraf t

flow
. Greate r

emphasi s wa s place do n controllin g ai r flo w throug hth e enclosur e t o reflec t condition s foun d i n th e facilit y tha n o n attemptin g t o duplicat e th e velocitie s measure ddurin g previou s studie s usin g part s no t typica l of

boa t building
. Measurement s mad e durin g atechnica l syste maudi t performe db y MR I an dth e EP A wer e consisten t wit hth e measurement s mad e durin g thi s program . Thei r

finding s ar e reporte di nMRI' s Technical Systems Audit

ofa Laboratory Spray Booth at the U.S. Marine Facility in Arlington, Washington (Ma y 29 , 1997)
. 4. 4 Exhaus t

Flo w Rat e
Ai r flo w rat e throug hth e enclosur e wa s measure dan dmonitore d a s describe di n Sectio n 3.2.2
. Accurac y of th e velocit y measuremen t ca nb e assesse db y observin g th e variabilit y o f th e velocit y hea dmeasurement s (whic h wer e accurat e t o withi n 0.00 5 inche s o f water ) durin g th e test . Thi s yield s a n assessmen t

i n term s of

percen t whic hca nb e compare dwit hth e acceptabl e criteri aof

th e method
. Variabilit y measurement s fo r al l tes t run s ar e show nwit h
4-1 5 Rev. l



# JJP.7 7

/VMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### th e tes t average s (Tabl e 4-9)
. Th e overal l averag e variabilit y i n flo w rat e for th e progra mwa s 2. 9 percent , an dn o measur e for a n entir e da y wa s greate r tha n 6. 9 percent . Th e tw o instance s o f greates t variabilit y wer e affecte db y th e tw o measurement s o n Apri l 4 , earl y i n th e program , whe n TT Eexhaus t filter s ha d bee n allowe dt o becom e partiall y blocke dan dwer e firs t bein g change ddurin g th e tes t runs . 

### Tabl e 4- 9 Variabilit y Measure s fo r Flo w Rat e Durin g Tes t Run s
Dat e 2-Ap r 3-Ap r 4-Ap r 5-Ap r 7-Ap r 8-Ap r 9-Ap r 10-Ap r 11-Ap r 12-Ap r 14-Ap r 15-Ap r 16-Ap r 17-Ap r 18-Ap r 19-Ap r Averag e Flo w Rate Variabait y (% ) Run l 1. 0 2. 5 4. 9 2. 2 2. 5 1.4 3. 2 2.3 2. 9 4. 3 3. 2 3. 3 2. 1 2. 5 2. 7 2. 3 Ru n 2 | Ru n 3

3. 2 8. 9 .1. 2 3. 3 3. 5 2. 8 4. 5 4. 2 2. 4 3. 5 1. 7 2. 4 1.8

0. 9 3. 0 3. 7 3. 7 Averag e

1.0 2. 9 6. 9 1.7 2. 5 2. 2 2. 6 2. 7 3. 7 4. 1 2. 8 3. 4 1.9 2. 5 2. 5 2. 3 2. 9 

### Flo w rate s durin g th e tes t progra mwer e observe d(base do n th e continuous , fixe dpoin t

velocity hea dmeasurements ) t o var y base do n filter collectio n an dothe r

operations
. Th e exhaus t plen ao n bot hlongitudina l side s o f th e enclosur e wer e equippe dwit hfilte r medi a(spu n fiberglas s ai r filters)
. Flo w rat e decrease dwit htim e a s thes e filter s collecte dair-born e resi n containin g reactiv e styren e an dMMA , whic hpolymerize do n th e filter media
. Periodically , thes e filter s wer e replace dt o ensur e mor e consisten t flo w rate s throug hth e
4-1 6 Rev. l 

## 7 bP.7 8

NMMA rx iraWa&J&a&PBaselin e Emissio n Testin g enclosur e fo r

al l tes t runs . Th e build-u p o f

materia l o nth e filter s wa s on e caus e o f th e variabilit y i n flo w rat e measure ddurin g th e overal l program . T o som e smalle r extent , thi s affecte dflo w rat e ove r th e cours e o f

th e tes t run , mor e s o fo r th e large r

article s whic hrequire dmor e resin
. A secon dcaus e of th e fluctuatio n i n flo w rat e wa s activit y i n th e buildin g wher e th e enclosur e wa s located
. Temperatur e wa s affecte db y th e openin g an dclosin g o f door s int o th e building
. Change s i n th e syste moperate db y RT I als o ha dsom e effec t o nth e measuremen t o f flo w becaus e bot hsystem s wer e connecte dt o th e sam e exhaus t syste ma t

th e U.S
. Marin e facility
. Change s mad e t o accommodat e thei r operatio nha dsom e effec t o n exhaus t

syste mpressure , thu s affectin g flo w rat e throug hth e large r enclosure
. 4. 5 Exhaus tAi rTemperatur e

A s describe di n Sectio n3.2.3 , enclosur e ai r temperatur e wa s monitore dcontinuousl y usin g atype K thermocoupl e a t

th e locatio no f

th e fixe d pito t an dth e DAS , calibrate da t tw o points
. Th e accurac y o f thi s measuremen t wa s 0.005° F(o r

0.000 1 mV)
. Measurement s o f precisio nwer e no t

mad e durin g th e tes t program ; however , literatur e suggest s th e precisio no f type K thermocouples , assesse di n alaborator y environment , wil l yiel daprecisio no f 0.5°F , o r withi n 1 percen t

o f th e measure dvalues
. 4. 6 Resin/Gelcoa tBalanc e

Balanc e calibratio ncheck s wer e ofte nperforme dwit hbarrel s of resi n stil l o n th e platfor man dalway s performe dwithou t zeroin g th e balance
. Therefore , th e calibratio n erro r wa s calculate di nterm s o f percen t of weigh t chang e rathe r

tha n th e displaye dweigh t valu e (Tabl e 4-10)
. Al l calibratio n result s displa y aleve l o f accuracy , measure da s percen t error , meetin g th e
4-1 7 Rev. l



# 7 ?P.7 9



### NMMA iPMorjM—

xaaaa a MMt tsr.^raSr^sr Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### criteri ao f th e QAP P(withi n 2 lb)
. Base do n th e maximu merro r measur e o

f 0. 2 percen t

an dth e hig hen dof

th e scal e measurement s (i.e. , 500 lb) , th e accurac y wa s withi n approximatel y 1 lb
. 

### Tabl e 4-1 0

Result s of

Balanc e Calibratio n Check s
Dat e 6-Ap r
8-Ap r

10-Ap r 15-Ap r
19-Ap r Tar e Weigh t

(lb ) 0 50 0 30 0 10 0 0 100 200 30 0 40 0 50 0 0 5 0 10 0 200 0 100 20 0 25 0 0 100 20 0 30 0 40 0 500 10 0 Initia l Scal e Readin g (lb )

0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 201. 7 201. 7 201. 7 201. 7 231. 7 231. 7 231. 7 231. 7 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 Scal e Respons e (lb )

0 500. 1 300. 1 100. 1 -1. 9 98. 1 197. 9 297. 8 397. 6 497. 5 201. 7 251. 7 301. 7 401. 7 231. 7 331. 7 431. 9 481. 8 -1.3 3 98. 5 198. 7 298. 7 398. 8 498. 7 98. 9 Chang e i n Weigh t (lb ) 0. 0 500. 1 300. 1 100. 1 0. 0 100. 0 199. 8 299. 7 399. 5 499. 4 0. 0 50. 0 100. 0 200. 0 0. 0 100. 0 200. 2 250. 1 0. 0 99. 8 200. 0 300. 0 400. 1 500. 0 100. 2 Erro r

( % Tare ) N A 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.1 0 N A 0.0 0 -0.1 0 -0.1 0 -0.1 2 -0.1 2 N A 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 N A 0.0 0 0.1 0 0.0 4 N A -0.1 7 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.2 3 4. 7 

### Technica l System s Audi t

Th e performanc e o

f th e samplin g syste mwa s assesse dthroug ha n audi t an dstyren e recovery tests . Audit s o f th e TH C sampling , balance , an dflo w measuremen t

system s wer e performed
. Th e syste maudi t wa s conducte dby
4-1 8 Rev. l



# ? 7 l '.alP.8 0



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### EPA/OAQP S an dit s contracto r MRI
. Th e EPA/OAQP S audi t wil l repor t

o n thi s project , bu t

th e final repor t

ha s no t been released
. Also , styren e recovery test s (styren e evaporatio n tests ) wer e performe di n accordanc e wit hth e QAPP
. 4.7. 1 Tota l Hydrocarbo n Measuremen t

Th e result s o

f th e Metho d25 A syste maudi t ar e presente di n Tabl e 4-11
. Th e audi t

ga s wa s introduce di n tw o manner s durin g th e performanc e o

f th e audit
. On e metho dinvolve dfillin g aTedlar ® ba g wit hth e audi t ga s an dattachin g i t

t o th e samplin g probe
. I n th e secon dmethod/th e audi t cylinde r wa s connecte dt o th e calibratio n syste man dth e ga s wa s introduce dt o th e samplin g syste mi n th e sam e manne r a s al l on-sit e calibration s wer e performed ; th e propan e audi t wa s performe donl y wit hthi s latte r method
. Bot

h method s yiel dresult s representativ e o f th e syste mperformance
. Tabl e 4-1 1 Audi tResult s fo rMetho d 25 A Measurement s
Dat e 15-Ap r 16-Ap r Analyze r Measuremen t (ppm v OJHS )



### 84. 3 85. 3 1000 Resul t (ppm v a s styrene ) 36. 8 36. 8 Ga s Standar d (ppmv ) 39.7 * 39. 7 99 9 Compoun d Stvren e Styren e Propan e Resul t

(% ) 

### -7. 3 -7. 3 +0. 1 Note s b, c b, d d a . Ga s standar dreporte dat 41. 7 ppmv ; o n sit e analysi s b y G C reporte d39. 7 ppmv . b. Respons e facto r

l o styren e i s 2.28 9 o n 4/1 5 an d2.31 8 o n 4/16
. c . Tes t performe dwithaudi t

ga s i n Tedlar ® bag
. d
. Tes t performe dwit haudi t

ga s t n vente dcylinder
. 

### Conversio n o

f TH C concentratio n t o equivalen t concentration s o

f styren e wa s don e usin g dail y relativ e respons e factor s determine dfromth e TH C analyze r (Metho d25A ) o n th e da y o f th e audit
. Usin g th e pre-tes t analysi s b y Scot t Specialty Gase s (41. 7 ppm v styrene) , th e analysi s b y TH C analyze r wa s
4-1 9 Rev. l



# 7 a 

# ,P.8 1

NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g abou t 1 2 percen t

low
. However , on-sit e analysi s o f th e standar db y G C indicate d tha t th e concentratio n i n th e audi t sampl e wa s onl y 39. 7 ppmv . Althoug hthi s assessmen t

doe s no t

mee t th e requirement s o f

aprotoco l ga s certification , th e result s indicat e tha t

th e certifie dvalu e o f

th e audi t

cylinde r ma y b e slightl y low
. Comparin g t o concentratio n fro mthi s reanalysi s o f th e standar dshow s tha t th e TH C analysi s wa s onl y 7. 3 percen t low , withi nth e criterio nestablishe dfo r th e program . Thi s lo w recover y doe s no t appea r t o b e asyste mmalfunction
. Th e goo dresult s o f

th e propan e audi t

indicat e th e lo w result s o f th e styren e audi t sampl e ar e no t

aresul t of samplin g syste mbia s (leaks)
. Further , procedure s i n determinin g respons e factor s include dintroductio nof th e ga s a t

th e probe , thu s incorporatin g an y syste mcharacteristic s int o th e results
. Th e result s o f th e styren e audi t

indicat e th e samplin g system , a s use di nth e performanc e o f th e audit , result s i n a n unde r reportin g o f

styren e concentration s b y les s tha n 1 0 percen t

a t a40-ppm v concentration , o r abou t 3 ppm v styrene . 4.7. 2 Weig hCel l Balanc e

Th e result s o f

th e weig hcel l balanc e audi t performe do nApri l 1 6 indicat e tha t

greate r tha n 5 percen t

erro r result s whe nweighin g les s tha n300 0 g , o r approximatel y 6. 6 lb , o n a n empt y scal e (Tabl e 4-12)
. However , testin g wa s conducte dwit hadru mo f resi no r gelcoa t o r resi ni nplace , meanin g tha t th e scal e wa s use ddurin g th e tes t progra mi nit s norma l operatin g range . Th e result s of th e audi t

an dth e calibratio ncheck s (Tabl e 4-10 ) demonstrat e tha t eve n smal l weigh t

change s ca n b e measure daccuratel y throug hth e weigh t rang e experience ddurin g thi s tes t program . Althoug hth e audi t wa s conducte dwit h a nempt y balance , th e calibratio ncheck s wer e conducte dwit hbot hempt y an d loade dscal e (i.e. , wit hadru mo f resi ni nplace)
. Dat acollecte dfro mth e calibratio nchec k

usin g certifie dweight s o nApri l 8 indicat e tha t ales s tha n1 l b chang e i nweigh t

a t a n elevate dbalanc e respons e (51 2 lb ) wa s accuratel y

—

_— — <*->.. . 

# d uP.8 2

NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 

### quantified
. Thes e dat aindicat e th e balanc e wa s capabl e o f accuratel y measurin g 500- g (1.1-lb ) change s i n weigh t i n th e rang e o

f operation , wel l withi n specification s o

f th e QAP P(i.e. , 2 lb)
. Tw o dat apoint s fro mth e audi t can b e use dt o asses s th e precisio n o f th e weigh t

measurements . Th e replicat e weighin g performe da t

5 7 an d15 7 l b indicat e aprecisio n of greate r tha n 0. 2 lb , als o withi n QAP Pspecifications
. 

### Tabl e 4-1 2

Result s o f

Audi t o n Balanc e

Dat e 8-Apr d

16-Apr b Audi t

Weigh t(g ) 300 0 500 0 600 0 650 0 Audi t Weigh t(lb ) 

### : o 0.00 2 0.0 1 0.0 4 0. 1 0. 4 2. 6 7 5 7 15 7 45 7 35 7 15 7 5 7 7 2. 6 Scal e Respons e (lb ) 504. 3 508. 7 510. 9 51 2 Scal e Respons e (lb ) -1.9 2 -1.9 4 -1.9 6 -1.9 9 -1.8 6 -1.6 5 0.5 5 5.0 6 54. 9 154.7 4 454. 9 35 5 154. 9 5 5 5 0. 5 Scal e Initia l

(lb ) 497. 6 497. 6 497. 6 497. 6 Scal e Initia l (lb ) -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 -1.9 2 Ne tScal e Respons e (lb ) 6. 7 11. 1 13. 3 14. 4 Ne tScal e Respons e (lb ) 0 -0.0 2 -0.0 4 -0.0 7 0.0 6 0.2 7 2.4 7 6.9 8 56.8 2 156.6 6 456.8 2 356.9 2 156.8 2 56.9 2 6.9 2 2.4 2 Differenc e (lb ) 0.08 6 0.07 7 0.07 2 0.07 0 Differenc e (lb ) 0.0 0 -0.02 2 -0.05 3 -0.10 5 -0.08 6 -0.09 6 -0.10 1 0.00 0 -0.18 0 -0.34 0 -0.18 0 -0.08 0 -0.18 0 -0.08 0 -0.06 0 -0.1 5 % Erro r

1.3 0 0.7 0 0.5 5 0.4 9

% Erro r N A -1007.1 8 -402.3 9 -298.4 5 -58.7 6 -26.2 2 -3.9 1 0.0 0 -0.3 2 -0.2 2 -0.0 4 -0.0 2 -0.1 1 -0.1 4 -0.8 6 -5.8 6 "Calibratio n chec k

usin g certifie dweights
. b Audi t usin g certifie dweights
.

4-2 1 Rev
. 1 

# 7/P.8 3

NMMA Baselin e Emissio nTestin g 4.7. 3 Flo w Measuremen t

Th e result s o f

th e flo w rat e audit s wer e reporte di nth e draft audi t report . Compariso n of

th e audi t

result s t o th e measurement s mad e fo r th e tes t run s o f th e sam e day s indicat e goo dagreemen t fo r velocitie s an dflo w rate s measure dusin g Metho d2 (Tabl e 4-13)
. Th e preliminar y velocit y measuremen t b y ho t wir e anemomete r

mad e b y th e audito r

o nApri l 1 4 indicate dagreate r velocit y tha n calculate dfro mpito t tub e measurements . Th e difference s ar e attribute dt o th e ho t

wir e anemomete r

velocit y bein g apoin t

measuremen t compare dwit ha n averag e velocit y resultin g fro mth e pito t tub e measurement s an dth e presenc e of

hydrocarbo ni nth e stream , whic hca ncaus e ho t wir e anemomete r

velocit y reading s greate r tha nactua l velocities
. 

### Tabl e 4-1 3 Result s of

Flo w Rat e Audi t Dat e 14-Ap r 15-Ap r Tes t

Audit-ho t

wir e NMMA-5- 2 NMMA-2- 2 Audit-pito t NMMA-16- 1 NMMA-15- 1 Velocit y (ftyinin) 193 0 173 8 172 8 178 7 186 6
_ , 179 3 Flo w Rat

e (cfm) 307 1 305 3 315 7 329 7 316 8 4.7. 4 Styren e Evaporatio nTes t

I n accordanc e wit hth e QAPP , styren e evaporatio ntest s (th e towe l tests ) wer e conducte dt o evaluat e th e captur e an drecover y o f styren e b y th e samplin g system . Tw o test s wer e completed , on e a t th e initiatio no f

th e testin g progra man don e a t

th e conclusio no f

th e program . I nbot hcases , th e recovere d quantit y o f

styren e me t

th e acceptanc e criteri afo r agoo dsyste m(±1 0 percent ) (Tabl e 4-14)
.
4-2 2 Rev. l 

# JyP.8 4



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testm g 

### Tabl e 4-1 4 Result s o f

Styren e Evaporatio n Test s Dat e Materia l Losse s (g ) Temperatur e (°F

) Flo w rat e (acfm) Averag e TH C Concentratio n (ppmv ) Duratio n (min ) Measure dEmission s (g ) Percen t Differenc e Towel- 1 4/1/9 7 119 9 65. 6 301 7 117. 8 6 6 120 2 0.2 1 Towel- 2

4/19/9 7 109 5 66 330 6 116. 7 5 9 116 5 6. 4 Th e firs t tes t represent s th e bes t

measur e o

f th e syste man dit s operatio n becaus e n o testin g ha dbee n conducte di n th e buildin g and , therefore , n o backgroun dstyren e i n buildin g ai r o r boot hai r interfere dwit hth e results
. Th e result s fromth e firs t tes t showe dexcellen t

agreemen t

betwee n th e measure d quantit y o

f styren e evaporate dfro mth e apparatu s (provide db y RTI) an dth e emission s determine db y measurin g stac k ga s concentration s an dflo w rate . Th e closur e betwee n thes e tw o measurement s i s no t a s clos e for

th e fina l test , however
. Althoug hi t

i s tru e tha t

th e flo w rat e throug hth e enclosur e wa s greate r durin g th e secon dtest , th e greate r emission s measure dar e attribute dmor e t o th e mol dlef

t i n th e enclosur e after

previou s laminatio n testing
. Althoug hth e measure dstyren e concentration s wer e adjuste dfor th e concentratio n in th e incomin g ai r

an dattempt s wer e mad e t o accoun t fo r th e backgroun d concentratio n in th e enclosure , i t i s likel y tha t

som e o f th e styren e include din th e measure demission s ma y hav e bee n generate db y th e mol dan dpar t lef t i n th e enclosur e (i.e. , residua l curin g emissions)
.

4-2 3 Rev
. 1



# ? 3P.8 5

STELLIN G ENGINEERING , P.A
. 131 9 ARNrnr E AVENUE
. DURHAM
. N C 2770 7 (919)419039 5 FA X 489-206 4

MEMORANDU M

To : Eri c Goehl , ER G From : Joh n Stelling ^ Date : Septembe r Re : Correctio n Page s for NMM A Tes t

Repor t Enclose dar

e correctio n page s 1-6 an d2-1 7 ofth e repor t o ncharacterizatio no f

emission s fromfiberglass boa t

manufacturin g conducte di nApri l 199 7 fo r th e Nationa l Marin e Manufacturer s Associatio n (NMMA)
. Thes e tw o page s correc t informatio nbase do n comment s receive dthi s week
. Th e Venu s Gusme r

equipmen t

(spra y an dflow choppers ) ha dbee nincorrecd y presente das airles s air-assisted
. Bot hpiece s o f applicatio nequipmen t

are airles s low-pressure desig n employin g intema l mix
. Also , th e pum p systemuse dfor th e Bink s Poly-Craf

t gelcoa t gu n wa s als o aBink s Poly-Craf t desig n an dno t

th e Glas-Craf

t desig npreviousl y reported
. Tabl e 2- 5 present s th e result s ofresi n testing
. Thi s i s aWOR D tabl e that di dno t ge t update d fromsome ver

y preliminary dat aas w e finalizedth e report . Th e replacemen t pag e present s th e correc t

value s i n th e table
. Th e correc t value s ha dalready bee npresente di nth e repor t i n Tabl e 2-1
. Pleas e call m e withany questions
.

EG0904 7 

# 9- VP.8 6



### NMMA aWkWt&aW

. Baselin e Emissio n Testin g 

### Continuou s stran dfiberglas s rovin g i s fe dt o achoppe r uni t mounte do n th e spra y gu n an di s cu t

int o choppe dfibe r

length s o

f approximatel y 1. 5 in
. long
. Th e choppe dfibe r

i s ejecte dfro mth e choppe r uni t an di s capture db y th e resi n fa n patter n ashor t

distanc e fro mth e spra y gun . Th e mixtur e o f th e catalyze d resi n an dchoppe dfiber

i s deposite do n th e mol db y th e sprayin g action
. Typica l o f fiberglas s boa t

manufacture , wove n rovin g ( afabri c material ) wa s use dwit h resi n applicatio n b y spra y gu nan dflow choppe r fo r th e additio n o

f thi s reinforcement
. A Venu s Gusme r G0 3 low-pressur e slav e ar minterna l mi x airles s choppe r

gu n equippe dwit ha500 3 tip , typica l of gun s use di n th e industry , wa s use dfo r

spra y applicatio n o

f resi n an dchoppe dglas s durin g thi s program . Resi n wa s supplie dt o th e choppe r gu n an dth e flo w choppe r b y a Venu s Gusme r

syste ma t

apum p rati o of

1 1 t o 1
. Th e methy l ethy l keton e peroxid e (MEKP)/dimethy l phthalat e (DMP ) catalys t wa s internall y mixe dfor bot hchoppe r

gu n an dflo w chopper , wit hth e catalys t delivere db y aslav e pum p system . Th e flo w choppe r wa s als o aVenu s Gusme r design
. Th e resi n i s delivere da t

amuc hlowe r

pressur e an dn o ai r

i s use dt o dispens e th e resi n int o th e choppe dglass
. Th e glas s i s choppe dint o length s usin g th e sam e metho da s i n th e choppe r

gun , bu t becaus e ther e i s n o atomizin g air , th e dispersio n patter n of glas s an dresi n mixtur e i s mor e narrow .

Gelcoa t i s applie di n th e boa t

buildin g industr y usin g aspra y gun , typically a n airles s air-assiste dspra y gun . Fo r thi s program , gelcoa t

wa s delivere dt o th e spra y gu n usin g aPoly-Craf t pum p syste ma t

apum p rati o o

f 2 3 t o 1
. Catalyst , delivere dusin g ametere dfee dpump , wa s mixe dexternally
. A Poly-Craf t 75 5 airles s air-assiste dspra y gu n (equippe dwit ha0.02 6 ti p size ) wa s use ddurin g thi s program .

1- 6 Rev. l 

# ?5P.8 7



### NMMA Baselin e Emissio n Testin g Tabl e 2- 5 Emission s Measure d Durin g Resi n Laminatio n

\ ;

J N / 

### - -les t 1 8 Dec k 3 5 R 1 8 Deck 3 5 RF C 1 8 Deck 4 2 R 1 8 Dec k 4 2 RF C 1 8 Hul l 3 5 R

~ -1 8 Hul l 3 5 RF C 1 8 Hul l 4 2 R 1 8 Hul l 4 2 RF C 2 8 Hul l 3 5 R 2 8 Hul l 4 2 R Kesi n Us e Ob ) 124. 6 114. 7 111. 8 122. 2 144. 5 141. 7 142. 9 154. 9 354. 4 304. 2 Emission s

Percen to f Availabl e Styren e 12. 9 11. 9 21. 1 13. 4 14. 8 10. 8 20. 7 11. 4 17. 3 23. 3 Flu x (lb/ft* )

0.013 0 0.009 2 0.0284 0.012 5 0.014 3 0.007 2 0.027 2 0.008 9 0.023 4 0.035 7 Normalize d

(lb/100 0 

## ib/m 0.1 1 0.0 8 0.2 5 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.0 5 0.1 9 0.0 6 / 0.0 7 0.1 2 "•/ ' 

### 2.5. 1 Emission s a s Percen to f Availabl e Styren e Figur e 2- 8 present s th e dat afo r emission s a s afunctio n of availabl e styrene . I n eac hse t

of tes t run s for agive n mol dsiz e an dshape , th e sam e patter n o f emission s i s seen : th e emission s fro mth e 4 2 percen t styren e resi n laminatio n ar e greate r

tha n th e emission s fro mlaminatio n usin g 3 5 percen t styren e resin , an dth e us e o

f aflo w choppe r

t o appl y th e resi n doe s resul t i n les s emissions
. Th e latte r effect i s likel y th e resul t

of no t atomizin g styren e i n th e spra y u p process . Base do n thes e measurements , th e effec t o f flo w choppe r

us e o n emission s i s greate r

fo r th e highe r

styren e conten t

resins
. Th e greates t

emission s i n term s of

percen t availabl e styren e wer e measure dfor

th e large r

mol dsiz e an dth e greate r styren e conten t

resin
. A n averag e los s o

f 23. 3 percen t

o f availabl e styren e wa s measure dfromlaminatin g th e 28-f t hul l wit h4 2 percen t

styren e resin
. Onl y 17. 3 percen t los s wa s measure d fo r th e sam e hul l usin g 3 5 percen t resin
. Becaus e thi s format o f presentin g
2-1 7 Rev. l 

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