[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 162 (Wednesday, August 23, 2023)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 57400-57405]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-18089]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50 CFR Part 660

[RTID 0648-XC971]


Magnuson-Stevens Act Provisions; Fisheries Off West Coast States; 
Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan; Amendment 31

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Notice of availability of proposed fishery management plan 
amendment; request for comments.

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SUMMARY: NMFS announces that the Pacific Fishery Management Council has 
submitted Amendment 31 to the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery 
Management Plan to the Secretary of Commerce for review. If approved, 
Amendment 31 would define stocks that are in need of conservation and 
management, consistent with the provisions and guidelines of the 
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. Amendment 31 
would define stocks for 14 species within the fishery management unit. 
These species were prioritized because they had stock assessments in 
2021 or will have assessments in 2023. Amendment 31 is necessary for 
NMFS to make stock status determinations, which in turn will help 
prevent overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, and achieve optimum 
yield. Amendment 31 is administrative in nature and does not change 
harvest levels or timing and location of fishing, nor does it revise 
the goals and objectives or the management frameworks of the Pacific 
Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan.

DATES: Comments on Amendment 31 must be received no later than October 
22, 2023.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments on this document, identified by 
NOAA-NMFS-2023-0066, by the following method:
    <bullet> Electronic Submission: Submit all electronic public 
comments via the Federal e-Rulemaking Portal. Go to https://www.regulations.gov and enter NOAA-NMFS-2023-0066 in the Search box. 
Click the ``Comment'' icon, complete the required fields, and enter or 
attach your comments.
    Instructions: Comments must be submitted by the above method to 
ensure that the comments are received, documented, and considered by 
NMFS. Comments sent by any other method, to any other address or 
individual, or received after the end of the comment period, may not be 
considered. All comments received are a part of the public record and 
NMFS will post for public viewing on https://www.regulations.gov 
without change. All personal identifying information (e.g., name, 
address, etc.), confidential business information, or otherwise 
sensitive information submitted voluntarily by the sender is publicly 
accessible. NMFS will accept anonymous comments (enter ``N/A'' in the 
required fields if you wish to remain anonymous).

Electronic Access

    This rule is accessible via the internet at the Office of the 
Federal Register website at https://www.federalregister.gov. Background 
information and documents including an analysis for this action 
(Analysis), which addresses the statutory requirements of the Magnuson 
Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act) 
are available from the Pacific Fishery Management Council's website at 
https://www.pcouncil.org.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gretchen Hanshew, Fishery Management 
Specialist, at 206-526-6147 or <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#086f7a6d7c6b606d66266069667b606d7f4866676969266f677e"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="e1869384958289848fcf89808f92898496a18f8e8080cf868e97">[email protected]</span></a>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: NMFS manages the groundfish fisheries in the 
exclusive economic zone (EEZ) seaward of Washington, Oregon, and 
California under the Pacific Coast Groundfish fishery management plan 
(PCGFMP). The Council prepared and NMFS implemented the PCGFMP under 
the authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and 
Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act), 16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq. and by 
regulations at 50 CFR parts 600 and 660. The Magnuson-Stevens Act 
requires that each regional fishery management council submit any 
fishery management plan (FMP) or plan amendment it prepares to NMFS for 
review and approval, disapproval, or partial approval by the Secretary 
of Commerce. The Magnuson-Stevens Act also requires that NMFS, upon 
receiving an FMP or amendment, immediately publish a notification that 
the FMP or amendment is available for public review and comment. This 
notice of availability announces that the proposed Amendment 31 to the 
FMP is available for public review and comment. NMFS will consider the 
public comments received during the comment period described above in 
determining whether to approve, partially approve, or disapprove 
Amendment 31 to the FMP.

Background

    Amendment 31 would define stocks that are in need of conservation 
and management. Amendment 31 would define stocks for 14 species within 
the fishery management unit (FMU; the jurisdiction of the FMP from 3-
200 nautical miles offshore between the U.S. border with Canada and the 
U.S. border with Mexico, which may also be referred to as 
``coastwide'').
    At its June 20-27, 2023 meeting in Vancouver, Washington, the 
Council recommended stock definitions for 14 species of Pacific Coast 
groundfish after NMFS was unable to make stock status determinations in 
2021. NMFS was unable to make stock status determinations because the 
``stocks'' for which the Council was expecting status determinations 
did not exist in the FMP. Currently, the FMP has a list of 80+ species 
to which it pertains, and does not describe whether each species is a 
single stock within the fishery management unit or if it is multiple 
(e.g., regional) stocks.
    NMFS requested that the Council undertake Amendment 31 to define 
stocks at its March 8-14, 2022 meeting in San Jose, California. NMFS 
advised the Council that it should define the stocks for which stock 
status determinations were changing in 2021 and 2023, and to add those 
definitions to the FMP. In particular, NMFS was

[[Page 57401]]

seeking clarifications on whether species should have overfished (or 
not overfished) and subject to overfishing (or not subject to 
overfishing) status determinations on a scale that is less than 
coastwide.
    The Council prioritized a sub-set of species, because there are 80+ 
species managed by the FMP, be considered for stock identification in 
Amendment 31. These species are black, canary, copper, quillback, 
squarespot, vermilion, and vermilion/sunset rockfishes; Dover, petrale, 
and rex soles; lingcod, Pacific spiny dogfish, sablefish, and 
shortspine thornyhead. These species were prioritized because they were 
subject to stock assessments in 2021 or are subject to stock 
assessments in 2023, and were therefore the most likely candidates to 
be the subject of NMFS' forthcoming status determinations, which are 
often based on new assessments.
    Early in the development of Amendment 31, the Council was advised 
by the Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC) that indications of 
population structure within a species should be an indicator of whether 
stock status should be determined at a finer scale than coastwide. The 
Council evaluated a literature review of the best scientific and 
biological information available for each species, which is appended to 
the main analytical document (Analysis) developed for Amendment 31, 
available on the Council website (see Electronic Access).
    The Analysis considered alternative stock definitions for each 
species where applicable, as some species only had one stock definition 
alternative, as explained below. Generally, species with no known 
population structure, based on the literature review, or with known 
population structure based on genetic information, were considered 
under a single stock definition alternative. The rest of the species 
had known indicators of population structure but were lacking or had 
conflicting genetic indicators of latitudinal variation and were 
therefore considered under multiple stock definition alternatives. For 
species with multiple alternatives, the Analysis assumed each 
alternative stock definition was adopted, then applied the FMP's 
harvest specifications framework to each stock to assess some of the 
biological, socioeconomic, and fishery management trade-offs that might 
be expected from implementation of future management actions based on 
the alternative stock definitions. Impacts of these stock definitions 
are expected to flow from future, subsequent action(s) to set harvest 
specifications and management measures for the stock(s) but the 
Analysis provided information for the Council to consider in making its 
decision. The Council considered these tradeoffs when making its final 
stock definition recommendations at its June 20-27, 2023 meeting. The 
following narrative provides species-specific information, in 
alphabetical order by common name, and rationale for the stock 
definition for each species that would be implemented by Amendment 31.

Black Rockfish (Sebastes Melanops)

    Black rockfish range from Southern California to the Aleutian 
Islands in Alaska and occur most commonly north of San Francisco, 
California. Black rockfish are an important target species in Pacific 
Coast tribal fisheries off the coast of Washington State and in non-
tribal commercial and recreational fisheries predominantly north of San 
Francisco, California. While overall population structure remains 
poorly understood, there are some indications that the species may have 
distinct geospatial population structure. Genetic work has indicated 
three, or perhaps more, populations within the species' range, and 
larval dispersal and adult movement are limited, to varying degrees, 
along the coast. All black rockfish assessments (1999 through 2023) 
have been assessed with multiple, area-specific, models within the FMU 
due to management considerations and differences in exploitation 
history. The Council has calculated harvest specifications and managed 
black rockfish as three state-specific populations since 2017 and 
defining three stocks of black rockfish is not expected to trigger 
future allocative actions, increase management burden during the next 
biennial cycle compared to 2023, or result in short-term or long-term 
biological impacts if status is determined at a coastwide scale. This 
geographic delineation clearly aligned well with past and recent 
fishery management and policy decisions for the species as well as best 
scientific information available. Therefore, the Council recommended 
and NMFS is proposing to approve three stocks of black rockfish in the 
FMP.

Canary Rockfish (Sebastes Pinniger)

    Canary rockfish are distributed along the northeastern Pacific 
coast, and the species is most abundant from British Columbia to 
central California. Canary rockfish are mostly harvested in sectors of 
the commercial and recreational non-tribal fisheries within the FMU. 
While population structure remains poorly understood, there are no 
known indications that the species has distinct geospatial population 
structure. The species has been assessed as a single geographic unit 
within the FMU since its first assessment in 1994, including throughout 
the period where it was managed under a rebuilding plan (2001-2014). 
The harvest specifications that are compared to mortality estimates to 
assess whether the species is subject to overfishing (currently 
overfishing limits [OFLs] and before 2005 called acceptable biological 
catches, or ABCs), have been set at a coastwide level throughout the 
period the species was managed under a rebuilding plan and in its 
current rebuilt status (2015-present). The Council cooperatively 
manages this species at a coastwide scale, with allocative sharing 
agreements between states and fishery sectors decided every 2 years 
through the harvest specifications and management measures biennial 
process. Defining canary rockfish as a stock at a coastwide scale is 
not expected to trigger future allocative actions, increase management 
burden during the next biennial cycle compared to 2023, or result in 
short-term or long-term biological impacts if status is determined at a 
coastwide scale. The only alternative the Council considered was a 
coastwide stock definition, as only a single geographic delineation 
clearly aligned well with past and recent fishery management and policy 
decisions for the species as well as best scientific information 
available. Therefore, the Council recommended and NMFS is proposing to 
approve a single stock of canary rockfish in the FMP.

Copper Rockfish (Sebastes Caurinus)

    Copper rockfish are distributed from Mexico to Alaska. Within the 
FMU, copper rockfish are predominantly harvested in recreational 
fisheries, but are also harvested in nearshore commercial fisheries to 
varying degrees along the coast. While population structure remains 
poorly understood, there are some indications that the species may have 
distinct geospatial population structure. Multiple studies have found 
genetic differentiation within the species' distribution, likely due to 
some level of isolation. Isolation could be a result of lack of larval 
dispersal or adult movement, patchiness of their preferred rocky 
habitat along parts of the coast, or other factors. Copper rockfish 
have been managed for years at a less than coastwide scale, and was 
assessed in 2021 and 2023 using models at a less than coastwide scale. 
The geographic stratification of the assessment areas is primarily 
driven by differences in current and historical

[[Page 57402]]

harvest intensity. There is no known scientific evidence that there is 
distinct population structure for copper rockfish between the two 
assessed areas of the coasts off of Washington and Oregon, or between 
the two assessed areas off the coast of California. A two stock 
delineation aligned with the Council's desire to keep the sub-division 
of management of a species to a minimum, while retaining a geographic 
delineation aligned with best scientific information available and 
consistent with past management decisions to manage the species as 
multiple units. Therefore, the Council recommended and NMFS is 
proposing to approve two stocks of copper rockfish in the FMP, north 
and south of 42[deg]00' N lat.

Dover Sole (Microstomus Pacificus)

    Dover sole are distributed from the Bering Sea in Alaska to Baja 
California and are harvested in the groundfish fishery throughout the 
FMU, though mostly by the non-tribal bottom trawl fishery off Oregon 
and Washington. The population structure of Dover sole is largely 
unknown, though the limited information available does not indicate 
distinct geospatial population structure. The harvest specifications 
that are compared to mortality estimates to assess whether the species 
is subject to overfishing have been set at a coastwide scale, for over 
30 years. Dover sole's single, coastwide annual catch limit (ACL) is 
formally allocated in the FMP between trawl and non-trawl fisheries. 
Defining Dover sole as a stock at a coastwide scale is not expected to 
trigger future allocative actions, increase management burden during 
the next biennial cycle compared to 2023-24, or result in short-term or 
long-term biological impacts if status is determined at a coastwide 
scale. The only alternative the Council considered was a coastwide 
stock definition, as only a single geographic delineation clearly 
aligned well with past and recent fishery management and policy 
decisions for the species as well as best scientific information 
available. Therefore, the Council recommended and NMFS is proposing to 
approve a single stock of Dover sole in the FMP.

Lingcod (Ophiodon Elongatus)

    Lingcod are distributed along the eastern Pacific coast from Baja 
California to the Gulf of Alaska. Lingcod are harvested in tribal 
fisheries and all sectors of non-tribal commercial and recreational 
fisheries. There are known indications that the species has distinct 
geospatial population structure, including genetic studies and life 
history characteristics such as differences in growth, longevity, and 
size at maturity. Lingcod have been assessed and managed as northern 
and southern geographic units since 2005. The Council manages this 
species at a less than coastwide scale, with allocative sharing 
agreements between states and fishery sectors decided every 2 years 
through the harvest specifications and management measures biennial 
process. Defining lingcod as a northern stock and a southern stock 
within the FMU is not expected to trigger future allocative actions, 
increase management burden during the next biennial cycle compared to 
2023-24, or result in short-term or long-term biological impacts if 
status is determined at that scale. The only alternative the Council 
considered was a two-stock definition (lingcod north and lingcod 
south), as only this geographic delineation clearly aligned well with 
past and recent fishery management and policy decisions for the species 
as well as best scientific information available. Therefore, the 
Council recommended and NMFS is proposing two lingcod stocks in the 
FMP.

Pacific Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Suckleyi)

    Pacific spiny dogfish live from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja 
California, with the highest abundance off the coast of British 
Columbia and Washington State. There are known indications that the 
portions of the stock within the FMU has interaction with and overlaps 
with spiny dogfish observed off British Colombia. There are no known 
indications of geospatial population structure within the FMU. Pacific 
spiny dogfish have been assessed and managed as a coastwide population 
since it was first assessed in 2011. The OFLs have been set at a 
coastwide level since the species was removed from the Other Fish 
complex in 2015; prior to 2015, the species' OFLs contributed to the 
coastwide OFL for the Other Fish complex. Allocative sharing agreements 
between states and fishery sectors for spiny dogfish have not been 
necessary to date. Defining spiny dogfish as a stock at a coastwide 
scale is not expected to trigger future allocative actions, increase 
management burden during the next biennial cycle compared to 2023-24, 
or result in short-term or long-term biological impacts if status is 
determined at a coastwide scale. The only alternative the Council 
considered was a coastwide stock definition, as only a single 
geographic delineation clearly aligned well with past and recent 
fishery management and policy decisions for the species as well as best 
scientific information available. Therefore, the Council recommended 
and NMFS is proposing a single stock of spiny dogfish in the FMP.

Petrale Sole (Eopsetta Jordani)

    Petrale sole are distributed along the northeastern Pacific coast 
from the Gulf of Alaska to northern Baja California and their abundance 
is predominantly distributed by depth rather than latitude, with known 
seasonal depth migration patterns. Most petrale sole harvest in the FMU 
come from commercial bottom trawl gear, and fisheries harvesting 
petrale sole exhibit spatial and seasonal patterns. Population 
structure along this species' range is poorly understood, but there are 
no known indications that the species has distinct geospatial 
population structure. At the recommendation of the stock assessment 
review panel of 2006, the species has been assessed as a single 
geographic unit within the fishery management unit since 2009, 
including throughout the period where it was managed under a rebuilding 
plan (2009-2014). Similar to canary rockfish, the harvest 
specifications to assess whether the species is subject to overfishing 
have been set at a coastwide level for over 30 years, including 
throughout the period the species was managed under a rebuilding plan. 
A large majority of the coastwide harvestable surplus is allocated to 
trawl fisheries, with the allocation being decided every 2 years 
through the biennial harvest specifications and management measures 
process. Defining petrale sole as a stock at a coastwide scale is not 
expected to trigger future allocative actions, increase management 
burden during the next biennial cycle compared to 2023-24, or result in 
short-term or long-term biological impacts if status is determined at a 
coastwide scale. The only alternative the Council considered was a 
coastwide stock definition, as only a single geographic delineation 
clearly aligned well with past and recent fishery management and policy 
decisions for the species as well as best scientific information 
available. Therefore, the Council recommended and NMFS is proposing to 
approve a single stock of petrale sole in the FMP.

Quillback Rockfish (Sebastes Maliger)

    Quillback rockfish are distributed in the northeastern Pacific 
Ocean from Southern California to the Gulf of Alaska. Within the FMU, 
Quillback rockfish are predominantly harvested in recreational 
fisheries, but are also harvested in nearshore commercial fisheries to 
varying degrees along the coast. While population structure

[[Page 57403]]

remains poorly understood, there are some indications that the species 
may have distinct geospatial population structure within the FMU. While 
there has been limited genetic work on this species, adults in multiple 
sites within the species range show high site fidelity with limited 
adult movement. There are known, albeit limited, differences in growth 
along the coast, and abundance trends are also estimated to differ 
regionally. Quillback rockfish have been managed for many years at a 
less than coastwide scale, and was assessed in 2021 using models at a 
less than coastwide scale. The geographic stratification of the 
assessment areas on a state-specific scale is primarily driven by 
differences in current and historical harvest intensity, but also 
aligns with the state-specific approaches to fishery management of 
nearshore species and is consistent with the best scientific 
information available. Therefore, the Council recommended and NMFS is 
proposing to approve three state-specific stocks of quillback rockfish 
in the FMP (i.e., Quillback Rockfish--Washington, Quillback Rockfish--
Oregon, and Quillback Rockfish--California).

Rex Sole (Glyptocephalus Zachirus)

    Rex sole are distributed along the northeastern Pacific coast from 
Alaska to southern California. Rex sole are commonly caught in trawl 
fisheries within the FMU. While population structure remains poorly 
understood, there are no known indications that the species has 
distinct geospatial population structure. The species has been assessed 
as a single geographic unit within the FMU since its first assessment 
in 2013. The OFLs for rex sole contribute to the Other Flatfish stock 
complex OFLs, which are compared to mortality estimates of all the 
species in the complex to assess whether the stock complex is subject 
to overfishing. Other Flatfish OFLs have been set at a coastwide level 
since at least 2005. The Other Flatfish complex, including rex sole, is 
managed by the Council at a coastwide scale and formal or informal 
sharing agreements between states or fishery sectors have been 
unnecessary to date. Defining rex sole as a stock at a coastwide scale 
is not expected to trigger future allocative actions, increase 
management burden during the next biennial cycle compared to 2023-24, 
or result in short-term or long-term biological impacts if status is 
determined at a coastwide scale. The only alternative the Council 
considered was a coastwide stock definition, as only a single 
geographic delineation clearly aligned well with past and recent 
fishery management and policy decisions for the species as well as best 
scientific information available. Therefore, the Council recommended 
and NMFS is proposing to approve a single stock of rex sole in the FMP.

Sablefish (Anoplopoma Fimbria)

    Sablefish are distributed along the northern Pacific coast from the 
coast of Japan, through the Bering Sea in Alaska, and south to the 
southern tip of Baja California. Sablefish is a highly attained and 
important commercial fishery component of both tribal and non-tribal 
West Coast groundfish fisheries. While population structure remains 
poorly understood, there are few known indications that the species has 
distinct geospatial population structure within the FMU. Research has 
indicated geospatially distinctive growth rates and different maximum 
sizes for this species within the FMU, however recruitment trends do 
not show the same geospatial differentiation. Sablefish within the FMU 
has been assessed as a single geographic unit and for over 30 years the 
harvest specifications to assess whether sablefish is subject to 
overfishing have been set at a coastwide level. Sablefish are formally 
allocated in the FMP and the Council manages sablefish harvest at a 
less than coastwide scale, reflective of the geospatial differences in 
maximum size and regional fishery characteristics. The formal 
allocation is both geographic, north and south of 36[deg] N lat., and 
also establishes sharing among user groups, including two different 
individual fishing quota fisheries and tribal fisheries. Defining 
sablefish as a stock at a coastwide scale is not expected to trigger 
future allocative actions, increase management burden during the next 
biennial cycle compared to 2023-24, or result in short-term or long-
term biological impacts if status is determined at a coastwide scale. 
The only alternative the Council considered was a coastwide stock 
definition, as only a single geographic delineation clearly aligned 
well with past and recent harvest specifications and policy decisions 
for the species as well as best scientific information available. 
Therefore, the Council recommended and NMFS is proposing to approve a 
single stock of sablefish in the FMP. This action does not change the 
Council's ability to set multiple ACLs for sablefish and makes no 
changes to the formal sablefish allocation structure described in the 
FMP.

Shortspine Thornyhead (Sebastolobus Alascanus)

    Shortspine thornyhead are distributed in the waters of the 
northeastern Pacific coast from the Bering Sea to Baja California. 
Historically, shortspine thornyhead were mostly harvested in non-tribal 
fisheries with trawl gear, but since the mid-1990s, harvest of 
shortspine thornyhead with non-trawl gears like longlines have steadily 
increased. While population structure remains poorly understood, there 
are no known indications that the species has distinct geospatial 
population structure within the FMU. The species has been assessed as a 
single, coastwide stock throughout the FMU since 2005. For over 20 
years the overfishing limits, which are compared to mortality estimates 
to assess whether shortspine thornyhead is subject to overfishing, have 
been set for a single geographic unit within the FMU. Shortspine 
thornyhead are formally allocated in the FMP and the Council manages 
shortspine thornyhead at a less than coastwide scale, reflective of the 
differences in regional fishery characteristics. The formal allocation 
is both geographic, north and south of 34[deg]27' N lat., and also 
establishes sharing among user groups, including allocations to the 
trawl individual fishing quota fishery. Defining shortspine thornyhead 
as a single stock at a coastwide scale is not expected to trigger 
future allocative actions, increase management burden during the next 
biennial cycle compared to 2023-24, or result in short-term or long-
term biological impacts if status is determined at a coastwide scale. 
The only alternative the Council considered was a coastwide stock 
definition, as only a single geographic delineation clearly aligned 
well with past and recent fishery management and policy decisions for 
the species as well as best scientific information available. 
Therefore, the Council recommended and NMFS is proposing to approve a 
single stock of shortspine thornyhead in the FMP. This action does not 
change the Council's ability to set multiple ACLs for shortspine 
thornyhead and makes no changes to the formal shortspine thornyhead 
allocation structure described in the FMP.

Squarespot Rockfish (Sebastes Hopkinsi)

    Squarespot rockfish are distributed from southern Oregon to Mexico 
with their highest densities in southern California. Squarespot 
rockfish are not typically targeted due to their small size, but are 
caught in both commercial and recreational fisheries off the coast of 
California. While population structure remains poorly understood, there 
are no known indications that the species has distinct geospatial 
population structure

[[Page 57404]]

(e.g., that it is multiple stocks). The species was assessed for the 
first time in 2021 as a single stock, using all available data within 
the FMU. The resulting 2021 assessment was only informative of the 
portion of the population off the coast of California. The OFLs for 
squarespot rockfish contribute to the Shelf Rockfish stock complex 
OFLs, which are compared to mortality estimates of all the species in 
the complex combined to assess whether the stock complex is subject to 
overfishing. Shelf Rockfish overfishing status has been assessed north 
and south of 40[deg]10' N lat. (Cape Mendocino, in northern California) 
for over 30 years. However, squarespot rockfish contributes extremely 
small biomass to the complex harvest specifications north of 40[deg]10' 
N lat. due to its relatively sparse distribution and historically 
minimal harvest in that region. The Shelf Rockfish complex both north 
and south of 40[deg]10' N lat. is managed by the Council with 
allocative sharing agreements between fishery sectors decided every 2 
years through the harvest specifications and management measures 
biennial process. Defining squarespot rockfish as a single stock within 
the FMU is not expected to trigger future allocative actions, increase 
management burden during the next biennial cycle compared to 2023-24, 
or result in short-term or long-term negative biological impacts if 
status is determined at a coastwide scale. A single geographic 
delineation clearly aligned well with past and recent fishery 
management and policy decisions for the species as well as best 
scientific information available. Therefore, the Council recommended 
and NMFS is proposing to approve a single stock of squarespot rockfish 
in the FMP.

Vermilion Rockfish (Sebastes Miniatus)

    Vermilion rockfish are distributed in the waters of the 
northeastern Pacific from Alaska to Baja California, with highest 
abundance from central Oregon south into Mexico. Vermilion rockfish are 
harvested in all sectors of the commercial and recreational fisheries 
within the FMU. There are known indications that the species has 
distinct geospatial population structure, including low-average larval 
dispersal and high site fidelity in adults, which has led to genetic 
differentiation within the FMU. Vermilion rockfish throughout the FMU 
were originally considered a single species; however, in southern 
California it is found as part of a pair of cryptic species, vermilion 
rockfish and sunset rockfish. For this reason, this cryptic species 
pair are considered together in the areas of the coast where sunset 
rockfish is known to be more prevalent.
    In the areas of the coast where sunset rockfish are not known to be 
present, the Council recommended and NMFS is proposing a single stock 
of vermilion rockfish in the area of the FMU north of 42[deg] N lat. 
due to a lack of scientific evidence of distinct population structure 
off the coasts of Washington and Oregon. This geographic delineation 
for vermilion rockfish clearly aligned well with past and recent 
fishery management and policy decisions for the species as well as best 
scientific information available.

Vermilion/Sunset Rockfish (Sebastes Miniatus and Sebastes Crocotulus)

    The primary biomass of sunset rockfish appears to be in the 
Southern California Bight, though their range does extend somewhat 
north of Point Conception, California to an unknown extent. The two 
species lack morphological distinctions and can only be differentiated 
with genetic testing. Therefore, they are treated in assessments and 
fishery management as a single cryptic species pair in the areas of the 
coast with known sunset rockfish presence. In the areas of the coast 
where sunset rockfish are present and contributing biomass to a 
vermilion/sunset rockfish cryptic species pair in the assessments and 
fisheries, the Council recommended and NMFS is proposing a single stock 
of vermilion/sunset rockfish in the area of the FMU south of 42[deg] N 
lat. due to a lack of scientific evidence of distinct population 
structure off the coast of California and the uncertainty in the 
northern extent of the range of sunset rockfish. A single geographic 
delineation for vermilion/sunset rockfish clearly aligned well with 
past and recent fishery management and policy decisions for the cryptic 
species pair as well as best scientific information available.

Summary

    The Council recommended defining 20 stocks for 14 species within 
the over 80 managed groundfish species within the FMU, as described in 
Table 1. The Council also recognized the need for, and is scheduled to 
begin in 2023, a comprehensive effort to define all remaining 
groundfish species in the FMP.

   Table 1--Groundfish Stocks Within the Fishery Management Unit (FMU) of the Pacific Coast Groundfish FMP and
                        Their Boundaries, as Proposed To Be Amended Through Amendment 31
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Stock                    Species scientific name                  Stock boundaries
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elasmobranchs:
    Pacific Spiny Dogfish...........  Squalus suckleyi............  Pacific West Coast FMU.
Roundfish:
    Lingcod North...................  Ophiodon elongatus..........  North of 40[deg]10' N lat.
    Lingcod South...................  Ophiodon elongatus..........  South of 40[deg]10' N lat.
    Sablefish.......................  Anoplopoma fimbria..........  Pacific West Coast FMU.
Rockfish:
    Black Rockfish--Washington......  Sebastes melanops...........  North of 46[deg]16' N lat.
    Black Rockfish--Oregon..........  S. melanops.................  46[deg]16' N lat. to 42[deg] N lat.
    Black Rockfish--California......  S. melanops.................  South of 42[deg] N lat.
    Canary Rockfish.................  S. pinniger.................  Pacific West Coast FMU.
    Copper Rockfish North...........  S. caurinus.................  North of 42[deg] N lat.
    Copper Rockfish South...........  S. caurinus.................  South 42[deg] N lat.
    Quillback Rockfish-Washington...  S. maliger..................  North of 46[deg]16' N lat.
    Quillback Rockfish--Oregon......  S. maliger..................  46[deg]16' N lat. to 42[deg] N lat.
    Quillback Rockfish--California..  S. maliger..................  South of 42[deg] N lat.
    Squarespot Rockfish.............  S. hopkinsi.................  Pacific West Coast FMU.
    Vermilion Rockfish..............  S. miniatus.................  North of 42[deg] N lat.
    Vermilion/Sunset Rockfish.......  S. miniatus/S. crocotulus...  South 42[deg] N lat.

[[Page 57405]]

 
    Shortspine Thornyhead...........  Sebastolobus alascanus......  Pacific West Coast FMU.
Flatfish:
    Dover Sole......................  Microstomus pacificus.......  Pacific West Coast FMU.
    Petrale Sole....................  Eopsetta jordani............  Pacific West Coast FMU.
    Rex Sole........................  Glyptocephalus zachirus.....  Pacific West Coast FMU.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.

    Dated: August 17, 2023.
Kelly Denit,
Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries 
Service.
[FR Doc. 2023-18089 Filed 8-22-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-P


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