## Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps 

# Introduction Bryan Berringer (bryan.berringer@ee.doe.gov) U.S. Department ofEnergy 

## U.S. DOE Workshop on Standards for Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners 6 

## and Heat Pumps o September 12, 2001 I ' 

## Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps 

# Introduction Bryan Berringer (bryan.berringer@ee.doe.gov) 

# u.s. Department ofEnergy 

# u.s. DOE Workshop on Standards for Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners and HeatPumps

. September 12,2001 ." "-.) a a "-.) . I

a a (Jl "-.) a

# t 

# Energy Policy & Conservation if Act (EPCA) Ruirements EPCA, Pub. L. 94-163, as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), Pub. L. 102-486, establishes energy efficiency standards for certain commercial heating and air conditioning equipment which includes commercial unitary air conditioners and heat pumps The efficiency requirements in the statute correspond to the levels in ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 as in effect on October 24, 1992 Ifthe efficiency levels in ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 are amended, the Secretary ofEnergy must establish an amended standard for such equipment at the new ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 minimum level, unless (s)he determines, through a rulemaking supported by clear and convincing evidence, that a more stringent standard is technologically feasible and economicallyjustified and would result in significant additional energy conservation. EPCA section 342 (a)(6)(A), 42 U.S.C. 6313 (a)(6)(A) 

# EnergyPolicy & 

# Conservation Act**(EP£9~)~~~quirements** • EPCA, Pub. L. 94-163, as amended bythe Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), Pub. L. 102-486, establishes energy efficiency standards for certain commercial heating and air conditioning equipment which includes commercial unitary air conditioners and heatpumps • The efficiency requirements in the statute correspond to the levels in ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 as in effect on October 24, 1992 • Ifthe efficiency levels in ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 are amended, the Secretary ofEnergy must establish an amended standard for such equipment at the new ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 minimum level, unless (s)he determines, through a rulemaking supported by clear and convincing evidence, that a more stringent standard is technologically feasible and economicallyjustified and would result in significant additional energy conservation. EPCA section 342 (a)(6)(A), 42 U.S.C. 6313 (a)(6)(A) 1

# EPCA Requirements (Con't) * Small and Large Commercial Package Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment are covered products. §342 EPCA set the initial standards. §342(a) Product Category/Product Subcategory Efficiency Level EPCA ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Small Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment/ >65 kBtu/h and <135 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central AC, HP EER: 8.9 EER: 10.3, COP: 3 COP: 3.2 Large Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment/ 2 135 kBtu/h and <240 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central AC EER: 8.5 EER: 9.7 2 135 kBtu/h and <240 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central HP EER: 8.5 EER: 9.3, COP: 2.9 COP: 3.1 2 

# EPCA Requirements 

# (Con't)

____________ !P.!.**!!lIs~,.:. ~~** . .iJf.;'.p.\':.:':.,.... ":" 

## • Small and Large Commercial PackageAir Conditioning and Heating Equipment are coveredproducts. §342 • EPCA set 

## the initial standards. §342(a) Product Category/ProductSubcategory Small Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment!**~** 65 kBtu/h and <135 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, CentralAC, HP Large Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning andHeatingEquipment!**~** 135 kBtu/h and <240 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, CentralAC**~** 135 kBtu/h and <240 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central HP Efficiency Level EPCA ASHRAE 90.1-1999 EER: 8.9 COP: 3 EER: 8.5 EER: 8.5 EER: 10.3, COP: 3.2 EER: 9.7 EER: 9.3, COP: 2.9 COP: 3.1
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# Rulemaking Status FY 2000 - Assigned a high priority January 12, 2001 - Federal Register notice 

## announced DOE would evaluate whether standards higher than ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 arejustified May 2001 - National Energy Policy (NEP) 

## report recommended support for the appliance standards program for covered products, setting higher standards where technologically feasible and economicallyjustified 3 

## • FY 2000 - Assigned a highpriority , • January 12, 2001 - Federal Register notice announced DOE would·evaluate whether standards higherthan ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 arejustified

I •• 

## May 2001 - National Energy Policy (NEP) report recommended support for the appliance standards program for coveredproducts, setting higher standards where technologically feasible and economicallyjustified 3

# Standards Setting Process hial , 

# Timeline July 2001 Stakeholder Participation Pror Activitiest -. '

Figure 1. Principal procedural steps in the commercial unitary air-conditioner and heat pump standards sauemakntting

4 1989 1992 1999q 201 02 00 0020 Figure 1.Prin~~~~,cipAl prcdrlsesI'h omrca ntr i-odtoe 1989 

# Standards Setting Process Timeline July 2001 Stakeholder Participation 

# '.**prl?~·A.~!iJil~~i:f·;-;** 

# ',.,**s;fiii;j~1i~I~~~~J~~~»~~(~·~.~~I~~a~'~~ l(---~**  1992 2001 2002 2003 2004 2008 Figure 1. Principal procedural steps Inthecommercial unitary air-conditioner and heat pump standards setting process 4

# Analytical Framework Commercial Unitary A/C and HP Approaches Key-Inputs Analysis Key-Outputs inoustry Rem=_i . [' i ian r mnsn/ Preduce

_ Market & Technology

, ua ltlv Airit-.lde Ml /Fim nenta - r . . Assessment Terf-,Do n Analysis gnujivm il Praote n .. Pirtslla M, __ Eienit ta

_ al I LhI IScreening Analysis A=PuRi neni Siaban Modaels - _L Mandacturing e| 1 E,.iq.dr~trwd t i j E- 5 ffi'cimfl^f ance ftI_ Engineering , . - ........--- Analyss

_

rI I-----L Empoy^men F|NA LR ULlE EnCTjsis , 5 ; i ,; M intensn>«JScnviecCaat £ ' Modelsu ; * priceshJ-est-J-- . :Lifrycle Cost and Payback , Lfc.. NOttxti

1 . ij |___inaaitbn e«ai ! 5^ . , . Ena«yi« ng, Esrec __ j E i - I . ____ * tNt PrFCent VYlee* Hitelorichb snt, Oe I Etitcii Impats Analysis Froduct saturtion i * Eiciency *VoluntryinHittives j distribution f ANOPR _i . . T . Revised Engineering, LCC., ~ and NES Analyses - . 1 :,' i . ! i

- * Pya¢ac( CIS tbuen : ~ i O1 ~-ah IcsCi Consumere Oisl c j i OBno gfaphlcs _

-nrrorIpacts i 5 ; i -- -- -:--: : :::::Manuftictur Prices a -- ' ' ....-... .....-- ........-.....-....... .. , .. : .... Manufacturer hirnd yCas-o..w with Un inlct Averages :
.. . __ . .... Impact Analysis C~

o s l s *t Standan1 Levl Cases, * Effidency Diasrution for all Cases Utlii1oadfactcrt ·. . . .. *... Utility Impacts | UtIhy RevenueLossm Emosson rates.." (NEMS) , Environmental Emissions Analysis (NEMS--

Employment

Impacts .. NOPR , I FINAL RULE Revised Analysis

_ 

# Analytical Framework

Commercial Unitary Ale 

## and HP Approaches

Effx:jmcv:lntl Mprti'''' "f..Jj i j , , i Q.

:0**~ ~**  ''III Key-Inputs

## ~M~Nt~m~Sy~NDYuu__________

## ~__

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## ~__

## ~.. Emed ECC"ss**~**r·········_···_·····: i._.___.. ; I 

### : I Analysis Market & TeclYloiogy Assessment Screening Analysis

# J Key-Outputs

• Pe'jboc:ll Ilisbil>Ullan , • Ue-cyde OISII1IlutiorI

..En "'VI .......IIS • Net Pr..... nt V ....es fsrcq"l**~** , .. M"'od..,d"'.'--____________ -+-+---i-__... :.**Shipmen~** ...**:c::e,~~;;~::::::**

## ..**~** 

## .. • Hililaricll1l1;pmenls '.'**Elftcjen~** " • Pa'jb.c:11 • Proca.oCl s-lIIrllion , : -, • Vc&lnteryinijiatiYH ! dislllDullon . i ANOPR

NOPR FINAL RULE Revised Engineering, LCC. '--__**and_N_E_s_t.,...~-na-lys_es---·**..

### -·--·l
• Pa)IlaCk Clmbutlon**DJ~--~~--~---·~u~~~~~~~·S®~~~~.**

t Revised Analysis , , :**~CaSh-towwif'l ~** 

, Emissions ., - -

# Discussion Topics Market and Technology Assessment

- Product Classes

- Baseline 

## Screening Analysis Engineering Analysis

- Equipment Efficiency and Cost Analysis

- Building Energy Use and Electric Load Shape 

## Characterization 

# Discussion Topics

.... 1IiiIiiiiii.... _______ ..**~** .. .**,~;,.~i:'~,o;m.;··'::··;:'?,'** .. ' '. ' 

## • Market andTechnology Assessment

,


### - Product Classes

- Baseline 

## • Screening Analysis ' •.Engineering Analysis

• ' I 

### - Equipment Efficiency and CostAnalysis

- Building EnergyUse and Electric Load Shape Characterization

6

# Discussion Topics (Cont'd) Other Analyses

- Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

- Consumer Sub-group Analysis

- National Energy Saving and Net Present Value Analysis

- Manufacturer Impact Analysis

- Employment Impact Analysis

- Utility Impact Analysis

- Environmental Analysis

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# Discussion Topics (Cont'd)

. ...• '1 .•..:....**"ftf:l:·~~:tr~"~"?~:r·;:; ~**  ..:.[.' : :'>;" : .....: ..' . 

## • OtherAnalyses

- Life-Cycle CostAnalysis

- Consumer Sub-group Analysis

- National Energy Saving andNet Present Value Analysis

- Manufacturer ImpactAnalysis

- Employment ImpactAnalysis

- Utility Impact Analysis

- Environmental Analysis

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# *i; Next Steps
Srl. iT.H..:.... :,.:... - . 

## * Workshop comments (due 10/12/01) * Data collection * Determine whether to adopt ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 levels or initiate a standards rulemaking

- Possible rulemaking schedule * ANOPR (01/03) * NOPR (01/04) * Final Rule (08/04) , I

I " 

# Next Steps**~** • .'. .,"..:.." 1, •**~** •**~~7::·;·::.~:·:·~·.~.:->:.·** : .. 

## • Workshop comments (due 10/12/01) 

## • Datacollection • Determine whether to adopt ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 levels or initiate a standards rulemaking

- Possible rulemaking schedule • ANOPR'(Ol/03) • NOPR (01/04) • Final Rule (08/04)

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