By Mail: Office of Regulations and Interpretations,

Employee Benefits Security Administration

Room M-5655

U.S. Dept. of Labor

200 Constitution Avenue NW

Washington D.C. 20210

Re: Re-Examination of Claims Procedure Regulations for Plans Providing 

Disability Benefits

RIN No.: 1210-AB39

Regulation: 29 C.F.R. §2560.503

To the DOL and EBSA:

I am writing to discourage the Department from modifying or further delaying the final 

disability claims regulations (Final Regulation on Claims Procedure for Plans Providing 

Disability Benefits, 81 Fed. Reg. 92316 (Dec. 19, 2016)) that are now scheduled to go 

into effect on April 1, 2018. 

I am an attorney in Chicago that routinely represents individuals applying for disability

insurance and appealing denials of those claims. Our office works with the claims 

departments on a routine basis. I have first-hand experience of the value of the current 

claims regulations to disabled individuals and eagerly anticipate the new, fairer 

regulations to take effect. 

While I am grateful for the opportunity to comment on the Department’s re-examination 

of the costs of the final rules governing disability claims, the concerns raised by the 

industry are not new. Rather, these objections appear to be simply re-argument of the 

merits of the final rules. Where those rules are based on policy choices that have been 

made by Congress, by this Department, and by the federal courts interpreting ERISA, 

another argument about the merits is unnecessary. 

Nevertheless, I will address the objections that have been raised that I feel are most in 

need of a response

Costs Will Not Increase

The industry claims if the final rules go into effect there will be an increase in costs that 

will increase premiums resulting in less access to disability benefits. These assertions do 

not ring true. 

This costs argument was made in various industry comments to the proposed rules before 

final adoption. The Department concluded that costs would not outweigh the benefits. 

The current cry of increasing costs is an argument that has already been considered and 
rejected. An agency is not required to "conduct a formal cost-benefit analysis in which 

each advantage and disadvantage is assigned a monetary value." Michigan v. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 135 S. Ct. 1699, 2711 (2015). 

Nonetheless, the Department has asked for data addressing whether costs increased in 

response to the last set of rules applying to ERISA disability plans that became effective 

in 2002. In fact, the Department can rely upon information supplied by its own Bureau of 

Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-4/disability-insurance-plans.htm.

The data shows that access and participation in employer-based disability insurance has 

increased, not decreased, between 1999 and 2014. This increase occurred despite that 

employment in the service industry has increased, an industry in which employees are the 

least likely to have access to employer-based disability coverage. This increase also 

occurred despite the 2000 disability claims regulations and a series of court decisions 

addressing conflicted decision-making, deemed exhaustion, the need to discuss and 

explain adverse benefits decisions, and the participants right to respond to new evidence. 

I would therefore be suspicious of any data supplied by the industry now that suggests 

employers would abandon disability coverage due to the costs of codifying these 

principles. This BLS document also demonstrates that the cost of disability insurance is 

extremely modest. Thus, even if costs did increase, the increase would be so small that it 

is unlikely to make any difference. 

The Department has also asked for data about whether disability premiums increased in 

response to the adoption of statutory bans on discretionary language clauses in disability 

policies by some states. Notably, during the time period of the BLS study, many states 

enacted discretionary clause bans. This includes but is not limited to Arkansas Admin. 

Code 054.00.101-4 (2013); Cal. Ins. Code §10110.6 (2012); Colo. Rev. Stat. §16-3-1116 

(2008); 50 Ill. Admin. Codes 2001.3 (2005); Md. Code ann. Ins. §12-211; Mich. Admin. 

Codes. R. 500.2201-2202 (2007); R.I. Gen. Law §§ 27-18-79; Tex. Admin. Code 

§3.1202-1203; Tex. Ins. Code §1701.062, §1701.002 (2011); WAC §284-96-012 (2009). 

Notwithstanding these statutory developments, access and participation in disability plans 

increased according to the BLS data.

Also, during the period covered by the BLS document, two major insurers with 

significant market share, UNUM and CIGNA, were examined by the states for poor 

claims handling and became subject to fines and Regulatory Settlement Agreements that 

raised the bar for their claims administration. 

http://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/publications_reports/exam_rpts/2004/unum_multista

te/unum_multistate.html;

http://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/publications reports/exam rpts/2009/pdf/cigna mcr

eport 2009.pdf. 

https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press releases/2013/release044-13.cfm. 

Nonetheless, during this period access and participation increased. 
Given this history, I dispute any claim that costs will increase in response to the modest 

changes in the final rules. Accordingly, I urge the Department not to change the final 

rules in response to the industry’s strained logic that the costliness of the final rules will 

impact access to disability benefits in the workplace. 

 

The Benefits Outweigh the Costs

The Department is not required to avoid all regulations that affect the market in some 

way. Mkt. Synergy Grp. v. United States Dep't of Labor, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 163663, 

2016 WL 6948061 (D. Kan. 11/28/2016). As well, it is not clear that, whatever the costs 

of the final rules, they would outweigh the benefits. The Department has already 

articulated its purposes – to make sure claims are fairly adjudicated and to prevent 

unnecessary financial and emotional hardship. The Department should ignore the 

industry's invitation to abandon these purposes. Moreover, these benefits cannot be 

outweighed by costs where the ERISA process is already so slanted in favor of the plan 

administrators. 

ERISA disability claimants who are denied their benefits face a process that is far below 

the standard for regular civil disputes. These procedural hurdles include: (1) there are no 

jury trials; (2) there is a closed record from the claims process that can rarely be 

supplemented in litigation; (3) courts often apply an unfavorable standard of review, and 

(4) there are no remedies to discourage unfair and self-serving behavior on the part of 

plans. This will never be a level playing field much less one that favors plan participants. 

United States v. Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2017 WL 5586728, at *7 (D.Mass.

11/20, 2017)("The insurance industry found it could largely immunize itself from suit due 

to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”).) Even with the final rules 

in place, plan participants will not have achieved the “higher-than-marketplace 

standards” that the Supreme Court insists are required in processing ERISA claims. 

MetLife v. Glenn, 554 U.S. 105, 115 (2008). Any consideration the Department makes 

about the benefits of the final rules relative to costs should take this “higher-thanmarketplace” expectation into account and acknowledge that ERISA exists to protect 

plan participants. 

The Department has already acknowledged that the disability claims industry has been 

needlessly adversarial toward ERISA disability plan participants and has received many 

comments to that effect. The industry's argument that the final rules are bad for 

participants – despite all evidence to the contrary - cannot be taken seriously. The 

industry is not a credible advocate for participants. 

Furthermore, from the perspective of plan participants, an inexpensive but illusory 

disability plan is worse than no plan at all. It is important to note that when a 

disability claimant is unfairly denied benefits that he/she thought was promised through 

an employer's plan, it is too late to go out and purchase private individual insurance to 
cover the risk of becoming destitute. Disabled claimants are often shocked when they are 

told about ERISA's procedural hurdles. 

Many claimants are also led by the insurer to believe the insurer will proactively assist 

with the application of their claim. Yet when we are hired to assist with an appeal, we 

often find that requests for medical records are not sent, doctors are not called and asked 

about their return-to-work opinion, and file reviews are completed in a conclusory, 

slipshod manner. We understand that mistakes are made and the onus falls on the insured 

to provide proof of loss – we are just looking for a modicum of protection against

outwardly hostile, bad faith behavior (for example, by allowing the claimant the last word

before a final decision is rendered). The new regulations are designed to address this. 

So, to the extent that increased protections bring disability claims administration in line 

with the reasonable expectations of the employee-participants, the costs are outweighed 

by the benefits. If there are costs associated with the final regulations, these costs could 

and should be tolerated in the name of supplying a modicum of protection for plan 

participants. 

Requiring the Plan to Discuss the Basis for Disagreement with Social Security 

Decisions or Other Contrary Opinions is Not Costly.

This rule merely requires disability plans to observe a fundamental due process principle 

that is imbedded in ERISA—namely the principle that a claimant is entitled to a wellarticulated explanation for the adverse benefits decision so that the participant may fairly 

dispute it. The 2000 regulations require no less. 

As the Department has already noted, it is doubtful that there are costs associated with the 

requirement of discussing the reasons for disagreeing with a favorable Social Security 

decision. ERISA disability benefits have always been deeply intertwined with the Social 

Security system and mostly are simply supplemental to Social Security benefits. Most

disability plans require claimants to apply for the SSA benefit, and the plans usually 

provide representation for claimants before the SSA. This is done so that the plan may 

take advantage of the plan term that the SSDI benefit will offset the LTD benefit. Indeed, 

in many cases the ERISA disability benefit is de minimis or non-existent once this offset 

is taken. In order to decide which claimants qualify for this representation, plan claims 

handlers need to know the standard that the SSA uses. Comment #114, p.8 (ACLI). 

Disability claims administrators’ operational manuals devote many pages to deciding 

whether the claimant is disabled enough to be referred to counsel for representation 

before the Social Security Administration, and how to offset or recover the benefits once 

they are successful, and how to express all of this to the claimant. 
To the extent that the industry argues that increasing the cost of disability insurance will 

burden the government, and more specifically the SSA, the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

publication speaks to this: 

It is important to note that expanding access to employer-provided 

disability insurance would not necessarily relieve the burden on 

SSDI. The ability to access disability insurance does not affect a worker’s 

eligibility for SSDI. People can receive SSDI benefits and long-term 

disability payments, but the private disability insurance payment is usually 

reduced by the amount of the SSDI payment. 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-4/disability-insurance-plans.htm.

Additionally, the disability plans and insurers are required in many jurisdictions to 

discuss why they are denying a disability claim when the Social Security Administration 

awarded benefits under an obviously more strenuous standard. Montour v. Hartford Life 

& Acc.Ins Co., 588 F.3d 623, 635-637 (9th Cir. 2009); Salomaa v. Honda Long Term 

Disability Plan, 642 F.3d 666, 679 (9th Cir. 2011); Bennett v. Kemper Nat. Services Inc., 

514 F.3d 547, 553-554 (6th Cir. 2008); Brown v. Hartford Life Ins. Co., 301 F. App'x 

777, 776 (10th Cir. 2008). As a matter of Supreme Court precedent, it is arbitrary and 

capricious for the claims administrator to advocate for Social Security benefits, reap the 

benefit of the Social Security award by means of an offset, and then ignore the SSA’s 

determination. Metropolitan Life v. Glenn, 554 U.S. 105 (2008). As the industry 

comments often acknowledged, requiring an explanation of the reasons for disagreeing 

with the Social Security decision and other contrary evidence tracks the existing standard. 

Logically, it should not increase costs to simply codify this standard. 

A rule clarifying that an explanation of the basis for disagreeing with a Social Security 

decision is a requirement will increase uniformity and predictability in the process, which 

is generally associated with costs savings and not cost increases. 

The Deemed Exhausted Rule is Not Costly

The industry’s concern about this rule seems to be that plaintiffs and their attorneys will 

race into court, increasing the volume of ERISA litigation and hence the overall costs of 

administering disability claims. This is incorrect. Plaintiff’s attorneys are ever mindful 

of building a record on which the court will make its decision and therefore would rather 

engage in the appeal process and exhaust internal remedies. This serves the dual purpose 

of possibly resolving the dispute and creating a record for the court to review in case the 

dispute cannot be resolved internally. Under the final rule, the plaintiff will mostly 

obtain a remand with instructions for the plan to do its job. Because plaintiff’s attorneys 

usually work on a contingent fee basis, it does not make sense to undertake litigation that 

is not absolutely necessary and that will not result in resolving the case on the merits. 
Further, a court will only award attorney fees for litigation where the plaintiff has 

achieved some degree of success on the merits. Hardt v. Reliance Standard Life Ins. Co., 

560 U.S. 242, 255 (2010). In other words, the industry comments are seriously out of 

step with litigation in the real world and how the incentives are aligned to discourage 

litigation. While this rule may appear to create additional trips to court, it will not do so 

except in the most extreme cases. I take it that addressing these extreme cases is the 

purpose of the final deemed denied rule. 

Additionally, as with most of the other final rules, this rule is simply a codification of 

existing judge-made law. Claimants are already able to get into court when the claims 

process has failed them in a meaningful way. See e.g. Brown v. J.B. Hunt Transp. Servs., 

586 F.3d 1079, 1085-86 (8th Cir. 2009) (failure to respond to request for documents 

excused claims from exhaustion requirement because there was no full and fair review). 

It is not likely that additional costs will result from this regulation. Hall v. National 

Gypsum Co., 105 F.3d 225, 231-32 (5th Cir. 1997); LaAsmar v. Phelps Dodge Corp. Life, 

605 F.3d 789 (10th Cir. 2010); Nichols v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 406 F.3d 98 (2d Cir. 

2005); Jebian v. Hewlett-Packard Co. Employee. Benefits Org. Income Prot. Plan, 349 

F.3d 1098 (9th Cir. 2003); Dunnigan v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 277 F.3d 223, 231 n.5 

(2d Cir. 2002). 

Providing the Right to Review and Respond to New Evidence or Rationale From the 

Plan During the Appeal Review is Not Costly.

This rule is fundamental to full and fair review. The Department has already 

acknowledged the importance of this rule and that it is already the standard in some 

jurisdictions. The industry complains that providing the claimant with new evidence or

rationales before making a final decision is costly. The industry’s claim to cost impact is 

suspect for several reasons. 

First, several disability plans or insurers already provide for the right to review and 

respond. They do so on a voluntary basis, as their comments to the proposed rules 

showed. Second, courts require plans or insurers to do this in many cases. Last, whether 

they provide this information to the claimant during the ERISA appeal process, they will 

have to provide it eventually in one form or another. New reasons or evidence will need 

to be included in the claim file and likely again in 26(a)(1) disclosures. Thus, the 

industry's portrayal of the chaos that might ensue if they were required to supply these 

documents is not credible. If the issue is the cost of mailing, such a concern should not 

be permitted to interfere with such basic a due process right. 

It is important to note what this rule does. It permits a claimant to respond to a disability 

claims administrator’s assertions in a way that will make the response a part of the record 

if the claimant has to go to court to vindicate his/her rights. This is because most ERISA 
cases are decided on a closed record. Without this rule, the claims administrator’s new 

evidence or rationale will be included in the record that the court reviews, but the 

claimant’s rebuttal will not. Perhaps what the industry is really chafing about is the loss 

of its ability to strategically withhold information that would help the claimant achieve 

reversal or win his/her case in court. 

There is no question in my mind, after years of experience representing ERISA 

claimants, that the ability to sandbag the claimant with a new medical opinion that he/she

cannot refute, or a new plan provision to rely upon that he/she cannot counter, is a prized 

device in the disability claims industry. The final rule needs to be kept in place to prevent 

the insurers from stamping out otherwise meritorious disability claims. 

We were recently forced to file suit in a case where the doctor reviewing on appeal 

clearly indicated restrictions that rendered the claimant disabled. Nonetheless, claims 

department upheld its decision without allowing our firm to review and address the 

report, requiring us to file suit. The suit quickly settled – at an extra cost to the judiciary

and the participant. See, Stano v. Life Ins. Co. of N.A., Case No. 1:16-cv-10158 (N.D. Ill., 

filed October 28, 2016) (enclosed). That outcome could have been easily avoided with 

the protections afforded by the final rules. 

If the industry’s concern is that the claims handlers need to do more in the same amount 

of time, this could be addressed by modifying the rule instead of eliminating the rule 

altogether. Commenters from both sides have suggested as much. 

I also dispute the industry’s comments to the effect that a second appeal, which is offered 

with some plans, serves the same purpose as the right to respond to new evidence or 

rationales before a final decision. This is clearly not true, as a second appeal permits the 

claims administrators the same sandbagging opportunity as the first appeal. Second 

appeals are not necessarily a boon to plan participants. Additionally, second appeals are 

not universal and are not required. The second appeals that the industry touts are a matter 

of plan design and can be changed at any time by plan sponsors. It may be that second 

appeals will become obsolete where the claimant has a true right to respond. 

Other Provisions

The Impartiality Rule

Few industry commenters complained about the proposed rule requiring that consulting 

experts be impartial. Comment #76 (UNUM), Comment #92 (NFL), Comment #129 

(AHIP). This muted objections are understandable, since it is hard to argue that disability 

claims administrators should be free to hire biased experts. The majority of those who 
object to this rule admitted that the proposed rule reflects the existing law. Comment 

#76, (UNUM), Comment #92 (NFL). The industry complaints seem to be based on the 

fear of increased litigation, particularly in the form of discovery. First, federal judges are 

well versed at limiting discovery in ERISA cases in proportion to the needs of the case.

See e.g. Paquin v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. 2017 WL 3189550 (D. Colo. 7/10/2017); 

Heartsill v. Ascension Alliance, 2017 WL 2955008 (E.D. Mo. 7/11/2017; Ashmore v. 

NFL Player Disability and Neurocognitive Benefit Plan, 2017 WL 4342197 (S.D. Fla. 

9/27/2017); Baty v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 2017 WL 4516825 (D. Kan. 10/10/2017); 

Harding v. Hartford Life and Accident Ins. Co., 2017 WL 1316264 (N.D. Ill. 4/10/2017); 

Hancock v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 321 F.R.D. 383 (W.D. Wash. 2017); Kroll v. Kaiser 

Foundation Health Plan Long Term Disability Plan, 2009 WL 3415678 (N.D. Cal. 

10/22/2009). Next, if the impartiality rule is already the law, it is not clear how more 

discovery would result from codifying it. Additionally, the credibility of experts who are 

opining on whether a claimant qualifies for benefits should be subject to some sort of 

scrutiny. If a claimant needs to conduct discovery into whether a physician hired by the 

administrator is well-known to support denials, the cost of conducting this discovery 

cannot possibly outweigh the benefits. ERISA claimants are entitled to a process that 

does not have a predetermined outcome based on which reviewing physician is hired by 

the plan. This final rule addresses a serious problem in the ERISA disability claims 

process and should remain. 

The Rule Requiring Disclosure of any Internal Limitations Period

Few industry commenters focused on the final rule requiring claims administrators to 

provide the claimant with the date when any internal time limit for filing suit will expire. 

I am assuming, therefore, that these objectors are not claiming that this rule has a cost 

impact. The claims administrators are in a position to satisfy this rule, since the 

expiration date of an internal limitations period is essentially a plan term that should be 

accessible to the plan administrator and not be hidden from unsuspecting plan 

participants. As with most of the final rules, information respecting the period of 

limitations is required to be disclosed in several jurisdictions, so it is unlikely to incur 

additional costs to create uniformity. Santana-Diaz v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 816 F.3d 172, 

179 (1st Cir. 2016); Moyer v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 762 F. 3 503, 505 (6th Cir. 2014); 

Mirza v. Ins. Adm'r of America, Inc., 800 F. 3d 129, 134 (3d Cir. 2015). 

The Rule Requiring Disclosure of Internal Guidelines

Few commenters objected to the proposed rule requiring claims administrator to disclose 

internal guidelines or certify that none exist. Comment #50 (DRI), Comments #76 

(UNUM). These commenters complained that internal guidelines tend to be procedural 

rather than substantive, implying that the guidelines are irrelevant. As this lengthy 

rulemaking process has shown, procedure affects substantive outcomes. So even if 

internal guidelines are procedural, that is no reason to withhold those guidelines from 

claimants. The disclosure of claims manuals and internal guidelines, which often contain 

additional plan terms that are hidden from the ERISA participants, will ultimately cut 
down on litigation, since discovery of these documents is often disputed. See Glista v. 

Unum Life Ins. Co. Of Am., 378 F.3d 113, 123-125 (1st Cir. 2004); Mullins v. AT&T 

Corp., 290 Fed. Appx. 642, 646 (4th Cir. 2008). 

Very Truly Yours,

William Reynolds

DeBofsky, Sherman & Casciari, PC

200 W Madison St, Suite 2670

Chicago, IL 60606

312-561-4040

Encl. 

 William Reynolds
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

EASTERN DIVISION

H STANO, )

)

Plaintiff, )

)

 v. ) No. 

)

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY )

OF NORTH AMERICA, )

)

Defendant. )

COMPLAINT

Now comes the Plaintiff, H STANO, by her attorneys, MARK D. DEBOFSKY, 

WILLIAM T. REYNOLDS, and DEBOFSKY, SHERMAN & CASCIARI, P.C., and complaining 

against the defendant, LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA, she states:

Count I

Nature of Action

1. Jurisdiction of the court is based upon the Employee Retirement Income Security 

Act of 1974 (“ERISA”); and in particular, 29 U.S.C. §§ 1132(e)(1) and 1132(f). Those provisions 

give the district court jurisdiction to hear civil actions brought to recover benefits due under the 

terms of an employee welfare benefit plan, which, in this case, consists of a group-long term 

disability (“LTD”) insurance policy (“the Policy”), underwritten and administered by Life 

Insurance Company of North America (“LINA”), for the benefit of employees of Alexian Brothers 

Health System, which includes Plaintiff. Additionally, this action may be brought before this court 

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1331, which gives the district court jurisdiction over actions that arise under 

the laws of the United States. 

2. The ERISA statute provides, at 29 U.S.C. § 1133, a mechanism for administrative 

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 1 of 9 PageID #:1
2

or internal appeal of benefit denials. Those avenues of appeal have been exhausted. 

3. Venue is proper in the Northern District of Illinois. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(e)(2); 28 

U.S.C. § 1391.

Nature of the Action

4. This is a claim seeking recovery of disability benefits claimed to be due under an 

employee welfare benefit plan, which provided insured long-term disability benefits under policy 

number LK-961924 (“the Policy”). This action is brought pursuant to ERISA § 502(a)(1)(B) (29 

U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B)). Plaintiff also seeks attorneys’ fees pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g) and 

ERISA § 502(g).

The Parties

5. The plaintiff, H STANO (“Stano” or “Plaintiff”), age 64 (born in 1952), is 

a resident of Lake in the Hills, McHenry County, Illinois and was employed in Elk Grove Village, 

Cook County, Illinois.

6. The defendant, LINA, was at all times relevant hereto doing business throughout 

the United States and within the Northern District of Illinois, and delivered coverage to Plaintiff 

in the State of Illinois. 

Statement of Facts

7. From September 1986 until June 13, 2012, Stano was successfully employed as a 

Nurse with Alexian Brothers Medical Center in Elk Grove Village, Illinois.

8. As a benefit of her employment with Alexian Brothers, Plaintiff received long-term 

disability coverage under a group disability insurance policy administered by Defendant. The 

Policy defines the term “Disabled” as follows:

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 2 of 9 PageID #:2
3

The Employee is considered Disabled if, solely because of Injury or Sickness, he 

or she is:

1. Unable to perform the material duties of his or her Regular Occupation; and

2. Unable to earn 80% or more of his or her Indexed Earnings from working 

in his or her Regular Occupation.

After Disability Benefits have been payable for 24 months, the Employee is 

considered Disabled if, solely due to Injury or Sickness, he or she is:

1. Unable to perform the material duties of any occupation for which he or she 

is, or may reasonably become, qualified based on education, training or 

experience; and

2. Unable to earn 60% or more of his or her Indexed Earnings. 

The Insurance Company will require proof of earnings and continued Disability. 

(A true and correct copy of the entire policy of the disability insurance is attached hereto and 

incorporated herein as Exhibit “A”.).

9. On June 13, 2012, Plaintiff was forced to leave work due to the combination of 

several worsening physical and psychiatric impairments including spinal stenosis, rheumatoid 

arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, bilateral plantar fasciitis, right-sided facet joint disease, bursitis and 

tendinitis of the bilateral Achilles tendons, depression, and anxiety. Those conditions have and 

continue to cause chronic, diffuse pain in Stano’s back, legs, feet, and arms, musculoskeletal pain 

and stiffness, severe fatigue, neurological weakness of the legs, unstable mood, and other related 

symptoms.

10. After she ceased working, Stano submitted a timely claim for disability insurance 

benefits to LINA. LINA found Stano eligible for short term disability (“STD”) benefits on July 9, 

2012 and paid STD benefits through that policy’s exhaustion period on November 12, 2012. 

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 3 of 9 PageID #:3
4

11. After STD benefits were exhausted, LINA subsequently approved Plaintiff’s claim

for long term disability (“LTD”) benefits under the terms of the Policy in the amount of $3,837 

per month. LINA continued to pay LTD benefits without interruption through December 11, 2014.

12. While LINA was paying LTD benefits, it encouraged Stano to apply for Social 

Security Disability Insurance (“SSDI”) benefits. LINA offered Stano assistance in applying for 

SSDI benefits by referring her to a vendor for representation and by agreeing to pay that 

representative’s fee in the event of an award of SSDI benefits.

13. On March 21, 2013, Stano’s application for SSDI benefits was approved by the

Social Security Administration following the Agency’s review of independent medical 

examination reports and records and opinion from Stano’s treating physicians. The award signified

that she was incapable of “any gainful activity” – the definition of “disabled” under Social Security 

Act, 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A) – due to the combination of her severe impairments.

14. As a result of Stano’s SSDI award, the Policy permitted LINA to reduce the amount 

of Stano’s monthly LTD benefit at a dollar-for-dollar rate in accordance with her SSDI monthly 

benefit amount, from $3,837 per month to $1,976 per month. LINA was also able to recover 

approximately $11,000 in overpaid LTD benefits from Stano based upon the retroactive award.

15. Stano’s physical condition continued to deteriorate after her disability began. On 

September 4, 2013, rheumatologist Andrew Jasek, M.D. found that she had diminished range of 

motion in the lumbar spine, abnormal Schober’s test, discomfort on internal rotation of both hips, 

slightly enlarged left wrist, and swollen feet. On December 18, 2013, Dr. Jasek’s treatment notes 

explicitly stated that Stano’s condition was continuing to worsen and was unresponsive to 

treatment. On April 9, 2014, laboratory analysis showed Ms. Stano suffering from low white blood 

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 4 of 9 PageID #:4
5

cell counts, low mean cell hemoglobin concentration, low anion gap differential, low creatinine 

levels, low thyroid stimulating hormone, high cholesterol, and high rheumatoid factor. 

16. On April 12, 2014, Ms. Stano reported to LINA in a Disability Questionnaire that 

she completed at LINA’s request that she suffered from constant lower back pain, hip pain that 

increases with increased activities, hand numbness, difficulty bending, general weakness, 

tiredness, hand weakness, difficulty holding objects, difficulty walking, difficulty sitting, 

dizziness, difficulty sleeping, and difficulty coping with stress. She also reported that she walks 

short distances and requires the use of handrails. Records from Dr. Janek dated April 16, 2014 

indicated diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, plantar fasciitis bilateral, and 

Achilles bursitis/tendinitis. 

17. On July 28, 2014, physical therapist Rachel Viel, MSPT, examined Ms. Stano and 

reported observing the following: a slow gait pattern, single sidestepped stair climbing and 

descending, standing and sitting with decreased lumbar lordosis, grossly decreased active trunk 

range of motion by 50% in all directions, decreased bilateral lower extremity strength with

cogwheeling present at all joints, grossly decreased active cervical range of motion by 50%, and 

an inability to lift any weight because it was too painful.

18. On October 28, 2014, LINA sent notice to Ms. Stano that her LTD benefits would 

terminate beyond the Policy’s change to the any occupation definition of disability on December 

11, 2014. LINA based its decision upon a Transferrable Skills Analysis that asserted Ms. Stano 

could work as a Cardiac Monitor Technician, Contact Representative, or Nurse Consultant with 

the following prescribed functional limitations: rare to occasional standing and walking, 

occasional fine and course gripping, grasping, and manipulating, and no reaching overhead, 

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 5 of 9 PageID #:5
6

climbing, repetitive wrist movements, crouching, crawling, or kneeling. In reaching its decision, 

LINA only considered two physical therapy notes dated April 16, 2014 and July 8, 2014. 

19. On November 10, 2014, laboratory testing again showed that Ms. Stano’s 

rheumatoid factor was elevated. Additional laboratory testing completed November 28, 2014 

further showed high levels of chloride, low anion gap differential, low Albumin/Globulin ratio, 

high aspartate aminotransferase test (SGOT) level, high cholesterol, low thyroid-stimulating 

hormone level, high level of hemoglobin A1C, and a low white blood cell count. A pelvic MRI 

completed December 15, 2014 further revealed: (1) hyperplastic marrow of the visualized 

lumbosacral spine, sacrum, and coccyx probably indicating; (2) significant degenerative changes 

of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 discs with disc space narrowing, desiccation of the disc, and end plate 

signal abnormalities; (3) mild right L5 foraminal compromise; and (4) a 9 mm Tarlov/perineural 

cyst in the left of the midline at S1/S2. 

20. On June 9, 2015, Plaintiff, through counsel, submitted an appeal of LINA’s 

decision to terminate benefits. Included with the appeal were a medical assessment questionnaire 

completed by Dr. Monika Rolek, updated medical records, witness statement letters, 

commendation letters from former patients, and vocational information detailing the demands of 

the occupations LINA identified Ms. Stano as capable of performing. 

21. Despite the submission of this irrefutable information, LINA upheld its decision to 

terminate Plaintiff’s LTD benefits in a letter dated November 24, 2015. At no point during the 

time it was paying benefits or during the initial claim appeal process did LINA exercise its 

authority to have Ms. Stano examined by a neutral third-party physician. 

22. On May 9, 2016, Plaintiff, through counsel, submitted a second appeal of LINA’s 

decision to terminate her benefits. Included with the second appeal were an updated, expanded 

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 6 of 9 PageID #:6
7

residual functional capacity questionnaire form from Dr. Rolek, updated medical records, a full 

copy of her SSA claim file, and copies of the 2013 Regulatory Settlement Agreement that LINA 

entered in to with the state insurance commissioners in which it pledged to adhere to certain claim 

handling processes including full consideration of awards of SSDI benefits and providing full, 

thorough, and fair evaluation of all claims.

23. Upon submission of her second appeal of LTD benefits, LINA, for the first time, 

compelled Stano to undergo a medical examination. Although Plaintiff’s counsel twice requested 

to review a copy of IME examiner Dr. Ibrahim Sadek’s report prior to LINA’s final determination, 

LINA refused to provide the report or give Plaintiff an opportunity to respond. It was only after 

the final claim appeal denial that Defendant produced the examination report.

24. On August 4, 2016, LINA upheld its termination of Stano’s LTD benefits. 

Purportedly relying upon Dr. Sadek’s findings, LINA claimed Stano retained the following 

functional capacity:

Given the above findings, your client would be capable of the following activities 

throughout an 8-hour workday:

• Constant: seeing, hearing

• Frequent: sitting, reaching at desk level, bilateral fine manipulation and simple 

grasping

• Occasional: stand, walk, reaching below waist, lifting/carrying/pushing/pulling 

up to 10 pounds, using lower extremities for foot controls

• Not able: reaching overhead, bilateral firm grasping, climbing stairs/ladders, 

balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching, crawling

This determination is in direct contrast to the actual findings of Dr. Sadek, who stated in his report:

Ms. Stano in my opinion is physically functionally impaired from December 11, 

2014 and ongoing. Although her condition seems to have been somewhat stabilized 

during that period, she continues to suffer from severe lower lumbar spine 

degenerative disease mostly at L4-5 and L5-S1 with severe spinal stenosis and 

foraminal narrowing as evidenced by several MRI reports. Also multiple joint pain, 

stiffness and limitation to range of motion mostly involving both shoulders, and 

knees and to a lesser extend both hips, with diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis with

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 7 of 9 PageID #:7
8

positive rheumatoid factor causing her severe stiffness in gait and movement. She 

also has significant weakness to both upper and lower extremities as evidenced by 

her examination today.

Work restrictions would be medically necessary as claimant cannot sit and/or stand 

more than 10-15 minutes, must change positions frequently, with limitations to her 

lifting, carrying, pushing, pulling and other maneuvers as detailed in the physical 

abilities assessment form. This opinion is based on my professional experience, my 

review of medical records, and today's examination.

(A true and correct copy of the entire IME report is attached hereto and incorporated herein as 

Exhibit “B”).

25. LINA termination of Stano’s LTD benefits was and remains against the weight of 

the medical evidence and is in direct contrast to the opinion of its own hired examining doctor. 

LINA’s decision to terminate Plaintiff’s LTD benefits was therefore the product of biased claims 

handling and was the result of a conflict of interest rooted in unfounded and unsupported file 

reviews performed by non-consulting physicians and vocational analysts routinely contracted by 

LINA and by an erroneous and biased interpretation and misstatement of Dr. Sadek’s findings. 

Stano thus remains entitled to LTD benefits due since December 11, 2014 plus any interest that 

has accrued thereon; and she is also entitled to a declaration of rights that her benefits remain 

payable thereafter so long as she continues to meet the Policy’s terms and conditions. 

26. All avenues of administrative appeal to LINA have now been exhausted, and this 

matter is therefore ripe for adjudication. 

Relief Sought

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays for the following relief:

A. That the court enter judgment in Plaintiff’s favor and against the Defendant and 

that the court order the Defendant to pay all accrued long-term disability benefits to Plaintiff in an 

amount equal to the contractual amount of benefits to which she is entitled from December 11, 

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 8 of 9 PageID #:8
9

2014s to the present;

B. That the Court order the Defendant to pay Plaintiff compounding prejudgment 

interest on all contractual benefits that have accrued prior to the date of judgment in accordance 

with 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B) or 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3);

C. That the Court order Defendant to continue paying Plaintiff LTD benefits in an 

amount equal to the contractual amount of benefits to which she is entitled through the Policy’s 

Maximum Benefit Period, so long as she continues to meet the policy conditions for continuance 

of benefits;

D. That the Court award Plaintiff her attorney’s fees pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g); 

and

E. That Plaintiff be awarded any and all other contractual and/or equitable relief to 

which she may be entitled, as well as the costs of suit.

October 28, 2016 Respectfully Submitted,

Mark D. DeBofsky 

One of the Plaintiff’s Attorneys

Mark D. DeBofsky

William T. Reynolds

DeBofsky, Sherman & Casciari, P.C.

200 West Madison St, Suite 2670

Chicago, IL 60606

(312) 235-4880 (phone)

(312) 929-0309 (fax)

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 9 of 9 PageID #:9
EXHIBIT A 

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 1 of 35 PageID #:10



Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 5 of 35 PageID #:14

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 7 of 35 PageID #:16

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 9 of 35 PageID #:18

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 11 of 35 PageID #:20

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 13 of 35 PageID #:22

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 15 of 35 PageID #:24

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 17 of 35 PageID #:26

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 19 of 35 PageID #:28

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 21 of 35 PageID #:30

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 23 of 35 PageID #:32

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 25 of 35 PageID #:34

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 27 of 35 PageID #:36

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 29 of 35 PageID #:38

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 31 of 35 PageID #:40

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 33 of 35 PageID #:42

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-1 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 35 of 35 PageID #:44
EXHIBIT B 

Case: 1:16-cv-10158 Document #: 1-2 Filed: 10/28/16 Page 1 of 15 PageID #:45