REPORT TO CONGRESS


STATUS OF FISHERIES OF THE


UNITED STATES


PREPARED BY


NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE


JANUARY 2001

Report on the Status of Fisheries of the United States 

Table of Contents 

Executive Summary 1


Introduction 2


Listing of Stocks 3


Major and Minor Stocks 4


Format Changes 4


Results 5


Overfishing 5


Overfished 5


Approaching an Overfished Condition 5


Major and Minor Stocks 6


Rebuilding Programs 6


Specific Stock Determinations 7

List of Tables and Appendices 

Table 1. Summary of Stocks by Council Area, 1999 and 2000 10


Table 2. Description of Major and Minor Stocks by Council, 2000 12


Table 3. 	 Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in the 14


Management Unit in Federal Fishery Management Plans


Table 4.	 Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in Federal Fishery


Management Plans, But Not Contained in the Management Unit 77


Table 5. 	 Summary of Stock Status for Species not Contained in Federal 78


Fishery Management Plans 


Table 6. 	 Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans 81


Under Development 


App. 1.	 Report Format and Policy Changes and Description of 83


Methodology for Determining Overfishing Status


App. 2.	 Overfishing Definitions Contained in Federal Fishery 88


Management Plans


App. 3.	 Overfishing Definitions for Species not Contained in Federal 114


Fishery Management Plans


App. 4.	 Overfishing Definitions from Fishery Management Plans 115


under Development


App. 5.	 Six Tiers Comprising the Overfishing Definition for Gulf of 117


Alaska and Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish


App. 6. Acronyms used in Appendices 119

REPORT TO CONGRESS ON STATUS OF FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

The Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA), Public Law 104-297 of October 11, 1996, reauthorized and 

amended the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA). The 

reauthorized MSA requires the Secretary of Commerce to report to Congress annually on the status 

of fisheries within each Council’s geographical area of authority and identify those fisheries that are 

overfished or are approaching a condition of being overfished. This is the fourth annual report. 

The SFA requires the identification of overfished stocks to be based on the current overfishing 

definitions found in Fishery Management Plans (FMPs). The SFA also defined “overfished” and 

“overfishing,” and required that FMP definitions, amended to be consistent with the new statutory 

definition, be submitted to the Secretary by October 11, 1998. Many of the new definitions contained 

in FMPs have been submitted and approved consistent with the National Standard Guidelines (50 

CFR 600.305), and additional stocks have been identified as overfished. 

This report covers 905 stocks in the U.S. EEZ. Based on the criteria in the MSA, the Report on the 

Status of Fisheries finds that 72 stocks were found to have overfishing occurring (the harvest rate was 

above a prescribed threshold), 92 were determined to be overfished (the stock size was below a 

prescribed threshold). Of those stocks, 57 were found to have both overfishing occurring and to be 

overfished. 

The number of stocks that were experiencing overfishing declined from 77 in 1999 to 72 in 2000. 

Coincidentally, the stocks for which there was no overfishing increased from 159 in 1999 to 210 in 

2000. In terms of being overfished, the stocks for which the biomass was below the prescribed 

threshold increased from 64 in 1999 to 92 in 2000. Of the 37 additional stocks identified as 

overfished this year (9 were removed from the overfished list), 23 were so classified because of a 

change in the overfishing definition utilized rather than a decline in the size of the stock. While the 

stocks that are overfished increased this year, 148 stocks were determined to be not overfished, 

compared to 122 in 1999. Five stocks were determined to be approaching an overfished condition, 

the same as in 1999. 

In order to provide information on the most important stocks, this year’s report separates the stocks 

into major and minor categories. This division was based on whether a stock had annual landings of 

more than 200,000 pounds. In 2000, 287 stocks that were classified as major accounted for the vast 

majority of landings, totaling more than 8 billion pounds, compared to only 9 million pounds for the 

618 minor stocks. Forty-seven major stocks were determined to have overfishing occurring; 139 

stocks had harvesting rates below the approved threshold. Fifty-six major stocks were determined 

to be overfished and 106 were not overfished. The five stocks that were approaching an overfished 

condition were major stocks. 

Also of note is that the status of a large number of stocks continues to be classified as either unknown 

4

or undefined, i.e., an overfishing definition was not available. Of the 905 stocks in the report, the 

status of more than 600 was either unknown or was classified as undefined. The vast majority of 

these unknown or undefined stocks are classified as minor stocks. Minor stocks, in fact, accounted 

for 83 percent of the stocks whose status were either unknown or undefined, while only 17 percent 

of the unknown and undefined stocks were categorized as major. 

This report identifies 75 rebuilding programs that are either currently implemented or approved. To 

enhance understanding of the rebuilding programs in effect, this year’s report includes 31 rebuilding 

programs that were implemented prior to the enactment of SFA. Forty-four of the programs were 

approved after enactment of the SFA, however, 27 of those have not been implemented, pending 

international agreement on management programs. There are two rebuilding programs under 

Secretarial review and two under development. Five overfished stocks have not had rebuilding 

programs submitted, and one program was disapproved. 

INTRODUCTION 

This report to Congress responds to section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens FisheryConservation 

and Management Act (MSA), as amended by the Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) on October 11, 

1996: 

(1) The Secretary shall report annually to the Congress and the Councils on the status of 

fisheries within each Council’s geographic area of authority and identify those fisheries that 

are overfished or are approaching a condition of being overfished. For those fisheries 

managed under a fishery management plan or international agreement, the status shall be 

determined using the criteria for overfishing specified in such plan or agreement. A fishery 

shall be classified as approaching a condition of being overfished if, based on trends in fishing 

effort, fishery resource size, and other appropriate factors, the Secretary estimates that the 

fishery will become overfished within two years. 

This is the fourth annual report on the status of stocks and overfishing that NMFS has provided to 

Congress and the Regional Fishery Management Councils (Councils). It serves not only to describe 

the status of stocks in regards to overfishing, but also contains information on the status of rebuilding 

plans. 

As is explained in more detail below, the format and content of this year’s report have been changed, 

in response to comments received on previous reports from the Councils, NMFS Regions and Science 

Centers, and the public. More detail is provided on each stock and the basis for its classification, new 

tables summarize whether stocks are major or minor, and detailed sections on methodology for 

classification of stocks have been moved to appendices to improve overall readability. 

This year’s report is arranged around six tables. The first two provide summary information and the 

last four provide more detailed information on each listed stock and fishery management plan (FMP). 

5

Table 1. Summary of stocks by Council area, compared for 1999 and 2000.


Table 2. Description of major and minor stocks by Council for 2000.


Table 3. Stocks in a management unit identified in an FMP.


Table 4. Stocks in an FMP, but not the management unit.


Table 5. Stocks not in an FMP.


Table 6. Stocks in an FMP under development.


The tables are followed by five appendices that provide greater detail on methodology and overfishing 

definitions, as well as a guide to acronyms used in the tables. 

Appendix 1. Report format and policy changes; methodology for defining overfishing.


Appendix 2. Overfishing definitions in FMPs.


Appendix 3. Overfishing definitions for non-FMP stocks.


Appendix 4. Overfishing definitions for FMPs under development


Appendix 5. Overfishing definitions for Alaska groundfish fisheries.


Appendix 6. Acronym guide.


Listing of Stocks 

As in past reports, a substantial portion of a domestic stock must occur within the U.S. Exclusive 

Economic Zone (EEZ) for it to be identified in this report. Most stocks are managed under a Council 

or joint Council FMP. There are 40 approved and implemented federal FMPs, eight federal FMPs 

under development, and numerous other EEZ fisheries under no federal FMP. Some FMPs contain 

only one or a few stocks in the management unit, while others contain more than 100 stocks. To the 

extent possible, individual stocks for each fishery or FMP were assessed separately. 

This year’s report includes 14 new stocks. Some are in FMPs under development or are not within 

an FMP, while others have resulted from separating one stock into two or more stocks for separate 

analysis. Also, last year’s report listed seven stocks of skates not contained in FMPs. The same seven 

stocks are now in an FMP under development, and three, Brier Skate, Leopard Skate, and Smoothtailed Skate, are referred to now as Clearnose Skate, Rosette Skate, and Smooth Skate, respectively. 

Gulf of Mexico Rock Shrimp and Seabob Shrimp are no longer contained in the management unit, 

even though they are in the FMP. American Lobster is now managed by the Atlantic States Marine 

Fisheries Commission and is no longer under a Federal FMP. 

Thirteen stocks have been removed from the report. Eulachon, Capelin, and Rainbow Smelt in the 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Groundfish FMPs are now classified as 

forage fish and no longer contained in the groundfish management unit. Little Tunny was 

inadvertently listed twice in two separate tables, and is now listed only with the Coastal Migratory 

Pelagics of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic FMP. Gulf of Mexico Pigfish, Grass Porgy, 

Tomtate, Jolthead Porgy, Gulf of Alaska Bering Flounder, and Gulf of Alaska Kamchatka Flounder 

are no longer contained in the FMP or the management unit, and have been deleted from this report. 

6

Major and Minor Stocks 

This year’s report distinguishes major from minor stocks, in terms of their importance to U.S. 

fishermen and the industry. Stocks are classified based on landings data that include published and 

unpublished commercial and recreational catches from various sources. The use of landings allows 

both commercial and recreational sectors to be readily incorporated into this evaluation. The amount 

of landings reflects the size of the stock and the value assigned by the marketplace (limited landings 

may indicate a lack of a market for the stock). Based on landings for all stocks, 200,000 pounds 

appeared to be a suitable, albeit approximate, dividing line for separating major and minor stocks. 

The separation of major from minor stocks represents aninitial attempt to highlight species important 

to domestic fisheries, but for which the status remains unknown. It also could serve as a useful guide 

on where to place new research funds as they become available. 

Format Changes 

Several format changes have been made to help avoid some of the confusion experienced with the 

1999 report. They are summarized below and detailed in Appendix 1. 

1.	 Information is presented more clearly on necessary management actions and progress in 

rebuilding overfished stocks. Determinations are presented separately for those stocks where 

overfishing is occurring (fishing mortality rate is above a prescribed threshold), and for those 

stocks that are overfished (biomass is below a prescribed threshold). 

2.	 The column (titled overfished) from last year’s tables has been deleted, that provided a 

combined determination of the findings of the biomass column and the fishing mortality rate 

column. This was done to avoid confusion stemming from situations in which a stock had 

a fishing mortality rate exceeding the prescribed threshold and had a biomass that was above 

the prescribed minimum stock size threshold (MSST), but, nonetheless, was listed as 

overfished. The remaining two columns clearly distinguish between when a stock is 

overfished and when overfishing is occurring. 

3.	 Last year’s report did not distinguish between fishing mortality rate and stock size in 

determining if a stock was “approaching an overfished condition.” This year, the 

determination is based on criteria in the FMP. For some stocks, proxies for maximum 

sustainable yield (MSY) and MSST are used to determine if a stock is approaching an 

overfished condition as defined in Appendix 2. 

4.	 This year’s report divides the overfishing and overfished columns into pre- and post-SFA 

overfishing definitions to clarify the basis for making the determinations. 

5.	 This year’s report provides additional information about those stocks for which rebuilding 

programs are required. Required management actions are identified and progress in 

7

rebuilding is indicated with numbers of years the program has been in place and how long it 

is expected to last. 

6.	 A complete description of the methodology used for determining status of stocks is available 

as part of Appendix 1. 

RESULTS 

Overfishing 

The number of stocks for which harvest rates exceed the overfishing threshold declined from 77 in 

1999 to 72 in 2000. The number of stocks found to have no overfishing increased from 159 in 1999 

to 210 in 2000. The number of stocks for which harvest rates were unknown or for which overfishing 

thresholds were not defined declined from 665 in 1999 to 623 in 2000. This pattern generally held 

for stocks contained in FMPs of most Councils, although the stocks for several Councils remained 

unchanged from 1999. For stocks contained in FMPs of the New England Council and the Atlantic 

States Marine Fisheries Commission, there was a slight increase in 2000. 

Overfished 

The number of stocks determined to be overfished rose from 64 in 1999 to 92 in 2000. This resulted 

primarily from a technical change in the report rather than a sudden decline in the biomass of the 

stocks. In 1999, 23 stocks were listed as undefined because the biomass portion of the definition 

under the SFA had been disapproved. However, pre-SFA definitions remain in the FMP, and, in 

accordance with MSA requirements, should have been used in the determination of whether those 

stocks were overfished. This situation was primarily noted in the South Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, 

and Caribbean Council areas. 

While the number of overfished stocks increased in 2000, the number of stocks determined to be not 

overfished also increased. Stocks found not overfished increased from 122 in 1999, to 148 in 2000. 

Except for slight declines in Mid-Atlantic and Highly Migratory Species stocks, this increase was 

spread across all other Councils. Overall, the number of stocks for which the biomass was either 

unknown or undefined, declined by 56 to 660. In addition, there was a significant shift from stocks 

that were listed as undefined in 1999 to a listing of unknown in the South Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, 

and Caribbean Council areas this year. Most of the stocks in this group were included in definitions 

adopted prior to the SFA, but their biomass status was unknown. 

Approaching an Overfished Condition 

Five stocks were found to be “approaching an overfished condition,” the same as in 1999. The 

criterion for determining whether a stock can be placed in this category has been changed. Last year, 

a stock could have been placed in this category based on either the harvest rate or biomass. After 

reviewing the criteria this year, it was determined that essential parts of the determination were the 

8

status and trend of the stock. Unless the status of the stock was known, a determination that the stock 

would become overfished within two years could not be made with any certainty. Therefore, the 

definition for the biomass component in the FMP should be the determining criterion in evaluating 

whether a stock was approaching an overfished condition. In some cases, the pre-SFA definition 

remained in the FMP and was used as the basis for the determinations. It should also be noted that 

the number of stocks in the “Approaching Overfished Condition” column for 2000 should always be 

added to the “Overfished” columns to arrive at a final total, because all determinations are based on 

the stock size or equivalent. 

Major and Minor Stocks 

In 2000, major stocks accounted for thevast majority of landings, totaling more than 8 billion pounds, 

compared to only 9 million pounds for minor stocks. Forty-seven major stocks were determined to 

have overfishing occurring; 139 stocks had harvesting rates below the approved threshold. Twentyfive minor stocks were experiencing overfishing; 71 stocks had harvest levels below the approved 

threshold. Fifty-six major stocks were determined to be overfished and 106 were not overfished. In 

contrast, only 36 minor stocks were overfished and 42 were not overfished. The five stocks that were 

approaching an overfished condition were major stocks. 

Minor stocks accounted for 83 percent of the stocks whose status were either unknown or undefined, 

while only 17 percent of the unknown and undefined stocks were categorized as major. Thus, there 

appears to be considerable information aboutthe fishing rates and biomass size formost major stocks, 

i.e., those with significant landings and economic value. NMFS and the Councils have appropriately 

targeted these stocks with their data collection and assessment efforts, and most of the remaining 

major stocks where information is limited are those just above the 200,000-pound landings threshold. 

Additional effort to fully assess these stocks may not be justified at this time. 

Rebuilding Programs 

This report identifies 75 rebuilding programs either currently implemented or approved. To enhance 

understanding of the scope of rebuilding programs, this report includes 31 rebuilding programs that 

were implemented prior to SFA. Forty-four of the programs were approved after enactment of the 

SFA, including two stocks in the New England Multispecies fishery that are listed as unspecified. 

Of these 44 rebuilding programs, 27 have been approved, but not implemented, pending completion 

of a peer review required by a legal settlement. In addition, two rebuilding programs are under 

Secretarial review and two are being developed. Five overfished stocks have not had rebuilding 

programs submitted, and one program was disapproved. Finally, there are 10 stocks for which formal 

rebuilding programs were not required to be submitted because no fishing is allowed in these 

fisheries. Because this is the maximum management restriction possible, no further action was 

required. However, should fishing be allowed at some point, a formal rebuilding program would 

have to be submitted for approval. 

9

Specific Stock Determinations 

Changes from 1999 

Last year, 34 stocks were listed as overfished because the fishing mortality rate exceeded the 

established MSST, not because the biomass was below the established minimum biomass threshold. 

For 23 of those stocks, the biomass determination was listed as undefined because this component 

of the overfishing definition had either been disapproved or was not available for consideration. 

Upon review, NMFS determined that a pre-SFA definition remained in effect in the FMPs for these 

stocks, and this should be used to make a determination this year. Therefore, the change in status 

determination was made because of the availability of the pre-SFA definition rather than a change in 

the biomass. 

For 2000, the following 23 stocks are now listed as overfished based on the pre-SFA definition in the 

FMPs: 

1.	 South Atlantic: Jewfish, Nassau Grouper, Vermilion Snapper, Red Porgy, Gag, Red Snapper, 

Speckled Hind, Snowy Grouper, Warsaw Grouper, GoldenTilefish, Yellowtail Snapper, Red 

Grouper, Black Grouper, and Red Drum. 

2.	 Gulf of Mexico: King Mackerel, Red Snapper, Red Grouper, Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, and 

Red Drum. 

3. Caribbean: Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, and Queen Conch. 

Spiny Dogfish and Atlantic Bigeye Tuna are now listed as overfished based on the fully approved 

overfishing definition contained in their respective FMPs. Seven of the 34 stocks (Atlantic Sea 

Scallop - Middle Atlantic, Gulf of Maine Cod, Georges Bank Cod, Gulf of Maine/Northern Georges 

Bank Silver Hake, Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank Windowpane Flounder, South Atlantic Black Sea 

Bass, and Pacific Bank Rockfish) are now listed as not overfished, and one is listed as approaching 

an overfished condition (Pacific Darkblotched Rockfish). For the remaining two stocks, American 

Lobster was revised to “undefined,” and Pacific Silvergrey Rockfish was determined to be 

“unknown.” 

For nine additional stocks listed as overfished in 1999 based on the biomass level (Cape Cod 

Yellowtail Flounder, American Plaice, White Hake, Georges Bank Winter Flounder, Loligo Squid, 

Coho Salmon, (Strait of Juan de Fuca), Chinook Salmon (Snohomish River, Summer / Fall), Bering 

Sea Snow Crab, and Weakfish), the most recent assessments based on the current overfishing 

definitions support removing them from the overfished list. 

A number of stocks are now classified as not overfished because the biomass level exceeds the 

MSST, but they have not been rebuilt to levels consistent with producing MSY as required by the 

Magnuson-Stevens Act. Therefore the Councils must continue their rebuilding programs until they 

are rebuilt. The stocks include Atlantic Sea Scallops (2 stocks), Cape Cod Yellowtail Flounder, 

White Hake, Georges Bank Winter Flounder, Georges Bank Cod, Gulf of Maine Cod, Gulf of Maine/ 

10

Northern Georges Bank Silver Hake, South Atlantic Black Sea Bass, and Bering Sea Snow Crab. 

Thirteen stocks have been removed from the overfishing list because recent analyses have determined 

that the fishing mortality rates are now below the established thresholds. The stocks include Georges 

Bank Cod, Gulf of Maine Haddock, Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank Windowpane Flounder, Georges 

Bank Winter Flounder; South Atlantic Jewfish and Nassau Grouper; Gulf of Mexico King Mackerel, 

Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, and Red Drum; Caribbean Nassau Grouper and Jewfish; and Bank 

Rockfish. 

There are five stocks whose status has changed from unknown to both “no overfishing occurring” and 

“not overfished” because enough information is now available to make reliable assessments. They 

include Pribilof Islands Blue King Crab, Pribilof Islands Red King Crab, Arrowtooth Flounder 

(Pacific), Black Rockfish (North), and Little Skate. 

Finally, the listing of two stocks has changed from “not overfished” to “unknown” because recent 

assessments conclude that not enough information is available to make a valid conclusion regarding 

their status. Those stocks are Gulf of Alaska Eastern Walleye Pollock and Bering Sea/Aleutian 

Islands Bogoslof Walleye Pollock. 

2000 Determinations 

The 2000 report identifies eight additional stocks for which overfishing is occurring: Middle Atlantic 

Yellowtail Flounder, Monkfish (separate stock), Gulf of Mexico Red Grouper, Gag, Vermilion 

Snapper; Yelloweye Rockfish, Tautog, and Winter Skate. 

Thirty-seven additional stocks are identified as being overfished: 

1.	 New England / Middle Atlantic Georges Bank Haddock, Southern New England Yellowtail 

Flounder, Middle Atlantic Yellowtail Flounder, Monkfish (separate stock), Spiny Dogfish, 

Winter Skate, Barndoor Skate, Thorny Skate, Smooth Skate. 

2.	 South Atlantic Jewfish, Nassau Grouper, Vermilion Snapper, Red Porgy, Gag, Red Snapper, 

Speckled Hind, Snowy Grouper, Warsaw Grouper, GoldenTilefish, Yellowtail Snapper, Red 

Grouper, Black Grouper, Red Drum. 

3.	 Gulf of Mexico King Mackerel, Red Snapper, Red Grouper, Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, Red 

Drum. 

4. Caribbean Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, Queen Conch. 

5. Pacific Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, Lewis River, Fall), Canary Rockfish, Cowcod 

6. Atlantic Bigeye Tuna 

7. Other Atlantic Sturgeon. 

Three additional stocks are identified as approaching an overfished condition: Loligo Squid, 

Darkblotched Rockfish, and Widow Rockfish. Five stocks were listed as approaching an overfished 

condition in 1999, and Gulf of Mexico Gag and Northern Shrimp remain on the list. Sea Bass (Main 

11

Hawaiian Islands) has been removed from the list because it is no longer approaching an overfished 

condition, Gulf of Mexico Vermillion Snapperis now listed as unknown, and Canary Rockfish is now 

listed as overfished. 

For American Plaice, last year’s status determination was based on an error contained in Amendment 

9. This year’s assessment is based on the correct value cited in the Overfishing Definition Review 

Panel Report, which concluded the stock is not overfished. In addition, the ambiguity of the threecolumn approach to listing overfished stocks led to Loligo Squid inadvertently being listed as 

overfished by the assessment panel. It should have been assessed as approaching an overfished 

condition and is listed correctly in this year’s report. 

The Councils and the Secretary are required to submit measures to end overfishing and rebuild stocks 

that are overfished, and to prevent overfishing for those stocks that are approaching an overfished 

condition, managed under these FMPs and FMPs under development, within a year of being notified. 

For those stocks that have been removed from the overfished list, but are not at levels consistent with 

producing MSY, rebuilding plans must continue until rebuilding targets are met. 

12

Table 1. SUMMARY OF STOCKS B Y COUNC IL AREA, 1999 AND 2000 

Jurisdiction Year 

Number of Stocks 

under Council’s 

Geographical 

Area 

Overfishing? Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition 

Yes No Not 

Known 

Not 

Defined Yes No Not Known 

Not 

Defined 

NEFMC 1999 29 13 10 5 1 10 7 1 11 0 

2000 37 10 17 10 0 13 19 4 1 0 

MAFMC 1999 11 6 5 0 0 6 4 0 1 0 

2000 11 6 5 0 0 5 3 1 1 1** 

NEFMC/ 

MAFMC 1999 9 2 0 7 0 1 0 8 0 0 

2000 3 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 

SAFMC 1999 86 15 11 59 1 0 1 2 83 0 

2000 89 13 21 55 0 14 2 67 6 0 

GMFMC 1999 61 4 2 49 4 0 4 3 54 2* 

2000 57 4 14 39 0 5 5 40 6 1** 

SAFMC/ 

GMFMC 1999 10 1 5 4 0 0 0 1 9 0 

2000 10 0 6 4 0 1 5 4 0 0 

CFMC 1999 179 3 1 175 0 0 0 15 164 0 

2000 179 1 9 169 0 3 1 153 22 0 

SAFMC/ 

GMFMC/ 

CFMC 

1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

SAFMC/ 

GMFMC/ 

CFMC 

2000 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 

PFMC 1999 109 3 22 71 12 13 17 76 3 1* 

2000 112 3 35 70 4 14 22 72 2 2** 

WPFMC 1999 64 0 12 3 49 1 47 15 0 1** 

2000 64 0 15 3 46 1 48 15 0 0 

NPFMC 1999 252 0 77 170 5 3 30 219 0 0 

2000 244 0 73 166 5 2 31 211 0 0 

PFMC/ 

NPFMC 1999 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

2000 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

13

Table 1. SUMMARY OF STOCKS B Y COUNC IL AREA, 1999 AND 2000, CONTD. 

Jurisdiction Year 

Number of Stocks 

under Council’s 

Geographical 

Area 

Overfishing? Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished

Condition 

Yes No Not 

Known 

Not 

Defined Yes No Not Known 

Not 

Defined 

HMS 1999 84 29 8 47 0 28 9 47 0 0 

2000 83 29 8 46 0 29 8 46 0 0 

ASMFC 1999 7 1 4 2 0 2 2 2 0 1** 

2000 12 3 5 4 0 2 3 4 2 1** 

GSMFC 1999 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 

2000 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 

Total 1999 904 77 1591 593 72 64 1221 390 326 5 

2000 905 72 210 568 55 92 1481 619 41 5 

* Determination based on fishing mortality rate 

** Determination based on stock level 

1. This total does not include the species designated as Approaching an Overfished Condition to avoid double counting 

14

TABLE 2. DESCRIPTION O F MAJO R AND M INOR STOCK S BY COUNC IL, 2000 

Jurisdiction Stock 

Group 

Number 

of 

Stocks 

Landings 

(1,000 

Pounds) 

Overfishing? Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition 

Yes No Not 

Known 

Not 

Defined Yes No Not 

Known 

Not 

Defined 

NEFMC Major 32 346,453 9 15 8 0 10 19 2 1 0


Minor 5 145 1 2 2 0 3 0 2 0 

Total 37 346,598 10 17 10 0 13 19 4 1 

MAFMC Major 11 241,536 6 5 0 0 5 3 1 1 

Minor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 11 241,536 6 5 0 0 5 3 1 1 

NEFMC / 

MAFMC Major 3 56,539 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 

Minor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 3 56,539 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 

SAFMC Major 26 50,738 9 10 7 0 8 2 15 1 

Minor 63 1,823 4 11 48 0 6 0 52 5 

Total 89 52,561 13 21 55 0 14 2 67 6 

GMFMC Major 22 275,584 4 7 11 0 3 5 12 1 

Minor 35 1,043 0 7 28 0 2 0 28 5 

Total 57 276,627 4 14 39 0 5 5 40 6 

SAFMC / 

GMFMC Major 9 44,247 0 6 3 0 1 5 3 0 

Minor 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 

Total 10 44,247 0 6 4 0 1 5 4 0 

CFMC Major 2 411 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 

Minor 177 974 0 8 169 0 2 0 153 22 

Total 179 1,385 1 9 169 0 3 1 153 22 

SAFMC/ 

GMFMC/ 

CFMC 

Major 1 1,183 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 

SAFMC/ 

GMFMC/ 

CFMC 

Minor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

SAFMC/ 

GMFMC/ 

CFMC 

Total 1 1,183 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

15

TABLE 2. DESCRIPTION O F MAJO R AND M INOR STOCK S BY COUNC IL, 2000, CONTD. 

Jurisdiction Stock 

Group 

Number 

of 

Stocks 

Landings 

(1,000 

Pounds) 

Overfishing? Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition 

Yes No Not 

Known 

Not 

Defined Yes No Not 

Known 

Not 

Defined 

PFMC Major 63 1,019,532 3 32 24 4 13 20 26 2 2 

Minor 49 2,375 0 3 46 0 1 2 46 0 0 

Total 112 1,021,907 3 35 70 4 14 22 72 2 2 

WPFMC Major 11 27,066 0 2 0 9 0 11 0 0 0 

Minor 53 783 0 13 3 37 1 37 15 0 0 

Total 64 27,849 0 15 3 46 1 48 15 0 0 

NPFMC Major 76 4,317,010 0 50 21 5 2 31 43 0 0 

Minor 168 1,215 0 23 145 0 0 0 168 0 0 

Total 244 4,318,225 0 73 166 5 2 31 211 0 0 

PFMC / 

NPFMC Major 1 81,099 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

Minor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 1 81,099 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

HMS Major 18 36,103 9 5 4 0 9 5 4 0 0


Minor 65 840 20 3 42 0 20 3 42 0 

Total 83 36,943 29 8 46 0 29 8 46 0 

0 

0 

ASMFC Major 10 891,868 3 4 3 0 1 3 3 2 1


Minor 2 4 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 

Total 12 891,872 3 5 4 0 2 3 4 2 

0 

1 

GSMFC Major 2 1,283,521 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0


Minor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 2 1,283,521 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 

0 

0 

TOTAL Major 287 8,672,890 47 139 83 18 56 106 111 9 5


Minor 618 9,202 25 71 485 37 36 42 508 32 

Total 905 8,682,092 72 210 568 55 92 148 619 41 

0 

5 

16

Table 3. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in the Management Unit in Federal Fishery 

Management Plans 

Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Atlantic Sea Scallop Atlantic 

Sea Scallop 

Georges Bank NEFMC No No -

rebuilding No 

continue 

rebuilding1 2/10-year plan 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC Yes No -

rebuilding No 

reduce mortality 

continue 

rebuilding1 

2/10-year plan 

Atlantic Salmon Atlantic Salmon NEFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program not required2 

Northeast Multispecies Cod 

Gulf of Maine NEFMC Yes No -

rebuilding Unknown3 

reduce mortality 

continue 

rebuilding1 

year 5 of plan* 

Georges Bank NEFMC No No -

rebuilding No 

continue 

rebuilding1 year 5 of plan* 

Northeast Multispecies 

Haddock 

Georges Bank NEFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program year 5 of plan* 

Gulf of Maine NEFMC No4 Yes N/A rebuild program not submitted 

Northeast Multispecies American Plaice NEFMC Yes No5 No reduce mortality N/A 

Northeast Multispecies Redfish NEFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Northeast Multispecies Witch Flounder NEFMC No No No N/A N/A 

14
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Northeast Multispecies Yellowtail 

Flounder 

Georges Bank NEFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Southern New England NEFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program year 5 of plan* 

Cape Cod NEFMC Yes No -

rebuilding No 

reduce mortality 

continue 

rebuilding1 

not submitted6 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program not submitted 

Northeast Multispecies White Hake NEFMC Yes No -

rebuilding No 

reduce mortality 

continue 

rebuilding1 

unspecified7 

Northeast Multispecies Pollock NEFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Northeast Multispecies 

Windowpane 

Flounder 

Gulf of Maine / Georges Bank NEFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Southern New England / 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Northeast Multispecies 

Winter 

Flounder 

Georges Bank NEFMC No No -

rebuilding No 

continue 

rebuilding1 unspecified7 

Gulf of Maine NEFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Southern New England NEFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Northeast Multispecies 

Silver 

Hake 

Gulf of Maine / 

Northern Georges Bank NEFMC Yes No -

rebuilding Unknown3 

reduce mortality 

continue 

rebuilding1 

2/10-year plan 

Southern Georges Bank / 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 2/10-year plan 

15
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Northeast Multispecies Offshore Hake NEFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Northeast Multispecies Red 

Hake 

Southern Georges Bank / 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC Unknown Yes N/A rebuild program 2/10-year plan 

Gulf of Maine / 

Northern Georges Bank NEFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Northeast Multispecies Ocean Pout NEFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program not submitted 

Northeast Multispecies Atlantic Halibut NEFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program year 2 of plan* 

Atlantic Herring Atlantic Herring NEFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Monkfish Monkfish (North) NEFMC / 

MAFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 2/10-year plan 

Monkfish Monkfish (South) NEFMC / 

MAFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 2/10-year plan 

Spiny Dogfish Spiny Dogfish NEFMC / 

MAFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 1/5-year plan 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass Scup MAFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program disapproved 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass Summer Flounder MAFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 6/10-year plan 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass 

Black Sea Bass MAFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 5/10-year plan 

Atlantic Bluefish Bluefish (except Gulf of Mexico) MAFMC Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 2/9-year plan 

16
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Atlantic Surfclam and Ocean 

Quahog Surfclam MAFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Surfclam and Ocean 

Quahog Ocean Quahog MAFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, 

and Butterfish 

Squid Illex MAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Loligo MAFMC Yes No8 Yes reduce mortality N/A 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and 

Butterfish Atlantic Mackerel MAFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and 

Butterfish Butterfish (Atlantic) MAFMC No No No N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Golden Crab Golden Crab SAFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Shrimp White Shrimp SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Shrimp Rock Shrimp SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Shrimp Brown Shrimp SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Shrimp Pink Shrimp SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Jewfish SAFMC No9 Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 10/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Nassau Grouper SAFMC No9 Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 10/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Vermilion Snapper SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 2/10-year plan 

17
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Red Porgy SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 1/18-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Gag SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 10/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Red Snapper SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 10/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Speckled Hind SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 10/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Snowy Grouper SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 10/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Warsaw Grouper SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 10/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Golden Tilefish SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 9/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Yellowtail Snapper SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 9/10year-plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Red Grouper SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 10/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Black Grouper SAFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild 

program** 1/15-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Black Sea Bass SAFMC Yes No -

rebuilding No 

continue 

rebuilding**1 1/10-year plan 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Mutton Snapper SAFMC No No No N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Wreckfish SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

18
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Scamp SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper White Grunt SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Greater Amberjack SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Gray (Mangrove) Snapper SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Lane Snapper SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Gray Triggerfish SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Yellowedge Grouper SAFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Queen Triggerfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Ocean Triggerfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Yellow Jack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Blue Runner SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Crevalle Jack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Bar Jack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

19
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Lesser Amberjack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Almaco Jack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Banded Rudderfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Spadefish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Black Margate SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Porkfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Margate SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Tomtate SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Smallmouth Grunt SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper French Grunt SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Spanish Grunt SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Cottonwick SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Sailors Choice SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

20
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Blue Stripe Grunt SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Hogfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Puddingwife SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Black Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Queen Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Schoolmaster SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Blackfin Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Cubera Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Mahogany Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Dog Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Silk Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Blueline Tilefish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Sand Tilefish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

21
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Bank Sea Bass SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Rock Sea Bass SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Rock Hind SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Graysby SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Coney SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Red Hind SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Misty Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Yellowmouth Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Tiger Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Yellowfin Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Sheepshead SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Grass Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Jolthead Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

22
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Saucereye Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Whitebone Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Knobbed Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Longspine Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper Scup SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Coast Red Drum Red Drum SAFMC Yes9 Yes N/A rebuild 

program** year 10 of plan* 

South Atlantic Corals10 Fire Corals SAFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Corals10 Hydrocorals SAFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Corals10 Octocorals SAFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Corals10 Stony Corals SAFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

South Atlantic Corals10 Black Corals SAFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Stone Crab Stone Crab GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Brown Shrimp GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

23
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Pink Shrimp GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp White Shrimp GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Royal Red Shrimp GMFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals11 Fire Corals GMFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals11 Hydrocorals GMFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals11 Octocorals GMFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals11 Stony Corals GMFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals11 Black Corals GMFMC No9 Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico / South Atlantic 

Spiny Lobster Spiny Lobster SAFMC / GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Mexico / South Atlantic 

Spiny Lobster Slipper Lobster SAFMC / GMFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

King 

Mackerel 

Gulf Group SAFMC / 

GMFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program** year 15 of plan* 

Atlantic Group SAFMC / 

GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

24
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

Spanish 

Mackerel 

Gulf Group SAFMC / 

GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Group SAFMC / 

GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the 

Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Dolphin SAFMC / 

GMFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the 

Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Cobia SAFMC/ 

GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the 

Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Cero SAFMC / 

GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the 

Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Little Tunny SAFMC / 

GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the 

Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Bluefish (Gulf of Mexico only) GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper GMFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild program** 10/29-year plan 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Red Grouper GMFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild program not submitted 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Nassau Grouper GMFMC No9 Yes N/A rebuild program** year 3 of plan* 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Jewfish GMFMC No9 Yes N/A rebuild 

program** year 10 of plan* 

25
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Gag GMFMC Yes No Yes N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Vermilion Snapper GMFMC Yes Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Greater Amberjack GMFMC No No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Gray Triggerfish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Lesser Amberjack GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Almaco Jack GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Banded Rudderfish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Queen Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Mutton Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Schoolmaster GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Blackfin Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Cubera Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Gray (Mangrove) Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

26
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Dog Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Mahogany Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Lane Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Silk Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Yellowtail Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Wenchman GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Goldface Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Blackline Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Anchor Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Blueline Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Rock Hind GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Speckled Hind GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

27
Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Snowy Grouper 

Black Grouper 

Yellowmouth Grouper 

Scamp 

Misty Grouper 

Warsaw Grouper 

Yellowedge Grouper 

Red Hind 

Yellowfin Grouper 

Hogfish 

Dwarf Sand Perch 

Sand Perch 

rebuild Gulf of Mexico Red Drum Red Drum GMFMC No9 Yes N/A program** year 10 of plan* 

28
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Spiny Lobster13 Spiny Lobster CFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Nassau Grouper CFMC No9 Yes N/A rebuild 

program** year 10 of plan* 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Jewfish CFMC No9 Yes N/A rebuild 

program** year 7 of plan* 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Ocean Surgeonfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Doctorfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Blue Tang CFMC Unknown .. Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Frogfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Flamefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Conchfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Trumpetfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Scrawled Filefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Queen Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Whitespotted Filefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Ocean Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Black Durgon CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Sargassum Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

29
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Redlip Blenny CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Peacock Flounder CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellow Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Blue Runner CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Horse-eye Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Black Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Bar Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Greater Amberjack CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Almaco Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Longsnout Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Foureye Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Spotfin Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Banded Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Redspotted Hawkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Flying Gurnard CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Atlantic Spadefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Neon Goby CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

30
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Rusty Goby CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Royal Gramma CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Porkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Margate CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Tomtate CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 French Grunt CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 White Grunt CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Bluestriped Grunt CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Squirrelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Longspine Squirrelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Blackbar Soldierfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Cardinal Soldierfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Spanish Hogfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Creole Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellowcheek Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellowhead Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Clown Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

31
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Puddingwife CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Pearly Razorfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Green Razorfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Hogfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Bluehead Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Black Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Queen Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Mutton Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Schoolmaster CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Blackfin Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Gray Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Dog Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Mahogany Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Lane Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Silk Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellowtail Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Wenchman CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

32
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Vermilion Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Blackline Tilefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Sand Tilefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellow Goatfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Spotted Goatfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Chain Moray CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Green Moray CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Goldentail Moray CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Batfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Goldspotted Eel CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellowhead Jawfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Dusky Jawfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Spotted Trunkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Honeycomb Cowfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Scrawled Cowfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Trunkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Smooth Trunkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

33
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Cherubfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Queen Angelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Rock Beauty CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Gray Angelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 French Angelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Sergeant Major CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Blue Chromis CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Sunshinefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellowtail Damselfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Dusky Damselfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Beaugregory CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Bicolor Damselfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Threespot Damselfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Bigeye CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Glasseye Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Midnight Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Blue Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

34
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Striped Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Rainbow Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Princess Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Queen Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Redband Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Redtail Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Redfin Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Stoplight Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 High-hat CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Jackknife-fish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Spotted Drum CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Scorpionfishes CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Rock Hind CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Graysby CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellowedge Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Coney CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Red Hind CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

35
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Red Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Misty Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Butter Hamlet CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Swissguard Basslet CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Yellowfin Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Tiger Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Creole-fish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Greater Soapfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Orangeback Bass CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Lantern Bass CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Tobaccofish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Harlequin Bass CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Chalk Bass CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Caribbean Tonguefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Sea Bream CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Jolthead Porgy CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Sheepshead Porgy CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

36
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Pluma CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Seahorses CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Pipefishes CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Sand Diver CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Sharpnose Puffer CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish14 Porcupinefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Queen Conch CFMC Yes Yes N/A rebuild program year 4 of plan* 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Atlantic Triton’s Trumpet CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Cameo Helmet CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Caribbean Helmet CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Caribbean Vase CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Flame Helmet CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Green Star Shell CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Hawkwing Conch CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Milk Conch CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Roostertail Conch CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 True Tulip CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

37
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 West Indian Fighting Conch CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch15 Whelk (West Indian Top Shell) CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Hydrocorals CFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Soft Corals CFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Gorgonian Corals CFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Hard Corals CFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Black Corals CFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 False Corals CFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Sponges CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Hydroids CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Anemones CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Colonial Anemones CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Annelid Worms CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Other Gastropods CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Bivalves CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Cephalopods CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Crustaceans CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

38
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Caribbean Corals16 Bryozoans CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Feather Stars CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Sea Stars CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Brittle and Basket Stars CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Sea Urchins CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Sea Cucumbers CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Tunicates CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Green Algae CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Red Algae CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Caribbean Corals16 Seagrasses CFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver 

Summer) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver 

Spring) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, 

Snake River, Spring) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, 

Lewis River, Fall) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Spring) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

39
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, 

Summer / Fall) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Stillaguamish River, 

Summer / Fall) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Lake Washington) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Dungeness River) PFMC No17 Yes N/A rebuild programESA listed not required2 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Coho Salmon (Strait of Juan de Fuca) PFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Snohomish River, 

Summer / Fall) PFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon other Chinook Salmon stocks PFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon other Coho Salmon stocks PFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Sockeye Salmon PFMC No18 No18 Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Pink Salmon PFMC No18 No18 Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chum Salmon PFMC No18 No18 Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Steelhead PFMC Unknown19 Unknown19 Unknown N/A N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Pacific (Chub) Mackerel PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Pacific Sardine PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Jack Mackerel PFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Northern Anchovy (Central subpopulation) PFMC No Undefined Unknown N/A N/A 

40
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Coastal Pelagic Species Northern Anchovy (Northern subpopulation) PFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Market Squid PFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Lingcod PFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program 1/10-year plan 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Ocean Perch PFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program 1/47-year plan 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bocaccio PFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program 1/38-year plan 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Canary Rockfish PFMC No Yes20 N/A rebuild program plan under 

development 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Cowcod PFMC No Yes20 N/A rebuild program plan under 

development 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Darkblotched Rockfish PFMC Yes No Yes reduce mortality N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Silvergrey Rockfish PFMC Yes Unknown Unknown reduce mortality N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Yelloweye Rockfish PFMC Yes Unknown Unknown reduce mortality N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Widow Rockfish PFMC No No Yes N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bank Rockfish PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Shortspine Thornyhead PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Longspine Thornyhead PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Yellowtail Rockfish PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Whiting PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Sablefish PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

41
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Dover Sole PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish English Sole PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Petrale Sole PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Chilipepper Rockfish PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Shortbelly Rockfish PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Arrowtooth Flounder PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Black Rockfish (North) PFMC No No No N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Cod PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Butter Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Curlfin Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Flathead Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Sanddab PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rex Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rock Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Sand Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Starry Flounder PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Aurora Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

42
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Black-and-Yellow Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Blackgill Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Blue Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bronzespotted Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Brown Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Calico Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish China Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Copper Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Dusty Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Flag Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Gopher Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Grass Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Greenblotched Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Greenspotted Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Greenstriped Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Harlequin Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Honeycomb Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

43
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Kelp Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Mexican Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Olive Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pink Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Quillback Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Redbanded Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Redstripe Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rosethorn Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rosy Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rougheye Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Sharpchin Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Shortraker Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Speckled Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Splitnose Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Squarespot Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Starry Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Stripetail Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

44
Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

California Scorpionfish 

Kelp Greenling 

Treefish 

Cabezon 

Ratfish 

Longnose Skate 

Yellowmouth Rockfish 

Leopard Shark 

Tiger Rockfish 

Vermilion Rockfish 

Soupfin Shark 

Spiny Dogfish 

Big Skate 

Pacific Rattail 

Finescale Codling 

California Skate 

45
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Western Pacific Crustaceans Spiny Lobster (2 species) WPFMC No No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Crustaceans Slipper Lobster WPFMC No No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Crustaceans Kona Crab WPFMC Unknown12 Unknown12 Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Corals21 Pink Corals (3 species) WPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Corals21 Gold Corals (4 species) WPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Corals21 Bamboo Corals (2 species) WPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Corals21 Black Corals (3 species) WPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Pelagic Armorhead WPFMC Undefined Yes N/A rebuild program** 15/19-year plan 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Seabass (Main Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific 

Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest and Main 

Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific 

Longtail Snapper (Northwest and Main Hawaiian 

Islands) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Silverjaw Jobfish WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

46
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Gray Jobfish WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Bluestripe Snapper WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Yellowtail Snapper WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Pink Snapper WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Yelloweye Snapper WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Snapper Pristipomoides sieboldii WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Snapper Pristipomoides zonatus WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific Giant Trevally WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific 

Black Jack WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

47
Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western Pacific WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Ambon Emperor 

Blacktip Grouper 

Seabass (Northwest Hawaiian Islands) 

Lunartail Grouper 

Redgill Emperor 

Alfonsin 

Ratfish 

Amberjack 

Thick Lipped Trevally 

48
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Western Pacific Pelagics Yellowfin Tuna (Central Western Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Albacore (South Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Albacore (North Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Yellowfin Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Skipjack Tuna (Central Western Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Skipjack Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Striped Marlin WPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Black Marlin WPFMC Undefined No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Bigeye Tuna (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics 

Other tuna 

relatives 

Auxis spp. WPFMC Undefined No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Scomber spp. WPFMC Undefined No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Allothunnus spp. WPFMC Undefined No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Swordfish (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Pomfret WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Sailfish (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Shortbill Spearfish (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Wahoo (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

49
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Western Pacific Pelagics Mahimahi (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Pelagic Sharks (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Blue Marlin (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Opah WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Oilfish WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Escolar WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Western / Central Walleye Pollock NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Cod NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sablefish NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortspine Thornyhead NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Arrowtooth Flounder NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Western Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Central Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Eastern Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Eastern Walleye Pollock NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Atka Mackerel NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Alaska Plaice NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

50
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Butter Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Deepsea Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Dover Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish English Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Flathead Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Greenland Turbot NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rex Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Northern Rock Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Southern Rock Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sand Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Starry Flounder NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowfin Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Dusky Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yelloweye Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Aurora Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blackgill Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Bocaccio NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

51
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Chilipepper NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Darkblotched Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Greenstriped Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Harlequin Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Northern Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pygmy Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Redbanded Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Redstripe Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rougheye Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sharpchin Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortbelly Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortraker Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Silvergrey Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Splitnose Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Stripetail Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Vermilion Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowmouth Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

52
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish C-O Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Curlfin Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Hybrid Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Longhead Dab NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Sanddab NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Petrale Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Roughscale Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Slender Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Black Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blue Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Widow Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowtail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Canary Rockfish NPFMC Unknown24 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish China Rockfish NPFMC Unknown24 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Copper Rockfish NPFMC Unknown24 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Quillback Rockfish NPFMC Unknown24 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rosethorn Rockfish NPFMC Unknown24 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

53
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Tiger Rockfish NPFMC Unknown24 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Broad Banded Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown25 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Longspine Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown25 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blue Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Brown Cat Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Sleeper Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Salmon Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sixgill Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Spiny Dogfish Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Alaska Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Aleutian Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Big Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Flathead Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Longnose Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Roughtail Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sandpaper Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Starry Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

54
Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Roughspine Sculpin 

Ribbed Sculpin 

Spinyhead Sculpin 

Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus 

Squid Berryteuthis magister 

Octopus Opisthoteuthis california 

Ocotpus Octopus dofleini 

Red Irish Lord 

Yellow Irish Lord 

Thorny Sculpin 

Tadpole Sculpin 

Great Sculpin 

Dusky Sculpin 

Blackfin Sculpin 

Bigmouth Sculpin 

Armorhead Sculpin 

55
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Pink Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Sockeye Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Chum Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Coho Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Chinook Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Walleye 

Pollock 

Eastern Bering Sea NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Aleutian Islands NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bogoslof NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pacific Cod NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Yellowfin Sole NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Greenland Turbot NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Arrowtooth Flounder NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Rock Sole NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Flathead Sole NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

56
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eastern Bering Sea Sablefish NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Aleutian Islands Sablefish NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eastern Bering Sea Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Aleutian Islands Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Atka Mackerel NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Alaska Plaice NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Squid Berryteuthis magister NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Longspine Thornyhead NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Shortspine Thornyhead NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Aleutian Islands Northern Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Bering Flounder NPFMC Unknown26 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Kamchatka Flounder NPFMC Unknown27 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

57
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Aleutian Islands Sharpchin Rockfish NPFMC Unknown28 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Aleutian Islands Shortraker Rockfish NPFMC Unknown29 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Aleutian Islands Rougheye Rockfish NPFMC Unknown29 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eastern Bering Sea Northern Rockfish NPFMC Unknown30 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eastern Bering Sea Sharpchin Rockfish NPFMC Unknown30 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eastern Bering Sea Shortraker Rockfish NPFMC Unknown30 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eastern Bering Sea Rougheye Rockfish NPFMC Unknown30 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Arctic Flounder NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Butter Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

C-O Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish California Tonguefish NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Curlfin Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Deepsea Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

58
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Dover Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish English Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Hybrid Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Longhead Dab NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pacific Sanddab NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Petrale Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Rex Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Roughscale Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Sand Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Slender Sole NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Starry Flounder NPFMC Unknown31 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Aurora Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Black Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

59
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Blackgill Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Blue Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Bocaccio NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Brown Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Canary Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Chameleon Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Chilipepper NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Copper Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Darkblotched Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Dusky Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Gray Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Greenstriped Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Harlequin Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

60
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pink Rose Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pygmy Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Redbanded Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Redstripe Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Rosethorn Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Rosy Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Silvergrey Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Splitnose Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Stripetail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Tiger Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Vermilion Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Widow Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Yelloweye Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

61
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Yellowmouth Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Yellowtail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Broad Banded Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown32 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Antlered Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Armorhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Bigmouth Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Blackfin Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Blob Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Brown Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Butterfly Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Calico Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Crested Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Dusky Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

62
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Great Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pacific Staghorn Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Plain Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Red Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Ribbed Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Scissortail Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Shorthorn Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Spinyhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Tadpole Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Thorny Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Warty Sculpin NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Yellow Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Alaska Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

63
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Aleutian Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Big Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Commander Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Deepsea Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Golden Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Longnose Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Mud Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Okhotsk Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Roughtail Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Sandpiper Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Starry Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

White-Blotched Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Whitebrow Skate NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

64
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Blue Shark NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pacific Sleeper Shark NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Salmon Shark NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Sixgill Shark NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Soupfin Shark NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Spiny Dogfish Shark NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Octopus Octopus dofleini NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Octopus Opisthoteuthis california NPFMC Unknown33 Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and 

Tanner Crabs 

Blue King 

Crab 

Pribilof Islands NPFMC No No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Saint Matthews Island NPFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program 

under 

Secretarial 

review 

Saint Lawrence Island NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and 

Tanner Crabs 

Golden King 

Crab 

Aleutian Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Pribilof Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Northern District NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

65
Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Bristol Bay NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Red King 

Norton Sound NPFMC No Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Tanner Crabs Crab 

Pribilof Islands NPFMC No No Unknown3 N/A N/A 

Aleutian Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crabs NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crabs NPFMC No No -

rebuilding No 

continue 

rebuilding1 

under 

Secretarial 

review 

Bering Sea NPFMC No Yes N/A rebuild program 1/10-year plan 

Bering Sea Triangle NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea Grooved NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crab Eastern Aleutian Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Tanner Crabs Eastern Aleutian Islands 

Triangle NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Eastern Aleutian Islands 

Grooved NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Adak (Western Aleutians) NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Western Aleutian Islands 

Grooved NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Bering Sea Snow Crab 

Aleutian Islands Scarlet King Crab 

66
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Alaska Scallops Alaska Scallops NPFMC No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Billfishes Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 

not 

implemented34 

Atlantic Billfishes White Marlin (North Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 

not 

implemented34 

Atlantic Billfishes Sailfish (West Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 

not 

implemented34 

Atlantic Billfishes Spearfish (West Atlantic) HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Bigeye Tuna (Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 

not 

implemented34 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Albacore (North Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 

Preferred 

alternative 

discussed in 

draft EA for 

swordfish 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Bluefin Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 3/20-year plan35 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Swordfish (North Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 2/10-year plan36 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Sandbar Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 39-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Blacktip Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 30-year plan37 

67
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Dusky Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 39-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Spinner Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Silky Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 39-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Bull Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Bignose Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 39-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Narrowtooth Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Galapagos Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 39-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Night Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 39-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Caribbean Reef Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 39-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Tiger Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 39-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Lemon Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Sand Tiger Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Bigeye Sand Tiger Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 30-year plan37 

68
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Nurse Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Scalloped Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Great Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Smooth Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Whale Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Basking Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

White Shark HMS Yes Yes N/A reduce mortality 

rebuild program 30-year plan37 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Yellowfin Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Atlantic Sharpnose Shark HMS No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Caribbean Sharpnose Shark HMS No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Finetooth Shark HMS No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Blacknose Shark HMS No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Smalltail Shark HMS No No No N/A N/A 

69
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Bonnethead Shark HMS No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Atlantic Angel Shark HMS No No No N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Skipjack Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Shortfin Mako Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Longfin Mako Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Porbeagle Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Thresher Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Bigeye Thresher Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Blue Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Oceanic Whitetip Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Sevengill Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Sixgill Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Bigeye Sixgill Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

70
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Iceland Cat Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Smallfin Cat Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Deepwater Cat Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Broadgill Cat Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Marbled Cat Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Blotched Cat Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Chain Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Dwarf Catshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Japanese Gulper Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Gulper Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Little Gulper Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Kitefin Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Flatnose Gulper Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

71
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Portuguese Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Greenland Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Lined Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Broadband Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Caribbean Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Great Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Smooth Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Fringefin Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Green Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Cookiecutter Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Bigtooth Cookiecutter HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Smallmouth Velvet Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Pygmy Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

72
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Roughskin Spiny Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Blainville's Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Cuban Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Bramble Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

American Sawshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks 

Florida Smoothhound HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish and 

Sharks Smooth Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A N/A 

* Pre-SFA rebuilding plan; no timeline defined. 

** Pre-SFA Rebuilding Plan 

1. This stock is currently above the minimum stock size threshold; however, it was previously below 

2. A formal rebuilding program was not required or submitted because either no fishing is allowed in 

3. While the biomass level is known, determining whether the stock is approaching an overfished 

4. Three year F proxy (0.247) is below the mortality threshold @ BMSY.

5. The value for the biomass threshold used was that listed by the Overfishing Definition Review 

6. The 1999 Report to Congress indicated in error that these stocks had a rebuilding program.

7. There is no specific rebuilding plan for this stock, but rebuilding is being accomplished through the 

8. Last year's listing of overfished was in error. This was due to a misinterpretation by the assessment 

9. Fishery in the EEZ is closed.

10. The full name for this FMP is the Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic 

73
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

11. The full name for this FMP is the Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico.

12. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP, and no definition for determining the overfished status 

13. The full name for this FMP is the Spiny Lobster Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

14. The full name for this FMP is the Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

15 The full name for this FMP is the Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

16. The full name for this FMP is the Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin 

17. Although there is no overfishing definition, allowable catches are extremely limited in 

18. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; the overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply 

19. The overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply because there are no escapement goals or 

20. The Pacific Fishery Management Council was notified on January 10, 2000 that this species is 

21. The full name for this FMP is the Precious Corals Fishery of the Western Pacific Region.

22. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Shallow Water Flatfish complex) is “not 

23. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Pelagic Shelf Rockfish complex) is “not 

overfished” based on Dusky Rockfish; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species.

24. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Demersal Shelf Rockfish complex) is “not 

overfished” based on Yelloweye Rockfish; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other 

25. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Thornyhead Rockfish complex) is “not 

overfished” based on Shortspine Thornyhead; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other 

26. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Flathead Sole complex) is “not overfished” 

based on Flathead Sole; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species.

27. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Arrowtooth Flounder complex) is “not 

overfished” based on Arrowtooth Flounder; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other 

28. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Aleutian Islands Sharpchin / Northern 

Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Northern Rockfish; no fishing mortality rate determination can be 

29. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Aleutian Islands Shortraker / Rougheye 

Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on abundance estimates of the complex; no fishing mortality rate 

30. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Eastern Bering Sea Other Red Rockfish 

complex) is “not overfished” based on abundance estimates of the complex; no fishing mortality rate determination 

31. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Flatfish complex) is “not overfished” 

based on Alaska Plaice; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species.

32. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” 

based on Longspine Thornyhead and Shortspine Thornyhead; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made 

74
Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Management 

Action Required 

Rebuilding 

Program 

Progress 

Pre SFA Post SFA Pre SFA Post SFA 

33. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Species complex) is “not overfished” 

based on abundance estimates of the complex; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the 

34. Preferred alternative for rebuilding established in 1999 HMS FMP; a total allowable catch was 

adopted by ICCAT in November 2000. 

35. International rebuilding program implemented in 1999. 

36. International rebuilding program implemented in 2000. 

37. NMFS is unable to implement rebuilding measures under a court-approved settlement that prevents 

the commercial quota reduction until a peer review is completed. 

75
* Pre-SFA rebuilding plan; no timeline defined. 

** Pre-SFA Rebuilding Plan 

1. This stock is currently above the minimum stock size threshold; however, it was previously below this level and a rebuilding program is still required.

2. A formal rebuilding program was not required or submitted because either no fishing is allowed in this fishery, or incidental harvest is limited to levels 

necessary to meet Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements. Recovery plans under the ESA are being developed.

3. While the biomass level is known, determining whether the stock is approaching an overfished condition requires an additional level of analysis which 

has not been done. 

4. Three year F proxy (0.247) is below the mortality threshold @ BMSY.

5. The value for the biomass threshold used was that listed by the Overfishing Definition Review Panel. The value contained in Amendment 9 is an error 

and last year's listing of Overfished was incorrect.

6. The 1999 Report to Congress indicated in error that these stocks had a rebuilding program.

7. There is no specific rebuilding plan for this stock, but rebuilding is being accomplished through the Groundfish Rebuilding Program. 

8. Last year's listing of overfished was in error. This was due to a misinterpretation by the assessment panel regarding "overfished" or "approaching an 

overfished condition;" no distinction was made between the two, and thus, the stock was listed as overfished when it should have been listed as 

approaching.

9. Fishery in the EEZ is closed.

10. The full name for this FMP is the Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region.

11. The full name for this FMP is the Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico.

12. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans.

13. The full name for this FMP is the Spiny Lobster Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

14. The full name for this FMP is the Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

74
15 The full name for this FMP is the Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. 

16. The full name for this FMP is the Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. 

17. Although there is no overfishing definition, allowable catches are extremely limited in conformance with their listings under the Endangered Species 

Act (ESA), therefore, overfishing is not occurring for this stock. 

18. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; the overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply because there are no escapement goals or 

management objectives for this species. 

19. The overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply because there are no escapement goals or management objectives for this species, and 

there is no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

20. The Pacific Fishery Management Council was notified on January 10, 2000 that this species is overfished and the Council is required to submit a 

rebuilding program within one year of that date. 

21. The full name for this FMP is the Precious Corals Fishery of the Western Pacific Region. 

22. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Shallow Water Flatfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Alaska Plaice, Butter 

Sole, English Sole, Northern Rock Sole, Southern Rock Sole, Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, and Yellowfin Sole; no fishing mortality rate determination can 

be made about the other species. 

23. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Pelagic Shelf Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Dusky Rockfish; no 

fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

24. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Demersal Shelf Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Yelloweye Rockfish; 

no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

25. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Thornyhead Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Shortspine Thornyhead; 

no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

26. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Flathead Sole complex) is “not overfished” based on Flathead Sole; no fishing 

mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

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27. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Arrowtooth Flounder complex) is “not overfished” based on Arrowtooth Flounder; 

no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

28. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Aleutian Islands Sharpchin / Northern Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based 

on Northern Rockfish; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

29. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Aleutian Islands Shortraker / Rougheye Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based 

on abundance estimates of the complex; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the individual species. 

30. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Eastern Bering Sea Other Red Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on 

abundance estimates of the complex; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the individual species. 

31. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Flatfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Alaska Plaice; no fishing 

mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

32. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Longspine Thornyhead and 

Shortspine Thornyhead; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

33. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Species complex) is “not overfished” based on abundance estimates of the 

complex; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the individual species. 

34. Preferred alternative for rebuilding established in 1999 HMS FMP; a total allowable catch was adopted by ICCAT in November 2000. 

35. International rebuilding program implemented in 1999. 

36. International rebuilding program implemented in 2000. 

37. NMFS is unable to implement rebuilding measures under a court-approved settlement that prevents the commercial quota reduction until a peer review 

is completed. 

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Table 4. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans, But Not 

Contained in the Management Unit 

Fishery Management Plan 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are 

Major Stocks) 

Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching Overfished 

Condition? 

South Atlantic Golden Crab Red Crab SAFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

South Atlantic Golden Crab Jonah Crab SAFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Rock Shrimp GMFMC Unknown2 Unknown2 Unknown 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Seabob Shrimp GMFMC Unknown2 Unknown2 Unknown 

1. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

2. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living 

Oceans. 

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Table 5. Summary of Stock Status for Species not Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching Overfished 

Condition? 

American Eel ASMFC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

American Lobster ASMFC Yes Undefined Unknown 

Atlantic Croaker ASMFC Yes2 Yes2 N/A 

Atlantic Menhaden ASMFC No2 No2 Unknown 

Atlantic Sturgeon ASMFC No3 Yes2 N/A 

Horseshoe Crab ASMFC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Northern Shrimp ASMFC No No Yes4 

Spot ASMFC Unknown5 Unknown5 Unknown 

Spotted Seatrout ASMFC Unknown5 Unknown5 Unknown 

Striped Bass ASMFC No2 No2 Unknown 

Tautog ASMFC Yes Undefined Unknown 

Weakfish ASMFC No2 No No 

Queen Triggerfish GMFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Gulf Menhaden GSMFC No2 No2 Unknown 

Black Drum GSMFC Unknown5 Unknown5 Unknown 

78
Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching Overfished 

Condition? 

Pacific Bonito PFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

California Barracuda PFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

White Seabass PFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

White Croaker PFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Yellowtail PFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Giant Squid PFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Mackerel Scad WPFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Bigeye Scad WPFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Pacific Halibut PFMC and NPFMC6 No Undefined Unknown 

Rattails NPFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Sea Snails NPFMC Unknown5 Unknown5 Unknown 

Bonito (Atlantic) HMS Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

1. There is no federal FMP for this species, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living 

2. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; there is no federal FMP for this species. 

3. Fishing for Atlantic Sturgeon is prohibited, therefore, there is no fishing mortality. 

4. Assessment is based on NEFSC autumn bottom trawl survey and the ASMFC summer shrimp survey (NOAA 

5. There is no federal FMP for this species; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the 

6. The resource is managed by treaty between the United States and Canada through recommendations of the 

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Table 6. Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans Under Development 

Stock 

(Species in Bold are Major Stocks) Jurisdiction 

Overfishing? 

(Is Fishing Mortality 

above Threshold?) 

Overfished? 

(Is Biomass below 

Threshold?) 

Approaching Overfished 

Condition? 

Deep Sea Red Crab NEFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Winter Skate NEFMC Yes Yes N/A 

Barndoor Skate NEFMC Unknown Yes N/A 

Thorny Skate NEFMC Unknown Yes N/A 

Smooth Skate NEFMC Unknown Yes N/A 

Little Skate NEFMC No No No 

Clearnose Skate NEFMC Unknown No No 

Rosette Skate NEFMC Unknown No No 

Tilefish MAFMC Yes2 Yes2 N/A 

Calico Scallops SAFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Rock Shrimp SAFMC Unknown1 Unknown1 Unknown 

Sargassum SAFMC Unknown3 Unknown3 Unknown 

Wahoo SAFMC/GMFMC/CFMC Unknown3 Unknown3 Unknown 

Bluefin Tuna (North Pacific)4 PFMC Unknown3 Unknown3 Unknown 

1. There is no FMP for this species; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living Oceans. 

81
2. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; there is no FMP for this species. 

3. There is no FMP for this species, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

4. In addition to Bluefin Tuna, this FMP under development will cover West Coast based fisheries for several tuna, billfish, and shark species already listed in the 

Western Pacific Pelagics FMP (Table 3). 

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APPENDIX 1. REPORT FORMAT AND POLICY CHANGES AND DESCRIPTION OF 

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING OVERFISHING STATUS 

The format of the report has been changed to avoid confusion experienced with the 1999 report. 

Information on necessary management actions to be taken and progress being made in rebuilding 

overfished stocks is presented more clearly. Determinations are presented separately for those stocks 

where overfishing is occurring, i.e., the fishing mortality rate is above an identified threshold; and 

for those stocks that are overfished, i.e., the biomass of the stock is below an identified threshold. 

Data concerning each of these categories are not additive and could result in double counting if 

added together to determine the combined status of the stocks. Furthermore, the categories not 

overfished and approaching an overfished condition are mutually exclusive. Any stock listed as 

approaching an overfished condition (because it is estimated that it will become overfished within 

2 years) is not included in the not overfished category, even though it is currently not overfished. 

This is to eliminate double-counting of the stocks analyzed in this report. 

Removal of Overfished Column 

Last year’s report contained three columns for determiningwhether a stock was overfished. The first 

column was labeled Fishing Mortality Rate. If the current fishing mortality rate exceeded the 

established fishing mortalitythreshold, yes was entered. The second column was labeled Biomass. 

If the current stock size was below the minimum stock size threshold, yes was entered. If yes was 

entered for either of these two columns, then yes was also listed in the third column, labeled 

Overfished? This led to confusion for some stocks in which the fishing mortality rate was above the 

threshold (overfishing was occurring), and the stock level was above the threshold level (not 

overfished), but the stock was nonetheless listed as overfished. 

This year, the third column for determining whether a stock is overfished has been removed. The 

remaining two columns provide a straightforward distinction between those stocks for which 

overfishing is occurring and those that are overfished. As in last year’s report, if the fishing 

mortality rate is above the threshold, then overfishing is occurring. If the stock size is below the 

minimum threshold, then the stock is overfished. Because there is no third column that provides a 

combined determination for the overfishing and overfished columns, there is no number provided 

that includes the combined determinations for all stocks. These two categories cannot be added 

together, because this would result in double-counting for many of the stocks. 

In addition, if a stock size is expected to fall below the threshold level necessary to produce MSY 

within 2 years, then it is listed as approaching an overfished condition. Last year’s report did not 

differentiate between fishing mortality rate and stock size in determining if a stock was approaching 

an overfished condition. This year, the determination is based on the criterion in the FMP for the 

overfished (biomass) component and trends in various indicators relative to that criterion. For some 

stocks, pre-SFA definitions, including proxy MSYs and minimum stock size threshold, were used 

as a basis in determining whether a stock was approaching an overfished condition. Overfishing 

definitions are listed in Appendix 2. 

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Determining Status of Stocks 

Last year’s report was the first to reflect that stock assessments were based on new statutory 

overfishing definitions, in conformance with SFA requirements. While many assessments were 

based on fully approvedoverfishing definitions that specified both a maximum fishing mortality rate 

threshold and a minimum stock size threshold, there were also many assessments based on partially 

approved or fully disapproved definitions. In 1999, the disapproved component of a partially 

approved definition was listed as undefined. In the case of a fully disapproved definition, the report 

reverted to the entire pre-SFA definition in the FMP. In the 2000 report, for partially approved 

definitions, the determinations were made using the approved portion of the definition and the preSFA definition in the FMP for the disapproved portion of the definition, if available. Many of these 

pre-SFA definitions have been contained in their respective FMPs for years, were approved prior to 

the SFA amendments, and remain the operative definition, if the proposed SFA definition was 

disapproved. In some cases, a pre-SFA definition is not available to base a determination on, 

causing undefined to be noted in the appropriate column. For fully disapproved definitions, this 

year’s report again uses the pre-SFA definition. 

Pre-SFA and Post-SFA Definitions 

Given the variety of status criteria available to make stock assessments, thisyear’s report has divided 

the overfishing and overfished columns into pre- and post-SFA overfishing definitions to make the 

basis for the determinations as clear as possible. The approaching an overfished condition column 

does not make a distinction between pre- and post-SFA. Since a stock is considered to be 

approaching an overfished condition if it is likely to become overfished in two years, it is generally 

based on stock level indicators. The type of overfishing definition (pre- or post-SFA) used to 

determine if a stock is approaching an overfished condition is based on the criteria associated with 

the biomass (overfished) component of the definition. 

Final Conclusions 

Because the overfishing definitions used to assess stocks contained in this report have changed over 

the years, it is difficult to make year-to-year comparisons of stocks. Removal of the third column 

(overfished) also makes direct comparisons difficult. Nevertheless, the determinations in the fishing 

mortality rate column in last year’s report can be compared with the determinations in the 

overfishing column this year. Likewise, the determinations in last year’s biomass column can be 

compared to the overfished column in the 2000 report. 

Addition of Rebuilding Progress Column 

This year’s report provides additional information about those stocks for which rebuildingprograms 

are required. Last year’s report simplyindicated whether or not an SFA rebuilding program had been 

approved for stocks listed as overfished. By identifying the type of management action required 

when overfishing is occurring or when a stock is overfished, it is possible to correctly note which 

84

stocks require reduction of the fishing mortality rate and which stocks actually require rebuilding 

plans. The progress of each rebuilding plan is indicated in the last column of the table, giving 

information about the number of years the program has been in place, and the total number of years 

the programs is expected to exist. Some plans were approved prior to the SFA amendments and are 

footnoted accordingly, and those for which there is no defined time line are also noted. For purposes 

of this report, December 2000 is used as the cutoff date for determining the year in which the 

rebuilding plan is currently in. 

There are some stocks in the report that are listed as not overfished, yet rebuilding plans continue 

to be in effect. This is because stocks that were previously below the minimum stock size threshold 

are now above that level, but have not been rebuilt to the target levels specified in their rebuilding 

plans. Their status is listed as No - rebuilding under the Overfished column. These stocks are also 

footnoted to indicate that they must continue rebuilding, even though they are currently listed as not 

overfished. It is important to note that the status of these stocks should not be considered as healthy 

until they have been fully rebuilt. 

METHODOLOGY FOR STATUS DETERMINATIONS 

Basis for Determining Status of Overfishing 

As required by section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the status determination for those 

stocks managed under an FMP or international agreement was based on the criteria (i.e., the 

overfishing definition) specified in the FMP or agreement, whenever possible (see Appendices 2-5). 

Prior to requirements under the SFA, most existing overfishing definitions were based wholly or in 

part on either a fishing mortality rate or stock biomass, but not both. The SFA requires that status 

determination criteria must specify botha maximum fishing mortalitythresholdor reasonable proxy 

thereof, and a minimum stock size threshold or reasonable proxy thereof. Thus, stocks must be 

assessed according to whether the maximum fishing mortality threshold is being exceeded and 

whether the stock is below the minimum stock size threshold. Overfishing is determined to be 

occurring for those stocks for which the fishing mortality rate exceeds the fishing mortality rate or 

level required to produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) on a continuing basis. Overfished 

stocks are those whose biomass is below the minimum stock size required to produce MSY on a 

continuing basis. 

In conformance with SFA requirements, this report identifies the status determination of stocks 

based on both the fishing mortality rate and stock biomass, wherever possible. The National 

Standard Guidelines require NMFS to determinewhether the fishing mortality rate threshold is being 

exceeded or the biomass is below the established threshold for each stock. If either overfishing is 

occurring or a stock is being overfished, management action is required. For stocks in which 

overfishing is occurring, fishing mortality must be reduced so that stocks can produce MSY on a 

continuing basis; for stocks that are overfished, rebuilding plans must be implemented so that stocks 

can be rebuilt to the level necessary to produce MSY on a continuing basis. The following is a 

description of the basis for status determinations under a variety of scenarios associated with fully 

85

approved, partially approved, or fully disapproved definitions. 

Fully Approved Definitions under the SFA: For those stocks contained in FMPs for which 

overfishing definitions were fully approved, status determinations were based on assessments using 

both the fishing mortality rate and biomass definitions, wherever possible. If the fishing mortality 

rate exceeded the established fishing mortality rate threshold, the stock was listed as “overfishing 

is occurring.” If the biomass was below the established biomass threshold, the stock was listed as 

“overfished.” Stocks listed as unknown are those for which there is an approved overfishing 

definition, but for which no determination can be made because of insufficient information. 

Partially Approved Definitions under the SFA: For those stocks contained in FMPs for which 

overfishing definitions were partially approved (i.e., for which only one of the two necessarycriteria 

was approved), status determinations were based on the definitions that are currently in the FMP. 

For some stocks, determinations were made using a combination of the SFA approved definition, 

such as the fishing mortality rate, and the pre-SFA definition, such as stock level size. For other 

stocks, the only overfishing definition contained in the FMP is one component (fishing mortality or 

biomass) that meets SFA requirements. For these stocks, determinations were made using the SFA 

approved criterion, and the other component was listed as undefined. Stocks listed as undefined are 

those for which there is no status criterion by which to make a determination. 

Definitions under the SFA that are Fully Disapproved or Still Under Review: For those stocks 

contained in FMPs for which the overfishing definitions were fully disapproved or are still under 

review, status determinationswere based on previously existing definitions, and were assessed under 

pre-SFA guidelines. Similar to partially approved definitions, the overfishing or overfished 

determination was based solely on the status criterion that is available. When a status criterion is 

not available the stock is listed as undefined. 

The 1999 edition of Our Living Oceans (OLO) was used to determine the status relative to 

overfishing for stocks (1) for which there are no FMPs or international agreements, but thatare under 

the Councils’ geographic area of authority or under the Secretary’s management authority for 

Atlantic highly migratory species; (2) that are contained in an FMP or an FMP under development, 

but that do not have an overfishing definition; or (3) for which the overfishing definition is 

inadequate to make a determination of overfishing. In OLO, the terms overfished and overfishing 

are not used, but similar concepts are. Long Term Potential Yield (LTPY), as used in OLO, is 

analogous to MSY. Thus, the conclusions reached in OLO approximate the conclusions that would 

be drawn if an assessment had been made using the SFA’s definition of overfished. Stocks that are 

listed in OLO as below stock levels necessary to produce LTPY are considered overfished, and those 

listed as near and above stock levels necessary to produce LTPY are considered not overfished. In 

determining whether overfishing is occurring, the existing fishing effort or fishery utilization level 

was compared to the level necessary to achieve LTPY. Stocks that are listed in OLO as over are 

stocks for which overfishing is occurring, and those that are listed as under or fully are stocks for 

which no overfishing is occurring. Because OLO does not make a determination of whether the 

stock is approaching an overfished condition, that determination could not be made for those stocks 

86

assessed using OLO. For stocks that have no overfishing definition or for which there is no 

determination of stock status in OLO, the overfished status is listed as unknown. 

Many of the stocks listed as overfished in this report have experienced excessive levels of fishing 

effort in recent years, and appropriate measures have been taken to reduce fishing mortalityon these 

stocks. Other stocks listed as overfished may be due to prevailingenvironmental conditions, habitat 

degradation, or natural fluctuations in the stocks. These factors may have reduced the stock biomass 

to levels below that which is necessary to produce MSY on a continuing basis. Sometimes, 

management measures have little impact on the status of the stocks. For example, while many of 

the Pacific salmon stocks under the PFMC jurisdiction are listed as overfished, they are not 

significantly impacted in fisheries within the Council’s jurisdiction. Fishing effort has been 

appropriately reduced or eliminated, but the stocks remain overfished due to factors beyond the 

Council’s control. While the Councils, NMFS, and any management regime will make every effort 

to implement appropriate management measures, rebuilding programs may not necessarily restore 

some stocks to a healthy level, until these other factors are effectively dealt with. 

Information regarding the status of stocks is continually evolving and additional information has 

become available for some stocks since the most recent publication of OLO. For those stocks for 

which there is updated information in a citable form, that information was used to determine the 

status of that stock in this report. It is recognized that this approach does not include all 

“preliminary” information for each stock. However, this approach has been taken to minimize 

potential confusion as conclusions about stock conditions change with changes in “preliminary” 

information. 

87

APPENDIX 2. OVERFISHING DEFINITIONS CONTAINED IN FEDERAL 

FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLANS 

The following definitions are as contained in the Fishery Management Plans, with minor editing 

changes to maintain consistency of terms. See Appendix 6 for definitions of acronyms used in this 

appendix. 

Atlantic Sea Scallop – The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions contain 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Georges Bank - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmax

 or when F is greater than zero if stock is below 1⁄4B

 (0.24), when the stock biomass is equal 

to or greater than Bmsy msy. 

A stock is overfished when stock biomass is below 1⁄4Bmsy. Proxies for B

kg/tow. 

msy are defined as 8.16 

Middle Atlantic - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmax

 or when F is greater than zero if stock is below 1⁄4B

 (0.24), when the stock biomass is equal 

to or greater than Bmsy msy. 

A stock is overfished when stock biomass is below 1⁄4Bmsy

kg/tow. 

. Proxies for Bmsy are defined as 3.90 

Atlantic Salmon - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing is currently not defined (fishing mortality is set equal to zero). 

A stock is overfished when the stock biomass falls below BMSY (54,000 spawning salmon is set as 

a proxy for BMSY). 

Northeast Multispecies 

Cod - The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under SFA guidelines and 

were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions contain both a fishing 

mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

(Gulf of Maine) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.31). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄4Bmsy (8,300 mt). 

88

(Georges Bank) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.32). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄4Bmsy (27,000 mt). 

Haddock – The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions contain both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

(Georges Bank)- Overfishing occurs when F exceeds F0.1 (0.26). 


A stock is overfished when the spawning stock biomass is less than 1⁄2Btarget (53,000).


(Gulf of Maine) - Overfishing occurs when the relative exploitation index (catch/autumn biomass 

index) exceeds 0.29 (Fmsy proxy). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than the survey proxy for 1⁄2Bmsy (4.38 

kg/tow). 

American Plaice – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. The value for the biomass threshold 

in last year’s report was the value contained in Amendment 9, which was incorrect. The correct 

value is that used by the Overfishing Definition Review Panel and is given below. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds F0.1 (0.18). 

A stock is overfished when the spawning stock biomass is less than 1⁄4Bmsy at F0.1 (10,000 mt). 

Redfish - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and 

was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a fishing 

mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds F20% (0.12). 

A stock is overfished when the spawning stock biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy (60,500 mt). 

Witch Flounder – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.14). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 42%Bmsy (estimated to be 9,000 mt) 

89

Yellowtail Flounder – The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions contain 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

(Georges Bank) – Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.30). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄4Bmsy (12,250 mt). 

(Southern New England) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.23). 


A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄4Bmsy (12,800 mt). 


(Cape Cod) – Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.17). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy (7,000 mt). 

(Middle Atlantic) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.36), which is defined as MSY/Btarget. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than the survey proxy for 1⁄2Bmsy (4.58 

kg/tow). . 

White Hake – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.25). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄4Bmsy (5,700 mt). 

Pollock – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and 

was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a fishing 

mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds F20% (0.65). 

A stock is overfished when the spawning stock biomass is less than 1⁄4Bmsy (26,000 mt). 

Windowpane Flounder – The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under 

SFA guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions 

contain both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

(Gulf of Maine / Georges Bank) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (1.11 catch / survey 

index). 

90

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy (0.47 kg/tow). 

(Southern New England / Middle Atlantic) – Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (2.24 catch 

/ survey biomass). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄4Bmsy (0.10 kg/tow). 

Winter Flounder (Gulf of Maine) - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA 

guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was 

used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing 

morality rate (F) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP by 

NEFMC and 40% by ASMFC. 

Winter Flounder - The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions contain 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

(Georges Bank) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds FMSY (0.98 catch / survey biomass). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄2BMSY (1.37 kg/tow). 

(Southern New England) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds FMSY (0.32). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄4BMSY (6,500 mt). 

Silver Hake - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

(Gulf of Maine / Northern Georges Bank, Southern Georges Bank / Middle Atlantic) -

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds FMSY, the proxy for which is F0.1. F0.1 (0.41 for Gulf of Maine 

/ Northern Georges Bank Silver Hake, and 0.39 for Southern Georges Bank / Middle Atlantic Silver 

Hake). 

There is currently no biomass threshold established. The biomass target is the stratified mean survey 

weight per tow during 1973-1982 until more satisfactory estimates of BMSY are available. 

Offshore Hake - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

91

Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average weight per individual in the autumn survey falls 

below the 25th percentile of the average weight per individual from the autumn survey time series 

1963-1997 (0.236). 

A stock is overfished when the 3-year moving average of the abundance of immature fish less than 

30 cm falls below the median value of the 1963-1997 autumn survey abundance of fish less than 30 

cm (0.33). 

Red Hake - The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions contain both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

(Southern Georges Bank / Middle Atlantic) - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average 

weight per individual in the autumn survey falls below the 25th percentile of the average weight per 

individual from the autumn survey time series 1963-1997 (0.12). 

A stock is overfished when the 3-year moving average of the abundance of immature fish less than 

25 cm falls below the median value of the 1963-1997 autumn survey abundance of fish less than 25 

cm (4.72). 

(Gulf of Maine / Northern Georges Bank) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds FMSY (0.65). 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is less than 1⁄2BMSY proxy (1.6 kg/tow). 

Ocean Pout – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (0.31 catch / survey index). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy (2.4 kg/tow). 

Atlantic Halibut - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds F0.1 (0.06). Maximum rebuilding time is undefined for this 

stock. No fishing mortality is permitted (F = 0) until the stock is rebuilt (provisional control law). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than the biomass threshold of 1⁄2BMSY 

(2,700 mt). 

92

Atlantic Herring - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds Fmsy (0.30). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass is less than Bmsy (500,000 mt). 

Monkfish - The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions 

contain both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Northern stock – Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fthreshold, which is the average F during 

1970-1979 (0.051). 

A stock is overfished when the survey index is less than Bthreshold, which is the 33rd percentile of 

the 1963-1994 NEFSC autumn trawl survey catch (1.45 kg/tow). 

Southern stock - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fthreshold, which is the average F during 

1970-1979 (0.217). 

A stock is overfished when the survey index is less than Bthreshold, which is the 33rd percentile of 

the 1963-1994 NEFSC autumn trawl survey catch (0.75 kg/tow). 

Spiny Dogfish - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions 

contain both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. The biomass target was 

disapproved. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fthreshold, the mortality rate that stabilizes the population at 

SSBmax when recruitment is at 27.5 inches (70cm) (0.11). 

A stock is overfished when the biomass threshold is less than 1⁄2SSBmax (100,000 mt). 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and Black Sea Bass 

Scup - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and 

was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a fishing 

mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

93

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the threshold Fmsy (Fmax is used as a proxy, set at 0.26). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass index for rebuilding is less than Bthreshold, which 

is the maximum value of a 3-year moving average of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s 

spring survey catch per tow of spawning stock biomass (SSB) (2.77 kg/tow, the average of 

1977-1979). 

Summer Flounder - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the threshold of Fmax (0.24). Since the biomass target (B

cannot be estimated, biomass per recruit at Fmax

msy proxy. 

msy) 

(3.7754 kg/recruit), times an average recruitment 

during 1982-1996 (40.6 million fish), is used for a B

A stock is overfished when total biomass falls below the minimum biomass threshold of 1⁄2B

(53,200 mt). 

msy 

Black Sea Bass - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the threshold Fmsy (Fmax is used as a proxy, set at 0.32). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass index for rebuilding is less than Bthreshold, which 

is the maximum value of a 3-year moving average of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s 

spring survey exploitable biomass index (fish >22 cm) (0.9 kg/tow). 

Bluefish (except Gulf of Mexico) - The following overfishing definition has been fully 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the threshold FMSY (F = 0.4). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than 1⁄2BMSY (53,800 mt). 

Surfclams and Ocean Quahogs 

Surfclam - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA guidelines. The following 

overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make the 

assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing morality rate (F) 

94

component. 

The overfishing definition for surfclams is the fishing mortality rate of F20% (20% of MSP). 

Ocean Quahog – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the overfishing target is exceeded, which is Ftarget = F0.1 for the 

exploited region and 1⁄2 the virgin biomass. 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than the biomass threshold of 1⁄2B

1⁄4 of the virgin biomass. 

msy or 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish 

Illex Squid - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the fishing mortality threshold of Fmsy (1.22). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy (19,650 mt). 

Loligo Squid - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the fishing mortality threshold of Fmax (Fmax is a proxy for 

Fmsy; current estimates for Fmax = 0.66 and 1.24 for winter and summer cohorts, respectively). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than the biomass threshold of 1⁄2B

(40,000 mt). 

msy 

Atlantic Mackerel – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA


guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition


contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component.


Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the fishing mortality threshold of F


levels of recruitment, the threshold F decreases linearly from 0.45 at 890,000 mt SSB to zero at


msy (0.45). To avoid low 

225,000 mt SSB (1⁄4Bmsy). 

95

A stock is overfished when the SSB is less than 890,000 mt. 

Butterfish (Atlantic) – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the catch associated with a threshold F of F

msy. Annual quotas will be specified which correspond to 

msy (1.01) is exceeded. 

Annual quotas are set equal to 75% of F

a target F of 75% of Fmsy . 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than the biomass threshold of 1⁄2Bmsy. 

Golden Crab of the South Atlantic - The following overfishing definition was partially 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

This definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Overfishing is defined as any rate of fishing mortality in excess of Fmsy for golden crab in the 

South Atlantic Council’s management area. 

Shrimp Fishery of the South Atlantic - The following overfishing definitions were partially 

approved under SFA guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

For the fishing mortality rate (F) component, the pre-SFA definition was used to make the 

assessments. 

White Shrimp – The South Atlantic white shrimp resource is overfished and overfishing occurs 

when the overwintering white shrimp population within a state’s water declines by 80% or more 

following severe winter weather resulting in prolonged cold water temperatures. 

Rock Shrimp – The South Atlantic rock shrimp resource is overfished and overfishing occurs 

when the annual landings exceed the value which is two standard deviations above mean 

landings for the period 1986-1994. 

Brown Shrimp and Pink Shrimp – The South Atlantic brown and pink resources are overfished 

and overfishing occurs when annual landings fall below two standard deviations below mean 

landings for the period 1957-1993 for 3 consecutive years. 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper - For the following overfishing definitions, the fishing 

mortality rate (F) component has been approved under SFA guidelines, and was used to make the 

assessments contained in this report. The biomass (B) component was approved under SFA 

guidelines for Black Sea Bass and Red Porgy. For all other stocks, Spawning Potential Ratio 

96

(SPR) was used to determine the overfished status, and was approved under pre-SFA guidelines. 

Jewfish, Nassau Grouper - Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate (F) in excess of the 

fishing mortality rate corresponding to a 40% Static SPR. 

Overfished is defined as SPR less than 40%. Based on qualitative information, it is believed that 

these stocks are severely overfished due to a lack of occurrence in sampling and catches (prior to 

moratorium). 

Vermilion Snapper, Red Porgy, Gag, Red Snapper, Speckled Hind, Snowy Grouper, 

Warsaw Grouper, Golden Tilefish, Yellowtail Snapper, Red Grouper, Black Grouper, 

Black Sea Bass, Mutton Snapper, Wreckfish, Scamp, White Grunt, Greater Amberjack, 

Gray (Mangrove) Snapper, Lane Snapper, Gray Triggerfish, Yellowedge Grouper, Queen 

Triggerfish, Ocean Triggerfish, Yellow Jack, Blue Runner, Crevalle Jack, Bar Jack, Lesser 

Amberjack, Almaco Jack, Banded Rudderfish, Spadefish, Black Margate, Porkfish, 

Margate, Tomtate, Smallmouth Grunt, French Grunt, Spanish Grunt, Cottonwick, Sailors 

Choice, Blue Stripe Grunt, Hogfish, Puddingwife, Black Snapper, Queen Snapper, 

Schoolmaster, Blackfin Snapper, Cubera Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Dog Snapper, Silk 

Snapper, Blueline Tilefish, Sand Tilefish, Bank Sea Bass, Rock Sea Bass, Rock Hind, 

Graysby, Coney, Red Hind, Misty Grouper, Yellowmouth Grouper, Tiger Grouper, 

Yellowfin Grouper, Sheepshead, Grass Porgy, Jolthead Porgy, Saucereye Porgy, 

Whitebone Porgy, Knobbed Porgy, Longspine Porgy, Scup - Overfishing is defined as a 

fishing mortality rate (F) in excess of the fishing mortality rate corresponding to a 30% Static 

SPR. 

Except for black sea bass and red porgy, overfished is defined as SPR less than 30% based on 

pre-SFA criteria. 

Black Sea Bass and Red Porgy - Overfished is defined as a stock size less than the minimum 

stock size threshold. 

Atlantic Coast Red Drum - For the following overfishing definition, the fishing mortality rate 

(F) component has been approved under SFA guidelines, and was used to make the assessment 

contained in this report. Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) was used to determine the overfished 

status, and was approved under pre-SFA guidelines. 

Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate (F) in excess of the fishing mortality rate 

corresponding to a 30% Static SPR. 

Overfished is defined as SPR less than 30%. 

97

Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region - The 

following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make 

the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) 

component. 

Fire Corals, Hydrocorals, Octocorals, Stony Corals, Black Corals - Overfishing is defined as 

an annual level of harvest that exceeds optimum yield (OY). OY for coral reefs, stony corals, 

hydrocorals, black corals, seafans, and live rock is zero, except as may be authorized for 

scientific and educational purposes. Harvest of allowable octocorals in the EEZ is specified by 

the South Atlantic Council each year. 

Overfished is not defined. 

Stone Crab Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico - For the following overfishing definition, the 

fishing mortality rate (F) component has been approved under SFA guidelines, and was used to 

make the assessment contained in this report. The pre-SFA definition was used to make the 

assessment of overfished status. 

Overfishing occurs and a stock is overfished when the realized egg production per recruit is 

reduced below 70% of potential production. This will be avoided when there is a minimum claw 

length (length of prodopus) that assures survival of the crabs to achieve 70% egg production per 

recruit potential. 

Shrimp Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico - For the following overfishing definitions, the biomass 

(B) component has been approved for Brown Shrimp, Pink Shrimp, and White Shrimp under 

SFA guidelines, and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. For Royal Red 

Shrimp, there is no biomass component of the overfishing definition to make an assessment. 

For the fishing mortality rate (F) component, the pre-SFA definitions were used to make the 

assessments for all of the shrimp. 

Brown Shrimp - Overfishing is occurring and the stock is overfished when the parent stock 

levels are reduced below 125 million shrimp (MSST). This value is slightly lower than the 1983 

level of parent stock, which is the lowest observed value since 1960. Parent stock is defined for 

brown shrimp as the number of age 7+ (months) shrimp during the November through February 

period. 

Pink Shrimp - Overfishing is occurring and the stock is overfished when parent stock levels are 

reduced below 100 million shrimp (MSST). Parent stock is defined for pink shrimp as the 

number of 5+ (months) shrimp during the July through June period. Pink shrimp in the western 

U.S. Gulf were not included in this definition because mixed catches of brown and pink shrimp 

are not separated and are landed, sold, and statistically treated as brown shrimp. 

98

White Shrimp - Overfishing is occurring and the stock is overfished when parent stock levels 

are reduced below 330 million shrimp (MSST). Parent stock is defined for pink shrimp as the 

number of age 7+ (months) shrimp during the May through August period. 

Royal Red Shrimp - Overfishing is occurring and the stock is overfished when landings exceed 

optimum yield (OY). OY is set at MSY (maximum sustainable yield), which was estimated to 

be 392,000 pounds of tails over 1,290 days fished. Royal red shrimp differ from penaeid shrimp 

in that they are not estuarine dependent but exist in a relatively constant environment in the 

deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico (100 to 300 fathoms). Thus, they conform more closely to a 

classical Schaefer-type fishery. 

Overfished is undefined. 

Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico - The following overfishing definition was 

approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this 

report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Fire Corals, Hydrocorals, Octocorals, Stony Corals, Black Corals - Overfishing is defined as 

an annual level of harvest that exceeds optimum yield (OY). OY for coral reefs, stony corals, 

hydrocorals, black corals, seafans, and live rock is zero, except as may be authorized for 

scientific and educational purposes. Harvest of allowable octocorals in the EEZ is not to exceed 

50,000 colonies per year (Gulf and South Atlantic EEZ combined). 

Overfished is undefined. 

Spiny Lobster Fishery of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico - For the following 

overfishing definition, the fishing mortality rate (F) component has been approved under SFA 

guidelines, and was used to make the assessment contained in this report. Transitional Spawning 

Potential Ratio (SPR) was used to determine the overfished status, and was approved under preSFA guidelines. 

Spiny Lobster - Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate (F) in excess of the fishing 

mortality rate corresponding to a 20% SPR. 

The stock is overfished when the SPR is less than 20%. 

Slipper Lobster - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico - The overfishing 

definitions for the following South Atlantic stocks have been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines, and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions 

99

contain both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Atlantic group King Mackerel and Atlantic group Spanish Mackerel - Overfishing occurs 

when the fishing mortality rate (F) is in excess of the F corresponding to a 30% Static SPR. 

A stock is overfished when the stock size is less than the minimum stock size threshold (MSST). 

For the following stocks, the fishing mortality rate (F) component of the overfishing definition 

has been approved under SFA guidelines, and was used to make the assessments contained in 

this report. Transitional Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) was used to determine the overfished 

status, and was approved under pre-SFA guidelines. 

Gulf group King Mackerel, Gulf group Spanish Mackerel, and Dolphin - Overfishing occurs 

when the fishing mortality rate (F) is in excess of the F corresponding to a 30% Static SPR. 

A stock is overfished when the transitional SPR is less than 20%. 

Cobia, Cero, Little Tunny, Bluefish (Gulf of Mexico only) - Overfishing occurs when the 

fishing mortality rate (F) is in excess of the F corresponding to a 30% Static SPR. 

A stock is overfished when the transitional SPR is less than 20%. 

Reef Fish of the Gulf of Mexico - For all of the following stocks except Red Snapper, the 

fishing mortality rate (F) component of the overfishing definition has been approved under SFA 

guidelines, and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. For the fishing 

mortality rate (F) component for Red Snapper, the pre-SFA definition was used to make the 

assessments. Transitional Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) was used to determine the overfished 

status for all stocks except Red Grouper, and was approved under pre-SFA guidelines. For Red 

Grouper, the overfished determination is based on the biomass-based thresholds contained in the 

1999 and 2000 stock assessments documents. 

Red Snapper - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rates exceeds that associated with 

a 20% static SPR. 

The stock is overfished when the transitional SPR is less than 20%. 

Red Grouper - The maximum fishing mortality threshold is the rate corresponding to a 30% 

static SPR. Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rates exceeds that associated with a 

30% static SPR. 

The overfished determination is based on the biomass-based thresholds contained in the 1999 

and 2000 stock assessments documents. 

100

Nassau Grouper, Jewfish - The maximum fishing mortality threshold is the rate corresponding 

to a 40% static SPR. Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rates exceeds that associated 

with a 40% static SPR. 

A stock is overfished when the transitional SPR is less than 20%. Qualitative information 

suggests that these stocks are severely overfished due to a lack of occurrence in sampling and 

catches (prior to moratorium). 

Gag, Vermilion Snapper, Greater Amberjack, Gray Triggerfish, Lesser Amberjack, 

Almaco Jack, Banded Rudderfish, Queen Snapper, Mutton Snapper, Schoolmaster, 

Blackfin Snapper, Cubera Snapper, Gray (Mangrove) Snapper, Dog Snapper, Mahogany 

Snapper, Lane Snapper, Silk Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Wenchman, Goldface Tilefish, 

Blackline Tilefish, Anchor Tilefish, Blueline Tilefish, Tilefish, Rock Hind, Speckled Hind, 

Yellowedge Grouper, Red Hind, Misty Grouper, Warsaw Grouper, Snowy Grouper, Black 

Grouper, Yellowmouth Grouper, Scamp, Yellowfin Grouper, Hogfish, Dwarf Sand Perch, 

Sand Perch - The maximum fishing mortality threshold is the rate corresponding to a 30% static 

SPR. Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rates exceeds that associated with a 30% 

static SPR. 

A stock is overfished when the transitional SPR is less than 20%. 

Red Drum (Gulf of Mexico) - For the following overfishing definition, the fishing mortality rate 

(F) component has been approved under SFA guidelines, and was used to make the assessment 

contained in this report. Transitional Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) was used to determine the 

overfished status, and was approved under pre-SFA guidelines. 

The maximum fishing mortality threshold is the rate corresponding to a 30% static SPR. 

Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rates exceeds that associated with a 30% static 

SPR. 

A stock is overfished when the transitional SPR is less than 20%. 

Spiny Lobster (Caribbean) - The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and transitional Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) 

component. 

When a spiny lobster stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as the 

harvesting rate that is not consistent with a program that has been established to rebuild the stock 

or stock complex to the 20% SPR. When a spiny lobster stock or stock complex is not 

overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead to a state that 

101

would not allow harvest at OY on a continuing basis. The SPR for spiny lobsters is measured in 

terms of eggs per recruit. For monitoring the SPR, the method described by Gregory et al. 

(1982) will be used to compare female fecundity by length class within fished areas to that in 

unfished areas. 

A spiny lobster stock or stock complex is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the 

Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR). 

Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands - The following overfishing 

definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments 

contained in this report. This definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and transitional 

Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) component. 

Jewfish, Nassau Grouper - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rates exceeds that 

corresponding to a 20% SPR level. 

A stock is overfished when the transitional SPR is less than 20%. Qualitative information 

suggests that these stocks are severely overfished due to a lack of occurrence in sampling and 

catches (prior to moratorium). 

Ocean Surgeonfish, Doctorfish, Blue Tang, Frogfish, Flamefish, Conchfish, Trumpetfish, 

Scrawled Filefish, Queen Triggerfish, Whitespotted Filefish, Ocean Triggerfish, Black 

Durgon, Sargassum Triggerfish, Redlip Blenny, Peacock Flounder, Yellow Jack, Blue 

Runner, Horse-eye Jack, Black Jack, Bar Jack, Greater Amberjack, Almaco Jack, 

Longsnout Butterflyfish, Foureye Butterflyfish, Spotfin Butterflyfish, Banded Butterflyfish, 

Redspotted Hawkfish, Flying Gurnard, Atlantic Spadefish, Neon Goby, Rusty Goby, Royal 

Gramma, Porkfish, Margate, Tomtate, French Grunt, White Grunt, Bluestriped Grunt, 

Squirrelfish, Longspine Squirrelfish, Blackbar Soldierfish, Cardinal Soldierfish, Spanish 

Hogfish, Creole Wrasse, Yellowcheek Wrasse, Yellowhead Wrasse, Clown Wrasse, 

Puddingwife, Pearly Razorfish, Green Razorfish, Hogfish, Bluehead Wrasse, Black 

Snapper, Queen Snapper, Mutton Snapper, Schoolmaster, Blackfin Snapper, Gray 

Snapper, Dog Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Lane Snapper, Silk Snapper, Yellowtail 

Snapper, Wenchman, Vermilion Snapper, Blackline Tilefish, Sand Tilefish, Yellow 

Goatfish, Spotted Goatfish, Chain Moray, Green Moray, Goldentail Moray, Batfish, 

Goldspotted Eel, Yellowhead Jawfish, Dusky Jawfish, Spotted Trunkfish, Honeycomb 

Cowfish, Scrawled Cowfish, Trunkfish, Smooth Trunkfish, Cherubfish, Queen Angelfish, 

Rock Beauty, Gray Angelfish, French Angelfish, Sergeant Major, Blue Chromis, 

Sunshinefish, Yellowtail Damselfish, Dusky Damselfish, Beaugregory, Bicolor Damselfish, 

Threespot Damselfish, Bigeye, Glasseye Snapper, Midnight Parrotfish, Blue Parrotfish, 

Striped Parrotfish, Rainbow Parrotfish, Princess Parrotfish, Queen Parrotfish, Redband 

Parrotfish, Redtail Parrotfish, Redfin Parrotfish, Stoplight Parrotfish, High-hat, 

Jackknife-fish, Spotted Drum, Scorpionfishes, Rock Hind, Graysby, Yellowedge Grouper, 

102

Coney, Red Hind, Red Grouper, Misty Grouper, Butter Hamlet, Swissguard Basslet, 

Yellowfin Grouper, Tiger Grouper, Creole-fish, Greater Soapfish, Orangeback Bass, 

Lantern Bass, Tobaccofish, Harlequin Bass, Chalk Bass, Caribbean Tonguefish, Sea 

Bream, Jolthead Porgy, Sheepshead Porgy, Pluma, Seahorses, Pipefishes, Sand Diver, 

Sharpnose Puffer, Porcupinefish - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rates exceeds 

that corresponding to a 20% SPR level. 

A stock is overfished when the transitional SPR is less than 20%. 

Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands - The following 

overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make the 

assessments contained in this report. This definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) 

and biomass (B) component. 

Queen Conch - When a queen conch stock is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at 

a rate that is not consistent with a program that has been established to rebuild the stock to the 

20% SSBR level. When a queen conch stock is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a 

harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead to a state of the stock or stock complex that would 

not at least allow a harvest of OY on a continuing basis. 

A queen conch stock is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the spawning stock 

biomass per recruit (SSBR) that would occur in the absence of fishing. 

Atlantic Triton’s Trumpet, Cameo Helmet, Caribbean Helmet, Caribbean Vase, Flame 

Helmet, Green Star Shell, Hawkwing Conch, Milk Conch, Roostertail Conch, True Tulip, 

West Indian Fighting Conch, Whelk (West Indian Top Shell) - No overfishing definition 

exists in the FMP. 

Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands -The 

following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make 

the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) 

component. 

Hydrocorals, Soft Corals, Gorgonian Corals, Hard Corals, Black Corals, False Corals, 

Sponges, Hydroids, Anemones, Colonial Anemones, Annelid Worms, other Gastropods, 

Bivalves, Cephalopods, Crustaceans, Bryozoans, Feather Stars, Sea Stars, Brittle and 

Basket Stars, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, Tunicates - Overfishing is defined as an annual 

level of harvest that exceeds OY. OY for stony corals, octocorals, live-rock and seagrasses is set 

at zero, except as may be authorized for scientific research, education and restoration purposes. 

Green Algae, Red Algae, Seagrasses - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

103

Washington, Oregon, and California Salmon - The following overfishing definition was 

approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this 

report. This definition contains only a biomass (B) component. 

Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver Summer), Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, 

upriver Spring), Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, Snake River, Spring), Chinook Salmon 

(Columbia River, Lewis River / Fall), Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Spring), Chinook 

Salmon (Skagit River, Summer / Fall), Chinook Salmon (Stillaguamish River, Summer / 

Fall), Chinook Salmon (Lake Washington), Chinook Salmon (Dungeness River), Coho 

Salmon (Strait of Juan de Fuca), Chinook Salmon (Snohomish River, Summer / Fall), other 

Chinook Salmon stocks, and other Coho Salmon stocks - Overfishing is an occurrence 

whereby all mortality, regardless of the source, results in a failure of a salmon stock to meet its 

annual spawning escapement goal or management objective, as specified in Section 3.5 of the 

salmon FMP, for 3 consecutive years, and for which changes in the fishery management regime 

offer the primary opportunity to improve stock status. While this condition is defined as 

overfishing in the broad sense, it is recognized that this situation may also be the result of 

nonfishing mortality and fishery management actions may not adequately address the situation. 

All of these stocks, except for Coho Salmon (Strait of Juan de Fuca), Chinook Salmon 

(Snohomish River, Summer / Fall), other Chinook Salmon, and other Coho Salmon are listed 

under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Harvest levels for listed stocks are restricted to 

incidental take only and, therefore, were determined to be below acceptable levels of harvest and 

determined to not have overfishing occurring. 

When a specific stock or stock grouping fails to meet its annual spawning escapement objective 

for 3 consecutive years, the Council shall appoint a work group to investigate the causes of the 

apparent shortfall (e.g., due to causes within or outside of Council control). The current status of 

stock productivity and all sources of stock mortality will be examined by the work group and a 

report of its conclusions and recommendations provided to the Council. For those actions within 

Council control, the Council may change analytical or procedural methodologies to improve the 

accuracy of estimates for abundance, harvest impact and MSY escapement levels, and/or to 

reduce ocean harvest impacts when shown to be effective in stock recovery to MSY levels. 

Stocks without specified goals in the FMP are also provided significant protection against 

overfishing because the Council bases its management on the stock that is first reduced to its 

annual specified goal level by the fisheries. Such a stock could be the weakest stock or an 

abundant stock that is heavily impacted by ocean salmon fisheries. 

Steelhead - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

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Coastal Pelagics Species - The following overfishing definitions have been fully approved under 

SFA guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. For Pacific 

(Chub) Mackerel and Pacific Sardine, the definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and 

biomass (B) component. For Jack Mackerel and Northern Anchovy (Central subpopulation), the 

overfishing definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. There are no 

overfishing definitions for Northern Anchovy (Northern subpopulation) and Market Squid. 

Pacific (Chub) Mackerel, Pacific Sardine - In operational terms, overfishing occurs whenever 

catch exceeds ABC, which is the annual value of the MSY control rule adopted for Pacific 

mackerel and Pacific sardine, which are actively managed species under the Coastal Pelagic 

Species FMP. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass level is low enough to jeopardize the capacity of the 

stock to produce MSY on a continuing basis. For Pacific (Chub) Mackerel, the stock is 

overfished if the stock biomass is 18,200 mt or less. For Pacific Sardine, the stock is overfished 

if the 1+ stock biomass on July 1 is 50,000 mt or less. 

Jack Mackerel, Northern Anchovy (Central subpopulation) - In operational terms, 

overfishing occurs whenever catch exceeds ABC, which, based on the default MSY control rule 

used for monitored species, is set at 25% of estimated MSY. 

There is no threshold level of stock biomass defining “overfished.” 

Northern Anchovy (Northern subpopulation), Market Squid - No overfishing definition 

exists in the FMP. 

Washington, Oregon, and California Groundfish - The following overfishing definition has 

been fully approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in 

this report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Lingcod, Pacific Ocean Perch, Bocaccio, Canary Rockfish, Cowcod, Darkblotched 

Rockfish, Silvergrey Rockfish, Yelloweye Rockfish, Widow Rockfish, Bank Rockfish, 

Shortspine Thornyhead, Longspine Thornyhead, Yellowtail Rockfish, Pacific Whiting, 

Sablefish, Dover Sole, English Sole, Petrale Sole, Chilipepper Rockfish, Shortbelly 

Rockfish, Arrowtooth Flounder, Black Rockfish (North), Pacific Cod, Butter Sole, Curlfin 

Sole, Flathead Sole, Pacific Sanddab, Rex Sole, Rock Sole, Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, 

Aurora Rockfish, Black-and-Yellow Rockfish, Blackgill Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, 

Bronzespotted Rockfish, Brown Rockfish, Calico Rockfish, China Rockfish, Copper 

Rockfish, Dusty Rockfish, Flag Rockfish, Gopher Rockfish, Grass Rockfish, Greenblotched 

Rockfish, Greenspotted Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, Honeycomb 

Rockfish, Kelp Rockfish, Mexican Rockfish, Olive Rockfish, Pink Rockfish, Quillback 

Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish, Rosy Rockfish, 

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Rougheye Rockfish, Sharpchin Rockfish, Shortraker Rockfish, Speckled Rockfish, 

Splitnose Rockfish, Squarespot Rockfish, Starry Rockfish, Stripetail Rockfish, Tiger 

Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish, Yellowmouth Rockfish, Leopard Shark, Soupfin Shark, 

Spiny Dogfish, Big Skate, California Skate, Longnose Skate, Ratfish, Finescale Codling, 

Pacific Rattail, Cabezon, Kelp Greenling, California Scorpionfish, Treefish – Overfishing 

means fishing at a rate or level that jeopardizes the capacity of a stock or stock complex to 

produce MSY on a continuing basis. More specifically, overfishing is defined as exceeding a 

maximum allowable fishing mortality rate. For any groundfish stock or stock complex, the 

maximum allowable mortaliy rate will be set at a level not to exceed the corresponding 

maximum sustainable yield rate (FMSY) or its proxy (e.g., F35%). 

Overfished describes any stock or stock complex whose size is sufficiently small that a change in 

management practices is required to achieve an appropriate level and rate of rebuilding. The 

term generally describes any stock or stock complex determined to be below its overfished / 

rebuilding threshold. The default proxy is generally 25% of its estimated unfished biomass; 

however, other scientifically valid values are also authorized. 

Overfishing and overfished parameters cannot be estimated for all species because of the wide 

range of knowledge available for the species managed under the PCGFMP. Three categories of 

species are identified. The first includes the few species for which a quantitative stock 

assessment can be conducted on the basis of catch-at-age or other data. The second category 

includes a large number of species for which some biological indicators are available, but a 

quantitative analysis cannot be completed. The third category includes minor species that are 

caught, but for which there is, at best, only partial information on landed biomass. 

Crustaceans of the Western Pacific - The overfishing definitions were disapproved under SFA 

guidelines. The following overfishing definitions were approved under pre-SFA guidelines and 

were used to make the assessments contained in this report. These definitions contain both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Spiny Lobster - Lobster stocks shall be deemed overfished with regard to recruitment when the 

spawning potential ratio (measured for a specific area) is 0.2 or below. 

Overfishing is currently not defined (fishing mortality is set equal to zero). 

Slipper Lobster - Lobster stocks shall be deemed overfished with regard to recruitment when 

the spawning potential ratio (measured for a specific area) is 0.2 or below. 

Overfishing is currently not defined (fishing mortality is set equal to zero). 

Kona Crab - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

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Precious Corals of the Western Pacific - The following overfishing definition has been fully 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Pink Corals, Gold Corals, Bamboo Corals, Black Corals – Overfishing is defined as a fishing 

mortality rate that exceeds the maximum fishing mortality rate threshold (F = 0.066). 

A stock is overfished when the total spawning biomass is less than or equal to 20% of its 

unfished condition (SPR 20%), based on cohort analysis of the pink coral. 

Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific - The overfishing definitions 

was disapproved under SFA guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved 

under pre-SFA guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. These 

definitions contain only a biomass (B) component. 

Pelagic Armorhead, Seabass (Main Hawaiian Islands), Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest 

and Main Hawaiian Islands), Longtail Snapper (Northwest and Main Hawaiian Islands), 

Silverjaw Jobfish, Gray Jobfish, Bluestripe Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Pink Snapper, 

Yelloweye Snapper, Snapper Pristipomoides sieboldii, Snapper Pristipomoides zonatus, 

Giant Trevally, Black Jack, Thick Lipped Trevally, Amberjack, Blacktip Grouper, Seabass 

(Northwest Hawaiian Islands), Lunartail Grouper, Ambon Emperor, Redgill Emperor, 

Alfonsin, Ratfish - A bottomfish species is recruitment overfished when the Spawning Potential 

Ratio (i.e., the ratio of the spawning stock biomass per recruit at the current level of fishing 

(SSBRf

) to the spawning stock biomass per recruit that would occur in the absence of fishing 

(SSBRu)), is equal to or less than .20. 

Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific - The overfishing definitions were disapproved under 

SFA guidelines. The following overfishing definitions were approved under pre-SFA guidelines 

and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. These definitions contain only a 

biomass (B) component. 

Yellowfin Tuna (Central Western Pacific), Albacore (South Pacific), Albacore (North 

Pacific), Yellowfin Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific), Skipjack Tuna (Central Western 

Pacific), Skipjack Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific), Striped Marlin, Black Marlin, Bigeye 

Tuna (Pacific), other Tuna relatives: Auxis spp., Scomber spp., Allothunnus spp., 

Swordfish (Pacific), Pomfret, Sailfish (Pacific), Shortbill Spearfish (Pacific), Wahoo 

(Pacific), Mahimahi (Pacific), Blue Marlin (Pacific), Opah, Oilfish, Escolar - A stock is 

overfished when its spawning potential ratio (SPR) is equal to or less than 0.20. SPR may be 

estimated in several ways, using estimates of spawning stock biomass, spawning stock biomass 

per recruit, spawning stock catch per unit of effort, and exploitable stock biomass. The common 

element for all calculations is the attempt to assess the status of current spawning potential 

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against the spawning potential of an unfished population. The use of a specific measure will 

depend on the availability of data for the stock and fisheries involved. 

Pelagic Sharks - A stock is overfished when its spawning potential ratio (SPR) is equal to or less 

than 0.35. SPR may be estimated in several ways, using estimates of spawning stock biomass, 

spawning stock biomass per recruit, spawning stock catch per unit of effort, and exploitable stock 

biomass. The common element for all calculations is the attempt to assess the status of current 

spawning potential against the spawning potential of an unfished population. The use of a 

specific measure will depend on the availability of data for the stock and fisheries involved. 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved 

under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The 

definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Western / Central Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, Sablefish, Shortspine Thornyhead, 

Arrowtooth Flounder, Western Pacific Ocean Perch, Central Pacific Ocean Perch, Eastern 

Pacific Ocean Perch, Eastern Walleye Pollock, Atka Mackerel, Alaska Plaice, Butter Sole, 

Deepsea Sole, Dover Sole, English Sole, Flathead Sole, Greenland Turbot, Rex Sole, 

Northern Rock Sole, Southern Rock Sole, Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, Yellowfin Sole, 

Dusky Rockfish, Yelloweye Rockfish, Aurora Rockfish, Blackgill Rockfish, Bocaccio, 

Chilipepper, Darkblotched Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, 

Northern Rockfish, Pygmy Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe Rockfish, Rougheye 

Rockfish, Sharpchin Rockfish, Shortbelly Rockfish, Shortraker Rockfish, Silvergrey 

Rockfish, Splitnose Rockfish, Stripetail Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish, Yellowmouth 

Rockfish, C-O Sole, Curlfin Sole, Hybrid Sole, Longhead Dab, Pacific Sanddab, Petrale 

Sole, Roughscale Sole, Slender Sole, Black Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, Widow Rockfish, 

Yellowtail Rockfish, Canary Rockfish, China Rockfish, Copper Rockfish, Quillback 

Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, Broad Banded Thornyhead, Longspine 

Thornyhead, Blue Shark, Brown Cat Shark, Pacific Sleeper Shark, Salmon Shark, Sixgill 

Shark, Spiny Dogfish Shark, Alaska Skate, Aleutian Skate, Big Skate, Flathead Skate, 

Longnose Skate, Roughtail Skate, Sandpaper Skate, Starry Skate, Armorhead Sculpin, 

Bigmouth Sculpin, Blackfin Sculpin, Dusky Sculpin, Great Sculpin, Red Irish Lord, 

Ribbed Sculpin, Roughspine Sculpin, Spinyhead Sculpin, Tadpole Sculpin, Thorny 

Sculpin, Yellow Irish Lord, Octopus Octopus dofleini, Octopus Opisthoteuthis california, 

Squid Berryteuthis magister, Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus - Overfishing is defined 

as any amount of fishing in excess of the maximum fishing mortality threshold (MFMT). The 

catch corresponding to fishing at a rate equal to the MFMT is referred to as the “overfishing 

level” (OFL). This MFMT is prescribed through a set of six tiers [which are listed in Appendix 

5] in descending order of preference, corresponding to descending order of information 

availability. The SSC will have final authority for determining whether a given item of 

information is “reliable” for the purpose of this definition, and may use either objective or 

subjective criteria in making such determinations. For tier 1, a “pdf” refers to a probability 

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density function. For tiers 1-2, if a reliable pdf of BMSY is available, the preferred point estimate 

of BMSY is the geometric mean of its pdf. For tiers 1-5, if a reliable pdf of B is available, the 

preferred point estimate is the geometric mean of its pdf. For tiers 1-3, the coefficient is set at 

a default value of 0.05, with the understanding that the SSC may establish a different value for a 

specific stock or stock complex as merited by the best available scientific information. For tiers 

(2-4), a designation of the form “FX%” refers to the F associated with an equilibrium level of 

spawning per recruit (SPR) equal to X% of the equilibrium level of spawning per recruit in the 

absence of any fishing. If reliable information sufficient to characterize the entire maturity 

schedule of a species is not available, the SSC may choose to view SPR calculations based on a 

knife-edge maturity assumption as reliable. For tier 3, the term B40% refers to the long-term 

average biomass that would be expected under average recruitment and F=F40%. 

A stock is overfished when it falls below its minimum stock size threshold (MSST), defined as 

whichever of the following is greater: 1⁄2 the MSY stock size, or the minimum stock size at 

which rebuilding to the MSY level would be expected to occur within 10 years if the stock were 

exploited at the MFMT. The MSY level is interpreted as BMSY in Tiers 1-2 and B35% in Tier 3. 

No MSY level, and therefore no MSST, can be specified for Tiers 4-6. 

Alaska Salmon - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA guidelines. The 

following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make 

the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a biomass (B) component. 

Pink Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon - Overfishing 

is defined as any fishing that results in the chronic inability to maintain escapements within the 

stock’s escapement target. Escapement targets are set by Alaska Department of Fish and Game 

and the U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Commission so that escapement will not be significantly 

less than needed to produce MSY. Escapement targets for major stocks of Alaska salmon are 

continuously evaluated based on new information. The overfishing definition notwithstanding, it 

is recognized that failure to meet spawner escapements may also be the result of nonfishing 

mortality and that fishery management actions may not adequately address the situation. 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish - The following overfishing definition has been fully 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Eastern Bering Sea Walleye Pollock, Aleutian Islands Walleye Pollock, Bogoslof Walleye 

Pollock, Pacific Cod, Yellowfin Sole, Greenland Turbot, Arrowtooth Flounder, Rock Sole, 

Flathead Sole, Eastern Bering Sea Sablefish, Aleutian Islands Sablefish, Eastern Bering 

Sea Pacific Ocean Perch, Aleutian Islands Pacific Ocean Perch, Atka Mackerel, Alaska 

Plaice, Eastern Bering Sea Northern Rockfish, Aleutian Islands Northern Rockfish, 

Eastern Bering Sea Sharpchin Rockfish, Aleutian Islands Sharpchin Rockfish, Eastern 

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Bering Sea Shortraker Rockfish, Aleutian Islands Shortraker Rockfish, Eastern Bering Sea 

Rougheye Rockfish, Aleutian Islands Rougheye Rockfish, Squid Berryteuthis magister, 

Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus, Longspine Thornyhead, Shortspine Thornyhead, 

Bering Flounder, Kamchatka Flounder, Arctic Flounder, Butter Sole, C-O Sole, California 

Tonguefish, Curlfin Sole, Deepsea Sole, Dover Sole, English Sole, Hybrid Sole, Longhead 

Dab, Pacific Sanddab, Petrale Sole, Rex Sole, Roughscale Sole, Sand Sole, Slender Sole, 

Starry Flounder, Aurora Rockfish, Black Rockfish, Blackgill Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, 

Bocaccio, Brown Rockfish, Canary Rockfish, Chameleon Rockfish, Chilipepper, Copper 

Rockfish, Darkblotched Rockfish, Dusky Rockfish, Gray Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, 

Harlequin Rockfish, Pink Rose Rockfish, Pygmy Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe 

Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish, Rosy Rockfish, Silvergrey Rockfish, Splitnose Rockfish, 

Stripetail Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish, Widow Rockfish, Yelloweye 

Rockfish, Yellowmouth Rockfish, Yellowtail Rockfish, Broad Banded Thornyhead, 

Antlered Sculpin, Armorhead Sculpin, Bigmouth Sculpin, Blackfin Sculpin, Blob Sculpin, 

Brown Irish Lord, Butterfly Sculpin, Calico Sculpin, Crested Sculpin, Dusky Sculpin, 

Great Sculpin, Pacific Staghorn Sculpin, Plain Sculpin, Red Irish Lord, Ribbed Sculpin, 

Scissortail Sculpin, Shorthorn Sculpin, Spinyhead Sculpin, Tadpole Sculpin, Thorny 

Sculpin, Warty Sculpin, Yellow Irish Lord, Alaska Skate, Aleutian Skate, Big Skate, 

Commander Skate, Deepsea Skate, Golden Skate, Longnose Skate, Mud Skate, Okhotsk 

Skate, Roughtail Skate, Sandpiper Skate, Starry Skate, White-Blotched Skate, Whitebrow 

Skate, Blue Shark, Pacific Sleeper Shark, Salmon Shark, Sixgill Shark, Soupfin Shark, 

Spiny Dogfish Shark, Capelin, Eulachon, Rainbow Smelt, Octopus Octopus dofleini, 

Octopus Opisthoteuthis california) - Overfishing is defined as any amount of fishing in excess 

of the maximum fishing mortality threshold (MFMT). The catch corresponding to fishing at a 

rate equal to the MFMT is referred to as the “overfishing level” (OFL). This MFMT is 

prescribed through a set of six tiers [which are listed in Appendix 5] in descending order of 

preference, corresponding to descending order of information availability. The SSC will have 

final authority for determining whether a given item of information is “reliable” for the purpose 

of this definition, and may use either objective or subjective criteria in making such 

determinations. For tier (1), a “pdf” refers to a probability density function. For Tiers 1-2, if a 

reliable pdf of BMSY is available, the preferred point estimate of BMSY is the geometric mean of its 

pdf. For Tiers 1-5, if a reliable pdf of B is available, the preferred point estimate is the geometric 

mean of its pdf. For Tiers 1-3, the coefficient is set at a default value of 0.05, with the 

understanding that the SSC may establish a different value for a specific stock or stock complex 

as merited by the best available scientific information. For Tiers 2-4, a designation of the form 

“FX%” refers to the F associated with an equilibrium level of spawning per recruit (SPR) equal to 

X% of the equilibrium level of spawning per recruit in the absence of any fishing. If reliable 

information sufficient to characterize the entire maturity schedule of a species is not available, 

the SSC may choose to view SPR calculations based on a knife-edge maturity assumption as 

reliable. For Tier 3, the term B40% refers to the long-term average biomass that would be 

expected under average recruitment and F=F40%. 

A stock is overfished when it falls below its minimum stock size threshold (MSST), defined as 

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whichever of the following is greater: 1⁄2 the MSY stock size, or the minimum stock size at 

which rebuilding to the MSY level would be expected to occur within 10 years if the stock were 

exploited at the MFMT. The MSY level is interpreted as BMSY in Tiers 1-2 and B35% in Tier 3. 

No MSY level, and therefore no MSST, can be specified for Tiers 4-6. 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs - The following overfishing definition 

has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained 

in this report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) 

component. 

Blue King Crab (Pribilof Islands, Saint Matthew Island, Saint Lawrence Island), Golden 

King Crab (Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands, Northern District), Red King Crab (Bristol 

Bay, Norton Sound, Pribilof Islands, Aleutian Islands), Aleutian Islands Scarlet King Crab, 

Bering Sea Snow Crab, Tanner Crab [Bering Sea, Bering Sea Triangle, Bering Sea 

Grooved, Eastern Aleutian Islands, Eastern Aleutian Islands Triangle, Eastern Aleutian 

Islands Grooved, Adak (Western Aleutians), Western Aleutian Islands Grooved] -

Overfishing is defined as any rate of fishing mortality in excess of M, where M = 0.2 for all 

species of king crab and M = 0.3 for all Chionoecetes species. 

A stock is overfished when it falls below the minimum stock size threshold (MSST), which is 

equal to 1⁄2 the MSY stock size. MSY stock size equals the average mature biomass observed 

over the past 15 years, from 1983-1997. 

Alaska Scallop - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing is defined as level of fishing mortality that jeopardizes the long-term capacity of a 

stock or stock complex to produce MSY on a continuing basis Overfishing is established as a 

fishing rate in excess of the natural mortality rate (M). Hence, Foverfishing M=0.13. MSY is the 

largest long-term average catch that can be taken from a stock under prevailing ecological and 

environmental conditions. MSY for weathervane scallops is 1.24 million pounds of shucked 

adductor muscles. MSY is calculated based on the average catch from 1990-1997. MSY control 

rule is a harvest strategy expected to result in a long-term average catch approximating MSY. 

The MSY control rule is based on natural mortality, using the estimate of M=0.13, the MSY 

control rule is Fmsy=M. No control rule for spiny, pink, or rock scallops is recommended at this 

time. 

A stock is overfished when it falls below the minimum stock size threshold (MSST), which is 

equal to 1⁄2 MSY stock size = 4.76 million pounds. 

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Atlantic Billfishes - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Blue Marlin (North Atlantic), White Marlin (North Atlantic), Sailfish (West Atlantic), 

Spearfish (West Atlantic) – Overfishing occurs when the MFMT exceeds FMSY. The relative 

fishing mortality rates are as follows: Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) (F1995/FMSY = 1.21), White 

Marlin (North Atlantic) (F1995/FMSY = 2.37), and Sailfish (F1995/FMSY = 1.4). 

A stock is overfished when the stock biomass level falls below the MSST, which is set at (1-

M)BMSY, where M is the instantaneous natural mortality rate. The relative biomass levels are as 

follows: Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) (B1996/BMSY = 0.608), White Marlin (North Atlantic) 

(B1996/BMSY = 0.321), and Sailfish / Spearfish (West Atlantic) (B1992/96/BMSY = 0.62). 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish, and Sharks - The following overfishing definition has been fully 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Bigeye Tuna (Atlantic), Albacore (North Atlantic), Bluefin Tuna (West Atlantic), 

Swordfish (North Atlantic), Sandbar Shark, Blacktip Shark, Dusky Shark, Spinner Shark, 

Silky Shark, Bull Shark, Bignose Shark, Narrowtooth Shark, Galapagos Shark, Night 

Shark, Caribbean Reef Shark, Tiger Shark, Lemon Shark, Sand Tiger Shark, Bigeye Sand 

Tiger Shark, Nurse Shark, Scalloped Hammerhead Shark, Great Hammerhead Shark, 

Smooth Hammerhead Shark, Whale Shark, Basking Shark, White Shark, Yellowfin Tuna 

(West Atlantic), Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Caribbean Sharpnose Shark, Finetooth Shark, 

Blacknose Shark, Smalltail Shark, Bonnethead Shark, Atlantic Angel Shark, Skipjack 

Tuna (West Atlantic), Shortfin Mako Shark, Longfin Mako Shark, Porbeagle Shark, 

Thresher Shark, Bigeye Thresher Shark, Blue Shark, Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Sevengill 

Shark, Sixgill Shark, Bigeye Sixgill Shark, Iceland Cat Shark, Smallfin Cat Shark, 

Deepwater Cat Shark, Broadgill Cat Shark, Marbled Cat Shark, Blotched Cat Shark, 

Chain Dogfish, Dwarf Catshark, Japanese Gulper Shark, Gulper Shark, Little Gulper 

Shark, Kitefin Shark, Flatnose Gulper Shark, Portuguese Shark, Greenland Shark, Lined 

Lanternshark, Broadband Dogfish, Caribbean Lanternshark, Great Lanternshark, 

Smooth Lanternshark, Fringefin Lanternshark, Green Lanternshark, Cookiecutter Shark, 

Bigtooth Cookiecutter, Smallmouth Velvet Dogfish, Pygmy Shark, Roughskin Spiny 

Dogfish, Blainville’s Dogfish, Cuban Dogfish, Bramble Shark, American Sawshark, Florida 

Smoothhound, Smooth Dogfish - Overfishing occurs when the MFMT is exceeded, which is set 

at Flimit = FMSY. The relative fishing mortality rates (Fyear/FMSY) are as follows: North Atlantic 

Swordfish (F98/Fmsy=1.34), West Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (F97/FMSY two-line = 1.73), Bigeye Tuna 

(F98/FMSY = 1.50 - 1.82), North Atlantic Albacore Tuna (F97/FMSY = 1.39 (uncertain)), Yellowfin 

Tuna (F97/FMSY = variable, probably exceeds 1.0), Blacktip Shark(F97/FMSY = 3.52 (baseline)), 

Sandbar Shark (F97/FMSY = 2.70 (baseline)), Large Coastal Sharks (F97/FMSY = 6.34 (baseline)), 

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and Small Coastal Sharks (F86-91/FMSY = 0.89). 

A stock is overfished when the stock level biomass falls below MSST, which is set at MSST = 

Blimit = (1-M)BMSY when M < 0.5; MSST = Blimit = 0.5BMSY when M 0.5. For Yellowfin Tuna, 

MSST = 0.5BMSY. The relative biomass levels are as follows: (Byear/BMSY) for North Atlantic 

Swordfish (B98/BMSY = 0.65), West Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (SSB97/SSBMSY two-line = 0.48), 

Bigeye Tuna (B98/BMSY = 0.57-0.63), North Atlantic Albacore Tuna (B97/BMSY = 0.47 (0.34-

0.63)), Yellowfin Tuna (B97/BMSY = 0.92-1.35), Blacktip Shark* (N98/NMSY = 0.50 (baseline)), 

Sandbar Shark* (N98/NMSY = 0.58 (baseline)), Large Coastal Sharks* (N98/NMSY = 0.30 

(baseline)), and Small Coastal Sharks (B91/BMSY = 1.12). 

*N is the number of fish, rather than biomass or yield in weight. 

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APPENDIX 3. OVERFISHING DEFINITIONS FOR SPECIES NOT CONTAINED IN 

FEDERAL FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLANS 

American Lobster - The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA 

guidelines and the assessments contained in this report are based on this definition. This 

definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. An overfishing definition 

consistent with SFA guidelines is currently under review. 

The American lobster resource is considered recruitment overfished when, throughout its range, 

the fishing mortality rate (F), given the regulations in place at that time under the suite of 

regional management measures, results in a reduction in estimated egg production per recruit to 

10% or less of a non-fished population (F 10%). 

Tautog - The overfishing definition contained in the FMP under development has not been 

formally approved, but was used to make the assessment contained in this year’s report because 

there is no information regarding the status of Tautog in OLO. This definition contains only a 

fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the overfishing threshold F (0.50). The interim fishing 

mortality threshold is 0.24. 

Weakfish - The overfishing definition contained in the FMP under development has not been 

formally approved, but was used to make the assessment regarding stock level in this year’s 

report. The assessment is based on the 2000 Stock Assessment Workshop (SAW). 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is less than BMSY. The BMSY proxy is set at 53,6000 mt. 

Pacific Halibut - A rate of fishing that exceeds the constant exploitation yield. The constant 

exploitation yield is computed using a harvest rate of 0.20 of the exploitable biomass (8-year+ 

Pacific halibut). 

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APPENDIX 4. OVERFISHING DEFINITIONS FROM FISHERY MANAGEMENT 

PLANS UNDER DEVELOPMENT 

Skates 

The following overfishing definitions have not been approved, but are the working definitions 

that currently exist in the FMP under development. The regular stock assessment process was 

used to assess these stocks and status determinations were made on the basis of these proposed 

overfishing definitions. 

Winter Skate - Overfishing exists when F is greater than F=M=0.10, the SFA threshold fishing 

mortality reference point. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is below the 75th percentile value of the NEFSC autumn 

biomass indices for the Gulf of Maine / Middle Atlantic offshore region during 1967-1998. 

Barndoor Skate - There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP under development. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is below the mean value of the NEFSC autumn biomass 

indices for the Gulf of Maine / Southern New England offshore region during 1963-1966. 

Thorny Skate - There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP under development. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is below the 75th percentile value of the NEFSC autumn 

biomass indices for the Gulf of Maine / Southern New England offshore region during 1963-

1998. 

Smooth Skate - There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP under development. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is below the 75th percentile value of the NEFSC autumn 

biomass indices for the Gulf of Maine / Southern New England offshore region during 1963-

1998. 

Little Skate - Overfishing exists when F is greater than F=M=0.40, the SFA threshold fishing 

mortality reference point. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is below the 75th percentile value of the NEFSC autumn 

biomass indices for the Gulf of Maine / Middle Atlantic offshore region during 1982-1999. 

Clearnose Skate - There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP under development. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is below the 75th percentile value of the NEFSC autumn 

biomass indices for the Middle Atlantic inshore and offshore regions during 1975-1998. 

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Rosette Skate - There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP under development. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is below the 75th percentile value of the NEFSC autumn 

biomass indices for the Middle Atlantic offshore region during 1967-1998. 

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APPENDIX 5. SIX TIERS COMPRISING THE OVERFISHING DEFINITION FOR 

GULF OF ALASKA AND BERING SEA /ALEUTIAN ISLANDS GROUNDFISH 

See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix. 

1) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B and BMSY and reliable pdf of FMSY. 

1a)	 Stock status: B/BMSY > 1 

FOFL= μA, the arithmetic mean of the pdf 

FABC μH, the harmonic mean of the pdf 

1b)	 Stock status: < B/BMSY 1 

FOFL = μA x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - ) 

FABC μH x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - ) 

1c)	 Stock status: B/BMSY # " 

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

2) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, BMSY, FMSY, F35%, and F40%. 

2a)	 Stock status: B/BMSY > 1 

FOFL = FMSY 

FABC FMSY x (F40%/F35%) 

2b)	 Stock status: < B/BMSY 1 

FOFL = FMSY x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - ) 

FABC FMSY x (F40%/F35%) x (B/BMSY- ) / (1 - ) 

2c)	 Stock status: B/BMSY # " 

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

3) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, B40%, F35%, and F40%. 

3a)	 Stock status: B/B40% > 1 

FOFL = F35% 

FABC F40% 

3b)	 Stock status: < B/B40% 1 

FOFL = F35% x (B/B40% - ) / (1 - ) 

FABC F40% x (B/B40% - ) / (1 - ) 

3c) Stock status: B/B40% # " 

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

4) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, F35%, and F40%. 

FOFL = F35% 

FABC F40% 

5) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B and natural mortality rate M. 

FOFL = M 

FABC 0.75 x M 

6) Information available: Reliable catch history from 1978 through 1995. 

OFL = the average catch from 1978 through 1995, unless an alternative value is 

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established by the SSC on the basis of the best available scientific information. 

ABC 0.75 x OFL 

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APPENDIX 6. ACRONYMS USED IN APPENDICES 

 - The threshold stock size .05. 

ABC - Allowable Biological Catch - A term that refers to the range of allowable catch for a 

species or species group. It is set each year by a scientific group. The ABC estimates are used to 

set the annual total allowable catch (TAC). 

ASMFC - Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission - Serves as a deliberative body of the 

Atlantic coastal states, coordinating the conservation and management of nearshore fishery 

resources, including marine, shell, and anadromous species. 

B - The weight (biomass) of a group of fish. 

BMSY - The weight (biomass) of a group of fish necessary to produce MSY. 

CFMC - Caribbean Fishery Management Council. 

CPUE - Catch Per Unit of Effort - The number of fish caught by an amount of effort. Typically, 

effort is a combination of gear type, gear size, and length of time gear is used. Catch per unit of 

effort is often used as a measurement of relative abundance. 

EEZ - Exclusive Economic Zone - All waters from the seaward boundary of coastal states out to 

200 nautical miles. 

EPR - Eggs-Per-Recruit - The average number of eggs produced by an individual fish that has 

been recruited, i.e., that moved into a certain class, such as the spawning class or fishing-size 

class. Used as an index of abundance. 

F - Fishing Mortality Rate - A measurement of the rate of removal of fish from a population by 

fishing. Fishing mortality rate can be reported as either annual or instantaneous. Annual 

mortality is the percentage of fish dying in one year. Instantaneous mortality is that percentage 

of fish dying at any one point in time. 

FABC - The level of fishing mortality that results in the allowable biological catch. 

FMAX - The level of fishing mortality that results in the greatest yield from the fishery. 

FMSY - The level of fishing mortality that results in the maximum sustainable yield. 

FOF - The level of fishing mortality defined as overfishing. 

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FOFL - The level of fishing mortality associated with the average catch from 1978 through 1995 

for Gulf of Alaska Groundfish and Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish. 

F20% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 20% of the 

maximum. 

F25% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 25% of the 

maximum. 

F30% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 30% of the 

maximum. 

F40% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 40% of the 

maximum. 

F0.1 - The point on the spawning per recruit curve at which the level of spawning per recruit is 

35% of 40% of the maximum. 

FMP - Fishery Management Plan - A plan to achieve specified management goals for a fishery 

prepared under the authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management 

Act. 

GMFMC - Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. 

GSMFC - Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission - Serves as a deliberative body of the Gulf 

of Mexico coastal states, coordinating the conservation and management of nearshore fishery 

resources, including marine, shell, and anadromous species. 

HMS - Highly Migratory Species Division - Develops fishery policies designed to manage any 

highly migratory species (tuna species, marlin, oceanic sharks, sailfishes, and swordfish) fishery 

that is within the geographical authority of more than one Council. 

MAFMC - Middle-Atlantic Fishery Management Council. 

MFMT – Maximum Fishing Mortality Threshold – The level or rate of fishing mortality, that if 

exceeded, will result in overfishing and jeopardize the capacity of a stock or stock complex to 

produce MSY on a continuing basis. 

MSP - Maximum Spawning Potential - See SPR. 

MSST – Minimum Stock Size Threshold – The minimum size of the stock or stock complex that 

is required to produce MSY, below which the stock would be considered overfished. The 

threshold should equal whichever of the following is greater: 1⁄2 the MSY stock size, or the 

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minimum stock size at which rebuilding to the MSY level would be expected to occur within 10 

years if the stock or stock were exploited at the maximum fishing mortality threshold. 

MSY - Maximum Sustainable Yield - The largest long-term average catch or yield that can be 

taken from a stock or stock complex under prevailing ecological and environmental conditions. 

NEFMC - New England Fishery Management Council. 

NEFSC - NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Science Center. 

NPFMC - North Pacific Fishery Management Council. 

OY - Optimum Yield - The amount of fish that: (1) will provide the greatest overall benefit to the 

Nation, particularly with respect to food production and recreational opportunities, and taking 

into account the protection of marine ecosystems; (2) is prescribed on the basis of the MSY from 

the fishery, as reduced by any relevant economic, social, or ecological factors; (3) in the case of 

an overfished fishery, provides for rebuilding to a level consistent with producing the MSY in 

such fishery. 

pdf - Probability Density Function - A description of the probability that a variable takes a 

specified value. 

PFMC - Pacific Fishery Management Council. 

SAFE - Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation - A document or set of documents that 

provides Councils with a summary of the most recent biological condition of species in the 

fishery management unit, and the social and economic condition of the recreational and 

commercial fishing interests and the fish processing industries. It summarizes, on a periodic 

basis, the best available scientific information concerning the past, present, and possible future 

condition of the stocks and fisheries being managed under Federal regulation. 

SAFMC - South Atlantic Fishery Management Council. 

SPR - Spawning Potential Ratio - The number of eggs that could be produced by an average 

recruit in a fished stock, divided by the number of eggs that could be produced by an average 

recruit in an unfished stock. SPR can also be expressed as the spawning stock biomass per 

recruit (SSBR) of a fished stock divided by the SSBR of the stock before it was fished. 

SSB - Spawning Stock Biomass - The total weight of the fish in a stock that are old enough to 

spawn. 

SSBR - Spawning Stock Biomass Per Recruit - The spawning stock biomass divided by the 

number of recruits to the stock, or how much spawning biomass an average recruit would be 

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expected to produce. 

SSC - Scientific and Statistical Advisory Committee - A group of scientific and technical people 

giving advice to a council. 

WPFMC - Western Pacific Fishery Management Council. 

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hed status in Our Living 

shrimp survey (NOAA 

status is based on the 

mmendations of the 

81