BART Visibility Impact Analysis

Protocol

Sid Richardson Carbon Company, Ltd.

Addis, Louisiana, Plant

Prepared for:

Sid Richardson Carbon Company, Ltd.

Fort Worth, Texas

Prepared by:

J. Thomas Bowman, Ph.D., P.E.

June 2013
CONTENTS

1. Executive Summary

2. Facility Description

3. Source Parameters and Emission Rates

4. Model Selection

5. Modeling Domain

6. CALMET Analysis

6.1 Meteorological Data

6.2 Geophysical Data

6.3 Preparing Data for CALMET

7. CALPUFF Analysis

8. CALPOST Analysis
1. Executive Summary

Overview. The Sid Richardson Carbon & Energy Company (Sid Richardson) retained J. 

Thomas Bowman (Bowman) to perform a source-specific Best Available Retrofit 

Technology (BART) modeling analysis using the CALPUFF model for the Sid 

Richardson Addis, Louisiana, Plant. Sid Richardson submitted the original BART 

analysis in 2007 prepared by Environ. 

Bowman has been asked to remodel the facility's impact at the Breton NWR using the 

current versions of the models and current guidelines. This Protocol is the result of this 

request. The 2007 analysis calculated impact of the Addis plant at the Caney Creek 

Wilderness Area was well below 0.50 delta-deciviews and was not included as part of 

this Protocol.
2. Facility Description

The Sid Richardson Addis Plant is a carbon black manufacturing facility (SIC code 2895, 

NAICS code 325182) located in Addis, Louisiana. The Plant is located west of Louisiana 

Highway 1 on Sid Richardson Road about 3 kilometers south-southwest of the town of 

Addis. Figure 2.1 shows the location of the plant in relation to the town of Addis, 

Highway 1, and the Mississippi River. Figure 2.2 shows an enlarged image of the Addis 

Plant. Both images were created using Google Earth.

Figure 2.1 Addis Site Location
Figure 2.2 Addis Plant
3. Source Parameters and Emission Rates

The source parameters in Table 3.1, Table 3.2 and Table 3.3 and were supplied by Sid 

Richardson. To be consistent with the 2007 Environ analysis, the speciated emission 

rates shown in Table 3.4 were calculated using the same ration of SOA(OC) to PM and 

PMF to PM as used in the 2007 analysis.

The worst-case scenario emissions (i.e., permitted emission rates) were used in this 

analysis. Just like the 2007 analysis, the emissions from certain pieces of equipment that 

were built outside of the BART eligible period of 1962-1977 were not included in the 

analysis. The excluded equipment in the current analysis is identical to the excluded 

equipment in the 2007 analysis. The excluded equipment includes Reactor A, Reactor 

11, Dryer A, Dryer 5, Dryer 6, and Dryer Exhaust Bagfilter 3. The emission rates in 

Table 3.3 reflect the permitted emission rates with the exclusion of the equipment stated 

above.

Table 3.1

Source Locations

Geographic Location LCC UTM Coordinates

Longitude Latitude Easterly Northerly Easterly Northerly

Zone

(deg) (deg) (km) (km) (km) (km)

B1 91.2791 30.3292 551.8023 -1055.5936 665.4378 3356.5160 15

B2 91.2792 30.3291 551.7906 -1055.6019 665.4257 3356.5084 15

B3 91.2796 30.3290 551.7573 -1055.6189 665.3918 3356.4931 15

D5 91.2794 30.3292 551.7741 -1055.5935 665.4097 3356.5175 15

SF1 91.2793 30.3292 551.7808 -1055.5948 665.4163 3356.5159 15

SF2 91.2795 30.3291 551.7636 -1055.6061 665.3987 3356.5055 15

SF3A 91.2800 30.3289 551.7233 -1055.6319 665.3573 3356.4819 15

DF1 91.2797 30.3290 551.7493 -1055.6110 665.3842 3356.5013 15

Source 

ID
Table 3.3

Permit Emission Rates

Source ID

Permit Limits

NOX PM10

(lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s)

B1 4.6575 0.5868 392.3625 49.4377 46.2000 5.8212

B2 6.1400 0.7736 485.1700 61.1314 51.2400 6.4562

B3 4.8351 0.6092 483.1621 60.8784 67.9612 8.5631

D5 40.4520 5.0970 346.7760 43.6938 73.9440 9.3169

SF1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 22.8000 2.8728

SF2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 18.9600 2.3890

SF3A 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 35.4400 4.4654

DF1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.2000 0.7812

SO2

Table 3.2

Stack Parameters

Source ID

Stack Height Base Elevation Stack Diameter Exit Velocity Exit Temp.

(m) (m) (m) (m/s) (K)

B1 32.50 5.49 1.64 20.00 1273.20

B2 32.50 5.49 1.72 20.00 1273.20

B3 32.50 5.49 1.68 20.00 1273.20

D5 60.40 5.49 1.52 32.30 699.80

SF1 27.30 5.49 0.46 40.20 366.50

SF2 27.30 5.49 0.46 40.20 366.50

SF3A 26.20 5.49 0.61 37.20 366.50

DF1 36.60 5.49 0.91 16.18 477.60
Table 3.4

Speciated Emission Rates as Modeled

Modeled Emission Rates

SO2 SO4 NOX HNO3 NO3 EC SOA PM10 PMF

(g/s) (g/s) (g/s) (g/s) (g/s) (g/s) (g/s) (g/s) (g/s)

B1 49.4377 0.0000 0.5868 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.7937 0.0000 0.0231

B2 61.1314 0.0000 0.7736 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.4307 0.0000 0.0260

B3 60.8784 0.0000 0.6092 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 8.5213 0.0000 0.0341

D5 43.6938 0.0000 5.0970 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 9.2827 0.0000 0.0371

SF1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3.8107 0.0000 0.0154

SF2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2.3810 0.0000 0.0096

SF3A 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.9397 0.0000 0.0238

DF1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.8241 0.0000 0.0031

Source 

ID
4. Model Selection

The current guideline versions of the CALPUFF system of programs will be used. The 

programs and program versions are as follows:

Main Programs

 CALMET 5.8

 CALPUFF 5.8

Postprocessors

 CALPOST 6.221

 PRTMET 4.34

 POSTUTIL 1.56

Geophysical Data Preprocessors

 TERREL 3.684

 CTGPROC 2.682

 MAKEGEO 2.29

Meteorological Preprocessors

 SMERGE 5.57

 PXTRACT 4.25

 PMERGE 5.32

 READ62 5.54
5. Modeling Domain

The Modeling Domain is set large enough to ensure that puffs are not eliminated from 

the computational grid prematurely. The Modeling Domain extends more than 150 

kilometers beyond all sources and receptors. This Domain is cast on a Lambert 

Conformal Conic (LCC) coordinate system. The Modeling Domain is shown in Figure 

5.1. The projection parameters and Meteorological Domain coordinates are listed in 

Table 5.1 and Table 5.2. 

Figure 5.1 Meteorological Domain
Table 5.1

LCC Projection Parameters

 Projection Origin

RLAT0 40.0N

RLON0 97.0W

 False Origin

FEAST 0

FNORTH 0

 Matching Parallels

XLAT1 33.0N

XLAT2 45.0N
Table 5.2

Meteorological Domain

 Datum WGS-84

 Southwest Corner (KM)

XORIGKM 357.691

YORIGKM -1282.915

 Number of Grid Cells

NX 104

NY 67

 Horizontal Grid Spacing (KM) 6

 Vertical Grid Spacing (KM)*

1 20

2 40

3 80

4 160

5 320

6 640

7 1200

8 2000

9 3000

10 4000

*Top of each cell
6. CALMET Analysis

The CALMET analysis will be conducted in accordance with August 31, 2009, 

Memorandum Clarification on EPA-FLM Recommended Settings for CALMET.

The CALMET model will be used to develop the parameters for the three-dimensional 

Meteorological Grid. The Meteorological Grid includes meteorological parameters, 

surface parameters, and terrain elevations for each hour. This three-dimensional 

Meteorological Grid will be calculated by CALMET in three steps, as discussed in the 

following subsections. The technical options that will be used in CALMET are listed in 

Appendix A, which is a CALMET input file for January 2001. 

Initial Guess Wind Fields. The 36-km prognostic data for 2002 and 2003 and the 12-

km data for 2001 from the CALMM5 CENRAP data will be used by CALMET for 

developing the Initial Guess Wind Fields of the 6-km, three-dimensional Meteorological 

Grid. 

Step 1 Wind Fields. The terrain and surface parameters will be used by CALMET to 

modify the Initial Guess Wind Fields to develop the Step 1 Wind Fields of the 6-km, 

three-dimensional Meteorological Grid. The terrain character of this area is, in general, 

gently sloping to flat. The terrain varies from sea level to about 160 meters amsl. 

Step 2 Wind Fields. Meteorological observations (surface data, upper air data, 

precipitation data, and buoy data) will be used by CALMET to modify the Step 1 Wind 

Fields to develop the Step 2 Wind Fields of the 6-km, three-dimensional Meteorological 

Grid. 

6.1 Meteorological Data

CALMM5 Data. The CENRAP CALMM5 data were acquired from Erik Snyder, US EPA 

Region VI. Extractions of the data will be made for each year for an area that includes 

the Modeling Domain and all meteorological stations. Upper air substitution files will be 

created using the nearest CALMM5 node for each upper air station. The substitution 

files will be used as input to the READ62 program. Figure 6.1 shows the location of the 

2001 nodes and Figure 6.2 shows the location of the 2002 and 2003 nodes.

Surface Data. Surface data for 2001, 2002 and 2003 will be used as observations in 

developing the Step 2 Wind Fields in the CALMET model. The surface data were 

obtained from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina. 

The data will include all stations having sufficient data for modeling that are located 

within 100 kilometers of the meteorological modeling domain. Data from a total of 45 

surface stations will be used for 2001, 42 for 2002 and 43 for 2003. Table 6.1 is a listing 

of these surface stations and associated site information. Figure 6.3 depicts the surface 

station locations.

Upper Air Data. Upper air data for 2001, 2002 and 2003 will be used as observations in 

developing the Step 2 Wind Fields in the CALMET model. The upper air data will be 

downloaded from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 

Forecast Systems Laboratory web site. Four upper air stations are located within 200 

kilometers of the meteorological modeling domain and will be used in this analysis. 
Table 6.2 lists the upper air data stations and locations, and the station locations are 

depicted in Figure 6.3.

Precipitation Data. .Precipitation data for 2001, 2002 and 2003 will be used as 

observations in developing the Step 2 Wind Fields in the CALMET model. The 

precipitation data were obtained from the NCDC. The precipitation data stations 

consisted of all stations having sufficient data for modeling that are also located within 

the meteorological modeling domain. Totals of 34, 35, and 38 stations were used for the 

precipitation analyses conducted for 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively. Table 6.3 lists 

these stations and locations, and Figure 6.4 depicts the station locations.

Buoy Data. .Buoy data for 2001, 2002 and 2003 will be used as observations in 

developing the Step 2 Wind Fields in the CALMET model. The buoy data were obtained 

from the National Oceanographic Data Center. The buoy data consisted of two stations. 

Table 6.4 lists these stations and locations, and Figure 6.4 depicts the station locations.

Figure 6.1 Location of Nodes From the 2001 CALMM5 

Extraction From CENRAP Data
Figure 6.2 Location of Nodes From the 2002 and 2003 

CALMM5 Extraction From CENRAP Data
Figure 6.3 Surface and Upper Air Stations
Figure 6.4 Precipitation and Buoy Stations
Table 6.1

Surface Stations

WBAN USAF Name State

Geographic Location LCC UTM Coordinates

Longitude Latitude Easterly Northerly Easterly Northerly Zone (deg) (deg) (km) (km) (km) (km)

3850 722269 CAIRNS FIELD FORT RUCKER AL 87.3170 30.3500 932.5653 -1020.9092 1194.2010 3482.1700 1 5

3852 747770 VALPARAISO HURLBURT FL 86.6830 30.4170 992.5226 -1006.7479 1107.3000 3381.9870 1 5

3855 722225 PENSACOLA FOREST SHERMAN NAS FL 87.3170 30.3500 932.5653 -1020.9092 1046.6200 3371.2950 1 5

3878 722267 TROY AF AL 86.0170 31.8670 1036.7804 -838.5950 1161.2600 3547.0330 1 5

3934 722314 NEW IBERIA NAAS L A 91.8830 30.0330 495.4845 -1092.1452 607.7000 3322.9680 1 5

3937 722400 LAKE CHARLES REGIONAL ARPTL A 93.2330 30.1170 364.4612 -1089.1449 477.5540 3331.7730 1 5

3940 722350 JACKSON INTERNATIONAL AP MS 90.0830 32.3170 650.1048 -826.4515 774.6250 3579.3130 1 5

12884 722320 BOOTHVILLE WSCMO CIT L A 89.4000 29.3330 741.9960 -1153.4636 849.6300 3250.2650 1 5

12916 722310 NEW ORLEANS INTL ARPT L A 90.2500 30.0000 653.6274 -1085.5065 765.2820 3321.9700 1 5

12917 722410 PORT ARTHUR JEFFERSON COUNTY TX 94.0170 29.9500 289.2526 -1110.6404 401.8610 3313.6800 1 5

13820 747686 KEESLER AFB MS 88.9170 30.4170 778.2516 -1028.5148 892.3020 3372.0780 1 5

13838 722235 MOBILE DOWNTOWN AP AL 88.0670 30.6330 857.4715 -996.8283 973.0110 3399.3220 1 5

13858 722210 VALPARAISO ELGIN AFB FL 86.5170 30.4830 1007.5725 -997.5914 1122.8690 3390.2320 1 5

13865 722340 MERIDIAN KEY FIELD MS 88.7500 32.3330 774.9116 -814.2255 900.1360 3585.2930 1 5

13884 722215 CRESTVIEW BOB SIKES AP FL 86.5170 30.7830 1003.7143 -964.2936 1120.9380 3423.5800 1 5

13894 722230 MOBILE REGIONAL AP AL 88.2500 30.6830 839.4226 -992.9767 955.2080 3404.1140 1 5

13895 722260 MONTGOMERY DANNELLY FIELDAL 86.4000 32.3000 995.1807 -794.9915 1121.9600 3592.8830 1 5

13899 722223 PENSACOLA REGIONAL AP FL 87.1830 30.4830 943.8175 -1004.7419 1058.7680 3386.7280 1 5

13934 747540 ENGLAND AFB L A 92.5500 31.3170 423.9314 -952.2589 542.8170 3464.8220 1 5

13935 722487 ALEXANDRIA ESLER REGIONAL APL A 92.3000 31.4000 447.2483 -941.8144 566.5460 3474.1450 1 5

13942 722486 MONROE REGIONAL AP L A 92.0330 32.5170 465.8337 -816.2109 590.8240 3598.1560 1 5

13957 722480 SHREVEPORT REGIONAL ARPT L A 93.8170 32.4500 298.8685 -831.1667 423.2080 3590.6100 1 5

13970 722317 BATON ROUGE RYAN ARPT L A 91.1500 30.5330 562.7725 -1032.0620 677.4820 3379.3040 1 5

13976 722405 LAFAYETTE REGIONAL AP L A 91.9830 30.2000 484.7807 -1074.0300 597.8930 3341.3840 1 5

53905 722484 SHREVEPORT DOWNTOWN L A 93.7500 32.5330 304.8272 -821.7132 429.5710 3599.7650 1 5

53917 722315 NEW ORLEANS LAKEFRONT AP L A 90.0330 30.0500 674.1718 -1078.3416 786.0810 3328.0370 1 5

93919 722358 MCCOMB PIKE COUNTY AP MS 90.4670 31.2330 622.7553 -949.6183 741.2620 3458.1910 1 5

722069 722069 DESTIN FT. WALTON GA 86.4670 30.4000 1013.4295 -1006.2527 1128.2180 3381.2830 1 5

722276 722276 EVERGREEN AL 87.0500 31.4170 945.1591 -899.6924 1066.0040 3491.1710 1 5

722312* 722312 HAMMOND L A 90.4170 30.5170 633.3004 -1029.0216 747.8640 3378.9140 1 5
Table 6.1 (cont.)

Surface Stations

WBAN USAF Name State

Geographic Location LCC UTM Coordinates

Longitude Latitude Easterly Northerly Easterly Northerly Zone (deg) (deg) (km) (km) (km) (km)

722319* 722319 NATCHITOCHES L A 93.1000 31.7330 369.5797 -908.3226 490.5270 3510.8460 1 5

722329* 722329 PATTERSON MEMORIAL L A 91.3330 29.7170 550.8803 -1124.2950 661.2440 3288.5900 1 5

722347* 722347 HATTIESBURG MUNI MS 89.2500 31.2670 738.1833 -936.7234 857.1150 3465.2640 1 5

722348* 722348 PINE BELT RGNL AWOS MS 89.3330 31.4670 728.4160 -915.1646 848.4650 3487.1850 1 5

722354* 722354 HAWKINS FIELD MS 90.2170 32.2130 638.3983 -838.9472 762.3050 3567.4430 1 5

722357* 722357 NATCHEZ/HARDY(AWOS) MS 91.3000 31.6170 540.7777 -912.2194 661.2490 3499.2390 1 5

722366* 722366 SLIDELL L A 89.8170 30.3500 692.3811 -1043.2610 805.9880 3361.8670 1 5

722403* 722403 SALT POINT (RAMOS) L A 91.3000 29.6000 554.9055 -1137.1746 664.6270 3275.6700 1 5

722488* 722488 VICKSBURG\TALLULAH L A 91.0330 32.2500 561.4463 -840.2241 685.3040 3569.8450 1 5

747685* 747685 GULFPORT BILOXI INT MS 89.0670 30.4000 764.0119 -1031.6801 877.9440 3369.6810 1 5

747688* 747688 PASCAGOULA MS 88.5330 30.4670 814.5995 -1019.5829 929.0130 3379.0250 1 5

994010* 994010 SOUTHWEST PASS L A 89.4330 28.9000 742.8224 -1202.1420 847.8800 3202.1440 1 5

994260* 994260 SABINE TX 94.0500 29.6670 287.0827 -1142.4170 398.3910 3282.3480 1 5

994290* 994290 GRAND ISLE L A 89.9670 29.2670 687.3269 -1165.2992 794.7240 3241.3830 1 5

994420* 994420 DAUPHIN ISLAND AL 88.0830 30.2500 860.1348 -1039.5895 973.3280 3356.7350 1 5

*A pseudo-WBAN number was assigned for the missing WBAN number.

Note: 722312 and 722319 data for 2003, only. 994290 data for 2002 and 2003.
Table 6.2

Upper Air Stations

WBAN Name State

Geographic Location LCC UTM Coordinates

Longitude Latitude Easterly Northerly Easterly Northerly

Zone

(deg) (deg) (km) (km) (km) (km)

3937 LAKE CHARLES/MUNICIPAL ARPT LA 93.2170 30.1170 366.0080 -1089.0806 479.0950 3331.7700 15

3940 JACKSON/THOMPSON FIELD MS 90.0830 32.3170 650.1048 -826.4515 774.6250 3579.3130 15

13957 SHREVEPORT REGIONAL ARPT LA 93.8300 32.4500 297.6485 -831.2090 421.9862 3590.6198 15

53813 Slidell LA 89.8200 30.3330 692.2422 -1045.1795 805.7520 3359.9730 15
Table 6.3

Precipitation Stations

WBAN Name State

Geographic Location LCC UTM Coordinates

Longitude Latitude Easterly Northerly Easterly Northerly Zone (deg) (deg) (km) (km) (km) (km)

10402 ATMORE ST NURSERY AL 87.4800 31.1700 907.3470 -931.4728 1026.4160 3461.5930 15

12172 DAUPHIN ISLAND 2 AL 88.0800 30.2500 860.4231 -1039.5606 973.6170 3356.7480 15

14193 JACKSON AL 87.9000 31.5000 863.7734 -898.9469 984.6100 3496.3040 15

15478 MOBILE WSO ARPT AL 88.2500 30.6800 839.4557 -993.3103 955.2230 3403.7810 15

16370 PETERMAN 2 SW AL 87.2800 31.5500 921.8113 -887.3103 1043.3170 3504.7780 15

160549 BATON ROUGE WSO AP LA 91.1300 30.5300 564.7158 -1032.2716 679.4070 3379.0040 15

161246 BRUSLY 2 W LA 91.2700 30.3800 552.3220 -1049.8663 666.2280 3362.1630 15

161287 BUNKIE LA 92.1700 30.9500 462.2752 -991.3118 579.2790 3424.3560 15

161899 CLINTON 5 SE LA 90.9700 30.8000 578.0857 -1001.1644 694.2190 3409.1990 15

162534 DONALDSONVILLE 4 SW LA 91.0300 30.0700 577.6989 -1082.9764 689.8870 3328.1780 15

164030 HAMMOND 5 E LA 90.3700 30.5000 637.9519 -1030.5884 752.4190 3377.1330 15

164696 JENA 4 WSW LA 92.2000 31.6700 455.1667 -911.2527 575.8350 3504.1370 15

164700 JENNINGS LA 92.6700 30.2000 418.4516 -1077.4440 531.7640 3340.9930 15

164739 JONESVILLE LOCKS LA 91.8500 31.4800 489.5216 -930.5864 609.2360 3483.3720 15

165021 LAFAYETTE LA 92.0700 30.2200 476.2609 -1072.2560 589.5000 3343.5290 15

165078 LK CHARLES WSO ARPT LA 93.2200 30.1200 365.7043 -1088.7573 478.8070 3332.1030 15

165620 LSU BEN-HUR EXP STN LA 91.1700 30.3700 562.0197 -1050.3686 675.8560 3361.2060 15

165624 LSU CITRUS RESEARCH LA 89.8300 29.5800 697.9226 -1129.2767 807.0990 3276.4440 15

166394 MORGAN CITY LA 91.1800 29.6800 565.9980 -1127.4904 676.1100 3284.7130 15

166582 NATCHITOCHES LA 93.0800 31.7700 371.2965 -904.1217 492.4250 3514.9450 15

166660 NEW ORLEANS WSMO A LA 90.2500 29.9800 653.7943 -1087.7382 765.3360 3319.7530 15

166664 NEW ORLEANS AUDUBON LA 90.1300 29.9200 665.9020 -1093.5644 777.0850 3313.3840 15

168539 SLIDELL WSFO LA 89.7700 30.2500 697.7904 -1054.0494 810.8240 3350.9050 15

169357 VIDALIA 2 LA 91.4700 31.5800 524.9196 -917.3335 645.1790 3494.8990 15

169803 WINNFIELD 2 W LA 92.6800 31.9300 408.3095 -884.5962 530.2490 3532.7210 15

220797 BILOXI 9 WNW MS 89.0300 30.4500 767.0762 -1025.8008 881.3070 3375.3520 15

221094 BROOKHAVEN CITY MS 90.4500 31.5500 621.8265 -914.2358 742.0660 3493.3780 15
Table 6.3 (cont.)

Precipitation Stations

WBAN Name State

Geographic Location LCC UTM Coordinates

Longitude Latitude Easterly Northerly Easterly Northerly Zone (deg) (deg) (km) (km) (km) (km)

221852 COLLINS MS 89.5700 31.6300 704.4664 -898.9216 825.3640 3504.5360 15

224966 LEAKESVILLE MS 88.5500 31.1500 805.8855 -943.7804 924.3570 3454.7610 15

225074 LIBERTY 2 E MS 90.7700 31.1700 594.4002 -958.6598 712.5360 3450.5840 15

225704 MEADVILLE MS 90.8800 31.4700 581.6693 -925.9825 701.4100 3483.6370 15

226718 PASCAGOULA 3 NE MS 88.4800 30.4000 820.3849 -1026.5636 934.4060 3371.7920 15

227220 PURVIS 2 N MS 89.4000 31.1500 725.0195 -950.9404 843.2440 3451.8080 15

227444 RICHTON 3 SSE MS 88.9000 31.3000 771.1068 -930.1499 890.3350 3470.1130 15

227714 RUTH 1 SE MS 90.3000 31.3700 637.5207 -933.2165 756.8020 3473.7600 15

227840 SAUCIER EXP FOREST MS 89.0500 30.6300 763.3987 -1005.9288 878.6840 3395.2550 15

229048 TYLERTOWN 2 WNW MS 90.1800 31.1200 651.0093 -960.1830 768.9280 3446.3230 15

229617 WHITE SAND MS 89.6800 30.8000 701.5116 -992.0814 817.6920 3412.1540 15

229648 WIGGINS RANGER STN MS 89.1500 30.8500 751.7006 -982.2792 868.2510 3419.3290 15

Note: 2001 missing 164700, 166394, 166664, 220797 AND 229617

Note: 2002 missing 15478, 160549, 165078 and 166660

Note: 2003 missing 227714
Table 6.4

Buoy Stations

NODC Name State

Geographic Location LCC UTM Coordinates

Longitude Latitude Easterly Northerly Easterly Northerly Zone (deg) (deg) (km) (km) (km) (km)

42040 MOBILE SOUTH 64 NM SOUTH OF DAUPHIN ISLAND AL 88.2000 29.2080 860.1680 -1156.8460 966.8688 3240.5876 1 5

42007 BILOXI 22 NM SOUTH-SOUTHEAST OF BILOXI MS 88.7690 30.0900 795.7710 -1063.6580 907.8873 3336.3177 1 5
6.2 Geophysical Data

Land Use Data. Land Use Data are used to develop the surface characteristic for input 

to the CALMET model. The best large-scale land use data sets are the USGS National 

Land Cover Datasets (NLCD 92), which have a 30-meter resolution. Data extracted 

from these data sets are used as raw data input to the CTGPROC program to calculate 

surface characteristics for input to the CALMET program. Figure 6.5 shows land use for 

each grid cell (output from ctgproc.exe and makegeo.exe). 

Terrain Data. Terrain data is used by the CALMET model to modify the Initial Guess 

Wind Fields in developing the Step 1 Wind Fields. USGS 1:250,000 scale Digital 

Elevation Model (DEM) data are used as the raw data input to the TERREL program to 

calculate elevations for input to the CALMET program. Figure 6.5 shows contours 

based on the elevation of the center of each grid cell (output from terrel.exe). 

Figure 6.5 Land Use and Terrain
6.3 Preparing Data for CALMET

SMERGE. The SMERGE program reads multiple surface data files that may be in 

several different formats, makes any needed units conversion, and writes the combined 

data to a single file (surf.dat). The surf.dat file is read by CALMET as observations and 

is used in the modification of the Step 1 Wind Fields in developing the Step 2 Wind 

Fields.

READ62. The READ62 program reads an upper air data file and a substitution file, 

extracts soundings, makes any needed units conversion, substitutes for missing or bad 

data from the substitution file, and writes the data to a processed data file (*.ua) for 

each upper air station. The substitution file is an extraction of the nearest CALMM5 

node. READ62 is repeated for each upper air file. Any data errors flagged in the 

READ62 output files are corrected and documented in the upper air list (.lst) files for 

each station. The processed data files are read by CALMET as observations and are 

used in the modification of the Step 1 Wind Fields in developing the Step 2 Wind Fields. 

PXTRACT and PMERGE. PXTRACT and PMERGE extract data for specific stations 

and combine the data into a single processed data file (PRECIP.DAT). The processed 

data file is read by CALMET as observations and is used in the modification of the Step 

1 Wind Fields in developing the Step 2 Wind Fields.

CTGPROC. CTGPROC reads land use data and calculates weighted land use for each 

grid cell in the modeling domain and writes a processed data file. 

TERREL. TERREL reads terrain data, calculates the elevation of the center of each grid 

cell in the modeling domain, and writes a processed data file. 

MAKEGEO. MAKEGEO reads the processed data files from CTGPROC and TERREL. 

MAKEGEO calculates weighted surface characteristics and writes these characteristics 

along with the terrain elevations to a processed data file (MAKEGEO.DAT). The 

processed data file is used by the CALMET model to modify the Initial Guess Wind 

Fields in developing the Step 1 Wind Fields. Figure 6.3 shows the land use for each grid 

cell and topographic lines based on the terrain elevation at the center of each grid cell.

6.4 CALMET Options

MREG. The regulatory default option, MREG, will be set to one (1 = required). 

NoObs. The NoObs option will be set to zero so that surface and upper air stations are 

required. Overwater (buoy) data and precipitation data will also be used.

EPA-FLM Recommended Settings. The major CALMET EPA/FLM Recommended 

Settings are shown in Table 6.5. All settings will be as required by the Clarification 

Memorandum of August 31, 2009.
Table 6.5

EPA-FLM CALMET Settings

Parameter Description CALMET EPA/FLM

Default Value

TERRAD Radius of Influence of Terrain None 15

RMAX1 None 100

RMAX2 None 200

RMAX3 None 200

R1 None 50

R2 None 100

Max. radius of influence over 

land in surface layer

Max. radius of influence over 

land in layers aloft

Max. radius of influence over 

water

Relative weighting in surface 

layer

Relative weighting in the aloft 

layer
7. CALPUFF Analysis

The CALPUFF model calculates transport and dispersion using the three-dimensional 

Meteorological Grid created by CALMET. The technical options that will be used in 

CALPUFF are listed in Appendix B, which is a CALPUFF input file for 2001. 

The CALPUFF default values for particle size parameters and scavenging coefficients 

for sulfate and nitrate particles will be used. 

Ammonia. As in the 2007 analysis, a constant background ammonia concentration of 

3.0 parts per billion (ppb) will be used as input to CALPUFF for calculating chemical 

transformation using the MESOPUFF II chemical transformation procedure. 

Ozone. The hourly ozone files from the 2007 analysis will be used. Monthly average 

values were calculated for each month and will be used for missing data. Table 7.1 lists 

the average ozone values for each month.

Table 7.1

Month 2001 2002 2003

January 20.87535 23.12891 24.92080 

February 25.09028 29.52795 24.28612

March 34.87327 31.38484 33.93057

April 36.24034 33.80058 37.85152

May 38.01718 35.46679 39.30647

June 34.46120 32.98103 33.02329

July 35.22554 29.20031 28.53507

August 33.63565 37.03028 33.90635

September 27.97368 35.61813 33.09259

October 28.62675 20.19771 30.40248

November 24.67059 24.26124 22.96470 

December 21.96526 21.46122 24.35795

Average Monthly Ozone Background 

Concentrations (ppb)
Receptors. In accordance with EPA-FLM guidance, the required discrete receptor 

locations contained in the NPS database for Class I areas will be used in the CALPUFF 

analysis. Each receptor provided by this database has an associated terrain height. 

Table 7.2 shows the receptors for the Breton NWR.
8. POSTUTIL and CALPOST Analysis

Table 7.2

NPS Receptors for Breton NWR Class I Area

Geographic Location LCC UTM Coordinates

Longitude Latitude Easterly Northerly Easterly Northerly Zone (deg) (deg) (km) (km) (km) (km) (m)

89.0042 29.6208 777.7102 -1118.0130 887.0070 3283.4487 1 5 0

88.9792 29.6375 779.9709 -1115.9389 889.3661 3285.3817 1 5 0

88.9708 29.6458 780.6968 -1114.9374 890.1416 3286.3343 1 5 0

88.9625 29.6542 781.4225 -1113.9359 890.9169 3287.2870 1 5 0

88.9125 29.7208 785.6071 -1106.0668 895.5004 3294.8538 1 5 0

88.8708 29.7625 789.2269 -1101.0580 899.3700 3299.6204 1 5 0

88.8625 29.7875 789.7834 -1098.1972 900.0770 3302.4232 1 5 0

88.8458 29.8042 791.2295 -1096.1934 901.6233 3304.3305 1 5 1

88.8458 29.8125 791.1458 -1095.2640 901.5899 3305.2551 1 5 1

88.8375 29.8292 791.7848 -1093.3328 902.3293 3307.1335 1 5 1

88.8375 29.8375 791.7011 -1092.4035 902.2959 3308.0581 1 5 1

88.8292 29.8542 792.3396 -1090.4724 903.0349 3309.9365 1 5 1

88.8292 29.8625 792.2559 -1089.5431 903.0013 3310.8612 1 5 1

88.8292 29.8708 792.1721 -1088.6139 902.9677 3311.7858 1 5 1

88.8292 29.8792 792.0883 -1087.6848 902.9341 3312.7104 1 5 1

88.8292 29.8875 792.0046 -1086.7556 902.9005 3313.6350 1 5 0

88.8292 29.8958 791.9208 -1085.8265 902.8669 3314.5597 1 5 0

88.8292 29.9125 791.7533 -1083.9682 902.7997 3316.4089 1 5 0

88.8208 29.9125 792.5586 -1083.8956 903.6052 3316.4382 1 5 1

88.8208 29.9208 792.4747 -1082.9665 903.5715 3317.3629 1 5 1

88.8292 29.9292 791.5858 -1082.1101 902.7324 3318.2582 1 5 0

88.8208 29.9292 792.3909 -1082.0375 903.5378 3318.2875 1 5 1

88.8292 29.9375 791.5020 -1081.1811 902.6988 3319.1828 1 5 0

88.8208 29.9375 792.3071 -1081.1085 903.5041 3319.2121 1 5 1

88.8292 29.9458 791.4182 -1080.2521 902.6651 3320.1074 1 5 1

88.8292 29.9542 791.3345 -1079.3231 902.6315 3321.0321 1 5 1

88.8375 29.9625 790.4459 -1078.4666 901.7927 3321.9274 1 5 0

88.8292 29.9625 791.2507 -1078.3941 902.5978 3321.9567 1 5 1

88.8375 29.9708 790.3623 -1077.5376 901.7591 3322.8520 1 5 0

88.8292 29.9708 791.1670 -1077.4651 902.5641 3322.8813 1 5 1

88.8375 29.9792 790.2786 -1076.6087 901.7254 3323.7766 1 5 0

88.8375 29.9875 790.1949 -1075.6798 901.6918 3324.7013 1 5 0

88.8375 29.9958 790.1113 -1074.7509 901.6582 3325.6259 1 5 1

88.8458 30.0042 789.2232 -1073.8944 900.8198 3326.5213 1 5 0

88.8458 30.0125 789.1397 -1072.9655 900.7862 3327.4459 1 5 0

88.8542 30.0208 788.2519 -1072.1090 899.9480 3328.3413 1 5 0

88.8542 30.0292 788.1684 -1071.1802 899.9144 3329.2659 1 5 1

88.8625 30.0375 787.2808 -1070.3236 899.0764 3330.1614 1 5 0

88.8708 30.0458 786.3934 -1069.4669 898.2385 3331.0569 1 5 0

88.8792 30.0542 785.5062 -1068.6102 897.4007 3331.9525 1 5 0

Ground 

Elevation
CALPOST is the CALPUFF modeling system post-processor that computes the final 

modeling results. CALPOST performs averaging and ranking of the concentration or 

deposition values derived from CALPUFF or POSTUTIL. CALPOST is processed 

individually for each impact-of-interest (e.g., concentrations, visibility impacts, and total 

deposition of sulfur and nitrogen). The technical options that will be used in POSTUTIL 

are listed in Appendix C, which is a POSTUTIL input file for 2001. The technical options 

that will be used in CALPOST are listed in Appendix D, which is a CALPOST input file

for 2001. 

POSTUTIL. POSTUTIL will be used to re-compute the HNO3/NO3 concentration 

partition for the TOTAL (all sources) concentration fields (SO4, NO3, HNO3; NH3) 

(MNITRATE = 1). A monthly average of 3.0 parts per billion (ppb) will be used for 

ammonia.

Visibility. CALPOST will be used to predict the impacts that the Project emissions will 

have at the Breton NWR Class I Area. The CALPOST postprocessor uses the 

POSTUTIL concentrations to calculate the change in light extinction due to the project 

emissions. CALPOST includes several methods to calculate visibility. Following the 

EPA-FLM guidance, the IMPROVE (2006) formulation (MFRH = 4) will be used along 

with Method 8 (MVISBK = 8), Mode 5 (M8_MODE = 5). Values from the FLAG2010 

guidance document will be used for the relative humidity adjustment factors and for the 

background concentrations for average conditions. 

The background conditions and relative humidity factors for Method 8 for the Breton 

NWR are from the Federal Land Managers’ Air Quality Related Values Workgroup 

(FLAG), Phase I Report – Revised (2010). Table 8.1 shows the relative humidity 

adjustment factors for Breton NWR and Table 8.2 shows the monthly background 

concentrations for average conditions for Breton NWR.
Table 8.1

Month Sea Salt

January 2.91 4.08 4.10

February 2.76 3.82 3.89

March 2.74 3.79 3.87

April 2.72 3.74 3.85

May 2.83 3.94 4.02

June 2.94 4.12 4.21

July 3.10 4.41 4.44

August 3.07 4.37 4.38

September 2.97 4.18 4.23

October 2.82 3.92 3.99

November 2.83 3.93 4.01

December 2.90 4.06 4.11

Monthly Average Relative Humidity Adjustment Factors for the 

Breton NWR Class I Area

Large SO4 

and NO3

Small SO4 

and NO3

Table 8.2

Monthly Background Concentrations for the Breton NWR Class I Area

Month

Soil Sea Salt

January 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

February 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

March 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

April 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

May 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

June 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

July 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

August 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

September 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

October 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

November 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

December 0.23 0.1 1.78 0.02 0.48 3.01 0.19

Ammonium 

Sulfate

Ammonium 

Nitrate

Organic 

Mass

Elemental 

Carbon

Coarse 

Mass

(mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3)
Appendix A

CALMET Control File

(see file Appendix_ABCD.zip)
Appendix B

CALPUFF Control File

(see file Appendix_ABCD.zip)
Appendix C

POSTUTIL Control File

(see file Appendix_ABCD.zip)
Appendix D

CALPOST Control File

(see file Appendix_ABCD.zip)