United States Office of Water EPA-823-R-02-005

 Environmental Protection 4305T

 Agency Washington, DC 20460

Quality Assurance Project Plan for

Sample Collection Activities for a

National Study of Chemical Residues in 

Lake Fish Tissue

Prepared for:

Leanne Stahl, National Study Manager

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (MC 4305T)

Washington, D.C. 20460

Prepared by:

Tetra Tech, Inc.

10045 Red Run Boulevard, Suite 110

Owings Mills, MD 21117 May 2000

This quality assurance project plan (QAPP) has been prepared according to guidance

provided in the document EPA Requirements for Quality Assurance Project Plans (EPA

QA/R-5, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Quality Assurance Division,

Washington, DC, Interim Final, November 1999) to ensure that environmental and

related data collected, compiled, and/or generated for this project are complete,

accurate, and of the type, quantity, and quality required for their intended use. The

work conducted by Tetra Tech will be in conformance with the quality assurance

program described in the quality management plan for Tetra Tech’s Fairfax Group and

with the procedures detailed in this QAPP.

Esther C. Peters, Ph.D. Date William Telliard Date

Quality Assurance Officer Quality Assurance Manager

Tetra Tech, Inc. USEPA, Office of Science &

 Technology

Blaine D. Snyder Date Leanne Stahl Date

Work Assignment Leader Work Assignment Manager

Tetra Tech, Inc. USEPA, Office of Science &

 Technology

Esther C. Peters, Ph.D. Date William Telliard Date

Quality Assurance Officer Quality Assurance Manager

Tetra Tech, Inc. USEPA, Office of Science &

 Technology

Blaine D. Snyder Date Leanne Stahl Date

Work Assignment Leader Work Assignment Manager

Tetra Tech, Inc. USEPA, Office of Science &

 Technology

Quality Assurance Project Plan

for Sample Collection Activities for a

National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue

Prepared for:

Leanne Stahl, Work Assignment Manager

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (MC 4305)

Washington, D.C. 20460

Prepared by:

Tetra Tech, Inc.

10045 Red Run Boulevard, Suite 110

Owings Mills, MD 21117

May 22, 2000

Final 

Approvals:

 

National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page iii of xv

CONTENTS

List of Tables .................................................................. v

List of Figures ................................................................. v

Distribution List ............................................................... vi

A Project Management

1.0 Project/Task Organization ...................................... 1

2.0 Problem Definition/Background .................................. 4

3.0 Project/Task Description ....................................... 6

4.0 Quality Objectives and Criteria for Measurement Data ................. 9

4.1 Project Quality Objectives ................................ 9

4.2 Measurement Performance Criteria ......................... 10

5.0 Special Training Requirements/Certification ......................... 13

6.0 Documentation and Records .................................... 13

B Data Acquisition

7.0 Sampling Process Design ...................................... 16

7.1 Sample Type ......................................... 16

7.2 Sampling Period ....................................... 17

7.3 Sample Frame ........................................ 17

7.4 Selection of Lakes for Sampling ........................... 18

7.5 Nontarget Population, Inaccessible Lakes, and Lakes for Which

Access is Denied ...................................... 19

7.6 Reserve Sample of Lakes ................................ 20

8.0 Sampling Methods ........................................... 21

8.1 Target Species ........................................ 21

8.2 Composite Sampling ................................... 22

8.3 Sample Collection ..................................... 23

9.0 Sample Handling and Custody Requirements ....................... 25

9.1 Sample Handling ...................................... 25

9.2 Sample Integrity ....................................... 26

9.3 Custody Requirements .................................. 27
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page iv of xv

10.0 Analytical Methods Requirements ................................ 30

11.0 Quality Control Requirements ................................... 30

12.0 Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance Requirements . 30

13.0 Instrument Calibration and Frequency ............................. 31

14.0 Inspection/Acceptance Requirements for Supplies and Consumables ...... 31

15.0 Data Acquisition Requirements (Nondirect Measurements) ............. 31

16.0 Data Management ........................................... 31

C Assessment/Oversight

17.0 Assessment and Response Actions ............................... 32

18.0 Reports to Management ....................................... 34

D Data Validation and Usability

19.0 Data Review, Validation, and Verification Requirements ............... 34

20.0 Validation and Verification Methods .............................. 34

21.0 Reconciliation with Data Quality Objectives ........................ 35

Literature Cited ............................................................... 36

Appendices

 A Randomly Selected List of Target Lakes

 B Standard Operating Procedure: Fish Tissue Sample Collection Procedures for a National Study

of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue

 C Standard Operating Procedure: pH Measurements

 D Field Data Element Dictionary
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page v of xv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Project Time Line for Milestones Associated with Fish Tissue Sample 

Collection Activities ................................................. 8

Table 2 Types of Field Data to Be Collected in Association with Fish Tissue Sample 

Collection ....................................................... 10

Table 3 Numbers of Lakes by Size Category in Sample Frame (Based on RF3) ......... 18

Table 4 Number of Lakes Selected for Sampling by Size Category and Year ............ 19

Table 5 Number of Lakes (by Size Category and Year) Selected as a Reserve Sample .... 20

Table 6 Recommended Target Species for Inland Freshwaters (in Order of

Preference) ...................................................... 22

Table 7 Equipment and Supply List for Fish Tissue Sampling ........................ 24

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Organizational Diagram for the National Study of Chemical Residues 

in Lake Fish Tissue .................................................. 2
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page vi of xv

DISTRIBUTION LIST

James Amrhein

WI Department of Natural Resources

P.O. Box 7921

Madison, WI 53707

608/266-5325 (phone)

608/266-2244 (fax)

Tom Armitage

USEPA/OST (4305)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

202/260-5388 (phone)

202/260-9830 (fax)

Alan Auwarter

EPA Region 4

Science and Ecosystem Support Division

980 College Station Road

Athens, GA 30605-2720

706/355-8704 (phone)

706/355-8726 (fax)

John Biagi

GA DNR

Wildlife Resources Division

The Stream Team

2425 Marbin Farms Road

Mansfield, GA 30055

770/784-3126 (phone)

770-784-3129 (fax)

William Botts

PA DEP 

909 Elmerton Avenue

Harrisburg, PA 17110

717/705-4776 (phone)

717/705-4760 (fax)

Mark A. Briggs

MN Department of Natural Resources

500 Lafayette Road, Box 25

St. Paul, MN 55155-4025

651/215-0316 (phone)

651/296-1811 (fax)

Robert Brodberg

CA Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Environmental Health Hazard

Assessment

301 Capitol Mall, Rm 205

Sacramento, CA 95814-4327

916/323-4763 (phone)

916/327-7320 (fax)

Alan Buchanan

Missouri Department of Conservation

1110 S. College Ave.

Columbia, MO 65201

573/882-9880 X3257 (phone)

573/882-4517 (fax)

Lawrence Burkhard

USEPA Environmental Effects Research

Lab

Mid Continent Ecology Division/ORD

6201 Congdon Boulevard

Duluth, MN 55804

218/529-5164 (phone)

218/529-5003 (fax)

Dan Butler

OKCC

413 Northwest 12th Street

Oklahoma City, OK 73103-3706

405/979-2206 (phone) 

405/979-2212 (fax)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page vii of xv

Michael Callam

NE Department of Environmental Quality

1200 N Street, Suite 400

Atrium Bldg.

Lincoln, NE 68509-8922

402/471-4249 (phone)

402/471-2909 (fax)

Bud Cann

NJ DEP

P.O. Box 427, 35 Arctic Parkway

Trenton, NJ 08625

609/292-0427 (phone)

609/633-1095 (fax)

Robert W. Cooner

AL Dept. of Environmental Management

P.O. Box 301463

Montgomery, AL 36130-1463

334/260-2746 (phone)

334/272-8131 (fax)

Sarah Conrad

DynCorp, Inc.

6101 Stevenson Avenue

Alexandria, VA 22304

703/461-2373 (phone)

Dave Courtemanch

ME DEP

State House #17

Augusta, ME 04333

207/287-7789 (phone)

207/287-7191 (fax)

Dave Crane

CA Department of Fish and Game

Water Pollution Control Lab

2005 Nimbus Road

Rancho Cordova, CA 95670

916/358-2859 (phone)

916/985-4301(fax) 

Steve Cringan

KS Department of Health & Environment

Division of Environment

Forbes Field

Topeka, KS 66620

785/296-5571 (phone)

Phil Crocker

USEPA, Region 6

Fountain Place/6WQ-EW

1445 Ross Avenue

Suite 1200

Dallas, TX 75202-2733

214/665-6644 (phone)

214/665-6689 (fax)

Marc Dahlberg

Arizona Game and Fish Department

2221 W. Greenway

Phoenix, AZ 85023

602/789-3260 (phone)

602/789-3265 (fax)

Bob Day

MI Department of Environmental Quality

Surface Water Quality Division

Knapps Centre

P.O. Box 30273

Lansing, MI 48909-7773

517/335-3314 (phone)

517/373-9958 (fax)

Richard Denton

UT Department of Environmental Quality

Division of Water Quality

P.O. Box 144870

Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4870

801/538-6055 (phone)

801/538-6016 (fax)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page viii of xv

Kevin Dorman

AR Department of Environmental Quality

P.O. Box 8912

Little Rock, AR 72219-8912

501/682-0666 (phone)

501/682-0910 (fax)

Don Dycus

Tennessee Valley Authority

1101 Market Street, CST 17D

Chattanooga, TN 37402

423/751-7322 (phone)

423/751-7648 (fax) 

Robert Estabrook

NH DES

6 Hazen Drive

Concord, NH 03301

603/271-3357 (phone)

603/271-7899 (fax)

Mike Ell

ND Department of Health 

Division of Water Quality

1200 Missouri Ave., Rm 203

Bismarck, ND 58506

701/328-5214 (phone)

701/328-5200 (fax)

John Ford

MO Department of Natural Resources

P.O. Box 176

Jefferson City, MO 65102

573/751-7428 (phone)

573/751-7024 (fax)

Gene Foster

OR Department of Environmental Quality

Water Quality Division

811 SW 6th Avenue

Portland, OR 97204

503/229-5358 (phone)

503/229-6124 (fax)

Robert Frey

PA Department of Environmental Protection

Bureau of Watershed Conservation

P.O. Box 8555

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8555

717/787-9637 (phone)

717/787-9549 (fax)

Mike George

Utah DEQ

288 N, 1460 W

Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4870

801/538-9325 (phone)

801/538-6016 (fax)

Al Gibson

MS DEQ, Field Services Division

Biological Services Section

1542 Old Whitfield Road

Pearl, MS 39208

601/664-3963 (phone)

601/664-3938 (fax)

Jim Green

US EPA Wheeling Field Office

1060 Chapline Street, Suite 303

Wheeling, WV 26003-2995

304/234-0243 (phone)

304/234-0260 (fax)

Jean Gregory

VA Department of Environmental Quality

P.O. Box 10009

Richmond, VA 23240-0009

804/698-4113 (phone)

Mark Hale 

NC DENR, Division of Water Quality 

Ecosystems Analysis Unit

4401 Reedy Creek Road

Raleigh, NC 27607

919/733-6946 x240 (phone)

919/733-9959 (fax)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page ix of xv

Robert Hanten

SD Game, Fish, and Parks

523 East Capitol Street

Pierre, SD 57501

605/223-7702 (phone)

605/773-3399 (fax)

Scott Hardin

FL Game & Freshwater Fish Commission

Farris Bryant Building

620 S. Meridian Street

Tallahassee, FL 32399-1600

850/488-4068 (phone)

Chris Harman

AL DEM, Montgomery Branch

Field Operations Division

1890 Dickinson Drive, Building A

Montgomery, AL 36109

334/260-2751 (phone)

Linda Harn

GA Department of Natural Resources

Environmental Protection Division

Watershed Planning & Monitoring Program

7 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Suite 643

Atlanta, GA 30330

404/656-4905 (phone)

404/657-7031 (fax)

Janet Hashimoto

USEPA, Region 9

75 Hawthorne Street

San Francisco, CA 94105

415/744-1933 (phone)

415/744-1235 (fax)

Brian Hoelscher

ID DEQ

1410 N. Hilton

Boise, ID 83706

208/373-0117 (phone)

208/373-0143 (fax)

Thomas Hornshaw

IL Environmental Protection Agency

1021 North Grand Avenue East

Springfield, IL 62794-9276

217/785-0830 (phone)

217/782-1431 (fax)

Bill Horton

ID Department of Fish & Game

P.O. Box 25

Boise, ID 83707-0025

208/334-3791 (phone)

Peter Husby

USEPA

Region 9 Laboratory

1337 S. 46th Street

Building 201

Richmond, CA 94804-4698

510/412-2331 (phone)

Gary Isbell

Ohio Department of Natural Resources

Division of Wildlife

Fountain Square, G-3

Columbus, OH 53224-1837

Rachel Jablonka

USEPA, Region 2

290 Broadway

New York, NY 10007-1866

212/637-3853 (phone)

212/637-3889 (fax)

Matt Kadlec

WA Department of Ecology

Environmental Assessment Program

P.O. Box 47600

Olympia, WA 98504-7600

360/407-6771 (phone)

360/407-6884 (fax)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page x of xv

Henry Kahn

USEPA/OST (4303)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20460

202/260-5408 (phone)

202/260-7185 (fax)

Chuck Kanetsky

USEPA, Region 3

1650 Arch Street/3ES10

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029

215/814-2735 (phone)

215/814-2782 (fax)

Ronald Klauda

MD Department of Natural Resources

Tawes State Office Building, B-2

580 Taylor Avenue

Annapolis, MD 21401

410/974-3782 (phone)

410/974-2680 (fax)

Kellie Kubena

USEPA, Region 10

1200 Sixth Avenue/OEA-095

Seattle, WA 98101

206/553-1904 (phone)

206/553-0119 (fax)

James P. Kurtenbach

EPA DESA

2890 Woodbridge Avenue

Edison, NJ 08837

732/321-6695 (phone)

732/321-6616 (fax)

Richard Langdon

VT DEC Lab 

103 S. Main Street

Waterbury, VT 05676

802/241-1379 (phone)

802/241-3008 (fax)

Dore LaRosta 

EPA DESA

2890 Woodbridge Avenue

Edison, NJ 08837

732/321-6686 (phone)

732/321-6616 (fax)

Robert Maietta

MA Department of Environmental Protection

Office of Watershed Management

627 Main Street (2nd Floor)

Worcester, MA 01608

508/767-2793 (phone)

508/791-4131 (fax)

Randy Manning

GA DNR

Environmental Protection Division

745 Gaines School Road

Athens, GA 30605

706/369-6376 (phone)

706/369-6398 (fax)

Dave McKinney

Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency

P.O. Box 40747

Nashville, TN 37204

615/781-6500 (phone)

Chris Moore

DynCorp, Inc.

6101 Stevenson Avenue

Alexandria, VA 22304

703/461-2360 (phone)

Barry Mower

ME Department of Environmental Protection

17 Statehouse Station

Augusta, ME 04333

207/287-7777 (phone)

207/287-7191 (fax)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page xi of xv

Denise Moyer

KY Department of Environmental Protection 

Division of Water 

Ecological Support Section

14 Reilly Road

Frankfort, KY 40601

502/564-3401 X156 (phone)

502/564-0111 (fax)

Pete Nolan

New England Regional Lab

60 Westview Street

Lexington, MA 02421

781/860-4343 (phone)

781/860-4397 (fax)

Kevin Novo-Gradac

MD Department of the Environment

2500 Broening Hwy

Baltimore, MD 21224

410/631-3906 (phone)

Scott Nykerk

CO Division of Wildlife

6060 Broadway

Denver, CO 80216

303/291-7323 (phone)

303/291-7456 (fax)

Tony Olsen

National Health and Environmental Effects

Laboratory/ORD

Western Ecology Division

200 SW 35th Street

Corvallis, OR 97333-4902

541/754-4790 (phone)

541/754-4716 (fax)

John Olson

Iowa Department of Natural Resources

Wallace State Office Building

900 E. Grand Avenue

Des Moines, IA 50319

515/281-8905 (phone)

515/281-8895 (fax)

Toney Ott

USEPA, Region 8

999 18th Street (8EPR-EP)

Suite 500

Denver, CO 80202-2466

303/312-6909 (phone)

Jimmie Overton

NC DENR, Division of Water Quality

Ecosystems Analysis Unit

4401 Reedy Creek Road

Raleigh, NC 26707

919/733-9960 (phone)

919/733-9959 (fax)

Randy Parham

OK DEQ

P.O. Box 1677

Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677

405/702-1026 (phone) 

405/702-1001 (fax)

Steve Paulsen

National Health and Environmental Effects

Laboratory/ORD

Western Ecology Division

200 SW 35th Street

Corvallis, OR 97333-4902

541/754-4428 (phone)

541/754-4716 (fax)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page xii of xv

Ken Paxton

Ohio DNR

1840 Belcher Drive

Columbus, OH 43221

614/265-6348 (phone)

614/262-1143 (fax)

Eric Pearson

ND Department of Health 

Division of Water Quality

1200 Missouri Ave., Rm 203

Bismarck, ND 58506

701/328-5230 (phone)

701/328-5200 (fax)

John Persell

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe

P.O. Box 217

Cass Lake, MN 56633-0217

218/335-6303 (phone)

218/335-8187 (fax)

Esther Peters

Tetra Tech, Inc.

10306 Easton Place, Suite 340

Fairfax, VA 22030

703/385-6000 (phone)

703/385-6007 (fax)

David Petrick

TX Natural Resource Conservation

Commission

Standards and Assessment Section

Water Quality Division

P.O. Box 13087

Austin, TX 78711-3087

512/239-4598 (phone)

512/239-4420 (fax)

Ernest Pizzuto

CT Department of Environmental 

Protection

Bureau of Water

79 Elm Street

Hartford, CT 06106

860/424-3715 (phone)

860/424-4055 (fax)

Tom Proch, 

PA DEP/SWRO

400 Waterfront Dr. 

Pittsburgh, PA 15222 

412/442-4051 (phone)

412/442-4325 (fax)

Walter (Pete) Redmon

USEPA, Region 5

77 W. Jackson Blvd./WT15J

Chicago, IL 60604-3507

312/886-6110 (phone)

312/886-0168 (fax)

Amanda Richardson

Tetra Tech, Inc.

10045 Red Run Blvd., Suite 110

Owings Mills, MD 21117

410/356-8993 (phone)

410/356-9005 (fax)

Robert Richardson

RI IDEM

235 Promenade Street

Providence, RI 02908

401/222-4700 x7240 (phone)

401/521-4230 (fax)

Lynn Riddick

DynCorp, Inc.

6101 Stevenson Avenue

Alexandria, VA 22304

703/461-2060 (phone)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page xiii of xv

Bruce Ruppel

NJ Department of Environmental Protection

Division of Science and Research

P.O. Box 409

Trenton, NJ 08625-409

609/984-6548 (phone)

609/292-7340 (fax)

Gary Schiffmiller

NMED

1190 St. Francis Drive

Santa Fe, NM 87502

505/827-2470 (phone) 

505/827-0160 (fax)

Lorenzo Sena

EPA Region 7

901 North 5th Street

Kansas City, KS 66101

913/551-7017 (phone)

913/551-7948 (fax)

Dave Serdar

WA Dept. of Ecology

300 Desmond Drive

Olympia, WA 98504-7600

360/407-6772 (phone)

360/407-6884 (fax)

Tony Shaw

PA DEP/NERO 

400 Market Street

Harrisburg, PA 17105

717/787-9637 (phone)

717/787-9549 (fax)

Cindy Simbanin

USEPA/OST (4303)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

202/260-5019 (phone)

202/260-7185 (fax)

Don Skaar

MT Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks

1420 East 6th Avenue

Helena, MT 59620-0701

406/444-5686, 406/444-2449 (phone)

406/444-4952 (fax)

Larry Skinner

NYS Dept of Environmental Conservation

Bureau of Habitat

50 Wolf Road, Rm 576 

Albany, NY 12233-4756

518/457-0751 (phone)

518/485-8424 (fax)

Janice E. Smithson, Wildlife Biologist III

Department of Environmental Protection

Division of Water Resources

1201 Greenbrier Street

Charleston, WV 25311

Phone: (304) 558-2108

Fax: (304) 558-2780

jsmithson@mail.dep.wv.state.us

Blaine Snyder

Tetra Tech, Inc.

10045 Red Run Blvd., Suite 110

Owings Mills, MD 21117

410/356-8993 (phone)

410/356-9005 (fax)

Patrick Snyder

Dept of Environment and Natural Resources

523 East Capitol Avenue

Pierre, SD 57501

605/773-4729 (phone)

Betsy Southerland

USEPA/OST (4305)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

202/260-3966 (phone)

202/260-9830 (fax)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page xiv of xv

Jim Stahl

IN Department of Environmental

Management

OWM Shade 65-40-2

P.O. Box 6015

Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015

317/308-3187 (phone)

317/308-3219 (fax)

Leanne Stahl

USEPA/OST (4305)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

202/260-7055 (phone)

202/260-9830 (fax)

Tom Stauffer

PA DEP/NERO

2 Public Square, Suite 151

Wilkes-Barre, PA 18711-0790

570/820-4923 (phone)

570/830-3016 (fax)

Bill Telliard

USEPA/OST (4303)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

202/260-7134 (phone)

202/260-7185 (fax)

Will Tucker 

LA DEQ

100 Asma Blvd., Suite 151

Lafayette, LA 70508

318/262-5585 (phone)

318/262-5593 (fax)

Dennis Unkenholz

SD Department of Game, Fish & Parks

523 East Capitol Avenue

Pierre, SD 57501

605/773-4508 (phone)

Mark Warren

NV Division of Wildlife

1100 Valley Road

Reno, NV 89520

775/688-1535 (phone)

775/688-1595 (fax)

Gary Welker

EPA Region 7

901 N. 5th Street

Kansas City, KS 66101

913/551-7177 (phone)

913/551-8752 (fax)

Bob Williamson

IL DNR

524 S. 2nd Street

Springfield, IL 62701

217/782-6424 (phone)

217/785-8262 (fax)

Sherry Wills

PA DEP

2 Public Square

Wilkes-Barre, PA 18711-0790

570/826-2553 (phone)

570/830-3016 (fax)

Steve Wolff

Wyoming Game & Fish Department

5400 Bishop Blvd.

Cheyenne, WY 82006

307/777-4673 (phone)

307/777-4677 (fax)

John Woodling

CO Division of Wildlife

6060 Broadway

Denver, CO 80216

303/291-7224 (phone)

303/291-7456 (fax)
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page xv of xv

Bill Yake

WA Dept. of Ecology

300 Desmond Drive

Olympia, WA 98504-7600

360/407-6778 (phone)

360/407-6884 (fax)

Edward Younginer

SC DHEC

Bureau of Water Monitoring

Assessment & Protection Division

2600 Bull Street

Columbia, SC 29201

803/734-5401 (phone)

803/734-4435 (fax)

National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 1 of 36

A. PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1.0 PROJECT/TASK ORGANIZATION

This Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) describes the quality assurance (QA) and quality control

(QC) activities/procedures that will be used while collecting samples for the National Study of Chemical

Residues in Lake Fish Tissue (hereafter referred to as the National Fish Tissue Study) from 1999

through 2002. The purpose of this document is to present the methods and procedures that will be

used for the collection of fish tissue from lakes and reservoirs throughout the United States and the

quality assurance procedures that will be employed. This document addresses only the sample

collection effort of the National Fish Tissue Study.

This QAPP was prepared according to guidance presented in the document EPA Requirements for

Quality Assurance Project Plans, EPA QA/R-5 (USEPA 1999a). Reference to the QAPP elements

described in the guidance document are included herein. The sample collection methods, procedures

and protocols follow the guidelines and recommendations of Guidance For Assessing Chemical

Contaminant Data For Use in Fish Advisories. Volume I: Fish Sampling and Analysis, Second

Edition (USEPA 1995 )[or subsequent updates].

The project team organization provides the framework for conducting the sample collection task to

meet study objectives. The organizational structure and function also facilitate project performance and

adherence to QC procedures and QA requirements. Key roles are filled by those persons responsible

for ensuring the collection and processing of valid data and for routinely assessing the data for precision

and accuracy, as well as the persons responsible for approving and accepting final products and

deliverables. The project and QA personnel include staff from USEPA and other participating federal

agencies, selected state resource agencies, Native American tribes, and Tetra Tech. The project

organizational chart is presented in Figure 1, and includes relationships and lines of communication

among key project team members.

The USEPA Project Manager is Leanne Stahl, who will supervise the assigned project personnel to

provide for their efficient utilization by directing their efforts either directly or indirectly. As Project

Manager she will also have the following responsibilities:

• providing oversight for study design, site selection, and adherence to design objectives,

• reviewing and approving the project work plan, QAPP, and other materials developed

to support the project, and

• coordinating with contractors, reviewers and USEPA Regions/States/Tribes to ensure

technical quality and contract adherence.
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 2 of 36

USEPA Office of Science and

Technology Director

Leanne Stahl

USEPA Project Manager

William Telliard

USEPA QA Manager

Esther Peters

Tetra Tech QA Officer

USEPA

Regional/State/Tribal

Fish Sampling

Coordinators

Blaine Snyder

Tetra Tech Task Leader

Tetra Tech Field

Sampling Team(s)

USEPA

Sampling

Teams

State and Tribal

Field Sampling

Teams

Key

Project Management

Authority

Lines of Communication

Figure 1. Organizational Diagram for the National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish 

Tissue.

The USEPA Quality Assurance Manager is William Telliard, who will be responsible for reviewing

and approving all Quality Assurance Project Plans (QAPPs). Additional USEPA QA Manager

responsibilities include the following:

• reviewing and evaluating field procedures,

• conducting external performance and system audits of the procedures, and

• participating in Agency QA reviews of the study.

The Tetra Tech Task Leader is Blaine Snyder, who will participate in study design and site selection

processes. Other specific responsibilities of the Task Leader include the following:

• coordinating project assignments in establishing priorities and scheduling,
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• ensuring completion of high-quality projects within established budgets and time

schedules,

• providing guidance, technical advice, and performance evaluations to those assigned to

the project,

• implementing corrective actions and providing professional advice to staff,

• preparing and/or reviewing preparation of project deliverables, and

• providing support to USEPA in interacting with the project team (including the sample

control center), technical reviewers, and USEPA Regions/States/Tribes to ensure

technical quality requirements are met in accordance with project design objectives.

The Tetra Tech Quality Assurance (QA) Officer is Esther Peters, whose primary responsibilities

include the following:

• monitoring quality control (QC) activities to determine conformance,

• reviewing the QAPP for completeness and noting inconsistencies,

• providing support to USEPA and the Tetra Tech Task Leader in preparation of the

work plan and QAPP and in their distribution, and

• approving the QAPP.

The Regional Fish Sampling Coordinators or QA/QC Field Officers will be responsible for

performing evaluations to ensure that QA/QC protocols are maintained throughout the sample

collection and preparation processes. The evaluations will include reviewing all required documentation

for completeness and seeing that any problems encountered outside normal operating conditions are

documented and addressed, and verifying all other QA/QC procedures identified in the QAPP are

followed. The USEPA Project Manager and the Tetra Tech Task Leader will coordinate and oversee

the orientation of the Regional Fish Sampling Coordinators or QA/QC Field Officers responsible for

USEPA Regional/State/Tribal Field Sampling Teams.

Field Sampling Teams will be composed of:

• USEPA field staff, and/or

• State and Tribal field personnel, and/or 

• Contractor-affiliated field staff (including subcontracted organizations or universities).
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The Task Leader will direct and supervise the contractor-affiliated Field Sampling Teams and provide

for their efficient utilization by directing their efforts. Both agency and contractor-affiliated field

personnel are responsible for performing the field work, including collection, preparation, and shipment

of fish tissue samples and completion of field sampling records. The Field Sampling Teams will include

scientific staff with specialization and technical competence in field sampling activities to effectively and

efficiently perform the required work. They must perform all work in adherence with the project work

plan and QAPP, including maintenance of sample custody and related documentation. Custody

procedures are required to ensure the integrity of the samples with respect to prevention of

contamination and maintenance of proper sample identification during handling. In this role, Field

Sampling Teams are responsible for:

• receiving and inspecting the sample containers,

• completing and signing appropriate field records,

• assigning tracking numbers to each sample,

• verifying the completeness and accuracy of chain-of-custody documentation,

• controlling and monitoring access to samples while in their custody, and

• initiating shipment of the samples to appropriate destinations.

2.0 PROBLEM DEFINITION/BACKGROUND

The USEPA Office of Water conducted a national screening-level investigation in 1987 (USEPA

1992) to determine the prevalence of selected bioaccumulative pollutants in fish and to correlate

elevated fish tissue contaminant levels with pollutant sources. Gamefish and bottom-dwelling fishes

were collected from 388 locations across the country thought to be influenced by various point and

nonpoint sources. These fish tissue samples were analyzed to determine levels of 60 target analytes,

including dioxins and furans, PCBs, pesticides and herbicides, mercury, and several other organic

compounds. Results of the 1987 study indicated that target analytes were present in fish tissue at many

of the sampling sites, and some of the contaminants (e.g., PCBs, dieldrin, mirex, and combined

chlordane) occurred at levels posing potential human health risks. 

The Office of Science and Technology (OST) within the Office of Water has initiated work on a new

four-year national study of chemical residues in fish tissue, which is designed to expand the scope of the

1987 study. In October 1998, USEPA convened a two-day workshop of more than 50 scientists from

state, federal, and tribal agencies to obtain technical input on sampling design, target analytes, sampling

methods and data management. Input from scientists at the workshop and other technical experts that

participated in numerous study planning meetings was used to develop a final study design (USEPA

1999b). The contemporary study is statistically designed and will provide screening-level data on fish

tissue contaminants from a greater number of waterbodies than were sampled in 1987.
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This study broadens the scope of the 1987 study (USEPA 1992) which focused on chemical residues

in fish tissue near point source discharges. The new study will:

• provide information on the national distribution of selected persistent, bioaccumulative,

and toxic (PBT) chemical residues in gamefish and bottom-dwelling fish in lakes and

reservoirs of the coterminous United States (excluding the Great Lakes and the Great

Salt Lake),

• include lakes and reservoirs selected according to a probability design,

• involve the collection of fish from those randomly selected lakes and reservoirs over a

four-year survey period (1999-2002),

• not be used to set fish consumption advisories; however, states and Native American

tribes may choose to initiate a detailed fish study in a particular lake based on the

screening contaminant concentrations provided by the national study, and

• include the analysis of fish tissue for PBT chemicals selected from USEPA’s multimedia

candidate PBT list of 451 chemicals and from a list of 130 chemicals from several

contemporary fish and bioaccumulation studies. A final target analyte list of 274 PBT

chemicals (including breakdown products and PCB congeners) was compiled based on

input from study design workshop participants and a review team of analytical experts

convened in October 1998 and March 1999, respectively.

Lakes and reservoirs were chosen as the target population because they:

• are accumulative environments where contamination is detectable,

• provide important sport fisheries nationwide,

• offer other recreational (non-fishing) access and opportunities, and

• occur in agricultural, urban, and less-developed areas, so that associations with each

primary use may be determined.

Lakes and reservoirs are the focus of this study rather than other waterbody types because:

• Fish consumption advisories represent 15.8% of the Nation’s total lake acres (plus

100% of the Great Lakes), compared to 6.8% of the Nation’s total river miles

(USEPA 1999c). [Note: The Great Lakes will not be included in this study because

substantial fish tissue contaminant information is available and continues to be collected

in ongoing Great Lakes monitoring programs.]
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• Estuaries are currently being studied by USEPA’s Environmental Monitoring and

Assessment Program (EMAP). EMAP has sampled fish from East and Gulf Coast

estuaries, and will include fish contamination in its Year 2000 initiative on West Coast

estuaries.

The specific objective of the new National Fish Tissue Study is to estimate the national distribution

of the mean levels of selected persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemical residues in fish

tissue from lakes and reservoirs of the continental United States. 

In so doing, the study will provide the following types of information:

• information to meet objectives of the President’s Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP)

and to specifically respond to the following action item:

— CWAP Key Action #1: USEPA and NOAA will conduct a national survey of

mercury and other contaminants in fish and shellfish throughout the country, and

will coordinate the effort with states and tribes to maximize geographic

coverage. The shellfish survey will be based on the data obtained by NOAA’s

ongoing Mussel Watch Project.

• information about persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals (PBTs) for the

Agency’s PBT Initiative that addresses the following objective:

— The PBT Initiative seeks to identify areas of concern for human and/or

ecological health. Study of fish tissue may reveal where PBTs not previously

considered a problem are present at levels of concern.

• data to answer important questions concerning the national occurrence of fish tissue

contamination, such as the following:

— What is the national extent of selected chemical contaminants in fish from lakes

and reservoirs of the coterminous United States (excluding the Great Lakes)?

— Are contaminant levels in fish high enough to warrant further investigation?

3.0 PROJECT/TASK DESCRIPTION

The study design reflects the study goal and objectives defined by USEPA. The study goal can be

stated simply — to determine the extent to which fish in waters of the United States are contaminated

with persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals (PBTs). The project field sampling task

presented and discussed in this document involves only those methods and
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procedures used to collect and ship fish tissue samples for the National Fish Tissue Study. The

Analytical Activities QAPP for the National Fish Tissue Study discusses the following study topics and

tasks: sample preparation, compositing and homogenization; target analytes; analytical methods; and

sample analysis.

In consultation with the USEPA Office of Science and Technology, Tetra Tech will coordinate with

USEPA headquarters and regional staff, state resource agencies, and Native American tribes to collect

fish tissue samples from randomly selected lakes and reservoirs in the continental United States. With a

combined network of partners and contractors, USEPA anticipates the sampling of approximately 500

lakes across the country (Appendix A) during the four-year sampling duration of the study (1999-

2002). The fish tissue samples will be collected based on a probability design to provide information on

national distribution of the mean levels of contaminants in fish. This random selection of lakes and

reservoirs is important for fulfilling the study design objectives, but adds complexity to field sampling

logistics. Sampling Teams will need to be prepared to mobilize and sample fish from lakes in all parts

of the country. The following elements will also add to the complexity of the field effort, and must be

considered when planning field logistics:

• Field teams should consist of (at a minimum) one experienced fisheries biologist, one

field technician, and a quality control specialist, all of whom must have experience with

the array of fisheries sampling gear types to be used. In some cases the senior fisheries

biologist may serve in dual capacities, assuming responsibility for site quality control

(QC).

• The national study will include two groups of target fishes — predator/gamefish and

bottom-dwelling fish species (Section 8.1).

• Samples must consist of a composite of fish (e.g., 5 individuals that will collectively

provide greater than 560 grams of edible tissue for predators and 560 grams of total

body tissue for bottom-dwellers) of the same target species and be the same relative

size from each sampling location (Section 8.2).

• The optimum sampling window may be restricted due to biological, physical, and

meteorological conditions and factors (Section 7.2).

Each Sampling Team, in the combined network of samplers, will collect, prepare for shipment, and ship

all fish tissue samples to a designated location according to the methods and procedures described in

this QAPP and approved by the USEPA Project Manager. The USEPA Project Manager will be

notified immediately by the Tetra Tech Task Leader and/or the USEPA Regional/State/Tribal Fish

Sampling Coordinators of any problems related to successful 

completion of field efforts.

Field sampling activities began in the fall of 1999, will continue in 2000 and 2001 during the summer

and fall, and will conclude in the fall of 2002. Due to the effort required to initiate the
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study (e.g., project coordination and development of study materials such as the study design

document, QAPP, and training materials), fewer lakes were sampled in year one than will be sampled

during other sampling years. In addition, some states indicated that they were unable to participate in

sampling during the first year, but will have adequate time to prepare for sampling in subsequent years

of the study. Data summaries for the four-year period of study and the final study report are scheduled

to be completed in 2003. Implementation of the field sampling task will proceed with several

milestones, as presented in Table 1.

All activities associated with fish tissue sample collection will be conducted consistent with the

requirements and procedures specified in this QAPP as approved by the USEPA Project Manager. 

Annual sampling activities will conclude with the development of a field collection effort summary (i.e.,

detailed listing of all sampling participants, sampling locations, and specimens collected) by Tetra Tech

and reviewed by the USEPA Project Manager. The summaries will be used to document and report

back to USEPA Regional/State/Tribal participants the collective sampling progress for each study year.

Table 1. Project Time Line for Milestones Associated with Fish Tissue Sample Collection 

Activities.

Activities and

Milestones 

(1999 - 2002)

1999 2000 - 2002

J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Develop QAPP and

project sampling plan

for field efforts

[2000 only]

Conduct orientation

for sampling and field

QC personnel in EPA

Regions

[2000 unless further

need arises]

Sampling of lakes

and shipment of

samples to analytical

laboratory

Field collection effort

summaries and

report-back to

regions, states, and

tribes
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4.0 QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA FOR MEASUREMENT DATA

4.1 Project Quality Objectives

Data of known and documented quality are essential to the success of any monitoring or sampling

program. Data quality objectives (DQOs) are qualitative and quantitative statements that clarify the

intended use of the data, define the type of data needed to support the decision, identify the conditions

under which the data should be collected, and specify tolerable limits on the probability of making a

decision error due to uncertainty in the data. DQOs are developed by data users to specify the data

quality needed to support specific decisions. Sources of error or uncertainty include the following:

• Sampling error: The difference between sample values and in situ true values from

unknown biases due to collection methods and sampling design,

• Measurement error: The difference between sample values and in situ true values

associated with the measurement process,

• Natural variation: Natural spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in population

abundance and distribution, and

• Error sources or biases associated with compositing, sample handling, storage, and

preservation.

This QAPP addresses only fish tissue sample collection activities, so the relevant quality objectives are

primarily related to sample handling issues. One exception involves the measurement of lake pH. 

Study DQOs for pH will require that meters are calibrated to a known standard as per manufacturer’s

specifications (Appendix C). Types of field sampling data needed for this project are listed in Table 2. 

Discussion of conventional data quality indicators, i.e., precision, accuracy, completeness,

representativeness, and comparability, follows in this section. Methods and procedures described in

this document are intended to reduce the magnitude of the sources of uncertainty (and their frequency

of occurrence) by applying the following approaches:

• use of standardized sample collection and handling procedures, and

• use of trained scientists to perform the sample collection and handling activities.
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Table 2. Types of Field Data to Be Collected in Association with Fish Tissue Sample 

Collection.

Data Type Measurement Endpoint(s) or Units

Fish specimen Species-level taxonomic identification

Fish length Millimeters (mm), total length

Composite classification Predator or bottom-dwelling species

pH nearest 0.1 pH units

Estimated maximum lake depth Meters

4.2 Measurement Performance Criteria

Measurement performance criteria are quantitative statistics that are used to interpret the degree of

acceptability or utility of the data to the user. These criteria, also known as data quality indicators

(DQIs), include the following:

• precision,

• accuracy,

• representativeness,

• completeness, and

• comparability.

Precision

Precision is a measure of internal method consistency. It is demonstrated by the degree of agreement

between individual measurements (or values) of the same property of a sample, measured under similar

conditions. As the analytical testing is beyond the scope of this QAPP, no specific criteria are required

for this parameter. However, sufficient sample volumes (i.e., the five-fish composites described in

Section 8.2) will be collected to allow for the assessment of precision during analytical laboratory

testing.

For this study, all fish in a lake cannot be sampled, and the laboratory analytical process is not perfect. 

The combined variability introduced by the sampling at a lake, the compositing of fish, the subsampling

of the composite for analysis, and the chemical analysis itself can be considered the “index” variability. 

The detection limits and analytical precision are one part of the 

analytical process that can be specified ahead of time (however analytical processes are not part of this

QAPP). The orientation and training of sampling crews, and the process that they use to collect fish

from a lake can also be standardized. Besides standardizing training, this dimension of variability cannot

be reduced. The general rule of thumb is that if the combined index variability is less than 10% of the

total variability, it will have little impact on the ability to estimate status. For this study the best way to

develop an estimate of index variability is to simply revisit a subset, 10% of the sites, and repeat the
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lake sampling procedure, compositing and analytical analyses. Sampling teams should plan to obtain

duplicate fish samples from 10% of the target lakes and reservoirs in their state during the four-year

study period.

Accuracy

Accuracy is defined as the degree of agreement between an observed value and an accepted reference

or true value. For example, accuracy of pH meters used for this study will be assured through proper

calibration to known standards, i.e., buffer solutions (Appendix C). Accuracy is a combination of

random error (precision) and systematic error (bias), introduced during sampling and analytical

operations. Bias is the systematic distortion of a measurement process that causes errors in one

direction, so that the expected sample measurement is always greater or lesser to the same degree than

the sample’s true value. As mentioned previously, since analytical testing is beyond the scope of this

QAPP, no accuracy criteria are identified here. However, proper sample handling procedures (Section

9.1) will be followed to minimize sample contamination. 

Representativeness

Representativeness expresses the degree to which data accurately and precisely represent a

characteristic of a population, parameter, variations at a sampling point, a process condition, or an

environmental condition. 

Representativeness of the target species (Section 8.1) for this fish tissue sampling effort was established

based on:

• the recommendation of USEPA’s Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant

Data for Use in Fish Advisories, Volume 1: Fish Sampling and Analysis, Second

Edition (USEPA 1995),

• the input from federal, state, and tribal scientists on the draft design of the National

Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue, obtained primarily during the October

1998 workshop (USEPA 1999b), and

• approval by the USEPA Project Manager.

The representative goal for the sample collection effort will be satisfied by using experienced field

biologists to ensure that the sample types and locations specified for the study are the samples actually

collected.

Completeness

Completeness is defined as the percentage of measurements made that are judged to be valid according

to specific criteria and entered into the data management system. To optimize completeness, every
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C = x 100

T

v % C = x 100

T

v %

effort is made to avoid sample and/or data loss. Accidents during sample transport or lab activities that

cause the loss of the original samples will result in irreparable loss of data, which will reduce the ability

to perform analyses, integrate results, and prepare reports. Samples will be stored and transported in

unbreakable (plastic) containers (i.e., insulated ice chests). All sample processing (i.e., compositing,

filleting, homogenization) will occur in a controlled environment within the laboratory, not in the field. 

The assignment of a set of specific sample numbers (Section 6.0) that have undergone chain-of-custody

inspection makes it less likely for the sample preparation laboratory to overlook samples when

preparing them for processing. 

Percent completeness (%C) for measurement parameters can be defined as follows:

Where v = the number of measurements judged valid and 

T = the total number of measurements. 

Completeness, in the case of this project, is the number of valid samples collected relative to the

number of samples that are planned to be collected. The completeness goal for this project is 90%. It

should be noted that sample locations and numbers may change over the course of the four-year study,

based on local conditions (e.g., accessibility of target lakes) and the availability of target fishes (e.g.,

natural biological abundance or distribution). Any and all changes must be approved by the USEPA

Project Manager, and approved changes must be considered when assessing completeness. The

completeness goal is achieved when 90% or more of the available samples from the final list of target

lakes found to contain target fishes are collected and shipped with no errors in documentation or

sample handling procedures.

Comparability

Comparability is an expression of the confidence with which one data set can be compared with

another. Comparability is dependent on the proper design of the sampling program and on adherence

to accepted sampling techniques, standard operating procedures, and quality assurance guidelines. For

the fish tissue collection task, comparability of data will be accomplished by standardizing the sampling

season, the field sampling methods, and the field training as follows:

• All samples will be collected during the late summer-fall (August-November). 

• All samples will be collected and prepared for shipment according to standard

operating procedures contained in this QAPP. These procedures are consistent with

the recommendations of USEPA’s Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant

Data for Use in Fish Advisories, Volume 1: Fish Sampling and Analysis, Second

Edition (USEPA 1995 )[or subsequent updates].
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• All field personnel involved with sampling will have adequate training and appropriate

experience (Section 5.0).

5.0 SPECIAL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS/CERTIFICATION

Each Field Sampling Team is required to have the necessary knowledge and experience to perform all

field activities. This includes both knowledge and experience in the collection and identification of

fishes, in the use of fisheries sampling gear specified for the study and in the operation of small boats. It

also includes training in project-specific sample collection and handling procedures. The field sampling

crews will be primarily composed of state, tribal, and regional fisheries biologists or contracted

biologists with a strong technical background in fisheries sampling activities. Each Field Sampling Team

should consist of (at a minimum) one experienced fisheries biologist, one field technician, and a quality

control specialist, all of whom must have experience with the array of fisheries sampling gear types to

be used. In some cases the senior fisheries biologist may serve in dual capacities, assuming

responsibility for site quality control.

This field sampling QAPP, the field sampling plan, and orientation materials will be distributed to all

USEPA Regional/State/Tribal Fish Sampling Coordinators, who will, in turn, distribute it to all sampling

personnel. Project orientation sessions will be set up by EPA Regions to distribute and discuss training

materials. Materials will include detailed instructions for each field procedure (i.e., sampling of target

fish, proper handling of the sample, shipping, and chain of custody) and visual training tools based on

information from this QAPP. The focus of the orientation will be on sample collection methods, specific

details of sample preparation, and strict adherence to the study’s protocols. USEPA

Regional/State/Tribal Fish Sampling Coordinators and Field Team Leaders will be required to view the

training materials, read the QAPP, and verify in writing that they read or viewed the materials and

understood the procedures and requirements. If sampling personnel change (i.e., new USEPA

Regional/State/Tribal Fish Sampling Coordinators or new Field Team Leaders) during the course of the

four-year study, the orientation process will have to be reinitiated for that particular new team.

6.0 DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS

Thorough documentation of all field sample collection and handling activities is necessary for proper

processing in the laboratory and, ultimately, for the interpretation of study results. Field sample

collection and handling will be documented in writing (for each sampling site) using the following forms

and labels:

• a Field Record Form that contains information about each individual specimen and lake

site (Appendix B),

• a Sample Identification Label that accompanies and identifies each sample (Appendix

B),
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• a Chain-of-Custody Label that seals each sample container (provided by the sample

control center), and

• a Chain-of-Custody Form that provides constant tracking information for all samples

(Appendix B).

A detailed description of each sample collected by each Field Sampling Team will be recorded on a

Field Record Form (Appendix B). The form will document the sampling date, time, sampler’s name,

sampling site location/description, and sample description (count and length of each specimen). Also,

the 10% subset of lakes and reservoirs that are sampled as duplicates will be noted as such on the

form. The Field Record Form will also contain a unique tracking code (i.e., composite sample

identification code) that will be used to identify each record. The ten-character code will include:

• state of collection (two-character abbreviation),

• year of collection (two-number abbreviation),

• lake identification number (four-digit code from Appendix A),

• composite type (one character -- P = predator species; B = bottom-dwelling species),

and 

• sample type (one character -- S = standard sample, D = duplicate sample).

The Field Record Form will be produced as a four-page carbonless copy form, with one copy retained

by the sampler, and the other three included in the sample shipment to the laboratory (i.e., one for the

sample preparation laboratory, one for the sample control center, and one for the Tetra Tech Task

Leader). All entries will be made in ink and no erasures will be made. If an incorrect entry is made, the

information will be crossed out with a single strike mark, which is initialed and dated by the

sampler/recorder.

A Sample Identification Label will be completed (Appendix B) to accompany each sample throughout

the chain of custody. The label will document the project name, sampling site location, sampling date

and time, the sampler’s name, the ten-character tracking code, and the specimen number (e.g., 01

through 05). All entries will be made in indelible ink and will coincide with specimen and sample

information on the Field Record Form. Descriptions and definitions of all field data elements required in

the Field Record Form and Sample Identification Label are provided in Appendix D.

Proper chain-of-custody procedures are necessary for tracking sample possession from field to

laboratory. Chain-of-Custody Forms (Appendix B) will accompany each shipment of samples and will

document sample identity (coinciding with information on the field record), sampler relinquishment date

and time, and laboratory receipt date and time. Chain-of-Custody Forms will be produced as five-
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page carbonless copies, with one copy for the sampler, and four for shipment to the laboratory (i.e.,

one for the sample preparation laboratory, one for the sample control center, one for the Tetra Tech

Task Leader, and one for duplication and distribution to the analytical laboratories). Chain-of-Custody

Labels will seal each sample container following packing operations in the field, and will include the

signature of the sampler and the date and time sealed. All Chain-of-Custody Label and Form entries

will be made in ink. Field sampling teams must notify the sample control center (DynCorp) by

telephone (Chris Moore 703/461-2360 or Chris Maynard 703/461-2395) of an incoming shipment. 

Samples will be shipped from the field to the sample preparation laboratory via priority, overnight

express delivery service. Copies of all shipping airbills will be retained by the sample control center. 

Specification for retention of field samples by the receiving location are outside the scope of this

document. While in storage, it is recommended that samples held for analysis be stored with the

original labeling materials.

Annual sampling activities will conclude with the development of a field collection effort summary (i.e.,

detailed listing of all sampling participants, sampling locations, and specimens collected) by Tetra Tech

and review of the summary by the USEPA Project Manager. Following USEPA Project Manager

approval, the summaries will be used to document and report back to USEPA Regional/State/Tribal

participants the collective sampling progress for each study year. Tetra Tech will maintain a file as a

repository for information used in the preparation of the annual field collection summaries throughout the

duration of the study. The following information will be included:

• any documents prepared for the study,

• contract and work assignment information,

• project QAPP,

• results of technical reviews, data quality assessments, and audits,

• communications (memoranda; internal notes; telephone conversation records; letters;

meeting minutes; and all written correspondence between Tetra Tech, USEPA, and

other project team personnel, subcontractors, suppliers, or others),

• maps, photographs, and drawings, and

• studies, reports, and documents pertaining to the project.

If any change(s) in this QAPP is(are) required during the study, a memo will be sent to each person on

the distribution list describing the change(s), following approval by the USEPA Project Manager. Any

and all memos announcing changes must be attached to the QAPP.
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All documents and records prepared for this project will be maintained by USEPA and Tetra Tech

during the project, and retained for a period of two years following completion of the project (unless

otherwise directed by USEPA).

B. DATA ACQUISITION

7.0 SAMPLING PROCESS DESIGN

The objective of the National Fish Tissue Study is to estimate the national distribution of the mean levels

of selected persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemical residues in fish tissue from lakes and

reservoirs of the continental United States. 

In so doing, the study will provide the following types of information:

• information to meet objectives of the President’s Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP),

• information about persistent bioaccumulative toxic chemicals (PBTs) for the Agency’s

PBT Initiative, and

• data to answer important questions concerning the national occurrence of fish tissue

contamination.

For the purposes of this study design, the target population will be all lakes and reservoirs within the

coterminous United States excluding the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Salt Lake. This study

defines a lake as a permanent body of water of at least one hectare (2.47 acres) in surface area with a

minimum of 1,000 m2 of open (unvegetated) water and a minimum depth of one meter. The lakes in

this study must also have a permanent fish population. Approximately 500 locations will be sampled

over the course of four years based on projections of available resources.

7.1 Sample Type

To meet the study objectives, the National Fish Tissue Study will include composite sampling of fish

fillets for predator/gamefish species and whole fish for bottom-dwelling species from each sample lake. 

Five individuals per composite will be collected, all of which will be large enough to provide sufficient

tissue for analysis of the group of target analytes. It has been determined that at least 560 grams of

edible tissue for predators, and 560 grams of total body tissue for bottom-dwellers will be required

from the composites to allow for analysis of all target analytes. Based on the recommendations of

USEPA’s Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories,
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Volume 1: Fish Sampling and Analysis, Second Edition (USEPA 1995), fish used in a composite

sample must meet the following criteria:

• all be of the same species,

• satisfy any legal requirements of harvestable size or weight, or at least be of consumable

size if no legal harvest requirements are in effect,

• be of similar size so that the smallest individual in a composite is no less than 75% of the

total length of the largest individual,

• be collected at the same time (i.e., collected as close to the same time as possible but

no more than 1 week apart) [Note: This assumes that a sampling crew was unable to

collect all fish needed to prepare the composite sample on the same day. If organisms

used in the same composite are collected on different days (no more than 1 week

apart), individual fish will be frozen until all the fish to be included in the composite are

available for delivery to the laboratory.], and

• be collected in sufficient numbers (five per composite) and of adequate size (five 

harvestable size adult specimens that collectively will provide greater than 560 grams of

edible tissue for predators, and 560 grams of total body tissue for bottom-dwellers) to

allow analysis of recommended target analytes.

Individual organisms used in composite samples must be of the same species because of notable

differences in the species-specific bioaccumulation potential. Accurate taxonomic identification is

essential in preventing the mixing of closely related species with the target species. Under no

circumstance should individuals from different species be used in a composite sample. 

7.2 Sampling Period

Field sampling will be conducted during the period when water and weather conditions are conducive

to safe and efficient field sampling, and when the target species are most frequently harvested by

anglers. For most inland freshwaters, the most desirable sampling period is from late summer to early

fall, since lipid content is usually highest and water levels are usually lowest at that time. Sampling

should not occur during the spawning period of the particular target species being sought. With these

recommendations in mind, and considering the geographic extent of the study area (i.e., range of

latitudes and longitudes) the field sampling period will begin in August and last through November (and

possibly into December in warmer regions).

7.3 Sample Frame

For the purposes of this study, the target population will be all lakes and reservoirs within the

coterminous United States excluding the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Salt Lake. For this
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study, a lake is defined as a permanent body of water of at least one hectare (2.47 acres) in surface

area with a minimum of 1,000 m2 of open (unvegetated) water, and a minimum depth of one meter. 

The lakes in this study must also have a permanent fish population. Examples of nonpermanent fish

populations are lakes that are subject to annual fish winterkill, or are recently 

stocked with fingerlings. Stocked lakes with adult fish are defined as having a permanent fish

population.

The River Reach File Version 3 (RF3) was used to generate the list of lakes in the target population. 

RF3 constitutes the sample frame, and includes almost all lakes in the target population for this study. 

Noted exclusions are newly constructed reservoirs. However, RF3 is the best known national GIS

coverage for lakes, so it was used in this study.

To ensure the sample frame included all lakes and reservoirs with an area greater than 5,000 ha, a list

from multiple sources of such lakes was constructed. The list was sent to USEPA Regional Offices and

subsequently to each state to verify that each lake on the list was greater than 5,000 ha and to add any

lakes greater than 5,000 ha that were not on the list. The corrected list of lakes was integrated into the

RF3 list of lakes before sample selection was initiated. Table 3 summarizes the number of lakes in the

sample frame used for sample selection.

Table 3. Numbers of Lakes by Size Category in Sample Frame (Based on RF3).

Lake area (ha) Number of Lakes Frequency (%) Cumulative

Number of Lakes

Cumulative

Frequency (%)

>1-5 172,747 63.8 172,747 63.8

>5-10 44,996 16.6 217,743 80.4

>10-50 40,016 14.8 257,759 95.2

>50-500 11,228 4.1 268,987 99.3

>500-5000 1,500 0.6 270,387 99.9

>5000 274 0.1 270,761 100.0

7.4 Selection of Lakes for Sampling

The procedures described by Olsen et al. (1998) were used to select an unequal probability sample of

lakes. The probability of selection for a lake depends on its area as given by RF3. In Table 4 the

expected weight is the reciprocal of the probability of selection (inclusion probability). The inclusion

probability was determined by the goal of obtaining approximately an equal number of lakes to sample

in each size category. A higher percentage of the lakes in the smaller size categories would include

lakes not meeting the target population definition of a lake. The probability of selection was adjusted so

that the smaller size categories had a greater sample size. No adjustment was required for size

categories 50-500 hectares, 500-5000 hectares, or > 5000 hectares. The adjustments for the

remaining size categories were as follows: for 1-5 hectares, increase by 40%; for 5-10 hectares,

increase by 30%; and for 10-50 hectares, increase by 20%. These adjustments were based on limited

information from the EMAP northeastern lake survey. It is not known yet how well these will apply to
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other regions of the country. The impact of an incorrect adjustment will be that the number of lakes

actually sampled by size category will not be equal.

Although it was not a requirement for the statistical survey design, study planners decided to select the

sample by allocating the lakes to be sampled in each year of the study. It is recommended that the

lakes be sampled in the year specified. The advantage of adhering to this approach is that if any yearto-year differences exist in fish tissue contaminants, then the sample will be balanced across years. In

the event that the study must be stopped before all lakes can be sampled, sampling all lakes from a

subset of the years (e.g., 1999-2001) results in a legitimate unequal probability sample of all lakes. The

expected weights must be adjusted to account for the years not sampled.

Table 4. Number of Lakes Selected for Sampling by Size Category and Year.

Lake area

(ha)

1999 2000 2001 2002 All Years Expected

Weight

>1-5 39 41 47 47 174 938.84

>5-10 44 40 47 46 177 261.61

>10-50 32 47 46 25 150 256.51

>50-500 34 37 29 34 134 85.06

>500-5000 36 30 31 41 138 11.36

>5000 40 30 25 32 127 2.21

Total 225 225 225 225 900

7.5 Nontarget Population, Inaccessible Lakes, and Lakes for which Access is Denied

A critical element of the statistical survey design is the determination of the status of each lake in the

sample. This means that each lake is checked to determine if it meets the definition of a lake for the

study (Section 7.3). In many cases, a field visit is not necessary to confirm that the lake meets the

definition. In other cases, it may be necessary to actually visit the lake to determine if it meets the

definition. Regardless, it is essential that a complete record of this information be reported to the

USEPA Project Manager, since this information is required to complete the survey estimation

procedures. Two other situations can occur that will result in a lake not being sampled. First, the lake

may be on private land and require landowner permission to visit the lake. If a landowner refuses

access to a lake selected for the study, then this needs to be recorded. Second, a lake may

occasionally be physically inaccessible. If there are logistical or safety constraints that make a lake

inaccessible, then the reason why the lake is inaccessible needs to be recorded and reported to the

USEPA Project Manager and/or the Tetra Tech Task Leader. 
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Information that must be determined during pre-sampling reconnaissance of each lake includes the

following:

• Does the lake meet the definition of the target population (Section 7.3)? If the lake

does not meet the definition, what are the reasons? For example:

— lake < 1 ha in surface area

— lake < 1 m depth

— lake < 1000 m2 of open water (unvegetated)

— saline lake with no fish population

— lake has no annual fish population (winterkill lake)

— other (list specific reasons)

• Has the landowner denied access to lake? (Record landowner information)

• Is the lake physically inaccessible during sampling period of study? If so, state why.

7.6 Reserve Sample of Lakes

As a contingency, a second sample of lakes has been selected as a reserve. Table 5 summarizes the

sample sizes for the reserve sample. This sample could be used if the initial sample is determined to

have a larger than expected number of nontarget population lakes, resulting in an insufficient sample

size. Alternatively, if additional funding is received to allow a larger sample size, the reserve sample of

lakes could be used. Decisions regarding use of the reserve sample of lakes (or subsets of the reserve

sample) will be made only by the USEPA Project Manager.

Table 5. Number of Lakes (by Size Category and Year) Selected as a Reserve Sample.

Lake area (ha) 1999 2000 2001 2002 All Years Expected Weight

>1-5 47 48 48 49 192 938.84

>5-10 45 52 40 42 179 261.61

>10-50 36 39 42 41 158 256.51

>50-500 36 26 40 22 124 85.06

>500-5000 38 29 30 37 134 11.36

>5000 23 31 25 34 113 2.21

Total 225 225 225 225 900
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8.0 SAMPLING METHODS

8.1 Target Species

Field sampling procedures will follow the recommendations of USEPA’s Guidance for Assessing

Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, Volume I: Fish Sampling and Analysis,

Second Edition (USEPA 1995) [or subsequent updates]. According to the guidance, the primary

criteria for selecting target fishes is that the species:

• are commonly consumed in the study area,

• may potentially accumulate high concentrations of chemicals, and

• have a wide geographic distribution.

Secondarily, the target species should be:

• easy to identify,

• abundant,

• easy to capture, and

• large enough to provide adequate tissue for analysis (i.e., harvestable size adult

specimens that as a five-fish composite will provide at least 560 grams of edible tissue

for analysis).

Two distinct ecological groups of fish, bottom-dwellers and predators, will be included as target fishes

for this study. This permits monitoring of a wide variety of habitats, feeding strategies, and physiological

factors that might result in differences in bioaccumulation of contaminants. Suggested target species are

listed in Table 6 in order of preference (adapted from USEPA 1995). Additional target species may

be added to the list of preferred targets on an as-needed basis, following discussion with the USEPA

Project Manager and/or the Tetra Tech Task Leader. For example, additional Salmonid species (such

as cutthroat trout or kokanee salmon) and Catostomid species (such as longnose sucker, largescale

sucker, or bridgelip sucker) may need to be added to the target species for lakes in the northwestern

United States. State personnel, with their knowledge of site-specific fisheries and human consumption

patterns, will aid in the determination of the availability of target fishes. The criteria listed above must be

considered when selecting target species other than those listed in Table 6. Every effort will be made to

collect the desired species and number (Section 8.2) of fish; however, the outcome of field sampling

efforts will ultimately depend on the natural diversity and abundance of fish in the study lakes.
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8.2 Composite Sampling

The National Fish Tissue Study will involve composite sampling of predator/gamefish species and

bottom-dwelling species (to be prepared as fillet composites and whole-body composites, respectively,

by the sample preparation laboratory). Composite samples are cost-effective for 

estimating average tissue concentrations of target analytes in target species populations, and

compositing ensures adequate sample mass for analysis of all target analytes.

Table 6. Recommended Target Species for Inland Freshwaters (in Order of Preference).

Family name Common name Scientific name

Predator/Gamefish Species(in order of preference)

Centrarchidae Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides

Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu

Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus

White crappie Pomoxis annularis

Percidae Walleye Stizostedion vitreum

Yellow perch Perca flavescens

Percichthyidae White bass Morone chrysops

Esocidae Northern pike Esox lucius

Salmonidae Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush

Brown trout Salmo trutta

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis

 Bottom-dwelling Species 

(in order of preference)

Cyprinidae Common carp Cyprinus carpio

Ictaluridae Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus

Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus

Yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis

Catostomidae White sucker Catostomus commersoni

One predator/gamefish composite and one bottom-dwelling species composite will be collected from

each target lake (Note: The USEPA Project Manager and/or the Tetra Tech Task Leader need to be

notified if one of the ecological groups of fish are not present or available from a target lake). Each

composite will consist of five fish of adequate size (i.e., adult specimens that collectively will provide at

least 560 grams of edible tissue for predators, and 560 grams of total body tissue for bottom-dwellers)

to allow analysis of the target analytes. Fish retained for a composite sample must meet the following

criteria:

• all be of the same species,

• satisfy any legal requirements of harvestable size (or weight), or at least be of

consumable size if no legal harvest requirements are in effect,
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• be of similar size so that the smallest individual in a composite is no less than 75% of the

total length of the largest individual, and

• be collected at the same time, i.e., collected as close to the same time as possible, but

no more than one week apart (Note: Individual fish may have to be frozen until all fish

to be included in the composite are available for delivery to the sample preparation

laboratory).

Accurate taxonomic identification is essential in assuring and defining the organisms that have been

composited and submitted for analysis. Under no circumstances should individuals from different

species be used in a single composite sample. Ideally, the target species composite should focus on the

larger individuals commonly harvested by the local population.

8.3 Sample Collection

Fish collection methods can be divided into two major categories, active and passive. Each has

advantages and disadvantages. Active collection methods employ a wide variety of sampling devices

including electrofishing units, seines, trawls, and angling equipment (hook and line). Although active

collection requires greater fishing effort, it is usually more efficient than passive collection for covering a

large number of sites and catching the relatively small number of individuals needed from each site for

tissue analysis. The active collection methods generally require more field personnel and more

expensive equipment than passive collection methods. Passive collection methods employ a wide array

of sampling devices, including gill nets, fyke nets, trammel nets, hoop nets, pound nets, and d-traps. 

Passive collection methods generally require less fishing effort than active methods, but normally yield a

much greater catch than would be required for a contaminant monitoring program. They are also time

consuming to deploy. Passive collection devices (e.g., gill nets) must be checked frequently (e.g., at

least once every 24 hours) to ensure a limited time lag between fish entrapment and sample

preparation/preservation.

Sampling Teams dedicated to the National Fish Tissue Study will be equipped with an array of both

active and passive gears to ensure the collection of the desired target numbers and species of fish. 

Selection of the most appropriate gear type(s) for a particular target lake will be at the discretion of the

experienced on-site fisheries biologist. USEPA Regional/State/Tribal Sampling Teams and Contractoraffiliated Sampling Teams will be responsible for providing fisheries sampling gear and sampling vessels. 

The sample control center will provide sample packaging and shipping supplies. A list of equipment

and expendable supplies is provided in Table 7. Sample collection, packaging, and shipment methods

are presented as Appendix B, Standard Operating Procedure.
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Table 7. Equipment and Supply List for Fish Tissue Sampling.

1. Sampling vessel (including boat, motor, trailer, oars, gas, and all required safety equipment)(a)

2. Electrofishing equipment - OPTIONAL (including variable voltage pulsator unit, generator, electrodes, wiring cables, dip

nets, protective gloves, protective boots, and all necessary safety equipment)(a)

3. Nets - OPTIONAL (including trawls, seines, gill nets, fyke nets, trammel nets, hoop nets, pound nets, trap nets)(a)

4. Angling equipment - OPTIONAL (including fishing rods, reels, line, terminal tackle, trot lines)(a)

5. Coast Guard-approved personal floatation devices

6. Maps of target lakes and access routes

7. Global Positioning System (GPS) unit - OPTIONAL (a)

8. pH meter (including associated calibration supplies) (a)

9. Livewell and/or buckets

10. Measuring board (millimeter scale)

11. Ice chests(b)

12. Aluminum foil (solvent-rinsed and baked)(b)

13. Heavy-duty food grade polyethylene tubing(b)

14. Large plastic (composite) bags (b)

15. Knife or scissors

16. Clean nitrile gloves(b)

17. Field Record Forms(b)

18. Sample Identification Labels(b)

19. Chain-of-Custody Forms(b)

20. Chain-of-Custody Labels(b)

21. Scientific collection permit

22. Dry ice(b)

23. Black ballpoint pens and/or waterproof markers

24. Clipboard

25. Packing/strapping tape

26. Overnight courier airbills(b)

27. Plastic cable ties(b)

28. Plastic bubble-wrap(b)

29. First aid kit and emergency telephone numbers

(a) Selection and exact specifications at the discretion of the experienced on-site fisheries biologist.

(b) Provided by the sample control center.

As soon as fish are obtained via active collection methods, or removed from passive collection devices,

they should be identified to species. Species identification should be conducted only by experienced

personnel knowledgeable of the taxonomy of species in the waterbodies included in the fish

contaminant monitoring program. Nontarget species, collected by the field team should be returned to

the water. Individuals of the selected target species will be rinsed in ambient water to remove any
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foreign material from the external surface, should be handled using clean nitrile gloves (provided by the

sample control center), and placed in clean holding containers (livewell, buckets, etc.) to prevent

contamination. Each fish of the selected target species should be measured to determine total body

length (mm). Maximum body length should be measured, i.e., the length from the anterior-most part of

the fish to the tip of the longest caudal finray (when the lobes of the caudal fin are depressed

dorsoventrally). When sufficient numbers of the target species have been identified to make up a

suitable composite sample (i.e., five individuals meeting the size criteria presented in Section 8.2), the

species name, specimen lengths, and all other site and sampling information should be recorded on the

Field Record Form (Appendix B).

The field objective is for sampling teams to obtain a representative composite sample for both a

predator and a bottom-dwelling species from each lake or reservoir selected for the National Fish

Tissue Study. Each composite must consist of all the same species, individual fish must be of similar

size (i.e., all within 75% of the length of the largest fish), and the composite must be able to deliver 560

grams of fish tissue (fillets for predators, and whole bodies for bottom-dwellers) for chemical analysis. 

To obtain a representative sample of the targeted species in lakes and reservoirs (and particularly in

large waterbodies), field teams should consider factors such as habitat and presence of contaminant

gradients in planning sampling locations for the target lake. Ideally, the habitats suitable for target

species would be determined for the lake, and up to three locations of that habitat would be randomly

selected for sampling in the lake. If a contamination gradient may be present in the waterbody, then

three locations across the gradient should be selected for sampling. For example, in reservoirs, the

three locations may be in habitat near the inflow, middle, and outflow of the reservoir. The composite is

intended to estimate the mean fish tissue contaminant concentration for the lake or reservoir. Given the

diversity of lakes and reservoirs in the study, and given the multiple species that must be used, the study

must rely on the local knowledge of the field teams in the selection of the representative composite

sample.

9.0 SAMPLE HANDLING AND CUSTODY REQUIREMENTS

9.1 Sample Handling

Clean nitrile gloves (provided by the sample control center) should be worn during the entire sample

handling process, beginning with removing the fish from the sampling gear. Individuals of the selected

target species should be rinsed in ambient water to remove any foreign material from the external

surface. After initial processing to determine species and size, each of the five fish found to be suitable

for the composite sample will be individually wrapped in extra heavy-duty aluminum foil (provided by

the sample control center as solvent-rinsed, oven-baked sheets). For specimens with sharp fins, spines

may be broken (via gloved hands or with the use of a tool covered with the aluminum foil provided by

the sample control center) to prevent perforation of the wrapping materials. The broken section of the

fins should be included with the fish sample. A Sample Identification Label (Appendix B) will be

prepared for each aluminum foil-wrapped specimen. Each foil-wrapped fish will be placed into a

waterproof plastic tubing that will be cut to size to fit the specimen (i.e., heavy duty food grade

polyethylene tubing provided by the sample control center), and each end of the tubing will be sealed
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with a plastic cable tie. The completed Sample Identification Label will be affixed to the cable tie, and

the entire specimen package will be “double-bagged” (i.e., placed inside a large plastic bag with all the

specimens of the same species from that site and sealed with another cable tie). Once packaged,

samples should be immediately placed on dry ice for shipment. If samples will be carried back to a

laboratory or other facility to be frozen before shipment, wet ice can be used to transport wrapped and

bagged fish samples in the coolers to that laboratory or facility. If possible, all of the specimens in a

composite sample should be kept together in the same shipping container (ice chest) for transport. 

Sampling Teams have the option, depending on site logistics, of:

• shipping the samples packed on dry ice (in sufficient quantities to keep samples frozen

for up to 48 hours), via priority overnight delivery service (i.e., Federal Express), so

that they arrive at the sample preparation laboratory within less than 24 hours from the

time of sample collection, or

• freezing the samples within 24 hours of collection (at #-20°C), and storing the frozen

samples until shipment within 1 week of sample collection (frozen samples will

subsequently be packed on dry ice and shipped to the sample preparation laboratory

via priority overnight delivery service to arrive within less than 24 hours from time of

shipment).

The time of sample collection, relinquishment by the sample team, and time of their arrival at the sample

preparation laboratory must be recorded on the Chain-of-Custody Form (Appendix B). Field

Sampling Teams should avoid shipping samples for weekend delivery to the sample preparation

laboratory unless prior plans for such a delivery have been agreed upon with the sample control center.

9.2 Sample Integrity

A critical requirement of the National Fish Tissue Study is the maintenance of sample integrity from the

time of collection to the shipment and arrival at the final destination. Sample integrity is maintained by

preventing the loss of contaminants that might be present in the sample and by taking precautions to

avoid possible introduction of contaminants during handling. The loss of contaminants can be prevented

in the field by ensuring that the sample collected remains intact, i.e., sample collection procedures

should be performed with the intention of minimizing the laceration of fish skin. Once a sample is

collected, sample integrity is maintained through careful and controlled sample handling, storage, and

preservation procedures (Section 9.1).

Preventable sources of extraneous contamination can include the sampling gear, oils and greases on

boats, spilled fuel, skin contact, contact with soil or sand, boat motor exhaust, and other potential

sources. All potential sources should be identified before the onset and during sample collection, and
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 appropriate measures

should be taken to minimize or eliminate them. Examples of preventative measures include the

following:

• Collection nets should be free of any potential contaminants.

• The use of tarred collection nets is prohibited.

• Boats should be positioned so that engine exhaust does not fall on the deck area where

samples are being handled.

• Ice chests and other sample storage containers should be scrubbed clean with detergent

and rinsed with distilled water prior to use (containers originating from the sample

control center will be prewashed and rinsed).

• Samples should not be placed directly on dry ice, but should be stored inside foil, 

plastic tubing (i.e., heavy-duty food grade polyethylene tubing as per Section 9.1), and

plastic garbage bags first.

• Proper gloves (clean nitrile gloves) should be used when handling samples.

9.3 Custody Requirements

As soon as possible following collection, the Sampling Team will begin the process of identifying,

labeling, packaging, and storing the sample(s). Each sample will be identified and tracked with a unique

numbering scheme as described in Section 6.0. This ten-character composite code followed by a twodigit specimen number will identify each sample on all documentation and records including the

following:

• Field Record Form,

• Sample Identification Label, and

• Chain-of-Custody Form.

Each sample (i.e., individual fish) will be labeled by affixing a Sample Identification Label (Appendix B)

as per the instructions in Section 9.1. All sample label entries will be made with black indelible ink. 

The sample label will accompany each sample throughout the chain-of-custody. Each sample label will

include the following information:

• project name (USEPA National Fish Tissue Study),

• site identification (lake name),
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• sample number (01 through 05),

• composite code (ten-digit code as in Section 6.0),

• date of sample (month/day/year),

• time of collection (military time),

• preservative used (dry ice or frozen), and

• collector’s name (field team leader).

Detailed documentation of the samples collected in the field (for shipment to the sample preparation

laboratory) and information about the collection location will be recorded on a Field Record Form

(Appendix B). One form must be completed for each sample composite. One page of the four-page

carbonless copy form (Section 6.0) will be retained by the sampler, and the other copies will be

included with sample shipment to the sample preparation laboratory. (The sample preparation

laboratory will retain one copy, and be responsible for forwarding one copy to the sample control

center and one copy to the Tetra Tech Task Leader.) All entries will be made in black ink and no

erasures will be made. Each form will have the proper entry requirements, which includes the following

information:

• composite code (ten digits as per Section 6.0),

• sampling date (month/day/year),

• time of collection (military time),

• collection method (e.g., gill net),

• collector’s name (printed and signed),

• collector’s affiliation, address, and telephone number,

• site name (lake name),

• site description (location of lake and area of lake sampled),

• lake type (e.g., natural lake),

• estimated maximum depth (meters),
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• fish species (common name),

• length (mm) of each specimen,

• location, date and time of collection for each specimen, and

• a simple sketch of the sampling site and sample collection points.

All samples and composites will be transferred to the receiving laboratory (i.e., sample preparation

laboratory) under chain of custody. The Chain-of-Custody Form (Appendix B) acts as a record of

sample shipment and a catalog of the contents of each shipment (coinciding with information on the field

record). The forms will be produced as five-page carbonless copies with one copy retained by the

sampler and four for shipment to the laboratory (i.e., one for the sample preparation laboratory, one for

the sample control center, one for the Tetra Tech Task Leader, and one for duplication and distribution

to the analytical laboratories). The latter four copies will be placed in a waterproof plastic bag

(provided by the sample control center) and sealed inside the shipping container. All Chain-of-Custody

Form entries will be made in black ink and will include:

• the USEPA Project Manager’s name, address and telephone number (refer to the

QAPP cover page),

• sampler’s name and telephone number,

• project name (USEPA National Fish Tissue Study),

• page number (e.g., 1 of 1),

• sample location (lake name),

• collection date and time,

• composite code (ten-digit) and sample number (two-digit),

• preservative (dry ice or frozen),

• number of containers,

• type of analysis required (USEPA 274 PBT target analytes [including breakdown

products and PCB congeners]),

• sampler’s signature, sample date, and time,

• sampler relinquishment date and time,
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• laboratory recipient signature, and

• laboratory receipt date and time.

Immediately following the packing of each shipping container (Section 9.1), each container (ice chest)

will be secured with packaging tape and sealed with a Chain-of-Custody Label (provided by the

laboratory). The Chain-of-Custody Label must contain the signature of the sampler and the date and

time written in ink. The seal must be affixed such that the shipping container cannot be opened without

breaking the seal (e.g., label adhered across the ice chest latch), so as to protect and document the

integrity of the contents from field to laboratory.

10.0 ANALYTICAL METHODS REQUIREMENTS

Samples will be shipped (Section 9.1) under chain of custody to locations designated by the USEPA

Project Manager for processing and analytical testing. Sample processing and analytical testing and

methods are outside the scope of this QAPP and therefore are not addressed herein, but will be

discussed in the Analytical Activities QAPP.

11.0 QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

Data quality is addressed, in part, by consistent performance of valid procedures documented in the

standard operating procedures (Appendix B). It is enhanced by the training and experience of project

staff (Section 5.0) and documentation of project activities (Section 6.0). This QAPP, a field sampling

plan, and training materials will be distributed to all USEPA/Regional/State/ Tribal Fish Sampling

Coordinators, and, in turn, to sampling personnel. Orientation sessions will be set up by EPA Regions

to distribute and discuss project materials (Section 5.0). USEPA Regional/State/Tribal Fish Sampling

Coordinators and Field Team Leaders will be required to view the training materials, read the QAPP,

and verify in writing that they read or viewed the materials and understood the procedures and

requirements. 

12.0 INSTRUMENT/EQUIPMENT TESTING, INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE

REQUIREMENTS

All field equipment will be inspected prior to sampling activities to ensure that proper use requirements

are met (e.g., boats or electrofishers are operating correctly, nets are without defects, pH meter

properly calibrated). Inspection of field equipment will occur well in advance of the field operation to

allow time for replacement or repair of defective equipment, and the field team will be equipped with

proper backup equipment to prevent lost time on site. One member of each field team should gather

and inspect all equipment on the equipment and supply list (Table 7) prior to each sampling event.
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 31 of 36

13.0 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION AND FREQUENCY

All pH meters used by field teams will be calibrated according to the manufacturer’s operating

instructions, on a daily basis, while in use (Appendix C). 

14.0 INSPECTION/ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR SUPPLIES AND

CONSUMABLES

Careful and thorough planning is necessary to ensure the efficient and effective completion of the field

sample collection task. A general checklist of field equipment and supplies is provided in Table 7. 

Sampling gear will be provided by each field team, and most sample preparation and shipment supplies

will be provided by the sample control center. It will be the responsibility of each field team to gather

and inspect the necessary sampling gear prior to the sampling event and to inspect the sample

packaging and shipping supplies received from the laboratory. Defective packaging and shipping

supplies (e.g., torn or damaged polyethylene sample tubing) will be discarded, and, if necessary, the

field team will contact the sample control center to obtain replacement supplies.

15.0 DATA ACQUISITION REQUIREMENTS (NONDIRECT MEASUREMENTS)

Nondirect measurements will include identification and/or verification of each sample lake location (i.e.,

latitude and longitude). Coordinates of the target lakes are provided in Appendix A as decimal degrees

and conventional degrees, minutes, and seconds. USEPA Regional/State/ Tribal Fish Sampling

Coordinators or Field Sampling Teams having corrections to the Appendix A coordinates for a

particular target lake (based on USGS quadrangle, or equivalent, map verification), need to report

those corrections to the USEPA Project Manager (telephone 202/260-7055) or Tetra Tech Task

Leader (telephone 410/356-8993).

16.0 DATA MANAGEMENT

Samples will be documented and tracked via Sample Identification Labels, Field Record Forms, and

Chain-of-Custody Forms (Section 6.0). Since the sampling effort is a cooperative one involving many

different partner agencies and groups, the diligence of the Field Sampling Teams in completion of the

proper records is essential. Field team leaders will be responsible for reviewing all completed field

forms. Any corrections should be noted, initialed, and dated by the reviewer (Section 6.0). As

mentioned in Section 6.0, Field Record Forms and Chain-of-Custody Forms will each be prepared

and replicated in the field, via multiple page “carbonless copy” forms. The sampler will retain one copy

each of the Field Record and Chain-of-Custody Forms, and the remaining copies will be delivered to

the sample preparation laboratory with the samples. Shipment of samples to the sample preparation

laboratory (Section 9.1) must be conducted by a delivery service that provides constant tracking of

shipments (e.g., Federal Express). Laboratory sample log-in and data management procedures are

beyond the scope of this QAPP.
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 32 of 36

The sample preparation laboratory will retain one copy of each Field Record Form and Chain-ofCustody Form, and will forward a copy of each to the Tetra Tech Task Leader. All form copies

obtained by Tetra Tech will be maintained in a project file during the active phase of the project, and

for a period of 2 years following completion of the project (unless otherwise directed by USEPA).

Upon completion of annual sampling activities, Tetra Tech will develop a field collection effort summary

(i.e., a detailed listing of all sampling participants, sampling locations, and specimens collected) based

on information recorded by all Sampling Teams on the Field Record Forms. The Field Record Form

data will be entered into an Excel® spreadsheet to create the annual summary. All data entries will be

checked for errors in transcription and computer input by a minimum of two persons. If there is any

indication that requirements for sample integrity or data quality have not been met, the Tetra Tech QA

Officer will be notified immediately (with an accompanying explanation of the problems encountered). 

All computer files associated with the project will be stored in a project subdirectory by Tetra Tech,

and will be copied to disk for archive for the two years subsequent to project completion (unless

otherwise directed by the USEPA Project Manager).

C. ASSESSMENT/OVERSIGHT

 17.0 ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE ACTIONS

Assessment activities and corrective response actions have been identified to ensure that sample

collection activities are conducted as prescribed and that the measurement quality objectives and data

quality objectives established by USEPA are met. The QA program under which this project will

operate includes performance and system audits with independent checks of the data obtained from

sampling activities. Either type of audit could indicate the need for corrective action. The essential

steps in the program are as follows:

• identify and define the problem,

• assign responsibility for investigating the problem,

• investigate and determine the cause of the problem,

• assign and accept responsibility for implementing appropriate corrective action,

• establish effectiveness of and implement the corrective action, and

• verify that the corrective action has eliminated the problem.

Immediate corrective actions form part of normal operating procedures and are noted on project Field

Record Forms. Problems not solved this way require more formalized, long-term
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 33 of 36

corrective action. In the event that quality problems requiring attention are identified, the Tetra 

Tech Task Leader and/or Tetra Tech QA Officer will determine whether attainment of acceptable data

quality requires either short- or long-term actions. Failure in an analytical system (e.g., performance

requirements are not met) and corrective actions for those failures are beyond the scope of this QAPP.

Communication and oversight will proceed from Field Sampling Team Leaders (e.g., senior fisheries

biologist) to the Tetra Tech Task Leader and the USEPA Regional/State/Tribal Fish Sampling

Coordinators. The Tetra Tech Task Leader will be on-call throughout the entire sampling period

(Section 7.2) to address questions and receive communications of sampling status from the Field

Sampling Teams. The Tetra Tech Task Leader will communicate the status of the sampling activities to

the USEPA Project Manager on a weekly basis (at a minimum). The USEPA Regional/State/Tribal

Fish Sampling Coordinators and Tetra Tech Task Leader will immediately consult with the Tetra Tech

QA Officer and USEPA Project Manager regarding any difficulties encountered during sample

collection activities. The Tetra Tech QA Officer will initiate the corrective action system described

above, documenting the nature of the problem and ensuring that the recommended corrective action is

carried out.

The USEPA Project Manager and/or the Tetra Tech QA Officer will work with the USEPA Regional/

State/Tribal Fish Sampling Coordinators and Tetra Tech Task Leader to determine the best way to

rectify the problem and obtain accurate and useable data. When corrective actions have been taken

and a sufficient time period has elapsed that allows a response, the response will be compared with

project goals by the USEPA Project Manager. The Tetra Tech QA Officer will verify that the

corrective action has been appropriately addressed to eliminate the problem. The USEPA QA

Manager has the authority to stop work on the project if problems affecting data quality are identified

that will require extensive effort to resolve. The USEPA Project Manager will consult with the USEPA

QA Manager regarding any and all corrective actions and stop work orders.

Performance audits are qualitative checks on different segments of project activities, and are most

appropriate for sampling, analysis, and data processing activities. Field audits will be conducted

periodically in accordance with Agency requirements and availability of resources. Performance audit

techniques include checks on sampling equipment, measurements, and the analysis of data quality using

QC and spiked samples. Analytical performance audits are beyond the scope of this QAPP. The

USEPA Regional/State/Tribal Fish Sampling Coordinators and/or the Tetra Tech Task Leader will be

responsible for overseeing work as it is performed, and periodically conducting QC checks during the

sample collection phase of this project.

System audits are qualitative reviews of project activity to check that the overall quality program is

functioning and that the appropriate QC measures identified in the QAPP are being implemented. The

Tetra Tech QA Officer will conduct one internal system audit during the project and report the results

to the USEPA Project Manager on Tetra Tech’s standard Audit Report Form.
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 34 of 36

18.0 REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT

Following completion of the system audit, the Tetra Tech QA Officer will prepare an Audit Report

Form and submit copies to both the USEPA Project Manager and the USEPA QA Officer.

Upon completion of weekly sampling activities, the Tetra Tech Task Leader will contact the USEPA

Project Manager to summarize Field Sampling Team progress for the preceding week and submit a

weekly progress report detailing the sampling activities. Following completion of annual field sampling

activities, Tetra Tech will prepare an annual field collection effort summary (i.e., detailed listing of all

sampling participants, sampling locations, and specimens collected) for review by the USEPA Project

Manager. Following incorporation of USEPA Project Manager comments and final approval, the

summary will be used to report back to USEPA Regional/State/Tribal participants to document

collective sampling progress for each study year.

D. DATA VALIDATION AND USABILITY

19.0 DATA REVIEW, VALIDATION, AND VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

Data validation and review services provide a method for determining the usability and limitations of

data, and provide a standardized data quality assessment. All Field Record Forms and Chain-ofCustody records will be reviewed by the Tetra Tech Task Leader (assisted by the QA Officer, as

needed) for completeness and correctness. Tetra Tech will be responsible for reviewing data entries

and transmittals for completeness and adherence to QA requirements. Data quality will be assessed by

comparing entered data to original data or by comparing results with the measurement performance

criteria summarized in Section 4.2 to determine whether to accept, reject, or qualify the data. Results

of the review and validation processes will be reported to the USEPA Project Manager.

20.0 VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION METHODS

All Field Record Forms and Chain-of-Custody records will be reviewed by the Tetra Tech Task

Leader. The Tetra Tech QA Officer will review a minimum of five percent of the Field Record Forms

and Chain-of-Custody records. Any discrepancies in the records will be reconciled with the

appropriate associated field personnel and will be reported to the USEPA Project Manager.

Analytical validation and verification methods are outside of the scope of this QAPP. The submission

of samples to the sample preparation laboratory will include Field Record Forms and Chain-ofCustody Forms documenting sampling time and date. This information will be checked by the receiving

laboratory to ensure that holding times (Section 9.1) have not been exceeded. Violations of holding

times will be reported (by the laboratory) to the USEPA Project Manager and the Tetra Tech Task

Leader via the USEPA Sample Analysis Manager, and the

USEPA Project Manager will discuss with the USEPA Sample Analysis Manager whether or not to

issue a stop work order for analysis of that particular sample.
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 35 of 36

21.0 RECONCILIATION WITH DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

As soon as possible following completion of the sample collection task, precision, accuracy, and

completeness measures will be assessed by Tetra Tech and compared with the criteria discussed in

Section 4.0. This will represent the final determination of whether the data collected are of the correct

type, quantity, and quality to support their intended use for this project. Any problems encountered in

meeting the performance criteria (or uncertainties and limitations in the use of the data) will be discussed

with the USEPA Project Manager, and will be reconciled, if possible.
National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue QAPP Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 36 of 36

LITERATURE CITED

NOAA. 1993. Sampling and Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program

National Benthic Surveillance and Mussel Watch Projects 1984-1992, Volumes I-IV. 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Coastal Monitoring and Bioeffects

Assessment Division, Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment, National

Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS ORCA 71. 

Reference No. 024.

Olsen, A.R., D.L. Stevens, Jr., and D. White. 1998. Application of global grids in environmental

sampling. Computing Science and Statistics. 30:279-284.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1992. National Study of Chemical Residues 

in Fish. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology,

Washington, D.C. EPA 823-R-92-008.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1995. Guidance for Assessing Chemical 

Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, Volume 1: Fish Sampling and Analysis, Second

Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. EPA

823-R-95-007.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999a. EPA Requirements for Quality Assurance

Project Plans. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Quality Assurance Division,

Washington, D.C. Interim Final. EPA/QA/R-5.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999b. National Study of Chemical Residues in

Lake Fish Tissue: Study Design. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and

Technology, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999c. Update: Listing of Fish and Wildlife 

Advisories. Fact Sheet. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington,

D.C. EPA 823-F-99-005.
Appendix A

Randomly Selected List

of Target Lakes

1 of 35

OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

OWOW99-0022 -87.3315 33.9487 AL WALKER 4 1 87 19 53.40 33 56 55.32

OWOW99-0072 -85.0969 31.9344 WALTER F GEORGE

RES

AL BARBOUR 15282 1 85 5 48.84 31 56 3.84

OWOW99-0136 -87.1320 34.0809 Lewis Smith Lake AL WINSTON 8793 1 87 7 55.20 34 4 51.24

OWOW99-0147 -86.0285 31.1530 AL GENEVA 6 1 86 1 42.60 31 9 10.80

OWOW99-0161 -87.0398 34.6639 Wheeler Lake AL 27143 1 87 2 23.21 34 39 49.93

OWOW99-0197 -87.3823 32.0983 AL WILCOX 4738 1 87 22 56.28 32 5 53.88

OWOW99-0486 -86.3385 33.3199 AL TALLADEGA 16 2 86 20 18.60 33 19 11.64

OWOW99-0511 -85.5705 34.0993 AL CHEROKEE 48 2 85 34 13.80 34 5 57.48

OWOW99-0547 -87.1202 33.3243 AL JEFFERSON 7 2 87 7 12.72 33 19 27.48

OWOW99-0560 -85.1396 32.4487 Clark's lake AL RUSSELL 3 2 85 8 22.56 32 26 55.32

OWOW99-0622 -85.3245 31.1539 Pine Lake AL HOUSTON 3 2 85 19 28.20 31 9 14.04

OWOW99-0647 -85.7285 32.4403 AL MACON 3 2 85 43 42.60 32 26 25.08

OWOW99-0923 -87.2961 31.4475 Kelley Lake AL MONROE 2 3 87 17 45.96 31 26 51.00

OWOW99-0947 -87.4428 32.8863 Payne Lake AL HALE 46 3 87 26 34.08 32 53 10.68

OWOW99-0961 -86.2978 34.1229 AL MARSHALL 3 3 86 17 52.08 34 7 22.44

OWOW99-1072 -86.7524 32.3890 Jones Bluff Lake AL LOWNDES 5063 3 86 45 8.64 32 23 20.40

OWOW99-1436 -85.9938 33.6132 AL CALHOUN 7 4 85 59 37.68 33 36 47.52

OWOW99-1472 -86.0533 32.3590 AL MONTGOMERY 1 4 86 3 11.88 32 21 32.40

OWOW99-1497 -86.3959 33.1694 Candles Lake AL TALLADEGA 26 4 86 23 45.24 33 10 9.84

OWOW99-0047 -93.9120 35.2279 AR LOGAN 6 1 93 54 43.20 35 13 40.44

OWOW99-0097 -91.9745 34.9647 AR LONOKE 3 1 91 58 28.20 34 57 52.92

OWOW99-0122 -91.3425 35.7756 AR INDEPENDENCE 2 1 91 20 33.00 35 46 32.16

OWOW99-0143 -92.2420 36.4063 NORFOLK L AR BAXTER 7546 1 92 14 31.20 36 24 22.68

OWOW99-0171 -91.7495 34.1479 AR JEFFERSON 5 1 91 44 58.20 34 8 52.44

OWOW99-0222 -90.3498 34.8895 AR CRITTENDEN 2 1 90 20 59.28 34 53 22.20

OWOW99-0497 -93.8325 35.5319 AR FRANKLIN 166 2 93 49 57.00 35 31 54.84
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

2 of 35

OWOW99-0523 -93.7021 33.2410 AR LAFAYETTE 21 2 93 42 7.56 33 14 27.60

OWOW99-0571 -92.1631 35.5610 AR CLEBURNE 4803 2 92 9 47.16 35 33 39.60

OWOW99-0623 -93.1037 34.1847 AR CLARK 152 2 93 6 13.32 34 11 4.92

OWOW99-0922 -91.7543 34.7737 AR LONOKE 7 3 91 45 15.48 34 46 25.32

OWOW99-0971 -91.0572 34.2542 AR PHILLIPS 2 3 91 3 25.92 34 15 15.12

OWOW99-1022 -90.7207 34.7570 AR LEE 1 3 90 43 14.52 34 45 25.20

OWOW99-1046 -92.5217 34.5720 AR SALINE 4 3 92 31 18.12 34 34 19.20

OWOW99-1371 -93.3895 34.6169 L OUCHITA AR GARLAND 15816 4 93 23 22.20 34 37 0.84

OWOW99-1396 -91.3933 34.4663 AR ARKANSAS 24 4 91 23 35.88 34 27 58.68

OWOW99-1398 -94.0040 33.7506 Millwood Lake AR LITTLE RIVER 9668 4 94 0 14.40 33 45 2.16

OWOW99-1447 -91.6630 34.9565 AR PRAIRIE 6 4 91 39 46.80 34 57 23.40

OWOW99-1449 -93.2374 34.2571 Degray Lake AR CLARK 4576 4 93 14 14.64 34 15 25.56

OWOW99-1493 -93.9496 36.3670 BEAVER RES AR BENTON 8311 4 93 56 58.56 36 22 1.20

OWOW99-1522 -90.3370 34.9306 AR CRITTENDEN 872 4 90 20 13.20 34 55 50.16

OWOW99-0045 -111.2923 33.5876 Apache Lake AZ MARICOPA 888 1 111 17 32.28 33 35 15.36

OWOW99-0569 -109.5274 34.1152 Carnero Lake AZ APACHE 27 2 109 31 38.64 34 6 54.72

OWOW99-0595 -110.0558 34.3240 White Lake AZ NAVAJO 10 2 110 3 20.88 34 19 26.40

OWOW99-1020 -114.6362 35.4539 L MOJAVE AZ MOHAVE 10446 3 114 38 10.32 35 27 14.04

OWOW99-1044 -109.4212 33.9097 Crescent Lake AZ APACHE 64 3 109 25 16.32 33 54 34.92

OWOW99-1520 -114.3657 34.5009 L HAVASU AZ MOHAVE 7223 4 114 21 56.52 34 30 3.24

OWOW99-0001 -120.4193 41.9579 Goose Lake CA 0 1 120 25 9.59 41 57 28.58

OWOW99-0002 -119.2349 36.8747 CA FRESNO 2337 1 119 14 5.64 36 52 28.92

OWOW99-0018 -114.5414 33.5724 CA RIVERSIDE 7 1 114 32 29.04 33 34 20.64

OWOW99-0026 -123.7864 40.0640 CA HUMBOLDT 25 1 123 47 11.04 40 3 50.40

OWOW99-0027 -119.7812 38.1627 CA TUOLUMNE 3 1 119 46 52.32 38 9 45.72

OWOW99-0051 -122.1163 37.7861 CA ALAMEDA 309 1 122 6 58.68 37 47 9.96
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

3 of 35

OWOW99-0077 -120.4489 40.5446 CA LASSEN 11 1 120 26 56.04 40 32 40.56

OWOW99-0118 -116.8157 34.0550 CA SAN BERNARDINO 74 1 116 48 56.52 34 3 18.00

OWOW99-0126 -122.7705 39.0266 Clear Lake CA LAKE 15956 1 122 46 13.80 39 1 35.76

OWOW99-0128 -118.1459 35.0290 CA KERN 1 1 118 8 45.24 35 1 44.40

OWOW99-0151 -121.3599 39.5799 Lake Oroville CA BUTTE 1730 1 121 21 35.64 39 34 47.64

OWOW99-0201 -122.1881 41.4196 CA SISKIYOU 294 1 122 11 17.16 41 25 10.56

OWOW99-0452 -118.6846 37.1583 CA FRESNO 2 2 118 41 4.56 37 9 29.88

OWOW99-0468 -116.7810 32.9124 CA SAN DIEGO 590 2 116 46 51.60 32 54 44.64

OWOW99-0476 -122.3975 40.8253 SHASTA L CA SHASTA 5468 2 122 23 51.00 40 49 31.08

OWOW99-0477 -119.0280 38.0050 Mono Lake CA MONO 16302 2 119 1 40.80 38 0 18.00

OWOW99-0503 -121.1275 37.0439 San Luis Res CA MERCED 5214 2 121 7 39.00 37 2 38.04

OWOW99-0551 -120.5188 40.2272 CA PLUMAS 2 2 120 31 7.68 40 13 37.92

OWOW99-0577 -120.8588 37.1225 CA MERCED 6 2 120 51 31.68 37 7 21.00

OWOW99-0601 -121.1105 38.4797 CA SACRAMENTO 2 2 121 6 37.80 38 28 46.92

OWOW99-0603 -118.1823 34.2971 CA LOS ANGELES 33 2 118 10 56.28 34 17 49.56

OWOW99-0651 -121.1289 41.5180 CA MODOC 55 2 121 7 44.04 41 31 4.80

OWOW99-0953 -119.4818 36.0562 CA TULARE 44 3 119 28 54.48 36 3 22.32

OWOW99-0977 -118.9776 37.3797 CA FRESNO 755 3 118 58 39.36 37 22 46.92

OWOW99-1002 -120.8496 37.8529 CA STANISLAUS 719 3 120 50 58.56 37 51 10.44

OWOW99-1026 -120.1551 38.9911 CA EL DORADO 8 3 120 9 18.36 38 59 27.96

OWOW99-1076 -121.8182 38.0663 CA SOLANO 476 3 121 49 5.52 38 3 58.68

OWOW99-1118 -115.8314 33.3079 Salton Sea CA IMPERIAL 94543 3 115 49 53.04 33 18 28.44

OWOW99-1351 -120.4928 39.4114 CA NEVADA 89 4 120 29 34.08 39 24 41.04

OWOW99-1378 -120.8460 35.3417 CA SAN LUIS OBISPO 858 4 120 50 45.60 35 20 30.12

OWOW99-1402 -117.9516 36.1876 CA INYO 687 4 117 57 5.76 36 11 15.36

OWOW99-1418 -118.0490 33.6996 CA ORANGE 6 4 118 2 56.40 33 41 58.56
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

4 of 35

OWOW99-1426 -122.7696 40.8951 Claire Engle CA TRINITY 6757 4 122 46 10.56 40 53 42.36

OWOW99-1427 -119.4148 37.6232 CA MADERA 4 4 119 24 53.28 37 37 23.52

OWOW99-1502 -121.9981 37.4396 CA SANTA CLARA 61 4 121 59 53.16 37 26 22.56

OWOW99-1526 -120.7485 38.7982 CA EL DORADO 9 4 120 44 54.60 38 47 53.52

OWOW99-1528 -120.4040 34.9692 CA SANTA BARBARA 941 4 120 24 14.40 34 58 9.12

OWOW99-1551 -120.1479 41.7342 Upper Alkali Lake (dry) CA MODOC 11196 4 120 8 52.44 41 44 3.12

OWOW99-0019 -102.3823 37.4862 CO BACA 22 1 102 22 56.28 37 29 10.32

OWOW99-0028 -104.7065 40.0127 CO WELD 6 1 104 42 23.40 40 0 45.72

OWOW99-0078 -107.3337 39.7020 CO GARFIELD 9 1 107 20 1.32 39 42 7.20

OWOW99-0176 -108.0405 39.0011 CO DELTA 6 1 108 2 25.80 39 0 3.96

OWOW99-0469 -102.2763 40.0854 CO YUMA 7 2 102 16 34.68 40 5 7.44

OWOW99-0478 -105.0226 40.5558 CO LARIMER 3 2 105 1 21.36 40 33 20.88

OWOW99-0552 -106.2063 40.0177 CO GRAND 546 2 106 12 22.68 40 1 3.72

OWOW99-0903 -104.4631 40.8024 CO WELD 1 3 104 27 47.16 40 48 8.64

OWOW99-0969 -106.5172 37.4731 CO RIO GRANDE 6 3 106 31 1.92 37 28 23.16

OWOW99-0994 -103.7030 38.1887 CO CROWLEY 2239 3 103 42 10.80 38 11 19.32

OWOW99-1003 -105.0564 40.7888 CO LARIMER 10 3 105 3 23.04 40 47 19.68

OWOW99-1394 -107.8886 37.8946 CO SAN MIGUEL 2 4 107 53 18.96 37 53 40.56

OWOW99-1428 -105.3511 40.8820 CO LARIMER 108 4 105 21 3.96 40 52 55.20

OWOW99-1569 -104.8543 39.6397 CO ARAPAHOE 347 4 104 51 15.48 39 38 22.92

OWOW99-0117 -71.9430 42.0115 Quinebaug River CT WINDHAM 11 1 71 56 34.80 42 0 41.40

OWOW99-0938 -73.4959 41.3409 Rainbow Lake CT FAIRFIELD 15 3 73 29 45.24 41 20 27.24

OWOW99-1117 -72.9549 41.9704 Barkhamsted Reservoir CT LITCHFIELD 891 3 72 57 17.64 41 58 13.44

OWOW99-1538 -72.7665 41.5074 Foster Lake CT NEW HAVEN 4 4 72 45 59.40 41 30 26.64

OWOW99-0025 -81.8469 28.4754 FL LAKE 78 1 81 50 48.84 28 28 31.44

OWOW99-0050 -81.9264 28.6951 FL LAKE 10 1 81 55 35.04 28 41 42.36
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

5 of 35

OWOW99-0060 -82.3394 30.0367 FL UNION 363 1 82 20 21.84 30 2 12.12

OWOW99-0075 -81.5695 24.7544 FL MONROE 24 1 81 34 10.20 24 45 15.84

OWOW99-0100 -82.3507 28.9242 Tsala Apopka Lake FL 0 1 82 21 2.52 28 55 27.23

OWOW99-0125 -80.9404 27.9389 FL OSCEOLA 2 1 80 56 25.44 27 56 20.04

OWOW99-0135 -81.8437 29.1804 FL MARION 140 1 81 50 37.32 29 10 49.44

OWOW99-0150 -80.7960 27.1752 Lake Okeechobee FL OKEECHOBEE 4830 1 80 47 45.60 27 10 30.72

OWOW99-0160 -80.5882 27.7803 FL INDIAN RIVER 3 1 80 35 17.52 27 46 49.08

OWOW99-0175 -82.2463 27.5928 FL MANATEE 2 1 82 14 46.68 27 35 34.08

OWOW99-0200 -84.9271 30.6812 FL JACKSON 3 1 84 55 37.56 30 40 52.32

OWOW99-0225 -82.2637 28.3406 FL PASCO 62 1 82 15 49.32 28 20 26.16

OWOW99-0475 -81.6036 28.5265 FL ORANGE 76 2 81 36 12.96 28 31 35.40

OWOW99-0498 -86.3279 30.4826 FL WALTON 2 2 86 19 40.44 30 28 57.36

OWOW99-0500 -81.6221 28.6191 Lake Apopka FL ORANGE 12439 2 81 37 19.56 28 37 8.76

OWOW99-0510 -80.9802 28.2704 FL OSCEOLA 5 2 80 58 48.72 28 16 13.44

OWOW99-0525 -81.1501 26.4247 FL HENDRY 24 2 81 9 0.36 26 25 28.92

OWOW99-0535 -81.2028 29.5902 FL FLAGLER 111 2 81 12 10.08 29 35 24.72

OWOW99-0550 -80.6610 24.9913 FL MONROE 53 2 80 39 39.60 24 59 28.68

OWOW99-0574 -81.9198 29.0737 FL MARION 7 2 81 55 11.28 29 4 25.32

OWOW99-0600 -82.2659 27.9661 FL HILLSBOROUGH 22 2 82 15 57.24 27 57 57.96

OWOW99-0610 -81.6416 29.4031 FL PUTNAM 3 2 81 38 29.76 29 24 11.16

OWOW99-0625 -80.2610 26.0262 FL BROWARD 5 2 80 15 39.60 26 1 34.32

OWOW99-0650 -82.5276 29.4948 FL ALACHUA 7 2 82 31 39.36 29 29 41.28

OWOW99-0675 -81.8420 27.8500 FL POLK 130 2 81 50 31.20 27 51 0.00

OWOW99-0925 -81.8724 28.9253 FL LAKE 9 3 81 52 20.64 28 55 31.08

OWOW99-0960 -81.4955 28.6981 FL ORANGE 23 3 81 29 43.80 28 41 53.16

OWOW99-0972 -85.4548 30.7352 FL WASHINGTON 5 3 85 27 17.28 30 44 6.72
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

6 of 35

OWOW99-0975 -81.4995 27.7380 FL POLK 1400 3 81 29 58.20 27 44 16.80

OWOW99-1000 -81.3723 28.2325 L TOHOPEKALIGA FL OSCEOLA 7643 3 81 22 20.28 28 13 57.00

OWOW99-1025 -82.6637 28.2997 FL PASCO 8 3 82 39 49.32 28 17 58.92

OWOW99-1050 -82.3075 27.4795 FL MANATEE 593 3 82 18 27.00 27 28 46.20

OWOW99-1060 -81.8922 29.6284 FL PUTNAM 18 3 81 53 31.92 29 37 42.24

OWOW99-1075 -85.7628 30.4994 FL WASHINGTON 20 3 85 45 46.08 30 29 57.84

OWOW99-1100 -82.3138 26.8617 FL CHARLOTTE 16 3 82 18 49.68 26 51 42.12

OWOW99-1125 -81.0849 28.1410 FL OSCEOLA 7 3 81 5 5.64 28 8 27.60

OWOW99-1385 -81.4253 28.9124 FL LAKE 3 4 81 25 31.08 28 54 44.64

OWOW99-1400 -81.8260 26.8045 FL CHARLOTTE 6 4 81 49 33.60 26 48 16.20

OWOW99-1425 -81.4320 28.1606 FL OSCEOLA 57 4 81 25 55.20 28 9 38.16

OWOW99-1450 -81.7713 28.8391 FL LAKE 2 4 81 46 16.68 28 50 20.76

OWOW99-1475 -83.5613 30.0024 FL TAYLOR 6 4 83 33 40.68 30 0 8.64

OWOW99-1485 -82.1732 29.4535 Orange Lake FL 5142 4 82 10 23.66 29 27 12.46

OWOW99-1500 -80.9613 25.3195 FL MONROE 50 4 80 57 40.68 25 19 10.20

OWOW99-1525 -81.9134 27.7037 FL POLK 113 4 81 54 48.24 27 42 13.32

OWOW99-1535 -80.8242 28.9187 FL VOLUSIA 4 4 80 49 27.12 28 55 7.32

OWOW99-1550 -81.8328 26.3086 FL COLLIER 13 4 81 49 58.08 26 18 30.96

OWOW99-1575 -81.7677 27.9878 FL POLK 259 4 81 46 3.72 27 59 16.08

OWOW99-0011 -82.0992 32.5078 GA CANDLER 8 1 82 5 57.12 32 30 28.08

OWOW99-0036 -84.6784 31.9560 GA STEWART 1 1 84 40 42.24 31 57 21.60

OWOW99-0061 -83.8010 34.6489 GA WHITE 16 1 83 48 3.60 34 38 56.04

OWOW99-0086 -85.1335 33.0623 West Point Lake GA TROUP 9215 1 85 8 0.60 33 3 44.28

OWOW99-0111 -83.2689 31.5345 GA IRWIN 3 1 83 16 8.04 31 32 4.20

OWOW99-0185 -82.4576 31.0359 GA WARE 4 1 82 27 27.36 31 2 9.24

OWOW99-0186 -82.7802 34.0842 GA ELBERT 2 1 82 46 48.72 34 5 3.12
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

7 of 35

OWOW99-0461 -82.2751 32.5185 GA EMANUEL 6 2 82 16 30.36 32 31 6.60

OWOW99-0586 -83.1705 31.6930 GA BEN HILL 3 2 83 10 13.80 31 41 34.80

OWOW99-0636 -83.2274 34.0646 GA MADISON 33 2 83 13 38.64 34 3 52.56

OWOW99-0661 -82.7082 32.8112 GA WASHINGTON 13 2 82 42 29.52 32 48 40.32

OWOW99-0911 -83.4105 33.0359 GA JONES 1 3 83 24 37.80 33 2 9.24

OWOW99-0950 -84.3761 30.6983 GA GRADY 13 3 84 22 33.96 30 41 53.88

OWOW99-0986 -81.6357 32.9502 GA SCREVEN 2 3 81 38 8.52 32 57 0.72

OWOW99-1011 -84.6197 32.3871 GA MARION 10 3 84 37 10.92 32 23 13.56

OWOW99-1035 -84.6319 34.1368 GA CHEROKEE 4661 3 84 37 54.84 34 8 12.48

OWOW99-1085 -82.5690 31.0989 GA WARE 3 3 82 34 8.40 31 5 56.04

OWOW99-1097 -83.8326 30.8728 GA THOMAS 5 3 83 49 57.36 30 52 22.08

OWOW99-1111 -82.7243 31.2453 GA ATKINSON 3 3 82 43 27.48 31 14 43.08

OWOW99-1360 -84.9227 33.6541 GA CARROLL 6 4 84 55 21.72 33 39 14.76

OWOW99-1386 -85.2008 34.2992 GA FLOYD 12 4 85 12 2.88 34 17 57.12

OWOW99-1411 -83.8231 31.1853 GA COLQUITT 4 4 83 49 23.16 31 11 7.08

OWOW99-1461 -82.3983 33.6589 J Strom Thurmond Res GA COLUMBIA 10307 4 82 23 53.88 33 39 32.04

OWOW99-1511 -83.2477 31.8803 GA WILCOX 40 4 83 14 51.72 31 52 49.08

OWOW99-1547 -84.9136 30.7852 L SEMINOLE GA SEMINOLE 5138 4 84 54 48.96 30 47 6.72

OWOW99-1561 -83.2858 33.2307 Lake Sinclair GA PUTNAM 2071 4 83 17 8.88 33 13 50.52

OWOW99-0082 -95.7467 43.3695 IA OSCEOLA 6 1 95 44 48.12 43 22 10.20

OWOW99-0165 -93.6948 42.8389 Morse Lake IA WRIGHT 41 1 93 41 41.28 42 50 20.04

OWOW99-0540 -93.7902 40.8780 Unnamed lake IA DECATUR 3 2 93 47 24.72 40 52 40.80

OWOW99-0615 -95.8102 40.7771 Percival Lake IA FREMONT 6 2 95 48 36.72 40 46 37.56

OWOW99-0907 -94.8276 43.4883 Eagle Lake IA EMMET 82 3 94 49 39.36 43 29 17.88

OWOW99-0965 -92.3738 40.9740 Sand pit IA WAPELLO 13 3 92 22 25.68 40 58 26.40

OWOW99-1040 -93.7316 41.7532 Saylorville Lake IA POLK 2041 3 93 43 53.76 41 45 11.52
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

8 of 35

OWOW99-1090 -94.2594 41.5498 Diamondhead Lake IA GUTHRIE 40 3 94 15 33.84 41 32 59.28

OWOW99-1432 -94.8721 42.9460 Rush Lake IA PALO ALTO 178 4 94 52 19.56 42 56 45.60

OWOW99-0079 -117.0784 44.6758 Brownlee Reservoir ID WASHINGTON 6071 1 117 4 42.35 44 40 32.74

OWOW99-0127 -111.1113 43.2436 PALISADES RES ID BONNEVILLE 6062 1 111 6 40.68 43 14 36.96

OWOW99-0177 -112.9475 42.7355 ID POWER 6 1 112 56 50.86 42 44 7.94

OWOW99-0553 -114.6393 43.7787 ID BLAINE 8 2 114 38 21.44 43 46 43.39

OWOW99-0554 -116.8576 48.5679 Priest Lake ID BONNER 9454 2 116 51 27.50 48 34 4.37

OWOW99-0627 -111.3329 42.0037 Bear Lake ID 28329 2 111 19 58.48 42 0 13.32

OWOW99-0904 -115.9208 45.0938 ID VALLEY 3 3 115 55 14.81 45 5 37.50

OWOW99-1028 -115.8469 45.0996 ID VALLEY 3 3 115 50 48.88 45 5 58.45

OWOW99-1452 -111.5860 42.9042 Blackfoot Reservoir ID CARIBOU 6475 4 111 35 9.67 42 54 15.01

OWOW99-0015 -88.7835 37.7733 Unnamed lake IL WILLIAMSON 6 1 88 47 0.60 37 46 23.88

OWOW99-0041 -88.6600 41.6475 Buck Lake IL DE KALB 4 1 88 39 36.00 41 38 51.00

OWOW99-0091 -89.2082 41.0500 Unnamed lake IL MARSHALL 2 1 89 12 29.52 41 2 60.00

OWOW99-0115 -89.8931 39.4512 Otter Lake IL MACOUPIN 126 1 89 53 35.16 39 27 4.32

OWOW99-0140 -90.6031 41.4549 Unnamed lake IL ROCK ISLAND 2 1 90 36 11.16 41 27 17.64

OWOW99-0190 -89.3736 38.5090 Unnamed lake IL CLINTON 7 1 89 22 24.96 38 30 32.40

OWOW99-0491 -87.5327 41.6645 Wolf Lake IL COOK 323 2 87 31 57.72 41 39 52.20

OWOW99-0515 -89.5855 40.5838 Unnamed lake IL TAZEWELL 17 2 89 35 7.80 40 35 1.68

OWOW99-0916 -89.3615 41.2039 Unnamed lake IL PUTNAM 31 3 89 21 41.40 41 12 14.04

OWOW99-0990 -89.8377 38.2833 Unnamed lake IL ST CLAIR 4 3 89 50 15.72 38 16 59.88

OWOW99-1065 -88.9741 38.0812 Rend Lake IL FRANKLIN 833 3 88 58 26.76 38 4 52.32

OWOW99-1115 -90.2936 40.1154 Crane Lake IL MASON 73 3 90 17 36.96 40 6 55.44

OWOW99-1390 -89.9905 40.3401 McHarry Pond IL MASON 6 4 89 59 25.80 40 20 24.36

OWOW99-1415 -90.0621 38.9224 Unnamed lake IL MADISON 5 4 90 3 43.56 38 55 20.64

OWOW99-1441 -88.2174 41.2945 Unnamed lake IL WILL 25 4 88 13 2.64 41 17 40.20
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

9 of 35

OWOW99-1465 -88.5078 37.7370 Unnamed lake IL SALINE 8 4 88 30 28.08 37 44 13.20

OWOW99-1565 -89.4784 37.8187 Kinkaid Lake IL JACKSON 972 4 89 28 42.24 37 49 7.32

OWOW99-0141 -86.7549 39.7330 Baire Lake IN PUTNAM 3 1 86 45 17.64 39 43 58.80

OWOW99-0191 -85.5530 40.7298 IN HUNTINGTON 102 1 85 33 10.80 40 43 47.28

OWOW99-0216 -86.3262 39.0996 IN BROWN 59 1 86 19 34.32 39 5 58.56

OWOW99-0466 -85.8336 41.2229 Winona Lake IN KOSCIUSKO 216 2 85 50 0.96 41 13 22.44

OWOW99-0590 -87.5286 39.0672 Turtle Creek Reservoir IN SULLIVAN 606 2 87 31 42.96 39 4 1.92

OWOW99-0616 -85.9425 39.9282 Geist Reservoir IN HAMILTON 683 2 85 56 33.00 39 55 41.52

OWOW99-0940 -87.2352 39.0350 Round Lake IN GREENE 8 3 87 14 6.72 39 2 6.00

OWOW99-0941 -85.6889 38.7726 Hardy Lake IN SCOTT 316 3 85 41 20.04 38 46 21.36

OWOW99-1416 -86.3382 41.6112 (gravel pit) IN ST JOSEPH 18 4 86 20 17.52 41 36 40.32

OWOW99-1516 -85.0236 41.6268 Fox Lake IN STEUBEN 53 4 85 1 24.96 41 37 36.48

OWOW99-1541 -86.9530 40.0349 Unnamed lake IN MONTGOMERY 5 4 86 57 10.80 40 2 5.64

OWOW99-0044 -97.7495 38.4030 KS MCPHERSON 12 1 97 44 58.20 38 24 10.80

OWOW99-0119 -96.7013 39.4570 Tuttle Creek Lake KS POTTAWATOMIE 2153 1 96 42 4.68 39 27 25.20

OWOW99-0168 -94.7718 38.0787 KS LINN 2 1 94 46 18.48 38 4 43.32

OWOW99-0218 -95.8411 38.2688 KS COFFEY 3 1 95 50 27.96 38 16 7.68

OWOW99-0568 -95.9745 38.5312 KS LYON 2 2 95 58 28.20 38 31 52.32

OWOW99-0619 -98.4462 37.9214 KS RENO 6 2 98 26 46.32 37 55 17.04

OWOW99-0668 -96.2702 38.4313 KS LYON 1 2 96 16 12.72 38 25 52.68

OWOW99-0943 -96.5009 37.3790 KS ELK 2 3 96 30 3.24 37 22 44.40

OWOW99-0993 -98.0562 37.9161 KS RENO 2 3 98 3 22.32 37 54 57.96

OWOW99-1019 -99.2180 39.5027 KS ROOKS 2 3 99 13 4.80 39 30 9.72

OWOW99-1119 -95.6010 39.5024 KS JACKSON 5 3 95 36 3.60 39 30 8.64

OWOW99-1368 -95.1619 38.5113 KS FRANKLIN 10 4 95 9 42.84 38 30 40.68

OWOW99-1519 -98.2340 39.1122 KS LINCOLN 3 4 98 14 2.40 39 6 43.92
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

10 of 35

OWOW99-1568 -95.6120 37.8871 KS WOODSON 2 4 95 36 43.20 37 53 13.56

OWOW99-0037 -86.1933 37.3077 KY EDMONSON 808 1 86 11 35.88 37 18 27.72

OWOW99-0465 -88.4942 37.2822 KY LIVINGSTON 13 2 88 29 39.12 37 16 55.92

OWOW99-0640 -85.6473 37.7978 KY NELSON 3 2 85 38 50.28 37 47 52.08

OWOW99-0641 -84.7146 37.6850 KY BOYLE 1084 2 84 42 52.56 37 41 6.00

OWOW99-1012 -85.2710 37.2335 KY ADAIR 3191 3 85 16 15.60 37 14 0.60

OWOW99-1062 -84.7791 36.9740 KY PULASKI 231 3 84 46 44.76 36 58 26.40

OWOW99-1361 -88.1218 37.0234 KY LYON 8 4 88 7 18.48 37 1 24.24

OWOW99-0024 -89.8980 29.6683 Unknown LA PLAQUEMINES 4 1 89 53 52.80 29 40 5.88

OWOW99-0074 -92.3439 31.5566 Unknown LA GRANT 11 1 92 20 38.04 31 33 23.76

OWOW99-0124 -90.1274 30.1925 Lake Ponchartrain LA ##### 1 90 7 38.46 30 11 33.14

OWOW99-0149 -93.4958 32.1731 Unknown LA RED RIVER 8 1 93 29 44.88 32 10 23.16

OWOW99-0173 -93.3868 32.4381 Lake Bisteneau LA WEBSTER 6283 1 93 23 12.48 32 26 17.16

OWOW99-0174 -93.4135 30.8376 Unknown LA BEAUREGARD 5 1 93 24 48.60 30 50 15.36

OWOW99-0199 -93.0480 29.9418 Unknown LA CAMERON 602 1 93 2 52.80 29 56 30.48

OWOW99-0224 -89.8645 30.6719 Unknown LA WASHINGTON 34 1 89 51 52.20 30 40 18.84

OWOW99-0474 -89.7188 30.1291 Lake St. Catherine? LA ORLEANS 3109 2 89 43 7.68 30 7 44.76

OWOW99-0549 -91.9919 31.6677 Unknown LA CATAHOULA 19 2 91 59 30.84 31 40 3.72

OWOW99-0575 -89.5451 29.4416 Allen Bay LA PLAQUEMINES 16 2 89 32 42.36 29 26 29.76

OWOW99-0599 -91.6058 30.7783 Unknown LA POINTE COUPEE 55 2 91 36 20.88 30 46 41.88

OWOW99-0649 -91.5507 29.9396 Unknown LA ST MARY 10 2 91 33 2.52 29 56 22.56

OWOW99-0674 -89.2912 29.9980 Indian Mound Bay? LA ST BERNARD 82 2 89 17 28.32 29 59 52.80

OWOW99-0999 -90.5717 29.9208 Lac des Allemands LA 5957 3 90 34 18.05 29 55 14.95

OWOW99-1048 -93.7341 32.3496 Unknown LA CADDO 8 3 93 44 2.76 32 20 58.56

OWOW99-1074 -93.4158 30.2565 Unknown LA CALCASIEU 64 3 93 24 56.88 30 15 23.40

OWOW99-1099 -92.0605 32.5879 Unknown LA OUACHITA 6 3 92 3 37.80 32 35 16.44
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

11 of 35

OWOW99-1124 -89.3347 29.8557 Christmas Camp Lake? LA ST BERNARD 21 3 89 20 4.92 29 51 20.52

OWOW99-1374 -92.3550 30.7519 Miller's Lake LA EVANGELINE 1246 4 92 21 18.00 30 45 6.84

OWOW99-1375 -89.6034 29.5372 California Bay? LA PLAQUEMINES 1302 4 89 36 12.24 29 32 13.92

OWOW99-1424 -89.8663 29.6994 Unknown LA PLAQUEMINES 6 4 89 51 58.68 29 41 57.84

OWOW99-1474 -91.7324 30.7120 Unknown LA POINTE COUPEE 16 4 91 43 56.64 30 42 43.20

OWOW99-1499 -91.5497 31.4483 Old River LA CONCORDIA 3 4 91 32 58.92 31 26 53.88

OWOW99-1548 -91.9289 32.8645 Lake Bussy Brake LA MOREHOUSE 848 4 91 55 44.04 32 51 52.20

OWOW99-1549 -91.2212 32.0874 Lake Bruin LA TENSAS 7 4 91 13 16.32 32 5 14.64

OWOW99-0017 -71.1075 41.7031 North Watuppa Pond MA BRISTOL 674 1 71 6 27.00 41 42 11.16

OWOW99-0043 -71.0101 42.6178 Prichards Pond MA ESSEX 5 1 71 0 36.36 42 37 4.08

OWOW99-0467 -70.0928 41.7239 Seymour Pond MA BARNSTABLE 69 2 70 5 34.08 41 43 26.04

OWOW99-0493 -71.9988 42.5272 Bents Pond MA WORCESTER 9 2 71 59 55.68 42 31 37.92

OWOW99-0567 -72.3087 42.4015 QUABBIN RES MA WORCESTER 9536 2 72 18 31.32 42 24 5.40

OWOW99-0592 -71.8687 42.1353 Carbuncle Pond MA WORCESTER 4 2 71 52 7.32 42 8 7.08

OWOW99-0992 -71.6047 42.2435 Westboro Reservoir MA WORCESTER 1 3 71 36 16.92 42 14 36.60

OWOW99-1017 -70.6276 41.3523 Big Homer Pond MA DUKES 13 3 70 37 39.36 41 21 8.28

OWOW99-1443 -71.7692 42.5272 Rockwell Pond MA WORCESTER 4 4 71 46 9.12 42 31 37.92

OWOW99-0563 -76.3694 38.8416 Holligans Snooze Inlet MD QUEEN ANNES 10 2 76 22 9.84 38 50 29.76

OWOW99-0564 -75.8240 38.0482 Annemessex River MD SOMERSET 1710 2 75 49 26.40 38 2 53.52

OWOW99-1439 -79.3215 39.5043 Deep Creek Lake MD GARRETT 1449 4 79 19 17.40 39 30 15.48

OWOW99-0042 -69.8635 45.1845 Heald Ponds ME SOMERSET 9 1 69 51 48.60 45 11 4.20

OWOW99-0092 -68.2270 44.8762 Lower Middle Branch

Pond

ME HANCOCK 104 1 68 13 37.20 44 52 34.32

OWOW99-0166 -68.0095 44.9731 Stiles Lake ME HANCOCK 17 1 68 0 34.20 44 58 23.16

OWOW99-0192 -70.5879 44.1533 Little Pond ME OXFORD 11 1 70 35 16.44 44 9 11.88

OWOW99-0210 -69.3678 45.8203 Ragged Lake ME PISCATAQUIS 1047 1 69 22 4.08 45 49 13.08

OWOW99-0217 -70.8049 44.0539 Moose Pond ME CUMBERLAND 679 1 70 48 17.64 44 3 14.04
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

12 of 35

OWOW99-0492 -69.7220 45.6786 Moosehead Lake ME 30308 2 69 43 19.09 45 40 43.10

OWOW99-0516 -67.8207 45.1594 Little River Lake ME WASHINGTON 29 2 67 49 14.52 45 9 33.84

OWOW99-0566 -68.4982 44.6483 Green Lake ME HANCOCK 1267 2 68 29 53.52 44 38 53.88

OWOW99-0617 -70.3992 44.0212 Middle Range Pond ME ANDROSCOGGIN 15 2 70 23 57.12 44 1 16.32

OWOW99-0635 -68.7143 47.1056 Wallagrass Lakes ME AROOSTOOK 100 2 68 42 51.48 47 6 20.16

OWOW99-0642 -69.4533 44.0098 McCurdy Pond ME LINCOLN 80 2 69 27 11.88 44 0 35.28

OWOW99-0660 -69.2984 46.1063 Cuxabexis Lake ME PISCATAQUIS 247 2 69 17 54.24 46 6 22.68

OWOW99-0667 -70.8288 44.8868 Mooselookmeguntic

Lake

ME OXFORD 6597 2 70 49 43.68 44 53 12.48

OWOW99-0917 -67.4489 44.7863 Hadley Lake ME WASHINGTON 680 3 67 26 56.04 44 47 10.68

OWOW99-0935 -69.0874 46.5076 Peaked Mountain Pond ME PISCATAQUIS 5 3 69 5 14.64 46 30 27.36

OWOW99-0966 -67.6423 45.6216 Spednik Lake ME WASHINGTON 5571 3 67 38 32.28 45 37 17.76

OWOW99-0967 -70.8544 43.9330 Unnamed ME OXFORD 7 3 70 51 15.84 43 55 58.80

OWOW99-1041 -68.9015 45.6875 Pemadumcook Lake ME PISCATAQUIS 7453 3 68 54 5.40 45 41 15.00

OWOW99-1067 -70.0304 44.4858 Parker Pond ME KENNEBEC 611 3 70 1 49.44 44 29 8.88

OWOW99-1366 -69.1132 44.2628 Megunticook Lake ME WALDO 574 4 69 6 47.52 44 15 46.08

OWOW99-1391 -68.3404 45.6371 Unnamed ME AROOSTOOK 5 4 68 20 25.44 45 38 13.56

OWOW99-1392 -70.8790 43.6124 Mud Pond ME YORK 8 4 70 52 44.40 43 36 44.64

OWOW99-1442 -70.2829 45.6192 Wood Pond ME SOMERSET 819 4 70 16 58.44 45 37 9.12

OWOW99-1460 -69.0628 46.3064 Chandler Pond ME PISCATAQUIS 52 4 69 3 46.08 46 18 23.04

OWOW99-1560 -69.8704 45.9150 Seboomook Lake ME SOMERSET 2571 4 69 52 13.44 45 54 54.00

OWOW99-0009 -85.0115 45.3005 Walloon Lake MI EMMET 1832 1 85 0 41.40 45 18 1.80

OWOW99-0014 -83.4149 43.0991 West Lake #1 MI LAPEER 1 1 83 24 53.64 43 5 56.76

OWOW99-0016 -86.3480 41.9271 Lake Chapin MI BERRIEN 220 1 86 20 52.80 41 55 37.56

OWOW99-0116 -85.3849 42.3976 Torch Lake MI KALAMAZOO 13 1 85 23 5.64 42 23 51.36

OWOW99-0159 -87.0669 46.3338 Dorsey Lake MI ALGER 16 1 87 4 0.84 46 20 1.68
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

13 of 35

OWOW99-0184 -85.5683 44.5887 Hackman Lake MI GRAND

TRAVERSE

7 1 85 34 5.88 44 35 19.32

OWOW99-0189 -85.3889 44.0069 Boot Lake MI OSCEOLA 3 1 85 23 20.04 44 0 24.84

OWOW99-0209 -85.9940 46.2242 T Pool MI SCHOOLCRAFT 95 1 85 59 38.40 46 13 27.12

OWOW99-0214 -84.7831 42.5946 Unnamed MI EATON 6 1 84 46 59.16 42 35 40.56

OWOW99-0459 -84.6654 45.4599 Burt Lake MI CHEBOYGAN 0 2 84 39 55.58 45 27 35.78

OWOW99-0464 -83.5643 42.6691 White Lake MI OAKLAND 198 2 83 33 51.48 42 40 8.76

OWOW99-0509 -88.0520 46.5487 Mud Lake MI MARQUETTE 2 2 88 3 7.20 46 32 55.32

OWOW99-0534 -88.8515 46.8884 Lake Roland MI HOUGHTON 107 2 88 51 5.40 46 53 18.24

OWOW99-0539 -85.2538 43.3313 Spring Lake MI MONTCALM 22 2 85 15 13.68 43 19 52.68

OWOW99-0589 -84.2805 44.4161 Horseshoe Lake MI OGEMAW 14 2 84 16 49.80 44 24 57.96

OWOW99-0591 -86.1248 42.2524 Dyer Lake MI VAN BUREN 12 2 86 7 29.28 42 15 8.64

OWOW99-0609 -89.1549 46.1527 Birch Lake MI GOGEBIC 84 2 89 9 17.64 46 9 9.72

OWOW99-0634 -85.3152 44.9782 Torch Lake MI ANTRIM 7503 2 85 18 54.72 44 58 41.52

OWOW99-0639 -84.7165 44.3499 Houghton Lake MI ROSCOMMON 8068 2 84 42 59.40 44 20 59.64

OWOW99-0659 -84.7507 45.6852 Lake Paradise MI EMMET 767 2 84 45 2.52 45 41 6.72

OWOW99-0664 -84.2082 42.1467 Norvell Lake MI JACKSON 12 2 84 12 29.52 42 8 48.12

OWOW99-0934 -86.0872 46.5590 Cloverleaf Lake MI ALGER 5 3 86 5 13.92 46 33 32.40

OWOW99-0939 -86.1309 44.0559 Mud Lake MI MASON 2 3 86 7 51.24 44 3 21.24

OWOW99-0984 -83.5097 45.0968 Seven Mile Pond MI ALPENA 556 3 83 30 34.92 45 5 48.48

OWOW99-0989 -83.5418 42.6689 Grass Lake MI OAKLAND 15 3 83 32 30.48 42 40 8.04

OWOW99-1016 -85.5184 41.8123 Tamarack Lake MI ST JOSEPH 52 3 85 31 6.24 41 48 44.28

OWOW99-1064 -85.3592 43.1538 Little Wabasis Lake MI KENT 14 3 85 21 33.12 43 9 13.68

OWOW99-1116 -85.5206 42.1948 Long Lake MI KALAMAZOO 198 3 85 31 14.16 42 11 41.28

OWOW99-1384 -87.9626 46.6857 Lake Margaret MI MARQUETTE 52 4 87 57 45.36 46 41 8.52

OWOW99-1414 -84.2279 41.7327 MI LENAWEE 6 4 84 13 40.44 41 43 57.72

OWOW99-1459 -86.0181 44.8708 Glen Lake MI LEELANAU 560 4 86 1 5.16 44 52 14.88
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

14 of 35

OWOW99-1464 -83.5503 43.1634 Unnamed MI GENESEE 2 4 83 33 1.08 43 9 48.24

OWOW99-1489 -84.5111 43.1184 MI GRATIOT 1375 4 84 30 39.96 43 7 6.24

OWOW99-1534 -89.5863 46.5082 Gogebic Lake MI 5170 4 89 35 10.50 46 30 29.56

OWOW99-1559 -83.6934 46.0584 MI CHIPPEWA 29 4 83 41 36.24 46 3 30.24

OWOW99-1564 -83.8948 42.5038 Chenango Lake (Lime

Lake)

MI LIVINGSTON 12 4 83 53 41.28 42 30 13.68

OWOW99-0005 -95.1647 47.3415 LaSalle MN HUBBARD 90 1 95 9 52.92 47 20 29.40

OWOW99-0010 -90.9426 48.0215 Mora MN COOK 94 1 90 56 33.36 48 1 17.40

OWOW99-0031 -94.9994 46.8863 Long MN HUBBARD 784 1 94 59 57.84 46 53 10.68

OWOW99-0032 -96.3941 45.5205 Unnamed MN BIG STONE 6 1 96 23 38.76 45 31 13.80

OWOW99-0033 -93.5870 45.4859 Cantlin MN SHERBURNE 41 1 93 35 13.20 45 29 9.24

OWOW99-0035 -91.1740 48.0688 Kekekabic MN LAKE 691 1 91 10 26.40 48 4 7.68

OWOW99-0055 -93.5770 47.1810 Pokegama Lake MN ITASCA 6313 1 93 34 37.20 47 10 51.60

OWOW99-0057 -95.6236 45.7808 Unnamed MN DOUGLAS 8 1 95 37 24.96 45 46 50.88

OWOW99-0081 -95.9084 46.7805 Fox MN BECKER 56 1 95 54 30.24 46 46 49.80

OWOW99-0083 -94.2868 46.3518 White Sand MN CROW WING 159 1 94 17 12.48 46 21 6.48

OWOW99-0085 -90.4943 47.8652 Dick MN COOK 53 1 90 29 39.48 47 51 54.72

OWOW99-0106 -95.4026 47.1965 Glanders MN CLEARWATER 20 1 95 24 9.36 47 11 47.40

OWOW99-0110 -92.8239 48.5579 Namakan Lake MN 5686 1 92 49 25.93 48 33 28.51

OWOW99-0130 -92.1057 47.3197 Linwood Lake?? MN ST LOUIS 3 1 92 6 20.52 47 19 10.92

OWOW99-0132 -95.8216 45.6412 Unnamed MN STEVENS 8 1 95 49 17.76 45 38 28.32

OWOW99-0155 -94.2687 46.4872 Hubert MN CROW WING 511 1 94 16 7.32 46 29 13.92

OWOW99-0157 -94.6157 45.3749 Rice MN STEARNS 618 1 94 36 56.52 45 22 29.64

OWOW99-0180 -94.2727 46.9586 Woman MN CASS 2396 1 94 16 21.72 46 57 30.96

OWOW99-0182 -93.5168 44.7412 O'Dowd MN SCOTT 118 1 93 31 0.48 44 44 28.32

OWOW99-0183 -92.7562 46.3802 Sturgeon MN PINE 666 1 92 45 22.32 46 22 48.72

OWOW99-0205 -94.5317 47.4232 Cass Lake MN 12050 1 94 31 53.94 47 25 23.48
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

15 of 35

OWOW99-0207 -93.2741 43.7920 Geneva MN FREEBORN 694 1 93 16 26.76 43 47 31.20

OWOW99-0455 -93.5638 47.5288 Pickerel MN ITASCA 16 2 93 33 49.68 47 31 43.68

OWOW99-0460 -91.5581 47.6143 South McDougal MN LAKE 113 2 91 33 29.16 47 36 51.48

OWOW99-0481 -95.5381 47.0775 Many Point MN BECKER 677 2 95 32 17.16 47 4 39.00

OWOW99-0482 -96.0942 45.3626 Unnamed MN SWIFT 11 2 96 5 39.12 45 21 45.36

OWOW99-0483 -94.0019 45.5746 Unnamed MN BENTON 2 2 94 0 6.84 45 34 28.56

OWOW99-0485 -92.0778 48.2927 LAC LA CROIX MN ST LOUIS 5769 2 92 4 40.08 48 17 33.72

OWOW99-0505 -96.0091 46.3972 Wolf MN OTTER TAIL 16 2 96 0 32.76 46 23 49.92

OWOW99-0507 -94.1022 45.3217 Bass MN WRIGHT 86 2 94 6 7.92 45 19 18.12

OWOW99-0530 -92.9112 46.8136 Moberg MN ST LOUIS 14 2 92 54 40.32 46 48 48.96

OWOW99-0532 -94.5663 45.5608 Lauer MN STEARNS 5 2 94 33 58.68 45 33 38.88

OWOW99-0555 -95.8735 46.6991 Unnamed MN OTTER TAIL 5 2 95 52 24.60 46 41 56.76

OWOW99-0556 -94.4671 43.6875 Buffalo MN MARTIN 103 2 94 28 1.56 43 41 15.00

OWOW99-0557 -95.3693 46.0890 Unnamed MN DOUGLAS 7 2 95 22 9.48 46 5 20.40

OWOW99-0559 -90.6578 47.9947 Trump MN COOK 14 2 90 39 28.08 47 59 40.92

OWOW99-0581 -95.7940 47.4786 Unnamed MN MAHNOMEN 8 2 95 47 38.40 47 28 42.96

OWOW99-0583 -92.8785 45.2609 Unnamed MN WASHINGTON 21 2 92 52 42.60 45 15 39.24

OWOW99-0585 -93.1006 48.2787 Unnamed MN KOOCHICHING 1 2 93 6 2.16 48 16 43.32

OWOW99-0605 -92.2737 46.9391 Fish Lake Reservoir MN ST LOUIS 1214 2 92 16 25.32 46 56 20.76

OWOW99-0607 -95.3151 45.5396 Swenoda MN POPE 117 2 95 18 54.36 45 32 22.56

OWOW99-0630 -93.9130 46.4961 Agate MN CROW WING 66 2 93 54 46.80 46 29 45.96

OWOW99-0632 -93.1093 44.8687 Unnamed MN DAKOTA 2 2 93 6 33.48 44 52 7.32

OWOW99-0633 -92.8199 46.3146 First MN PINE 31 2 92 49 11.64 46 18 52.56

OWOW99-0655 -94.8418 47.6093 Fox MN BELTRAMI 64 2 94 50 30.48 47 36 33.48

OWOW99-0905 -95.9718 48.3293 Mud Lake MN 9591 3 95 58 18.48 48 19 45.55

OWOW99-0906 -95.4222 46.3986 East Leaf MN OTTER TAIL 170 3 95 25 19.92 46 23 54.96
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

16 of 35

OWOW99-0908 -94.6005 46.2537 Shamineau MN MORRISON 548 3 94 36 1.80 46 15 13.32

OWOW99-0910 -90.9841 48.0774 Howard Lake MN COOK 69 3 90 59 2.76 48 4 38.64

OWOW99-0930 -95.5579 47.6234 Unnamed MN POLK 13 3 95 33 28.44 47 37 24.24

OWOW99-0932 -91.6562 44.0415 Winona MN WINONA 32 3 91 39 22.32 44 2 29.40

OWOW99-0933 -93.6431 46.2381 Miles Lacs MN MILLE LACS 51700 3 93 38 35.16 46 14 17.16

OWOW99-0955 -95.9853 46.0809 Four Mile MN GRANT 79 3 95 59 7.08 46 4 51.24

OWOW99-0957 -95.0638 45.2362 Florida MN KANDIYOHI 211 3 95 3 49.68 45 14 10.32

OWOW99-0980 -95.0251 47.9620 Lower Red Lake MN 0 3 95 1 30.29 47 57 43.02

OWOW99-0985 -91.2914 47.8110 Isabella MN LAKE 667 3 91 17 29.04 47 48 39.60

OWOW99-1006 -96.1832 47.6754 Unnamed MN POLK 7 3 96 10 59.52 47 40 31.44

OWOW99-1008 -93.0521 45.1318 Amelia MN ANOKA 50 3 93 3 7.56 45 7 54.48

OWOW99-1010 -91.7537 47.8983 White Iron MN LAKE 2404 3 91 45 13.32 47 53 53.88

OWOW99-1030 -96.2475 46.8293 Unnamed MN CLAY 12 3 96 14 51.00 46 49 45.48

OWOW99-1032 -93.6363 44.9095 Minnetonka MN HENNEPIN 1700 3 93 38 10.68 44 54 34.20

OWOW99-1034 -93.0806 48.5981 MN ST LOUIS 1 3 93 4 50.16 48 35 53.16

OWOW99-1055 -94.3916 47.1557 Leech Lake MN 44280 3 94 23 29.69 47 9 20.48

OWOW99-1057 -93.8774 44.2542 Washington MN LE SUEUR 582 3 93 52 38.64 44 15 15.12

OWOW99-1080 -93.4365 47.2130 Unnamed MN ITASCA 7 3 93 26 11.40 47 12 46.80

OWOW99-1082 -95.6831 45.8481 Unnamed MN DOUGLAS 14 3 95 40 59.16 45 50 53.16

OWOW99-1110 -92.3073 47.8681 Vermilion Lake MN 19875 3 92 18 26.17 47 52 5.20

OWOW99-1355 -95.8561 46.5908 McCollume MN OTTER TAIL 6 4 95 51 21.96 46 35 26.88

OWOW99-1357 -94.4259 44.9814 Belle MN MEEKER 362 4 94 25 33.24 44 58 53.04

OWOW99-1359 -94.9752 49.3608 MN LAKE OF THE

WOODS

114 4 94 58 30.72 49 21 38.88

OWOW99-1380 -95.7993 46.3063 North Turtle MN OTTER TAIL 601 4 95 47 57.48 46 18 22.68

OWOW99-1382 -94.8427 45.1832 Diamond MN KANDIYOHI 626 4 94 50 33.72 45 10 59.52

OWOW99-1410 -91.9695 48.0107 Slim MN ST LOUIS 131 4 91 58 10.20 48 0 38.52
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

17 of 35

OWOW99-1430 -95.2037 48.9700 Lake of the Woods MN ##### 4 95 12 13.25 48 58 12.07

OWOW99-1431 -95.7495 46.4793 Dead MN OTTER TAIL 2988 4 95 44 58.20 46 28 45.48

OWOW99-1435 -91.0591 48.1618 Unnamed MN LAKE 2 4 91 3 32.76 48 9 42.48

OWOW99-1455 -93.7461 46.6502 Blind MN AITKIN 120 4 93 44 45.96 46 39 0.72

OWOW99-1457 -92.3071 44.5155 Lake Pepin MN GOODHUE 5075 4 92 18 25.56 44 30 55.80

OWOW99-1458 -92.5169 46.2546 Unnamed MN PINE 10 4 92 31 0.84 46 15 16.56

OWOW99-1480 -94.7573 47.1668 Kabekona MN HUBBARD 975 4 94 45 26.28 47 10 0.48

OWOW99-1482 -93.7620 44.4942 Thomas MN LE SUEUR 48 4 93 45 43.20 44 29 39.12

OWOW99-1506 -95.6548 46.9790 Flat MN BECKER 741 4 95 39 17.28 46 58 44.40

OWOW99-1508 -93.7467 45.1509 Charlotte MN WRIGHT 94 4 93 44 48.12 45 9 3.24

OWOW99-1510 -91.4933 47.9748 Ennis MN LAKE 9 4 91 29 35.88 47 58 29.28

OWOW99-1530 -93.5769 47.4910 Spider MN ITASCA 546 4 93 34 36.84 47 29 27.60

OWOW99-1532 -95.3562 45.9641 Carlos MN DOUGLAS 1040 4 95 21 22.32 45 57 50.76

OWOW99-1555 -95.1158 47.7441 Unnamed MN BELTRAMI 6 4 95 6 56.88 47 44 38.76

OWOW99-0040 -91.0894 38.8129 MO WARREN 10 1 91 5 21.84 38 48 46.44

OWOW99-0215 -89.6157 37.2404 MO CAPE GIRARDEAU 128 1 89 36 56.52 37 14 25.44

OWOW99-0490 -92.1693 38.9230 MO BOONE 9 2 92 10 9.48 38 55 22.80

OWOW99-0518 -92.9303 38.5295 MO MORGAN 4 2 92 55 49.08 38 31 46.20

OWOW99-0543 -93.3961 36.5590 TABLE ROCK L MO STONE 12410 2 93 23 45.96 36 33 32.40

OWOW99-0618 -93.6900 37.3760 MO DADE 3 2 93 41 24.00 37 22 33.60

OWOW99-0665 -91.3675 38.0854 MO CRAWFORD 2 2 91 22 3.00 38 5 7.44

OWOW99-0912 -89.1714 36.7866 MO MISSISSIPPI 8 3 89 10 17.04 36 47 11.76

OWOW99-0915 -91.6021 39.2285 MO AUDRAIN 8 3 91 36 7.56 39 13 42.60

OWOW99-0968 -91.5418 37.7095 MO DENT 2 3 91 32 30.48 37 42 34.20

OWOW99-1015 -90.4555 38.7693 MO ST LOUIS 2 3 90 27 19.80 38 46 9.48

OWOW99-1043 -94.3974 38.7750 MO CASS 12 3 94 23 50.64 38 46 30.00
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

18 of 35

OWOW99-1068 -94.5328 37.2897 MO JASPER 14 3 94 31 58.08 37 17 22.92

OWOW99-1393 -93.5719 38.1700 TRUMAN RES MO ST CLAIR 9246 4 93 34 18.84 38 10 12.00

OWOW99-1437 -89.4497 36.5535 MO NEW MADRID 10 4 89 26 58.92 36 33 12.60

OWOW99-1440 -91.7100 39.5129 Mark Twain Lake MO RALLS 3551 4 91 42 36.00 39 30 46.44

OWOW99-1490 -92.0686 40.0317 MO KNOX 4 4 92 4 6.96 40 1 54.12

OWOW99-1515 -91.9827 38.9651 MO CALLAWAY 9 4 91 58 57.72 38 57 54.36

OWOW99-0071 -91.1601 33.5082 MS WASHINGTON 47 1 91 9 36.36 33 30 29.52

OWOW99-0098 -88.5441 32.5750 MS LAUDERDALE 12 1 88 32 38.76 32 34 30.00

OWOW99-0146 -89.8375 33.4770 MS CARROLL 50 1 89 50 15.00 33 28 37.20

OWOW99-0172 -90.8814 32.7220 MS SHARKEY 10 1 90 52 53.04 32 43 19.20

OWOW99-0472 -88.1104 34.8551 MS TISHOMINGO 636 2 88 6 37.44 34 51 18.36

OWOW99-0521 -90.4070 34.0076 MS TALLAHATCHIE 75 2 90 24 25.20 34 0 27.36

OWOW99-0522 -90.1623 32.2687 MS RANKIN 4 2 90 9 44.28 32 16 7.32

OWOW99-0546 -90.9335 33.2578 MS WASHINGTON 6 2 90 56 0.60 33 15 28.08

OWOW99-0572 -89.5842 31.6186 MS COVINGTON 3 2 89 35 3.12 31 37 6.96

OWOW99-0621 -90.2024 33.5276 MS LEFLORE 1016 2 90 12 8.64 33 31 39.36

OWOW99-0624 -90.7826 32.0304 MS CLAIBORNE 37 2 90 46 57.36 32 1 49.44

OWOW99-0672 -89.7129 34.4486 Sardis Lake MS 23684 2 89 42 46.48 34 26 55.03

OWOW99-0949 -89.0588 30.8977 MS STONE 1 3 89 3 31.68 30 53 51.72

OWOW99-0997 -89.8621 34.1474 Enid Lake MS 11230 3 89 51 43.45 34 8 50.68

OWOW99-1047 -88.9294 32.8226 MS NESHOBA 4 3 88 55 45.84 32 49 21.36

OWOW99-1096 -89.7340 33.8319 Grenada Lake MS 26154 3 89 44 2.36 33 49 54.80

OWOW99-1122 -88.7112 33.7215 MS MONROE 5 3 88 42 40.32 33 43 17.40

OWOW99-1372 -90.3281 32.2211 MS HINDS 2 4 90 19 41.16 32 13 15.96

OWOW99-1397 -90.1054 32.5856 MS MADISON 19 4 90 6 19.44 32 35 8.16

OWOW99-1422 -89.7740 34.0039 MS YALOBUSHA 6 4 89 46 26.40 34 0 14.04
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

19 of 35

OWOW99-1448 -89.3108 31.3542 MS FORREST 30 4 89 18 38.88 31 21 15.12

OWOW99-1546 -90.0304 33.5995 MS CARROLL 8 4 90 1 49.44 33 35 58.20

OWOW99-1572 -90.0714 34.7557 MS DE SOTO 3249 4 90 4 17.04 34 45 20.52

OWOW99-1574 -89.5315 30.3291 MS HANCOCK 2 4 89 31 53.40 30 19 44.76

OWOW99-0029 -111.2044 48.3775 MT LIBERTY 1076 1 111 12 15.84 48 22 39.00

OWOW99-0053 -108.1039 45.1706 BIGHORN L MT BIG HORN 6943 1 108 6 14.04 45 10 14.16

OWOW99-0054 -113.7489 48.6154 MT GLACIER 1 1 113 44 56.04 48 36 55.44

OWOW99-0084 -106.7435 47.7335 FORT PECK RES MT VALLEY 98766 1 106 44 36.60 47 44 0.60

OWOW99-0104 -107.4776 47.1298 MT GARFIELD 6 1 107 28 39.36 47 7 47.28

OWOW99-0129 -113.3498 48.8880 MT GLACIER 6 1 113 20 59.28 48 53 16.80

OWOW99-0153 -113.1950 44.9973 MT BEAVERHEAD 10 1 113 11 42.00 44 59 50.28

OWOW99-0178 -104.6747 45.6234 MT CARTER 8 1 104 40 28.92 45 37 24.24

OWOW99-0181 -104.5234 47.2791 MT DAWSON 2055 1 104 31 24.24 47 16 44.76

OWOW99-0454 -113.9012 47.5570 MT MISSOULA 23 2 113 54 4.32 47 33 25.20

OWOW99-0479 -111.5479 47.4160 MT CASCADE 20 2 111 32 52.44 47 24 57.60

OWOW99-0558 -106.4908 47.6953 MT GARFIELD 2 2 106 29 26.88 47 41 43.08

OWOW99-0579 -111.5445 46.3699 MT BROADWATER 196 2 111 32 40.20 46 22 11.64

OWOW99-0604 -115.2348 48.5864 L KOOCANUSA MT LINCOLN 11463 2 115 14 5.28 48 35 11.04

OWOW99-0909 -108.5948 48.3476 MT BLAINE 59 3 108 35 41.28 48 20 51.36

OWOW99-0952 -111.2497 44.7870 Hebgen Lake MT 0 3 111 14 58.74 44 47 13.02

OWOW99-1004 -111.9909 48.0219 MT TETON 9 3 111 59 27.24 48 1 18.84

OWOW99-1029 -115.6653 48.2210 MT LINCOLN 52 3 115 39 55.08 48 13 15.60

OWOW99-1079 -113.8897 48.1628 MT FLATHEAD 9 3 113 53 22.92 48 9 46.08

OWOW99-1104 -115.4069 47.2692 MT MINERAL 3 3 115 24 24.84 47 16 9.12

OWOW99-1358 -106.0834 47.8205 MT MCCONE 5 4 106 5 0.24 47 49 13.80

OWOW99-1404 -113.2146 47.0855 MT POWELL 2 4 113 12 52.56 47 5 7.80
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

20 of 35

OWOW99-1429 -112.4335 47.9460 MT TETON 1296 4 112 26 0.60 47 56 45.60

OWOW99-1434 -107.2259 48.7055 MT PHILLIPS 231 4 107 13 33.24 48 42 19.80

OWOW99-1504 -111.6821 45.4309 MT MADISON 1491 4 111 40 55.56 45 25 51.24

OWOW99-1529 -114.0767 48.8717 MT FLATHEAD 1 4 114 4 36.12 48 52 18.12

OWOW99-0062 -81.4559 35.3010 Kings Mt. Reservoir NC CLEVELAND 552 1 81 27 21.24 35 18 3.60

OWOW99-0137 -80.4275 35.7108 Impoundment/Grants

Creek

NC ROWAN 6 1 80 25 39.00 35 42 38.88

OWOW99-0139 -76.4601 35.7687 Phelps Lake NC 6718 1 76 27 36.18 35 46 7.36

OWOW99-0162 -79.0165 35.7732 B Everett Jordan Lake NC CHATHAM 5787 1 79 0 59.40 35 46 23.52

OWOW99-0164 -78.0190 36.5410 Lake Gaston NC WARREN 7951 1 78 1 8.40 36 32 27.60

OWOW99-0537 -80.9698 35.3508 Mt. Island Lake NC MECKLENBURG 1404 2 80 58 11.28 35 21 2.88

OWOW99-0611 -83.3703 35.4456 Impoundment/Oconoluft

ee River

NC SWAIN 7 2 83 22 13.08 35 26 44.16

OWOW99-0612 -78.9274 35.1360 Smith Lake NC CUMBERLAND 34 2 78 55 38.64 35 8 9.60

OWOW99-0962 -79.8803 35.7551 Unnamed NC RANDOLPH 1 3 79 52 49.08 35 45 18.36

OWOW99-1037 -78.4574 35.2586 Unnamed NC SAMPSON 24 3 78 27 26.64 35 15 30.96

OWOW99-1112 -77.2761 34.7116 Unnamed NC ONSLOW 6 3 77 16 33.96 34 42 41.76

OWOW99-1387 -78.6858 36.0778 Unnamed NC GRANVILLE 1 4 78 41 8.88 36 4 40.08

OWOW99-1389 -77.2762 36.1907 Unnamed NC BERTIE 6 4 77 16 34.32 36 11 26.52

OWOW99-0006 -100.0630 46.7390 Long Lake ND KIDDER 1300 1 100 3 46.80 46 44 20.40

OWOW99-0030 -98.8053 48.2210 Devils Lake ND RAMSEY 7120 1 98 48 19.08 48 13 15.60

OWOW99-0034 -103.9666 48.6934 ND DIVIDE 9 1 103 57 59.76 48 41 36.24

OWOW99-0105 -98.9742 48.2524 ND RAMSEY 2196 1 98 58 27.12 48 15 8.64

OWOW99-0109 -100.2730 48.8584 ND BOTTINEAU 5 1 100 16 22.80 48 51 30.24

OWOW99-0131 -100.9038 46.9226 ND BURLEIGH 20 1 100 54 13.68 46 55 21.36

OWOW99-0156 -99.9637 47.4209 ND WELLS 37 1 99 57 49.32 47 25 15.24

OWOW99-0456 -99.0408 47.1242 ND STUTSMAN 3 2 99 2 26.88 47 7 27.12
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

21 of 35

OWOW99-0480 -98.1807 47.8124 ND NELSON 13 2 98 10 50.52 47 48 44.64

OWOW99-0484 -103.4168 48.2622 ND WILLIAMS 60 2 103 25 0.48 48 15 43.92

OWOW99-0506 -99.1740 47.1297 ND STUTSMAN 11 2 99 10 26.40 47 7 46.92

OWOW99-0580 -100.2759 47.8418 ND SHERIDAN 24 2 100 16 33.24 47 50 30.48

OWOW99-0584 -102.3091 48.5432 ND MOUNTRAIL 6 2 102 18 32.76 48 32 35.52

OWOW99-0606 -100.3287 47.7739 ND SHERIDAN 8 2 100 19 43.32 47 46 26.04

OWOW99-0656 -98.9907 46.0214 ND DICKEY 12 2 98 59 26.52 46 1 17.04

OWOW99-0956 -99.7841 47.0430 ND KIDDER 1356 3 99 47 2.76 47 2 34.80

OWOW99-0981 -99.2248 46.6055 ND LOGAN 4 3 99 13 29.28 46 36 19.80

OWOW99-1005 -99.8568 48.5667 ND ROLETTE 49 3 99 51 24.48 48 34 0.12

OWOW99-1009 -102.0806 48.3434 ND MOUNTRAIL 4 3 102 4 50.16 48 20 36.24

OWOW99-1081 -101.4909 47.9278 ND WARD 52 3 101 29 27.24 47 55 40.08

OWOW99-1105 -97.8659 47.5268 ND STEELE 5 3 97 51 57.24 47 31 36.48

OWOW99-1106 -97.8346 46.7275 ND BARNES 13 3 97 50 4.56 46 43 39.00

OWOW99-1109 -100.2276 48.9943 ND BOTTINEAU 20 3 100 13 39.36 48 59 39.48

OWOW99-1381 -99.5410 47.2677 ND KIDDER 64 4 99 32 27.60 47 16 3.72

OWOW99-1405 -99.0504 47.6458 ND EDDY 16 4 99 3 1.44 47 38 44.88

OWOW99-1406 -99.1631 46.9102 ND STUTSMAN 12 4 99 9 47.16 46 54 36.72

OWOW99-1409 -99.9233 48.8529 ND ROLETTE 5 4 99 55 23.88 48 51 10.44

OWOW99-1456 -99.4723 46.1183 ND MCINTOSH 204 4 99 28 20.28 46 7 5.88

OWOW99-1505 -100.1783 48.1937 ND PIERCE 10 4 100 10 41.88 48 11 37.32

OWOW99-1509 -101.9556 48.2697 ND MOUNTRAIL 55 4 101 57 20.16 48 16 10.92

OWOW99-1531 -102.4403 47.9289 ND MOUNTRAIL 2 4 102 26 25.08 47 55 44.04

OWOW99-0003 -99.1880 42.2988 NE HOLT 37 1 99 11 16.80 42 17 55.68

OWOW99-0065 -96.3294 42.2335 NE THURSTON 6 1 96 19 45.84 42 14 0.60

OWOW99-0094 -96.7822 41.2891 NE SAUNDERS 3 1 96 46 55.92 41 17 20.76
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

22 of 35

OWOW99-0103 -102.7355 42.0064 NE BOX BUTTE 8 1 102 44 7.80 42 0 23.04

OWOW99-0453 -103.4950 41.9337 NE SCOTTS BLUFF 784 2 103 29 42.00 41 56 1.32

OWOW99-0494 -100.4095 40.9410 NE LINCOLN 226 2 100 24 34.20 40 56 27.60

OWOW99-0578 -102.3409 42.0069 NE GARDEN 10 2 102 20 27.24 42 0 24.84

OWOW99-0594 -98.1846 40.0087 NE NUCKOLLS 7 2 98 11 4.56 40 0 31.32

OWOW99-0919 -96.9633 41.4518 NE COLFAX 5 3 96 57 47.88 41 27 6.48

OWOW99-0978 -101.7811 42.4001 NE CHERRY 10 3 101 46 51.96 42 24 0.36

OWOW99-1103 -102.5531 42.2118 NE SHERIDAN 7 3 102 33 11.16 42 12 42.48

OWOW99-1356 -98.1129 42.7988 NE KNOX 28 4 98 6 46.44 42 47 55.68

OWOW99-1403 -101.8481 41.2503 L MCCONAUGHY NE KEITH 11464 4 101 50 53.16 41 15 1.08

OWOW99-1419 -95.6776 40.3263 NE NEMAHA 2 4 95 40 39.36 40 19 34.68

OWOW99-1444 -101.5539 40.4322 NE CHASE 652 4 101 33 14.04 40 25 55.92

OWOW99-1540 -96.3740 41.3094 NE DOUGLAS 9 4 96 22 26.40 41 18 33.84

OWOW99-0142 -71.1640 43.0991 Unnamed NH ROCKINGHAM 5 1 71 9 50.40 43 5 56.76

OWOW99-0167 -71.3410 43.6026 Lake Winnepesaukee NH BELKNAP 18545 1 71 20 27.60 43 36 9.36

OWOW99-0517 -71.7674 43.6595 Newfound Lake NH GRAFTON 1718 2 71 46 2.64 43 39 34.20

OWOW99-0918 -71.7401 43.0228 Unnamed NH HILLSBOROUGH 8 3 71 44 24.36 43 1 22.08

OWOW99-1367 -71.9652 43.3070 Loch Lyndon Reservoir NH MERRIMACK 47 4 71 57 54.72 43 18 25.20

OWOW99-0013 -74.8627 39.7848 NJ CAMDEN 4 1 74 51 45.72 39 47 5.28

OWOW99-0463 -74.2645 39.7364 NJ OCEAN 18 2 74 15 52.20 39 44 11.04

OWOW99-0638 -74.2684 41.1211 NJ PASSAIC 23 2 74 16 6.24 41 7 15.96

OWOW99-1063 -74.2473 40.8269 NJ ESSEX 5 3 74 14 50.28 40 49 36.84

OWOW99-1413 -75.2780 39.3922 NJ CUMBERLAND 3 4 75 16 40.80 39 23 31.92

OWOW99-1563 -74.9980 40.9226 NJ WARREN 6 4 74 59 52.80 40 55 21.36

OWOW99-0095 -103.6595 35.0939 Arch Hurly Conservency

Lake

NM QUAY 39 1 103 39 34.20 35 5 38.04

OWOW99-0169 -107.6105 36.5178 Mavajo Reservoir NM RIO ARRIBA 1892 1 107 36 37.80 36 31 4.08
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

23 of 35

OWOW99-0519 -105.0750 36.8757 No name playa lake NM COLFAX 6 2 105 4 30.00 36 52 32.52

OWOW99-1369 -104.3510 32.6128 Brantley Reservoir NM 8498 4 104 21 3.46 32 36 46.19

OWOW99-1445 -103.9262 33.0108 No name playa lake NM CHAVES 1 4 103 55 34.32 33 0 38.88

OWOW99-0501 -118.3701 38.5316 NV MINERAL 82 2 118 22 12.36 38 31 53.76

OWOW99-0652 -114.3731 36.2826 LAKE MEAD NV CLARK 39373 2 114 22 23.16 36 16 57.36

OWOW99-0902 -119.5533 40.0220 Pyramid Lake NV WASHOE 44233 3 119 33 11.88 40 1 19.20

OWOW99-0926 -115.4695 40.1724 Ruby Lake NV ELKO 38 3 115 28 10.20 40 10 20.64

OWOW99-0951 -118.3443 38.9805 NV MINERAL 84 3 118 20 39.48 38 58 49.80

OWOW99-1102 -116.0292 38.9549 NV NYE 269 3 116 1 45.12 38 57 17.64

OWOW99-1376 -118.3889 38.8915 NV MINERAL 277 4 118 23 20.04 38 53 29.40

OWOW99-1451 -117.1533 41.4146 Chimney Reservoir NV HUMBOLDT 881 4 117 9 11.88 41 24 52.56

OWOW99-1552 -116.2257 36.3573 NV NYE 138 4 116 13 32.52 36 21 26.28

OWOW99-0038 -75.5268 42.5710 Mead Pond NY CHENANGO 5 1 75 31 36.48 42 34 15.60

OWOW99-0063 -74.7667 41.7675 Lake Barnabee NY SULLIVAN 2 1 74 46 0.12 41 46 3.00

OWOW99-0067 -74.5002 44.1914 Tupper Lake NY FRANKLIN 2584 1 74 30 0.72 44 11 29.04

OWOW99-0088 -76.9186 42.6277 Seneca Lake NY YATES 17413 1 76 55 6.96 42 37 39.72

OWOW99-0113 -75.4139 44.2527 Sylvia Lake NY ST LAWRENCE 125 1 75 24 50.04 44 15 9.72

OWOW99-0114 -79.3778 42.1331 Chatauqua Lake NY 5438 1 79 22 40.12 42 7 59.20

OWOW99-0138 -73.5965 42.1441 Copake Lake NY COLUMBIA 158 1 73 35 47.40 42 8 38.76

OWOW99-0488 -74.1190 42.2356 Colgate Lake NY GREENE 11 2 74 7 8.40 42 14 8.16

OWOW99-0538 -74.5199 41.6999 Unnamed NY SULLIVAN 7 2 74 31 11.64 41 41 59.64

OWOW99-0542 -74.4799 44.2537 Little Wolf Pond NY FRANKLIN 65 2 74 28 47.64 44 15 13.32

OWOW99-0562 -78.8773 42.6172 Unnamed NY ERIE 2 2 78 52 38.28 42 37 1.92

OWOW99-0588 -75.2920 44.1313 Unnamed NY LEWIS 1 2 75 17 31.20 44 7 52.68

OWOW99-0593 -73.7070 43.7154 Brant Lake NY WARREN 572 2 73 42 25.20 43 42 55.44

OWOW99-0613 -73.7041 41.5026 Southern South Lake NY PUTNAM 4 2 73 42 14.76 41 30 9.36
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

24 of 35

OWOW99-0913 -75.9898 43.4336 Whitney Pond NY OSWEGO 32 3 75 59 23.28 43 26 0.96

OWOW99-1013 -74.1704 43.2291 Northville Lake NY FULTON 8 3 74 10 13.44 43 13 44.76

OWOW99-1018 -73.6822 43.3046 Unnamed NY WARREN 7 3 73 40 55.92 43 18 16.56

OWOW99-1362 -77.1845 43.2367 Unnamed NY WAYNE 1 4 77 11 4.20 43 14 12.12

OWOW99-1438 -76.2675 43.2846 Pennellville Pond NY OSWEGO 7 4 76 16 3.00 43 17 4.56

OWOW99-1463 -72.3292 40.9420 Goldfish Pond NY SUFFOLK 1 4 72 19 45.12 40 56 31.20

OWOW99-1488 -73.9587 41.1617 DeForest Lake NY ROCKLAND 94 4 73 57 31.32 41 9 42.12

OWOW99-1492 -74.5445 44.3974 Little Rock Pond NY FRANKLIN 7 4 74 32 40.20 44 23 50.64

OWOW99-1513 -74.8449 43.8336 Moose Lake NY HERKIMER 507 4 74 50 41.64 43 50 0.96

OWOW99-1518 -73.5952 43.8205 Grizzle Ocean NY ESSEX 8 4 73 35 42.72 43 49 13.80

OWOW99-1542 -73.9226 44.5617 Mud Pond NY CLINTON 45 4 73 55 21.36 44 33 42.12

OWOW99-0066 -82.5221 39.1898 Lake Rupert OH VINTON 133 1 82 31 19.56 39 11 23.28

OWOW99-0163 -81.7622 40.1524 OH MUSKINGUM 1542 1 81 45 43.92 40 9 8.64

OWOW99-0513 -82.2338 39.9526 Unnamed OH LICKING 2 2 82 14 1.68 39 57 9.36

OWOW99-0541 -83.1276 40.6223 Unnamed OH MARION 2 2 83 7 39.36 40 37 20.28

OWOW99-0963 -83.5746 41.0512 Unnamed OH HANCOCK 1 3 83 34 28.56 41 3 4.32

OWOW99-1038 -81.6191 41.0094 Branch Lake #1 OH SUMMIT 3 3 81 37 8.76 41 0 33.84

OWOW99-1066 -84.0402 39.8466 Unnamed OH GREENE 9 3 84 2 24.72 39 50 47.76

OWOW99-1091 -84.1174 39.5665 Unnamed OH WARREN 4 3 84 7 2.64 39 33 59.40

OWOW99-1114 -83.6802 41.6072 Unnamed OH LUCAS 5 3 83 40 48.72 41 36 25.92

OWOW99-1363 -81.2526 41.3496 Unnamed Lake OH GEAUGA 2 4 81 15 9.36 41 20 58.56

OWOW99-1388 -81.1403 40.7884 Hidden Valley Lake OH STARK 2 4 81 8 25.08 40 47 18.24

OWOW99-1466 -84.7258 39.2000 Unnamed Lake OH HAMILTON 5 4 84 43 32.88 39 12 0.00

OWOW99-1491 -82.2990 39.7671 Clouse Lake OH PERRY 13 4 82 17 56.40 39 46 1.56

OWOW99-1514 -80.5713 41.3069 Unnamed Lake OH TRUMBULL 2 4 80 34 16.68 41 18 24.84

OWOW99-0023 -96.3983 33.9319 OK BRYAN 5 1 96 23 53.88 33 55 54.84
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

25 of 35

OWOW99-0049 -94.8975 34.9442 OK LE FLORE 1 1 94 53 51.00 34 56 39.12

OWOW99-0068 -95.5922 36.5821 OOLOGAH L OK ROGERS 6100 1 95 35 31.92 36 34 55.56

OWOW99-0069 -98.4909 35.1982 OK CADDO 1654 1 98 29 27.24 35 11 53.52

OWOW99-0099 -95.4239 34.0857 Hugo Lake OK CHOCTAW 4950 1 95 25 26.04 34 5 8.52

OWOW99-0193 -95.3515 35.9778 OK WAGONER 634 1 95 21 5.40 35 58 40.08

OWOW99-0194 -95.8195 35.3984 OK MCINTOSH 590 1 95 49 10.20 35 23 54.24

OWOW99-0219 -96.3680 36.2481 KEYSTONE L OK PAWNEE 5455 1 96 22 4.80 36 14 53.16

OWOW99-0499 -94.6797 34.2803 BROKEN BOW L OK MCCURTAIN 5342 2 94 40 46.92 34 16 49.08

OWOW99-0544 -97.5291 34.9868 OK MCCLAIN 12 2 97 31 44.76 34 59 12.48

OWOW99-0643 -95.3119 36.0564 OK WAGONER 799 2 95 18 42.84 36 3 23.04

OWOW99-0644 -95.2973 35.4847 OK MUSKOGEE 1 2 95 17 50.28 35 29 4.92

OWOW99-0669 -96.7935 36.6135 OK OSAGE 2 2 96 47 36.60 36 36 48.60

OWOW99-0924 -96.2380 34.5780 OK COAL 159 3 96 14 16.80 34 34 40.80

OWOW99-0944 -97.9921 35.5221 OK CANADIAN 63 3 97 59 31.56 35 31 19.56

OWOW99-1023 -98.0545 34.3044 OK STEPHENS 2076 3 98 3 16.20 34 18 15.84

OWOW99-1024 -95.1480 35.2651 OK HASKELL 6 3 95 8 52.80 35 15 54.36

OWOW99-1069 -98.6438 35.4976 OK CUSTER 4 3 98 38 37.68 35 29 51.36

OWOW99-1093 -95.1917 36.4339 OK MAYES 8 3 95 11 30.12 36 26 2.04

OWOW99-1123 -96.5470 34.4187 OK JOHNSTON 41 3 96 32 49.20 34 25 7.32

OWOW99-1423 -97.6357 34.5867 OK STEPHENS 15 4 97 38 8.52 34 35 12.12

OWOW99-1468 -94.9559 35.7116 TENKILLER FERRY L OK CHEROKEE 5350 4 94 57 21.24 35 42 41.76

OWOW99-1469 -96.5172 35.1970 OK SEMINOLE 145 4 96 31 1.92 35 11 49.20

OWOW99-1494 -99.3117 34.9257 OK KIOWA 1810 4 99 18 42.12 34 55 32.52

OWOW99-1524 -94.8057 35.2691 OK LE FLORE 1 4 94 48 20.52 35 16 8.76

OWOW99-1543 -95.6455 36.5462 OK ROGERS 99 4 95 38 43.80 36 32 46.32

OWOW99-1544 -98.1776 36.7337 OK ALFALFA 4041 4 98 10 39.36 36 44 1.32
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

26 of 35

OWOW99-0076 -123.2389 44.5527 OR LINN 7 1 123 14 20.11 44 33 9.54

OWOW99-0101 -119.2216 43.4362 OR HARNEY 57 1 119 13 17.87 43 26 10.28

OWOW99-0451 -122.0948 42.9494 Crater Lake OR KLAMATH 5318 2 122 5 41.10 42 56 57.84

OWOW99-0576 -119.1225 43.2360 Harney Lake OR 9844 2 119 7 21.14 43 14 9.67

OWOW99-0629 -120.5315 45.7258 Lake Umatilla OR KLICKITAT 11698 2 120 31 53.54 45 43 32.92

OWOW99-0901 -122.1189 44.8230 OR MARION 26 3 122 7 7.97 44 49 22.87

OWOW99-0929 -123.8054 46.1084 OR CLATSOP 10 3 123 48 19.33 46 6 30.06

OWOW99-0976 -120.0245 42.1399 OR LAKE 767 3 120 1 28.20 42 8 23.64

OWOW99-1001 -123.2441 43.3729 OR DOUGLAS 6 3 123 14 38.72 43 22 22.48

OWOW99-1101 -120.2574 42.6017 Lake Abert OR LAKE 16397 3 120 15 26.60 42 36 6.08

OWOW99-1353 -117.3510 43.4992 OR MALHEUR 4577 4 117 21 3.67 43 29 57.08

OWOW99-1401 -122.0095 42.2938 OR KLAMATH 1498 4 122 0 34.13 42 17 37.82

OWOW99-1454 -123.3889 45.4452 OR WASHINGTON 81 4 123 23 19.97 45 26 42.61

OWOW99-1501 -121.7221 43.6916 OR DESCHUTES 4110 4 121 43 19.67 43 41 29.87

OWOW99-0039 -78.6659 41.1581 Lake Sabula PA CLEARFIELD 13 1 78 39 57.24 41 9 29.16

OWOW99-0089 -77.8121 39.9451 unnamed pond PA FRANKLIN 2 1 77 48 43.56 39 56 42.36

OWOW99-0188 -74.9514 41.2504 Pike Lake #3 PA PIKE 6 1 74 57 5.04 41 15 1.44

OWOW99-0213 -76.3888 41.9443 unnamed pond PA BRADFORD 10 1 76 23 19.68 41 56 39.48

OWOW99-0489 -79.4857 40.6822 Crooked Creek Lake PA ARMSTRONG 151 2 79 29 8.52 40 40 55.92

OWOW99-0663 -76.2884 41.2899 Luzerne Lake #6 PA LUZERNE 18 2 76 17 18.24 41 17 23.64

OWOW99-0988 -75.6005 40.5611 Lehigh Lake #7 PA LEHIGH 2 3 75 36 1.80 40 33 39.96

OWOW99-1014 -80.4247 41.2928 Shenango River

Reservoir

PA MERCER 1491 3 80 25 28.92 41 17 34.08

OWOW99-1088 -75.2502 41.4692 Wayne-Whitney Lake PA WAYNE 46 3 75 15 0.72 41 28 9.12

OWOW99-1113 -76.7346 40.1593 York Haven Dam PA DAUPHIN 1596 3 76 44 4.56 40 9 33.48

OWOW99-1417 -71.5789 41.1687 Fresh Pond RI WASHINGTON 2526 4 71 34 44.04 41 10 7.32

OWOW99-1517 -71.4594 41.7052 Gorton Pond? RI KENT 22 4 71 27 33.84 41 42 18.72
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

27 of 35

OWOW99-1567 -71.4065 41.9839 Arnolds Mills Reservoir RI PROVIDENCE 6 4 71 24 23.40 41 59 2.04

OWOW99-0012 -80.1384 34.5133 SC CHESTERFIELD 3 1 80 8 18.24 34 30 47.88

OWOW99-0112 -79.1741 34.3024 SC DILLON 159 1 79 10 26.76 34 18 8.64

OWOW99-0211 -80.9912 33.2641 SC BAMBERG 37 1 80 59 28.32 33 15 50.76

OWOW99-0212 -80.9015 33.6414 SC CALHOUN 18 1 80 54 5.40 33 38 29.04

OWOW99-0462 -80.1292 34.3049 SC DARLINGTON 36 2 80 7 45.12 34 18 17.64

OWOW99-0536 -82.5805 34.6606 SC ANDERSON 3 2 82 34 49.80 34 39 38.16

OWOW99-0662 -80.7032 34.3094 SC KERSHAW 2 2 80 42 11.52 34 18 33.84

OWOW99-0936 -81.3848 33.6076 SC AIKEN 18 3 81 23 5.28 33 36 27.36

OWOW99-0937 -80.2755 33.5042 SC CLARENDON 3 3 80 16 31.80 33 30 15.12

OWOW99-0987 -81.4667 34.0877 L MURRAY SC NEWBERRY 19602 3 81 28 0.12 34 5 15.72

OWOW99-1061 -81.6083 33.8239 SC AIKEN 6 3 81 36 29.88 33 49 26.04

OWOW99-1087 -81.6246 34.8750 SC CHEROKEE 6 3 81 37 28.56 34 52 30.00

OWOW99-1412 -79.2482 33.3649 SC GEORGETOWN 4 4 79 14 53.52 33 21 53.64

OWOW99-1486 -83.1017 34.5784 HARTWELL RES SC OCONEE 6881 4 83 6 6.12 34 34 42.24

OWOW99-1537 -81.9264 34.8039 SC SPARTANBURG 3 4 81 55 35.04 34 48 14.04

OWOW99-1562 -80.8089 34.4193 Lake Wateree SC KERSHAW 5548 4 80 48 32.04 34 25 9.48

OWOW99-0007 -98.0560 43.7564 SD DAVISON 284 1 98 3 21.60 43 45 23.04

OWOW99-0056 -102.2547 45.7699 SD PERKINS 959 1 102 15 16.92 45 46 11.64

OWOW99-0107 -97.1801 44.8678 SD CODINGTON 1124 1 97 10 48.36 44 52 4.08

OWOW99-0203 -101.3716 44.1562 SD HAAKON 5 1 101 22 17.76 44 9 22.32

OWOW99-0206 -99.8458 45.7071 SD CAMPBELL 6 1 99 50 44.88 45 42 25.56

OWOW99-0457 -96.4624 44.4955 SD BROOKINGS 616 2 96 27 44.64 44 29 43.80

OWOW99-0531 -103.2273 45.1155 SD BUTTE 4 2 103 13 38.28 45 6 55.80

OWOW99-0582 -97.5077 45.6993 SD MARSHALL 83 2 97 30 27.72 45 41 57.48

OWOW99-0628 -103.8945 44.2735 SD LAWRENCE 681 2 103 53 40.20 44 16 24.60
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

28 of 35

OWOW99-0631 -103.4072 45.8542 SD HARDING 9 2 103 24 25.92 45 51 15.12

OWOW99-0653 -100.0315 43.3437 SD TRIPP 3 2 100 1 53.40 43 20 37.32

OWOW99-0657 -99.3955 44.6185 SD HYDE 3 2 99 23 43.80 44 37 6.60

OWOW99-0928 -103.4528 44.8720 SD BUTTE 5 3 103 27 10.08 44 52 19.20

OWOW99-0931 -99.1439 45.9093 SD MCPHERSON 129 3 99 8 38.04 45 54 33.48

OWOW99-0982 -101.0124 44.3660 SD STANLEY 25 3 101 0 44.64 44 21 57.60

OWOW99-1007 -97.2311 45.1795 SD DAY 83 3 97 13 51.96 45 10 46.20

OWOW99-1031 -98.2920 43.4149 SD DOUGLAS 38 3 98 17 31.20 43 24 53.64

OWOW99-1056 -100.5331 44.8741 OAHE RES SD DEWEY 61520 3 100 31 59.16 44 52 26.76

OWOW99-1107 -97.5925 44.4791 SD KINGSBURY 119 3 97 35 33.00 44 28 44.76

OWOW99-1407 -97.1505 44.1469 SD LAKE 95 4 97 9 1.80 44 8 48.84

OWOW99-1453 -103.7237 45.0254 SD BUTTE 7 4 103 43 25.32 45 1 31.44

OWOW99-1481 -102.1920 45.2425 SD PERKINS 43 4 102 11 31.20 45 14 33.00

OWOW99-1507 -97.4514 45.3803 SD DAY 940 4 97 27 5.04 45 22 49.08

OWOW99-1553 -103.4179 43.3078 SD FALL RIVER 1742 4 103 25 4.44 43 18 28.08

OWOW99-1556 -97.2857 45.7157 SD MARSHALL 54 4 97 17 8.52 45 42 56.52

OWOW99-1557 -99.7300 43.9121 SD LYMAN 3 4 99 43 48.00 43 54 43.56

OWOW99-0087 -86.5603 36.0991 J PERCY PRIEST L TN DAVIDSON 5370 1 86 33 37.08 36 5 56.76

OWOW99-0187 -83.8330 36.3113 Norris Lake TN UNION 3749 1 83 49 58.80 36 18 40.68

OWOW99-0487 -85.2748 36.5651 Dale Hollow Lake TN CLAY 10726 2 85 16 29.28 36 33 54.36

OWOW99-0561 -88.4150 35.5581 TN HENDERSON 184 2 88 24 54.00 35 33 29.16

OWOW99-0587 -86.7644 36.4128 TN ROBERTSON 5 2 86 45 51.84 36 24 46.08

OWOW99-0597 -89.3677 35.2595 TN FAYETTE 5 2 89 22 3.72 35 15 34.20

OWOW99-1036 -88.0792 36.4316 KENTUCKY L TN HENRY 46342 3 88 4 45.12 36 25 53.76

OWOW99-1086 -84.7785 35.6188 TN MEIGS 2 3 84 46 42.60 35 37 7.68

OWOW99-1487 -83.3651 35.9973 DOUGLAS L TN JEFFERSON 11139 4 83 21 54.36 35 59 50.28
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

29 of 35

OWOW99-1512 -86.4277 36.0389 TN RUTHERFORD 714 4 86 25 39.72 36 2 20.04

OWOW99-1536 -84.2180 35.6086 Tellico Lake TN MONROE 6639 4 84 13 4.80 35 36 30.96

OWOW99-0020 -95.3874 30.1851 Rogers Lake TX MONTGOMERY 9 1 95 23 14.64 30 11 6.36

OWOW99-0021 -100.5777 31.9371 E V Spence Reservoir TX COKE 6055 1 100 34 39.72 31 56 13.56

OWOW99-0046 -97.4428 31.9740 TX BOSQUE 2208 1 97 26 34.08 31 58 26.40

OWOW99-0048 -98.3790 33.7103 Lake Arrowhead TX CLAY 6561 1 98 22 44.40 33 42 37.08

OWOW99-0070 -98.0258 30.4154 Lake Travis TX TRAVIS 7240 1 98 1 32.88 30 24 55.44

OWOW99-0073 -94.6013 32.8300 TX MARION 557 1 94 36 4.68 32 49 48.00

OWOW99-0096 -97.8593 32.0622 Flag Branch Lake TX BOSQUE 11 1 97 51 33.48 32 3 43.92

OWOW99-0120 -97.3485 26.2842 Unnamed lake TX CAMERON 35 1 97 20 54.60 26 17 3.12

OWOW99-0121 -99.2766 33.9259 Santa Rosa Lake TX WILBARGER 660 1 99 16 35.76 33 55 33.24

OWOW99-0123 -97.1985 33.0425 TX DENTON 380 1 97 11 54.60 33 2 33.00

OWOW99-0145 -96.2522 29.4629 TX WHARTON 2 1 96 15 7.92 29 27 46.44

OWOW99-0148 -94.7224 33.2888 TX MORRIS 1239 1 94 43 20.64 33 17 19.68

OWOW99-0170 -100.9665 32.4319 Bullock Lake TX MITCHELL 2 1 100 57 59.40 32 25 54.84

OWOW99-0195 -94.9041 29.8449 TX CHAMBERS 4 1 94 54 14.76 29 50 41.64

OWOW99-0196 -99.6494 28.9065 TX ZAVALA 5 1 99 38 57.84 28 54 23.40

OWOW99-0198 -95.6121 33.4843 TX LAMAR 6 1 95 36 43.56 33 29 3.48

OWOW99-0220 -95.6834 31.1694 TX HOUSTON 23 1 95 41 0.24 31 10 9.84

OWOW99-0221 -97.9284 28.2013 Lake Corpus Christi TX LIVE OAK 7831 1 97 55 42.24 28 12 4.68

OWOW99-0223 -96.0107 32.9492 Lake Tawakoni TX HUNT 15333 1 96 0 38.52 32 56 57.12

OWOW99-0470 -98.1155 26.1452 TX HIDALGO 8 2 98 6 55.80 26 8 42.72

OWOW99-0471 -99.5140 32.0370 Lake Coleman TX COLEMAN 705 2 99 30 50.40 32 2 13.20

OWOW99-0473 -96.7899 33.8561 L TEXOMA TX GRAYSON 23549 2 96 47 23.64 33 51 21.96

OWOW99-0495 -100.3492 34.4613 Lake Childress TX CHILDRESS 121 2 100 20 57.12 34 27 40.68

OWOW99-0496 -96.8272 32.0145 Unnamed lake TX NAVARRO 12 2 96 49 37.92 32 0 52.20
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

30 of 35

OWOW99-0520 -96.0261 28.7684 TX MATAGORDA 18 2 96 1 33.96 28 46 6.24

OWOW99-0524 -94.1918 30.8490 B A Steinhagen Lake TX 5549 2 94 11 30.59 30 50 56.29

OWOW99-0545 -95.0674 29.5604 Clear Lake TX HARRIS 812 2 95 4 2.64 29 33 37.44

OWOW99-0548 -94.3946 32.2129 Shelby Lake TX PANOLA 5 2 94 23 40.56 32 12 46.44

OWOW99-0570 -98.2822 32.6120 TX PALO PINTO 7 2 98 16 55.92 32 36 43.20

OWOW99-0573 -95.5984 33.8270 Lake Pat Mayse TX LAMAR 2390 2 95 35 54.24 33 49 37.20

OWOW99-0596 -99.0068 32.7753 HUBBARD CR RES TX STEPHENS 5960 2 99 0 24.48 32 46 31.08

OWOW99-0598 -96.6693 33.3078 ASCS Lake Riser 638 TX COLLIN 7 2 96 40 9.48 33 18 28.08

OWOW99-0620 -98.3474 29.8943 TX COMAL 19 2 98 20 50.64 29 53 39.48

OWOW99-0645 -97.6087 31.0062 Stillhouse Hollow Lake TX BELL 2664 2 97 36 31.32 31 0 22.32

OWOW99-0646 -98.4200 28.3815 TX MCMULLEN 6 2 98 25 12.00 28 22 53.40

OWOW99-0648 -96.6480 32.6450 TX DALLAS 6 2 96 38 52.80 32 38 42.00

OWOW99-0670 -94.8510 30.4974 TX POLK 6 2 94 51 3.60 30 29 50.64

OWOW99-0671 -97.8103 28.1089 TX SAN PATRICIO 7 2 97 48 37.08 28 6 32.04

OWOW99-0673 -95.4881 32.1860 L PALESTINE TX HENDERSON 9533 2 95 29 17.16 32 11 9.60

OWOW99-0920 -101.8108 35.4638 TX POTTER 655 3 101 48 38.88 35 27 49.68

OWOW99-0921 -97.5738 31.1665 Lake Belton TX BELL 1052 3 97 34 25.68 31 9 59.40

OWOW99-0945 -95.9137 31.2285 Unnamed lake TX LEON 2 3 95 54 49.32 31 13 42.60

OWOW99-0946 -99.1748 27.9740 TX WEBB 20 3 99 10 29.28 27 58 26.40

OWOW99-0948 -96.5444 33.1304 Lake Lavon TX COLLIN 81 3 96 32 39.84 33 7 49.44

OWOW99-0970 -96.6798 28.3294 TX CALHOUN 2 3 96 40 47.28 28 19 45.84

OWOW99-0973 -94.3321 33.2844 Wright Patman Lake TX BOWIE 11360 3 94 19 55.56 33 17 3.84

OWOW99-0974 -94.1659 32.0277 Sabine River overflow TX PANOLA 5 3 94 9 57.24 32 1 39.72

OWOW99-0995 -96.2954 30.1495 TX WASHINGTON 2 3 96 17 43.44 30 8 58.20

OWOW99-0996 -101.1158 30.1436 TX VAL VERDE 51 3 101 6 56.88 30 8 36.96

OWOW99-0998 -96.0390 32.0818 TX HENDERSON 10 3 96 2 20.40 32 4 54.48
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

31 of 35

OWOW99-1021 -98.6771 33.3955 TX YOUNG 9 3 98 40 37.56 33 23 43.80

OWOW99-1045 -98.5051 32.0189 Lake Proctor TX COMANCHE 1913 3 98 30 18.36 32 1 8.04

OWOW99-1049 -94.5522 31.5542 TX NACOGDOCHES 3 3 94 33 7.92 31 33 15.12

OWOW99-1070 -95.3163 28.9617 TX BRAZORIA 2 3 95 18 58.68 28 57 42.12

OWOW99-1071 -100.9560 29.6535 TX VAL VERDE 588 3 100 57 21.60 29 39 12.60

OWOW99-1073 -95.5320 33.1012 TX HOPKINS 5 3 95 31 55.20 33 6 4.32

OWOW99-1094 -101.6812 35.6553 TX MOORE 593 3 101 40 52.32 35 39 19.08

OWOW99-1095 -98.0244 30.3621 TX TRAVIS 225 3 98 1 27.84 30 21 43.56

OWOW99-1098 -95.5161 32.5682 TX SMITH 6 3 95 30 57.96 32 34 5.52

OWOW99-1120 -97.8470 27.1988 TX KENEDY 5 3 97 50 49.20 27 11 55.68

OWOW99-1121 -98.9015 33.7473 TX ARCHER 3 3 98 54 5.40 33 44 50.28

OWOW99-1370 -96.8215 32.2412 TX ELLIS 9 4 96 49 17.40 32 14 28.32

OWOW99-1373 -94.1256 32.7491 CADDO L TX MARION 10794 4 94 7 32.16 32 44 56.76

OWOW99-1395 -98.0162 28.9365 TX KARNES 8 4 98 0 58.32 28 56 11.40

OWOW99-1399 -93.7712 31.5230 Toledo Bend Reservoir TX SABINE 67141 4 93 46 16.32 31 31 22.80

OWOW99-1420 -99.2401 26.8182 TX ZAPATA 116 4 99 14 24.36 26 49 5.52

OWOW99-1421 -99.2335 31.3159 TX MCCULLOCH 6 4 99 14 0.60 31 18 57.24

OWOW99-1446 -96.2172 31.9798 Richland Reservoir TX 18124 4 96 13 1.92 31 58 47.14

OWOW99-1470 -96.5598 30.7472 TX ROBERTSON 2 4 96 33 35.28 30 44 49.92

OWOW99-1471 -98.6921 28.6395 TX ATASCOSA 1 4 98 41 31.56 28 38 22.20

OWOW99-1473 -96.9868 33.1494 Lake Lewisville TX DENTON 8590 4 96 59 12.48 33 8 57.84

OWOW99-1495 -95.5053 29.6160 What Is It Pond TX FORT BEND 1 4 95 30 19.08 29 36 57.60

OWOW99-1496 -100.1961 28.5733 TX MAVERICK 3 4 100 11 45.96 28 34 23.88

OWOW99-1498 -96.3628 33.1896 TX COLLIN 9 4 96 21 46.08 33 11 22.56

OWOW99-1521 -100.3713 33.0911 TX STONEWALL 7 4 100 22 16.68 33 5 27.96

OWOW99-1523 -97.6110 33.4887 TX MONTAGUE 5 4 97 36 39.60 33 29 19.32
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

32 of 35

OWOW99-1545 -97.3344 30.0141 TX BASTROP 4 4 97 20 3.84 30 0 50.76

OWOW99-1570 -95.5857 30.4678 Lake Conroe TX MONTGOMERY 8030 4 95 35 8.52 30 28 4.08

OWOW99-1571 -99.3188 26.9216 INTERNATIONAL

FALCON RES

TX ZAPATA 15802 4 99 19 7.68 26 55 17.76

OWOW99-1573 -95.5930 32.6230 TX SMITH 3 4 95 35 34.80 32 37 22.80

OWOW99-0102 -113.7755 37.2618 UT WASHINGTON 101 1 113 46 31.80 37 15 42.48

OWOW99-0144 -110.8572 37.3143 UT KANE 912 1 110 51 25.92 37 18 51.48

OWOW99-0152 -110.2791 40.6966 UT DUCHESNE 4 1 110 16 44.76 40 41 47.76

OWOW99-0526 -111.8377 39.0707 UT SANPETE 15 2 111 50 15.72 39 4 14.52

OWOW99-0626 -112.6432 40.8812 UT TOOELE 921 2 112 38 35.52 40 52 52.32

OWOW99-0927 -111.8883 41.8315 UT CACHE 7 3 111 53 17.88 41 49 53.40

OWOW99-1027 -110.1109 40.7634 UT DUCHESNE 10 3 110 6 39.24 40 45 48.24

OWOW99-1051 -111.1449 40.1871 Strawberry Reservoir UT WASATCH 3172 3 111 8 41.64 40 11 13.56

OWOW99-1352 -110.1033 40.3998 UT DUCHESNE 2 4 110 6 11.88 40 23 59.28

OWOW99-1476 -111.8073 40.2025 Utah Lake UT 0 4 111 48 26.21 40 12 8.86

OWOW99-0064 -77.8438 38.0644 Lake Anna VA LOUISA 5254 1 77 50 37.68 38 3 51.84

OWOW99-0090 -77.3122 37.9672 unnamed VA CAROLINE 11 1 77 18 43.92 37 58 1.92

OWOW99-0512 -79.0903 36.6820 Big Lake VA HALIFAX 10 2 79 5 25.08 36 40 55.20

OWOW99-0514 -78.5318 36.5703 VA MECKLENBURG 10 2 78 31 54.48 36 34 13.08

OWOW99-0614 -77.3104 37.4233 Griggs Pond VA HENRICO 6 2 77 18 37.44 37 25 23.88

OWOW99-0914 -77.7039 38.8207 unnamed VA PRINCE WILLIAM 3 3 77 42 14.04 38 49 14.52

OWOW99-0964 -76.5704 36.8671 Lone Star Lake VA SUFFOLK 13 3 76 34 13.44 36 52 1.56

OWOW99-1039 -75.9664 37.4214 VA NORTHAMPTON 628 3 75 57 59.04 37 25 17.04

OWOW99-1089 -78.9541 36.7873 Banister Lake VA HALIFAX 154 3 78 57 14.76 36 47 14.28

OWOW99-1364 -76.3460 37.0230 VA HAMPTON 170 4 76 20 45.60 37 1 22.80

OWOW99-1462 -79.4531 36.7772 unnamed pond VA PITTSYLVANIA 1 4 79 27 11.16 36 46 37.92

OWOW99-1539 -77.6024 37.2620 Lake Chesdin VA CHESTERFIELD 1316 4 77 36 8.64 37 15 43.20
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

33 of 35

OWOW99-0093 -72.8915 42.8282 Lake Whitingham VT WINDHAM 1565 1 72 53 29.40 42 49 41.52

OWOW99-0942 -72.0592 44.7480 Lake Willoughby VT ORLEANS 670 3 72 3 33.12 44 44 52.80

OWOW99-1042 -72.4259 43.6486 Lake Pinneo VT WINDSOR 7 3 72 25 33.24 43 38 54.96

OWOW99-1092 -73.2782 44.8277 VT GRAND ISLE 3406 3 73 16 41.52 44 49 39.72

OWOW99-1467 -72.3081 44.8707 Kidder Pond VT ORLEANS 6 4 72 18 29.16 44 52 14.52

OWOW99-0004 -121.3595 47.3342 Keechelus Lake WA KITTITAS 955 1 121 21 34.06 47 20 2.94

OWOW99-0080 -117.5813 47.7677 Dry Lake WA SPOKANE 5 1 117 34 52.61 47 46 3.58

OWOW99-0154 -120.9586 48.5632 Unnamed/Vulcan WA SKAGIT 3 1 120 57 30.82 48 33 47.63

OWOW99-0179 -119.5883 46.9819 Frenchman Hills Lake WA GRANT 138 1 119 35 17.77 46 58 54.88

OWOW99-0202 -123.7674 48.0848 Cresent Lake WA CLALLAM 1995 1 123 46 2.71 48 5 5.32

OWOW99-0204 -122.8397 46.9928 unnamed WA THURSTON 6 1 122 50 22.88 46 59 34.19

OWOW99-0504 -120.3321 48.0261 Lake Chelan WA CHELAN 13091 2 120 19 55.38 48 1 33.96

OWOW99-0529 -121.1618 46.6403 Rimrock Lake WA YAKIMA 952 2 121 9 42.44 46 38 25.08

OWOW99-0654 -121.3833 47.5843 Lake Dorothy WA KING 102 2 121 22 59.88 47 35 3.41

OWOW99-0954 -119.4764 48.9145 Mud Lake WA OKANOGAN 4 3 119 28 34.97 48 54 52.24

OWOW99-0979 -122.4597 48.0215 Lone Lake WA ISLAND 34 3 122 27 34.81 48 1 17.47

OWOW99-1054 -119.3222 46.9868 Potholes Reservoir WA GRANT 11333 3 119 19 19.99 46 59 12.48

OWOW99-1354 -117.2925 48.4300 WA PEND_OREILLE 936 4 117 17 33.07 48 25 48.00

OWOW99-1379 -118.8874 48.0631 Buffalo Lake WA OKANOGAN 226 4 118 53 14.50 48 3 47.02

OWOW99-1479 -118.9817 46.0048 Lake Wallula WA BENTON 12961 4 118 58 54.16 46 0 17.21

OWOW99-1554 -121.6659 47.6052 Calligan Lake WA KING 117 4 121 39 57.17 47 36 18.54

OWOW99-0008 -89.2323 44.0659 Irogami (Fish) Lake WI WAUSHARA 116 1 89 13 56.28 44 3 57.24

OWOW99-0058 -92.2221 45.7970 Warner Lake WI BURNETT 71 1 92 13 19.56 45 47 49.20

OWOW99-0059 -89.0859 46.0610 Noseeum Lake WI VILAS 5 1 89 5 9.24 46 3 39.60

OWOW99-0108 -92.6510 45.2943 Osceola Lake WI POLK 17 1 92 39 3.60 45 17 39.48

OWOW99-0133 -90.9843 45.8117 Lake Winter WI SAWYER 110 1 90 59 3.48 45 48 42.12
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

34 of 35

OWOW99-0134 -89.5894 45.8619 Sweeney Lake WI ONEIDA 78 1 89 35 21.84 45 51 42.84

OWOW99-0158 -90.5273 46.2912 Maki Lake WI IRON 17 1 90 31 38.28 46 17 28.32

OWOW99-0208 -89.6991 44.8103 L DUBAY/Big Eau

Pleine Res

WI MARATHON 5356 1 89 41 56.76 44 48 37.08

OWOW99-0458 -89.9860 43.9352 Castle Lake WI JUNEAU 5010 2 89 59 9.60 43 56 6.72

OWOW99-0508 -89.5351 45.6967 Bob's Lake WI ONEIDA 8 2 89 32 6.36 45 41 48.12

OWOW99-0533 -91.5771 45.7591 unnamed WI WASHBURN 4 2 91 34 37.56 45 45 32.76

OWOW99-0565 -91.1565 43.3500 WI CRAWFORD 59 2 91 9 23.40 43 21 0.00

OWOW99-0608 -90.1691 46.0857 Turtle Flambeau Flowage WI 0 2 90 10 8.72 46 5 8.52

OWOW99-0658 -89.6562 45.2854 Black Alder Lake WI LINCOLN 5 2 89 39 22.32 45 17 7.44

OWOW99-0666 -88.4157 44.0020 Lake Winnebago WI WINNEBAGO 53757 2 88 24 56.52 44 0 7.20

OWOW99-0958 -91.3394 46.1505 Pacwawong Lake WI SAWYER 76 3 91 20 21.84 46 9 1.80

OWOW99-0959 -89.3112 45.8418 Bog Lake WI ONEIDA 20 3 89 18 40.32 45 50 30.48

OWOW99-0983 -89.1146 44.5307 Hatch Lake WI WAUPACA 46 3 89 6 52.56 44 31 50.52

OWOW99-0991 -89.0375 43.9647 unnamed WI GREEN LAKE 7 3 89 2 15.00 43 57 52.92

OWOW99-1033 -91.2826 46.3544 Flynn Lake WI BAYFIELD 27 3 91 16 57.36 46 21 15.84

OWOW99-1058 -91.8659 45.4135 Yellow River Reservoir WI BARRON 21 3 91 51 57.24 45 24 48.60

OWOW99-1059 -89.1653 45.5817 Mars (Sequilla) Lake WI ONEIDA 16 3 89 9 55.08 45 34 54.12

OWOW99-1083 -92.3092 45.6438 Crooked Lake WI POLK 8 3 92 18 33.12 45 38 37.68

OWOW99-1084 -89.5527 46.1376 Big Gibson Lake WI VILAS 48 3 89 33 9.72 46 8 15.36

OWOW99-1108 -91.3828 45.2325 Calkins North Lake WI CHIPPEWA 5 3 91 22 58.08 45 13 57.00

OWOW99-1365 -90.8791 43.1321 unnamed WI CRAWFORD 5 4 90 52 44.76 43 7 55.56

OWOW99-1383 -89.8021 45.9586 Bolton Lake WI VILAS 57 4 89 48 7.56 45 57 30.96

OWOW99-1408 -90.4251 44.1284 Unnamed l WI MONROE 6 4 90 25 30.36 44 7 42.24

OWOW99-1433 -92.6653 45.4906 Beede Lake WI POLK 2 4 92 39 55.08 45 29 26.16
OWOW99 Site-ID Long. DD Lat. DD Lake Name St. County

Lake

Area

(ha) Yr.

Longitude Latitude

Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec

35 of 35

OWOW99-1483 -92.2409 45.9427 Upper Loon Lake

(Phernetton)

WI BURNETT 24 4 92 14 27.24 45 56 33.72

OWOW99-1484 -88.2877 45.2655 Mirror Lake WI MARINETTE 4 4 88 17 15.72 45 15 55.80

OWOW99-1533 -91.2291 45.5345 WI RUSK 1617 4 91 13 44.76 45 32 4.20

OWOW99-1558 -88.8840 45.1419 McGee Lake WI LANGLADE 8 4 88 53 2.40 45 8 30.84

OWOW99-1566 -88.3072 43.0729 Pewaukee Lake WI WAUKESHA 985 4 88 18 25.92 43 4 22.44

OWOW99-0637 -80.8542 38.2409 Summersville Lake WV NICHOLAS 844 2 80 51 15.12 38 14 27.24

OWOW99-0052 -109.3330 43.0084 WY FREMONT 4 1 109 19 58.80 43 0 30.24

OWOW99-0502 -106.9291 42.6746 WY NATRONA 1 2 106 55 44.76 42 40 28.56

OWOW99-0527 -109.3050 42.8726 WY FREMONT 73 2 109 18 18.00 42 52 21.36

OWOW99-0528 -109.2586 44.4925 WY PARK 1385 2 109 15 30.96 44 29 33.00

OWOW99-0602 -110.6277 44.2998 WY TETON 1116 2 110 37 39.72 44 17 59.28

OWOW99-1052 -110.3633 43.4642 WY TETON 35 3 110 21 47.88 43 27 51.12

OWOW99-1053 -106.2468 43.1947 WY NATRONA 24 3 106 14 48.48 43 11 40.92

OWOW99-1077 -109.6685 43.3312 WY FREMONT 40 3 109 40 6.60 43 19 52.32

OWOW99-1078 -110.3662 44.4549 Yellowstone Lake WY 0 3 110 21 58.43 44 27 17.53

OWOW99-1377 -106.2790 41.3601 WY ALBANY 5 4 106 16 44.40 41 21 36.36

OWOW99-1477 -109.3615 42.8049 WY SUBLETTE 3 4 109 21 41.40 42 48 17.64

OWOW99-1478 -106.7534 44.4843 WY JOHNSON 821 4 106 45 12.24 44 29 3.48

OWOW99-1503 -106.1244 42.7497 WY NATRONA 8 4 106 7 27.84 42 44 58.92

OWOW99-1527 -110.8467 43.8054 WY TETON 4 4 110 50 48.12 43 48 19.44

Appendix B

Standard Operating Procedure: 

Fish Tissue Sample Collection Procedures for a

National Study of Chemical Residues in 

Lake Fish Tissue

SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 1 of 9

 Standard Operating Procedure

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

Fish Tissue Sample Collection Procedures for a National Study of

Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

Scope and Applicability: This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) must be followed by all Field

Sample Collection Teams involved with the USEPA Office of Water’s National Study of Chemical

Residues in Lake Fish Tissue. Adherence to the SOP will ensure that field sampling activities will be

performed the same way every time, i.e., are standardized, for all sampling participants.

Fish tissue sample collection procedures are presented below as sequential steps, and include specific

equipment, materials, and methods required to perform field sampling activities only.

Responsibility and Personnel Qualifications: This procedure may be used by any Field Sampling

Teams that have been authorized by the USEPA Project Manager or the USEPA Regional/State/ Tribal

Fish Sampling Coordinators to collect fish for the National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish

Tissue.

References: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1995. Guidance for Assessing

Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories. Volume 1: Fish Sampling and

Analysis. Second Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water,

Washington, D.C. EPA 823-R-95-007.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1997. Quality Assurance Project

Plan for the Cook Inlet Contaminant Study Sampling. U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1997. Sampling Plan for Conducting

Field Sampling and Chemical Analysis for the Cook Inlet Contaminant Study. U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology,

Washington, D.C.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999a. EPA Requirements for

Quality Assurance Project Plans. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Quality

Assurance Division, Washington, D.C. Interim Final. EPA QA/R-5.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999b. National Study of Chemical

Residues in Lake Fish Tissue: Study Design. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D.C.
SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 2 of 9

Precautions: Follow usual safety precautions for working in the field. Boats and/or electrofishing

equipment should only be operated by qualified, experienced operators trained in their proper use. Each

vessel must be equipped with the appropriate Coast Guard-required safety equipment (including personal

floatation devices for each field team member). If electrofishing equipment is used for sample collection,

each team member must be insulated from the water, boat, and electrodes via rubber boots and gloves.

Equipment/Materials:

Sampling vessel (including boat, motor, trailer, oars, gas, and all required safety equipment)(a)

Electrofishing equipment - OPTIONAL (including variable voltage pulsator unit, generator, electrodes,

wiring cables, dip nets, protective gloves, protective boots, and all necessary safety equipment)(a)

Nets - OPTIONAL (including trawls, seines, gill nets, fyke nets, trammel nets, hoop nets, pound nets,

trap nets)(a)

Angling equipment - OPTIONAL (including fishing rods, reels, line, terminal tackle, trot lines)(a)

Coast Guard-approved personal floatation devices

Maps of target lakes and access routes

Global Positioning System (GPS) unit - OPTIONAL (a)

pH meter (including associated calibration supplies) (a)

Livewell and/or buckets

Measuring board (millimeter scale)

Ice chests(b)

Aluminum foil (solvent-rinsed and baked)(b)

Heavy-duty food grade polyethylene tubing(b)

Large plastic (composite) bags(b)

Knife or scissors

Clean nitrile gloves(b)

Field Record Forms(b)

Sample Identification Labels(b)

Chain-of-Custody Forms(b)

Chain-of-Custody Labels(b)

Scientific collection permit

Dry Ice(b)

Black ballpoint pens and/or waterproof markers

Clipboard

Packing/strapping tape
SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 3 of 9

Overnight courier airbills(b)

Plastic cable ties(b)

Plastic bubble-wrap(b)

First aid kit and emergency telephone numbers

(a)

 Selection and exact specifications at the discretion of the experienced on-site fisheries biologist.

(b)

 Provided by the sample control center.

Procedures:

1. Identify the target lake to be sampled using the USEPA Office of Water’s Target Lake List. 

Locate the target lake via the coordinates provided in the Target Lake List and USGS

topographic maps (or equivalent maps).

2. Based on site reconnaissance, determine whether the target lake meets the definition of a suitable

lake for sampling for the purposes of this study, i.e., each lake must:

• be a permanent body of water of at least one hectare in surface area,

• have a minimum of 1,000 m2 of open (unvegetated) water,

• be greater than 1 meter deep, and

• have a permanent fish population (e.g., no annual winterkill, not recently stocked with

young fish).

If the target lake meets all of the above criteria, and if in the case of private property, the

landowner allows access/permission to sample the lake, proceed with Step 3. If the lake does not

meet the definition of a lake and/or if a private landowner denies access, record the problem and

contact the USEPA Project Manager and/or the Tetra Tech Task Leader.

3. Assemble an array of both active and passive gear types, to ensure the collection of the desired

target numbers and species of fish. Selection of the most appropriate gear type(s) for a particular

target lake will be at the discretion of the experienced on-site fisheries biologist. Detailed

procedures for use or deployment of all possible gear types are not included here. However, if

passive collection devices (e.g., gill nets) are used, they must be checked frequently (e.g., several

times daily if possible, but at least every 24 hours) to ensure a limited time lag between fish

entrapment and sample preparation. Sampling Teams must be qualified, experienced, and/or

trained on the safe and effective use of each gear type selected.

4. Sampling gear will be selected and deployed to obtain samples of both predator species and

bottom-dwelling species. Suggested target species, listed in order of preference, are as follows:
SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 4 of 9

Family name Common name Scientific name

Predator/Gamefish Species(in order of preference)

Centrarchidae Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides

Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu

Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus

White crappie Pomoxis annularis

Percidae Walleye Stizostedion vitreum

Yellow perch Perca flavescens

Percichthyidae White bass Morone chrysops

Esocidae Northern pike Esox lucius

Salmonidae Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush

Brown trout Salmo trutta

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis

 Bottom-dwelling Species 

(in order of preference)

Cyprinidae Common carp Cyprinus carpio

Ictaluridae Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus

Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus

Yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis

Catostomidae White sucker Catostomus commersoni

5. As soon as fish have been obtained via active collection methods (or removed from passive

collection devices) they must be identified to species. Clean nitrile gloves must be worn during

the sample handling process. Potential target species/individuals will be rinsed in ambient water

to remove any foreign material from the external surface and placed in clean holding containers

(e.g., livewells, buckets). Nontarget fishes or small specimens are returned to the lake.

6. One predator and one bottom-dwelling species composite will be retained from each target lake. 

Each composite must consist of five fish of adequate size (i.e., adult specimens that collectively

will provide greater than 560 grams of edible tissue for predators and 560 grams of total body

tissue for bottom dwellers) for analysis. Select fish for each composite based on the following

criteria:

C all are of the same species,

• all satisfy legal requirements of harvestable size (or weight), or at least be of consumable

size if no legal harvest requirements are in effect,

• all are of similar size, so that the smallest individual in a composite is no less than 75% of

the total length of the largest individual, and
SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 5 of 9

• all are collected at the same time, i.e., collected as close to the same time as possible, but

no more than one week apart (Note: Individual fish may have to be frozen until all fish to

be included in the composite are available for delivery to the sample preparation

laboratory).

Accurate taxonomic identification is essential in assuring and defining the organisms that have

been composited and submitted for analysis. Under no circumstances should individuals from

different species be used in a single composite sample.

7. Following selection of five fish for each of the two composites that meet the above-listed criteria

for compositing, measure each to determine total body length. Measure total length of each

specimen in millimeters, from the anterior-most part of the fish to the tip of the longest caudal

finray (when the lobes of the caudal fin are depressed dorsoventrally).

8. Record species retained, specimen length, location collected and sampling date and time on the

Field Record Form (Figure 1) in black ink. Complete site location description portions of the form,

and draw a simple sketch of the sampling area in the space provided. One Field Record Form

will be completed for each composite collected from the target lake.

9. Assign the unique ten-character composite sample ID number to each composite as directed on

the Field Record Form (Figure 1):

• state of collection (two-character abbreviation),

• year of collection (two-number abbreviation),

• lake identification number (four-digit code from Appendix A), 

• composite type (one character -- P = predator species; B = bottom-dwelling species), and

• sample type (one character -- S = standard sample; D = duplicate sample).

10. Sign and date the Field Record Form.

11. Remove each fish retained for analysis from the clean holding container(s) (e.g., livewell) using

clean nitrile gloves. Dispatch each fish using a clean wooden bat (or equivalent wooden device).

12. Wrap each fish in extra heavy-duty aluminum foil (provided by the sample control center as

solvent-rinsed, oven-baked sheets).

13. Prepare a Sample Identification Label (Figure 2) (in black ink) for each sample, ensuring that the

label information matches the information recorded on the Field Record Form.

14. Cut a length of food grade tubing (provided by sample control center) that is long enough to
SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 6 of 9

 contain each individual fish and to allow extra length on each end to secure with cable ties. 

Place each foil-wrapped specimen into the appropriate length of tubing. Seal each end of the

tubing with a plastic cable tie, and attach the appropriate Sample Identification Label.

15. Double-bag each entire specimen package, that is, place inside a large plastic bag with all 

specimens of the same species from that site and seal with another cable tie.

16. As soon as each sample is packaged, place it immediately on dry ice for shipment. If samples

will be carried back to a laboratory or other facility to be frozen before shipment, wet ice can be

used to transport wrapped and bagged fish samples in the coolers to a laboratory or other interim

facility. 

17. If possible, keep all (five) specimens designated for a particular composite in the same shipping

container (ice chest) for transport. 

18. Samples may be stored on dry ice for a maximum of 24 hours. Sampling teams have the option,

depending on site logistics, of:

C shipping the samples packed on dry ice in sufficient quantities to keep samples frozen for

up to 48 hours, via priority overnight delivery service (e.g., Federal Express), so that they

arrive at the sample preparation laboratory within less than 24 hours from the time of

sample collection, or

C freezing the samples within 24 hours of collection at #-20°C, and storing the frozen

samples until shipment within 1 week of sample collection (frozen samples will

subsequently be packed on dry ice and shipped to the sample preparation laboratory via

priority overnight delivery service).

19. Complete a Chain-of-Custody Form (Figure 3). All entries must be in black ink and coincide with

specimen/sample information on the Sample Identification Labels and Field Record Forms. 

20. Retain one copy of the Chain-of-Custody Form and Field Record Form, place and seal all other

copies in a waterproof bag, and enclose the sealed forms in the shipping container (ice chest). 

21. Pack each shipping container (completely) with dry ice, secure each container with packaging

tape, and seal it (e.g., across the latch of the ice chest) with a Chain-of-Custody Label (provided

by the sample control center). Include the signature of the sampler and the date/time sealed (in

black ink) on each Chain-of-Custody Label.

22. Ship each container to the laboratory via priority overnight express delivery service, as directed by

the USEPA Project Manager or Tetra Tech Task Leader. Monitor sample holding time, and

factor time required for shipment/delivery to ensure that the preservation and holding criteria

described in Step 18 have been met.
SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 7 of 9

Field Record for National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue

Composite Sample ID:

(State) (Year) (Lake ID Number) (Composite type

P=predator or

B=bottom-dweller)

Sampling Date :

Collection Method(s):

Collector Name (print and sign):

Affiliation: Phone:

Address:

Site Location

Site Name:

Site Description:

County:

Latitude: Longitude:

Circle one: natural lake, modified natural lake, human-made reservoir, other

Estimated maximum lake depth meters

Sample Description

Fish Species: Total Number of Individuals:

Specimen

#

Length

(mm)* Location Date/Time Notes

01

Additional Comments:

*minimum individual size should be no less than 75% maximum individual size

02

03

04

05

Sampling Site Diagram

FORM DISTRIBUTION: White -- Tetra Tech Task Leader Yellow & Pink -- Sample Prep Lab Gold -- Sampler

pH surface mid (optional) bottom (optional)

(Sample type

S=standard or

D=duplicate)

EPA Sample Number (to be assigned by Prep Lab):

Figure 1. Field record for fish samples
SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 8 of 9

Project Name Date

Site Identification Time

Specimen #

Composite Sample ID #

Preservative

Collected by

Figure 2. Sample identification label(a).

(a) See Appendix D for key to complete Sample Identification Label.
SOP Fish Tissue Sample Collection

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 9 of 9

Sampled by:(signature)

Date/Time:

Received by:(signature)

Date/Time: Received by:

(signature)

Date/Time:

Relinquished by:(signature)

Date/Time: Received by:

(signature)

Date/Time:

Received by:(signature)

Date/Time:

Collection 

Method Log Number

Type of Analyses Requested

Date Time Sample Identification/Station

Page of Sample Location:

Project Number: Project Name:

Project Manager or Client Contact:Address/Phone:

Tetra Tech, Inc. | Biological Research Facility CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD

Preservative (Y/N)

Number of Containers Contact Name/Phone:

Shaded area for Tt use only:

Sample check-in:DO _____ T _____ pH _____ Cond/Salinity _____ Chlorine _____ Appearance _____ __________________ __________________ FORM DISTRIBUTION: White - Tt BRF Yellow - Report Pink - Sampler

reproduced electronically

Figure 3. Chain-of-Custody Form.

Appendix C

Standard Operating Procedure: 

pH Measurements

SOP pH Measurements

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 1 of 3 

 Standard Operating Procedure

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pH Measurement Procedures for a National Study of Chemical

Residues in Lake Fish Tissue

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

Scope and Applicability: This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) must be followed by all Field

Sample Collection Teams involved with the USEPA Office of Water’s National Study of Chemical

Residues in Lake Fish Tissue. Adherence to the SOP will ensure that field pH measurements will be

performed the same way every time, i.e., are standardized, for all sampling participants.

Procedures for field pH measurement are presented as sequential steps in the SOP to follow, and include

equipment, materials, and methods required to perform field measurements only.

Responsibility and Personnel Qualifications: This procedure may be used by any Field Sampling

Teams that have been authorized by the USEPA Project Manager or the USEPA Regional/State/ Tribal

Fish Sampling Coordinators to collect fish for the National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish

Tissue.

References: American Public Health Association (APHA). 1995. Part 4500 — H+: pH Value. 

Pages 4-65 - 4-69 in APHA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater. APHA, Washington, D.C.

Precautions: Follow usual safety precautions for working in the field. Boats should only be operated by

qualified, experienced operators trained in their proper use. Each vessel must be equipped with the

appropriate Coast Guard-required safety equipment (including personal floatation devices for each field

team member). Caution must be used when deploying pH probes overboard, and deployment should only

occur when vessels are stable and not under power.

Equipment/Materials:

Sampling vessel (including boat, motor, trailer, oars, gas, and all required safety equipment)(a)

Coast Guard-approved personal floatation devices

Maps of target lakes and access routes

Field Record Forms(b)

Clipboard

pH meter with pH electrode/probe(a)

Standard buffer solutions (pH 4, 7, and 10)

Calibration cup or beaker

Distilled water

Calibration log book(a)

(a)

 Selection and exact specifications at the discretion of the experienced on-site fisheries biologist.

(b)

 Provided by the sample control center.
SOP pH Measurements

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 2 of 3 

Procedures:

GENERAL

Procedures provided herein focus on pH probe deployment and pH measurement, not specific component

assembly or operation since selection of a particular meter for use is at the discretion of the individual

field teams. Field teams are urged to read, understand, and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for

their pH meter of choice for this study.

CALIBRATION

1. Prior to deployment (i.e., at a minimum once daily during field use), the pH meter must be

calibrated as per manufacturer’s specifications. Calibration procedures presented here are

generalized and are not water-specific.

2. Rinse the calibration cup (or beaker) and pH sensor with distilled, deionized water.

3. Pour off the deionized water and fill the calibration cup with pH 4.0 buffer solution, making sure

that the pH sensor is completely immersed in buffer solution.

4. Turn the meter display on and monitor pH. When the pH reading has stabilized to a consistent

value, note the reading in a calibration log book or field notebook.

5. If the displayed value is different from the buffer/standard, adjust the meter (e.g., via a

calibration setting) to match the buffer value. Record the final calibrated pH reading (which

must match the buffer value) in the calibration log book.

6. Decant the 4.0 buffer solution from the calibration cup, and rinse the pH sensor and calibration

cup with distilled water.

7. Fill the calibration cup with 7.0 buffer solution and repeat Steps 4 through 5.

8. Decant the pH 7.0 buffer solution and rinse the pH sensor and calibration cup with distilled

water. Fill the calibration cup with pH 10.0 buffer solution and repeat Steps 4 through 5.

9. Decant the buffer solution and rinse the pH sensor with distilled water.

10. Once the meter is successfully calibrated, lake pH can be measured. Water sample temperature

must be similar in temperature to that of the calibration standards (or use and adjust the

temperature compensation feature of the meter).
SOP pH Measurements

Final

Date: 22 May 2000

Page 3 of 3 

DEPLOYMENT AND SAMPLE MEASUREMENT

11. Deploy the pH sensor by gently lowering the probe into the water. Be sure that the sensor is

completely immersed.

Specific deployment and measurement instructions for the National Fish Tissue Study requires

only one measurement location (with an optional vertical profile) per target lake, and are as

follows:

a. In waters < 2 meters deep, measure pH at approximately 30 cm (approximately 1 ft)

below the surface.

b. In waters $ 2 meters deep, measure pH at approximately 30 cm below the surface, at

mid-depth, and at 30 cm above lake bottom substrates; however if multiple measurements

or vertical profiles are not feasible (e.g., due to lake depth, meter probe cord length, etc.),

record a single measurement at 30 cm below the surface.

12. When the pH reading has stabilized to a consistent value, record the reading on the Field Record

Form (provided by the sample control center) to the nearest 0.1 unit.

13. Repeat Step 12 for mid-depth and near bottom measurements, as appropriate and if feasible

(refer to Step 11).

14. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for pH meter and electrode storage and maintenance.

Appendix D

Field Data Element Dictionary

Field Data Element Definitions and Instructions

Associated with Field Sample Collection Activities for the 

National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue

Element

Affiliation: The Affiliation field (on the Field Record Form) contains the

agency, group, or company name of those persons conducting

the field effort.

Collected by: The Collected by field on the Sample Identification Label is

synonymous with the Collector Name field on the Field Record

Form, and contains the name of the Field Team Leader.

Collection Method: The Collection Method field on the Field Record Form

contains the listing of sampling gear types used to collect

samples.

Collector Name: The Collector Name field on the Field Record Form is

synonymous with the Collected by field on the Sample

Identification Label, and contains the name of the Field Team

Leader.

Composite Sample ID: The Composite Sample ID field on the Field Record Form and

the Sample Identification Label is composed of a ten-character

code including state of collection (two-character abbreviation),

year of collection (two-number abbreviation), lake identification

number (four-digit USEPA code), composite type (one character

-- P = predator species, B = bottom-dwelling species), and

qualifier for standard or duplicate composite samples (one

character -- S = standard sample, D = duplicate sample).

EPA Sample Number: Please leave this space blank on the Field Record Form. The

EPA Sample Number is an analytical tracking number that will

be assigned by the sample preparation laboratory to each

individual aliquot of fish tissue prepared for analysis.

Estimated Maximum Lake Depth: The Estimated Maximum Lake Depth field on the Field

Record Form stores a depth estimate in meters for the deepest

portion of the target lake. Estimates will be made by the Field

Team and may be based on sources such as lake maps, depth

sounder readings, anchor line lengths, etc.

Fish Species: The Fish Species field on the Field Record Form stores the

common name of the fish retained for analysis. Scientific name

entries are optional.
Length: The Length field on the Field Record Form contains the

individual Total Length (in millimeters) of each fish retained for

analysis. Total length of each specimen is measured from the

anterior-most part of the fish to the tip of the longest caudal

finray (when the lobes of the caudal fin are depressed

dorsoventrally) and recorded to the nearest mm.

Location: The Location field on the Field Record Form stores a brief

description of the area in the lake where each fish was collected. 

Preservative: The Preservative field on the Sample Identification Label

stores information on how the samples were preserved for

shipment, i.e., either on dry ice or frozen.

Project Name: The Project Name field on the Sample Identification Label

contains the designation “USEPA National Fish Tissue Study”.

Sampling Date: The Sampling Date field on the Field Record Form and Sample

Identification Label stores the numerical month/date/year (e.g.,

10/02/99) of sample collection.

Site Description: The Site Description field on the Field Record Form contains a

brief written description of the location of the lake (e.g., road or

town landmarks) and area of lake sampled (e.g., east portion of

the lake).

Site Identification: The Site Identification field on the Sample Identification Label

is synonymous with the Site Name field on the Field Record

Form, and contains the lake name.

Site Name: The Site Name field on the Field Record Form is synonymous

with the Site Identification field on the Sample Identification

Label and contains the lake name.

Specimen #: The Specimen # field on the Field Record Form and the Sample

Identification Label consists of a two-digit number from 01

through 05.

Time: The Time field on the Sample Identification Label and Field

Record Form stores time of sample collection recorded in

military time (i.e., four digits). Time fields on the Field Record

Form include collection times for each individual specimen.