# Patent

## Title
Self-scanning light-emitting element array and driving method of the same

## Abstract

A self-scanning light-emitting element array is driven such that, if a current supply line for a light-emitting element is broken, a light-emitting element neighboring failed light-emitting element continues to operate. In first time period turned-on states of the neighboring two thyristor overlap when the turned-on state is transferred in the transfer portion by the two-phase clock pulses; a second time period is provided after the first period, during which the light-emitting thyristor corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is lighted by the light-emitting signal; in a third time period, after the second time period, a turned-off transfer thyristor for the turned-on thyristor is turned on and the lighted thyristor in the light-emitting portion is lighted out. The second time period has a length in which the thyristor having the broken line neighboring the failed thyristor is lighted.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for driving a self-scanning light-emitting element array, particularly to a method for driving a self-scanning light-emitting element array in which an effect to an image is not caused even if there is a thyristor which is not lighted in a light-emitting portion due to the breakage of a current supply line for thyristors in the light-emitting portion.
2. Related Art
A light-emitting element array in which a plurality of light-emitting elements are integrated on the same substrate is utilized as an optical writing head for an optical printer and the like with combining it to a driving IC. The inventors of the present invention have interested in a three-terminal light-emitting thyristor having a pnpn-structure as a component of the self-scanning light-emitting element array, and have already filed several patent applications (see Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 1-238962, 2-14584, 2-92650, and 2-92651) showing that a self-scanning operation for the thyristors in a light-emitting portion may be realized. These publications have disclosed that such a self-scanning light-emitting element array has a simple and compact structure for a light source of a printer, and has smaller arranging pitch of light-emitting elements.
The inventors have further provided a self-scanning light-emitting device having such structure that a transfer portion including switch elements (light-emitting thyristors) array is separated from a light-emitting portion including light-emitting elements (light-emitting thyristors) array (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-263668).
Referring to FIG. 1A, there is shown an equivalent circuit diagram of a self-scanning light emitting array in which a transfer portion and light-emitting portion are separated. The self-scanning light-emitting element array comprises a transfer portion including thyristors S1, S2, S3 . . . and a light-emitting portion including thyristors L2, L2, L3 . . . . The structure of the transfer portion utilizes a diode-coupling system, i.e., the neighbored gates of the thyristors S1, S2, S3 . . . are connected by diodes D1, D2, D3 . . . , respectively. A power Supply VGA is connected to gate g1, g2, g3 . . . in the transfer portion through gate load resistors Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, respectively. Respective gates g1, g2, g3 . . . of the thyristors S1, S2, S3 . . . are also connected corresponding gates g′1, g′2, g′3 of the thyristors L1, L2, L3 in the light-emitting portion through resistors Rp1, Rp2, Rp3 . . . . Respective cathodes of the thyristors in the transfer portion are connected alternately to φ1 line 12 and φ2 line 14.
Current limiting resistors R1 and R2 are inserted in the φ1 line 12 and φ2 line 14, respectively.
Respective cathodes of the thyristors L1, L2, L3 . . . in the light-emitting portion are connected to a light-emitting signal φI line 16. A current limiting resistor RI is inserted in the φI line 16.
By driving the self-scanning light-emitting element array thus structured, a thyristor in the light emitting portion designated by the turned-on state of a thyristor in the transfer portion driven by two-phase clock pulses φ1 and φ2 is lighted or lighted out to make an image.
In FIG. 1B, there shown High/Low-level of the clock pulses φ1, φ2 and the light-emitting signal φI, turned-on/turned-off state of the thyristors in the transfer portion, and lighted/lighted out state of the thyristors in the light-emitting portion. As shown in FIG. 1B, a time period during which both clock pulses φ1 and φ2 are at Low-level is shown by ta(=t3−t2), a time period until when the light-emitting signal φI becomes Low-level after any of clock pulses φ1 and φ2 becomes High-level is shown by tb(=t4−t3), and a transfer period is shown by T(=t5−t2). Herein, a time when the light-emitting signal φI becomes High-level is set equally to a time when next clock pulse becomes Low-level to increase a light-emitting period. As a result, the light-emitting time period is equal to (T−ta−tb).
As an example, a transfer period T=t5−t2=500 ns, a time period ta=t3−t2=20 ns, and a time period tb=t4−t3=20 ns.
As a line for supplying a current to the thyristors in the light-emitting portion is thin in its width and the density of a current through it is large, there is a possibility of the breakage of the line due to an electro-migration. In a conventional drive method, the transfer operation becomes unstable when the breakage of a line is caused, and the thyristors succeeding the breakage point in a transfer direction in the light-emitting portion may not be lighted. In such a case, an image defect will be caused in which a part of an image is not printed across several mili meters in width (i.e., white stripe) for the worst case, which depends on the breakage point. This defect will be remarkable in a printed image. As a color printer having a printing density of 1200 dpi (dots per inch) for A3 size comprises a print head including 60,000 thyristors in the light emitting portion, a serious image defect will be caused even if only one current supply line for the thyristors in a light-emitting portion is broken. Therefore, a high reliability is required for respective thyristors in the light-emitting portion, resulting in a cost up of a print head.
The reason why an abnormal transfer operation is caused will now be described hereinafter. As shown in FIG. 2A, it is assumed that a cathode line for the thyristor L5 in a light-emitting portion is broken. FIG. 2B shows High/Low-level of the clock pulses φ1, φ2 and the light-emitting signal φI, turned-on/turned-off state of the thyristors in the transfer portion, and lighted/lighted out state of the thyristors in the light-emitting portion.
As shown in FIG. 2B, it is assumed that when the clock pulse φ1 is at High-level, the clock pulse φ2 is at Low-level, and the light-emitting signal φI Low-level at the time t1, the thyristor S4 in the transfer portion is turned on, and the thyristor L4 in the light-emitting portion is lighted. At the time t2, the clock pulse φ1 becomes Low-level, and the light-emitting signal φI High-level, so that the thyristor S5 is turned on, and the thyristor L4 is lighted out. Subsequently, at the time t3, the clock pulse φ2 becomes High-level, and the thyristor S4 is turned off. Subsequently, while the light-emitting signal φI becomes Low-level at the time t4, the thyristor L5 connected to the turned-on thyristor S5 may not be lighted due to the breakage of the line. At this time, one thyristor among the thyristors L1-L6 in the light-emitting portion connected to the φI line 16 is turned on, the gate voltage of the one thyristor having the highest voltage among the gate voltages on the gates g′1−g′6.
FIG. 3 shows the variation of voltages of the gates g4, g6, g′4, g′6 after the time t2. While the light-emitting signal φI becomes High-level at the time t2 to light out the thyristor L4, the voltages of the gate g′4 as well as the gate g4 becomes approximately 0 volts because the clock pulse φ2 is still at Low-level. When the clock pulse φ2 becomes High-level at the time t3, the thyristor S4 is also turned off and then the gates g4 and g′4 are pulled down through the resistors Rg4 and Rp4, so that respective voltages of the gates g4 and g′4 are decreased at the time constants τg and τ′g toward the voltage VGA (−5 volts). In FIG. 3, the voltages of the gates g4 and g′4 at the time t4 are designated by g4 (t4) and g′4 (t4), respectively. At this time, the resistance of the gate g′4 is larger than that of the gate g4, so that the time constant τ′g becomes larger to cause the rate of voltage decreasing to be slow.
On the other hand, the thyristor S5 is turned on at the time t2, so that respective voltages of the gates g6 and g′6 become approximately −VD (VD is a forward rising voltage of the coupling diode D). Subsequently, when the light-emitting signal φI becomes Low-level at the time t4, respective voltages of the gates g′4, g′5 and g′6 become as follows:

    
    
        the voltage of the gate g′4=g′4(t4)
        the voltage of the gate g′5=about 0 volts
        the voltage of the gate g′6=g′6(t4).

As the voltage of the gate g′5 is highest, the thyristor L5 will be lighted in a normal case. However, the thyristor L5 may not be lighted because the cathode line for the thyristor L5 is broken. In this case, the thyristor having the higher voltage between the gate voltage g′4(t4) and g′6(t4) is lighted. As g′4(t4)>g′6(t4) in FIG. 3, the thyristor L4 is lighted again. At this time, the thyristor S5 is turned on in the transfer portion and the thyristor L4 is lighted in the light-emitting portion, which is an unstable state.

    
    


Subsequently, the clock pulse φ2 becomes Low-level at the time t5. In a normal state, the gate voltage g6 (t5) is approximately −VD which is the highest gate voltage among the thyristors connected to the clock pulse φ2 line 14. However, the thyristor L4 is lighted, so that the voltage of the gate g4 is a voltage divided by the resistors Rp4 and Rg4. In the case of Rp4=5 kΩ, Rg4=20 kΩ for example, the voltage g4 (t5) is approximately −1 volts. As a result, the light-emitting φI signal becomes High-level, and then g4(t5)>g6(t5) at the time t5 when the thyristor L4 is lighted out. Consequently, the thyristor S4 is turned on as shown in FIG. 3B. When the light-emitting signal φI becomes Low-level at the time t7, the thyristor L4 is lighted again. The situation described above is repeated hereinafter, so that the thyristor L4 is lighted repeatedly and the thyristors after the thyristor L5 in the light-emitting portion are not lighted. The transfer operation of the thyristors in the light-emitting portion is stopped, resulting in the defect of white stripe in printing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a method for driving a self-scanning light-emitting element array in which even if a line in a light-emitting portion is broken, a thyristor neighbored to the failed thyristor having the breakage of the line may be lighted to continue the transfer of a lighted state of the thyristor.
The present invention is a method for driving a self-scanning light-emitting element array including a transfer portion in which a plurality of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors are arrayed in one dimension, gates of neighbored thyristors are connected by a diode respectively, a power supply is connected to each gate of the thyristors through a load resistor, a first and second clock pulses of two phases are alternately supplied to cathodes or anodes of the thyristors; a light-emitting portion in which a plurality of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors are arrayed in one dimension, each gate of the thyristors is connected to a gate of corresponding thyristor in the transfer portion through a resistor, and a light-emitting signal is supplied to cathodes or anodes of the thyristors.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprises the steps of:

    
    
        turning on the thyristors in the transfer portion sequentially by the two-phase clock pulses;
        lighting the thyristor in the light-emitting portion corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion by the light-emitting signal;
        a first time period is provided, during which turned-on states of neighbored two thyristors are overlapped when the turned-on state is transferred in the transfer portion by the two-phase clock pulses;
        a second time period is provided after the first time period, during which the thyristor in the light-emitting portion corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is lighted by the light-emitting signal;
        a third time period is provided after the second time period, during which a turned-off thyristor back to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is turned on as well as the lighted thyristor in the light-emitting portion is lighted out; and
        the second time period is a time period having a length in which when a thyristor to be lighted in the light-emitting portion is not lighted due to the breakage of a line, a thyristor back to the failed thyristor due to the breakage of the line is lighted.
    
    


According to the second aspect of the present invention, the method comprises the steps of:

    
    
        turning on the thyristors in the transfer portion sequentially by the two-phase clock pulses;
        lighting the thyristor in the light-emitting portion corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion by the light-emitting signal;
        a first time period is provided, during which turned-on states of neighbored two thyristors are overlapped when the turned-on state is transferred in the transfer portion by the two-phase clock pulses;
        a second time period is provided after the first time period, during which the thyristor in the light-emitting portion corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is lighted by the light-emitting signal;
        a third time period is provided after the second time period, during which the lighted thyristor in the light-emitting portion is lighted out;
        a fourth time period is provided after the third time period, during which a thyristor back to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is turned on; and
        the fourth time period is a time period having a length in which when a thyristor to be lighted in the light-emitting portion is not lighted due to the breakage of a line, a thyristor back to the failed thyristor due to the breakage of the line is lighted.
    
    





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a conventional self-scanning light emitting array.
FIG. 1B shows the waveforms illustrating the operation of the self-scanning light-emitting element array in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 2A shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a self-scanning light emitting array in which a cathode line for the thyristor L5 in a light-emitting portion is broken.
FIG. 2B shows the waveforms illustrating the operation of the self-scanning light-emitting element array in FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3 shows the waveforms for illustrating the stop of transfer operation at the thyristor L4 in the light-emitting portion in the self-scanning light-emitting element array in FIG. 2A.
FIG. 4 shows the waveforms for illustrating the drive method in the embodiment 1.
FIG. 5 shows the waveforms for illustrating the situation in which the thyristor L6 is lighted in place of the thyristor L5 in the light-emitting portion.
FIG. 6 shows the waveforms for illustrating the drive method in the embodiment 2.
FIG. 7 shows the waveforms for illustrating the situation in which the thyristor L6 is lighted in place of the thyristor L5 in the light-emitting portion.



BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment in accordance with the present invention will now be described for an anode common type using a P-type substrate. It is noted that the present invention may be applied to a cathode common type accompanying with a suitable modification.
Instead of the failed thyristor having a broken line in the light-emitting portion, the thyristor prior to or back to the failed thyristor is lighted to allow a normal operation hereinafter. Therefore, the total number of lighted thyristors is not varied and the position to be lighted is shifted only one dot from the original position, resulting in a less remarkable defect.
There are following two methods to realize the normal operation.

    (1) The time period τb(=t4−t3) is selected to be equal to or larger than the time period τb. As a result, when the breakage of a line is caused, the thyristor Ln+1 back to the failed thyristor Ln having the broken line may be necessarily lighted. It is noted that τb is the time period required for the voltage of the gate g′n+1 of the thyristor Ln+1 becoming larger than the voltage of the gate g′n−1 of the thyristor Ln−1.
    (2) The time period tc is provided between the time when the light-emitting signal φI becomes High-level and the time when both of the clock pulses φ1 and φ2 become Low-level, tc being larger than the time period τc. As a result, even if the breakage of a line is caused and the thyristor Ln−1 prior to the failed thyristor Ln having the broken line is lighted in place of the thyristor Ln, the lightening of the thyristors after the thyristor Ln+1 may be transferred normally. It is note that τc is the time period required for the voltage of the gate gn+1 of the thyristor Sn+1 becoming larger than the voltage of the gate gn−1 of the thyristor Sn−1 at the timing when both of the clock pulses φ1 and φ2 become Low-level.


Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is on the basis of the method (1) described above. In the conventional waveforms shown in FIG. 1B, the length of the time period tb is selected to be shortest for the normal operation of thyristors in the light-emitting portion. If the time period tb is selected to be larger than b which, in the case of the failed thyristor being the thyristor Ln, is the time period required for the voltage of the gate g′n+1 of the thyristor Ln+1 back to the thyristor Ln becoming larger than the voltage of the gate g′n−1 of the thyristor Ln−1 prior to the thyristor Ln, the thyristor Ln+1 back to the failed thyristor Ln may be necessarily lighted.
FIG. 4 shows the waveforms of the clock pulses φ1, φ2 and the light-emitting signal φI. While the transfer period T=t5−t2=500 ns, the time period ta=t3−t2=20 ns, the time period tb=t4−t3=20 ns, VGA=−5 volts, High-level voltage=0 volts, and Low-level voltage=−5 volts in the waveforms in FIG. 1B, the time period tb is spread to 80 ns in the waveforms in FIG. 4. Thereby, g′4(t4)<g′6(t4) at the time t4, so that the thyristor L6 may be lighted in place of the failed thyristor L5.
When the subsequent thyristor S6 in the transfer portion is intended to be turned on at the time t5, the gate voltage g6 (t5) of the thyristor S6 at the time t5 is the highest voltage among the gate voltages of the thyristors in the transfer portion connected to the φ2 line 14, so that the thyristor S6 may be turned on in order. As a result, the lightening of the thyristors after the thyristor L6 may be transferred normally.
According to the waveforms shown in FIG. 4, when an image having a middle degree of concentration is outputted, a white stripe may be observed but it is not so remarkable. This is because that a white stripe corresponding to one dot is buried in an entire black area, and an image is an area gray scale in a low degree of concentration so that an effect due to the shift of one dot data is less.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is on the basis of the method (2) described above. A time period tc is provided between the time when the light-emitting signal φI becomes High-level and the time when both of the clock pulses φ1 and φ2 are at Low-level. The time period tc is selected to be larger than τc which is a time period required for the voltage of the gate gn+1 of the thyristor Sn+1 becoming larger than the voltage of the gate gn−1  of the thyristor Sn−1 in the transfer portion, so that the lighting of the thyristors after the thyristor Ln+1 may be transferred normally.
FIG. 6 shows the waveforms of the clock pulses φ1, φ2 and the light-emitting signal φI. The waveforms are the same as that in FIG. 3 except that the time when the light-emitting signal φI becomes High-level is caused to be faster by tc in comparison with the light-emitting signal φI shown in FIG. 3.
As illustrated with reference to the waveforms in FIG. 3, g′4(t4)>g′6(t4) at the time t4 as in the conventional waveforms. Therefore, the thyristor L4 is lighted again in place of the failed thyristor L5 in the light portion, and is lighted out at the time t5 as shown in FIG. 7. Hereinafter, the clock pulse φ2 becomes Low-level at the time t6 after the lapse of tc=t5−t8, so that g6(t5)>g4(t5). As a result, the thyristor S6 is turned on subsequently to the thyristor S5, and the thyristor L6 is lighted to implement the normal transfer operation.
In the present embodiment, the difference between the gate voltages g4(t8) and g6(t8) at the time t8 is small, so that it is allowable that a short time period tc is provided. The normal transfer operation is possible by tc=20 ns in the waveforms shown in FIG. 6.
In the present embodiment 2, the time period during which the thyristor is lighted may be extended by 40 ns and the light exposure may be increased by approximately 10% in comparison with the embodiment 1.
The present invention may be applied to an optical writing head using a light-emitting element array chip. Also, the present invention is preferable for an optical printer and copy machine because the life time of an optical writing head is extended and the maintenance thereof may easily be implemented.

## Claims

1. A method for driving a self-scanning light-emitting element array including a transfer portion in which a plurality of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors are arrayed in one dimension, gates of neighbored thyristors are connected by a diode respectively, a power supply is connected to each gate of the thyristors through a load resistor, a first and second clock pulses of two phases are alternately supplied to cathodes or anodes of the thyristors; a light-emitting portion in which a plurality of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors are arrayed in one dimension, each gate of the thyristors is connected to a gate of corresponding thyristor in the transfer portion through a resistor, and a light-emitting signal is supplied to cathodes or anodes of the thyristors; the method comprising the steps of: turning on the thyristors in the transfer portion sequentially by the two-phase clock pulses; lighting the thyristor in the light-emitting portion corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion by the light-emitting signal; a first time period is provided, during which turned-on states of neighbored two thyristors are overlapped when the turned-on state is transferred in the transfer portion by the two-phase clock pulses; a second time period is provided after the first time period, during which the thyristor in the light-emitting portion corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is lighted by the light-emitting signal; a third time period is provided after the second time period, during which a turned-off thyristor following the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is turned on as well as the lighted thyristor in the light-emitting portion is lighted out; and the second time period is a time period having a length in which when a thyristor to be lighted in the light-emitting portion is not lighted due to the breakage of a line, a thyristor following the failed thyristor due to the breakage of the line is lighted.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second time period is determined by the variation of the gate voltages of the thyristor following the failed thyristor and the thyristor prior to the failed thyristor.

3. A method for driving a self-scanning light-emitting element array including a transfer portion in which a plurality of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors are arrayed in one dimension, gates of neighbored thyristors are connected by a diode respectively, a power supply is connected to each gate of the thyristors through a load resistor, a first and second clock pulses of two phases are alternately supplied to cathodes or anodes of the thyristors; a light-emitting portion in which a plurality of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors are arrayed in one dimension, each gate of the thyristors is connected to a gate of corresponding thyristor in the transfer portion through a resistor, and a light-emitting signal is supplied to cathodes or anodes of the thyristors; the method comprising the steps of: turning on the thyristors in the transfer portion sequentially by the two-phase dock pulses; lighting the thyristor in the light-emitting portion corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion by the light-emitting signal; a first time period is provided, during which turned-on states of neighbored two thyristors are overlapped when the turned-on state is transferred in the transfer portion by the two-phase clock pulses; a second time period is provided after the first time period, during which the thyristor in the light-emitting portion corresponding to the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is lighted by the light-emitting signal; a third time period is provided after the second time period, during which the lighted thyristor in the light-emitting portion is lighted out; a fourth time period is provided after the third time period, during which a thyristor following the turned-on thyristor in the transfer portion is turned on; and the fourth time period is a time period having a length in which when a thyristor to be lighted in the light-emitting portion is not lighted due to the breakage of a line, a thyristor prior to the failed thyristor due to the breakage of the line is lighted.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the fourth time period is determined by the variation of the gate voltages of the thyristor back to following the failed thyristor and the thyristor prior to the failed thyristor.