United States

Environmental 

Protection Agency

Office of Science

and Technology

(4303T)

EPA -822-R-02-034

April 2002

EPA Statistical Support

Document for the

Development of Round 2

Biosolids Use or

Disposal Regulations

Acknowledgments

This document was prepared by Charles E. White of the Engineering and Analysis Division in

EPA’s Office of Water. Kathleen Stralka with Science Applications International Corporation

provided assistance under EPA Contract No. 68-C-99-233.

Questions or comments regarding this document should be addressed to:

Charles E. White, Statistician

USEPA (4303T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

White.Charles-E@EPA.Gov
S
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 1 

II. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 2 

III. Analytical Data and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 3 

IIIA. Sample Design and Survey Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 3 

IIIB. Data Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 6 

IIIC. Toxic Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 6 

IIID. Statistical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 6 

IV. Dry Weight of Biosolids Disposed in 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 9 

V. NSSS National Summary Statistics—Dioxins, Furans, and Dioxin-like PCB Toxic

Equivalent Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 11 

VA. 2001 NSSS Dioxin and Dioxin-like Concentration Descriptive 

Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 11 

VB. 2001 NSSS National Summary Statistics—Dioxins and Dioxin-like PCB Toxic

Equivalent Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 12 

VC. 2001 NSSS National Dioxin and Dioxin-like TEQs By Flow Group . . . . Page 13 

VD. 1988 and 2001 NSSS National Summary Statistics—Dioxins and Dioxin-like

PCB Toxic Equivalent Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 15 

VI. Self-monitoring Data Over Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 18 

VIA. Self-monitoring Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 18 

VIB. Data Conventions Applied to Self-monitoring Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 19 

VIC. Self-monitoring Summary Statistics—Dioxins, Furans, and Dioxin-like PCB

Toxic Equivalent Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 19 

Appendix A National Pollutant Concentration Percentile Estimates from the 2001 NSSS

Appendix B National Toxic Equivalent Estimates from the 2001 NSSS

Appendix C Empirical Cumulative Distributions of National Toxic Equivalents from the 2001

NSSS

Appendix D Empirical Cumulative Distributions of National Toxic Equivalents from the 2001

NSSS By Flow Groups
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: 2001 NSSS Survey Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 5 

Table 2: Strata Definitions and Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 5 

Table 3: WHO—Toxicity Equivalency Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 7 

Table 4: Dry Weights of Biosolids Disposed in 1988 (U.S. Tons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 10 

Table 5: 2001 NSSS National TEQ Estimates—Total TEQs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 12 

Table 6: 2001 NSSS Total Dioxin and Furan and Dioxin-Like PCB National TEQ 

Estimates— POTWs By Flow Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 13 

Table 7: Total Dioxin and Furan National TEQ Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 15 

Table 8: Number and Type of Self-monitoring Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 18 

Table 9: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs Nondetected Values Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . Page 22 

Table 10: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs Nondetected Values Set to 1⁄2 ML . . . . . . . . . . Page 24 

Table 11: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs Nondetected Values Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 26 

Table 12: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs Nondetected Values Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . Page 28 

Table 13: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs Nondetected Values Set to 1/2ML . . . . . . . . . Page 30 

Table 14: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs Nondetected Values Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 32 

Table 15: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

 Nondetected Values Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 34 

Table 16: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

 Nondetected Values Set to 1⁄2 ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 36 

Table 17: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

 Nondetected Values Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 38 
1

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In accordance with Section 405(d) of the amended Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) proposed a limitation of 300 parts per trillion (ppt) toxic equivalents (TEQs) of dioxin,

furan and dioxin-like coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biosolids. Under the proposed

limitation, biosolids containing a TEQ in excess of this proposed limitation may not be land applied. 

Additionally, EPA also proposed that publicly owned treatment works (POTWs ), privately owned

treatment works, and secondary preparers producing biosolids containing dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs in

the range of 30 to 300 ppt be required to monitor their TEQs annually. Covered facilities producing less

than 30 ppt TEQs would monitor every 5 years.

Supporting regulation development for the use or disposal of biosolids containing dioxin and dioxin-like

compounds, this document presents estimates describing the dry weight amount of biosolids used or

disposed at various-sized treatment works across the country, distribution of TEQs of dioxin and

dioxin-like compounds in biosolids from POTWs across the country, and the variability over time of

dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs in biosolids from three POTWs. 

The estimated dry weight of biosolids used and disposed by POTWs were determined from data collected

in the EPA’s 1988 National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS). Dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs in biosolids as

measured during the 2001 and 1988 NSSS support distributional assessments. It should be noted that

chemical analytical techniques differed between the 1988 and 2001 surveys. In 1988, dioxin-like

coplanar PCBs were measured as aroclors. Since the percentage of coplanar PCBS that comprise the

aroclors are not publicly available, TEQs for the dioxin-like PCBs are not provided in this report. By

contrast, the individual dioxin-like PCBs were measured in the 2001 NSSS and their TEQs are reported. 

Also, during the 1988 NSSS, the percent solids of each biosolid sample was quantified and a standard

volume of each was subjected to chemical analyses. Dry weight amounts of the dioxin and furans were

then determined mathematically based on the sample’s percent solids. In 2001, the sample’s volume was

adjusted based on percent solids and this adjusted volume was then submitted for chemical analyses. 

Finally, characterization of dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs in biosolids over time was determined from long

term monitoring data provided voluntarily to the EPA by three POTWs. 

The EPA conducted the 1988 NSSS to support the development and promulgation of “Round 1”

regulations. POTWs that practiced secondary or higher treatment of waste water were sampled from flow

categories according to a statistical probability design. In 1988, biosolids from 174 POTWs were

measured for dioxins and furans. Dioxin-like PCBs were measured as aroclors. During the 1988 NSSS,

biosolid samples were obtained after final treatment just prior to use or disposal. EPA’s 2001 NSSS

characterized the dioxin and dioxin-like TEQ levels in biosolids produced by POTWs during that year. 

The 2001NSSS sample of 94 POTWs was drawn from EPA’s 1988 NSSS. The 94 sampled POTWs that

practiced secondary or higher treatment of wastewater in 2001 projects to 6,857 POTWs in the Nation. 

The maximum observed total dioxin/furan and dioxin-like PCB TEQs from the 2001 NSSS is 718 ppt. 

Of the 94 POTWs in the sample, only two POTWs exceeded the 300 ppt limitation. One POTW is in the

category that treats more than 10 million but less than 100 million gallons of wastewater per day. The

other is from the category of POTWs that treats more than 1 million but less than 10 million gallons of

wastewater per day. Together, these two POTWs represent 61 of the 6,857 POTWs in the Nation in 2001

that practice secondary or higher treatment of wastewater— or 0.9 percent of the POTWs in the Nation. 

The 99th percentile estimate of total dioxin/furan and dioxin-like PCB TEQs from the 2001 NSSS ranges

from 114 to 138 ppt, depending on the method used for congeners or aroclors not measured above the
2

minimum level (ML) of quantitation in a sample. The percentage of POTWs that produce biosolids with

less than 30 ppt of dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs ranges from 79 percent to 73 percent, depending on the

method used to produce estimates when dioxins are not measured above the ML in a POTW’s biosolids

sample. When the value zero is substituted for dioxin congeners not measured above the ML, 79 percent

of the POTWs that practice secondary or higher treatment of wastewater in 2001 are below the total

dioxin and dioxin-like TEQ 30 ppt limit and therefore would be required to monitor every 5 years. If the

congener’s ML values is substituted for those samples from which the congener was not measured above

the ML, then 73 percent of the POTWs in 2001 produce biosolids containing less than 30 ppt TEQs of

dioxin. 

Of the three POTWs that supplied self-monitoring data, one submitted 90 monthly dioxin and furan

TEQs. These data were collected from 1991 through 2000. Although total dioxin and furan TEQs were

less than 300 ppt from March 1992 through May 1993, TEQs ranged from 100 to 265 ppt during that

time. After that, only three monthly TEQs exceeded 100 ppt. One of these values , 325 ppt, occurred in

November 1994. The high TEQ for this month was dominated by a high OCDD measurement. The

remaining POTWs reported monthly self-monitoring TEQs from 2000 and 2001. These total TEQs were

rather consistent over time; however, the POTWs did report total TEQs in excess of 30 ppt and thus

would be required to monitor under this “Round 2” regulation.

II. INTRODUCTION

Under the authority of Section 405(d) Clean Water Act, as amended, the Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) is promulgating limitations for use or disposal of biosolids (40 CFR 503). Biosolids are

treated sewage sludge, which is a byproduct of municipal wastewater treatment. Land application,

surface disposal, and incineration are the regulated uses or disposal practices for biosolids.

In 1993, EPA promulgated limits for nine toxic pollutants in biosolids that are to be land applied, surface

disposed, or incinerated. Regulated pollutants included metals, pathogens, and total hydrocarbons. The

1993 limitations are referred to as the “Round 1” regulation for use and disposal of biosolids. In

December 1999, EPA proposed a “Round 2" limitation of 300 parts per trillion (ppt) toxic equivalents

(TEQs) of dioxins. Ppt is equivalent to nanograms per kilogram (ng/kg). The term “dioxins” is used in

this document to encompass dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This group of

dioxin-like chemicals have similar chemical properties and can thus elicit common toxic responses.

Under the proposed Round 2 regulation, biosolids containing more than 300 ppt TEQs of dioxin may not

be land applied. The proposed Round 2 regulation also requires that all facilities test biosolids to be land

applied for dioxins. Publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) finding dioxin TEQ levels between 30

and 300 ppt in their biosolids would be required to monitor dioxin levels annually. POTWs with less than

30 ppt of TEQs of dioxin would be required to monitor the dioxin levels in their biosolids once every 5

years. Exceptions to this testing requirement would be biosolids from POTWs that treat less than one

million gallons of wastewater per day and small POTWs that prepare less than 290 dry metric tons of

sewage sludge annually. 

EPA conducted the 1988 National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS) to support the development and

promulgation of Round 1 regulations. This survey was conducted according to a statistical probability

sample design. Biosolids from 174 POTWs were sampled and chemically analyzed. These samples

projected to 7,714 POTWs in the Nation in 1988. In support of Round 2 regulation development, EPA

conducted a 2001 NSSS. The Agency obtained biosolids samples from 94 POTWs that participated in
3

the 1988 NSSS analytical survey. The samples in the 2001 NSSS project to 6,857 POTWs in the Nation

in 2001. Section III of this report describes the sampling plan for the 2001 NSSS. It also includes a

discussion of sample weights and their application for projecting sample estimates to POTWs in the

Nation.

This report presents three information components that are integral to risk assessment and regulation

development, including: quantity of biosolids used and disposed; the amount of dioxin and dioxin-like

TEQs in disposed solids, and the variability of the TEQ amounts over time. Section IV of this report

presents national estimates of the dry weight amounts of biosolids disposed by POTWs for 1988. The

2001 NSSS did not collect disposal amount information. Section V provides summary statistics for 2001

dioxin and dioxin-like pollutants, including three sets of tabulated estimates of the mean, median, and

upper percentiles by congener. The estimates differ by the value that enters the estimation algorithms

when a congener is not measured above the minimum level (ML) in a sample. The three methods

substitute the values zero, one-half the ML, and the ML of the congener, respectively, when a congener is

not measured above the ML in a sample.

Application of toxic equivalent factors (TEFs) to POTW congener dry weight concentrations is the basis

for estimating TEQs. The products of congener TEFs and congeners’ dry weight concentrations from the

POTWs sample are summed across congeners to produce the POTWs TEQ. Section V reports total TEQs

for dioxins and furans; total TEQs for co-planar PCBs; and total TEQs for dioxins, furans, and co-planer

PCBs from the 2001 NSSS. Again, national estimates are presented for each of three substitution

methods when a congener is not measured above the ML in a POTW sample.

Section V also provides side-by-side estimates of dioxin and furan TEQs from the 2001 and 1988 NSSS. 

Graphical empirical cumulative distributions of TEQs from the 2001 and 1988 NSSS augment tabulated

estimates. Appendices C and D list cumulative empirical distributions underlying the graphics

presentations. Results of statistical tests of differences in the national average amounts of total dioxin and

furan TEQs between 1988 and 2001 are presented in Section V.

Three POTWs submitted monthly self-monitoring data. Data were collected predominantly during 2000. 

However, one POTW provided data from 1991 through 2000. Section VI presents summary statistics for

TEQs and displays graphical presentations of these data over time.

III. ANALYTICAL DATA AND METHODS

This section defines the sample design and resulting weights for the 2001 NSSS. Because the 1988 NSSS

is the basis from which the 2001 NSSS was drawn, Section IIIA presents a description of the 1988 NSSS. 

Section IIIB provides a description of the conventions and statistical methods employed to generate

estimates presented in this report. Sections IIIC and IIID discuss TEFs and statistical methods.

IIIA. SAMPLE DESIGN AND SURVEY WEIGHTS

To support Round 1 regulatory development efforts, EPA’s 1988 NSSS collected biosolids quantity and

pollutant occurrence data from a national probability sample of POTWs practicing at least secondary

treatment of wastewater. Operationally, secondary treatment was defined as a primary clarifier process

followed by biological treatment and secondary clarification. In 1988, 11,407 POTWs in the 50 states,

Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia met these criteria.
4

A statistical probability sample of 208 POTWs in the contiguous states and the District of Columbia

comprised the analytical component of the 1988 NSSS. These POTWs were randomly drawn from

secondary or higher treatment POTWs that were categorized into one of four strata based on their average

daily flow of influent wastewater. These strata are defined as:

• Flow greater than 100 million gallons per day (MGD)

• Flow more than 10 MGD but less than or equal to 100 MGD

• Flow more than 1 MGD but less than or equal to 10 MGD

• Flow less than or equal to 1 MGD.

EPA contract personnel collected biosolids samples from 180 POTWs in the analytical component of the

NSSS. Samples were collected just prior to use or disposal of the biosolids. All sample collection and

preservation was conducted according to protocol. Contract laboratories analyzed each biosolids sample

for percent solids and the concentration of 412 analytes. Method 1613 measured dibenzofurans and

dioxins in a standardized sample volume. Coplanar PCBs were measured as PCB aroclors. Chemical

analysis methods were either developed, chosen, or adapted to allow for the most reliable and accurate

measurement of the subject analytes in the biosolids matrix. The concentration of quantified chemicals in

1988 samples were converted to dry weight measures based on their percent solids so that dioxin and

furan TEQs would be comparable across the range of samples. 

A more detailed discussion the NSSS sampling plan, POTWs, and data are included in a November 1992

final report titled “Statistical Support Documentation for the 40 CFR, Part 503 Final Standards for the

Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge.”

A total of 208 POTWs were selected for sampling as part of the analytical component of EPA’s 1988

NSSS. However, 32 POTWs were excluded from statistical analyses because biosolid samples were not

obtained after the completion of secondary treatment of wastewater. 

National concentration estimates of toxic equivalence of dioxins and furans were calculated from a

sample of 174 POTWs. Biosolid samples from SurveyIDs 23-07-036 (Episode=1554) and 35-05-012

(Episode=1561) were not analyzed for the dioxin and furans during the NSSS. Therefore, dioxin and

furan estimates, generated from a sample of 174 POTWs, apply to a population of 7,714 POTWs.

From the 1988 NSSS, a sample 101 POTWs was statistically drawn. Of these 101 POTWs, seven were

either no longer in business or did not produce biosolids. These seven POTWs—one in stratum two,

three in stratum three, and three in stratum four—represent 855 POTWs in the population of 7,714

POTWs in the Nation that practiced secondary or higher treatment of wastewater in 1988. The table

below presents the descriptive sampling statistics for the 2001 NSSS.
5

TABLE 1: 2001 NSSS Survey Weights

STRATUM

(H)

SAMPLE

SIZE(NH)

OPERATING

POTWS IN

SAMPLE

ADJUSTED

STRATUM

(NH)

SAMPLING

FRACTION

(NH/NH)

STRATUM

WEIGHT

(NH/N)

1 11 11 27 11/27 27/6,857

2 30 29 291 29/291 291/6,857

3 36 33 1,685 33/1,685 1,685/6,857

4 24 21 4,854 21/4,854 4,854/6,857

3 101 94 6,857 1.000

The primary assumption underlying the statistical sample design of the 2001 NSSS is that the population

consists of 7,714 POTWs across the four strata. These strata categorize the POTWs according to the

average daily flow of influent wastewater. The strata definitions and the strata sizes based on the 1988

population are tabulated in the table below.

TABLE 2: Strata Definitions and Sizes

STRATUM STRATUM DEFINITION NUMBER OF POTWS IN THE

POPULATION STRATUM

1 FLOW GREATER THAN 100 MGD 27

2 FLOW >10 MGD BUT #100 MGD 301

3 FLOW >1 MGD BUT #10 MGD 1,838

4 FLOW #1 MGD 5,548

TOTAL 7,714

The sampling fractions for the 2001 NSSS were derived using Bayes Theorem. Define Ah as the event

that a POTW was randomly drawn from the Nh POTWs in stratum h of the 1988 population of POTWs. 

Define Bh as the event that a POTW was randomly drawn for the 2001 NSSS. The event B/A indicates

that a POTW in the 2001 NSSS was randomly selected from the sample of nh POTWs in the 1988 NSSS

to be included in the 2001 NSSS. The event AB is defined as the event that a POTW is in both the 1988

NSSS and 2001 NSSS. 

Thus, using Bayes Theorem, 

P[Bh/Ah]*P[Ah]=P[ABh] applied to stratum one yields a sampling fraction ( P[ABh]) of 11/27 because 

P[Bh/Ah]*P[Ah] =11/19*19/27.
6

IIIB. DATA CONVENTIONS

From 2001 NSSS biosolids samples, EPA quantified dioxin and furans using EPA Method 1613B. PCB

concentrations were determined by EPA Method 1668A. Because the amount of biosolids differs per

sample, EPA adjusted sample volume by percent solids to report quantified amounts on a dry weight

basis. This allowed sample concentrations to be compared on the same basis. Units of measure are ppt

(ng/kg). 

Before calculating the national estimates of dioxin, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs presented in Section V

of this report, pollutant concentrations were aggregated on a POTW basis to form one concentration value

per POTW for each pollutant. For POTWs with multiple samples, the pollutant concentrations were

averaged together. Each aggregate concentration is considered to be detected above the pollutant’s ML if

at least one of the samples was detected above the ML. If a pollutant was not measured above the ML,

estimates were calculated using three substitution methods. These methods substituted the value zero,

one-half the ML, or the ML value when a congener was not measured above the ML in a POTW’s

sample.

IIIC. TOXIC EQUIVALENTS

Dioxins, used in this report to refer to dioxin-like compounds, consist of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and co-planar PCBs. Because dioxins are of similar chemical

structure, they express similar toxicity. TEFs standardize the toxicity of dioxin congeners to 2, 3, 7, 8

tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The World Health Organization (WHO) provides a TEF scheme

that includes TEFs for coplanar PCBs in addition to those for dioxin and furans. Van den Berg, et. al

published “Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs for Humans and Wildlife”

in the 1998, volume 106 issue of Environmental Health Perspectives. Table 3 lists the WHO-98 TEFs. 

Section V of this report presents TEQs. National estimates of TEQs at the congener level are generated

from POTW TEQs resulting from the product of the congener’s TEF times the congener’s dry weight

concentration in the POTW’s biosolid sample. Total TEQs for dioxin and furans, coplanar PCBs, and

total dioxin and dioxin-like compounds from a POTWs sample were mathematically aggregated by

summing the congener TEQs from a POTW’s sample.

TEQ Congener TEF Congener TEF Congener TEF = × + × +⋅⋅⋅+ × ( )( ) ( ) ii jj nn

IIID. STATISTICAL METHODS

Section V of this report presents national summary statistics for dioxins and dioxin TEQs. Estimates of

the mean and standard deviations of the empirical measures were generated according to stratified random

sampling procedure listed in Cohen’s 1977 edition of “Sampling Techniques.” The weights are those

tabulated in this section. 

EPA calculated percentile estimates using the nonparametric, weighted cumulative distribution function

(CDF) technique described below.

Denote the dry weight, or the TEQ concentration of a given pollutant in the sampled biosolid from the jth

POTW in the ith survey flow stratum as Xij. The values of the variable Xij are then sorted in order of
7

increasing TEQ or concentration. The values of the adjusted survey weights (Wi) associated with the

ordered values of Xij are then summed until the first occurrence of p.

If Xp is defined as the concentration of the pth percentile then,

X F X p where F X w F X p i

i

=≥ = i

=

() () () ∑

1

4

with

 and

F IX x

n

i ij

ij j

nij

= ≤

=

∑ ( )

1

I X x if X x for x

otherwise

( ) ij ij

.

≤= ≤ ≥

=

1 0

0

To determine the TEQ or pollutant concentration associated with the pth percentile, an inverse function

was applied to the cumulative distribution function. Define the pth percentile as FX(xp) such that P[X ≤

xp] p/100. The inverse of this function F-1 ≥ (p), is the smallest value of x satisfying FX(x) p where p is ≥

the desired percentile point (P) divided by 100.

Because the cumulative distribution created by application of the formula is empirical, integer valued

percentile points are not always realized. The convention applied to determine the TEQ concentration

associated with the pth integer percentile from the empirical distribution function was to determine the

smallest TEQ concentration value x such that FX(x) p. This value was denoted x p+ and is the qth ≥

ordered TEQ concentration. The next smallest TEQ concentration from x p+, or the concentration

associated with the (q-1)st ordered TEQ concentration was then identified. The TEQ concentration value

for the pth percentile was obtained using linear interpolation between the qth and (q-1) values.

TABLE 3: WHO—Toxicity Equivalency Factors*

DIOXIN/FURAN CONGENER TEF

OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN 0.0001

OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.0001

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN 0.010

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.010

1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN 0.100

1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.100

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.010

1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN 0.10
DIOXIN/FURAN CONGENER TEF

8

1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.100

1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN 1.000

1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.050

1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN 0.100

1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.100

2,3,4,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.100

2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.500

2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN 1.000

2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 0.100

CO-PLANAR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS TEF

PCB-77 0.0001

PCB-81 0.0001

PCB-126 0.1

PCB-169 0.01

PCB-105 0.0001

PCB-118 0.0001

PCB-123 0.0001

PCB-156 0.0005

PCB-157 0.0005

PCB-167 0.00001

PBC-114 0.0005

PCB-170 0.0000

PCB-180 0.0000

PCB-189 0.0001

*Source: Van den Berg, et. al., 1998. “Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for Humans and Wildlife.”

Environmental Health Perspectives 106:775-792.
9

IV. DRY WEIGHTS OF BIOSOLIDS DISPOSED IN 1988

The dry weight of biosolids disposed by POTWs is recorded in the 1988 NSSS. This information is not

available for the POTWs in the 2001 NSSS. As a point of reference, Table 4 records mean, maximum,

and upper percentiles of dry weight biosolids disposed in 1988 by POTWs that practice secondary or

greater treatment of wastewater. Estimates are presented by flow groups. Table 4 includes three sets of

disposal statistics for each flow stratum. These sets include those POTWs in the stratum that reported

zero tons of biosolids disposed. The second set excludes POTWs reporting zero biosolids disposed.

Finally, since Round 2 applies to land application, the third set of disposal statistics record dry weights of

biosolids disposed by those POTWs in 1988 that indicated that they used land application as their major

disposal practice.

Table 4 indicates that in 1988, at least half of the POTWs treating less than one million gallons of

wastewater per day were less than the 290 dry weight metric tons exemption. Actually, 90 percent of the

POTWs in the nation in 1988 that treated less than one million gallons of wastewater per day disposed

less than 290 metric tons of biosolids annually. 
10

TABLE 4: Dry Weights of Biosolids Disposed in 1988 (U.S. Tons)

POTWS MEAN 50TH% 95TH% 99TH% MAXIMUM

POTWS TREATING > 100 MGD

ALL REPORTED DISPOSED 

(ZEROS INCLUDED)

46,900 27,800 150,000 235,000 262,000

ALL REPORTED DISPOSED

(ZEROS EXCLUDED)

48,700 28,300 151,000 236,000 262,000

ALL LISTING LA AS A MAJOR

DISPOSAL PRACTICE

25,800 15,200 69,500 87,800 92,300

POTWS TREATING > 10 MGD BUT # 100 MGD

ALL REPORTED DISPOSED 

(ZEROS INCLUDED)

6,310 4,370 20,500 26,200 39,900

ALL REPORTED DISPOSED

(ZEROS EXCLUDED)

6,410 4,400 20,700 26,200 39,900

ALL LISTING LA AS A MAJOR

DISPOSAL PRACTICE

4,560 2,830 12,900 14,000 14,200

POTWS TREATING > 1 MGD BUT #10

ALL REPORTED DISPOSED 

(ZEROS INCLUDED)

670 357 1,890 5,180 13,600

ALL REPORTED DISPOSED

(ZEROS EXCLUDED)

691 390 1,900 5,390 13,600

ALL LISTING LA AS A MAJOR

DISPOSAL PRACTICE

581 297 1,760 2,500 13,600

POTWS TREATING # 1 MGD

ALL REPORTED DISPOSED 

(ZEROS INCLUDED)

51.7 31.9 247 436 5,630

ALL REPORTED DISPOSED

(ZEROS EXCLUDED)

85.6 31.0 351 457 5,630

ALL LISTING LA AS A MAJOR

DISPOSAL PRACTICE

78 22.0 347 455 958
11

V. NSSS NATIONAL SUMMARY STATISTICS—DIOXINS, FURANS, AND DIOXIN-LIKE 

PCB TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES

This section is comprised of four subsections. Section VA describes how 2001 NSSS dioxin and dioxin

like compounds were measured. It also directs the reader to appendices that list descriptive statistics

across the 94 POTWs in the 2001 NSSS for each measured compound. Section VB presents tabulated

national estimates of TEQs from the 2001 NSSS. Since the proposed regulation includes testing

exceptions for POTWs that treat less than one million gallons of wastewater per day, Section VC reports

2001 TEQ descriptive statistics for POTWs treating less than one million gallons of wastewater and those

treating more than one million gallons. Finally, Section VD presents statistical tests of differences

between the national mean dioxin and furan TEQs from 1988 and 2001. 

VA. 2001 NSSS DIOXIN AND DIOXIN-LIKE CONCENTRATION DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Exhibits 1–3 in Appendix A present national summary statistics for 2001 NSSS pollutant concentrations. 

All units are ppt (or ng/kg). Dioxins and furans were measured using EPA method 1613B. PCBs were

quantified using EPA Method 1668A. Sample volumes were adjusted according to percent solids prior to

chemical analysis. 

For each pollutant and aggregated or total pollutants, the tables report pollutant type, unit of measure,

sample size, an estimate of the national percent detect, the observed maximum, and the 99th, 98th, 95th, 90th

and median percentiles estimated from empirical national, cumulative distributions of pollutant

concentrations. The column labeled “Sample Size” records the number of POTWs in the NSSS from

which data were used to generate the reported estimates.

The exhibits differ according to the method used to account for nondetected congeners. A congener is

considered a nondetection if it is not measured above the ML in a POTW’s biosolids sample. 

Incorporating nondetected samples into national estimates is important because if they are excluded, then

estimates are biased high. Exhibit 1 reports national estimates that substituted the value zero for a

congener that was not measured above the ML. This set of estimates is the least conservative with respect

to the environment. Exhibit 2 records national estimates with one-half the ML value incorporated for

nondetected samples. Finally, the most environmentally conservative estimates are listed in Exhibit 3. 

These estimates incorporated a congener’s ML value for those samples from which the congener was not

measured above the ML.

The maximum observed value of 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD in the 2001 NSSS was 47.20 ng/kg. The 99th percentile

estimate from the empirical cumulative distribution of 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD is 5.09 ng/kg. Biosolids from 99

percent of the POTWs in 2001 measured 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD above the ML. PCB-126, which is the coplanar

PCB with the highest TEF of 0.1, was measured above the minimum value in 49 percent of the 2001

NSSS biosolids samples. The observed maximum ranges from is 503 ng/kg to 908 ng/kg for the

nondetection substitutions of zero and the ML, respectively. The exhibits demonstrate that most of the

congeners display large standard deviations. This indicates that the observed values of the congeners

vary widely.
12

VB. 2001 NSSS NATIONAL SUMMARY STATISTICS—DIOXINS AND DIOXIN-LIKE PCB

TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES 

Exhibits 4–6 in Appendix B present TEQ national summary statistics for 2001 NSSS pollutants. The

WHO-98 TEFs were applied to generate TEQs. All units are ppt or ng/kg. 

The convention applied for nondetections, as described in Section VA, were applied when estimating

TEQ summary statistics. Exhibit 4 records TEQ estimates with the value zero, entering a POTW’s TEQ

when a congener is not measured above the ML in a sample. Exhibits 5–6 present TEQ estimates that use

the values of one-half the ML and the ML, respectively, when a congener is not measured above the ML

in a sample.

Total TEQs estimates from Exhibits 4–6 are listed in the following table.

TABLE 5: 2001 NSSS National TEQ Estimates—Total TEQs

METHOD MEAN STD.

DEV.

MAX. 99TH % 98TH % 95TH % 90TH % 50TH %

TOTAL DIOXIN AND FURAN TEQS

 0 21.70 47.5 682.00 100.00 54..40 33.30 31.40 15.50

1⁄2 ML 21.70 47.5 682.00 100.00 54.40 33.30 31.60 15.50

ML 21.80 47.5 682.00 100.00 54.40 33.30 31.70 15.50

TOTAL COPLANAR PCB TEQS

 0 5.22 10.3 58.30 50.60 44.80 13.10 9.66 2.05

1⁄2 ML 9.87 14.0 58.30 55.10 54.50 49.40 19.20 6.04

ML 14.50 22.4 103.00 97.2 91.60 78.00 35.00 8.11

TOTAL DIOXIN AND DIOXIN-LIKE TEQS

 0 26.90 49.6 718.00 114.00 76.60 59.30 42.80 19.70

1⁄2 ML 31.60 50.0 718.00 115.00 80.10 73.50 55.10 23.40

ML 36.30 52.7 718.00 138.00 96.00 113.00 69.10 24.00

The coplanar PCBs exhibit more nondetections than the dioxin and furans. Therefore, their estimates are

more sensitive to substitution methods. The POTW with the maximum observed dioxin and furan TEQ is

not the same POTW with the maximum observed coplanar PCB. Appendix C presents the empirical

cumulative distributions for the 2001 TEQ estimates.
13

VC. 2001 NSSS NATIONAL DIOXIN AND DIOXIN-LIKE TEQS BY FLOW GROUP

Because Round 2 regulations provide a testing exception for those POTWs that process less than one

million gallons of wastewater per day, EPA evaluated TEQ summary statistics for this group of 2001

NSSS POTWs in comparison to those POTWs that treat more than one million gallons of wastewater per

day. There are 21 POTWs in the 2001 NSSS that treat less than one million gallons of wastewater per

day. These 21 sampled POTWs project to 4,854 POTWs in the Nation. The remaining 73 sampled

POTWs treat more than one million gallons of wastewater per day and project to 2003 POTWs in the

Nation. Table 6 presents TEQ statistics for this dichotomy of POTWs.

TABLE 6: 2001 NSSS Total Dioxin and Furan and Dioxin-Like PCB National TEQ Estimates—

POTWs By Flow Groups

METHOD ZERO FOR NONDETECTS 1⁄2 ML FOR NONDETECTS ML FOR NONDETECTS

ESTIMATE #1MGD > 1 MGD #1MGD > 1 MGD #1MGD > 1 MGD

MEAN 22.10 38.50 26.50 44.10 30.80 49.60

STD. DEV. 16.8 86.7 18.3 86.8 24.6 88.2

MAXIMUM 78.60 718.00 78.6 718.00 118.00 718.00

99TH % 71.80 401.00 76.40 403.00 109.00 406.00

98TH % 65.10 265.00 74.20 269.00 101.00 276.00

95TH % 46.00 62.60 67.10 94.80 77.00 134.00

90TH % 37.20 54.00 46.10 64.20 46.60 86.90

50TH % 19.90 18.90 22.90 22.60 23.80 25.80

These descriptive statistics illustrate the skewness of the empirical distribution of TEQs between POTWs

treating less than one million gallons of wastewater per day and those treating more than one million

gallons of wastewater per day. This is evidenced by the fact that the medians (50th percentiles) of the two

distributions of total TEQs are very similar. However, the mean and upper percentile TEQ estimates

from POTWs treating more than one million gallons of wastewater per day are higher than those that treat

less than one million gallons of wastewater per day. As anticipated, values in excess of 300 ppt are from

the POTWs that treat more than one million gallons of wastewater per day. 

The skewness of the empirical distributions of total dioxin, furan and dioxin-like TEQs for the POTWs in

the two flow categories is illustrated graphically on the next page. Appendix D presents the empirical

cumulative distributions.
14

.1 1 10 100 1,000 0

20

40

60

80

100

Empirical Cumulative Distributions

2001 National Sewage Sludge Survey

Total Dioxins/Furans/PCB TEQs

 Non detects substituted by Zero

.1 1 10 100 1,000 0

20

40

60

80

100

Empirical Cumulative Distributions

2001 National Sewage Sludge Survey

Total Dioxins/Furans/PCB TEQs

 Non detects substituted by half the Minimum Level

.1 1 10 100 1,000 0

20

40

60

80

100

Empirical Cumulative Distributions

2001 National Sewage Sludge Survey

Total Dioxins/Furans/PCB TEQs

 Non detects substituted by the Minimum Level

POTWs < 1 mgd

POTWs > 1mgd
15

VD. 1988 AND 2001 NSSS NATIONAL SUMMARY STATISTICS—DIOXINS AND DIOXIN-LIKE 

 PCB TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES

This section lists TEQ estimates from the 2001 NSSS next to those from 1988. Overlayed cumulative

distributions of the TEQs from the two NSSS surveys augment the tabulated national estimates. We also

present statistical tests of differences. Because coplanar PCBs were measured as aroclors in 1988, TEQ

estimates and statistical tests of differences are with respect to total dioxin and furan TEQs. That is,

coplanar PCB TEQs are not included in the estimates.

Before comparing results from the 1988 NSSS and the 2001 NSSS, the reader should notice that

differences do exist between the surveys. First of all, 13 years have elapsed between the studies. Given

that the treatment in a POTW is not expected to influence the amount of dioxins in biosolids, the amount

of dioxins could differ in the influent between the two studies because of the effective reduction of

pollutant loads facilitated by EPA’s effluent guidelines for industrial categories. Also, the samples for the

1988 NSSS were taken just prior to disposal. The biosolids samples from the 2001 NSSS were obtained

after secondary treatment. Chemical analytical methods between the two studies were the same. 

However, in the 1988 NSSS, congeners and aroclors were measured in samples of the same size. 

Recorded measures were then adjusted to dry weight using the sample’s percent solids. In the 2001

NSSS, percent solids in the sample were measured first and then the sample aliquot was adjusted prior to

measurement. Graphical presentations included in this section suggest that dioxin TEQs from the 1988

and 2001 NSSS are not identically distributed. 

Side-by-side TEQ estimates using the WHO-98 TEQ factors are presented for total dioxin and furans. 

Additionally, the graphics stack overlaid cumulative distribution functions for each method of

incorporating nondetected values. The abscissa has been standardized across all graphics.

TABLE 7: Total Dioxin and Furan National TEQ Estimates

METHOD ZERO FOR NONDETECTS 1⁄2 ML FOR NONDETECTS ML FOR NONDETECTS

ESTIMATE 2001 1988 2001 1988 2001 1988

MEAN 21.70 46.50 21.70 67.30 21.80 88.20

STD. DEV. 47.5 153.0 47.5 153.0 47.5 157.00

MAXIMUM 682.00 1870.00 682.00 1870.00 682.00 1870.00

99TH % 100.00 450.00 100.00 453.00 100.00 466.00

98TH % 54.40 402.00 54.40 404.00 54.40 455.00

95TH % 33.30 301.00 33.30 303.00 33.30 340.00

90TH % 31.40 56.70 31.60 152.00 31.70 226.00

50TH % 15.50 5.68 15.50 34.20 15.50 52.40

Both the tabulated estimates and the graphical presentation of the empirical cumulative distribution

functions of total dioxin and furan TEQs suggest that the 1988 estimates are much more sensitive to the
16

method for incorporating nondetected values. This implies that there are more nondetections in the 1988

study than in the 2001 NSSS. The mean value of the 2001 NSSS is fairly consistent across substitution

methods while the mean from 1988 changes with each method. The graphics and estimates also indicate

that the 1988 NSSS is more variable than the 2001 NSSS. The greater variability in 1988 is illustrated by

both the sensitivity to handling nondetections which are on the low end of the distribution and the higher

extreme values at the upper part of the distributions.

Two POTWs in the 2001 NSSS exceed the Round 2 limitation of 300 ppt. Approximately 5 percent of

the 7,714 POTWs in 1988 would have exceeded the proposed Round 2 limitation of 300 ppt TEQs just

based on total dioxin and furan TEQ without the coplanar PCBs.

To apply statistical tests of differences, EPA created a variable to record for each POTW in both NSSS

surveys—the difference between 1988 and 2001 TEQs. Paired statistical tests of differences indicate that

total dioxin and furan TEQs are statistically different. The total mean TEQ from 1988 is statistically

higher than that from 2001. The attained significance value for these tests are p=(0.0203, 0.0002,

<0.0001) when zero, 1⁄2 ML, and the ML are substituted for congeners or aroclors not measured above the

ML in the sample. If tests of differences are viewed at the flow rate stratum level, it is usually the

POTWs treating one million gallons of wastewater per day or less that display statistically significant

differences, with the 2001 mean TEQ being statistically less than the TEQ mean from the 1988 NSSS. 
17

.000001 .00001 .0001 .001 .01 .1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 0

20

40

60

80

100

Empirical Cumulative Distributions for 1988 and 2001

National Sewage Sludge Surveys

Total Dioxins/Furans TEQs

 Non detects substituted by Zero

Using WHO set of TEQs

.000001 .00001 .0001 .001 .01 .1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 0

20

40

60

80

100

Empirical Cumulative Distributions for 1988 and 2001

National Sewage Sludge Surveys

Total Dioxins/Furans TEQs

 Non detects substituted by half the Minimum Level

Using WHO set of TEQs

.000001 .00001 .0001 .001 .01 .1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 0

20

40

60

80

100

Empirical Cumulative Distributions for 1988 and 2001

National Sewage Sludge Surveys

Total Dioxins/Furans TEQs

 Non detects substituted by the Minimum Level

Using WHO set of TEQs 2001

1988
18

VI. SELF-MONITORING DATA OVER TIME

Three POTWs submitted monthly dioxin, furan and dioxin-like PCB self-monitoring TEQs to the EPA.

Data from two POTWs span from 1999 through 2001. One of these POTWS reported TEQs for two of

their products. The third POTW reported self-monitoring TEQs from December, 1991 through October,

2000. At monthly intervals, the POTWs recorded the TEQ by congener or aroclor and total TEQs. 

Along with the congener/aroclor TEQ, the TEFs were reported. This section presents data conventions

and statistical results across time from each of these three POTWs.

Section VIA of this report characterizes the submitted self-monitoring data. Data conventions and

standardizations were applied to the self-monitoring data to ensure comparability across facilities and to

EPA’s NSSS. Section VIB details these conventions. TEQ estimates, using each of the three substitution

methods for aroclors or congeners that were not measured above the ML in a sample, are presented in

Section VIC. We tabulate estimates first for total dioxin and furan TEQs, then for total dioxin-like PCB

TEQs, and finally for total dioxin, furan, and dioxin-like PCB TEQs. These tabulated estimates are

augmented by graphical presentations of TEQs over time. Section VIC also provides a discussion of the

results.

VIA. SELF-MONITORING DATA

EPA received self-monitoring data in spreadsheets. Included in the spreadsheets were the monthly

indicators and TEQs at the congener/aroclor level. Also provided in the spreadsheets were listings of the

TEQ values used to generate TEQs. Table 8 provides a characterization of the submitted self-monitoring

data.

TABLE 8: Number and Type of Self-monitoring Data

SOURCE PERIOD OF TIME

MONTH/YEAR MONTHS

TEF

SOURCE*

TREATMENT OF

NONDETECTIONS

TOTAL TEQS

INCLUDE

POTW_1 12/91-10/00 90 WHO-94 1⁄2*MDL DIOXIN AND

FURANS ONLY

POTW_2 7/99 -5/01 24 WHO-98 0 D/F 7/99-1/00

D/F/PCB -2/00

MILORGANITE 4/99-6/01 17 WHO-98^ 0 D/F/PCBS

AGRI-LIFE 10/99-7/01 14 WHO-98^ 0 D/F/PCBS

* Please notice that the difference between the WHO-94 and WHO-98 TEQ factors occurs for 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD. The WHO-94

factor is 0.5 while the WHO-98 factor is 1.0. 

^ Milorganite and Agri-Life TEQs were calculated with modified WHO-98 TEFs. The difference is that OCDD and OCDF are

weighted as 0.001—which is the WHO-94 weight not the WHO-98 factor which is 0.0001.
19

VIB. DATA CONVENTIONS APPLIED TO SELF-MONITORING DATA

To facilitate comparability of these self monitoring data to each other and to EPA’s NSSS, EPA

standardized TEQs to use the WHO-98 TEQs reported by Van den Berg et. al. These TEFs are recorded

on Table 3 of this report. 

Across self-monitoring data submitted to EPA, the convention for incorporated congeners or aroclors that

were not measured about the ML was inconsistent. Congeners or aroclor that are not measured about the

ML in a sample are referred to as “censored or nondetects.” The following paragraphs delineate how

each POTW recorded censored data and EPA’s technical approach to determining the MLs for each set of

self-monitoring data.

POTW_1 reported monthly TEQs by congener or aroclor. The spreadsheets also listed TEFs. Cell

entries recorded in red indicated that the TEQ was censored and that one-half the ML was used to derive

the congener’s TEQ. Cell entries recorded in blue indicated that the TEQ was derived from a congener

measurement that was above the ML. These blue TEQs are “non-censored.” Thus, for the red cell entries

indicating censored TEQs, the EPA applied the following relationship to determine the ML.

If TEQ ML TEF then

ML TEQ TEF

i ii

ii i

=

=

1 2

2

/ *

*/ .

These MLs were determined electronically and added to the POTW_1 database.

POTW_2 recorded the ML, the measured concentration, and the TEQ by congener for each month. 

Milorganite and Agri-Life are products produced by the third POTW. Spreadsheets for these products

indicated that the value zero was used for monthly censored congener TEQs. To determine MLs in these

instances, EPA obtained their contract analytical laboratory sheets for each monthly analysis. ML values

from the laboratory sheets were entered into an electronic database for censored data.

Once TEFs had been standardized and MLs were electronically available for the three POTWs, EPA

created three sets of TEQs by congener/aroclor for each POTW. The sets differed only by the values used

when data were censored. Congeners or aroclors measured above the ML in a sample are treated

identically in all three sets of data. That is, the measured concentration of the congener is multiplied by

the congener’s TEF to yield the monthly congener TEQ. In the first set, the value of the censored

congener’s ML was multiplied by the congener’s TEF to determine a TEQ. Estimates using this method

are labeled as “Nondetects set to ML”. The second method set nondetected congener values to one-half

the ML. These estimates are labeled “1⁄2 ML.” The final set of TEQs set nondetected congeners/aroclors

to zero. Total monthly TEQs for each facility were then determined by summing the congener/aroclor

TEQs for that month. This method is described in Section IIIB of this report.

VIC. SELF-MONITORING SUMMARY STATISTICS—DIOXINS, FURANS, AND DIOXIN-LIKE

PCB TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES

In order to evaluate performance across the three POTWs, in this section of the report we present total

TEQ estimates first for total dioxins and furans, then for total dioxin-like PCBs, and finally for total

dioxin/furan and dioxin-like PCBs TEQs. Within each set of total estimates, we tabulate mean, median,
20

maximum, and upper percentile estimates of TEQs for the three POTWs. The tables presenting the data

are grouped by the method designating the values used for nondetected or censored data. These statistics

were generated arithmetically. Graphical presentations augment each table.

Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs

Tables 9 though 11 present summary statistics for total dioxin and furan TEQs for each of the three

POTWs. Table 9 reports TEQ statistics when nondetected data have been set to zero. In that instance, the

nondetected or censored congener/aroclor does not add to the TEQ. Table 10 presents estimates that

incorporate one-half the ML value for those congeners not measured in a sample. Finally, estimates that

use the ML value for censored data are tabulated in Table 11.

Consistently, POTW_1's statistics exceed those of the other two POTWs. In particular, Table 9 shows a

maximum value for POTW_1 approximately four-fold higher than that of the other POTWs. In Table 9,

only detected congeners or aroclors contribute to the TEQ as the value zero is used for censored data. 

The maximum value for the scenario where zero is substituted for the concentration when a congener or

aroclor is not measured above the ML occurred in November 1992. That maximum value was

predominantly caused by a high measured value for OCDD. For POTW_1, all values from March 1992

through May 1993 report total dioxin and furan TEQs of 100 ppt or greater. Four exceed 200 ppt. 

POTW_1 reported total dioxin and furan TEQs of 100 or more in only in 3 months out of 75 months (4

percent) after May 1993. These occurred in July 1993 (133 ppt), November 1994 (107ppt), and May

1995 ( 174 ppt). After May 1995, the highest total dioxin and furan TEQ observed for the scenario of

entering zero for censored values is 77 ppt. This is more in range with the maximum TEQs observed by

the other POTWs. 

Tables 10 and 11 illustrate the same pattern as Table 9. When the ML is used for those congeners that are

not measured above the ML, the maximum TEQ recorded by POTW_1 is 325 ppt. This TEQ occurred in

November 1994, and was caused by a high measured value of OCDD. The November 1994 POTW_1

record is the only occurrence of total dioxin and furan TEQs exceeding the proposed limit of 300 ppt.

Total Dioxin-Like PCB TEQs

POTW_1 did not report dioxin-like PCBs. Tables 12, 13, and 14 record descriptive statistics for two

POTWs. The highest observed TEQ when nondetected aroclors are set to zero occurs in Agri-Life. This

value was measured in April 2000. A majority of the aroclors were measured above the ML in this

sample. When the ML values are substituted for aroclors not measured above the ML, the maximum

TEQ occurs at 45 ppt. This measurement was reported by Agri-Life in October 2001. The TEQ value for

this sample, when zero was substituted from those aroclors not measured above the ML, is 2.5. This

difference in TEQs from the same sample indicates that the majority of aroclors were not measured above

the ML. 

As Tables 12 through 14 suggest and the accompanying graphics illustrate, dioxin-like PCB TEQs are

fairly consistent over time. Milorganite displayed the least variation in TEQs while Agri-Life’s variation

in TEQs was the highest among the three POTWs.
21

Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-Like PCB TEQs

The maximum observed total TEQ occurs in November 1994. This value of 325 ppt is based on only

dioxin and furan TEQs, since POTW_1 did not report dioxin-like PCBs. For the other two POTWs, most

other total TEQ descriptive statistics are less than 100 ppt. After 1995, POTW_1's total TEQs are similar

to those reported by the other three POTWs. All three POTWs reported total TEQs that would require

them to monitor.
22

TABLE 9: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to Zero

METHOD POTW_1 POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 62.2 13.7 17.9 

STD. DEV. 59.1 11.5 16.3 

MAXIMUM 265.0 44.1 65.6 

99TH % 250.00 41.7 62.4 

98TH % 240.0 39.3 59.3 

95TH % 189.0 33.5 49.8 90TH % 152.0 30.2 32.4 50TH % 39.5 9.39 14.4 
23

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/01 

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_2

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN and FURAN TEQs Over Time

NonDetected Values set to ZERO

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
24

TABLE 10: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to 1⁄2 ML

METHOD POTW_1 POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 69.0 15.4 19.6 

STD. DEV. 58.6 11.0 16.5 

MAXIMUM 265.0 47.3 69.6 

99TH % 250.0 44.2 66.1 

98TH % 240.0 41.2 62.7 95TH % 208.0 33.9 52.2 90TH % 157.0 30.9 33.6 50TH % 46.1 11.6 15.2 
25

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/0

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN and FURAN TEQs Over Time

NonDetected Values set to 1/2 ML

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
26

TABLE 11: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to ML

METHOD POTW_1 POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 75.7 17.2 21.4 

STD. DEV. 60.9 11.0 16.8 

MAXIMUM 325.0 50.5 73.6 

99TH % 271.0 46.8 69.8 

98TH % 252.0 43.1 66.0 95TH % 209.0 34.4 54.7 90TH % 157.0 31.7 34.8 50TH % 53.3 12.4 17.1 
27

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/0

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN and FURAN TEQs Over Time

NonDetected Values set to ML

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
28

TABLE 12: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to Zero

METHOD POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 4.34 6.04 

STD. DEV. 3.35 2.19 

MAXIMUM 10.7 10.3 

99TH % 10.2 9.98 

98TH % 9.72 9.65 95TH % 8.18 8.67 90TH % 7.71 8.29 50TH % 5.03 6.15 

No PCB data exists for POTW_1
29

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/0

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

NonDetected Values set to ZERO

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
30

TABLE 13: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to 1⁄2 ML

METHOD POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 6.53 6.42 

STD. DEV. 4.18 1.74 

MAXIMUM 18.6 10.5 

99TH % 17.3 10.2 

98TH % 16.0 9.82 95TH % 12.2 8.73 90TH % 10.8 8.36 50TH % 5.91 6.18 

No PCB data exists for POTW_1
31

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/0

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

NonDetected Values set to 1/2 ML

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
32

TABLE 14: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to ML

METHOD POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 8.73 6.8 

STD. DEV. 7.93 1.6 

MAXIMUM 35.2 10.8 

99TH % 32.7 10.4 

98TH % 30.3 9.99 95TH % 22.9 8.8 90TH % 14.2 8.43 50TH % 5.95 6.56 

No PCB data exists for POTW_1
33

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/0

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

NonDetected Values set to ML

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
34

TABLE 15: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to Zero

METHOD POTW_1 POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 62.2 16.8 23.9 

STD. DEV. 59.1 13.2 16.7 

MAXIMUM 265.0 44.8 71.3 

99TH % 250.0 43.6 68.6 

98TH % 240.0 42.4 65.9 95TH % 189.0 39.7 57.7 90TH % 152.0 38.8 39.6 50TH % 39.5 14.0 19.5 
35

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/0

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN, FURAN and DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Tim

NonDetected Values set to ZERO

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
36

TABLE 16: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to 1⁄2 ML

METHOD POTW_1 POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 69.0 20.1 26.1 

STD. DEV. 58.6 14.0 16.8 

MAXIMUM 265.0 58.0 75.4 

99TH % 250.0 54.0 72.3 

98TH % 240.0 50.1 69.3 95TH % 208.0 41.2 60.2 90TH % 157.0 39.6 40.8 50TH % 46.1 15.5 21.6 
37

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/01 1/02

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_2

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN, FURAN and DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

NonDetected Values set to 1/2 ML

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
38

TABLE 17: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs 

Nondetected Values Set to ML

METHOD POTW_1 POTW_2 MILORGANITE 

ESTIMATE

MEAN 75.7 23.4 28.2 

STD. DEV. 60.9 16.0 17.0 

MAXIMUM 325.0 71.3 79.4 

99TH % 271.0 67.4 76.0 

98TH % 252.0 63.5 72.7 95TH % 209.0 52.7 62.7 90TH % 157.0 42.4 42.0 50TH % 53.3 18.1 23.1 
39

0

100

1/00 1/01

0

100200300400500600700

1/92 1/93 1/94 1/95 1/96 1/97 1/98 1/99 1/00 1/0

Agri-Life Milorganite POTW_1 POTW_

Year

Total TEQ (ppt)

TOTAL DIOXIN, FURAN and DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Tim

NonDetected Values set to ML

Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,POTW_2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.

41

APPENDIX A: NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES

FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY

Exhibit 1—Nondetects Set to Zero

Dioxin and Furans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

Exhibit 2—Nondetects Set to One-half ML

Dioxin and Furans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10

PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11

Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18

Exhibit 3—Nondetects set to ML 

Dioxin and Furans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19

PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20

Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-27
A-1

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

9

Perc

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 492.00 2060.00 24100.00 1520.00 1030.00 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 99 167.00 551.00 5150.00 3410.00 351.00 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 9.13 58.30 655.00 54.90 19.20 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 3.60 6.87 124.00 16.20 9.80 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 96 5.50 20.70 500.00 36.60 15.30 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 21.30 35.00 369.00 131.00 66.00 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.21 25.20 618.00 24.10 13.90 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 11.80 19.80 332.00 52.80 35.70 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 20 0.27 2.50 54.40 2.63 -0.05 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.76 5.69 92.00 14.60 13.10 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 93 1.37 7.28 189.00 6.71 4.05 2,3,4,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 6.03 38.70 974.00 31.10 12.60 2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 2.61 17.70 463.00 7.61 7.26 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.41 1.50 47.20 5.09 4.86 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 3.11 3.93 79.70 10.60 10.50 OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 6780.00 39100.00 457000.00 14300.00 12800.00 7OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 802.00 3890.00 37800.00 19000.00 1910.00 

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure-Nondetects Set to ze

group=Dioxins and Furans
A-2

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

P

DECACHLORO BIPHENYL NG/KG 94 6857 100 862.00 2260.00 12800.00 10000.00 7290.00 PCB-1 NG/KG 94 6857 95 101.00 521.00 12700.00 1150.00 376.00 PCB-10 NG/KG 94 6857 85 19.50 53.20 722.00 225.00 84.80 PCB-103 NG/KG 94 6857 98 60.10 159.00 3160.00 308.00 293.00 PCB-104 NG/KG 94 6857 9 2.97 16.40 474.00 52.20 48.80 PCB-105 NG/KG 94 6857 100 4570.00 7120.00 39200.00 33800.00 28300.00 PCB-106 NG/KG 94 6857 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PCB-107+PCB-124 NG/KG 94 6857 100 411.00 532.00 2810.00 2540.00 2270.00 PCB-109 NG/KG 94 6857 100 687.00 888.00 4700.00 4310.00 3920.00 PCB-11 NG/KG 94 6857 97 11400.00 337000.00 17500000.00 6910.00 6180.00 PCB-110+PCB-115 NG/KG 94 6857 100 12900.00 17400.00 93600.00 81600.00 69700.00 PCB-111 NG/KG 94 6857 2 0.23 4.10 106.00 3.49 1.39 PCB-112 NG/KG 94 6857 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PCB-114 NG/KG 94 6857 100 292.00 453.00 2500.00 2180.00 1870.00 PCB-118 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9870.00 12200.00 63600.00 58200.00 52800.00 PCB-12+PCB-13 NG/KG 94 6857 100 147.00 200.00 1670.00 1030.00 589.00 PCB-120 NG/KG 94 6857 65 8.92 28.90 575.00 64.20 63.60 PCB-121 NG/KG 94 6857 25 1.85 8.66 166.00 35.30 9.06 PCB-122 NG/KG 94 6857 99 141.00 256.00 1430.00 1210.00 984.00 PCB-123 NG/KG 94 6857 100 313.00 386.00 2140.00 1830.00 1520.00 PCB-126 NG/KG 94 6857 49 26.90 72.10 503.00 349.00 312.00 PCB-127 NG/KG 94 6857 80 20.80 24.50 241.00 95.90 95.70 PCB-128+PCB-166 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1780.00 2100.00 10100.00 9430.00 8770.00 PCB-129+PCB-138+PCB-160+PCB-163 NG/KG 94 6857 100 11900.00 13800.00 93800.00 63500.00 62700.00 PCB-130 NG/KG 94 6857 100 694.00 763.00 4170.00 3530.00 3410.00 PCB-131 NG/KG 94 6857 100 168.00 182.00 825.00 821.00 817.00 

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to z

group=PCBs
A-3

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

Per

PCB-132 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3670.00 4020.00 31700.00 17600.00 17400.00 1PCB-133 NG/KG 94 6857 100 145.00 169.00 2570.00 613.00 563.00 PCB-134+PCB-143 NG/KG 94 6857 100 594.00 660.00 4850.00 2940.00 2890.00 PCB-135+PCB-151+PCB-154 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3590.00 4430.00 56200.00 15900.00 15400.00 1PCB-136 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1380.00 1620.00 19500.00 6020.00 5710.00 PCB-137 NG/KG 94 6857 100 584.00 583.00 2610.00 2550.00 2500.00 PCB-139+PCB-140 NG/KG 94 6857 100 199.00 211.00 1650.00 898.00 880.00 PCB-14 NG/KG 94 6857 84 9.12 36.10 883.00 63.80 37.80 PCB-141 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2010.00 2420.00 22200.00 10500.00 9160.00 PCB-142 NG/KG 94 6857 0 0.00 0.08 2.10 0.00 0.00 PCB-144 NG/KG 94 6857 100 512.00 572.00 4320.00 2300.00 2140.00 PCB-145 NG/KG 94 6857 75 3.85 4.74 22.30 20.20 19.70 PCB-146 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1440.00 1610.00 20300.00 6140.00 5640.00 PCB-147+PCB-149 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8400.00 9950.00 107000.00 39100.00 35700.00 2PCB-148 NG/KG 94 6857 89 9.64 33.10 823.00 33.60 30.10 PCB-15 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1130.00 1460.00 12800.00 5460.00 3740.00 PCB-150 NG/KG 94 6857 98 12.30 25.10 591.00 42.80 42.70 PCB-152 NG/KG 94 6857 89 9.73 16.50 310.00 52.40 52.10 PCB-153+PCB-168 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9540.00 11100.00 109000.00 45700.00 41300.00 3PCB-155 NG/KG 94 6857 95 26.60 83.20 2010.00 184.00 58.20 PCB-156+PCB-157 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1540.00 1690.00 8200.00 7750.00 7460.00 PCB-158 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1150.00 1280.00 7760.00 5770.00 5250.00 PCB-159 NG/KG 94 6857 95 102.00 143.00 1540.00 600.00 559.00 PCB-16 NG/KG 94 6857 100 941.00 1750.00 17200.00 6590.00 3910.00 PCB-161 NG/KG 94 6857 0 0.10 2.73 71.40 0.00 0.00 

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to z

group=PCBs

(continued)
A-4

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

95th

Percentile

Per

PCB-162 NG/KG 94 6857 100 32.20 34.00 217.00 151.00 146.00 104.00 PCB-164 NG/KG 94 6857 100 754.00 925.00 6690.00 4310.00 4250.00 2240.00 PCB-165 NG/KG 94 6857 4 0.18 1.09 33.20 3.36 2.11 0.00 PCB-167 NG/KG 94 6857 100 455.00 506.00 2740.00 2390.00 2380.00 1340.00 PCB-169 NG/KG 94 6857 44 2.43 18.30 466.00 12.60 10.80 5.85 PCB-17 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1040.00 1820.00 16700.00 7270.00 3870.00 3850.00 PCB-170 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2090.00 3080.00 36100.00 13100.00 11900.00 6050.00 PCB-171+PCB-173 NG/KG 94 6857 100 677.00 988.00 12700.00 3780.00 3450.00 2490.00 PCB-172 NG/KG 94 6857 100 372.00 543.00 7240.00 2180.00 2010.00 1180.00 PCB-174 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2350.00 3330.00 42800.00 13100.00 12200.00 8310.00 PCB-175 NG/KG 94 6857 99 101.00 135.00 1890.00 474.00 449.00 402.00 PCB-176 NG/KG 94 6857 100 338.00 482.00 7000.00 1640.00 1610.00 1480.00 PCB-177 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1340.00 2010.00 27100.00 7290.00 6860.00 6040.00 PCB-178 NG/KG 94 6857 99 539.00 745.00 11000.00 2530.00 2510.00 2310.00 PCB-179 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1170.00 1590.00 22400.00 5490.00 5390.00 4930.00 PCB-18+PCB-30 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2040.00 3760.00 36100.00 14900.00 8140.00 6730.00 PCB-180+PCB-193 NG/KG 94 6857 100 5330.00 7970.00 109000.00 32400.00 31100.00 14300.00 PCB-181 NG/KG 94 6857 90 21.80 26.10 195.00 113.00 112.00 70.10 PCB-182 NG/KG 94 6857 78 9.21 15.30 317.00 39.90 38.90 30.90 PCB-183+PCB-185 NG/KG 94 6857 94 1680.00 2350.00 31100.00 8280.00 7880.00 7090.00 PCB-184 NG/KG 94 6857 100 64.30 166.00 3960.00 189.00 147.00 145.00 PCB-186 NG/KG 94 6857 1 0.03 0.31 5.10 1.39 0.00 0.00 PCB-187 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3290.00 4240.00 55800.00 14900.00 14800.00 13900.00 PCB-188 NG/KG 94 6857 7 0.55 4.61 111.00 8.55 5.67 3.99 PCB-189 NG/KG 94 6857 99 76.90 117.00 1440.00 502.00 455.00 212.00 

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to z

group=PCBs

(continued)
A-5

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

95th

Percentile

90t

Percen

PCB-19 NG/KG 94 6857 100 307.00 581.00 14800.00 3210.00 646.00 1170.00 91PCB-190 NG/KG 94 6857 100 451.00 675.00 7980.00 2720.00 2490.00 1630.00 80PCB-191 NG/KG 94 6857 100 84.80 123.00 1630.00 494.00 461.00 265.00 16PCB-192 NG/KG 94 6857 1 0.09 1.90 49.60 1.16 0.00 0.00 PCB-194 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1110.00 1560.00 19700.00 6570.00 6320.00 3220.00 249PCB-195 NG/KG 94 6857 99 422.00 650.00 8240.00 2660.00 2540.00 1470.00 79PCB-196 NG/KG 94 6857 100 649.00 874.00 12600.00 3320.00 3210.00 1850.00 150PCB-197+PCB-200 NG/KG 94 6857 100 262.00 302.00 4220.00 1090.00 1090.00 832.00 57PCB-198+PCB-199 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1770.00 2030.00 24400.00 7930.00 7730.00 5090.00 497PCB-2 NG/KG 94 6857 97 55.80 610.00 27100.00 169.00 142.00 102.00 7PCB-20+PCB-28 NG/KG 94 6857 100 5300.00 8320.00 48500.00 32600.00 30300.00 24600.00 1470PCB-201 NG/KG 94 6857 99 221.00 249.00 3430.00 811.00 807.00 786.00 53PCB-202 NG/KG 94 6857 100 490.00 455.00 4570.00 1590.00 1570.00 1520.00 130PCB-203 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1070.00 1220.00 14400.00 4560.00 4440.00 3500.00 288PCB-204 NG/KG 94 6857 25 0.74 3.27 73.40 4.82 4.64 3.29 PCB-205 NG/KG 94 6857 99 57.60 91.70 1310.00 366.00 342.00 188.00 11PCB-206 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1050.00 1440.00 7690.00 7220.00 6750.00 3000.00 185PCB-207 NG/KG 94 6857 100 127.00 141.00 943.00 653.00 614.00 356.00 27PCB-208 NG/KG 94 6857 100 412.00 620.00 3450.00 2980.00 2510.00 985.00 66PCB-209 NG/KG 94 6857 100 862.00 2260.00 12800.00 10000.00 7290.00 1490.00 92PCB-21+PCB-33 NG/KG 94 6857 100 999.00 2230.00 22700.00 9080.00 3350.00 2540.00 233PCB-22 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1520.00 2350.00 17800.00 8640.00 8390.00 4830.00 404PCB-23 NG/KG 94 6857 50 4.52 32.80 844.00 42.10 16.80 14.00 PCB-24 NG/KG 94 6857 93 28.00 57.60 962.00 221.00 96.10 80.30 5PCB-25 NG/KG 94 6857 100 299.00 462.00 2930.00 1890.00 1880.00 896.00 83

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to z

group=PCBs

(continued)
A-6

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to z

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTILE

PER

PCB-26+PCB-29 NG/KG 94 6857 100 641.00 1010.00 8170.00 3770.00 3060.00 2210.00 PCB-27 NG/KG 94 6857 100 202.00 304.00 2140.00 1630.00 915.00 902.00 PCB-3 NG/KG 94 6857 99 118.00 227.00 3670.00 643.00 616.00 502.00 PCB-31 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3840.00 5720.00 46100.00 17900.00 16100.00 13400.00 1PCB-32 NG/KG 94 6857 100 882.00 1420.00 10400.00 4710.00 4640.00 3880.00 PCB-34 NG/KG 94 6857 74 12.40 23.00 196.00 95.40 90.70 47.90 PCB-35 NG/KG 94 6857 100 242.00 1200.00 44500.00 727.00 532.00 434.00 PCB-36 NG/KG 94 6857 100 66.00 52.00 523.00 176.00 173.00 155.00 PCB-37 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1430.00 2430.00 12200.00 11500.00 10800.00 4900.00 PCB-38 NG/KG 94 6857 36 3.93 13.00 124.00 57.30 48.60 21.70 PCB-39 NG/KG 94 6857 99 30.10 48.80 255.00 234.00 230.00 103.00 PCB-4 NG/KG 94 6857 96 447.00 1230.00 13700.00 5030.00 2300.00 1530.00 PCB-40+PCB-41+PCB-71 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3560.00 7690.00 41400.00 35200.00 29100.00 12500.00 PCB-42 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1870.00 4210.00 22700.00 19200.00 15600.00 7100.00 PCB-43 NG/KG 94 6857 96 223.00 392.00 1860.00 1850.00 1830.00 1080.00 PCB-44+PCB-47+PCB-65 NG/KG 94 6857 100 7180.00 14300.00 76300.00 65100.00 53900.00 26300.00 1PCB-45+PCB-51 NG/KG 94 6857 100 998.00 1760.00 9960.00 8290.00 8280.00 3870.00 PCB-46 NG/KG 94 6857 100 349.00 641.00 3180.00 3140.00 3090.00 1440.00 PCB-48 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1060.00 1870.00 9110.00 9010.00 8910.00 3920.00 PCB-49+PCB-69 NG/KG 94 6857 100 4270.00 8670.00 46200.00 39500.00 32800.00 15900.00 PCB-5 NG/KG 94 6857 66 18.00 48.70 492.00 216.00 75.10 67.00 PCB-50+PCB-53 NG/KG 94 6857 100 786.00 1480.00 7240.00 7010.00 6770.00 3720.00 PCB-52 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9640.00 15700.00 81200.00 71900.00 62600.00 33700.00 1PCB-54 NG/KG 94 6857 91 14.40 71.30 2980.00 86.90 83.50 62.60 PCB-55 NG/KG 94 6857 77 50.90 67.60 387.00 232.00 225.00 195.00 
A-7

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

95th

Percentil

PCB-56 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3440.00 9470.00 52800.00 41900.00 30900.00 9330.0PCB-57 NG/KG 94 6857 71 16.70 32.20 175.00 140.00 134.00 92.8PCB-58 NG/KG 94 6857 45 9.21 25.20 128.00 108.00 88.20 52.2PCB-59+PCB-62+PCB-75 NG/KG 94 6857 100 548.00 1100.00 5860.00 5100.00 4340.00 2160.0PCB-6 NG/KG 94 6857 92 182.00 473.00 4910.00 1970.00 689.00 644.0PCB-60 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1720.00 4310.00 24000.00 19400.00 14800.00 4600.0PCB-61+PCB-70+PCB-74+PCB-76 NG/KG 94 6857 100 12700.00 23800.00 129000.00 111000.00 93800.00 41700.0PCB-63 NG/KG 94 6857 100 268.00 549.00 2960.00 2530.00 2090.00 1060.0PCB-64 NG/KG 94 6857 99 3280.00 6890.00 37400.00 31400.00 25500.00 12100.0PCB-66 NG/KG 94 6857 100 7610.00 20400.00 113000.00 89500.00 65900.00 25300.0PCB-67 NG/KG 94 6857 100 146.00 241.00 1220.00 1160.00 1100.00 526.0PCB-68 NG/KG 94 6857 100 50.80 404.00 10600.00 164.00 159.00 108.0PCB-7 NG/KG 94 6857 97 59.20 359.00 9120.00 441.00 113.00 161.0PCB-72 NG/KG 94 6857 86 35.70 71.30 363.00 357.00 351.00 157.0PCB-73 NG/KG 94 6857 4 0.65 11.20 371.00 1.64 1.05 0.0PCB-77 NG/KG 94 6857 100 824.00 2480.00 23200.00 10700.00 7790.00 1910.0PCB-78 NG/KG 94 6857 32 3.33 7.05 117.00 16.00 15.40 14.0PCB-79 NG/KG 94 6857 100 131.00 183.00 981.00 880.00 778.00 322.0PCB-8 NG/KG 94 6857 93 696.00 2260.00 24600.00 8750.00 2660.00 1960.0PCB-80 NG/KG 94 6857 18 1.39 5.16 63.10 10.50 7.42 6.1PCB-81 NG/KG 94 6857 100 199.00 354.00 1980.00 1620.00 1260.00 399.0PCB-82 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1420.00 2310.00 12800.00 10800.00 8820.00 3220.0PCB-83+PCB-99 NG/KG 94 6857 100 6270.00 8630.00 46500.00 41700.00 36900.00 13800.0PCB-84 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2920.00 3610.00 18900.00 16800.00 14600.00 7440.0PCB-85+PCB-116+PCB-117 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2020.00 3120.00 17100.00 14500.00 12000.00 4480.0

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to z

group=PCBs

(continued)
A-8

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to z

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

PCB-86+PCB-87+PCB-97+PCB-108+PCB-119+PCB-125 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8200.00 11200.00 60300.00 52500.00 44800.00 PCB-88+PCB-91 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1440.00 1960.00 10500.00 9650.00 8800.00 PCB-89 NG/KG 94 6857 99 130.00 259.00 1450.00 1220.00 982.00 PCB-9 NG/KG 94 6857 96 60.00 156.00 1600.00 594.00 275.00 PCB-90+PCB-101+PCB-113 NG/KG 94 6857 100 11300.00 14100.00 71600.00 69300.00 67000.00 PCB-92 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1980.00 2270.00 13700.00 10300.00 9330.00 PCB-93+PCB-95+PCB-98+PCB-100+PCB-102 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8940.00 10700.00 53600.00 52900.00 52200.00 PCB-94 NG/KG 94 6857 93 53.30 90.90 1370.00 381.00 359.00 PCB-96 NG/KG 94 6857 99 72.10 107.00 643.00 544.00 520.00 
A-9

EXHIBIT 1 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to z

group=TOTALS 

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTIL

PCBA NG/KG 94 6857 0 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 520000.

PCBB NG/KG 94 6857 100 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 520000.TOTAL DICHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 14200.00 338000.00 17500000.00 61500.00 26500.00 12400.

TOTAL HEPTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 20000.00 28000.00 376000.00 108000.00 102000.00 69400.

TOTAL HEXACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 50700.00 58000.00 516000.00 243000.00 217000.00 153000.

TOTAL MONOCHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 275.00 1190.00 32500.00 2010.00 938.00 903.TOTAL NONACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 1590.00 2190.00 11800.00 10900.00 9910.00 4330.TOTAL OCTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 6040.00 7340.00 92900.00 28900.00 28000.00 18200.TOTAL PCBS NG/KG 94 6857 100 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 520000.

TOTAL PENTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 74100.00 97100.00 516000.00 457000.00 399000.00 174000.

TOTAL TETRACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 61000.00 125000.00 681000.00 576000.00 472000.00 213000.TOTAL TRICHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 19800.00 30400.00 244000.00 100000.00 84800.00 76900.

DIOXINSA NG/KG 94 6857 0 8320.00 45000.00 525000.00 37200.00 15300.00 9100.DIOXINSB NG/KG 94 6857 100 8320.00 45000.00 525000.00 37200.00 15300.00 9100.
A-10

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=Dioxins and Furans

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

P

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 492.00 2060.00 24100.00 1520.00 1030.00 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 99 167.00 551.00 5150.00 3410.00 351.00 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 9.13 58.30 655.00 54.90 19.20 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 3.61 6.87 124.00 16.20 9.80 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 96 5.53 20.70 500.00 36.60 15.30 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 21.30 35.00 369.00 131.00 66.00 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.21 25.20 618.00 24.10 13.90 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 11.80 19.80 332.00 52.80 35.70 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 20 0.84 2.51 54.40 4.12 2.73 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.76 5.69 92.00 14.60 13.10 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 93 1.51 7.28 189.00 6.71 4.05 2,3,4,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 6.03 38.70 974.00 31.10 12.60 2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 2.61 17.70 463.00 7.61 7.26 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.42 1.50 47.20 5.09 4.86 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 3.11 3.93 79.70 10.60 10.50 OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 6780.00 39100.00 457000.00 14300.00 12800.00 OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 802.00 3890.00 37800.00 19000.00 1910.00 
A-11

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=PCBs

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENT

DECACHLORO BIPHENYL NG/KG 94 6857 100 862.00 2260.00 12800.00 10000.00 7290.00 149

PCB-1 NG/KG 94 6857 95 101.00 521.00 12700.00 1150.00 376.00 20PCB-10 NG/KG 94 6857 85 21.60 53.20 722.00 225.00 84.80 5PCB-103 NG/KG 94 6857 98 60.10 159.00 3160.00 308.00 293.00 16PCB-104 NG/KG 94 6857 9 31.50 46.60 474.00 236.00 228.00 8PCB-105 NG/KG 94 6857 100 4570.00 7120.00 39200.00 33800.00 28300.00 1080PCB-106 NG/KG 94 6857 0 3.28 4.94 24.50 23.20 21.80 1PCB-107+PCB-124 NG/KG 94 6857 100 411.00 532.00 2810.00 2540.00 2270.00 104PCB-109 NG/KG 94 6857 100 687.00 888.00 4700.00 4310.00 3920.00 172PCB-11 NG/KG 94 6857 97 11400.00 337000.00 17500000.00 6910.00 6180.00 386PCB-110+PCB-115 NG/KG 94 6857 100 12900.00 17400.00 93600.00 81600.00 69700.00 2900PCB-111 NG/KG 94 6857 2 3.78 6.50 106.00 24.40 24.30 2PCB-112 NG/KG 94 6857 0 7.20 10.40 49.00 46.30 43.70 4PCB-114 NG/KG 94 6857 100 292.00 453.00 2500.00 2180.00 1870.00 67PCB-118 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9870.00 12200.00 63600.00 58200.00 52800.00 2470PCB-12+PCB-13 NG/KG 94 6857 100 149.00 220.00 5000.00 1070.00 589.00 452PCB-120 NG/KG 94 6857 65 13.40 29.50 575.00 64.20 63.60 4PCB-121 NG/KG 94 6857 25 7.73 12.70 166.00 47.70 45.00 4PCB-122 NG/KG 94 6857 99 141.00 256.00 1430.00 1210.00 984.00 29PCB-123 NG/KG 94 6857 100 313.00 386.00 2140.00 1830.00 1520.00 67PCB-126 NG/KG 94 6857 49 73.30 117.00 503.00 467.00 441.00 40PCB-127 NG/KG 94 6857 80 22.40 23.60 241.00 95.90 95.70 6PCB-128+PCB-166 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1780.00 2100.00 10100.00 9430.00 8770.00 546PCB-129+PCB-138+PCB-160+PCB-163 NG/KG 94 6857 100 11900.00 13800.00 93800.00 63500.00 62700.00 3420PCB-130 NG/KG 94 6857 100 694.00 763.00 4170.00 3530.00 3410.00 188PCB-131 NG/KG 94 6857 100 168.00 182.00 825.00 821.00 817.00 502
A-12

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

95th

Percentile

PCB-132 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3670.00 4020.00 31700.00 17600.00 17400.00 10100.00 PCB-133 NG/KG 94 6857 100 145.00 169.00 2570.00 613.00 563.00 419.00 PCB-134+PCB-143 NG/KG 94 6857 100 594.00 660.00 4850.00 2940.00 2890.00 1550.00 PCB-135+PCB-151+PCB-154 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3590.00 4430.00 56200.00 15900.00 15400.00 13900.00 PCB-136 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1380.00 1620.00 19500.00 6020.00 5710.00 4770.00 PCB-137 NG/KG 94 6857 100 584.00 583.00 2610.00 2550.00 2500.00 1780.00 PCB-139+PCB-140 NG/KG 94 6857 100 199.00 211.00 1650.00 898.00 880.00 583.00 PCB-14 NG/KG 94 6857 84 12.60 37.00 883.00 74.90 52.50 43.10 PCB-141 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2010.00 2420.00 22200.00 10500.00 9160.00 5110.00 PCB-142 NG/KG 94 6857 0 6.30 9.44 49.00 46.30 43.70 19.80 PCB-144 NG/KG 94 6857 100 512.00 572.00 4320.00 2300.00 2140.00 1840.00 PCB-145 NG/KG 94 6857 75 7.69 10.30 49.00 46.30 43.70 21.80 PCB-146 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1440.00 1610.00 20300.00 6140.00 5640.00 4430.00 PCB-147+PCB-149 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8400.00 9950.00 107000.00 39100.00 35700.00 29100.00 PCB-148 NG/KG 94 6857 89 13.10 33.90 823.00 48.30 47.10 39.70 PCB-15 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1130.00 1460.00 12800.00 5460.00 3740.00 3570.00 PCB-150 NG/KG 94 6857 98 13.00 25.00 591.00 42.80 42.70 37.60 PCB-152 NG/KG 94 6857 89 11.30 16.50 310.00 52.40 52.10 27.80 PCB-153+PCB-168 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9540.00 11100.00 109000.00 45700.00 41300.00 31900.00 PCB-155 NG/KG 94 6857 95 26.70 83.10 2010.00 184.00 58.20 51.30 PCB-156+PCB-157 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1540.00 1690.00 8200.00 7750.00 7460.00 4620.00 PCB-158 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1150.00 1280.00 7760.00 5770.00 5250.00 3060.00 PCB-159 NG/KG 94 6857 95 103.00 143.00 1540.00 600.00 559.00 341.00 PCB-16 NG/KG 94 6857 100 941.00 1750.00 17200.00 6590.00 3910.00 2880.00 PCB-161 NG/KG 94 6857 0 6.39 9.76 71.40 46.70 44.10 20.80 

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=PCBs

(continued)
A-13

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

95th

Percentile

90

Perce

PCB-162 NG/KG 94 6857 100 32.20 33.90 217.00 151.00 146.00 104.00 PCB-164 NG/KG 94 6857 100 754.00 925.00 6690.00 4310.00 4250.00 2240.00 17PCB-165 NG/KG 94 6857 4 3.23 4.77 33.20 23.20 21.90 10.40 PCB-167 NG/KG 94 6857 100 455.00 506.00 2740.00 2390.00 2380.00 1340.00 9PCB-169 NG/KG 94 6857 44 3.67 18.30 466.00 12.60 11.30 8.97 PCB-17 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1040.00 1820.00 16700.00 7270.00 3870.00 3850.00 27PCB-170 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2090.00 3080.00 36100.00 13100.00 11900.00 6050.00 42PCB-171+PCB-173 NG/KG 94 6857 100 677.00 988.00 12700.00 3780.00 3450.00 2490.00 13PCB-172 NG/KG 94 6857 100 372.00 543.00 7240.00 2180.00 2010.00 1180.00 6PCB-174 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2350.00 3330.00 42800.00 13100.00 12200.00 8310.00 41PCB-175 NG/KG 94 6857 99 101.00 135.00 1890.00 474.00 449.00 402.00 1PCB-176 NG/KG 94 6857 100 338.00 482.00 7000.00 1640.00 1610.00 1480.00 5PCB-177 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1340.00 2010.00 27100.00 7290.00 6860.00 6040.00 22PCB-178 NG/KG 94 6857 99 539.00 745.00 11000.00 2530.00 2510.00 2310.00 8PCB-179 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1170.00 1590.00 22400.00 5490.00 5390.00 4930.00 18PCB-18+PCB-30 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2040.00 3760.00 36100.00 14900.00 8140.00 6730.00 41PCB-180+PCB-193 NG/KG 94 6857 100 5330.00 7970.00 109000.00 32400.00 31100.00 14300.00 93PCB-181 NG/KG 94 6857 90 22.30 25.90 195.00 113.00 112.00 70.10 PCB-182 NG/KG 94 6857 78 12.20 16.80 317.00 49.00 49.00 40.30 PCB-183+PCB-185 NG/KG 94 6857 94 1690.00 2350.00 31100.00 8280.00 7880.00 7090.00 30PCB-184 NG/KG 94 6857 100 64.30 166.00 3960.00 189.00 147.00 145.00 1PCB-186 NG/KG 94 6857 1 6.30 9.44 49.00 46.30 43.70 19.80 PCB-187 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3290.00 4240.00 55800.00 14900.00 14800.00 13900.00 55PCB-188 NG/KG 94 6857 7 29.30 45.30 245.00 232.00 218.00 81.70 PCB-189 NG/KG 94 6857 99 76.90 117.00 1440.00 502.00 455.00 212.00 1

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=PCBs

(continued)
A-14

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

95th

Percentile

90

Perce

PCB-19 NG/KG 94 6857 100 307.00 581.00 14800.00 3210.00 646.00 1170.00 PCB-190 NG/KG 94 6857 100 451.00 675.00 7980.00 2720.00 2490.00 1630.00 PCB-191 NG/KG 94 6857 100 84.80 123.00 1630.00 494.00 461.00 265.00 PCB-192 NG/KG 94 6857 1 3.22 5.04 49.60 23.40 22.00 10.40 PCB-194 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1110.00 1560.00 19700.00 6570.00 6320.00 3220.00 2PCB-195 NG/KG 94 6857 99 422.00 650.00 8240.00 2660.00 2540.00 1470.00 PCB-196 NG/KG 94 6857 100 649.00 874.00 12600.00 3320.00 3210.00 1850.00 1PCB-197+PCB-200 NG/KG 94 6857 100 262.00 302.00 4220.00 1090.00 1090.00 832.00 PCB-198+PCB-199 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1770.00 2030.00 24400.00 7930.00 7730.00 5090.00 4PCB-2 NG/KG 94 6857 97 55.80 610.00 27100.00 169.00 142.00 102.00 PCB-20+PCB-28 NG/KG 94 6857 100 5300.00 8320.00 48500.00 32600.00 30300.00 24600.00 14PCB-201 NG/KG 94 6857 99 225.00 249.00 3430.00 811.00 807.00 786.00 PCB-202 NG/KG 94 6857 100 490.00 455.00 4570.00 1590.00 1570.00 1520.00 1PCB-203 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1070.00 1220.00 14400.00 4560.00 4440.00 3500.00 2PCB-204 NG/KG 94 6857 25 5.80 9.48 73.40 46.80 44.10 16.60 PCB-205 NG/KG 94 6857 99 57.60 91.70 1310.00 366.00 342.00 188.00 PCB-206 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1050.00 1440.00 7690.00 7220.00 6750.00 3000.00 1PCB-207 NG/KG 94 6857 100 127.00 141.00 943.00 653.00 614.00 356.00 PCB-208 NG/KG 94 6857 100 412.00 620.00 3450.00 2980.00 2510.00 985.00 PCB-209 NG/KG 94 6857 100 862.00 2260.00 12800.00 10000.00 7290.00 1490.00 PCB-21+PCB-33 NG/KG 94 6857 100 999.00 2230.00 22700.00 9080.00 3350.00 2540.00 2PCB-22 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1520.00 2350.00 17800.00 8640.00 8390.00 4830.00 4PCB-23 NG/KG 94 6857 50 9.17 33.70 844.00 48.90 47.00 40.00 PCB-24 NG/KG 94 6857 93 31.10 110.00 5000.00 233.00 40.20 80.90 PCB-25 NG/KG 94 6857 100 299.00 462.00 2930.00 1890.00 1880.00 896.00 

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=PCBs

(continued)
A-15

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTILE

PER

PCB-26+PCB-29 NG/KG 94 6857 100 641.00 1010.00 8170.00 3770.00 3060.00 2210.00 PCB-27 NG/KG 94 6857 100 202.00 304.00 2140.00 1630.00 915.00 902.00 PCB-3 NG/KG 94 6857 99 119.00 227.00 3670.00 643.00 616.00 502.00 PCB-31 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3840.00 5720.00 46100.00 17900.00 16100.00 13400.00 1PCB-32 NG/KG 94 6857 100 882.00 1420.00 10400.00 4710.00 4640.00 3880.00 PCB-34 NG/KG 94 6857 74 15.90 23.40 196.00 95.40 90.70 49.20 PCB-35 NG/KG 94 6857 100 242.00 1200.00 44500.00 727.00 532.00 434.00 PCB-36 NG/KG 94 6857 100 66.00 52.00 523.00 176.00 173.00 155.00 PCB-37 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1430.00 2430.00 12200.00 11500.00 10800.00 4900.00 PCB-38 NG/KG 94 6857 36 6.47 13.30 124.00 57.30 48.60 24.50 PCB-39 NG/KG 94 6857 99 30.80 48.60 255.00 234.00 230.00 103.00 PCB-4 NG/KG 94 6857 96 447.00 1230.00 13700.00 5030.00 2300.00 1530.00 PCB-40+PCB-41+PCB-71 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3560.00 7690.00 41400.00 35200.00 29100.00 12500.00 PCB-42 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1870.00 4210.00 22700.00 19200.00 15600.00 7100.00 PCB-43 NG/KG 94 6857 96 224.00 391.00 1860.00 1850.00 1830.00 1080.00 PCB-44+PCB-47+PCB-65 NG/KG 94 6857 100 7180.00 14300.00 76300.00 65100.00 53900.00 26300.00 1PCB-45+PCB-51 NG/KG 94 6857 100 998.00 1760.00 9960.00 8290.00 8280.00 3870.00 PCB-46 NG/KG 94 6857 100 349.00 641.00 3180.00 3140.00 3090.00 1440.00 PCB-48 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1060.00 1870.00 9110.00 9010.00 8910.00 3920.00 PCB-49+PCB-69 NG/KG 94 6857 100 4270.00 8670.00 46200.00 39500.00 32800.00 15900.00 PCB-5 NG/KG 94 6857 66 21.80 48.60 492.00 216.00 75.20 69.40 PCB-50+PCB-53 NG/KG 94 6857 100 786.00 1480.00 7240.00 7010.00 6770.00 3720.00 PCB-52 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9640.00 15700.00 81200.00 71900.00 62600.00 33700.00 1PCB-54 NG/KG 94 6857 91 15.40 71.20 2980.00 86.90 83.50 62.60 PCB-55 NG/KG 94 6857 77 52.90 66.30 387.00 232.00 225.00 195.00 
A-16

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTILE

PCB-56 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3440.00 9470.00 52800.00 41900.00 30900.00 9330.00 PCB-57 NG/KG 94 6857 71 20.70 31.90 175.00 140.00 134.00 92.80 PCB-58 NG/KG 94 6857 45 14.20 25.60 128.00 108.00 88.20 55.20 PCB-59+PCB-62+PCB-75 NG/KG 94 6857 100 548.00 1100.00 5860.00 5100.00 4340.00 2160.00 PCB-6 NG/KG 94 6857 92 182.00 473.00 4910.00 1970.00 689.00 644.00 PCB-60 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1720.00 4310.00 24000.00 19400.00 14800.00 4600.00 PCB-61+PCB-70+PCB-74+PCB-76 NG/KG 94 6857 100 12700.00 23800.00 129000.00 111000.00 93800.00 41700.00 PCB-63 NG/KG 94 6857 100 268.00 549.00 2960.00 2530.00 2090.00 1060.00 PCB-64 NG/KG 94 6857 99 3280.00 6890.00 37400.00 31400.00 25500.00 12100.00 PCB-66 NG/KG 94 6857 100 7610.00 20400.00 113000.00 89500.00 65900.00 25300.00 PCB-67 NG/KG 94 6857 100 146.00 241.00 1220.00 1160.00 1100.00 526.00 PCB-68 NG/KG 94 6857 100 50.90 404.00 10600.00 164.00 159.00 108.00 PCB-7 NG/KG 94 6857 97 59.30 359.00 9120.00 441.00 113.00 161.00 PCB-72 NG/KG 94 6857 86 37.00 70.80 363.00 357.00 351.00 157.00 PCB-73 NG/KG 94 6857 4 6.55 14.20 371.00 47.30 44.60 18.70 PCB-77 NG/KG 94 6857 100 824.00 2480.00 23200.00 10700.00 7790.00 1910.00 PCB-78 NG/KG 94 6857 32 8.77 11.10 120.00 47.10 44.40 40.00 PCB-79 NG/KG 94 6857 100 131.00 183.00 981.00 880.00 778.00 322.00 PCB-8 NG/KG 94 6857 93 697.00 2260.00 24600.00 8750.00 2660.00 1960.00 PCB-80 NG/KG 94 6857 18 7.27 10.70 63.10 48.70 48.30 40.00 PCB-81 NG/KG 94 6857 100 199.00 354.00 1980.00 1620.00 1260.00 399.00 PCB-82 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1420.00 2310.00 12800.00 10800.00 8820.00 3220.00 PCB-83+PCB-99 NG/KG 94 6857 100 6270.00 8630.00 46500.00 41700.00 36900.00 13800.00 PCB-84 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2920.00 3610.00 18900.00 16800.00 14600.00 7440.00 PCB-85+PCB-116+PCB-117 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2020.00 3120.00 17100.00 14500.00 12000.00 4480.00 
A-17

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

PCB-86+PCB-87+PCB-97+PCB-108+PCB-119+PCB-125 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8200.00 11200.00 60300.00 52500.00 44800.00 PCB-88+PCB-91 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1440.00 1960.00 10500.00 9650.00 8800.00 PCB-89 NG/KG 94 6857 99 131.00 259.00 1450.00 1220.00 982.00 PCB-9 NG/KG 94 6857 96 60.10 156.00 1600.00 594.00 275.00 PCB-90+PCB-101+PCB-113 NG/KG 94 6857 100 11300.00 14100.00 71600.00 69300.00 67000.00 PCB-92 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1980.00 2270.00 13700.00 10300.00 9330.00 PCB-93+PCB-95+PCB-98+PCB-100+PCB-102 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8940.00 10700.00 53600.00 52900.00 52200.00 PCB-94 NG/KG 94 6857 93 53.90 90.60 1370.00 381.00 359.00 PCB-96 NG/KG 94 6857 99 72.10 107.00 643.00 544.00 520.00 
A-18

EXHIBIT 2 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 

group=TOTALS

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTIL

PCBA NG/KG 94 6857 0 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 520000.

PCBB NG/KG 94 6857 100 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 520000.TOTAL DICHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 14200.00 338000.00 17500000.00 61500.00 26500.00 12400.

TOTAL HEPTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 20000.00 28000.00 376000.00 108000.00 102000.00 69400.

TOTAL HEXACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 50700.00 58000.00 516000.00 243000.00 217000.00 153000.

TOTAL MONOCHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 275.00 1190.00 32500.00 2010.00 938.00 903.TOTAL NONACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 1590.00 2190.00 11800.00 10900.00 9910.00 4330.TOTAL OCTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 6040.00 7340.00 92900.00 28900.00 28000.00 18200.TOTAL PCBS NG/KG 94 6857 100 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 520000.

TOTAL PENTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 74100.00 97100.00 516000.00 457000.00 399000.00 174000.

TOTAL TETRACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 61000.00 125000.00 681000.00 576000.00 472000.00 213000.TOTAL TRICHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 19800.00 30400.00 244000.00 100000.00 84800.00 76900.

DIOXINSA NG/KG 94 6857 0 8320.00 45000.00 525000.00 37200.00 15300.00 9110.DIOXINSB NG/KG 94 6857 100 8320.00 45000.00 525000.00 37200.00 15300.00 9110.
A-19

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=Dioxins and Furans

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

9

PERC

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 492.00 2060.00 24100.00 1520.00 1030.00 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 99 167.00 551.00 5150.00 3410.00 351.00 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 9.13 58.30 655.00 54.90 19.20 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 3.62 6.87 124.00 16.20 9.80 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 96 5.56 20.70 500.00 36.60 15.30 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 21.30 35.00 369.00 131.00 66.00 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.21 25.20 618.00 24.10 13.90 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 11.80 19.80 332.00 52.80 35.70 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 20 1.41 2.66 54.40 6.43 5.46 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.76 5.69 92.00 14.60 13.10 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 93 1.66 7.32 189.00 6.71 6.08 2,3,4,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 6.03 38.70 974.00 31.10 12.60 2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 2.61 17.70 463.00 7.61 7.26 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.42 1.50 47.20 5.09 4.86 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 3.11 3.93 79.70 10.60 10.50 OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 6780.00 39100.00 457000.00 14300.00 12800.00 7OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 802.00 3890.00 37800.00 19000.00 1910.00 
A-20

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=PCBs

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95T

PERCEN

DECACHLORO BIPHENYL NG/KG 94 6857 100 862.00 2260.00 12800.00 10000.00 7290.00 14

PCB-1 NG/KG 94 6857 95 102.00 521.00 12700.00 1150.00 376.00 2PCB-10 NG/KG 94 6857 85 23.70 54.70 722.00 225.00 97.60 PCB-103 NG/KG 94 6857 98 60.10 159.00 3160.00 308.00 293.00 1PCB-104 NG/KG 94 6857 9 60.10 90.60 490.00 485.00 481.00 1PCB-105 NG/KG 94 6857 100 4570.00 7120.00 39200.00 33800.00 28300.00 108PCB-106 NG/KG 94 6857 0 6.56 9.88 49.00 46.30 43.70 PCB-107+PCB-124 NG/KG 94 6857 100 411.00 532.00 2810.00 2540.00 2270.00 10PCB-109 NG/KG 94 6857 100 687.00 888.00 4700.00 4310.00 3920.00 172PCB-11 NG/KG 94 6857 97 11400.00 337000.00 17500000.00 6910.00 6180.00 38PCB-110+PCB-115 NG/KG 94 6857 100 12900.00 17400.00 93600.00 81600.00 69700.00 290PCB-111 NG/KG 94 6857 2 7.33 11.00 106.00 46.70 44.10 PCB-112 NG/KG 94 6857 0 14.40 20.70 98.00 92.70 87.30 PCB-114 NG/KG 94 6857 100 292.00 453.00 2500.00 2180.00 1870.00 6PCB-118 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9870.00 12200.00 63600.00 58200.00 52800.00 247PCB-12+PCB-13 NG/KG 94 6857 100 151.00 273.00 10000.00 1070.00 589.00 4PCB-120 NG/KG 94 6857 65 17.80 33.80 575.00 95.60 92.20 PCB-121 NG/KG 94 6857 25 13.60 21.50 166.00 94.40 89.10 PCB-122 NG/KG 94 6857 99 141.00 256.00 1430.00 1210.00 984.00 2PCB-123 NG/KG 94 6857 100 313.00 386.00 2140.00 1830.00 1520.00 6PCB-126 NG/KG 94 6857 49 120.00 209.00 980.00 927.00 873.00 7PCB-127 NG/KG 94 6857 80 23.90 23.60 241.00 95.90 95.70 PCB-128+PCB-166 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1780.00 2100.00 10100.00 9430.00 8770.00 54PCB-129+PCB-138+PCB-160+PCB-163 NG/KG 94 6857 100 11900.00 13800.00 93800.00 63500.00 62700.00 342PCB-130 NG/KG 94 6857 100 694.00 763.00 4170.00 3530.00 3410.00 18PCB-131 NG/KG 94 6857 100 168.00 182.00 825.00 821.00 817.00 5
A-21

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTILE

P

PCB-132 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3670.00 4020.00 31700.00 17600.00 17400.00 10100.00 PCB-133 NG/KG 94 6857 100 145.00 169.00 2570.00 613.00 563.00 419.00 PCB-134+PCB-143 NG/KG 94 6857 100 594.00 660.00 4850.00 2940.00 2890.00 1550.00 PCB-135+PCB-151+PCB-154 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3590.00 4430.00 56200.00 15900.00 15400.00 13900.00 PCB-136 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1380.00 1620.00 19500.00 6020.00 5710.00 4770.00 PCB-137 NG/KG 94 6857 100 584.00 583.00 2610.00 2550.00 2500.00 1780.00 PCB-139+PCB-140 NG/KG 94 6857 100 199.00 211.00 1650.00 898.00 880.00 583.00 PCB-14 NG/KG 94 6857 84 16.10 41.30 883.00 104.00 94.90 80.20 PCB-141 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2010.00 2420.00 22200.00 10500.00 9160.00 5110.00 PCB-142 NG/KG 94 6857 0 12.60 18.90 98.00 92.70 87.30 39.70 PCB-144 NG/KG 94 6857 100 512.00 572.00 4320.00 2300.00 2140.00 1840.00 PCB-145 NG/KG 94 6857 75 11.50 20.40 98.00 92.70 87.30 41.70 PCB-146 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1440.00 1610.00 20300.00 6140.00 5640.00 4430.00 PCB-147+PCB-149 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8400.00 9950.00 107000.00 39100.00 35700.00 29100.00 PCB-148 NG/KG 94 6857 89 16.50 37.80 823.00 94.60 89.30 65.30 PCB-15 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1130.00 1460.00 12800.00 5460.00 3740.00 3570.00 PCB-150 NG/KG 94 6857 98 13.70 25.30 591.00 42.80 42.70 40.10 PCB-152 NG/KG 94 6857 89 12.90 18.10 310.00 52.40 52.10 47.90 PCB-153+PCB-168 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9540.00 11100.00 109000.00 45700.00 41300.00 31900.00 PCB-155 NG/KG 94 6857 95 26.90 83.10 2010.00 184.00 58.20 51.30 PCB-156+PCB-157 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1540.00 1690.00 8200.00 7750.00 7460.00 4620.00 PCB-158 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1150.00 1280.00 7760.00 5770.00 5250.00 3060.00 PCB-159 NG/KG 94 6857 95 103.00 143.00 1540.00 600.00 559.00 341.00 PCB-16 NG/KG 94 6857 100 941.00 1750.00 17200.00 6590.00 3910.00 2880.00 PCB-161 NG/KG 94 6857 0 12.70 19.00 98.00 92.70 87.30 42.60 
A-22

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTILE

90T

PERCEN

PCB-162 NG/KG 94 6857 100 32.20 33.90 217.00 151.00 146.00 104.00 5PCB-164 NG/KG 94 6857 100 754.00 925.00 6690.00 4310.00 4250.00 2240.00 178PCB-165 NG/KG 94 6857 4 6.29 9.46 49.00 46.30 43.70 20.10 PCB-167 NG/KG 94 6857 100 455.00 506.00 2740.00 2390.00 2380.00 1340.00 96PCB-169 NG/KG 94 6857 44 4.91 18.30 466.00 20.70 15.20 10.30 PCB-17 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1040.00 1820.00 16700.00 7270.00 3870.00 3850.00 277PCB-170 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2090.00 3080.00 36100.00 13100.00 11900.00 6050.00 425PCB-171+PCB-173 NG/KG 94 6857 100 677.00 988.00 12700.00 3780.00 3450.00 2490.00 133PCB-172 NG/KG 94 6857 100 372.00 543.00 7240.00 2180.00 2010.00 1180.00 66PCB-174 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2350.00 3330.00 42800.00 13100.00 12200.00 8310.00 411PCB-175 NG/KG 94 6857 99 101.00 135.00 1890.00 474.00 449.00 402.00 18PCB-176 NG/KG 94 6857 100 338.00 482.00 7000.00 1640.00 1610.00 1480.00 57PCB-177 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1340.00 2010.00 27100.00 7290.00 6860.00 6040.00 226PCB-178 NG/KG 94 6857 99 539.00 745.00 11000.00 2530.00 2510.00 2310.00 87PCB-179 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1170.00 1590.00 22400.00 5490.00 5390.00 4930.00 189PCB-18+PCB-30 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2040.00 3760.00 36100.00 14900.00 8140.00 6730.00 417PCB-180+PCB-193 NG/KG 94 6857 100 5330.00 7970.00 109000.00 32400.00 31100.00 14300.00 933PCB-181 NG/KG 94 6857 90 22.70 25.80 195.00 113.00 112.00 70.10 5PCB-182 NG/KG 94 6857 78 15.20 23.20 317.00 97.90 97.90 65.80 3PCB-183+PCB-185 NG/KG 94 6857 94 1690.00 2350.00 31100.00 8280.00 7880.00 7090.00 301PCB-184 NG/KG 94 6857 100 64.30 166.00 3960.00 189.00 147.00 145.00 11PCB-186 NG/KG 94 6857 1 12.60 18.90 98.00 92.70 87.30 39.70 1PCB-187 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3290.00 4240.00 55800.00 14900.00 14800.00 13900.00 556PCB-188 NG/KG 94 6857 7 58.10 90.60 490.00 463.00 437.00 153.00 5PCB-189 NG/KG 94 6857 99 76.90 117.00 1440.00 502.00 455.00 212.00 16
A-23

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTILE

90T

PERCEN

PCB-19 NG/KG 94 6857 100 307.00 581.00 14800.00 3210.00 646.00 1170.00 91PCB-190 NG/KG 94 6857 100 451.00 675.00 7980.00 2720.00 2490.00 1630.00 80PCB-191 NG/KG 94 6857 100 84.80 123.00 1630.00 494.00 461.00 265.00 16PCB-192 NG/KG 94 6857 1 6.35 9.59 49.60 46.70 44.10 20.90 PCB-194 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1110.00 1560.00 19700.00 6570.00 6320.00 3220.00 249PCB-195 NG/KG 94 6857 99 422.00 650.00 8240.00 2660.00 2540.00 1470.00 79PCB-196 NG/KG 94 6857 100 649.00 874.00 12600.00 3320.00 3210.00 1850.00 150PCB-197+PCB-200 NG/KG 94 6857 100 262.00 302.00 4220.00 1090.00 1090.00 832.00 57PCB-198+PCB-199 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1770.00 2030.00 24400.00 7930.00 7730.00 5090.00 497PCB-2 NG/KG 94 6857 97 55.90 610.00 27100.00 169.00 142.00 102.00 7PCB-20+PCB-28 NG/KG 94 6857 100 5300.00 8320.00 48500.00 32600.00 30300.00 24600.00 1470PCB-201 NG/KG 94 6857 99 228.00 253.00 3430.00 811.00 807.00 800.00 53PCB-202 NG/KG 94 6857 100 490.00 455.00 4570.00 1590.00 1570.00 1520.00 130PCB-203 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1070.00 1220.00 14400.00 4560.00 4440.00 3500.00 288PCB-204 NG/KG 94 6857 25 10.90 18.50 98.00 92.70 87.30 33.20 1PCB-205 NG/KG 94 6857 99 57.60 91.70 1310.00 366.00 342.00 188.00 11PCB-206 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1050.00 1440.00 7690.00 7220.00 6750.00 3000.00 185PCB-207 NG/KG 94 6857 100 127.00 141.00 943.00 653.00 614.00 356.00 27PCB-208 NG/KG 94 6857 100 412.00 620.00 3450.00 2980.00 2510.00 985.00 66PCB-209 NG/KG 94 6857 100 862.00 2260.00 12800.00 10000.00 7290.00 1490.00 92PCB-21+PCB-33 NG/KG 94 6857 100 999.00 2230.00 22700.00 9080.00 3350.00 2540.00 233PCB-22 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1520.00 2350.00 17800.00 8640.00 8390.00 4830.00 404PCB-23 NG/KG 94 6857 50 13.80 37.50 844.00 93.60 88.30 46.40 2PCB-24 NG/KG 94 6857 93 34.20 197.00 10000.00 233.00 40.20 80.90 5PCB-25 NG/KG 94 6857 100 299.00 462.00 2930.00 1890.00 1880.00 896.00 83
A-24

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=PCBs

(continued)

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION

OBSERVED

MAXIMUM

99TH

PERCENTILE

98TH

PERCENTILE

95TH

PERCENTILE

PER

PCB-26+PCB-29 NG/KG 94 6857 100 641.00 1010.00 8170.00 3770.00 3060.00 2210.00 PCB-27 NG/KG 94 6857 100 202.00 304.00 2140.00 1630.00 915.00 902.00 PCB-3 NG/KG 94 6857 99 119.00 227.00 3670.00 643.00 616.00 502.00 PCB-31 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3840.00 5720.00 46100.00 17900.00 16100.00 13400.00 1PCB-32 NG/KG 94 6857 100 882.00 1420.00 10400.00 4710.00 4640.00 3880.00 PCB-34 NG/KG 94 6857 74 19.40 27.70 196.00 98.00 97.30 92.50 PCB-35 NG/KG 94 6857 100 242.00 1200.00 44500.00 727.00 532.00 434.00 PCB-36 NG/KG 94 6857 100 66.00 52.00 523.00 176.00 173.00 155.00 PCB-37 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1430.00 2430.00 12200.00 11500.00 10800.00 4900.00 PCB-38 NG/KG 94 6857 36 9.02 15.20 124.00 60.50 56.20 45.40 PCB-39 NG/KG 94 6857 99 31.50 48.70 255.00 234.00 230.00 103.00 PCB-4 NG/KG 94 6857 96 448.00 1230.00 13700.00 5030.00 2300.00 1530.00 PCB-40+PCB-41+PCB-71 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3560.00 7690.00 41400.00 35200.00 29100.00 12500.00 PCB-42 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1870.00 4210.00 22700.00 19200.00 15600.00 7100.00 PCB-43 NG/KG 94 6857 96 224.00 391.00 1860.00 1850.00 1830.00 1080.00 PCB-44+PCB-47+PCB-65 NG/KG 94 6857 100 7180.00 14300.00 76300.00 65100.00 53900.00 26300.00 1PCB-45+PCB-51 NG/KG 94 6857 100 998.00 1760.00 9960.00 8290.00 8280.00 3870.00 PCB-46 NG/KG 94 6857 100 349.00 641.00 3180.00 3140.00 3090.00 1440.00 PCB-48 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1060.00 1870.00 9110.00 9010.00 8910.00 3920.00 PCB-49+PCB-69 NG/KG 94 6857 100 4270.00 8670.00 46200.00 39500.00 32800.00 15900.00 PCB-5 NG/KG 94 6857 66 25.60 50.90 492.00 216.00 147.00 86.30 PCB-50+PCB-53 NG/KG 94 6857 100 786.00 1480.00 7240.00 7010.00 6770.00 3720.00 PCB-52 NG/KG 94 6857 100 9640.00 15700.00 81200.00 71900.00 62600.00 33700.00 1PCB-54 NG/KG 94 6857 91 16.50 71.50 2980.00 86.90 83.50 62.60 PCB-55 NG/KG 94 6857 77 54.90 65.50 387.00 232.00 225.00 195.00 
A-25

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

95th

Percentil

PCB-56 NG/KG 94 6857 100 3440.00 9470.00 52800.00 41900.00 30900.00 9330.0PCB-57 NG/KG 94 6857 71 24.70 35.00 175.00 140.00 134.00 97.4PCB-58 NG/KG 94 6857 45 19.10 29.90 128.00 119.00 110.00 89.3PCB-59+PCB-62+PCB-75 NG/KG 94 6857 100 548.00 1100.00 5860.00 5100.00 4340.00 2160.0PCB-6 NG/KG 94 6857 92 182.00 473.00 4910.00 1970.00 689.00 644.0PCB-60 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1720.00 4310.00 24000.00 19400.00 14800.00 4600.0PCB-61+PCB-70+PCB-74+PCB-76 NG/KG 94 6857 100 12700.00 23800.00 129000.00 111000.00 93800.00 41700.0PCB-63 NG/KG 94 6857 100 268.00 549.00 2960.00 2530.00 2090.00 1060.0PCB-64 NG/KG 94 6857 99 3280.00 6890.00 37400.00 31400.00 25500.00 12100.0PCB-66 NG/KG 94 6857 100 7610.00 20400.00 113000.00 89500.00 65900.00 25300.0PCB-67 NG/KG 94 6857 100 146.00 241.00 1220.00 1160.00 1100.00 526.0PCB-68 NG/KG 94 6857 100 50.90 404.00 10600.00 164.00 159.00 108.0PCB-7 NG/KG 94 6857 97 59.30 359.00 9120.00 441.00 113.00 161.0PCB-72 NG/KG 94 6857 86 38.30 70.80 363.00 357.00 351.00 157.0PCB-73 NG/KG 94 6857 4 12.50 21.10 371.00 93.80 88.50 37.0PCB-77 NG/KG 94 6857 100 824.00 2480.00 23200.00 10700.00 7790.00 1910.0PCB-78 NG/KG 94 6857 32 14.20 20.30 122.00 93.40 88.10 80.0PCB-79 NG/KG 94 6857 100 132.00 183.00 981.00 880.00 778.00 322.0PCB-8 NG/KG 94 6857 93 697.00 2260.00 24600.00 8750.00 2660.00 1960.0PCB-80 NG/KG 94 6857 18 13.20 20.30 98.00 92.70 87.30 80.0PCB-81 NG/KG 94 6857 100 199.00 354.00 1980.00 1620.00 1260.00 399.0PCB-82 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1420.00 2310.00 12800.00 10800.00 8820.00 3220.0PCB-83+PCB-99 NG/KG 94 6857 100 6270.00 8630.00 46500.00 41700.00 36900.00 13800.0PCB-84 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2920.00 3610.00 18900.00 16800.00 14600.00 7440.0PCB-85+PCB-116+PCB-117 NG/KG 94 6857 100 2020.00 3120.00 17100.00 14500.00 12000.00 4480.0

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=PCBs

(continued)
A-26

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

PCB-86+PCB-87+PCB-97+PCB-108+PCB-119+PCB-125 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8200.00 11200.00 60300.00 52500.00 44800.0PCB-88+PCB-91 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1440.00 1960.00 10500.00 9650.00 8800.0PCB-89 NG/KG 94 6857 99 131.00 259.00 1450.00 1220.00 982.0PCB-9 NG/KG 94 6857 96 60.10 155.00 1600.00 594.00 275.0PCB-90+PCB-101+PCB-113 NG/KG 94 6857 100 11300.00 14100.00 71600.00 69300.00 67000.0PCB-92 NG/KG 94 6857 100 1980.00 2270.00 13700.00 10300.00 9330.0PCB-93+PCB-95+PCB-98+PCB-100+PCB-102 NG/KG 94 6857 100 8940.00 10700.00 53600.00 52900.00 52200.0PCB-94 NG/KG 94 6857 93 54.50 90.50 1370.00 381.00 359.0PCB-96 NG/KG 94 6857 99 72.20 107.00 643.00 544.00 520.0

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=PCBs

 (continued)
A-27

Pollutant Unit Sample

Size

POTWs Percent

Detect

Mean Standard

Deviation

Observed

Maximum

99th

Percentile

98th

Percentile

95th

Percent

PCBa NG/KG 94 6857 0 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 521000PCBb NG/KG 94 6857 100 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 521000TOTAL DICHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 14200.00 338000.00 17500000.00 61500.00 26500.00 12400TOTAL HEPTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 20000.00 28000.00 376000.00 108000.00 102000.00 69400TOTAL HEXACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 50700.00 58000.00 516000.00 243000.00 217000.00 153000TOTAL MONOCHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 275.00 1190.00 32500.00 2010.00 938.00 903TOTAL NONACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 1590.00 2190.00 11800.00 10900.00 9910.00 4330TOTAL OCTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 6040.00 7340.00 92900.00 28900.00 28000.00 18200TOTAL PCBS NG/KG 94 6857 100 249000.00 478000.00 18400000.00 1660000.00 1630000.00 520000TOTAL PENTACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 74100.00 97100.00 516000.00 457000.00 399000.00 174000TOTAL TETRACHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 61000.00 125000.00 681000.00 576000.00 472000.00 213000TOTAL TRICHLORO BIPHENYLS NG/KG 94 6857 100 19800.00 30400.00 244000.00 100000.00 84800.00 76900dioxinsa NG/KG 94 6857 0 8320.00 45000.00 525000.00 37200.00 15300.00 9110dioxinsb NG/KG 94 6857 100 8320.00 45000.00 525000.00 37200.00 15300.00 9110

EXHIBIT 3 : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to M

group=TOTALS
APPENDIX B: NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001

NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY

Exhibit 4—Nondetects Set to Zero

Dioxin and Furans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

Exhibit 5—Nondetects Set to One-half ML

Dioxin and Furans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4

PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5

Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6

Exhibit 6—Nondetects set to ML 

Dioxin and Furans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7

PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8

Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9
B-1

EXHIBIT 4 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SL

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set t

Dioxins and Furan TEQs

POLLUTANT UNIT

SAMPLESIZE POTWS

PERCENTDETECT MEAN

STANDARDDEVIATION

OBSERVEDMAXIMUM 

99THPERCENTILE 

98THPERCENTILE 

95THPERCE

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 4.92 20.60 241.00 15.20 10.30 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.67 5.51 51.50 34.10 3.51 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.09 0.58 6.55 0.55 0.19 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 0.36 0.69 12.40 1.62 0.98 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 96 0.55 2.07 50.00 3.66 1.53 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 2.13 3.50 36.90 13.10 6.60 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.52 2.52 61.80 2.41 1.39 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 1.18 1.98 33.20 5.28 3.57 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 20 0.03 0.25 5.44 0.26 0.06 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.76 5.69 92.00 14.60 13.10 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 93 0.07 0.36 9.45 0.34 0.20 2,3,4,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.60 3.87 97.40 3.11 1.26 2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 1.31 8.86 232.00 3.81 3.63 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.41 1.50 47.20 5.09 4.86 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.31 0.39 7.97 1.06 1.05 OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.68 3.91 45.70 1.43 1.28 OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.08 0.39 3.78 1.90 0.19 

Note : Three significant figures are reportedTEQs calculated with WHO-98 toxic equivalent factors 
B-2

EXHIBIT 4: NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLU

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set 

Dioxin-Like PCB TEQs

POLLUTANT UNIT

SAMPLESIZE POTWS

PERCENTDETECT MEAN

STANDARDDEVIATION

OBSERVEDMAXIMUM 

99THPERCENTILE 

98THPERCENTILE 

95THPERCENTILE

PCB-105 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.46 0.71 3.92 3.38 2.83 1.08 PCB-114 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.15 0.23 1.25 1.09 0.93 0.34 PCB-118 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.99 1.22 6.36 5.82 5.28 2.47 PCB-123 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.03 0.04 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.07 PCB-126 NG/KG 94 6857 49 2.69 7.21 50.30 34.90 3.57 6.82 PCB-156+PCB-157 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.77 0.85 4.10 3.88 3.73 2.31 PCB-167 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 PCB-169 NG/KG 94 6857 44 0.02 0.18 4.66 0.13 0.11 0.06 PCB-189 NG/KG 94 6857 99 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.05 0.05 0.02 PCB-77 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.08 0.25 2.32 1.07 0.78 0.19 PCB-81 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.04 

Note: Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs 
B-3

EXHIBIT 4 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SL

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set t

Totals

POLLUTANT UNIT

SAMPLESIZE POTWS

PERCENTDETECT MEAN

STANDARDDEVIATION

OBSERVEDMAXIMUM 

99THPERCENTILE 

98THPERCENTILE 

95THPERCENTILE

PCBA NG/KG 94 6857 0 5.22 10.30 58.30 50.60 44.80 13.10 

PCBB NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.22 10.30 58.30 50.60 44.80 13.10 

DIOXINSA NG/KG 94 6857 0 21.70 47.50 682.00 100.00 54.40 33.30 DIOXINSB NG/KG 94 6857 100 21.70 47.50 682.00 100.00 54.40 33.30 

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS NG/KG 94 6857 0 26.90 49.50 718.00 113.00 76.60 59.30 

a Composites considered a detect if all individual congeners or PCBs are measured above the minimum level. b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level. Note: Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs 
B-4

EXHIBIT 5 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SL

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 Minim

Dioxins and Furan TEQs

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE 

SIZE

POTWS PERCENT 

DETECT

MEAN STANDARD 

DEVIATION

OBSERVED MAXIMUM

99TH PERCENTILE

98TH PERCENTILE 

95TH PERCEN

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 4.92 20.60 241.00 15.20 10.30 7.43 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.67 5.51 51.50 34.10 3.51 2.31 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.09 0.58 6.55 0.55 3.57 0.09 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 0.36 0.69 12.40 1.62 0.98 0.80 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 96 0.55 2.07 50.00 3.66 1.53 1.01 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 2.13 3.50 36.90 13.10 6.60 4.39 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.52 2.52 61.80 2.41 1.39 0.84 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 1.18 1.98 33.20 5.28 3.57 2.28 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 20 0.08 0.25 5.44 0.41 0.27 0.17 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.76 5.69 92.00 14.60 13.10 12.00 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 93 0.08 0.36 9.45 0.34 0.20 0.15 2,3,4,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.60 3.87 97.40 3.11 1.26 0.82 2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 1.31 8.86 232.00 3.81 3.63 2.96 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.42 1.50 47.20 5.09 4.86 3.37 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.31 0.39 7.97 1.06 1.05 0.79 OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.68 3.91 45.70 1.43 1.28 0.78 OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.08 0.39 3.78 1.90 3.57 0.08 

Note : Three significant figures are reportedTEQs calculated with WHO-98 toxic equivalent factors
B-5

EXHIBIT 5 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE S

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 Mini

Dioxin-Like PCB TEQs

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE SIZE POTWS PERCENT DETECT MEAN

STANDARDDEVIATION

OBSERVEDMAXIMUM 99TH PERCENTILE 98TH PERCENTILE 95TH PERCE

PCB-105 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.46 0.71 3.92 3.38 2.83 1.08 PCB-114 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.15 0.23 1.25 1.09 0.93 0.34 PCB-118 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.99 1.22 6.36 5.82 5.28 2.47 PCB-123 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.03 0.04 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.07 PCB-126 NG/KG 94 6857 49 7.33 11.70 50.30 46.70 44.10 40.00 PCB-156+PCB-157 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.77 0.85 4.10 3.88 3.73 2.31 PCB-167 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 PCB-169 NG/KG 94 6857 44 0.04 0.18 4.66 0.13 0.11 0.09 PCB-189 NG/KG 94 6857 99 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.05 0.05 0.02 PCB-77 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.08 0.25 2.32 1.07 0.78 0.19 PCB-81 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.04 

Note: Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
B-6

EXHIBIT 5 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SL

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 Minim

Totals

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE SIZE POTWS PERCENT DETECT MEAN

STANDARDDEVIATION

OBSERVEDMAXIMUM 

99THPERCENTILE 98TH PERCENTILE 95TH 

PCBA NG/KG 94 6857 0 9.87 14.00 58.30 55.10 54.50 49.4

PCBB NG/KG 94 6857 100 9.87 14.00 58.30 55.10 54.50 49.4

DIOXINSA NG/KG 94 6857 0 21.70 47.50 682.00 100.00 54.40 33.3DIOXINSB NG/KG 94 6857 100 21.70 47.50 682.00 100.00 13.10 12.0

TOTAL

DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS NG/KG 94 6857 0 31.60 50.00 718.00 115.00 80.00 73.5

a Composites considered a detect if all individual congeners or PCBs are measured above the minimum level. b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level. Note: Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs 
B-7

EXHIBIT 6 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SL

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to Minim

Dioxins and Furan TEQs

POLLUTANT UNIT

SAMPLESIZE POTWS

PERCENTDETECT MEAN

STANDARDDEVIATION

OBSERVEDMAXIMUM 

99TH PERCENTILE 

98TH PERCENTILE 95TH 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 4.92 20.60 241.00 15.20 10.30 7.43 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.67 5.51 51.50 34.10 3.51 2.31 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.09 0.58 6.55 0.55 0.19 0.01,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 0.36 0.69 12.40 1.62 0.98 0.80 1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 96 0.56 2.07 50.00 3.66 1.53 1.01 1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 2.13 3.50 36.90 13.10 6.60 4.31,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.52 2.52 61.80 2.41 1.39 0.84 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 1.18 1.98 33.20 5.28 3.57 2.28 1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 20 0.14 0.27 5.44 0.64 0.55 0.34 1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 5.76 5.69 92.00 14.60 13.10 12.01,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 93 0.08 0.37 9.45 0.34 0.30 0.21 2,3,4,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.60 3.87 97.40 3.11 3.57 0.82 2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 1.31 8.86 232.00 3.81 3.63 2.92,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 99 1.42 1.50 47.20 5.09 4.86 3.37 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.31 0.39 7.97 1.06 1.05 0.7OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.68 3.91 45.70 1.43 1.28 0.78 OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.08 0.39 3.78 1.90 0.19 0.08 

Note: Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
B-8

EXHIBIT 6 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SL

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to Minim

Dioxin-Like PCB TEQs

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE SIZE POTWS PERCENT DETECT MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION OBSERVED MAXIMUM 99TH PERCENTILE 

98THPERCENTILE 

95THPERCENT

PCB-105 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.46 0.71 3.92 3.38 2.83 1.08 PCB-114 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.15 0.23 1.25 1.09 0.93 0.34 PCB-118 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.99 1.22 6.36 5.82 5.28 2.47 PCB-123 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.03 0.04 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.07 PCB-126 NG/KG 94 6857 49 12.00 20.90 98.00 92.70 87.30 74.40 PCB-156+PCB-157 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.77 0.85 4.10 3.88 3.73 2.31 PCB-167 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 PCB-169 NG/KG 94 6857 44 0.05 0.18 4.66 0.21 0.15 0.10 PCB-189 NG/KG 94 6857 99 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.05 3.57 0.02 PCB-77 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.08 0.25 2.32 1.07 0.78 0.19 PCB-81 NG/KG 94 6857 100 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.04 

Note: Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
B-9

EXHIBIT 6 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SL

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to Minim

Totals

POLLUTANT UNIT SAMPLE SIZE POTWS PERCENT DETECT MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION OBSERVED MAXIMUM 99TH PERCENTILE 

98THPERCENTILE 

9P

PCBA NG/KG 94 6857 0 14.50 22.40 103.00 97.20 91.60 7

PCBB NG/KG 94 6857 100 14.50 22.40 103.00 97.20 91.60 7

DIOXINSA NG/KG 94 6857 0 21.80 47.50 682.00 100.00 54.40 3DIOXINSB NG/KG 94 6857 100 21.80 47.50 682.00 100.00 54.40 3

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS NG/KG 94 6857 0 36.30 52.60 718.00 138.00 117.00 1

a Composites considered a detect if all individual congeners or PCBs are measured above the minimum level. b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level. Note: Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
APPENDIX C: EMPIRICAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF NATIONAL TOXIC

EQUIVALENTS FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY

Exhibit 1—Dioxin and Furan TEQs

 Nondetects Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Exhibit 2—Coplanar PCB TEQs

 Nondetects Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-13

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-16

Exhibit 3—Total Dioxin/Furan/Coplanar PCB TEQ

 Nondetects Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-19

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-22

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-25
C-1

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  dioxinsb 6345 682.295 1.00000  6377 466.154 0.99854  6437 121.347 0.99109  6346 93.147 0.98963  6407 63.323 0.98927  6389 56.211 0.98781  6429 56.021 0.98634  6385 55.213 0.98488  6434 53.927 0.97743  6421 49.325 0.97707  6350 46.046 0.96963  6347 45.426 0.96927  6435 36.335 0.96781  6353 36.151 0.96036  6352 34.828 0.96000  6431 34.776 0.95964  6361 34.764 0.95818  6340 34.342 0.95782  6355 33.308 0.95636  6418 33.068 0.92265  6424 32.124 0.92119  6393 31.005 0.88748  6411 29.418 0.85377  6369 28.828 0.84632  6420 28.580 0.83888  6402 28.172 0.83741  6349 27.781 0.83705  6357 26.661 0.83670  6395 25.977 0.83634  6351 25.533 0.82889  6382 25.401 0.79518  6433 25.007 0.79372  6430 23.669 0.76001  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-2

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  dioxinsb 6358 23.046 0.72630  6423 22.416 0.69259  6397 22.321 0.68515  6341 22.147 0.67770  6428 20.863 0.67624  6354 20.691 0.64253  6415 20.451 0.63508  6400 20.207 0.62763  6427 19.961 0.62019  6387 19.652 0.61872  6365 19.239 0.58501  6368 18.894 0.58355  6409 18.458 0.57611  6390 18.205 0.56866  6378 17.721 0.56720  6356 17.187 0.55975  6363 17.175 0.55230  6376 17.123 0.51859  6386 16.326 0.51115  6344 15.502 0.50370  6436 15.445 0.49625  6406 15.380 0.49479  6426 15.250 0.49333  6392 15.180 0.45962  6375 15.083 0.45217  6394 14.985 0.44472  6370 14.548 0.44326  6374 14.425 0.44180  6364 14.039 0.44033  6348 14.018 0.40663  6414 13.335 0.39918  6381 13.304 0.39772  6416 12.598 0.39625  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-3

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  dioxinsb 6404 12.487 0.36254  6413 10.863 0.35510  6380 10.684 0.35474  6338 10.196 0.32103  6342 10.167 0.31957  6373 10.100 0.28586  6405 10.074 0.28439  6410 9.832 0.28293  6401 9.399 0.27548  6360 9.033 0.27402  6339 8.929 0.26657  6379 8.421 0.25913  6419 8.339 0.25168  6396 8.007 0.24423  6372 7.515 0.23679  6359 6.742 0.22934  6383 6.302 0.22190  6384 6.267 0.18819  6425 6.093 0.18074  6371 5.708 0.14703  6391 5.429 0.14667  6367 5.000 0.11296  6366 4.449 0.07925  6412 4.237 0.04555  6399 4.060 0.04408  6403 3.628 0.04262  6343 2.713 0.00891  6438 2.171 0.00146  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-4

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  dioxinsb 6345 682.295 1.00000  6377 466.154 0.99854  6437 121.347 0.99109  6346 93.147 0.98963  6407 63.323 0.98927  6389 56.211 0.98781  6429 56.021 0.98634  6385 55.313 0.98488  6434 53.927 0.97743  6421 49.325 0.97707  6347 46.226 0.96963  6350 46.146 0.96816  6435 36.335 0.96781  6353 36.151 0.96036  6352 34.828 0.96000  6431 34.776 0.95964  6361 34.764 0.95818  6340 34.442 0.95782  6355 33.408 0.95636  6418 33.068 0.92265  6424 32.299 0.92119  6393 31.345 0.88748  6411 29.418 0.85377  6369 28.928 0.84632  6420 28.680 0.83888  6402 28.172 0.83741  6349 27.781 0.83705  6357 27.161 0.83670  6382 26.311 0.83634  6395 26.292 0.83487  6351 25.633 0.82743  6433 25.007 0.79372  6430 23.669 0.76001  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-5

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  dioxinsb 6358 23.046 0.72630  6397 22.651 0.69259  6423 22.416 0.68515  6341 22.197 0.67770  6354 21.291 0.67624  6428 20.993 0.66879  6415 20.551 0.63508  6400 20.307 0.62763  6427 20.061 0.62019  6387 19.752 0.61872  6365 19.339 0.58501  6368 18.994 0.58355  6409 18.558 0.57611  6390 18.305 0.56866  6378 17.821 0.56720  6356 17.287 0.55975  6363 17.275 0.55230  6376 17.223 0.51859  6386 16.326 0.51115  6344 15.602 0.50370  6436 15.445 0.49625  6406 15.430 0.49479  6392 15.280 0.49333  6426 15.250 0.48588  6375 15.208 0.45217  6394 15.085 0.44472  6364 14.969 0.44326  6370 14.598 0.40955  6374 14.525 0.40809  6348 14.118 0.40663  6414 13.435 0.39918  6381 13.304 0.39772  6404 12.707 0.39625  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-6

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  dioxinsb 6416 12.698 0.38881  6413 10.863 0.35510  6380 10.784 0.35474  6342 10.317 0.32103  6338 10.296 0.28732  6373 10.100 0.28586  6405 10.074 0.28439  6410 9.932 0.28293  6401 9.499 0.27548  6339 9.469 0.27402  6360 9.133 0.26657  6379 8.521 0.25913  6419 8.439 0.25168  6396 8.107 0.24423  6372 7.615 0.23679  6359 6.842 0.22934  6383 6.402 0.22190  6425 6.368 0.18819  6384 6.367 0.15448  6371 5.708 0.14703  6391 5.529 0.14667  6367 5.100 0.11296  6366 4.549 0.07925  6412 4.447 0.04555  6399 4.160 0.04408  6403 3.828 0.04262  6343 2.813 0.00891  6438 2.271 0.00146  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-7

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  dioxinsb 6345 682.295 1.00000  6377 466.154 0.99854  6437 121.347 0.99109  6346 93.147 0.98963  6407 63.323 0.98927  6389 56.211 0.98781  6429 56.021 0.98634  6385 55.263 0.98488  6434 53.927 0.97743  6421 49.325 0.97707  6350 46.096 0.96963  6347 45.826 0.96927  6435 36.335 0.96781  6353 36.151 0.96036  6352 34.828 0.96000  6431 34.776 0.95964  6361 34.764 0.95818  6340 34.392 0.95782  6355 33.358 0.95636  6418 33.068 0.92265  6424 32.211 0.92119  6393 31.175 0.88748  6411 29.418 0.85377  6369 28.878 0.84632  6420 28.630 0.83888  6402 28.172 0.83741  6349 27.781 0.83705  6357 26.911 0.83670  6395 26.135 0.83634  6382 25.856 0.82889  6351 25.583 0.82743  6433 25.007 0.79372  6430 23.669 0.76001  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-8

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  dioxinsb 6358 23.046 0.72630  6397 22.486 0.69259  6423 22.416 0.68515  6341 22.172 0.67770  6354 20.991 0.67624  6428 20.928 0.66879  6415 20.501 0.63508  6400 20.257 0.62763  6427 20.011 0.62019  6387 19.702 0.61872  6365 19.289 0.58501  6368 18.944 0.58355  6409 18.508 0.57611  6390 18.255 0.56866  6378 17.771 0.56720  6356 17.237 0.55975  6363 17.225 0.55230  6376 17.173 0.51859  6386 16.326 0.51115  6344 15.552 0.50370  6436 15.445 0.49625  6406 15.405 0.49479  6426 15.250 0.49333  6392 15.230 0.45962  6375 15.146 0.45217  6394 15.035 0.44472  6370 14.573 0.44326  6364 14.504 0.44180  6374 14.475 0.40809  6348 14.068 0.40663  6414 13.385 0.39918  6381 13.304 0.39772  6416 12.648 0.39625  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-9

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  dioxinsb 6404 12.597 0.36254  6413 10.863 0.35510  6380 10.734 0.35474  6338 10.246 0.32103  6342 10.242 0.31957  6373 10.100 0.28586  6405 10.074 0.28439  6410 9.882 0.28293  6401 9.449 0.27548  6339 9.199 0.27402  6360 9.083 0.26657  6379 8.471 0.25913  6419 8.389 0.25168  6396 8.057 0.24423  6372 7.565 0.23679  6359 6.792 0.22934  6383 6.352 0.22190  6384 6.317 0.18819  6425 6.230 0.18074  6371 5.708 0.14703  6391 5.479 0.14667  6367 5.050 0.11296  6366 4.499 0.07925  6412 4.342 0.04555  6399 4.110 0.04408  6403 3.728 0.04262  6343 2.763 0.00891  6438 2.221 0.00146  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-10

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  PCBb 6341 58.2748 1.00000  6358 55.5356 0.99854  6345 35.9509 0.96483  6407 27.3497 0.96336  6352 17.9937 0.96190  6346 17.1738 0.96154  6415 15.3819 0.96118  6355 13.1778 0.95374  6431 12.7402 0.92003  6420 12.1636 0.91857  6429 11.9929 0.91710  6353 11.6132 0.91564  6427 11.4289 0.91528  6350 11.0908 0.91382  6379 10.8286 0.91346  6349 10.7600 0.90601  6411 10.2258 0.90566  6347 9.4764 0.89821  6418 9.4080 0.89675  6357 9.2857 0.89528  6356 8.4721 0.89492  6426 8.2844 0.88748  6436 7.8358 0.85377  6438 7.5962 0.85231  6406 7.5883 0.85084  6361 7.4087 0.84938  6363 6.6916 0.84902  6338 6.2420 0.81531  6390 5.6103 0.81385  6400 5.5178 0.81238  6421 5.4393 0.80494  6342 5.4338 0.79749  6424 5.4020 0.76378  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-11

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  PCBb 6381 5.1200 0.73007  6364 4.6183 0.72861  6396 4.2000 0.69490  6410 4.1669 0.68745  6372 4.0763 0.68001  6385 3.9998 0.67256  6340 3.9313 0.66512  6369 3.7741 0.66365  6434 3.5951 0.65621  6370 3.5212 0.65585  6393 3.4290 0.65438  6389 3.3979 0.62067  6397 3.1042 0.61921  6348 2.9963 0.61177  6373 2.9424 0.60432  6377 2.8151 0.60286  6416 2.7198 0.59541  6360 2.6203 0.56170  6359 2.4876 0.55425  6386 2.4690 0.54681  6382 2.2176 0.53936  6387 2.0846 0.53790  6433 2.0547 0.50419  6339 2.0465 0.47048  6413 2.0184 0.46303  6384 1.9198 0.46267  6405 1.8972 0.45523  6383 1.8074 0.45376  6371 1.7598 0.42006  6394 1.7252 0.41970  6354 1.6298 0.41823  6366 1.5647 0.41079  6367 1.5436 0.37708  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-12

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  PCBb 6419 1.4653 0.34337  6395 1.4571 0.33592  6425 1.4513 0.32848  6437 1.3857 0.29477  6392 1.3756 0.29330  6409 1.3094 0.28586  6423 1.2799 0.27841  6402 1.1356 0.27096  6403 1.0939 0.27061  6374 1.0041 0.23690  6404 0.9365 0.23543  6401 0.9144 0.22799  6391 0.8375 0.22652  6344 0.7866 0.19282  6368 0.7716 0.18537  6375 0.7508 0.17792  6412 0.6892 0.17048  6399 0.6381 0.16901  6435 0.4606 0.16755  6351 0.4311 0.16010  6430 0.3940 0.12639  6414 0.2870 0.09268  6365 0.2761 0.09122  6343 0.2174 0.08976  6428 0.2133 0.08231  6376 0.0732 0.04860  6380 0.0569 0.04116  6378 0.0515 0.00745  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-13

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  PCBb 6364 102.716 1.00000  6385 84.000 0.96629  6369 83.774 0.95884  6359 82.568 0.95140  6341 58.275 0.94395  6358 55.536 0.94249  6404 42.444 0.90878  6345 35.951 0.90133  6339 34.910 0.89987  6407 27.375 0.89242  6340 23.941 0.89096  6352 17.994 0.88950  6346 17.174 0.88914  6395 16.733 0.88878  6415 15.432 0.88133  6424 14.036 0.87389  6355 13.178 0.84018  6348 12.996 0.80647  6373 12.992 0.79902  6431 12.740 0.79756  6416 12.730 0.79610  6420 12.164 0.76239  6413 12.018 0.76092  6429 11.993 0.76057  6405 11.897 0.75910  6371 11.760 0.75764  6366 11.615 0.75728  6353 11.613 0.72357  6367 11.594 0.72321  6419 11.515 0.68950  6425 11.451 0.68206  6427 11.429 0.64835  6437 11.396 0.64689  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-14

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  PCBb 6392 11.376 0.64542  6409 11.309 0.63798  6403 11.144 0.63053  6350 11.091 0.59682  6374 11.054 0.59646  6401 10.964 0.59500  6391 10.888 0.59354  6344 10.837 0.55983  6379 10.829 0.55238  6349 10.760 0.54493  6412 10.739 0.54458  6399 10.688 0.54311  6343 10.267 0.54165  6411 10.226 0.53420  6347 9.476 0.52676  6418 9.433 0.52529  6357 9.336 0.52383  6370 8.521 0.52347  6356 8.472 0.52201  6426 8.284 0.51456  6436 7.886 0.48085  6438 7.596 0.47939  6406 7.588 0.47793  6361 7.409 0.47646  6387 7.110 0.47610  6375 6.761 0.44239  6363 6.702 0.43495  6338 6.242 0.40124  6378 6.062 0.39978  6390 5.660 0.39233  6400 5.518 0.39087  6342 5.484 0.38342  6421 5.439 0.34971  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-15

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  PCBb 6377 5.365 0.34226  6381 5.170 0.33482  6396 4.200 0.33335  6410 4.167 0.32591  6372 4.076 0.31846  6434 3.595 0.31101  6393 3.429 0.31066  6389 3.398 0.27695  6397 3.104 0.27548  6430 2.806 0.26804  6360 2.620 0.23433  6428 2.524 0.22688  6386 2.469 0.19317  6435 2.461 0.18573  6351 2.441 0.17828  6414 2.297 0.14457  6365 2.286 0.14311  6382 2.268 0.14164  6376 2.083 0.14018  6380 2.067 0.13273  6433 2.055 0.09903  6384 1.970 0.06532  6383 1.807 0.05787  6394 1.725 0.02416  6354 1.630 0.02270  6423 1.290 0.01525  6402 1.136 0.00780  6368 0.772 0.00745  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-16

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  PCBb 6341 58.2748 1.00000  6358 55.5356 0.99854  6364 53.6673 0.96483  6385 43.9998 0.93112  6369 43.7741 0.92367  6359 42.5276 0.91623  6345 35.9509 0.90878  6407 27.3622 0.90732  6404 21.6900 0.90585  6339 18.4780 0.89841  6352 17.9937 0.89096  6346 17.1738 0.89060  6415 15.4069 0.89024  6340 13.9363 0.88280  6355 13.1778 0.88133  6431 12.7402 0.84762  6420 12.1636 0.84616  6429 11.9929 0.84470  6353 11.6132 0.84323  6427 11.4289 0.84288  6350 11.0908 0.84141  6379 10.8286 0.84105  6349 10.7600 0.83361  6411 10.2258 0.83325  6424 9.7188 0.82580  6347 9.4764 0.79209  6418 9.4205 0.79063  6357 9.3107 0.78917  6395 9.0951 0.78881  6356 8.4721 0.78136  6426 8.2844 0.77392  6348 7.9963 0.74021  6373 7.9674 0.73276  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-17

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  PCBb 6436 7.8608 0.73130  6416 7.7248 0.72983  6438 7.5962 0.69613  6406 7.5883 0.69466  6361 7.4087 0.69320  6413 7.0184 0.69284  6405 6.8972 0.69248  6371 6.7598 0.69102  6363 6.6966 0.69066  6366 6.5897 0.65695  6367 6.5686 0.62324  6419 6.4903 0.58953  6425 6.4513 0.58209  6437 6.3907 0.54838  6392 6.3756 0.54692  6409 6.3094 0.53947  6338 6.2420 0.53202  6403 6.1189 0.53056  6374 6.0291 0.49685  6370 6.0212 0.49539  6401 5.9394 0.49392  6391 5.8625 0.49246  6344 5.8116 0.45875  6412 5.7142 0.45130  6399 5.6631 0.44984  6390 5.6353 0.44838  6400 5.5178 0.44691  6342 5.4588 0.43947  6421 5.4393 0.40576  6343 5.2424 0.39831  6381 5.1450 0.39087  6387 4.5971 0.38940  6396 4.2000 0.35569  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-18

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  PCBb 6410 4.1669 0.34825  6377 4.0901 0.34080  6372 4.0763 0.33335  6375 3.7558 0.32591  6434 3.5951 0.31846  6393 3.4290 0.31810  6389 3.3979 0.28439  6397 3.1042 0.28293  6378 3.0567 0.27548  6360 2.6203 0.26804  6386 2.4690 0.26059  6382 2.2426 0.25314  6433 2.0547 0.25168  6384 1.9448 0.21797  6383 1.8074 0.21053  6394 1.7252 0.17682  6354 1.6298 0.17535  6430 1.6000 0.16791  6435 1.4606 0.13420  6351 1.4361 0.12675  6428 1.3688 0.09304  6414 1.2920 0.05933  6423 1.2849 0.05787  6365 1.2811 0.05042  6402 1.1356 0.04896  6376 1.0782 0.04860  6380 1.0619 0.04116  6368 0.7716 0.00745  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-19

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6345 718.246 1.00000  6377 468.969 0.99854  6437 122.733 0.99109  6346 110.321 0.98963  6407 90.672 0.98927  6341 80.422 0.98781  6358 78.581 0.98634  6429 68.014 0.95263  6389 59.609 0.95117  6385 59.213 0.94971  6434 57.522 0.94226  6350 57.137 0.94190  6347 54.902 0.94154  6421 54.764 0.94008  6352 52.822 0.93263  6353 47.764 0.93228  6431 47.516 0.93192  6355 46.486 0.93045  6418 42.476 0.89675  6361 42.172 0.89528  6420 40.743 0.89492  6411 39.644 0.89346  6349 38.541 0.88601  6340 38.273 0.88566  6424 37.526 0.88419  6435 36.796 0.85048  6357 35.947 0.84304  6415 35.833 0.84268  6393 34.434 0.83523  6369 32.602 0.80152  6427 31.390 0.79408  6402 29.307 0.79261  6382 27.618 0.79226  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-20

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6395 27.434 0.79079  6433 27.061 0.78335  6351 25.964 0.74964  6400 25.725 0.71593  6356 25.659 0.70848  6397 25.425 0.70104  6430 24.063 0.69359  6363 23.866 0.65988  6390 23.816 0.62617  6423 23.696 0.62471  6426 23.534 0.61726  6436 23.281 0.58355  6406 22.968 0.58209  6354 22.321 0.58062  6387 21.736 0.57318  6428 21.077 0.53947  6409 19.767 0.50576  6368 19.665 0.49831  6365 19.515 0.49087  6379 19.249 0.48940  6386 18.795 0.48196  6364 18.657 0.47451  6381 18.424 0.44080  6370 18.069 0.43934  6378 17.773 0.43788  6376 17.196 0.43043  6348 17.015 0.42298  6394 16.710 0.41554  6392 16.556 0.41407  6338 16.438 0.40663  6344 16.288 0.40516  6375 15.834 0.39772  6342 15.600 0.39027  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-21

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6374 15.429 0.35656  6416 15.318 0.35510  6410 13.998 0.32139  6414 13.622 0.31394  6404 13.423 0.31248  6373 13.042 0.30503  6413 12.881 0.30357  6396 12.207 0.30321  6405 11.971 0.29576  6360 11.653 0.29430  6372 11.591 0.28685  6339 10.976 0.27941  6380 10.741 0.27196  6401 10.313 0.23825  6419 9.805 0.23679  6438 9.767 0.22934  6359 9.230 0.22788  6384 8.187 0.22043  6383 8.110 0.21299  6425 7.544 0.17928  6371 7.467 0.14557  6367 6.543 0.14521  6391 6.267 0.11150  6366 6.014 0.07779  6412 4.926 0.04408  6403 4.722 0.04262  6399 4.699 0.00891  6343 2.930 0.00745  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-22

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6345 718.246 1.00000  6377 471.519 0.99854  6385 139.313 0.99109  6437 132.743 0.98364  6364 117.685 0.98218  6369 112.702 0.94847  6346 110.321 0.94102  6407 90.697 0.94067  6359 89.410 0.93920  6341 80.472 0.93176  6358 78.581 0.93029  6429 68.014 0.89658  6389 59.609 0.89512  6340 58.383 0.89366  6434 57.522 0.89219  6350 57.237 0.89184  6347 55.702 0.89148  6404 55.150 0.89001  6421 54.764 0.88257  6352 52.822 0.87512  6353 47.764 0.87476  6431 47.516 0.87441  6355 46.586 0.87294  6424 46.334 0.83923  6339 44.379 0.80552  6395 43.025 0.79808  6418 42.501 0.79063  6361 42.172 0.78917  6420 40.844 0.78881  6411 39.644 0.78735  6435 38.796 0.77990  6349 38.541 0.77245  6357 36.497 0.77210  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-23

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6415 35.983 0.77174  6393 34.774 0.76429  6427 31.490 0.73058  6409 29.867 0.72912  6402 29.307 0.72167  6382 28.578 0.72131  6351 28.074 0.71985  6348 27.115 0.68614  6433 27.061 0.67870  6387 26.861 0.64499  6392 26.656 0.61128  6430 26.475 0.60383  6344 26.438 0.57012  6400 25.825 0.56268  6356 25.759 0.55523  6397 25.755 0.54778  6374 25.579 0.54034  6416 25.428 0.53887  6363 23.976 0.50516  6390 23.966 0.47145  6378 23.883 0.46999  6423 23.706 0.46254  6426 23.534 0.45510  6428 23.518 0.42139  6436 23.331 0.38768  6370 23.119 0.38622  6373 23.092 0.38475  6406 23.018 0.38329  6354 22.921 0.38183  6413 22.881 0.37438  6405 21.971 0.37402  6375 21.969 0.37256  6365 21.625 0.36511  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-24

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML 

 Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6401 20.463 0.36365  6419 19.955 0.36219  6368 19.765 0.35474  6379 19.349 0.34729  6376 19.306 0.33985  6386 18.795 0.33240  6381 18.474 0.32495  6425 17.819 0.32349  6371 17.467 0.28978  6394 16.810 0.28942  6367 16.693 0.28796  6338 16.538 0.25425  6391 16.417 0.25279  6366 16.164 0.21908  6342 15.800 0.18537  6414 15.732 0.15166  6412 15.186 0.15020  6403 14.972 0.14873  6399 14.849 0.11502  6410 14.098 0.11356  6343 13.080 0.10611  6380 12.851 0.09867  6396 12.307 0.06496  6360 11.753 0.05751  6372 11.691 0.05007  6438 9.867 0.04262  6384 8.337 0.04116  6383 8.210 0.03371  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-25

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6345 718.246 1.00000  6377 470.244 0.99854  6437 127.738 0.99109  6346 110.321 0.98963  6385 99.263 0.98927  6407 90.685 0.98182  6341 80.447 0.98036  6358 78.581 0.97890  6369 72.652 0.94519  6364 68.171 0.93774  6429 68.014 0.90403  6389 59.609 0.90257  6434 57.522 0.90110  6350 57.187 0.90075  6347 55.302 0.90039  6421 54.764 0.89892  6352 52.822 0.89148  6359 49.320 0.89112  6340 48.328 0.88367  6353 47.764 0.88221  6431 47.516 0.88185  6355 46.536 0.88039  6418 42.488 0.84668  6361 42.172 0.84522  6424 41.930 0.84486  6420 40.794 0.81115  6411 39.644 0.80969  6349 38.541 0.80224  6435 37.796 0.80188  6357 36.222 0.79444  6415 35.908 0.79408  6395 35.230 0.78663  6393 34.604 0.77918  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-26

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6404 34.287 0.74548  6427 31.440 0.73803  6402 29.307 0.73657  6382 28.098 0.73621  6339 27.677 0.73474  6433 27.061 0.72730  6351 27.019 0.69359  6400 25.775 0.65988  6356 25.709 0.65243  6397 25.590 0.64499  6430 25.269 0.63754  6409 24.817 0.60383  6387 24.299 0.59638  6363 23.921 0.56268  6390 23.891 0.52897  6423 23.701 0.52750  6426 23.534 0.52006  6436 23.306 0.48635  6406 22.993 0.48488  6354 22.621 0.48342  6428 22.297 0.47597  6348 22.065 0.44227  6392 21.606 0.43482  6344 21.363 0.42737  6378 20.828 0.41993  6370 20.594 0.41248  6365 20.570 0.41102  6374 20.504 0.40955  6416 20.373 0.40809  6368 19.715 0.37438  6379 19.299 0.36693  6375 18.902 0.35949  6386 18.795 0.35204  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs 
C-27

EPA / NSSS 15:55 19SEP01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to 1⁄2 ML  Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs  ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P  Total Dioxins/Furans/PCBs 6381 18.449 0.34459  6376 18.251 0.34313  6373 18.067 0.33568  6413 17.881 0.33422  6405 16.971 0.33386  6394 16.760 0.33240  6338 16.488 0.33094  6342 15.700 0.32947  6401 15.388 0.29576  6419 14.880 0.29430  6414 14.677 0.28685  6410 14.048 0.28539  6425 12.682 0.27794  6371 12.467 0.24423  6396 12.257 0.24388  6380 11.796 0.23643  6360 11.703 0.20272  6372 11.641 0.19527  6367 11.618 0.18783  6391 11.342 0.15412  6366 11.089 0.12041  6412 10.056 0.08670  6403 9.847 0.08524  6438 9.817 0.05153  6399 9.774 0.05007  6384 8.262 0.04860  6383 8.160 0.04116  6343 8.005 0.00745  b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.  Using WHO set of TEFs
APPENDIX D: EMPIRICAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF NATIONAL TOXIC

EQUIVALENTS FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY BY FLOW

GROUPS

Exhibit 1—Dioxin and Furan TEQs - POTWs with Flows of > 1 MGD

 Nondetects Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7

Exhibit 2—Coplanar PCB TEQs - POTWs with Flows of > 1 MGD

 Nondetects Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-10

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-13

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-16

Exhibit 3—Total Dioxin/Furan/Coplanar PCB TEQ - POTWs with Flows of > 1 MGD

 Nondetects Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-19

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-22

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-25

Exhibit 4 —Dioxin and Furan TEQs - POTWs with Flows of <1 MGD

 Nondetects Set to Zero .......................................... D-28

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-29

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-30

Exhibit 5—Coplanar PCB TEQs - POTWs with Flows of < 1 MGD

 Nondetects Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-31

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-32

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-33

Exhibit 6—Total Dioxin/Furan/Coplanar PCB TEQ - POTWs with Flows of <1 MGD

 Nondetects Set to Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-34

 Nondetects Set to One-half ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-35

 Nondetects Set to ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-36
D-1

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6345 682.30 1.00000

6377 466.15 0.994996437 121.35 0.969506346 93.15 0.964496407 63.32 0.963266389 56.21 0.958256429 56.02 0.953246385 55.21 0.948236434 53.93 0.922746421 49.33 0.921526350 46.05 0.896026347 45.43 0.894806435 36.34 0.889796353 36.15 0.864306352 34.83 0.863076431 34.78 0.861856361 34.76 0.856846340 34.34 0.855616418 33.07 0.850606411 29.42 0.845596369 28.83 0.820106420 28.58 0.794616402 28.17 0.789606349 27.78 0.788376357 26.66 0.787156395 25.98 0.785926382 25.40 0.760436423 22.42 0.755426397 22.32 0.729936341 22.15 0.704446354 20.69 0.699436415 20.45 0.673936400 20.21 0.648446427 19.96 0.622956365 19.24 0.61794
D-2

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6368 18.89 0.61293

6409 18.46 0.587446390 18.21 0.561956378 17.72 0.556946356 17.19 0.531446376 17.12 0.505956386 16.33 0.480466344 15.50 0.454976436 15.45 0.429486406 15.38 0.424476392 15.18 0.419466375 15.08 0.393966394 14.98 0.368476370 14.55 0.363466374 14.42 0.358456348 14.02 0.353446414 13.33 0.327956381 13.30 0.322946404 12.49 0.317936413 10.86 0.292446338 10.20 0.291216373 10.10 0.286206405 10.07 0.281196410 9.83 0.276186401 9.40 0.250696360 9.03 0.245686339 8.93 0.220196379 8.42 0.194706419 8.34 0.169216396 8.01 0.143716372 7.51 0.118226359 6.74 0.092736384 6.27 0.067246371 5.71 0.041756412 4.24 0.04052
D-3

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6399 4.06 0.03551

6343 2.71 0.030506438 2.17 0.00501
D-4

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6345 682.30 1.00000

6377 466.15 0.994996437 121.35 0.969506346 93.15 0.964496407 63.32 0.963266389 56.21 0.958256429 56.02 0.953246385 55.26 0.948236434 53.93 0.922746421 49.33 0.921526350 46.10 0.896026347 45.83 0.894806435 36.34 0.889796353 36.15 0.864306352 34.83 0.863076431 34.78 0.861856361 34.76 0.856846340 34.39 0.855616418 33.07 0.850606411 29.42 0.845596369 28.88 0.820106420 28.63 0.794616402 28.17 0.789606349 27.78 0.788376357 26.91 0.787156395 26.13 0.785926382 25.86 0.760436397 22.49 0.755426423 22.42 0.729936341 22.17 0.704446354 20.99 0.699436415 20.50 0.673936400 20.26 0.648446427 20.01 0.622956365 19.29 0.61794
D-5

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6368 18.94 0.61293

6409 18.51 0.587446390 18.26 0.561956378 17.77 0.556946356 17.24 0.531446376 17.17 0.505956386 16.33 0.480466344 15.55 0.454976436 15.45 0.429486406 15.40 0.424476392 15.23 0.419466375 15.15 0.393966394 15.03 0.368476370 14.57 0.363466374 14.47 0.358456348 14.07 0.353446414 13.38 0.327956381 13.30 0.322946404 12.60 0.317936413 10.86 0.292446338 10.25 0.291216373 10.10 0.286206405 10.07 0.281196410 9.88 0.276186401 9.45 0.250696339 9.20 0.245686360 9.08 0.220196379 8.47 0.194706419 8.39 0.169216396 8.06 0.143716372 7.56 0.118226359 6.79 0.092736384 6.32 0.067246371 5.71 0.041756412 4.34 0.04052
D-6

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6399 4.11 0.03551

6343 2.76 0.030506438 2.22 0.00501
D-7

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6345 682.30 1.00000

6377 466.15 0.994996437 121.35 0.969506346 93.15 0.964496407 63.32 0.963266389 56.21 0.958256429 56.02 0.953246385 55.31 0.948236434 53.93 0.922746421 49.33 0.921526347 46.23 0.896026350 46.15 0.891016435 36.34 0.889796353 36.15 0.864306352 34.83 0.863076431 34.78 0.861856361 34.76 0.856846340 34.44 0.855616418 33.07 0.850606411 29.42 0.845596369 28.93 0.820106420 28.68 0.794616402 28.17 0.789606349 27.78 0.788376357 27.16 0.787156382 26.31 0.785926395 26.29 0.780916397 22.65 0.755426423 22.42 0.729936341 22.20 0.704446354 21.29 0.699436415 20.55 0.673936400 20.31 0.648446427 20.06 0.622956365 19.34 0.61794
D-8

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6368 18.99 0.61293

6409 18.56 0.587446390 18.31 0.561956378 17.82 0.556946356 17.29 0.531446376 17.22 0.505956386 16.33 0.480466344 15.60 0.454976436 15.45 0.429486406 15.43 0.424476392 15.28 0.419466375 15.21 0.393966394 15.08 0.368476370 14.60 0.363466374 14.52 0.358456348 14.12 0.353446414 13.43 0.327956381 13.30 0.322946404 12.71 0.317936413 10.86 0.292446338 10.30 0.291216373 10.10 0.286206405 10.07 0.281196410 9.93 0.276186401 9.50 0.250696339 9.47 0.245686360 9.13 0.220196379 8.52 0.194706419 8.44 0.169216396 8.11 0.143716372 7.61 0.118226359 6.84 0.092736384 6.37 0.067246371 5.71 0.041756412 4.45 0.04052
D-9

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6399 4.16 0.03551

6343 2.81 0.030506438 2.27 0.00501
D-10

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

PCBS 6341 58.27 1.00000

6345 35.95 0.994996407 27.35 0.989986352 17.99 0.984976346 17.17 0.983756415 15.38 0.982526431 12.74 0.957036420 12.16 0.952026429 11.99 0.947016353 11.61 0.942006427 11.43 0.940776350 11.09 0.935766379 10.83 0.934546349 10.76 0.909056411 10.23 0.907826347 9.48 0.882336418 9.41 0.877326357 9.29 0.872316356 8.47 0.871086436 7.84 0.845596438 7.60 0.840586406 7.59 0.835576361 7.41 0.830566338 6.24 0.829346390 5.61 0.824336400 5.52 0.819326421 5.44 0.793836381 5.12 0.768336396 4.20 0.763326410 4.17 0.737836372 4.08 0.712346385 4.00 0.686856340 3.93 0.661366369 3.77 0.656356434 3.60 0.63085
D-11

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

PCBS 6370 3.52 0.62963

6389 3.40 0.624626397 3.10 0.619616348 3.00 0.594126373 2.94 0.568626377 2.82 0.563616360 2.62 0.538126359 2.49 0.512636386 2.47 0.487146382 2.22 0.461656339 2.05 0.456646413 2.02 0.431146384 1.92 0.429926405 1.90 0.404436371 1.76 0.399426394 1.73 0.398196354 1.63 0.393186419 1.47 0.367696395 1.46 0.342206437 1.39 0.316716392 1.38 0.311706409 1.31 0.286206423 1.28 0.260716402 1.14 0.235226374 1.00 0.233996404 0.94 0.228996401 0.91 0.203496344 0.79 0.198486368 0.77 0.172996375 0.75 0.147506412 0.69 0.122016399 0.64 0.117006435 0.46 0.111996414 0.29 0.086506365 0.28 0.08149
D-12

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

PCBS 6343 0.22 0.07648

6376 0.07 0.050986378 0.05 0.02549
D-13

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

PCBS 6341 58.27 1.00000

6385 44.00 0.994996369 43.77 0.969506359 42.53 0.944016345 35.95 0.918516407 27.36 0.913506404 21.69 0.908496339 18.48 0.883006352 17.99 0.857516346 17.17 0.856296415 15.41 0.855066340 13.94 0.829576431 12.74 0.824566420 12.16 0.819556429 11.99 0.814546353 11.61 0.809536427 11.43 0.808306350 11.09 0.803296379 10.83 0.802076349 10.76 0.776586411 10.23 0.775356347 9.48 0.749866418 9.42 0.744856357 9.31 0.739846395 9.10 0.738616356 8.47 0.713126348 8.00 0.687636373 7.97 0.662146436 7.86 0.657136438 7.60 0.652126406 7.59 0.647116361 7.41 0.642106413 7.02 0.640876405 6.90 0.639656371 6.76 0.63464
D-14

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

PCBS 6419 6.49 0.63341

6437 6.39 0.607926392 6.38 0.602916409 6.31 0.577426338 6.24 0.551936374 6.03 0.546926370 6.02 0.541916401 5.94 0.536906344 5.81 0.531896412 5.71 0.506406399 5.66 0.501396390 5.64 0.496386400 5.52 0.491376421 5.44 0.465876343 5.24 0.440386381 5.14 0.414896396 4.20 0.409886410 4.17 0.384396377 4.09 0.358906372 4.08 0.333406375 3.76 0.307916434 3.60 0.282426389 3.40 0.281196397 3.10 0.276186378 3.06 0.250696360 2.62 0.225206386 2.47 0.199716382 2.24 0.174226384 1.94 0.169216394 1.73 0.143716354 1.63 0.138716435 1.46 0.113216414 1.29 0.087726423 1.28 0.082716365 1.28 0.05722
D-15

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

PCBS 6402 1.14 0.05221

6376 1.08 0.050986368 0.77 0.02549
D-16

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

PCBS 6385 84.00 1.00000

6369 83.77 0.974516359 82.57 0.949026341 58.27 0.923526404 42.44 0.918516345 35.95 0.893026339 34.91 0.888016407 27.37 0.862526340 23.94 0.857516352 17.99 0.852506346 17.17 0.851286395 16.73 0.850056415 15.43 0.824566348 13.00 0.799076373 12.99 0.773576431 12.74 0.768566420 12.16 0.763556413 12.02 0.758546429 11.99 0.757326405 11.90 0.752316371 11.76 0.747306353 11.61 0.746076419 11.52 0.744856427 11.43 0.719366437 11.40 0.714356392 11.38 0.709346409 11.31 0.683856350 11.09 0.658356374 11.05 0.657136401 10.96 0.652126344 10.84 0.647116379 10.83 0.621626349 10.76 0.596126412 10.74 0.594906399 10.69 0.58989
D-17

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

PCBS 6343 10.27 0.58488

6411 10.23 0.559396347 9.48 0.533906418 9.43 0.528896357 9.34 0.523886370 8.52 0.522656356 8.47 0.517646436 7.89 0.492156438 7.60 0.487146406 7.59 0.482136361 7.41 0.477126375 6.76 0.475896338 6.24 0.450406378 6.06 0.445396390 5.66 0.419906400 5.52 0.414896421 5.44 0.389406377 5.37 0.363916381 5.17 0.338416396 4.20 0.333406410 4.17 0.307916372 4.08 0.282426434 3.60 0.256936389 3.40 0.255706397 3.10 0.250696360 2.62 0.225206386 2.47 0.199716435 2.46 0.174226414 2.30 0.148726365 2.29 0.143716382 2.27 0.138716376 2.08 0.133706384 1.97 0.108206394 1.73 0.082716354 1.63 0.07770
D-18

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 1

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

PCBS 6423 1.29 0.05221

6402 1.14 0.026726368 0.77 0.02549
D-19

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6345 718.25 1.00000

6377 468.97 0.994996437 122.73 0.969506346 110.32 0.964496407 90.67 0.963266341 80.42 0.958256429 68.01 0.953246389 59.61 0.948236385 59.21 0.943226434 57.52 0.917736350 57.14 0.916516347 54.90 0.915286421 54.76 0.910276352 52.82 0.884786353 47.76 0.883556431 47.52 0.882336418 42.48 0.877326361 42.17 0.872316420 40.74 0.871086411 39.64 0.866076349 38.54 0.840586340 38.27 0.839366435 36.80 0.834356357 35.95 0.808856415 35.83 0.807636369 32.60 0.782146427 31.39 0.756656402 29.31 0.751646382 27.62 0.750416395 27.43 0.745406400 25.72 0.719916356 25.66 0.694426397 25.42 0.668926390 23.82 0.643436423 23.70 0.63842
D-20

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6436 23.28 0.61293

6406 22.97 0.607926354 22.32 0.602916409 19.77 0.577426368 19.67 0.551936365 19.51 0.526436379 19.25 0.521426386 18.79 0.495936381 18.42 0.470446370 18.07 0.465436378 17.77 0.460426376 17.20 0.434936348 17.01 0.409446394 16.71 0.383946392 16.56 0.378946338 16.44 0.353446344 16.29 0.348436375 15.83 0.322946374 15.43 0.297456410 14.00 0.292446414 13.62 0.266956404 13.42 0.261946373 13.04 0.236456413 12.88 0.231446396 12.21 0.230216405 11.97 0.204726360 11.65 0.199716372 11.59 0.174226339 10.98 0.148726401 10.31 0.123236419 9.80 0.118226438 9.77 0.092736359 9.23 0.087726384 8.19 0.062236371 7.47 0.03674
D-21

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6412 4.93 0.03551

6399 4.70 0.030506343 2.93 0.02549
D-22

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6345 718.25 1.00000

6377 470.24 0.994996437 127.74 0.969506346 110.32 0.964496385 99.26 0.963266407 90.68 0.937776341 80.45 0.932766369 72.65 0.927756429 68.01 0.902266389 59.61 0.897256434 57.52 0.892246350 57.19 0.891016347 55.30 0.889796421 54.76 0.884786352 52.82 0.859296359 49.32 0.858066340 48.33 0.832576353 47.76 0.827566431 47.52 0.826336418 42.49 0.821326361 42.17 0.816326420 40.79 0.815096411 39.64 0.810086349 38.54 0.784596435 37.80 0.783366357 36.22 0.757876415 35.91 0.756656395 35.23 0.731156404 34.29 0.705666427 31.44 0.680176402 29.31 0.675166382 28.10 0.673936339 27.68 0.668926400 25.77 0.643436356 25.71 0.61794
D-23

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6397 25.59 0.59245

6409 24.82 0.566966390 23.89 0.541466423 23.70 0.536456436 23.31 0.510966406 22.99 0.505956354 22.62 0.500946348 22.06 0.475456392 21.61 0.449966344 21.36 0.424476378 20.83 0.398976370 20.59 0.373486365 20.57 0.368476374 20.50 0.363466368 19.72 0.358456379 19.30 0.332966375 18.90 0.307476386 18.79 0.281986381 18.45 0.256486376 18.25 0.251476373 18.07 0.225986413 17.88 0.220976405 16.97 0.219756394 16.76 0.214746338 16.49 0.209736401 15.39 0.204726419 14.88 0.199716414 14.68 0.174226410 14.05 0.169216371 12.47 0.143716396 12.26 0.142496360 11.70 0.117006372 11.64 0.091516412 10.06 0.066016438 9.82 0.06100
D-24

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6399 9.77 0.05599

6384 8.26 0.050986343 8.01 0.02549
D-25

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6345 718.25 1.00000

6377 471.52 0.994996385 139.31 0.969506437 132.74 0.944016369 112.70 0.939006346 110.32 0.913506407 90.70 0.912286359 89.41 0.907276341 80.47 0.881786429 68.01 0.876776389 59.61 0.871766340 58.38 0.866756434 57.52 0.861746350 57.24 0.860516347 55.70 0.859296404 55.15 0.854286421 54.76 0.828796352 52.82 0.803296353 47.76 0.802076431 47.52 0.800846339 44.38 0.795836395 43.03 0.770346418 42.50 0.744856361 42.17 0.739846420 40.84 0.738616411 39.64 0.733606435 38.80 0.708116349 38.54 0.682626357 36.50 0.681396415 35.98 0.680176427 31.49 0.654686409 29.87 0.649676402 29.31 0.624176382 28.58 0.622956348 27.11 0.61794
D-26

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6392 26.66 0.59245

6344 26.44 0.566966400 25.82 0.541466356 25.76 0.515976397 25.75 0.490486374 25.58 0.464996390 23.97 0.459986378 23.88 0.454976423 23.71 0.429486436 23.33 0.403986370 23.12 0.398976373 23.09 0.393966406 23.02 0.388956354 22.92 0.383946413 22.88 0.358456405 21.97 0.357236375 21.97 0.352226365 21.62 0.326736401 20.46 0.321726419 19.95 0.316716368 19.77 0.291216379 19.35 0.265726376 19.31 0.240236386 18.79 0.214746381 18.47 0.189256371 17.47 0.184246394 16.81 0.183016338 16.54 0.178006414 15.73 0.172996412 15.19 0.167986399 14.85 0.162976410 14.10 0.157966343 13.08 0.132476396 12.31 0.106986360 11.75 0.08149
D-27

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6372 11.69 0.05599

6438 9.87 0.030506384 8.34 0.02549
D-28

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 2

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6355 33.31 1.00000

6424 32.12 0.952386393 31.00 0.904766351 25.53 0.857146433 25.01 0.809526430 23.67 0.761906358 23.05 0.714296428 20.86 0.666676387 19.65 0.619056363 17.17 0.571436426 15.25 0.523816364 14.04 0.476196416 12.60 0.428576380 10.68 0.380956342 10.17 0.333336383 6.30 0.285716425 6.09 0.238106391 5.43 0.190486367 5.00 0.142866366 4.45 0.095246403 3.63 0.04762
D-29

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 3

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6355 33.36 1.00000

6424 32.21 0.952386393 31.17 0.904766351 25.58 0.857146433 25.01 0.809526430 23.67 0.761906358 23.05 0.714296428 20.93 0.666676387 19.70 0.619056363 17.22 0.571436426 15.25 0.523816364 14.50 0.476196416 12.65 0.428576380 10.73 0.380956342 10.24 0.333336383 6.35 0.285716425 6.23 0.238106391 5.48 0.190486367 5.05 0.142866366 4.50 0.095246403 3.73 0.04762
D-30

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 3

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

DIOXIN/FURANS 6355 33.41 1.00000

6424 32.30 0.952386393 31.34 0.904766351 25.63 0.857146433 25.01 0.809526430 23.67 0.761906358 23.05 0.714296428 20.99 0.666676387 19.75 0.619056363 17.27 0.571436426 15.25 0.523816364 14.97 0.476196416 12.70 0.428576380 10.78 0.380956342 10.32 0.333336383 6.40 0.285716425 6.37 0.238106391 5.53 0.190486367 5.10 0.142866366 4.55 0.095246403 3.83 0.04762
D-31

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 3

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

PCBS 6358 55.54 1.00000

6355 13.18 0.952386426 8.28 0.904766363 6.69 0.857146342 5.43 0.809526424 5.40 0.761906364 4.62 0.714296393 3.43 0.666676416 2.72 0.619056387 2.08 0.571436433 2.05 0.523816383 1.81 0.476196366 1.56 0.428576367 1.54 0.380956425 1.45 0.333336403 1.09 0.285716391 0.84 0.238106351 0.43 0.190486430 0.39 0.142866428 0.21 0.095246380 0.06 0.04762
D-32

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 3

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

PCBS 6358 55.54 1.00000

6364 53.67 0.952386355 13.18 0.904766424 9.72 0.857146426 8.28 0.809526416 7.72 0.761906363 6.70 0.714296366 6.59 0.666676367 6.57 0.619056425 6.45 0.571436403 6.12 0.523816391 5.86 0.476196342 5.46 0.428576387 4.60 0.380956393 3.43 0.333336433 2.05 0.285716383 1.81 0.238106430 1.60 0.190486351 1.44 0.142866428 1.37 0.095246380 1.06 0.04762
D-33

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 3

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

PCBS 6364 102.72 1.00000

6358 55.54 0.952386424 14.04 0.904766355 13.18 0.857146416 12.73 0.809526366 11.61 0.761906367 11.59 0.714296425 11.45 0.666676403 11.14 0.619056391 10.89 0.571436426 8.28 0.523816387 7.11 0.476196363 6.70 0.428576342 5.48 0.380956393 3.43 0.333336430 2.81 0.285716428 2.52 0.238106351 2.44 0.190486380 2.07 0.142866433 2.05 0.095246383 1.81 0.04762
D-34

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 3

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO 

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTY_LOW P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6358 78.58 1.00000

6355 46.49 0.952386424 37.53 0.904766393 34.43 0.857146433 27.06 0.809526351 25.96 0.761906430 24.06 0.714296363 23.87 0.666676426 23.53 0.619056387 21.74 0.571436428 21.08 0.523816364 18.66 0.476196342 15.60 0.428576416 15.32 0.380956380 10.74 0.333336383 8.11 0.285716425 7.54 0.238106367 6.54 0.190486391 6.27 0.142866366 6.01 0.095246403 4.72 0.04762
D-35

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 3

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO 1⁄2 ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QTYHALF P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6358 78.58 1.00000

6364 68.17 0.952386355 46.54 0.904766424 41.93 0.857146393 34.60 0.809526433 27.06 0.761906351 27.02 0.714296430 25.27 0.666676387 24.30 0.619056363 23.92 0.571436426 23.53 0.523816428 22.30 0.476196416 20.37 0.428576342 15.70 0.380956425 12.68 0.333336380 11.80 0.285716367 11.62 0.238106391 11.34 0.190486366 11.09 0.142866403 9.85 0.095246383 8.16 0.04762
D-36

EPA / NSSS 15:09 13NOV01 M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS 3

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 

NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML

INCLUDES ONLY POTWS WITH FLOWS OF # 1 MGD 

 ANALYTE EPISODE QUANTITY P

TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6364 117.69 1.00000

6358 78.58 0.952386355 46.59 0.904766424 46.33 0.857146393 34.77 0.809526351 28.07 0.761906433 27.06 0.714296387 26.86 0.666676430 26.48 0.619056416 25.43 0.571436363 23.98 0.523816426 23.53 0.476196428 23.52 0.428576425 17.82 0.380956367 16.69 0.333336391 16.42 0.285716366 16.16 0.238106342 15.80 0.190486403 14.97 0.142866380 12.85 0.095246383 8.21 0.04762