REPORT TO CONGRESS

STATUS OF FISHERIES OF THE

UNITED STATES

PREPARED BY

NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE

OCTOBER 1999
Report on the Status of Fisheries of the United States 

Table of Contents 

Executive Summary 1

Introduction 1

Listing of Species 2

Basis for Determining Status of Overfishing 2

Results 4

Conclusion 6
List of Tables and Appendices 

Table A1. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in Federal Fishery 9

Management Plans

Table A2. Summary of Stock Status for Species not Contained in Federal Fishery 67

Management Plans 

Table A3. Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans 70

Under Development 

App. 1. Overfishing Definitions Contained in Fishery Management Plans 71

App. 2. Overfishing Definitions for Species not Contained in Federal 97

Fishery Management Plans

App. 3. Overfishing Definitions from Fishery Management Plans Under 98

Development

App. 4. Six Tiers comprising the Overfishing Definition for Gulf of Alaska 99

and Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish

App. 5. Acronyms used in Appendices 101
Report on Status of Fisheries and Identification of Overfished Stocks 

Executive Summary 

The Sustainable Fisheries Act [SFA (Public Law 104-297)], which reauthorized and amended the 

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act) was 

signed into law by President Clinton on October 11, 1996. The reauthorized Magnuson-Stevens 

Act requires the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) to report to Congress annually on the status 

of fisheries within each Council’s geographical area of authority and identify those fisheries that 

are overfished or are approaching a condition of being overfished. 

In accordance with the requirements of the SFA, the basis for the identification of overfished 

stocks is the current overfishing definition found in the Fishery Management Plans (FMPs). The 

SFA also defined “overfished” and “overfishing,” and required that FMP definitions, amended to 

be consistent with the new statutory definition, be submitted to the Secretary by October 11, 

1998. Many of the new definitions contained in FMPs have been submitted and approved 

consistent with the new National Standard Guidelines, and additional stocks have been identified 

as overfished under the new definitions. 

Based on the criteria specified in the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the Report on the Status of 

Fisheries finds that 98 species are listed as “overfished,” 127 species are listed as “not overfished,” 

and 5 species are considered to be “approaching an overfished condition”; for 674 species, the 

status relative to “overfished” is “unknown.” Whenever possible, species were assessed using 

existing overfishing definitions in FMPs or FMPs under development; the remainder were 

evaluated using the most recent (1999) edition of Our Living Oceans. 

Last year’s report identified 90 species as “overfished,” 200 species as “not overfished,” and 10 

species as “approaching an overfished condition”; for 544 species, the status relative to 

overfishing was “unknown.” 

Introduction 

This report to Congress responds to section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, as amended 

by the SFA on October 11, 1996: 

(1) The Secretary shall report annually to the Congress and the Councils on the 

status of fisheries within each Council’s geographical area of authority and identify those 

fisheries that are overfished or are approaching a condition of being overfished. For those 

fisheries managed under a fishery management plan or international agreement, the status 

shall be determined using the criteria for overfishing specified in such plan or agreement. 

A fishery shall be classified as approaching a condition of being overfished if, based on 

1
trends in fishing effort, fishery resource size, and other appropriate factors, the Secretary 

estimates that the fishery will become overfished within two years. 

This report constitutes the National Marine Fisheries Service’s (NMFS) third annual report to 

Congress and the Councils in compliance with section 304(e)(1). 

Listing of Species 

For all species identified in this report, a substantial portion of the stock occurs within the EEZ; 

stocks that do not have a substantial portion occurring in the EEZ are not included. Species 

contained within a management unit identified in an FMP are listed in Table A1. Species that are 

not contained in an FMP are listed in Table A2. Species contained in an FMP under development 

are listed in Table A3. 

There are currently 39 approved and implemented FMPs and 5 FMPs under development; there 

are numerous other fisheries in the U.S. EEZ for which there are no FMPs at this time. Some 

FMPs contain only one or a few species in the management unit, while others contain more than 

100 species. To assess fully the status of the fish stocks within the U.S. EEZ, individual species 

were broken out to the extent possible for each fishery or FMP, and each species was separately 

assessed. 

Basis for Determining Status of Overfishing 

As required by section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, for those species managed under 

an FMP or international agreement, the status determination was based on the criteria for 

overfishing (i.e., the overfishing definition) specified in the FMP or agreement whenever possible 

(see Appendices 1, 2, 3, and 4). Prior to requirements under the new National Standard 

Guidelines, most existing overfishing definitions were based wholly or in part on either a fishing 

mortality rate or stock biomass, but not both. The new statutory definition requires that status 

determination criteria must specify both a maximum fishing mortality threshold or reasonable 

proxy, and a minimum stock size threshold or reasonable proxy. Thus, species must be assessed 

according to whether the fishing mortality threshold is being exceeded and whether the minimum 

stock size threshold is being met. “Overfishing” occurs for those species for which the fishing 

mortality rate exceeds the threshold fishing mortality rate or level required to produce the 

maximum sustainable yield (MSY) on a continuing basis. “Overfished” species are those for 

which the stock size falls below the minimum stock size required to produce MSY on a 

continuing basis. In the table, the term “overfished” can apply to either conditions where 

“overfishing” is occurring, or where the stock is “overfished,” or both. 

This year’s report, in conformance with SFA requirements, identifies the status determination of 

species based on both the fishing mortality rate and stock biomass, wherever possible. The 

National Standard Guidelines require NMFS to determine whether the fishing mortality rate is 

being exceeded or the biomass is below the established threshold for each species. The following 

2
is a description of the basis for the “overfished” or status determination under a variety of 

scenarios associated with fully approved, partially approved, or fully disapproved definitions. 

Fully Approved Definitions under the SFA: For those species contained in FMPs for which 

overfishing definitions were fully approved, status determinations were based on assessments 

using both the fishing mortality rate and biomass definitions, wherever possible. If either the 

fishing mortality rate exceeded the established threshold or the biomass was below the established 

threshold, the species was classified as “overfished.” Species listed as “unknown” are those for 

which there is an approved overfishing definition, but for which no determination can be made 

relative to that definition because of insufficient information. 

Partially Approved Definitions under the SFA: For those species contained in FMPs for which 

overfishing definitions were partially approved (i.e., for which only one of the two necessary 

criteria was approved), the disapproved criterion was assessed as “undefined.” Species listed as 

“undefined” are those for which there is no status criterion by which to make a determination. If 

the approved portion of the definition was listed as “overfished,” the determination in the 

“overfished” column was assessed as “overfished.” If the approved portion of the definition was 

assessed as “not overfished,” the determination in the “overfished” column was assessed as 

“unknown,” because the status of the species is uncertain under SFA guidelines if one of the 

status criteria is not present. 

Definitions under the SFA that are Fully Disapproved or Still Under Review: For those species 

contained in FMPs for which the overfishing definitions were disapproved or are still under 

review, status determinations were based on previously existing definitions, and were assessed 

under pre-SFA guidelines. The overfishing determination was based solely on the status criterion 

that is available. The status criterion that is not available is listed as “undefined.” 

Assessment Based on Previous Definitions Despite Fully Approved New Definitions under the 

SFA: There are some species for which status determinations were made relative to previously 

existing approved definitions, even though new overfishing definitions have been approved for 

these species. For these species, peer-reviewed assessments under the new overfishing definitions 

were not available for this year’s report. 

In assessing whether species were “approaching an overfished condition,” no distinction was 

made between “overfished” and “overfishing.” These species were assessed based on whether 

“overfishing” is likely to occur in the next 2 years, or whether the fishery is likely to become 

“overfished” in the next 2 years. 

For all species for which there is an approved overfishing definition contained in an FMP or an 

overfishing definition contained in an FMP under development, the status of the stock relative to 

the FMP definition was used to determine the status of the species and whether it is approaching 

an overfished condition. The 1999 edition of Our Living Oceans (OLO) was used to determine 

the status relative to overfishing for species (1) for which there are no FMPs or international 

3
agreements, but that are under the Councils’ geographic area of authority or under the Secretary’s 

management authority pursuant to section 302(a)(3); (2) that are contained in an FMP or an FMP 

under development, but that do not have an overfishing definition; or (3) for which the overfishing 

definition is inadequate to make a determination of overfishing. In OLO, the terms “overfished” 

and “overfishing” are not used, but similar concepts are. Long Term Potential Yield (LTPY), as 

used in OLO, is analogous to MSY. Thus, the conclusions reached in OLO approximate the 

conclusions that would be drawn if an assessment had been made using the SFA’s definition of 

“overfished.” Species that are listed in OLO as “below” stock levels necessary to produce LTPY 

are considered “overfished,” and those listed as “near” and “above” stock levels necessary to 

produce LTPY are considered “not overfished.” In determining whether “overfishing” is 

occurring, the existing fishing effort or fishery utilization level is compared to the level necessary 

to achieve LTPY. Species that are listed in OLO as “over” are species for which “overfishing” is 

occurring, and those that are listed as “under” or “fully” are species for which “no overfishing” is 

occurring. Because OLO does not make a determination of whether the stock is “approaching an 

overfished condition,” that determination could not be made for those species assessed using 

OLO. For species that have no overfishing definition or for which there is no determination of 

stock status in OLO, the overfished status is listed as “unknown.” 

Information regarding the status of species is continually evolving and additional information has 

become available for some species since the most recent publication of OLO. For those species 

for which there is updated information in a citable form, that information was used to determine 

the status of that species in this report. It is recognized that this approach does not include all 

“preliminary” information for each species. However, this approach has been taken to minimize 

potential confusion as conclusions about stock conditions change with changes in “preliminary” 

information. 

Results 

Using the methodology described above to assess the status of the fisheries, there are currently 98 

species classified as “overfished,” 127 species classified as “not overfished,” 5 species that are 

“approaching an overfished condition,” and 674 species whose status is “unknown.” The 

categories “not overfished” and “approaching an overfished condition” are mutually exclusive. 

Any species listed as “approaching an overfished condition” (because it is estimated that it will 

become “overfished” within 2 years) is not included in the “not overfished” category, even though 

it is currently not overfished. This is to eliminate double-counting of the species analyzed in this 

report. 

A total of 60 additional species have been added to this year’s report. Many of these are new 

species that have been added to the management unit contained in an FMP, while others are 

species that have been broken out into two or more stocks and are addressed separately. 

The following table provides a breakdown of the assessed species: 

4
Jurisdiction Year 

Number of Stocks 

under Council’s 

Geographical Area 

Overfished Not 

Overfished 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition 

Unknown 

NEFMC 1997 26 12 7 2 5 

1998 26 12 7 2 5 

1999 29 16 9 0 4 

MAFMC 1997 11 5 6 0 0 

1998 11 5 6 0 0 

1999 11 6 5 0 0 

NEFMC/MAFMC 1997 9 1 1 0 7 

1998 9 2 0 0 7 

1999 9 2 0 0 7 

SAFMC 1997 84 14 5 0 65 

1998 84 17 11 0 56 

1999 86 15 0 0 71 

GMFMC 1997 69 4 6 1 58 

1998 61 4 6 2 49 

1999 61 4 6 2 49 

SAFMC/GMFMC 1997 10 1 5 0 4 

1998 10 1 5 0 4 

1999 10 1 0 0 9 

CFMC 1997 179 3 1 0 175 

1998 179 3 1 0 175 

1999 179 3 1 0 175 

PFMC 1997 109 13 16 6 74 

1998 109 12 17 5 75 

1999 109 16 17 1 75 

5
Jurisdiction Year 

Number of Stocks 

under Council’s 

Geographical Area 

Overfished Not 

Overfished 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition 

Unknown 

WPFMC 1997 64 3 47 1 13 

1998 66 3 47 1 15 

1999 64 1 47 1 15 

NPFMC 1997 105 0 63 0 42 

1998 229 0 75 0 154 

1999 252 3 30 0 219 

PFMC/NPFMC 1997 1 0 1 0 0 

1998 1 0 1 0 0 

1999 1 0 1 0 0 

HMS 1997 50 26 21 0 3 

1998 50 28 20 0 2 

1999 84 29 8 0 47 

ASMFC 1997 8 4 3 0 1 

1998 7 3 3 0 1 

1999 7 2 2 1 2 

GSMFC 1997 2 0 1 0 1 

1998 2 0 1 0 1 

1999 2 0 1 0 1 

Total 1997 727 86 183 10 448 

1998 844 90 200 10 544 

1999 904 98 127 5 674 

Conclusion 

Last year’s report identified 90 species as “overfished,” 200 species as “not overfished,” and 10 

species as “approaching an overfished condition”; for 544 species, the status relative to 

overfishing was “unknown.” Because Witch Flounder, Winter Flounder (Gulf of Maine), Winter 

Flounder (Southern New England), Wreckfish (South Atlantic), Gray Triggerfish (South 

Atlantic), Pacific (Chub) Mackerel, Pacific Sardine, Squirrelfish Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands), 

Longtail Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands), and Spotted Seatrout have been removed from the list 

6
of species that are “overfished,” the Councils are no longer required to take measures to end 

overfishing for these species. For Witch Flounder, Winter Flounder (Gulf of Maine), Winter 

Flounder (Southern New England), Wreckfish (South Atlantic), and Gray Triggerfish (South 

Atlantic), the most recent assessments based on the current overfishing definitions support 

removing them from the “overfished” list. Previously, Pacific (Chub) Mackerel and Pacific 

Sardine were assessed using OLO. They are now contained in the Coastal Pelagics Species FMP, 

and were assessed using the current overfishing definition. Squirrelfish Snapper (Main Hawaiian 

Islands) and Longtail Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands) were previously considered separate 

stocks from Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest Hawaiian Islands) and Longtail Snapper (Northwest 

Hawaiian Islands), but upon review, the Main and Northwest Hawaiian Islands “stocks” have now 

been combined into one stock. For Spotted Seatrout, the status determination in the most recent 

edition of OLO has assessed the species as “unknown.” 

Rebuilding programs have been submitted for 65 of these stocks, 48 of which have been 

approved, 11 of which have been disapproved, and 6 of which are under review. In some cases, it 

was determined that existing rebuilding programs met the requirements of the SFA, and no 

additional management measures were required. Should the Councils determine that those 

management measures need to be changed, additional amendments would have to be submitted 

for approval to insure that they continue to meet the requirements of the Act. 

The majority of stocks (75%) identified in this report were assessed as “unknown” in terms of 

their status relative to overfishing; there are 649 stocks that are contained in FMPs whose status 

is “unknown” and 25 stocks not contained in FMPs whose status is “unknown.” Some of these 

species were previously assessed as “not overfished,” and have now been assessed as “unknown.” 

For these species, status determinations were based on a partially approved overfishing definition 

that does not contain both a fishing mortality rate and biomass criteria. If the approved portion of 

the definition was assessed as “not overfished,” the determination in the “overfished” column was 

assessed as “unknown,” because the status of the species is uncertain under SFA guidelines if one 

of the status criteria is not present. Additional efforts to obtain information necessary to assess 

these stocks will be required before their status can be determined. As the status of these stocks 

become known, some will require that measures be taken to end or prevent overfishing. 

This year’s report identifies 18 additional species (Georges Bank Cod; Gulf of Maine Haddock; 

Cape Cod Yellowtail Flounder; White Hake; Georges Bank Winter Flounder; Gulf of Maine / 

Northern Georges Bank Silver Hake; Ocean Pout; Loligo Squid; WA, OR, CA Lingcod; WA, 

OR, CA Pacific Ocean Perch; WA, OR, CA Bocaccio; WA, OR, CA Bank Rockfish; WA, OR, 

CA Darkblotched Rockfish; WA, OR, CA Silvergrey Rockfish; Saint Mathew Island Blue King 

Crab; Bering Sea Snow Crab; Bering Sea Tanner Crab; North Atlantic Albacore ) that are 

“overfished,” and 1 additional species (Northern Shrimp) that is “approaching an overfished 

condition.” Ten species were listed as “approaching an overfished condition” in last year’s report, 

and 5 of these species (White Hake; Gulf of Maine / Northern Georges Bank Silver Hake; WA, 

OR, CA Lingcod; WA, OR, CA Pacific Ocean Perch; and WA, OR, CA Bocaccio) are now listed 

as “overfished” and 1 species (Shortspine Thornyhead) is now listed as “not overfished” based on 

7
recent assessments. The Councils and the Secretary may be required to submit measures to end 

overfishing and rebuild stocks that are “overfished,” and to prevent overfishing for those stocks 

that are “approaching an overfished condition” managed under these FMPs and FMPs under 

development, within a year of being notified. 

8
Table A1. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in the Management Unit in Federal Fishery 

Management Plans 

Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Atlantic Sea Scallop NEFMC Yes No Yes N/A Yes 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Atlantic Sea Scallop 

Atlantic Salmon Atlantic Salmon NEFMC No Yes Yes N/A Yes 

American Lobster American Lobster NEFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A No 

Northeast Multispecies Cod Gulf of Maine NEFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A Yes 

Georges Bank NEFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A Yes 

Northeast Multispecies Haddock Georges Bank NEFMC No Undefined No* Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Maine NEFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Georges Bank NEFMC No Undefined No* Unknown N/A 

Northeast Multispecies Yellowtail Southern New England NEFMC No Undefined No* Unknown N/A 

Flounder Cape Cod NEFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Northeast Multispecies NEFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A No 

Northeast Multispecies NEFMC No Undefined No* Unknown N/A 

Northeast Multispecies NEFMC No No No No N/A 

American Plaice 

Redfish 

Witch Flounder 

9
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Northeast Multispecies White Hake NEFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A No 

Northeast Multispecies Pollock NEFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Northeast Multispecies 

Windowpane 

Flounder 

Gulf of Maine / 

Georges Bank NEFMC Yes No Yes N/A No 

Southern New England / 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC No No No No N/A 

Northeast Multispecies 

Winter 

Flounder 

Georges Bank NEFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A No 

Gulf of Maine NEFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Southern New England NEFMC No No No No N/A 

Northeast Multispecies Silver 

Hake 

Gulf of Maine / 

Northern Georges Bank NEFMC Yes No Yes N/A Yes 

Southern Georges Bank / 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Northeast Multispecies Offshore Hake NEFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Northeast Multispecies Red 

Hake 

Southern Georges Bank / 

Middle Atlantic NEFMC Unknown Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Gulf of Maine / 

Northern Georges Bank NEFMC No No No No N/A 

Northeast Multispecies Ocean Pout NEFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

Northeast Multispecies Atlantic Halibut NEFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Monkfish Monkfish NEFMC / 

MAFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

10
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass Scup MAFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A No 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass Summer Flounder MAFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass 

Black Sea Bass MAFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Bluefish Bluefish (except Gulf of Mexico) MAFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Surf Clam and 

Ocean Quahog Surf Clam MAFMC No Undefined No* No N/A 

Atlantic Surf Clam and 

Ocean Quahog Ocean Quahog MAFMC No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, 

and Butterfish 

Squid Illex MAFMC No No No No N/A 

Loligo MAFMC Yes Yes Yes N/A No 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, 

and Butterfish Atlantic Mackerel MAFMC No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, 

and Butterfish Butterfish (Atlantic) MAFMC No No No No N/A 

South Atlantic Golden Crab Golden Crab SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic Shrimp White Shrimp SAFMC Undefined No Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic Shrimp Rock Shrimp SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic Shrimp Brown Shrimp SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic Shrimp Pink Shrimp SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

11
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Jewfish SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Nassau Grouper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Vermilion Snapper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A Yes 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Red Porgy SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A Yes 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Gag Grouper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Red Snapper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Speckled Hind SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Snowy Grouper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Warsaw Grouper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Golden Tilefish SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Black Sea Bass SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A Yes 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Yellowtail Snapper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A Yes 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Red Grouper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

12
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Black Grouper SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Wreckfish SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Scamp SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

White Grunt SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Greater Amberjack SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Mutton Snapper SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Gray (Mangrove) Snapper SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Lane Snapper SAFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Gray Triggerfish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Queen Triggerfish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Ocean Triggerfish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Yellow Jack SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Blue Runner SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

13
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Crevalle Jack SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Bar Jack SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Lesser Amberjack SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Almaco Jack SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Banded Rudderfish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Spadefish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Black Margate SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Porkfish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Margate SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Tomtate SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Smallmouth Grunt SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

French Grunt SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Spanish Grunt SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

14
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Cottonwick SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Sailors Choice SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Blue Stripe Grunt SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Hogfish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Puddingwife SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Black Snapper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Queen Snapper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Schoolmaster SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Blackfin Snapper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Cubera Snapper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Mahogany Snapper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Dog Snapper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Silk Snapper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

15
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Blueline Tilefish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Sand Tilefish SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Bank Sea Bass SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Rock Sea Bass SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Rock Hind SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Graysby SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Yellowedge Grouper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Coney SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper 

Red Hind SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Misty Grouper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Yellowmouth Grouper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Tiger Grouper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Yellowfin Grouper SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

16
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Sheepshead SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Grass Porgy SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Jolthead Porgy SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Saucereye Porgy SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Whitebone Porgy SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Knobbed Porgy SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Longspine Porgy SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic SnapperGrouper Scup SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Coast Red Drum Red Drum SAFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

South Atlantic Corals1 Fire Corals SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic Corals1 Hydrocorals SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic Corals1 Octocorals SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

South Atlantic Corals1 Stony Corals SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

17
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

South Atlantic Corals1 Black Corals SAFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A

Gulf of Mexico Stone Crab Stone Crab GMFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp GMFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp GMFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp GMFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp GMFMC No Undefined No* No N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown2 Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown2 Unknown N/A 

Rock Shrimp 

Seabob Shrimp 

Brown Shrimp 

Pink Shrimp 

White Shrimp 

Royal Red Shrimp 

Gulf of Mexico Corals3 GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals3 GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals3 GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals3 GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Corals3 GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Octocorals 

Stony Corals 

Black Corals 

Fire Corals 

Hydrocorals 

18
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Gulf of Mexico / 

South Atlantic Spiny Lobster Spiny Lobster SAFMC / GMFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

Gulf of Mexico / 

South Atlantic Spiny Lobster Slipper Lobster SAFMC / GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics 

of the Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

King 

Mackerel 

Gulf Group SAFMC / 

GMFMC Yes Undefined Yes** N/A No 

Atlantic Group SAFMC / 

GMFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics 

of the Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

Spanish 

Mackerel 

Gulf Group SAFMC / 

GMFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

Atlantic Group SAFMC / 

GMFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics 

of the Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

Cobia SAFMC/ 

GMFMC No Undefined Unknown** No N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics 

of the Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

Cero SAFMC / 

GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics 

of the Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

Dolphin SAFMC / 

GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics 

of the Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

Little Tunny SAFMC / 

GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

19
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics 

of the Gulf of Mexico 

and South Atlantic 

Bluefish (Gulf of Mexico only) GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper GMFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A No 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Nassau Grouper GMFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A No 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Jewfish GMFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A No 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Vermilion Snapper GMFMC No Undefined No* Yes N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Gag Grouper GMFMC No Undefined No* Yes N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Greater Amberjack GMFMC No Undefined No* No N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Gray Triggerfish GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Lesser Amberjack GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Almaco Jack GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Banded Rudderfish GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Tomtate GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Pigfish GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

20
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Schoolmaster 

Queen Snapper 

Mutton Snapper 

Blackfin Snapper 

Cubera Snapper 

Gray (Mangrove) Snapper 

Dog Snapper 

Mahogany Snapper 

Lane Snapper 

Silk Snapper 

Yellowtail Snapper 

Wenchman 

Goldface Tilefish 

21
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Blackline Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Anchor Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Blueline Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Rock Hind GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Speckled Hind GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Yellowedge Grouper GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Red Hind GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Red Grouper GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Misty Grouper GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Warsaw Grouper GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Snowy Grouper GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Black Grouper GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

22
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Yellowmouth Grouper GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Scamp GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Yellowfin Grouper GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Grass Porgy GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Jolthead Porgy GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Hogfish GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico Dwarf Sand Perch GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Sand Perch GMFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Mexico Red Drum Red Drum GMFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A No 

Caribbean Spiny Lobster5 Spiny Lobster CFMC No Undefined No* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Nassau Grouper CFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A No 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Jewfish CFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A No 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Ocean Surgeonfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Doctorfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Blue Tang CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

23
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Frogfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Flamefish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Conchfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Trumpetfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Scrawled Filefish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Queen Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Whitespotted Filefish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Ocean Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Black Durgon CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Sargassum Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Redlip Blenny CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Peacock Flounder CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Yellow Jack CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Blue Runner CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Horse-eye Jack CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Black Jack CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Bar Jack CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

24
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Greater Amberjack CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Almaco Jack CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Longsnout Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Foureye Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Spotfin Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Banded Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Redspotted Hawkfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Flying Gurnard CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Atlantic Spadefish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Neon Goby CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Rusty Goby CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Royal Gramma CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Porkfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Margate CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Tomtate CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 French Grunt CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 White Grunt CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

25
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Queen Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A

Hogfish 

Green Razorfish 

Bluehead Wrasse 

Black Snapper 

Yellowhead Wrasse 

Clown Wrasse 

Puddingwife 

Pearly Razorfish 

Cardinal Soldierfish 

Spanish Hogfish 

Creole Wrasse 

Yellowcheek Wrasse 

Bluestriped Grunt 

Squirrelfish 

Longspine Squirrelfish 

Blackbar Soldierfish 

26
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Mutton Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Schoolmaster CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Blackfin Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Gray Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Dog Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Mahogany Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Lane Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Silk Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Yellowtail Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Wenchman CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Vermilion Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Blackline Tilefish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Sand Tilefish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Yellow Goatfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Spotted Goatfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Chain Moray CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Green Moray CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

27
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Rock Beauty 

French Angelfish 

Gray Angelfish 

Blue Chromis 

Honeycomb Cowfish 

Scrawled Cowfish 

Trunkfish 

Smooth Trunkfish 

Sergeant Major 

Cherubfish 

Queen Angelfish 

Goldspotted Eel 

Yellowhead Jawfish 

Dusky Jawfish 

Spotted Trunkfish 

Goldentail Moray 

Batfish 

28
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Sunshinefish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Yellowtail Damselfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Dusky Damselfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Beaugregory CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Bicolor Damselfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Threespot Damselfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Bigeye CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Glasseye Snapper CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Midnight Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Blue Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Striped Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Rainbow Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Princess Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Queen Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Redband Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Redtail Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 Redfin Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

29
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Tiger Grouper 

Creole-fish 

Misty Grouper 

Butter Hamlet 

Swissguard Basslet 

Yellowfin Grouper 

Yellowedge Grouper 

Coney 

Red Hind 

Red Grouper 

Spotted Drum 

Scorpionfishes 

Rock Hind 

Graysby 

Stoplight Parrotfish 

High-hat 

Jackknife-fish 

30
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Reef Fish6 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Sand Diver 

Pipefishes 

Seahorses 

Lantern Bass 

Orangeback Bass 

Greater Soapfish 

Chalk Bass 

Harlequin Bass 

Tobaccofish 

Porcupinefish 

Sharpnose Puffer 

Caribbean Tonguefish 

Pluma 

Sheepshead Porgy 

Jolthead Porgy 

Sea Bream 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 Queen Conch CFMC Yes Undefined Yes* N/A No 

31
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Queen Conch7 CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Green Star Shell 

Flame Helmet 

Caribbean Vase 

Whelk (West Indian Top Shell) 

West Indian Fighting Conch 

Caribbean Helmet 

True Tulip 

Roostertail Conch 

Milk Conch 

Hawkwing Conch 

Cameo Helmet 

Atlantic Triton’s Trumpet 

Caribbean Corals8 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Sponges 

Hydrocorals 

Gorgonian Corals 

Soft Corals 

Hydroids 

32
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Caribbean Corals8 Hard Corals CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Black Corals CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Anemones CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Colonial Anemones CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 False Corals CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Annelid Worms CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Other Gastropods CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Bivalves CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Cephalopods CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Crustaceans CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Bryozoans CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Feather Stars CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Sea Stars CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Brittle and Basket Stars CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Sea Urchins CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Sea Cucumbers CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Tunicates CFMC Unknown Undefined Unknown* Unknown N/A 

33
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Caribbean Corals8 Green Algae CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Red Algae CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

Caribbean Corals8 Seagrasses CFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver 

Summer) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver 

Spring) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, Snake 

River, Spring) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Spring) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Summer / 

Fall) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Stillaguamish River, 

Summer / Fall) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Snohomish River, 

Summer / Fall) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Lake Washington) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Dungeness River) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Coho Salmon (Strait of Juan de Fuca) PFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Salmon other Chinook Salmon stocks PFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon other Coho Salmon stocks PFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Sockeye Salmon PFMC No No No9 Unknown N/A 

34
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Pink Salmon PFMC No No No9 Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chum Salmon PFMC No No No9 Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Steelhead PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown10 Unknown N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Pacific (Chub) Mackerel PFMC No No No No N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Pacific Sardine PFMC No No No No N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Jack Mackerel PFMC No Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Northern Anchovy PFMC No Undefined Unknown** Unknown N/A 

Coastal Pelagic Species Market Squid PFMC No Undefined Unknown ** Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Lingcod PFMC No Yes Yes11 N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Ocean Perch PFMC No Yes Yes11 N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bocaccio PFMC No Yes Yes11 N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bank Rockfish PFMC Yes Unknown Yes N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Darkblotched Rockfish PFMC Yes Unknown Yes N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Silvergrey Rockfish PFMC Yes Unknown Yes N/A No 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Canary Rockfish PFMC No Unknown Unknown Yes N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Shortspine Thornyhead PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Yellowtail Rockfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

35
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No No No No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC No Unknown Unknown No N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rex Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A

Pacific Sanddab 

Pacific Whiting 

Flathead Sole 

Curlfin Sole 

Butter Sole 

Arrowtooth Flounder 

Cowcod 

Widow Rockfish 

Sablefish 

Petrale Sole 

English Sole 

Dover Sole 

Pacific Cod 

Longspine Thornyhead 

Shortbelly Rockfish 

Chilipepper Rockfish 

36
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rock Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Sand Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Starry Flounder PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Aurora Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Black Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Black-and-Yellow Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Blackgill Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Blue Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bronzespotted Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

37
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Greenblotched Rockfish 

Grass Rockfish 

Gopher Rockfish 

Honeycomb Rockfish 

Harlequin Rockfish 

Greenstriped Rockfish 

Greenspotted Rockfish 

Pink Rockfish 

Olive Rockfish 

Mexican Rockfish 

Kelp Rockfish 

Flag Rockfish 

Dusty Rockfish 

Copper Rockfish 

China Rockfish 

Calico Rockfish 

Brown Rockfish 

38
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Yelloweye Rockfish 

Yellowmouth Rockfish 

Starry Rockfish 

Stripetail Rockfish 

Tiger Rockfish 

Vermilion Rockfish 

Speckled Rockfish 

Splitnose Rockfish 

Squarespot Rockfish 

Rosethorn Rockfish 

Redstripe Rockfish 

Redbanded Rockfish 

Quillback Rockfish 

Shortraker Rockfish 

Sharpchin Rockfish 

Rougheye Rockfish 

Rosy Rockfish 

39
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Spiny Dogfish 

Big Skate 

California Skate 

Leopard Shark 

Soupfin Shark 

Pacific Rattail 

Finescale Codling 

Ratfish 

Longnose Skate 

Cabezon 

California Scorpionfish 

Kelp Greenling 

Treefish 

Western Pacific Crustaceans WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Crustaceans WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Crustaceans WPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown4 Kona Crab Unknown N/A

Slipper Lobster 

Spiny Lobster (2 species) 

Western Pacific Corals12 Pink Corals (3 species) WPFMC No No No No N/A 

40 
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Western Pacific Corals12 Gold Corals (4 species) WPFMC No No No No N/A 

Western Pacific Corals12 Bamboo Corals (2 species) WPFMC No No No No N/A 

Western Pacific Corals12 Black Corals (3 species) WPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Pelagic Armorhead WPFMC Undefined Yes Yes* N/A Yes 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Seabass (Main Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC Undefined No No* Yes N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest and Main 

Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Longtail Snapper (Northwest and Main 

Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Silverjaw Jobfish WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Gray Jobfish WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Bluestripe Snapper WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Yellowtail Snapper WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

41
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Pink Snapper WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Yelloweye Snapper WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Snapper Pristipomoides sieboldii WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Snapper Pristipomoides zonatus WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Giant Trevally WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Black Jack WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Thick Lipped Trevally WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Amberjack WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Blacktip Grouper WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

Seabass (Northwest Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

42
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the 

Western Pacific 

WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Redgill Emperor 

Alfonsin 

Ratfish 

Lunartail Grouper 

Ambon Emperor 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics WPFMC Undefined No No* Unknown N/A 

Albacore (South Pacific) 

Albacore (North Pacific) 

Yellowfin Tuna (Central Western Pacific) 

Black Marlin 

Yellowfin Tuna 

Skipjack Tuna (Central Western Pacific) 

Skipjack Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific) 

Striped Marlin 

Bigeye Tuna (Pacific) 

(Eastern Tropical Pacific) 

43
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Western Pacific Pelagics 

Other tuna 

relatives 

Auxis spp. WPFMC Undefined No No* Unknown N/A 

Scomber spp. WPFMC Undefined No No* Unknown N/A 

Allothunnus spp. WPFMC Undefined No No* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Swordfish (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined No No* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Pomfret WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Sailfish (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Shortbill Spearfish (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Wahoo (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Mahimahi (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Pelagic Sharks (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Blue Marlin (Pacific) WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Opah WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Oilfish WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Western Pacific Pelagics Escolar WPFMC Undefined Unknown Unknown* Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Western / Central Walleye Pollock NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Eastern Walleye Pollock NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Cod NPFMC No No No No N/A 

44
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sablefish NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortspine Thornyhead NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Arrowtooth Flounder NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Western Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Central Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Eastern Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Atka Mackerel NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Alaska Plaice NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Butter Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Deepsea Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Dover Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish English Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Flathead Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Greenland Turbot NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rex Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Northern Rock Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Southern Rock Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

45
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sand Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Starry Flounder NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowfin Sole NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Dusky Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yelloweye Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Aurora Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blackgill Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Bocaccio NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Chilipepper NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Darkblotched Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Greenstriped Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Harlequin Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Northern Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pygmy Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Redbanded Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Redstripe Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rougheye Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

46
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sharpchin Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortbelly Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortraker Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Silvergrey Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Splitnose Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Stripetail Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Vermilion Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowmouth Rockfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish C-O Sole NPFMC Unknown13 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Curlfin Sole NPFMC Unknown13 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Hybrid Sole NPFMC Unknown13 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Longhead Dab NPFMC Unknown13 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Sanddab NPFMC Unknown13 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Petrale Sole NPFMC Unknown13 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Roughscale Sole NPFMC Unknown13 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Slender Sole NPFMC Unknown13 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Bering Flounder NPFMC Unknown14 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

47
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Kamchatka Flounder NPFMC Unknown15 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Black Rockfish NPFMC Unknown16 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blue Rockfish NPFMC Unknown16 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Widow Rockfish NPFMC Unknown16 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowtail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown16 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Canary Rockfish NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish China Rockfish NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Copper Rockfish NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Quillback Rockfish NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rosethorn Rockfish NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Tiger Rockfish NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Broad Banded Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown18 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Longspine Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown18 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blue Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Brown Cat Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Sleeper Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Salmon Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

48
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Great Sculpin 

Dusky Sculpin 

Blackfin Sculpin 

Bigmouth Sculpin 

Armorhead Sculpin 

Starry Skate 

Sandpaper Skate 

Roughtail Skate 

Longnose Skate 

Flathead Skate 

Big Skate 

Aleutian Skate 

Alaska Skate 

Spiny Dogfish Shark 

Sixgill Shark 

Ribbed Sculpin 

Red Irish Lord 

49
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Roughspine Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Spinyhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Tadpole Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Thorny Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellow Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Ocotpus Octopus dofleini NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Octopus Opisthoteuthis california NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Squid Berryteuthis magister NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Capelin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Eulachon NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rainbow Smelt NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Pink Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Sockeye Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Chum Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Coho Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Chinook Salmon NPFMC Undefined No No* No N/A 

50
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Walleye 

Pollock 

Eastern Bering Sea NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Aleutian Islands NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bogoslof NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pacific Cod NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Yellowfin Sole NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Greenland Turbot NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Arrowtooth Flounder NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Rock Sole NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Flathead Sole NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eastern Bering Sea Sablefish NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Aleutian Islands Sablefish NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eastern Bering Sea Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Aleutian Islands Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No No No N/A 

51
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Eastern Bering Sea Rougheye Rockfish 

Aleutian Islands Sharpchin Rockfish 

Aleutian Islands Northern Rockfish 

Aleutian Islands Shortraker Rockfish 

Eastern Bering Sea Northern Rockfish 

Eastern Bering Sea Sharpchin Rockfish 

Eastern Bering Sea Shortraker Rockfish 

Aleutian Islands Rougheye Rockfish 

Atka Mackerel 

Squid Berryteuthis magister 

Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus 

Alaska Plaice 

Longspine Thornyhead 

52
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Shortspine Thornyhead NPFMC No Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Bering Flounder NPFMC Unknown14 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Kamchatka Flounder NPFMC Unknown15 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Arctic Flounder NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Butter Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish C-O Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish California Tonguefish NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Curlfin Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Deepsea Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Dover Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish English Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Hybrid Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Longhead Dab NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

53
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pacific Sanddab NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Petrale Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Rex Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Roughscale Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Sand Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Slender Sole NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Starry Flounder NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Aurora Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Black Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Blackgill Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Blue Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Bocaccio NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Brown Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

54
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Canary Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Chameleon Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Chilipepper NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Copper Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Darkblotched Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Dusky Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Gray Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Greenstriped Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Harlequin Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pink Rose Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pygmy Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Redbanded Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Redstripe Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

55
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Rosethorn Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Rosy Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Silvergrey Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Splitnose Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Stripetail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Tiger Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Vermilion Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Widow Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Yelloweye Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Yellowmouth Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Yellowtail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Broad Banded Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Antlered Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

56
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Armorhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Bigmouth Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Blackfin Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Blob Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Brown Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Butterfly Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Calico Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Crested Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Dusky Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Great Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Pacific Staghorn Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Plain Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Red Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

57
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Ribbed Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Scissortail Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Shorthorn Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Spinyhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Tadpole Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Thorny Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Warty Sculpin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Yellow Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Alaska Skate NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Aleutian Skate NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Big Skate NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Commander Skate NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Deepsea Skate NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

58
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

White-Blotched Skate 

Whitebrow Skate 

Golden Skate 

Longnose Skate 

Starry Skate 

Roughtail Skate 

Sandpiper Skate 

Mud Skate 

Okhotsk Skate 

Blue Shark 

Pacific Sleeper Shark 

Salmon Shark 

Sixgill Shark 

59
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Soupfin Shark NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Spiny Dogfish Shark NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

60
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Capelin NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Eulachon NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Rainbow Smelt NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Octopus Octopus dofleini NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish Octopus Opisthoteuthis california NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and 

Tanner Crabs 

Blue King 

Crab 

Pribilof Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Saint Matthew Island NPFMC No Yes Yes N/A No 

Saint Lawrence Island NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and 

Tanner Crabs 

Golden King 

Crab 

Aleutian Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Pribilof Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Northern District NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and 

Tanner Crabs 

Red King 

Crab 

Bristol Bay NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Norton Sound NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Pribilof Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Aleutian Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

61
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crabs Aleutian Islands Scarlet King Crab NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crabs Bering Sea Snow Crab NPFMC No Yes Yes N/A No 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and 

Tanner Crabs 

Tanner Crab 

Bering Sea NPFMC No Yes Yes N/A No 

Bering Sea Triangle NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bering Sea Grooved NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Eastern Aleutian Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Eastern Aleutian Islands 

Triangle NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Eastern Aleutian Islands 

Grooved NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Adak (Western Aleutians) NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Western Aleutian Islands 

Grooved NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Alaska Scallops Alaska Scallops NPFMC No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Billfishes Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes Yes*** N/A Yes 

Atlantic Billfishes White Marlin (North Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes Yes*** N/A Yes 

Atlantic Billfishes Sailfish (West Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes Yes*** N/A Yes 

62
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Atlantic Billfishes Spearfish (West Atlantic) HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Bigeye Tuna (Atlantic) HMS Yes No Yes*** N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Albacore (North Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes Yes*** N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Bluefin Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Swordfish (North Atlantic) HMS Yes Yes Yes*** N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Sandbar Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Blacktip Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Dusky Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Spinner Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Silky Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Bull Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Bignose Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Narrowtooth Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

63
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Galapagos Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Night Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Caribbean Reef Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Tiger Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Lemon Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Sand Tiger Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Bigeye Sand Tiger Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Nurse Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Scalloped Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Great Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Smooth Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Whale Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Basking Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

64
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks White Shark HMS Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Yellowfin Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Atlantic Sharpnose Shark HMS No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Caribbean Sharpnose Shark HMS No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Finetooth Shark HMS No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Blacknose Shark HMS No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Smalltail Shark HMS No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Bonnethead Shark HMS No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Atlantic Angel Shark HMS No No No No N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Skipjack Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Shortfin Mako Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Longfin Mako Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Porbeagle Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

65
Approaching Rebuilding 

Fishery Management Plan Jurisdiction Fishing 

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Program? 

Overfished? 

Stock 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Bigeye Sixgill Sharks 

Thresher Shark 

Bigeye Thresher Shark 

Blue Shark 

Oceanic Whitetip Shark 

Sevengill Shark 

Sixgill Shark 

Iceland Cat Shark 

Smallfin Cat Shark 

Deepwater Cat Shark 

Broadgill Cat Shark 

Marbled Cat Shark 

Blotched Cat Shark 

66
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Chain Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Dwarf Catshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Japanese Gulper Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Gulper Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Little Gulper Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Kitefin Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Flatnose Gulper Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Portuguese Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Greenland Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Lined Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Broadband Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Caribbean Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Great Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

67
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Smooth Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Fringefin Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Green Lanternshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Cookiecutter Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Bigtooth Cookiecutter HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Smallmouth Velvet Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Pygmy Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Roughskin Spiny Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Blainville's Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Cuban Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Bramble Shark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks American Sawshark HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Florida Smoothhound HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

68
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Rebuilding 

Fishing Program?

Mortality 

Rate 

Biomass Overfished? 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish 

and Sharks Smooth Dogfish HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A 

69
* Pre-SFA overfishing definition. May not include both Fishing Mortality Rate and Stock Level / Biomass criteria. 

** Partially approved overfishing definition. May not include both Fishing Mortality Rate and Stock Level / Biomass criteria. 

*** The HMS and Atlantic Billfish FMPs contain a rebuilding plan to develop an international rebuilding program, which requires adoption by the 

International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas. 

1. The full name for this FMP is the Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region. 

2. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living 

Oceans. 

3. The full name for this FMP is the Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico. 

4. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

5. The full name for this FMP is the Spiny Lobster Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. 

6. The full name for this FMP is the Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. 

7. The full name for this FMP is the Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. 

8. The full name for this FMP is the Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. 

9. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; the overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply because there are no escapement goals or 

management objectives for this species. 

10. The overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply because there are no escapement goals or management objectives for this species, and 

there is no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

11. The Pacific Fishery Management Council was notified on March 3, 1999 that this species is overfished and the Council is required to submit a 

rebuilding program within one year of that date. 

12. The full name for this FMP is the Precious Corals Fishery of the Western Pacific Region. 

13. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Shallow Water Flatfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Alaska Plaice, Butter 

Sole, English Sole, Northern Rock Sole, Southern Rock Sole, Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, and Yellowfin Sole; no fishing mortality rate determination can 

be made about the other species. 

65
14. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Flathead Sole complex) is “not overfished” based on Flathead Sole; no fishing 

mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

15. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Arrowtooth Flounder complex) is “not overfished” based on Arrowtooth Flounder; 

no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

16. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Pelagic Shelf Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Dusky Rockfish; no 

fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

17. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Demersal Shelf Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Yelloweye Rockfish; 

no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

18. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Thornyhead Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Shortspine Thornyhead; 

no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

19. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Flatfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Alaska Plaice; no fishing 

mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

20. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Longspine Thornyhead and 

Shortspine Thornyhead; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the other species. 

21. The fishing mortality rate determination for this species complex (Other Species complex) is “not overfished” based on abundance estimates of the 

complex; no fishing mortality rate determination can be made about the individual species. 

66
Table A2. Summary of Stock Status for Species not Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans 

Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished Condition? Fishing 

Mortality Rate Biomass Overfished? 

Little Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Winter Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Barndoor Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Thorny Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Brier Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Leopard Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Smooth-tailed Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Queen Triggerfish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Weakfish ASMFC No Yes Yes2 N/A 

Spotted Seatrout ASMFC Unknown Unknown Unknown3 Unknown 

Spot ASMFC Unknown Unknown Unknown3 Unknown 

Atlantic Croaker ASMFC Yes Yes Yes2 N/A 

Atlantic Menhaden ASMFC No No No2 Unknown 

Striped Bass ASMFC No No No2 Unknown 

Northern Shrimp ASMFC No No No Yes4 

Gulf Menhaden GSMFC No No No2 Unknown 

67
Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished Condition? 

Unknown 

Fishing 

Mortality Rate Biomass Overfished? 

Unknown Unknown Unknown3 Black Drum GSMFC 

Pacific Bonito PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

California Barracuda PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

White Seabass PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

White Croaker PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Yellowtail PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Giant Squid PFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Mackerel Scad WPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Bigeye Scad WPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Pacific Halibut PFMC and NPFMC5 No Undefined No* No 

Rattails NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Sea Snails NPFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown3 Unknown 

Bonito (Atlantic) HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

Little Tunny (Atlantic) HMS Unknown Unknown Unknown1 Unknown 

68
* Pre-SFA overfishing definition. May not include both Fishing Mortality Rate and Stock Level / Biomass criteria. 

1. There is no FMP for this species, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

2. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; there is no FMP for this species. 

3. There is no FMP for this species; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living Oceans. 

4. Assessment is based on NEFSC autumn bottom trawl survey and the ASMFC summer shrimp survey (NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE 115, 

Status of Fishery Resources off the Northeastern United States for 1998). 

5. The resource is managed by treaty between the United States and Canada through recommendations of the International Pacific Halibut Commission. Pacific halibut 

is managed under the jurisdiction of the PFMC for WA, OR, and CA and under the jurisdiction of the NPFMC for Alaska. 

69 
Table A3. Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans Under Development 

Stock Jurisdiction 

Overfished? Approaching 

Overfished Condition? Fishing 

Mortality Rate Biomass Overfished? 

Tilefish MAFMC Yes Yes Yes1 N/A 

Atlantic Herring NEFMC No Undefined No* No 

Spiny Dogfish NEFMC / MAFMC Yes Unknown Yes* N/A 

Wahoo SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown2 Unknown 

Calico Scallops SAFMC Unknown Unknown Unknown3 Unknown 

* Pre-SFA overfishing definition. May not include both Fishing Mortality Rate and Stock Level / Biomass criteria. 

1. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; there is no FMP for this species. 

2. There is no FMP for this species, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

3. There is no FMP for this species; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living Oceans. 

70
Appendix 1. Overfishing Definitions Contained in Fishery Management Plans 

The following definitions are as contained in the Fishery Management Plans, with minor editing 

changes to maintain consistency of terms. See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this 

appendix. 

Atlantic Sea Scallop – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmax, which is currently 0.24, when the stock biomass is equal 

to or greater than Bmax. 

A stock is overfished when stock biomass is below 1⁄4Bmax

greater than zero. 

and overfishing occurs when F is 

Atlantic Salmon - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing is currently not defined (fishing mortality is set equal to zero). 

A stock is overfished when the stock biomass falls below BMSY (54,000 spawning salmon is set as 

a proxy for BMSY) 

American Lobster - The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines 

and the assessments contained in this report are based on this definition. This definition contains 

only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. An overfishing definition consistent with SFA 

guidelines is currently under review. 

The American lobster resource is considered recruitment overfished when, throughout its range, 

the fishing mortality rate (F), given the regulations in place at that time under the suite of regional 

management measures, results in a reduction in estimated egg production per recruit to 10% or 

less of a non-fished population. 

The development of the status of the stock report and the evaluation of the fishery induced effects 

will consider information based upon one or more indices including, but not limited to: Larval 

abundance index in surface waters; larval settlement index; pre-recruit indices by year-class; 

landings; size composition of the landings; spawning stock biomass; numbers of egg-bearing 

females; effort levels and catch-per-unit-of-effort (CPUE); and possible development of 

relationships of biological parameters to water temperature or other environmental parameters. 

71
Northeast Multispecies 

Cod (Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank) - Overfishing definitions were fully approved under SFA 

guidelines, however, they were not used to make the assessments contained in this report because 

peer reviewed assessments were not available under the new definitions. The overfishing 

definition approved under pre-SFA guidelines was used to make the assessments contained in this 

report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Pre-SFA: Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 

20% MSP. 

SFA: Cod (Gulf of Maine) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (estimated to be F=0.31). 

The target fishing mortality for the stock is the lower 80th percentile of Fmsy. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than B

mt). 

msy (estimated to be 33,000 

SFA: Cod (Georges Bank) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (estimated to be F=0.32). 

The target fishing mortality for the stock is the lower 80th percentile of Fmsy. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than B

108,000 mt). 

msy (estimated to be 

Haddock (Georges Bank) – The overfishing definition was fully approved under SFA guidelines, 

however, it was not used to make the assessments contained in this report because peer reviewed 

assessments were not available under the new definition. The overfishing definition approved 

under pre-SFA guidelines was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This 

definition contains only a fishing morality rate (F) component. 

Pre-SFA: Overfishing is defined for Gulf of Maine haddock as the fishing mortality rate 

associated with 20% MSP, and for Georges Bank haddock, the fishing mortality rate associated 

with 30% MSP. 

SFA: Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy

mortality for the stock is the lower 75th percentile of Fmsy. 

(estimated to be F=0.26). The target fishing 

A stock is overfished when the spawning stock biomass (SSB) is less than B

105,000 mt, the mean SSB from 1931-1961). 

msy (estimated to be 

Haddock (Gulf of Maine) - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under 

SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

72
Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy

[catch/survey biomass] of 0.29). The target fishing mortality for the stock is the lower 80th 

(estimated by proxy to be a relative exploitation index 

percentile of Fmsy. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than the survey proxy for B

(8.25 kg/tow from the NMFS Autumn survey). 

msy 

Yellowtail Flounder (Georges Bank, Southern New England, Middle Atlantic) – Overfishing

definitions were fully approved under SFA guidelines, however, they were not used to make the

assessments contained in this report because peer reviewed assessments were not available under

the new definitions. The overfishing definition approved under pre-SFA guidelines was used to

make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing morality rate

(F) component.

Pre-SFA; Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with

20% MSP.

SFA: Yellowtail Flounder (Georges Bank) – Overfishing occurs when F exceeds F

(estimated to be F=0.30). The target fishing mortality for the stock is the lower 80th percentile of

msy 

Fmsy. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than B

mt). 

msy (estimated to be 49,000 

SFA: Yellowtail Flounder (Southern New England) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds F

(estimated to be F=0.23). The target fishing mortality for the stock is the lower 80th percentile of 

msy 

Fmsy. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than B

mt). 

msy (estimated to be 51,000 

SFA: Yellowtail Flounder (Middle Atlantic) - Overfishing occurs when F exceeds F

(estimated by proxy to be a relative exploitation index [catch/survey biomass] of 0.36). The 

threshold. 

msy 

target fishing mortality for the stock is 60% of F

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than the survey proxy for B

(9.15 kg/tow from the NMFS Autumn survey). 

msy 

Yellowtail Flounder (Cape Cod) – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved 

under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The 

definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (estimated by proxy to be a relative exploitation index 

73
[catch/survey biomass] of 0.17). The target fishing mortality for the stock is the lower 80th 

percentile of Fmsy. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than Bmsy (14,000 mt). 

American Plaice – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (estimated to be F=0.18). The target fishing mortality for 

the stock is 60% of F0.1 proxy (F=0.11). 

A stock is overfished when the spawning stock biomass (SSB) is less than Bmsy (as defined by 

SSB/R at F0.1, estimated to be 40,000 mt). 

Redfish - The overfishing definition was fully approved under SFA guidelines, however, it was 

not used to make the assessments contained in this report because peer reviewed assessments 

were not available under the new definition. The overfishing definition approved under pre-SFA 

guidelines was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains 

only a fishing morality rate (F) component. 

Pre-SFA: Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 

20% MSP. 

SFA: Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy

20%. 

(estimated to be F=0.116). The target fishing 

mortality for the stock is 60% of F

A stock is overfished when the spawning stock biomass (SSB) is less than B

121,000 mt). 

msy (estimated to be 

Witch Flounder – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (estimated to be F=0.14). The target fishing mortality for 

msy the stock is the lower 80 . th percentile of F

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than B

mt). 

msy (estimated to be 21,000 

White Hake – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

74
Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy (estimated to be F=0.25). The target fishing mortality for 

msy the stock is the lower 80 . th percentile of F

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than B

mt). 

msy (estimated to be 22,000 

Pollock – The overfishing definition was fully approved under SFA guidelines, however, it was 

not used to make the assessments contained in this report because peer reviewed assessments 

were not available under the new definition. The overfishing definition approved under pre-SFA 

guidelines was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains 

only a fishing morality rate (F) component. 

Pre-SFA: Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 

20% MSP. 

SFA: Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy

mortality for the stock is the lower 75th percentile of F20%. 

(estimated to be F=0.65). The target fishing 

A stock is overfished when the spawning stock biomass (SSB) is less than B

102,000 mt). 

msy (estimated to be 

Windowpane Flounder (Gulf of Maine / George Bank) – The following overfishing definition 

has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in 

this report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy

[catch/survey biomass] of 1.11). The target fishing mortality for the stock is 60% of F

 (estimated by proxy to be a relative exploitation index 

threshold. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than the survey proxy for B

(0.94 kg/tow from the NMFS Autumn survey). 

msy 

Windowpane Flounder (Southern New England / Middle Atlantic) – The following 

overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the 

assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and 

biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy

[catch/survey biomass] of 2.24). The target fishing mortality for the stock is the lower 80th 

(estimated by proxy to be a relative exploitation index 

percentile of the Fmsy proxy. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than the survey proxy for B

(0.41 kg/tow from the NMFS survey). 

msy 

75
Winter Flounder (Gulf of Maine) - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA 

guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was 

used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing 

morality rate (F) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. 

Winter Flounder (Georges Bank) - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved 

under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The 

definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds FMSY

[catch/survey biomass] of 0.98). The target fishing mortality for the stock is 75% of F

 (estimated by proxy to be a relative exploitation index 

MSY. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than the survey proxy for B

(2.74 kg/tow from the NMFS Autumn survey). 

MSY 

Winter Flounder (Southern New England) - The following overfishing definition has been fully 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds FMSY (estimated to be F = 0.32). The target fishing mortality 

MSY for the stock is the lower 80 . thpercentile of F

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than the survey proxy for B

(estimated to be 25,800 mt). 

MSY 

Silver Hake (Gulf of Maine / Northern Georges Bank, Southern Georges Bank / Middle 

Atlantic) - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and 

was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a fishing 

mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fthreshold. The Fthreshold is less than or equal to the fishing 

mortality rate that can produce maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) and varies with stock size based 

on whether the biomass is above or below (and how far below BMSY). F0.1 (0.41 for Gulf of Maine 

/ Northern Georges Bank Silver Hake, and 0.39 for Southern Georges Bank / Middle Atlantic 

Silver Hake) is used as a proxy for FMSY and the target fishing mortality rates are 0.36 and 0.34 for 

the northern and southern stocks respectively. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is less than that which can produce maximum sustainable 

) on a continuing basis. The stratified mean NEFSC survey weight per tow during 

MSY are available. 

yield (BMSY

1973-1982 is used as a biomass target until estimates of B

76
Offshore Hake - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fthreshold. The Fthreshold is less than or equal to the fishing 

mortality rate that can produce maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) and varies with stock size based 

on whether the biomass is above or below (and how far below BMSY). Fthreshold is currently not 

defined for this stock. 

A stock is overfished when the 3 year moving average weight per individual in the autumn survey 

falls below the 25th percentile of the average weight per individual from the autumn survey time 

series 1963-1997 (0.236) and when the 3 year moving average of the abundance of immature fish 

less than 30 cm falls below the median value of the 1963-1997 autumn survey abundance of fish 

less than 30 cm (0.33). 

Red Hake (Southern Georges Bank / Middle Atlantic) - The following overfishing definition 

has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in 

this report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fthreshold. The Fthreshold is less than or equal to the fishing 

mortality rate that can produce maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) and varies with stock size based 

on whether the biomass is above or below (and how far below BMSY). Currently, no Fthreshold is 

defined. 

A stock is overfished when the 3 year moving average weight per individual in the autumn survey 

falls below the 25th percentile of the average weight per individual from the autumn survey time 

series 1963-1997 (0.12) and when the 3 year moving average of the abundance of immature fish 

less than 25 cm falls below the median value of the 1963-1997 autumn survey abundance of fish 

less than 25 cm (4.72). 

Red Hake (Gulf of Maine / Northern Georges Bank) - The following overfishing definition has 

been fully approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this 

report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fthreshold. The Fthreshold is less than or equal to the fishing 

mortality rate that can produce maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) and varies with stock size based 

on whether the biomass is above or below (and how far below BMSY). The fishing mortality 

threshold FMSY is 0.65 when the fall survey index is greater than 3.1 kg/tow (BMSY proxy) and 

decreases linearly to zero at 1.6 kg/tow (1⁄2BMSY proxy). Target F is 60% of the FMSY proxy ( FMSY 

= 0.39) when the fall survey index is greater than 3.1 kg/tow and decreases linearly to zero at 1.6 

kg/tow. 

A stock is overfished when the biomass is less than that which can produce maximum sustainable 

77
yield (BMSY) on a continuing basis. The stratified mean NEFSC survey weight per tow during 

MSY 1973-1982 is used as a biomass target until estimates of B are available. Current proxy for

BMSY is 2,000 mt. 

Ocean Pout – The overfishing definition was fully approved under SFA guidelines, however, it 

was not used to make the assessments contained in this report because peer reviewed assessments 

were not available under the new definition. The overfishing definition approved under pre-SFA 

guidelines was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains 

only a stock biomass (B) component. 

Pre-SFA: Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average of the species abundance index 

from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile 

of the time series. 

SFA: Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fmsy

index [catch/survey biomass] of 0.31). The target fishing mortality for the stock is 60% of the 

(estimated by proxy to be a relative exploitation 

Fmsy. 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than the survey proxy for B

(4.9 kg/tow for the NMFS survey). 

msy 

Atlantic Halibut - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds FMSY (0.06). Maximum rebuilding time is undefined for this 

stock. No fishing mortality is permitted (F = 0) until the stock is rebuilt (provisional control law). 

A stock is overfished when the total stock biomass (TSB) is less than BMSY (5,400 mt). 

Monkfish – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds Fthreshold

for the South). 

(estimated to be F=0.051 for the North and F=0.217 

A stock is overfished when the survey index is less than Bthreshold

0.75 kg/tow for the South). 

(1.45 kg/tow for the North and 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and Black Sea Bass 

Scup - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines and 

78
was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a fishing 

mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the threshold Fmsy (Fmax is used as a proxy, set at 0.26). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass index for rebuilding is less than Bthreshold, which 

is the maximum value of a 3-year moving average of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s 

spring survey catch per tow of spawning stock biomass (SSB) (2.77 kg/tow, the average of 1977-

1979). 

Summer Flounder - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the threshold of Fmsy (Fmax is used as a proxy, set at 0.24). 

A stock is overfished when total biomass falls below the minimum biomass threshold of 1⁄2Bmsy. 

Since the biomass target (Bmsy) cannot be estimated, biomass per recruit at Fmax (3.7754 

kg/recruit), times an average recruitment during 1982-1996 (40.6 million fish), is used for a Bmsy 

proxy. 

Black Sea Bass - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the threshold Fmsy (Fmax is used as a proxy, set at 0.32). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass index for rebuilding is less than Bthreshold, which 

is the maximum value of a 3-year moving average of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s 

spring survey catch per tow of spawning stock biomass (SSB) (0.9 kg/tow, the average of 1977-

1979). 

Bluefish (except Gulf of Mexico) - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved 

under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The 

definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when F exceeds the threshold FMSY (F = 0.4). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than 1⁄2BMSY (53,750 mt). 

Surf Clams and Ocean Quahogs 

Surf Clam - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA guidelines. The following 

79
overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make the 

assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing morality rate (F) 

component. 

The overfishing definition for surf clams is the fishing mortality rate of F20% (20% of MSP). 

Ocean Quahog – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the overfishing target is exceeded, which is 1⁄2 the virgin biomass and F0.1 

of F for the exploited region. 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy or 1⁄4 of the virgin biomass. 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish 

Illex Squid - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the catch associated with a target F of Fmsy is exceeded. Annual quotas 

are set equal to 75% of Fmsy (0.56). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy. 

Loligo Squid - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA guidelines 

and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains both a 

fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the catch associated with a threshold F of Fmax is exceeded (Fmax is a 

proxy for Fmsy). When the biomass is greater than 80,000 mt, annual quotas are set to correspond 

to a target F of 75% of Fmax. The quota declines linearly to zero at 40,000 mt (1⁄2Bmsy). 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy. 

Atlantic Mackerel – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the catch associated with a target F exceeds the threshold Fmsy (0.45). 

A stock is overfished when the SSB is less than 890,000 mt. 

80
Butterfish (Atlantic) – The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing occurs when the catch associated with a target F of Fmsy is exceeded. Annual quotas 

are set equal to 75% of Fmsy . 

A stock is overfished when the minimum biomass is less than 1⁄2Bmsy. 

Golden Crab of the South Atlantic - The following overfishing definition was partially approved 

under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This 

definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Overfishing is defined as any rate of fishing mortality in excess of Fmsy for golden crab in the South 

Atlantic Council’s management area. 

Shrimp Fishery of the South Atlantic - The following overfishing definitions were partially 

approved under SFA guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

For White Shrimp the definition contains only a biomass (B) component, and for Rock Shrimp, 

Brown Shrimp, and Pink Shrimp the definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) 

component. 

White Shrimp – The South Atlantic white shrimp resource is overfished when the overwintering 

white shrimp population within a state’s water declines by 80% or more following severe winter 

weather resulting in prolonged cold water temperatures. 

Rock Shrimp – Overfishing occurs when the annual landings exceed the value which is two 

standard deviations above mean landings for the period 1986-1994. 

Brown Shrimp and Pink Shrimp – Overfishing occurs when annual landings fall below two 

standard deviations below mean landings for the period 1957-1993 for 3 consecutive years. 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper - The following overfishing definition was partially approved 

under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This 

definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Jewfish, Nassau Grouper - Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate (F) in excess of the 

fishing mortality rate at 40% Static SPR (F40% Static SPR), which is the MSY proxy for jewfish 

and Nassau grouper. The threshold level is defined as 30% Static SPR. 

Vermilion Snapper, Red Porgy, Gag Grouper, Red Snapper, Speckled Hind, Snowy 

Grouper, Warsaw Grouper, Golden Tilefish, Black Sea Bass, Yellowtail Snapper, Red 

81
Grouper, Black Grouper, Wreckfish, Scamp, White Grunt, Greater Amberjack, Mutton 

Snapper, Gray (Mangrove) Snapper, Lane Snapper, Gray Triggerfish, Queen Triggerfish, 

Ocean Triggerfish, Yellow Jack, Blue Runner, Crevalle Jack, Bar Jack, Lesser Amberjack, 

Almaco Jack, Banded Rudderfish, Spadefish, Black Margate, Porkfish, Margate, Tomtate, 

Smallmouth Grunt, French Grunt, Spanish Grunt, Cottonwick, Sailors Choice, Blue Stripe 

Grunt, Hogfish, Puddingwife, Black Snapper, Queen Snapper, Schoolmaster, Blackfin 

Snapper, Cubera Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Dog Snapper, Silk Snapper, Blueline 

Tilefish, Sand Tilefish, Bank Sea Bass, Rock Sea Bass, Rock Hind, Graysby, Yellowedge 

Grouper, Coney, Red Hind, Misty Grouper, Yellowmouth Grouper, Tiger Grouper, 

Yellowfin Grouper, Sheepshead, Grass Porgy, Jolthead Porgy, Saucereye Porgy, 

Whitebone Porgy, Knobbed Porgy, Longspine Porgy, Scup - Overfishing is defined as a 

fishing mortality rate (F) in excess of the fishing mortality rate at 30% Static SPR (F30% Static 

SPR), which is the snapper-grouper MSY proxy. The threshold level is defined as 10% Static 

SPR. 

Atlantic Coast Red Drum - The following overfishing definition was partially approved under 

SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition 

contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate (F) in excess of the fishing mortality rate at 30% 

Static SPR (F30% Static SPR), which is the red drum MSY proxy. The threshold level is defined 

as 10% Static SPR. 

Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region - The 

following overfishing definition was partially approved under SFA guidelines and was used to 

make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality 

rate (F) component. 

Fire Corals, Hydrocorals, Octocorals, Stony Corals, Black Corals - Overfishing is defined as 

an annual level of harvest that exceeds optimum yield (OY). OY for coral reefs, stony corals, 

hydrocorals, black corals, seafans, and live rock is zero, except as may be authorized for scientific 

and educational purposes. Harvest of allowable octocorals in the EEZ is specified by the South 

Atlantic Council each year. 

Stone Crab Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico - The overfishing definition was disapproved under 

SFA guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and 

was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a 

biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing exists when the realized egg production per recruit is reduced below 70% of potential 

production. Overfishing will be avoided when there is a minimum claw length (length of 

prodopus) that assures survival of the crabs to achieve 70% egg production per recruit potential. 

82
Shrimp Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico - The overfishing definitions were disapproved under SFA 

guidelines. The following overfishing definitions were approved under pre-SFA guidelines and 

were used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definitions for Brown Shrimp, 

Pink Shrimp, and White Shrimp contain only a biomass (B) component, and the definition for 

Royal Red Shrimp contains only a fishing morality rate (F) component. 

Brown Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is indicated where parent stock levels are reduced 

below 125 million shrimp. This value is slightly lower than the 1983 level of parent stock, which 

is the lowest observed value since 1960. Parent stock is defined for brown shrimp as the number 

of age 7+ (months) shrimp during the November through February period. 

Pink Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (statistical areas 1-12) is 

indicated where parent stock levels are reduced below 100 million shrimp. Parent stock is defined 

for pink shrimp as the number of 5+ (months) shrimp during the July through June period. Pink 

shrimp in the western U.S. Gulf were not included in this definition because mixed catches of 

brown and pink shrimp are not separated and are landed, sold, and statistically treated as brown 

shrimp. 

White Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is indicated where parent stock levels are reduced 

below 330 million shrimp. Parent stock is defined for pink shrimp as the number of age 7+ 

(months) shrimp during the May through August period. 

Royal Red Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is defined as fishing greater than optimum yield 

(OY). OY is set at MSY (maximum sustainable yield), which was estimated to be 392,000 

pounds of tails over 1,290 days fished. Royal red shrimp differ from penaeid shrimp in that they 

are not estuarine dependent but exist in a relatively constant environment in the deeper waters of 

the Gulf of Mexico (100 to 300 fathoms). Thus, they conform more closely to a classical 

Schaefer-type fishery. 

Rock Shrimp, Seabob Shrimp - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico - The overfishing definition was disapproved under 

SFA guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and 

was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing 

morality rate (F) component. 

Fire Corals, Hydrocorals, Octocorals, Stony Corals, Black Corals - Overfishing is defined as 

an annual level of harvest that exceeds optimum yield (OY). OY for coral reefs, stony corals, 

hydrocorals, black corals, seafans, and live rock is zero, except as may be authorized for scientific 

and educational purposes. Harvest of allowable octocorals in the EEZ is not to exceed 50,000 

colonies per year (Gulf and South Atlantic EEZ combined). 

Spiny Lobster Fishery of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico - The following overfishing 

83
definition was partially approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments 

contained in this report. This definition contains only a biomass (B) component. 

Spiny Lobster - Overfishing can only be defined in terms of the fishing mortality component 

given the data-poor status of these species. The overfishing level is set as a fishing mortality rate 

(F) in excess of the fishing mortality rate at 20% Static SPR (F20% Static SPR). 

Slipper Lobster - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico - The following overfishing 

definition was partially approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments 

contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Gulf and Atlantic group King Mackerel, Gulf and Atlantic group Spanish Mackerel, 

Cobia, Cero, Dolphin, Little Tunny, Bluefish (Gulf of Mexico only) - Overfishing occurs 

when the fishing mortality rate (F) is in excess of the F at 30% Static SPR (F30% Static SPR), 

which is the coastal migratory pelagics MSY proxy. 

Reef Fish of the Gulf of Mexico - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA 

guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was 

used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing 

mortality rate (F) component. 

Red Snapper, Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, Vermilion Snapper, Gag Grouper, Greater 

Amberjack, Gray Triggerfish, Lesser Amberjack, Almaco Jack, Banded Rudderfish, 

Tomtate, Pigfish, Queen Snapper, Mutton Snapper, Schoolmaster, Blackfin Snapper, 

Cubera Snapper, Gray (Mangrove) Snapper, Dog Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Lane 

Snapper, Silk Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Wenchman, Goldface Tilefish, Blackline 

Tilefish, Anchor Tilefish, Blueline Tilefish, Tilefish, Rock Hind, Speckled Hind, Yellowedge 

Grouper, Red Hind, Red Grouper, Misty Grouper, Warsaw Grouper, Snowy Grouper, 

Black Grouper, Yellowmouth Grouper, Scamp, Yellowfin Grouper, Grass Porgy, Jolthead 

Porgy, Hogfish, Dwarf Sand Perch, Sand Perch - A reef fish stock is overfished when it is 

below the level of 20% of the spawning potential ratio (SPR) that would occur in the absence of 

fishing. 

When a reef fish stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a 

rate that is not consistent with a program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock 

complex to the 20% SPR level. 

When a reef fish stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting 

rate that if continued would lead to a state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least 

allow a harvest of optimum yield on a continuing basis. 

84
Red Drum (Gulf of Mexico) - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA guidelines. 

The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to 

make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality 

rate (F) component. 

Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality that prohibits attaining the spawning stock goal or 

threshold, which is currently set at a 20% spawning stock biomass ratio. 

Spiny Lobster (Caribbean) - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA guidelines. 

The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to 

make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality 

rate (F) component. 

A spiny lobster stock or stock complex is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the 

Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR). 

When a spiny lobster stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as the harvesting 

rate that is not consistent with a program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock 

complex to the 20% SPR. 

When a spiny lobster stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a 

harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead to a state that would not allow harvest at OY on a 

continuing basis. 

The SPR for spiny lobsters is measured in terms of eggs per recruit. For monitoring the SPR, the 

method described by Gregory et al. (1982) will be used to compare female fecundity by length 

class within fished areas to that in unfished areas. 

Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands - The overfishing definition was 

disapproved under SFA guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under preSFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition 

contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, Ocean Surgeonfish, Doctorfish, Blue Tang, Frogfish, Flamefish, 

Conchfish, Trumpetfish, Scrawled Filefish, Queen Triggerfish, Whitespotted Filefish, 

Ocean Triggerfish, Black Durgon, Sargassum Triggerfish, Redlip Blenny, Peacock 

Flounder, Yellow Jack, Blue Runner, Horse-eye Jack, Black Jack, Bar Jack, Greater 

Amberjack, Almaco Jack, Longsnout Butterflyfish, Foureye Butterflyfish, Spotfin 

Butterflyfish, Banded Butterflyfish, Redspotted Hawkfish, Flying Gurnard, Atlantic 

Spadefish, Neon Goby, Rusty Goby, Royal Gramma, Porkfish, Margate, Tomtate, French 

Grunt, White Grunt, Bluestriped Grunt, Squirrelfish, Longspine Squirrelfish, Blackbar 

Soldierfish, Cardinal Soldierfish, Spanish Hogfish, Creole Wrasse, Yellowcheek Wrasse, 

Yellowhead Wrasse, Clown Wrasse, Puddingwife, Pearly Razorfish, Green Razorfish, 

85
Hogfish, Bluehead Wrasse, Black Snapper, Queen Snapper, Mutton Snapper, 

Schoolmaster, Blackfin Snapper, Gray Snapper, Dog Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Lane 

Snapper, Silk Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Wenchman, Vermilion Snapper, Blackline 

Tilefish, Sand Tilefish, Yellow Goatfish, Spotted Goatfish, Chain Moray, Green Moray, 

Goldentail Moray, Batfish, Goldspotted Eel, Yellowhead Jawfish, Dusky Jawfish, Spotted 

Trunkfish, Honeycomb Cowfish, Scrawled Cowfish, Trunkfish, Smooth Trunkfish, 

Cherubfish, Queen Angelfish, Rock Beauty, Gray Angelfish, French Angelfish, Sergeant 

Major, Blue Chromis, Sunshinefish, Yellowtail Damselfish, Dusky Damselfish, 

Beaugregory, Bicolor Damselfish, Threespot Damselfish, Bigeye, Glasseye Snapper, 

Midnight Parrotfish, Blue Parrotfish, Striped Parrotfish, Rainbow Parrotfish, Princess 

Parrotfish, Queen Parrotfish, Redband Parrotfish, Redtail Parrotfish, Redfin Parrotfish, 

Stoplight Parrotfish, High-hat, Jackknife-fish, Spotted Drum, Scorpionfishes, Rock Hind, 

Graysby, Yellowedge Grouper, Coney, Red Hind, Red Grouper, Misty Grouper, Butter 

Hamlet, Swissguard Basslet, Yellowfin Grouper, Tiger Grouper, Creole-fish, Greater 

Soapfish, Orangeback Bass, Lantern Bass, Tobaccofish, Harlequin Bass, Chalk Bass, 

Caribbean Tonguefish, Sea Bream, Jolthead Porgy, Sheepshead Porgy, Pluma, Seahorses, 

Pipefishes, Sand Diver, Sharpnose Puffer, Porcupinefish - A reef fish stock or stock complex 

is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the spawning stock biomass per recruit (SSBR) 

that would occur in the absence of fishing. 

When a reef fish stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a 

rate that is not consistent with a program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock 

complex to the 20% SPR level. 

When a reef fish stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting 

rate that, if continued, would lead to a state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least 

allow a harvest of OY on a continuing basis. 

Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands - The overfishing definition 

was disapproved under SFA guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under 

pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This 

definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Queen Conch - A queen conch stock is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the 

spawning stock biomass per recruit (SSBR) that would occur in the absence of fishing. 

When a queen conch stock is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is not 

consistent with a program that has been established to rebuild the stock to the 20% SSBR level. 

When a queen conch stock is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that, if 

continued, would lead to a state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a 

harvest of OY on a continuing basis. 

86
Atlantic Triton’s Trumpet, Cameo Helmet, Caribbean Helmet, Caribbean Vase, Flame 

Helmet, Green Star Shell, Hawkwing Conch, Milk Conch, Roostertail Conch, True Tulip, 

West Indian Fighting Conch, Whelk (West Indian Top Shell) - No overfishing definition 

exists in the FMP. 

Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands - The 

overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA guidelines. The following overfishing 

definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments 

contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Sponges, Hydrocorals, Hydroids, Soft Corals, Gorgonian Corals, Hard Corals, Black 

Corals, Anemones, Colonial Anemones, False Corals, Annelid Worms, other Gastropods, 

Bivalves, Cephalopods, Crustaceans, Bryozoans, Feather Stars, Sea Stars, Brittle and 

Basket Stars, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, Tunicates - Overfishing is defined as an annual 

level of harvest that exceeds OY. OY for stony corals, octocorals, live-rock and seagrasses is set 

at zero, except as may be authorized for scientific research, education and restoration purposes. 

Green Algae, Red Algae, Seagrasses - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Washington, Oregon, and California Salmon - The overfishing definition was disapproved under 

SFA guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and 

was used to make the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a 

biomass (B) component. 

Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver Summer), Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, 

upriver Spring), Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, Snake River, Spring), Chinook Salmon 

(Skagit River, Spring), Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Summer / Fall), Chinook Salmon 

(Stillaguamish River, Summer / Fall), Chinook Salmon (Snohomish River, Summer / Fall), 

Chinook Salmon (Lake Washington), Chinook Salmon (Dungeness River), Coho Salmon 

(Strait of Juan de Fuca), other Chinook Salmon stocks, other Coho Salmon stocks -

Overfishing is an occurrence whereby all mortality, regardless of the source, results in a failure of 

a salmon stock to meet its annual spawning escapement goal or management objective, as 

specified in Section 3.5 of the salmon FMP, for 3 consecutive years, and for which changes in the 

fishery management regime offer the primary opportunity to improve stock status. While this 

condition is defined as overfishing in the broad sense, it is recognized that this situation may also 

be the result of nonfishing mortality and fishery management actions may not adequately address 

the situation. 

When a specific stock or stock grouping fails to meet its annual spawning escapement objective 

for 3 consecutive years, the Council shall appoint a work group to investigate the causes of the 

apparent shortfall (e.g., due to causes within or outside of Council control). The current status of 

stock productivity and all sources of stock mortality will be examined by the work group and a 

report of its conclusions and recommendations provided to the Council. For those actions within 

87
Council control, the Council may change analytical or procedural methodologies to improve the 

accuracy of estimates for abundance, harvest impact and MSY escapement levels, and/or to 

reduce ocean harvest impacts when shown to be effective in stock recovery to MSY levels. 

Stocks without specified goals in the FMP are also provided significant protection against 

overfishing because the Council bases its management on the stock that is first reduced to its 

annual specified goal level by the fisheries. Such a stock could be the weakest stock or an 

abundant stock that is heavily impacted by ocean salmon fisheries. 

Steelhead - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Coastal Pelagics Species - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved for Pacific 

(Chub) Mackerel and Pacific Sardine under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments 

contained in this report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) 

component. For Jack Mackerel, Northern Anchovy, and Market Squid, the following overfishing 

definition was partially approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments 

contained in this report. This definition contains only a fishing mortality rate (F) component. 

Pacific (Chub) Mackerel, Pacific Sardine - Overfishing occurs when fishing occurs over a 

period of 1 year or more at a rate that is high enough to jeopardize the capacity of the stock to 

produce MSY on a continuing basis if applied in the long term. In operational terms, overfishing 

occurs whenever catch exceeds ABC, which is the annual value of the MSY control rule adopted 

for sardine. 

Jack Mackerel, Northern Anchovy, Market Squid - Overfishing occurs when fishing occurs 

over a period of 1 year or more at a rate that is high enough to jeopardize the capacity of the 

stock to produce MSY on a continuing basis if applied in the long term. In operational terms, 

overfishing occurs whenever catch exceeds ABC, which is set at 25% of estimated MSY. In the 

case of market squid, there is no estimate of MSY at present. 

Pacific (Chub) Mackerel, Pacific Sardine - A stock is overfished when the biomass level is low 

enough to jeopardize the capacity of the stock to produce MSY on a continuing basis. For Pacific 

(Chub) Mackerel, the stock is overfished if the stock biomass is 18,200 mt or less. For Pacific 

Sardine, the stock is overfished if the 1+ stock biomass on July 1 is 50,000 mt or less. 

Jack Mackerel, Northern Anchovy, Market Squid - There is currently no threshold level of 

stock biomass defining “overfished” for these species. 

Washington, Oregon, and California Groundfish - The following overfishing definition has been 

fully approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this 

report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Lingcod, Pacific Ocean Perch, Bocaccio, Bank Rockfish, Darkblotched Rockfish, Silvergrey 

88
Rockfish, Canary Rockfish, Shortspine Thornyhead, Yellowtail Rockfish, Pacific Whiting, 

Sablefish, Dover Sole, English Sole, Petrale Sole, Chilipepper Rockfish, Shortbelly 

Rockfish, Longspine Thornyhead, Widow Rockfish, Cowcod, Pacific Cod, Arrowtooth 

Flounder, Butter Sole, Curlfin Sole, Flathead Sole, Pacific Sanddab, Rex Sole, Rock Sole, 

Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, Aurora Rockfish, Black Rockfish, Black-and-Yellow Rockfish, 

Blackgill Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, Bronzespotted Rockfish, Brown Rockfish, Calico 

Rockfish, China Rockfish, Copper Rockfish, Dusty Rockfish, Flag Rockfish, Gopher 

Rockfish, Grass Rockfish, Greenblotched Rockfish, Greenspotted Rockfish, Greenstriped 

Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, Honeycomb Rockfish, Kelp Rockfish, Mexican Rockfish, 

Olive Rockfish, Pink Rockfish, Quillback Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe 

Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish, Rosy Rockfish, Rougheye Rockfish, Sharpchin Rockfish, 

Shortraker Rockfish, Speckled Rockfish, Splitnose Rockfish, Squarespot Rockfish, Starry 

Rockfish, Stripetail Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish, Yelloweye Rockfish, 

Yellowmouth Rockfish, Leopard Shark, Soupfin Shark, Spiny Dogfish, Big Skate, 

California Skate, Longnose Skate, Ratfish, Finescale Codling, Pacific Rattail, Cabezon, 

Kelp Greenling, California Scorpionfish, Treefish – Overfishing occurs when the fishing 

mortality rate needed to produce the maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) is exceeded. 

A stock is overfished when the stock falls below 25% of its unfished biomass (B25%). 

Overfishing and overfished parameters cannot be estimated for all species because of the wide 

range of knowledge available for the species managed under the PCGFMP. Three categories of 

species are identified. The first includes the few species for which a quantitative stock assessment 

can be conducted on the basis of catch-at-age or other data. The second category includes a large 

number of species for which some biological indicators are available, but a quantitative analysis 

cannot be completed. The third category includes minor species that are caught, but for which 

there is, at best, only partial information on landed biomass. 

Crustaceans of the Western Pacific - The overfishing definitions were disapproved under SFA 

guidelines. The following overfishing definitions were approved under pre-SFA guidelines and 

were used to make the assessments contained in this report. These definitions contain only a 

biomass (B) component. 

Spiny Lobster - Lobster stocks shall be deemed overfished with regard to recruitment when the 

spawning potential ratio (measured for a specific area) is 0.2 or below. 

Slipper Lobster - Lobster stocks shall be deemed overfished with regard to recruitment when the 

spawning potential ratio (measured for a specific area) is 0.2 or below. 

Kona Crab - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Precious Corals of the Western Pacific - The following overfishing definition has been fully 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

89
The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Pink Corals, Gold Corals, Bamboo Corals, Black Corals – Overfishing is defined as a fishing 

mortality rate that exceeds the maximum fishing mortality rate threshold (F = 0.066). No known 

harvesting of precious corals has occurred in the U.S. EEZ for the past 20 years. 

A stock is overfished when the total spawning biomass is less than or equal to 20% of its unfished 

condition (SPR#20%), based on cohort analysis of the pink coral. 

Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific - The overfishing definitions was 

disapproved under SFA guidelines. The following overfishing definition was approved under preSFA guidelines and were used to make the assessments contained in this report. These definitions 

contain only a biomass (B) component. 

Pelagic Armorhead, Seabass (Main Hawaiian Islands), Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest 

and Main Hawaiian Islands), Longtail Snapper (Northwest and Main Hawaiian Islands), 

Silverjaw Jobfish, Gray Jobfish, Bluestripe Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Pink Snapper, 

Yelloweye Snapper, Snapper Pristipomoides sieboldii, Snapper Pristipomoides zonatus, 

Giant Trevally, Black Jack, Thick Lipped Trevally, Amberjack, Blacktip Grouper, Seabass 

(Northwest Hawaiian Islands), Lunartail Grouper, Ambon Emperor, Redgill Emperor, 

Alfonsin, Ratfish - A bottomfish species is recruitment overfished when the Spawning Potential 

Ratio (i.e., the ratio of the spawning stock biomass per recruit at the current level of fishing 

(SSBRf

) to the spawning stock biomass per recruit that would occur in the absence of fishing 

(SSBRu)), is equal to or less than .20. 

Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific - The overfishing definitions were disapproved under SFA 

guidelines. The following overfishing definitions were approved under pre-SFA guidelines and 

were used to make the assessments contained in this report. These definitions contain only a 

biomass (B) component. 

Yellowfin Tuna (Central Western Pacific), Albacore (South Pacific), Albacore (North 

Pacific), Yellowfin Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific), Skipjack Tuna (Central Western 

Pacific), Skipjack Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific), Striped Marlin, Black Marlin, Bigeye 

Tuna (Pacific), other Tuna relatives: Auxis spp., Scomber spp., Allothunnus spp., 

Swordfish (Pacific), Pomfret, Sailfish (Pacific), Shortbill Spearfish (Pacific), Wahoo 

(Pacific), Mahimahi (Pacific), Blue Marlin (Pacific), Opah, Oilfish, Escolar - A stock is 

overfished when its spawning potential ratio (SPR) is equal to or less than 0.20. SPR may be 

estimated in several ways, using estimates of spawning stock biomass, spawning stock biomass 

per recruit, spawning stock catch per unit of effort, and exploitable stock biomass. The common 

element for all calculations is the attempt to assess the status of current spawning potential against 

the spawning potential of an unfished population. The use of a specific measure will depend on 

the availability of data for the stock and fisheries involved. 

90
Pelagic Sharks - A stock is overfished when its spawning potential ratio (SPR) is equal to or less 

than 0.35. SPR may be estimated in several ways, using estimates of spawning stock biomass, 

spawning stock biomass per recruit, spawning stock catch per unit of effort, and exploitable stock 

biomass. The common element for all calculations is the attempt to assess the status of current 

spawning potential against the spawning potential of an unfished population. The use of a specific 

measure will depend on the availability of data for the stock and fisheries involved. 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under 

SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition 

contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Western / Central Walleye Pollock, Eastern Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, Sablefish, 

Shortspine Thornyhead, Arrowtooth Flounder, Western Pacific Ocean Perch, Central 

Pacific Ocean Perch, Eastern Pacific Ocean Perch, Atka Mackerel, Alaska Plaice, Butter 

Sole, Deepsea Sole, Dover Sole, English Sole, Flathead Sole, Greenland Turbot, Rex Sole, 

Northern Rock Sole, Southern Rock Sole, Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, Yellowfin Sole, 

Dusky Rockfish, Yelloweye Rockfish, Aurora Rockfish, Blackgill Rockfish, Bocaccio, 

Chilipepper, Darkblotched Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, Northern 

Rockfish, Pygmy Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe Rockfish, Rougheye Rockfish, 

Sharpchin Rockfish, Shortbelly Rockfish, Shortraker Rockfish, Silvergrey Rockfish, 

Splitnose Rockfish, Stripetail Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish, Yellowmouth Rockfish, C-O 

Sole, Curlfin Sole, Hybrid Sole, Longhead Dab, Pacific Sanddab, Petrale Sole, Roughscale 

Sole, Slender Sole, Bering Flounder, Kamchatka Flounder, Black Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, 

Widow Rockfish, Yellowtail Rockfish, Canary Rockfish, China Rockfish, Copper Rockfish, 

Quillback Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, Broad Banded Thornyhead, 

Longspine Thornyhead, Blue Shark, Brown Cat Shark, Pacific Sleeper Shark, Salmon 

Shark, Sixgill Shark, Spiny Dogfish Shark, Alaska Skate, Aleutian Skate, Big Skate, 

Flathead Skate, Longnose Skate, Roughtail Skate, Sandpaper Skate, Starry Skate, 

Armorhead Sculpin, Bigmouth Sculpin, Blackfin Sculpin, Dusky Sculpin, Great Sculpin, 

Red Irish Lord, Ribbed Sculpin, Roughspine Sculpin, Spinyhead Sculpin, Tadpole Sculpin, 

Thorny Sculpin, Yellow Irish Lord, Octopus Octopus dofleini, Octopus Opisthoteuthis 

california, Squid Berryteuthis magister, Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus, Capelin, 

Eulachon, Rainbow Smelt - Overfishing is defined as any amount of fishing in excess of the 

maximum fishing mortality threshold (MFMT). This MFMT is prescribed through a set of six 

tiers [which are listed in Appendix 4] in descending order of preference, corresponding to 

descending order of information availability. The SSC will have final authority for determining 

whether a given item of information is “reliable” for the purpose of this definition, and may use 

either objective or subjective criteria in making such determinations. For tiers 1-2, if a reliable pdf 

of BMSY is available, the preferred point estimate of BMSY is the geometric mean of its pdf. For 

tiers 1-5, if a reliable pdf of B is available, the preferred point estimate is the geometric mean of its 

pdf. For tiers (2-4), a designation of the form “FX%” refers to the F associated with an equilibrium 

level of spawning per recruit (SPR) equal to X% of the equilibrium level of spawning per recruit 

in the absence of any fishing. If reliable information sufficient to characterize the entire maturity 

91
schedule of a species is not available, the SSC may choose to view SPR calculations based on a

knife-edge maturity assumption as reliable. For tier (3), the term B

average biomass that would be expected under average recruitment and F=F

40% refers to the long-term 

40%. 

A stock is overfished when it falls below its minimum stock size threshold (MSST), defined as 

whichever of the following is greater: 1⁄2 the MSY stock size, or the minimum stock size at which 

rebuilding to the MSY level would be expected to occur within 10 years if the stock were 

exploited at the MFMT. The MSY level is interpreted as BMSY in Tiers 1-2 and B35% in Tier 3. 

No MSY level, and therefore no MSST, can be specified for Tiers 4-6. 

Alaska Salmon - The overfishing definition was disapproved under SFA guidelines. The 

following overfishing definition was approved under pre-SFA guidelines and was used to make 

the assessments contained in this report. This definition contains only a biomass (B) component. 

Pink Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon - Overfishing 

is defined as any fishing that results in the stock not meeting spawner escapement targets. 

Escapement targets are set by Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the U.S.-Canada Pacific 

Salmon Commission so that escapement will not be significantly less than needed to produce 

MSY. Escapement targets for major stocks of Alaska salmon are continuously evaluated based 

on new data and improved spawner-recruit databases. The overfishing definition notwithstanding, 

it is recognized that failure to meet spawner escapements may also be the result of nonfishing 

mortality and that fishery management actions may not adequately address the situation. 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish - The following overfishing definition has been fully 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Eastern Bering Sea Walleye Pollock, Aleutian Islands Walleye Pollock, Bogoslof Walleye 

Pollock, Pacific Cod, Yellowfin Sole, Greenland Turbot, Arrowtooth Flounder, Rock Sole, 

Flathead Sole, Eastern Bering Sea Sablefish, Aleutian Islands Sablefish, Eastern Bering Sea 

Pacific Ocean Perch, Aleutian Islands Pacific Ocean Perch, Atka Mackerel, Alaska Plaice, 

Eastern Bering Sea Northern Rockfish, Aleutian Islands Northern Rockfish, Eastern 

Bering Sea Sharpchin Rockfish, Aleutian Islands Sharpchin Rockfish, Eastern Bering Sea 

Shortraker Rockfish, Aleutian Islands Shortraker Rockfish, Eastern Bering Sea Rougheye 

Rockfish, Aleutian Islands Rougheye Rockfish, Squid Berryteuthis magister, Squid 

Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus, Longspine Thornyhead, Shortspine Thornyhead, Bering 

Flounder, Kamchatka Flounder, Arctic Flounder, Butter Sole, C-O Sole, California 

Tonguefish, Curlfin Sole, Deepsea Sole, Dover Sole, English Sole, Hybrid Sole, Longhead 

Dab, Pacific Sanddab, Petrale Sole, Rex Sole, Roughscale Sole, Sand Sole, Slender Sole, 

Starry Flounder, Aurora Rockfish, Black Rockfish, Blackgill Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, 

Bocaccio, Brown Rockfish, Canary Rockfish, Chameleon Rockfish, Chilipepper, Copper 

Rockfish, Darkblotched Rockfish, Dusky Rockfish, Gray Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, 

Harlequin Rockfish, Pink Rose Rockfish, Pygmy Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe 

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Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish, Rosy Rockfish, Silvergrey Rockfish, Splitnose Rockfish, 

Stripetail Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish, Widow Rockfish, Yelloweye 

Rockfish, Yellowmouth Rockfish, Yellowtail Rockfish, Broad Banded Thornyhead, 

Antlered Sculpin, Armorhead Sculpin, Bigmouth Sculpin, Blackfin Sculpin, Blob Sculpin, 

Brown Irish Lord, Butterfly Sculpin, Calico Sculpin, Crested Sculpin, Dusky Sculpin, 

Great Sculpin, Pacific Staghorn Sculpin, Plain Sculpin, Red Irish Lord, Ribbed Sculpin, 

Scissortail Sculpin, Shorthorn Sculpin, Spinyhead Sculpin, Tadpole Sculpin, Thorny 

Sculpin, Warty Sculpin, Yellow Irish Lord, Alaska Skate, Aleutian Skate, Big Skate, 

Commander Skate, Deepsea Skate, Golden Skate, Longnose Skate, Mud Skate, Okhotsk 

Skate, Roughtail Skate, Sandpiper Skate, Starry Skate, White-Blotched Skate, Whitebrow 

Skate, Blue Shark, Pacific Sleeper Shark, Salmon Shark, Sixgill Shark, Soupfin Shark, 

Spiny Dogfish Shark, Capelin, Eulachon, Rainbow Smelt, Octopus Octopus dofleini, 

Octopus Opisthoteuthis california) - Overfishing is defined as any amount of fishing in excess 

of the maximum fishing mortality threshold (MFMT). This MFMT is prescribed through a set of 

six tiers [which are listed in Appendix 4] in descending order of preference, corresponding to 

descending order of information availability. The SSC will have final authority for determining 

whether a given item of information is “reliable” for the purpose of this definition, and may use 

either objective or subjective criteria in making such determinations. For tier (1), a “pdf” refers to 

a probability density function. For Tiers 1-2, if a reliable pdf of BMSY is available, the preferred 

point estimate of BMSY is the geometric mean of its pdf. For Tiers 1-5, if a reliable pdf of B is 

available, the preferred point estimate is the geometric mean of its pdf. For Tiers 1-3, the 

coefficient " is set at a default value of 0.05, with the understanding that the SSC may establish a 

different value for a specific stock of stock complex as merited by the best available scientific 

information. For Tiers 2-4, a designation of the form “FX%” refers to the F associated with an 

equilibrium level of spawning per recruit (SPR) equal to X% of the equilibrium level of spawning 

per recruit in the absence of any fishing. If reliable information sufficient to characterize the entire 

maturity schedule of a species is not available, the SSC may choose to view SPR calculations 

based on a knife-edge maturity assumption as reliable. For Tier 3, the term B40% refers to the 

long-term average biomass that would be expected under average recruitment and F=F40%. 

A stock is overfished when it falls below its minimum stock size threshold (MSST), defined as 

whichever of the following is greater: 1⁄2 the MSY stock size, or the minimum stock size at which 

rebuilding to the MSY level would be expected to occur within 10 years if the stock were 

exploited at the MFMT. The MSY level is interpreted as BMSY in Tiers 1-2 and B35% in Tier 3. 

No MSY level, and therefore no MSST, can be specified for Tiers 4-6. 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs - The following overfishing definition has 

been fully approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this 

report. The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Blue King Crab (Pribilof Islands, Saint Matthew Island, Saint Lawrence Island), Golden 

King Crab (Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands, Northern District), Red King Crab (Bristol 

Bay, Norton Sound, Pribilof Islands, Aleutian Islands), Aleutian Islands Scarlet King Crab, 

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Bering Sea Snow Crab, Tanner Crab [Bering Sea, Bering Sea Triangle, Bering Sea 

Grooved, Eastern Aleutian Islands, Eastern Aleutian Islands Triangle, Eastern Aleutian 

Islands Grooved, Adak (Western Aleutians), Western Aleutian Islands Grooved] -

Overfishing is defined as any rate of fishing mortality in excess of M, where M = 0.2 for all species 

of king crab and M = 0.3 for all Chionoecetes species. 

A stock is overfished when it falls below the minimum stock size threshold (MSST), which is 

equal to 1⁄2 the MSY stock size. MSY stock size equals the average mature biomass observed 

over the past 15 years, from 1983-1997. 

Alaska Scallop - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Overfishing is defined as level of fishing mortality that jeopardizes the long-term capacity of a 

stock or stock complex to produce MSY on a continuing basis Overfishing is established as a 

fishing rate in excess of the natural mortality rate (M). The MSY control rule is based on natural 

mortality, using the estimate of M = 0.13, the MSY control rule is FMSY = M. Hence, Foverfishing$M 

= 0.13 (6% is used as a proxy for F). 

A stock is overfished when it falls below the minimum stock size threshold (MSST), which is 

equal to 1⁄2 MSY stock size = 4.76 million pounds. 

that exceed the optimum yield (OY) specified for the scallop fishery. The long-term OY for the 

scallop resource in Federal waters off Alaska (all species) is specified as a numerical range. In the 

absence of biomass estimates needed to implement an exploitation rate harvest strategy, the OY is 

specified as the long-term productivity. The OY range is zero to 1.8 million lbs (814 mt) of 

shucked scallop meats, and is derived from historical catches from State and Federal waters off 

Alaska. The low end of the range is the lowest catch on record (zero pounds in 1978). The high 

end of the OY approximates the highest catch taken from the waters off Alaska since the “fishing 

up” period (1.8 million pounds in 1993). While the FMP covers harvests of all scallop species 

appearing in Alaska, only weathervane scallops Patinopecten caurinus have been harvested 

commercially in Federal waters off Alaska since the emergence of the fishery in the late 1960s. 

Atlantic Billfishes - The following overfishing definition has been fully approved under SFA 

guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. The definition contains 

both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Blue Marlin (North Atlantic), White Marlin (North Atlantic), Sailfish (West Atlantic), 

Spearfish (West Atlantic) – Overfishing occurs when the MFMT exceeds FMSY. The relative 

fishing mortality rates are as follows: Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) (F1995/FMSY = 1.21), White 

Marlin (North Atlantic) (F1995/FMSY = 2.37), and Sailfish (F1995/FMSY = 1.4). 

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A stock is overfished when the stock biomass level falls below the MSST, which is set at (1-

M)BMSY, where M is the instantaneous natural mortality rate. The relative biomass levels are as 

follows: Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) (B1996/BMSY = 0.608), White Marlin (North Atlantic) 

(B1996/BMSY = 0.321), and Sailfish / Spearfish (West Atlantic) (B1992/96/BMSY = 0.62). 

Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish, and Sharks - The following overfishing definition has been fully 

approved under SFA guidelines and was used to make the assessments contained in this report. 

The definition contains both a fishing mortality rate (F) and biomass (B) component. 

Bigeye Tuna (Atlantic), Albacore (North Atlantic), Bluefin Tuna (West Atlantic), 

Swordfish (North Atlantic), Sandbar Shark, Blacktip Shark, Dusky Shark, Spinner Shark, 

Silky Shark, Bull Shark, Bignose Shark, Narrowtooth Shark, Galapagos Shark, Night 

Shark, Caribbean Reef Shark, Tiger Shark, Lemon Shark, Sand Tiger Shark, Bigeye Sand 

Tiger Shark, Nurse Shark, Scalloped Hammerhead Shark, Great Hammerhead Shark, 

Smooth Hammerhead Shark, Whale Shark, Basking Shark, White Shark, Yellowfin Tuna 

(West Atlantic), Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Caribbean Sharpnose Shark, Finetooth Shark, 

Blacknose Shark, Smalltail Shark, Bonnethead Shark, Atlantic Angel Shark, Skipjack 

Tuna (West Atlantic), Shortfin Mako Shark, Longfin Mako Shark, Porbeagle Shark, 

Thresher Shark, Bigeye Thresher Shark, Blue Shark, Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Sevengill 

Shark, Sixgill Shark, Bigeye Sixgill Shark, Iceland Cat Shark, Smallfin Cat Shark, 

Deepwater Cat Shark, Broadgill Cat Shark, Marbled Cat Shark, Blotched Cat Shark, 

Chain Dogfish, Dwarf Catshark, Japanese Gulper Shark, Gulper Shark, Little Gulper 

Shark, Kitefin Shark, Flatnose Gulper Shark, Portuguese Shark, Greenland Shark, Lined 

Lanternshark, Broadband Dogfish, Caribbean Lanternshark, Great Lanternshark, Smooth 

Lanternshark, Fringefin Lanternshark, Green Lanternshark, Cookiecutter Shark, Bigtooth 

Cookiecutter, Smallmouth Velvet Dogfish, Pygmy Shark, Roughskin Spiny Dogfish, 

Blainville’s Dogfish, Cuban Dogfish, Bramble Shark, American Sawshark, Florida 

Smoothhound, Smooth Dogfish - Overfishing occurs when the MFMT is exceeded, which is set 

at Flimit = FMSY. The relative fishing mortality rates (Fyear/FMSY) are as follows: North Atlantic 

Swordfish (F95 = 2.05 FMSY), South Atlantic Swordfish (F95 = 1.24 FMSY), West Atlantic Bluefin 

Tuna (F97/FMSY two-line = 1.73), Bigeye Tuna (F96/FMSY = 1.5 - 2.2), North Atlantic Albacore 

Tuna (F97/FMSY = 1.39 (uncertain)), Yellowfin Tuna (F97/FMSY = variable, probably exceeds 1.0), 

Blacktip Shark (F97/FMSY = 3.52 (baseline)), Sandbar Shark (F97/FMSY = 2.70 (baseline)), Large 

Coastal Sharks (F97/FMSY = 6.34 (baseline)), and Small Coastal Sharks (F86-91/FMSY = 0.89). 

A stock is overfished when the stock level biomass falls below MSST, which is set at MSST = 

Blimit = (1-M)BMSY when M < 0.5; MSST = Blimit = 0.5BMSY when M $ 0.5. For Yellowfin Tuna, 

MSST = 0.5BMSY. The relative biomass levels are as follows: (Byear/BMSY) for North Atlantic 

Swordfish (B96/BMSY = 0.58), South Atlantic Swordfish (B96/BMSY = 0.99), West Atlantic Bluefin 

Tuna (SSB97/SSBMSY two-line = 0.48), Bigeye Tuna (B97/BMSY = 0.6-0.8), North Atlantic 

Albacore Tuna (B97/BMSY = 0.47 (0.34-0.63)), Yellowfin Tuna (B97/BMSY = 0.92-1.35), Blacktip 

Shark* (N98/NMSY = 0.50 (baseline)), Sandbar Shark* (N98/NMSY = 0.58 (baseline)), Large Coastal 

Sharks* (N98/NMSY = 0.30 (baseline)), and Small Coastal Sharks (B91/BMSY = 1.12). 

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*N is the number of fish, rather than biomass or yield in weight. 

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Appendix 2. Overfishing Definitions for Species not Contained in Federal 

Fishery Management Plans 

Pacific Halibut - A rate of fishing that exceeds the constant exploitation yield. The constant 

exploitation yield is computed using a harvest rate of 0.20 of the exploitable biomass (8-year+ 

Pacific halibut). 

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Appendix 3. Overfishing Definitions from Fishery Management Plans Under 

Development 

See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix. 

Atlantic Herring 

Atlantic Herring - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated 

with 20% MSP. This definition is contained in the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission’s 

Atlantic Herring FMP. There is currently no Federal FMP for Atlantic herring. 

Spiny Dogfish 

Spiny Dogfish - The spiny dogfish stock is determined to be overfished when the mature female 

biomass (SSB) falls below 1⁄2 SSBmax (where SSBmax is the spawning stock biomass calculated to 

produce maximum recruitment based upon the Ricker S/R function), or overfishing of spiny 

dogfish is occurring when the fishing mortality rate (F) exceeds a rate that would produce an 

average of 1.0 pups-per-recruit. 

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Appendix 4. Six Tiers comprising the Overfishing Definition for Gulf of 

Alaska and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Groundfish 

See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix. 

1) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B and BMSY and reliable pdf of FMSY. 

1a) Stock status: B/BMSY > 1 

FOFL= FA, the arithmetic mean of the pdf 

FABC # FH, the harmonic mean of the pdf 

1b) Stock status: " < B/BMSY # 1 

FOFL = FA x (B/BMSY - ") / (1 - ") 

FABC # FH x (B/BMSY - ") / (1 - ") 

1c) Stock status: B/BMSY # "

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

2) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, BMSY, FMSY, F35%, and F40%. 

2a) Stock status: B/BMSY > 1 

FOFL = FMSY 

FABC # FMSY x (F40%/F35%) 

2b) Stock status: " < B/BMSY # 1 

FOFL = FMSY x (B/BMSY - ") / (1 - ") 

FABC # FMSY x (F40%/F35%) x (B/BMSY- ") / (1 - ") 

2c) Stock status: B/BMSY # "

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

3) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, B40%, F35%

40% > 1 

FOFL = F35% 

, and F40%. 

3a) Stock status: B/B

FABC # F40% 

3b) Stock status: "< B/B40% # 1 

FOFL = F35% x (B/B40% - ") / (1 - ") 

FABC # F40% x (B/B40% - ") / (1 - ") 

3c) Stock status: B/B40% # "

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

4) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, F35%, and F

FOFL = F35% 

40%. 

FABC # F40% 

5) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B and natural mortality rate M. 

FOFL = M 

FABC # 0.75 x M 

6) Information available: Reliable catch history from 1978 through 1995. 

OFL = the average catch from 1978 through 1995, unless an alternative value is 

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established by the SSC on the basis of the best available scientific information. 

ABC # 0.75 x OFL 

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Appendix 5. Acronyms used in Appendices 

" - The threshold stock size .05. 

ABC - Allowable Biological Catch - A term that refers to the range of allowable catch for a 

species or species group. It is set each year by a scientific group. The ABC estimates are used to 

set the annual total allowable catch (TAC). 

ASMFC - Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission - Serves as a deliberative body of the 

Atlantic coastal states, coordinating the conservation and management of nearshore fishery 

resources, including marine, shell, and anadromous species. 

B - The weight (biomass) of a group of fish. 

BMSY - The weight (biomass) of a group of fish necessary to produce MSY. 

CFMC - Caribbean Fishery Management Council. 

CPUE - Catch Per Unit of Effort - The number of fish caught by an amount of effort. Typically, 

effort is a combination of gear type, gear size, and length of time gear is used. Catch per unit of 

effort is often used as a measurement of relative abundance. 

EEZ - Exclusive Economic Zone - All waters from the seaward boundary of coastal states out to 

200 nautical miles. 

EPR - Eggs-Per-Recruit - The average number of eggs produced by an individual fish that has 

been recruited, i.e., that moved into a certain class, such as the spawning class or fishing-size 

class. Used as an index of abundance. 

F - Fishing Mortality Rate - A measurement of the rate of removal of fish from a population by 

fishing. Fishing mortality rate can be reported as either annual or instantaneous. Annual mortality 

is the percentage of fish dying in one year. Instantaneous mortality is that percentage of fish dying 

at any one point in time. 

FABC - The level of fishing mortality that results in the allowable biological catch. 

FMAX - The level of fishing mortality that results in the greatest yield from the fishery. 

FMSY - The level of fishing mortality that results in the maximum sustainable yield. 

FOF - The level of fishing mortality defined as overfishing. 

FOFL - The level of fishing mortality associated with the average catch from 1978 through 1995 for 

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Gulf of Alaska Groundfish and Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish. 

F20% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 20% of the 

maximum. 

F25% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 25% of the 

maximum. 

F30% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 30% of the 

maximum. 

F40% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 40% of the 

maximum. 

F0.1 - The point on the spawning per recruit curve at which the level of spawning per recruit is 

35% of 40% of the maximum. 

FMP - Fishery Management Plan - A plan to achieve specified management goals for a fishery 

prepared under the authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management 

Act. 

GMFMC - Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. 

GSMFC - Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission - Serves as a deliberative body of the Gulf of 

Mexico coastal states, coordinating the conservation and management of nearshore fishery 

resources, including marine, shell, and anadromous species. 

HMS - Highly Migratory Species Division - Develops fishery policies designed to manage any 

highly migratory species (tuna species, marlin, oceanic sharks, sailfishes, and swordfish) fishery 

that is within the geographical authority of more than one Council. 

MAFMC - Middle-Atlantic Fishery Management Council. 

MFMT – Maximum Fishing Mortality Threshold – The level or rate of fishing mortality, that if 

exceeded, will result in overfishing and jeopardize the capacity of a stock or stock complex to 

produce MSY on a continuing basis. 

MSP - Maximum Spawning Potential - See SPR. 

MSST – Minimum Stock Size Threshold – The minimum size of the stock or stock complex that 

is required to produce MSY, below which the stock would be considered overfished. The 

threshold should equal whichever of the following is greater: 1⁄2 the MSY stock size, or the 

minimum stock size at which rebuilding to the MSY level would be expected to occur within 10 

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years if the stock or stock were exploited at the maximum fishing mortality threshold. 

MSY - Maximum Sustainable Yield - The largest long-term average catch or yield that can be 

taken from a stock or stock complex under prevailing ecological and environmental conditions. 

NEFMC - New England Fishery Management Council. 

NPFMC - North Pacific Fishery Management Council. 

OY - Optimum Yield - The amount of fish that: (1) will provide the greatest overall benefit to the 

Nation, particularly with respect to food production and recreational opportunities, and taking 

into account the protection of marine ecosystems; (2) is prescribed on the basis of the MSY from 

the fishery, as reduced by any relevant economic, social, or ecological factors; (3) in the case of 

an overfished fishery, provides for rebuilding to a level consistent with producing the MSY in 

such fishery. 

pdf - Probability Density Function - A description of the probability that a variable takes a 

specified value. 

PFMC - Pacific Fishery Management Council. 

SAFE - Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation - A document or set of documents that 

provides Councils with a summary of the most recent biological condition of species in the fishery 

management unit, and the social and economic condition of the recreational and commercial 

fishing interests and the fish processing industries. It summarizes, on a periodic basis, the best 

available scientific information concerning the past, present, and possible future condition of the 

stocks and fisheries being managed under Federal regulation. 

SAFMC - South Atlantic Fishery Management Council. 

SPR - Spawning Potential Ratio - The number of eggs that could be produced by an average 

recruit in a fished stock, divided by the number of eggs that could be produced by an average 

recruit in an unfished stock. SPR can also be expressed as the spawning stock biomass per recruit 

(SSBR) of a fished stock divided by the SSBR of the stock before it was fished. 

SSB - Spawning Stock Biomass - The total weight of the fish in a stock that are old enough to 

spawn. 

SSBR - Spawning Stock Biomass Per Recruit - The spawning stock biomass divided by the 

number of recruits to the stock, or how much spawning biomass an average recruit would be 

expected to produce. 

SSC - Scientific and Statistical Advisory Committee - A group of scientific and technical people 

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giving advice to a council.

WPFMC - Western Pacific Fishery Management Council.

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