If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to 

revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

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S T A T E O F M I C H I G A N

C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

KAREN CHAPOTON,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

UNPUBLISHED

June 22, 2023

v No. 361767

Macomb Circuit Court

MEIJER, LC No. 2020-002476-NO

Defendant-Appellee.

Before: SWARTZLE, P.J., and CAVANAGH and LETICA, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Plaintiff was shopping at defendant’s Roseville store when she slipped on water that was 

leaking from a beverage cooler and fell to the ground. The trial court granted defendant summary 

disposition because there was no genuine issue of material fact that defendant did not have notice 

of the hazard. We affirm.

During her deposition, plaintiff testified that she saw the cooler before she fell, but she did 

not see the water on the floor until after she fell. The security footage of the aisle in which the 

cooler was located showed that multiple employees, as well as other customers, walked past the 

cooler shortly before plaintiff slipped and fell. The footage showed no sign of anyone noticing 

water on the floor. Further, a maintenance worker completed a report for the cooler, after 

plaintiff’s fall, that stated that the dip-pan for the cooler had overflowed and that a bottle had 

propped the cooler door open which caused condensation to accumulate.

Plaintiff’s complaint alleged that she sustained disabling injuries from the fall and that 

those injuries were a result of defendant’s negligence in maintaining the floor free from hazards. 

Defendant moved for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10), and it argued that plaintiff 

had not established that defendant knew, or should have known, about the open and obvious 

hazard. Plaintiff argued that the water likely accumulated on the floor over a period of time during 

which defendant knew, or should have known, that the hazard was present. The trial court agreed 

with defendant, and granted it summary disposition, because plaintiff’s theory regarding the water 

accumulation was impermissible speculation.

Plaintiff now appeals.
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“We review de novo a trial court’s decision to grant or deny a motion for summary 

disposition.” Sherman v City of St Joseph, 332 Mich App 626, 632; 957 NW2d 838 (2020) 

(cleaned up). This Court reviews a motion brought under MCR 2.116(C)(10) “by considering the 

pleadings, admissions, and other evidence submitted by the parties in the light most favorable to 

the nonmoving party.” Patrick v Turkelson, 322 Mich App 595, 605; 913 NW2d 369 (2018). 

“Summary disposition is appropriate if there is no genuine issue regarding any material fact and 

the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Sherman, 332 Mich App at 632.

“[A] premises possessor owes a duty to use reasonable care to protect invitees from an 

unreasonable risk of harm caused by dangerous conditions on the premises . . . ” Hoffner v 

Lanctoe, 492 Mich 450, 455; 821 NW2d 88 (2012). Further, a premises possessor’s duty to an 

invitee, including a customer in a retail establishment, includes a duty “not only to warn the invitee 

of any known dangers, but the additional obligation to also make the premises safe, which requires 

the landowner to inspect the premises and, depending on the circumstances, make any necessary 

repairs or warn of any discovered hazards.” Stitt v Holland Abundant Life Fellowship, 462 Mich 

591, 597; 614 NW2d 88 (2000). A plaintiff alleging a premises liability claim must be able to 

prove that the premises possessor had actual or constructive notice of the dangerous condition at 

issue. Lowrey v LMPS & LMPJ, Inc, 500 Mich 1, 8-9; 890 NW2d 344 (2016); see also Hoffner, 

492 Mich at 477-478.

Actual notice exists when the premises possessor had actual knowledge of the existence of 

a hazard or the premises owner caused the hazard. Hampton v Waste Mgmt of Michigan, Inc, 236 

Mich App 598, 603-604; 601 NW2d 172 (1999). A premises possessor is presumed to have actual 

notice when there is evidence the possessor saw the hazard, or evidence another customer 

discovered it and alerted the possessor of its existence. Clark v Kmart Corp, 465 Mich 416, 419; 

634 NW2d 347 (2001). A plaintiff can establish constructive notice only if the alleged condition 

is “of such a character or has existed a sufficient length of time that [the defendant] should have 

had knowledge of it.” Serinto v Borman Food Stores, 380 Mich 637, 640-641; 158 NW2d 485 

(1968); see also Clark, 465 Mich at 419.

To succeed on a motion for summary disposition, a premises possessor need only show a 

plaintiff presented insufficient proof to establish the notice. Lowrey, 500 Mich at 9. This Court 

has stated that, while “[c]ircumstantial evidence may be sufficient to establish a case,” “parties 

opposing a motion for summary disposition must present more than mere conjecture and 

speculation to meet their burden of providing evidentiary proof establishing a genuine issue of 

material fact.” Libralter Plastics, Inc v Chubb Group of Ins Cos, 199 Mich App 482, 486; 502 

NW2d 742 (1993).

Plaintiff argues that the leak from the cooler must have been slow and, thus, defendant’s 

employees must have seen the water before plaintiff reached the cooler. The security footage, 

however, contradicts plaintiff’s argument because employees and customers were passing by the 

cooler, shortly before plaintiff’s fall, without noticing any water leaking from it. Further, 

defendant offered the alternative explanation that the drip-pan suddenly overflowed which caused 

a puddle to form on the floor quickly after the drip-pan’s failure. As our Supreme Court stated in 

Skinner v Square D Co, 445 Mich 153, 164-165; 516 NW2d 475 (1994):
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[A]t a minimum, a causation theory must have some basis in established fact. 

However, a basis in only slight evidence is not enough. Nor is it sufficient to submit 

a causation theory that, while factually supported, is, at best, just as possible as 

another theory. Rather, the plaintiff must present substantial evidence from which 

a jury may conclude that more likely than not, but for the defendant’s conduct, the 

plaintiff’s injuries would not have occurred. 

Plaintiff did not substantiate her argument with any evidence to demonstrate that the 

malfunction of the cooler was noticeable, other than arguing that the overflow of the drip-pan must 

have been necessarily slow. As stated, “this slight evidence is not enough” to survive a motion for 

summary disposition, id., especially when considering that there was no evidence to suggest that 

anyone who was near the cooler, soon before the accident, noticed any water accumulation on the 

floor.

Thus, plaintiff did not establish that defendant knew of, or should have known about, the 

hazardous condition. Without establishing notice, plaintiff cannot establish that defendant had a 

duty, and, therefore, the trial court did not err when it granted defendant summary disposition. 

Affirmed.

/s/ Brock A. Swartzle 

/s/ Mark J. Cavanagh 

/s/ Anica Letica