<PAGE>   1
                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549


                                   FORM 10-K/A

   
                                AMENDMENT NO. 2
    

[X]  Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
     Act of 1934 

     For the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997

                                       or

[ ]  Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
     Exchange Act of 1934 

     For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

     Commission file number 0-5751


                         COMPREHENSIVE CARE CORPORATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

                Delaware                                 95-2594724 
----------------------------------------             --------------------
    (State or other jurisdiction of                   (I.R.S. Employer
     incorporation or organization)                   Identification No.)
    
     1111 Bayside Drive, Suite 100      
       Corona del Mar, California                           92625
----------------------------------------             --------------------  
(Address of principal executive offices)                  (Zip Code)

       Registrant's telephone number, including area code (714) 222-2273

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

                                                  Name of each exchange on
        Title of each class                           which registered
--------------------------------------          -----------------------------
Common Stock, Par Value $.01 per share          New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
    Common Share Purchase Rights                New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

7 1/2% Convertible Subordinated Debentures due 2010     Over-the Counter
                (Title of Class)

        Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant(1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
                                                        
                                  Yes  X    No
                                      ---      ---

        Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K.  [X]

        The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of
the Registrant at August 25, 1997, was $37,997,219 based on the closing sale
price of the Common Stock on August 25, 1997 as reported on the New York Stock
Exchange composite tape.

        At August 25, 1997, the Registrant had 3,432,847 shares of Common Stock
outstanding.
<PAGE>   2
                                    PART III

Prefatory Note:
---------------
        
   
        This Form 10K-A/2 is being filed as an amendment to the Registrant's
Form 10-K for the fiscal year 1997 filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on August 29, 1997, for the purpose of correcting certain
non-material numerical information required under Items 11 and 12 of Part III
filed under cover of Form 10K-A/1 on September 29, 1997.
    




                                       2
<PAGE>   3
ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

        This section discloses the compensation earned by the Company's Chief
Executive Officer and its other executive officers whose total salary and bonus
for fiscal 1997 exceeded $100,000 (together, these persons are sometimes
referred to as the "named executives").

   
                      TABLE I - SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                        ANNUAL COMPENSATION                LONG-TERM COMPENSATION
                                                       ----------------------              ----------------------
                                                                                            SECURITIES
                                                                    OTHER       RESTRICTED  UNDERLYING   LONG-TERM      ALL
                                                                    ANNUAL        STOCK       OPTIONS/   INCENTIVE     OTHER
                                   FISCAL    SALARY       BONUS   COMPENSATION    AWARDS       SARS       PAYOUTS   COMPENSATION
NAME AND POSITION                   YEAR      ($)          ($)         ($)         ($)          (#)         ($)         ($)
-----------------                  ------  ----------    ------   -----------   ----------    -------     ------    -----------
<S>                                 <C>    <C>           <C>       <C>          <C>           <C>           <C>     <C>       
Chriss W. Street                    1997   245,192(1)    15,947      5,837      589,919(2)     25,000        0      229,508(3) 
   Chairman, President and Chief    1996   207,324            0      9,225       43,780       100,000        0        1,495(11)
   Executive Officer                1995   153,711            0          0            0       150,000        0            0    
                                                                                                                               
Stuart J. Ghertner (4)              1997   158,958(5)    21,667     27,500(6)         0       125,000        0            0    
 Chief Operating Officer                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                               
Ronald G. Hersch (7)                1997    97,500            0    110,688            0             0        0          789(11)
  Vice President-Strategic          1996   141,000            0     30,639(8)    46,750        20,000        0          928(11)
  Planning & Business Development   1995   102,635            0          0            0        21,500        0            0    
                                                                                                                               
Drew Q. Miller (9)                  1997    37,290            0      1,016            0             0        0          257(11)
  Senior Vice President and         1996   141,491        7,946          0            0        20,000        0        1,003(11)
  Chief Operating Officer           1995    68,999(10)        0          0            0        20,000        0            0    
                                                                                                                               
Kerri Ruppert                       1997   121,289       33,020          0            0        18,500        0        1,076(11)
  Senior Vice President, Chief      1996   116,554       26,453          0            0        17,500        0          837(11)
  Financial Officer and             1995   122,493            0          0            0        19,000        0          970(11)
  Secretary/Treasurer (12)
</TABLE>
    


                                       5
<PAGE>   4
--------------------
 (1)     Does not include a car allowance of $16,413 paid by the Company and in
         accordance with Mr. Street's employment agreement.

 (2)     In September 1995, the Board of Directors granted and issued to its
         President and Chief Executive Officer, 100,000 Restricted Shares of its
         Common Stock, $0.01 par value. The Restricted Shares are subject to
         vesting at the rate of 5,000 Restricted Shares per fiscal year over a
         20-year period. The vesting of the Restricted Shares is subject to
         acceleration upon the occurrence of certain events of acceleration as
         described below. As of May 31, 1997, 47,000 Restricted Shares were
         vested and 53,000 Restricted Shares were unvested; however, the holder
         has the sole voting power.

 (3)     Represents $227,589 of a one-time bonus for taxes payable due to the
         acceleration of Restricted Shares and $1,919 in amounts contributed by
         the Company to Mr. Street's 401(k) Plan account.

 (4)     Dr. Ghertner was employed by the Company on January 1,1997.
         Accordingly, amounts shown for Dr. Ghertner only reflect compensation
         that he earned from his date of hire through the end of fiscal 1997.

 (5)     Between August 6, 1996 through December 31, 1996, Dr. Ghertner served
         as an independent consultant to the Company for which he received an
         aggregate compensation of $93,000.

 (6)     Represents compensation expense related to the vesting of options which
         were not performance related.

 (7)     Dr. Hersch was employed by the Company on August 17, 1995. Accordingly,
         amounts shown for fiscal 1995 for Dr. Hersch only reflect compensation
         that he earned from his date of hire through the end of fiscal 1995.

 (8)     Represents amounts paid by the Company to Dr. Hersch pertaining to his
         relocation to Tampa, Florida.

 (9)     Mr. Miller was employed on November 1, 1994. Accordingly, amounts shown
         for fiscal 1995 for Mr. Miller only reflect compensation that he earned
         from November 1, 1994 to the end of fiscal 1995.

(10)     Does not include amounts paid by the Company for the purchase of
         certain assets of Alternative Psychiatric Centers, Inc. ("APC") from
         Mr. Miller, President and sole shareholder of APC. Such purchase price
         was $50,000 and included the assumption by the Company of certain
         operating leases.

(11)     Represents amounts contributed by the Company to the indicated person's
         401(k) Plan account.

(12)     Ms. Ruppert ceased being an Executive Officer of the Company on
         September 29, 1997.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS

         The Company is party to an amended and restated employment agreement
with Mr. Chriss W. Street that has a term expiring on December 31, 1998. Mr.
Street's employment agreement as amended on November 1, 1995 provides for a
salary at the rate of $250,000 per annum. In addition, Mr. Street is provided
with health insurance and other benefits and a policy of life insurance. He also
receives an auto allowance of $500 per month and reimbursement for expenses
incurred on behalf of the Company and in connection with the performance of his
duties. The agreement obligates the Company to use its best efforts to cause Mr.
Street to continue to be elected as a Class II director, and as Chairman of its
Board of Directors. The agreement provides that the Company procure Directors
and Officers Liability Insurance in an amount not less than $1.0 million. Mr.
Street's employment agreement provides that in the event of a change of control
of the Company as defined, Mr. Street will be paid for the remainder of the
unexpired term of his agreement plus two times the sum of Mr. Street's then
prevailing base salary.


                                       6
<PAGE>   5
         During fiscal 1997, certain objective non-discretionary conditions for
acceleration related to the vesting of 37,000 Restricted Shares granted to the
CEO were achieved. Based on increases in the fair market value of the Company's
Common Stock, the Company provided for compensation expenses of $0.5 million
for the acceleration of 37,000 Restricted Shares; to be earned in the fiscal
year ended May 31, 1997. In addition, the estimated bonus payments for income
taxes as provided for in the employment agreement were approximately $0.2
million during fiscal 1997.

         The Company entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Stuart J.
Ghertner effective January 1, 1997, and which had a term expiring on December
31, 1998. Dr. Ghertner's employment agreement provided for a salary at the rate
of $175,000 per annum. In conjunction with this employment agreement, the
Company granted options to purchase 120,000 shares of Common Stock. The vesting
of 100,000 options was subject to certain performance-related criteria related
to quarterly revenues from operations and net earnings before taxes. In the
event Dr. Ghertner is terminated for cause or resigns without good reason as
defined, any unvested options would be forfeited. Effective September 21, 1997,
Dr. Ghertner resigned as an officer of the Company and all unvested performance
based options will lapse and terminate.

   
         Furthermore, in connection with the Company's indemnification program
for executive officers and directors, Messrs. Street, Boucher, Feigenbaum,
Ghertner, McCarthy, Nicol and Pantuliano and Ms. Kerri Ruppert (Chief Financial
Officer of the Company during the Company's last fiscal year), as well as
three former directors and three former executive officers, are entitled to
indemnification and are beneficiaries of the directors and officers
indemnification trust (as described below). The Company's Directors and Officers
Trust Agreement dated February 27, 1995 (the "Trust Agreement"), provides for
the establishment of a trust (the "Trust") with a minimum three-year term to
provide a source for certain payments required to be made under the
indemnification agreements (each an "Indemnification Agreement"), between the
Company and certain of its officers and members of the Board of Directors of the
Company (each an "Indemnitee") granted for the purpose of indemnifying each to
the maximum extent permitted by law and such Indemnification Agreements from and
against any investigation, claim, action, suit or proceeding against them or
involving them relating to or arising from acts taken or refrained from being
taken in any capacity on behalf of the Company or while serving in an official
capacity.
    

         The Company considers it desirable to provide each Indemnitee with
specified assurances that the Company can and will honor the Company's
obligations under the Indemnification Agreements, including a policy of
insurance to provide for directors and officers liability coverage and the
transfer of $250,000 cash to the Trustee in an amount intended to provide for
future insurance deductibles. For the converting of their Insurance Policy or
Policies, which are held by the Company, the Trust Fund is held by a Trustee
separate and apart from other assets of the Company. The Trust is irrevocable by
the Company, but automatically shall terminate when all assets of the Trust Fund
have been distributed. Termination of the Trust shall not relieve the Company of
its remaining liabilities and obligations under each Indemnification Agreement.
The capitalized terms below have the meanings given to them in the Trust
Agreement.

         Upon written demand for payment by the person designated in the Trust
Agreement as Beneficiary Representative accompanied by a "Notice of
Qualification" (as defined below), the Trustee shall pay the person designated
in the Trust Agreement ("Underwriter") to administer the payments to the amounts
of Indemnitees an amount not greater than the balance, if any, of the specified
bookkeeping account ("Account") recorded by the Trustee for each Indemnitee. A
"Notice of Qualification" is a written statement by the Beneficiary
Representative which (i) states the date and action on which the policyholder is
obligated to Indemnitee(s) under the terms of the Indemnification Agreement,
(ii) certifies that, pursuant to the terms of the Indemnification Agreement, the
Indemnitees are entitled to payment thereunder as a result of the investigation,
claim, action, suit or proceeding, and (iii) states the amount of the payment to
which the Underwriter is entitled. Upon the receipt of a demand, the Trustee
promptly shall inform the Company of such receipt by courier delivery to the
Company of written notice thereof. Subject to any contrary order issued by a
court of competent jurisdiction, a payment made pursuant to this Section may be
made


                                       7
<PAGE>   6
without the approval or direction of the Company, and shall be made despite any
direction to the contrary by the Company. Prior to the time, amounts are to be
paid to the Underwriter or his designee from the Trust Fund as described above,
Indemnitees have no preferred claim or beneficial ownership interest in trust
funds, and their rights are merely unsecured contractual rights.

         As soon as practicable after all Accounts have filed a demand for and
received payment in the manner described above, or, if earlier, upon the
expiration of three (3) calendar years from the date the Trust Agreement is
entered into, the Trustee shall pay to the Company all amounts then held in the
Trust Fund; provided that, if any payment from the Trust to the Beneficiary
Representative or the Underwriter or his designee who has filed a demand in the
manner described above is being contested or litigated, and payment from the
Trust is delayed under the terms of this Agreement or at the direction of a
court of competent jurisdiction beyond the expiration of the three (3) year
period specified above, payment to the Company shall be delayed until the proper
disposition of the payment to the Indemnitee has been determined. If the Company
and the Beneficiary Representative each certify to the Trustee that the
Company's obligations to make lump sum payments under the Indemnification
Agreement have been satisfied or are no longer required to be maintained by the
Trust, the Trustee shall repay to the Company all monies then held in the Trust
Fund.

EXECUTIVE TERMINATION AGREEMENTS

         For information related to the termination benefits for Mr. Street, see
the description of the amended and restated employment agreement and Restricted
Shares with Mr. Street under "Contracts with Executives".



                                       8
<PAGE>   7

                     TABLE II - OPTIONS HELD AT MAY 31, 1997

   
         The following tables present information regarding the number of
unexercised options held by the Company's named executives at May 31, 1997.
Three of the Company's named executives exercised options for 79,832 shares of
the Company's Common Stock in fiscal 1997. No stock appreciation rights were
granted or held by such persons during fiscal 1997.
    

                      OPTION GRANTS IN THE LAST FISCAL YEAR

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                  % OF TOTAL
                                                   OPTIONS
                                                  GRANTED TO      EXERCISE                            GRANT DATE
                                 OPTIONS         EMPLOYEES IN     PRICE PER         EXPIRATION         PRESENT
NAME                             GRANTED         FISCAL YEAR        SHARE              DATE            VALUE(1)
----                             -------         -----------      ---------         ----------        ----------
<S>                              <C>             <C>              <C>               <C>                <C>    
Chriss W. Street(2)               25,000               7%         $  7.875            8/25/06            $3.66
Stuart J. Ghertner(3)              5,000               1             7.875            8/25/06             3.66
                                 120,000              35            11.375            1/01/07             5.88
Kerri Ruppert(4)                  18,500               5             7.875            8/23/06             3.66
                                 -------
                                 168,500
                                 =======
</TABLE>

------------------

(1)      Black-Scholes option pricing method has been used to calculate present
         value as of date of grant. The present value as of the date of grant,
         calculated using the Black-Scholes method, is based on assumptions
         about future interest rates, stock price volatility and dividend yield.
         There is no assurance that these assumptions will prove to be true in
         the future. The actual value, if any, that may be realized by each
         individual will depend upon the market price of the common stock on the
         date of exercise.

(2)      Includes 25,000 options under a restricted stock grant under the 1988
         Incentive Stock Option Plan ("ISO Plan") and Non-statutory Plan ("NSO
         Plan").

(3)      Includes 5,000 options granted under the NSO Plan and 120,000 options,
         of which 100,000 are performance-based, granted under the 1995
         Incentive Plan. Effective September 12, 1997, Dr. Ghertner resigned
         as an officer of the Company for personal reasons. Accordingly, all
         100,000 performance-based options will expire and not be exercisable.

(4)      Includes 18,500 options granted under the ISO/NSO Plans. Ms. Ruppert
         ceased as an Executive Officer on September 29, 1997.


                                       9
<PAGE>   8
                AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
                   AND AGGREGATED FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUE

   
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                             VALUE OF
                                                                       NUMBER OF            UNEXERCISED
                                                                      UNEXERCISED          IN-THE-MONEY
                                                                      OPTIONS AT            OPTIONS AT
                         SHARES                                   FISCAL YEAR-END (1)   FISCAL YEAR-END (2)
                       ACQUIRED ON               VALUE               EXERCISABLE/          EXERCISABLE/
       NAME            EXERCISE (#)            REALIZED ($)          UNEXERCISABLE         UNEXERCISABLE
       ----            ------------            ------------       -------------------   -------------------
<S>                    <C>                     <C>                <C>                   <C>     
Chriss W. Street (3)          0                          0           152,000/73,000      $921,625/$331,500
Stuart J. Ghertner        5,000                     35,625           20,000/100,000         52,500/262,500
Ronald G. Hersch         34,832                    295,684                      0/0                    0/0
Drew Q. Miller           40,000                    133,200                      0/0                    0/0
Kerri Ruppert                 0                          0             51,500/5,000         323,565/38,750

</TABLE>
    

----------------

(1)      The numbers of options granted prior to October 21, 1994, have been
         adjusted for the ten-for-one reverse stock split which was effective
         October 21, 1994.

(2)      Calculated on the basis of the closing sale price per share for the
         Company's Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange of $14.00 on May
         31, 1997. Value was calculated on the basis of the difference between
         the option exercise price and $14.00 multiplied by the number of shares
         of Common Stock underlying the respective options.

(3)      Exercisable options includes options for 40,000, 25,000, 20,000 and
         20,000 shares granted in the Company's 1988 Incentive Stock Option and
         Non-statutory Plans at $6.25, $7.875, $8.00 and $10.00 per share,
         respectively. Such options vest on March 7, 1995 and 1996,
         respectively. Exercisable options also include 47,000 shares issued
         under a Restricted Stock Grant in the 1995 Incentive Plan at $8.50 per
         share. Unexercisable options include options for 20,000 shares in the
         Company's 1988 Incentive Stock Option Plan at $12.00 per share and
         vesting on March 7, 1998. Unexercisable options also include 53,000
         shares issued under a Restricted Stock Grant in the 1995 Incentive Plan
         at $8.50 per share and vesting over the next nineteen years.


                                       10
<PAGE>   9
ITEM 12.  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

          The following table sets forth information concerning the beneficial
ownership of Common Stock by the directors of the Company, the executive
officers named in the Summary Compensation Table included elsewhere herein and
all directors and executive officers as a group. Such information is given as of
October 3, 1997. According to rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange
Commission, a person is the "beneficial owner" of securities if he or she has,
or shares, the power to vote them or to direct their investment. Except as
otherwise noted, the indicated owners have sole voting and investment power with
respect to shares beneficially owned. An asterisk in the Percent of Class column
indicates beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the outstanding Common Stock.

   
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

       NAME OF                           AMOUNT AND NATURE OF        PERCENT
   BENEFICIAL OWNER                      BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP        OF CLASS
   ----------------                      --------------------        --------
<S>                                      <C>                         <C>  
William H. Boucher                             20,000(1)                 *
J. Marvin Feigenbaum                           26,666(2)                 *
Stuart J. Ghertner, Ph.D.                      20,000(3)                 *
Lindner Funds (4)                             593,820                 17.3%
Ronald G. Hersch, Ph.D.                         2,500(5)                 *
Drew Q. Miller                                      0(6)                 *
W. James Nicol                                 21,397(7)                 *
A. Richard Pantuliano                               0(8)                 *
John A. McCarthy, Jr. (8)                           0                    *
Kerri Ruppert                                  56,500(9)               1.6%
Carol Pollack (11)                                  0                    *
Chriss W. Street                             211,560(10)               6.2%
All executive officers and
  directors as a group (6 persons)           361,123(12)              10.5%

</TABLE>
    

-------------------

 (1)    Includes 20,000 shares subject to options that are presently exercisable
        or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this Proxy Statement.

 (2)    Includes 26,666 shares subject to options that are presently exercisable
        or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this Proxy Statement.

 (3)    Includes 20,000 shares subject to options that are presently exercisable
        or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this Proxy Statement. Dr.
        Ghertner was appointed Interim Chief Operating Officer of the Company on
        August 15, 1996; and on September 3, 1996, was named Interim President
        of the Company's majority


                                       11
<PAGE>   10

   
        owned subsidiary, Comprehensive Behavioral Care, Inc. ("Comprehensive
        Behavioral"). On January 1, 1997, Dr. Ghertner was named Chief Operating
        Officer of the Company and President of Comprehensive Behavioral. Dr.
        Ghertner tendered his resignation effective September 12, 1997. 
        Dr. Ghertner's mailing address is 25 Pheasant Ridge Drive, Henderson, 
        Nevada 89014.  
    

 (4)    The mailing address of Lindner Funds is c/o Ryback Management
        Corporation, 7711 Carondelet Avenue, Suite 700, St. Louis, Missouri
        63105. Includes approximately 343,820 shares as the result of
        the conversion of 41,160 shares of Preferred Stock and 250,000
        shares sold under an Amended Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated June
        29, 1995. Lindner Funds, as described in its Amendment No. 3 to 
        Schedule 13G dated June 23, 1997, holds the shares and convertible 
        debt in more than one fund.

 (5)    On September 3, 1996, Dr. Hersch was named Vice President - Strategic
        Planning & Business Development for the Company. On October 15, 1996,
        Dr. Hersch resigned from the Company as an officer and from all
        positions effective January 15, 1997. Inclusion of Dr. Hersch on this
        table is only by reason of inclusion in the Summary Compensation Table.
        Dr. Hersch's mailing address is 324 Brightwaters Blvd., St. Petersburg,
        Florida 33704.

 (6)    Mr. Drew Miller was an executive officer of the Company until August 14,
        1996; at which time he resigned as Senior Vice President and Chief
        Operating Officer. Inclusion of Mr. Miller on this table is only by
        reason of inclusion in the Summary Compensation Table. Mr. Miller's
        mailing address is 10071 High Cliff Drive, Santa Ana, California 92705.

 (7)    Includes 564 shares held by Mr. Nicol's spouse as custodian for their
        three children, and 20,833 shares subject to options that are presently
        exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this Proxy
        Statement.

 (8)    Includes 2,500 shares subject to options that are presently exercisable
        or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this Proxy Statement.

 (9)    Consists of 56,500 shares subject to options that are presently
        exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this Proxy
        Statement. Ms. Ruppert ceased to be an Executive Officer on September
        29, 1997.

(10)    Includes 6,560 shares held directly and 105,000 shares subject to
        options that are presently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of
        the date of this Proxy Statement. Also includes 47,000 vested shares and
        53,000 Restricted Shares under a Restricted Stock Agreement over which
        the holder has the sole voting power.

(11)    Ms. Pollack was appointed as Interim Chief Financial Officer of the
        Company on September 30, 1997.

(12)    Includes a total of 304,499 shares subject to outstanding options that
        are presently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of
        this Proxy Statement, and 53,000 shares of restricted stock over which
        the holder has sole voting power.


                                       12
<PAGE>   11

   
                                   SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, October 3, 1997.
    


                                          COMPREHENSIVE CARE CORPORATION

                                          By: /s/ CHRISS W. STREET
                                          -----------------------------
                                                  Chriss W. Street
                                          (Principal Executive Officer)


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