SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Attachment 1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs & Performance Data

Last updated: 3/31/2015

UOG TTR Figure/Table Tab Name Description

Table A-1, Table B-2, Table B-8, Table 

B-13, Table B-16, Table B-22, Table B26, Table B-32Tech. Purchase & Rental Cost

This tab contains the maximum influent TDS concentration for cost effective operation, 

residual waste streams generated, and range of cost for UOG operators to purchase or rent, 

operate, and maintain the technology 

Table B-1 Filtration Treatment performance data for filtration in UOG wastewater applications.

Table B-6 ChemPrecip Treatment performance data for chemical precipitation in UOG wastewater applications.

Table B-11 EC

Treatment performance data for electrocoagulation in UOG wastewater applications.

Table B-15 AOP

Treatment performance data for advanced oxidation precipitation (AOP) in UOG wastewater 

applications.

Table B-19 EvapCond Treatment performance data for evaporation/condensation in UOG wastewater applications.

Table B-29 RO

Treatment performance data for reverse osmosis (RO) in UOG wastewater applications.

Figure B-17 EvapCond Recovery (Data) Data for the Evaporation/Condensation graph on percent recovery (calculated).

Figure B-17 EvapCond Recovery (Graph)

Graph of the percent recovery for evaporation/condensation technologies. Typical distillate 

recovery vs. influent TDS concentration.

Table B-4, Table B-10, Table B-14, 

Table B-17, Table B-18, Table B-24, 

Table B-28, Table B-34 Vendor Units Vendor information for UOG extraction wastewater treatment technologies

Table B-12, Table B-21, Table B-25, 

Table B-31 Energy Energy consumption of UOG extraction wastewater treatment technologies

Figure B-11 TDS Plot

Shows general ranges of costs associated with the three TDS removal technologies versus 

influent TDS concentrations

Sources are noted within each tab. Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment 

Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

This attachment only includes data for tables/figures generated using aggregated data or calculated values.

Page 1 of 1
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

UOG Wastewater Treatment Technology Purchase and Rental Costs

Notes:

Abbreviations: DAF - Dissolved air flotation; EC - Electrocoagulation; FO - Forward osmosis; N/A - Not applicable; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids

Source: Noted in column K - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

Technology Vendor Influent TDS (mg/L) System Description Cost Basis Capacity (gpd) Total Capital Cost ($)

Capital 

($/gpd) O&M ($/bbl) Rental Cost ($/bbl) Reference Notes

Advanced Oxidation and Precipitation Hydrozonix N/A Mobile system Rental 4000000+ NR NR NR 0.50 to 0.75 SGE00705

Advanced Oxidation and Precipitation Ecosphere Ozonix N/A Mobile system Rental 4000000+ NR NR NR 0.60 to 1.30 SGE00331; SGE00647

Chemical Precipitation General N/A Plant Purchase 1,200,000 6,000,000 to 7,000,000 5 to 6 NR NA SGE00245

Chemical Precipitation General N/A Plant Purchase 400,000 3,500,000 8.8 NR NA SGE00245

Chemical Precipitation General N/A System Rental or Purchase NR NR NR 0.15 to 0.30 <2 SGE00070

Chemical Precipitation General N/A Unit Rental or Purchase 21,600 450,000 20.8 NR 0.5 to 3 SGE00095

Chemical Precipitation General N/A Unit Rental or Purchase 720,000 1,000,000 1.4 NR 0.5 to 3 SGE00095

Chemical Precipitation AquaPure Rover N/A Mobile system Rental 285,000 NR NR <1 2 to 4 SGE00415; SGE00239

Crystallization NR 100,000 Unit Purchase 210,000 7,000,000 33.33 NR NR SGE00300

Crystallization NR 110,000 to 130,000 Plant Rental or Purchase 250,000 30,000,000 120.00 3.50 11 to 22 SGE00238

Crystallization NR 40,000 to 150,000 System Purchase 250,000 11,316,000 45.26 3.70 NR SGE00306.A06

Crystallization GE ~130,000 Plant NR 1,000,000 NR NR NR 5 to 6.80 SGE00677

Crystallization General NR System Rental NR NR NR NR

Adds 1 to 3 to 

evaporation/condensatio

n costs SGE00227

Electrocoagulation General N/A Mobile system with DAF Purchase 63,360 727,322 11.5 NR NR SGE00658

Capacity: System contains both EC and DAF. EC can 

only treat 63,360 gpd but the DAF can treat 168,480 

gpd.

Total Capital Cost: Cost of complete mobile system 

that included EC, DAF, and RO but with the cost for 

RO removed.

Electrocoagulation General N/A Mobile system with filtration Purchase 100,800 400,000 4.0 0.25 NR SGE00661

Electrocoagulation General N/A Mobile system with filtration Purchase 144,000 600,000 4.2 0.25 NR SGE00661

Electrocoagulation General N/A System at a centralized facility Rental or Purchase 82,000 100,000 1.2 1.80 to 2.80 1.90 to 3.10 SGE00638.A12

Electrocoagulation Halliburton CleanWave N/A Mobile system Rental 1,000,000 NR NR 1.52 1 to 3 SGE00311.A01; SGE00638.A11

Electrocoagulation OriginOil Clean-Frac N/A Mobile system Rental NR NR NR 0.52 - 1.05 NR SGE00672

Evaporation/Condensation General 110,000 to 130,000 mobile system Rental or Purchase 60,000 6,000,000 100.00 2.40 5.40 SGE00238

Evaporation/Condensation AltelaRain 25,300 - 195,000 plant Rental or Purchase NR NR 8.00 0.14 to 0.89 5.24 SGE00124, SGE00110, SGE00264

Evaporation/Condensation AquaPure Nomad 45,000 to 80,000 plant Unknown 320,000 NR NR 2.58 5.00 to 6.00 SGE00415; SGE00616; SGE00421

Evaporation/Condensation AquaPure Nomad 45,000 to 80,000 mobile system Rental or Purchase 105,000 4,000,000 38.10 0.94 4.00 to 6.00 SGE00239

O&M: Estimated at $73,000 per month.

Rental Cost: Equal to amortized capital cost ($79,000 

per month) plus O&M costs.

Evaporation/Condensation GE <128,000 mobile and plant Rental or Purchase NR NR NR 5 to 6.5 SGE00677

Evaporation/Condensation GE NR NR Rental or Purchase NR NR NR 2.5 to 5 SGE00230

Evaporation/Condensation GE NR NR Rental or Purchase 71,988 2,450,000 34.03 NR NR SGE00674

Evaporation/Condensation 212 Resources ~20,000 Plant Purchase 168,000 5,000,000 29.76 0.3 to 0.5 NR SGE00244

Evaporation/Condensation NR 10,000 to 80,000 Plant Rental or Purchase NR NR NR NR 2.57 to 4.5 SGE00095; SGE00421

Evaporation/Condensation Purestream 40,000 - 100,000 Mobile System Rental or Purchase 52,500 $2,200,000 to $2,300,000 22 to 44 1.30 2 to 3 SGE00674; SGE00717

Reverse Osmosis General ~50,000 Mobile system with EC and DAF Rental or Purchase 63,360 1,123,122 17.7 1.51 4.38 SGE00658

Capacity: Treatment system contains an EC, DAF, and 

RO system but EC can only treat 63,360 gpd. The DAF 

and RO can treat 168,000 and 144,000 gpd 

respectively.

Reverse Osmosis Siemens ~30,000 Mobile system Purchase NR 1 to 4 NR NR NR SGE00161

Reverse Osmosis General; Seawater RO 20,000 - 47,000 Mobile system with filtration Purchase NR NR 3 to 7 0.08 NR SGE00264

Reverse Osmosis

Ecosphere Energy 

Services, Inc. 20,000 - 30,000 Mobile system NR 140,000 NR NR NR 3.50 to 4.00 SGE00647

Filtration Unknown N/A mobile system Purchase 25,000 300,000 12.00 NR NR SGE00095

Induced Gas Flotation Purestream N/A Mobile System Rental or Purchase 105,000 $250,000 to $400,000 2.38 to 3.81 NR 0.50 SGE00717

Sedimentation Unknown N/A mobile system Rental or Purchase 630,000 NR NR NR 0.15 to 0.40 SGE01046.A02

Page 1 of 1
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Filtration

Notes:

Abbreviations: ND - Non detect; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TSS - Total suspended solids

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

The tables listed in the Notes column refer to tables in the underlying reference.

Formation Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal 

Efficiency (%) Units Reference

Number of 

Data Points Notes

Marcellus Metals Barium 35 37 -6% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Metals Barium 1,440 1,520 -6% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Barium 2,290 2,397 -5% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Barium 172 165 4% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Barium 201 93 54% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Calcium 21,000 22,183 -6% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Calcium 2,660 2,740 -3% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Metals Calcium 1,610 1,540 4% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Calcium 21,000 19,300 8% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Calcium 10,600 7,830 26% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 80,400 95,400 -19% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 15,400 12,300 20% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 65,000 51,000 22% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 17,100 13,000 24% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 150,000 106,667 29% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Hardness 63,400 74,100 -17% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Hardness 65,900 69,300 -5% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Hardness 4,890 4,650 5% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Hardness 38,000 22,000 42% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Iron 6 8 -33% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Iron 40 45 -13% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Iron 17 18 -6% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Metals Iron 64 66 -3% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Iron 32 15 53% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 293 308 -5% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 2,120 2,187 -3% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 2,220 2,270 -2% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 188 175 7% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 1,200 786 35% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Oil and grease 13 ND mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Potassium 444 996 -124% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Potassium 243 297 -22% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Potassium 117 127 -9% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Metals Potassium 1,810 1,875 -4% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Potassium 701 601 14% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Page 1 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 5,620 5,830 -4% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 42,780 42,780 0% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 8,530 7,260 15% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 45,400 34,400 24% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 32,800 19,500 41% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Strontium 2,980 3,220 -8% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Strontium 5,060 5,267 -4% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Strontium 360 364 -1% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Metals Strontium 280 249 11% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Metals Strontium 1,340 1,090 19% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Sulfate 0 0 mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Sulfate 73 NR mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Sulfate 24 24 0% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Other Sulfate 28 11 61% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other Sulfate 414 101 76% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus TDS TDS 21,300 22,600 -6% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus TDS TDS 188,000 187,000 1% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus TDS TDS 187,000 168,667 10% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus TDS TDS 38,700 28,200 27% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus TDS TDS 11,200 8,140 27% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other TSS 99 81 18% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other TSS 882 681 23% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other TSS 360 244 32% mg/L SGE00714 >1

Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but 

does not specify how many samples were collected.

Marcellus Other TSS 484 313 35% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Marcellus Other TSS 570 187 67% mg/L SGE00714 1 Table 10

Page 2 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Chemical Precipitation

Notes:

Abbreviations: BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids; NaOH - sodium hydroxide.

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column I - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

UOG Formation Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal Efficiency 

(%)

Chemical Additive 

Used Units Reference

Number of 

Data Points Notes:

Eagle Ford Other Alkalinity 340 101 70% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Eagle Ford Other Alkalinity 406 206 49% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Marcellus Other Alkalinity 240 146 39% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Barnett Other Alkalinity 385 4 99% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Other Alkalinity 749 334 55% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Barnett Other Ammonia 84 84 0% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Barnett Metals Barium 7 6 14% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Metals Barium 31 0 100% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Metals Barium 596 43 93% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Woodford Metals Boron 25 23 7% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Barnett Metals Boron 18 16 11% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Barnett Organics BTEX 3 2 28% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Metals Calcium 1,160 37 97% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Metals Calcium 736 540 27% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Barnett Metals Calcium 2,570 2,705 -5% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Chloride Chloride 21,600 21,200 2% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 13,300 12,900 3% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Eagle Ford Other Hardness 1,025 602 41% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Eagle Ford Other Hardness 2,027 1,563 23% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Woodford Other Hardness 301 563 -87% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Other Hardness 2,360 1,550 34% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Woodford Organics HEM 2,100 6 100% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Eagle Ford Metals Iron 26 0 100% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Eagle Ford Metals Iron 83 0 100% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Barnett Metals Iron 27 2 93% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Metals Iron 184 1 100% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Metals Iron 8 1 87% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Barnett Metals Lithium 11 11 0% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Barnett Metals Magnesium 291 296 -2% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Metals Magnesium 1,180 518 56% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 127 49 61% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Eagle Ford Metals Manganese 1 0 100% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Eagle Ford Metals Manganese 2 0 100% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Woodford Metals Manganese 1 0 83% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Metals Nickel 0 0 11% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Barnett Metals Phosphorous 3 2 33% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Barnett Metals Potassium 296 349 -18% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Metals Potassium 559 316 43% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Metals Potassium 36 35 3% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Eagle Ford Other Silica 148 27 82% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Eagle Ford Other Silica 169 18 89% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Woodford Other Silica 185 40 78% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Barnett Sodium Sodium 10,700 12,100 -13% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Sodium Sodium 16,900 17,200 -2% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 7,067 6,788 4% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Woodford Metals Strontium 152 6 96% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Marcellus Metals Strontium 228 174 24% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Barnett Metals Strontium 467 483 -3% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Metals Sulfates 29 31 -7% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Barnett Metals Sulfates 316 205 35% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Metals Sulfates 10 27 -170% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Eagle Ford TDS TDS 32,835 34,610 -5% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Eagle Ford TDS TDS 46,501 48,365 -4% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Barnett TDS TDS 44,900 46,900 -4% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford TDS TDS 32,700 30,700 6% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Barnett Organic TOC 12 9 25% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Organic TOC 18 6 67% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Barnett Organics TPH 19 4 79% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Page 1 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Chemical Precipitation

Notes:

Abbreviations: BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids; NaOH - sodium hydroxide.

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column I - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

UOG Formation Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal Efficiency 

(%)

Chemical Additive 

Used Units Reference

Number of 

Data Points Notes:

Eagle Ford Other TSS 180 19 89% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Eagle Ford Other TSS 277 32 88% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Marcellus Other TSS 116 60 48% NR mg/L SGE00105 1

Barnett Other TSS 357 132 63% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Woodford Other TSS 776 18 98% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1

Eagle Ford Other Turbidity 44 3 93% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Eagle Ford Other Turbidity 100 3 97% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

Page 2 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Electrocoagulation

Notes:

Abbreviations: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand; BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; N/A - Not applicable; ND - Non detect; NR - Not reported; SRB - Sulfate-reducing bacteria; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

Formation Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal Efficiency 

(%) Units Reference

Number of Data 

Points

Eagle Ford Other Alkalinity 708 580 18% mg/L SGE00358 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Aluminum 1.42 2.28 -61% mg/L SGE00667 1

Eagle Ford Metals Barium 4.8 3.0 37% mg/L SGE00358 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Barium 5.69 6.03 -6% mg/L SGE00667 1

Eagle Ford Metals Barium 27.9 6.0 79% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Barium 172 71 59% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Metals Barium 201 120 40% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Metals Barium 258 38 85% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Metals Barium 282 254 10% mg/L SGE00358 1

Haynesville Metals Barium 1,090 1 100% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Barium 1,280 741 42% mg/L SGE00661 1

Marcellus Metals Barium 1440 741 49% mg/L SGE00714 1

Eagle Ford Organics Benzene 0.13 0.04 72% mg/L SGE00358 1

Haynesville Other BOD 102 81 20% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Other BOD 26,022 208 99% mg/L SGE00358 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Boron 20 17 18% mg/L SGE00667 1

Eagle Ford Metals Boron 71 66 7% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Organics BTEX 3,534 2.7 100% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Calcium 437 250 43% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Metals Calcium 516 39 92% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Calcium 1,610 1,040 35% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Eagle Ford Metals Calcium 6,080 5,360 12% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Calcium 10,600 8,820 17% mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus Metals Calcium 12,800 10,600 17% mg/L SGE00661 1

Marcellus Metals Calcium 21,200 14,600 31% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Calcium 29,222 28,845 1% mg/L SGE00667 1

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 17,100 12,600 26% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Eagle Ford Chloride Chloride 18,800 18,400 2% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 65,000 62,400 4% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 80,400 89,600 -11% mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus Chloride Chloride 107,000 89,600 16% mg/L SGE00661 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Chloride Chloride 163,637 164,951 -1% mg/L SGE00667 1

Eagle Ford Metals Chromium 0.06 0.05 9% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Other Hardness 1,250 697 44% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Other Hardness 4,890 3,960 19% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Eagle Ford Other Hardness 6,681 5,399 19% mg/L SGE00358 1

Haynesville Other Hardness 6,930 3,650 47% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Other Hardness 7,585 7,124 6% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Other Hardness 38,000 25,200 34% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Other Hardness 63,400 42,200 33% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Metals Iron 6 NR mg/L SGE00714 1

Eagle Ford Metals Iron 18 1 92% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Iron 32 0 100% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Iron 35 0 99% mg/L SGE00667 1

Marcellus Metals Iron 40 NR mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus Metals Iron 50 1 98% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Metals Iron 62 NR mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Metals Iron 82 1 99% mg/L SGE00358 1

Haynesville Metals Iron 160 1 99% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Metals Lead 0.02 0.015 33% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Metals Magnesium 37 25 33% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 39 17 56% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 188 121 36% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Haynesville Metals Magnesium 360 280 22% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Metals Magnesium 669 101 85% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Metals Magnesium 691 504 27% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 1,200 933 22% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 1,930 1,120 42% mg/L SGE00661 1

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 2,220 1,120 50% mg/L SGE00714 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Magnesium 4,347 3,148 28% mg/L SGE00667 1

Eagle Ford Metals Manganese 4.24 0.075 98% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Potassium 35 31 11% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Metals Potassium 143 137 4% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Potassium 243 207 15% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Page 1 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Electrocoagulation

Notes:

Abbreviations: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand; BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; N/A - Not applicable; ND - Non detect; NR - Not reported; SRB - Sulfate-reducing bacteria; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

Formation Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal Efficiency 

(%) Units Reference

Number of Data 

Points

Marcellus Metals Potassium 398 357 10% mg/L SGE00661 1

Marcellus Metals Potassium 444 347 22% mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus Metals Potassium 668 595 11% mg/L SGE00661 1

Marcellus Metals Potassium 701 595 15% mg/L SGE00714 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Potassium 1,660 1,689 -2% mg/L SGE00667 1

Haynesville Other Silica 17 3 81% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Other Silica 23 0.351 99% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Other Silica 41 0.273 99% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Other Silica 66 13.7 79% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 4,298 4,196 2% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Sodium Sodium 8,180 8,630 -6% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 8,530 4,960 42% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 32,800 22,600 31% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 41,900 31,100 26% mg/L SGE00661 1

Marcellus Sodium Sodium 45,400 31,100 31% mg/L SGE00714 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Sodium Sodium 70,342 75,517 -7% mg/L SGE00667 1

Eagle Ford Other SRB 1,200 200 83% cfu/100 mL SGE00358 1

Marcellus Other SRB 450,000 4,200 99% cfu/100 mL SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Metals Strontium 75 24.1 68% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Strontium 108 72 33% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Strontium 280 214 24% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Eagle Ford Metals Strontium 578 352 39% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Metals Strontium 1,307 1,270 3% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Metals Strontium 1,340 1,250 7% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Haynesville Metals Strontium 2,000 417 79% mg/L SGE00358 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Strontium 2,204 2,020 8% mg/L SGE00667 1

Marcellus Metals Strontium 2,980 3,090 -4% mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus Other Sulfate 28 13 54% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Other Sulfate 40 38 5% mg/L SGE00667 1

Marcellus Other Sulfate 73 NR mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus Other Sulfate 414 88 79% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus TDS TDS 38,700 26,800 31% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus TDS TDS 112,000 96,500 14% mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus TDS TDS 114,200 98,400 14% mg/L SGE00661 1

Marcellus TDS TDS 188,000 166,000 12% mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus TDS TDS 189,000 166,000 12% mg/L SGE00661 1

Avalon & Bone Spring TDS TDS 267,588 273,552 -2% mg/L SGE00667 1

Eagle Ford Organics TOC 612 597 2% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Organics Toluene 0.03 0.01 55% mg/L SGE00358 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Organics TPH 20 5 75% mg/L SGE00667 1

Eagle Ford Organics TPH (C12-C28) 45 3 92% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Organics TPH (C28-C35) 4 ND mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Organics TPH (C6 - C35) 22 6 75% mg/L SGE00358 1

Haynesville Organics TPH (C6 - C35) 50 6 88% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Organics TPH (C6-C12) 5 2 59% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Organics TPH (C6-C35) 54 5 90% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Other TSS 40 34 15% mg/L SGE00661 1

Marcellus Other TSS 99 66 33% mg/L SGE00714 1

Marcellus Other TSS 300 8 97% mg/L SGE00358 1

Cotton Valley Other TSS 382 46 88% mg/L SGE00358 1

Marcellus Other TSS 570 138 76% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Marcellus Other TSS 882 302 66% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Eagle Ford Other TSS 976 6 99% mg/L SGE00358 1

Haynesville Other TSS 1,326 154 88% mg/L SGE00358 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Other TSS 10,623 92 99% mg/L SGE00667 1

Avalon & Bone Spring Other Turbidity 182 15.4 92% mg/L SGE00667 1

Page 2 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Advanced Oxidation Precipitation (AOP)

Notes:

Abbreviations: SRB - Sulfate-reducing bacteria; mpn - most probable number

"Iron" and "Iron, total" were combined into one entry for the purpose of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692 .

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

UOG Formation Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal Efficiency 

(%) Units Reference

Number of 

Data Points Notes

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Alkalinity

150 95 37% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Alkalinity

700 530 24% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Barium

285 250 12% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Barium

56 42 25% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Calcium

2,408 2,360 2% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Calcium

427 323 24% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Calcium hardness

6,020 5,900 2% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Calcium hardness

1,840 1,700 8% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Carbonate

92 58 37% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Carbonate

4.5 2.8 38% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Chloride

19,250 19,200 0% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Chloride

17,650 17,250 2% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Hardness

7,340 7,110 3% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Hardness

2,050 1,950 5% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Iron

16 5.9 62% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Iron

147 148 -1% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Iron, total

21 20 7% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Iron, total

144 143 1% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Magnesium

317 290 9% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Magnesium

736 680 8% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Bacteria

230 4 98% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Bacteria

9,300 4 100% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other SRB (mpn/mL) 12,914 92 99% mpn/mL SGE00707 9

Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other SRB (mpn/mL) 58,103 126 100% mpn/mL SGE00707 15

Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other SRB (mpn/mL) 140,515 449 100% mpn/mL SGE00707 14

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Sulfates

100 85 15% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Wolfcamp/Spraberry

Other Sulfates

855 657 23% mg/L SGE00705 >1

SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not 

specify how many samples were collected.

Page 1 of 1
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Evaporation/Condensation

Notes:

Abbreviations: BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; N/A - Not applicable; ND - Non detect; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column I - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

SGE00415 sampled twice a week for 60 days.

Formation Wastewater Type Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal 

Efficiency (%) Units Reference

Number of 

Data Points Notes

Marcellus Flowback Chloride Chloride 20,100 35.4 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Chloride Chloride 108,600 45.1 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Metals Calcium 2,465 3.81 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Other Ammonia 84 64 24% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Produced Metals Calcium 15,460 5.12 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Other Boron 6.4 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Other Boron 11 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Metals Barium 6 0.1 98% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Barnett Flowback Other Boron 16 0.4 98% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Flowback Metals Barium 52.9 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Metals Barium 158 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Metals Zinc 0.4 0.16 60% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Metals Zinc 0.4 ND mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Metals Strontium 265 0.47 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Organics BTEX 2.1 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Produced Metals Strontium 2,190 0.7 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Metals Calcium 2705 0.8 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Barnett Flowback Metals Iron 2 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Flowback Metals Manganese 2 0.02 99% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Metals Manganese 5.2 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Metals Magnesium 215 0.36 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Metals Lithium 11 0.1 99% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Produced Metals Magnesium 1,415 0.47 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Metals Magnesium 296 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Barnett Flowback Metals Phosphorous 2 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Flowback Metals Iron 8.3 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Metals Iron 68 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Metals Copper 0.52 0.08 85% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Metals Copper 0.8 0.02 98% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Metals Potassium 349 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Flowback Metals Aluminum 2 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Metals Aluminum 2 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Other Sodium 12,100 3.6 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Produced Organics Toluene 948 ND μg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Organics Toluene 85.3 2.2 97% μg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Metals Strontium 483 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Produced Organics Benzene 756 ND μg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Organics Benzene 0.055 0.001 98% μg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Other TSS 22 3 86% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Other TSS 35 3 91% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Other Sulfates 205 5 98% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Flowback Other Total hardness 4,040 11 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Other Total hardness 44,431 15 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Other Sulfates 130 3.1 98% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Other Sulfates 155 2.2 99% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback TDS TDS 46,900 103 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Flowback Other Sodium 10,380 18.6 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Organics TPH 4 4 0% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Produced Other Sodium 21,200 24.8 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Other Silica 49 1 98% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Other Silica 52 ND mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Other Fluoride 8.5 0.16 98% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Other Fluoride 9.5 0.15 98% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Other Bicarbonate 196 24 88% mg/L SGE00110 1

Page 1 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Marcellus Produced Other Alkalinity 94 9 90% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Other Alkalinity 196 48 76% mg/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Thorium-228 1.21 0.143 88% pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Radioactives Thorium-228 31 0.177 99% pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Radium-228 27.3 ND pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Radioactives Radium-228 715 0.434 100% pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Radium-226 33.1 ND pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Radioactives Radium-226 1,448 0.231 100% pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Gross beta 240 ND pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Radioactives Gross beta 416 0.429 100% pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Gross alpha 76.4 ND pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Produced Radioactives Gross alpha 3,009 0.685 100% pCi/L SGE00110 1

Marcellus Flowback TDS TDS 40,530 76 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Barnett Flowback Other TSS 132 4 97% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Marcellus Produced TDS TDS 195,130 88 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Page 2 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Reverse Osmosis

Notes:

Abbreviations: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand; BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; COD - Chemical oxygen demand; HEM - Hexane extractable material; ND - Non detect; O&G - Oil & grease; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids; pCi - picocurie

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

Formation Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal 

Efficiency (%) Units Reference

Number of 

Data Points

Woodford Other Alkalinity 334 22.7 93% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Other Alkalinity 1,002 31 97% mg/L SGE00333 1

Eagle Ford Other Alkalinity 580 81 86% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford Metals Aluminum 0.347 0.0000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Eagle Ford Metals Aluminum 1.000 0.20 80% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford Other Ammonia 53.000 1.89 96% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Other Ammonia 39.900 1.1 97% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Metals Arsenic 0.037 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Metals Barium 0.147 0.100 32% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Metals Barium 34.900 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Eagle Ford Metals Barium 5.960 0.200 97% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford Organics Benzene (μg/L) 4.730 0.000 100% μg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Organics Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (μg/L) 38.300 0.000 100% μg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Other BOD 196 9 95% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Metals Boron 23.000 8.350 64% mg/L SGE00070 1

Lance/Mesaverde Metals Boron 15 0.750 95% mg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Metals Boron 30.000 0.750 98% mg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Organics BTEX (μg/L) 28,000 ND μg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Organics BTEX (μg/L) 80,000 ND μg/L SGE00675 1

Woodford Metals Cadmium 0.014 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Metals Calcium 37.400 5.000 87% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Metals Calcium 352.000 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Eagle Ford Metals Calcium 39.000 5.000 87% mg/L SGE00358 1

Lance/Mesaverde Chloride Chloride 4,589 56.5 99% mg/L SGE00690 1

Woodford Chloride Chloride 21,200 243 99% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Chloride Chloride 8,393 27 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Lance/Mesaverde Chloride Chloride 3,600 18 100% mg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Chloride Chloride 6,750 18 100% mg/L SGE00675 1

Eagle Ford Chloride Chlorides 18,400 93.6 99% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford Metals Chromium 0.068 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Other COD 248 2 99% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Metals Copper 0.068 0.020 71% mg/L SGE00333 1

Eagle Ford Metals Copper 0.130 0.025 81% mg/L SGE00358 1

Lance/Mesaverde Organics Diesel Range Organics (μg/L) 77,000 ND μg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Organics Diesel Range Organics (μg/L) 1,100,000 ND μg/L SGE00675 1

Woodford Organics Ethylbenzene (μg/L) 4 0 100% μg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Other Fluoride 2 0 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Lance/Mesaverde Organics Gasoline Range Organics (μg/L) 88,000 ND μg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Organics Gasoline Range Organics (μg/L) 420,000 ND μg/L SGE00675 1

Woodford Radioactives Gross Alpha (pCi/L) 265 0 100% pCi/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Radioactives Gross Beta (pCi/L) 72 0 100% pCi/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Other Hardness 563 10 98% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Other Hardness 1,163 0 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Organics HEM 6 6 0% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Metals Iron 0.500 0.500 0% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Metals Iron 13.400 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Eagle Ford Metals Iron 1.390 0.100 93% mg/L SGE00358 1

Eagle Ford Metals Lead 0.015 0.003 80% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford Metals Magnesium 518.000 8.210 98% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Metals Magnesium 69.000 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Eagle Ford Metals Magnesium 25.000 5.000 80% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford Metals Manganese 0.100 0.100 0% mg/L SGE00070 1

Eagle Ford Metals Manganese 0.075 0.015 80% mg/L SGE00358 1

Lance/Mesaverde Other Methanol 40 ND mg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Other Methanol 1,500 ND mg/L SGE00675 1

Woodford Metals Nickel 0.100 0.100 0% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Metals Nickel 0.056 0.025 55% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Organics O&G 14 1.1 92% mg/L SGE00333 1

Lance/Mesaverde Organics O&G 50 ND mg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Organics O&G 2,400 ND mg/L SGE00675 1

Woodford Organics Phenol (μg/L) 39 0 100% μg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Metals Phosphorous 1.150 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Metals Potassium 316.000 5.000 98% mg/L SGE00070 1

Eagle Ford Metals Potassium 137.000 5.000 96% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford Radioactives Radium 226 (pCi/L) 82 0 100% pCi/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Radioactives Radium 228 (pCi/L) 7 0 100% pCi/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Other Silica 40 5 87% mg/L SGE00070 1

Eagle Ford Other Silica 14 0.43 97% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford metals Silver 0.087 0.001 99% mg/L SGE00333 1

Lance/Mesaverde Other Sodium 3,324 36.6 99% mg/L SGE00690 1

Woodford Other Sodium 17,200 221 99% mg/L SGE00070 1

Eagle Ford Other Sodium 8,630 88.3 99% mg/L SGE00358 1

Page 1 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Removal Efficiency: Reverse Osmosis

Notes:

Abbreviations: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand; BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; COD - Chemical oxygen demand; HEM - Hexane extractable material; ND - Non detect; O&G - Oil & grease; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids; pCi - picocurie

Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration

Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

Formation Category Constituent

Influent 

Concentration

Effluent 

Concentration

Removal 

Efficiency (%) Units Reference

Number of 

Data Points

Woodford Metals Strontium 6.430 0.100 98% mg/L SGE00070 1

Eagle Ford Metals Strontium 24.100 0.099 100% mg/L SGE00358 1

Woodford Other Sulfates 31 1 97% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Other Sulfates 24 0 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Lance/Mesaverde Other Sulfates 10 ND mg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde Other Sulfates 100 ND mg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde TDS TDS 11,957 93 99% mg/L SGE00690 1

Woodford TDS TDS 30,700 440 99% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford TDS TDS 13,833 128 99% mg/L SGE00333 1

Lance/Mesaverde TDS TDS 8,000 41 99% mg/L SGE00675 1

Lance/Mesaverde TDS TDS 15,000 41 100% mg/L SGE00675 1

Woodford Metals Thallium 0.038 0.000 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Organics TOC 6 1 83% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Organics TOC 65 3 95% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Organics Toluene (μg/L) 6 0.97 83% μg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Other TSS 18 10 44% mg/L SGE00070 1

Woodford Other TSS 65 0 100% mg/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Radioactives Uranium 234 (pCi/L) 1 0 100% pCi/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Radioactives Uranium 238 (pCi/L) 1 0 100% pCi/L SGE00333 1

Woodford Organics Xylenes (μg/L) 24 0 100% μg/L SGE00333 1

Page 2 of 2
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Evaporation/Condensation: Treated Wastewater Recovery vs. Influent TDS Concentration - Data for Graph

Notes:

Abbreviations: TDS - Total dissolved solids

Equation Used: Recovery (%) = -0.0005 x Influent TDS (mg/L) + 100

Sources: SGE00300; SGE00415

Specific Gravity

Influent TDS 

(mg/L) Recovery (%)

1 500 100

1.01 15,400 94

1.02 30,000 87

1.03 44,200 82

1.04 58,000 75

1.05 72,100 68

1.06 86,300 63

1.07 100,000 56

1.08 112,200 50

1.09 124,900 44

1.1 138,000 37

1.11 152,000 31

1.12 164,800 24

1.13 177,800 18

1.14 190,200 13

1.15 202,800 7

1.16 215,200 1

Page 1 of 1
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Page 1 of 1

y = -0.0005x + 100

R2 = 0.9987

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

Distillate

R

e

c

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o

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m

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Influent TDS Concentration (mg/L)

Distillate Recovery versus Influent TDS for Evaporation/Condensation
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Vendor Information for Treatment Technologies for UOG Wastewater

Notes:

Abbreviations: AOP - Advanced oxidation precipitation; NR - Not reported; RO - Reverse osmosis; TDS - Total dissolved solids; bpd - barrels per day

Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

Treatment Technology Vendor Technology Name/ Description

Systems Available 

(mobile/plant)

Surface Footprint 

(ft2) Capacity (bpd) Other Notes Reference

AOP Hydrozonix, LLC Ozonix TM Mobile system Trailer mounted 115200 SGE00705

AOP Ecosphere Technologies, Inc. Ozonix TM Mobile system 380 115200 SGE00331; SGE00647

Chemical Precipitation Fountain Quail Water Management, LLC Rover Mobile system 1,100 10,000 SGE00415

Chemical Precipitation MI-SWACO Frac Water Reclamation System Mobile system NR 3,000 SGE00689

Chemical Precipitation AquaTech International Corporation MoTreat Mobile system Mobile unit 1,700 to 6,900 SGE00646

Crystallization INTEVRAS EVRASTM Semi-mobile 820 200–400

Uses waste heat from compressor stations or 

natural gas SGE00650; SGE00160; SGE00149

Crystallization Heartland Technology Partners, LLC LM-HT® Mobile or stationary NR

1,000 (mobile)

6,250 (stationary)

Uses waste heat from compressor stations or 

natural gas SGE00664

Crystallization Epiphany Solar Water Systems E3H Non-mobile NR, fits on well pad 10 - 100

Each unit is sized for one well and can be scaled 

up for a multi-well pad. Uses concentrated solar 

energy in lieu of fuel SGE00298.A21

Disinfection Halliburton CleanStream® Mobile system 382.5 169,920 Dimensions of CleanStream unit: 45 ft x 8.5 ft. SGE01058

Disinfection Atg UV Technology NA Mobile system NA 181,147 SGE01054

Disinfection Bosque Systems, LLC DIONIXTM Mobile system 30 foot trailer 720,000 SGE01036

Disinfection PureLine CG and Pure 3 Seriesc Mobile system 700 7,500

Dimensions of unit: 14 ft x 50 ft. only includes the 

primary treatment unit, not storage for 

wastewater, chemicals, or sludge (solid waste). SGE01046.A05

Disinfection Sabre Energy Services DiKlor® and CHEMGEN Stationary system NA 158,400 SGE01059

Disinfection Baker Hughes H2prO HD Mobile system NA 8,500 SGE00655

Electrocoagulation OriginOil EWSTM Petro P160 Mobile system

Fits into a 40 foot 

shipping container 7,200 SGE00671; SGE00672

Electrocoagulation Ecolotron, Inc. E-Floc© Mobile system 500 10,800 SGE00358

Electrocoagulation Water Tectonics/Halliburton CleanWaveTM Mobile system NR 28,800 SGE00638.A11; SGE00311.A1

Electrocoagulation Bosque Systems, LLC Mobile Water Recycler Mobile system 500 20,571 SGE00656

Electrocoagulation Baker Hughes H2proTM Mobile system Trailer mounted 8,500 SGE00655

Evaporation/Condensation 212 Resources Vacom Mobile or stationary 2,400 2,500–3,000 SGE00645; SGE00227; SGE00244

Evaporation/Condensation AquaTech International Corporation MoVap Mobile or stationary 424 1,000–1,700 SGE00646

Evaporation/Condensation Fountain Quail Water Management, LLC NOMAD Mobile or stationary 2,500 2,500

According to RSPEA, there are three NOMAD 

processing facilities that occupy 250’x250’ 

(surface footprint). SGE00415; SGE00648; SGE00674

Evaporation/Condensation GE Water & Process Technologies NR Mobile or stationary NR 1,715 SGE00674; SGE00227

Evaporation/Condensation Purestream AVARA Mobile or stationary Trailer mounted 1,000 - 2,500 SGE00674; SGE00625

Evaporation/Condensation Altela Inc. AltelaRainTM Mobile or stationary NR 100 - 600 SGE00682; SGE00110

Filtration FilterSure NR Mobile system Trailer mounted 5000 SGE00714

Gas Flotation Purestream IGF and IGF+ Mobile system Trailer mounted 2500 SGE00717

Ion Exchange Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies MODI Mobile system 365 Minimum: 20 m3/hr, Maximum: 100 m3/hr

Unit is mobile, meant to work in conjunction with 

MORO (RO Unit) SGE00264

Ion Exchange Drake Water Technologies Continuous selective ion exchange processMobile system 2 acres 10,000 Currently used in pilot-scale operations. SGE00264

Ion Exchange Eco-Tec Recoflo Mobile system NR 36,000 Currently used in pilot-scale operations. SGE00264

Reverse Osmosis GeoPure Hydrotechnologies NR NR NR 5,000 NR SGE00649

Reverse Osmosis M-I SWACO GPRI DesignsTM NR NR 5,000 NR SGE00651

Reverse Osmosis Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies OPUS TM mobile or stationary 650 (pilot units) 10000

The unit includes chemical softening, 

degasification, and media filtration

Company offers pilot units, 99.6% TDS removal 

with influent at 6,500 mg/L SGE00652; SGE00660

Reverse Osmosis Omni Water Solutions, Inc. HIPPO® Mobile NR 2, 500 - 10,000 Includes pretreatment SGE00670

Reverse Osmosis Siemens Water Technologies FracTreat Mobile NR NR Includes pretreatment SGE00161; SGE00108

Reverse Osmosis Ecosphere Technologies, Inc. Ozonix TM Mobile system 380 7,200 Includes AOP as pretreatment SGE00647; SGE00333

Page 1 of 1
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Energy Use in UOG Wastewater Applications for Various Treatment Technologies

Notes:

Abbreviations: AOP - Advanced oxidation precipitation; EC - Electrocoagulation; N/A - Not applicable; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids; mg/L - milligrams per liter; gpd - gallons per day; kWh - kilowatt-hour; bbl - barrel; MCF - million cubic feet

Sources: Noted in column M - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA's Unconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

Electrical Energy 

(kWh/bbl)

Fuel Energy 

(MCF/bbl)

Total 

(kWh/bbl)

AOP Hydrozonix, LLC Ozonix TM N/A N/A 115200 N/A N/A 0.08 to 0.15 N/A SGE00705

Crystallization INTEVRAS EVRASTM 

310,000–650,000 NR NR NR N/A 1.89 to 2.1 No recovery

Uses waste heat from compressor 

stations or runs on natural gas

SGE00160

Crystallization

Epiphany Solar Water 

Systems E3H Produced water TDS levels NR NR NR N/A NR NR Uses concentrated solar energy SGE00298.A21

Crystallization

Heartland Technology 

Partners, LLC LM-HT®

Produced water TDS levels NR NR NR N/A NR NR

Uses waste heat from compressor 

stations or runs on natural gas

SGE00664

Crystallization General General 250,000–300,000 NR NR 0.5 to 1.68 ~14 NR NR Assuming waste steam is available SGE00238

Crystallization General General >40,000 NR NR NR NR 4.2 to 10.5 NR None SGE00264

Electrocoagulation OriginOil® Clean-FracTM NR NR NR N/A N/A 0.84 NR Electricity SGE00672

Electrocoagulation

General General

40,000 NR NR

N/A N/A

> 0.25 NR

Electricity for EC operation only, 

may require additional energy for 

auxiliaries.

SGE00658

Evaporation/Condensation General General 110,000–130,000 NR NR NR NR 6.5 to 7.5 50 Wellhead gas generator SGE00238 Total (kWh/bbl): Converted from 6.5 - 7.5 kWh/bbl.

Evaporation/Condensation

Fountain Quail Water 

Management, LLC NOMAD

60,000–80,000 NR NR NR 0.07 4.6 60–90

50 kW generator (runs on natural 

gas directly from well head or 

electricity)

SGE00415; 

SGE00228

Total (kWh/bbl): Upper range calculated based on 

DCN SGE00415. 6.4 kWh/bbl of distillate with a 72.5% 

recovery converted to kWh/bbl of influent 

wastewater and to kWh/1,000 gallons to get 100 

kWh/kgal.

Evaporation/Condensation Altela Inc. AltelaRainTM

25,300–195,000 NR NR 2 to 2.5 5 to 10 NR 45–90

Electricity, natural gas, onsite waste 

heat, solar panels

SGE00110

Electrical Energy (kWh/bbl): Converted from kWh/bbl 

to kWh/kgal.

Fuel Energy (MCF/bbl): Converted from MCF/bbl to 

MCF/kgal.

Evaporation/Condensation

GE Water & Process 

Technologies NR <128,000 NR NR NR NR 2.1 to 2.9 60–95 Electricity or natural gas SGE00230; 

SGE00264

Evaporation/Condensation Purestream AVARA 20,000 – 40,000 NR NR 6 N/A 6 80 Electrical SGE00625

Evaporation/Condensation 212 Resources Vacom ~30,000 NR NR 1.3 NR 1.3 90 Electricity or wellhead natural gas SGE00264; 

SGE00227

Reverse Osmosis General

Mobile unit designed by 

Chevron, includes 

electrocoagulation for 

pretreatment

45,000 NR NR

N/A N/A

1 NR

SGE00658

Reverse Osmosis

Ecosphere 

Technologies, Inc.

Ozonix TM, includes AOP for 

pretreatment

13,800 NR NR N/A N/A 2.184 75

SGE00625

Reverse Osmosis General 

N/A, includes filtration for 

pretreatment

500–25,000 NR NR

N/A N/A

0.02 to 0.4 60–85 SGE00264; 

SGE00109

Total (kWh/bbl): For data from Asano (2007), 

converted 1.5 to 2.5 kWh/m3 to kWh/kgal.

1 cubic meter = 264 US gallons.

Reverse Osmosis General 

N/A, includes softening and 

filtration for pretreatment

20,000–47,000 NR NR

N/A N/A

0.5–1.6 30–60 SGE00264; 

SGE00109

Total (kWh/bbl): For data from Asano (2007), 

converted 5 to 10 kWh/m3 to kWh/kgal.

1 cubic meter = 264 US gallons.

Treatment Technology Vendor Technology Name/Description Influent TDS (mg/L) Notes

Effluent TDS 

(mg/L)

Design Capacity 

(gpd)

Energy Consumption

Water Recover 

(%) Power Source Reference

Page 1 of 1
SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Page 1 of 1

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Influent TDS Concentrations (mg/L)

Crystallization

Evaporation/Condensation

RO

Flowback

Long-term Produced Water