Office of Water

Estimated Per Capita Water

Ingestion and Body Weight in the

United States–An Update

Based on Data Collected by the United States Department of

Agriculture’s 1994–1996 and 1998 Continuing Survey of

Food Intakes by Individuals
Estimated Per Capita Water Ingestion and

Body Weight in the United States–An Update

Based on Data Collected by the United States Department of

Agriculture’s 1994–1996 and 1998 Continuing Survey of

Food Intakes by Individuals

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Water 

Office of Science and Technology

Washington, DC 20460

www.epa.gov/safewater/

EPA-822-R-00-001

 October, 2004

 
i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Science and Technology (OST), Office

of Water, developed and produced this report. Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)

provided statistical and technical support under EPA contract Nos. 68-C-99-233 and 68-C-02-009,

WA-1-46.

Dr. Henry D. Kahn, of the Statistical and Analytical Support Branch, Engineering and Analysis Division,

OST, and Dr. Julie Du, Senior Toxicologist, of the Health and Ecological Effects Division, OST, served

as the EPA Work Assignment Managers. Dr. Du and Dr. Kahn provided overall direction and

coordination of the report. Drs. Rita Schoeny and Amal Mahfouz of the Health and Ecological Effects

Division, OST reviewed drafts of the report and provided technical assistance.

Kathleen Stralka was the SAIC Work Assignment Manager and a principal author. Dung Bich Phan and

Jan Coulson of SAIC provided computer programming and graphic support. Kristen Knight performed

technical editing.

In addition, the authors are indebted to Annetta Cook, Food Technologist, the U. S. Department of

Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, for her time, advice and encouragement.

The authors are especially grateful to Helen Jacobs who, before her retirement in 2002, provided

exceptional leadership in the use of the CSFII data to develop previous reports on the consumption of

water and fish and who contributed significantly to the early work on this report. Without the tireless

efforts of Ms. Jacobs, this report would not have been possible.
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PREFACE

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) generated the estimates in this report

in response to legislative mandates in the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996. These

mandates require up-to-date information on water ingestion to identify subpopulations at elevated risk of

health effects from exposure to contaminants in drinking water. The estimates also support

characterization of health risks to sensitive populations from contaminants in drinking water. The

estimates in this document characterize the empirical distributions of 2-day average per capita ingestion

of water for specific subpopulations. Subpopulation estimates apply to demographic categories, but do

not distinguish individuals with a history of serious illness or with lifestyles that effect water ingestion.

Specifically, this report presents current estimates of per capita water ingestion generated from dietary

and demographic data collected in a survey conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture

(USDA) in 1994 through 1996 and 1998. In this survey, known as the Continuing Survey of Food

Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 2 nonconsecutive days of food ingestion data were collected from a

sample of more than 20,000 individuals in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Respondent

information, in conjunction with food code, recipe, and nutrient data from USDA, provide the means to

estimate per capita ingestion of plain drinking water (direct water) and water ingested indirectly. 

“Indirect water” is defined as water used in the final preparation of foods and beverages at home or by

food service establishments such as school cafeterias and restaurants. For this report, quantities of

ingested water reported in the CSFII 1994–1996 and 1998 were averaged by participant to generate a 2-

day average. These daily average ingestion amounts comprise the empirical distributions from which

mean and upper percentile per capita ingestion estimates were produced. Previously, a report based on

the 1994–1996 data was released in April 2000 (see http://www.epa.gov/ost/drinking/percapita//). 

Subsequently, additional data collected in 1998—comprised of responses for approximately 5,000

children aged 9 and younger—were made available. The availability of the additional data and the ability

to produce additional analyses not included in the previous report provided the impetus for the work

documented in this report. The CSFII survey, and consequently estimates reported in this document, extrapolate to the

population of the United States. The population per capita ingestion estimates are augmented with

estimates of per capita ingestion for various population subsets. These population subsets include (1)

gender and age categories and (2) pregnant, lactating, and childbearing-age women. Subpopulation

ingestion estimates support assessments of “at risk” populations.

Water ingestion rates for the overall population and for subpopulations have several important

applications within EPA. Information on water ingestion is used in risk assessment and regulations that

involve the use of default values (i.e., generally assumed amounts) for water ingestion and in the

estimation of risks to highly exposed and/or sensitive populations.

It is important to emphasize that risk is a function of both exposure and sensitivity. Sensitivity is

determined by genetics, developmental stage (old as well as young), lifestyle, and preexisting disease

conditions. With the exception of age, these other determinants of sensitivity are not addressed in this

report. 

Water ingestion estimates in this document support the evaluation and possible revision of the
iii

standard water ingestion quantities (default values) of 2 liters for a 70 kilogram average adult and 1 L for

a 10 kg child. These standard quantities are used by many agencies, including EPA and the World Health

Organization (WHO). The 2 L standard is supported by a 1989 National Cancer Institute report on tap

water consumption (Ershow and Cantor, 1989). Estimates of water ingested in this report differ from the

estimates reported by Ershow and Cantor for several reasons. Ershow and Cantor’s estimates are based

on data from the 1977–78 USDA National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) while the estimates

reported here are based on 1994–96 and 1998 data. Also, the 1989 report presents estimates of tap water

ingestion. Ershow and Cantor define tap water as “water from the household tap.” In this report, water

coming from the tap is distinguished by source. Sources of water coming from the tap may include:

community water, household well or cistern, a household or public spring, and other. Thus, estimates in

this report are expected to differ from those reported in 1989 because the estimates in this report

incorporate more recent ingestion data and thus reflect changes in ingestion behavior. Estimates also will

differ between the 1989 report and this report because the sources of water ingested are more definitive in

this report. A third way that the estimates in this report differ from those in the 1989 report is that the

1994–96 and 1998 data include water ingestion by pregnant and lactating women. Those women were

excluded from the 1989 report. To further address changes in water ingestion patterns, this report

provides separate estimates for community water, bottled water, and water from other sources.

This report consists of the following chapters: • Executive Summary, summarizes the most pertinent information contained in this report,

including the main features of the CSFII data collection and results from the analysis. • Chapter 1, Definitions, identifies water-related terms used in the report. Definitions distinguish

indirect water from direct water, and identify water sources. • Chapter 2, Sources of Data, describes the USDA surveys, summarizes the method of data

collection, and identifies the respondent data files and concomitant information files used to

establish the estimates. (Appendix D provides the details of the sample design.) • Chapter 3, Methods, presents the means of determining source and amount of direct water

ingested by survey respondents. Conventions for identifying and determining the amount of

water ingested indirectly through food preparations also are presented. Data convention

descriptions are followed by a summary of the statistical methods used for generating mean and

empirical percentile estimates and the size of the subpopulation to which the estimates are

applicable. (Appendix D records statistical estimation formulae.) • Chapter 4, Estimated Per Capita Water Ingestion by Broad Age Categories, provides an

overview of key daily water ingestion estimates for the following age categories: infants and

babies younger than 1 year of age, children between the ages of 1 and 10 years, adolescents aged

11 to 19 years, and adults aged 20 years and older. This chapter also records per capita water

ingestion estimates across all age categories. Results are augmented with graphical presentations

and numerous tables of the empirical distribution of estimated average daily per capita ingestion

of water. • Chapter 5, Estimates of Water Ingestion: Additional Results for Fine Age Categories, presents estimates and provides a narrative characterizing key daily water ingestion estimates for

age categories that are smaller in range than those reported in Chapter 4. Estimates for infants and
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babies are reported in two age categories: those younger than 6 months of age and those between

the ages of 6 months and 1 year. Ingestion estimates for children are presented for four age

categories: those younger than 2 years of age, children between the ages of 1 and 3 years,

children between the ages of 4 to 6, and children aged 7 to 10 years. Adolescent daily water

ingestion statistics are recorded for individuals aged 11 to 14 years and aged 15 to 19 years. 

Finally, adult ingestion estimates are recorded for individuals between the ages of 20 to 24 years,

25 to 54 years, 55 to 64 years and aged 65 and older. • Chapter 6, Additional Results: Women of Child Bearing Age, presents estimates of mean and

upper percentile daily average water ingestion for women between the ages of 15 and 44. 

Ingestion estimates are provided for nonpregnant and nonlactating women in that age category.

Specific estimates also are provided for pregnant women and lactating women. Tabulated

estimates from the 1994–96 and 1998 CSFII are juxtaposed to estimates for this cohort reported

by Burmaster in a 1998 issue of Risk Analysis. The chapter includes a comparison of CSFII

estimates to the results based on the 1978 National Food Consumption Survey reported by

Burmaster. • Chapter 7, Estimated Mean and Percentiles of Body Weight by Age and Gender, provides

current estimates from the distributions of body weights by age and gender. These body weight

estimates were generated from the 1994–96 and 1998 CSFII data, the same source of data used to

produce the water ingestion estimates included in this report. The use of the same survey data for

both the water ingestion estimates and body weight estimates establishes consistency between

results and comparability of estimates. • Chapter 8, Discussion, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the CSFII for estimating

per capita water ingestion in the United States. Sources of error, bias, and uncertainty are

defined, and conclusions are presented.

Material included in the appendices augment the data convention descriptions and methods described

in Chapters 2 and 3. Appendix E presents tabulated estimates of per capita water ingestion by water

source and subpopulation for all respondents and for “consumers only.”

• Appendix A, CSFII Survey Questions Pertaining to Water Ingestion, lists the household level

questions that are used to determine water source, individual-level questions that identify the

number of fluid ounces and source of directly ingested water, and food item questions for

determining foods with water added at home or by a food service facility. • Appendix B, Examples of Procedures Used in the Estimation of Indirect Water Ingestion, provides three sets of examples. For food codes that were prepared at home or by food service

establishments, Appendix B1 identifies how the proportion of indirect water in 100 grams of each

food was estimated and provides examples. Appendix B2 provides examples, supplied by USDA,

of how to estimate preparation water absorbed in foods such as cooked pasta, rice, cereal grains,

beans, and legumes. USDA guidance and examples for calculating the percent and amount of

moisture in 100 grams of food follow in Appendix B3. • Appendix C, 1994–96, and 1998 CSFII Food Codes, lists CSFII food codes at the three-digit

level and the assignments of percentage of indirect water and commercial water in Appendices C1

and C2, respectively. Commercially added waters are not included in the ingestion estimates
v

presented in this report. Appendices C3 and C4 list food codes and their corresponding proportions

of water in 100 grams of food. • Appendix D, Statistical Methods and Sample Design, provides the statistical formulae for

generating point and interval estimates about the mean and upper percentiles of the distribution of

2-day average per capita water ingestion. This appendix also provides the details of the sample

design. • Appendix E, Per Capita Water Ingestion Estimates, includes tabulated presentations of per

capita water ingestion estimates. All estimates are from empirical distributions of 2-day average

amounts of water ingested. This appendix presents tables for the entire population and for

individuals in specific subpopulations in four parts. Parts I and II record estimates of direct,

indirect, and both direct and indirect water ingestion for all individuals. Parts III and IV contain

water ingestion estimates for “consumers only.” These estimates include only individuals who

reported ingestion of the water under consideration. Therefore, these estimates do not include

individuals who reported zero amounts of water ingested from the water source under consideration. 

Biological and commercially added waters are not included in the amounts of indirect water

ingested. 

Five sets of estimates comprise each part of this appendix. The five sets differ by the source of

water ingested. These sources are community water, bottled water, water from other sources,

missing source, and all sources. Each part contains three tables of estimates for each water source. 

The tables report water ingestion estimates by gender and broad age category; fine age category;

and pregnant, lactating, and childbearing-age women. For each water source, ingestion estimates

contained in Parts I and Parts III are reported in units of milliliters per person per day. Units for

Parts II and IV are in milliliters per kilogram of body weight per day. • Appendix F, Final SAB Report and EPA Response, includes the results of a review of the July

1999 version of this report by the Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee (DWIS), a special

subcommittee of the EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB). EPA's response to this report also is

included. The 1999 draft report reviewed by the SAB contained methods and data from the 1994

through 1996 CSFII. EPA published the report in April 2000. Per capita estimates reported in the

current document augment the 1994 through 1996 estimates with data from the 1998 CSFII. The

methods and data conventions applied to generate the estimates in this December 2002 report are

identical to those reviewed by the SAB.
1

For the purpose of this report, indirect water does not include water found naturally in foods (biological water) and

water added by commercial food and beverage manufacturers (commercial water). 2References in this report to the ingestion of community water, bottled water, and other water refer to the ingestion of

the combined amount of direct and indirect community, bottled, or other water, respectively. 

vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 requires the U.S. EPA to conduct studies

characterizing health risk to sensitive populations and to identify subpopulations at elevated risk of health

effects from exposure to contaminants in drinking water. The process of establishing human risk requires

up-to-date information on water ingestion, and this report responds to that need. The objective of this

report is to provide current estimates of water ingestion for the population of the United States and

selected subpopulations. The subpopulations include gender and age categories, pregnant women,

lactating women and women of childbearing age. These ingestion estimates may be used in estimating

risk to human health from the ingestion of water that may be contaminated. Knowledge of water ingestion

is very important to the mission of the Office of Water, and credible national estimates of drinking water

ingestion are of great utility to many other EPA programs as well. 

The reported estimates were calculated using data from the combined 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1998

Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), conducted by the United States Department of

Agriculture (USDA). The CSFII is a complex, multistage area probability sample of the entire United

States, and is conducted to survey the food and beverage intake of the U.S. population. The CSFII

collected 2 nonconsecutive days of food ingestion data from a sample of more than 20,000 individuals. 

These daily average ingestion amounts comprise the empirical distributions from which mean and upper

percentile per capita ingestion estimates are produced. A previous report, based on the 1994–1996 data

was issued in April 2000 (see http://www.epa.gov/ost/drinking/percapita//). The USDA released

additional data collected in 1998 for approximately 5,000 children aged 9 and younger following

completion of the April 2000 report. Subequently, additional analyses that include the 1998 data were

performed and are documented in this report. 

 This report, like EPA’s 2000 edition, provides ingestion estimates of direct water, “indirect water” and

both direct and indirect water combined .1 Estimated amounts of water ingested by water source also are

provided. Sources include: community water, bottled water, other sources, and all of the abovementioned sources combined (total water).2

 “Other sources” include water from private household wells

and rain cisterns, and household and public springs. Additionally, the report provides estimates of water

ingestion for “all individuals and for “consumers only.” The estimates for all individuals are based on all

survey respondents in the population (or subpopulation) under consideration, including those who

reported no consumption of the water from the source under consideration during the 2 survey days. 

Because there are some people who did not ingest water during the 2-day survey (referred to as “zero”

consumers), especially the very young children, a separate group called “consumers only” was created. 

The estimates for “consumers only” are based on only those respondents in the population (or

subpopulation) of interest who reported ingestion of the water from the source under consideration during

the 2 survey days, and excludes the “zero” consumers. All estimates are provided in units of milliliters

per person per day (mL/person/day) and milliliters per kilogram of body weight per day (mL/kg/day).
vii

By incorporating the 1998 CSFII data, the sample for children younger than 11 years of age increased

from 4,339 to 9,643 children. In particular, the sample size for children younger than 1 year of age

increased from 359 to 1,486, while the sample size for children between the ages of 1 through 10 years of

age increased from 3,980 to 8,157 children. These increased sample sizes supported the generation of 

ingestion estimates for smaller (finer) age range categories. Chapter 5 in this report presents daily

average per capita ingestion estimates by fine age categories. In particular, this chapter now provides

water ingestion estimates for infants younger than 6 months of age and for children between the ages of 6

months to 1 year.

In addition to updating the daily average per capita water ingestion estimates listed in the April 2000

report, three new chapters of estimates have been added to this report. Chapter 5 presents estimates by

fine age categories. Chapter 6 provides estimates of water ingestion for women of childbearing age, from

15 to 44. Mean and upper percentile estimates of water ingestion are provided for nonpregnant and

nonlactating women in the age category, as well as for pregnant women and lactating women. Chapter 6

also compares the current water ingestion estimates generated from CSFII 1994–96 and 1998 data with

estimates published by Ershow et al. (1991). Finally, Chapter 7 presents estimates of body weight

distributions for the U.S. population and for selected subpopulations. The body weight estimates were

generated from the same CSFII data from which water ingestion estimates were produced. That is,

participants in the CSFII survey reported their body weight in addition to their food and beverage intake.

The results presented in this report may be used in risk assessment analyses where exposures that occur

through ingestion of water are of concern. The ingestion estimates presented provide the basis for

evaluation of the proportion of the population that may be affected under various exposure scenarios. 

On average, the estimated daily per capita ingestion of community water is 926 mL/person/day.

Considering water from all sources, the mean per capita daily average total water ingestion is 1.233 L.

The estimated 90th percentiles of the distributions of daily average per capita water ingestion by the U.S.

population are 2.014 L of community water and 2.341 L of water from all sources.

Two liters per person per day has been used as the default value for water ingestion by EPA, other

Federal agencies, and the WHO. Chapter 4 of this report shows that the estimated 90th percentile of

community water ingestion for the general population (males and females of all ages) is 2 L per day (2.1

L for males, and 1.9 L per day for females), and that the estimated 90th percentile of total water ingestion

is 2.3 L per day (2.5 L per day for males and 2.2 L per day for females). 

Chapter 4 of this report also shows that the estimated 85th percentile of community water ingestion for

males twenty years and older is 2 L per day. For males twenty and older, the estimated 76th percentile of

ingestion of water from all sources (total water) is 2 L per day. For women aged twenty and older, the

estimated 88th percentile of community water ingestion is 2 L per day while the estimated 82nd percentile

of total water for women twenty and older is 2 L per day. 

 Estimates of per capita water ingestion based on “consumers only” are higher than those based on all

individuals, because respondents reporting zero community water ingestion during the 2 survey days were

excluded from the analysis. For “consumers only,” the estimated mean per capita ingestion of community

water is 1.0 L/person/day and the 90th percentile ingestion estimate is 2.069 L. For “consumers only” the

estimated mean ingestion is 1.242 L/person/day of total water and the estimated 90th percentile of total

water ingestion is 2.345 L per day.

When viewed across genders and all age categories, the mean per capita total water ingestion is 1,233
viii

mL/person/day; 75 percent from community water, 13 percent from bottled water, 10 percent from other

sources (well, spring and cistern, etc.), and 2 percent from nonidentified sources.

The mean community and total water ingestion for males is statistically significantly higher than by

females in all age groups except for individuals younger than 1 year of age. The highest mean per capita

ingestion by males occurs in the 20 years and older group.

 Lactating women have the highest community water ingestion of any subpopulation identified in the

sample. Lactating women have an estimated mean 2-day average ingestion of 1.379 L and estimated

90th percentile of 2.872 L/day of community water (see Table 4.1.E). For lactating women, 2 L per day

corresponds to the estimated 67th percentile of community water ingestion and the estimated 62nd

percentile ingestion of water from all sources.

 Children younger than 1 year of age have an estimated mean ingestion of 327 mL of community

water per day and an estimated 90th percentile of 872 mL of community water per day. The estimated 95th

percentile of community water ingestion for children younger than 1 is 1.031 L per day. For total water,

children younger than 1 year of age have an estimated mean ingestion of 488 mL/person/day. “Consumers

only” children younger than 1 year old have an estimated mean ingestion of 502 mL of community

water/person/day. The estimated 90th percentile of community water ingestion for “consumers only”

children younger than 1 year of age is 976 mL/person/day. Thus, the standard 1 L ingestion rate used in

risk assessments for children weighing 10 kg is approximately equal to the 90th percentile of the

empirical distribution of community water ingestion for children younger than 1 year.

When considering water ingestion rates based on units of milliliters per kilogram of body weight per

day, the estimated rate for children younger than 6 months of age is the highest of any of the rates

estimated for the fine age categories. Estimated mean ingestion rates for babies younger than 6 months of

age are three to four times higher than the estimated mean ingestion rates of community and total water 

for the “all individuals” adult (20 years or older) population. For “consumers only,” the mean community

water ingestion estimate per kilogram of body weight for children younger than 6 months of age—95

mL/kg/day—is six times higher than that for “consumers only” adults (16 mL/kg/day). The estimated

mean ingestion rate of water from all sources (total water) for “consumers only” children younger than 6

months of age is five times higher than that for “consumers only” adults (see Table 5.2.A2). 

The CSFII surveys have advantages and limitations for estimating per capita water ingestion. The

primary advantage of the CSFII surveys is that they were designed and conducted by the USDA to

support unbiased estimation of food consumption across the population in the United States. One

limitation of the CSFII surveys is that individual food consumption data were collected for only 2

days—a brief period that does not necessarily depict “usual intake.” Usual dietary intake is defined as

“the long-run average of daily intakes by an individual.” Upper percentile estimates may differ for shortterm and long-term data because short-term food consumption data tend to be inherently more variable. It

is important to note, however, that variability due to duration of the survey does not result in bias of

estimates of overall mean consumption levels. A second limitation is that the multistage survey design

does not support interval estimates for many of the subpopulations reported in this document because of

sparse representation in the sample. Therefore, only mean and percentile estimates are reported for all

subpopulations considered here. The survey does support interval estimates for the U.S. population and

some large subpopulations that are presented in Chapter 4. A third limitation is that the survey design

does not support generating water consumption estimates for certain subpopulations of interest, including

Native Americans with traditional lifestyles, people who live in hot climates, people who consume large
ix

amounts of water because of physical activity, and people with medical conditions necessitating increased

water intake. While these individuals were participants in the survey, they are not present in sufficient

numbers to support separate water ingestion estimates. 
ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

LIST OF KEY TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

1. DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–1

2. USDA’s CSFII SURVEY DESCRIPTION AND FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–1

2.1 Survey Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–1

2.2 Dietary Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–2

2.3 Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–2

2.4 Survey Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–2

3. METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–1

3.1 Data Conventions Applied to the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–1

3.2 Statistical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4

3.3 Rounding Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–6

3.4 Units of Measure Including Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–6

3.5 Asterisked Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–6

4. ESTIMATED PER CAPITA WATER INGESTION BY BROAD AGE CATEGORIES . . . . . . . . 4–1

4.1 Estimated Per Capita Ingestion of Community Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–2

4.2 Estimates of Per Capita Community Water Ingestion By Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4

4.3 Per Capita Estimates of Community Water Ingestion By Children Younger Than One 

Year of Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4

4.4 Per Capita Ingestion of Community Water For Women in Childbearing Years . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5

4.5 Ingestion of Bottled Water and Water From Other Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–6

4.6 Estimated Per Capita Total Water Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–8

4.7 Estimates of the Percentage of Select “Consumers Only” Subpopulations Who Ingest 

Two Liters or Less Per Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–9

5. ESTIMATES OF WATER INGESTION: ADDITIONAL RESULTS FOR FINE AGE

CATEGORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–1

5.1 Estimated Per Capita Ingestion of Community Water By Age Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–1

5.2 Ingestion of Total Water (From All Sources) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–4

5.3 Water Ingestion Across Fine Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–8
ix

5.4 Gender Comparison of Community Water Ingestion For Fine Age Categories . . . . . . . . . . . 5–9

5.5 Gender Comparison of Total Water ( From all Sources) Ingestion For Fine Age 

Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–11

6. ADDITIONAL RESULTS FOR WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–1

6.1 Water Ingestion 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII For Women Aged 15–44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–1

6.2 Comparison of 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Per Capita Total Water Consumption 

Estimates to Published Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–12

7. DISTRIBUTION OF BODY WEIGHTS BY AGE AND GENDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–1

7.1 Mean and Upper Percentile Point and Interval Estimates By Age Category and Gender . . . 7–1

7.2 Percentile Estimates From the Empirical Distributions of Body Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–2

7.3 Body Weight Estimates From the National Center For Health Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–3

7.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–10

8. DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–1

8.1 Survey Strengths and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–1

8.2 Sources of Error, Bias, and Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–3

8.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–4

8.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–6

APPENDIX A: CSFII Survey Questions Pertaining to Water Ingestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A–1

APPENDIX B: Examples of Procedures Used in the Estimation of Indirect Water Ingestion . . . . . . B–1

APPENDIX C: 1994–1996, 1998 CSFII Food Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C–1

APPENDIX D: Statistical Methods and Sample Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D–1

APPENDIX E: Per Capita Water Ingestion Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E–1

APPENDIX E: SAB Report and EPA Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F–1
xii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

Chapter 3

3.1. Water Source Assignment for Direct Water Ingestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–7

3.2. Data Conventions for Direct Water Ingestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–8

3.3. Water Source Assignment for Indirect Water Ingestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–9

3.4. Data Conventions for Indirect Water Ingestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–10

Chapter 4

4.1. All Individuals

4.1.A. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Water Ingestion By Source (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–32

4.1.B1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–33

4.1.B2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–34

4.1.C1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect

Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . 4–35

4.1.C2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect

Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–36

4.1.D1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–37

4.1.D2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Age Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–38

4.1.D3. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . 4–39

4.1.D4. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–40

4.1.E. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age 

Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–41

4.1.F1. Cumulative Distribution of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Community Water

Ingestion (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–42

4.1.F2. Cumulative Distribution of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Total Water

Ingestion (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–43

4.1.G1. Histogram of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–44

4.1.G2. Histogram of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Total Water Ingestion

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–45

4.2. Consumers Only

4.2.A. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Total Water Ingestion By Source (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–46
xiii

4.2.B1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–47

4.2.B2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–48

4.2.C1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect

Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . 4–49

4.2.C2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect

Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–50

4.2.D1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–51

4.2.D2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Age Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–52

4.2.D3 Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . 4–53

4.2.D4. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–54

4.2.E1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age 

Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–55

4.2.E2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and Indirect

Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age 

Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–56

4.2.F. Cumulative Distribution of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Total and Community Water

Ingestion (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–57

4.2.G1. Histogram of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–58

4.2.G2. Histogram of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Total Water Ingestion

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–59

4.3.A. Cumulative Distribution of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion 

(L/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–60

4.3.B. Cumulative Distribution of Per Capita Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

(L/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–61

Chapter 5 5.1. All Individuals

5.1.A1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . 5–38

5.1.A2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–39

5.1.B1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . 5–40

5.1.B2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . 5–41

5.2. Consumers Only
xiv

5.2.A1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . 5–42

5.2.A2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–43

5.2.B1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . 5–44

5.2.B2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and 

Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . 5–45

Chapter 6

6.1. All Women in Childbearing Years 

6.1.A1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age Women

Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–18

6.1.A2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect

Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age Women

Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–19

6.1.B1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and Indirect

Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age Women Categories

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–20

6.1.B2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and Indirect 

Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age Women Categories

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–21

6.2. Consumer Only Women in Childbearing Years 

6.2.A1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect 

Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age Women

Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–22

6.2.A2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Direct and Indirect

Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age Women

Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–23

6.2.B1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and Indirect

Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age Women Categories

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–24

6.2.B2. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around the Mean Total Direct and Indirect 

Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating and Childbearing Age Women Categories

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–25

6.2.C1. Cumulative Distributions of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

(mL/person/day)

a. Pregnant Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–26

b. Lactating Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–27

c. Nonpregnant and Nonlactating Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–28

 6.2.C2. Cumulative Distributions of Per Capita Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion (mL/kg/day)

a. Pregnant Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–29

b. Lactating Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–30

c. Nonpregnant and Nonlactating Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–31
xv

Chapter 7

7.1. All Individuals

7.1. Estimated Mean and 90% Confidence Intervals Around Mean Body Weight (kg) By

Gender, Fine Age, and Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women 

Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–9
xvi

LIST OF KEY TABLES

Table Page

Chapter 2

2.1. CSFII Response Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–2

Chapter 4

4.1. All Individuals

4.1.A. Estimated Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Source (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . 4–11

4.1.B1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–12

4.1.B2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–13

4.1.C1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Gender and 

Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–14

4.1.C2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Gender and 

Age Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–15

4.1.D1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–16

4.1.D2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–17

4.1.D3. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories 

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–18

4.1.D4. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–19

4.1.E. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, 

Lactating and Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–20

4.2. Consumers Only

4.2.A. Estimated Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Source (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . 4–21

4.2.B1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–22

4.2.B2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–23

4.1.C1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Gender and 

Age Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–24

4.1.C2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Gender and 

Age Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–25

4.2.D1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–26

4.2.D2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–27

4.2.D3. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories 

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–28

4.2.D4. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–29
xvii

4.2.E1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, 

Lactating and Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–30

4.2.E2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Pregnant, 

Lactating and Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–31

4.3. Estimated Percentage of Individuals From Selected Subpopulations Who Ingest a Mean

Daily Average of 2 Liters or Less of Direct and Indirect Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–10

Chapter 5 5.1. All Individuals

5.1.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age

Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–14

5.1.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age

Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–17

5.1.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–20

5.1.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–23

5.2. Consumers Only

5.2.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age

Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–26

5.2.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age

Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–29

5.2.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–32

5.2.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Gender and Fine Age Categories 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–35

Chapter 6

6.1. All Individuals

6.1.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating, and

Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–4

6.1.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating, and

Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–5

6.1.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating, and

Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–6

6.1.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating, and

Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–7

6.2. Consumers Only

6.2.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating, and

Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–8

6.2.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating, and

Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–9

6.2.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating, and

Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–10

6.2.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion By Pregnant, Lactating, and
xviii

Childbearing Age Women Categories (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–11

6.3.A1. Per Capita Water Consumption—Nonpregnant and Nonlactating Women 

(mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–15

6.3.A2. Per Capita Water Consumption—Nonpregnant and Nonlactating Women 

(mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–15

6.3.B1. Per Capita Water Consumption—Pregnant Women (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–16

6.3.B2. Per Capita Water Consumption—Pregnant Women (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–16

6.3.C1. Per Capita Water Consumption—Lactating Women (mL/person/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–17

6.3.C2. Per Capita Water Consumption—Lactating Women (mL/kg/day) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–17

Chapter 7

7.1. All Individuals

7.1. Estimated Body Weight

By Gender and Fine Age Categories (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–4

7.2. Estimated Distribution of Body Weight

By Gender and Fine Age Categories (kg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–7
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1-1

1. DEFINITIONS

Biological Water is water found naturally in foods. This water source is not included in the estimates

presented in this document.

Bottled Water is purchased plain water.

Broad Age Categories cover babies (less than 1 year old), children (1 to 10 years old), adolescents (11 to

19 years old), adults (20 years and older).

Commercial Water is water added by the manufacturer prior to merchandising. This water is not

included in the estimates presented in this document. An example of commercial water is water added to

bottled iced tea by the manufacturer. 

Community Water is tap water from the community water supply.

Consumers are individuals who reported ingestion of the water source under consideration. Individuals

with reported ingestions of zero are not considered consumers. 

CSFII is the acronym for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Continuing Survey of

Food Intakes by Individuals.

Direct Water is plain water ingested directly as a beverage. 

Fine Age Categories include 11 age groupings. These groupings are less than six months (<0.5 years),

between six months and one year (0.5 to 0.9 years), 1 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, 7 to 10 years, 11 to 14

years, 15 to 19 years, 20 to 24 years, 25 to 54 years, 55 to 64 years, and 65 and older.

Food Code is an 8-digit number assigned to each unique food in the USDA Food Coding Database. 

Food Coding Database is a database in the USDA CSFII 1994–1996 and 1998 Technical Support Files

that contains information used to code foods and amounts, including descriptions of the food code.

Indirect Water is water added to foods and beverages during final preparation at home, or by food

service establishments such as school cafeterias and restaurants. An example of indirect water is water

added to dry cake mix. 

Missing Water Source indicates that a survey participant responded “don’t know” or “not ascertained” to

the survey question regarding the source of water.

Nutrient Database is a database in the USDA 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Technical Support Files that

contains nutrient composition information (including grams of water per 100 grams of food) used to

calculate the nutrient value of foods ingested in the CSFII. 

Other Water is water obtained from one of the following sources: a well or rain cistern (household’s),

spring (household’s or public), or other source.
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Preparation Water is water used to prepare foods. Preparation water includes the water used to prepare

foods at home and by local food service establishments (indirect water), as well as, water added by

commercial food manufacturers. 

Recipe Database is a database in the USDA 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Technical Support Files that

provides, for each food code, a standard recipe including the gram weight of every ingredient. 

Technical Support Files consist of four USDA technical databases used to code food data collected in

the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII. They are the Food Coding Database, the Nutrient Database, the Recipe

Database, and the Pyramid Servings Database.

Total Water is the sum of direct and indirect water from all sources. Water sources include community

water, bottled water, other water and missing sources. 
2-1

2. USDA’s CSFII SURVEY DESCRIPTION AND

FILES

The chapter presents a brief description of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

1994, 1995, 1996, and 1998 series of the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII). 

Section 2.1 provides a description of the surveys, and Section 2.2 describes the process used to collect the

dietary recall information. Files from which data were drawn to produce the estimates in this report are

listed in Section 2.3. Section 2.4 presents a brief discussion about survey weights and their use. The

details of the sample design and resulting survey weights are provided in Appendix D. 

2.1 Survey Description

The CSFII, conducted by the USDA, collects dietary intake information from nationally

representative samples of noninstitutionalized people residing in United States households. Households

in these national surveys are sampled from the 50 states and Washington, D.C. Each survey collects daily

consumption records for approximately 10,000 food codes across nine food groups. The food groups are:

milk and milk products; meat, poultry, and fish; eggs; dry beans, peas, legumes, nuts, and seeds; grain

products; fruit; vegetables; fats, oils, and salad dressings; and sweets, sugars, and beverages. Data

provide “up-to-date information on food intakes by Americans for use in policy formation, regulation,

program planning and evaluation, education, and research.” The survey is “the cornerstone of the

National Nutritional Monitoring and Related Research Program, a set of related federal activities intended

to provide regular information on the nutritional status of the United States population” (1994–96 CSFII

survey documentation, p. 2–3).

The 1994–1996 and 1998 series of the CSFII were conducted according to a stratified, multiarea

probability sample organized using estimates of the 1990 United States population. Stratification

accounted for geographic location, degree of urbanization, and socioeconomics. Each year of the survey

consisted of one sample with oversampling for low-income households. Eligibility for the low-income

sample was limited to households with gross incomes at or below 130 percent of the federal poverty

guidelines (DHHS 1996). The sample design aimed at specified precision levels for estimates of mean 1-

day consumption of saturated fat and iron.

Two days of dietary recall data were provided by 20,607 individuals across the 4 survey years. This

constitutes an overall 2-day response rate of 77.4 percent. Response rates for each survey year are

provided in Table 2.1. Survey weights were corrected by the USDA for nonresponse.
2-2

Table 2.1. CSFII Response Rates

YEAR

TOTAL ELIGIBLE

INDIVIDUALS SAMPLED

NUMBER WITH 

2–DAY RESPONSE

(2–DAY) 

RESPONSE RATE

1994 6,973 5,311 76.2%

1995 6,664 5,072 76.1%

1996 6,484 4,920 75.9%

1998 6,491 5,304 81.7%

2.2 Dietary Records

Survey participants provided 2 nonconsecutive, 24-hour days of dietary data. For both days, dietary

recall information was collected by an in-home interviewer. Interviewers provided participants with an

instructional booklet and standard measuring cups and spoons to assist them in adequately describing the

type and amount of food ingested. If the respondent referred to a cup or bowl in their own home, a 2-cup

measuring cup was provided to aid in the calculation of the amount consumed. The sample person could

fill their own bowl or cup with water to represent the amount eaten or drunk, and the interviewer could

then measure the amount consumed by pouring it into the 2-cup measure. The Day 2 interview occurred

3 to 10 days after the Day 1 interview, but not on the same day of the week. The interviews allowed

participants “multiple passes” through the daily intake record to maximize recall (CSFII survey

documentation, p. 3–7). Proxy interviews were conducted for children aged six and younger and sampled

individuals unable to report due to mental or physical limitations. The average questionnaire

administration time for Day 1 intake was 30 minutes, while Day 2 averaged 27 minutes.

2.3 Data Files

The USDA recorded 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII participant information in three record types. Data

extracted from these record types provided the information used to determine the amount and source of

commodities ingested by participants. These data are publicly available on CD-ROM (see Section 5.4

References), and the three CSFII record types used for this report are described here. Record type 15

(RT15) reports household information. Generally the source of water is determined from these records. 

Record type 25 (RT25) records individual information. This is where the amount of direct water ingested

is recorded. Record type 30 (RT30) records food items ingested on each of the 2 survey days by each

individual. The amount of indirect water ingested can be calculated from these records in conjunction

with the CSFII 1994–96 and 1998 Technical Support Files including the food coding, recipe, and nutrient

databases. Refer to Appendix A for the CSFII questions related to the amount of water ingested and the

source of the water. Chapter 3 details how these record types were combined to establish a working

database of individual records with the amount, source, and type of ingestion (direct or indirect). 

2.4 Survey Weights

USDA files provide a survey weight for each individual with 2 days of consumption data in the

1994–1996 and 1998 survey. These weights account for the probability that the individual was selected

and contain adjustments for nonrespondents. The recorded weights also reflect USDA’s calibration to

ensure that the sample is representative of population characteristics during the 3 years of the survey. 
2-3

Survey weights were applied during the generation of ingestion estimates recorded in this report. These

weights project data from an individual to the population. Appendix D provides a more detailed

discussion of the development and application of the 3-year, 2-day survey weights.
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3-1

3. METHODS

This chapter addresses the methods employed to produce the reported daily average per capita water

ingestion estimates by source and type of ingestion. Section 3.1 defines the data conventions applied to

the CSFII data to establish water ingestion records for each respondent with 2 days of consumption data. 

These conventions include identification of the records from CSFII used to determine the source and

amount of directly ingested waters. We also describe CSFII auxiliary files and how they were used to

quantify the amount of indirect water ingested by a survey participant. Section 3.2 summarizes the

statistical methods used to estimate the mean and percentiles of the empirical distributions of daily

average per capita water ingestion. Appendix D provides the statistical formulae used to calculate these

estimates. Rounding procedures and units of measurement are recorded in Sections 3.3 and 3.4,

respectively. Section 3.5 provides the minimum sample size requirements used to identify potentially

unreliable estimates. 

3.1 Data Conventions Applied to the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Data

A series of CSFII records were used to define the source and type of water ingested by a survey

respondent. Analysts drew from household records and individual records to define the amount and

source of plain water ingested as a beverage. The source and amount of indirect water ingestion was

determined using the household and individual records in conjunction with the 1994–1996 and 1998

CSFII Technical Support Files including the food coding, recipe and nutrient databases. All CSFII data

used are publicly available on CD-ROM (see Section 5.4 References). The following paragraphs describe

the protocols followed for assigning the source and quantifying the amount of the daily average water

ingested by each respondent with 2 days of consumption records. 

CSFII record type 15 (RT15) reports household information. The source of water ingested is

generally assigned from these records. Record type 25 (RT25) records the amount of direct water

ingested. Record type 30 (RT30) reports food items ingested on each of the 2 survey days by every

individual. The amount of indirect water ingested by each participant was calculated from food code

records in conjunction with the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Technical Support Files. The remainder of

this chapter provides a more detailed description of how information was drawn from these three sets of

records to determine the average daily water ingestion for each survey participant. The data conventions

are described first, followed by a flow chart. As a point of reference, Appendix A contains all CSFII

questions related to the amount of water ingested and the source of the water.

Water ingestion listed as “direct” is defined as plain water directly ingested by an individual. The

amount of water ingested is recorded in CSFII RT25, variables D1_H2O_O and D2_H2O_O. The

number following the letter D in these variables indicates the day of the survey to which the consumption

corresponds. In those two variables, the amount of direct water ingested by participants is recorded in

fluid ounces (fl oz). This amount was converted to milliliters by multiplying the amount in fluid ounces

by the conversion factor of 29.574 mL/fl oz.

Respondents to the question “How many fluid ounces of plain drinking water did you consume?”

(D1_H2O_O) are directed to the companion RT25 variables D1_H2O_H and D1_H2O_A. A similar set

of variables records information for D2_H2O_O. The variable with the suffix “H” asks the respondent

how much of this water was ingested at home. The choice of responses is: “all,” “most,” “some,” “none,”
3-2

“don’t know,” and “not ascertained.” The variable D1_H2O_A asks for the source of plain drinking

water that did not come from the home. The choice of responses is: “tap/fountain,” “bottled,” “other,”

“don’t know,” and “not ascertained.” If an individual answers with either of the last two responses, the

source of that water is considered “missing.”

Because the amount of plain, noncarbonated water ingested by an individual as recorded in the RT25

files does not completely designate the source of the water, RT15 household records were consulted. The

RT15 variable, H2O_DRNK, records source information for the household. For this variable, the

following conventions were applied to assign source.

If H2O_DRNK is valued as: • 1, then the water source was a community water supply

• 2, then the water source was a household well or rain cistern

• 3, then the water source was a household or public spring

• 4, then the water source was considered bottled water (purchased) • 96, it is defined explicitly as “other” and considered to be “other” water sources.

All remaining values of the associated variable, which include 98 for “don’t know” and 99 for “not

ascertained,” are considered missing water sources.

To determine source for direct water ingestion (D1_H2O_O), if RT25 variable D1_H2O_H is

valued as: • 1, designating “all,” then the source was derived from RT15 variable H2O_DRNK. • 2, designating “most,” then 75 percent of the water ingested was allocated according to the RT15

variable H2O_DRNK and 25 percent according to the response to RT25 variable D1_H2O_A. • 3, designating “some,” then 25 percent was allocated according to the RT15 variable H2O_DRNK

and 75 percent according to the response to RT25 variable D1_H2O_A. • 4, designating “none,” then the source was derived from RT25 variable D1_H2O_A. • 8 or 9, designating “don’t know” or “not ascertained,” respectively, then 50 percent was allocated

according to the RT15 variable H2O_DRNK and 50 percent according to the response to RT25

variable D1_H2O_A. 

Indirect water is defined as water added to foods and beverages during final preparation at home or by

local food service establishments, such as school cafeterias and restaurants. Excluded from indirect water

are biological water and water added by the manufacturer during processing; for example, an apple

contains biological water, and canned ready-to-serve soup contains water added by the manufacturer. The

1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Food Coding Database contains 11,345 food codes. The food code

descriptions contained in USDA's Food Coding Database generally do not indicate where the food was

prepared. Therefore, in order to identify indirect water ingestion, the food code description,

corresponding recipe, and in some instances, nutrient composition information associated with each of the

food codes reported as ingested for the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII were reviewed. In order to reflect the

composition of the recipes at the time participants were surveyed, the 1994–1996 CSFII Recipe Database

was used for individuals sampled in 1994, 1995, and 1996, and the 1994–1996, 1998 CSFII Recipe

Database was used for individuals sampled in 1998. A subset of those food codes that contained

preparation water was created. A food code was considered to contain preparation water if the food code

recipe contained one of the following ingredients: water; an ingredient that had its own recipe that
3-3

contained water; brewed coffee or tea; and precooked pasta, rice, cereals, beans, or legumes. The subset

of codes that contained preparation water consisted of 7,560 food codes in the 1994–1996 database and

8,235 food codes in the 1994–1996 and 1998 database. The food codes in this subset were then reviewed

to identify and exclude those which appeared to be commercial products (such as yogurt, frozen milk

desserts, frozen entrees, ready-to-serve soups, ready-to-serve fruitades and drinks, all soft drinks, and

other food codes with descriptions identifying brand names). This resulted in a smaller subset of 2,294

food codes for 1994–96 and 1,476 food codes for 1998 which were assumed to contain indirect water. 

Next, the foods that could reasonably be assumed to have been prepared in final form in the home or by a

food service establishment were identified (e.g., foods described as “made from home recipe,” orange

juice made from concentrate, infant formula made from concentrate, and canned soup with water added). 

It was assumed that the recipe water in such foods was 100 percent indirect. For some foods, both

homemade and commercially prepared varieties were identified under one food code. For these food

codes, a “best guess” estimate was made as to the proportion which would have been home-prepared

versus commercially processed. For example, it was estimated that 50 percent of pre-cooked beans to be

home-prepared and 50 percent to be commercially canned. These allocations are documented in

Appendix C1.

When a respondent supplied specific information about ingredients that differed from the standard

recipe maintained in the Food Coding Database, this modification was recorded. This flexibility allowed

the database to capture the specific type of fat, type of milk, and dilution of foods. For example, if the

standard recipe in the Food Coding Database for an infant formula prepared from liquid concentrate calls

for a specified amount of water to be added and a respondent reported making the formula with 3 times

that amount of water, a recipe modification would be created to allow for this deviation from the standard

recipe.

Appendix B1 contains examples for estimating the proportion of indirect water in 100 grams of a

food. The ingredient amount as a percent of the prepared product (P%) was calculated for each ingredient

of each recipe that contains indirect water using the method provided in USDA guidance examples. 

Appendix B3 contains these guidance documents. The grams absorbed moisture per 100 grams cooked

ingredient (G_am) were calculated for pre-cooked pasta, rice, cereals, beans, and legumes using the total

solids method provided by the USDA (see Appendix B2).

Next, the proportion of moisture in 100 grams of food as ingested (P_m) was found in the data. 

When available, these values were taken from a file (WTR_FC.TXT) provided by the USDA. The

WTR_FC.TXT file contains the amounts of water in 100 grams of the CSFII 1994–96, and 1998 foods. 

These amounts represent both water from survey recipes as well as from ingredients (referred to as PDS

ingredients) used in the survey recipes. Adjustments were made by USDA for any moisture and fat

losses/gains associated with the recipe in which the PDS codes with water appear. For those recipe

ingredients not available in WTR_FC.TXT, the values were calculated as follows:

P_m = (P%)(G_am/100), for pre-cooked pasta, rice, cereals, beans, and legumes

P_m = P%, for water, brewed coffee and tea, and PDS–coded ingredients

Then the proportion of indirect preparation water per 100 grams of food (G_i) was calculated for each

ingredient. This was done by multiplying the proportion of moisture in 100 grams of a food as ingested

(P_m) by the percentage of that ingredient assumed to be prepared at home or by a food service

establishment, and dividing by 100. (See Appendix B1 for examples of these calculations.)
3-4

For recipes with indirect water, the ratio of the amount of water to the total grams in the recipe was

derived by summing the values of G_i across all ingredients in the recipe. This water ratio was then

multiplied by the amount of the given food ingested by the respondent to determine the number of grams

of indirect water. Under the assumption that the density of this water is 1, the number of grams of

indirect water ingested from foods or beverages was converted to milliliters.

To assign the source of indirect water, several variables were consulted. First, if the RT30 variable

FOODSRCE indicated that the source was >1, then the source was assumed to be tap water. If

FOODSRCE=1, indicating that the food items were obtained from the store, then it was assumed the

recipe was prepared at home. In this case, RT15 variables H2O_COOK or H2O_BEVR were consulted. 

If the first three digits of the food code indicated that the ingested food was a beverage, then the water

source was assigned to the record based on the response to H2O_BEVR. This question asked, “What is

the main source of the water used in your home for preparing beverages such as coffee, tea, juices, and

baby formula?” The same source allocations in the RT15 variable H2O_DRNK were applied to these

records. Likewise, if the first three digits of the food code indicated that the food code was not a

beverage, then the source was assigned according to the response to H2O_COOK, which asked, “What is

the main source of the water used for cooking in your home?”

Figures 3.1 through 3.4 present flow charts depicting the data conventions for the assignment of water

source.

For each of the 20,607 respondents with 2 days of records in the CSFII databases, a daily average

ingestion value was determined for each water source and ingestion type (direct, indirect, and both direct

and indirect). For subpopulation estimates, if a respondent was a member of the subpopulation but did

not report ingestion of the specified water source and ingestion type, then that individual’s average daily

amount of water ingested entered the estimation algorithms as zero. These estimates are provided in the

tables of this report identified as “all individuals.”

Ingestion (direct, indirect, and both direct and indirect) also was estimated for consumers with 2 days

of records in the CSFII databases. Hence, these estimates do not include individuals who reported zero

amounts of water ingested from the water source under consideration. These estimates are provided in the

tables of this report identified as "Consumer Only."

The convention described in the preceding paragraphs produces individual daily averages in

milliliters per person per day. If estimates are required on the milliliters per kilogram body weight per

day basis, then the individual’s daily average is divided by the individual’s body weight in kilograms. 

The milliliters/kilogram body weight daily average for each individual then entered the estimating

algorithm described in Section 3.2 and Appendix D, as did the milliliter daily averages.

Internal quality assurance and quality control procedures were used during the calculation of

estimates for this report. Algorithm testing was conducted for data procedures. Data subsetting

procedures were assessed for quality by intermediate estimates verification. Final tabulated estimates

were reviewed for consistency and validity. USDA experts were consulted on data assumptions. 

3.2 Statistical Methods

This section summarizes the statistical methods used to generate point and interval estimates of daily

average per capita water ingestion. Point estimates include the mean and 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th,

90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles. Mean estimates were generated using ratio estimation techniques. The
3-5

mean daily average per capita ingestion for a given commodity type was estimated as the ratio of total

ingestion by the United States population or subpopulation, divided by the estimate of the total number of

individuals in the population or subpopulation. Empirical percentiles were estimated using nonparametric

techniques. All estimates incorporated CSFII survey weights to project a sampled individual’s ingestion

to the population.

The majority of the per capita water ingestion estimates in this report are presented for specific

subpopulations and water source. The design of the CSFII survey did not always support estimation of

the variance when subpopulations were evaluated. Without a variance estimate, confidence intervals

about the mean or bootstrap intervals about percentile estimates cannot be produced. Therefore, the

tabulated presentations in Appendix E include only point estimates. However, the survey did support

variance, and thus interval estimation, for some subpopulations. These estimates are presented in the key

figures of Chapter 4 augmenting tabulated estimates for the all individuals. 

When a variance was estimated for the mean per capita ingestion, we estimated the variance of the

mean using a Taylor series approximation of the deviation of estimates from their expected values. The

Taylor series approximations were applied to ultimate clusters, which resulted in an overall estimate of

the variance instead of estimating variance components due to sample-design stages. Appendix D

presents the statistical formulae for generating both the mean estimate and the estimate of the confidence

interval about the mean. Also provided is the method for generating percentile estimates and estimates of

90 percent bootstrap intervals about the percentile estimates.

All of the CSFII surveys are multistage, stratified-cluster samples. Sample weights, which project the

data from a sampled individual to the population, are based on the probability of an individual being

sampled at each stage of the sampling design. As mentioned in Chapter 2 of this report, the sample

weights associated with each individual reporting 2 days of consumption data were adjusted to correct for

nonresponse bias. These adjusted sample weights, which are recorded in the CSFII data in the variable

SAM_WT, record the number of individuals the sampled person represents in the population. For

example, a sample weight valued as 22 projects the data from the individual with that sample weight to 22

individuals in the population of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia.

Because the sample design contains multiple levels, specific information is necessary to partition the

variance-of-the-mean estimate into components. That is, specification of the sample size and population

size within each level of sampling is required. However, this information is not inherent in the CSFII

data. Rather, the CSFII reports an adjusted sample weight for each individual who reported 2

nonconsecutive days of consumption data during the survey. Given that only the adjusted weight was

available, and not the specific sample and population size in each phase, it was necessary to estimate the

mean using ratio estimation techniques and the variance of the mean using the ultimate cluster

methodology, which does not partition the variance into sample design components (see Appendix D).

Interval estimates for percentiles are bootstrap intervals. The reported bootstrap intervals do not

result from direct estimates of the standard deviation of the point estimate. Rather, the bootstrap estimates

result from the percentile method, which estimates the lower and upper bounds for the interval estimate

by the 100 percentile and 100(1– ) percentile estimates from the nonparametric distribution of the

given point estimate. This distribution of the observed values of the given point estimate is determined

from repeated resampling of the empirical data (see Appendix D). 
3-6

3.3 Rounding Procedures

Tabulated estimates of per capita ingestion in milliliters were rounded to the nearest whole number. 

Conventional rounding procedures were applied such that the whole number remained the same if

decimal estimates were less than 0.5 and increased by one if the decimal estimate was 0.5 or greater. 

Whole number presentations do not reflect significant digits as the number of significant digits, is not

available for the CSFII.

3.4 Units of Measure Including Conversion Factors

Per capita water ingestion estimates are presented in this report in units of mL/person/day or

mL/kg/day. The mL/person/day component reflects that estimates are based on an average of 2 days of

ingestion. When the units are mL/kg/day, the average water ingestion over 2 days by an individual is

divided by the individual's body weight. Body weight is recorded in the CSFII in pounds (lb). These

pounds were converted to kilograms by multiplying the reported body weight by a factor of 0.454 kg/lb.

Survey participants reported the amount of plain water ingested directly as a beverage in fluid ounces. 

Reported ingestion amounts were multiplied by 29.574 to convert fluid ounces to milliliters. Water

ingested indirectly from foods with water added at home or locally during the final stage of preparation

was estimated in grams as food consumption, and recipe amounts were reported in the CSFII in grams. 

These grams of water were converted into milliliters based on the assumption that the specific gravity of

water is one for the temperature range of ingested foods.

3.5 Asterisked Estimates

Some estimates recorded in Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 are marked with an asterisk. The asterisk indicates

that the reported estimate was calculated using the available data but that the number of respondents in

the age category was “small.” Estimates based on a small number of respondents may be less reliable 

statistically than estimates based on larger numbers of respondents. The “Third Report on Nutrition

Monitoring in the United States” suggests minimal reporting requirements (LSRO 1995). If the number

of respondents in the age category is less than 30*(variance inflation factor), the estimate of the mean

water ingestion may be unreliable and is marked with an asterisk. If the value of the calculation (number

of respondents in the age category)*(1–percentile) is less than 8*(variance inflation factor), then the

percentile estimate may be unreliable and is marked with an asterisk. The variance inflation factor (VIF)

is sample design specific. The VIF is quantified as the ratio of the mean of the squared survey weights to

the square of the mean of the survey weights. For the combined CSFII data, the VIF is 2.50. This VIF

measures the increase in variance of estimates from the CSFII because of differing sample sizes in the

different strata of the survey design (CSFII survey documentation, p. 5–4). In accordance with the

LSRO-suggested minimum reporting requirements, mean ingestions estimated for age categories with less

than 75 respondents are marked with an asterisk. Similarly, percentiles estimated for age categories with

less than 20/(1–percentile) respondents are marked with an asterisk and may be statistically unreliable.
Figure 3.1. Water Source Assignment for Direct Water Ing

Water Ingested

At Home:

RT15->H2O_DRNK

What is the main source of drinking

water in your home?

Direct Community

Water

Direct Bottled

Water

Direct O

Sourc

Yes

=01

Community water

supply

Yes

=04

Bottled water

(purchased)

Yes

=02 (well 

cister

03 (sprin

96 (oth

No No 

Water is allocated to: 3-

7

Water Ingested Away

From Home:

RT25->D1_H2O_A

(RT25->D2_H2O_A for Day 2)

What was the main source of plain 

drinking water that did not come from

your home?

Direct Community

Water

Direct Bottled

Water

Direct O

Sourc

Yes

= 1

Tap water /

drinking fountain

Yes

= 2

Bottled water

Yes

= 6

Othe

No No 

Water is allocated to:
RT25->D1_H2O_O Figure 3.2. Data Conventions for Direct Water Ingesti

How many fluid ounces of water

ingested – day 1?

(RT25->D2_H2O_O for day 2)

Assign water source based on

RT15->H2O_DRNK.

See “Water Ingested At Home” on

previous page.

Yes

=0

No

Refer to RT25->D1

_

H2O_H

(RT25->D2_H2O_H for day 2)

How much of this plain drinking

water came from your home?

3-8

=2

Most

=1

All

=3

Some

N

100% of water amount

D1_H2O_O was ingested at

home. Assign water source

based on

RT15->H2O_DRNK.

See “Water Ingested At Home”

on previous page.

Yes

100% of w

D1_H2O_O 

away from h

water sour

RT25->D

See “Water 

From Home” o

Y

75% of water amount

D1_H2O_O was ingested at

home. Assign water source

based on

RT15->H2O_DRNK.

See “Water Ingested At

Home” on previous page.

25% of water amount

D1_H2O_O was ingested at

home. Assign water source

based on

RT15->H2O_DRNK.

See “Water Ingested At

Home” on previous page.

Yes Yes 

25% of water amount

D1_H2O_O was ingested

away from home. Assign

water source based on

RT25->D1_H2O_A.

See “Water Ingested Away From 

Home” on previous page.

75% of water amount

D1_H2O_O was ingested

away from home. Assign

water source based on

RT25->D1_H2O_A.

See “Water Ingested Away From 

Home” on previous page.
Figure 3.3. Water Source Assignment for Indirect Water In

Beverages:

RT15->H2O

_

BEVR

What is the main source of the

water used in your home for

preparing beverages, such as

coffee, tea, juice, and baby formula?

Indirect Community

Water

Indirect Bottled

Water

Indirect 

Sourc

Yes

=01

Community water

supply

Yes

=04

Bottled water

(purchased)

Yes

=02 (well 

cister

03 (sprin

96 (oth

No No 

Water is allocated to: 3-

9

Non-Beverages:

RT15->H2O_COOK

What is the main source of the water

used for cooking in your home?

Indirect Community

Water

Indirect Bottled

Water

Indirect 

Sourc

Yes Yes Yes

No No 

Water is allocated to:

=01

Community water

supply

=04

Bottled water

(purchased)

=02 (well 

cister

03 (sprin

96 (oth
Figure 3.4. Data Conventions for Direct Water Ingesti

RT30->FOODAMT

Reported amount of food

ingested in grams BE

110 Milk, human111 Milk, fluid (re112 Milk, fluid, e113 Milk, fluid, im115 Flavored mi117 Infant formu

reconstitute

612 Citrus fruit ju641 Fruit juices, 642 Nectars644 Vinegar672 Fruit juice b921 Coffee922 Coffee subs923 Tea924 Soft Drinks925 Fruitades an926 Beverages, 927 Beverages, 

from powde

928 Nonalcoholi929 Beverage co931 Beers and a932 Cordials and 933 Cocktails934 Wines935 Distilled liqu

Multiply by the proportion of indirect

water per 100 grams of the food

(see appendix C3) to get IWAT_ML,

the amount of indirect water

ingested in milliliters.

Refer to

RT30->FOODSRCE

(see Appendix A).

3-10

=01

3-digit food 

code is in

“Beverage

Food Codes”

List

Allocate 100% of

indirect water ingested

based on

RT15->H2O_COOK.

See “Non-Beverages”

on previous page.

Yes Yes

No No

Allocate 100% of

indirect water ingested

based on

RT15->H2O_BEVR.

See “Beverages”

on previous page.

Allocate 100% of

indirect water ingested to

Indirect Community Water.
4-1

4. ESTIMATED PER CAPITA WATER

INGESTION BY BROAD AGE CATEGORIES

This chapter presents point and interval estimates of the mean, 90th percentile and 95th percentile of

per capita daily average water ingestion for select subpopulations. The subpopulation age categories in

this chapter are broad as compared to the smaller range of age categories (fine age groups) presented in

Chapter 5. We augment tabulated estimates in this chapter with graphical presentations of the empirical

distributions of per capita water ingestion estimates for select subpopulations.

 Daily average water ingestion estimates were determined from the the combined CSFII 1994–1996

and 1998 data. Compared to our previous report presenting per capita water ingestion estimates from the

1994–1996 CSFII (see U.S. EPA, 2000), the estimates presented in this update for age groups older than

10 years are virtually unchanged. Water ingestion estimates for children 10 years of age and younger

(including children younger than 1) and for children aged 1 to 10 years changed as a result of the

incorporation of 1998 CSFII data, which increased the sample size of children younger than 10 years of

age by more than 5,000 participants.

Because EPA anticipates that per capita ingestion of community water will be of primary interest to

the readers of this report, we emphasize these results in Sections 4.1 through 4.4. Since children—

especially those under 1 year of age—and pregnant, lactating, and childbearing–age women are

considered to be high risk subpopulations, we address estimates for these groups in Sections 4.3 and 4.4,

respectively. To reflect changes in consumer behavior since the 1977–1978 survey, which was the basis

for Ershow and Cantor’s report (1989) on per capita water ingestion estimates, we report per capita

ingestion of bottled water from the 1994–96 and 1998 CSFII in Section 4.5. Estimates of total water

ingestion across water sources appear in Section 4.6, while Section 4.7 tabulates the percentage of

individuals that ingest 2 L of water or less for selected subpopulations.

Tables and figures of estimates are presented for all individuals and for “consumers only” by source

and type of ingestion. Sources of ingested water include community water, bottled water, other sources,

and total water (all sources combined). Other sources include a household well, household rain cistern,

household or public spring and other sources. Types of ingestion are direct for plain water ingested as a

beverage, indirect for ingestion of the water added to foods and beverages during final preparation at

home or by food service establishments such as school cafeterias and restaurants, and both direct and

indirect for combined direct and indirect water ingestion. Water found naturally in foods (biological) and

water added by manufacturers (commercial) are excluded from these estimates of water ingestion. 

Estimates are provided in both units of milliliters/person/day (mL/person/day) and milliliters/kilogram of

body weight/day (mL/kg/day). 

Refer to Appendix E for a more comprehensive set of empirical distributions of estimated per capita

water ingestion. Appendix E provides point estimates of the mean, and 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th,

90th, 95th and 99th percentiles from the empirical distribution of daily average per capita water ingestion.

It should be noted that the dispersion among sampled individuals for some subpopulations across

CSFII estimation strata did not always support generation of variance estimates. In these instances there

were either no or one data point in a variance estimation unit. This precluded the application of the

statistical estimation method described in Appendix D. Therefore, the following discussions will point out
4-2

differences in mean per capita ingestion between subpopulations, but these differences are a quantitative

statement and do not necessarily imply statistical differences. Without variance estimates about the means

of the subpopulations, we cannot perform formal statistical tests to ascertain whether means for various

subpopulations differ statistically. 

4.1. Estimated Per Capita Ingestion of Community Water

Daily average per capita ingestion of community water, across age groups, are discussed in Section

4.1. Subsections “a” and “b” characterize community water ingestion estimates in units of mL/person/day

for the U.S. population and for “consumers only,” respectively. Estimated ingestion in units of mL/kg/day

for all individuals and “consumers only” appear in Section 4.1.c. Finally, community water ingestion

estimates for broad age categories are addressed in Section 4.1.d.

4.1.a. Ingestion of Community Water by All Individuals (mL/person/day)

For the general population, the children added to the CSFII sample by the 1998 data collection have

little effect on the overall estimated mean daily average per capita community water ingestion. The mean

daily average of estimated per capita community water ingestion is 926 mL/person/day. This average

estimate projects to the population of the United States. The estimated 90 percent confidence interval

about the mean is 903–949 mL/person/day. The estimated 90th percentile from the empirical distribution

of daily average per capita community water ingestion is 2.014 L. A 90 percent bootstrap interval about

the 90th percentile intake estimate for all individuals is 1.996 L to 2.048 L. The method for estimating

bootstrap intervals is described in Appendix D. Ninety-five percent of all individuals ingest 2.544 L or

less of community water per day. The 90 percent bootstrap interval about this estimate is 2.500–2.584 L

(see Table 4.1.A). 

Figure 4.1.F1 depicts the empirical cumulative distribution of daily average per capita community

water ingestion for all individuals based on the complete 1994–1996 and 1998 data. Considering that the

5th percentile estimate from this empirical distribution is zero and the 95th percentile estimate is 2.544 L

(see Appendix E, Part I, Table A.1), the empirical distribution is skewed. Observe that the estimated

mean is 926 mL/person/day, while the estimated median is 710 mL/person/day. This suggests that the

mean estimate and shape of the distribution are influenced by survey respondents ingesting either no or a

very little amount of water or very large volumes of water. Figure 4.1.G1 displays a histogram of daily

average per capita community water estimates. This histogram shows the positively skewed shape of the

data and illustrates that most of the daily average ingestion reported by CSFII respondents are less than 2

L. The bar with the midpoint of 1.575 L has an upper value of 1.890 L. This upper value is between the

estimated 80th and 90th percentiles of the empirical distribution. 

4.1.b. Ingestion of Community Water by “Consumers Only” (mL/person/day)

Since 5 percent of all the individuals older than 1 year of age and 25 percent of the infants younger

than 1 were reported to have zero community water ingestion (see Appendix E, Part 1, Table A.1), it is

important to pay attention to the group “consumers only,” comprised of respondents who drank water at

least once during the 2-day survey. “Consumers only” estimates exclude individuals who did not report

drinking water during the 2-day survey period. The mean daily average of estimated per capita ingestion

of community water for “consumers only” is 1.0 L/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 977

mL/person/day to 1.023 L/person/day). The estimated 90th percentile from the empirical distribution of
4-3

daily average per capita community water ingestion for “consumers only” is 2.069 L (90 percent

bootstrap interval is 2.026 to 2.130 L/person/day) (see Table 4.2.A). Figure 4.2.F portrays the empirical

cumulative distribution of daily average per capita community and total water ingestion for consumers. 

One point of clarification regarding the histograms (see Figures 4.1.G1, 4.1.G2, 4.2.G1, and 4.2.G2)

is necessary. Amounts printed along the x–axis are midpoint values for all the bars except the first two. 

That is, the width of the third bar and beyond is 630 mL. The first bar for Figures 4.1.G1 and 4.1.G2

represents nonconsumers (respondents with zero reported water ingestion or with missing ingestion) and

respondents with minimal ingestion. In this case, minimal ingestion is more than zero but less than 157.5

mL/day. The second bar represents ingestion of greater than 157.5 mL/day but less than 630 mL/day. 

Therefore, the first two bars together represent ingestion of 630 mL/day or less. All other bars are each

intervals of 630 mL/day. Bars are defined similarly for Figures 4.2.G1 and 4.2.G2 for consumers except

that the first bar only represents respondents with minimal ingestion defined as more than zero but less

than 157.5 mL/day. 

4.1.c. Ingestion of Community Water (mL/kg/day)

The mean ingestion of community water for the United States population, reported in units per

kilogram of body weight, remains 16 mL/kg/day (90 percent confidence interval is 15 to 16 mL/kg/day)

(see Table 4.1.B2). For “consumers only,” the mean ingestion of community water is 17 mL/kg/day (90

percent confidence interval is 16 to 17 mL/kg/day) (see Table 4.2.B2). The 90th percentile from the

empirical distribution of daily average per capita ingestion of community water for all individuals is 32

mL/kg/day (see Table 4.1.B2), and for “consumers only” it is 33 mL/kg/day (see Table 4.2.B2). 

4.1.d. Ingestion of Community Water by Age (mL/person/day)

In the United States population, individuals 20 years and older ingest an average of 1.098 L (the 90

percent confidence interval is 1.068–1.127 L) of community water per day. This is followed by

individuals 11 to 19 years old who ingest an average of 684 mL daily (the 90 percent confidence interval

is 634 to 733 mL), children 1 to 10 years old who ingest an average of 395 mL daily (the 90 percent

confidence interval is 378 to 412 mL/person/day), and children less than 1 year old who ingest an average

of 327 mL daily (the 90 percent confidence interval is 307 to 347 mL/person/day) (see Table 4.1.B1). 

Caretakers for more than 25 percent of the children under 1 year of age reported zero community

water ingestion for that age group (see Appendix E, Part 1, Table A.1). It is assumed that these zero

consumers are ingesting mostly biological water (such as is present in milk) or commercial water (present

in undiluted juice or formula) that are not included in these estimates.

Results for “consumers only” by age category are similar. Individuals 20 years or older ingest an

average of 1.176 L of community water per day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 1.148–1.204

L/person/day). Young adults 11 to 19 years old ingest an average of 736 mL/person/day (the 90 percent

confidence interval is 684 to 787 mL/person/day), children 1 to 10 years of age ingest an average of 431

mL/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 414 to 449 mL/day), and children under 1 year of age ingest

an average of 502 mL/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 479 to 524 mL/day). The estimated 90th

percentile ingestion for children under one year of age is 976 mL/person (see Table 4.2.B1). 
4-4

4.2. Estimates of Per Capita Community Water Ingestion by Gender

Maintaining the same broad age categories presented in Section 4.1, this section reports daily average

per capita ingestion estimates of community water by gender.

4.2.a. Ingestion of Community Water by Gender (mL/person/day)

Similar to our previous report (U.S. EPA, 2000), the mean community water ingested by males is

statistically significantly higher than that ingested by females in all age categories except for children

younger than 1 year and children 1 to 10 years of age (see Table 4.1.C1 and Fig.4.1.C1). The highest

mean per capita ingestion of community water by males is found in the 20 years and older age group. The

mean for this group is 1.162 L/person/day and the 90th percentile is 2.337 L/person/day. For females 20

years of age and older, the mean daily average estimated per capita community water ingestion is 1.039 L,

while the 90th percentile estimate is 2.126 L. For males and females in all age groups younger than 20

years of age the 90th percentile estimates are all less than 2 L/person/day.

Similarly, the above results are confirmed by “consumers only” estimates. The male consumers

ingest more community water on average than female consumers (see Table 4.2.C1 and Figure 4.2.C1). 

Male consumers 20 years and older have the highest estimated mean per capita ingestion (1.242 L). The

90th percentile estimate of daily average per capita community water ingestion for male consumers 20

years and older is 2.387 L. The daily average per capita community water ingestion for female consumers

20 years and older is 1.116 L, and the 90th percentile estimate is 2.165 L. The difference in means 

between the two genders for individuals 20 years and older is 126 mL or 4.2 fluid ounces. Ninetieth

percentile estimates are less than 2 L/person/day for male and female consumers in all age groups 

younger than 20 years old.

4.2.b. Ingestion of Community Water By Age and Gender (mL/kg/day)

For all individuals, the lowest estimated mean daily average per capita ingestion of community water,

reported per kilogram of body weight, is 12 mL/kg/day for individuals aged 11 to 19 years. The highest

estimated mean daily average per capita ingestion is 46 mL/kg/day for children less than 1 year of age. 

Adults 20 years and older have a mean daily average per capita ingestion of 15 mL/kg/day, and children

one to ten years old have a mean daily average per capita ingestion of 19 mL/kg/day (see Table 4.1.B2). 

This pattern is similar for “consumers only” (see Table 4.2.B2). Thus, based on per kilogram body

weight, the infants less than 1 year of age ingest approximately three to four times the estimated amount

of community water as the adult 20 years or older. 

Males and females in the U.S. population have similar mean daily average per capita ingestion,

reported per kilogram of body weight, from community water. Females have the same or higher mean

ingestion than males for all age groups except for individuals 11 to 19 years of age (11 mL/kg/day versus

13 mL/kg/day) (see Table 4.1.C2). The comparison between mean ingestion estimates for male and

female consumers is similar (see Table 4.2.C2). 

4.3. Per Capita Estimates of Community Water Ingestion By Children Younger Than One

Year of Age 

While children younger than 1 year of age ingest the lowest amount of community water when

compared to other age groups, the mean ingested amount is the highest for children under 1 year of age 
4-5

when estimates are normalized by body weight. Section 4.3.a presents estimates in units of

mL/person/day while body weight normalized estimates appear in Section 4.3.b.

 4.3.a. Ingestion of Community Water for Children Younger Than One Year of Age 

(mL/person/day)

The age group with the lowest estimated mean ingestion of direct and indirect community water for

both genders is children less than 1 year of age. This is also the only age group where the estimated

mean per capita ingestion by females (347 mL) is higher than that for males (308 mL) (see Table 4.1.C1). 

Similarly, female consumers less than 1 year of age have a higher estimated mean per capita ingestion of

community water than male consumers (515 mL/day versus 488 mL/day) (see Table 4.2.C1). However,

the difference between estimated gender means for children younger than 1 year of age is not considered

statistically significant because the estimated 90 percent confidence interval for mean water ingested by

females (486–543 mL/person/day) overlaps that for males (454–522 mL/person/day).

4.3.b. Ingestion of Community Water for Children Younger Than One Year of Age 

 mL/kg/day)

Children younger than 1 year of age have an estimated per capita mean ingestion of community water

of 46 mL/kg/day, the highest of the age categories. This compares to the mean estimated value of 16

mL/kg/day of community water ingested by all individuals (see Table 4.1.B2). Likewise, consumers less

than 1 year of age have the highest estimated mean ingestion, 71 mL/kg/day. The estimated mean for all

consumers (all ages) is 17 mL/kg/day. Therefore, infants younger than one year of age ingest

approximately three to four times the estimated amount of community water than do individuals in all age

groups (see Table 4.2.B2). 

4.4. Per Capita Ingestion of Community Water for Women in Childbearing Years 

Women aged 15 through 44 are classified in this report as being in childbearing years. Estimated

water ingestion for these women are further delineated by pregnant and lactating women and their

nonpregnant and nonlactating cohorts. Section 4.4a characterizes estimated daily average per capita

ingestion of community water in units of mL/person/day. Units recorded in Section 4.4b are mL/kg/day.

4.4a. Estimated Ingestion of Community Water for Women in Childbearing Years in

(mL/person/day)

On average, lactating women ingest the largest per capita amount of community water. The estimated

mean daily average ingestion by lactating women is 1.379 L, while the means for pregnant women and the

nonpregnant and nonlactating women in childbearing years are 819 mL and 916 mL, respectively. The

75th percentile estimate for lactating women exceeds 2 L (2.263 L) compared to 1.264 L for their

nonpregnant and nonlactating cohorts of childbearing age. The 90th percentile daily average per capita

ingestion by lactating women is estimated to be 2.872 L, as compared to the estimated 90th percentile of

1.953 L ingested by nonpregnant and nonlactating women in childbearing years. The 90th percentile

estimate from the empirical distribution of daily average per capita ingestion of community water by

pregnant women is 1.815 L. The 95th percentile estimates from the empirical distributions of daily

average per capita ingestion of community water for pregnant women, lactating women, and nonpregnant

and nonlactating women aged 15 to 44 are 2.503 L, 3.434 L, and 2.575 L, respectively (see Table 4.1.E
4-6

and Appendix E, Part I, Table A.3). 

Similarly, for “consumers only,” lactating women ingest more water than do pregnant women or

nonpregnant and nonlactating women of childbearing age. The estimated mean daily average ingestion of

community water for “consumers only” lactating women is 1.665 L, for pregnant women it is 872 mL,

and for nonpregnant and nonlactating women of childbearing age it is 976 mL. As noted above, the 75th

percentile estimate of ingestion for “consumers only” lactating women exceeds 2 L/day (2.417 L/day),

compared to 1.301 L/day for nonpregnant and nonlactating women of childbearing age and 1.424 L/day

for pregnant women. The 90th percentile estimate of ingestion for “consumers only” exceeds 2 L/day for

both lactating women and nonpregnant and nonlactating women of childbearing age (2.959 L and 2.013 L,

respectively). The 95th percentile estimates of daily average per capita ingestion of community water for

pregnant consumers, lactating consumers, and nonpregnant and nonlactating consumers aged 15 to 44 are

2.589 L, 3.588 L, and 2.614 L, respectively (see Table 4.2.E and Appendix E, Part III, Table A.3). 

4.4.b. Estimated Community Water Ingestion in Units of mL/kg/day 

When estimates are reported for all women of childbearing age in units of milliliter per kilogram of

body weight per day, the mean ingestion of community water by lactating women also is the highest at 21

mL/kg/day. Pregnant women have the lowest mean ingestion of community water with an estimated

mean of 13 mL/kg/day. Nonpregnant and nonlactating women in childbearing years have an estimated

mean ingestion of 14 mL of community water/kg/day. The 90th and 95th percentiles from the empirical

distribution of daily average per capita ingestion of community water per kilogram of body weight for

lactating women both exceed 50 mL/kg/day. Ninetieth percentile estimates for pregnant women and

nonpregnant and nonlactating women in childbearing years are both 31 mL/kg/day, while the 95th

percentile estimates from these two distributions are 43 and 38 mL/kg/day, respectively (see Appendix E,

Part II, Table A.3). 

The estimated mean per capita ingestion of community water is 26 mL/kg/day for lactating

consumers, 14 mL/kg/day for pregnant consumers, and 15 mL/kg/day for nonpregnant and nonlactating

female consumers aged 15 to 44. The estimated 90th and 95th percentiles of daily average per capita

ingestion per kilogram of body weight for lactating consumers both exceed 50 mL/kg/day. Ninetieth

percentile estimates for pregnant consumers and nonpregnant and nonlactating female consumers aged 15

to 44 are 33 mL/kg/day and 32 mL/kg/day, respectively, while the 95th percentile estimates from these two

groups are 43 mL/kg/day and 38 mL/kg/day (see Appendix E, Part IV, Table A.3). 

4.5. Ingestion of Bottled Water and Water from Other Sources

The 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII asked participants the source of their drinking water. One answer

choice was bottled water. Section 4.5 summarizes daily average per capita ingestion estimates of bottled

water and water from other noncommunity sources. Within Section 4.5.a, estimates of bottled water and

water from other noncommunity sources are discussed for all individuals, both in units of milliliter per

person per day and in ingestion units normalized for body weight. Section 4.5.b characterizes estimated

bottled water and other noncommunity water ingestion for “consumers only.” 

4.5.a. Ingestion of Bottled Water and Water from Other Sources (All Individuals)

Based on the latest analyses, mean per capita ingestion of bottled water for the United States
4-7

population is estimated to be 163 mL. The addition to the overall sample of more than 5,000 children

younger than 10 years of age in the CSFII 1998 survey resulted in very little change in the estimates of

bottled water and other water ingestion for the general population (all ages). The estimated mean daily

average per capita ingestion of bottled water from the 1994 through 1996 CSFII data was 161

mL/person/day. With the addition of the 1998 CSFII data, as stated above, the estimated mean daily

average per capita ingestion of bottled water is 163 mL/person/day. This represents a 1 percent increase

that is not considered statistically significant.

The 90th and 95th percentile estimates from the empirical distribution of daily average per capita

ingestion of bottled water for the United States population are 592 mL and 1,059 mL, respectively (see

Table 4.1.A). The estimated mean ingestion of water from other sources by the United States population

is 128 mL/person/day. Ninetieth and 95th percentile estimates of per capita ingestion of water from other

sources are 345 mL and 1,008 mL, respectively (see Table 4.1.A). Other sources include water from

wells, rain cisterns, springs, and sources identified by respondents as “other.” Comparing the mean daily

average per capita ingestion of bottled water and water from other sources to total water ingestion

regardless of sources (1.233 L) suggests that 13 percent of total water ingestion is attributable to bottled

water, while 10 percent is attributable to water from other sources. Community water comprises 75

percent of the total water ingestion by individuals in the United States population. 

When estimated across age groups, the mean daily average per capita ingestion of bottled water by

kilogram of body weight is 3 mL/kg/day. This is true for both genders. The estimated empirical

percentiles of bottled water ingestion for all individuals (see Appendix E, Parts I and II, Table B.1)

illustrate that more than 75 percent of respondents do not ingest bottled water, either directly as a

beverage or indirectly from foods. The estimated mean indirect ingestion of bottled water is higher than

that ingested directly as a beverage for children younger than 1 year of age (see Appendix E, Parts I and

II, Table B.1). Across genders, the estimated mean of directly ingested bottled water for children younger

than one year of age is 23 mL/person/day, while the estimated mean indirect ingestion for this age group

is 93 mL/person/day. Normalized by body weight, children younger than 1 year of age directly ingest a

mean daily average of 3 mL bottled water/kg/day, while the estimated mean indirect ingestion is 14

mL/kg/day. In that group, bottled water is most probably used to hydrate powered formula. Ingestion

through this route is considered indirect. For all other age groups, estimates of directly ingested bottled

water are higher than those estimated for indirect ingestion from foods and beverages.

Table B.3 of Appendix E, Part II shows that pregnant women ingest bottled water at an estimated rate

of 5 mL/kg/day. For lactating and nonpregnant and nonlactating women in childbearing years, the

estimated mean ingestion of bottled water is 3 mL/kg/day. In general, empirical estimates of bottled water

ingestion for pregnant women are higher than those for their cohorts.

4.5.b. Estimated Ingestion of Bottled Water and Water from Other Sources (“Consumers Only”)

Daily average per capita ingestion of bottled water for consumers is estimated to be 736 mL/person. 

The 90th and 95th percentile estimates of ingestion for consumers of bottled water are 1.567 L/person/day

and 1.964 L/person/day, respectively (see Table 4.2.A). The daily average per capita ingestion of water

for consumers from other sources is 963 mL. The 90th and 95th percentile estimates of daily per capita

ingestion are 1.970 L and 2.468 L, respectively (see Table 4.2.A). Adult male consumers 20 years of age

and older ingest an average of 10 mL/kg/day of bottled water while female adult consumers in the same

age group ingest, on average, 13 mL/kg/day of bottled water.
4-8

The highest estimated mean ingestion of bottled water by “consumers only,” normalized by body

weight, is for children younger than 1 year of age. Again, the mean estimated indirect ingestion of bottled

water for these consumers exceeds that of direct ingestion for this age group. The estimated mean per

capita indirect ingestion of bottled water for consuming children younger than 1 year of age is 85

mL/kg/day while the estimate mean direct ingestion of bottled water by consuming children is 17

mL/kg/day (see Appendix E, Part IV, Table B.1). Pregnant women who consume water ingest an average

of 12 mL/kg/day of bottled water directly as a beverage. This compares to directly ingested averages of 6

mL/kg/day and 11 mL/kg/day for lactating and nonpregnant and nonlactating women in childbearing

years, respectively (see Appendix E, Part IV, Table B.3). 

4.6. Estimated Per Capita Total Water Consumption

This section summarizes per capita total water ingestion estimates across sources of water. Estimates

include waters ingested directly as beverages and indirectly through food and drink. Section 4.6.a

characterizes ingestion estimates for all individuals while estimates for “consumers only” are discussed in

Section 4.6.b.

4.6.a. Ingestion of Total Water by All Individuals

The mean estimate of total water ingestion (ingestion of water from all sources) for the general

population is 1.233 L/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 1.200–1.265 L/person/day). The

estimated 90th and 95th percentiles of the empirical distribution of daily average per capita ingestion are

2.341 L and 2.908 L/person/day, respectively (see Table 4.1.D1). Approximately 85 percent of the U.S.

population ingests 2 L or less per day of total water (see Figure 4.1.F2). 

For children younger than 1 year of age, the estimated mean ingestion of total water is 488

mL/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 464–512 mL/person/day). The 90th and 95th

percentiles of total water ingestion are 993 mL/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 960–1,032

mL/person/day) and 1.209 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 1.142–1.303 L/person/day),

respectively. The mean value of the daily total water ingestion for a child 1 to 10 years old is 531

mL/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 513–550 mL/person/day). The 90th and 95th

percentiles of total water ingestion are 1.022 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 994–1,037

mL/person/day) and 1.257 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 1.227–1.301 L/person/day),

respectively (see Table 4.1.D1). Thus, similar to our previous report (U.S. EPA, 2000), approximately 90

percent of children 10 years of age or younger consume less than or equal to the default value of 1 L per

day.

4.6.b. Ingestion of Total Water by “Consumers Only”

The most conservative water ingestion distributions for the 2-day average per capita ingestion of

water from all sources (excluding commercial and biological water) are by “consumers only.” The

estimated means and percentile distributions of the 11 to19 year-old, the adults (age 20 and older) and the

general population (all ages) are similar to our prior report (U.S. EPA, 2000). The estimated mean for the

general population is 1.242 L/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 1.210–1.274

L/person/day). 

The 90th and 95th percentiles are 2.345 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 2.284–2,403

L/person/day) and 2.923 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 2.842–2.997 L/person/day),
4-9

respectively (see Table 4.2.D1). Approximately 84 percent of “consumers only” ingest an amount less

than or equal to the default value of 2 L per day when considering total water (see Figure 4.2.F2). For

“consumer only” infants younger than 1 year old, the estimated mean ingestion of total water is 580

mL/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 557–604 mL/person/day). The 90th and 95th

percentiles are 1.038 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 1.008–1.071 L/person/day) and

1.280 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 1.177–1.314 L/person/day), respectively. For

“consumer only” children 1 to 10 years of age, the estimated mean ingestion of total water is 536

mL/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 517–555 mL/person/day). The 90th and 95th

percentiles are 1.024 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 987–1,065 mL/person/day) and

1.258 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 1.184–1.336 L/person/day), respectively (see

Table 4.2.D1). Therefore, even by the most conservative estimate (i.e., water from all sources and

excluding the zero consumers), 90 percent of all children 10 years or younger ingest an amount less than

or equal to the default value of 1 L of water per day. 

4.7. Estimates of the Percentage of Select “Consumers Only” Subpopulations Who Ingest Two

Liters or Less Per Day

Figures 4.3.A and 4.3.B illustrate empirical cumulative distribution functions for daily average per

capita ingestion of community water and total water, respectively. Units are mL/person/day. The

cumulative distribution functions for per capita water ingestion by select subpopulations of “consumers

only” are overlaid on each graph. From the empirical distributions of daily average per capita ingestion

for select subpopulations of adults, we determined the percentage of individuals who ingest 2 L or less of

water. Tabulated estimates are provided for both community water and total water for “consumers only”

and all individuals. For both sources of water, percentages are estimated using combined direct and

indirect ingestion. 

When performing risk assessment analyses, a common practice has been to use 2 L per person per day

as a default value for water ingestion. The value of 2 L per person per day corresponds to the

approximate 85th percentile of the cumulative distribution of per capita direct and indirect total water

ingestion for all individuals (see Figure 4.1.F2) and the approximate 84th percentile of per capita direct

and indirect total water ingestion for “consumers only” (see Figure 4.2.F2). Various subpopulations are

often the focus of risk assessments where water ingestion is a critical variable. In such cases, the question

of which percentile the default value corresponds to on the subpopulation cumulative distribution

invariably arises. Table 4.3 presents estimated percentages of adult males and adult females 20 years of

age and older who ingest 2 L or less of water per day. Percentage estimates also are presented for women

in the childbearing years of 15 to 44. For this age group, the table records estimated percentages of

women who ingest 2 L of water or less per day for the subpopulation of pregnant women, lactating

women, and their nonpregnant and nonlactating cohort.

While an estimated 82 percent of women 20 years of age and older (“consumers only”) ingest 2 L or

less of total water per day, 38.5 percent of lactating women ( 1-(61.5/100)) “consumers only” ingest a

daily average of more than 2 L of total water. For female “consumers only” aged 20 years and older, an

estimated 87 percent ingest 2 L of community water or less per day. This percentage is much higher than

the 60 percent of lactating women consumers who ingest 2 L or less of community water per day.

When viewed as daily average per capita consumption, males aged 20 and older ingest larger amounts

of water than females in this age group. Therefore, it is expected that a smaller percentage of males 20

years of age and older will ingest 2 L of water or less per day than females in that age group. Table 4.3
4-10

shows this expectation to be true. For example, approximately 84 percent of male consumers aged 20 and

older ingest 2 L of community water per day or less, while 87 percent of female consumers in the same

age group ingest 2 L of community water or less per day. This relationship holds true for community

water and total water ingestion for both all individuals and “consumers only.” 

Approximately 84 percent of adult male “consumers only” ingest 2 L or less of community water per

day, while an estimated 76 percent of adult male “consumers only” ingest 2 L or less of total water per

day. Percentage estimates do not change appreciably when all individuals are considered. 

 Table 4.3. Estimated Percentage Of Individuals From Selected Subpopulations Who Ingest a

Mean Daily Average of 2 Liters or Less of Direct and Indirect Water

SUBPOPULATION

COMMUNITY WATER TOTAL WATER

All Individuals Consumers Only All Individuals Consumers Only

Males 20+ years 84.69% 83.64% 76.13% 76.01%

Females 20+ years 87.80% 86.85% 81.64% 81.60%

Pregnant Women 91.32% 90.76% 83.99% 83.99%

Lactating Women 66.55% 59.64% 61.51% 61.51%

Nonpregnant, 

nonlactating women

ages 15–44

90.35% 89.71% 85.31% 85.13%
4-11

 Table 4.1.A. Estimated Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Source

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Source Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Community Water 20,607 261,897,236 926 903 949 2,014 1,996 2,048 2,544 2,500 2,584

 Bottled Water 20,607 261,897,236 163 148 178 592 576 644 1,059 1,006 1,065

 Other Sources 20,607 261,897,236 128 101 155 345 294 395 1,008 932 1,110

 Missing Source 20,607 261,897,236 16 12 19 - - - - - -

 All Sources 20,607 261,897,236 1,233 1,200 1,265 2,341 2,303 2,377 2,908 2,812 2,975

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 14:15 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1A.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

**: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-12

 Table 4.1.B1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 < 1 1,486 3,822,361 327 307 347 872 855 883 1,031 993 1,056

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 395 378 412 892 857 946 1,116 1,075 1,162

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 684 634 733 1,534 1,462 1,578 1,947 1,843 2,013

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 1,098 1,068 1,127 2,224 2,178 2,285 2,801 2,707 2,869

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 926 903 949 2,014 1,996 2,048 2,544 2,500 2,584

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 29OCT02 12:47 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1B1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-13

 Table 4.1.B2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 < 1 1,422 3,661,161 46 43 49 125 123 131 161 149 171

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 19 18 20 42 41 43 55 53 56

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 12 11 13 26 24 27 33 32 35

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 15 15 15 31 31 31 39 38 39

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 16 15 16 32 32 33 43 41 44

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 11NOV02 16:36 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1B2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

**: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
4-14

 Table 4.1.C1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 < 1 763 1,920,275 347 321 373 860 849 906 1,030 1,008 1,102

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 384 362 406 868 831 939 1,087 1,035 1,132

 11-19 825 16,495,997 592 549 635 1,313 1,257 1,462 1,745 1,570 1,908

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 1,039 1,005 1,072 2,126 2,041 2,196 2,652 2,542 2,773

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 879 854 903 1,932 1,870 1,995 2,419 2,318 2,485

 b. Male

 < 1 723 1,902,086 308 281 334 876 856 891 1,028 976 1,071

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 405 387 423 910 883 946 1,134 1,075 1,162

 11-19 816 17,057,939 772 706 838 1,658 1,526 1,782 2,015 1,951 2,346

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 1,162 1,125 1,199 2,337 2,296 2,388 2,935 2,843 3,106

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 975 944 1,006 2,113 2,057 2,153 2,660 2,590 2,740

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 11:01 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1C1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

**: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-15

 Table 4.1.C2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 < 1 728 1,834,226 50 46 55 130 123 152 173 147 189

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 19 18 20 43 41 45 56 53 58

 11-19 805 16,191,986 11 10 11 25 23 27 32 28 35

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 16 15 16 33 31 33 40 39 41

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 16 16 17 33 33 34 43 42 45

 b. Male

 < 1 694 1,826,935 41 37 46 120 110 131 145 139 161

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 19 18 20 42 40 43 54 52 58

 11-19 801 16,816,334 13 12 14 26 25 29 36 32 43

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 14 14 15 29 29 30 37 36 38 

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 15 15 16 31 31 32 41 39 43

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 11:34 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1C2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

**: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
4-16

 Table 4.1.D1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 < 1 1,486 3,822,361 488 464 512 993 960 1,032 1,209 1,142 1,303

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 531 513 550 1,022 994 1,037 1,257 1,227 1,301

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 907 852 963 1,780 1,720 1,843 2,188 2,002 2,347

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 1,460 1,422 1,498 2,549 2,510 2,602 3,194 3,036 3,313

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 1,233 1,200 1,265 2,341 2,303 2,377 2,908 2,812 2,975

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 14:45 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1D1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-17

 Table 4.1.D2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 < 1 1,422 3,661,161 68 64 72 153 147 164 185 174 199

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 25 25 26 49 48 52 63 61 65

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 16 15 17 30 29 32 39 37 42

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 20 19 20 35 35 36 44 43 45

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 21 20 21 38 38 39 50 48 51

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 14:49 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1D2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
4-18

 Table 4.1.D3. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 < 1 763 1,920,275 482 453 510 964 950 1,022 1,167 1,070 1,266

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 524 500 549 994 964 1,044 1,246 1,192 1,273

 11-19 825 16,495,997 822 767 877 1,636 1,564 1,775 1,954 1,831 2,104

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 1,383 1,348 1,419 2,413 2,375 2,471 2,925 2,835 2,994

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 1,176 1,148 1,204 2,215 2,167 2,285 2,700 2,633 2,789

 b. Male

 < 1 723 1,902,086 494 462 527 1,003 960 1,095 1,278 1,142 1,350

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 538 518 558 1,044 1,020 1,082 1,296 1,237 1,336

 11-19 816 17,057,939 990 921 1,060 1,896 1,750 1,962 2,421 2,239 2,668

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 1,542 1,494 1,591 2,738 2,657 2,788 3,517 3,383 3,691

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 1,292 1,250 1,334 2,478 2,425 2,522 3,138 3,032 3,263

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 13:34 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1D3.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-19

 Table 4.1.D4. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 < 1 728 1,834,226 70 66 75 164 139 171 191 171 206

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 26 25 27 50 48 52 64 61 67

 11-19 805 16,191,986 15 14 16 29 27 32 36 32 39

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 21 20 21 37 36 37 45 44 47

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 22 21 22 39 38 39 50 48 52

 b. Male

 < 1 694 1,826,935 66 60 72 145 137 158 172 164 197

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 25 24 26 49 48 51 62 61 64

 11-19 801 16,816,334 16 15 18 32 29 37 42 37 49

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 19 18 19 34 33 35 43 42 44

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 20 20 21 38 37 38 50 48 51

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 13:53 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1D4.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
4-20

 Table 4.1.E. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Pregnant 70 1,750,330 819* 669* 969* 1,815* 1,479* 2,808* 2,503* 2,167* 3,690*

 Lactating 41 1,171,868 1,379* 1,021* 1,737* 2,872* 2,722* 3,452* 3,434* 2,987* 3,803*

 Women Age 15-44 2,332 58,970,270 922 887 957 2,008 1,893 2,055 2,605 2,483 2,806

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 14:55 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_1E.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-21

Table 4.2.A. Estimated Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Source

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Source Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Community Water 18,509 242,451,369 1,000 977 1,023 2,069 2,026 2,130 2,601 2,528 2,707

 Bottled Water 4,451 58,027,608 736 708 763 1,567 1,509 1,656 1,964 1,893 2,070

 Other Sources 2,735 34,775,452 963 902 1,024 1,970 1,895 2,026 2,468 2,365 2,556

 Missing Source 709 9,585,453 434 392 477 1,148 993 1,236 1,459 1,420 1,656

 All Sources 20,261 259,882,539 1,242 1,210 1,274 2,345 2,284 2,403 2,923 2,842 2,997

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 12:39 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2A.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-22

 Table 4.2.B1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 < 1 997 2,494,300 502 479 524 976 944 1,022 1,147 1,067 1,246

 1-10 7,365 36,690,718 431 414 449 934 896 954 1,137 1,092 1,176

 11-19 1,536 31,177,566 736 684 787 1,566 1,526 1,649 1,973 1,896 2,103

 20 + 8,611 172,088,785 1,176 1,148 1,204 2,284 2,244 2,338 2,848 2,781 2,958

 All ages 18,509 242,451,369 1,000 977 1,023 2,069 2,026 2,130 2,601 2,528 2,707

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 15:32 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2B1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-23

 Table 4.2.B2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 < 1 948 2,373,335 71 67 74 145 138 159 185 170 195

 1-10 6,901 34,527,957 21 20 22 44 43 45 57 55 59

 11-19 1,507 30,759,097 13 12 13 26 25 27 34 32 37

 20 + 8,459 168,957,363 16 16 16 32 31 33 39 38 41

 All ages 17,815 236,617,752 17 16 17 33 33 34 44 43 45

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 15:32 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2B2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
4-24

 Table 4.2.C1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 < 1 516 1,294,659 515 486 543 972 918 1,009 1,122 1,056 1,266

 1-10 3,627 17,949,653 417 394 440 920 877 951 1,123 1,079 1,165

 11-19 768 15,254,527 640 594 686 1,389 1,264 1,479 1,774 1,576 1,947

 20 + 4,227 89,385,243 1,116 1,084 1,148 2,165 2,041 2,196 2,711 2,542 2,773

 All ages 9,138 123,884,082 950 925 975 2,004 1,932 2,040 2,483 2,419 2,583

 b. Male

 < 1 481 1,199,641 488 454 522 976 882 1,042 1,171 1,064 1,304

 1-10 3,738 18,741,065 445 427 464 944 906 984 1,154 1,087 1,241

 11-19 768 15,923,039 827 760 894 1,669 1,602 1,843 2,056 1,988 2,235

 20 + 4,384 82,703,542 1,242 1,207 1,277 2,387 2,296 2,388 3,016 2,843 3,106

 All ages 9,371 118,567,287 1,053 1,022 1,084 2,164 2,130 2,197 2,734 2,607 2,816

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12NOV02 15:50 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2C1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-25

Table 4.2.C2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 < 1 491 1,231,057 75 70 80 159 144 171 193 183 212

 1-10 3,386 16,764,949 21 20 22 45 44 47 58 55 61

 11-19 752 15,037,128 12 11 12 26 23 28 32 28 36

 20 + 4,099 86,643,885 17 16 17 33 33 34 41 39 42

 All ages 8,728 119,677,019 17 17 18 34 34 35 45 43 46

 b. Male

 < 1 457 1,142,278 66 61 71 139 128 153 163 145 205

 1-10 3,515 17,763,008 21 20 22 43 42 44 56 53 59

 11-19 755 15,721,969 14 12 15 27 22 30 38 32 43

 20 + 4,360 82,313,478 15 15 16 30 28 31 38 36 39 

 

 All ages 9,087 116,940,733 16 16 17 32 32 33 43 41 44

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13NOV02 08:44 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2C2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
4-26

 Table 4.2.D1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 < 1 1,266 3,213,646 580 557 604 1,038 1,008 1,071 1,280 1,177 1,314

 1-10 8,077 39,781,723 536 517 555 1,024 987 1,065 1,258 1,184 1,336

 11-19 1,626 33,187,855 917 861 974 1,782 1,716 1,870 2,204 2,054 2,351

 20 + 9,292 183,699,315 1,465 1,427 1,504 2,551 2,515 2,605 3,195 3,114 3,379

 All ages 20,261 259,882,539 1,242 1,210 1,274 2,345 2,284 2,403 2,923 2,842 2,997

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13NOV02 09:30 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2D1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-27

 Table 4.2.D2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 < 1 1,204 3,056,393 82 78 85 164 156 169 195 186 209

 1-10 7,583 37,534,929 26 25 26 50 49 50 63 61 65

 11-19 1,592 32,672,576 16 15 17 31 29 32 39 37 42

 20 + 9,130 180,342,914 20 19 21 36 35 36 44 43 45

 All ages 19,509 253,606,812 21 21 22 38 38 39 50 49 51

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13NOV02 09:20 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2D2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
4-28

 Table 4.2.D3. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 < 1 648 1,625,567 569 539 600 1,018 963 1,056 1,208 1,143 1,303

 1-10 3,975 19,370,519 528 503 553 995 961 1,053 1,246 1,183 1,311

 11-19 817 16,312,763 831 774 887 1,649 1,479 1,806 1,960 1,774 2,113

 20 + 4,556 95,645,114 1,389 1,352 1,425 2,416 2,375 2,471 2,928 2,848 3,018

 All ages 9,996 132,953,963 1,185 1,156 1,213 2,221 2,150 2,271 2,706 2,607 2,840

 b. Male

 < 1 618 1,588,079 592 563 621 1,055 1,015 1,181 1,303 1,187 1,422

 1-10 4,102 20,411,204 543 524 563 1,047 1,024 1,067 1,300 1,232 1,379

 11-19 809 16,875,092 1,001 931 1,071 1,898 1,843 1,974 2,429 2,249 2,668

 20 + 4,736 88,054,201 1,549 1,499 1,598 2,740 2,667 2,783 3,524 3,361 3,658

 All ages 10,265 126,928,576 1,302 1,260 1,344 2,483 2,447 2,529 3,148 3,043 3,320

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 17SEP03 16:55 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2D3.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-29

 Table 4.2.D4. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 < 1 615 1,543,465 84 79 89 171 161 176 199 191 206

 1-10 3,721 18,158,460 26 25 27 50 48 52 65 61 68

 11-19 798 16,039,089 15 14 16 29 28 32 36 34 39

 20 + 4,421 92,737,736 21 20 22 37 35 38 45 44 47

 All ages 9,555 128,478,750 22 21 22 39 38 39 50 48 52

 b. Male

 < 1 589 1,512,928 80 74 85 153 145 164 181 166 214

 1-10 3,862 19,376,469 25 25 26 49 48 51 62 60 64

 11-19 794 16,633,487 16 15 18 32 30 37 42 40 45

 20 + 4,709 87,605,178 19 18 20 34 33 36 43 41 45

 All ages 9,954 125,128,062 20 20 21 38 37 39 50 48 51

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 29SEP03 14:09 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_2D4.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
4-30

 Table 4.2.E1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Pregnant 65 1,644,007 872* 728* 1,016* 1,844* 1,776* 3,690* 2,589* 2,167* 3,690*

 Lactating 34 971,057 1,665* 1,181* 2,148* 2,959* 2,722* 3,452* 3,588* 2,987* 4,026*

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 2,077 52,631,773 976 937 1,014 2,013 1,893 2,065 2,614 2,475 2,873

 Women Age 15-44 2,176 55,244,773 985 947 1,022 2,046 1,947 2,167 2,732 2,432 2,924

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 07JAN04 11:34 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_2E1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
4-31

 Table 4.2.E2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Pregnant 70 1,750,330 1,318* 1,199* 1,436* 2,336* 1,851* 3,690* 2,674* 2,167* 3,690*

 Lactating 41 1,171,868 1,806* 1,311* 2,301* 3,021* 2,722* 3,794* 3,767* 3,059* 3,803*

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 2,203 55,619,141 1,252 1,202 1,303 2,338 2,256 2,404 2,941 2,834 3,179

 Women Age 15-44 2,314 58,539,275 1,265 1,216 1,314 2,366 2,284 2,484 2,953 2,813 3,187

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 07JAN04 11:50 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_2E2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 






























THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
5-1

5. ESTIMATES OF WATER INGESTION:

ADDITIONAL RESULTS FOR FINE AGE

CATEGORIES

This chapter reports per capita ingestion of water by children within small age range categories. 

We also augment the water ingestion estimates presented in the previous chapter by recording estimated

water ingestion by adults, based on age categories that are smaller than those reported in Chapter 4. The

motivation for producing estimates by smaller (or finer) age categories, especially for children, is twofold. 

First, the addition by the USDA of the 1998 supplemental CFSII data substantially increased the amount

of available data on children. By over-sampling children 9 years of age or younger during 1998, the

reported records for children increased by more than 5,000. The increased number of records allows for

estimates of ingestion for categories with smaller age ranges, which permits a more detailed

representation of the patterns of water ingestion especially in the young age groups. Second, consistent

with Agency policy on children’s health, recent draft EPA supplemental cancer risk assessment guidance

of 2003 places increased emphasis on early-life exposure to carcinogens. As water ingestion is a route of

possible exposure to toxins including carcinogens, water ingestion estimates for children are needed for

risk assessments in early life stages. This chapter presents estimates of per capita ingestion for children

younger than six months and from six moths to one year of age. Refining the Chapter 4 estimates for

children in the age group of one to ten, this chapter provides ingestion estimates for children ages younger

than 1, 1 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 10 years of age. 

Section 5.1 presents estimates of daily average per capita ingestion of community water. Each

subsection characterizes ingestion estimates in two units: milliliters per person per day and milliliters per

kg of body weight per day. Ingestion estimates are presented across all individuals in the specified age

category and for the set of “consumers only.” Section 5.2 records total water (across all sources)

ingestion estimates. Section 5.3 presents comments regarding water ingestion estimates across age

categories. Gender comparisons of community water ingestion estimates are presented in Section 5.4,

while estimates of total water ingestion are compared by gender in Section 5.5.

5.1 Estimated Per Capita Ingestion of Community Water By Age Categories

Daily average per capita estimates of water ingestion by children 3 years of age and younger are

presented in four age categories. Section 5.1.a records ingestion estimates for children younger than 6

months of age. Amounts of community water ingested by children aged 6 months to 1 year of age are

characterized in Section 5.1.b. Ingestion estimates for children younger than 2 years and between the

ages of 1 to 3 years are discussed in Sections 5.1.c and 5.1.d, respectively. Section 5.1.e summarizes

ingestion estimates for individuals between the ages of 4 and 20. Estimates are presented in four age

categories: ages 4 to 6, 7 to 10, 11 to 14, and 15 through 19.

5.1.a Children Younger than 6 Months of Age

Children younger than 6 months of age, on average, ingest the smallest daily average amount of

community water when ingestion is reported in units of milliliters per person per day (see Table 5.1.A1). 

Children in this age category ingested an average of 296 mL/person/day of community water. This
5-2

estimate was generated from ingestion data recorded for 772 sampled individuals. The estimate projects

to a U.S. population of 1,957,390 children younger than 6 months of age. When average daily per capita

ingestion of community water is estimated using only records for children whose caregivers responded

that the child ingested water at least once during the 2-day reporting period, the mean daily average per

capita ingestion for these “consumers only” is 548 mL/person/day. Of the 772 children less than 6

months of age, the sample of “consumers only” consisted of 435 individuals (see Table 5.2.A1). 

Therefore, no community water was ingested either directly or indirectly through foods or beverages by

44 percent of the sampled children younger than 6 months of age. The 90th percentile estimates of daily

average per capita ingestion of community water are 859 and 985 mL/person/day for all individuals and

“consumers only,” respectively, that are younger than 6 months of age.

When the amount of community water ingested by children younger than 6 months of age is

normalized by kilograms of body weight, the mean ingestion estimate for these infants is higher than that

for any other age group. Including all 772 infants younger than 6 months in the estimation procedure

yields an estimated mean daily average per capita ingestion of community water is 50 mL/kg/day. The 90

percent ingestion estimate for this age group is 146 mL/kg/day. Daily average ingestion of community

water by “consumers only” in this group is estimated to be 95 mL/kg/day. The estimated 90 percent is

184 mL/kg/day.

5.1.b Children Aged 6 Months to 1 Year

On average, children between the ages of 6 months to 1 year ingest 360 mL of community water

per day. The estimated 90th percentile of daily average per capita ingestion by children in this age

category is 885 mL/person/day (see Table 5.1.A1). These estimates are based on a sample of 714

children. If only the 562 children whose caregivers indicated that the child ingested community water at

least once during the 2-day CSFII reporting period are considered, then “consumers only” children aged 6

months to 1 year ingest an estimated 467 mL/person/day. The lower estimated mean ingestion for

children in this age category is anticipated when viewing the estimated percentiles from the empirical

distribution of daily average per capita ingestion of all individuals aged 6 months to 1 year. Table A.2 in

Appendix E, Part I illustrates that the 25th percentile is estimated to be 17 mL/person/day. Caregivers for

152 children aged 6 months to 1 year did not record ingestion of community water. This represents 21

percent of the sample of children in this age category. Table A.2 of Appendix E, Part I also suggests that

the majority of water ingested by children in this age category is from indirect sources, most probably

water added to reconstitute formula. For this age category, the mean estimate of directly ingested

community water is 58 mL/person/day while the estimated mean amount of daily per capita community

water ingested indirectly through foods or added to beverages is 302 mL/person/day. 

Normalizing the daily average per capita ingestion of community water by kilograms of body

weight yields mean ingestion estimates of 41 mL/kg/day for all children aged 6 months to 1 year. 

“Consumers only” ingest an estimated mean daily average of 53 mL/kg/day of community water. An

estimated 50 percent of these “consumers only” children ingest less than 10 mL/kg/day of community

water directly as a beverage while 50 percent ingest more than 40 mL/kg/day of community water

indirectly through water added to foods or beverages (see Appendix E, Part IV, Table A.2).

5.1.c Children Younger than 2 Years of Age

On average, children younger than 2 years of age ingest 298 mL/person/day of community water

(see Table 5.1.A1). Table A.2 in Part I of Appendix E indicates that the majority of community water
5-3

ingestion is indirect through water added to foods or to beverages. The estimated mean amount of water

ingested directly as a beverage is 93 mL/person/day while the estimated mean of indirectly ingested

community water is 205 mL/person/day.

 In the sample of 2,526 children in the CSFII survey that were younger than 2 years of age,

caregivers reported that 1,913 (76 percent) ingested community water at least once during the 2-day

reporting period. The estimated mean ingestion of community water across these 1, 913 “consumers only”

aged 2 years and younger is 386 mL/person/day (see Table 5.2.A1). Estimated 90th percentiles from the

distribution of daily average per capita ingestion of community water are 789 mL/person/day and 856

mL/person/day for all individuals younger than 2 years of age and its subset of “consumers only,”

respectively.

The estimated mean community water ingestion normalized by body weight is 34 mL/kg/day

when all children younger than 2 years of age are considered in the estimation process. Twenty-five

mL/kg/day is the average amount of community water ingested indirectly by these children while the

direct ingestion mean estimate is 9 mL/kg/day. The estimated mean ingestion for “consumers only” is 44

mL/kg/day (see Table 5.2.A2) while the estimated 90th percentile ingestion is 109 mL/kg/day.

5.1.d Children 1 to 3 Years of Age

According to these analyses, children between the ages of 1 to 3 years ingest a mean of 311

mL/person/day of community water. On average, children in this age category ingested 181

mL/person/day directly as a beverage. Indirect ingestion of community water added to foods and

beverages is estimated as 129 mL/person/day. The estimated 90th percentile of community water ingested

by these children is 694 mL/person/day. The sample of children aged 1 to 3 years across the four CSFII

survey years is 3,855 (see Table A.2 in Appendix E, Part I). Caregivers reported ingestion of community

water at least once during the 2-day survey period for 3,422 children. Therefore, 89 percent of the

samples children in this age category are “consumers only.” On average, 349 mL/person/day of

community water is ingested by “consumers” only. An estimated 50 percent of these children ingest more

than 270 mL/person/day of community water. Since the estimated median (50 percent) is lower than the

estimated mean, this suggests that the distribution of per capita daily average community water ingestion

by “consumers only” contains some fairly high ingestion amounts. Table 5.2.A1 shows the estimated

90th and 95th percentiles from the empirical distribution of daily average per capita community water

ingestion by “consumers only” aged 1 to 3 years to be 723 mL/person/day and 946 mL/person/day,

respectively.

Per kilogram, children aged one to three years ingest, on average, 23 mL/kg/day of community

water. The estimated 90th percentile is 51 mL/kg/day. Table A.2 in Appendix E, Part II reports that the

estimated direct community water ingestion is 13 mL/kg/day while the estimated indirect mean ingestion

of community water is 10 mL/kg/day. “Consumers only” children who ingest community water at least

once during the 2-day survey period, on average, ingest 26 mL/kg/day.

5.1.e Children Ages 4 to 6 and 7 to 10, and Adolescents Ages 11 to 14 and 15 to 19

 On average, individuals in each of these four age categories ingest less than 1 L of community

water per day. The largest estimated mean ingestion for these four age categories is 761 mL/person/day

for adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. The largest sample of the four age categories is 3,202 for children

four to six years of age. These 4- to 6-year old children ingest, on average, 406 mL/person/day of
5-4

community water. Individuals aged 7 to 10 and 11 to 14 ingest, on average, 453 mL/person/day and 594

mL/person/day, respectively, of community water. Table 5.1.A1 present 90 percent confidence intervals

about the estimated means for each age category. The 90 percent confidence intervals about the estimated

means for the age categories 7 to 10, 11 to 14, and 15 to 19 do not overlap. This suggests that the

respective estimates of mean ingestion of 453 mL/person/day, 594 mL/person/day and 761

mL/person/day are statistically different. 

 The estimated 90th percentiles from the distributions of daily average per capita community water

ingestion are less than 1 L for children in the age groups 4 to 6 years and 7 to 10 years. These 90th

percentile ingestion estimates are 917 mL/person/day and 981 mL/person/day, respectively. The 90th

percentile ingestion estimates for adolescents in the age categories 11 to 14 years and 15 to 19 years both

exceed 1 L/person/day (see Table 5.1.A1).

“Consumers only” in the age categories 4 to 6 years and 7 to10 years ingest an average of 

approximately 35 mL/person/day more community water than the average ingested for all individuals in

their respective age groups. For example, “consumers only” children aged 7 to 10 years ingest community

water at an average rate of 487 mL/person/day, while the estimated mean ingestion for all children aged 7

to 10 years is 453 mL/person. “Consumers only” in the age category 11 to 14 years ingest an average of

47 mL/person/day more community water than the estimated mean for all individuals in their age

category. The estimated mean community water ingestion for “consumers only” in the age category 15 to

19 years is 56 mL/person/day higher than the mean for the age group. Table A.2 of Part I in Appendix E

suggests that individuals in these four age categories ingest more water, on average, directly as a beverage

than indirectly through food and drink.

Normalizing daily average per capita ingestion of community water by body weight yields an

estimated mean ingestion of 22 mL/kg/day for “consumers only” children aged 4 to 6 years. “Consumer

only” children aged 7 to 10 years ingest, on average, 16 mL/kg/day of community water. Mean estimates

of community water ingestion normalized by body weight are 13 mL/kg/day and 12 mL/kg/day for

“consumers only” adolescents in the age categories 11 to 14 and 15 to 19 years, respectively. 

“Consumers only” in these two age categories record the lowest mean daily average ingestion of

community water. The 90 percent confidence intervals about the estimated means for these two age

groups are lower than the 90 percent confidence interval about the mean community water ingestion

across all age categories of “consumers only” (see Table 5.2.A2). Estimated mean per capita ingestion of

community water by body weight, when all children in the age category are considered, displays a similar

pattern as “consumers only.” That is, as Table 5.1.A2 indicates, children aged 4 to 6 years ingest an

average of 20 mL/kg/day of community water, while the estimated mean ingestion for children 7 to 10

years is less, at 15 mL/kg/day. Again, adolescents in the age categories 11 to 14 years and 15 to 19 years

ingest, on average, the lowest mL/kg/day of community water of any of the age categories. 

5.2 Ingestion of Total Water (From All Sources)

The estimated mean total water ingestion (ingestion of water from all sources) for the general

population is 1.233 L/person/day (90 percent confidence interval is 1.200–1.265 L/person/day). The 90th

and 95th percentile of the distribution are 2.341 L/person/day and 2.908 L/person/day, respectively (see

Table 5.1.B1). Daily average per capita ingestion normalized by body weight across all individuals, on

average, is 21 mL/kg/day. The estimated mean ingestion of water across all sources is 5 mL/kg/day higher

than that of community water. Table B.2 in Part II of Appendix E suggests that 3 mL/kg/day of total

ingested water is ingested as bottled water. Estimates of daily average ingestion of water for infants,
5-5

children, and adolescents are discussed in more detail in Sections 5.2.a through 5.2.e. 

5.2.a Children Younger than 6 Months of Age

For babies younger than 6 months of age, the estimated mean ingestion of total water is 448

mL/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 410–487 mL/person/day). As shown in Table

5.1.B1, the 90th percentile and 95th percentile of ingestion are 957 mL/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap

interval is 946–993 mL/person/day) and 1.154 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is

1.070–1.204 L/person/day), respectively. The majority of daily water is ingested indirectly by children in

this age category. In other words, water is ingested indirectly through water added to foods and

rehydrated beverages. Table E.2 of Appendix E, Part I lists the estimated mean daily per capita direct

ingestion of water for children younger than 6 months of age as 42 mL/person/day. The estimated mean

daily average indirect ingestion of water through diluting formula and rehydrated beverages is 407

mL/person/day.

When estimates are calculated using only the data for children younger than 6 months whose

caregivers indicate that the infant ingested water at least once during the 2-day survey period (“consumers

only”), the estimated mean daily average ingestion of water from all sources is 596 mL/person/day. The

90 percent confidence interval about this estimated mean is 564–629 mL/person/day. Both the estimated

90th percentile and 95th percentile from the distribution of daily average per capita ingestion of water from

all sources for “consumers only” younger than 6 months of age exceed 1 L (1.022 L/person/day and 1.208

L/person/day, respectively), as shown in Table 5.2.B1.

Table 5.1.B2 illustrates that on average, infants younger than 6 months of age ingest 77

mL/kg/day of water from all sources. For “consumers only” younger than 6 months of age, the estimated

mean daily ingestion of water normalized by body weight is 104 mL/kg/day (see Table 5.2.B2). The 90

percent confidence interval about the estimated mean ingestion by children younger than 6 months ranges

from 70 mL/kg/day to 84 mL/kg/day. When estimates are based on “consumers only,” the 90 percent

confidence interval about the estimated mean ingestion ranges from 97 mL/kg/day to 110 mL/kg/day.

Since the confidence intervals do not overlap, the mean ingestion of water from all sources by the

“consumers only” group of children younger than 6 months of age is statistically higher than that for all

children younger than 6 months of age.

5.2.b Children Aged Six Months to One Year

For children aged 6 months to 1 year, the estimated mean ingestion of water from all sources is

530 mL/person/day. Table E.2 in Appendix E, Part I shows that, on average, children between the ages of

6 months and 1 year ingest 100 mL/person/day of water directly as a beverage and 430 mL/person/day

indirectly from water added to foods and beverages. 

Normalizing the amount of water ingested by body weight yields a mean ingestion estimate of

water from all sources of 59 mL/kg/day. The estimated 90th percentile from the distribution of daily

average per capita ingestion of water per kilogram of body weight is 118 mL/kg/day. The 90 percent

bootstrap interval about the percentile estimate ranges from 110 mL/kg/day to 125 mL/kg/day. “Consumers only” between the ages of 6 months and 1 year ingest an average of 567

mL/person/day. The 90 percent confidence interval about this mean ingestion estimate ranges from 533

mL/person/day to 601 mL/person/day (see Table 5.2.B1). Per kilogram of body weight, the average
5-6

ingestion of water from all sources by “consumers only” between the ages of 6 months to 1 year of age is

63 mL/kg/day. The 90th percentile estimate from the distribution of daily average per capita ingestion of

water from all sources is 1.05 L/person/day (see Table 5.2.B1), which averages 120 mL/kg/day (see Table

5.2.B2). 

5.2.c Children Younger than 2 Years of Age

The mean value of the daily total water ingestion for a child less than 2 years of age is 420

mL/person/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 406–434 mL/person/day). The estimated 90th

percentile and 95th percentile of total water ingestion are 900 mL/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap

interval is 878–925 mL/person/day) and 1.079 L/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is

1.047–1.120 L/person/day), respectively for children younger than 2 (see Table 5.1.B1). An estimated

mean of 140 mL/person/day of water from all sources is ingested directly as a beverage by children

younger than 2 years of age (see Table E.2 of Appendix E, Part I).

When normalized by body weight, children younger than 2 years of age ingest an average of 49

mL/kg/day of water. The 90 percent confidence interval about the mean ingestion estimate ranges from

47–50 ml/kg/day. The 90th percentile from the distribution of body weight normalized daily average per

capita ingestion of water is 117 mL/person/day, while the 95th percentile estimate is 150 mL/person/day

(see Table 5.1.B2).

Caregivers for 2,283 children younger than 2 years of age reported that the child ingested water at

least once during the 2-day CSFII period. The average ingestion of water from all sources for these

“consumers only” is 460 mL/person/day. The 90 percent confidence interval about the mean ingestion of

water by “consumers only” children younger than 2 years of age ranges from 445–475 mL/person/day

(see Table 5.2.B1). This estimated interval is higher than that for all children younger than two (see

Table 5.1.B1). Since the 90 percent confidence intervals about the means for all children younger than 2

and for “consumers only” younger than 2 do not overlap, this indicates that the “consumers only” ingest

more water on average per day. The 90th percentile estimate of daily average per capita ingestion of water

by children younger than 2 years of age is 936 mL/person/day for “consumers only.” The estimated mean

daily water ingestion normalized by body weight is 53 mL/kg/day for “consumers only” younger than 2

years of age. The estimated 90th percentile is 120 mL/person/day.

5.2.d Children 1 to 3 Years of Age

Children aged 1 to 3 years ingest an average of 424 mL/person/day of water from all sources.

This estimate is based on ingestion data reported by caregivers for 3,855 children. Since the majority

(3,811 or 99 percent) of these children ingested water at least once during the 2-day survey period, the

estimated mean ingestion of 428 mL/person/day for “consumers only” between the ages of 1 and 3 is not

statistically different from the 424 mL/person/day mean ingestion estimate for all children in the age

category. Similarly, the 90th percentile estimate from the distribution of daily average per capita ingestion

of water from all sources is 823 mL/person/day for all children between the ages of 1 and 3 years and 826

mL/person/day for “consumers only” in the age category. 

Children between the ages of 1 and 3 years ingest more water, on average, directly as a beverage

than indirectly through water added to foods and drinks. For this age group, the estimated mean direct

ingestion of water from all sources is 266 mL/person/day, while the mean estimate of water ingested

indirectly from foods and beverages is 157 mL/person/day. Table E.2 of Part I in Appendix E suggests
5-7

that this age category is the first where the mean daily average of direct ingestion is higher than that of

indirect ingestion. 

On a per kilogram of body weight basis, children between the ages of 1 and 3 years ingest an

average of 31 mL/kg/day, and the 90th percentile estimate is 60 mL/kg/day for all individuals or

“consumers only” (see Table 5.1.B2 and Table 5.2.B2). The 90 percent bootstrap interval about the 90th

percentile estimate ranges from 57–62 mL/kg/day for “consumers only” between the ages of 1 and 3 years

(see Table 5.2.B2). When all children of this age group are included, the 90 percent bootstrap interval

about the 90th percentile estimate ranges from 59–61 mL/kg/day (see Table 5.1.B2).

5.2.e Children Ages 4 to 6 and 7 to 10, and Adolescents Ages 11 to 14 and 15 to 19

The estimated 90th percentiles for daily average per capita ingestion of water from all sources

exceed 1 L for children in each of the following age categories: 4 to 6, 7 to 10, 11 to 14, and 15 to 19

years of age. For children in the youngest of these four age categories, the estimated 90th percentile

ingestion is 1,053 mL/person/day. The 90th percentile daily average ingestion of water from all sources

for adolescents aged 15 to 19 years is 1,894 mL/person/day. Since the 90 percent bootstrap intervals

about the 90th percentile estimates do not overlap, the 90th percentile estimates are considered to be

statistically different and increasing as the age categories increase (see Table 5.1.B1). 

 The estimated mean daily average ingestion of water from all sources for each of these four age

categories is less than 1 L/person/day. Children aged 4 to 6 years ingest an average of 545 mL

water/person/day. The 90 percent confidence interval about the mean ingestion estimate ranges from

523–567 mL/person/day. The mean daily water ingestion estimate for children aged 7 to 10 is 607

mL/person/day, while the mean ingestion for children aged 11 to 14 is significantly greater at 811

mL/person/day (see Table 5.1.B1). Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years ingest, on average, 991

mL/person/day. Children between the ages of 4 to 6 years of age ingest approximately 2.3 times more

water directly as a beverage than indirectly from water added to foods and drinks. Children in the age

categories 7 to 10 years and 11 to 14 years ingest water directly as a beverage at 2.5 times the rate that

they ingest water indirectly through foods and beverages. 

While daily average per capita water ingestion estimates increase as the ages of the four subject

age categories increase, body weight normalized ingestion estimates decrease. Table 5.1.B2 shows that

children between the ages of 4 and 6 years ingest an average of 27 mL/kg/day of water. The mean water

ingestion estimate for children between the ages of 7 and 10 is 20 mL/kg/day while the mean estimate for

adolescents between the ages of 11 and 14 years of age is 16 mL/kg/day. The estimated mean water

ingestion of 15 mL/kg/day for adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 years of age is the lowest

estimated mean ingestion rate of all age categories.

“Consumers only” between the ages of 15 to 19 years of age ingest an average of 1.007

L/person/day of water from all sources. The 90th percentile daily average water ingestion estimate for

“consumers only” in the 15 to 19 years of age category is 1.898 L/person/day (90 percent bootstrap

interval is between 1.817–2.026 L/person/day) (see Table 5.2.B1). The average ingestion rate of water

from all sources on a body weight basis is 15 mL/kg/day for “consumers only” between the ages of 15

and 19 years of age (see Table 5.2.B2). 

“Consumers only” between the ages of 4 to 6 years ingest a daily average mean of 28 mL of

water per kilogram of body weight (see Table 5.2.B2). On a per capita basis, “consumers only” aged 4 to
5-8

6 years ingest 549 mL/person/day of water from all sources. The estimated 90th percentiles from the

distribution of daily average per capita water ingestion are less than 2 L for “consumers only” in the age

categories 4 to 6, 7 to 10, 11 to 14, and 15 to 19 years of age (see Table 5.2.B1).

5.3 Water Ingestion Across Fine Age Groups

When viewing the estimates of all fine age categories (see Table 5.1.A1 and Table 5.2.A1), it is

clear that the water ingestion estimates across all individuals are influenced substantially by individuals

20 years of age and older. For categories of children that are younger than ten years of age, the

empirically estimated 90th percentiles of daily average community water ingestion are all less than 1 L per

child per day, regardless of whether all individuals or only the consumers are included (see Table 5.1.A1

and Table 5.2.A1). For individuals 20 and older the estimated 90th percentile estimate of community water

ingestion is 2.2 L per person per day.

Parts I and III of Appendix E present empirical distribution percentile estimates for daily average

per capita ingestion of community water ingested directly or indirectly. Table A.2 shows ingestion

estimates of community water for fine age groups. The estimated mean daily averages of community

water ingested directly by infants younger than 6 months and by those 6 months to 1 year of age are lower

than the estimated means of indirectly ingested community water. The estimated mean of directly

ingested water for children younger than 2 years of age is also less than that for indirectly ingested water.

This is intuitive as the infants and children younger than 1 year of age are consuming water which has

been added to reconstitute formula and juices. After these age groups, the mean directly ingested

community water is higher than the mean indirectly ingested for all other age groups with the exception of

the 55 to 64 age group.

The histograms presented in Figure 5.1.A1 suggest a “stair step” like increase in mean per capita

ingestion estimates for the three consecutive fine age categories from 7 to19 years of age. Table 5.1.A1

shows that the estimated mean ingestion of community water from children in the 7 to 10 age category is

453 mL/person/day. The estimated mean for the next age category (11 to 14 year of age) increases by

roughly 150 mL/person/day and the 15 to 19 year category ingests an estimated mean daily average

amount of community water that is also close to 150 mL higher than that of the 11 to14 year olds. The

same pattern is displayed in Figure 5.2.A1 and Table 5.2.A1 for “consumers only.”

The estimated mean daily average per capita ingestion for children from 6 months to 1 year of age

is 360 mL/person/day. This estimated mean ingestion is 64 mL/person/day higher than that for infants

younger than 6 months of age (296mL/person/day). The 90 percent confidence intervals about the

estimated mean daily average per capita ingestion for each of those two age groups do not overlap. This

suggests that the estimated means are statistically different. For “consumers only,” the estimated mean

ingestion by children 6 months to 1 year of age (467 mL/person/day) is lower than that for children

younger than 6 months of age (548 mL/person/day) by 81 mL/person/day. Again, the 90 percent

confidence intervals about the mean estimates do not overlap and the mean ingestion estimates are

considered statistically different (see Table 5.2.A1). When viewing the estimated percentiles of the

empirical distribution of “consumers only” aged 6 months to 1 year, all estimated percentiles except the

95th and 99th are lower for “consumers only” in the 6 months to 1 year of age cohort than the estimated

percentiles for consumers younger than 6 months (see Appendix E–Part III, Table A.2). The appendix

table illustrates that the percentiles of the distribution of indirect water ingestion is higher in the children

younger than 6 months whereas the direct ingestion is higher for the children 6 months to 1 year.
5-9

When all individuals are included, the mean ingestion of community water across all age

categories is 926 mL/person/day and the 90 percent confidence interval about the mean is 903–949

mL/person/day. The estimated 90th percentile of the daily water ingestion is 2.014 L. A 90 percent

bootstrap interval about the 90th percentile intake estimate is 1.996–2.048 L (see Table 5.1.A1). Mean

estimates of daily average per capita ingestion of both community water and total water are statistically

higher ( =0.10) for males than for females (see Tables 5.1.A1 and 5.1.B1). Gender means are not

statistically different for body weight normalized water ingestion estimates. 

For “consumers only,” the mean ingestion of community water across all age categories is 1

L/person/day, and the 90 percent confidence interval about the mean is 0.977–1.023 L. The estimated 90th

percentile of daily community water ingestion is 2.069 L and a 90 percent bootstrap interval about the 90th

percentile intake estimate is 2.026–2.130 L (see Table 5.2.A1).

Normalizing daily average per capita ingestion by body weight reverses the ranking of per capita

ingestion. When all individuals are included in the estimates, the lowest group mean and upper percentile

estimates of daily average per capita ingestion from community water (reported per kilogram of body

weight) is for individuals aged 15 to 19 years old (see Table 5.1.A2 and Table A.2 in Part II of Appendix

E), and the highest is for individuals younger than 6 months (see Table 5.1.A2 and Figure 5.1.A2). 

Adults 20 years and older have a mean daily average per capita ingestion of 15 mL/kg/day, and

children less than 2 years of age have a mean daily average per capita ingestion of 34 mL/kg/day (see

Table 5.1.A2). This pattern is similar for “consumers only” (see Table 5.2.A2). Thus, based on per

kilogram body weight, children younger than 2 years of age ingest approximately two to three times the

estimated amount of community water as an average adult 20 years or older. 

5.4 Gender Comparison of Community Water Ingestion For Fine Age Categories

Mean daily average per capita ingestion of community water is statistically higher for females

(394 mL/person/day) between 6 months and 1 year of age than for males (325mL/person/day) in that age

category. This relationship is true for both per capita daily ingestion and body weight normalized

ingestion. Females younger than 2 years of age ingest more community water (314 mL/person/day), on

average, than their male cohorts (282 mL/person/day). The mean daily average ingestion of community

water by males in the age categories 11 to 14 years and 15 to 19 is statistically higher than the mean

ingestion by females in their age cohorts. When mean ingestion estimates are normalized by body

weight, the amount of community water ingested per day no longer is statistically different for individuals

between the ages of 15 to 19 years. Estimates of mean daily average per capita ingestion of community

water do not differ statistically between genders at the =0.10 level for the following age categories:

infants younger than 6 months of age, children between the ages of 1 and 3 years and 4 to 6 years.

5.4.a Children Younger than 6 Months of Age by Gender

 Females younger than 6 months of age ingest an average of 301 mL/person/day of community

water while the males in the age same cohort ingest an average of 291 mL/person/day. However, Table

5.1.A1 shows that the 90 percent confidence intervals about the estimated means by gender overlap. This

overlapping of confidence intervals about the estimated gender means suggests that mean daily average

ingestion of community water is not statistically different between genders for infants that are younger

than 6 months of age. When “consumers only” younger than 6 months of age are considered, the

estimated mean ingestion of community water by females (539 mL/person/day) is lower than that by
5-10

males (558 mL/person/day), but the means are not significantly different (see Table 5.2.A1). 

Table 5.1.A1 lists the estimated 90th percentile from the distribution of community water

ingestion by females as 851 mL/person/day with a 90 percent bootstrap interval estimate about the 90th

percentile ranging from 815 mL to 891 mL/person day. For males younger than 6 months of age, the

estimated 90th percentile from the distribution of daily average per capita community water ingestion is

875 mL/person/day (the 90 percent bootstrap interval is 856–891 mL/person/day). The estimated 90th

percentile from the distribution of community water ingestion by “consumers only” females younger than

6 months of age is 961mL/person/day, while the estimated 90th percentile for the male “consumers only”

age cohort is 992 mL/person/day (see Table 5.2.A1).

 When daily average per capita ingestion of community water is normalized by body weight,

females younger than 6 months of age ingest an average of 54 mL/kg/day while males ingest an average

of 47 mL/kg/day. The average daily per capita ingestion of community water across gender for infants

younger than six months of age is 50 mL/kg/day (see Table 5.1.A2). The estimated 90th percentile of

community water ingestion by females younger than 6 months of age is 156 mL/kg/day while that for

males is 139 mL/kg/day. If “consumers only” younger than 6 months are considered, the estimated 90th

percentile is 191 mL/kg/day for females and 170 mL/kg/day for males (see Table 5.2.A2). Estimated

gender means for “consumers only” infants younger than 6 months are 98 mL/kg/day and 91 mL/kg/day

for females and males, respectively. 

5.4.b Children Aged 6 Months to 1 Year by Gender

 Females between the ages of 6 months and 1 year of age (394 mL/person/day) ingest, on average,

more community water than their male cohorts (325 mL/person/day). The gender means for this age

category are statistically different at the =0.10 level. “Consumers only” females in the age group ingest

statistically higher amounts of community water per day, on average, than their male cohort (see Table

5.2.A1). The estimated 90th percentile from the distribution of daily average per capita community water

ingestion is 979 mL/person/day by “consumers only” females and 959 mL/person/day for “consumers

only” males.

Body weight normalized amounts of community water ingested per day produce statistically

higher means (47 mL/kg/day) for females than for males (35 mL/kg/day). Mean estimates of body weight

normalized ingestion of community water are statistically higher for “consumers only” females (59

mL/kg/day) than for “consumers only” males in the same age cohort (47 mL/kg/day). 

5.4.c Children Younger than 2 Years of Age by Gender

Females younger than 2 years of age ingest a higher average amount of community water per day

than males in the same age group. This is true using estimates using all the individuals of the given

gender in the age category and using estimates produced using “consumers only.” The estimated mean

community water ingestion by all females younger than 2 years of age is 314 mL/person/day, while males

ingest an average of 282 mL/person/day. The estimated 90th percentiles from the distribution of average

daily per capita ingestion of community water are 797 mL/person/day and 783 mL/person/day for females

and males, respectively. The body weight normalized mean ingestion estimate for females younger than 2

years of age is 38 mL/kg/day, while the estimated ingestion by the male cohort is 31 mL/kg/day. For

“consumers only” females younger than 2 years of age, the estimated mean community water ingestion is

397 mL/person/day or 47 mL/kg/day. The 90th percentile ingestion estimates for female “consumers
5-11

only” younger than 2 years of age are 852 mL/person/day and 114 mL/kg/day. For male “consumers

only” younger than 2 years of age, the estimated mean ingestion of community water is 375

mL/person/day or 41 mL/kg/day, while the estimated 90th percentile ingestion amount is 858

mL/person/day or 101 mL/kg/day.

5.4.d Children Aged One to Three Years by Gender

Mean community water ingestion estimates do not differ statistically by gender for children

between 1 to 3 years of age. This is true whether mean estimates are evaluated by gender for all

individuals within the age category (see Table 5.1.A1) or for just “consumers only” (see Table 5.2.A1).

Body weight normalized mean community water ingestion by females between the ages of 1 and 3 years

is 24 mL/kg/day with a 90 percent confidence interval about this mean estimate ranging from 23

mL/kg/day to 25 mL/kg/day. For males between the ages of 1 to 3 years, the estimated mean ingestion of

community water is 21 mL/kg/day (the 90 percent confidence interval is 20–23 mL/kg/day). For

“consumers only” in this age category, body weight normalized community water ingestion is 27

mL/kg/day for females and 24 mL/kg/day for males. The 90 percent confidence intervals about the weight

normalized means for the genders overlap indicating that there is insufficient evidence at the =0.10 level

to declare these means to be different.

5.4.e Children Ages 4 to 6 and 7 to 10, and Adolescents Ages 11 to 14 and 15 to 19 by Gender

Mean ingestion of community water does not differ by gender for children in the age categories

of 4 to 6 years or 7 to 10 years of age. However, mean daily per capita ingestion of community water is

statistically higher for males than for females in the age groups 11 to 14 years of age and 15 to 19 years of

age (see Table 5.1.A1 and Figure 5.1.A1). Mean ingestion estimates do not differ statistically by gender

for any of the four age categories when estimates are normalized by body weight (see Table 5.1.A2).

Mean community water ingestion by male “consumers only” is statistically higher than that by 

female “consumers only” in the age categories of 11 to 14 years and 15 to 19 years. The estimated mean

ingestion by male “consumers only” between the ages of 15 and 19 years is 928 mL/person/day while the

estimated mean for female “consumers only” aged 15 to 19 is 699 mL/person/day (see Table 5.2.A1 and

Figure 5.2.A1). The body weight normalized mean community water ingestion estimate for female

“consumers only” aged 15 to 19 years does not differ statistically from that of male “consumers only” in

the age cohort.

5.5 Gender Comparison of Total Water ( From all Sources) Ingestion For Fine Age Categories

Daily averages per capita of total water ingestion for males 11 to 14 and 15 to 19 years of age are 

statistically higher, on average, than those for females of their respective age cohorts. The difference is

observed at the =0.10 level for both “all individuals” and “consumers only” estimates. There is no

statistical difference in means between genders when daily average per capita ingestion is normalized by

body weight. No other statistically significant differences were observed between genders for mean total

water ingestion estimates within the fine age categories of children and adolescents. 

5.5.a Children Younger than Six Months of Age by Gender

Mean daily average ingestion of total water does not differ statistically between females and

males when all individuals younger than 6 months of age are considered (see Table 5.1.B1). This is also
5-12

true for mean ingestion estimates normalized by body weight (see Table 5.1.B2). When “consumers

only” younger than 6 months of age are considered, means of total water ingestion and body weight

normalized ingestion means do not differ statistically between genders at the =0.10 level.

5.5.b Children Aged Six Months to One Year by Gender

No statistically significant differences in mean estimates of total water ingestion by children aged

6 months to 1 year were observed between gender. Females ingest, on average, 538 mL/person/day of

water from all sources, while their male cohorts ingest an mean of 521 mL/person/day of water from all

sources (see Table 5.1.B1). Notice that gender mean estimates of community water ingestion were

statistically different between genders for children in this age category (see Section 5.4.b). The estimated

mean community water ingestion by females between 6 months to 1 year of age is 394 mL/person/day. 

Mean daily community water ingestion for males in the age cohort is 325 mL/person/day (see Table

5.1.A1). Table B.2 in Appendix E Part I lists the mean daily average ingestion of bottled water as 110

mL/person/day and 130 mL/person/day for females and males, respectively. Mean ingestion estimates of

water from other sources such as wells and cisterns are 32 mL/person/day and 59 mL/person/day for

females and males, respectively in the age category (see Appendix E, Part I, Table C.2). This data suggest

that males between 6 months and 1 year of age ingest more water per day from noncommunity sources

than do their female cohorts. 

5.5.c Children Younger than 2 Years of Age by Gender

Estimated means of daily average per capita ingestion of water from all sources do not differ

statistically at the =0.10 level by gender for children younger than 2 years of age. No statistical

difference was detected between genders for both the “all individuals” and “consumers only” ingestion

mean estimates. When daily average per capita ingestion of water from all sources is normalized by body

weight, the estimated means by gender for all individuals younger than 2 years of age are marginally

nonsignificant. The 90 percent confidence interval about the mean estimate of ingestion by females ranges

from 49 to 53 mL/kg/day while the 90 percent confidence interval about the estimated daily average

ingestion by males younger than 2 years of age is 43 to 49 (see Table 5.1.B2). Body weight normalized

mean ingestion estimates do not differ statistically by gender for “consumers only” younger than 2 years

of age.

5.5.d Children Aged One to Three Years by Gender

Mean ingestion of water from all sources do not differ statistically for children between the ages

of 1 and 3 years. This is true when the 90 percent confidence interval about the female mean ingestion

estimate is compared to the 90 percent confidence interval about the male ingestion mean estimate for “all

individuals,” “consumers only,” and body-weight normalized “consumers only” between 1 and 3 years of

age. The difference between body weight normalized ingestion means by gender are marginally

nonsignificant when all individuals between the ages of 1 and 3 years are used in the estimation

procedure. This pattern is similar to that described for children younger than 2 years of age (see Section

5.5.c). 

5.5.e Children Ages 4 to 6 and 7 to 10, and Adolescents Ages 11 to 14 and 15 to 19 by Gender

Daily average per capita ingestion of water from all sources (total water) is higher, on average,

for males than for females in the age categories of 11 to 14 years and 15 to 19 years. This is true for
5-13

estimates from “all individual” and “consumers only.” Mean daily average total water ingestion estimates

for “all individuals” and “consumers only” do not differ statistically by gender at the =0.10 level for

children 4 to 6 or 7 to 10 years of age (see Tables 5.1.B1 and 5.2.B1). If normalized by body weight, the

means are not statistically different by gender (see Tables 5.1.B2 and 5.2.B2). However, for children

aged 11 to 14 years, the nonsignificance between gender means is marginal. The 90 percent confidence

interval about the mean daily average total water ingestion by males in this age category ranges from

16–20 mL/kg/day, while the range for the confidence interval about the female mean ingestion estimate is

14–16 mL/kg/day. This marginal nonsignificance is true for both “all individual” and “consumers only”

estimates. Ninety percent confidence intervals about estimated body weight normalized water ingestion

gender means overlap to a larger extent for children between the ages of 4 to 6, 7 to 10, and 15 to 19. 
5-14 1

 Table 5.1.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 397 969,255 301 267 335 851 815 891 1,004* 950* 1,068*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 394 356 431 889 860 1,008 1,050* 1,032* 1,102*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 314 296 333 797 752 837 984 918 1,008

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 316 299 333 705 661 737 936 855 978

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 394 366 422 877 828 937 1,146 1,043 1,269

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 343 330 356 800 772 820 982 957 1,017

 7-10 526 7,360,077 430 391 468 976 948 1,003 1,143 1,123 1,253

 11-14 411 7,842,774 525 480 570 1,193 1,075 1,297 1,546 1,297 1,746

 15-19 414 8,653,223 653 588 718 1,478 1,283 1,583 1,864 1,578 2,332

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 1,039 1,005 1,072 2,126 2,041 2,196 2,652 2,542 2,773

 20-24 348 9,493,971 911 777 1,046 1,907 1,753 2,023 2,839 2,366 3,077

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 1,023 991 1,054 2,139 2,086 2,215 2,761 2,605 2,839

 55-64 767 11,601,536 1,117 1,036 1,198 2,189 2,116 2,269 2,570 2,485 2,678

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 1,108 1,044 1,171 2,052 2,010 2,130 2,429 2,315 2,604

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 879 854 903 1,932 1,870 1,995 2,419 2,318 2,485

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-15 2

 Table 5.1.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 375 988,135 291 252 330 875 856 891 1,009* 946* 1,052*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 325 284 367 876 798 955 1,066* 992* 1,217*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 282 262 301 783 721 850 953 878 1,011

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 306 290 321 684 658 714 881 829 945

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 419 400 438 955 876 1,001 1,154 1,085 1,232

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 342 330 354 804 781 834 1,030 992 1,066

 7-10 574 8,042,450 474 440 508 984 924 1,049 1,244 1,143 1,464

 11-14 405 7,722,366 665 595 734 1,541 1,403 1,648 1,940 1,664 1,994

 15-19 411 9,335,573 861 770 952 1,781 1,658 1,900 2,194 2,026 3,363

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 1,162 1,125 1,199 2,337 2,296 2,388 2,935 2,843 3,106

 20-24 338 9,229,169 1,039 854 1,224 2,297 1,925 2,925 3,365 2,514 3,711

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 1,182 1,141 1,224 2,366 2,301 2,453 3,027 2,840 3,220

 55-64 777 9,588,910 1,172 1,095 1,249 2,306 2,241 2,453 2,808 2,703 2,960

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 1,153 1,091 1,214 2,225 2,158 2,288 2,624 2,572 2,724

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 975 944 1,006 2,113 2,057 2,153 2,660 2,590 2,740

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-16 3

 Table 5.1.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 772 1,957,390 296 263 329 859 851 878 1,012 950 1,028

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 360 329 392 885 834 944 1,055 1,008 1,181

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 298 283 312 789 747 824 972 936 993

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 311 297 324 694 675 712 924 879 953

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 406 387 426 917 875 949 1,150 1,092 1,230

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 342 332 353 802 775 828 1,008 976 1,030

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 453 420 485 981 926 1,024 1,202 1,132 1,279

 11-14 816 15,565,140 594 546 642 1,365 1,235 1,494 1,717 1,611 1,882

 15-19 825 17,988,796 761 698 823 1,610 1,549 1,775 2,063 1,843 2,518

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 1,098 1,068 1,127 2,224 2,178 2,285 2,801 2,707 2,869

 20-24 686 18,723,140 974 873 1,076 2,036 1,893 2,332 3,041 2,848 3,312

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 1,102 1,073 1,131 2,271 2,197 2,325 2,863 2,812 2,977

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 1,142 1,077 1,207 2,247 2,174 2,345 2,679 2,604 2,740

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 1,127 1,073 1,180 2,139 2,103 2,186 2,551 2,500 2,637

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 926 903 949 2,014 1,996 2,048 2,544 2,500 2,584

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 11:59 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_51A1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
5-17 4

 Table 5.1.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 383 935,936 54 46 62 156 141 173 197* 183* 224*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 47 41 52 107 101 117 129* 124* 170*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 38 35 40 104 98 110 132 125 144

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 24 23 25 54 51 56 69 63 73

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 20 19 21 46 45 48 59 55 66

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 27 26 28 63 59 67 91 87 98

 7-10 491 6,895,811 14 13 16 32 31 34 39 36 42

 11-14 398 7,660,943 11 10 11 25 22 26 28* 26* 30*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 11 10 12 25 22 28 33 29 38

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 16 15 16 33 31 33 40 39 41

 20-24 340 9,230,121 14 12 16 31 30 34 38 34 41

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 15 15 16 33 32 33 41 39 44

 55-64 741 11,126,465 16 15 18 33 32 34 40 38 42

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 17 16 18 33 31 35 38 36 40

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 16 16 17 33 33 34 43 42 45

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-18 5

 Table 5.1.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 361 954,525 47 39 54 139 137 148 172* 160* 191*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 35 31 39 95 83 108 122* 113* 127*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 31 28 33 87 84 94 118 113 126

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 21 20 23 49 47 52 62 59 66

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 21 20 22 45 42 49 61 55 68

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 25 23 26 59 55 62 82 79 86

 7-10 537 7,645,200 15 14 16 33 29 35 40 36 45

 11-14 392 7,522,213 13 12 15 28 25 33 40* 34* 45*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 12 11 13 25 23 26 32 29 34

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 14 14 15 29 29 30 37 36 38

 20-24 336 9,172,756 13 11 15 29 24 34 39 29 45

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 14 14 15 29 28 31 39 37 40

 55-64 775 9,564,795 14 13 15 28 27 29 33 32 35

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 15 14 16 29 28 31 33 32 36

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 15 15 16 31 31 32 41 39 43

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-19 6

 Table 5.1.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 744 1,890,461 50 44 56 146 138 161 189 162 205

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 41 37 45 102 99 112 126 119 130

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 34 32 36 97 91 101 126 119 132

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 23 22 24 51 49 53 65 63 69

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 20 20 21 46 44 47 60 57 64

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 26 25 27 60 59 63 87 83 89

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 15 14 16 32 31 34 39 36 43

 11-14 790 15,183,156 12 11 13 26 24 27 34 30 38

 15-19 816 17,825,164 12 11 12 25 23 28 32 29 37

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 15 15 15 31 31 31 39 38 39

 20-24 676 18,402,877 14 12 15 31 25 33 38 35 45

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 15 14 15 31 30 32 40 39 41

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 15 14 16 31 29 32 38 36 39

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 16 15 17 31 31 32 37 36 37

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 16 15 16 32 32 33 43 41 44

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:32 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_51A2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
5-20 7

 Table 5.1.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 397 969,255 427 381 473 946 896 963 1,073* 1,024* 1,177*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 538 492 584 1,009 969 1,056 1,316* 1,195* 1,485*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 422 406 439 898 857 951 1,074 1,023 1,177

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 424 405 444 828 785 879 1,031 976 1,099

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 532 502 561 995 955 1,078 1,276 1,254 1,409

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 464 448 480 918 890 941 1,110 1,076 1,156

 7-10 526 7,360,077 599 558 640 1,083 1,022 1,147 1,342 1,242 1,449

 11-14 411 7,842,774 730 672 789 1,415 1,297 1,538 1,797 1,639 1,882

 15-19 414 8,653,223 904 826 982 1,803 1,568 1,930 2,128 1,930 2,455

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 1,383 1,348 1,419 2,413 2,375 2,471 2,925 2,835 2,994

 20-24 348 9,493,971 1,195 1,051 1,339 2,019 1,837 2,105 3,140 2,848 4,089

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 1,386 1,343 1,429 2,477 2,416 2,519 3,023 2,957 3,127

 55-64 767 11,601,536 1,497 1,437 1,557 2,475 2,388 2,576 2,851 2,685 2,990

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 1,402 1,356 1,447 2,224 2,160 2,337 2,551 2,488 2,664

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 1,176 1,148 1,204 2,215 2,167 2,285 2,700 2,633 2,789

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-21 8

 Table 5.1.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 375 988,135 469 422 517 979 947 1,026 1,233* 1,095* 1,351*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 521 481 561 1,054 996 1,100 1,276* 1,260* 1,358*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 418 396 439 901 864 963 1,081 1,020 1,183

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 423 406 440 810 775 850 1,025 963 1,088

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 559 538 580 1,076 1,053 1,113 1,305 1,241 1,351

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 476 461 491 952 927 980 1,148 1,116 1,195

 7-10 574 8,042,450 614 578 650 1,134 1,054 1,227 1,466 1,293 1,480

 11-14 405 7,722,366 893 801 985 1,737 1,639 1,955 2,121 1,974 2,483

 15-19 411 9,335,573 1,071 986 1,156 1,985 1,873 2,095 2,674 2,496 3,700

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 1,542 1,494 1,591 2,738 2,657 2,788 3,517 3,383 3,691

 20-24 338 9,229,169 1,348 1,175 1,521 2,807 2,332 3,387 3,669 3,019 4,259

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 1,576 1,510 1,641 2,812 2,725 2,914 3,771 3,575 3,986

 55-64 777 9,588,910 1,568 1,503 1,633 2,676 2,560 2,839 3,174 3,009 3,366

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 1,518 1,473 1,563 2,508 2,395 2,587 2,837 2,752 3,008

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 1,292 1,250 1,334 2,478 2,425 2,522 3,138 3,032 3,263

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-22 9

 Table 5.1.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 772 1,957,390 448 410 487 957 946 993 1,154 1,070 1,204

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 530 496 563 1,029 981 1,100 1,278 1,142 1,385

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 420 406 434 900 878 925 1,079 1,047 1,120

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 424 409 439 823 805 839 1,029 1,000 1,065

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 545 523 567 1,053 1,032 1,078 1,303 1,259 1,351

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 470 456 484 937 910 951 1,132 1,104 1,167

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 607 575 639 1,129 1,024 1,164 1,418 1,294 1,468

 11-14 816 15,565,140 811 744 878 1,622 1,549 1,742 1,961 1,841 2,002

 15-19 825 17,988,796 991 929 1,053 1,894 1,806 2,015 2,385 2,177 2,668

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 1,460 1,422 1,498 2,549 2,510 2,602 3,194 3,036 3,313

 20-24 686 18,723,140 1,271 1,170 1,371 2,506 2,233 2,848 3,608 2,978 4,259

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 1,480 1,429 1,531 2,631 2,546 2,759 3,333 3,195 3,492

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 1,529 1,477 1,581 2,557 2,485 2,631 2,997 2,901 3,092

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 1,451 1,412 1,489 2,323 2,279 2,388 2,708 2,632 2,760

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 1,233 1,200 1,265 2,341 2,303 2,377 2,908 2,812 2,975

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 13:34 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_51B1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
5-23 10

 Table 5.1.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 383 935,936 79 70 88 184 170 191 221* 204* 247*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 62 55 68 118 112 128 167* 132* 171*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 51 49 53 123 118 130 164 146 171

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 32 30 33 61 58 66 80 72 85

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 27 26 28 52 50 54 66 63 69

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 37 35 38 78 75 82 109 102 117

 7-10 491 6,895,811 20 19 21 36 34 39 45 43 47

 11-14 398 7,660,943 15 14 16 28 26 30 36* 32* 38*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 15 14 16 29 28 32 37 33 42

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 21 20 21 37 36 37 45 44 47

 20-24 340 9,230,121 19 17 21 33 32 35 42 35 74

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 21 20 22 38 36 40 47 45 49

 55-64 741 11,126,465 22 21 23 38 37 39 43 42 44

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 22 21 22 35 34 37 41 39 45

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 22 21 22 39 38 39 50 48 52

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-24 11

 Table 5.1.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 361 954,525 75 65 85 163 159 174 214* 197* 224*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 56 51 60 113 106 124 134* 131* 145*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 46 43 49 110 103 117 139 131 150

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 30 29 31 58 54 63 72 68 81

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 28 27 29 54 51 56 68 64 73

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 35 34 36 74 70 79 100 93 104

 7-10 537 7,645,200 19 18 21 36 35 38 45 43 50

 11-14 392 7,522,213 18 16 20 37 33 40 44* 41* 49*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 15 14 16 28 26 29 39 34 44

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 19 18 19 34 33 35 43 42 44

 20-24 336 9,172,756 17 15 19 35 29 39 45 36 53

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 19 18 20 35 34 38 45 44 46

 55-64 775 9,564,795 19 18 20 32 31 33 39 36 41

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 19 19 20 32 31 33 37 35 37

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 20 20 21 38 37 38 50 48 51

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-25 12

 Table 5.1.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 744 1,890,461 77 70 84 174 164 189 216 201 227

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 59 54 63 118 110 125 148 134 166

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 49 47 50 117 114 120 150 145 158

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 31 30 32 60 59 61 75 71 81

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 27 26 28 53 51 55 68 63 70

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 36 35 37 76 74 78 104 101 108

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 20 19 21 36 35 38 45 43 48

 11-14 790 15,183,156 16 15 18 32 29 35 40 38 43

 15-19 816 17,825,164 15 14 16 29 27 32 38 34 42

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 20 19 20 35 35 36 44 43 45

 20-24 676 18,402,877 18 17 19 34 31 35 44 39 55

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 20 19 21 37 36 38 46 45 47

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 20 20 21 35 34 36 42 41 43

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 21 20 21 34 34 35 39 37 41

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 21 20 21 38 38 39 50 48 51

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 13:45 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_51B2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
5-26 13

 Table 5.2.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 221 541,386 539 504 573 961 815 891 1,123* 950* 1,068*

 0.5-0.9 295 753,273 497 452 543 979 860 1,008 1,097* 1,032* 1,102*

 <2 984 3,125,870 397 375 418 852 752 837 1,015 918 1,008

 1-3 1,704 5,364,721 351 333 369 735 661 737 947 855 978

 4-6 1,428 5,637,463 433 402 464 909 828 937 1,177 1,043 1,269

 <6 3,401 10,350,854 395 379 411 829 772 820 1,022 957 1,017

 7-10 495 6,947,469 455 415 495 987 948 1,003 1,161 1,123 1,253

 11-14 379 7,171,981 574 526 623 1,216 1,075 1,297 1,564* 1,297* 1,746*

 15-19 389 8,082,546 699 626 772 1,519 1,283 1,583 1,927* 1,578* 2,332*

 20 + 4,227 89,385,243 1,116 1,084 1,148 2,165 2,041 2,196 2,711 2,542 2,773

 20-24 326 8,994,955 962 819 1,104 1,943 1,753 2,023 2,909 2,366 3,077

 25-54 2,240 53,328,911 1,092 1,061 1,124 2,196 2,086 2,215 2,823 2,605 2,839

 55-64 698 10,624,269 1,220 1,151 1,289 2,248 2,116 2,269 2,607 2,485 2,678

 65 + 963 16,437,108 1,210 1,154 1,267 2,121 2,010 2,130 2,520 2,315 2,604

 All ages 9,138 123,884,082 950 925 975 2,004 1,932 2,040 2,483 2,419 2,583

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-27 14

 Table 5.2.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 214 515,857 558 517 598 992 856 891 1,169* 946* 1,052*

 0.5-0.9 267 683,784 435 391 478 959 798 955 1,162* 992* 1,217*

 <2 929 3,050,967 375 353 396 858 721 850 1,009 878 1,011

 1-3 1,718 5,646,374 347 330 364 710 658 714 943 829 945

 4-6 1,488 5,714,724 451 432 469 980 876 1,001 1,175 1,085 1,232

 <6 3,406 10,686,487 400 388 412 851 781 834 1,073 992 1,066

 7-10 532 7,379,967 516 478 554 1,007 924 1,049 1,291 1,143 1,464

 11-14 380 7,260,626 707 637 777 1,555 1,403 1,648 1,963* 1,664* 1,994*

 15-19 388 8,662,413 928 835 1,020 1,810 1,658 1,900 2,318* 2,026* 3,363*

 20 + 4,384 82,703,542 1,242 1,207 1,277 2,387 2,296 2,388 3,016 2,843 3,106

 20-24 318 8,663,072 1,107 924 1,290 2,338 1,925 2,925 3,444 2,514 3,711

 25-54 2,359 53,450,658 1,250 1,204 1,296 2,403 2,301 2,453 3,146 2,840 3,220

 55-64 712 8,859,843 1,268 1,200 1,337 2,397 2,241 2,453 2,911 2,703 2,960

 65 + 995 11,729,969 1,286 1,235 1,336 2,268 2,158 2,288 2,648 2,572 2,724

 All ages 9,371 118,567,287 1,053 1,022 1,084 2,164 2,130 2,197 2,734 2,607 2,816

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-28 15

 Table 5.2.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 435 1,057,243 548 520 576 985 918 1,052 1,139 1,028 1,296

 0.5-0.9 562 1,437,057 467 436 499 971 944 996 1,147 1,067 1,280

 <2 1,913 6,176,837 386 370 402 856 838 880 1,014 987 1,043

 1-3 3,422 11,011,095 349 335 363 723 687 745 946 901 978

 4-6 2,916 11,352,187 442 421 463 943 908 1,001 1,176 1,099 1,290

 <6 6,807 21,037,341 398 386 409 842 822 853 1,051 1,024 1,067

 7-10 1,027 14,327,436 487 454 520 993 954 1,084 1,241 1,134 1,425

 11-14 759 14,432,607 641 593 689 1,415 1,297 1,550 1,742 1,579 1,974

 15-19 777 16,744,959 817 751 883 1,671 1,538 1,782 2,161 1,988 2,347

 20 + 8,611 172,088,785 1,176 1,148 1,204 2,284 2,244 2,338 2,848 2,781 2,958

 20-24 644 17,658,027 1,033 930 1,136 2,175 2,011 2,366 3,082 3,019 3,448

 25-54 4,599 106,779,569 1,171 1,140 1,203 2,326 2,256 2,368 2,926 2,839 3,094

 55-64 1,410 19,484,112 1,242 1,190 1,293 2,297 2,230 2,427 2,721 2,631 2,948

 65 + 1,958 28,167,077 1,242 1,198 1,285 2,190 2,152 2,228 2,604 2,545 2,654

 All ages 18,509 242,451,369 1,000 977 1,023 2,069 2,026 2,130 2,601 2,528 2,707

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:16 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_52A1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
5-29 16

 Table 5.2.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 212 517,858 98 90 106 191 174 212 231* 212* 236*

 0.5-0.9 279 713,199 59 52 65 117 108 127 152* 129* 171*

 <2 938 2,986,116 47 45 50 114 109 119 144 137 161

 1-3 1,601 5,050,852 27 25 28 56 54 58 72 69 75

 4-6 1,325 5,230,894 22 21 23 47 46 49 61 58 65

 <6 3,192 9,741,756 31 30 33 69 65 75 98 92 104

 7-10 460 6,483,203 15 14 17 32 30 34 39 38 45

 11-14 368 7,028,816 12 11 13 26 23 26 29* 28* 33*

 15-19 384 8,008,312 12 11 13 26 22 29 34* 29* 37*

 20 + 4,099 86,643,885 17 16 17 33 33 34 41 39 42

 20-24 320 8,789,651 15 13 17 32 30 33 38 35 40

 25-54 2,167 51,617,594 16 16 17 33 32 35 42 39 45

 55-64 673 10,176,050 18 17 19 34 32 37 41 38 43

 65 + 939 16,060,590 18 18 19 34 32 35 39 38 40

 All ages 8,728 119,677,019 17 17 18 34 34 35 45 43 46

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-30 17

 Table 5.2.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 202 489,271 91 83 100 170 150 202 210* 174* 224*

 0.5-0.9 255 653,007 47 42 52 107 95 113 127* 119* 128*

 <2 890 2,924,738 41 38 44 101 96 107 129 121 137

 1-3 1,629 5,380,230 24 23 26 51 49 53 65 60 68

 4-6 1,390 5,386,416 23 22 24 46 43 51 64 58 69

 <6 3,218 10,151,405 29 28 30 64 61 67 88 83 93

 7-10 496 6,996,362 17 15 18 33 32 36 41 38 49

 11-14 368 7,073,951 14 13 16 30 27 33 42* 37* 45*

 15-19 387 8,648,018 13 12 14 25 23 26 32* 29* 32*

 20 + 4,360 82,313,478 15 15 16 30 28 31 38 36 39

 20-24 317 8,636,476 14 12 16 30 27 33 41 35 47

 25-54 2,345 53,199,354 15 15 16 30 29 31 39 38 41

 55-64 710 8,835,728 15 14 16 28 28 31 34 33 37

 65 + 988 11,641,920 16 16 17 30 29 31 34 33 36

 All ages 9,087 116,940,733 16 16 17 32 32 33 43 41 44

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-31 18

 Table 5.2.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 414 1,007,129 95 89 100 184 168 204 221 212 259

 0.5-0.9 534 1,366,206 53 49 57 112 105 124 129 127 142

 <2 1,828 5,910,854 44 43 46 109 99 113 137 125 145

 1-3 3,230 10,431,082 26 25 27 53 51 56 68 65 73

 4-6 2,715 10,617,310 22 21 23 47 46 49 63 59 66

 <6 6,410 19,893,161 30 29 31 67 65 69 93 91 97

 7-10 956 13,479,565 16 15 17 33 32 35 40 38 45

 11-14 736 14,102,767 13 12 14 27 26 29 36 32 38

 15-19 771 16,656,330 12 11 13 26 24 27 32 31 35

 20 + 8,459 168,957,363 16 16 16 32 31 33 39 38 41

 20-24 637 17,426,127 15 13 16 31 29 33 39 36 45

 25-54 4,512 104,816,948 16 15 16 32 31 32 40 39 42

 55-64 1,383 19,011,778 17 16 17 32 30 33 38 35 40

 65 + 1,927 27,702,510 18 17 18 32 31 32 37 37 38

 All ages 17,815 236,617,752 17 16 17 33 33 34 44 43 45

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 14:31 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_52A2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
5-32 19

 Table 5.2.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 303 729,376 567 523 611 1,004 957 1,046 1,161* 1,121* 1,177*

 0.5-0.9 345 896,191 571 525 617 1,029 969 1,102 1,356* 1,195* 1,495*

 <2 1,160 3,614,742 461 443 478 923 886 974 1,122 1,067 1,188

 1-3 1,884 5,893,820 428 409 448 829 805 877 1,032 993 1,099

 4-6 1,567 6,148,919 535 506 565 999 954 1,091 1,282 1,253 1,394

 <6 3,828 11,553,736 480 463 497 928 899 946 1,124 1,091 1,186

 7-10 524 7,327,780 602 561 642 1,084 1,053 1,157 1,345 1,246 1,442

 11-14 408 7,790,807 735 677 793 1,416 1,297 1,538 1,802 1,602 1,882

 15-19 409 8,521,956 918 842 994 1,804 1,701 1,847 2,171 1,947 2,576

 20 + 4,556 95,645,114 1,389 1,352 1,425 2,416 2,375 2,471 2,928 2,848 3,018

 20-24 345 9,425,724 1,204 1,059 1,349 2,021 1,938 2,191 3,146 2,550 3,803

 25-54 2,396 56,682,263 1,393 1,350 1,435 2,482 2,385 2,607 3,025 2,836 3,211

 55-64 766 11,575,703 1,500 1,441 1,560 2,475 2,407 2,545 2,851 2,690 2,990

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 1,402 1,356 1,447 2,224 2,160 2,383 2,551 2,464 2,662

 All ages 9,996 132,953,963 1,185 1,156 1,213 2,221 2,150 2,271 2,706 2,607 2,840

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-33 20

 Table 5.2.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 296 741,904 625 586 665 1,036 954 1,150 1,348* 1,183* 1,422*

 0.5-0.9 322 846,175 563 522 604 1,078 957 1,220 1,279* 1,082* 1,339*

 <2 1,123 3,693,768 459 438 481 945 889 963 1,102 1,056 1,183

 1-3 1,927 6,338,855 428 412 445 817 788 844 1,028 992 1,075

 4-6 1,606 6,100,046 563 542 584 1,077 1,045 1,129 1,308 1,220 1,386

 <6 3,856 12,052,879 493 479 507 961 919 994 1,167 1,104 1,217

 7-10 569 7,972,303 619 583 656 1,134 1,049 1,222 1,466 1,309 1,480

 11-14 404 7,702,229 895 803 987 1,738 1,658 1,893 2,123 1,975 2,483

 15-19 405 9,172,863 1,090 1,004 1,176 1,987 1,843 2,235 2,688 2,235 3,363

 20 + 4,736 88,054,201 1,549 1,499 1,598 2,740 2,667 2,783 3,524 3,361 3,658

 20-24 333 9,119,063 1,364 1,189 1,540 2,825 2,215 3,448 3,679 2,637 4,259

 25-54 2,510 56,328,941 1,580 1,515 1,646 2,814 2,719 2,928 3,772 3,383 4,050

 55-64 775 9,569,684 1,571 1,506 1,636 2,677 2,603 2,839 3,174 3,049 3,313

 65 + 1,118 13,036,513 1,523 1,479 1,567 2,510 2,395 2,586 2,839 2,752 2,956

 All ages 10,265 126,928,576 1,302 1,260 1,344 2,483 2,447 2,529 3,148 3,043 3,320

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-34 21

 Table 5.2.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 599 1,471,280 596 564 629 1,022 993 1,046 1,208 1,164 1,350

 0.5-0.9 667 1,742,366 567 533 601 1,050 1,008 1,127 1,303 1,241 1,372

 <2 2,283 7,308,510 460 445 475 936 896 963 1,107 1,066 1,157

 1-3 3,811 12,232,675 428 414 443 826 796 877 1,032 987 1,075

 4-6 3,173 12,248,965 549 527 571 1,053 1,034 1,085 1,305 1,273 1,342

 <6 7,684 23,606,615 486 472 500 946 935 955 1,146 1,107 1,176

 7-10 1,093 15,300,083 611 579 643 1,130 1,018 1,162 1,420 1,279 1,468

 11-14 812 15,493,036 815 747 882 1,625 1,550 1,742 1,962 1,877 2,218

 15-19 814 17,694,819 1,007 945 1,070 1,898 1,817 2,026 2,411 2,177 2,862

 20 + 9,292 183,699,315 1,465 1,427 1,504 2,551 2,515 2,605 3,195 3,114 3,379

 20-24 678 18,544,787 1,283 1,175 1,390 2,508 2,215 2,925 3,632 3,213 4,259

 25-54 4,906 113,011,204 1,486 1,435 1,537 2,638 2,569 2,722 3,337 3,196 3,489

 55-64 1,541 21,145,387 1,532 1,481 1,584 2,557 2,482 2,604 2,999 2,906 3,107

 65 + 2,167 30,997,937 1,453 1,415 1,491 2,324 2,279 2,388 2,708 2,636 2,789

 All ages 20,261 259,882,539 1,242 1,210 1,274 2,345 2,284 2,403 2,923 2,842 2,997

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:17 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_52B1.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.
5-35 22

 Table 5.2.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 291 700,004 106 97 114 194 183 206 243* 216* 268*

 0.5-0.9 324 843,461 66 59 72 123 112 144 168* 152* 171*

 <2 1,105 3,454,603 56 53 58 126 119 138 169 154 171

 1-3 1,775 5,564,866 32 31 34 61 59 66 80 74 87

 4-6 1,457 5,730,080 27 26 28 52 49 54 66 64 69

 <6 3,598 10,898,783 38 37 39 79 75 84 111 106 116

 7-10 489 6,863,514 20 19 21 36 35 38 45 43 47

 11-14 395 7,608,976 15 14 16 28 27 30 36* 32* 38*

 15-19 403 8,430,113 15 14 16 29 28 33 37 33 42

 20 + 4,421 92,737,736 21 20 22 37 35 38 45 44 47

 20-24 337 9,161,874 19 17 21 33 32 35 42 36 65

 25-54 2,319 54,890,324 21 20 22 38 36 39 47 45 48

 55-64 740 11,100,632 22 21 23 38 37 39 43 42 44

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 22 21 22 35 34 37 41 39 45

 All ages 9,555 128,478,750 22 21 22 39 38 39 50 48 52

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-36 23

 Table 5.2.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 282 708,294 101 92 111 178 168 214 224* 214* 244*

 0.5-0.9 307 804,634 60 56 65 116 105 127 135* 126* 166*

 <2 1,079 3,549,751 51 48 54 116 106 124 145 139 156

 1-3 1,827 6,049,728 30 29 31 59 56 60 73 70 77

 4-6 1,503 5,751,688 28 27 29 54 52 57 69 63 73

 <6 3,647 11,456,976 36 35 38 75 73 79 101 99 106

 7-10 532 7,575,053 20 18 21 36 35 39 45 43 48

 11-14 391 7,502,076 18 16 20 37 31 39 44* 41* 49*

 15-19 403 9,131,411 15 14 17 29 26 30 39 32 48

 20 + 4,709 87,605,178 19 18 20 34 33 36 43 41 45

 20-24 331 9,062,650 17 15 19 35 29 39 45 36 53

 25-54 2,494 56,048,495 19 18 20 35 34 38 45 44 47

 55-64 773 9,545,569 19 18 20 32 31 34 39 36 41

 65 + 1,111 12,948,464 19 19 20 32 31 33 37 36 37

 All ages 9,954 125,128,062 20 20 21 38 37 39 50 48 51

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5-37 24

 Table 5.2.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 573 1,408,298 104 97 110 191 183 198 234 220 247

 0.5-0.9 631 1,648,095 63 59 67 120 113 127 152 139 166

 <2 2,184 7,004,354 53 51 55 120 115 129 156 145 166

 1-3 3,602 11,614,594 31 30 32 60 57 62 75 72 83

 4-6 2,960 11,481,768 28 27 29 53 51 54 68 64 70

 <6 7,245 22,355,759 37 36 38 77 75 80 106 101 111

 7-10 1,021 14,438,567 20 19 21 36 35 39 45 41 49

 11-14 786 15,111,052 16 15 18 33 30 36 40 37 43

 15-19 806 17,561,524 15 14 16 29 28 31 38 35 42

 20 + 9,130 180,342,914 20 19 21 36 35 36 44 43 45

 20-24 668 18,224,524 18 17 19 34 31 35 44 38 53

 25-54 4,813 110,938,819 20 19 21 37 36 38 46 44 47

 55-64 1,513 20,646,201 20 20 21 35 34 37 42 41 43

 65 + 2,136 30,533,370 21 20 21 34 33 35 39 37 41

 All ages 19,509 253,606,812 21 21 22 38 38 39 50 49 51

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 16:22 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_52B2.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.








THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
6-1

6. ADDITIONAL RESULTS FOR WOMEN OF

CHILDBEARING AGE

Women in the childbearing age between 15 to 44 years old and pregnant and lactating women in

that age cohort are considered a sensitive subpopulation when assessing risk to human health from

ingestion of waterborne pollutants. This subpopulation is deemed sensitive for two primary reasons: (1)

ingested pollutants may cause risk not only to the mother but to the fetus or infant and (2) pregnant and

lactating women, as a group, ingest larger amounts of water than other subpopulations. Section 6.1 of this

chapter presents daily average per capita water ingestion estimates defined for the entire age group of

women in childbearing years, as well as daily average per capita ingestion estimates for three subgroups:

pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant and nonlactating women. Section 6.2 compares the per capita water

ingestion estimates for women in child bearing years generated from the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII

with results published by Ershow, Brown, and Cantor (1991). On average, the Ershow et. al. (1991)

estimates, which are based on the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) conducted in 1978,

document higher levels of daily per capita water ingestion by pregnant and lactating women than for their

nonpregnant and nonlactating cohorts. As Ershow et al. (1991) point out, the higher levels are expected

because pregnant and lactating women have a theoretically greater physical requirement for water. Later,

the Ershow et al. (1991) estimates were used by Burmaster (1998) to create lognormal distributions of

water ingestion by pregnant and lactating women which he recommended for use in human health risk

assessments. Comparisons between these lognormal distributions and the empirical distributions derived

from the CSFII are also included in Section 6.2.2.

6.1 Water Ingestion 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII for Women Aged 15–44

Table 6.1.A1 shows estimates of daily average per capita ingestion of community water. 

Pregnant women, on average, ingest 819 mL/person/day while lactating women ingest an average of

1.379 L of community per person per day. The 90 percent confidence interval about mean community

water ingestion by pregnant women ranges from 669–969 mL/person/day. For lactating women, the 90

percent confidence interval about the estimated mean community water ingestion is 1.021–1.737

L/person/day. Nonpregnant and nonlactating women ingest a mean of 916 mL of community water per

person per day. The 90 percent confidence interval about the mean estimate for nonpregnant and

nonlactating women ranges from 882–951 mL/person/day. 

Estimates of daily average water ingested from all sources are higher than those for community

water. Pregnant women ingested an average of 1.318 L of water per day from all sources while their

mean ingestion of community water is 819 mL per day. Nonpregnant and nonlactating women in child

bearing years ingest, on average, 1.243 L of water per day from all sources (see Table 6.1.B1) while the

same women ingest a daily average of 916 mL of community water (see Table 6.1.A1). Estimates of 90th

percentile ingestion values for the three subpopulations of women in child bearing years exceed 2 L

when all water sources are considered (see Table 6.1.B1) while only the 90th percentile from the

distribution of daily average water ingestion of community water by lactating women exceeds 2 L. 

When normalized by body weight, the mean community water ingested by pregnant women is 13

mL/kg/day while that for lactating women is 21 mL/kg/day. The 90th percentile estimate from lactating

women is 53 mL/kg/day while the 90th percentile estimate for nonpregnant and nonlactating women is 31

mL/kg/day (see Table 6.1.A2). When all sources of water are included in the estimates, nonpregnant and

nonlactating women ingest an average of 19 mL/kg/day. Mean estimates of total water (across sources)
6-2

ingestion by pregnant and lactating women are 21 mL/kg/person and 28 mL/kg/person, respectively. The

sample sizes of lactating and pregnant women are small especially when compared to that of nonpregnant

and nonlactating women, and as a consequence, the precision of the estimates from these small samples is

relatively low.

Table 6.2.A1 presents estimates of the mean, 90th percentile and 95th percentile from the empirical

distribution of daily average per capita community water ingestion for women in the age group of 15 to

44 years who ingested water at least once during the 2-day CSFII survey period. These “consumers only”

estimates include both water consumed directly as a beverage and water consumed indirectly through

foods and drink. The estimated mean daily average per capita ingestion of community water for

“consumers only” women aged 15 to 44 years that are not pregnant or not lactating is 976

mL/person/day. The 90 percent confidence interval about the mean ingestion estimate ranges from

937–1,014 mL/person/day. Table 6.2.A1 also shows that the 90th percentile estimate of per capita daily

community water ingestion for “consumers only” pregnant women is 1.844 L, while the 90th percentile

estimate of community water ingestion by “consumers only” lactating women is 2.959 L/person/day. 

The mean daily average per capita total water ingested from all sources by nonpregnant and

nonlactating “consumers only” is 1.252 L/person /day (the 90 percent confidence interval about the mean

estimate is 1.202–1.303 L/person/day) (see Table 6.2.B1). As expected, the ingestion rates for the

pregnant and lactating “consumers only” are higher. The mean daily average per capita total water

ingested from all sources by “consumers only” pregnant women is 1.318 L/person/day (the 90 percent

confidence interval is 1.199–1.436 L/person/day), while the mean estimated daily average per capita total

water ingestion by “consumers only” lactating women is 1.806 L/person/day (90 percent confidence

interval is 1.311–2.301 L/person/day). These results provide evidence for a statistically significant

difference between the lactating and nonpregnant and nonlactating women “consumers only” because the

confidence intervals for the means do not overlap. That is, the lower confidence limit on the lactating

“consumers only” mean is greater than the upper confidence limit on the nonpregnant, nonlactating mean

(1.311 L/person/day versus 1.303 L/person/day). The results do not show a statistically significant

difference between: (1) the nonpregnant and nonlactating “consumers only” mean and the pregnant

“consumers only” mean and (2) the pregnant “consumers only” mean and the lactating “consumers only”

mean. This is indicated by the fact that the confidence intervals about the means overlap. 

Although the estimated daily average per capita water ingestion mean for “consumers only”

pregnant women is not statistically different from the estimated mean ingestion by “consumers only”

lactating women, the two estimated means differ by approximately 0.5 L. That is, lactating women

(“consumers only”) ingest, on average, 1.806 L/person/day while the average ingestion by pregnant

women (“consumers only”) is 1.318 L/person/day. Ershow et al. (1991) also found that lactating women

ingest more water per day, on average, than do pregnant women. The lack of statistically significant

differences between the estimated mean water ingestion for “consumers only” lactating women and that

for pregnant women, as estimated from the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII, most likely is due to the small

sample size of the two groups. Similarly, the lack of statistically significant difference between the

nonpregnant, nonlactating women and the pregnant women also is due to the small sample of pregnant

women in comparison to the nonpregnant and nonlactating women although the difference is smaller. In

fact, the CSFII sample size of 70 pregnant women and 41 lactating women do not meet reporting

requirements (see Section 3.5 for a description of reporting requirements). Although the sample sizes are

small, the data do support valid national estimates for the pregnant and lactating subgroups. Figure

6.2.B1 illustrates the mean daily average per capita total water consumption for the subgroups of

“consumers only” women in child bearing years. 
6-3

The estimated 90th percentile of the distribution of daily average per capita water ingestion from

all sources by “consumers only” lactating women exceeds is 3.021L/person/day (see Table 6.2.B1). The

estimated 90th percentile of daily average per capita total water ingestion for “consumers only” pregnant

women and women aged 15 to 44 who are not pregnant or not lactating is 2.336 L/person/day and 2.338

L/person/day, respectively. 

A similar pattern is present when estimates for women in the age group of 15 to 44 years are

normalized per kilogram of body weight. Table 6.2.B2 records these “consumer only” estimates. The

mean daily average per capita total water ingestion across all sources of water by “consumers only” 

pregnant women (21 mL/kg/day) and lactating women (28 mL/kg/day) are statistically different from the

mean for nonpregnant and nonlactating women. The estimated mean for the nonpregnant and

nonlactating “consumers only” cohort is 19 mL/kg/day. The 90 percent confidence interval estimate

about the mean daily average per capita total water ingestion for “consumers only” nonpregnant and

nonlactating women is 19–20 mL/kg/day. The mean daily average per capita total water ingestion for

“consumers only” pregnant and lactating women are outside of this interval.

Appendix E presents mean and percentile estimates from the empirical distribution of daily

average per capita total water consumption for women in the age group of 15 through 44 years. Table E.3

of Part I records estimates for pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant and nonlactating women when all

women in the age group are considered. Table E.3 of Part III reports estimates of “consumers only” or

women in the age group that report water consumption at least once during the 2-day survey period. 

Comparing Tables E.3 in Parts I and III of Appendix E shows that all 70 pregnant women and 41

lactating women in the survey consumed water at least once during the 2-day survey period. Therefore,

estimates are the same for “all individuals” and “consumers only”. Eighteen women in the sample (out of

a total of 2,221) that were not pregnant and not lactating report no water consumption during the 2-day

survey period. Therefore estimates differ slightly between Part I and Part III. However, the means are not

statistically different.
6-4 1

 Table 6.1.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion 

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories 

 All Individuals 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Milliliters/Person/Day 

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile 

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.** 

 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- 

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Pregnant 70 1,750,330 819* 669* 969* 1,815* 1,479* 2,808* 2,503* 2,167* 3,690* 

 Lactating 41 1,171,868 1,379* 1,021* 1,737* 2,872* 2,722* 3,452* 3,434* 2,987* 3,803* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,221 56,050,136 916 882 951 1,953 1,854 2,065 2,575 2,403 2,908 

 Women Age 15-44 2,332 58,970,270 922 887 957 2,008 1,900 2,055 2,605 2,483 2,806 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 06JAN04 11:48 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_61A1.lst 

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages. 

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance. 

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water. 

 -: Means zero. 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96". 

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 
6-5 2

 Table 6.1.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion 

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories 

 All Individuals 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day 

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile 

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.** 

 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- 

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Pregnant 69 1,728,389 13* 11* 14* 31* 28* 46* 43* 33* 46* 

 Lactating 40 1,141,186 21* 15* 28* 53* 44* 55* 55* 52* 57* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,166 54,687,608 14 14 15 31 30 32 38 36 39 

 Women Age 15-44 2,275 57,555,119 14 14 15 32 30 33 39 35 42 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 06JAN04 11:49 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_61A2.lst 

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages. 

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance. 

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water. 

 -: Means zero. 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96". 

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population. 
6-6 3

 Table 6.1.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion 

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories 

 All Individuals 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Milliliters/Person/Day 

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile 

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.** 

 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- 

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Pregnant 70 1,750,330 1,318* 1,199* 1,436* 2,336* 1,851* 3,690* 2,674* 2,167* 3,690* 

 Lactating 41 1,171,868 1,806* 1,374* 2,238* 3,021* 2,722* 3,794* 3,767* 3,452* 3,803* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,221 56,050,136 1,243 1,193 1,292 2,336 2,222 2,488 2,937 2,774 3,211 

 Women Age 15-44 2,332 58,970,270 1,256 1,208 1,304 2,366 2,291 2,477 2,949 2,839 3,114 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 06JAN04 12:09 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_61B1.lst 

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages. 

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance. 

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water. 

 -: Means zero. 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96". 

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 
6-7 4

 Table 6.1.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion 

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories 

 All Individuals 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day 

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile 

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.** 

 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- 

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Pregnant 69 1,728,389 21* 19* 22* 39* 33* 46* 44* 38* 46* 

 Lactating 40 1,141,186 28* 20* 37* 53* 44* 57* 57* 52* 58* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,166 54,687,608 19 19 20 35 35 36 46 43 47 

 Women Age 15-44 2,275 57,555,119 19 19 20 36 34 38 46 42 49 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 06JAN04 12:11 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_61B2.lst 

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages. 

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance. 

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water. 

 -: Means zero. 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96". 

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population. 
6-8 5

 Table 6.2.A1. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion 

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories 

 Consumers Only 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Milliliters/Person/Day 

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile 

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.** 

 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- 

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Pregnant 65 1,644,007 872* 728* 1,016* 1,844* 1,776* 3,690* 2,589* 2,167* 3,690* 

 Lactating 34 971,057 1,665* 1,181* 2,148* 2,959* 2,722* 3,452* 3,588* 2,987* 4,026* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,077 52,631,773 976 937 1,014 2,013 1,893 2,065 2,614 2,475 2,873 

 Women Age 15-44 2,176 55,244,773 985 947 1,022 2,046 1,947 2,167 2,732 2,432 2,924 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 06JAN04 11:47 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_62A1.lst 

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages. 

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance. 

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water. 

 -: Means zero. 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96". 

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 
6-9 6

 Table 6.2.A2. Estimated Direct and Indirect Community Water Ingestion 

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories 

 Consumers Only 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day 

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile 

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.** 

 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- 

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Pregnant 65 1,644,007 14* 12* 15* 33* 29* 46* 43* 33* 46* 

 Lactating 33 940,375 26* 18* 34* 54* 44* 55* 55* 53* 57* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,028 51,411,212 15 14 16 32 31 33 38 36 42 

 Women Age 15-44 2,126 53,993,530 15 15 16 32 31 33 39 38 43 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 06JAN04 11:39 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_62A2.lst 

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages. 

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance. 

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water. 

 -: Means zero. 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96". 

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population. 
6-10 7

 Table 6.2.B1. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion 

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories 

 Consumers Only 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Milliliters/Person/Day 

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile 

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.** 

 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- 

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Pregnant 70 1,750,330 1,318* 1,199* 1,436* 2,336* 1,851* 3,690* 2,674* 2,167* 3,690* 

 Lactating 41 1,171,868 1,806* 1,311* 2,301* 3,021* 2,722* 3,794* 3,767* 3,059* 3,803* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,203 55,619,141 1,252 1,202 1,303 2,338 2,256 2,404 2,941 2,834 3,179 

 Women Age 15-44 2,314 58,539,275 1,265 1,216 1,314 2,366 2,284 2,484 2,953 2,813 3,187 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 06JAN04 12:18 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_62B1.lst 

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages. 

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance. 

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water. 

 -: Means zero. 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96". 

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 
6-11 8

 Table 6.2.B2. Estimated Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion 

 By Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories 

 Consumers Only 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Milliliters/Kg of body weight/Day 

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile 

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.** 

 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- 

 Women Categories Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper 

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Pregnant 69 1,728,389 21* 19* 22* 39* 33* 46* 44* 38* 46* 

 Lactating 40 1,141,186 28* 19* 38* 53* 44* 57* 57* 52* 58* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,149 54,286,950 19 19 20 35 34 37 46 42 48 

 Women Age 15-44 2,258 57,154,461 20 19 20 36 34 37 46 43 50 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 06JAN04 12:19 m:\pw\ostwater\req007\req123103\R007_62B2.lst 

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages. 

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance. 

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water. 

 -: Means zero. 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96". 

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications. 

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population. 
6-12

6.2 Comparison of 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Per Capita Total Water Consumption Estimates to

Published Estimates

In this section we compare the estimates derived from the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII to

estimates published by Ershow, Brown, and Cantor (1991). Section 6.2.1 of this chapter provides a

background for the Ershow et al. (1991) total water ingestion estimates for women in childbearing years,

which are based on empirical distribution percentiles of the 1978 NFCS data. We compared results

generated by Ershow et al. (1991) to the empirical distributions estimated from the 1994–1996 and 1998

CSFII data. We present Ershow et al.’s 1991 estimates along with estimates based on the more recent data

to provide a point of reference for potential users of the results and discuss differences in the survey data

used to generate the estimates. 

6.2.1 Survey Backgrounds

 Daily average per capita ingestion estimates recorded in this report were produced from daily, self

reported ingestion data from two nonconsecutive days collected in the USDA’s 1994–1996 and 1998

CSFII. The CSFII is a multistage probability sample of individuals within U.S. households. When

generating estimates for this report, we used probability based survey techniques to estimate empirical

distribution percentiles and project the sample data to the Nation. During the execution of this statistical

procedure, no assumptions were made regarding the parametric form of the distribution of daily average

per capita total water ingestion . The EPA has used the cohort of women aged 15 to 44 to represent

women in childbearing years. There are 2,332 women in the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII who met this

age criterion. Of those women, 70 were pregnant and 41 were lactating at the time of the survey. 

Estimates from these sampled 2,332 women project to a U.S. population of 58,970,270 women in the age

group.

 The basis for Ershow et al.’s 1991 estimates was self-reported water ingestion data from the 

USDA’s 1978 NFCS. Participants in that survey self-reported ingestion for 3 consecutive days. Ershow

et al. (1991) reported arithmetic estimates of mean, standard deviation, and empirical distribution

percentile estimates. Estimates were generated from a sample of 6,466 women aged 15 to 49 years. Of

these women, 188 reported that they were pregnant at the time of the survey and 77 reported that they

were lactating. While the Ershow et al. (1991) article indicates that survey weights were applied to

project the sample to the population, the size of that population is not reported. Burmaster (1998) used

summary statistics, i.e., the estimated standard deviation, mean and median estimates reported by Ershow,

et al. (1991) to create lognormal distributions models for total water and tap water per capita ingestion 

6.2.2 Comparisons of Daily Average Per Capita Ingestion Estimates

 For ease of comparison, we present mean, median and upper percentile estimates of daily

average per capita water ingestion estimates from the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII and the 1991 Ershow et

al. estimates using 1978 NFCS data in six tables (see Tables 6.2.1A to 6.2.3B). These tables report

estimates for nonpregnant and nonlactating women in childbearing years, pregnant women, and lactating

women, respectively. Ershow et. al (1991) report their estimates in units of gram per person per day. It is

assumed that the density of water is 1 so that the units of g/person/day are considered equivalent to the

units of mL/person/day reported for the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII. 

Tabulated ingestion estimates from the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII are those for “consumers

only” since it is assumed that no zero ingestion values were used from the 1978 NFCS. Ershow et al.’s
6-13

(1991) “total water” is defined as total water consumed directly as a beverage and indirectly through

foods plus biological water contained in food and commercial water. These estimates are shown under

the column heading “Total Water 1978 NFCS.” Estimates of water ingested from all sources based on the

CSFII data are reported in the column titled “Total Water 1994–1996, 1998 CSFII”. Total water

estimates from the CSFII do not include biological or commercial water. Although conceptually similar,

there are fairly substantial differences between the “Total Water 1978 NFCS” and “Total Water

1994–1996, 1998 CSFII” estimates. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed below, although

the main difference probably is due to the fact that “Total Water 1978 NFCS” includes more sources of

water than “Total Water 1994–1996, 1998 CSFII.” Since the inclusion of intrinsic and commercial water

in the “Total Water 1978 NFCS” estimates appears to account for most of the difference between those

and the “Total Water 1994–1996, 1998 CSFII” estimates, it may be more appropriate to compare the “Tap

Water” estimates from the 1978 survey with the “Total Water” estimates from the 1994–1996 and 1998

CSFII. Ershow et al.’s (1991) “Tap Water” ingestion estimates are presented in the tables for comparison 

with the CSFII based “total water” and “community water” estimates. 

As shown in the summary tables, the means and the median values of the “tap water” ingestion by

nonpregnant and nonlactating women in the 1978 NFCS are fairly close to the “total water” estimates for

nonpregnant and nonlactating women based on the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII. However, estimated “tap

water” ingestion by pregnant and lactating women based on the 1978 survey is much lower than estimated 

“total water” ingestion by pregnant and lactating women based on the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII. Most

of this difference is presumably due to a higher bottled water consumption by the pregnant and lactating

women in the later survey. 

Additional insight into the differences between the estimates reported by Ershow et al. (1991) and

the estimates based on the CSFII can be gained by examining the four empirical cumulative distribution

plots shown in Figures 6.2.C1A–6.2.C2C. Two of the empirical cumulative distributions on each figure

present the lognormal distributions fit by Burmaster to Ershow et al.’s (1991) estimates of water

ingestion based on the 1978 NFCS data. The lognormal cumulative distribution of per capita tap water

ingestion is labeled “1978 NFCS Tap Water,” while the cumulative distribution of per capita total water

ingestion is labeled “1978 NFCS Total Water.” The remaining two empirical distributions present per

capita community and total water ingestion as estimated from the 1994–96 and 1998 CSFII. As can be

seen in the plots, the Burmaster lognormal estimates of “Total Water” are consistently higher than 

empirical distributions of “Total Water” derived from the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII data. These

differences may be attributed to several factors. While both sets of data report total water ingestion—that

is, water consumed directly as a beverage and indirectly through water added to food and beverages

during preparation—the methods for determining indirect water consumption are different, and Ershow et

al. (1991) include more sources of water. The EPA method of determining indirect water is very detailed

and based on recipes, as reported in Chapter 3 of this report. Methods used by Ershow et al. (1991) to

determine indirect water were described in general terms. The method they used for allocating the

amount of indirect water consumed in foods may have differed and therefore could have introduced bias

into the estimates. Ershow et al. (1991) also included additional sources of intrinsic and commercial

water such as milk, carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks; beer, wine, spirits, and mixed drinks. 

Also, the Ershow et al. (1991) estimates and, in turn, the Burmaster estimates, are based on a 1978

consumer survey, while the data used by EPA were collected in 1994–1996 and 1998. Changes in

consumer behavior may have contributed to the difference in estimates. This is suggested by the shape of

the lower end of the empirical cumulative distributions, where the more recent data shows much lower per

capita daily ingestion at the lower percentile levels. Also, the assumption that daily average per capita

ingestion follows a lognormal distribution will tend to result in higher estimates for upper percentiles. The
6-14

use of the lognormal distribution to model ingestion for all three populations suggests that a higher

percentage of consumers ingest more than 2 L of water daily than the empirical survey-based estimates.

This is due to the “heavy tailed” characteristic of the lognormal. The percentage of bias induced by these

factors is not estimable with the available data. Users of the total water ingestion estimates for women in

childbearing years should be aware that the previously reported estimates based on the 1978 data and the

lognormal models are higher than those based on the empirical distribution techniques applied to the

1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII data. While the differences may be due more to differences in what water

sources are included in the definition of “Total Water,” any risk assessment that uses estimates of water

ingestion by women of childbearing age should include an analysis of the sensitivity of the risk estimates

to a range of ingestion values based on the estimates presented here. 
6-15

Table 6.3.A1. Per Capita Water Consumption—Nonpregnant and Nonlactating Women

(mL/person/day)

Estimate Total Water

1978 NFCS 

(Ershow et. al.

1991)

Tap Water

1978 NFCS 

(Ershow et. al.

1991)

Total Water

1994–96, 98

CSFII

CommunityWater

1994–96, 98 CSFII

Sample Size 6,201• 6,201• 2,203# 2,077#

Mean 1,940 1,157 1,252 976

50th % 1,835 1,065 1,057 752

90th % 2,831 1,983 2,338 2,013

95th % 3,186 2,310 2,941 2,614

• Women aged 15 to 49 years; # Women aged 15 to 44 years.

Table 6.3.A2. Per Capita Water Consumption—Nonpregnant or Nonlactating Women

(mL/kg/day)

Estimate Total Water

1978 NFCS

 (Ershow et. al.

1991)

Tap Water

1978 NFCS 

(Ershow et. al. 1991)

Total Water

1994–96, 98

CSFII 

Community

Water 1994–96,

98 CSFII 

Sample Size 6,201• 6,201• 2,149# 2,028#

Mean 32.3 19.1 19 15

50th % 30.5 17.3 16 12

90th % 48.4 33.1 35 32

95th % 65.4 39.1 46 38

• Women aged 15 to 49 years; # Women aged 15 to 44 years.
6-16

Table 6.3.B1. Per Capita Water Consumption—Pregnant Women (mL/person/day)

Estimate Total Water

1978 NFCS 

(Ershow et. al.

1991)

Tap Water

1978 NFCS 

(Ershow et. al.

1991)

Total Water 

1994–96, 98

CSFII

Community Water

1994–96, 98 CSFII

Sample Size 188• 188• 70# 65#

Mean 2,076 1,189 1,318* 872*

50th % 1,928 1,063 1,225* 554*

90th % 3,028 2,191 2,336* 1844*

95th % 3,475 2,424 2,674* 2589*

• Women aged 15 to 49 years; # Women aged 15 to 44 years.

Table 6.3.B2. Per Capita Water Consumption—Pregnant Women (mL/kg/day)

Estimate Total Water

1978 NFCS

(Ershow et. al.

1991)

Tap Water

1978 NFCS

(Ershow et. al.

1991)

Total Water

1994–96, 98

CSFII 

Community Water 

1994–96, 98 CSFII

Sample Size 188• 188• 69# 65#

Mean 32.1 18.3 21* 14*

50th % 30.5 16.4 19* 9*

90th % 48.9 34.5 39* 33*

95th % 53.5 39.6 44* 43*

• Women aged 15 to 49 years; # Women aged 15 to 44 years.
6-17

Table 6.3.C1. Per Capita Water Consumption—Lactating Women (mL/person/day) 

Estimate Total Water

1978 NFCS 

(Ershow et. al.

(1991))

Tap Water

1978 NFCS

(Ershow et. al.

(1991))

Total Water

1994–96, 98 CSFII

Community Water

1994–96, 98 CSFII

Sample Size 77• 77• 41# 34#

Mean 2,242 1,310 1,806* 1665*

50th % 2,164 1,330 1,498* 1 646*

90th % 3,169 1,945 3,021* 2959*

95th % 3,353 2,191 3,767* 3588*

• Women aged 15 to 49 years; # Women aged 15 to 44 years.

Table 6.3.C2. Per Capita Water Consumption—Lactating Women (mL/kg/day)

Estimate

Total Water

1978 NFCS

(Ershow et. al.

1991)

Tap Water

1978 NFCS

(Ershow et. al.

1991)

Total Water

1994–96, 98 CSFII 

Community Water

1994–96, 98 CSFII 

Sample Size 77• 77• 40# 33#

Mean 37.0 21.4 28* 26*

50th % 35.1 20.5 25* 20*

90th % 53.7 35.1 53* 54*

95th % 59.2 37.4 57* 55*

• Women aged 15 to 49 years; # Women aged 15 to 44 years.

* The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the “Third Report on Nutrition

Monitoring in the United States”.














THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
7-1

7. DISTRIBUTION OF BODY WEIGHTS BY AGE

AND GENDER

The default body weights used in many risk assessments are 70 kg for the general population and

10 kg for children 2 years of age and younger. These average body weights are used by many agencies

including EPA and the WHO. Using body weight data from the USDA’s 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII, it

is possible to estimate means and upper percentiles from the distributions of body weights for the overall

U.S. population and for selected subpopulations by age and gender. Specifically, this document presents

estimates by smaller age range categories, or “fine” categories. Fine age categories included in this report

are: less than 6 months, 6 months to 1 year, 1 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, 7 to 10 years, 11 to 14 years, 15 to

19 years, 20 to 24 years, 25 to 54 years, 55 to 64 years, and 65 years and older. Additional age range

categories include: children younger than 2 years old, and children younger than 6 years; individuals

between the ages of 2 and 15 years; individuals aged 6 to 15 years, and older than 15 years; and adults

older than 20, and all ages. Using body weight estimates for finer age range categories has a two-fold

benefit. Finer age group estimates allow analysts and policymakers to focus risk assessments on specific

subpopulations with enhanced knowledge of a variable that plays a key role in the risk assessment

process. And, body weight estimates for these subpopulations extrapolate to the U.S. population and are

linked to the EPA’s per capita water consumption estimates because they come from the same survey

sample participants. 

This chapter reports estimates from empirical distributions of body weights, based on data from

the USDA's 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII. The weights recorded in the survey, and consequently the

estimates reported in this chapter, are self-reported by the participants. The unit of measure for reported

estimates is kilograms. Multiply kilogram estimates by 2.2 to obtain an estimate in pounds. Tabulated

results present point and interval estimates of the mean, 90th and 95th percentiles from the distributions

of reported body weights, in kilograms. 

When viewed across genders and all age categories, the average self-reported body weight for

individuals in the United States during the 1994–1996 and 1998 period is 65 kg, or 143 lb. The estimated

median body weight for all individuals is 67 kg (147 lb). The average weight of children less than 2 years

of age is 10 kg (22 lb), while the estimated 95th percentile of the distribution of body weights for children

younger that 2 years of age is 14 kg (31 lb). Section 7.1 presents mean and 90th percentile interval

estimates about the mean body weights for fine age categories by gender and across gender. Percentile

estimates from the empirical distributions of self reported body weights appear in Section 7.2.

Comparison of body weights by available age groups from selected other sources of data are provided in

Section 7.3, while Section 7.4 presents conclusions.

7.1 Mean and Upper Percentile Point and Interval Estimates by Age Category and Gender

Table 7.1 presents estimates of the mean, 90th percentile and 95th percentile from the empirical

distribution of self-reported body weights from the USDA’s 1994–1996 and 1998 combined CSFII. 

Estimates for age categories are first presented by gender and then across genders. Estimated mean body

weights between gender do not differ by more than 1 kg until the age category of 15 to 19 years. This

feature also is visible in Figure 7.1. The estimated mean body weight for pregnant or lactating women in

the childbearing years of 15 to 44 is the same—66 kg (145 lb)—as it is for nonpregnant or nonlactating

women in the same age group. However, the 90 percent intervals about the estimated mean body weight
7-2

of women in the childbearing years subgroups differ in width. The widest interval about the mean body

weight estimate is for lactating women (61–70 kg). This suggests that self-reported body weights for

women in this category are more variable. Additionally, lactating women are the smallest sample in the

CSFII survey with 40 lactating women reporting their weights.

Self-reported data from the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII suggest that the average weight of

females, across all age groups, is 59 kg (130 lb) while the average weight of males across all age groups is

70 kg (154 lb). When considering adults aged 20 or more, the average female weight is 68 kg (150 lb)

while the average adult male weights 84 kg (185 lb). The estimated mean body weight for females is 16

kg (35 lb) less than the mean body weight for males for the age groups of 20 to 24, 25 to 54, and 20 years

of age and older. This 16 kg difference in estimated means between genders is the highest observed

difference across the age categories.

7.2 Percentile Estimates from the Empirical Distributions of Body Weight

While the estimated mean body weight for children younger than 2 years of age is 10 kg (22 lb),

the estimated 90th percentile and 95th percentile from the distribution of body weights for these children

are 13 kg (29 lb) and 14 kg (31 lb), respectively. For the fine age groups of children less than 6 years of

age, the estimated mean body weight for the age groups are within 1 kg of the estimated median weight

for the age group. This suggests that body weights follow an approximately normal distribution. In

keeping with this observation, upper percentile estimates from the empirical distributions of body weights

for each gender are within 1 kg of each other for the fine age groups of children younger than 6 years of

age.

However, with increasing age, estimated means become higher than estimated medians. While

this observation is true for both genders, it is particularly evident for males. For example, the estimated

mean body weight for teenage males aged 15 to 19 years is 73 kg while the estimated median is 68 kg.

This suggests that body weights are skewed with more observed higher body weights. Upper percentiles

of body weight for males exceed those of females in the same age group when the individuals are older

than 6 years of age. For example, the estimated 90th percentile from the distribution of body weights for

women 20 years of age and older is 88 kg (194 lb) while the 90th percentile estimate for males in the

same age category is 104 kg (229 lb). The estimated 95th percentile from the distribution of body weights

for women 20 years and older is 97 kg (213 lb) while the 95th percentile estimate for males in the same

age category is 110 kg (242 lb).

As a quick reference, Table 7.3 presents estimates of mean and median body weights by gender

and across gender for 10 age categories. For the fine age categories reported in the summary table, the

mean and median estimated body weights are the same for children in categories less than 2 years of age.

This suggests that body weights follow an approximately normal distribution. After the age of 2 years,

estimated mean body weights are higher than estimated median body weights as age categories increase.

This suggests that the distributions of body weights are skewed to the right. When viewed across ages,

the estimated median body weight is higher than the estimated mean body weight. This suggests that the

body weight distribution across the entire survey weighted sample is slightly skewed to the left.

Although the estimated mean weight of 66 kg for pregnant or lactating women is the same as that

for nonpregnant and nonlactating women in childbearing years (15 to 44 years of age) , the estimated

median body weight for pregnant women (63 kg) is 1 kg higher than the 62 kg estimated median weight

for their nonpregnant and nonlactating cohorts in the same age category. The estimated median weight
7-3

for lactating women (61 kg) is one kilogram less than the 62 kg estimated median body weight for their

nonpregnant and nonlactating age group cohorts. As the asterisks on Table 7.2 indicate, the sample sizes

for pregnant and lactating women are very small.

7.3 Body Weight Estimates from the National Center for Health Statistics

As a point of reference, growth charts for the United States (as presented by the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics) were consulted. These charts,

published on http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts, were initially released May 30, 2000. These charts were

produced using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). There are nine

growth curves for each gender. Each growth curve depicts a given percentile. Age is on the X axis while

body weight is on the Y axis. 

The weight of 10 kg for females on the growth curves represents: the 97th percentile at 8 months

of age; the 95th percentile at 8.5 months; the 90th percentile at 9.5 months; the 75th percentile at 11.25

months; and the median for 13.5 months. For males, 10 kg is the 97th percentile at 6.25 months of age;

the 95th percentile at 6.75 months; the 90th percentile at 7.5 months; the 75th percentile at 9 months; and

the median at 11 months of age.

Estimates of mean body weights for children 6 months to 1 year of age from NHANES III data

matched those of the CSFII for the same age category. Body weights in NHANES III are measured by

survey staff as opposed to self-reported. These data are from a national probability sample of the United

States population during 1988 through 1994. These mean estimates were produced under EPA contract

68-C-99-24. 

For women in the childbearing years of 15 to 44, NHANES III estimates of median and mean

body weights are 63.2 kg and 67.3 kg, respectively, during 1988 through 1994. From the 1994–1996

and 1998 CSFII, median and mean self-reported body weights are 62 kg and 66 kg, respectively. Thus,

the estimated mean and median self-reported body weights for women in childbearing years are within

one kilogram of those estimated from NHANES III survey measured weights. Note that estimates from

NHANES III do not exclude pregnant and lactating women from the cohort of women in childbearing

years. 
7-4

 Table 7.1. Estimated Body Weight

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Kilograms

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 <0.5 383 935,936 6 6 6 7 7 8 8* 8* 9*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 9 9 9 11 10 11 12* 11* 12*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 14 13 14 17 17 18 19 19 19

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 20 20 21 26 25 27 29 27 32

 7-10 491 6,895,811 31 30 32 43 41 45 48 45 54

 11-14 398 7,660,943 50 50 51 65 64 68 72* 68* 77*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 61 60 62 74 73 79 82 79 86

 20-24 340 9,230,121 64 63 66 81 82 89 93 89 101

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 69 68 69 90 89 91 100 98 103

 55-64 741 11,126,465 71 70 72 90 91 93 99 97 104

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 67 66 68 84 82 84 90 91 91

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 68 68 69 88 87 91 97 95 100

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 9 9 10 13 13 14 14 14 14

 2-15 3,652 24,003,624 32 32 33 54 54 57 60 58 62

 15 + 4,844 101,635,864 68 67 68 87 86 89 96 95 99

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 14 14 14 20 20 20 22 22 23

 6-15 1,140 16,510,090 39 38 40 58 57 59 64 62 68

 Pregnant 69 1,728,389 66* 63* 69* 81* 80* 86* 89* 82* 95*

 Lactating 40 1,141,186 66* 61* 70* 87* 77* 98* 95* 84* 121*

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 2,166 54,687,608 66 65 67 86 86 89 98 95 100

 Women Age 15-44 2,275 57,555,119 66 65 67 86 85 89 97 93 100

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 59 59 60 84 84 86 93 91 95

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13MAY03 14:21 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_71.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population. 
7-5

 Table 7.1. Estimated Body Weight

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Kilograms

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 <0.5 361 954,525 6 6 6 8 8 9 9* 9* 10*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 9 9 10 11 11 12 12* 12* 12*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 14 14 15 18 18 18 19 19 20

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 21 21 21 26 25 27 28 28 29

 7-10 537 7,645,200 32 32 33 44 43 44 48 46 52

 11-14 392 7,522,213 52 51 53 72 70 78 81* 79* 84*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 73 71 74 94 91 100 107 100 113

 20-24 336 9,172,756 80 78 81 100 95 104 112 104 120

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 85 84 86 104 104 107 111 110 114

 55-64 775 9,564,795 84 83 85 103 102 104 109 107 109

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 80 79 81 99 98 100 104 103 107

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 84 83 84 104 102 104 110 109 111

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 10 10 10 13 14 14 14 15 15

 2-15 3,797 25,003,062 33 32 34 57 55 59 66 64 70

 15 + 5,133 97,244,524 82 82 83 103 102 104 109 109 111

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 15 15 15 21 21 22 23 23 24

 6-15 1,203 17,031,957 40 39 41 61 60 64 71 68 75

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 70 70 71 100 100 100 109 107 109

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13MAY03 14:21 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_71.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population. 
7-6

 Table 7.1. Estimated Body Weight

 By Gender and Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Kilograms

 ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Mean 90th percentile 95th percentile

 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------

 90% C.I. 90% B.I.** 90% B.I.**

 ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

 Age Sample Population Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

 Size Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound Estimate Bound Bound

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 <0.5 744 1,890,461 6 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 9

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 9 9 9 11 11 11 12 12 12

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 14 14 14 18 18 18 19 19 19

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 21 20 21 26 25 27 28 27 30

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 32 31 32 43 43 44 48 46 50

 11-14 790 15,183,156 51 51 52 68 68 70 79 77 82

 15-19 816 17,825,164 67 66 68 85 83 89 99 95 101

 20-24 676 18,402,877 72 71 73 94 91 98 104 101 109

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 77 76 77 100 100 100 109 109 109

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 77 76 78 99 97 101 105 104 109

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 72 72 73 93 91 94 100 98 100

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 76 75 76 98 98 100 107 105 109

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 10 10 10 13 13 14 14 14 15

 2-15 7,449 49,006,686 33 32 33 56 54 57 63 61 66

 15 + 9,977 198,880,388 75 74 75 97 98 98 106 105 107

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 15 15 15 21 20 21 23 23 23

 6-15 2,343 33,542,047 40 39 40 59 59 61 68 66 71

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 65 64 65 95 93 95 104 102 104

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (1) Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13MAY03 14:21 m:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ007\R007_71.lst

 (2) Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 (3) Interval estimates may involve aggregation of variance estimation units when data are too sparse to support estimation of the variance.

 (4) All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 **: Percentile intervals were estimated using percentile bootstrap method with 1,000 bootstrap replications.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States, 1994-96".

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population. 
7-7

 Table 7.2. Estimated Distribution of Body Weight 

 Gender and Fine Age Categories 

 All Individuals 

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Kilograms** 

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 a. Female 

 <0.5 383 935,936 6 2* 3* 3 4 5 7 7 8* 11* 

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 9 5* 6* 7 7 8 9 11 12* 13* 

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 14 8* 9 10 11 13 15 17 19 22* 

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 20 12* 14 15 17 19 22 26 29 36* 

 7-10 491 6,895,811 31 16* 20 22 25 29 36 43 48 57* 

 11-14 398 7,660,943 50 27* 32* 35 43 49 56 65 72* 85* 

 15-19 407 8,531,043 61 39* 45 47 52 58 67 74 82 98* 

 20-24 340 9,230,121 64 43* 47 50 54 61 69 81 93 112* 

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 69 44 49 52 57 65 77 90 100 123 

 55-64 741 11,126,465 71 45* 50 53 61 68 79 90 99 120* 

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 67 42* 47 51 57 65 75 84 90 104* 

 

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 68 44 49 51 57 65 76 88 97 120 

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 9 3* 4 5 7 9 11 13 14 16* 

 2-15 3,652 24,003,624 32 11 13 14 18 27 44 54 60 78 

 15 + 4,844 101,635,864 68 43 48 51 56 64 75 87 96 120 

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 14 4 6 8 11 14 18 20 22 27 

 6-15 1,140 16,510,090 39 16* 19 22 27 37 49 58 64 82* 

 

 Pregnant 69 1,728,389 66* 43* 48* 51* 56* 63* 75* 81* 89* 95* 

 Lactating 40 1,141,186 66* - 47* 51* 55* 61* 70* 87* 95* 114* 

 Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44 

 2,166 54,687,608 66 43 47 50 54 62 72 86 98 120 

 Women Age 15-44 2,275 57,555,119 66 43 47 50 54 62 72 86 97 120 

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 59 8 15 23 50 61 72 84 93 114 

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 15APR03 18:59 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_G1.LST 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States." 

 **: Multiply values by 2.2 to convert to estimated weight in pounds. 

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population. 
7-8

 Table 7.2. Estimated Distribution of Body Weight 

 Gender and Fine Age Categories 

 All Individuals 

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Kilograms** 

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99 

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 b. Male 

 <0.5 361 954,525 6 3* 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9* 11* 

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 9 6* 7* 7 8 9 10 11 12* 13* 

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 14 9* 10 11 12 14 16 18 19 23* 

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 21 13* 15 16 18 20 22 26 28 36* 

 7-10 537 7,645,200 32 18* 21 22 27 31 36 44 48 63* 

 11-14 392 7,522,213 52 28* 32* 35 41 50 60 72 81* 92* 

 15-19 409 9,294,121 73 44* 53 56 61 68 80 94 107 116* 

 20-24 336 9,172,756 80 52* 58 61 68 78 86 100 112 134* 

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 85 54 63 66 75 83 93 104 111 134 

 55-64 775 9,564,795 84 54* 61 67 74 83 93 103 109 125* 

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 80 51* 59 63 70 78 88 99 104 117* 

 

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 84 54 61 65 72 82 91 104 110 130 

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 10 3* 4 6 8 10 12 13 14 17* 

 2-15 3,797 25,003,062 33 11 13 15 19 28 43 57 66 84 

 15 + 5,133 97,244,524 82 52 60 63 72 81 91 103 109 129 

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 15 4 7 8 11 15 18 21 23 29 

 6-15 1,203 17,031,957 40 18* 20 22 27 36 50 61 71 86* 

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 70 9 15 22 59 76 87 100 109 126 

 c. Both sexes 

 <0.5 744 1,890,461 6 2* 3 3 4 6 7 8 9 11* 

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 9 6* 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13* 

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 14 8 9 10 11 13 16 18 19 23 

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 21 12 14 16 17 20 22 26 28 36 

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 32 17* 20 22 26 29 36 43 48 59* 

 11-14 790 15,183,156 51 28* 32 35 42 50 58 68 79 89* 

 15-19 816 17,825,164 67 42* 47 50 56 63 73 85 99 113* 

 20-24 676 18,402,877 72 45* 49 53 59 68 81 94 104 130* 

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 77 45 52 54 63 75 86 100 109 127 

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 77 46 52 57 65 75 87 99 105 124 

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 72 44 50 54 62 71 81 93 100 113 

 

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 76 45 51 54 63 73 86 98 107 126 

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 10 3 4 5 7 10 11 13 14 17 

 2-15 7,449 49,006,686 33 11 13 15 19 28 43 56 63 82 

 15 + 9,977 198,880,388 75 45 50 54 61 72 84 97 106 125 

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 15 4 6 8 11 14 18 21 23 28 

 6-15 2,343 33,542,047 40 17 20 22 27 36 50 59 68 85 

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 65 8 15 22 52 67 81 95 104 122 

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 15APR03 18:59 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_G1.LST 

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States." 

 **: Multiply values by 2.2 to convert to estimated weight in pounds. 

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population. 

7-10

Table 7.3. Mean and Median Body Weight Estimates—A Summary Table

Estimated Mean (kg) Estimated Median (kg) 

Age Category

(yrs)

Across

Gender Males Females

Across

Gender Males Females

< 0.5 years 6 6 6 6 6 5

0.5– 0.9 9 9 9 9 9 8

<2 10 10 9 10 10 9

1–3 14 14 14 13 14 13

4–6 21 21 20 20 20 19

7–10 32 32 31 29 31 29

11–14 51 52 50 50 50 49

15–19 67 73 61 63 68 58

20+ 76 84 68 73 82 65

Across Ages 65 70 59 67 76 61

7.4 Conclusions

The mean body weight estimate from the 1994–1996 and 1998 USDA’s CSFII for adults 20 years

of age and older is 76 kg (167 lb). This is 6 kg or 13 lb higher than the default weight usually used in risk

assessments. The estimated median body weight across genders for adults 20 years of age and older is 73

kg (161 lb). The mean body weight for women 20 years of age and older is 68 kg (150 lb) while the

mean weight for men in that age group is 84 kg (185 lb). Pregnant and lactating women as well as their

cohort of nonpregnant and nonlactating women in the childbearing years of 15 to 44 weigh 66 kg (145

lb), on average.

The mean body weight for all individuals, males and females combined, across all age groups, is

65 kg (143 lb) which is 5 kg less than the 70 kg default value. The estimated median weight across all

age groups and gender is 67 kg (147 lb). The mean weight of females across all age groups is 59 kg (130

lb) while the mean for males across all age groups is 70 kg (154 lb). The estimated median weight for

females, across all age categories, is 61 kg (134 lb) while the estimated median weight for males is 76 kg

(167 lb).

Ten kilograms is the estimated mean body weight for children 2 years of age and younger. 

Children in the age category of 1 to 3 years weigh, on average, 14 kg. Mean body weights by gender are

the same or differ by at most one kilogram for children in the following age groups: younger than 6

months, 6 months to 1 year, 1 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, and 7 to 10 years of age. In the 11 to 14 years of

age category, females have an average weight of 50 kg while male children weigh 52 kg, on average. 

After the age of 3, mean body weights for females are less than those for males. In the 15 to 19 age

group, females weigh on average 61 kg while their male cohorts weigh 73 kg, on average.

Estimates in this chapter demonstrate that distributions of body weight show considerable
7-11

differences as age and gender are taken into account. The results presented here allow for evaluation of

the effects of these differences in different circumstances. The sensitivity of results to different

assumptions about body weight should be examined in any risk assessment analysis but it seems clear that

in cases where differences due to age and gender are likely to be important, these sensitivities are critical. 

In any case, use of age and gender based distributions of body weight should yield more accurate and

more appropriate results.
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8-1

8. DISCUSSION

All surveys have strengths and limitations when assessed against the specific objective being

addressed. Section 8.1 discusses the strengths and limitations of the USDA’s 1994–96, and 1998 CSFII

data for supporting the estimates reported in this document. Section 8.2 identifies and discusses sources

of possible bias and error in the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII with respect to water ingestion estimates. 

Section 8.3 presents the report conclusions, and Section 8.4 provides a listing of references used in this

report.

8.1 Survey Strengths and Limitations

The strengths of the USDA’s 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII survey for supporting estimates of per

capita water ingestion are twofold. First, the survey design is structured to obtain a statistically valid 

sample of the United States population. Second, the survey is designed to record daily intakes of foods

and nutrients and support estimation of food consumption. These features are in direct alignment with the

objective of producing current, per capita water ingestion estimates for the United States population and

for population subsets sensitive to potential contaminants in drinking water.

The 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII survey design allows the combination of the data collected in

the different years through a weighting scheme. This combination of the data collected over the four year

period provides a National sample of more than 20,000 respondents. Additionally, the 1998 survey

sampled more than 5,000 children younger than 9 years of age. With increased sample sizes, the

precision and accuracy of estimates are improved and the support for subpopulation estimates is

enhanced. This design structure, in conjunction with the implementation of a sampling protocol,

increases the sample’s representation of the United States population and minimizes possible seasonal

and/or regional bias from respondents. Low-income individuals and children younger than 9 years of age

are oversampled to ensure their representation in the sample and improve the precision of the estimates

for these groups. Finally, the survey weight associated with each respondent’s information to project the

response to the population has been adjusted for nonresponse bias. These adjustments were based on

sociodemographic factors. Nonresponse adjustments were also improved significantly, i.e. reduced, for 

these CSFII data. The response rate for participants with multiple days of food intake information is 77.4

percent for the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII, as opposed to approximately 45 percent for the 1989–1991

CSFII.

The method employed to collect dietary intake data also strengthened the CSFII design for

supporting per capita ingestion estimates. For example, the USDA’s 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII survey

was administered by an interviewer on both days of data collection. This administration provided

multiple passes through the day’s intake to facilitate more complete responses. Previous surveys have

relied on interviewer administration for the first day and self-administration on subsequent days. This

change in administration method insures consistency with respect to the recording of responses across

interview days.

 Previous CSFII surveys have collected dietary intake information on consecutive days. This

collection method raises issues about the contribution of within–individual variance and between day

correlation to overall estimates. The 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII collected data on 2 nonconsecutive

days so that the within-individual variance component and between day correlation is likely to be
8-2

diminished. The third change in data collection methods that facilitates completion of the objective of

this report is that previous surveys included all members of a household in the survey. The 1994–1996

and 1998 survey includes a subsample of household members with sampling rates varying to achieve

more responses from children and the elderly.

Another important feature of the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII that supports per capita estimation

of water ingestion is the questionnaire design. The questionnaire collects data on a household’s source of

drinking water and water used for the preparation of foods and beverages. It also allows a respondent to

indicate if water was ingested at home or away from home. This information directly supports the

assignment of water source for both direct and indirect water intake. The 1994–1996 CSFII Technical

Support Files supported the estimation of the amount of water ingested through food. This enhances the

estimation of indirect water ingestion and partitions it from water directly ingested as a beverage.

The limitations of the CSFII survey for supporting per capita ingestion estimates involve the

length of time data were collected, the influence of extreme values on estimates, and the availability of

information to support variance estimation. The CSFII survey collects two nonconsecutive days of data. 

Because daily averages are estimated from each respondent from only 2 days, the precision of an

individual’s daily average consumption is diminished. Also, the limited time period of dietary intake

collection does not produce usual intake estimates. Usual intakes are defined as “the long run average of

daily intakes of a dietary component by an individual” [see Nusser et al. (1996)]. Rather, the estimates

presented in this report characterize the empirical distribution of daily average per capita ingestion. 

Because the data from the CSFII are not usual intakes and some consumers report no direct and minimal

amounts of indirect water ingestion, while other consumers report over 2 L of ingestion, the empirical

distribution of daily average per capita ingestion can be skewed. 

Another limitation of the 1994–1996 CSFII is a function of the way that survey data are reported. 

Data from two variance estimation units are required to generate an estimate of the variance within a

variance estimation stratum (see Appendix D for a discussion of the CSFII sample design). These

variances are then summed across strata to generate a variance estimate for the subpopulation. For many

of the subpopulations evaluated in this report, numerous strata did not have information for two variance

estimation units. Because there is insufficient information in the naming convention, combining data

across like strata was not possible. Therefore, the survey did not support variance estimation for many of

the smaller reported subpopulations. Because of this, differences between means for these

subpopulations cannot be formally tested and interval estimates about the mean and upper percentiles

cannot be supplied. Interval estimates for the mean and upper percentiles can be calculated for the larger

subpopulations. Also, certain variables, such as region, are at a summary level. USDA has named the

States within a region. Estimates by State, however, are not trackable because USDA data do not contain

a variable identifying States. For this reason, water ingestion estimates by State are not possible. 

Statistically significant differences can be found by comparing the confidence intervals between

two independent groups. If the confidence intervals for the two groups do not overlap, then the estimates

for these groups are statistically significant at =0.10 level (Type I error equals 10 percent) since 90

percent confidence intervals are reported. For example, children 1 to 10 years old (90 percent confidence

interval about the mean is 378 to 412 mL/person/day) ingest significantly less community water than

children 11 to 19 years old (90 percent confidence interval about the mean is 634 to 733 mL/person/day)

(see Table 4.1.B1). 

A final limitation is that the survey does not support water ingestion estimates for small
8-3

subpopulations with different lifestyles, occupations, or activities. Examples of such subpopulations

include: 

People with traditional life styles (such as Native Americans and recent immigrants). 

People who live in hot climate areas. 

People who consume large amounts of water because of physical activity. 

People with health conditions that affect water ingestion, such as diabetes, kidney

disease, conditions requiring rapid rehydration needs (GI upsets, food poisoning), and

disorders of water and sodium metabolism. 

While individuals from these specific subpopulations are included in the survey and U.S.

population estimates, they were not targeted during survey design and thus do not occur in high enough

frequencies to support estimate generation. 

8.2 Sources of Error, Bias, and Uncertainty

All survey data contain errors despite the diligence of the design statistician, data collectors and 

respondents. These errors may ultimately lead to bias and uncertainty in the estimates calculated from

the data. Some errors are quantifiable, while others are not. Random error occurs in all measurement

processes. To quantify error and bias, we must know the true population values. In reality, these are not

known. In general, the estimation process assumes that the true population value is known and the error

is random or may be partitioned to assess components of the variance. In complex surveys, these

assumptions may be violated.

 In general, there are three sources of error in a survey. Two of these sources involve the survey

design and data collection. The third source of error is introduced during the use of the data. The

following paragraphs discuss these sources of error specific to the 1994–1996 and 1998 USDA’s CSFII

survey and its use to generate the estimates presented in this report.

The first source of error is attributed to the survey design. All designs are constructed to

minimize the coefficient of variation with respect to a given parameter. For the 1994–1996 and 1998

CSFII, the goal was to minimize the variance of the mean Day 1 saturated fat and iron intakes. In this

report, we address water ingestion. Thus, the design has not been specifically structured to minimize the

coefficient of variation with respect to water ingestion. Another design error is attributed to nonresponse

and how well the sample frame represents the population to be studied. The CSFII adjusts for these

through its sample weights. The method USDA used to derive survey sample weights is discussed in

Chapter 2 of this report. For the combined 4-year sample, the USDA estimates the variance inflation

factor (VIF) for 2-day respondents to be 2.50. The VIF is the anticipated proportional increase in the

variance of survey estimates resulting from the variation in weights and indicates that the VIF measures

“the broadly calculated average design effect” (CSFII survey documentation, p. 5–3 through 5–6).

The second source of error is measurement error. For the CSFII, this error presents itself in the

records of foods and beverages ingested by the participant. Measurement error in this case is comprised

of the amount of a food or beverage consumption reported and the completeness of the reported

consumption record. It is generally anticipated that food and beverage intakes are under–reported (Swan,

1983).

The third source of error is introduced when data are used. The first incidence of this occurring is
8-4

in the data coding and database building by the USDA. Other sources occur during applications of data

conventions, such as the recipe fields. As indicated in Chapter 3 of this report, assumptions were made

about sources of water and about which foods were prepared at home or by a food service establishment. 

8.3 Conclusion

The purpose of this study is to provide current estimates of per capita water ingestion in the

United States. Results are presented for the general U.S. population and for certain subpopulations

(gender and age categories, pregnant and lactating women). The data on water ingestion were obtained

from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII. The estimates report mean and

percentiles from empirical distributions for both direct (plain water ingested as a beverage) and indirect

water (water added to food and beverages during preparation). Commercial and natural water in the food

and beverages are not included in the analysis.

Two liters per person per day has been used as the default value for water ingestion by EPA,

other Federal agencies, and the WHO. This value is supported by the National Cancer Institute's report

(Ershow and Cantor, 1989) based on 1977–1978 survey data. The 2 L included the sum of direct and

indirect tap water ingestion and was the 88th percentile for the United States “consumers only”

population when excluding pregnant and lactating women and breastfed children. 

This analysis, based on 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII data, found that, for “consumers only,” an

estimated 90 percent of the “consumers only” population of the United States ingests 2 L/day or less of

community water. This analysis also found that approximately 84 percent of the “consumers only”

population ingests 2 L/day or less of total water (water from all sources) (see Figure 4.2.F). 

For babies younger than 1 year of age who ingested community water during the 2 survey days

(“consumers only”), this analysis showed that an estimated 90 percent ingested less than or equal to 1

L/day of community water. This is true for all evaluated age categories of children younger than 11. For

babies who ingested water from any source during the 2 survey days, this analysis showed that an

estimated 90 percent (but less than 95 percent) ingested less than or equal to 1 L/day of total water. For

all age categories younger than 11 years, 90 percent ingest less than or equal to 1.1 L/day of total water.

When considering water ingestion in units of milliliters per kilogram of body weight per day, this

analysis shows that the mean per capita ingestion rates for babies younger than one year are estimated to

be three to four times higher than the mean rates for the population as a whole. 

Our results show that pregnant women do not differ significantly in their water intake compared

with nonpregnant and nonlactating women of childbearing age (age 15–44). However, lactating women

ingest significantly more water than pregnant women and nonpregnant and nonlactating women of

childbearing age. These conclusions are a result of comparing the confidence intervals among the three

groups of women. 

The mean community water ingested by males is significantly higher than that ingested by

females in all age categories except for those children younger than 11 years old—both “consumers only”

and all individuals. This is also true for total water ingested by all individuals and “consumers only” aged

11 and younger. The highest mean per capita ingestion is found in males in the 20 years and older age

group.
8-5

 A comparison of ingestion by various sources, indicates that community water comprises 75

percent of the total water ingested by individuals in the U.S. population, followed by bottled water which

constitutes 13 percent of total water ingested while 12 percent is attributable to water from other sources.

The default body weights used in many risk assessments are 70 kg for the general population and

10 kg for children 2 years of age and younger. Section 7 of this report records the mean body weight

estimate from the 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII as 65 kg. This mean body weight for the U.S. population is

lower than the default value by 7 percent. The average weight for females is 59 kg, while males, on

average, weigh 70 kg. The estimated mean body weight for children younger than 2 years of age is 10 kg,

which is in keeping with the default value. 

The results presented may be used in risk assessment analyses where exposures that occur through

ingestion of water are of concern. The ingestion estimates presented provide the basis for evaluation of

the proportion of the population that may be affected under various exposure scenarios. 
8-6

8.4 References

Burmaster, David E. 1998. “Lognormal Distributions of Total Water Intake and Tap Water Intake by

Pregnant and Lactating Women in the United States”. Risk Analysis. Vol 18, 2: 215–219.

CSFII survey documentation, file 1. See USDA/ARS, 1996.

CSFII survey documentation, file 1. See USDA/ARS, 2000. 

DHHS (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services). 1996. 1996 Poverty Guidelines. Federal

Register 61(43):8286–8.

Efron, Bradley. 1982. The Jackknife, The Bootstrap, and Other Resampling Plans. Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

Ershow, Abby G., and Kenneth P. Cantor. 1989. Total Water and Tapwater Intake in the United States: 

Population–Based Estimates of Quantities and Sources. National Cancer Institute Order

 #263–Md–810264.

Ershow, Abby G., Linda M. Brown, and Kenneth P. Cantor. 1991. “Intake of Tapwater and Total Water

by Pregnant and Lactating Women”. American Journal of Public Health. 3: 328–34.

Executive order 13045 (1997). Protection of children from environmental health risks and safety risks,

issued April 21, 1997. Federal Register 62(78):19883–8. [Available from the Federal Register Online via

GPO Access, wais.access.gpo.gov.]

Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. 1953. Sample Survey Methods and Theory. Volume

I: Methods and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: pp. 399 and 419.

Kennedy, W. J., and J. E. Gentle. 1980. Statistical Computing. New York, New York: Marcel Dekker,

Inc.: p. 224.

Life Sciences Research Office (LSRO), Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 

Prepared for the Interagency Board for Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research. Third Report on

Nutrition Monitoring in the United States: Volume 1. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

D.C. 1995. [Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/other/miscpub/nutflyer.htm.] 

National Research Council (NRC). 1986. Nutrient Adequacy, Assessment Using Food Consumption

Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Nusser, S. M., A. L. Carriquiry, K. W. Dodd, and W. A. Fuller. 1996. “A Semiparametric

Transformation Approach to Estimating Usual Intake Distributions.” Journal of the American Statistical

Association 91:1440–9.

Recommended Dietary Allowances. 1989. 10th ed., National Academy Press. Washington, D.C.

Shah, B. V., et al. April 1996. Statistical Methods and Mathematical Algorithms Used in SUDAAN

Release 7.0. Research Triangle Institute: pp. 2–5.
8-7

Swan, P. B. 1983. “Food Consumption by Individuals in the United States: two major surveys.” Annual

Review of Nutrition 3:413–32.

United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Administrator. 1995. Policy on

Evaluating Health Risks to Children. [Available at http://epa.gov/osa/spc/htm/2poleval.htm.]

USDA/ARS (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service). 2000. 1994–1996, and

1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and 1994–1996 Diet and Health Knowledge

Survey. CD–ROM, accession number PB98–500457. [Available from the National Technical

Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Phone: (703) 487–4650.] 

Woodruff, R. S. 1971. “A Simple Method for Approximating the Variance of a Complicated Estimate.” 

Journal of the American Statistical Association 66:411–4. 
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APPENDICES TABLE OF CONTENTS

Appendix Page

APPENDIX A: CSFII Survey Questions Pertaining to Water Ingestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A–1

APPENDIX B: Examples of Procedures Used in the Estimation of Indirect Water Ingestion . . . . . . . . B–1

APPENDIX B1: Examples for Estimating the Proportion of Indirect Water in 100 Grams 

 of a Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–3

APPENDIX B2: Examples for Estimating Preparation Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–7

APPENDIX B3: USDA Guidance and Examples for the Calculation of P% and GUi . . . . . . B–9

APPENDIX C: 1994–1996, 1998 CSFII Food Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C–1

APPENDIX C1: Assumptions for the Assignment of Water Type for 3-digit Food Code 

 Series in the USDA 1994–1996, 1998 CSFII Recipe Database . . . . . . . . . . C–3

APPENDIX C2: Listing of All 3-digit Food Codes in the USDA 1994–1996, 1998 CSFII Recipe 

 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C–5

APPENDIX C3: Proportion of Indirect Water per 100 Grams of USDA 1994–1996 

 CSFII Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C–13

APPENDIX C4: Proportion of Indirect Water per 100 Grams of Ingested USDA 1998 CSFII 

Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C–44

APPENDIX D: Statistical Methods and Sample Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D–1

APPENDIX E: Per Capita Water Ingestion Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E–1

APPENDIX F: SAB Report and EPA Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F–1

APPENDIX F1: SAB Report

APPENDIX F2: EPA Response
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A-1

Appendix A

CSFII Survey Questions Pertaining to Water Ingestion

Chapter 3 of this report defines the data conventions applied to assign source and amount of water

ingested by the respondent. These conventions are predicated on participant responses to survey

questions. This appendix lists the questions used to assign source classifications, record the amount of

water ingested by a participant, and identify food sources. These questions were extracted from the

USDA’s 1994–96 and 1998 CSFII survey instrument, “WHAT WE EAT IN AMERICA.”
A-2

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A-3

APPENDIX A

CSFII Survey Questions Pertaining to Water Ingestion

Record Type 15: Households.

Name Position W T

HHID 3-7 5 N Household identification number.

 Applies to all records.

 10001 - 52999 = HHID

H2O_COOK 103-104 2 N H18. What is the main source of the water

 used for cooking in your home?

 Applies to all records.

 1 = Community water supply

 2 = Well or rain cistern (household’s)

 3 = Spring (household’s or public)

 4 = Bottled water (purchased)

 96 = Other

 98 = Don’t know

 99 = Not ascertained

H2O_BEVR 105-106 2 N H19. What is the main source of the water

 used in your home for preparing beverages

 such as coffee, tea, juices, and baby

 formula?

 Applies to all records.

 1 = Community water supply

 2 = Well or rain cistern (household’s)

 3 = Spring (household’s or public)

 4 = Bottled water (purchased)
A-4

 96 = Other

 98 = Don’t know

 99 = Not ascertained

H2O_DRNK 107-108 2 N H20. What is the main source of plain

 drinking water in your home?

 Applies to all records.

 1 = Community water supply

 2 = Well or rain cistern (household’s)

 3 = Spring (household’s or public)

 4 = Bottled water (purchased)

 96 = Other

 98 = Don’t know

 99 = Not ascertained

Record Type 25: Sample Persons.

Name Position W T

 HHID 3-7 5 N Household identification number.

 Applies to all records.

 10001 - 52999 = HHID

 SPNUM 8-9 2 N Sample person (SP) number.

 Applies to all records.

 1 - 23 = SP number

Now I’d like you to think about all of the plain drinking water that

(you/NAME) had yesterday, regardless of where (you/he/she) drank it. By

plain drinking water I mean tap water or any bottled water that is not

carbonated, with nothing added to it, not even lemon.
A-5

D1_H2O_O 136-138 3 N DA15. How many fluid ounces of plain drinking water did you drink

 yesterday - day 1?

 Applies to all records.

 * 0 = None

 1 - 995 = Fluid ounces

 998 = Don’t know

 999 = Not ascertained

 * Skip D1_H2O_H - D1_H2O_A

D1_H2O_H 139 1 N DA16. How much of this plain drinking water

 came from your home? Would you say all,

 most, some, or none - day 1?

 Applies if: D1_H2O_O > 0

 * 1 = All

 2 = Most

 3 = Some

 4 = None

 8 = Don’t know

 9 = Not ascertained

 * Skip D1_H2O_A

D1_H2O_A 140 1 N DA17. What was the main source of plain

 drinking water that did not come from your

 home? Was it tap water, water from a

 drinking fountain, bottled water, or

 something else - day 1?

 Applies if: D1_H2O_H > 1

 1 = Tap water / drinking fountain

 2 = Bottled water

 6 = Other

 8 = Don’t know
A-6

 9 = Not ascertained

 Blank = Not applicable

Now I’d like you to think about all of the plain drinking water that

(you/NAME) had yesterday, regardless of where (you/he/she) drank it. By

plain drinking water I mean tap water or any bottled water that is not

carbonated, with nothing added to it, not even lemon.

D2_H2O_O 159-161 3 N DB13. How many fluid ounces of plain

 drinking water did you drink yesterday - day 2?

 Applies if: COMP_D2 = 1

 * 0 = None

 1 - 995 = Fluid ounces

 998 = Don’t know

 999 = Not ascertained

 Blank = Not applicable

 * Skip D2_H2O_H - D2_H2O_A

D2_H2O_H 162 1 N DB14. How much of this plain drinking water

 came from your home? Would you say all,

 most some, or none - day 2?

 Applies if: D2_H2O_O > 0

 * 1 = All

 2 = Most

 3 = Some

 4 = None

 8 = Don’t know

 9 = Not ascertained

 Blank = Not applicable

 * Skip D2_H2O_A

D2_H2O_A 163 1 N DB15. What was the main source of plain
A-7

 drinking water that did not come from your

 home? Was it tap water, water from a

 drinking fountain, bottled water, or

 something else - day 2?

 Applies if: D2_H2O_H > 1

 1 = Tap water / drinking fountain

 2 = Bottled water

 6 = Other

 8 = Don’t know

 9 = Not ascertained

 Blank = Not applicable

Record Type 30: Food Items.

Name Position W T

HHID 3-7 5 N Household identification number.

 Applies to all records.

 10001 - 52999 = HHID

SPNUM 8-9 2 N Sample person (SP) number.

 Applies to all records.

 1 - 23 = SP number

DAYCODE 64 1 N Day 1 / day 2 indicator.

 Applies to all records.

 1 = Day 1

 2 = Day 2
A-8

FOODCODE 67-74 8 N Food code. See File 4, “Food Codes and

 Abbreviated Descriptions” (Chapter 11 on the

 CD-ROM). Complete documentation of the Food

 Coding Data Base, nutrient Data Base, and

 other supporting files used in processing

 the CSFII 1994 is available in a directory

 on the CD-ROM [CD-ROM drive]:\TSF1994. For

 more information see the README.TXT file in

 the root directory of the CD-ROM.

 Applies to all records.

 * 11000000 = Human milk

 11100000 - 99999999 = Food code

 * Skip FOODAMT.

MODCODE 75-80 6 N Recipe modification code. Indicates

 predefined survey recipe was modified to

 capture some specific information provided

 by the respondent. See Section 2.3, “Data

 Processing.” Modified recipes are found in

 a directory on the CD-ROM [CD-ROM drive]:\

 TSF1994. For more information see the

 README.TXT file in the root directory of

 this CD-ROM.

 Applies to all records.

 0 = No modification

 100000 - 999999 = Modification code

FOODAMT 81-88 8 N2 Amount of food in grams.

 Note: there is a non-zero amount for all

 foods except human milk (FOODCODE =

 11000000).

 Applies if: FOODCODE > 11000000
A-9

 0.01 - 99999.99 = Amount in grams

 Blank = Not applicable

FOODSRCE 100-101 2 N I7. Where was the food item obtained?

 Applies to all records.

 1 = Store

 2 = Restaurant with table service

 3 = Fast food place, pizza place

 4 = Bar, tavern, lounge

 5 = School cafeteria

 6 = Other cafeteria

 7 = Vending machine

 8 = Child care center, family day

 care home, adult day care

 9 = Soup kitchen, shelter, food

 pantry

 10 = Meals on Wheels

 11 = Other community food program

 12 = Grown or caught by you or

 someone you know

 13 = Someone else / gift

 14 = Mail order purchase

 15 = Common coffee pot or snack tray

 16 = Residential dining facility

 * 20 = Not applicable, breast-feeding

 71 = Fish or seafood caught by you or

 someone you know and coming

 from: freshwater lake, pond, or

 river

 72 = Fish or seafood caught by you or

 someone you know and coming

 from: ocean

 73 = Fish or seafood caught by you or

 someone you know and coming

 from: bay, sound, or estuary

 74 = Fish or seafood caught by you or

 someone you know and coming
A-10

 from: don’t know body of water

 96 = Other

 98 = Don’t know

 99 = Not ascertained

 * Skip EATHOME - EVERHOME.
B-1

Appendix B

Examples of Procedures Used in the Estimation of Indirect Water Ingestion

This appendix is comprised of three subsections. Appendix B1 provides examples of estimating

the proportion of indirect water in 100 grams of a food code. USDA–supplied examples for estimating the

amount of preparation water in foods appear in Appendix B2. Finally, Appendix B3 presents USDA

guidance and examples for calculation of p% and GUi.
B-2

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
B-3

APPENDIX B1

Examples for Estimating the Proportion of Indirect Water in 100 Grams of a Food

Definitions: 

Food code = An 8 digit number assigned to each unique food in the Food Coding Database.

Mod number = Identifies a specific recipe modification.

Food code description = Food descriptions provided to each unique food in the Food Coding Database.

M% = Moisture change during cooking.

F% = Fat change during cooking.

Ingredient code = A 5 digit number assigned to recipe ingredients.

Ingredient description = Ingredient description provided in the USDA Recipe Database files, RECING.TXT and MODING.TXT.

Grams = Amount (grams) of recipe ingredients based on recipes defined by USDA.

P% = Ingredient amount as a percent of the prepared product. Calculated using method provided in Appendix B3, "USDA Guidance and Examples 

for the Calculation of P% and GUi."

G_am = Grams absorbed moisture per 100 grams cooked ingredient. Applies to pre–cooked pasta, rice, and cereals. Calculated using the “total solids” 

method provided by USDA in Appendix B2 "Examples for Estimating Preparation Water."

P_m = Proportion of moisture in 100 grams of food as ingested. Obtained from the USDA WTR_FC file when available. Otherwise calculated by EPA 

contractor, SAIC, using the formula:

P_m = (P%)(G_am/100)

A_h = Assumed percent of ingredient that is home/restaurant prepared.

G_i = Proportion of indirect preparation water per 100 grams of food. Calculated by EPA contractor, SAIC, using the formula:

G_i = (P_m)(A_h/100)
B-4

Examples in which the P_m is calculated by USDA. 1. Food code with recipe water ingredient.

Food code: 92530910, modification code: 100424, Lemonade with vitamin C added made from frozen concentrate w/ 4 cans of water. 

M%= 0.0 F%= 0.0

Ingredient code Ingredient name Grams P% G_am P_m A_h G_i

14292 Lemonade, frz, conc, white 438

14429 * Water, municipal 1,422 0.7645 100% 0.7645

Total 1,860 0.7645

* Ingredient contains preparation water.

2. Food code with pre–cooked pasta ingredient

Food code: 56101010. Mod code: 0. Macaroni, cooked, fat not added in cooking. 

Ingredient code Ingredient name Grams P% G_am P_m A_h G_i

20100 * Macaroni, ckd, enr 100.00 0.6161 100% 0.6161

02047 Salt, table 0.60

Total 0.6161

* Contains preparation water.
B-5

Examples in which P_m is calculated by EPA contractor, SAIC:

3. Food code with pre–cooked rice ingredient.

Food code: 58156410. Modcode: 0. Rice with onions, Puerto Rican Style. M%=31.2 F5=0.0

Ingredient code Ingredient name Grams P% G_am P_m A_h G_i

04610 Margarine 56.70 0.1014

11282 Onions, raw 70.00 0.0848

11264 Mushrooms, cnd, drained 98.63 0.1184

20045 * Rice, white, long, reg, ckd, enr 237.00 0.3265 64.2906 .2099 100% .2099

06045 Soup, onion, cond, comm 298.00 0.3688

Total 1.0000 .2099

* Contains preparation water.

4. Food code with pre–cooked legume ingredient.

Food code: 41106010. Modcode: 0. Red kidney beans, dry, cooked, fat added in cooking. M%=0.0 F%=0.0

Ingredient code Ingredient name Grams P% G_am P_m A_h G_i

16033 * Beans, kidney, red, mature, bld 92.00 0.9154 62.5382 0.5725 50% .2862

10165 Pork, cured, salt, raw 8.00 0.0796

02047 Salt, table 0.50 0.0050

Total 1.0000 .2862

* Contains preparation water.
B-6

5. Food code with two recipe ingredients that contain preparation water.

Food code: 58160110. Modcode: 0. Rice with beans. M%=0.0 F%=0.0.

Ingredient code Ingredient name Grams P% G_am P_m A_h G_i

20045 * Rice, white, long, reg, ckd, enr 158.00 0.4497 64.2906 0.2835 100% .2835

16050 * Beans, white, mature, bld 179.00 0.4996 58.3672 0.2916 100% .2916

02047 Salt, table 2.40 0.0067

04610 Margarine, reg, stick, comp 18.92 0.0528

Total 1.0000 .5751

* Contains preparation water.

6. Food code with brewed tea ingredient.

Food code: 92302200. Modcode: 0. Tea, leaf, pre–sweetened with sugar. M%=0.0. F%=0.0.

Ingredient code Ingredient name Grams P% G_am P_m A_h G_i

14355 * Tea, brewed 236.80 0.9499 . 0.9499 100% 0.9499

19335 Sugars, granulated 12.50 0.0501

Total 1.0000 0.9499

* Contains preparation water.
B-7

APPENDIX B2

Examples for Estimating Preparation Water 

Examples illustrating how preparation water can be estimated per 100 grams of cooked pasta, rice, legumes (dried beans and peas), and

cereal grains such as bulgur, oatmeal, farina.

Estimates based on the total solids approach:

Total solids = 100 – moisture

Source for moisture value: 

CSFII 1994–96 Survey Nutrient Database, Nutrient code 255

Basic algorithms: 

[TS/100g cooked x 100] / TS/100g dry = gm dry ingr/100g ckd

100g cooked – gm dry ing/100g ckd = gm prep water/100g ckd

Example 1: Cooked rice, white, long-grain, regular 

PDS code Moisture Total Solids

cooked rice 20045 68.44 31.56

dry rice 20044 11.62 88.38

[ 31.56 x 100 ] / 88.38 = 35.709 gm dry ingred/100g cooked

If 100 grams dry rice has 88.38 grams total solids, 35.709 grams dry rice would provide 31.56 grams total solids, the

same as in 100 grams cooked rice.

100 – 35.709 = 64.291 gm prep water/100g cooked

Since 100 grams cooked rice has 35.709 grams dry rice, the remainder is assumed to be water absorbed during

preparation.

Example 2: Cooked (egg) noodles

PDS code Moisture Total Solids

cooked noodle 20110 68.70 31.30

dry noodle 20109 9.67 90.33

[ 31.30 x 100 ]/90.33 = 34.651 gm dry ingred /100g cooked

 100 – 34.651 = 65.349 gm prep water /100g cooked

Notes: 

Minor adjustments could be made to estimates of preparation water when rice, pasta, legumes, cooked cereal grains, etc. contain salt;

however, the change is probably less than one percent. 

The cooking yields for rice, pasta, dry beans, etc can be quite variable. For example, rice yields range between 243 to 375 (mean is

308).
B-8

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
B-9

APPENDIX B3

USDA Guidance and Examples for the Calculation of P% and GUi

Example 1: No moisture or fat change

Follow the steps/calculations below to calculate the amount of each ingredient required to prepare 100 grams of the food (GUi), and the amount of each ingredient as a proportion of the prepared food within

each individual recipe.

Recipe

Yield

Moist.

Change

Fat

Change

Fat

Code

(Ryld) (M_chg) (F_chg) (F_Code)

11513100 Cocoa and sugar mixture, whole milk 100.00 0.0 0.0 0

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Recipe

Code

Ingredient

Code Ingredient description

Retn

code

Recipe

ingred

amount

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

Amount

of

moist.

in

100 gms

ingred

Amount

of

ingred

moist.

in 100

gms of

recipe

Ingred

moist. as percent

of

recipe

total

Amount

of

moist.

lost

per

ingred

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

adjuste

d

for loss

Ingred

amount as percent

of

prepared

product

Ingred

amount

needed

to

prepare

100 gms

of

product

(Gmi) (Gmi_100) (M_100) (Mi) (Mi%) (Mi–) (Pgmi) (P%) (GUi)

11513100 1077 Milk, whl, 3.3% fat 0 244.000 91.7293 87.990 80.7126 0.99908 0.0000 91.7293 0.91729 91.729

11513100 14175 Choc flav bev mix 0 22.000 8.2707 0.900 0.0744 0.00092 0.0000 8.2707 0.08271 8.271

Recipe totals: 266.00 100.000 80.7871 1.00000 0.0000 100.000 1.00000

Steps/Calculations: (1) Gmi = Values are from the 1994–96 CSFII Recipe Database

(2) Gmi_100 = (Gmi/sum(Gmi)) * 100

(3) Mi_100 = Values are obtained from the 1994–96 CSFII Nutrient Database

(4) Mi = Gmi_100 * (M_100/100)

(5) Mi% = Mi/sum(Mi)

(6) Mi– = Mi% * M_chg

(7) Pgmi = Gmi_100 + (Mi–)

(8) P% = Pgmi/sum(Pgmi)

(9) Gui = (Gmi_100/Ryld) * 100
B-10

Example 2: A moisture loss and no fat change

Follow the steps/calculations below to calculate the amount of each ingredient required to prepare 100 grams of the food (GUi), and the amount of each ingredient as a proportion of the prepared food within

each individual recipe.

Recipe

Yield

Moist.

Change

Fat

Change

Fat

Code

(Ryld) (M_chg) (F_chg) (F_Code)

11512500 Spanish–style hot chocolate drink 87.00 –13.0 0.0 0

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Recipe

Code

Ingredient

Code Ingredient description

Retn

code

Recipe

ingred

amount

Ingred

amount

in

100

gms of

recipe

Amount

of

moist.

in 100 gm

ingred

Amount

of

ingred

moist.

in 100

gms of

recipe

Ingred

moist. as percent

of

recipe

total

Amount

of

moist.

lost

per

ingred

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

adjuste

d

for loss

Ingred

amount as percent

of

prepared

product

Ingred

amount

needed

to

prepare

100 gms

of

product

(Gmi) (Gmi_100) (M_100) (Mi) (Mi%) (Mi–) (Pgmi) (P%) (GUi)

11512500 1096 Milk, cnd, evap, whl 2151 756.000 47.8273 74.040 35.4113 0.44053 –5.7268 42.1005 0.48391 54.974

11512500 2010 Cinnamon, ground 0 0.287 0.0182 9.520 0.0017 0.00002 –0.0003 0.0179 0.00021 0.021

11512500 14429 Water, municipal 0 711.000 44.9804 99.900 44.9355 0.55901 –7.2671 37.7133 0.43349 51.702

11512500 19081 Candies, swt choc 0 113.400 7.1741 0.500 0.0359 0.00045 –0.0058 7.1683 0.08239 8.246

Recipe totals: 1580.69 100.0000 80.3844 1.00000 –13.000 87.0000 1.00000

Steps/Calculations: (1) Gmi = Values are from the 1994–96 CSFII Recipe Database

(2) Gmi_100 = (Gmi/sum(Gmi)) * 100

(3) Mi_100 = Values are obtained from the 1994–96 CSFII Nutrient Database

(4) Mi = Gmi_100 * (M_100/100)

(5) Mi% = Mi/sum(Mi)

(6) Mi– = Mi% * M_chg

(7) Pgmi = Gmi_100 + (Mi–)

(8) P% = Pgmi/sum(Pgmi)

(9) Gui = (Gmi_100/Ryld) * 100
B-11

Example 3: A moisture loss and a fat gain

Follow the steps/calculations below to calculate the amount of each ingredient required to prepare 100 grams of the food (GUi), and the amount of each ingredient as a proportion of the prepared food within

each individual recipe.

Recipe

Yield

Moist.

Change

Fat

Change

Fat

Code

(Ryld) (M_chg) (F_chg) (F_Code)

56201520 Cornmeal mush, fried 36.00 –65.1 1.1 4615

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Recipe

Code

Ingredient

Code Ingredient description

Retn

code

Recipe

ingred

amount

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

Amount

of

moist.

in

100 gms

ingred

Amount

of

ingred

moist.

in 100

gms of

recipe

Ingred

moist. as percent

of

recipe

total

Amount

of

moist.

lost

per

ingred

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

adjuste

d

for loss

Ingred

amount as percent

of

prepared

product

Ingred

amount

needed

to

prepare

100 gms

of

product

(Gmi) (Gmi_100) (M_100) (Mi) (Mi%) (Mi–) (Pgmi) (P%) (GUi)

56201520 2047 Salt, table 0 3.000 0.2755 0.200 0.0006 0.00001 –0.0004 0.2751 0.00764 0.765

56201520 4615 fat_added 0 — 1.1000 0.000 0.0000 0.00000 0.0000 1.1000 0.03056 3.056

56201520 14429 Water, municipal 0 948.000 87.0523 99.900 86.9653 0.98339 –64.0184 23.0339 0.63983 241.812

56201520 20022 Cornmeal, degermed, enr, yel 305 138.000 12.6722 11.590 1.4687 0.01661 –1.0812 11.5910 0.32197 35.200

Recipe totals: 1089.00 101.1000 88.4345 1.00000 –65.1000 36.0000 1.00000

Steps/Calculations: (1) Gmi = Values are from the 1994–96 CSFII Recipe Database

(2) Gmi_100 = (Gmi/sum(Gmi)) * 100

(3) Mi_100 = Values are obtained from the 1994–96 CSFII Nutrient Database

(4) Mi = Gmi_100 * (M_100/100)

(5) Mi% = Mi/sum(Mi)

(6) Mi– = Mi% * M_chg

(7) Pgmi = Gmi_100 + (Mi–)

(8) P% = Pgmi/sum(Pgmi)

(9) Gui = (Gmi_100/Ryld) * 100
B-12

Example 4: No moisture or fat change but an ingredient with a moisture loss

This situation requires calculating P% and GUi amounts for ingredients of ingredients in a foodcode recipe using a two stage process:

Stage I. Calculate the amount of each ingredient required to prepare 100 grams of the food (GUi) and the amount of each ingredient as a proportion of the prepared food within each individual

recipe. [Comparable to examples 1+2]

Stage II. Where an ingredient has a recipe (e.g., the ingredient 53114200 in the recipe 53114150), merge it’s ingredient information with the foodcode recipe ingredient information and calculate

compound ingredient P% and Gui amounts.

Stage I.

Recipe

Yield

Moist.

Change

Fat

Change

Fat

Code

(Ryld) (M_chg) (F_chg) (F_Code)

Foodcode Recipe: 53114150 Cake, lemon, lowfat, NS as to icing 100.0 0.0 0.0 0

Ingredient Recipe: 53114200 Cake, lemon, lowfat, without icing 80.00 –20.0 0.0 0

Ingredient Recipe: 91305020 Icing, white 100.00 0.0 0.0 0

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Recipe

Code

Ingredient

Code Ingredient description

Retn

code

Recipe

ingred

amount

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

Amount

of

moist.

in 

100 gms

ingred

Amount

of

ingred

moist.

in 100

gms of

recipe

Ingred

moist. as percent

of

recipe

total

Amount

of

moist.

lost

per

ingred

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

adjusted

for loss

Ingred

amount as percent

of

prepared

product

Ingred

amount

needed

to

prepare

100 gms

of

product

(Gmi) (Gmi_100) (M_100) (Mi) (Mi%) (Mi–) (Pgmi) (P%) (GUi)

53114150 53114200 Cake, lemon, lowfat, w/o icing 0 786.000 62.9808 29.617 18.6530 0.85379 0.0000 62.9808 0.62981 62.981

53114150 91305020 Icing, white 0 462.000 37.0192 8.629 3.1944 0.14621 0.0000 37.0192 0.37019 37.019

Recipe Totals: 1248.00 100.0000 21.8474 1.00000 0.0000 100.0000 1.00000

53114200 1123 Eggs, chick, whl, raw/frz 101 100.000 10.8217 75.330 8.1520 0.18657 –3.7314 7.0903 0.08863 13.527

53114200 14429 Water, municipal 0 308.100 33.3416 99.900 33.3083 0.76231 –15.2463 18.0954 0.22619 41.677

53114200 18142 Cake, yel, dry mix, pudd–type 301 515.970 55.8367 4.000 2.2335 0.05112 –1.0223 54.8144 0.68518 69.796

Recipe Totals: 924.07 100.0000 43.6937 1.00000 –20.0000 80.0000 1.00000

91305020 2047 Salt, table 0 1.500 0.2619 0.200 0.0005 0.00006 0.0000 0.2619 0.00262 0.262

91305020 2050 Vanilla extract 0 4.333 0.7566 52.580 0.3978 0.04610 0.0000 0.7566 0.00757 0.757

91305020 4610 Margarine, reg, stick, comp, 80% fat 0 75.125 13.1181 15.700 2.0595 0.23869 0.0000 13.1181 0.13118 13.118

91305020 19336 Sugars, pdr 0 453.600 79.2061 0.300 0.2376 0.02754 0.0000 79.2061 0.79206 79.206

91305020 11100000 Milk, nfs 0 38.125 6.6573 89.121 5.9330 0.68761 0.0000 6.6573 0.06657 6.657

91305020 Recipe Totals: 572.68 100.0000 8.6285 1.00000 0.0000 100.0000 1.00000

Steps/Calculations: (1) Gmi = Values are from the 1994–96 CSFII Recipe Database

(2) Gmi_100 = (Gmi/sum(Gmi)) * 100

(3) Mi_100 = Values are obtained from the 1994–96 CSFII Nutrient Database

(4) Mi = Gmi_100 * (M_100 / 100)
B-13

(5) Mi% = Mi/sum(Mi)

(6) Mi– = Mi% * M_chg

(7) Pgmi = Gmi_100 + (Mi–)

(8) P% = Pgmi/sum(Pgmi)

(9) Gui = (Gmi_100/Ryld) * 100

Stage II.

Foodcode recipe information

Ingredient recipe information

in 100 grams of ingredient (1) (2)

Recipe

code Rec yld

Ingred.

Code

Ingred

Gmi_100

Ingred.

P%

Ingred.

GUi Rec yld

Ingred.

Code

Ingred

Gmi_100

Ingred.

P%

Ingred.

GUi

Compound

P%

Compound

GUi

(Ryld) (Gmi_100) (P%) (GUi) (I_Ryld) (I_Gmi_100) (I_P%) (I_GUi) (C_P%) (C_GUi)

53114150 100.0 53114200 62.9808 0.62981 62.981 80.0 1123 10.8217 0.08863 13.527 0.05582 8.519

14429 33.3416 0.22619 41.677 0.14246 26.249

18142 55.8367 0.68518 69.796 0.43153 43.958

Ingredient recipe subtotals: 0.62981 78.726

91305020 37.0192 0.37019 37.019 100.0 2047 0.2619 0.00262 0.262 0.00097 0.097

2050 0.7566 0.00757 0.757 0.00280 0.280

4610 13.1181 0.13118 13.118 0.04856 4.856

19336 79.2061 0.79206 79.206 0.29321 29.322

11100000 6.6573 0.06657 6.657 0.02465 2.464

Ingredient recipe subtotals: 0.37019 37.019

Foodcode recipe totals: 1.00000 115.745

Steps/Calculations: (1) C_P% = P% * I_P%

(2) C_GUi = ( (Gmi_100/Ryld) * (I_Gmi_100/I_Rydl) * 100
B-14

Example 5: A moisture loss and an ingredient with a moisture loss

This situation requires calculating nested ingredient amounts in a two stage process:

Stage I. Calculate the amount of each ingredient required to prepare 100 grams of the food (GUi) and the amount of each ingredient as a proportion of the prepared food within each individual

recipe. [Comparable to example 2]

Stage II. Where an ingredient has a recipe (e.g., the ingredient 53116000 in the recipe 13210160), merge it’s ingredient information with the foodcode recipe ingredient information and calculate

compound ingredient P% and GUi amounts.

Stage I. Recipe

Yield

Moist.

Change

Fat

Change

Fat

Code

(Ryld) (M_chg) (F_chg) (F_Code)

Foodcode Recipe: 13210160 Diplomat pudding, Puerto Rican sty 65.40 –34.6 0.0 0

Ingredient Recipe: 53116000 Cake, pound, without icing 88.00 –12.0 0.0 0

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Recipe

Code

Ingredient

Code Ingredient description

Retn

code

Recipe

ingred

amount

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

Amount

of

moist.

in 

100 gms

ingred

Amount

of

ingred

moist.

in 100

gms of

recipe

Ingred

moist. as percent

of

recipe

total

Amount

of

moist.

lost

per

ingred

Ingred

amount

in 100

gms of

recipe

adjusted

for loss

Ingred

amount as percent

of

prepared

product

Ingred

amount

needed

to

prepare

100 gms

of

product

(Gmi) (Gmi_100) (M_100) (Mi) (Mi%) (Mi–) (Pgmi) (P%) (GUi)

13210160 1077 Milk, whl, 3.3% fat 2152 488.000 30.8307 87.990 27.1279 0.45434 –15.7201 15.1107 0.23105 47.142

13210160 1123 Eggs, chick, whl, raw/frz 101 300.000 18.9533 75.330 14.2775 0.23912 –8.2735 10.6798 0.16330 28.981

13210160 2010 Cinnamon, ground 0 1.150 0.0727 9.520 0.0069 0.00012 –0.0040 0.0686 0.00105 0.111

13210160 2047 Salt, table 0 0.750 0.0474 0.200 0.0001 0.00000 –0.0001 0.0473 0.00072 0.072

13210160 9100 Fruit cocktail, cnd, hvy syrup 151 248.000 15.6681 80.400 12.5971 0.21098 –7.2998 8.3683 0.12796 23.957

13210160 9156 Lemon peel, raw 0 6.000 0.3791 81.600 0.3093 0.00518 –0.1792 0.1998 0.00306 0.580

13210160 14429 Water, municipal 0 4.937 0.3119 99.900 0.3116 0.00522 –0.1806 0.1313 0.00201 0.477

13210160 19335 Sugars, granulated 0 200.000 12.6355 0.000 0.0000 0.00000 0.0000 12.6355 0.19320 19.320

13210160 42222 Sweet liqueur, bkd 46–60 min 0 34.000 2.1480 46.200 0.9924 0.01662 –0.5751 1.5730 0.02405 3.284

13210160 53116000 Cake, pound, w/o icing 301 300.000 18.9533 21.558 4.0860 0.06843 –2.3677 16.5856 0.25360 28.981

Recipe totals: 1582.84 100.000 59.7089 1.00000 –34..6000 65.4000 1.00000

53116000 1123 Eggs, chick, whl, raw/frz 101 150.000 25.2838 75.330 19.0463 0.61497 –7.3796 17.9041 0.20346 28.732

53116000 2047 Salt, table 0 1.002 0.1689 0.200 0.0003 0.00001 –0.0001 0.1688 0.00192 0.192

53116000 4610 Margarine, reg, stick, comp, 80% fat 0 84.600 14.2600 15.700 2.2388 0.07229 –0.8675 13.3926 0.15219 16.205

53116000 14429 Water, municipal 0 0.617 0.1040 99.900 0.1039 0.00335 –0.0403 0.0637 0.00072 0.118

53116000 18369 Baking pdr, double–acting, NaAlSO4 0 2.875 0.4846 5.000 0.0242 0.00078 –0.0094 0.4752 0.00540 0.551

53116000 19335 Sugars, granulated 0 150.000 25.2838 0.000 0.0000 0.00000 0.0000 25.2838 0.28732 28.732

53116000 20084 Wheat flr, white, cake, enr 301 163.500 27.5593 12.510 3.4477 0.11132 –1.3358 26.2235 0.29799 31.317

53116000 11100000 Milk, nfs 2152 40.672 6.8556 89.121 6.1098 0.19727 –2.3673 4.4883 0.05100 7.790

Recipe totals: 593.27 100.0000 30.9710 1.00000 –12.0000 88.0000 1.00000

Steps/Calculations: (1) Gmi = Values are from the 1994–96 CSFII Recipe Database

(2) Gmi_100 = (Gmi/sum(Gmi)) * 100

(3) Mi_100 = Values are obtained from the 1994–96 CSFII Nutrient Database
B-15

(4) Mi = Gmi_100 * (M_100/100)

(5) Mi% = Mi/sum(Mi)

(6) Mi– = Mi% * M_chg

(7) Pgmi = Gmi_100 + (Mi–)

(8) P% = Pgmi/sum(Pgmi)

(9) Gui = (Gmi_100/Ryld) * 100

Stage II.

Foodcode recipe information

Ingredient recipe information

in 100 grams of ingredient (1) (2)

Recipe

code Rec yld

Ingred.

Code

Ingred

Gm1_100

Ingred.

P%

Ingred.

GUi Rec yld

Ingred.

Code

Ingred

Gm1_100

Ingred.

P%

Ingred.

GUi

Compound

P%

Compound

GUi

(Ryld) (Gmi_100) (P%) (GUi) (I_Ryld) (I_Gmi_100) (I_P%) (I_GUi) (C_P%) (C_GUi)

13210160 65.4 1077 30.8307 0.23105 47.142 0.23105 47.142

1123 18.9533 0.16330 28.981 0.16330 28.981

2010 0.0727 0.00105 0.111 0.00105 0.111

2047 0.0474 0.00072 0.072 0.00072 0.072

9100 15.6681 0.12796 23.957 0.12796 23.957

9156 0.3791 0.00306 0.580 0.00306 0.580

14429 0.3119 0.00201 0.477 0.00201 0.477

19335 12.6355 0.19320 19.320 0.19320 19.320

42222 2.1480 0.02405 3.284 0.02405 3.284

Subtotals: 0.74640 123.924

53116000 18.9533 0.25360 28.981 88.0 1123 25.2838 0.20346 28.732 0.05160 8.327

2047 0.1689 0.00192 0.192 0.00049 0.056

4610 14.2600 0.15219 16.205 0.03860 4.696

14429 0.1040 0.00072 0.118 0.00018 0.034

18369 0.4846 0.00540 0.551 0.00137 0.160

19335 25.2838 0.28732 28.732 0.07286 8.327

20084 27.5593 0.29799 31.317 0.07557 9.076

11100000 6.8556 0.05100 7.790 0.01293 2.258

Ingredient recipe subtotals: 0.25360 32.934

Foodcode recipe totals: 1.00000 156.858

Steps/Calculations: (1) C_P% = P% * I_P%

(2) C_GUi = ( (Gmi_100/Ryld) * (I_Gmi_100/I_Rydl) _ * 100
B-16

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C-1

Appendix C

1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Food Codes

Appendix C1 lists percent allocations of food codes to indirect (implying that water was added 

during final preparation at home or by food service establishments such as school cafeterias and

restaurants) and commercial water. Note that three–digit food codes for groups of foods which are

assumed to be commercial (e.g. 281, “frozen or shelf stable meals”) are not included in this list. Also

note that 8–digit food codes for commercial ready–to–serve products which are included under a 3–digit

food code groups were assumed to have no indirect water (e.g., food code 26100250 “Fish stick, patty, or

fillet, NS as to type, battered, fried,” was assumed to be 100% commercial.)

All three–digit food codes from the CSFII appear in Appendix C2. Appendix C3 contains the

proportion of indirect water per 100 grams of 1994-1996 CSFII food codes, and Appendix C3 lists the

proportion of indirect water per 100 grams of ingested 1998 CSFII food codes.
C-2

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C-3

APPENDIX C1

Assumptions for the Assignment of Water Type for 3–digit Food Code Series

in the USDA 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII Recipe Database

Note: Food codes that appear to be commercial are removed from this listing.

 Indirect Commercial

 % %

111 Milk, fluid (regular, filled, buttermilk, and dry reconstituted) 100 0

112 Milk, fluid, evaporated and condensed 100 0

115 Flavored milk and milk drinks, fluid 100 0

116 Milk-based meal replacements, fluid 100 0

117 Infant formulas, fluid, reconstituted concentrate, reconstituted 100 0

 dry, and ready-to-feed

132 Puddings, custards, and other milk desserts 100 0

147 Cheese soups 90 10

232 Veal 100 0

241 Chicken 100 0

243 Duck 100 0

261 Finfish 100 0

263 Shellfish 100 0

271 Meat, poultry, fish in gravy or sauce or creamed 100 0

272 Meat, poultry, fish with starch item (include white potatoes) 100 0

273 Meat, poultry, fish with starch item and vegetables 100 0

274 Meat, poultry, fish with vegetables (excluding white potatoes) 90 10

283 Soups, broths, extracts from meat, poultry, fish base 90 10

284 Gelatin and gelatin-based meal supplements 100 0

285 Gravies from meat, poultry, fish base 90 10

321 Egg dishes 100 0

323 Egg soups 90 10

331 Egg substitute, from powdered mixture 100 0

332 Egg substitute, from frozen mixture 100 0

333 Egg substitute, from liquid mixture 100 0

411 Dried beans 50 50

412 Dried beans mixtures 50 50

413 Dried peas, lentils, and mixtures 50 50

416 Soups with legumes as major ingredient 90 10

418 Meat substitutes, mainly vegetable protein 50 50

521 Biscuits 100 0

522 Cornbread, corn muffins, tortillas 50 50

523 Other muffins, popovers 50 50

524 Other quick breads 50 50

531 Cakes 90 10

532 Cookies 90 10

533 Pies 90 10

534 Cobblers, eclairs, turnovers, other pastries 90 10

535 Danish, breakfast pastries, doughnuts, granola bars 90 10

536 Coffee cake, not yeast 90 10

551 Pancakes 100 0

553 French toast 100 0

555 Flour-water patties 100 0

557 Rice flour cakes 100 0

561 Pastas 100 0

562 Cooked cereals, rice 100 0

581 Grain mixtures 100 0

584 Soups with grain product as major ingredient 90 10

612 Citrus fruit juices 100 0

634 Mixtures of fruits and nonfruit items 100 0
C-4

641 Fruit juices, excluding citrus 100 0

715 White potatoes, mashed, stuffed, puffs 100 0

717 Potato recipes 100 0

718 Potato soups 90 10

719 Puerto Rican starchy vegetables 100 0

722 Dark-green nonleafy vegetables 100 0

723 Dark-green vegetable soups 90 10

732 Pumpkin 100 0

735 Deep-yellow vegetable soups 90 10

744 Tomato sauces 100 0

745 Tomato mixtures 100 0

746 Tomato soups 90 10

753 Other vegetables mixtures, cooked 100 0

754 Other cooked vegetables, cooked with sauces, batters, 90 10

 casseroles 

756 Vegetable soups 100 0

771 White potato with meat, poultry, fish (mixtures) 100 0

772 Puerto Rican starchy vegetable (viandas) mixtures 100 0

773 Other vegetable mixtures 100 0

775 Puerto Rican stews or soups with starchy vegetables (viandas) 100 0

813 Other fats 100 0

913 Syrups, honey, molasses, sweet toppings 100 0

915 Gelatin desserts or salads 100 0

921 Coffee 100 0

922 Coffee substitutes 100 0

923 Tea 100 0

926 Beverages, nonfruit 100 0

927 Beverages, noncarbonated, without vitamin C, made from 100 0

 powdered mixes

933 Cocktails 100 0
C-5

APPENDIX C2:

 Listing of All 3-digit Food Codes in the USDA 1994-1996 and 1998 CSFII Recipe Database

11 MILKS AND MILK DRINKS

 110 Milk, human

 111 Milk, fluid (regular, filled, buttermilk, and dry

 reconstituted)

 112 Milk, fluid, evaporated and condensed

 113 Milk, fluid, imitation

 114 Yogurt

 115 Flavored milk and milk drinks, fluid

 116 Milk-based meal replacements, fluid

 117 Infant formulas, fluid, reconstituted concentrate,

 reconstituted dry, and ready-to-feed

 118 Milk, dry, and powdered mixtures with dry milk,

 not reconstituted

 119 Infant formulas, dry, not reconstituted

12 CREAMS AND CREAM SUBSTITUTES

 121 Sweet dairy cream

 122 Cream substitutes

 123 Sour cream

13 MILK DESSERTS, SAUCES, GRAVIES

 131 Milk desserts, frozen

 132 Puddings, custards, and other milk desserts

 133 Milk desserts baby food

 134 White sauces and milk gravies

14 CHEESES

 140 Cheese, NS as to type

 141 Natural cheeses

 142 Cottage cheeses

 143 Cream cheeses

 144 Processed cheeses and cheese spreads

 145 Imitation cheeses

 146 Cheese mixtures

 147 Cheese soups

20 MEAT, NS AS TO TYPE

 200 Meat, NS as to type

21 BEEF

 210 Beef, NFS

 211 Beef steak

 213 Beef oxtails, neckbones, short ribs

 214 Beef roasts, stew meat, corned beef, beef brisket, sandwich steaks

 215 Ground beef, beef patties, beef meatballs

 216 Other beef items (beef bacon, dried beef, pastrami)

 217 Beef baby food

22 PORK
C-6

 220 Pork, NFS; ground, dehydrated

 221 Pork chops

 222 Pork steaks, cutlets

 223 Ham

 224 Pork roasts

 225 Canadian bacon

 226 Bacon, salt pork

 227 Other pork items (spareribs, cracklings, skin,

 miscellaneous parts)

 228 Pork baby food

23 LAMB, VEAL, GAME, OTHER CARCASS MEAT

 230 Lamb, NFS

 231 Lamb and goat

 232 Veal

 233 Game

 234 Lamb or veal baby food

24 POULTRY

 241 Chicken

 242 Turkey

 243 Duck

 244 Other poultry

 247 Poultry baby food

25 ORGAN MEATS, SAUSAGES AND LUNCHMEATS, AND MEAT SPREADS

 251 Organ meats and mixtures

 252 Frankfurters, sausages, lunchmeats, meat spreads

26 FISH AND SHELLFISH

 261 Finfish

 262 Other seafood

 263 Shellfish

27 MEAT, POULTRY, FISH WITH NONMEAT ITEMS

 271 Meat, poultry, fish in gravy or sauce or creamed

 272 Meat, poultry, fish with starch item (include

 white potatoes)

 273 Meat, poultry, fish with starch item and

 vegetables

 274 Meat, poultry, fish with vegetables (excluding white

 potatoes)

 275 Sandwiches with meat, poultry, fish

 276 Meat, poultry, fish with nonmeat items baby food

28 FROZEN PLATE MEALS, SOUPS, AND GRAVIES WITH MEAT, POULTRY,

 FISH BASE; GELATIN AND GELATIN-BASED DRINKS

 281 Frozen plate meals with meat, poultry, fish as major

 ingredient

 283 Soups, broths, extracts from meat, poultry, fish base

 284 Gelatin and gelatin-based meal supplements

 285 Gravies from meat, poultry, fish base
C-7

31 EGGS

 311 Chicken eggs

 312 Other poultry eggs

32 EGG MIXTURES

 321 Egg dishes

 322 Egg sandwiches

 323 Egg soups

 324 Meringues

33 EGG SUBSTITUTES

 330 Egg substitute, NS as to form

 331 Egg substitute, from powdered mixture

 332 Egg substitute, from frozen mixture

 333 Egg substitute, from liquid mixture

34 EGGS BABY FOOD

 341 Eggs baby food

35 FROZEN PLATE MEALS WITH EGG AS MAJOR INGREDIENT

 350 Frozen plate meals with egg as major ingredient

41 LEGUMES

 411 Dried beans

 412 Dried beans mixtures

 413 Dried peas, lentils, and mixtures

 414 Soybean derived products (excluding milks)

 415 Frozen plate meals with legumes as major ingredient

 416 Soups with legumes as major ingredient

 417 Legumes baby food

 418 Meat substitutes, mainly vegetable protein

 419 Meat substitute sandwiches

42 NUTS, NUT BUTTERS, AND NUT MIXTURES

 421 Nuts

 422 Nut butters

 423 Nut butter sandwiches

 424 Coconut beverages

 425 Nut mixtures

43 SEEDS AND SEED MIXTURES

 431 Seeds

44 CAROB PRODUCTS

 441 Carob powder, flour

 442 Carob chips, syrup

50 FLOUR AND DRY MIXES
C-8

 500 Flour and dry mixes

51 YEAST BREADS, ROLLS

 510 Breads, rolls, NFS

 511 White breads, rolls

 512 Whole wheat breads, rolls

 513 Wheat, cracked wheat breads, rolls

 514 Rye breads, rolls

 515 Oat breads

 516 Multigrain breads, rolls

 517 Cottonseed breads

 518 Other breads

52 QUICK BREADS

 521 Biscuits

 522 Cornbread, corn muffins, tortillas

 523 Other muffins, popovers

 524 Other quick breads

53 CAKES, COOKIES, PIES, PASTRIES

 531 Cakes

 532 Cookies

 533 Pies

 534 Cobblers, eclairs, turnovers, other pastries

 535 Danish, breakfast pastries, doughnuts, granola bars

 536 Coffee cake, not yeast

54 CRACKERS AND SALTY SNACKS FROM GRAIN PRODUCTS

 541 Sweet crackers

 542 Low sodium crackers

 543 Nonsweet crackers

 544 Salty snacks from grain products

55 PANCAKES, WAFFLES, FRENCH TOAST, OTHER GRAIN PRODUCTS

 551 Pancakes

 552 Waffles

 553 French toast

 554 Crepes

 555 Flour-water patties

 556 Flour-milk patties

 557 Rice flour cakes

 558 Funnel cakes

56 PASTAS, COOKED CEREALS, RICE

 561 Pastas

 562 Cooked cereals, rice

57 CEREALS, NOT COOKED OR NS AS TO COOKED

 570 Cereal, not specified as to cooked

 571-574 Ready-to-eat cereals

 576 Cereal grains, not cooked

 578 Cereals baby food
C-9

58 GRAIN MIXTURES, FROZEN PLATE MEALS, SOUPS

 581 Grain mixtures

 583 Frozen plate meals with grain mixture as major

 ingredient

 584 Soups with grain product as major ingredient

 585 Grain mixtures baby food

61 CITRUS FRUITS, JUICES

 611 Citrus fruits

 612 Citrus fruit juices

62 DRIED FRUITS

 621 Dried fruits

63 OTHER FRUITS

 631 Fruits, excluding berries

 632 Berries

 633 Mixtures of two or more fruits

 634 Mixtures of fruits and nonfruit items

64 FRUIT JUICES AND NECTARS EXCLUDING CITRUS

 641 Fruit juices, excluding citrus

 642 Nectars

 644 Vinegar

67 FRUITS AND JUICES BABY FOOD

 671 Fruits and fruit mixtures baby food

 672 Fruit juice baby food

 673 Fruits with cereal baby food

 674 Fruit desserts and fruit-flavored puddings and yogurt baby food

71 WHITE POTATOES AND PUERTO RICAN STARCHY VEGETABLES

 710 White potatoes, NFS

 711 White potatoes, baked and boiled

 712 White potatoes, chips and sticks

 713 White potatoes, creamed, scalloped, au gratin

 714 White potatoes, fried

 715 White potatoes, mashed, stuffed, puffs

 716 Potato salad

 717 Potato recipes

 718 Potato soups

 719 Puerto Rican starchy vegetables

72 DARK-GREEN VEGETABLES

 721 Dark-green leafy vegetables

 722 Dark-green nonleafy vegetables

 723 Dark-green vegetable soups

73 DEEP-YELLOW VEGETABLES
C-10

 731 Carrots

 732 Pumpkin

 733 Squash, winter

 734 Sweetpotatoes

 735 Deep-yellow vegetable soups

74 TOMATOES AND TOMATO MIXTURES

 741 Tomatoes, raw

 742 Tomatoes, cooked

 743 Tomato juices

 744 Tomato sauces

 745 Tomato mixtures

 746 Tomato soups

 747 Tomato sandwiches

75 OTHER VEGETABLES

 751 Other vegetables, raw

 752 Other vegetables, cooked

 753 Other vegetables mixtures, cooked

 754 Other cooked vegetables, cooked with sauces, batters,

 casseroles

 755 Olives, pickles, relishes (excluding tomatoes)

 756 Vegetable soups

 761 Dark-green vegetables baby food

 762 Deep-yellow vegetables baby food

 764 Vegetables other than dark-green, deep-yellow, and

 tomato baby food

 766 Vegetables with meat baby food

 767 Vegetables with liver baby food

77 VEGETABLES WITH MEAT, POULTRY, FISH

 771 White potato with meat, poultry, fish (mixtures)

 772 Puerto Rican starchy vegetable (viandas) mixtures

 773 Other vegetable mixtures

 775 Puerto Rican stews or soups with starchy vegetables

 (viandas)

81 FATS

 811 Table fats

 812 Cooking fats

 813 Other fats

82 OILS

 821 Vegetable oils

83 SALAD DRESSINGS

 831 Regular salad dressings

 832 Low-calorie salad dressings

91 SUGARS AND SWEETS

 911 Sugars

 912 Sugar replacements or substitute
C-11

 913 Syrups, honey, molasses, sweet toppings

 914 Jellies, jams, preserves

 915 Gelatin desserts or salads

 916 Ices or popsicles

 917 Candies

 918 Chewing gums

92 NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

 921 Coffee

 922 Coffee substitutes

 923 Tea

 924 Soft drinks

 925 Fruitades and drinks

 926 Beverages, nonfruit

 927 Beverages, noncarbonated, without vitamin C, made

 from powdered mixes

 928 Nonalcoholic beers, wines, cocktails

 929 Beverage concentrates, dry, not reconstituted

93 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

 931 Beers and ales

 932 Cordials and liqueurs

 933 Cocktails

 934 Wines

 935 Distilled liquors
C-12

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C-13

APPENDIX C3

Proportion of Indirect Water per 100 grams of 

USDA 1994–1996 CSFII Foods

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

11114200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8920

11120000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9071

11121100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8702

11121210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9061

11121300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9071

11122000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9021

11210000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4847

11210200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4847

11211000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4847

11211200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4847

11211600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4763

11212000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4807

11212200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4807

11213000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8625

11213050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7330

11213200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8625

11220200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4365

11512500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4335

11514100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8623

11514300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9221

11514500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9386

11515400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9029

11518000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8969

11518050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8846

11518100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8965

11541000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0633

11541100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1307

11541400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0646

11541400 101023 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0646

11542000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5100

11551100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3154

11552200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2732

11561010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4606

11651010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8826

11710102 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710103 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8771

11710112 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710113 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8745

11710122 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710123 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8745

11710202 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710203 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8720

11710402 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710403 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8720

11710502 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710503 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8758

11710552 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710553 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8758

11710602 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710603 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8771

11710603 101078 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9345

11710712 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4927

11710713 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8771

11710713 100584 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9081

11710902 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710903 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8720

11710903 101155 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8882

11710952 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11710952 100302 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7414

11710953 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8631

11720052 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4927

11720053 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8732

11720202 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11720203 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8720

11720302 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11720303 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8732

11720402 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11720402 101098 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6565

11720403 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8720

11720403 100669 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8949

11720452 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11720502 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11720503 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8732

11720602 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4887

11720603 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8732

11740103 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8606

11740302 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4919
C-14

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

11740303 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8606

11740403 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8707

11740503 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8732

11740603 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8631

13210150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0023

13210160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0020

13210180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2519

13210190 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2486

13210300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0019

13210300 200045 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0019

13210300 201627 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0019

13210300 201916 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0019

13210300 202337 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0018

13210300 202532 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0019

13210350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5940

13210350 202228 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0659

13210350 202769 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0658

13210410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1399

13210410 100370 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1387

13210410 100396 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1512

13210410 100923 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1350

13210410 200118 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1399

13210410 200423 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1413

13210410 201036 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1394

13210410 202246 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1403

13210410 202515 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1364

13210410 202676 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1403

13210410 202760 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1387

13210410 203005 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1387

13210500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0071

13210500 201871 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0071

13210500 202999 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0070

13210500 203651 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0071

13210520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0083

13210520 100720 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0083

13210520 200727 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0083

13210520 201398 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0083

13210520 201921 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0083

13210810 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0041

13250100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0781

13250200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0400

13252100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0424

13252200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1271

14610200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3874

14610210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2610

14610210 100313 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2544

14610250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2484

14650160 0 01/01/95 12/31/96 0.8068

14710200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2200

22210310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0125

23220020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0503

23220030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0111

24158200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2033

24158210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2033

24158220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3377

24301210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0726

24302010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2064

25110170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0694

25110410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0725

25110410 201803 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0725

25160130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3166

25221710 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1800

26100150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1264

26107150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1474

26107150 201662 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1474

26107150 202685 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1474

26107150 203695 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1474

26109150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1310

26109150 101070 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1310

26109150 203652 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1310

26109180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7150

26115150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1256

26115150 201594 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1256

26117150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1304

26117150 201691 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1304

26125150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1254

26127150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1300

26127150 100862 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1300

26127150 202977 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1300

26129150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1255

26131150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1217

26133150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1526

26133150 101117 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1526

26137150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1243

26145150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1503
C-15

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

26151150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1262

26151150 202740 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1262

26157150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1306

26157150 100778 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1306

26157150 203463 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1306

26304150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1336

26311150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1242

27111000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0400

27111000 100297 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0401

27111000 200853 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0401

27111000 203703 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0403

27111050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1100

27111050 100766 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1059

27111050 100885 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1086

27111050 100986 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1066

27111050 200854 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1090

27111050 200866 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1090

27111050 200925 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1100

27111050 201010 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1070

27111050 201056 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1092

27111050 202053 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1093

27111050 202297 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1099

27111050 202965 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1123

27111050 203655 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1090

27111100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0760

27111300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1138

27111300 100794 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1163

27111300 203223 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1138

27111310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0885

27111310 100552 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0885

27112000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1703

27112010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0543

27112010 202333 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0541

27112010 202838 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0537

27112100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0843

27113300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1493

27113300 203077 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1487

27113300 203529 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1489

27115000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4101

27115000 100322 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4101

27116300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4674

27116350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1706

27118130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1709

27118140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1107

27118180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4050

27120020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4707

27120060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4726

27120130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1418

27120150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2554

27130040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1101

27130050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0737

27130100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2895

27135020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0330

27135030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2413

27141030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1107

27141050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2727

27141050 203594 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2727

27142100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5454

27146100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2261

27146350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0894

27150140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1645

27150140 100425 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1637

27150160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2504

27150190 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4780

27151070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2566

27160100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2278

27162050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1147

27162050 100647 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1200

27162050 100648 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1165

27162050 202285 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1140

27162050 202430 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1141

27162050 202757 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1140

27162050 202919 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1140

27162050 203445 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1140

27162500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1722

27211100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1351

27211110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1273

27211110 201614 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1273

27211150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0998

27211150 201699 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1028

27211200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2468

27211250 0 01/01/94 12/31/95 0.0152

27211550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1311

27212000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3462

27212000 100398 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3464
C-16

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

27212000 202194 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3464

27212000 202607 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3517

27212050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3803

27212050 100452 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5348

27212050 200689 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3792

27212050 201369 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3798

27212050 202710 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3799

27212050 202712 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3792

27212050 202917 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3801

27212050 202928 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3800

27212050 203016 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3799

27212100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1724

27212100 200857 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1772

27212100 201557 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1772

27212100 203466 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1772

27212120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1286

27212120 202357 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1287

27212150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2889

27212150 100331 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2972

27212150 202399 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2889

27212200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1756

27212300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1313

27212350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2425

27212350 100922 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2424

27212350 202851 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2420

27212350 203035 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2465

27212350 203057 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2425

27212350 203328 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2414

27212400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1663

27213000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4529

27213000 202307 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4619

27213000 203476 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4529

27213100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1754

27213100 100812 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1749

27213120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2129

27213120 100170 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2130

27213120 202876 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2134

27213150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2634

27213200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2791

27213300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2507

27213400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1781

27213400 203055 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1761

27213420 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2129

27213420 100726 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2140

27213420 100727 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2134

27213500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2530

27214300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0277

27218110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0511

27218210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2784

27218310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0676

27220020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1482

27220030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1862

27220050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2092

27220110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3077

27220120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2955

27220150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1953

27220150 101169 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2690

27220170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1972

27220190 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3122

27220210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4035

27220310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3955

27220310 100231 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3958

27220310 100543 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3958

27220310 201569 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3958

27220310 202971 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3962

27220510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2464

27221100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4788

27221150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1273

27231000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2467

27232000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0670

27233000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5782

27235750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1292

27236000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1191

27241010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3455

27242000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4044

27242000 100384 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4037

27242000 202117 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4036

27242200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5680

27242250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2456

27242300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2362

27242300 101104 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2362

27242300 202554 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2361

27242300 202806 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2361

27242310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2484

27242350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2967
C-17

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

27242400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2416

27242400 200456 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2433

27242400 202541 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2520

27242400 203638 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2410

27243000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4256

27243000 202616 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4251

27243000 202782 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4252

27243000 203479 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4251

27243300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2229

27243500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1747

27243600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1286

27243700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3186

27246100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2841

27246100 101060 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2838

27246100 203394 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2835

27246100 203741 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2838

27246200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1299

27250060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0096

27250110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1292

27250130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1295

27250130 203697 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1296

27250500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1689

27250520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1689

27250610 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1823

27250610 100389 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1823

27250610 200943 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1822

27250610 202688 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1821

27250610 203555 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1926

27250630 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1814

27250630 201273 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1814

27250630 202216 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2883

27250630 202584 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1814

27250630 202593 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1863

27250630 202723 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1814

27250630 203749 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1863

27250710 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1761

27250810 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1802

27250820 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1801

27250830 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1801

27250830 100966 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1794

27250900 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1788

27250950 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3523

27251010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0510

27260500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0968

27260550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3400

27261500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1450

27311310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2961

27311310 201760 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2948

27311320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3221

27311410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3511

27311420 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3743

27313010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2261

27313020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2270

27313110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0578

27313150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3392

27313160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3484

27313210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2737

27313220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2677

27313310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2345

27313320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2359

27313320 100704 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2343

27313410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1236

27313410 202662 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1226

27313420 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1223

27315010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2208

27315020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2217

27315210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2708

27315220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2520

27315250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0730

27315250 202831 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0730

27315270 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0713

27315270 202980 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0712

27315310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1878

27315320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1890

27315510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1688

27315520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1835

27315520 100251 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1718

27317010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3236

27320020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0390

27320030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0939

27320070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0988

27320080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2055

27320090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2020

27320140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3322

27320150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3271
C-18

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

27320310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0578

27320340 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1549

27320350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1677

27320500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5261

27330050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1595

27330060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1589

27330080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4760

27330170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0767

27331150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0319

27332100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3256

27332110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3223

27335100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4671

27336100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1515

27336150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1544

27336200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2615

27336250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2850

27336300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3448

27336310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3540

27341310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2581

27341320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2532

27343010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2672

27343010 100206 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2669

27343010 100696 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2695

27343020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2622

27343410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4426

27343420 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4270

27343470 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1892

27343480 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1892

27343510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3395

27343520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3395

27343910 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2221

27343910 100678 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2208

27343950 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1421

27343960 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1486

27343970 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2020

27343980 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2044

27345010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2387

27345020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2094

27345210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1919

27345220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2029

27345310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4203

27345320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4204

27345410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1855

27345420 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1841

27345440 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1260

27345450 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1680

27345450 202243 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1689

27345510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2110

27345520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2027

27347100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1133

27347100 100318 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1586

27347210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1011

27350020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3884

27350030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0819

27350040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1557

27350050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2358

27350060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1993

27350070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1179

27350080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1609

27350080 100388 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1609

27350090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1506

27350100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1556

27350200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0156

27350310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0830

27350310 100142 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0819

27350410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1700

27350410 200066 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1700

27350410 203442 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1700

27351030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1102

27360000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3048

27360010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0998

27360050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3342

27360080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0580

27360090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4143

27360120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0579

27361010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1619

27362000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8430

27363000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4019

27363100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2003

27363100 100483 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2073

27363100 100715 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2009

27363100 203056 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2105

27411100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2927

27411120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1310

27415150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0621
C-19

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

27415200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1190

27415200 201673 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1191

27416100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1027

27416150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1133

27416150 201515 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1132

27416150 202456 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1138

27416150 202798 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1217

27416400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0481

27416450 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3346

27416500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2928

27418210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2500

27418310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0939

27420110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0903

27420170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0947

27420390 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0625

27420390 202995 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0662

27420500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1075

27420510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1190

27420510 101044 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1191

27420510 202101 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1191

27430500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0684

27430510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0707

27442110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2972

27442120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2866

27443110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0555

27443110 202753 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0558

27443110 203512 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0555

27443120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0556

27443150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0500

27443150 100515 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0500

27445110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0966

27445110 100305 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0971

27445110 100475 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1060

27445110 200379 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0966

27445110 202131 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0977

27445110 202476 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0966

27445110 203473 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0973

27445120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0945

27445150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2870

27445250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2884

27445250 100500 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2860

27446100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2294

27446100 201686 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2295

27450040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2411

27450410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0873

27450410 100694 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0873

27450410 100865 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0873

27450410 203621 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0930

27450420 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0909

27450600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0741

27450610 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0748

27451010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0768

27460010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0625

27462000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0848

27464000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3401

27464000 100414 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3402

28310150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8412

28310160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8475

28310170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9590

28310210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6188

28310220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1328

28310230 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5319

28310320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4583

28310330 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4447

28310420 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4583

28311010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6466

28315110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1130

28315130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0440

28315140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6138

28315150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5864

28315150 100209 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5838

28315150 203577 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5787

28320110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6503

28320110 100172 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6503

28320120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5894

28320130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5711

28320140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4377

28320150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0782

28320300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6083

28321130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3203

28330110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7045

28331110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4215

28340110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8628

28340120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9145

28340130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7701
C-20

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

28340150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5226

28340210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4834

28340220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5071

28340310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7332

28340530 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8327

28340530 100843 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9163

28340550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5923

28340580 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6490

28340590 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1843

28340620 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6324

28340660 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3706

28340660 100205 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3689

28340660 100245 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3656

28340670 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4762

28340700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6438

28340750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5645

28340750 202236 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5656

28340800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4433

28345010 0 01/01/95 12/31/96 0.2410

28345030 0 01/01/95 12/31/96 0.4857

28345110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2410

28345130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

28345130 100883 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6538

28345130 100982 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3207

28345170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4560

28350040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9617

28350050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1465

28350050 203441 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1454

28350120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3069

28350210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1670

28350220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2300

28351160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5379

28351170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5408

28355130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4446

28355210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1229

28355210 202154 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1229

28355260 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0804

28355350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2014

28355410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3746

28355430 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9000

28355440 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0792

28355450 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4418

28355450 101018 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4402

28355460 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4812

28355470 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4425

28355480 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4458

28360210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2781

28400000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9764

28400200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

28401010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9200

28401200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9405

28500100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8257

28500150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9280

28510020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7240

28510030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6893

28520000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7641

28520100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7247

28522000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5058

32101500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2302

32104100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6668

32105010 100342 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2155

32105010 100479 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

32105010 201026 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2155

32105010 201077 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2160

32105010 201087 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2154

32105010 201300 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2222

32105010 201377 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

32105010 202084 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2155

32105010 202144 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2156

32105010 202308 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2156

32105010 202370 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2155

32105010 202379 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

32105010 202465 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2220

32105010 202640 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2161

32105010 202770 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2158

32105010 202834 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2226

32105010 203054 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2221

32105010 203093 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2164

32105010 203327 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2165

32105010 203437 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2225

32105030 100179 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1851

32105030 100643 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1900

32105030 202907 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1851

32105040 202212 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2127

32105050 101094 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2130
C-21

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

32105050 201117 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2128

32105050 201720 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2129

32105050 201839 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2128

32105050 201934 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2129

32105050 202955 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2149

32105060 100221 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1941

32105060 100250 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1896

32105060 100422 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1893

32105060 202591 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1890

32105060 203602 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1890

32105070 202668 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2119

32105080 100325 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1842

32105080 100353 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1842

32105080 100363 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1844

32105080 201197 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1892

32105080 201264 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1890

32105080 201633 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1843

32105080 202237 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1832

32105080 202650 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1846

32105080 202671 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1844

32105080 203286 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1843

32105080 203736 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1843

32105100 101100 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1482

32105100 201733 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1483

32105100 201898 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1483

32105110 101047 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2182

32105120 203688 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2148

32105121 101145 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2053

32105121 202659 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1941

32105121 203459 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2026

32105122 100876 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1862

32105122 203219 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1859

32105130 201090 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1215

32105130 202343 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1301

32105130 203465 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1216

32105150 100992 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1921

32105160 100186 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2190

32105160 203704 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2258

32120100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1206

32300100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7765

32301100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6606

33102010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6604

33102010 201085 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6601

33201010 100728 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2377

33201010 202167 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2300

33201010 202410 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2257

33201010 203207 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2299

33201010 203499 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2299

33201500 202680 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2176

33301010 202478 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2257

33301010 203044 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2330

41101000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2856

41101010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2851

41101010 101150 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2898

41101010 202020 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2898

41101010 202535 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2898

41101020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3102

41101100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2672

41101110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2672

41101110 100099 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2715

41101110 100504 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2715

41101110 200155 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2715

41101110 200187 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2715

41101110 200804 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2715

41101110 201291 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2715

41101110 202299 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2715

41101110 202672 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2715

41101120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2901

41102000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3021

41102010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3030

41102010 100139 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3079

41102010 100162 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3079

41102010 200502 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3079

41102010 201473 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3079

41102010 202265 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3079

41102020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3292

41102200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3111

41102210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3111

41102210 202958 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3161

41102220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3381

41103000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3038

41103010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3038

41103010 200622 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3087

41103010 200691 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3087

41103010 201459 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3087
C-22

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

41103010 201625 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3087

41103010 201719 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3087

41103010 201795 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3087

41103010 202637 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3087

41103010 202696 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3087

41103020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3299

41103050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2603

41103060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2829

41103070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2603

41103070 201313 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2645

41103070 201819 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2645

41103070 203096 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2645

41104000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3055

41104010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3055

41104010 100416 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 100471 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 100850 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 101097 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200165 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200227 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200246 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200347 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200350 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200613 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200693 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200724 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 200961 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 201593 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 202226 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 202549 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104010 203588 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3104

41104020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3319

41106000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2862

41106010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2862

41106010 100477 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2909

41106010 201294 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2909

41106010 201611 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2909

41106010 202260 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2909

41106010 202261 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2909

41106010 202809 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2909

41106010 203484 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2909

41106020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3108

41107000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2935

41108000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3357

41108010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3282

41108010 202471 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3285

41108020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3282

41201010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2406

41203020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1885

41203020 100328 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0964

41203020 101108 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1879

41203020 200744 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1918

41203020 202004 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1878

41203020 202008 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2196

41204020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2406

41205010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2179

41205010 200060 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2167

41205010 201326 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2167

41205010 201510 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2167

41205010 201638 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2181

41205010 202005 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2177

41205010 203432 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2167

41205050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2650

41205100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3075

41207030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2178

41207030 100247 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0988

41208100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2624

41208100 100351 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2702

41209000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1435

41209000 201792 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1435

41210000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1075

41210090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3012

41210100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2097

41210100 100811 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2093

41210110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3519

41210120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3197

41210150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3452

41210150 201880 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3512

41210160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1997

41210170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1998

41210180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1997

41210190 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1980

41210200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2908

41301000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3017

41301010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3017
C-23

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

41301010 100534 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3065

41301010 200985 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3065

41301010 200996 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3065

41301010 202460 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3065

41301010 202519 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3065

41301020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3279

41302000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2301

41302010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2300

41302010 101172 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2337

41302010 201458 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2337

41302010 202959 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2337

41302020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2499

41303000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3261

41303010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3192

41303010 100253 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3187

41303010 203626 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3184

41303020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3192

41303500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2801

41303550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1981

41304030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3000

41304130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2211

41304980 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3196

41304990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3196

41304990 100223 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3198

41304990 100485 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3198

41304990 100950 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3199

41304990 202969 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3198

41305000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3271

41306000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2514

41310100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2396

41310150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3666

41310160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2503

41310200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1953

41310210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2070

41310220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1917

41310310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2787

41421020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0126

41601010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6979

41601020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4691

41601020 100996 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3064

41601030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6279

41601040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6421

41601050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3852

41601060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7251

41601070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5964

41601070 203549 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6003

41601080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6490

41601090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5360

41601100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5645

41601130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0159

41601130 201247 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0159

41601130 202700 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0193

41601140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6948

41601140 100243 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5155

41601140 100263 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5356

41601170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5384

41601180 0 01/01/96 12/31/96 0.3644

41602020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6444

41602040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7777

41602050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4874

41602060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4313

41603010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6408

41603010 101157 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6575

41603010 201651 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6349

41603010 203557 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6396

41603010 203716 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6396

41610100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5625

41811950 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1084

41812400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1159

41812450 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1074

41812800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3339

41812900 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1682

42204050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2387

42204100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7247

51134000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1123

51165060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0397

51182010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6231

51182010 100524 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6287

51182010 200427 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6236

51182010 200492 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6231

51182010 202256 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6278

51182010 203007 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6289

51201060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1885

51220030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2343

51220040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1913
C-24

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

51300140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2668

51300150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2668

51300180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2761

51301040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2656

51301050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2047

51301540 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2653

51301550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2046

51320040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2357

52101040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4550

52101050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4550

52207010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4411

52207010 203253 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4411

52208010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4621

52208020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4361

52208750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2176

52208760 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1919

52209010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1857

52211010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0100

52220110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0501

52306500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0268

52308010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1181

52404060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0299

53100050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1064

53100070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2360

53101000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2992

53101100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2992

53101200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2422

53101250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1388

53101300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2991

53102500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0270

53102700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0270

53103500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0884

53103550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1339

53103600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0884

53104400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0282

53104900 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1039

53104920 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1833

53104950 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1039

53105000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1181

53105100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1940

53105200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1181

53105300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1377

53105600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1831

53105700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

53105750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1957

53105900 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1387

53106000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2089

53106050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1387

53106100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2259

53107100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0049

53107200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0022

53108000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1076

53108100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1778

53109000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1120

53109100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1911

53109300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0194

53111000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2507

53113950 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1979

53114000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1315

53114100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1184

53115000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1129

53115100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1690

53115200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1129

53115300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1967

53115310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1546

53115320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2315

53116000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0006

53116500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0608

53116550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1341

53116560 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1147

53117000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1464

53117100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1679

53117200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1627

53118410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1382

53118600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0848

53118700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1031

53118800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0824

53120000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0760

53120100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1929

53120200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2398

53120300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1328

53120330 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1998

53120350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1328

53121000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1279

53121100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2123
C-25

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

53121200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1279

53121280 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1275

53121300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1917

53121330 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1275

53202000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0016

53204000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1327

53204000 100462 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1320

53204500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0819

53206550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0021

53215500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0028

53216000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0028

53228000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0032

53231000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0156

53236100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0019

53246000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0028

53300170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1200

53301070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1289

53301500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1377

53302000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0420

53302070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0474

53302080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0151

53303000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0750

53303070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0689

53303500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0824

53303510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0489

53303570 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0751

53304050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0273

53304070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0686

53305010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0248

53305070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0553

53305700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0301

53305720 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0335

53305750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2391

53306000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0872

53306070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3017

53307000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2769

53307050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0242

53307070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0460

53307080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0147

53307500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1165

53307570 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1067

53308000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1349

53308070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1313

53308300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0392

53308500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0332

53309000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3844

53309070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3280

53310000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0721

53310050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1591

53311000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0820

53311050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0725

53311070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0840

53312000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0311

53313000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0635

53314000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0401

53340000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0220

53340500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0126

53341000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0316

53341070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0299

53341500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0176

53341750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0322

53342000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0353

53342000 201424 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0354

53342070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0416

53343070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0298

53344070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0319

53345000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0173

53345070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0240

53346000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0166

53346500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1436

53347070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0275

53347100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0194

53347500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0354

53347600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0203

53348000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3692

53348070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1745

53360000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0180

53365000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0315

53370000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1074

53371000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1766

53371100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0939

53373000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0339

53381070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3141

53385070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0432

53385500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0190
C-26

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

53386000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0338

53387000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0134

53390000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2380

53400200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0747

53400200 202289 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0746

53410100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0959

53410860 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1074

53415100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0468

53420000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1570

53420100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1445

53420200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1570

53420300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2262

53420310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1751

53420400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2437

53420410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1802

53430250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0506

53430700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3313

53430750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2223

53441210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0499

53450300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0492

53450500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0434

53450800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

53451000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0502

53451500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1663

53451750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0334

53452100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0321

53452150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3907

53452450 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2301

53453150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0601

53453170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1506

53520200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1885

53521300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1038

53521400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1949

53610000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1964

53610100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1964

53610200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1627

55105100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3144

55105300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4498

55310100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1405

55501000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4325

55502000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7799

55701000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7390

55702000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3202

55703000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5753

56101000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6161

56101010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6161

56101030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5965

56101030 100587 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5963

56101030 100687 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5972

56101030 100848 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5964

56101030 200303 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5972

56101030 200582 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5974

56101030 200676 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5964

56101030 200710 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5972

56101030 201261 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5960

56101030 201700 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5972

56101030 203004 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5963

56102000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6416

56102010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6416

56102020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6213

56103000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6300

56103010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6300

56103020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6081

56104000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6537

56104010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6537

56104020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6316

56104020 101158 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6316

56104020 203201 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6316

56112000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6489

56112010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6489

56112030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6313

56112030 100345 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6307

56112030 100795 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6328

56112030 101042 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6328

56112030 200030 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6312

56112030 200078 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6308

56112030 200103 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6320

56112030 200201 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6319

56112030 200319 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6329

56112030 202024 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6319

56112030 202044 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6310

56112030 202090 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6319

56112030 202921 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6319

56112030 203069 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6312

56113000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6551
C-27

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

56113010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6416

56113990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6477

56114000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6726

56114020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6301

56114020 201735 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6300

56114020 201736 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6298

56116990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7600

56117000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7600

56117010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7374

56117010 101115 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7374

56117090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.4126

56117100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.4126

56117110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.3722

56117110 203714 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.3722

56117110 203715 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.3722

56130000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6174

56130010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6174

56131000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5978

56131000 100075 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

56131000 100104 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

56131000 100124 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

56131000 100646 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5994

56131000 100765 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

56131000 100889 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5986

56131000 200049 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

56131000 200239 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5986

56131000 200374 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5972

56131000 200797 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

56131000 201426 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5977

56131000 202235 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5975

56131000 203018 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5994

56131000 203312 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

56132000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5564

56132990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6416

56133000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6416

56133010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6213

56139990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6460

56140000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6490

56200300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8369

56200350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8401

56200390 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6499

56200400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6499

56200490 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7312

56200500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7312

56200510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6979

56200990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8758

56201000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8787

56201010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8758

56201020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8409

56201020 200206 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8407

56201020 200510 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8419

56201020 200701 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8430

56201030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8787

56201040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8409

56201040 202296 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8407

56201060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7852

56201110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8401

56201120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8007

56201120 200697 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8004

56201120 202470 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8020

56201120 203248 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8007

56201120 203354 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8048

56201130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8438

56201210 0 01/01/94 12/31/95 0.8375

56201210 0 01/01/96 12/31/96 0.8375

56201220 0 01/01/94 12/31/95 0.7853

56201220 0 01/01/96 12/31/96 0.7853

56201220 101118 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7845

56201220 200611 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7850

56201220 202125 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7869

56201220 202127 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7869

56201230 0 01/01/94 12/31/95 0.8375

56201230 0 01/01/96 12/31/96 0.8375

56201240 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8095

56201240 202401 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0006

56201250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7607

56201250 100871 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0006

56201250 201828 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7604

56201260 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8095

56201510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7577

56201520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6398

56201540 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4968

56201600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7415

56201990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6840

56202000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6840
C-28

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

56202100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6491

56202500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7292

56202960 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8369

56202970 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8369

56202980 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8369

56203000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8369

56203010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8369

56203020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8369

56203030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7381

56203040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8067

56203050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8067

56203050 200205 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8065

56203050 200546 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8077

56203050 202566 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8071

56203050 202886 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8096

56203050 203497 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8065

56203060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8067

56203060 100692 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8071

56203060 201878 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8065

56203060 202188 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8065

56203070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6925

56203070 200148 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6922

56203080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7381

56203090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6695

56203100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6200

56203100 201498 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6198

56203110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8076

56203120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7611

56203140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8452

56203200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7731

56203540 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4016

56203600 0 01/01/95 12/31/96 0.8401

56203610 0 01/01/95 12/31/96 0.8099

56203620 0 01/01/95 12/31/96 0.8138

56204980 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6879

56204990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6369

56205000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6369

56205010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6369

56205020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6958

56205030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6958

56205040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6879

56205050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8583

56205070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5979

56205080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3974

56205090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9587

56205110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6944

56205120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6944

56205130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7112

56205150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7290

56205170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7112

56205170 100065 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7113

56205170 200798 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7113

56205170 200826 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7113

56205170 201429 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7111

56205190 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7390

56205210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7109

56205240 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5010

56205300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7291

56205310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7284

56205320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7110

56205320 101133 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7110

56205330 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7110

56205340 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7104

56205350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7104

56205400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6014

56205400 100098 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6012

56205400 200334 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6025

56205400 200590 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6045

56205400 202789 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6028

56205410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4930

56205420 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6014

56205420 100525 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6028

56205420 200056 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6012

56205420 200124 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6043

56205420 200263 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6028

56205420 200333 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6025

56205420 200371 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6025

56205420 200424 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6009

56205420 200575 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6025

56205420 200926 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6043

56205420 201116 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6025

56205420 201193 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6009

56205420 201246 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6045

56205420 201315 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6005

56205420 201329 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6045
C-29

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

56205420 201888 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6012

56205420 202219 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6043

56205420 202524 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6045

56205420 202596 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6003

56205420 202629 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6025

56205430 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6586

56205430 100022 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6584

56205430 100731 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6616

56205430 200369 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6581

56205430 201200 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6584

56205430 201727 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6601

56205430 201979 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6598

56205430 203217 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6598

56205430 203757 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6576

56205440 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6531

56205440 100296 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6522

56205440 100497 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6542

56205440 100900 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6542

56205440 200204 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6529

56205440 201739 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6526

56205440 201931 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6545

56205440 203203 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6559

56205510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6627

56205510 100484 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6637

56205510 100725 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6653

56205510 200358 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6655

56205510 200373 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6637

56205510 200470 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6625

56205510 200581 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6637

56205510 200836 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6640

56205510 201205 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6623

56205510 202170 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6617

56205530 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6625

56205540 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6944

56205550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6625

56206970 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8774

56206980 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8806

56206990 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8774

56207000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8774

56207010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8806

56207020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8774

56207030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8445

56207050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3977

56207060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8042

56207060 203174 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8039

56207070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8445

56207080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8425

56207100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8621

56207110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5151

56207120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4818

56207130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5151

56207140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8633

56207150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6967

56207160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6967

56207180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6573

56207180 100633 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6573

56207180 203150 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6591

56207190 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8633

56207200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8633

56207210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8293

56207210 202982 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8302

56207220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8454

56207220 200495 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8455

56207220 202361 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8452

56207230 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8425

56207230 201794 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8423

56207290 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8385

56207300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7934

56207310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8633

56207330 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7646

56207340 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7934

56207360 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8438

56207370 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8438

56208000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7540

56208010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9579

56208020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9579

56208500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8624

56208510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8285

56208520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8624

56208600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8069

56209000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8790

56210000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7878

58100300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1563

58100330 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0207

58100330 100624 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0227
C-30

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

58100360 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3344

58100370 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3954

58101820 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0415

58101830 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0466

58101910 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0393

58101910 201254 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0393

58103110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2891

58103110 100141 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2891

58103110 100743 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2891

58103110 200132 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2891

58103250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4716

58103310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4674

58103310 101032 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4666

58103310 101166 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4669

58104600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1274

58106210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1215

58106210 100946 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1037

58106310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1009

58106320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1009

58106320 100123 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0888

58106320 100226 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1008

58106360 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1471

58106510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1039

58106520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1039

58106520 100072 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1076

58106520 100184 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0905

58106710 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0893

58106710 100942 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0796

58106720 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0893

58106720 100362 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0796

58106740 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0907

58106750 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0907

58106760 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1310

58106900 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1343

58106910 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1343

58106920 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1618

58107050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1578

58107210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1377

58107220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1377

58107230 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1447

58108030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2539

58108040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2559

58110110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3761

58110120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3874

58110130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3612

58110130 201535 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3612

58110130 202786 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3610

58110170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4310

58111200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0873

58112110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0612

58112510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0946

58112510 100999 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0946

58113110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0650

58115110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2065

58115210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0643

58116210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0223

58116310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1577

58116410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3076

58117110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4952

58117210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2008

58117310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3453

58120120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0863

58121410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4696

58121510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0689

58121510 100364 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0655

58121510 202857 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0655

58122210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3408

58123110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3274

58123120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1756

58124110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1930

58125110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0291

58125110 100851 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0296

58125120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0214

58125120 200843 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0214

58125120 203099 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0217

58125180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0284

58126000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1810

58126110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0710

58126120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0466

58126120 100768 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0457

58126140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1264

58126180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0546

58126270 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0637

58126310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0430

58128110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3901
C-31

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

58128120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0705

58128210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1132

58128220 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1286

58128250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1215

58128250 203763 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1215

58130010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2351

58130010 100225 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2348

58130010 100323 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2357

58130010 100456 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2332

58130010 100468 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2353

58130010 100600 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2340

58130010 100631 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2343

58130010 100681 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2349

58130010 200987 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2351

58130010 201239 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2356

58130010 201716 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2355

58130010 201991 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2350

58130010 202083 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2355

58130010 202087 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2353

58130010 202145 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2346

58130010 202580 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2338

58130010 202687 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2342

58130010 202998 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2352

58130010 203295 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2358

58130010 203398 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2359

58130010 203672 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2329

58130020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2171

58130150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2170

58130310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2630

58130310 200077 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2636

58130320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2406

58130320 100909 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2408

58130320 202985 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2412

58130610 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2445

58130810 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2735

58131100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0280

58131110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0891

58131310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0260

58131310 202452 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0260

58131310 203158 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0260

58131320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0854

58131320 201272 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0854

58131320 202035 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0854

58131510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0294

58131510 201301 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0313

58131520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0914

58131530 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0846

58131600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0196

58132110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2625

58132310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1603

58132310 100548 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1602

58132310 100742 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1603

58132310 101011 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1601

58132310 200434 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1603

58132310 200855 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1603

58132310 201455 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1602

58132310 202057 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1602

58132350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2728

58132360 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1665

58132710 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2132

58132800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4172

58132810 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3284

58132820 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4172

58132820 101043 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4155

58132910 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2131

58133110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0370

58133120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1898

58133120 101079 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1914

58133130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1776

58133130 202209 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1760

58133140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1898

58134110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0421

58134120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2060

58134120 100340 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2060

58134130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1920

58134160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0520

58134210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1051

58134310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1053

58134610 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3901

58134620 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0920

58134640 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1247

58134650 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0261

58134660 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0911

58134710 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3901

58134720 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0306
C-32

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

58134810 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1112

58135110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0713

58135110 202655 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0711

58136110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1464

58136110 100830 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1463

58136110 101024 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1464

58136110 202455 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1463

58136110 203157 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1464

58136120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2821

58136130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1289

58140110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2838

58140310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2641

58145110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2527

58145110 100035 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2639

58145110 100038 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2525

58145110 100067 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2526

58145110 100074 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2526

58145110 100081 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2471

58145110 100100 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2523

58145110 100111 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2641

58145110 100298 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2525

58145110 100374 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2535

58145110 100914 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2636

58145110 100958 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2640

58145110 101056 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2525

58145110 101149 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2647

58145110 101168 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2636

58145110 200082 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2528

58145110 200304 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2552

58145110 200518 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2526

58145110 200648 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2642

58145110 200700 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2524

58145110 200712 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2529

58145110 200718 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2527

58145110 200741 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2644

58145110 200776 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2520

58145110 200784 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2521

58145110 200998 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2528

58145110 201004 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2533

58145110 201270 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2522

58145110 201287 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2639

58145110 201514 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2529

58145110 201556 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2530

58145110 201602 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2524

58145110 201667 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2640

58145110 201884 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2633

58145110 201909 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2635

58145110 201943 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2532

58145110 202062 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2633

58145110 202143 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2522

58145110 202175 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2634

58145110 202234 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2525

58145110 202506 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2524

58145110 202522 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2522

58145110 202617 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2523

58145110 202705 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2532

58145110 202856 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2530

58145110 202862 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2531

58145110 202899 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2632

58145110 202927 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2637

58145110 202967 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2638

58145110 203052 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2629

58145110 203124 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2522

58145110 203126 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2532

58145110 203131 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2637

58145110 203141 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2523

58145110 203155 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2524

58145110 203186 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2658

58145110 203200 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2529

58145110 203265 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2530

58145110 203446 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2649

58145110 203576 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2527

58145110 203666 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2522

58145110 203751 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2518

58145110 203754 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2540

58145114 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4547

58145114 100040 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4547

58145114 100042 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4547

58145114 100079 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4544

58145114 100090 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 100092 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5014

58145114 100094 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5558

58145114 100106 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5014

58145114 100126 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6110

58145114 100158 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4546
C-33

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

58145114 100232 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5014

58145114 100268 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5014

58145114 100294 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5541

58145114 100380 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5537

58145114 100583 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4562

58145114 101077 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4543

58145114 200445 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4541

58145114 200473 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 200503 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4547

58145114 200541 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 200808 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 201100 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 201129 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 201179 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5011

58145114 201232 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4546

58145114 201519 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 201584 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4541

58145114 201592 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4543

58145114 201666 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4546

58145114 201972 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 201973 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4551

58145114 202001 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4541

58145114 202050 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4539

58145114 202355 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4541

58145114 202639 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4562

58145114 202765 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4547

58145114 203339 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5532

58145114 203438 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 203477 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4545

58145114 203547 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5011

58145115 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5345

58145120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2214

58145120 100521 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2214

58145120 200545 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2214

58145120 201431 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2215

58145120 203026 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2214

58145130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1785

58145130 202681 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1785

58145140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3546

58145150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2193

58145150 100993 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2193

58145160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2034

58145160 200679 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2032

58145170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2443

58145170 100204 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2440

58145170 100218 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2546

58145170 100413 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2544

58145170 100469 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2542

58145170 100487 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2444

58145170 100652 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2443

58145170 100709 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2418

58145170 100881 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2437

58145170 100967 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2544

58145170 100988 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2570

58145170 201233 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2444

58145170 201430 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2540

58145170 201771 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2442

58145170 201821 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2436

58145170 201925 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2550

58145170 202126 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2441

58145170 202155 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2540

58145170 202543 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2442

58145170 202746 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2443

58145170 202785 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2547

58145170 202792 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2439

58145170 202864 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2439

58145170 202922 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2443

58145170 203457 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2440

58146100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4528

58146120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0786

58146120 100541 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0788

58146120 100744 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0780

58146120 202202 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0787

58146130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4447

58146150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4403

58146150 100169 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4407

58146150 201033 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4405

58146150 202459 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4405

58146300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3437

58146310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3769

58147100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4150

58147110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1537

58147310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3040

58147310 100089 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3039

58147310 100315 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3079
C-34

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

58147310 100420 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3035

58147310 100861 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3071

58147310 200615 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3046

58147310 200861 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3039

58147310 200878 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3040

58147310 203041 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3039

58147310 203303 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3035

58147330 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4667

58147330 101093 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4667

58147330 201847 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4657

58147330 203187 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4675

58147350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2326

58148110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3669

58148110 100320 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3701

58148110 100558 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3669

58148110 200748 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3675

58148110 200749 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3669

58148110 202756 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3677

58148110 202859 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3625

58148110 203088 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3637

58148110 203450 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3637

58148120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2876

58148120 100730 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2902

58148120 100815 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2881

58148120 200326 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2840

58148120 201672 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2876

58148120 202619 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2881

58148130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3116

58148130 202070 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3139

58148130 202491 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3120

58148140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3175

58148140 100659 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3183

58148140 200570 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3148

58148140 201317 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3199

58148140 203037 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3203

58148150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3197

58148150 100831 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3221

58148160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2394

58148160 201511 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2412

58148170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2196

58148170 100460 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2212

58148170 100461 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2198

58148170 100921 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2197

58148170 203444 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2162

58148180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2513

58148180 100446 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2499

58148180 200459 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2486

58148180 202350 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2499

58148500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3173

58148500 100215 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3212

58148500 100561 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3182

58148500 200916 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3217

58148500 202199 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3173

58148500 202293 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3173

58148500 202464 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3208

58148500 202538 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3162

58148500 202652 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3139

58148500 203139 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3173

58148500 203163 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3150

58148500 203166 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3126

58148550 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3017

58148550 100301 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3030

58148550 100359 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3006

58148550 100383 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3017

58148550 100961 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3017

58148550 101031 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2989

58148550 101089 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3014

58148550 200900 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3041

58148550 202947 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3051

58148550 203165 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3016

58148550 203271 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3027

58148600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7035

58149110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4146

58150110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3896

58150110 101037 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4168

58150110 101111 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3893

58150110 201383 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3896

58150110 202499 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3896

58150110 203232 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3896

58150310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3930

58150310 100227 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3931

58150310 100457 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3928

58150310 100533 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3959

58150310 100629 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3853

58150310 100839 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3929
C-35

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

58150310 201013 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3931

58150310 201798 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3937

58150310 202426 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3930

58150510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3956

58151100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3523

58151110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4771

58151120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3453

58151130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3054

58151130 100733 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3046

58151140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4725

58151160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2136

58155110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2150

58155210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1644

58155310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0919

58155320 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1307

58155410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5247

58155510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4073

58155610 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0156

58155810 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3919

58155910 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1648

58156110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1263

58156210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2554

58156310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2422

58156410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2099

58156510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4271

58156610 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4435

58156610 100252 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4435

58156710 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4112

58157110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6419

58157210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0135

58160110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5751

58160110 100109 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2891

58160110 100495 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3057

58160110 100707 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2743

58160110 100756 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2883

58160110 100782 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2643

58160110 101016 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5763

58160110 101153 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2706

58160110 202579 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5765

58160110 202636 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3241

58160110 202795 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3047

58160110 202997 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6071

58160110 203028 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3084

58160110 203062 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3056

58160110 203184 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2923

58160110 203294 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5751

58160110 203487 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2749

58160120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4303

58160120 100705 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2148

58160120 100736 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2152

58160120 100870 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2156

58160120 202564 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2170

58160120 202581 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2152

58160120 203349 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2170

58160130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3710

58160130 203680 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4139

58160130 203689 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2088

58160140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4862

58160140 203766 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4736

58160150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2145

58160150 201187 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2158

58160150 202203 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2158

58160150 202717 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2158

58160150 202814 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2158

58160150 203010 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2212

58160150 203198 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2158

58161300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4149

58161300 100214 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4203

58161300 200211 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4151

58161300 201024 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4151

58161300 201263 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4154

58161300 201635 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4151

58161300 201663 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4154

58161310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4842

58161310 203490 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4897

58161310 203773 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4844

58161510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1610

58161710 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3636

58162110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1120

58162110 100814 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1121

58162110 201757 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1132

58162110 202071 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1124

58162110 203103 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1130

58162110 203578 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1124

58162120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1715
C-36

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

58162130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1372

58162140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2061

58162310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5615

58162310 100991 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5841

58162310 200250 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5613

58162310 202300 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5620

58162310 202704 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5618

58162310 203379 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5616

58163110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4659

58163130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5482

58163130 203618 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5479

58163130 203683 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5482

58163130 203755 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5546

58163210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4569

58163310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6929

58163310 201500 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6933

58163310 202911 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6927

58163310 203023 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7178

58163310 203045 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6930

58163330 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7954

58163330 201015 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7953

58163350 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7458

58163350 100786 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7606

58163350 201427 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7457

58163350 202689 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7462

58163360 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7219

58163360 100356 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7218

58163360 202875 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7406

58163360 203149 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7226

58163380 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7288

58163380 100105 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7287

58163380 201491 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7290

58163380 202152 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7293

58163380 202160 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7298

58163380 202594 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7299

58163380 202867 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7539

58163380 203039 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7305

58163400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7312

58163410 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

58163410 100085 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

58163410 100182 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

58163410 100192 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2160

58163410 200460 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

58163410 201421 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

58163410 201485 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2184

58163410 201842 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2159

58163410 203302 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2162

58163410 203507 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2160

58163410 203674 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2160

58163450 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1313

58163510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6056

58163510 100651 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6055

58163610 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5090

58163610 101005 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5094

58163610 101076 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5092

58163610 202136 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5092

58163610 203276 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5089

58164110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5703

58164210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2110

58175110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3002

58400000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6620

58400100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7494

58400200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8423

58401200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6971

58402010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

58402010 100776 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3207

58402020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5104

58402030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0839

58402100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4914

58403010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4915

58403010 100046 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3258

58403010 100165 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5471

58403010 100609 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6590

58403010 100737 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4202

58403010 100877 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3918

58403010 100936 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1946

58403010 101065 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1620

58403040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5032

58403100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4740

58404010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4915

58404010 100101 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6170

58404010 100578 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3258

58404010 100617 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6590

58404030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6339

58404040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4500
C-37

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

58404100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6314

58404500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7650

58404510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6349

58404520 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4424

58406010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4371

58406020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4922

58407010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9457

58407020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4500

58407030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8478

58407030 100550 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9070

58407030 100575 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7358

58407030 203653 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9176

58407040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8423

58407050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6786

58408010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6153

58408010 100177 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6153

58408010 100858 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6153

58408500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7249

58408500 100417 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5926

58409000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6076

58410100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8833

58421000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2639

58421010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2714

58421020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6868

58421020 203031 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6868

58421060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2568

58421080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6060

58450300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0836

61201620 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7204

61201630 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7065

61210000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7146

61210620 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7146

61210620 100058 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7695

61210620 100592 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7578

61210620 100593 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6253

61210620 100636 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8165

61210620 100653 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7450

61210620 100718 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7897

61210620 100747 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8067

61210620 100825 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6760

61210620 100838 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7306

61210620 203539 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8335

61210630 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7037

61210820 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7138

61210820 101163 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7442

61216620 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7175

61222600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7160

61225600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7131

61225600 101004 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7885

61225600 101128 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6509

61225600 203063 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7682

62125110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3651

63411010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1514

63415000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4666

63415100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5980

64104010 100010 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1071

64104010 100107 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

64104010 100128 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4186

64104010 100828 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3243

64104050 100284 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

64104050 100285 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3242

64104050 100717 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2646

64104050 101171 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6478

64104450 100639 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3243

64104500 100278 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4186

64104500 101143 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1525

64116010 100454 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

64116030 100135 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1071

64116100 100488 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

64116100 101099 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4185

64116150 101110 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1071

64124060 101167 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9343

64124200 100638 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3243

64125000 100312 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

71501040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 100887 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 200091 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 200154 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

71501040 200400 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 200588 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 200728 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

71501040 200880 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 201066 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5981

71501040 201328 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

71501040 201337 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5981
C-38

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

71501040 201365 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5979

71501040 201376 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5980

71501040 201380 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

71501040 201449 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 201544 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 201756 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5981

71501040 201782 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 201856 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5998

71501040 202031 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5974

71501040 202301 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 202321 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6010

71501040 202324 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5980

71501040 202567 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5981

71501040 202788 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 202827 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5998

71501040 202976 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5987

71501040 203160 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5984

71501090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6327

71501090 100160 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6327

71501090 201137 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6327

71501090 201194 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6312

71501090 202764 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6327

71501200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7536

71501300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5262

71703040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1750

71704000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2413

71704000 100443 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2414

71704000 100789 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2419

71704000 101009 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2413

71704000 203049 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2520

71801000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2410

71801020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

71801040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9200

71801100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1038

71801100 101170 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1039

71801100 203642 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1037

71801100 203644 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1038

71802010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1116

71803010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2008

71803010 100369 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2006

71901110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1972

71901110 200360 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1972

71901110 202259 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1972

71905210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0363

71931010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0823

72202010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3013

72202020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1859

72202020 201220 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1860

72202020 203164 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1707

72202020 203240 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1859

72302000 202861 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6191

72306000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7985

72308000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6466

72308500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8140

72308500 100393 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8134

73210110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0028

73211110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0149

73501000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6048

73501000 101063 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6053

73501000 101148 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6048

73501010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6254

74402110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2976

74402200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1707

74402200 100649 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1712

74402310 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2204

74501010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0943

74601000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3279

74601010 101021 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2467

74602010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

74602010 100088 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3863

74602010 100683 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5862

74602010 100759 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6538

74602010 101040 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2394

74602010 101096 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3207

74602050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8037

74602100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4553

74603010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5998

74604010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5998

74604500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4743

74604600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0823

74605010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4320

74606010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7167

74606020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5466

75302030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1284

75302070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1299
C-39

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

75340160 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0663

75412010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1177

75412010 200522 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1177

75412010 200773 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1177

75412010 203569 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1177

75412060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0685

75412060 202021 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0685

75412060 203584 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0685

75418030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1286

75439500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2894

75440100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0377

75440110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0311

75440170 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0539

75440200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2261

75440400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5022

75460700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1535

75460710 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1552

75460800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2126

75460810 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2046

75601000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2410

75601020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

75601200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5430

75601210 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4557

75601210 100783 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4566

75603000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2410

75603020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

75604020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2500

75607000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6644

75607020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

75607020 100562 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3207

75607040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

75607060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2410

75607090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2410

75607130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9139

75607140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

75607140 100935 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3207

75608100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6640

75608200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9614

75609000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4874

75609020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5415

75609050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5682

75646010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8283

75649010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4915

75649010 100127 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3258

75649010 100326 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4202

75649010 100724 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6590

75649010 101131 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1946

75649030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5000

75649050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9347

75649100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8050

75649110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4909

75649110 202546 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4911

75649110 203553 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5019

75649150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5564

75651000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5563

75651000 100341 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5591

75651000 100357 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5591

75651010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4915

75651020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4857

75651020 100002 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5862

75651020 100061 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3207

75651030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5000

75651040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4915

75651040 100117 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3258

75651050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4915

75651050 100236 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5471

75651070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4220

75651080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6773

75651110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7678

75651120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4915

75651140 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5558

75652010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4162

75652040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4380

75652050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4291

75654010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4915

75654010 100621 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3258

75656010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4132

75657000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9494

77141010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0280

77272010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0745

77316010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1172

77316010 201336 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1200

77316510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2446

77513010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4132

77563010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4018
C-40

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

77563010 202963 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3932

81302010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1786

81302020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1523

81302030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5117

83101500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0343

83105100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2434

83111000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0006

91301100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6747

91301200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6776

91304050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0773

91361010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5378

91361030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6957

91361040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6962

91405500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1247

91407150 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2233

91501010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8393

91501020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5454

91501020 100027 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.2199

91501020 100358 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5518

91501020 100610 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5320

91501020 202715 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5859

91501020 203421 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5392

91501020 203486 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5368

91501030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7785

91501030 202037 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7785

91501040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5021

91501040 100903 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4866

91501050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7780

91501060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6536

91501070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1792

91501070 100448 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1792

91501090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5169

91501100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6879

91501110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4866

91501110 100348 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4866

91501110 100840 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4759

91501110 100965 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4638

91501120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4950

91511010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9785

91511030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9213

91511050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8462

91511060 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7706

91511070 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1787

91511080 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5411

91511090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5627

91511100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8091

91511110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5728

91512010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5104

91520100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4736

91550100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1384

91580000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92100000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92100500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92101000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92101500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92101600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9044

92101640 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92101650 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9289

92101660 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92101670 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9289

92101700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92101800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9289

92101900 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3567

92101900 201503 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3558

92101900 203108 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3567

92103000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92104000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92105000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8000

92105010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9702

92106000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92111000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92111010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92114000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92121000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9328

92121010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9546

92121020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9392

92121030 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9684

92121040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9328

92130000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9332

92130010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9678

92130020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9546

92150000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92151000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92151100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92152000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000
C-41

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

92153000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92153100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9909

92161000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4917

92161000 202295 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4907

92201010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9740

92202010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9905

92203000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9872

92203110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9872

92204000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9499

92301000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1000

92301100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1000

92301130 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0950

92301190 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0950

92302000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92302200 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9499

92302300 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9958

92302400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9499

92302500 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92302600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9499

92302700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9958

92302800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9499

92304000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92304700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9958

92305000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9122

92305010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9941

92305040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9734

92305050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9734

92305090 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9934

92305110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9934

92305180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9941

92305800 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9734

92306000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92306050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92306700 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000

92510170 100213 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6064

92510170 100303 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6872

92510610 100385 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

92511010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7786

92511010 100545 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8665

92511010 100913 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8296

92511010 101121 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7645

92511020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7092

92511110 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7094

92511250 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7163

92511250 100960 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7710

92511260 100797 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6935

92511350 101061 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4474

92512050 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.5428

92530510 101073 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

92530520 100166 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

92530520 101152 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5454

92530610 100656 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3243

92530610 100796 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.1935

92530910 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7089

92530910 100424 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7645

92530910 100655 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7851

92530910 203128 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8503

92531020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7128

92531020 100998 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7433

92541010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9081

92541010 100274 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9772

92541010 101001 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9518

92541010 101126 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9674

92541020 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9046

92541020 100860 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9499

92541040 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9938

92541100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9081

92541100 100761 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8316

92542000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8716

92542000 100878 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9532

92542000 101019 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9314

92544000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9024

92544000 100183 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8740

92544000 100229 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8222

92544000 100230 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9204

92544000 100276 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9475

92544000 100287 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9244

92544000 100306 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8240

92544000 100463 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7581

92544000 100751 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9636

92544000 100898 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9233

92544000 100915 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9718

92544000 101141 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8726

92544000 101164 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9002

92544000 201653 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8614
C-42

Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

92544000 202341 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9319

92552000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9883

92610010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7868

92611010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8874

92611100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4223

92611510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.8932

92612010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.7400

92613010 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4182

92613510 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3876

92731000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9081

92741000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9950

92751000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.9079

93301120 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0758

93301180 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6379

93301180 100804 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6379

93301400 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.6618

93302000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.5911

93302100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.0253

93404600 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.3613

93504100 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 0.4340

94000000 0 01/01/94 12/31/96 1.0000
C-43

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
C-44

APPENDIX C4 Proportion of Indirect Water per 100 grams of

 Ingested USDA 1998 CSFII Foods 

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i 

 11120000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9071

 11121100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8702

 11121210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9061

 11121300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9071

 11210000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4847

 11210200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4847

 11211000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4847

 11211200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4847

 11212000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4807

 11220200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4365

 11514100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8623

 11514300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9221

 11541000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0633

 11552200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2732

 11553000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1481

 11561010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4606

 11561010 204009 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4606

 11710102 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11710103 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8771

 11710103 204147 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9146

 11710112 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11710202 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11710203 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8720

 11710402 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11710403 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8720

 11710403 204043 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9108

 11710403 204423 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8563

 11710403 204472 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8502

 11710403 204838 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7730

 11710403 204925 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9533

 11710403 204952 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9008

 11710503 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8758

 11710602 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11710602 203882 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3893

 11710602 203969 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3233

 11710602 203977 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5602

 11710602 203980 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5891

 11710602 204027 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6144

 11710602 204730 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6565

 11710603 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8771

 11710603 101078 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9345

 11710603 101215 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8426

 11710603 101216 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8263

 11710603 204246 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9554

 11710603 204788 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8955

 11710603 204817 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9146

 11710712 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4927

 11710713 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8771

 11710902 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11710903 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8720

 11710903 204041 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9316

 11710903 204735 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7730

 11710952 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11710953 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8631

 11710953 204633 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9265

 11720052 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4927

 11720302 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11720303 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8732

 11720303 204288 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9955

 11720402 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11720403 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8720

 11720403 204060 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8195

 11720403 204094 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9316

 11720403 204926 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9533

 11720452 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11720502 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11720503 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8732

 11720602 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4887

 11720602 204075 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5891

 11720602 204317 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3233

 11720603 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8732
C-45

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 11740302 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4919

 11740303 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8606

 13210300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0019

 13210350 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2970

 13210350 202769 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0658

 13210410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1399

 13210410 100370 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1387

 13210410 200118 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1399

 13210410 201036 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1394

 13210410 202246 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1403

 13210520 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0083

 13210520 200727 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0083

 13210520 204518 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0082

 13252200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1271

 14650160 0 01/01/95 11/30/98 0.8068

 22210310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0125

 23220020 101247 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0503

 23220030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0111

 26100150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1264

 26107150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1474

 26107150 201662 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1474

 26109150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1310

 26109150 101070 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1310

 26115150 201594 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1256

 26115150 204298 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1256

 26117150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1304

 26127150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1300

 26127150 204693 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1301

 26151150 202740 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1262

 27111000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0400

 27111000 100297 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0401

 27111000 200853 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0401

 27111000 203703 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0403

 27111050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1100

 27111050 200854 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1090

 27111050 200866 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1090

 27111050 201056 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1092

 27111050 202053 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1093

 27111050 203655 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1090

 27111050 204023 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1072

 27111100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0760

 27112000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1703

 27112010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0543

 27112010 202333 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0541

 27113300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1493

 27115000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4101

 27116350 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1706

 27120060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2363

 27120130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1418

 27130100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2895

 27141030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1107

 27141030 203960 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1107

 27143000 204035 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5501

 27144000 204929 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0755

 27146100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2261

 27146350 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0894

 27160100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2278

 27162050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1147

 27162050 100648 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1165

 27162050 202285 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1140

 27162050 203445 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1140

 27162050 203879 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1158

 27162050 204007 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1145

 27162050 204324 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1130

 27162050 204614 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1140

 27162050 204743 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1131

 27162050 204748 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1147

 27211100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1351

 27211110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1273

 27211110 204961 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1285

 27211150 201699 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1028

 27211200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2468

 27211550 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1311

 27212000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3462

 27212000 202607 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3517

 27212000 204564 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3597

 27212000 204723 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3465

 27212050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3803
C-46

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 27212050 200689 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3792

 27212050 201369 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3798

 27212050 202710 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3799

 27212050 202928 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3800

 27212050 203993 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3794

 27212100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1724

 27212100 200857 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1772

 27212100 201557 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1772

 27212100 203466 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1772

 27212120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1286

 27212150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2889

 27212150 100331 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2972

 27212150 204093 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2933

 27212200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1756

 27212300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1313

 27212300 204477 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1391

 27212350 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2425

 27212350 202851 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2420

 27212350 203035 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2465

 27212350 203912 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2425

 27212350 204867 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1169

 27213000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4529

 27213000 203476 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4529

 27213000 203789 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4218

 27213000 204890 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4221

 27213100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1754

 27213100 100812 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1749

 27213100 204136 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1752

 27213120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2129

 27213400 204149 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1771

 27213500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2530

 27220050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2092

 27220120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2955

 27220210 204684 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4114

 27220310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3955

 27220310 204143 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4029

 27220310 204649 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3961

 27220510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2464

 27236000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1191

 27241010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3455

 27242000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4044

 27242000 100384 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4037

 27242200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5680

 27242300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2362

 27242300 204039 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2420

 27242310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2484

 27242350 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2967

 27242400 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2416

 27242400 202541 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2520

 27242400 203947 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2419

 27242400 204552 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2476

 27243000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4256

 27243000 203479 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4251

 27243000 204103 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3957

 27243000 204536 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4031

 27243000 204846 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3956

 27243300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2229

 27243300 203881 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2229

 27243300 203931 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2229

 27243500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1747

 27243600 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1286

 27246100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2841

 27250520 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1689

 27250610 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1823

 27250630 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1814

 27250630 201273 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1814

 27250630 202216 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2883

 27250630 202723 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1814

 27250630 203942 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1816

 27311310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1481

 27311310 204976 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1472

 27311320 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3221

 27311410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3511

 27311420 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3743

 27313010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2261

 27313150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3392

 27313160 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3484

 27313210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2737

 27313220 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2677
C-47

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 27313310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2345

 27313410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1236

 27313410 101249 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1227

 27313420 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1223

 27315010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2208

 27315220 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2520

 27315250 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0730

 27315270 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0713

 27315310 204607 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1883

 27315320 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1890

 27315510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1688

 27315520 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1835

 27317010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3236

 27320030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0939

 27320030 204979 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0939

 27330060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1589

 27336310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3540

 27341310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2581

 27343010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2672

 27343410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4426

 27343420 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4270

 27343470 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1892

 27343480 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1892

 27343510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3395

 27343520 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3395

 27343910 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2221

 27343910 204070 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2311

 27343950 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1421

 27343960 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1486

 27345010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2387

 27345210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1919

 27345220 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2029

 27345310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4203

 27345320 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4204

 27345410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1855

 27345420 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1841

 27345440 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1260

 27345450 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1680

 27345450 204982 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1680

 27345510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2110

 27345520 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2027

 27347100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1133

 27347100 204133 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1177

 27347100 204612 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1170

 27350060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1993

 27350080 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1609

 27350080 100388 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1609

 27350410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1700

 27350410 204105 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2629

 27350410 204591 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1701

 27360000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3048

 27360050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3342

 27360080 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0580

 27363100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2003

 27411100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2927

 27411120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1310

 27415200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1190

 27416150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1133

 27416150 204521 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1132

 27416450 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3346

 27420170 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0947

 27420500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1075

 27420510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1190

 27430510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0707

 27443110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0555

 27445110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0966

 27445110 204578 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0999

 27445110 204821 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0999

 27445110 204837 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0999

 27445120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0945

 27446100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2294

 27450410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0873

 27450410 100865 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0873

 27450410 203988 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0909

 27450410 204020 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0911

 27464000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3401

 28310160 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8475

 28310170 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9590

 28310210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6188
C-48

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 28310230 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5319

 28310320 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4583

 28311010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6466

 28315130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0440

 28315140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6138

 28315150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5864

 28315150 100209 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5838

 28315150 204077 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6432

 28315150 204101 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6404

 28320110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6503

 28320120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5894

 28320130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5711

 28320150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0782

 28320300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6083

 28321130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3204

 28340110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8628

 28340120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9145

 28340130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7701

 28340150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5226

 28340310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7332

 28340530 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8327

 28340530 100843 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9163

 28340580 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6490

 28340660 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3706

 28340660 100245 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3656

 28340670 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4762

 28340800 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4433

 28345030 203992 01/01/95 11/30/98 0.3207

 28345110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2410

 28345130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4857

 28350050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1465

 28350210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1670

 28350220 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2300

 28355430 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9000

 28355450 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4418

 28355450 101018 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4402

 28355460 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4812

 28355470 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4425

 28355480 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4458

 28500100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8257

 28522000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5058

 32105010 100342 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2155

 32105010 201026 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2155

 32105010 201087 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2154

 32105010 201300 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2222

 32105010 202308 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2156

 32105010 202379 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2159

 32105010 203054 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2221

 32105010 203894 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2159

 32105010 204012 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2153

 32105010 204141 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2150

 32105010 204597 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2155

 32105010 204719 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2164

 32105030 100643 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1900

 32105030 202907 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1851

 32105030 204936 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1864

 32105030 204950 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1851

 32105050 201934 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2129

 32105060 204108 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1891

 32105080 100325 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1842

 32105080 100353 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1842

 32105080 201197 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1892

 32105100 101100 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1482

 32105100 201733 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1483

 32105100 201898 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1483

 32105110 204162 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2250

 32105121 101242 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1941

 32105121 204834 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1944

 32105122 204315 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1936

 32105130 201090 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1215

 32105160 100186 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2190

 32105160 203704 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2258

 32300100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7765

 33102010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6604

 33201010 100728 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2377

 33201010 203207 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2299

 33201110 203899 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2109

 33301010 203044 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2330

 41101000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2856
C-49

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 41101010 202535 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2898

 41101010 204761 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2898

 41101020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3102

 41101100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2672

 41101110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2672

 41101110 100504 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2715

 41101110 200187 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2715

 41101110 202299 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2715

 41101120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2901

 41102000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3021

 41102010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3030

 41102010 100139 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3079

 41102010 201473 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3079

 41102010 202265 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3079

 41102010 204051 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3079

 41102010 204942 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3079

 41102020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3292

 41103010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3038

 41103010 200622 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3087

 41103010 204017 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3087

 41103020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3299

 41103060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2829

 41103070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2603

 41103070 201313 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2645

 41104000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3055

 41104010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3055

 41104010 100416 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 100471 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 200165 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 200227 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 200246 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 200350 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 200613 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 200724 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 200961 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 201593 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104010 202549 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3104

 41104020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3319

 41106000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2862

 41106010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2862

 41106010 100477 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2909

 41106010 201294 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2909

 41106010 201611 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2909

 41106020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3108

 41107000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2935

 41108010 203965 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3281

 41108010 203984 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3285

 41108010 204230 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3288

 41201010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2406

 41203020 204438 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1901

 41204020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2406

 41205010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2179

 41205010 200060 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2167

 41205010 201326 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2167

 41205010 201510 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2167

 41205010 201638 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2181

 41205010 204270 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2163

 41205010 204503 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2161

 41205050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2650

 41205100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3075

 41207030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2178

 41207030 100247 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0988

 41301010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3017

 41301010 100534 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3065

 41301010 200985 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3065

 41301010 200996 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3065

 41301010 204010 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3065

 41302000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2301

 41302010 101172 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2337

 41302010 204986 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2300

 41302020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2499

 41303000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3261

 41303010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3192

 41303020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3192

 41304130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2211

 41304980 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3196

 41304990 100223 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3198

 41304990 202969 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3198

 41305000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3271
C-50

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 41310100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2396

 41310310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2787

 41601010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6979

 41601020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4691

 41601040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6421

 41601070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5964

 41601070 203549 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6003

 41601080 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6490

 41601090 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5360

 41601100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5645

 41601130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5806

 41601140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6948

 41601140 100243 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5155

 41601140 204767 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5290

 41601140 204886 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5152

 41601170 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5384

 41601180 0 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.3644

 41602040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7777

 41602050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4874

 41603010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6408

 41603010 201651 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6349

 41603010 204832 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6639

 41610100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5625

 41812800 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3339

 42204050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2387

 51165060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0397

 51182010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6231

 51182010 200492 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6231

 51201060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1885

 51300140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2668

 51300150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2668

 51300180 101244 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2761

 51301040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2656

 51301540 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2653

 51301550 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2046

 51320040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2357

 52101050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4550

 52208750 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2176

 52208760 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1919

 52209010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1857

 52306500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0268

 52404060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0299

 53100050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1064

 53101100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2992

 53101250 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1388

 53102700 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0270

 53104400 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0282

 53105100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1940

 53105200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1181

 53105300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1377

 53105600 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1831

 53106050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1387

 53107100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0049

 53107200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0022

 53108000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1076

 53108100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1778

 53109000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1120

 53109100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1911

 53111000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2507

 53113950 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1979

 53114100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1184

 53115100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1690

 53115200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1129

 53115310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1546

 53116000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0006

 53116500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0608

 53116550 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1341

 53117000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1464

 53117100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1679

 53117200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1627

 53120100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1929

 53120200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1199

 53120330 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1998

 53120350 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1328

 53121000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1279

 53121100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2123

 53121200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1279

 53121300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1917

 53121330 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1275
C-51

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 53202000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0016

 53204000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1327

 53204500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0819

 53206550 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0021

 53215500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0028

 53231000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0156

 53236100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0019

 53300170 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1200

 53301070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1289

 53301500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1377

 53303500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0824

 53305010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0248

 53305070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0553

 53305700 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0301

 53307000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2769

 53312000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0311

 53314000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0401

 53341750 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0322

 53342000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0353

 53342070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0416

 53346000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0166

 53360000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0180

 53370000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1074

 53387000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0134

 53390000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1190

 53400200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0747

 53410100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0959

 53415100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0468

 53420000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1570

 53420200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1570

 53420300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2262

 53420400 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2437

 53450300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0492

 53450500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0434

 53520200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1885

 53610000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1964

 53610100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1964

 53610200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1627

 55105300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4498

 55501000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4325

 55502000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7799

 55702000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3202

 55703000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5753

 56101000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6161

 56101010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6161

 56101030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5965

 56101030 200303 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5972

 56101030 200582 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5974

 56101030 200676 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5964

 56101030 200710 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5972

 56101030 201700 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5972

 56101030 203004 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5963

 56101030 204430 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5977

 56101030 204648 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5994

 56101030 204891 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5972

 56102010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6416

 56103010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6300

 56103020 204146 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6081

 56104000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6537

 56104010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6537

 56112000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6489

 56112010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6489

 56112030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6313

 56112030 100795 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6328

 56112030 200030 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6312

 56112030 200103 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6320

 56112030 200201 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6319

 56112030 200319 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6329

 56112030 202024 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6319

 56112030 202090 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6319

 56112030 203069 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6312

 56113010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6416

 56114000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6726

 56117000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7600

 56117090 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7063

 56117100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7063

 56117110 204111 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6861

 56130000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6174

 56130010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6174
C-52

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 56131000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5978

 56131000 100075 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 56131000 100104 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 56131000 200049 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 56131000 200239 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5986

 56131000 200797 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 56131000 201426 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5977

 56131000 202235 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5975

 56131000 204021 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5996

 56131000 204159 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5975

 56133000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6416

 56139990 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6460

 56140000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6490

 56200300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8369

 56200390 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6499

 56200500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7312

 56200990 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8758

 56201000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8787

 56201010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8758

 56201020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8409

 56201020 200206 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8407

 56201030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8787

 56201070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6352

 56201071 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6352

 56201090 0 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.6777

 56201091 0 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.6777

 56201092 204138 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.6429

 56201110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8401

 56201120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8007

 56201120 200697 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8004

 56201120 202470 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8020

 56201210 0 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.8375

 56201220 0 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.7853

 56201220 101118 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.7845

 56201220 200611 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.7850

 56201230 0 01/01/96 11/30/98 0.8375

 56201240 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8095

 56201250 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7607

 56201260 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8095

 56201510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7577

 56201520 204608 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6433

 56202500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7292

 56202960 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8369

 56202970 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8369

 56202980 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8369

 56203000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8369

 56203010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8369

 56203020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8369

 56203030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7381

 56203050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8067

 56203050 200205 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8065

 56203050 202566 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8071

 56203060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8067

 56203060 100692 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8071

 56203060 201878 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8065

 56203070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6925

 56203070 200148 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6922

 56203080 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7381

 56203090 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6695

 56203100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6200

 56203100 201498 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6198

 56203100 204241 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6188

 56203100 204917 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6194

 56203540 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4016

 56204980 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6879

 56204990 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6369

 56205000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6369

 56205010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6369

 56205020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6958

 56205030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6958

 56205040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6879

 56205050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8583

 56205080 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3974

 56205090 101250 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9618

 56205110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6944

 56205120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6944

 56205130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7112

 56205150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7290

 56205170 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7112
C-53

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 56205170 200798 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7113

 56205170 203869 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7113

 56205210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7109

 56205300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7291

 56205320 204544 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7122

 56205340 204500 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7104

 56205400 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6014

 56205400 200334 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6025

 56205420 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6014

 56205420 200056 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6012

 56205420 200124 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6043

 56205420 200263 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6028

 56205420 200333 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6025

 56205420 200371 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6025

 56205420 200575 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6025

 56205420 201116 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6025

 56205420 201193 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6009

 56205420 201246 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6045

 56205420 201329 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6045

 56205420 201888 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6012

 56205420 202219 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6043

 56205420 204045 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6045

 56205430 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6586

 56205430 100022 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6584

 56205430 101254 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9426

 56205430 200369 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6581

 56205430 203850 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9397

 56205430 204201 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9373

 56205440 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6531

 56205440 100900 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6542

 56205440 200204 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6529

 56205510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6627

 56205510 100484 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6637

 56205510 200470 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6625

 56205510 200836 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6640

 56205510 203861 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6637

 56205540 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6944

 56205550 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6625

 56206970 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8774

 56206990 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8774

 56207010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8806

 56207020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8774

 56207030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8445

 56207050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3977

 56207060 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8042

 56207060 203174 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8039

 56207070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8445

 56207120 204688 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7043

 56207150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6967

 56207160 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6967

 56207180 203150 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6591

 56207180 203973 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6588

 56207180 204700 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6607

 56207210 203966 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8294

 56207220 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8454

 56207220 202361 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8452

 56207230 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8425

 56207230 201794 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8423

 56207300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8055

 56207330 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7680

 56207340 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8055

 56207360 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8438

 56207370 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8438

 56208520 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8624

 56210000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7878

 58100300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1563

 58100330 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0207

 58101820 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0415

 58101830 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0466

 58101830 204175 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0453

 58101910 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0393

 58101910 201254 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0393

 58101910 204707 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0393

 58103110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2891

 58103110 100743 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2891

 58103110 200132 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2891

 58103110 204157 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3294

 58103310 101032 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4666

 58105100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4348
C-54

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 58105110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3962

 58106210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1215

 58106310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1009

 58106320 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1009

 58106510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1039

 58106520 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1039

 58106520 100184 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0905

 58106520 204752 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1074

 58106520 204776 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1070

 58106710 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0893

 58106720 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0893

 58106720 100362 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0796

 58106740 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0907

 58106750 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0907

 58106750 204179 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0808

 58106760 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1310

 58107050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1578

 58107210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1377

 58107220 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1377

 58110110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3761

 58110120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3874

 58110130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3612

 58110130 204112 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3633

 58110170 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4310

 58111200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0873

 58112510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0946

 58112510 100999 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0946

 58112510 204167 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1273

 58113110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0650

 58121410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4696

 58121410 205028 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4689

 58125110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0291

 58125110 101210 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0293

 58125120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0214

 58125120 101235 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0216

 58125120 101251 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0214

 58126110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0710

 58126140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1264

 58126270 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0637

 58128120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0705

 58128220 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1286

 58130010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2351

 58130010 100456 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2332

 58130010 100468 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2353

 58130010 100600 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2340

 58130010 200987 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2351

 58130010 201239 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2356

 58130010 201716 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2355

 58130010 202087 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2353

 58130010 202145 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2346

 58130010 202998 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2352

 58130010 203295 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2358

 58130010 203672 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2329

 58130010 204066 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2337

 58130010 204577 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2342

 58130010 204654 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2343

 58130010 204804 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2359

 58130010 204818 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2342

 58130010 204928 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2345

 58130010 204999 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2334

 58130010 205023 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2346

 58130010 205025 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2337

 58130020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2171

 58130150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2170

 58130310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2630

 58130310 200077 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2636

 58130310 204920 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2613

 58130310 204921 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2610

 58130320 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2406

 58130320 202985 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2412

 58131100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0280

 58131110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0891

 58131310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0260

 58131320 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0854

 58131510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0294

 58131520 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0914

 58131530 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0846

 58131530 203897 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1013

 58131530 203898 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1016
C-55

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 58131600 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0196

 58132110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2625

 58132310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1603

 58132310 100548 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1602

 58132310 100742 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1603

 58132310 200434 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1603

 58132310 200855 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1603

 58132310 202057 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1602

 58132310 204263 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1602

 58132310 204563 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1602

 58132310 204833 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1602

 58132310 204909 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1601

 58132710 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2132

 58132820 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4172

 58132910 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2131

 58132910 101255 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2131

 58132910 204540 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2131

 58133110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0370

 58133130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0888

 58133140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0949

 58134120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1030

 58134130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0960

 58134130 204796 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0955

 58134160 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0520

 58134610 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3901

 58134620 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0920

 58134650 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0261

 58134720 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0306

 58135110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0713

 58136110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1464

 58136110 100830 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1463

 58136110 202455 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1463

 58136110 203157 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1464

 58136120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2821

 58136130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1289

 58145110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2527

 58145110 100035 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2639

 58145110 100038 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2525

 58145110 100067 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2526

 58145110 100074 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2526

 58145110 100100 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2523

 58145110 100111 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2641

 58145110 100958 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2640

 58145110 101168 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2636

 58145110 200082 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2528

 58145110 200648 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2642

 58145110 200700 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2524

 58145110 200712 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2529

 58145110 200718 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2527

 58145110 200776 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2520

 58145110 200998 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2528

 58145110 201287 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2639

 58145110 201556 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2530

 58145110 201667 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2640

 58145110 201909 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2635

 58145110 201943 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2532

 58145110 202062 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2633

 58145110 202506 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2524

 58145110 202617 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2523

 58145110 202856 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2530

 58145110 202927 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2637

 58145110 203131 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2637

 58145110 203265 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2530

 58145110 203862 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2527

 58145110 204026 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2539

 58145110 204074 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2533

 58145110 204087 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2645

 58145110 204122 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2538

 58145110 204124 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2531

 58145110 204211 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2539

 58145110 204253 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3737

 58145110 204254 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3727

 58145110 204524 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2534

 58145110 204530 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2528

 58145110 204560 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2537

 58145110 204573 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2536

 58145110 204644 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2531

 58145110 204683 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2529

 58145110 204774 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2537
C-56

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 58145110 204778 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2637

 58145110 204845 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2538

 58145110 204874 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2652

 58145110 205008 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3999

 58145114 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4547

 58145114 100040 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4547

 58145114 100042 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4547

 58145114 100079 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4544

 58145114 100090 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4545

 58145114 100092 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5014

 58145114 100106 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5014

 58145114 100126 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6110

 58145114 100232 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5014

 58145114 100268 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5014

 58145114 100294 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5541

 58145114 100380 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5537

 58145114 101077 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4543

 58145114 200445 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4541

 58145114 200473 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4545

 58145114 200503 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4547

 58145114 200541 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4545

 58145114 200808 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4545

 58145114 201129 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4545

 58145114 201179 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5011

 58145114 201232 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4546

 58145114 201584 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4541

 58145114 201592 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4543

 58145114 201972 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4545

 58145114 202001 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4541

 58145114 202050 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4539

 58145114 202355 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4541

 58145114 203477 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4545

 58145114 203832 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4571

 58145114 203860 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4569

 58145114 203959 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4554

 58145114 203963 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4571

 58145114 203989 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4543

 58145114 204018 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4549

 58145114 204117 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4554

 58145114 204135 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4543

 58145114 204327 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4552

 58145114 204333 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4554

 58145114 204516 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4550

 58145114 204557 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5547

 58145114 204729 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4555

 58145114 204808 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5024

 58145114 204937 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4575

 58145115 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5345

 58145120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2214

 58145120 100521 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2214

 58145120 200545 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2214

 58145120 201431 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2215

 58145120 203026 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2214

 58145120 204559 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2186

 58145120 204847 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2216

 58145120 205001 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2222

 58145130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1785

 58145130 101237 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1792

 58145130 202681 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1785

 58145140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3546

 58145150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2193

 58145150 100993 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2193

 58145150 101238 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2184

 58145150 203852 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2199

 58145150 203928 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2194

 58145160 203877 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2040

 58145160 204941 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2038

 58145170 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2443

 58145170 100218 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2546

 58145170 100413 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2544

 58145170 100469 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2542

 58145170 100487 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2444

 58145170 100881 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2437

 58145170 201430 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2540

 58145170 201821 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2436

 58145170 201925 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2550

 58145170 202126 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2441

 58145170 202746 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2443

 58145170 203927 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2443
C-57

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 58145170 204353 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2548

 58146100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4528

 58146120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0786

 58146120 203994 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1065

 58146150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4403

 58146150 204374 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4272

 58147100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4150

 58147310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3040

 58147310 100089 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3039

 58147310 100861 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3071

 58147310 200861 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3039

 58147310 204877 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3205

 58147330 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4667

 58147330 101093 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4667

 58148110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3669

 58148110 100320 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3701

 58148110 100558 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3669

 58148110 202859 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3625

 58148110 203088 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3637

 58148110 204059 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3687

 58148120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2876

 58148120 100730 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2902

 58148130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3116

 58148130 101228 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3099

 58148130 202070 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3139

 58148140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3175

 58148150 100831 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3221

 58148160 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2394

 58148160 201511 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2412

 58148170 204168 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2196

 58148180 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2513

 58148500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3173

 58148500 200916 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3217

 58148500 203139 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3173

 58148550 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3017

 58148550 100383 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3017

 58148550 100961 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3017

 58148550 203271 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3027

 58148550 204758 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3050

 58150110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3896

 58150110 101037 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4168

 58150110 201383 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3896

 58150110 202499 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3896

 58150310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3930

 58150310 100227 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3931

 58150310 100457 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3928

 58150310 101233 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4121

 58150310 204056 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4116

 58150310 204610 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3947

 58150310 204749 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4118

 58150510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3956

 58155110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2150

 58156210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2554

 58156410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2099

 58156610 100252 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4435

 58160110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5751

 58160110 100109 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2891

 58160110 100495 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3057

 58160110 100756 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2883

 58160110 101153 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2706

 58160110 202795 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3047

 58160110 202997 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6071

 58160110 203184 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2923

 58160110 203814 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2648

 58160110 204262 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3056

 58160110 204880 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5763

 58160110 204943 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2898

 58160120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4303

 58160120 100705 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2148

 58160120 203936 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4309

 58160120 204278 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2237

 58160130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3710

 58160140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4862

 58160140 204975 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4891

 58160150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2145

 58160150 201187 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2158

 58160150 202717 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2158

 58160150 203010 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2212

 58160150 204520 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2145
C-58

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 58161300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4149

 58161300 100214 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4203

 58161300 101234 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4152

 58161300 200211 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4151

 58161300 201024 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4151

 58161300 201635 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4151

 58161300 203925 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4151

 58161300 203945 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4150

 58161300 204174 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4154

 58161300 204801 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4154

 58161310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4842

 58161310 204658 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4842

 58162110 100814 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1121

 58162110 203103 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1130

 58162310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5615

 58162310 100991 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5841

 58162310 200250 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5613

 58162310 202704 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5618

 58162310 203379 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5616

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 58163210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4569

 58163310 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6929

 58163310 201500 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6933

 58163310 202911 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6927

 58163310 203023 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7178

 58163310 203045 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6930

 58163330 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7954

 58163330 201015 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7953

 58163330 204363 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7953

 58163330 204859 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8123

 58163350 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7458

 58163350 201427 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7457

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 58163380 100105 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7287

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 58163380 202152 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7293

 58163380 202867 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7539

 58163380 203853 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7290

 58163380 203917 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7287

 58163380 204417 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7292

 58163410 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2159

 58163410 100085 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2159

 58163410 200460 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2159

 58163410 201421 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2159

 58163410 201485 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2184

 58163410 203302 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2162

 58163410 203674 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2160

 58163410 203819 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2160

 58163410 204855 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2159

 58163450 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1313

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 58163610 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5090

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 58400000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6620

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 58402100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4914

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 58403010 100165 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5471

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 58403010 100737 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4202

 58403010 100936 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1946

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 58407030 101197 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8744
C-59

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 58407030 203653 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9176

 58407050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6786

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 58421020 203031 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6868

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 58421060 204814 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2673

 58421080 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6060

 58450300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0836

 61201620 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7204

 61201630 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7065

 61210000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7146

 61210620 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7146

 61210620 100058 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7695

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 61210620 100653 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7450

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 61210620 203539 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8335

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 61226000 204437 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

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 64104050 100284 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

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 64104450 101236 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

 64116010 100454 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

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 64116050 204974 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

 64116100 100488 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

 64116100 101195 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2647

 64116100 204479 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5454

 64116100 204826 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3243

 64116150 204319 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

 64124060 101167 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9343

 71501040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 200091 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 200400 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 200588 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 200728 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 71501040 200880 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 201328 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 71501040 201380 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 71501040 201449 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 201544 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 201756 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5981

 71501040 201782 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 202301 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 202788 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5987

 71501040 204406 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 71501040 204651 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5984

 71501040 204694 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5981

 71501090 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6327

 71501090 201137 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6327

 71501090 202764 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6327

 71501090 204140 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6327

 71501090 204780 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6321

 71501090 204836 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6327

 71501200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7536

 71501300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5262

 71704000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2413

 71704000 203049 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2520

 71704000 204525 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2411

 71801000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2410

 71801020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4857
C-60

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 71801040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9200

 71801100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1038

 71901110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1972

 71901110 203995 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1975

 72202010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3013

 72202020 204037 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1731

 72202020 204038 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1731

 72302000 202861 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6191

 72308000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6466

 72308500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8140

 72308500 204172 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8141

 73501000 101148 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6048

 74402110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2976

 74402200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1707

 74601000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3279

 74602010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4857

 74602010 205018 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7391

 74602100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4553

 74603010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5998

 74604500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4743

 74605010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4320

 74606010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7167

 74606020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5466

 75340160 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0663

 75440100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0377

 75440110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0311

 75440200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2261

 75460700 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1535

 75460710 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1552

 75460800 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2126

 75601200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5430

 75601210 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4557

 75607000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6644

 75607020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4857

 75607020 203961 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2375

 75607090 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.2410

 75608100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6640

 75609000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4874

 75609020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5415

 75649010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4915

 75649010 100127 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3258

 75649010 100724 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6590

 75649030 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5000

 75649050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9347

 75649110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4909

 75649150 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5564

 75651000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5563

 75651000 100357 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5591

 75651000 205010 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5839

 75651010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4915

 75651020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4857

 75651040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4915

 75651050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4915

 75651070 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4220

 75651110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7678

 75651120 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4915

 75651140 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5558

 75652010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4162

 75652040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4380

 75652050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4291

 75657000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9494

 81302010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1786

 81302020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1523

 91301100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6747

 91361010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5378

 91405500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1247

 91501020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5454

 91501020 100610 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5320

 91501020 101190 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5272

 91501020 202715 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5859

 91501020 203486 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5368

 91501020 204151 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4471

 91501020 204876 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5332

 91501040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5021

 91501040 204873 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5021

 91511010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9785

 92100000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8800

 92101000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 1.0000

 92101700 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 1.0000
C-61

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 92103000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9909

 92105000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8000

 92111010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 1.0000

 92114000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9909

 92121020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9392

 92301000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0860

 92301130 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0950

 92302000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 1.0000

 92302200 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9499

 92302300 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9958

 92302400 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9499

 92302500 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 1.0000

 92302600 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9499

 92302700 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9958

 92302800 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9499

 92305000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9122

 92305010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9941

 92305040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9734

 92305050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9734

 92305090 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9934

 92305110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9933

 92305180 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9941

 92306000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 1.0000

 92306700 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 1.0000

 92511010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7786

 92511010 100545 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8665

 92511010 204323 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8023

 92511020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7092

 92511110 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7094

 92511250 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7163

 92512050 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7714

 92530520 100166 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

 92530520 101211 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1071

 92530610 100656 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.3243

 92530610 204827 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4186

 92530910 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7089

 92530910 100655 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7851

 92530910 204199 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7485

 92531020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7128

 92541010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9081

 92541010 101001 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9518

 92541020 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9046

 92541040 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9938

 92541100 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9081

 92542000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8716

 92544000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9024

 92544000 100276 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9475

 92544000 100287 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9244

 92544000 100306 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8240

 92544000 100751 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9636

 92544000 100915 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9718

 92544000 101164 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9002

 92544000 101246 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9170

 92544000 201653 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8614

 92544000 202341 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9319

 92544000 203903 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6998

 92544000 203904 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.6502

 92544000 203907 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7006

 92544000 203946 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9730

 92544000 203979 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7783

 92544000 204008 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7880

 92544000 204015 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7897

 92544000 204034 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9255

 92544000 204044 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9328

 92544000 204104 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9312

 92544000 204142 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9800

 92544000 204145 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8423

 92544000 204269 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9133

 92544000 204279 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8594

 92544000 204289 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9123

 92544000 204307 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8814

 92544000 204351 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8234

 92544000 204640 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9250

 92544000 204759 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9035

 92544000 204860 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9819

 92544000 204884 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8822

 92544000 204990 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9281

 92550110 204252 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.1935

 92550610 101248 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.5000
C-62

 Food code Modcode Start date End date G_i

 92552000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9883

 92610010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7868

 92611510 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.8932

 92611510 204076 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0227

 92611510 204265 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.0227

 92611510 204737 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.7449

 92613010 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.4182

 92731000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9081

 92741000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 0.9950

 94000000 0 01/01/94 11/30/98 1.0000
D-1

Appendix D

Statistical Methods and Sample Design

This appendix describes the statistical methods used to generate point and interval estimates of

daily average per capita water ingestion. Point estimates include the mean, 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th,

75th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles. Mean estimates were generated using ratio estimation techniques. 

Empirical percentiles were estimated using nonparametric techniques. All estimates incorporated CSFII

survey weights to project a sampled individual’s consumption to the population.

The majority of the per capita water ingestion estimates in this report are presented for specific

subpopulations and water source. The design of the CSFII survey did not always support estimation of

the variance when subpopulations were evaluated. Without a variance estimate, confidence intervals

about the mean or bootstrap intervals about percentile estimates cannot be produced. Therefore, the

tabulated presentations in Appendix E include only point estimates. However, the survey did support

variance, and thus interval estimation, for some subpopulations. These estimates are presented in the key

figures of Chapter 4 augmenting tabulated estimates for all individuals. 

When a variance was estimated for the mean per capita ingestion, we estimated the variance of

the mean using a Taylor series approximation of the deviation of estimates from their expected values. 

The Taylor series approximations were applied to ultimate clusters, which resulted in an overall estimate

of the variance instead of estimating variance components due to sample-design stages. We include the

statistical formulae for generating both the mean estimate and the estimate of the confidence interval

about the mean. We also provide the method for generating percentile estimates and estimates of 90

percent bootstrap intervals about the percentile estimates.

The primary sampling stage of the 1994–1996 CSFII divided the 50 United States and the District

of Columbia into 1,404 primary sampling units (PSUs). A Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), a

fraction of an MSA, counties, or groups of counties comprised a PSU. The federal Office of Management

and Budget defines an MSA as “a geographic area consisting of a large population nucleus together with

adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic and social integration with the nucleus”

(1994–96 CSFII survey documentation, p. 14–4).

In general, an MSA constituted a single PSU for the 1994–1996 CSFII. There were three

exceptions: New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago. The New York MSA was divided into three PSUs

while the other two exceptions each comprised two PSUs. From the 1,404 PSUs constituting the United

States, the primary stage CSFII sample selected 62 PSUs. The 24 largest of the 1,404 PSUs were

included in the CSFII with certainty. The remaining 1,380 PSUs were assigned to one of 38 strata based

on their 1990 population, percentage of black and Hispanic populations, and per capita income. One PSU

was then selected from each of the 38 strata with selection probability proportional to the 1990 
D-2

population. Of the 62 PSUs resulting from the first stage, 50 were MSAs and 12 were non-MSAs.

Then, each of the 62 sampled PSUs was divided into 36 area segments consisting of blocks or

groups of blocks. Twelve area segments were sampled each year of the survey with three segments

sampled during each quarter of the given year. From a sampled area segment, households were drawn

from dwelling unit listings, and individuals were then selected from the sampled household. Individual

selection occurred to ensure specified estimation criteria for given sex-age categories based on screening

questionnaire results.

To facilitate variance estimation, PSUs were assigned to variance estimation strata (VES). Two

PSUs, referred to in the CSFII documentation as variance estimation units (VEU), were assigned to a

variance estimation stratum. The 38 PSUs sampled were paired with adjacent PSUs to form 19 VES. The

24 PSUs that were sampled with certainty formed 24 VES. Each PSU that was sampled with certainty

had one half of its area segments assigned to a VEU within the VES. The remaining area segments from

the PSU were assigned to the second VEU within the area segment. Therefore, the 1994–1996 CSFII is

comprised of 43 VES. Variance estimation was not supported for several subpopulations evaluated in this

report because data must be available from each VEU to generate a variance for a VES. When samples at

the subpopulation level are small, this is not the case. 

The 1998 CSFII augments the 1994 through 1996 survey. The USDA conducted the survey in

response to the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 which requires that consumption patterns

include information from a statistically valid sample of infants and children. The 1998 CSFII includes a

nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized children aged 9 and younger. The same primary

and secondary stage sampling units were used for the 1998 CSFII as for the 1994–1996 CSFII. The same

24 area segments used in the last 2 years of the 1994–1996 CSFII were selected from each of the 62 PSUs

because they contained the most current listing information.

For this report, an ultimate cluster is considered the aggregate of the sampled individuals within a

VEU. The ultimate cluster method is supported by the survey design. It is also necessary for estimating

the variance of the mean estimate. Because the sample design contains multiple levels, such as VES and

VEU, specific information is necessary to partition the variance-of-the-mean estimate into components. 

That is, specification of the sample size and population size within each level of sampling is required. 

However, this information is not inherent in the CSFII data. Rather, the CSFII reports an adjusted sample

weight for each individual who reported 2 nonconsecutive days of consumption data during the survey. 

Given that only the adjusted weight was available, and not the specific sample and population size in each

phase, it was necessary to estimate the mean using ratio estimation techniques and the variance of the

mean using the ultimate cluster methodology, which does not partition the variance into sample design

components.

All estimates presented in this report incorporate 4-year, 2-day survey weights. The 1998 CSFII
D-3

data was weighted using the same approach used for the 1994, 1995, and 1996 data. First, an annual set

of survey weights for 2-day respondents was built using the sampling fraction for the year. This sampling

fraction is the product of the probability of selecting the PSU, the area segment within the PSU, the

household within the segment, and then selecting an eligible individual within the household. These

weights were adjusted for nonresponse and recalibrated to the corresponding year's March Current

Population Survey (CPS) population within 16 sociodemographic cells using the “raking ratio weighting”

process. This was done so that the weights would be consistent with the previously computed CSFII

1994–1996 (3-year) weights. Next, the CSFII 1998 sample was combined with the CSFII 1994–1996

sample using a "composite estimation approach," in which the combined estimator is a linear combination

of the corresponding recalibrated 1994–1996 and 1998 CSFII 2-day weights. The results were then

recalibrated a final time using the same raking procedure (CSFII survey documentation, pp. 5–8 through

5-18). These adjusted sample weights, which are recorded in the CSFII data in the variable WT4_2DAY,

record the number of individuals the sampled person represents in the population. For example, a sample

weight valued as 22 projects the data from the individual with that sample weight to 22 individuals in the

population of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia.

The mean, daily average per capita ingestion for a given commodity type was estimated as the

ratio of total consumption ingested by the United States population or subpopulation, divided by the

estimate of the total number of individuals in the population or subpopulation.

Let R t designate the mean, daily average per capita ingestion for the t th water source and

subpopulation category. R t is then estimated as 

To estimate the numerator,

or the total daily average consumption for the t th type, let

h=variance estimation stratum (VES) h=1...43

i=variance estimation units (VEU) i=1,2

j=individual j=1,2,3,...,n hi

and y thij be the daily average consumption in milliliters from the t th source by the j th individual sampled

from the i th variance estimation unit in the h th variance estimation stratum. The survey weight for the j th

individual in the i th VEU from the h th VES is designated w hij. 
D-4

To estimate

the total number of individuals in the population or subpopulation, the variable x hij is valued as 1 if the j th

person is in the i th VEU in the h th VES. Otherwise, x hij is valued as zero.

Then

and

To estimate the variance of the mean (V(R t)), first define the linearized variable

as

Thus, the value 

is the weighted difference between the daily average consumption for the j th individual and the estimated

mean, daily average per capita ingestion for the population.

Then, as the first component of the cluster, the values of 

are summed across the n thi sampled individuals in the i th VEU from the h th VES. That is,
D-5

This calculation was performed for each of the two VEUs comprising a given VES. The mean of the

VEU weighted deviations for each VES was then determined as

The ultimate cluster variance of the mean was calculated as

A 90–percent confidence interval about the estimated mean, daily average per capita ingestion was

estimated as

To demonstrate that the variance of the mean was estimated using a Taylor Series approximation

applied to ultimate clusters, define the function g(X,Y) as Y/X, where Y is the estimated total of the daily

average consumption by the population in the 50 States and Washington, D.C., and X is the estimated

population in the 50 States and Washington, D.C. Notice that the function g(X,Y) is the estimator for the

mean, daily average per capita ingestion, as defined above. Let y and x, respectively, be the expected

values of the variables Y and X. Then, the function F(X,Y) can be expanded in a Taylor series about

these expected values such that

Fx( x, y) is the first order partial derivative of F with respect to X evaluated at the expected value of X,

and Fy( x, y) is the first order partial derivative of F with respect to Y evaluated at the expected value of

Y. If F(X,Y) is defined as E(g(X,Y)), then 

since E(X– x)=0 and E(Y– y)=0. Therefore, if the higher order terms of the series are considered

negligible, the mean estimator is unbiased.
D-6

Define the variance of the estimated mean as V(F(X,Y)). If F(X,Y) is defined as E(g(X,Y)), then

Thus, the variance of the mean can be calculated as

which is equivalent to

Based on a method suggested by Woodruff (Woodruff 1971), which creates a synthetic variable

from the variable portion of the Taylor series variance estimate, the Taylor series variance estimate can be

approximated as

where the synthetic variable is 

If F(X,Y) is defined as E(g(X,Y)), which in this case is

then Z i becomes Z thij in keeping with the sample design, and

After collecting like terms and substituting the estimators for the summations as they are defined

previously, the equation becomes
D-7

Since X hij is 1 if the j th individual is in the sample, and 0 otherwise, the estimator for Z thij can be

expressed as

Notice that this expression of 

is the weighted difference between the daily average consumption for the j th individual and the estimated

mean, daily average per capita ingestion for the population, as defined earlier.

Estimates presented in this report were generated by coding the estimation formulae in SAS ®, the

statistical computing language. The linear approximation to the Taylor series estimate of the variance

was the method of choice because estimates were verified using SUDAAN, a commercially available

software package based on the same approach (Shah 1996).

Using the same synthetic variable Z, the procedure invoked by SUDAAN, when there is sampling

with replacement at the first stage of the sample design (DESIGN = WR), estimates the variance as

where

with
D-8

and

Notice that if the value 2—for the two VEUs sampled from each VES with replacement—is

substituted for n h in the previous four equations, which are listed as written in the April 1996 technical

manual for SUDAAN version 7.0, then the estimator becomes the ultimate cluster estimator listed in

Section 3.1.1 (Shah 1996).

To generate percentile estimates, denote the p th percentile of the distribution F as p. Define p as p=inf{F(Y) p}.

The cumulative distribution, F(Y), is estimated as

with

and a hij= 1 if y hij y; 0 otherwise.

Thus, the p th percentile is estimated as 

Computationally, y hij is arranged in ascending order across all values of the indices. The survey

weights associated with the arranged y hij are summed until the first instance when the value of p is

exceeded.

In addition to percentiles from the empirical distributions of daily average water intake, tables in

Chapter 4 reports 90–percent interval estimates for the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles. Reported interval

estimates are nonparametric estimates resulting from bootstrapping techniques reported by Efron (Efron
D-9

1982).

The reported bootstrap intervals do not result from direct estimates of the standard deviation of

the point estimate. Rather, the bootstrap estimates result from the percentile method, which estimates the

lower and upper bounds for the interval estimate by the 100 percentile and 100(1– ) percentile

estimates from the nonparametric distribution of the given point estimate. This distribution of the

observed values of the given point estimate is determined from repeated resampling of the empirical data. 

Resampling was conducted, with replacement, in accordance with the structure of the sampling

data. That is, sampling was conducted at the Variance Estimation Unit (VEU) level. For each bootstrap

sampling iteration, the n hij daily average intake values in a VEU were resampled with replacement until

the resample contained n hij observations. The frequency of a given consumption value from the VEU in

the resample is determined by either a Poisson or binomial random number generator. If the number of

observations remaining to be drawn for the resample at the k th draw, where 0<k n hij, is greater than 50,

and the ratio of the number of observations remaining to be drawn to the number of draws remaining is

less than five, then the random number for the frequency the given observation appears in the resample

results from a Poisson distribution. The mean of the Poisson distribution is the ratio of the number of

observations remaining to be drawn to the number of draws remaining. If the number of observations

remaining to be included in the resample is less than or equal to 50, the frequency for the given

observation results from a binomial random number generator. The binomial distribution for the random

generator has an n equal to the number of remaining draws and a p of one divided by the number of

remaining draws. This method is an adaptation of a method provided by Ahrens and Dieter (Kennedy

1980).

As an illustration of the resampling algorithm, suppose there are 129 observations in a given

VEU. At the initiation of the bootstrap resampling, the ratio of the number of observations remaining to

be drawn in the resample to the number of draws remaining is 1. Therefore, a number is generated from a

Poisson random number generator with the mean of 1. The number from the random generator

determines the number of times the value of the first observation from the original sample is included in

the bootstrap resample. Further, suppose that after the 99th draw from the sample, 101 observations were

included in the bootstrap resample. For the 100th draw, there are 28 (129 minus 101) observations

remaining to be included in the resample. After the 99th draw, there are 30 draws remaining to be

conducted. Therefore, the frequency with which the 100th observation in the original sample will appear

in the resample is determined from a binomial random generator with n=28 and p=1/30.

One thousand resamples were drawn from each VEU. For each complete set of VEUs, the given

point estimate was calculated. Therefore, if (x *

1

, x *

2

, x *

3

, ...., x *

1000) represents the 1,000 bootstrap

resamples, then let (p *

1

, p *

2

, p *

3

, ...., p *

1000) represent the resulting estimates of the p th percentile from

the 1,000 resamples. The value of the 5th percentile of the empirical distribution of the given percentile

estimate from the bootstrap resamples (p *

5%) is the lower bound for the 90–percent bootstrap interval
D-10

estimate. Likewise, the value of the 95th percentile from the distribution of bootstrap estimates (p *

95%) is

the upper bound estimate for the 90–percent interval estimate. The central point of the estimated

90–percent interval is not necessarily the reported value of the p th percentile estimate; this is due to the

asymmetry of the distribution of the percentile estimates.
E-1

Appendix E

Per Capita Water Ingestion Estimates

Tabulated estimates of per capita water ingestion are presented in four parts. Each part includes

estimates of the mean and empirical percentiles from the empirical distribution of daily average per capita

ingestion and contains five sets of tables that differ by water source. These sources are community water,

bottled water, water from other sources, missing source, and total water. Units are milliliters per person

per day for Parts I and III, and milliliters per kilogram of body weight per day for Parts II and IV.

For a given source of water, tables of estimates are presented by type of ingestion. Direct

ingestion estimates are reported first. Direct ingestion is defined as plain water ingested as a beverage. 

Estimates of indirect ingestion—water ingested through foods with water added at the final phase of

preparation, at home or locally—follow the estimates of directly ingested water. The third set of

estimates is total ingestion, which is direct and indirect water ingested from that given source.

All water source and type of ingestion estimates are presented for three sociodemographic

subsets. These sociodemographic subsets are as follows: • Gender and broad age categories

• Fine age categories

• Pregnant, lactating, and childbearing-aged women.
E-2

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
E-3

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-1

 Table A1. Community Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 763 1,920,275 42 - - - - - 26 120 235 482*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 251 - - - - 146 348 625 880 1,423

 11-19 825 16,495,997 408 - - - - 230 583 1,058 1,446 2,245*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 549 - - - - 349 817 1,395 1,865 3,062

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 481 - - - - 262 701 1,216 1,654 2,836

 Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 304 - - - - 105 589 802 959 1,371*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 133 - - - 12 79 200 353 445 706

 11-19 825 16,495,997 184 - - - 6 96 261 470 686 1,157*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 489 - - - 119 365 700 1,080 1,394 2,367

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 397 - - - 57 258 585 949 1,272 2,093

 Direct and Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 347 - - - - 177 641 860 1,030 1,485*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 384 - - 10 105 286 543 868 1,087 1,704

 11-19 825 16,495,997 592 - - 18 161 407 846 1,313 1,745 2,592*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 1,039 - - 53 370 870 1,461 2,126 2,652 4,197

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 879 - - 28 245 674 1,258 1,932 2,419 3,803

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 723 1,902,086 36 - - - - - 12 111 216 454*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 265 - - - - 174 355 704 924 1,412

 11-19 816 17,057,939 544 - - - 68 348 702 1,277 1,636 3,633*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 600 - - - - 352 865 1,450 1,891 3,773

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 530 - - - - 294 709 1,301 1,866 3,426

 Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 272 - - - - 56 510 847 976 1,363*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 140 - - - 10 84 204 357 503 776

 11-19 816 17,057,939 228 - - - 11 128 304 566 819 1,368*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 562 - - - 122 412 785 1,210 1,597 3,094

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 445 - - - 54 267 631 1,064 1,412 2,732

 Direct and Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 308 - - - - 86 565 876 1,028 1,425*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 405 - - 4 111 313 591 910 1,134 1,685

 11-19 816 17,057,939 772 - - 54 233 551 1,016 1,658 2,015 3,947*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 1,162 - - 89 465 982 1,584 2,337 2,935 4,910

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 975 - - 38 288 743 1,363 2,113 2,660 4,476

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-4

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-2

 Table A1. Community Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,486 3,822,361 39 - - - - - 15 115 233 469*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 258 - - - - 153 351 668 918 1,415

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 477 - - - 42 282 639 1,162 1,536 3,062*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 573 - - - - 351 823 1,417 1,879 3,402

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 505 - - - - 290 707 1,268 1,768 3,242

 Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 288 - - - - 78 550 823 963 1,369*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 137 - - - 11 81 201 354 472 752

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 206 - - - 9 111 287 513 770 1,307*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 524 - - - 120 384 739 1,145 1,491 2,688

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 421 - - - 56 263 605 1,009 1,332 2,373

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 327 - - - - 118 610 872 1,031 1,442*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 395 - - 8 108 297 563 892 1,116 1,688

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 684 - - 26 191 473 938 1,534 1,947 3,671*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 1,098 - - 66 418 920 1,522 2,224 2,801 4,488

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 926 - - 30 263 710 1,311 2,014 2,544 4,242

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-5

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-3

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 397 969,255 24 - - - - - - 58 114* 467*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 62 - - - - - 55 230 290* 462*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 98 - - - - - 116 320 453 817*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 185 - - - - 111 259 468 642 1,061*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 254 - - - - 148 348 669 879 1,336*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 181 - - - - 72 264 473 697 1,126

 7-10 526 7,360,077 301 - - - 53 176 403 707 1,044 1,587*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 362 - - - 44 231 500 820 1,203 1,890*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 450 - - - - 223 655 1,164 1,476 2,736*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 549 - - - - 349 817 1,395 1,865 3,062

 20-24 348 9,493,971 575 - - - - 266 697 1,400 1,972 4,542*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 528 - - - - 289 744 1,393 1,874 3,098

 55-64 767 11,601,536 571 - - - - 375 850 1,410 1,748 2,741*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 589 - - - 86 464 907 1,347 1,737 2,564*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 481 - - - - 262 701 1,216 1,654 2,836

 Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 277 - - - - 15 554 805 957* 1,154*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 332 - - - 10 161 610 798 954* 1,397*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 217 - - - - 86 342 669 814 1,123*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 131 - - - 20 81 194 323 423 706*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 140 - - - 16 89 211 351 445 695*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 162 - - - 14 87 225 434 613 961

 7-10 526 7,360,077 129 - - - 5 71 194 372 446 697*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 163 - - - 2 91 249 415 560 823*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 203 - - - 13 105 270 514 766 1,393*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 489 - - - 119 365 700 1,080 1,394 2,367

 20-24 348 9,493,971 336 - - - 66 237 438 796 1,127 1,794*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 495 - - - 118 361 699 1,125 1,424 2,448

 55-64 767 11,601,536 546 - - - 170 459 763 1,186 1,539 2,363*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 518 - - - 206 457 747 1,005 1,280 1,954*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 397 - - - 57 258 585 949 1,272 2,093

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-6

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-4

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 301 - - - - 52 592 851 1,004* 1,312*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 394 - - - 27 296 669 889 1,050* 1,635*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 314 - - - 23 195 505 797 984 1,374*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 316 - - 1 82 242 443 705 936 1,377*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 394 - - 5 107 303 554 877 1,146 1,718*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 343 - - - 67 255 521 800 982 1,500

 7-10 526 7,360,077 430 - - 31 122 330 624 976 1,143 1,797*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 525 - - 10 177 390 754 1,193 1,546 2,104*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 653 - - 20 148 441 946 1,478 1,864 2,897*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 1,039 - - 53 370 870 1,461 2,126 2,652 4,197

 20-24 348 9,493,971 911 - - 65 297 638 1,086 1,907 2,839 5,216*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 1,023 - - 54 355 830 1,442 2,139 2,761 4,025

 55-64 767 11,601,536 1,117 - - 27 407 1,020 1,582 2,189 2,570 3,736*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 1,108 - - 32 566 1,036 1,538 2,052 2,429 3,675*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 879 - - 28 245 674 1,258 1,932 2,419 3,803

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-7

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-5

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 375 988,135 18 - - - - - - 56 112* 358*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 55 - - - - - 55 192 277* 601*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 89 - - - - - 114 288 417 789*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 177 - - - - 80 275 470 637 1,044*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 274 - - - - 172 389 704 930 1,455*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 187 - - - - 59 287 513 706 1,246

 7-10 574 8,042,450 327 - - - 42 229 498 814 955 1,478*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 468 - - - 56 292 591 1,170 1,583 3,050*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 607 - - - 87 412 805 1,288 1,685 4,218*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 600 - - - - 352 865 1,450 1,891 3,773

 20-24 338 9,229,169 685 - - - - 335 855 1,794 2,975 4,845*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 595 - - - - 349 828 1,452 1,942 3,774

 55-64 777 9,588,910 549 - - - - 353 818 1,336 1,779 2,653*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 597 - - - - 460 927 1,484 1,844 2,391*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 530 - - - - 294 709 1,301 1,866 3,426

 Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 273 - - - - - 539 849 964* 1,352*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 270 - - - - 82 476 804 983* 1,375*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 193 - - - - 66 253 631 840 1,182*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 128 - - - 15 79 182 314 446 733*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 145 - - - 16 86 208 371 508 816*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 156 - - - 10 82 206 421 585 974

 7-10 574 8,042,450 147 - - - 4 85 220 364 524 777*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 197 - - - 9 118 260 464 785 1,185*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 254 - - - 12 138 344 631 869 1,592*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 562 - - - 122 412 785 1,210 1,597 3,094

 20-24 338 9,229,169 354 - - - 38 232 535 851 1,150 1,652*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 587 - - - 121 411 801 1,291 1,727 3,627

 55-64 777 9,588,910 623 - - - 224 525 836 1,246 1,637 2,869*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 556 - - - 193 490 801 1,155 1,418 2,109*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 445 - - - 54 267 631 1,064 1,412 2,732

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-8

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-6

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 291 - - - - 30 564 875 1,009* 1,381*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 325 - - - - 135 563 876 1,066* 1,442*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 282 - - - 1 143 460 783 953 1,348*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 306 - - - 66 222 469 684 881 1,363*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 419 - - 18 122 331 595 955 1,154 1,693*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 342 - - - 60 241 523 804 1,030 1,512

 7-10 574 8,042,450 474 - - 14 149 369 725 984 1,244 1,801*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 665 - - 51 196 484 871 1,541 1,940 3,426*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 861 - - 55 252 626 1,087 1,781 2,194 4,326*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 1,162 - - 89 465 982 1,584 2,337 2,935 4,910

 20-24 338 9,229,169 1,039 - - 62 278 740 1,312 2,297 3,365 5,311*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 1,182 - - 118 473 984 1,598 2,366 3,027 4,938

 55-64 777 9,588,910 1,172 - - 38 496 1,026 1,604 2,306 2,808 4,251*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 1,153 - - - 507 1,110 1,669 2,225 2,624 3,388*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 975 - - 38 288 743 1,363 2,113 2,660 4,476

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-9

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-7

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 772 1,957,390 21 - - - - - - 58 113 378*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 58 - - - - - 56 206 285 547*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 93 - - - - - 115 295 446 813

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 181 - - - - 86 262 469 640 1,052

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 264 - - - - 166 377 703 918 1,411

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 184 - - - - 68 285 494 702 1,179

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 315 - - - 52 223 447 762 1,019 1,526*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 414 - - - 56 252 567 1,015 1,531 2,201*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 532 - - - 12 295 707 1,250 1,574 3,754*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 573 - - - - 351 823 1,417 1,879 3,402

 20-24 686 18,723,140 629 - - - - 289 776 1,450 2,618 4,881*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 561 - - - - 342 816 1,414 1,885 3,388

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 561 - - - - 365 826 1,402 1,760 2,744

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 593 - - - 26 463 919 1,409 1,805 2,477

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 505 - - - - 290 707 1,268 1,768 3,242

 Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 275 - - - - 4 548 838 959 1,298*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 302 - - - - 110 550 800 976 1,387*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 205 - - - - 77 294 653 832 1,173

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 129 - - - 17 80 186 319 434 726

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 142 - - - 16 87 208 360 463 748

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 159 - - - 12 85 216 428 604 967

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 138 - - - 5 77 209 370 494 758*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 180 - - - 6 105 255 449 624 1,149*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 229 - - - 12 116 310 590 853 1,492*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 524 - - - 120 384 739 1,145 1,491 2,688

 20-24 686 18,723,140 345 - - - 59 237 501 823 1,141 1,780*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 541 - - - 118 382 750 1,190 1,567 2,957

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 581 - - - 183 487 801 1,197 1,548 2,544

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 534 - - - 195 472 770 1,076 1,317 2,061

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 421 - - - 56 263 605 1,009 1,332 2,373

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-10

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-8

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 296 - - - - 42 585 859 1,012 1,385*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 360 - - - 17 218 628 885 1,055 1,511*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 298 - - - 14 171 481 789 972 1,373

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 311 - - - 73 236 458 694 924 1,379

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 406 - - 10 117 316 574 917 1,150 1,710

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 342 - - - 65 250 523 802 1,008 1,511

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 453 - - 20 137 355 669 981 1,202 1,824*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 594 - - 29 182 436 804 1,365 1,717 2,543*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 761 - - 25 204 540 1,030 1,610 2,063 3,828*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 1,098 - - 66 418 920 1,522 2,224 2,801 4,488

 20-24 686 18,723,140 974 - - 65 296 676 1,185 2,036 3,041 5,320*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 1,102 - - 82 414 892 1,516 2,271 2,863 4,672

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 1,142 - - 32 469 1,023 1,597 2,247 2,679 4,183

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 1,127 - - 16 545 1,067 1,601 2,139 2,551 3,661

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 926 - - 30 263 710 1,311 2,014 2,544 4,242

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-11

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-9

 Table A3. Community Water: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 70 1,750,330 505* - - - - 147* 903* 1,405* 1,720* 2,207*

 Indirect 70 1,750,330 314* - - - 27* 193* 372* 785* 1,203* 1,451*

 Direct and Indirect 70 1,750,330 819* - - 13* 70* 522* 1,330* 1,815* 2,503* 3,433*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 41 1,171,868 907* - - - - 336* 1,680* 2,230* 2,793* 3,575*

 Indirect 41 1,171,868 472* - - - 12* 300* 568* 1,045* 1,669* 2,593*

 Direct and Indirect 41 1,171,868 1,379* - - - 116* 1,226* 2,263* 2,872* 3,434* 4,024*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,221 56,050,136 511 - - - - 262 703 1,264 1,834 3,624

 Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 406 - - - 69 266 574 973 1,303 2,315

 Direct and Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 916 - - 47 295 699 1,264 1,953 2,575 4,358

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,332 58,970,270 518 - - - - 261 705 1,362 1,870 3,612

 Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 404 - - - 66 266 574 973 1,306 2,332

 Direct and Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 922 - - 43 282 697 1,272 2,008 2,605 4,330

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 14:42 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-12

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-10

 Table B1. Bottled Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 763 1,920,275 22 - - - - - - 61 143 315*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 74 - - - - - - 263 470 965

 11-19 825 16,495,997 103 - - - - - - 345 648 1,468*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 165 - - - - - - 660 993 1,881

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 142 - - - - - - 523 934 1,866

 Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 80 - - - - - - 360 620 1,167*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 13 - - - - - - - 78 379

 11-19 825 16,495,997 10 - - - - - - - - 290*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 34 - - - - - - - 237 803

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 28 - - - - - - - 176 726

 Direct and Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 102 - - - - - - 429 722 1,286*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 86 - - - - - - 325 529 1,102

 11-19 825 16,495,997 114 - - - - - - 414 702 1,550*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 198 - - - - - - 799 1,205 2,103

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 170 - - - - - - 666 1,065 1,957

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 723 1,902,086 25 - - - - - - 79 153 352*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 65 - - - - - - 234 460 825

 11-19 816 17,057,939 106 - - - - - - 331 786 1,562*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 147 - - - - - - 527 942 1,891

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 127 - - - - - - 467 851 1,792

 Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 107 - - - - - - 519 740 1,113*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 10 - - - - - - - 43 255

 11-19 816 17,057,939 14 - - - - - - - 55 407*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 34 - - - - - - - 162 854

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 29 - - - - - - - 118 772

 Direct and Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 131 - - - - - 53 600 790 1,311*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 75 - - - - - - 288 499 928

 11-19 816 17,057,939 120 - - - - - - 421 873 1,724*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 182 - - - - - - 673 1,178 2,365

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 156 - - - - - - 533 1,029 2,111

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-13

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-11

 Table B1. Bottled Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,486 3,822,361 23 - - - - - - 73 147 343*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 69 - - - - - - 237 464 911

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 105 - - - - - - 345 682 1,519*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 156 - - - - - - 589 970 1,890

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 134 - - - - - - 471 887 1,862

 Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 93 - - - - - - 460 716 1,166*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 11 - - - - - - - 60 323

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 12 - - - - - - - 11 379*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 34 - - - - - - - 230 825

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 29 - - - - - - - 142 739

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 117 - - - - - 22 520 773 1,310*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 81 - - - - - - 297 519 1,045

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 117 - - - - - - 414 771 1,657*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 190 - - - - - - 754 1,183 2,155

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 163 - - - - - - 592 1,059 2,007

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-14

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-12

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 397 969,255 15 - - - - - - 34 85* 277*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 30 - - - - - - 89 171* 372*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 32 - - - - - - 105 223 436*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 57 - - - - - - 223 349 744*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 83 - - - - - - 323 505 1,029*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 58 - - - - - - 208 352 804

 7-10 526 7,360,077 80 - - - - - - 278 537 947*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 78 - - - - - - 284 471 858*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 126 - - - - - - 453 804 1,562*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 165 - - - - - - 660 993 1,881

 20-24 348 9,493,971 199 - - - - - 114 688 1,229 2,227*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 178 - - - - - 69 693 972 1,888

 55-64 767 11,601,536 138 - - - - - - 568 919 1,742*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 121 - - - - - - 506 934 1,475*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 142 - - - - - - 523 934 1,866

 Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 80 - - - - - - 384 693* 1,069*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 81 - - - - - - 352 594* 1,242*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 48 - - - - - - 31 399 962*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 14 - - - - - - - 71 382*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 7 - - - - - - - 22 170*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 23 - - - - - - - 108 625

 7-10 526 7,360,077 16 - - - - - - - 108 423*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 12 - - - - - - - 46 346*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 8 - - - - - - - - 178*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 34 - - - - - - - 237 803

 20-24 348 9,493,971 18 - - - - - - - 116 294*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 36 - - - - - - - 237 910

 55-64 767 11,601,536 45 - - - - - - - 420 918*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 28 - - - - - - - 186 658*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 28 - - - - - - - 176 726

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-15

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-13

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 94 - - - - - - 426 758* 1,069*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 110 - - - - - 15 464 711* 1,379*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 80 - - - - - - 271 538 1,064*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 71 - - - - - - 263 443 976*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 90 - - - - - - 355 523 1,106*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 81 - - - - - - 294 503 1,068

 7-10 526 7,360,077 96 - - - - - - 353 588 1,255*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 90 - - - - - - 334 596 1,054*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 135 - - - - - - 470 810 1,645*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 198 - - - - - - 799 1,205 2,103

 20-24 348 9,493,971 217 - - - - - 180 803 1,234 2,227*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 214 - - - - - 116 858 1,203 1,981

 55-64 767 11,601,536 182 - - - - - - 754 1,312 2,314*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 149 - - - - - - 653 1,078 1,939*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 170 - - - - - - 666 1,065 1,957

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-16

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-14

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 375 988,135 17 - - - - - - 60 96* 212*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 33 - - - - - - 111 187* 390*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 35 - - - - - - 110 226 417*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 60 - - - - - - 228 353 706*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 79 - - - - - - 293 539 912*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 60 - - - - - - 231 400 760

 7-10 574 8,042,450 58 - - - - - - 198 430 816*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 94 - - - - - - 279 584 1,409*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 116 - - - - - - 413 824 1,668*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 147 - - - - - - 527 942 1,891

 20-24 338 9,229,169 192 - - - - - - 666 1,183 2,361*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 162 - - - - - - 589 1,015 1,890

 55-64 777 9,588,910 106 - - - - - - 339 788 1,466*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 83 - - - - - - 229 664 1,369*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 127 - - - - - - 467 851 1,792

 Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 115 - - - - - - 583 741* 1,450*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 97 - - - - - - 483 732* 916*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 58 - - - - - - 127 521 895*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 14 - - - - - - - 78 357*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 9 - - - - - - - 27 232*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 26 - - - - - - - 136 731

 7-10 574 8,042,450 8 - - - - - - - - 200*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 16 - - - - - - - 50 487*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 12 - - - - - - - 34 293*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 34 - - - - - - - 162 854

 20-24 338 9,229,169 18 - - - - - - - - 343*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 37 - - - - - - - 199 865

 55-64 777 9,588,910 31 - - - - - - - 108 823*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 36 - - - - - - - 248 856*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 29 - - - - - - - 118 772

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-17

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-15

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 132 - - - - - 30 608 773* 1,450*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 130 - - - - - 86 526 799* 1,084*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 93 - - - - - 23 354 659 1,066*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 74 - - - - - - 280 469 887*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 88 - - - - - - 355 591 1,020*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 86 - - - - - - 335 591 1,005

 7-10 574 8,042,450 66 - - - - - - 235 450 884*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 111 - - - - - - 359 823 1,430*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 128 - - - - - - 441 897 1,745*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 182 - - - - - - 673 1,178 2,365

 20-24 338 9,229,169 210 - - - - - - 703 1,421 2,835*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 199 - - - - - - 719 1,213 2,533

 55-64 777 9,588,910 137 - - - - - - 439 1,035 1,968*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 119 - - - - - - 430 947 1,920*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 156 - - - - - - 533 1,029 2,111

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-18

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-16

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 772 1,957,390 16 - - - - - - 50 91 266*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 31 - - - - - - 104 174 388*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 33 - - - - - - 108 225 436

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 58 - - - - - - 226 352 709

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 81 - - - - - - 315 521 1,003

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 59 - - - - - - 230 377 788

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 69 - - - - - - 230 484 902*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 86 - - - - - - 289 529 1,333*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 121 - - - - - - 441 819 1,584*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 156 - - - - - - 589 970 1,890

 20-24 686 18,723,140 196 - - - - - 66 679 1,277 2,586*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 170 - - - - - - 630 1,001 1,891

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 124 - - - - - - 446 877 1,673

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 105 - - - - - - 350 814 1,418

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 134 - - - - - - 471 887 1,862

 Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 98 - - - - - - 476 739 1,258*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 89 - - - - - - 416 648 1,053*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 53 - - - - - - 76 468 930

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 14 - - - - - - - 78 374

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 8 - - - - - - - 27 216

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 24 - - - - - - - 115 707

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 12 - - - - - - - 68 375*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 14 - - - - - - - 57 481*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 10 - - - - - - - - 258*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 34 - - - - - - - 230 825

 20-24 686 18,723,140 18 - - - - - - - 107 346*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 36 - - - - - - - 235 882

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 38 - - - - - - - 314 885

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 31 - - - - - - - 237 727

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 29 - - - - - - - 142 739

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-19

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-17

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 113 - - - - - - 536 773 1,384*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 120 - - - - - 53 506 761 1,284*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 86 - - - - - - 308 608 1,064

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 73 - - - - - - 273 470 945

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 89 - - - - - - 355 562 1,077

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 83 - - - - - - 320 539 1,060

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 80 - - - - - - 296 523 1,062*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 100 - - - - - - 344 681 1,417*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 131 - - - - - - 468 869 1,776*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 190 - - - - - - 754 1,183 2,155

 20-24 686 18,723,140 214 - - - - - 111 727 1,299 2,816*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 206 - - - - - 24 801 1,210 2,129

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 162 - - - - - - 588 1,183 2,277

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 136 - - - - - - 591 1,038 1,957

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 163 - - - - - - 592 1,059 2,007

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-20

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-18

 Table B3. Bottled Water: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 70 1,750,330 299* - - - - - 299* 1,281* 1,484* 1,800*

 Indirect 70 1,750,330 55* - - - - - - 105* 438* 772*

 Direct and Indirect 70 1,750,330 354* - - - - - 388* 1,279* 1,828* 1,976*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 41 1,171,868 85* - - - - - - 164* 529* 1,151*

 Indirect 41 1,171,868 93* - - - - - - 265* 802* 918*

 Direct and Indirect 41 1,171,868 178* - - - - - - 780* 1,031* 1,235*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,221 56,050,136 181 - - - - - 99 688 996 1,918

 Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 27 - - - - - - - 159 715

 Direct and Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 208 - - - - - 117 813 1,183 2,094

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,332 58,970,270 182 - - - - - 103 691 1,045 1,891

 Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 29 - - - - - - - 178 758

 Direct and Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 211 - - - - - 117 828 1,183 2,059

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 14:42 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-21

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-19

 Table C1. Other Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 763 1,920,275 6 - - - - - - - - 160*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 32 - - - - - - - 227 763

 11-19 825 16,495,997 73 - - - - - - 206 491 1,180*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 64 - - - - - - 58 484 1,310

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 60 - - - - - - 72 466 1,206

 Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 26 - - - - - - - 28 799*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 15 - - - - - - - 93 383

 11-19 825 16,495,997 24 - - - - - - 39 172 477*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 65 - - - - - - 89 503 1,232

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 52 - - - - - - 36 355 1,076

 Direct and Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 31 - - - - - - - 189 763*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 47 - - - - - - 94 384 907

 11-19 825 16,495,997 98 - - - - - - 305 672 1,842*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 130 - - - - - - 389 1,111 2,073

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 112 - - - - - - 278 931 1,893

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 723 1,902,086 8 - - - - - - - 29 142*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 35 - - - - - - 27 267 749

 11-19 816 17,057,939 51 - - - - - - - 334 1,135*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 90 - - - - - - 200 641 1,664

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 75 - - - - - - 114 509 1,420

 Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 43 - - - - - - - 401 953*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 17 - - - - - - - 100 398

 11-19 816 17,057,939 31 - - - - - - - 224 713*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 89 - - - - - - 178 706 1,589

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 69 - - - - - - 83 506 1,394

 Direct and Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 52 - - - - - - 51 402 987*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 52 - - - - - - 119 414 1,007

 11-19 816 17,057,939 82 - - - - - - 196 628 1,428*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 180 - - - - - - 651 1,413 2,800

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 144 - - - - - - 401 1,120 2,387

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-22

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-20

 Table C1. Other Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,486 3,822,361 7 - - - - - - - - 153*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 33 - - - - - - - 235 757

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 62 - - - - - - 135 430 1,171*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 77 - - - - - - 118 585 1,418

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 67 - - - - - - 101 471 1,407

 Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 34 - - - - - - - 313 858*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 16 - - - - - - - 96 393

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 28 - - - - - - 30 203 667*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 77 - - - - - - 122 594 1,421

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 61 - - - - - - 59 422 1,241

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 42 - - - - - - - 386 955*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 49 - - - - - - 111 403 930

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 90 - - - - - - 282 663 1,699*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 154 - - - - - - 532 1,243 2,373

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 128 - - - - - - 345 1,008 2,151

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-23

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-21

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 397 969,255 2 - - - - - - - - 84*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 9 - - - - - - - - 230*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 9 - - - - - - - - 233*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 21 - - - - - - - 116 472*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 29 - - - - - - - 198 664*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 22 - - - - - - - 116 493

 7-10 526 7,360,077 43 - - - - - - 94 287 858*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 71 - - - - - - 210 514 1,116*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 75 - - - - - - 198 456 1,531*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 64 - - - - - - 58 484 1,310

 20-24 348 9,493,971 29 - - - - - - - 141 787*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 62 - - - - - - 36 467 1,338

 55-64 767 11,601,536 95 - - - - - - 344 689 1,546*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 70 - - - - - - 95 674 1,180*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 60 - - - - - - 72 466 1,206

 Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 29 - - - - - - - 30* 801*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 22 - - - - - - - 27* 644*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 17 - - - - - - - 22 613*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 12 - - - - - - - 65 302*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 13 - - - - - - - 83 266*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 14 - - - - - - - 64 398

 7-10 526 7,360,077 20 - - - - - - 15 124 401*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 32 - - - - - - 81 199 753*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 17 - - - - - - 34 138 327*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 65 - - - - - - 89 503 1,232

 20-24 348 9,493,971 22 - - - - - - - 41 809*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 69 - - - - - - 89 473 1,391

 55-64 767 11,601,536 85 - - - - - - 355 634 1,134*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 62 - - - - - - 60 592 1,023*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 52 - - - - - - 36 355 1,076

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-24

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-22

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 31 - - - - - - - 130* 785*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 32 - - - - - - - 225* 680*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 26 - - - - - - - 117 739*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 33 - - - - - - - 232 749*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 41 - - - - - - 59 323 772*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 35 - - - - - - - 263 776

 7-10 526 7,360,077 63 - - - - - - 208 567 928*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 103 - - - - - - 352 741 1,688*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 92 - - - - - - 269 608 1,821*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 130 - - - - - - 389 1,111 2,073

 20-24 348 9,493,971 51 - - - - - - - 417 1,045*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 132 - - - - - - 351 1,102 2,278

 55-64 767 11,601,536 180 - - - - - - 829 1,358 1,983*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 132 - - - - - - 473 1,209 1,973*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 112 - - - - - - 278 931 1,893

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-25

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-23

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 375 988,135 8 - - - - - - - - 110*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 9 - - - - - - - 54* 207*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 12 - - - - - - - 57 332*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 25 - - - - - - - 177 583*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 32 - - - - - - - 236 619*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 24 - - - - - - - 145 585

 7-10 574 8,042,450 45 - - - - - - 76 386 810*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 68 - - - - - - 93 529 1,180*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 38 - - - - - - - 210 937*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 90 - - - - - - 200 641 1,664

 20-24 338 9,229,169 55 - - - - - - - 280 1,398*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 83 - - - - - - 141 527 1,607

 55-64 777 9,588,910 112 - - - - - - 345 743 1,904*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 131 - - - - - - 520 944 1,872*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 75 - - - - - - 114 509 1,420

 Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 37 - - - - - - - 358* 866*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 50 - - - - - - 60 459* 958*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 24 - - - - - - - 98 704*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 12 - - - - - - - 77 274*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 14 - - - - - - - 75 405*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 18 - - - - - - - 90 456

 7-10 574 8,042,450 22 - - - - - - 20 127 443*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 38 - - - - - - 69 235 982*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 25 - - - - - - - 192 584*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 89 - - - - - - 178 706 1,589

 20-24 338 9,229,169 18 - - - - - - - 117 504*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 92 - - - - - - 177 719 1,723

 55-64 777 9,588,910 137 - - - - - - 473 995 2,160*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 93 - - - - - - 312 724 1,302*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 69 - - - - - - 83 506 1,394

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-26

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-24

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 45 - - - - - - - 397* 866*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 59 - - - - - - 137 534* 1,006*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 37 - - - - - - 11 304 766*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 36 - - - - - - 32 295 710*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 46 - - - - - - 59 337 914*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 42 - - - - - - 42 333 796

 7-10 574 8,042,450 68 - - - - - - 178 474 1,070*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 106 - - - - - - 317 821 1,800*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 62 - - - - - - 172 448 1,069*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 180 - - - - - - 651 1,413 2,800

 20-24 338 9,229,169 73 - - - - - - 83 464 1,520*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 175 - - - - - - 619 1,343 2,808

 55-64 777 9,588,910 248 - - - - - - 989 1,604 3,599*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 224 - - - - - - 1,050 1,665 2,741*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 144 - - - - - - 401 1,120 2,387

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-27

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-25

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 772 1,957,390 5 - - - - - - - - 108*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 9 - - - - - - - 52 221*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 11 - - - - - - - 29 324

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 23 - - - - - - - 141 552

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 30 - - - - - - - 228 658

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 23 - - - - - - - 138 581

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 44 - - - - - - 85 337 821*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 70 - - - - - - 167 521 1,157*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 56 - - - - - - 107 353 1,210*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 77 - - - - - - 118 585 1,418

 20-24 686 18,723,140 42 - - - - - - - 235 1,071*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 73 - - - - - - 112 505 1,415

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 103 - - - - - - 344 701 1,617

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 96 - - - - - - 311 799 1,552

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 67 - - - - - - 101 471 1,407

 Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 33 - - - - - - - 314 804*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 36 - - - - - - - 292 874*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 21 - - - - - - - 59 658

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 12 - - - - - - - 72 280

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 13 - - - - - - - 80 324

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 16 - - - - - - - 81 429

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 21 - - - - - - 19 127 435*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 35 - - - - - - 77 231 756*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 21 - - - - - - 3 148 413*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 77 - - - - - - 122 594 1,421

 20-24 686 18,723,140 20 - - - - - - - 103 605*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 81 - - - - - - 118 595 1,516

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 108 - - - - - - 411 799 1,538

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 75 - - - - - - 208 667 1,213

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 61 - - - - - - 59 422 1,241

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-28

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-26

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 38 - - - - - - - 335 833*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 45 - - - - - - 31 406 963*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 31 - - - - - - - 186 752

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 35 - - - - - - 13 256 713

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 44 - - - - - - 59 329 818

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 39 - - - - - - 13 315 783

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 66 - - - - - - 202 513 1,048*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 105 - - - - - - 337 796 1,807*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 77 - - - - - - 231 550 1,404*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 154 - - - - - - 532 1,243 2,373

 20-24 686 18,723,140 62 - - - - - - - 459 1,304*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 153 - - - - - - 503 1,215 2,428

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 211 - - - - - - 885 1,466 2,786

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 171 - - - - - - 697 1,416 2,269

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 128 - - - - - - 345 1,008 2,151

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-29

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-27

 Table C3. Other Sources: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 70 1,750,330 62* - - - - - - - 141* 1,289*

 Indirect 70 1,750,330 41* - - - - - - - 225* 858*

 Direct and Indirect 70 1,750,330 103* - - - - - - - 613* 1,667*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 41 1,171,868 106* - - - - - - 237* 609* 1,511*

 Indirect 41 1,171,868 88* - - - - - - 213* 699* 1,060*

 Direct and Indirect 41 1,171,868 194* - - - - - - 446* 1,624* 2,336*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,221 56,050,136 52 - - - - - - - 354 1,119

 Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 50 - - - - - - - 267 1,138

 Direct and Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 102 - - - - - - 167 751 1,957

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,332 58,970,270 53 - - - - - - - 354 1,170

 Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 50 - - - - - - - 269 1,134

 Direct and Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 104 - - - - - - 171 778 1,969

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 14:42 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-30

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-28

 Table D1. Missing Source: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 763 1,920,275 1 - - - - - - - - 18*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 7 - - - - - - - - 211

 11-19 825 16,495,997 18 - - - - - - - - 354*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 13 - - - - - - - - 368

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 12 - - - - - - - - 349

 Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 1 - - - - - - - - -

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 - - - - - - - - - -

 11-19 825 16,495,997 1 - - - - - - - - -

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 4 - - - - - - - - -

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 3 - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 1 - - - - - - - - 20*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 7 - - - - - - - - 233

 11-19 825 16,495,997 18 - - - - - - - - 380*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 17 - - - - - - - - 502

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 15 - - - - - - - - 461

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 723 1,902,086 1 - - - - - - - - 16*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 5 - - - - - - - - 144

 11-19 816 17,057,939 13 - - - - - - - - 353*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 14 - - - - - - - - 468

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 12 - - - - - - - - 348

 Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 3 - - - - - - - - -

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 1 - - - - - - - - -

 11-19 816 17,057,939 3 - - - - - - - - 6*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 6 - - - - - - - - 12

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 5 - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 4 - - - - - - - - 32*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 6 - - - - - - - - 192

 11-19 816 17,057,939 16 - - - - - - - - 456*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 19 - - - - - - - - 571

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 17 - - - - - - - - 472

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-31

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-29

 Table D1. Missing Source: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,486 3,822,361 1 - - - - - - - - 17*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 6 - - - - - - - - 173

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 15 - - - - - - - - 353*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 13 - - - - - - - - 442

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 12 - - - - - - - - 350

 Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 2 - - - - - - - - -

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 1 - - - - - - - - -

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 2 - - - - - - - - -

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 5 - - - - - - - - -

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 4 - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 3 - - - - - - - - 22*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 7 - - - - - - - - 222

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 17 - - - - - - - - 453*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 18 - - - - - - - - 556

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 16 - - - - - - - - 469

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-32

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-30

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 397 969,255 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 1 - - - - - - - - 32*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 1 - - - - - - - - 45*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 3 - - - - - - - - 88*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 6 - - - - - - - - 200*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 5 - - - - - - - - 130

 7-10 526 7,360,077 10 - - - - - - - - 340*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 11 - - - - - - - - 301*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 24 - - - - - - - - 640*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 13 - - - - - - - - 368

 20-24 348 9,493,971 15 - - - - - - - - 361*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 15 - - - - - - - - 430

 55-64 767 11,601,536 12 - - - - - - - - 363*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 6 - - - - - - - - 140*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 12 - - - - - - - - 349

 Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 1 - - - - - - - - -

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 - - - - - - - - - -

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 1 - - - - - - - - -

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 1 - - - - - - - - -

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 1 - - - - - - - - -

 7-10 526 7,360,077 - - - - - - - - - -

 11-14 411 7,842,774 1 - - - - - - - - 8*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 1 - - - - - - - - -

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 4 - - - - - - - - -

 20-24 348 9,493,971 1 - - - - - - - - -

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 3 - - - - - - - - -

 55-64 767 11,601,536 5 - - - - - - - - -

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 7 - - - - - - - - 119*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 3 - - - - - - - - -

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-33

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-31

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 3 - - - - - - - - 103*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 2 - - - - - - - - 70*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 4 - - - - - - - - 113*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 7 - - - - - - - - 210*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 5 - - - - - - - - 165

 7-10 526 7,360,077 10 - - - - - - - - 340*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 12 - - - - - - - - 318*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 25 - - - - - - - - 640*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 17 - - - - - - - - 502

 20-24 348 9,493,971 16 - - - - - - - - 361*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 18 - - - - - - - - 555

 55-64 767 11,601,536 17 - - - - - - - - 628*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 13 - - - - - - - - 311*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 15 - - - - - - - - 461

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-34

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-32

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 375 988,135 - - - - - - - - - 14*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 1 - - - - - - - - 18*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 3 - - - - - - - - 77*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 4 - - - - - - - - 135*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 6 - - - - - - - - 179*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 4 - - - - - - - - 142

 7-10 574 8,042,450 5 - - - - - - - - 116*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 10 - - - - - - - - 321*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 16 - - - - - - - - 467*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 14 - - - - - - - - 468

 20-24 338 9,229,169 20 - - - - - - - - 638*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 14 - - - - - - - - 410

 55-64 777 9,588,910 8 - - - - - - - - 240*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 12 - - - - - - - - 269*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 12 - - - - - - - - 348

 Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 1 - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 5 - - - - - - - - 7*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 4 - - - - - - - - 3*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 3 - - - - - - - - 3*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 - - - - - - - - - -

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 2 - - - - - - - - -

 7-10 574 8,042,450 1 - - - - - - - - -

 11-14 405 7,722,366 2 - - - - - - - - -

 15-19 411 9,335,573 4 - - - - - - - - 111*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 6 - - - - - - - - 12

 20-24 338 9,229,169 5 - - - - - - - - -

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 6 - - - - - - - - 64

 55-64 777 9,588,910 3 - - - - - - - - -

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 9 - - - - - - - - 45*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 5 - - - - - - - - -

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-35

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-33

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 1 - - - - - - - - 17*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 6 - - - - - - - - 170*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 7 - - - - - - - - 148*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 7 - - - - - - - - 174*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 6 - - - - - - - - 183*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 6 - - - - - - - - 168

 7-10 574 8,042,450 6 - - - - - - - - 177*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 11 - - - - - - - - 349*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 20 - - - - - - - - 628*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 19 - - - - - - - - 571

 20-24 338 9,229,169 25 - - - - - - - - 856*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 19 - - - - - - - - 510

 55-64 777 9,588,910 11 - - - - - - - - 345*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 22 - - - - - - - - 572*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 17 - - - - - - - - 472

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-36

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-34

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 772 1,957,390 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 1 - - - - - - - - 23*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 2 - - - - - - - - 78

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 4 - - - - - - - - 116

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 6 - - - - - - - - 190

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 4 - - - - - - - - 138

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 7 - - - - - - - - 236*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 10 - - - - - - - - 318*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 20 - - - - - - - - 474*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 13 - - - - - - - - 442

 20-24 686 18,723,140 18 - - - - - - - - 579*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 14 - - - - - - - - 466

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 10 - - - - - - - - 267

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 9 - - - - - - - - 171

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 12 - - - - - - - - 350

 Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 1 - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 3 - - - - - - - - -

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 2 - - - - - - - - -

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 2 - - - - - - - - -

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 - - - - - - - - - -

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 1 - - - - - - - - -

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 1 - - - - - - - - -

 11-14 816 15,565,140 1 - - - - - - - - -

 15-19 825 17,988,796 3 - - - - - - - - 6*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 5 - - - - - - - - -

 20-24 686 18,723,140 3 - - - - - - - - -

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 4 - - - - - - - - -

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 4 - - - - - - - - -

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 8 - - - - - - - - 118

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 4 - - - - - - - - -

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-37

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-35

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 1 - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 4 - - - - - - - - 113*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 4 - - - - - - - - 106

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 5 - - - - - - - - 135

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 6 - - - - - - - - 195

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 6 - - - - - - - - 167

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 8 - - - - - - - - 274*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 11 - - - - - - - - 350*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 22 - - - - - - - - 633*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 18 - - - - - - - - 556

 20-24 686 18,723,140 21 - - - - - - - - 682*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 19 - - - - - - - - 530

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 14 - - - - - - - - 438

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 17 - - - - - - - - 477

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 16 - - - - - - - - 469

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-38

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-36

 Table D3. Missing Source: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 70 1,750,330 42* - - - - - - - - 1,081*

 Indirect 70 1,750,330 - - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect 70 1,750,330 42* - - - - - - - - 1,081*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 41 1,171,868 51* - - - - - - - 326* 1,000*

 Indirect 41 1,171,868 3* - - - - - - - - 65*

 Direct and Indirect 41 1,171,868 55* - - - - - - - 326* 1,025*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,221 56,050,136 15 - - - - - - - - 346

 Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 2 - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 17 - - - - - - - - 397

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,332 58,970,270 17 - - - - - - - - 410

 Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 2 - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 18 - - - - - - - - 573

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 14:42 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-39

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-37

 Table E1. All Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 763 1,920,275 71 - - - - - 76 211 350 607*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 363 - - 12 113 262 469 792 1,039 1,631

 11-19 825 16,495,997 602 - - 45 207 447 814 1,328 1,747 3,091*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 791 - - 77 286 591 1,057 1,643 1,942 3,657

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 695 - - 26 227 495 939 1,493 1,881 3,296

 Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 411 - - - 22 403 673 889 1,030 1,383*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 162 - - 3 39 110 230 387 494 748

 11-19 825 16,495,997 219 - - - 36 130 305 544 757 1,162*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 592 - 14 78 237 487 803 1,204 1,519 2,450

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 481 - - 24 123 355 684 1,067 1,366 2,293

 Direct and Indirect < 1 763 1,920,275 482 - - - 90 469 749 964 1,167 1,684*

 1-10 4,008 19,501,138 524 7 82 136 251 440 701 994 1,246 2,018

 11-19 825 16,495,997 822 - 100 206 356 651 1,110 1,636 1,954 3,119*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 1,383 59 316 476 792 1,216 1,775 2,413 2,925 4,506

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 1,176 13 175 287 562 1,013 1,573 2,215 2,700 4,250

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 723 1,902,086 70 - - - - - 84 192 293 548*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 370 - - - 113 285 518 816 994 1,506

 11-19 816 17,057,939 714 - - 63 228 495 923 1,476 1,945 3,790*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 851 - - 42 285 642 1,113 1,864 2,349 4,154

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 744 - - - 226 524 964 1,643 2,116 3,799

 Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 425 - - - 18 401 714 944 1,082 1,437*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 169 - - - 32 110 233 399 539 893

 11-19 816 17,057,939 276 - - - 54 192 370 661 892 1,415*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 691 - 2 58 243 538 932 1,412 1,849 3,556

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 548 - - 15 127 373 759 1,213 1,598 3,071

 Direct and Indirect < 1 723 1,902,086 494 - - - 89 460 775 1,003 1,278 1,591*

 1-10 4,149 20,608,176 538 1 68 127 260 455 726 1,044 1,296 1,849

 11-19 816 17,057,939 990 - 138 236 443 754 1,302 1,896 2,421 4,007*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 1,542 48 296 510 833 1,327 1,968 2,738 3,517 5,522

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 1,292 6 148 282 585 1,065 1,710 2,478 3,138 5,186

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-40

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-38

 Table E1. All Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,486 3,822,361 70 - - - - - 80 207 341 583*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 366 - - - 113 281 473 814 1,022 1,554

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 659 - - 50 224 467 869 1,417 1,844 3,730*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 820 - - 54 285 617 1,062 1,760 2,124 3,835

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 719 - - 15 226 519 943 1,535 1,894 3,775

 Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 418 - - - 21 402 691 909 1,049 1,411*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 165 - - 1 35 110 232 391 514 802

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 248 - - - 43 152 338 594 819 1,347*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 640 - 9 67 241 510 857 1,302 1,657 2,927

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 514 - - 20 125 360 716 1,136 1,481 2,651

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,486 3,822,361 488 - - - 89 467 758 993 1,209 1,626*

 1-10 8,157 40,109,314 531 4 74 130 256 449 716 1,022 1,257 1,891

 11-19 1,641 33,553,936 907 - 118 219 395 715 1,189 1,780 2,188 3,805*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 1,460 55 302 492 817 1,271 1,863 2,549 3,194 5,155

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 1,233 9 162 285 573 1,038 1,633 2,341 2,908 4,805

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 12SEP01 14:03 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-41

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-39

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 397 969,255 40 - - - - - 36 112 173* 511*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 102 - - - - 33 118 278 409* 641*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 140 - - - - 56 196 369 514 825*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 266 - - - 71 197 350 579 767 1,254*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 372 - - - 115 291 491 788 1,044 1,558*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 265 - - - 48 177 353 589 816 1,328

 7-10 526 7,360,077 434 - - 74 169 327 574 925 1,139 1,858*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 522 - - 54 207 401 691 1,097 1,426 2,082*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 675 - - - 206 466 923 1,477 1,882 3,417*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 791 - - 77 286 591 1,057 1,643 1,942 3,657

 20-24 348 9,493,971 818 - - - 182 566 940 1,531 2,309 5,511*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 783 - - 41 236 584 1,045 1,760 2,104 3,544

 55-64 767 11,601,536 817 - - 110 343 646 1,158 1,638 1,874 2,791*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 787 - 3 173 353 694 1,057 1,442 1,830 2,699*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 695 - - 26 227 495 939 1,493 1,881 3,296

 Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 386 - - - - 369 695 888 1,014* 1,257*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 436 - - - 84 426 669 887 1,037* 1,416*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 282 - - - 33 147 447 763 906 1,365*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 158 - - 7 43 110 223 363 476 844*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 160 - - 4 43 114 228 367 455 701*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 199 - - 1 43 119 262 500 695 1,058

 7-10 526 7,360,077 165 - - - 32 105 238 412 505 721*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 208 - - - 32 129 306 521 713 867*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 229 - - - 37 130 302 563 889 1,393*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 592 - 14 78 237 487 803 1,204 1,519 2,450

 20-24 348 9,493,971 377 - - 12 111 272 505 862 1,130 1,794*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 603 - 13 65 225 479 817 1,287 1,573 2,579

 55-64 767 11,601,536 680 - 85 177 355 586 881 1,248 1,568 2,449*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 615 - 73 159 328 557 817 1,068 1,309 1,988*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 481 - - 24 123 355 684 1,067 1,366 2,293

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-42

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-40

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 397 969,255 427 - - - 4 425 740 946 1,073* 1,422*

 0.5-0.9 366 951,020 538 - - 49 191 508 768 1,009 1,316* 1,694*

 <2 1,285 3,944,710 422 - - 15 137 341 629 898 1,074 1,530*

 1-3 1,904 5,950,922 424 - 56 104 207 342 561 828 1,031 1,621*

 4-6 1,578 6,190,139 532 6* 80 134 272 450 702 995 1,276 2,069*

 <6 3,972 11,933,058 464 - 26 87 208 390 634 918 1,110 1,704

 7-10 526 7,360,077 599 8* 116 178 302 510 802 1,083 1,342 2,160*

 11-14 411 7,842,774 730 6* 116 205 357 591 961 1,415 1,797 2,513*

 15-19 414 8,653,223 904 - 75 198 355 737 1,222 1,803 2,128 3,697*

 20 + 4,572 96,012,199 1,383 59 316 476 792 1,216 1,775 2,413 2,925 4,506

 20-24 348 9,493,971 1,195 6* 163 286 551 966 1,401 2,019 3,140 5,839*

 25-54 2,408 56,955,268 1,386 40 288 450 748 1,219 1,779 2,477 3,023 4,663

 55-64 767 11,601,536 1,497 115* 473 673 957 1,365 1,920 2,475 2,851 3,824*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 1,402 316* 548 651 900 1,310 1,774 2,224 2,551 3,699*

 All ages 10,168 133,929,609 1,176 13 175 287 562 1,013 1,573 2,215 2,700 4,250

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-43

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-41

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 375 988,135 43 - - - - - 45 115 154* 395*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 98 - - - - 47 117 275 347* 724*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 139 - - - - 60 195 351 489 892*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 267 - - - 59 198 354 585 760 1,282*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 390 - - 16 137 315 530 810 1,042 1,479*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 274 - - - 49 193 383 616 821 1,412

 7-10 574 8,042,450 436 - - 51 168 343 589 922 1,053 1,609*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 640 - - 82 224 465 800 1,449 1,765 3,050*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 776 - - - 222 531 941 1,521 2,038 4,218*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 851 - - 42 285 642 1,113 1,864 2,349 4,154

 20-24 338 9,229,169 952 - - 11 219 578 1,218 2,086 3,330 5,129*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 854 - - 32 283 636 1,095 1,868 2,359 3,995

 55-64 777 9,588,910 774 - - - 232 589 1,053 1,567 1,919 2,961*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 823 - - 100 349 703 1,154 1,649 1,884 2,608*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 744 - - - 226 524 964 1,643 2,116 3,799

 Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 426 - - - - 403 739 906 1,115* 1,467*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 423 - - - 62 391 638 957 1,049* 1,383*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 279 - - - 24 134 460 781 933 1,356*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 157 - - 3 34 108 214 368 520 769*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 168 - - 3 33 112 233 403 529 914*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 201 - - - 35 119 266 530 725 1,081

 7-10 574 8,042,450 178 - - - 29 110 253 422 575 918*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 253 - - 4 60 170 322 594 850 1,187*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 295 - - - 45 207 391 677 895 1,592*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 691 - 2 58 243 538 932 1,412 1,849 3,556

 20-24 338 9,229,169 396 - - - 76 271 572 904 1,211 1,939*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 722 - 2 54 237 538 963 1,485 2,019 3,879

 55-64 777 9,588,910 794 - 69 207 394 663 999 1,498 1,885 3,271*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 695 - 86 193 356 600 925 1,291 1,571 2,191*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 548 - - 15 127 373 759 1,213 1,598 3,071

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-44

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-42

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 375 988,135 469 - - - 1 452 773 979 1,233* 1,600*

 0.5-0.9 348 913,951 521 - - 25 177 498 774 1,054 1,276* 1,526*

 <2 1,241 4,061,919 418 - - 9 130 348 614 901 1,081 1,457*

 1-3 1,951 6,416,296 423 - 37 88 188 362 582 810 1,025 1,490*

 4-6 1,624 6,149,430 559 4* 74 141 281 477 744 1,076 1,305 1,784*

 <6 4,001 12,486,535 476 - 20 74 207 410 654 952 1,148 1,683

 7-10 574 8,042,450 614 1* 102 165 314 519 821 1,134 1,466 2,142*

 11-14 405 7,722,366 893 20* 138 209 401 709 1,192 1,737 2,121 3,426*

 15-19 411 9,335,573 1,071 - 136 236 465 799 1,385 1,985 2,674 4,735*

 20 + 4,751 88,399,426 1,542 48 296 510 833 1,327 1,968 2,738 3,517 5,522

 20-24 338 9,229,169 1,348 - 114 175 562 1,103 1,738 2,807 3,669 5,459*

 25-54 2,515 56,499,994 1,576 46 315 515 834 1,332 1,997 2,812 3,771 5,879

 55-64 777 9,588,910 1,568 98* 444 596 910 1,385 2,012 2,676 3,174 5,129*

 65 + 1,121 13,081,353 1,518 168* 489 644 981 1,420 1,923 2,508 2,837 3,795*

 All ages 10,439 127,967,627 1,292 6 148 282 585 1,065 1,710 2,478 3,138 5,186

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-45

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-43

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 772 1,957,390 42 - - - - - 42 114 170 467*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 100 - - - - 40 118 276 391 661*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 140 - - - - 58 196 354 509 827

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 266 - - - 64 197 352 583 764 1,279

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 381 - - - 118 295 518 814 1,043 1,519

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 270 - - - 48 184 371 607 819 1,409

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 435 - - 56 169 342 587 922 1,120 1,673*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 580 - - 65 223 441 708 1,281 1,672 2,852*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 728 - - - 214 519 934 1,489 1,987 3,801*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 820 - - 54 285 617 1,062 1,760 2,124 3,835

 20-24 686 18,723,140 884 - - - 212 579 1,059 1,872 2,938 5,489*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 818 - - 37 260 590 1,062 1,817 2,233 3,790

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 798 - - 80 314 633 1,092 1,631 1,883 2,816

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 802 - - 118 352 702 1,062 1,586 1,858 2,659

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 719 - - 15 226 519 943 1,535 1,894 3,775

 Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 407 - - - - 400 716 896 1,043 1,448*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 430 - - - 73 412 667 939 1,049 1,392*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 280 - - - 30 141 458 772 922 1,365

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 157 - - 5 40 108 218 364 494 816

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 164 - - 3 38 113 231 381 503 897

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 200 - - - 39 119 264 518 713 1,067

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 172 - - - 29 108 247 418 526 777*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 231 - - - 46 151 312 556 787 1,180*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 263 - - - 42 156 354 653 895 1,492*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 640 - 9 67 241 510 857 1,302 1,657 2,927

 20-24 686 18,723,140 386 - - 4 91 273 538 877 1,191 1,856*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 662 - 7 57 235 505 889 1,368 1,804 3,194

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 732 - 82 186 358 607 944 1,366 1,734 2,733

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 648 - 82 171 342 582 857 1,163 1,435 2,168

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 514 - - 20 125 360 716 1,136 1,481 2,651

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-46

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-44

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 772 1,957,390 448 - - - 4 429 750 957 1,154 1,503*

 0.5-0.9 714 1,864,971 530 - - 37 181 505 771 1,029 1,278 1,690*

 <2 2,526 8,006,629 420 - - 14 133 344 619 900 1,079 1,495

 1-3 3,855 12,367,218 424 - 44 93 196 353 573 823 1,029 1,514

 4-6 3,202 12,339,569 545 5 75 138 276 462 720 1,053 1,303 1,892

 <6 7,973 24,419,593 470 - 22 83 208 401 645 937 1,132 1,687

 7-10 1,100 15,402,527 607 7* 114 170 312 514 813 1,129 1,418 2,174*

 11-14 816 15,565,140 811 10* 124 209 382 642 1,066 1,622 1,961 3,040*

 15-19 825 17,988,796 991 - 107 228 407 768 1,277 1,894 2,385 4,018*

 20 + 9,323 184,411,625 1,460 55 302 492 817 1,271 1,863 2,549 3,194 5,155

 20-24 686 18,723,140 1,271 1* 117 237 554 1,000 1,577 2,506 3,608 5,796*

 25-54 4,923 113,455,262 1,480 41 301 473 798 1,272 1,893 2,631 3,333 5,244

 55-64 1,544 21,190,446 1,529 118 473 652 946 1,378 1,952 2,557 2,997 4,393

 65 + 2,170 31,042,777 1,451 245 531 651 935 1,344 1,832 2,323 2,708 3,747

 All ages 20,607 261,897,236 1,233 9 162 285 573 1,038 1,633 2,341 2,908 4,805

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13FEB04 13:47 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-47

 Part I: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion I-45

 Table E3. All Sources: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 70 1,750,330 908* - - - 225* 839* 1,403* 1,684* 1,885* 2,270*

 Indirect 70 1,750,330 410* - 6* 49* 128* 279* 594* 1,028* 1,203* 1,451*

 Direct and Indirect 70 1,750,330 1,318* - 180* 369* 746* 1,225* 1,776* 2,336* 2,674* 3,557*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 41 1,171,868 1,149* - - - 184* 902* 1,772* 2,336* 2,801* 3,575*

 Indirect 41 1,171,868 657* - 7* 76* 213* 424* 915* 1,317* 1,708* 2,904*

 Direct and Indirect 41 1,171,868 1,806* - 359* 491* 1,068* 1,498* 2,474* 3,021* 3,767* 4,024*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,221 56,050,136 759 - - - 228 567 945 1,640 2,102 4,014

 Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 484 - - 23 123 345 664 1,102 1,429 2,376

 Direct and Indirect 2,221 56,050,136 1,243 14 200 323 601 1,051 1,593 2,336 2,937 4,851

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,332 58,970,270 771 - - - 229 572 991 1,655 2,112 3,892

 Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 485 - - 24 124 344 664 1,113 1,429 2,388

 Direct and Indirect 2,332 58,970,270 1,256 13 201 326 608 1,064 1,617 2,366 2,949 4,816

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 14:42 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_C3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-48

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-1

 Table A1. Community Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 728 1,834,226 6 - - - - - 3 18 29 89*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 12 - - - - 7 17 31 42 70

 11-19 805 16,191,986 7 - - - - 5 10 19 25 43*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 8 - - - - 5 12 21 27 47

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 9 - - - - 5 12 22 29 51

 Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 45 - - - - 12 77 125 158 235*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 7 - - - 1 4 10 18 24 41

 11-19 805 16,191,986 3 - - - - 2 5 9 12 22*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 8 - - - 2 6 11 17 22 37

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 7 - - - 1 5 10 17 22 47

 Direct and Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 50 - - - - 21 86 130 173 244*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 19 - - - 5 14 27 43 56 95

 11-19 805 16,191,986 11 - - - 3 8 15 25 32 47*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 16 - - 1 6 13 22 33 40 62

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 16 - - 1 5 12 22 33 43 75

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 694 1,826,935 4 - - - - - 1 13 25 61*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 12 - - - - 7 17 30 40 69

 11-19 801 16,816,334 9 - - - 1 6 12 19 26 65*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 7 - - - - 5 10 18 25 45

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 8 - - - - 5 11 20 28 52

 Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 37 - - - - 6 63 115 139 214*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 7 - - - - 4 9 17 25 43

 11-19 801 16,816,334 4 - - - - 2 5 9 13 25*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 7 - - - 1 5 10 15 20 39

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 7 - - - 1 4 9 15 21 48

 Direct and Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 41 - - - - 10 73 120 145 219*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 19 - - - 5 14 27 42 54 86

 11-19 801 16,816,334 13 - - 1 4 9 17 26 36 67*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 14 - - 1 6 12 20 29 37 61

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 15 - - 1 5 12 20 31 41 76

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-49

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-2

 Table A1. Community Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,422 3,661,161 5 - - - - - 2 16 28 68*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 12 - - - - 7 17 31 42 69

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 8 - - - 1 5 11 19 26 52*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 8 - - - - 5 11 19 26 46

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 8 - - - - 5 12 21 29 51

 Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 41 - - - - 8 71 119 147 232*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 7 - - - - 4 9 17 24 42

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 4 - - - - 2 5 9 13 24*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 7 - - - 2 5 10 16 21 37

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 7 - - - 1 4 10 16 21 47

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 46 - - - - 14 79 125 161 236*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 19 - - - 5 14 27 42 55 90

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 12 - - 1 4 9 16 26 33 59*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 15 - - 1 6 12 21 31 39 62

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 16 - - 1 5 12 21 32 43 75

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-50

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-3

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 383 935,936 4 - - - - - - 12 20* 100*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 7 - - - - - 7 24 35* 69*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 10 - - - - - 13 30 42 79*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 14 - - - - 8 21 36 46 86*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 13 - - - - 8 19 34 45 69*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 12 - - - - 6 18 34 43 77

 7-10 491 6,895,811 10 - - - 2 6 14 25 32 51*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 7 - - - 1 5 10 16 23* 35*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 7 - - - - 4 11 19 25 49*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 8 - - - - 5 12 21 27 47

 20-24 340 9,230,121 9 - - - - 5 11 20 30 77*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 8 - - - - 4 11 20 27 46

 55-64 741 11,126,465 8 - - - - 5 12 21 28 38*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 9 - - - 1 7 14 21 25 36*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 9 - - - - 5 12 22 29 51

 Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 50 - - - - 2 96 142 176* 262*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 39 - - - 1 19 70 97 119* 171*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 28 - - - - 8 33 92 124 195*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 10 - - - 1 6 14 24 33 64*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 7 - - - 1 5 10 17 23 38*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 15 - - - 1 6 15 34 71 145

 7-10 491 6,895,811 4 - - - - 2 6 13 16 24*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 3 - - - - 2 5 9 11* 16*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 3 - - - - 2 4 10 14 23*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 8 - - - 2 6 11 17 22 37

 20-24 340 9,230,121 5 - - - 1 4 7 13 17 28*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 8 - - - 2 5 11 17 23 38

 55-64 741 11,126,465 8 - - - 2 7 11 17 23 37*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 8 - - - 3 7 11 16 21 33*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 7 - - - 1 5 10 17 22 47

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-51

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-4

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 54 - - - - 8 108 156 197* 266*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 47 - - - 3 34 79 107 129* 194*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 38 - - - 2 20 53 104 132 216*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 24 - - - 7 18 34 54 69 113*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 20 - - - 5 16 28 46 59 89*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 27 - - - 5 18 36 63 91 171

 7-10 491 6,895,811 14 - - 1 4 11 20 32 39 56*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 11 - - - 4 8 15 25 28* 37*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 11 - - - 2 8 16 25 33 49*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 16 - - 1 6 13 22 33 40 62

 20-24 340 9,230,121 14 - - 1 5 10 17 31 38 85*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 15 - - 1 5 12 22 33 41 63

 55-64 741 11,126,465 16 - - - 6 14 24 33 40 58*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 17 - - 1 8 16 24 33 38 54*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 16 - - 1 5 12 22 33 43 75

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-52

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-5

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 361 954,525 3 - - - - - - 7 19* 60*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 6 - - - - - 6 21 33* 64*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 8 - - - - - 10 26 38 69*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 12 - - - - 6 19 32 44 77*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 14 - - - - 9 20 34 48 78*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 12 - - - - 5 18 32 44 80

 7-10 537 7,645,200 10 - - - 2 7 15 25 33 51*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 9 - - - 1 7 13 21 34* 56*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 8 - - - 1 6 10 18 23 64*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 7 - - - - 5 10 18 25 45

 20-24 336 9,172,756 9 - - - - 4 11 22 33 57*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 7 - - - - 4 10 18 25 44

 55-64 775 9,564,795 6 - - - - 4 10 16 21 29*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 8 - - - - 6 12 19 22 32*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 8 - - - - 5 11 20 28 52

 Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 44 - - - - - 82 136 169* 258*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 29 - - - - 9 51 83 106* 132*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 23 - - - - 6 23 73 113 176*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 9 - - - 1 5 12 23 31 59*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 7 - - - 1 4 10 18 25 41*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 13 - - - 1 5 13 29 56 134

 7-10 537 7,645,200 5 - - - - 3 7 13 16 29*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 4 - - - - 2 6 10 15* 25*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 4 - - - - 2 5 8 12 23*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 7 - - - 1 5 10 15 20 39

 20-24 336 9,172,756 5 - - - - 3 7 12 16 24*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 7 - - - 1 5 10 16 21 44

 55-64 775 9,564,795 8 - - - 3 6 10 15 19 37*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 7 - - - 2 6 10 15 18 27*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 7 - - - 1 4 9 15 21 48

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-53

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-6

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 47 - - - - 3 90 139 172* 277*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 35 - - - - 15 62 95 122* 141*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 31 - - - - 13 43 87 118 186*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 21 - - - 5 16 32 49 62 100*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 21 - - 1 6 16 30 45 61 91*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 25 - - - 4 16 33 59 82 139

 7-10 537 7,645,200 15 - - - 5 12 22 33 40 57*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 13 - - 1 4 10 18 28 40* 63*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 12 - - 1 4 9 16 25 32 66*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 14 - - 1 6 12 20 29 37 61

 20-24 336 9,172,756 13 - - 1 4 10 18 29 39 62*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 14 - - 1 6 12 19 29 39 63

 55-64 775 9,564,795 14 - - 1 6 12 19 28 33 52*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 15 - - - 6 14 21 29 33 44*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 15 - - 1 5 12 20 31 41 76

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-54

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-7

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 744 1,890,461 3 - - - - - - 10 20 65*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 7 - - - - - 6 23 34 69*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 9 - - - - - 12 28 40 73

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 13 - - - - 7 20 34 45 80

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 13 - - - - 9 19 34 46 76

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 12 - - - - 5 18 33 44 80

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 10 - - - 2 7 15 26 32 51*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 8 - - - 1 5 12 19 27 49*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 8 - - - 1 5 11 19 24 56*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 8 - - - - 5 11 19 26 46

 20-24 676 18,402,877 9 - - - - 5 11 21 31 73*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 7 - - - - 4 11 19 26 45

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 7 - - - - 5 11 19 24 36

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 8 - - - - 6 13 20 24 34

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 8 - - - - 5 12 21 29 51

 Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 47 - - - - - 90 141 173 260*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 34 - - - - 13 59 93 112 164*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 25 - - - - 7 28 83 118 191

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 10 - - - 1 6 13 24 32 62

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 7 - - - 1 4 10 18 24 39

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 14 - - - 1 5 14 31 63 141

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 5 - - - - 3 7 13 16 27*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 4 - - - - 2 6 9 12 24*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 4 - - - - 2 5 9 13 23*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 7 - - - 2 5 10 16 21 37

 20-24 676 18,402,877 5 - - - 1 3 7 13 16 25*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 7 - - - 2 5 10 17 22 41

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 8 - - - 3 6 10 16 21 37

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 8 - - - 3 7 11 15 20 32

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 7 - - - 1 4 10 16 21 47

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-55

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-8

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 50 - - - - 5 98 146 189 275*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 41 - - - 2 24 71 102 126 185*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 34 - - - 1 17 48 97 126 206

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 23 - - - 6 17 33 51 65 106

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 20 - - - 6 16 29 46 60 90

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 26 - - - 4 17 35 60 87 156

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 15 - - 1 5 11 21 32 39 58*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 12 - - 1 4 9 17 26 34 54*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 12 - - - 3 9 16 25 32 60*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 15 - - 1 6 12 21 31 39 62

 20-24 676 18,402,877 14 - - 1 4 10 17 31 38 79*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 15 - - 1 5 12 21 31 40 64

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 15 - - - 6 13 22 31 38 57

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 16 - - - 7 15 23 31 37 52

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 16 - - 1 5 12 21 32 43 75

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-56

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-9

 Table A3. Community Water: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 69 1,728,389 8* - - - - 3* 17* 25* 28* 33*

 Indirect 69 1,728,389 5* - - - - 3* 7* 13* 17* 19*

 Direct and Indirect 69 1,728,389 13* - - - 1* 8* 22* 31* 43* 46*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 40 1,141,186 13* - - - - 4* 28* 34* 45* 51*

 Indirect 40 1,141,186 8* - - - - 3* 9* 14* 21* 55*

 Direct and Indirect 40 1,141,186 21* - - - 1* 14* 39* 53* 55* 57*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,166 54,687,608 8 - - - - 4 11 19 27 51

 Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 6 - - - 1 4 9 16 20 35

 Direct and Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 14 - - 1 4 11 20 31 38 66

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,275 57,555,119 8 - - - - 4 11 20 28 51

 Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 6 - - - 1 4 9 16 20 35

 Direct and Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 14 - - 1 4 11 20 32 39 66

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:46 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-57

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-10

 Table B1. Bottled Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 728 1,834,226 3 - - - - - - 9 21 47*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 3 - - - - - - 13 21 48

 11-19 805 16,191,986 2 - - - - - - 7 11 25*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 3 - - - - - - 10 16 30

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 3 - - - - - - 10 16 31

 Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 12 - - - - - - 41 108 172*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 1 - - - - - - - 3 17

 11-19 805 16,191,986 - - - - - - - - - 6*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 1 - - - - - - - 4 12

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 1 - - - - - - - 3 14

 Direct and Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 15 - - - - - - 56 114 191*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 4 - - - - - - 15 24 54

 11-19 805 16,191,986 2 - - - - - - 8 12 28*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 3 - - - - - - 12 19 34

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 3 - - - - - - 12 19 38

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 694 1,826,935 3 - - - - - - 12 21 43*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 3 - - - - - - 11 21 45

 11-19 801 16,816,334 2 - - - - - - 6 11 27*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 2 - - - - - - 7 12 23

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 2 - - - - - - 7 13 28

 Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 15 - - - - - - 66 104 176*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 1 - - - - - - - 2 14

 11-19 801 16,816,334 - - - - - - - - - 6*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 - - - - - - - - 2 11

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 1 - - - - - - - 2 13

 Direct and Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 18 - - - - - 6 74 104 192*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 4 - - - - - - 13 25 52

 11-19 801 16,816,334 2 - - - - - - 6 13 28*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 2 - - - - - - 8 14 31

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 3 - - - - - - 9 16 39

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-58

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-11

 Table B1. Bottled Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,422 3,661,161 3 - - - - - - 10 21 45*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 3 - - - - - - 12 21 45

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 2 - - - - - - 6 11 26*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 2 - - - - - - 8 14 27

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 2 - - - - - - 8 15 31

 Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 14 - - - - - - 57 104 177*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 1 - - - - - - - 2 15

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 - - - - - - - - - 6*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 - - - - - - - - 3 12

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 1 - - - - - - - 3 13

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 17 - - - - - 2 67 107 191*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 4 - - - - - - 14 25 54

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 2 - - - - - - 7 13 28*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 3 - - - - - - 10 17 33

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 3 - - - - - - 10 18 39

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-59

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-12

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 383 935,936 3 - - - - - - 7 18* 67*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 3 - - - - - - 10 22* 38*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 3 - - - - - - 10 21 48*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 4 - - - - - - 16 26 54*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 4 - - - - - - 15 25 54*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 4 - - - - - - 14 26 55

 7-10 491 6,895,811 2 - - - - - - 9 16 34*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 2 - - - - - - 7 10* 22*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 2 - - - - - - 8 11 27*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 3 - - - - - - 10 16 30

 20-24 340 9,230,121 3 - - - - - 2 12 18 31*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 3 - - - - - 1 11 16 30

 55-64 741 11,126,465 2 - - - - - - 8 14 29*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 2 - - - - - - 8 14 25*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 3 - - - - - - 10 16 31

 Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 16 - - - - - - 66 130* 234*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 8 - - - - - - 32 58* 137*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 7 - - - - - - 2 48 152*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 1 - - - - - - - 4 32*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 - - - - - - - - 1 8*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 3 - - - - - - - 6 82

 7-10 491 6,895,811 1 - - - - - - - 3 14*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 - - - - - - - - 1* 7*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 - - - - - - - - - 4*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 1 - - - - - - - 4 12

 20-24 340 9,230,121 - - - - - - - - 2 6*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 1 - - - - - - - 4 15

 55-64 741 11,126,465 1 - - - - - - - 7 14*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 - - - - - - - - 3 10*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 1 - - - - - - - 3 14

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-60

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-13

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 19 - - - - - - 77 142* 276*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 11 - - - - - - 43 81* 141*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 10 - - - - - - 24 62 164*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 5 - - - - - - 18 32 63*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 4 - - - - - - 17 27 54*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 7 - - - - - - 19 35 101

 7-10 491 6,895,811 3 - - - - - - 10 19 41*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 2 - - - - - - 8 12* 24*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 2 - - - - - - 8 12 28*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 3 - - - - - - 12 19 34

 20-24 340 9,230,121 3 - - - - - 2 13 20 34*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 3 - - - - - 2 13 19 34

 55-64 741 11,126,465 3 - - - - - - 10 19 39*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 2 - - - - - - 11 17 30*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 3 - - - - - - 12 19 38

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-61

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-14

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 361 954,525 3 - - - - - - 11 17* 42*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 3 - - - - - - 12 24* 43*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 3 - - - - - - 13 22 45*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 4 - - - - - - 15 26 52*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 4 - - - - - - 14 26 49*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 4 - - - - - - 14 26 50

 7-10 537 7,645,200 2 - - - - - - 4 12 26*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 2 - - - - - - 6 12* 30*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 2 - - - - - - 6 11 24*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 2 - - - - - - 7 12 23

 20-24 336 9,172,756 2 - - - - - - 8 15 33*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 2 - - - - - - 7 12 24

 55-64 775 9,564,795 1 - - - - - - 4 10 19*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 1 - - - - - - 3 8 18*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 2 - - - - - - 7 13 28

 Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 18 - - - - - - 78 134* 211*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 11 - - - - - - 53 82* 110*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 8 - - - - - - 10 63 139*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 1 - - - - - - - 6 23*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 - - - - - - - - 1 13*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 3 - - - - - - - 9 86

 7-10 537 7,645,200 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 - - - - - - - - - 6*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 - - - - - - - - 2 11

 20-24 336 9,172,756 - - - - - - - - - 5*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 - - - - - - - - 3 10

 55-64 775 9,564,795 - - - - - - - - 2 11*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 - - - - - - - - 4 12*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 1 - - - - - - - 2 13

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-62

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-15

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 21 - - - - - 5 89 134* 211*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 14 - - - - - 9 55 90* 119*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 11 - - - - - 3 28 74 149*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 5 - - - - - - 20 31 70*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 4 - - - - - - 16 30 50*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 7 - - - - - - 22 39 102

 7-10 537 7,645,200 2 - - - - - - 7 13 29*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 2 - - - - - - 6 15* 35*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 2 - - - - - - 6 11 28*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 2 - - - - - - 8 14 31

 20-24 336 9,172,756 3 - - - - - - 9 17 33*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 2 - - - - - - 9 14 34

 55-64 775 9,564,795 2 - - - - - - 5 12 27*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 2 - - - - - - 6 13 25*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 3 - - - - - - 9 16 39

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-63

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-16

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 744 1,890,461 3 - - - - - - 10 18 52*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 3 - - - - - - 10 24 40*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 3 - - - - - - 12 22 47

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 4 - - - - - - 15 26 54

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 4 - - - - - - 15 26 50

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 4 - - - - - - 14 26 54

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 2 - - - - - - 7 14 28*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 2 - - - - - - 6 11 28*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 2 - - - - - - 7 11 25*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 2 - - - - - - 8 14 27

 20-24 676 18,402,877 3 - - - - - - 10 17 35*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 2 - - - - - - 9 14 27

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 2 - - - - - - 6 12 23

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 2 - - - - - - 6 13 23

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 2 - - - - - - 8 15 31

 Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 17 - - - - - - 74 133 220*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 10 - - - - - - 43 74 117*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 7 - - - - - - 6 57 148

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 1 - - - - - - - 5 29

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 - - - - - - - - 1 11

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 3 - - - - - - - 7 86

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 - - - - - - - - 2 12*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 - - - - - - - - - 6*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 - - - - - - - - 3 12

 20-24 676 18,402,877 - - - - - - - - 2 5*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 1 - - - - - - - 3 13

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 1 - - - - - - - 4 13

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 - - - - - - - - 3 11

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 1 - - - - - - - 3 13

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-64

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-17

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 20 - - - - - - 85 136 269*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 13 - - - - - 4 52 87 139*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 10 - - - - - - 27 70 164

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 5 - - - - - - 19 31 69

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 4 - - - - - - 16 28 52

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 7 - - - - - - 21 38 102

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 2 - - - - - - 9 16 35*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 2 - - - - - - 7 13 27*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 2 - - - - - - 7 12 28*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 3 - - - - - - 10 17 33

 20-24 676 18,402,877 3 - - - - - 1 12 18 35*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 3 - - - - - - 11 17 34

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 2 - - - - - - 8 16 32

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 2 - - - - - - 9 15 27

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 3 - - - - - - 10 18 39

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-65

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-18

 Table B3. Bottled Water: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 69 1,728,389 5* - - - - - 4* 21* 22* 30*

 Indirect 69 1,728,389 1* - - - - - - 2* 6* 11*

 Direct and Indirect 69 1,728,389 5* - - - - - 6* 21* 29* 31*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 40 1,141,186 1* - - - - - - 3* 8* 11*

 Indirect 40 1,141,186 2* - - - - - - 4* 14* 17*

 Direct and Indirect 40 1,141,186 3* - - - - - - 14* 16* 18*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,166 54,687,608 3 - - - - - 1 11 16 32

 Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 - - - - - - - - 3 10

 Direct and Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 3 - - - - - 2 12 19 34

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,275 57,555,119 3 - - - - - 1 11 17 31

 Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 - - - - - - - - 3 12

 Direct and Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 3 - - - - - 2 13 19 34

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:46 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-66

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-19

 Table C1. Other Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 728 1,834,226 1 - - - - - - - - 24*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 1 - - - - - - - 10 30

 11-19 805 16,191,986 1 - - - - - - 4 9 23*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 1 - - - - - - 1 7 20

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 1 - - - - - - 2 8 22

 Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 4 - - - - - - - 6 123*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 1 - - - - - - - 5 16

 11-19 805 16,191,986 - - - - - - - 1 3 10*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 1 - - - - - - 1 8 20

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 1 - - - - - - 1 6 19

 Direct and Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 5 - - - - - - - 27 128*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 2 - - - - - - 5 17 40

 11-19 805 16,191,986 2 - - - - - - 6 12 30*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 2 - - - - - - 6 17 33

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 2 - - - - - - 6 16 35

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 694 1,826,935 1 - - - - - - - 3 19*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 2 - - - - - - 1 13 32

 11-19 801 16,816,334 1 - - - - - - - 6 23*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 1 - - - - - - 2 8 21

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 1 - - - - - - 2 8 23

 Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 5 - - - - - - - 54 105*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 1 - - - - - - - 4 21

 11-19 801 16,816,334 1 - - - - - - - 4 11*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 1 - - - - - - 2 8 20

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 1 - - - - - - 1 7 20

 Direct and Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 6 - - - - - - 5 55 110*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 2 - - - - - - 5 17 43

 11-19 801 16,816,334 1 - - - - - - 3 10 27*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 2 - - - - - - 7 17 33

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 2 - - - - - - 7 16 35

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-67

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-20

 Table C1. Other Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,422 3,661,161 1 - - - - - - - - 22*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 2 - - - - - - 1 12 31

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 1 - - - - - - 2 7 23*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 1 - - - - - - 2 8 21

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 1 - - - - - - 2 8 22

 Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 5 - - - - - - - 36 115*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 1 - - - - - - - 5 18

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 - - - - - - - - 3 10*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 1 - - - - - - 2 8 20

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 1 - - - - - - 1 7 19

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 6 - - - - - - - 43 125*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 2 - - - - - - 5 17 42

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 2 - - - - - - 5 11 29*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 2 - - - - - - 7 17 33

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 2 - - - - - - 6 16 35

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-68

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-21

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 383 935,936 - - - - - - - - - 16*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 1 - - - - - - - - 26*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 1 - - - - - - - - 26*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 2 - - - - - - - 9 37*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 1 - - - - - - - 10 36*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 1 - - - - - - - 9 37

 7-10 491 6,895,811 1 - - - - - - 4 10 29*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 1 - - - - - - 5 10* 22*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 1 - - - - - - 3 7 25*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 1 - - - - - - 1 7 20

 20-24 340 9,230,121 - - - - - - - - 3 12*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 1 - - - - - - 1 6 20

 55-64 741 11,126,465 1 - - - - - - 5 9 22*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 1 - - - - - - 2 10 18*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 1 - - - - - - 2 8 22

 Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 5 - - - - - - - 14* 147*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 3 - - - - - - - 4* 93*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 2 - - - - - - - 3 88*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 1 - - - - - - - 5 23*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 1 - - - - - - - 5 13*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 1 - - - - - - - 5 32

 7-10 491 6,895,811 1 - - - - - - 1 6 16*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 1 - - - - - - 1 4* 15*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 - - - - - - - - 2 5*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 1 - - - - - - 1 8 20

 20-24 340 9,230,121 - - - - - - - - 1 12*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 1 - - - - - - 1 7 22

 55-64 741 11,126,465 1 - - - - - - 5 10 17*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 1 - - - - - - 1 9 19*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 1 - - - - - - 1 6 19

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-69

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-22

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 6 - - - - - - - 25* 148*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 4 - - - - - - - 27* 99*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 3 - - - - - - - 12 106*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 2 - - - - - - - 17 51*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 2 - - - - - - 4 14 41*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 3 - - - - - - - 18 63

 7-10 491 6,895,811 2 - - - - - - 8 18 31*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 2 - - - - - - 7 14* 34*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 2 - - - - - - 5 11 28*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 2 - - - - - - 6 17 33

 20-24 340 9,230,121 1 - - - - - - - 8 20*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 2 - - - - - - 6 16 35

 55-64 741 11,126,465 3 - - - - - - 13 18 33*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 2 - - - - - - 8 18 32*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 2 - - - - - - 6 16 35

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-70

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-23

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 361 954,525 1 - - - - - - - - 16*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 1 - - - - - - - 6* 23*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 1 - - - - - - - 5 26*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 2 - - - - - - - 12 41*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 1 - - - - - - - 11 31*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 2 - - - - - - - 11 35

 7-10 537 7,645,200 1 - - - - - - 3 13 25*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 1 - - - - - - 2 9* 24*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 1 - - - - - - - 3 17*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 1 - - - - - - 2 8 21

 20-24 336 9,172,756 1 - - - - - - - 4 15*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 1 - - - - - - 2 7 19

 55-64 775 9,564,795 1 - - - - - - 4 9 24*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 2 - - - - - - 6 13 26*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 1 - - - - - - 2 8 23

 Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 6 - - - - - - - 54* 126*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 5 - - - - - - 3 49* 87*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 3 - - - - - - - 9 88*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 1 - - - - - - - 5 22*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 1 - - - - - - - 3 20*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 2 - - - - - - - 6 45

 7-10 537 7,645,200 1 - - - - - - - 5 16*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 1 - - - - - - 1 5* 17*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 - - - - - - - - 2 8*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 1 - - - - - - 2 8 20

 20-24 336 9,172,756 - - - - - - - - 1 7*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 1 - - - - - - 2 8 20

 55-64 775 9,564,795 2 - - - - - - 6 12 24*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 1 - - - - - - 4 9 17*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 1 - - - - - - 1 7 20

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-71

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-24

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 7 - - - - - - - 54* 166*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 6 - - - - - - 10 58* 93*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 4 - - - - - - - 24 93*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 3 - - - - - - 2 20 55*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 2 - - - - - - 3 17 43*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 3 - - - - - - 3 21 62

 7-10 537 7,645,200 2 - - - - - - 6 15 38*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 2 - - - - - - 6 17* 36*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 1 - - - - - - 2 8 18*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 2 - - - - - - 7 17 33

 20-24 336 9,172,756 1 - - - - - - 1 6 17*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 2 - - - - - - 7 16 33

 55-64 775 9,564,795 3 - - - - - - 12 21 40*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 3 - - - - - - 14 22 35*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 2 - - - - - - 7 16 35

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-72

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-25

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 744 1,890,461 1 - - - - - - - - 16*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 1 - - - - - - - 4 26*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 1 - - - - - - - 3 26

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 2 - - - - - - - 11 38

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 1 - - - - - - - 11 33

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 1 - - - - - - - 10 36

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 1 - - - - - - 3 13 28*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 1 - - - - - - 4 10 23*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 1 - - - - - - 2 6 20*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 1 - - - - - - 2 8 21

 20-24 676 18,402,877 1 - - - - - - - 4 14*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 1 - - - - - - 1 7 20

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 1 - - - - - - 4 9 23

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 1 - - - - - - 5 12 22

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 1 - - - - - - 2 8 22

 Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 6 - - - - - - - 54 140*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 4 - - - - - - - 21 89*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 3 - - - - - - - 5 88

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 1 - - - - - - - 5 23

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 1 - - - - - - - 4 16

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 1 - - - - - - - 5 39

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 1 - - - - - - 1 6 16*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 1 - - - - - - 1 4 15*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 - - - - - - - - 2 6*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 1 - - - - - - 2 8 20

 20-24 676 18,402,877 - - - - - - - - 1 8*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 1 - - - - - - 2 8 21

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 1 - - - - - - 5 11 21

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 1 - - - - - - 3 9 19

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 1 - - - - - - 1 7 19

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-73

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-26

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 6 - - - - - - - 55 148*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 5 - - - - - - 3 35 95*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 4 - - - - - - - 18 101

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 3 - - - - - - 1 19 54

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 2 - - - - - - 4 17 42

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 3 - - - - - - 1 20 62

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 2 - - - - - - 7 17 36*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 2 - - - - - - 7 16 36*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 1 - - - - - - 4 8 21*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 2 - - - - - - 7 17 33

 20-24 676 18,402,877 1 - - - - - - - 7 20*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 2 - - - - - - 6 16 33

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 3 - - - - - - 13 20 39

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 2 - - - - - - 10 20 35

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 2 - - - - - - 6 16 35

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-74

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-27

 Table C3. Other Sources: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 69 1,728,389 1* - - - - - - - 2* 14*

 Indirect 69 1,728,389 1* - - - - - - - 2* 14*

 Direct and Indirect 69 1,728,389 1* - - - - - - - 9* 21*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 40 1,141,186 2* - - - - - - 5* 13* 25*

 Indirect 40 1,141,186 2* - - - - - - 4* 12* 21*

 Direct and Indirect 40 1,141,186 4* - - - - - - 8* 28* 42*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,166 54,687,608 1 - - - - - - - 6 19

 Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 1 - - - - - - - 4 19

 Direct and Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 2 - - - - - - 3 12 31

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,275 57,555,119 1 - - - - - - - 6 19

 Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 1 - - - - - - - 4 19

 Direct and Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 2 - - - - - - 3 12 31

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:46 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-75

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-28

 Table D1. Missing Source: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 728 1,834,226 - - - - - - - - - 2*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 - - - - - - - - - 11

 11-19 805 16,191,986 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 - - - - - - - - - 6

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 - - - - - - - - - 7

 Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 - - - - - - - - - -

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 - - - - - - - - - -

 11-19 805 16,191,986 - - - - - - - - - -

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 - - - - - - - - - -

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 - - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 - - - - - - - - - 3*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 - - - - - - - - - 11

 11-19 805 16,191,986 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 - - - - - - - - - 7

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 - - - - - - - - - 8

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 694 1,826,935 - - - - - - - - - 2*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 - - - - - - - - - 8

 11-19 801 16,816,334 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 - - - - - - - - - 5

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 - - - - - - - - - 6

 Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 - - - - - - - - - -

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 - - - - - - - - - -

 11-19 801 16,816,334 - - - - - - - - - -

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 - - - - - - - - - -

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 - - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 - - - - - - - - - 4*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 - - - - - - - - - 8

 11-19 801 16,816,334 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 - - - - - - - - - 7

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 - - - - - - - - - 8

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-76

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-29

 Table D1. Missing Source: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,422 3,661,161 - - - - - - - - - 2*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 - - - - - - - - - 9

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 - - - - - - - - - 6

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 - - - - - - - - - 6

 Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 - - - - - - - - - -

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 - - - - - - - - - -

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 - - - - - - - - - -

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 - - - - - - - - - -

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 - - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 - - - - - - - - - 3*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 - - - - - - - - - 10

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 - - - - - - - - - 9*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 - - - - - - - - - 7

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 - - - - - - - - - 8

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-77

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-30

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 383 935,936 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 - - - - - - - - - 3*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 - - - - - - - - - 3*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 - - - - - - - - - 7*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 - - - - - - - - - 8

 7-10 491 6,895,811 - - - - - - - - - 15*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 - - - - - - - - - 7*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 - - - - - - - - - 11*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 - - - - - - - - - 6

 20-24 340 9,230,121 - - - - - - - - - 5*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 - - - - - - - - - 7

 55-64 741 11,126,465 - - - - - - - - - 5*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 - - - - - - - - - 2*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 - - - - - - - - - 7

 Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 - - - - - - - - - -

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 - - - - - - - - - -

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 - - - - - - - - - -

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 - - - - - - - - - -

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 - - - - - - - - - -

 7-10 491 6,895,811 - - - - - - - - - -

 11-14 398 7,660,943 - - - - - - - - - -

 15-19 407 8,531,043 - - - - - - - - - -

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 - - - - - - - - - -

 20-24 340 9,230,121 - - - - - - - - - -

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 - - - - - - - - - -

 55-64 741 11,126,465 - - - - - - - - - -

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 - - - - - - - - - 2*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 - - - - - - - - - -

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-78

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-31

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 - - - - - - - - - 4*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 - - - - - - - - - 4*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 - - - - - - - - - 7*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 - - - - - - - - - 8

 7-10 491 6,895,811 - - - - - - - - - 15*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 - - - - - - - - - 11*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 - - - - - - - - - 7

 20-24 340 9,230,121 - - - - - - - - - 5*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 - - - - - - - - - 8

 55-64 741 11,126,465 - - - - - - - - - 5*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 - - - - - - - - - 6*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 - - - - - - - - - 8

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-79

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-32

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 361 954,525 - - - - - - - - - 3*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 - - - - - - - - - 2*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 - - - - - - - - - 8

 7-10 537 7,645,200 - - - - - - - - - 4*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 - - - - - - - - - 7*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 - - - - - - - - - 5

 20-24 336 9,172,756 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 - - - - - - - - - 5

 55-64 775 9,564,795 - - - - - - - - - 3*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 - - - - - - - - - 4*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 - - - - - - - - - 6

 Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 - - - - - - - - - 2*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 - - - - - - - - - 1*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 - - - - - - - - - 1*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 - - - - - - - - - -

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 - - - - - - - - - -

 7-10 537 7,645,200 - - - - - - - - - -

 11-14 392 7,522,213 - - - - - - - - - -

 15-19 409 9,294,121 - - - - - - - - - 2*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 - - - - - - - - - -

 20-24 336 9,172,756 - - - - - - - - - -

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 - - - - - - - - - -

 55-64 775 9,564,795 - - - - - - - - - -

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 - - - - - - - - - 1*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 - - - - - - - - - -

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-80

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-33

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 - - - - - - - - - 3*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 1 - - - - - - - - 20*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 1 - - - - - - - - 11*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 1 - - - - - - - - 12*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 - - - - - - - - - 10

 7-10 537 7,645,200 - - - - - - - - - 5*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 - - - - - - - - - 7*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 - - - - - - - - - 7

 20-24 336 9,172,756 - - - - - - - - - 11*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 - - - - - - - - - 7

 55-64 775 9,564,795 - - - - - - - - - 4*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 - - - - - - - - - 8

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-81

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-34

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 744 1,890,461 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 - - - - - - - - - 3*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 - - - - - - - - - 7

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 - - - - - - - - - 8

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 - - - - - - - - - 8

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 - - - - - - - - - 8

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 - - - - - - - - - 6

 20-24 676 18,402,877 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 - - - - - - - - - 6

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 - - - - - - - - - 4

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 - - - - - - - - - 3

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 - - - - - - - - - 6

 Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 - - - - - - - - - -

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 - - - - - - - - - -

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 - - - - - - - - - -

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 - - - - - - - - - -

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 - - - - - - - - - -

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 - - - - - - - - - -

 11-14 790 15,183,156 - - - - - - - - - -

 15-19 816 17,825,164 - - - - - - - - - -

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 - - - - - - - - - -

 20-24 676 18,402,877 - - - - - - - - - -

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 - - - - - - - - - -

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 - - - - - - - - - -

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 - - - - - - - - - 2

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 - - - - - - - - - -

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-82

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-35

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 - - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 - - - - - - - - - 8

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 - - - - - - - - - 10

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 - - - - - - - - - 8

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 - - - - - - - - - 9

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 - - - - - - - - - 8*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 - - - - - - - - - 7

 20-24 676 18,402,877 - - - - - - - - - 10*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 - - - - - - - - - 7

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 - - - - - - - - - 5

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 - - - - - - - - - 7

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 - - - - - - - - - 8

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-83

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-36

 Table D3. Missing Source: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 69 1,728,389 1* - - - - - - - - 19*

 Indirect 69 1,728,389 - - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect 69 1,728,389 1* - - - - - - - - 19*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 40 1,141,186 1* - - - - - - - 5* 15*

 Indirect 40 1,141,186 - - - - - - - - - 1*

 Direct and Indirect 40 1,141,186 1* - - - - - - - 5* 15*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,166 54,687,608 - - - - - - - - - 6

 Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 - - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 - - - - - - - - - 6

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,275 57,555,119 - - - - - - - - - 7

 Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 - - - - - - - - - -

 Direct and Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 - - - - - - - - - 8

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:46 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-84

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-37

 Table E1. All Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 728 1,834,226 9 - - - - - 11 26 41 95*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 17 - - 1 6 13 23 37 48 81

 11-19 805 16,191,986 11 - - 1 4 8 15 23 30 55*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 12 - - 1 4 9 16 25 31 50

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 12 - - 1 4 9 17 26 33 60

 Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 61 - - - 2 53 97 142 171 268*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 8 - - - 2 5 12 20 26 46

 11-19 805 16,191,986 4 - - - 1 2 6 10 14 23*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 9 - - 1 3 7 13 18 24 39

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 9 - - - 3 6 12 18 25 55

 Direct and Indirect < 1 728 1,834,226 70 - - - 11 60 108 164 191 278*

 1-10 3,753 18,286,088 26 - 4 6 12 21 33 50 64 102

 11-19 805 16,191,986 15 - 2 4 7 13 19 29 36 56*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 21 1 5 7 12 18 27 37 45 69

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 22 - 4 6 11 18 27 39 50 89

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 694 1,826,935 9 - - - - - 11 25 37 81*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 17 - - - 6 13 23 36 47 77

 11-19 801 16,816,334 12 - - 1 4 9 15 24 34 65*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 10 - - 1 3 8 14 22 29 49

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 12 - - - 4 8 15 25 34 61

 Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 57 - - - 2 51 90 134 163 239*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 8 - - - 2 5 11 20 28 48

 11-19 801 16,816,334 5 - - - 1 3 6 10 15 25*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 9 - - 1 3 7 11 18 23 43

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 9 - - - 2 6 11 18 25 59

 Direct and Indirect < 1 694 1,826,935 66 - - - 10 59 100 145 172 270*

 1-10 3,908 19,571,816 25 - 3 6 12 21 33 49 62 95

 11-19 801 16,816,334 16 - 3 4 7 12 20 32 42 68*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 19 - 4 6 10 16 24 34 43 67

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 20 - 3 6 10 16 25 38 50 86

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-85

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-38

 Table E1. All Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 1,422 3,661,161 9 - - - - - 11 26 38 91*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 17 - - - 6 13 23 36 47 78

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 11 - - 1 4 9 15 24 32 59*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 11 - - 1 4 9 15 24 30 50

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 12 - - - 4 9 16 26 33 60

 Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 59 - - - 2 52 94 138 168 247*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 8 - - - 2 5 11 20 27 48

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 4 - - - 1 3 6 10 14 25*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 9 - - 1 3 7 12 18 23 41

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 9 - - - 2 6 11 18 25 57

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,422 3,661,161 68 - - - 11 59 103 153 185 272*

 1-10 7,661 37,857,904 25 - 4 6 12 21 33 49 63 99

 11-19 1,606 33,008,320 16 - 2 4 7 13 20 30 39 64*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 20 1 4 6 11 17 26 35 44 68

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 21 - 4 6 10 17 26 38 50 87

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 10:16 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-86

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-39

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 383 935,936 7 - - - - - 8 21 32* 100*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 11 - - - - 4 14 34 43* 74*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 14 - - - - 7 19 37 48 97*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 20 - - - 6 15 27 42 56 96*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 19 - - - 7 15 26 41 52 81*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 18 - - - 4 13 25 40 52 91

 7-10 491 6,895,811 14 - - 3 6 10 19 30 37 53*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 11 - - 1 4 8 14 22 26* 48*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 11 - - 1 3 8 16 25 31 57*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 12 - - 1 4 9 16 25 31 50

 20-24 340 9,230,121 13 - - - 3 9 15 25 33 77*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 12 - - 1 4 9 16 26 31 50

 55-64 741 11,126,465 12 - - 2 5 9 16 24 30 45*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 12 - - 2 6 10 17 23 27 38*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 12 - - 1 4 9 17 26 33 60

 Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 71 - - - - 65 119 164 199* 293*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 51 - - - 8 47 78 106 138* 174*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 37 - - - 3 13 55 111 142 226*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 12 - - - 3 8 16 28 36 72*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 8 - - - 2 6 11 18 25 38*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 19 - - - 3 8 18 47 90 164

 7-10 491 6,895,811 6 - - - 1 4 8 15 17 25*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 4 - - - 1 3 6 11 13* 20*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 4 - - - 1 2 5 10 14 23*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 9 - - 1 3 7 13 18 24 39

 20-24 340 9,230,121 6 - - - 2 4 8 14 18 28*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 9 - - 1 3 7 13 20 26 42

 55-64 741 11,126,465 10 - 1 2 5 8 13 19 24 38*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 10 - 1 2 5 9 13 17 22 33*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 9 - - - 3 6 12 18 25 55

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-87

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-40

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 383 935,936 79 - - - - 71 128 184 221* 308*

 0.5-0.9 345 898,290 62 - - 5 20 54 91 118 167* 206*

 <2 1,227 3,777,633 51 - - 2 13 33 73 123 164 239*

 1-3 1,794 5,618,977 32 - 4 8 15 26 41 61 80 127*

 4-6 1,468 5,771,300 27 - 4 7 13 22 35 52 66 98*

 <6 3,739 11,271,167 37 - 2 6 14 26 46 78 109 188

 7-10 491 6,895,811 20 1* 4 6 10 17 26 36 45 70*

 11-14 398 7,660,943 15 - 2* 4 7 13 19 28 36* 51*

 15-19 407 8,531,043 15 - 1 3 6 12 20 29 37 58*

 20 + 4,437 93,104,821 21 1 5 7 12 18 27 37 45 69

 20-24 340 9,230,121 19 - 2 5 8 14 22 33 42 89*

 25-54 2,331 55,163,329 21 1 4 6 11 18 27 38 47 69

 55-64 741 11,126,465 22 2* 6 9 14 20 28 38 43 59*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 22 5* 8 10 14 20 27 35 41 54*

 All ages 9,723 129,417,121 22 - 4 6 11 18 27 39 50 89

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-88

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-41

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 361 954,525 7 - - - - - 8 21 26* 81*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 11 - - - - 5 13 29 39* 73*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 13 - - - - 7 18 32 43 81*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 19 - - - 5 14 26 40 52 87*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 19 - - 1 7 15 27 42 53 81*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 17 - - - 4 12 25 39 52 86

 7-10 537 7,645,200 14 - - 2 6 11 19 29 35 51*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 13 - - 1 4 10 16 28 39* 56*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 11 - - - 3 8 14 21 26 64*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 10 - - 1 3 8 14 22 29 49

 20-24 336 9,172,756 12 - - - 3 8 16 27 41 74*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 10 - - - 3 8 13 22 30 48

 55-64 775 9,564,795 9 - - - 3 7 13 19 24 33*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 11 - - 2 5 9 15 21 26 34*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 12 - - - 4 8 15 25 34 61

 Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 68 - - - - 62 114 160 204* 277*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 45 - - - 6 42 71 100 120* 138*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 34 - - - 2 11 52 100 130 214*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 11 - - - 3 7 15 27 35 65*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 8 - - - 2 5 11 20 28 41*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 18 - - - 2 8 17 45 79 146

 7-10 537 7,645,200 6 - - - 1 4 8 14 18 29*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 5 - - - 1 3 7 12 16* 25*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 4 - - - 1 3 5 9 13 23*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 9 - - 1 3 7 11 18 23 43

 20-24 336 9,172,756 5 - - - 1 3 8 12 16 25*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 9 - - 1 3 6 11 18 24 48

 55-64 775 9,564,795 10 - 1 3 5 8 12 18 25 40*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 9 - 1 2 5 8 12 17 20 29*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 9 - - - 2 6 11 18 25 59

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-89

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-42

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 361 954,525 75 - - - - 67 118 163 214* 293*

 0.5-0.9 333 872,410 56 - - 2 19 51 82 113 134* 166*

 <2 1,197 3,917,902 46 - - - 11 30 66 110 139 223*

 1-3 1,851 6,127,169 30 - 3 6 14 25 39 58 72 116*

 4-6 1,520 5,799,447 28 - 4 7 14 23 36 54 68 95*

 <6 3,791 11,889,007 35 - 1 5 14 26 44 74 100 165

 7-10 537 7,645,200 19 - 4 6 10 17 26 36 45 64*

 11-14 392 7,522,213 18 - 3* 4 8 14 23 37 44* 64*

 15-19 409 9,294,121 15 - 2 4 6 11 18 28 39 71*

 20 + 4,724 87,950,403 19 - 4 6 10 16 24 34 43 67

 20-24 336 9,172,756 17 - 1 2 7 14 22 35 45 75*

 25-54 2,499 56,219,548 19 - 4 6 10 16 24 35 45 68

 55-64 775 9,564,795 19 1* 6 7 11 17 24 32 39 63*

 65 + 1,114 12,993,304 19 3* 6 8 12 18 25 32 37 50*

 All ages 10,127 126,165,488 20 - 3 6 10 16 25 38 50 86

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-90

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-43

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 744 1,890,461 7 - - - - - 8 21 31 96*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 11 - - - - 5 14 31 41 76*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 13 - - - - 7 19 34 46 91

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 19 - - - 5 14 26 42 54 90

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 19 - - - 7 15 26 41 52 81

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 18 - - - 4 13 25 40 52 87

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 14 - - 2 6 11 19 29 36 52*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 12 - - 1 4 9 15 25 33 51*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 11 - - - 3 8 15 23 30 62*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 11 - - 1 4 9 15 24 30 50

 20-24 676 18,402,877 12 - - - 3 8 15 26 37 75*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 11 - - 1 4 8 15 24 31 49

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 11 - - 1 4 8 15 22 27 38

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 11 - - 2 5 10 16 22 27 38

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 12 - - - 4 9 16 26 33 60

 Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 70 - - - - 63 117 163 200 289*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 48 - - - 7 45 75 104 125 169*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 35 - - - 2 12 54 105 137 214

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 12 - - - 3 8 16 27 36 68

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 8 - - - 2 5 11 19 26 41

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 18 - - - 2 8 18 46 83 160

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 6 - - - 1 4 8 14 18 29*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 5 - - - 1 3 7 11 15 25*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 4 - - - 1 2 5 10 14 23*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 9 - - 1 3 7 12 18 23 41

 20-24 676 18,402,877 6 - - - 1 4 8 14 17 26*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 9 - - 1 3 7 12 19 25 46

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 10 - 1 2 5 8 13 18 25 38

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 9 - 1 2 5 8 12 17 21 33

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 9 - - - 2 6 11 18 25 57

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-91

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-44

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 744 1,890,461 77 - - - - 68 125 174 216 297*

 0.5-0.9 678 1,770,700 59 - - 4 20 53 86 118 148 194*

 <2 2,424 7,695,535 49 - - 1 12 31 69 117 150 232

 1-3 3,645 11,746,146 31 - 3 7 14 25 40 60 75 120

 4-6 2,988 11,570,747 27 - 4 7 13 23 36 53 68 97

 <6 7,530 23,160,174 36 - 2 6 14 26 45 76 104 175

 7-10 1,028 14,541,011 20 - 4 6 10 17 26 36 45 68*

 11-14 790 15,183,156 16 - 3 4 8 14 21 32 40 60*

 15-19 816 17,825,164 15 - 2 4 6 12 19 29 38 66*

 20 + 9,161 181,055,224 20 1 4 6 11 17 26 35 44 68

 20-24 676 18,402,877 18 - 1 3 8 14 22 34 44 85*

 25-54 4,830 111,382,877 20 - 4 6 11 17 26 37 46 68

 55-64 1,516 20,691,260 20 2 6 8 12 18 26 35 42 59

 65 + 2,139 30,578,210 21 3 7 9 13 19 27 34 39 54

 All ages 19,850 255,582,609 21 - 4 6 10 17 26 38 50 87

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:09 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-92

 Part II: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion II-45

 Table E3. All Sources: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 All Individuals

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 69 1,728,389 14* - - - 4* 14* 22* 29* 31* 33*

 Indirect 69 1,728,389 6* - - 1* 2* 4* 9* 16* 17* 19*

 Direct and Indirect 69 1,728,389 21* - 3* 5* 10* 19* 29* 39* 44* 61*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 40 1,141,186 17* - - - 4* 11* 28* 38* 45* 51*

 Indirect 40 1,141,186 11* - - 1* 3* 7* 13* 23* 26* 63*

 Direct and Indirect 40 1,141,186 28* - 6* 9* 12* 25* 41* 53* 57* 70*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,166 54,687,608 12 - - - 4 8 15 25 32 61

 Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 8 - - - 2 5 11 17 23 38

 Direct and Indirect 2,166 54,687,608 19 - 3 5 9 16 25 35 46 77

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,275 57,555,119 12 - - - 4 9 16 26 32 60

 Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 8 - - - 2 5 11 17 23 38

 Direct and Indirect 2,275 57,555,119 19 - 3 5 9 16 25 36 46 77

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:46 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_D3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-93

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-1

 Table A1. Community Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 221 577,121 141 - 8* 13 37 73 174 315 431* 692*

 1-10 2,650 13,828,644 353 26 56 60 117 236 461 731 1,032 1,593

 11-19 615 12,077,681 557 37* 57 111 189 383 706 1,193 1,536 2,504*

 20 + 3,282 68,559,294 769 42 111 141 289 580 946 1,615 1,944 3,650

 All ages 6,768 95,042,740 678 29 81 114 233 470 901 1,417 1,876 3,254

 Indirect < 1 492 1,234,906 473 4* 21 44 118 479 695 888 1,017 1,394*

 1-10 3,349 16,013,896 162 2 6 15 47 112 228 376 475 743

 11-19 651 12,932,403 235 2* 7 17 55 145 312 537 772 1,301*

 20 + 4,064 85,855,345 547 3 28 71 205 435 750 1,127 1,436 2,379

 All ages 8,556 116,036,550 459 3 16 40 122 332 641 1,018 1,315 2,251

 Direct and Indirect < 1 516 1,294,659 515 3* 26 49 158 503 755 972 1,122 1,617*

 1-10 3,627 17,949,653 417 5 30 59 147 323 569 920 1,123 1,736

 11-19 768 15,254,527 640 7* 43 89 220 459 905 1,389 1,774 2,600*

 20 + 4,227 89,385,243 1,116 11 84 192 494 943 1,514 2,165 2,711 4,268

 All ages 9,138 123,884,082 950 9 59 118 338 747 1,316 2,004 2,483 3,864

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 200 486,651 140 9* 13* 17 41 83 171 293* 395* 690*

 1-10 2,730 14,456,107 377 27 53 68 145 287 498 817 992 1,472

 11-19 650 13,499,796 688 29* 65 115 228 471 820 1,396 1,769 3,965*

 20 + 3,416 64,456,588 822 45 111 118 294 590 1,059 1,736 2,243 4,036

 All ages 6,996 92,899,142 730 29 82 116 235 489 944 1,531 1,987 3,785

 Indirect < 1 453 1,129,605 457 5* 21 32 89 427 732 949 1,086 1,384*

 1-10 3,418 16,662,968 173 2 7 15 50 116 234 392 528 783

 11-19 658 13,738,878 283 3* 8 18 72 193 365 638 895 1,622*

 20 + 4,137 77,525,839 641 6 32 74 235 494 849 1,294 1,679 3,288

 All ages 8,666 109,057,290 523 4 15 42 133 355 714 1,135 1,489 2,923

 Direct and Indirect < 1 481 1,199,641 488 7* 28 44 118 459 756 976 1,171 1,488*

 1-10 3,738 18,741,065 445 4 29 59 152 355 630 944 1,154 1,705

 11-19 768 15,923,039 827 7* 67 118 299 595 1,059 1,669 2,056 3,985*

 20 + 4,384 82,703,542 1,242 15 118 233 563 1,038 1,644 2,387 3,016 4,939

 All ages 9,371 118,567,287 1,053 10 72 139 384 817 1,426 2,164 2,734 4,616

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-94

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-2

 Table A1. Community Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 421 1,063,772 141 9* 13 15 39 78 174 296 444 704*

 1-10 5,380 28,284,751 366 26 56 65 118 262 471 784 1,003 1,511

 11-19 1,265 25,577,477 626 36* 59 115 223 467 767 1,299 1,672 3,565*

 20 + 6,698 133,015,882 795 43 111 130 292 589 1,024 1,646 2,117 3,792

 All ages 13,764 187,941,882 704 29 82 116 234 472 943 1,469 1,888 3,663

 Indirect < 1 945 2,364,511 466 4* 21 38 106 451 715 917 1,043 1,391*

 1-10 6,767 32,676,864 168 2 7 15 48 113 232 384 506 776

 11-19 1,309 26,671,281 260 2* 7 18 64 167 339 584 825 1,377*

 20 + 8,201 163,381,184 592 4 29 74 219 472 795 1,202 1,549 2,778

 All ages 17,222 225,093,840 490 3 16 41 127 343 677 1,071 1,412 2,543

 Direct and Indirect < 1 997 2,494,300 502 4* 28 46 133 484 756 976 1,147 1,517*

 1-10 7,365 36,690,718 431 5 29 59 148 339 599 934 1,137 1,722

 11-19 1,536 31,177,566 736 7* 58 106 249 533 967 1,566 1,973 3,689*

 20 + 8,611 172,088,785 1,176 13 103 208 524 995 1,572 2,284 2,848 4,631

 All ages 18,509 242,451,369 1,000 9 64 127 355 786 1,375 2,069 2,601 4,274

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-95

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-3

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 76 202,040 113 - - - 22* 56 112* 174* 453* 733*

 0.5-0.9 145 375,081 156 - 10* 24* 43 104 231 334* 418* 611*

 <2 523 1,758,255 220 5* 23 28 56 145 294 467 612 923*

 1-3 1,174 3,736,878 295 - 38 57 115 223 352 583 795 1,417*

 4-6 1,061 4,281,558 367 24* 46 82 128 266 468 791 1,019 1,419*

 <6 2,266 7,089,320 304 10 29 57 114 232 394 613 822 1,291

 7-10 415 5,810,208 381 18* 53 79 118 254 464 812 1,063 1,811*

 11-14 314 5,968,002 476 27* 56* 85 166 348 588 943 1,480* 1,958*

 15-19 301 6,109,679 637 39* 58* 98 209 455 825 1,392 1,671* 3,029*

 20 + 3,282 68,559,294 769 42 111 141 289 580 946 1,615 1,944 3,650

 20-24 238 6,588,299 829 32* 86* 115 231 506 929 1,535 2,593* 5,265*

 25-54 1,682 39,719,998 757 38 104 117 261 531 944 1,643 2,014 3,529

 55-64 553 8,392,584 790 48* 114 168 348 589 1,050 1,624 1,860 2,808*

 65 + 809 13,858,413 764 50* 116 201 342 613 991 1,413 1,840 2,700*

 All ages 6,768 95,042,740 678 29 81 114 233 470 901 1,417 1,876 3,254

 Indirect <0.5 203 501,191 536 6* 27* 52 316 545 774 952 1,027* 1,252*

 0.5-0.9 289 733,715 431 2* 17* 34 99 426 665 841 999* 1,424*

 <2 930 2,946,661 290 2* 12 23 59 161 447 744 860 1,287*

 1-3 1,601 5,039,473 155 1* 8 17 47 111 219 352 445 738*

 4-6 1,326 5,176,882 168 2* 6 15 49 117 232 369 460 739*

 <6 3,195 9,713,965 199 2 8 18 51 122 259 485 663 997

 7-10 422 5,797,541 164 1* 6 12 43 104 232 393 489 720*

 11-14 317 5,974,288 214 2* 6* 14 57 145 308 468 586* 904*

 15-19 334 6,958,115 252 2* 7* 17 55 146 336 647 909* 1,466*

 20 + 4,064 85,855,345 547 3 28 71 205 435 750 1,127 1,436 2,379

 20-24 308 8,434,343 378 2* 13 38 118 281 481 814 1,139 1,810*

 25-54 2,146 51,134,949 551 4 25 62 178 429 751 1,171 1,510 2,502

 55-64 676 10,338,356 612 2* 44 89 246 516 815 1,211 1,545 2,381*

 65 + 934 15,947,697 584 6* 60 129 286 506 790 1,045 1,305 2,056*

 All ages 8,556 116,036,550 459 3 16 40 122 332 641 1,018 1,315 2,251

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-96

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-4

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 221 541,386 539 7* 18* 52 188 559 799 961 1,123* 1,423*

 0.5-0.9 295 753,273 497 3* 25* 49 132 484 736 979 1,097* 1,659*

 <2 984 3,125,870 397 3* 22 44 112 316 601 852 1,015 1,424*

 1-3 1,704 5,364,721 351 3* 24 47 125 272 473 735 947 1,387*

 4-6 1,428 5,637,463 433 5* 30 59 151 348 599 909 1,177 1,738*

 <6 3,401 10,350,854 395 4 24 49 133 308 561 829 1,022 1,580

 7-10 495 6,947,469 455 6* 37 65 152 354 633 987 1,161 1,870*

 11-14 379 7,171,981 574 7* 59* 111 233 428 799 1,216 1,564* 2,105*

 15-19 389 8,082,546 699 7* 25* 66 196 503 983 1,519 1,927* 2,918*

 20 + 4,227 89,385,243 1,116 11 84 192 494 943 1,514 2,165 2,711 4,268

 20-24 326 8,994,955 962 9* 65 119 332 651 1,135 1,943 2,909 5,351*

 25-54 2,240 53,328,911 1,092 12 75 175 467 882 1,505 2,196 2,823 4,246

 55-64 698 10,624,269 1,220 9* 108 228 650 1,113 1,647 2,248 2,607 3,829*

 65 + 963 16,437,108 1,210 16* 135 334 695 1,106 1,603 2,121 2,520 3,697*

 All ages 9,138 123,884,082 950 9 59 118 338 747 1,316 2,004 2,483 3,864

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-97

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-5

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 76 177,448 101 8* 10* 14* 27* 58 115* 231* 364* 432*

 0.5-0.9 124 309,203 163 9* 14* 21* 54 105 214 310* 477* 815*

 <2 503 1,730,934 208 12* 21 34 59 131 283 458 584 925*

 1-3 1,182 3,878,743 294 26* 42 55 113 231 367 585 792 1,237*

 4-6 1,103 4,360,572 387 27* 51 82 146 291 472 815 1,002 1,484*

 <6 2,269 7,239,675 322 15 41 57 114 234 431 697 875 1,410

 7-10 445 6,216,792 423 20* 55 84 169 304 584 921 1,040 1,597*

 11-14 320 6,085,567 594 26* 56* 86 177 432 703 1,351 1,662* 3,274*

 15-19 330 7,414,229 765 31* 82* 117 235 527 934 1,399 1,867* 5,997*

 20 + 3,416 64,456,588 822 45 111 118 294 590 1,059 1,736 2,243 4,036

 20-24 254 6,882,414 918 - 63 113 235 506 1,044 2,105 3,333 5,001*

 25-54 1,796 41,170,738 816 45 93 117 291 581 1,058 1,751 2,341 4,001

 55-64 561 6,941,569 758 73* 112 134 292 580 998 1,491 1,865 2,745*

 65 + 805 9,461,867 825 54* 116 208 351 700 1,119 1,633 1,877 2,461*

 All ages 6,996 92,899,142 730 29 82 116 235 489 944 1,531 1,987 3,785

 Indirect <0.5 202 484,753 557 5* 29* 52 257 550 823 969 1,085* 1,412*

 0.5-0.9 251 644,852 383 3* 18* 29 76 308 567 907 1,064* 1,383*

 <2 869 2,821,053 278 2* 11 22 59 140 423 764 894 1,278*

 1-3 1,608 5,273,072 156 2* 8 17 48 108 210 355 474 757*

 4-6 1,359 5,207,276 171 2* 7 14 45 113 236 391 527 863*

 <6 3,168 9,949,766 195 2 8 18 50 119 250 481 668 1,037

 7-10 451 6,182,620 191 1* 6 14 53 131 257 437 583 779*

 11-14 328 6,297,834 241 2* 7* 12 66 162 293 504 820* 1,186*

 15-19 330 7,441,044 318 4* 11* 24 80 216 399 680 896* 1,800*

 20 + 4,137 77,525,839 641 6 32 74 235 494 849 1,294 1,679 3,288

 20-24 283 7,777,298 421 2* 11 26 111 289 574 943 1,214 1,721*

 25-54 2,203 49,786,481 667 5 33 74 225 485 890 1,369 1,833 3,826

 55-64 688 8,563,629 698 7* 41 129 286 586 919 1,307 1,668 2,926*

 65 + 963 11,398,431 638 13* 61 142 302 562 859 1,208 1,460 2,177*

 All ages 8,666 109,057,290 523 4 15 42 133 355 714 1,135 1,489 2,923

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-98

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-6

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 214 515,857 558 10* 30* 46 217 548 845 992 1,169* 1,436*

 0.5-0.9 267 683,784 435 3* 23* 41 87 362 684 959 1,162* 1,483*

 <2 929 3,050,967 375 3* 22 44 115 275 565 858 1,009 1,391*

 1-3 1,718 5,646,374 347 3* 23 49 117 267 507 710 943 1,394*

 4-6 1,488 5,714,724 451 4* 29 67 152 358 626 980 1,175 1,710*

 <6 3,406 10,686,487 400 3 26 54 126 323 570 851 1,073 1,559

 7-10 532 7,379,967 516 5* 33 85 207 417 762 1,007 1,291 1,856*

 11-14 380 7,260,626 707 7* 57* 118 251 522 931 1,555 1,963* 3,579*

 15-19 388 8,662,413 928 6* 70* 135 340 685 1,170 1,810 2,318* 4,832*

 20 + 4,384 82,703,542 1,242 15 118 233 563 1,038 1,644 2,387 3,016 4,939

 20-24 318 8,663,072 1,107 9* 69 122 396 787 1,338 2,338 3,444 5,323*

 25-54 2,359 53,450,658 1,250 18 118 236 558 1,029 1,644 2,403 3,146 5,057

 55-64 712 8,859,843 1,268 11* 118 260 644 1,103 1,658 2,397 2,911 4,276*

 65 + 995 11,729,969 1,286 30* 160 289 710 1,190 1,747 2,268 2,648 3,588*

 All ages 9,371 118,567,287 1,053 10 72 139 384 817 1,426 2,164 2,734 4,616

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-99

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-7

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 152 379,488 107 8* 10* 12* 25 58 114 222* 381* 650*

 0.5-0.9 269 684,284 159 4* 13* 24 53 105 231 326 450* 724*

 <2 1,026 3,489,189 214 12* 24 34 59 138 290 462 590 924*

 1-3 2,356 7,615,621 294 26 41 57 114 231 354 584 794 1,275

 4-6 2,164 8,642,130 377 27 48 82 141 284 472 796 1,004 1,470

 <6 4,535 14,328,995 313 14 38 57 114 233 411 647 827 1,402

 7-10 860 12,027,000 403 21* 54 83 145 288 557 887 1,054 1,605*

 11-14 634 12,053,569 535 28* 58 86 175 383 695 1,170 1,612 2,536*

 15-19 631 13,523,908 707 38* 76 116 229 491 886 1,404 1,836 3,798*

 20 + 6,698 133,015,882 795 43 111 130 292 589 1,024 1,646 2,117 3,792

 20-24 492 13,470,713 875 - 79 114 233 506 946 1,880 3,165 5,124*

 25-54 3,478 80,890,736 787 41 96 117 282 578 1,005 1,682 2,219 3,781

 55-64 1,114 15,334,153 776 56* 113 163 325 587 1,038 1,594 1,871 2,799*

 65 + 1,614 23,320,280 789 52 116 205 349 696 1,054 1,534 1,858 2,588

 All ages 13,764 187,941,882 704 29 82 116 234 472 943 1,469 1,888 3,663

 Indirect <0.5 405 985,944 546 6* 28 53 307 545 797 959 1,047 1,359*

 0.5-0.9 540 1,378,567 408 3* 18 30 84 375 638 866 1,038 1,395*

 <2 1,799 5,767,714 284 2* 12 22 59 150 433 752 880 1,295*

 1-3 3,209 10,312,545 155 2 8 17 47 109 215 353 460 749

 4-6 2,685 10,384,158 169 2 6 14 48 115 234 381 502 830

 <6 6,363 19,663,731 197 2 8 18 51 120 254 483 666 1,012

 7-10 873 11,980,161 178 1* 6 14 49 115 246 413 525 777*

 11-14 645 12,272,122 228 2* 7 14 61 152 306 495 779 1,184*

 15-19 664 14,399,159 286 3* 10 20 65 178 369 672 898 1,575*

 20 + 8,201 163,381,184 592 4 29 74 219 472 795 1,202 1,549 2,778

 20-24 591 16,211,641 398 2* 11 32 118 284 537 865 1,200 1,801*

 25-54 4,349 100,921,430 608 4 28 69 201 464 807 1,277 1,639 3,074

 55-64 1,364 18,901,985 651 7 44 117 271 546 847 1,248 1,639 2,599

 65 + 1,897 27,346,128 606 8 60 134 294 533 813 1,113 1,390 2,136

 All ages 17,222 225,093,840 490 3 16 41 127 343 677 1,071 1,412 2,543

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-100

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-8

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 435 1,057,243 548 10* 29 52 209 552 814 985 1,139 1,433*

 0.5-0.9 562 1,437,057 467 3* 25 44 105 426 710 971 1,147 1,586*

 <2 1,913 6,176,837 386 3* 22 44 114 301 587 856 1,014 1,401*

 1-3 3,422 11,011,095 349 3 23 48 119 270 485 723 946 1,393

 4-6 2,916 11,352,187 442 4 29 61 152 355 607 943 1,176 1,729

 <6 6,807 21,037,341 398 4 25 51 130 315 564 842 1,051 1,573

 7-10 1,027 14,327,436 487 6* 34 72 180 382 707 993 1,241 1,942*

 11-14 759 14,432,607 641 7* 59 115 235 473 833 1,415 1,742 2,564*

 15-19 777 16,744,959 817 7* 51 99 266 608 1,065 1,671 2,161 3,862*

 20 + 8,611 172,088,785 1,176 13 103 208 524 995 1,572 2,284 2,848 4,631

 20-24 644 17,658,027 1,033 10* 68 122 359 711 1,218 2,175 3,082 5,356*

 25-54 4,599 106,779,569 1,171 14 100 201 503 965 1,561 2,326 2,926 4,735

 55-64 1,410 19,484,112 1,242 11 115 237 651 1,111 1,657 2,297 2,721 4,222

 65 + 1,958 28,167,077 1,242 24 155 310 704 1,149 1,657 2,190 2,604 3,668

 All ages 18,509 242,451,369 1,000 9 64 127 355 786 1,375 2,069 2,601 4,274

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-101

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-9

 Table A3. Community Water: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 42 1,104,709 800* - 34* 57* 172* 577* 1,365* 1,420* 1,928* 2,255*

 Indirect 63 1,552,902 354* - 12* 20* 63* 230* 458* 824* 1,238* 1,463*

 Direct and Indirect 65 1,644,007 872* - 14* 29* 116* 554* 1,424* 1,844* 2,589* 3,448*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 27 716,055 1,484* - 67* 104* 584* 1,587* 1,875* 2,630* 2,837* 3,611*

 Indirect 32 928,855 596* - 11* 103* 187* 445* 621* 1,131* 1,904* 2,643*

 Direct and Indirect 34 971,057 1,665* - 11* 158* 488* 1,646* 2,417* 2,959* 3,588* 4,098*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 1,536 38,898,732 736 42* 87 116 234 495 929 1,517 2,101 3,858*

 Indirect 1,937 49,298,637 461 3* 15 40 125 325 621 1,041 1,352 2,367*

 Direct and Indirect 2,077 52,631,773 976 9 59 134 355 752 1,301 2,013 2,614 4,430

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 1,605 40,717,432 751 41* 85 116 234 513 935 1,628 2,199 3,837*

 Indirect 2,031 51,762,240 460 3 15 40 125 325 620 1,041 1,354 2,367

 Direct and Indirect 2,176 55,244,773 985 9 58 126 355 756 1,315 2,046 2,732 4,397

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-102

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-10

 Table B1. Bottled Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 147 333,702 127 - 12* 15* 30 82 166 261* 327* 756*

 1-10 875 4,052,523 355 - 42 56 117 254 466 701 945 1,530*

 11-19 165 3,387,409 503 - 56* 99* 175 341 633 963* 1,451* 3,151*

 20 + 952 22,196,372 712 39* 105 119 263 555 940 1,434 1,874 2,730*

 All ages 2,139 29,970,006 634 28 82 113 232 468 828 1,406 1,766 2,763

 Indirect < 1 119 281,683 546 3* 29* 50* 310 464 770 1,064* 1,237* 1,400*

 1-10 289 1,421,155 172 - 11* 25 56 112 205 421 507* 802*

 11-19 40 782,949 216* - 19* 44* 74* 121* 256* 576* 697* 755*

 20 + 342 7,624,946 423 8* 58 105 177 350 583 901 1,116 1,658*

 All ages 790 10,110,733 375 5* 32 69 118 266 516 806 1,016 1,560*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 199 469,858 417 - 14* 29* 73 297 626 960* 1,217* 1,534*

 1-10 921 4,324,096 390 21* 57 85 142 291 503 823 1,068 1,619*

 11-19 167 3,445,698 544 31* 78* 115* 177 356 698 1,106* 1,539* 3,140*

 20 + 997 23,221,076 819 39* 115 146 353 690 1,065 1,747 1,975 3,060*

 All ages 2,284 31,460,728 724 30 87 118 266 532 947 1,551 1,893 3,001

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 143 384,400 122 - - 28* 53 78 149 238* 352* 500*

 1-10 846 3,820,757 350 21* 43 58 117 248 466 739 827 1,432*

 11-19 136 2,840,801 636 - 71* 99* 222 431 891 1,377* 1,764* 2,809*

 20 + 888 18,086,181 720 45* 113 134 260 522 939 1,419 1,890 3,360*

 All ages 2,013 25,132,139 645 28 84 115 232 468 873 1,409 1,822 2,923

 Indirect < 1 122 351,104 577 - 57* 125* 333 532 757 912* 1,277* 1,470*

 1-10 284 1,214,625 177 3* 14* 27 70 115 200 375 526* 1,049*

 11-19 44 942,078 258* - 11* 57* 118* 151* 345* 568* 659* 893*

 20 + 286 5,328,324 567 6* 53 114 233 355 679 1,202 1,578 3,863*

 All ages 736 7,836,131 470 5* 27 75 146 283 590 975 1,437 2,738*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 193 532,482 469 - 34* 51* 108 408 723 947* 1,103* 1,505*

 1-10 893 4,050,772 383 22* 44 66 141 294 501 827 930 1,654*

 11-19 144 2,985,423 686 35* 118* 118* 239 466 945 1,425* 1,833* 2,798*

 20 + 937 18,998,203 845 47* 116 152 337 592 1,096 1,774 2,303 3,855*

 All ages 2,167 26,566,880 749 30 89 118 254 530 998 1,616 2,095 3,779

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-103

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-11

 Table B1. Bottled Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 290 718,102 124 11* 13* 23 52 83 163 261 346* 628*

 1-10 1,721 7,873,280 353 21* 42 57 117 256 466 708 914 1,497*

 11-19 301 6,228,210 564 - 69* 104 199 379 703 1,279 1,537* 2,884*

 20 + 1,840 40,282,553 716 47 112 123 263 528 941 1,429 1,889 2,857

 All ages 4,152 55,102,145 639 28 83 114 232 468 851 1,408 1,773 2,834

 Indirect < 1 241 632,787 564 13* 48* 120 330 514 764 963 1,250* 1,474*

 1-10 573 2,635,780 174 3* 12 26 65 113 203 400 516 978*

 11-19 84 1,725,027 239 3* 16* 57* 96 141 316 588* 701* 825*

 20 + 628 12,953,270 482 7* 59 108 195 355 592 972 1,360 2,396*

 All ages 1,526 17,946,864 416 5* 31 73 126 273 556 886 1,171 1,951*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 392 1,002,340 445 13* 28* 36 88 366 688 959 1,183* 1,525*

 1-10 1,814 8,374,868 387 22* 44 73 143 293 503 827 1,006 1,649*

 11-19 311 6,431,121 610 32* 89* 118 227 438 797 1,334 1,686* 2,876*

 20 + 1,934 42,219,279 831 45 116 148 351 649 1,068 1,773 2,101 3,525

 All ages 4,451 58,027,608 736 30 89 118 266 532 975 1,567 1,964 3,312

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-104

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-12

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 65 136,531 103* - - - 28* 56* 121* 261* 291* 341*

 0.5-0.9 82 197,171 143 - 12* 19* 37 86 170 258* 364* 836*

 <2 258 739,583 169 11* 13* 24 56 109 227 351 442* 707*

 1-3 411 1,234,653 273 - 28 46 100 209 347 530 722 1,218*

 4-6 362 1,355,482 380 27* 52* 76 145 290 470 705 1,000* 1,631*

 <6 861 2,427,869 287 12* 26 45 88 204 350 583 792 1,478*

 7-10 102 1,462,388 401 - 41* 57* 129 281 540 816* 948* 1,512*

 11-14 76 1,517,140 402 - 51* 93* 140* 290 487* 704* 903* 1,747*

 15-19 89 1,870,269 585 32* 59* 97* 179 437 704 1,221* 1,545* 2,766*

 20 + 952 22,196,372 712 39* 105 119 263 555 940 1,434 1,874 2,730*

 20-24 95 2,734,804 691 27* 66* 104* 197 470 952 1,501* 1,755* 2,663*

 25-54 567 14,531,674 697 50* 107 118 236 518 936 1,499 1,878 2,746*

 55-64 138 2,120,603 753 76* 111* 167 344 600 953 1,414 1,777* 2,480*

 65 + 152 2,809,291 776 33* 113* 193 340 677 1,095 1,384 1,567* 2,297*

 All ages 2,139 29,970,006 634 28 82 113 232 468 828 1,406 1,766 2,763

 Indirect <0.5 60 135,270 571* 13* 28* 135* 357* 494* 823* 1,039* 1,129* 1,357*

 0.5-0.9 59 146,413 523* - 28* 48* 276* 430* 673* 1,059* 1,265* 1,352*

 <2 164 446,907 424 5* 25* 30* 95 360 625 957* 1,190* 1,365*

 1-3 147 458,195 186 8* 16* 26* 44 112 228 418* 605* 1,018*

 4-6 100 339,078 121 7* 14* 27* 72 90 122 221* 318* 493*

 <6 349 982,570 273 7* 20* 29 69 139 382 710 953* 1,324*

 7-10 42 623,882 190* - 5* 11* 56* 114* 244* 431* 514* 617*

 11-14 23 434,105 224* - 15* 48* 77* 119* 268* 560* 656* 746*

 15-19 17 348,844 206* - 11* 31* 69* 120* 174* 576* 656* 719*

 20 + 342 7,624,946 423 8* 58 105 177 350 583 901 1,116 1,658*

 20-24 29 789,374 216* - 91* 100* 108* 118* 231* 389* 639* 928*

 25-54 181 4,609,638 443 13* 50* 93 179 353 582 935 1,356* 1,734*

 55-64 64 1,004,218 516 - 94* 118* 287 452 616 988* 1,090* 1,325*

 65 + 68 1,221,716 405 - 36* 81* 172 371 588 710* 779* 838*

 All ages 790 10,110,733 375 5* 32 69 118 266 516 806 1,016 1,560*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-105

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-13

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 97 215,647 424 13* 14* 29* 59 321 714 940* 1,060* 1,500*

 0.5-0.9 102 254,211 412 - 13* 25* 85 273 596 954* 1,337* 1,537*

 <2 316 901,017 349 13* 16* 30 99 221 498 893 1,020* 1,521*

 1-3 431 1,303,357 324 13* 30 52 118 233 414 706 959 1,401*

 4-6 379 1,418,152 392 26* 58* 86 163 324 473 783 1,051* 1,639*

 <6 948 2,677,363 360 14* 29 58 118 261 473 820 1,016 1,547*

 7-10 111 1,602,587 440 - 51* 89* 151 303 573 912* 1,230* 1,673*

 11-14 78 1,575,429 449 - 65* 113* 172* 334 593* 855* 1,053* 1,970*

 15-19 89 1,870,269 624 34* 81* 102* 183 466 771 1,431* 1,616* 3,075*

 20 + 997 23,221,076 819 39* 115 146 353 690 1,065 1,747 1,975 3,060*

 20-24 102 2,887,052 713 28* 68* 115* 264 476 1,022 1,532* 1,861* 2,653*

 25-54 593 15,217,336 800 48* 114 143 322 665 1,035 1,695 1,922 3,225*

 55-64 144 2,205,378 959 80* 137* 183 408 828 1,331 1,898 2,315* 2,769*

 65 + 158 2,911,310 919 - 117* 233 472 770 1,317 1,764 1,998* 2,562*

 All ages 2,284 31,460,728 724 30 87 118 266 532 947 1,551 1,893 3,001

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-106

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-14

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 64 169,693 98* - 23* 29* 43* 73* 103* 166* 227* 417*

 0.5-0.9 79 214,707 141 - - 23* 55* 90 173* 334* 382* 474*

 <2 244 840,074 168 - 24* 30 56 108 224 347 413* 809*

 1-3 416 1,380,422 280 18* 27 47 111 223 350 579 700 1,411*

 4-6 344 1,232,681 392 - 53* 86 166 292 538 744 912* 1,645*

 <6 838 2,607,235 286 13* 29 53 88 229 376 601 740 1,412*

 7-10 86 1,207,654 389 - 49* 74* 113 299 493 797* 824* 1,484*

 11-14 67 1,259,086 577* - 65* 102* 199* 354* 823* 1,321* 1,541* 2,134*

 15-19 69 1,581,715 682* - 71* 95* 228* 459* 912* 1,442* 1,825* 2,875*

 20 + 888 18,086,181 720 45* 113 134 260 522 939 1,419 1,890 3,360*

 20-24 74 2,126,545 835 - 74* 111* 232 525 986 2,017* 2,347* 4,068*

 25-54 555 12,690,413 721 40* 114 138 264 524 940 1,417 1,887 3,362*

 55-64 130 1,728,210 591 83* 109* 115 216 394 844 1,270 1,501* 2,122*

 65 + 129 1,541,013 705 63* 140* 197 334 575 932 1,334 1,632* 2,373*

 All ages 2,013 25,132,139 645 28 84 115 232 468 873 1,409 1,822 2,923

 Indirect <0.5 63 172,817 659* - 66* 267* 446* 610* 763* 1,075* 1,454* 1,547*

 0.5-0.9 59 178,287 498* - 50* 115* 291* 486* 746* 821* 917* 1,097*

 <2 171 573,643 411 3* 14* 42* 97 371 630 812* 922* 1,464*

 1-3 156 520,025 177 3* 13* 20* 51 113 192 426* 580* 1,026*

 4-6 100 329,458 176 2* 24* 27* 61 115 216 380* 575* 761*

 <6 360 1,084,724 304 3* 17* 28 67 176 480 761 905* 1,446*

 7-10 28 365,142 176* - 8* 50* 77* 119* 181* 362* 374* 818*

 11-14 24 463,737 274* - 7* 11* 71* 200* 407* 556* 629* 762*

 15-19 20 478,341 242* - - 112* 121* 133* 235* 426* 624* 900*

 20 + 286 5,328,324 567 6* 53 114 233 355 679 1,202 1,578 3,863*

 20-24 14 328,198 503* - - 28* 114* 237* 376* 1,667* 1,816* 1,934*

 25-54 165 3,562,486 586 8* 42* 112 231 355 650 1,303 1,828* 4,049*

 55-64 47 601,652 488 - 4* 73* 118* 352 704* 962* 1,223* 1,361*

 65 + 60 835,988 568 - 113* 186* 254 472 710 1,097* 1,203* 1,432*

 All ages 736 7,836,131 470 5* 27 75 146 283 590 975 1,437 2,738*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-107

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-15

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 95 259,696 503 - 30* 41* 77 503 736 997* 1,439* 1,581*

 0.5-0.9 98 272,786 437 - 46* 57* 128 359 655 884* 1,053* 1,205*

 <2 305 1,040,726 362 10* 29* 45 85 244 575 804 975* 1,453*

 1-3 446 1,487,340 321 16* 29 55 114 236 442 689 827 1,407*

 4-6 355 1,267,500 427 27* 50* 85 173 352 591 853 996* 1,644*

 <6 926 2,877,201 373 18* 42 57 118 266 532 799 947 1,499*

 7-10 92 1,295,932 412 - 53* 79* 161 333 494 810* 922* 1,827*

 11-14 70 1,325,407 644* - 93* 114* 232* 456* 933* 1,378* 1,579* 2,197*

 15-19 74 1,660,016 720* - 118* 118* 242* 466* 960* 1,548* 1,858* 2,872*

 20 + 937 18,998,203 845 47* 116 152 337 592 1,096 1,774 2,303 3,855*

 20-24 77 2,202,164 882 - 81* 117* 231 533 1,158 2,044* 2,604* 4,039*

 25-54 581 13,270,018 847 36* 115 163 352 591 1,087 1,773 2,344 3,904*

 55-64 135 1,782,200 738 - 111* 116 227 480 1,056 1,504 2,115* 2,738*

 65 + 144 1,743,821 895 70* 159* 208 431 786 1,170 1,778 2,127* 2,536*

 All ages 2,167 26,566,880 749 30 89 118 254 530 998 1,616 2,095 3,779

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-108

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-16

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 129 306,224 100 - - 24* 38 69 107 223* 280* 365*

 0.5-0.9 161 411,878 142 - 13* 23* 54 88 172 327* 376* 726*

 <2 502 1,579,657 169 12* 16 27 56 109 225 351 439 800*

 1-3 827 2,615,075 277 13* 28 47 101 222 350 581 703 1,406*

 4-6 706 2,588,163 386 27* 53 80 161 291 508 732 996 1,644*

 <6 1,699 5,035,104 286 13* 28 53 88 216 354 589 768 1,419*

 7-10 188 2,670,042 396 16* 45* 72* 117 287 530 804* 926* 1,525*

 11-14 143 2,776,226 482 - 57* 102* 180 334 583 1,049* 1,365* 2,127*

 15-19 158 3,451,984 630 30* 73* 101* 214 453 824 1,401* 1,601* 2,962*

 20 + 1,840 40,282,553 716 47 112 123 263 528 941 1,429 1,889 2,857

 20-24 169 4,861,349 754 30* 77* 107 217 478 996 1,536 2,259* 2,942*

 25-54 1,122 27,222,087 708 50* 112 121 255 522 938 1,431 1,889 3,207*

 55-64 268 3,848,813 680 82* 113 127 258 516 929 1,410 1,727 2,377*

 65 + 281 4,350,304 751 34* 114 196 338 620 1,055 1,371 1,626 2,445*

 All ages 4,152 55,102,145 639 28 83 114 232 468 851 1,408 1,773 2,834

 Indirect <0.5 123 308,087 621 13* 50* 168* 419 592 811 1,048* 1,437* 1,498*

 0.5-0.9 118 324,700 509 4* 41* 54* 289 474 717 934* 1,060* 1,349*

 <2 335 1,020,550 417 4* 17* 31 97 365 625 897 1,066* 1,464*

 1-3 303 978,220 181 4* 14* 24 48 112 209 427 600* 1,034*

 4-6 200 668,536 148 3* 18* 27 69 110 177 302* 452* 652*

 <6 709 2,067,294 289 5* 18 29 69 155 429 751 921 1,408*

 7-10 70 989,024 185* - 7* 13* 73* 116* 212* 415* 505* 633*

 11-14 47 897,842 250* - 11* 43* 88* 148* 369* 585* 681* 786*

 15-19 37 827,185 227* - 38* 68* 118* 133* 236* 588* 686* 879*

 20 + 628 12,953,270 482 7* 59 108 195 355 592 972 1,360 2,396*

 20-24 43 1,117,572 300* - 37* 101* 111* 166* 249* 643* 969* 1,863*

 25-54 346 8,172,124 505 9* 49 108 207 355 592 1,022 1,473 2,655*

 55-64 111 1,605,870 505 - 71* 112* 237 434 693 981* 1,151* 1,361*

 65 + 128 2,057,704 471 7* 44* 114 238 424 626 820 1,095* 1,293*

 All ages 1,526 17,946,864 416 5* 31 73 126 273 556 886 1,171 1,951*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-109

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-17

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 192 475,343 467 14* 24* 30* 73 428 740 977* 1,208* 1,522*

 0.5-0.9 200 526,997 425 - 23* 47 114 353 630 945* 1,103* 1,413*

 <2 621 1,941,743 356 14* 29 44 88 235 522 822 1,013 1,488*

 1-3 877 2,790,697 323 14* 30 57 118 236 437 697 892 1,411*

 4-6 734 2,685,652 409 28* 58 87 174 325 530 842 1,040 1,648*

 <6 1,874 5,554,564 367 14* 35 58 118 266 503 806 1,005 1,538*

 7-10 203 2,898,519 428 19* 51* 86 163 325 538 834 1,080* 1,862*

 11-14 148 2,900,836 538 33* 86* 115* 211 359 696 1,101* 1,421* 2,192*

 15-19 163 3,530,285 669 31* 101* 118* 228 469 874 1,509* 1,778* 3,141*

 20 + 1,934 42,219,279 831 45 116 148 351 649 1,068 1,773 2,101 3,525

 20-24 179 5,089,216 786 31* 79* 116 262 532 1,065 1,640 2,343* 3,126*

 25-54 1,174 28,487,354 822 45* 115 167 330 621 1,062 1,773 1,981 3,786*

 55-64 279 3,987,578 860 75* 114 152 325 685 1,189 1,833 2,306 2,839*

 65 + 302 4,655,131 910 37* 122 234 465 785 1,182 1,766 2,074 2,548*

 All ages 4,451 58,027,608 736 30 89 118 266 532 975 1,567 1,964 3,312

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-110

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-18

 Table B3. Bottled Water: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 25 651,202 803* - 46* 103* 205* 598* 1,297* 1,555* 1,720* 1,858*

 Indirect 9 273,435 353* - - 16* 76* 206* 580* 637* 824* 975*

 Direct and Indirect 27 696,859 889* - 52* 144* 288* 675* 1,284* 1,910* 1,957* 2,193*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 6 198,034 501* - - - 76* 225* 655* 1,047* 1,174* 1,276*

 Indirect 4 164,884 662* - - - 253* 705* 845* 906* 927* 943*

 Direct and Indirect 7 278,308 749* - - - 225* 608* 1,005* 1,144* 1,223* 1,286*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 556 14,765,332 686 47* 89 116 235 475 933 1,462 1,863 2,798*

 Indirect 159 4,189,959 360 7* 38* 85* 118 237 490 784* 956* 1,466*

 Direct and Indirect 577 15,294,142 761 36* 91 118 290 591 996 1,576 1,910 3,153*

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 587 15,614,568 689 38* 87 116 234 476 935 1,470 1,861 2,783*

 Indirect 172 4,628,278 370 2* 38* 86* 118 237 509 811* 959* 1,460*

 Direct and Indirect 611 16,269,309 767 35* 92 118 293 592 1,025 1,599 1,922 3,091*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-111

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-19

 Table C1. Other Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 30 71,281 155* - 16* 30* 52* 105* 186* 293* 431* 555*

 1-10 390 1,877,916 330 23* 43* 68 115 231 425 768 871* 1,117*

 11-19 108 2,247,194 538 - 56* 129* 204 353 691 1,112* 1,511* 2,549*

 20 + 514 9,840,416 629 41* 111 134 243 472 877 1,299 1,626 2,113*

 All ages 1,042 14,036,807 572 29* 82 115 232 413 798 1,177 1,493 2,124*

 Indirect < 1 52 119,216 414* 4* 7* 11* 78* 393* 654* 826* 905* 1,098*

 1-10 400 1,847,012 162 3* 8 14 43 100 228 393 458 654*

 11-19 102 2,057,996 194 - 5* 18* 67 118 257 410* 721* 787*

 20 + 552 10,707,161 585 6* 35 89 207 421 767 1,140 1,502 2,715*

 All ages 1,106 14,731,385 476 4* 22 40 118 312 653 1,038 1,336 2,527*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 60 139,746 432* - 30* 52* 134* 405* 665* 897* 1,019* 1,235*

 1-10 487 2,286,234 402 8* 38 65 151 334 584 865 1,034 1,260*

 11-19 127 2,590,880 621 - 84* 143* 235 395 825 1,343* 1,872* 2,506*

 20 + 616 11,910,701 1,046 24* 124 237 498 941 1,439 1,925 2,371 3,123*

 All ages 1,290 16,927,561 889 9* 89 148 340 709 1,255 1,826 2,224 3,034*

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 40 116,950 138* - - 16* 42* 65* 115* 218* 318* 1,069*

 1-10 390 2,084,731 345 27* 56* 58 116 263 468 747 815* 1,276*

 11-19 81 1,555,782 563 - 92* 127* 190 372 781 1,156* 1,538* 2,149*

 20 + 637 10,552,786 758 25* 73 117 236 518 1,021 1,557 1,892 3,266*

 All ages 1,148 14,310,249 671 27* 59 113 225 468 912 1,414 1,858 3,119*

 Indirect < 1 60 181,249 455* 20* 28* 54* 133* 404* 692* 958* 1,019* 1,160*

 1-10 409 2,041,035 168 1* 4 8 33 100 235 399 562 946*

 11-19 88 1,695,894 310 - 10* 45* 108 227 392 713* 933* 1,014*

 20 + 675 11,132,716 708 9* 26 85 230 556 993 1,475 1,886 3,288*

 All ages 1,232 15,050,894 587 3* 20 45 137 408 809 1,286 1,727 2,929*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 73 215,170 458* - 29* 46* 136* 398* 566* 963* 1,081* 1,770*

 1-10 492 2,533,181 420 6* 29 59 148 315 591 903 1,081 1,657*

 11-19 103 1,996,206 702 2* 54* 177* 310 564 942 1,367* 1,753* 2,787*

 20 + 777 13,103,334 1,212 24* 118 221 530 1,001 1,660 2,286 3,017 4,883*

 All ages 1,445 17,847,891 1,034 15* 89 148 348 798 1,420 2,108 2,820 4,734*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-112

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-20

 Table C1. Other Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 70 188,231 144* 11* 13* 19* 48* 82* 124* 236* 413* 981*

 1-10 780 3,962,647 338 27* 53 59 116 236 465 759 828 1,120*

 11-19 189 3,802,976 548 15* 79* 129* 202 354 718 1,157* 1,556* 2,547*

 20 + 1,151 20,393,202 696 27* 88 124 241 496 936 1,414 1,851 2,954*

 All ages 2,190 28,347,056 622 28 68 114 231 456 827 1,375 1,721 2,912

 Indirect < 1 112 300,465 439 5* 13* 28* 130 402 675 886* 972* 1,162*

 1-10 809 3,888,047 165 2* 5 13 40 100 231 395 519 876*

 11-19 190 3,753,890 246 2* 6* 28* 88 178 326 610* 756* 1,009*

 20 + 1,227 21,839,877 648 7* 31 88 218 483 873 1,319 1,774 2,924*

 All ages 2,338 29,782,279 532 4 20 43 126 355 742 1,177 1,533 2,785

 Direct and Indirect < 1 133 354,916 448 - 29* 50* 137 400 647 959* 1,082* 1,479*

 1-10 979 4,819,415 411 8* 33 64 148 323 585 876 1,054 1,556*

 11-19 230 4,587,086 656 4* 86* 147 271 444 853 1,363 1,877* 2,777*

 20 + 1,393 25,014,035 1,133 24 118 236 503 969 1,532 2,148 2,728 4,619

 All ages 2,735 34,775,452 963 13 89 148 347 741 1,344 1,970 2,468 3,814

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-113

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-21

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 13 24,810 84* - - 22* 49* 70* 107* 115* 118* 182*

 0.5-0.9 17 46,471 193* - 18* 32* 46* 113* 216* 389* 480* 568*

 <2 64 176,314 207* - 25* 39* 56* 110* 221* 488* 756* 940*

 1-3 179 456,893 271 10* 26* 43* 86 181 379 549* 777* 1,025*

 4-6 151 560,850 316 - 34* 54* 127 222 424 703* 783* 1,332*

 <6 333 877,362 295 13* 38* 54 105 222 401 696 813* 1,265*

 7-10 60 860,173 369* - 66* 81* 116* 252* 555* 841* 885* 1,075*

 11-14 55 1,062,288 527* - 35* 128* 206* 354* 703* 1,089* 1,149* 2,096*

 15-19 53 1,184,906 548* - 85* 128* 188* 353* 629* 1,424* 1,700* 2,319*

 20 + 514 9,840,416 629 41* 111 134 243 472 877 1,299 1,626 2,113*

 20-24 25 606,174 447* - 51* 88* 167* 293* 709* 839* 951* 1,437*

 25-54 261 5,749,517 618 37* 83 117 234 466 906 1,335 1,634 2,157*

 55-64 118 1,666,945 664 - 116* 153* 295 471 878 1,352* 1,637* 1,997*

 65 + 110 1,817,780 693 92* 150* 221* 340 651 889 1,178* 1,402* 1,918*

 All ages 1,042 14,036,807 572 29* 82 115 232 413 798 1,177 1,493 2,124*

 Indirect <0.5 28 50,117 564* - 68* 180* 328* 557* 795* 832* 984* 1,139*

 0.5-0.9 24 69,099 305* - - 8* 14* 135* 545* 754* 887* 947*

 <2 92 249,326 266 1* 5* 7* 28 124 413 731* 874* 1,217*

 1-3 189 491,603 149 - 5* 8* 43 87 188 349* 441* 994*

 4-6 149 533,229 145 1* 8* 14* 47 99 211 312* 431* 654*

 <6 363 922,537 178 1* 6* 9 43 99 218 435 658* 1,168*

 7-10 62 822,180 181* - 13* 15* 42* 113* 286* 397* 466* 585*

 11-14 57 1,057,577 237* - 4* 7* 79* 138* 277* 711* 755* 897*

 15-19 45 1,000,419 148* - 5* 21* 39* 118* 216* 325* 344* 481*

 20 + 552 10,707,161 585 6* 35 89 207 421 767 1,140 1,502 2,715*

 20-24 24 599,425 353* - 14* 29* 72* 154* 444* 1,000* 1,096* 1,217*

 25-54 291 6,464,606 611 5* 29 88 178 375 780 1,316 1,894 2,824*

 55-64 122 1,734,177 569 - 89* 131* 266 475 739 1,014* 1,193* 1,875*

 65 + 115 1,908,953 585 6* 53* 128* 291 587 828 1,013* 1,256* 1,448*

 All ages 1,106 14,731,385 476 4* 22 40 118 312 653 1,038 1,336 2,527*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-114

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-22

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 31 58,860 516* - 53* 96* 217* 476* 726* 907* 1,010* 1,144*

 0.5-0.9 29 80,886 372* - - 30* 117* 248* 525* 703* 1,014* 1,297*

 <2 107 294,705 349 7* 8* 32* 106 210 501 890* 1,035* 1,477*

 1-3 222 576,271 342 3* 22* 44 116 235 471 755 1,021* 1,258*

 4-6 192 708,120 360 8* 30* 44* 130 264 456 726* 1,020* 1,633*

 <6 440 1,144,445 370 7* 21 50 117 277 487 792 1,023 1,515*

 7-10 73 1,001,843 465* 18* 70* 100* 206* 383* 685* 913* 1,046* 1,108*

 11-14 67 1,307,654 620* - 16* 119* 232* 436* 821* 1,290* 1,745* 2,365*

 15-19 60 1,283,226 621* 18* 105* 144* 234* 392* 822* 1,638* 1,912* 2,356*

 20 + 616 11,910,701 1,046 24* 124 237 498 941 1,439 1,925 2,371 3,123*

 20-24 34 828,221 583* - 35* 49* 159* 496* 864* 1,185* 1,297* 1,663*

 25-54 324 7,109,491 1,056 21* 120 218 470 830 1,461 2,073 2,544 3,642*

 55-64 132 1,856,456 1,128 - 238* 342 707 1,072 1,466 1,874 2,250* 2,787*

 65 + 126 2,116,533 1,123 39* 288* 394 648 1,073 1,440 1,833 2,206* 2,508*

 All ages 1,290 16,927,561 889 9* 89 148 340 709 1,255 1,826 2,224 3,034*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-115

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-23

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 13 38,492 202* - 16* 20* 35* 71* 111* 146* 731* 1,282*

 0.5-0.9 27 78,458 106* - - - 45* 58* 117* 221* 291* 342*

 <2 79 267,255 190 - 16* 25* 57* 106 232* 381* 462* 1,019*

 1-3 175 527,442 301 24* 38* 58* 108 231 403 601* 705* 1,248*

 4-6 148 594,237 329 - 56* 59* 143 259 409 626* 744* 1,006*

 <6 337 1,028,997 292 - 29* 56 88 224 384 596 706* 1,314*

 7-10 67 963,052 380* - 46* 56* 120* 327* 515* 805* 822* 1,243*

 11-14 45 813,508 645* - 92* 120* 218* 465* 878* 1,170* 1,693* 2,074*

 15-19 36 742,274 473* - 54* 124* 179* 267* 603* 1,048* 1,243* 1,814*

 20 + 637 10,552,786 758 25* 73 117 236 518 1,021 1,557 1,892 3,266*

 20-24 28 873,922 580* - 70* 97* 204* 299* 803* 1,401* 1,588* 1,867*

 25-54 316 6,531,594 720 - 70 115 230 470 941 1,419 1,877 3,170*

 55-64 119 1,337,857 800 - 63* 108* 334 565 937 1,555* 2,261* 3,596*

 65 + 174 1,809,413 948 23* 111* 243 471 776 1,196 1,775 2,108* 3,100*

 All ages 1,148 14,310,249 671 27* 59 113 225 468 912 1,414 1,858 3,119*

 Indirect <0.5 24 74,574 490* - - 86* 317* 401* 678* 1,000* 1,141* 1,170*

 0.5-0.9 36 106,675 430* - 23* 35* 88* 446* 673* 927* 961* 1,016*

 <2 102 341,109 287 - 5* 13* 43 133 436 773* 959* 1,145*

 1-3 194 569,529 132 2* 8* 15* 33 90 173 280* 425* 659*

 4-6 146 527,977 164 1* 3* 4* 41 98 216 434* 553* 902*

 <6 376 1,098,662 200 2* 13* 22 43 110 259 511 764* 984*

 7-10 69 943,529 192* 3* 4* 6* 29* 109* 249* 413* 552* 1,091*

 11-14 49 859,934 344* - 29* 69* 108* 215* 448* 925* 993* 1,021*

 15-19 39 835,960 274* - 5* 13* 106* 221* 389* 591* 671* 758*

 20 + 675 11,132,716 708 9* 26 85 230 556 993 1,475 1,886 3,288*

 20-24 22 659,873 256* - 10* 18* 102* 143* 269* 597* 640* 1,339*

 25-54 346 7,082,778 733 6* 26 72 233 584 1,001 1,495 1,960 3,502*

 55-64 127 1,493,157 877 - 167* 219 377 679 1,259 1,555 2,297* 3,452*

 65 + 180 1,896,908 643 2* 78* 121 241 560 910 1,224 1,560* 2,115*

 All ages 1,232 15,050,894 587 3* 20 45 137 408 809 1,286 1,727 2,929*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-116

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-24

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 29 88,805 499* - 30* 40* 142* 399* 555* 931* 1,204* 2,256*

 0.5-0.9 44 126,365 429* - 24* 45* 124* 353* 568* 963* 1,031* 1,118*

 <2 124 414,403 359 5* 15* 30* 107 296 480 763* 1,006* 1,214*

 1-3 233 702,142 333 6* 19* 38 115 247 469 710 848* 1,273*

 4-6 180 709,052 398 - 13* 58* 160 284 545 786* 1,080* 1,315*

 <6 453 1,358,514 383 9* 29 58 135 297 545 766 1,002 1,512*

 7-10 79 1,121,987 487 - 56* 87* 174* 400 753* 1,024* 1,243* 1,770*

 11-14 54 931,270 881* - 90* 244* 345* 680* 1,120* 1,724* 2,067* 2,859*

 15-19 49 1,064,936 545* - 44* 141* 269* 390* 714* 969* 1,374* 1,806*

 20 + 777 13,103,334 1,212 24* 118 221 530 1,001 1,660 2,286 3,017 4,883*

 20-24 33 981,604 688* - 76* 105* 231* 433* 1,091* 1,484* 1,767* 1,969*

 25-54 407 8,371,263 1,182 17* 118 207 479 952 1,631 2,213 2,992 4,735*

 55-64 140 1,648,120 1,443 109* 250* 354 681 1,176 1,895 2,880 3,660* 5,693*

 65 + 197 2,102,347 1,396 31* 157* 313 710 1,331 1,785 2,397 3,000* 4,694*

 All ages 1,445 17,847,891 1,034 15* 89 148 348 798 1,420 2,108 2,820 4,734*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-117

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-25

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 26 63,302 156* - 15* 20* 43* 78* 111* 134* 339* 1,204*

 0.5-0.9 44 124,929 138* - 13* 18* 51* 84* 166* 291* 405* 527*

 <2 143 443,569 197 12* 19* 29* 58 111 228 417* 564* 984*

 1-3 354 984,335 287 14* 29* 56 103 224 401 589 765* 1,044*

 4-6 299 1,155,087 323 - 44* 58 133 234 412 665 757* 1,256*

 <6 670 1,906,359 293 14* 37 56 101 223 400 622 770 1,297*

 7-10 127 1,823,225 375 - 51* 67* 116 270 541 814* 867* 1,092*

 11-14 100 1,875,796 578 - 80* 122* 211 416 759 1,123* 1,234* 2,968*

 15-19 89 1,927,180 519 - 69* 128* 185 352 638 1,205* 1,545* 2,449*

 20 + 1,151 20,393,202 696 27* 88 124 241 496 936 1,414 1,851 2,954*

 20-24 53 1,480,096 525 - 72* 113* 214 310 741 1,122* 1,492* 1,860*

 25-54 577 12,281,111 672 - 74 116 234 470 931 1,410 1,832 2,927*

 55-64 237 3,004,802 724 - 112* 137 330 524 926 1,416 1,865* 3,348*

 65 + 284 3,627,193 820 29* 139 230 386 700 1,031 1,434 1,856 3,039*

 All ages 2,190 28,347,056 622 28 68 114 231 456 827 1,375 1,721 2,912

 Indirect <0.5 52 124,691 520* 5* 61* 120* 325* 403* 699* 936* 1,146* 1,171*

 0.5-0.9 60 175,774 381* - 9* 14* 67* 383* 586* 885* 960* 1,006*

 <2 194 590,435 278 1* 6* 10* 37 133 429 766* 942* 1,162*

 1-3 383 1,061,132 140 2* 6* 13 38 90 175 308 438* 750*

 4-6 295 1,061,206 155 1* 4* 9 43 98 213 372 498* 886*

 <6 739 2,021,199 190 2* 7 15 43 105 231 459 704 1,026*

 7-10 131 1,765,709 187 3* 5* 13* 32 115 282 401* 572* 801*

 11-14 106 1,917,511 285 - 6* 29* 89 199 340 753* 954* 1,024*

 15-19 84 1,836,379 206 - 8* 21* 68 146 287 403* 585* 729*

 20 + 1,227 21,839,877 648 7* 31 88 218 483 873 1,319 1,774 2,924*

 20-24 46 1,259,298 302* - 13* 22* 94* 151* 406* 732* 1,034* 1,303*

 25-54 637 13,547,384 675 5* 27 76 197 477 886 1,423 1,950 3,006*

 55-64 249 3,227,334 712 15* 101 196 326 556 945 1,408 1,590 2,906*

 65 + 295 3,805,861 614 5* 60 122 271 574 883 1,097 1,332 1,981*

 All ages 2,338 29,782,279 532 4 20 43 126 355 742 1,177 1,533 2,785

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-118

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-26

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 60 147,665 506* - 33* 59* 193* 401* 677* 929* 1,178* 2,030*

 0.5-0.9 73 207,251 407* - 16* 31* 121* 300* 563* 961* 1,032* 1,144*

 <2 231 709,108 355 7* 13* 31 107 249 496 792 1,033* 1,393*

 1-3 455 1,278,413 337 6* 22 43 116 238 471 710 917 1,295*

 4-6 372 1,417,172 379 1* 24* 55 147 285 501 769 1,065* 1,524*

 <6 893 2,502,959 377 7* 29 56 128 295 507 776 1,017 1,524*

 7-10 152 2,123,830 477 23* 62* 99* 180 387 716 973* 1,090* 1,652*

 11-14 121 2,238,924 729 2* 80* 171* 303 550 994 1,545* 1,885* 3,116*

 15-19 109 2,348,162 587 9* 89* 144* 236 395 799 1,219* 1,721* 2,400*

 20 + 1,393 25,014,035 1,133 24 118 236 503 969 1,532 2,148 2,728 4,619

 20-24 67 1,809,825 640 30* 50* 94* 230 472 912 1,305* 1,648* 1,937*

 25-54 731 15,480,754 1,124 22* 118 213 474 917 1,537 2,175 2,834 4,728*

 55-64 272 3,504,576 1,276 82* 264 354 706 1,110 1,582 2,365 2,916 5,152*

 65 + 323 4,218,880 1,259 59* 214 360 680 1,188 1,660 2,136 2,470 3,707*

 All ages 2,735 34,775,452 963 13 89 148 347 741 1,344 1,970 2,468 3,814

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-119

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-27

 Table C3. Other Sources: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 5 130,533 827* - - - 120* 243* 872* 1,412* 2,000* 3,239*

 Indirect 6 151,464 473* - - - 91* 238* 541* 895* 1,012* 1,107*

 Direct and Indirect 7 168,433 1,066* - - - 211* 660* 1,318* 1,676* 1,807* 3,374*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 6 159,015 783* - - - - 563* 968* 1,448* 1,567* 1,662*

 Indirect 7 182,414 565* - - 96* 168* 268* 955* 1,030* 1,072* 1,106*

 Direct and Indirect 7 182,414 1,248* - - - 348* 915* 1,667* 2,148* 2,410* 2,620*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 217 5,246,702 556 30* 59* 115 231 385 704 1,154 1,585* 2,238*

 Indirect 227 5,554,171 501 4* 23* 36 110 279 610 1,138 1,565* 2,826*

 Direct and Indirect 269 6,395,295 891 11* 88* 144 317 633 1,169 1,860 2,286* 3,006*

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 228 5,536,250 569 31* 59* 115 231 392 707 1,216 1,639* 2,340*

 Indirect 240 5,888,049 502 4* 24* 36 112 273 622 1,134 1,508* 2,820*

 Direct and Indirect 283 6,746,142 905 13* 88* 145 320 667 1,209 1,863 2,319* 3,069*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-120

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-28

 Table D1. Missing Source: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 8 25,769 58* - - 15* 18* 23* 112* 116* 117* 118*

 1-10 126 638,528 203 - 24* 38* 59 116 263 442* 564* 812*

 11-19 32 734,987 396* - 25* 41* 95* 166* 330* 1,339* 1,419* 1,938*

 20 + 139 2,877,197 432 15* 51* 80 125 230 477 937 1,321* 2,114*

 All ages 305 4,276,481 390 12* 43* 56 114 205 451 886 1,362* 2,048*

 Indirect < 1 2 2,503 480* - - - - 376* 467* 522* 540* 555*

 1-10 20 101,696 96* 2* 4* 8* 17* 44* 121* 184* 297* 424*

 11-19 6 151,187 82* - - - 11* 17* 63* 117* 135* 630*

 20 + 45 836,217 412* - 28* 60* 118* 288* 554* 836* 1,412* 1,474*

 All ages 73 1,091,603 337* - 16* 19* 64* 173* 482* 825* 1,156* 1,447*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 10 28,272 95* - - 15* 18* 26* 114* 118* 352* 517*

 1-10 137 698,348 199 - 17* 27* 54 118 255 460* 577* 948*

 11-19 33 740,307 410* - 27* 46* 107* 192* 349* 1,324* 1,418* 1,937*

 20 + 166 3,334,525 476 22* 51* 78 123 237 624 1,058 1,570* 2,261*

 All ages 346 4,801,452 424 13* 41* 56 118 233 487 1,028 1,446* 2,188*

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 12 27,868 40* - - 8* 15* 21* 37* 54* 106* 163*

 1-10 131 654,633 156 16* 24* 27* 55 113 174 305* 606* 691*

 11-19 27 692,020 320* - 49* 59* 155* 258* 352* 620* 677* 955*

 20 + 144 2,834,667 423 - 33* 54 116 229 526 946 1,403* 2,038*

 All ages 314 4,209,188 362 23* 29* 56 113 209 467 844 1,224* 1,872*

 Indirect < 1 4 13,999 418* - - - - 100* 878* 1,047* 1,093* 1,130*

 1-10 27 131,777 190* - - - 22* 116* 270* 384* 507* 916*

 11-19 8 183,430 294* - - - 89* 233* 485* 503* 546* 591*

 20 + 50 896,412 578 7* 48* 105* 195 352 728 1,362* 1,529* 2,127*

 All ages 89 1,225,618 492 3* 19* 53* 135 319 645 1,182* 1,429* 2,003*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 16 41,867 166* - - 8* 14* 26* 152* 367* 1,000* 1,112*

 1-10 147 730,891 174 - 25* 28* 55 116 234 329* 640* 1,032*

 11-19 31 775,340 355* - 40* 55* 118* 256* 405* 729* 1,027* 1,150*

 20 + 169 3,235,903 531 8* 37* 58 118 276 686 1,362 1,849* 2,719*

 All ages 363 4,784,001 445 9* 29* 55 118 237 502 1,228 1,526* 2,261*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-121

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-29

 Table D1. Missing Source: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 20 53,637 49* - 8* 11* 17* 22* 44* 115* 118* 164*

 1-10 257 1,293,161 179 - 24* 28 57 114 230 409 590* 800*

 11-19 59 1,427,007 359* 17* 56* 58* 109* 230* 351* 671* 1,376* 1,813*

 20 + 283 5,711,864 428 13* 45 74 117 230 502 945 1,392 2,173*

 All ages 619 8,485,669 376 20* 38 57 113 206 468 885 1,293 2,026*

 Indirect < 1 6 16,502 428* - - - 11* 138* 671* 1,030* 1,085* 1,129*

 1-10 47 233,473 149* 2* 4* 11* 21* 95* 180* 365* 458* 773*

 11-19 14 334,617 198* - 2* 8* 16* 118* 282* 497* 532* 684*

 20 + 95 1,732,629 498 12* 44* 63* 119 325 671 1,200* 1,433* 1,812*

 All ages 162 2,317,221 419 2* 16* 30* 118 284 562 960* 1,402* 1,714*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 26 70,139 138* - 7* 9* 17* 26* 116* 179* 892* 1,093*

 1-10 284 1,429,239 187 - 18* 28 57 118 235 444 623* 950*

 11-19 64 1,515,647 382* - 51* 58* 118* 248* 365* 995* 1,336* 1,797*

 20 + 335 6,570,428 503 13* 46 78 118 266 668 1,249 1,663 2,364*

 All ages 709 9,585,453 434 12* 30 57 118 236 501 1,148 1,459 2,253*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-122

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-30

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 2 3,706 18* - - - - - 18* 21* 21* 22*

 0.5-0.9 6 22,063 65* - - - - 27* 113* 116* 117* 118*

 <2 21 70,492 84* - 16* 18* 25* 57* 116* 141* 159* 174*

 1-3 57 166,648 115* - 16* 22* 41* 59* 116* 175* 399* 600*

 4-6 46 165,011 227* - 24* 29* 55* 159* 259* 509* 663* 865*

 <6 103 329,071 167 - 20* 25* 46 87 179 423* 572* 805*

 7-10 23 306,869 238* - 30* 59* 71* 136* 333* 443* 546* 744*

 11-14 16 318,618 264* - - - 100* 144* 298* 550* 585* 813*

 15-19 16 416,369 498* - 18* 27* 55* 167* 392* 1,413* 1,695* 1,995*

 20 + 139 2,877,197 432 15* 51* 80 125 230 477 937 1,321* 2,114*

 20-24 11 305,485 477* - - 96* 128* 218* 382* 1,063* 1,360* 1,597*

 25-54 85 1,916,388 442 - 48* 81* 128 235 476 950* 1,276* 2,339*

 55-64 18 312,729 454* - - - 162* 222* 645* 943* 1,148* 1,365*

 65 + 25 342,595 316* - 30* 37* 59* 145* 355* 696* 864* 1,442*

 All ages 305 4,276,481 390 12* 43* 56 114 205 451 886 1,362* 2,048*

 Indirect <0.5 1 777 307* - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 1 1,726 559* - - - - - - - - -

 <2 5 13,388 141* - - - - 53* 89* 363* 461* 539*

 1-3 13 41,207 99* - 7* 15* 29* 50* 93* 207* 280* 423*

 4-6 4 19,046 171* - - - - 131* 171* 288* 329* 362*

 <6 19 62,756 136* - 11* 23* 39* 65* 165* 343* 410* 522*

 7-10 3 41,443 58* - - - - - 54* 95* 109* 120*

 11-14 4 95,141 70* - - - - 16* 26* 40* 127* 685*

 15-19 2 56,046 102* - - - - 44* 92* 121* 131* 139*

 20 + 45 836,217 412* - 28* 60* 118* 288* 554* 836* 1,412* 1,474*

 20-24 3 61,209 154* - - - - 118* 140* 198* 217* 233*

 25-54 21 437,842 358* - - 29* 65* 249* 477* 716* 835* 1,400*

 55-64 6 84,708 678* - - - 172* 645* 778* 1,155* 1,289* 1,388*

 65 + 15 252,458 480* - 72* 103* 119* 297* 554* 1,140* 1,405* 1,443*

 All ages 73 1,091,603 337* - 16* 19* 64* 173* 482* 825* 1,156* 1,447*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-123

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-31

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 3 4,483 68* - - - - 16* 21* 143* 225* 290*

 0.5-0.9 7 23,789 100* - - - - 28* 114* 118* 255* 498*

 <2 25 78,210 100* - 16* 19* 26* 71* 116* 180* 211* 445*

 1-3 66 196,322 118* - 22* 27* 40* 61* 118* 213* 389* 812*

 4-6 47 169,568 240* - 24* 29* 56* 164* 263* 498* 737* 924*

 <6 115 365,805 174 - 21* 26* 45 87 195 444* 588* 932*

 7-10 24 332,458 227* - 16* 18* 66* 117* 318* 540* 575* 812*

 11-14 17 323,938 280* - - 96* 110* 146* 314* 582* 701* 871*

 15-19 16 416,369 512* - 19* 30* 60* 203* 392* 1,413* 1,695* 1,995*

 20 + 166 3,334,525 476 22* 51* 78 123 237 624 1,058 1,570* 2,261*

 20-24 13 345,494 449* - - 108* 121* 216* 370* 1,088* 1,372* 1,599*

 25-54 95 2,111,177 476 - 43* 78* 127 298 620 1,032* 1,353* 2,337*

 55-64 22 360,579 553* - - 118* 143* 225* 707* 1,421* 1,690* 2,115*

 65 + 36 517,275 444* - 34* 45* 98* 177* 530* 1,021* 1,597* 2,033*

 All ages 346 4,801,452 424 13* 41* 56 118 233 487 1,028 1,446* 2,188*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-124

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-32

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 5 12,318 29* - - - 16* 23* 34* 40* 42* 44*

 0.5-0.9 7 15,550 49* - - 9* 14* 19* 43* 98* 137* 169*

 <2 29 113,267 109* - 13* 18* 27* 57* 126* 212* 271* 479*

 1-3 62 205,736 133* - 20* 24* 43* 82* 147* 276* 365* 632*

 4-6 54 236,423 150* - - - 50* 113* 182* 260* 382* 700*

 <6 117 397,182 126 9* 20* 24* 38 81 148 266* 314* 637*

 7-10 15 212,474 185* - - 31* 73* 114* 157* 395* 640* 660*

 11-14 13 303,574 248* - - 48* 116* 222* 322* 386* 443* 500*

 15-19 14 388,446 376* - 63* 78* 192* 264* 459* 673* 809* 990*

 20 + 144 2,834,667 423 - 33* 54 116 229 526 946 1,403* 2,038*

 20-24 16 400,942 465* - 113* 117* 179* 418* 615* 805* 876* 932*

 25-54 81 1,808,510 431 - - 42* 108 219 486 1,172* 1,535* 2,099*

 55-64 21 272,640 265* - - 41* 87* 144* 359* 642* 759* 865*

 65 + 26 352,575 458* - - 60* 102* 159* 505* 1,248* 1,543* 2,020*

 All ages 314 4,209,188 362 23* 29* 56 113 209 467 844 1,224* 1,872*

 Indirect <0.5 1 982 910* - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 3 13,017 381* - - - - 85* 235* 778* 959* 1,104*

 <2 10 42,234 351* - - 8* 15* 95* 493* 1,066* 1,116* 1,135*

 1-3 18 64,729 251* - 12* 15* 25* 114* 360* 507* 646* 1,011*

 4-6 6 17,342 148* - - - 31* 107* 171* 260* 307* 345*

 <6 27 93,328 259* - 9* 14* 26* 115* 356* 515* 1,046* 1,129*

 7-10 3 49,706 126* - - - - 48* 149* 229* 256* 277*

 11-14 2 32,246 389* - - - - - 378* 441* 462* 479*

 15-19 6 151,184 274* - - - 64* 170* 350* 509* 556* 593*

 20 + 50 896,412 578 7* 48* 105* 195 352 728 1,362* 1,529* 2,127*

 20-24 2 85,388 553* - - - - - 545* 764* 836* 895*

 25-54 31 619,967 511* 3* 38* 81* 180* 326* 649* 1,302* 1,388* 1,968*

 55-64 5 54,387 596* - - - - 359* 857* 1,065* 1,114* 1,153*

 65 + 12 136,670 890* - - - 149* 504* 1,133* 1,612* 1,718* 4,061*

 All ages 89 1,225,618 492 3* 19* 53* 135 319 645 1,182* 1,429* 2,003*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-125

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-33

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 6 13,300 94* - - 8* 16* 25* 37* 43* 324* 792*

 0.5-0.9 10 28,567 200* - 7* 8* 12* 25* 178* 346* 743* 1,060*

 <2 36 136,685 198* - 9* 15* 27* 77* 175* 441* 1,058* 1,233*

 1-3 72 235,340 185* 11* 18* 27* 43* 83* 230* 496* 643* 1,152*

 4-6 58 248,837 153* - 27* 29* 50* 114* 182* 284* 369* 706*

 <6 135 453,199 163 8* 18* 27* 38 84 177 323* 519* 1,130*

 7-10 17 246,714 185* - - 12* 58* 115* 237* 323* 636* 660*

 11-14 14 324,873 271* - - 48* 123* 250* 349* 380* 435* 839*

 15-19 17 450,467 416* - 12* 71* 108* 258* 586* 921* 1,082* 1,165*

 20 + 169 3,235,903 531 8* 37* 58 118 276 686 1,362 1,849* 2,719*

 20-24 16 400,942 583* - 113* 117* 179* 418* 751* 1,214* 1,315* 1,392*

 25-54 97 2,098,230 523 6* 23* 55* 122 282 585 1,365* 1,833* 2,322*

 55-64 24 317,585 329* - - 44* 65* 147* 423* 732* 873* 1,760*

 65 + 32 419,146 675* - - 69* 118* 230* 733* 1,862* 2,085* 4,010*

 All ages 363 4,784,001 445 9* 29* 55 118 237 502 1,228 1,526* 2,261*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-126

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-34

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 7 16,024 27* - - 8* 14* 20* 31* 39* 42* 44*

 0.5-0.9 13 37,613 58* - 9* 14* 17* 23* 111* 117* 129* 168*

 <2 50 183,759 99* - 15* 19* 26* 58* 117* 172* 234* 419*

 1-3 119 372,384 125 - 22* 25* 42 77 145 268* 396* 636*

 4-6 100 401,434 182 16* 25* 29* 52 117 204 405* 626* 823*

 <6 220 726,253 145 10* 20* 24 42 84 170 289 468* 733*

 7-10 38 519,343 216* - 27* 46* 71* 116* 325* 460* 617* 730*

 11-14 29 622,192 256* - 48* 60* 103* 183* 318* 480* 552* 743*

 15-19 30 804,815 439* - 25* 41* 122* 239* 455* 1,215* 1,414* 1,925*

 20 + 283 5,711,864 428 13* 45 74 117 230 502 945 1,392 2,173*

 20-24 27 706,427 470* - 111* 115* 145* 317* 608* 919* 1,023* 1,530*

 25-54 166 3,724,898 437 10* 36* 67 118 233 498 979 1,399* 2,444*

 55-64 39 585,369 366* - 42* 61* 117* 204* 456* 848* 964* 1,318*

 65 + 51 695,170 388 - 35* 45* 96 148 490 942* 1,294* 1,914*

 All ages 619 8,485,669 376 20* 38 57 113 206 468 885 1,293 2,026*

 Indirect <0.5 2 1,759 643* - - - - 370* 640* 802* 856* 899*

 0.5-0.9 4 14,743 402* - - - - 111* 508* 892* 1,016* 1,115*

 <2 15 55,622 300* - - 10* 18* 74* 472* 1,004* 1,109* 1,134*

 1-3 31 105,936 192* 3* 13* 18* 28* 78* 316* 459* 513* 953*

 4-6 10 36,388 160* - - - 43* 146* 176* 358* 364* 369*

 <6 46 156,084 210* 3* 12* 19* 39* 101* 324* 482* 837* 1,123*

 7-10 6 91,149 95* - - - 7* 25* 120* 187* 235* 273*

 11-14 6 127,387 150* - - - 15* 18* 124* 386* 469* 742*

 15-19 8 207,230 228* - - 3* 58* 133* 264* 470* 538* 589*

 20 + 95 1,732,629 498 12* 44* 63* 119 325 671 1,200* 1,433* 1,812*

 20-24 5 146,597 387* - - - 118* 250* 289* 659* 784* 884*

 25-54 52 1,057,809 448 7* 30* 52* 129 326 597 932* 1,362* 1,779*

 55-64 11 139,095 646* - - - 105* 710* 798* 1,168* 1,210* 1,372*

 65 + 27 389,128 624* - 96* 118* 119* 321* 814* 1,449* 1,523* 2,815*

 All ages 162 2,317,221 419 2* 16* 30* 118 284 562 960* 1,402* 1,714*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-127

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-35

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 9 17,783 88* - - 9* 15* 21* 35* 44* 364* 800*

 0.5-0.9 17 52,356 155* - 8* 8* 17* 29* 118* 179* 700* 1,052*

 <2 61 214,895 162* - 12* 19* 27* 74* 148* 314* 914* 1,207*

 1-3 138 431,662 155 12* 23* 27* 41 79 160 321* 520* 1,055*

 4-6 105 418,405 188 17* 27* 29* 52 117 206 444* 652* 891*

 <6 250 819,004 168 10* 20* 27 42 86 183 380 572* 1,054*

 7-10 41 579,172 209* - 15* 20* 65* 116* 285* 538* 605* 759*

 11-14 31 648,811 275* - 48* 73* 112* 217* 349* 495* 623* 930*

 15-19 33 866,836 462* - 19* 38* 92* 250* 538* 1,219* 1,411* 1,914*

 20 + 335 6,570,428 503 13* 46 78 118 266 668 1,249 1,663 2,364*

 20-24 29 746,436 521* - 113* 118* 138* 290* 683* 1,242* 1,426* 1,610*

 25-54 192 4,209,407 499 10* 38* 72 126 285 616 1,242 1,669* 2,378*

 55-64 46 678,164 448* - 45* 58* 118* 209* 698* 933* 1,519* 2,169*

 65 + 68 936,421 547 - 38* 52* 118 206 631 1,446* 1,904* 3,283*

 All ages 709 9,585,453 434 12* 30 57 118 236 501 1,148 1,459 2,253*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-128

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-36

 Table D3. Missing Source: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 2 62,335 1,182* - - - - 632* 1,144* 1,451* 1,554* 1,636*

 Direct and Indirect 2 62,335 1,182* - - - - 632* 1,144* 1,451* 1,554* 1,636*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 4 81,473 739* - - - 278* 593* 777* 1,092* 1,196* 1,280*

 Indirect 2 58,554 64* - - - - 55* 63* 68* 70* 71*

 Direct and Indirect 5 117,029 547* - - - - 327* 668* 1,026* 1,190* 1,321*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 74 1,869,582 459* 21* 52* 78* 120* 177* 440* 994* 1,415* 2,366*

 Indirect 16 348,084 273* - 3* 18* 81* 139* 346* 599* 682* 1,300*

 Direct and Indirect 80 1,972,364 483 22* 54* 79* 121 228 598 1,185* 1,483* 2,356*

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 79 1,995,236 495 23* 53* 79* 126* 227 623* 1,310* 1,598* 2,347*

 Indirect 18 406,638 243* - 6* 24* 65* 134* 288* 552* 670* 1,244*

 Direct and Indirect 86 2,133,574 509 24* 56* 77* 122 235 704 1,354* 1,645* 2,334*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-129

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-37

 Table E1. All Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 370 920,490 148 - - 16 39 81 172 353 465* 737*

 1-10 3,566 17,622,900 402 20 52 84 167 294 499 820 1,054 1,715

 11-19 753 15,076,991 659 29* 82 114 229 466 825 1,414 1,770 3,160*

 20 + 4,190 87,674,589 867 54 115 203 352 700 1,144 1,704 2,009 3,726

 All ages 8,879 121,294,970 768 38 106 142 290 583 971 1,556 1,888 3,521

 Indirect < 1 607 1,510,993 522 5* 23 56 254 519 738 958 1,068 1,397*

 1-10 3,723 17,794,858 177 2 8 19 53 122 241 395 500 761

 11-19 724 14,316,517 253 2* 13 24 71 162 339 578 780 1,227*

 20 + 4,437 93,102,380 610 5 50 111 262 504 816 1,226 1,535 2,469

 All ages 9,491 126,724,748 508 4 24 54 156 376 710 1,087 1,404 2,313

 Direct and Indirect < 1 648 1,625,567 569 11* 44 73 253 560 802 1,018 1,208 1,688*

 1-10 3,975 19,370,519 528 20 89 143 256 443 703 995 1,246 2,020

 11-19 817 16,312,763 831 23* 117 219 369 665 1,111 1,649 1,960 3,142*

 20 + 4,556 95,645,114 1,389 111 331 487 799 1,221 1,776 2,416 2,928 4,512

 All ages 9,996 132,953,963 1,185 48 189 296 575 1,022 1,581 2,221 2,706 4,253

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 364 937,401 141 - - 20 46 86 164 294 388* 790*

 1-10 3,647 18,442,438 413 23 53 87 171 323 578 823 1,027 1,579

 11-19 755 15,622,355 780 49* 106 137 293 545 940 1,560 1,988 3,818*

 20 + 4,288 80,038,409 940 52 113 200 370 706 1,179 1,874 2,372 4,277

 All ages 9,054 115,040,603 827 39 106 137 295 587 1,055 1,680 2,163 3,900

 Indirect < 1 572 1,472,067 549 10* 30 62 299 537 793 979 1,171 1,452*

 1-10 3,794 18,499,690 188 2 8 18 57 128 253 426 559 907

 11-19 732 15,272,638 308 3* 10 30 101 217 395 706 897 1,505*

 20 + 4,567 84,354,879 725 7 51 114 281 562 950 1,434 1,870 3,612

 All ages 9,665 119,599,274 586 4 24 57 170 414 792 1,239 1,657 3,168

 Direct and Indirect < 1 618 1,588,079 592 15* 44 89 306 567 832 1,055 1,303 1,630*

 1-10 4,102 20,411,204 543 14 86 134 265 458 732 1,047 1,300 1,860

 11-19 809 16,875,092 1,001 28* 160 238 453 761 1,306 1,898 2,429 4,011*

 20 + 4,736 88,054,201 1,549 71 306 518 839 1,331 1,973 2,740 3,524 5,526

 All ages 10,265 126,928,576 1,302 41 177 297 592 1,073 1,716 2,483 3,148 5,212

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-130

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-38

 Table E1. All Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 734 1,857,891 145 - - 18 44 83 169 343 449 806*

 1-10 7,213 36,065,338 407 21 52 86 169 314 527 822 1,042 1,606

 11-19 1,508 30,699,346 721 41* 104 117 252 520 917 1,472 1,877 3,745*

 20 + 8,478 167,712,998 902 53 114 202 354 703 1,172 1,824 2,229 3,997

 All ages 17,933 236,335,573 797 39 106 139 293 585 1,031 1,646 2,006 3,781

 Indirect < 1 1,179 2,983,060 535 8* 29 59 271 533 761 963 1,123 1,450*

 1-10 7,517 36,294,548 182 2 8 19 55 125 248 409 526 844

 11-19 1,456 29,589,155 281 3* 11 27 86 199 370 654 867 1,373*

 20 + 9,004 177,457,259 665 7 51 112 272 529 874 1,314 1,676 2,958

 All ages 19,156 246,324,022 546 4 24 55 163 394 747 1,163 1,516 2,711

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,266 3,213,646 580 13* 44 80 275 564 812 1,038 1,280 1,688*

 1-10 8,077 39,781,723 536 15 88 137 261 451 719 1,024 1,258 1,899

 11-19 1,626 33,187,855 917 24* 142 236 401 720 1,195 1,782 2,204 3,808*

 20 + 9,292 183,699,315 1,465 94 323 502 825 1,272 1,867 2,551 3,195 5,159

 All ages 20,261 259,882,539 1,242 44 183 296 585 1,047 1,642 2,345 2,923 4,808

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 15:53 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-131

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-39

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 144 345,736 113 - - - 27 57 117 255* 383* 666*

 0.5-0.9 226 574,754 169 - - 22 46 105 215 393 480* 814*

 <2 796 2,546,785 217 - 17 30 61 144 289 460 598 929*

 1-3 1,653 5,138,199 308 15* 43 55 115 228 379 589 817 1,375*

 4-6 1,419 5,534,375 416 23* 55 99 175 327 525 816 1,095 1,628*

 <6 3,200 9,715,014 326 - 34 53 114 233 426 695 874 1,410

 7-10 494 6,950,326 459 25* 76 107 202 336 583 938 1,150 1,872*

 11-14 380 7,292,033 561 19* 69* 110 225 445 701 1,111 1,480* 2,230*

 15-19 373 7,784,958 751 40* 93* 125 232 568 945 1,522 1,904* 3,478*

 20 + 4,190 87,674,589 867 54 115 203 352 700 1,144 1,704 2,009 3,726

 20-24 297 8,279,426 938 54* 98 116 344 655 1,057 1,641 2,686 5,639*

 25-54 2,181 51,543,718 865 51 109 175 348 698 1,154 1,845 2,121 3,645

 55-64 717 10,785,291 879 78* 168 222 438 698 1,170 1,649 1,879 2,803*

 65 + 995 17,066,154 828 58* 168 232 433 705 1,062 1,477 1,839 2,717*

 All ages 8,879 121,294,970 768 38 106 142 290 583 971 1,556 1,888 3,521

 Indirect <0.5 275 654,397 572 7* 29* 114 364 559 798 960 1,065* 1,303*

 0.5-0.9 332 856,596 484 5* 17* 49 129 480 685 934 1,060* 1,430*

 <2 1,083 3,349,573 332 3* 14 29 72 220 519 802 959 1,370*

 1-3 1,782 5,544,734 170 2* 9 23 51 119 231 370 490 847*

 4-6 1,464 5,682,210 174 2* 8 19 56 123 237 372 470 710*

 <6 3,603 10,810,079 220 2 10 23 58 137 287 529 719 1,069

 7-10 477 6,567,914 185 2* 8 18 52 122 271 433 514 727*

 11-14 362 6,783,345 241 2* 9* 22 77 167 338 559 757* 1,002*

 15-19 362 7,533,172 263 2* 15* 24 67 156 343 637 913* 1,441*

 20 + 4,437 93,102,380 610 5 50 111 262 504 816 1,226 1,535 2,469

 20-24 326 8,882,196 403 3* 14 47 137 286 523 882 1,137 1,800*

 25-54 2,327 55,128,752 623 5 41 97 246 497 829 1,296 1,579 2,587

 55-64 755 11,454,729 689 43* 113 187 355 590 886 1,262 1,582 2,450*

 65 + 1,029 17,636,703 626 13* 115 178 342 568 824 1,076 1,313 2,003*

 All ages 9,491 126,724,748 508 4 24 54 156 376 710 1,087 1,404 2,313

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-132

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-40

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 303 729,376 567 10* 29* 58 269 560 813 1,004 1,161* 1,439*

 0.5-0.9 345 896,191 571 13* 53* 93 248 561 782 1,029 1,356* 1,707*

 <2 1,160 3,614,742 461 9* 49 85 186 383 677 923 1,122 1,550*

 1-3 1,884 5,893,820 428 12* 66 109 207 345 562 829 1,032 1,623*

 4-6 1,567 6,148,919 535 21* 89 142 279 450 703 999 1,282 2,069*

 <6 3,828 11,553,736 480 14 60 111 228 406 650 928 1,124 1,738

 7-10 524 7,327,780 602 26* 119 180 304 512 803 1,084 1,345 2,162*

 11-14 408 7,790,807 735 18* 117 214 370 591 961 1,416 1,802 2,520*

 15-19 409 8,521,956 918 23* 113 221 368 744 1,250 1,804 2,171 3,714*

 20 + 4,556 95,645,114 1,389 111 331 487 799 1,221 1,776 2,416 2,928 4,512

 20-24 345 9,425,724 1,204 29* 190 289 557 976 1,405 2,021 3,146 5,840*

 25-54 2,396 56,682,263 1,393 79 315 466 755 1,225 1,783 2,482 3,025 4,665

 55-64 766 11,575,703 1,500 135* 480 681 962 1,366 1,920 2,475 2,851 3,826*

 65 + 1,049 17,961,424 1,402 316* 548 651 900 1,310 1,774 2,224 2,551 3,699*

 All ages 9,996 132,953,963 1,185 48 189 296 575 1,022 1,581 2,221 2,706 4,253

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-133

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-41

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 145 366,387 117 - - 18* 36 75 117 210* 355* 530*

 0.5-0.9 219 571,014 157 - - 23 51 102 209 336 421* 793*

 <2 784 2,679,391 211 - 21 36 64 133 266 451 586 944*

 1-3 1,666 5,428,920 315 18* 45 56 115 233 412 614 815 1,397*

 4-6 1,451 5,556,271 432 24* 57 107 201 347 570 822 1,063 1,546*

 <6 3,214 10,115,648 339 15 42 54 115 236 462 701 884 1,418

 7-10 530 7,457,247 470 38* 69 108 224 351 634 928 1,064 1,612*

 11-14 381 7,250,014 681 45* 90* 110 283 471 820 1,509 1,782* 3,073*

 15-19 374 8,372,341 865 64* 110* 169 343 652 1,016 1,585 2,175* 5,093*

 20 + 4,288 80,038,409 940 52 113 200 370 706 1,179 1,874 2,372 4,277

 20-24 303 8,415,406 1,045 - 94 113 331 655 1,302 2,208 3,400 5,167*

 25-54 2,252 51,083,571 944 52 113 199 353 702 1,174 1,878 2,513 4,143

 55-64 693 8,504,336 873 76* 113 201 392 704 1,146 1,656 1,995 3,120*

 65 + 1,040 12,035,096 895 80* 158 232 460 742 1,169 1,707 1,891 2,635*

 All ages 9,054 115,040,603 827 39 106 137 295 587 1,055 1,680 2,163 3,900

 Indirect <0.5 271 678,783 621 12* 59* 125 400 610 837 1,017 1,264* 1,520*

 0.5-0.9 301 793,284 487 9* 23* 41 185 476 714 971 1,085* 1,384*

 <2 1,039 3,382,335 335 2* 13 24 75 214 535 824 964 1,373*

 1-3 1,804 5,891,971 171 2* 10 20 52 118 226 384 531 790*

 4-6 1,485 5,630,931 184 2* 7 16 56 122 250 426 545 955*

 <6 3,594 11,207,376 224 2 10 22 59 137 298 550 745 1,105

 7-10 505 6,976,788 205 2* 7 17 65 144 273 442 589 994*

 11-14 375 7,183,574 272 2* 7* 19 88 195 349 634 932* 1,221*

 15-19 357 8,089,064 341 4* 13* 38 116 236 419 731 896* 1,704*

 20 + 4,567 84,354,879 725 7 51 114 281 562 950 1,434 1,870 3,612

 20-24 297 8,197,404 445 2* 11 39 133 325 601 1,000 1,264 2,031*

 25-54 2,409 53,907,846 757 7 43 102 277 563 994 1,510 2,109 3,903

 55-64 766 9,432,481 807 16* 129 229 414 673 1,016 1,508 1,888 3,308*

 65 + 1,095 12,817,148 709 44* 139 234 372 611 936 1,293 1,577 2,194*

 All ages 9,665 119,599,274 586 4 24 57 170 414 792 1,239 1,657 3,168

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-134

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-42

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 296 741,904 625 15* 46* 85 393 603 853 1,036 1,348* 1,815*

 0.5-0.9 322 846,175 563 15* 44* 89 254 548 788 1,078 1,279* 1,559*

 <2 1,123 3,693,768 459 9* 44 77 182 388 651 945 1,102 1,470*

 1-3 1,927 6,338,855 428 11* 50 92 194 368 588 817 1,028 1,494*

 4-6 1,606 6,100,046 563 21* 89 148 282 481 746 1,077 1,308 1,785*

 <6 3,856 12,052,879 493 15 59 111 230 422 662 961 1,167 1,685

 7-10 569 7,972,303 619 14* 120 174 319 526 822 1,134 1,466 2,146*

 11-14 404 7,702,229 895 38* 140 211 401 710 1,195 1,738 2,123 3,433*

 15-19 405 9,172,863 1,090 10* 174 259 472 834 1,393 1,987 2,688 4,789*

 20 + 4,736 88,054,201 1,549 71 306 518 839 1,331 1,973 2,740 3,524 5,526

 20-24 333 9,119,063 1,364 19* 116 229 592 1,113 1,746 2,825 3,679 5,464*

 25-54 2,510 56,328,941 1,580 64 335 531 839 1,334 1,997 2,814 3,772 5,881

 55-64 775 9,569,684 1,571 120* 456 607 911 1,385 2,013 2,677 3,174 5,130*

 65 + 1,118 13,036,513 1,523 224* 522 660 982 1,425 1,923 2,510 2,839 3,798*

 All ages 10,265 126,928,576 1,302 41 177 297 592 1,073 1,716 2,483 3,148 5,212

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-135

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-43

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 289 712,123 115 - - - 33 63 117 229 365* 661*

 0.5-0.9 445 1,145,768 163 - - 22 49 104 212 353 463 805*

 <2 1,580 5,226,176 214 - 19 33 62 139 284 455 589 939*

 1-3 3,319 10,567,119 312 17 45 55 115 230 404 591 816 1,407

 4-6 2,870 11,090,646 424 23 56 105 193 344 558 822 1,067 1,609

 <6 6,414 19,830,662 332 - 38 54 114 235 459 698 878 1,417

 7-10 1,024 14,407,573 465 31* 75 108 213 348 591 930 1,138 1,716*

 11-14 761 14,542,047 621 35* 80 112 234 465 752 1,314 1,707 2,905*

 15-19 747 16,157,299 810 46* 108 147 283 580 1,006 1,555 2,037 3,836*

 20 + 8,478 167,712,998 902 53 114 202 354 703 1,172 1,824 2,229 3,997

 20-24 600 16,694,832 992 28* 96 114 343 661 1,187 1,907 3,291 5,589*

 25-54 4,433 102,627,289 905 51 114 178 350 701 1,162 1,870 2,340 3,894

 55-64 1,410 19,289,627 876 77 118 215 409 704 1,164 1,651 1,890 2,831

 65 + 2,035 29,101,250 856 78 168 233 444 709 1,146 1,609 1,865 2,735

 All ages 17,933 236,335,573 797 39 106 139 293 585 1,031 1,646 2,006 3,781

 Indirect <0.5 546 1,333,180 597 10* 49 133 376 596 805 975 1,140 1,468*

 0.5-0.9 633 1,649,880 486 7* 21 45 150 479 694 961 1,065 1,395*

 <2 2,122 6,731,908 333 3 13 27 72 216 531 805 962 1,371

 1-3 3,586 11,436,705 170 2 10 22 51 119 229 380 505 839

 4-6 2,949 11,313,141 179 2 8 17 56 123 246 394 514 904

 <6 7,197 22,017,455 222 2 10 22 59 137 292 543 738 1,093

 7-10 982 13,544,702 196 2* 7 17 58 138 273 439 572 778*

 11-14 737 13,966,919 257 2* 7 21 82 181 340 584 795 1,184*

 15-19 719 15,622,236 303 3* 15 29 89 210 387 685 903 1,563*

 20 + 9,004 177,457,259 665 7 51 112 272 529 874 1,314 1,676 2,958

 20-24 623 17,079,600 423 3* 13 42 136 297 571 918 1,216 1,911*

 25-54 4,736 109,036,598 689 6 42 98 263 526 909 1,395 1,840 3,239

 55-64 1,521 20,887,210 742 19 118 216 379 617 947 1,379 1,735 2,743

 65 + 2,124 30,453,851 661 17 118 207 354 592 863 1,171 1,442 2,175

 All ages 19,156 246,324,022 546 4 24 55 163 394 747 1,163 1,516 2,711

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-136

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-44

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 599 1,471,280 596 11* 43 67 359 584 848 1,022 1,208 1,533*

 0.5-0.9 667 1,742,366 567 15* 48 90 250 551 784 1,050 1,303 1,692*

 <2 2,283 7,308,510 460 9 44 83 185 387 659 936 1,107 1,514

 1-3 3,811 12,232,675 428 12 59 102 203 355 576 826 1,032 1,517

 4-6 3,173 12,248,965 549 21 89 146 282 467 721 1,053 1,305 1,905

 <6 7,684 23,606,615 486 14 59 111 229 414 658 946 1,146 1,691

 7-10 1,093 15,300,083 611 17* 119 179 315 517 817 1,130 1,420 2,176*

 11-14 812 15,493,036 815 29* 129 214 383 650 1,069 1,625 1,962 3,047*

 15-19 814 17,694,819 1,007 21* 152 239 428 779 1,304 1,898 2,411 4,025*

 20 + 9,292 183,699,315 1,465 94 323 502 825 1,272 1,867 2,551 3,195 5,159

 20-24 678 18,544,787 1,283 27* 120 248 579 1,013 1,589 2,508 3,632 5,801*

 25-54 4,906 113,011,204 1,486 79 323 483 801 1,273 1,894 2,638 3,337 5,259

 55-64 1,541 21,145,387 1,532 121 473 658 947 1,378 1,952 2,557 2,999 4,395

 65 + 2,167 30,997,937 1,453 273 532 651 939 1,345 1,833 2,324 2,708 3,750

 All ages 20,261 259,882,539 1,242 44 183 296 585 1,047 1,642 2,345 2,923 4,808

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 19FEB04 09:04 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-137

 Part III: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion III-45

 Table E3. All Sources: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Person/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 62 1,567,915 1,013* - 103* 188* 399* 949* 1,413* 1,796* 1,889* 2,283*

 Indirect 67 1,683,110 426* - 22* 55* 139* 280* 603* 1,055* 1,215* 1,455*

 Direct and Indirect 70 1,750,330 1,318* - 180* 369* 746* 1,225* 1,776* 2,336* 2,674* 3,557*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 36 990,046 1,360* - 79* 164* 526* 1,282* 1,827* 2,506* 2,819* 3,589*

 Indirect 40 1,145,475 672* - 13* 110* 228* 444* 939* 1,325* 1,725* 2,907*

 Direct and Indirect 41 1,171,868 1,806* - 359* 491* 1,068* 1,498* 2,474* 3,021* 3,767* 4,024*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 1,971 50,078,466 849 52* 104 166 342 642 1,045 1,751 2,129 4,218*

 Indirect 2,090 52,950,839 512 3 24 55 151 363 691 1,127 1,456 2,393

 Direct and Indirect 2,203 55,619,141 1,252 46 222 342 612 1,057 1,607 2,338 2,941 4,864

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,069 52,634,363 864 51 104 167 343 653 1,062 1,770 2,223 4,166

 Indirect 2,196 55,761,270 513 3 24 55 153 362 694 1,129 1,452 2,413

 Direct and Indirect 2,314 58,539,275 1,265 43 223 345 616 1,065 1,621 2,366 2,953 4,821

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_E3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."
E-138

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-1

 Table A1. Community Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 210 551,547 19 - 2* 2 5 11 22 38 50* 119*

 1-10 2,501 13,053,549 17 1 2 3 6 13 22 37 47 81

 11-19 603 11,926,745 10 1* 1 2 4 8 13 22 28 50*

 20 + 3,182 66,310,293 11 1 1 2 4 9 15 24 30 50

 All ages 6,496 91,842,134 12 1 2 2 4 9 16 25 33 56

 Indirect < 1 468 1,172,552 70 1* 3 5 14 63 102 142 174 243*

 1-10 3,120 14,938,623 9 - - 1 2 5 12 19 26 44

 11-19 636 12,725,841 4 - - - 1 3 6 10 14 23*

 20 + 3,941 83,243,962 8 - - 1 3 6 12 17 23 37

 All ages 8,165 112,080,978 9 - - 1 2 6 11 17 24 50

 Direct and Indirect < 1 491 1,231,057 75 - 3 7 20 68 109 159 193 257*

 1-10 3,386 16,764,949 21 - 1 3 7 16 28 45 58 95

 11-19 752 15,037,128 12 - 1 2 4 9 16 26 32 48*

 20 + 4,099 86,643,885 17 - 1 3 7 14 23 33 41 63

 All ages 8,728 119,677,019 17 - 1 3 7 14 23 34 45 77

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 188 460,914 18 1* 2* 3* 5 10 23 39* 57* 84*

 1-10 2,586 13,816,775 17 1 3 4 6 12 22 35 46 75

 11-19 642 13,376,722 11 1* 1 2 4 8 14 21 32 65*

 20 + 3,401 64,200,732 10 1 1 2 4 7 13 21 28 48

 All ages 6,817 91,855,143 11 1 1 2 4 8 14 24 32 59

 Indirect < 1 430 1,074,772 63 1* 2 4 11 54 98 135 163 250*

 1-10 3,211 15,763,235 8 - - 1 2 6 11 19 28 48

 11-19 646 13,578,405 5 - - - 1 3 6 10 15 25*

 20 + 4,114 77,152,431 8 - - 1 3 6 11 16 21 40

 All ages 8,401 107,568,843 8 - - 1 2 6 10 17 23 52

 Direct and Indirect < 1 457 1,142,278 66 1* 3 5 13 59 100 139 163 268*

 1-10 3,515 17,763,008 21 - 1 3 7 16 29 43 56 87

 11-19 755 15,721,969 14 - 1 2 5 10 17 27 38 67*

 20 + 4,360 82,313,478 15 - 1 3 7 13 20 30 38 62

 All ages 9,087 116,940,733 16 - 1 3 7 13 21 32 43 78

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-139

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-2

 Table A1. Community Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 398 1,012,461 18 1* 2* 3 5 11 23 39 57* 117*

 1-10 5,087 26,870,324 17 1 2 3 6 12 22 36 47 78

 11-19 1,245 25,303,467 11 1* 1 2 4 8 13 22 28 58*

 20 + 6,583 130,511,025 11 1 1 2 4 8 14 23 30 50

 All ages 13,313 183,697,277 12 1 1 2 4 8 15 25 33 57

 Indirect < 1 898 2,247,324 67 1* 2 5 12 57 100 141 172 249*

 1-10 6,331 30,701,858 8 - - 1 2 6 11 19 26 45

 11-19 1,282 26,304,246 5 - - - 1 3 6 10 14 25*

 20 + 8,055 160,396,393 8 - - 1 3 6 11 17 22 39

 All ages 16,566 219,649,821 8 - - 1 2 6 11 17 23 51

 Direct and Indirect < 1 948 2,373,335 71 1* 3 6 17 62 106 145 185 261*

 1-10 6,901 34,527,957 21 - 1 3 7 16 28 44 57 92

 11-19 1,507 30,759,097 13 - 1 2 4 10 17 26 34 60*

 20 + 8,459 168,957,363 16 - 1 3 7 13 22 32 39 62

 All ages 17,815 236,617,752 17 - 1 3 7 13 22 33 44 77

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-140

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-3

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 74 198,168 19* - 2* 2* 4* 11* 20* 30* 98* 120*

 0.5-0.9 136 353,379 18 - 2* 3* 5 10 24 40* 43* 91*

 <2 501 1,691,936 21 1* 2 4 7 16 28 43 56 113*

 1-3 1,116 3,566,602 22 1* 3 4 9 16 29 43 57 106*

 4-6 996 3,995,791 19 1* 2 4 7 14 25 39 52 80*

 <6 2,148 6,755,843 21 1 3 4 8 16 26 42 52 93

 7-10 389 5,491,156 13 1* 2* 3 4 9 17 29 37* 52*

 11-14 305 5,852,490 9 1* 1* 2 4 7 12 20 25* 35*

 15-19 298 6,074,255 11 1* 1* 2 4 8 13 22 30* 53*

 20 + 3,182 66,310,293 11 1 1 2 4 9 15 24 30 50

 20-24 233 6,414,589 13 1* 1* 2 4 8 14 25 35* 81*

 25-54 1,625 38,305,761 11 1 1 2 4 8 15 24 31 49

 55-64 535 8,051,309 12 1* 2 2 4 9 15 23 30 48*

 65 + 789 13,538,634 12 1* 2 3 5 10 16 23 27 38*

 All ages 6,496 91,842,134 12 1 2 2 4 9 16 25 33 56

 Indirect <0.5 195 478,911 98 1* 4* 8* 48 94 130 176* 207* 293*

 0.5-0.9 273 693,641 51 - 2* 4 10 47 77 102 130* 175*

 <2 885 2,808,155 38 - 1 2 6 15 54 106 140 202*

 1-3 1,501 4,735,300 12 - 1 1 4 8 16 27 35 67*

 4-6 1,227 4,788,940 8 - - 1 2 6 12 18 25 38*

 <6 2,994 9,134,438 18 - - 1 3 9 18 41 82 159

 7-10 392 5,414,383 6 - - - 2 4 8 14 17* 24*

 11-14 306 5,831,123 4 - - - 1 3 7 10 12* 18*

 15-19 330 6,894,718 4 - - - 1 2 5 10 16* 24*

 20 + 3,941 83,243,962 8 - - 1 3 6 12 17 23 37

 20-24 302 8,229,039 6 - - 1 2 4 8 14 17 29*

 25-54 2,078 49,553,607 8 - - 1 3 6 12 18 24 39

 55-64 651 9,890,137 9 - 1 1 4 7 12 18 25 37*

 65 + 910 15,571,179 9 - 1 2 4 8 12 16 22 33*

 All ages 8,165 112,080,978 9 - - 1 2 6 11 17 24 50

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-141

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-4

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 212 517,858 98 1* 4* 8 37 94 133 191 231* 289*

 0.5-0.9 279 713,199 59 - 3* 6 16 51 87 117 152* 203*

 <2 938 2,986,116 47 - 2 5 12 29 68 114 144 231*

 1-3 1,601 5,050,852 27 - 2 4 10 21 36 56 72 119*

 4-6 1,325 5,230,894 22 - 2 3 8 18 30 47 61 90*

 <6 3,192 9,741,756 31 - 2 3 10 22 40 69 98 175

 7-10 460 6,483,203 15 - 1 2 5 12 21 32 39 58*

 11-14 368 7,028,816 12 - 1* 2 5 9 16 26 29* 37*

 15-19 384 8,008,312 12 - - 1 3 9 17 26 34* 50*

 20 + 4,099 86,643,885 17 - 1 3 7 14 23 33 41 63

 20-24 320 8,789,651 15 - 1 2 5 11 17 32 38 86*

 25-54 2,167 51,617,594 16 - 1 3 7 13 22 33 42 65

 55-64 673 10,176,050 18 - 1 3 8 15 25 34 41 59*

 65 + 939 16,060,590 18 - 3 5 10 17 25 34 39 54*

 All ages 8,728 119,677,019 17 - 1 3 7 14 23 34 45 77

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-142

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-5

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 69 162,549 17* - 2* 3* 5* 9* 20* 40* 61* 83*

 0.5-0.9 119 298,365 18 1* 2* 3* 5 10 24 38* 51* 83*

 <2 483 1,680,965 19 2* 3 4 7 13 25 39 50 81*

 1-3 1,126 3,723,078 20 2* 3 4 8 15 27 41 52 87*

 4-6 1,041 4,142,311 19 1* 3 4 7 14 26 41 53 81*

 <6 2,152 6,912,857 20 2 3 4 7 15 26 42 55 88

 7-10 419 5,951,386 13 1* 2 3 6 10 18 28 35 52*

 11-14 312 5,962,493 12 1* 1* 2 4 9 14 26 38* 61*

 15-19 330 7,414,229 11 1* 1* 2 4 8 13 20 25* 71*

 20 + 3,401 64,200,732 10 1 1 2 4 7 13 21 28 48

 20-24 254 6,882,414 11 - 1 1 3 7 13 25 44 59*

 25-54 1,786 40,979,437 10 1 1 2 4 7 13 21 29 47

 55-64 560 6,924,067 9 1* 1 2 4 7 12 18 23 30*

 65 + 801 9,414,814 11 1* 2 3 5 9 15 21 25 32*

 All ages 6,817 91,855,143 11 1 1 2 4 8 14 24 32 59

 Indirect <0.5 190 458,167 91 1* 4* 7* 43 85 132 171* 213* 285*

 0.5-0.9 240 616,605 41 - 2* 3 7 35 62 99 119* 134*

 <2 831 2,697,354 33 - 1 2 6 12 45 98 128 211*

 1-3 1,525 5,024,944 11 - 1 1 3 8 15 25 32 62*

 4-6 1,268 4,911,824 8 - - 1 2 6 12 20 27 41*

 <6 2,992 9,455,647 16 - - 1 3 8 16 35 67 139

 7-10 418 5,826,467 6 - - - 2 4 8 14 18 29*

 11-14 317 6,151,756 5 - - - 1 3 6 10 15* 25*

 15-19 329 7,426,649 5 - - - 1 3 6 9 13* 33*

 20 + 4,114 77,152,431 8 - - 1 3 6 11 16 21 40

 20-24 282 7,750,702 6 - - - 1 4 8 13 16 24*

 25-54 2,190 49,551,833 8 - - 1 3 6 11 17 22 46

 55-64 686 8,539,514 8 - 1 2 4 7 11 15 20 40*

 65 + 956 11,310,382 8 - 1 2 4 7 11 16 19 27*

 All ages 8,401 107,568,843 8 - - 1 2 6 10 17 23 52

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-143

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-6

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 202 489,271 91 2* 5* 7 39 88 129 170 210* 294*

 0.5-0.9 255 653,007 47 - 2* 5 10 39 74 107 127* 144*

 <2 890 2,924,738 41 - 2 4 11 25 59 101 129 204*

 1-3 1,629 5,380,230 24 - 2 4 9 19 34 51 65 101*

 4-6 1,390 5,386,416 23 - 1 3 8 18 31 46 64 93*

 <6 3,218 10,151,405 29 - 2 4 9 20 37 64 88 147

 7-10 496 6,996,362 17 - 1 3 7 14 23 33 41 58*

 11-14 368 7,073,951 14 - 1* 2 5 11 19 30 42* 64*

 15-19 387 8,648,018 13 - 1* 2 5 10 16 25 32* 68*

 20 + 4,360 82,313,478 15 - 1 3 7 13 20 30 38 62

 20-24 317 8,636,476 14 - 1 2 5 10 19 30 41 62*

 25-54 2,345 53,199,354 15 - 1 3 7 12 20 30 39 64

 55-64 710 8,835,728 15 - 1 3 8 13 20 28 34 54*

 65 + 988 11,641,920 16 - 2 4 9 16 23 30 34 45*

 All ages 9,087 116,940,733 16 - 1 3 7 13 21 32 43 78

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-144

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-7

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 143 360,717 18 2* 2* 2* 5 11 21 37* 67* 118*

 0.5-0.9 255 651,744 18 - 2* 3 5 10 24 39 44* 91*

 <2 984 3,372,901 20 2* 3 4 7 14 26 42 54 98*

 1-3 2,242 7,289,680 21 2 3 4 9 16 28 43 55 95

 4-6 2,037 8,138,102 19 1 3 4 7 14 26 40 52 83

 <6 4,300 13,668,700 20 2 3 4 8 15 26 42 53 91

 7-10 808 11,442,542 13 1* 2 3 5 9 17 28 36 52*

 11-14 617 11,814,983 11 1* 1 2 4 8 13 22 32 51*

 15-19 628 13,488,484 11 1* 1 2 4 8 13 21 26 59*

 20 + 6,583 130,511,025 11 1 1 2 4 8 14 23 30 50

 20-24 487 13,297,003 12 - 1 2 3 8 14 25 40 79*

 25-54 3,411 79,285,198 10 1 1 2 4 7 14 23 31 49

 55-64 1,095 14,975,376 10 1* 1 2 4 8 13 21 27 42*

 65 + 1,590 22,953,448 11 1 2 3 5 9 15 22 26 37

 All ages 13,313 183,697,277 12 1 1 2 4 8 15 25 33 57

 Indirect <0.5 385 937,078 95 1* 4* 7 46 90 131 173 213* 289*

 0.5-0.9 513 1,310,246 46 - 2 3 9 40 72 100 123 169*

 <2 1,716 5,505,509 35 - 1 2 6 13 51 101 133 205*

 1-3 3,026 9,760,244 12 - 1 1 3 8 15 26 34 64

 4-6 2,495 9,700,764 8 - - 1 2 6 12 19 25 41

 <6 5,986 18,590,085 17 - - 1 3 8 17 38 74 147

 7-10 810 11,240,850 6 - - - 2 4 8 14 17 29*

 11-14 623 11,982,879 5 - - - 1 3 7 10 13 25*

 15-19 659 14,321,367 4 - - - 1 3 6 10 15 26*

 20 + 8,055 160,396,393 8 - - 1 3 6 11 17 22 39

 20-24 584 15,979,741 6 - - 1 2 4 8 14 17 26*

 25-54 4,268 99,105,440 8 - - 1 3 6 11 18 23 43

 55-64 1,337 18,429,651 9 - 1 1 4 7 11 17 23 38

 65 + 1,866 26,881,561 9 - 1 2 4 8 12 16 21 33

 All ages 16,566 219,649,821 8 - - 1 2 6 11 17 23 51

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-145

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-8

 Table A2. Community Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 414 1,007,129 95 2* 5 7 37 91 133 184 221 294*

 0.5-0.9 534 1,366,206 53 - 3 5 12 47 81 112 129 186*

 <2 1,828 5,910,854 44 - 2 4 11 28 62 109 137 215*

 1-3 3,230 10,431,082 26 - 2 4 9 20 35 53 68 110

 4-6 2,715 10,617,310 22 - 1 3 8 18 31 47 63 91

 <6 6,410 19,893,161 30 - 2 4 9 21 38 67 93 162

 7-10 956 13,479,565 16 - 1 3 6 13 22 33 40 59*

 11-14 736 14,102,767 13 - 1 2 5 10 17 27 36 54*

 15-19 771 16,656,330 12 - 1 1 4 9 16 26 32 62*

 20 + 8,459 168,957,363 16 - 1 3 7 13 22 32 39 62

 20-24 637 17,426,127 15 - 1 2 5 11 18 31 39 80*

 25-54 4,512 104,816,948 16 - 1 3 7 13 21 32 40 65

 55-64 1,383 19,011,778 17 - 1 3 8 14 23 32 38 58

 65 + 1,927 27,702,510 18 - 2 5 10 16 24 32 37 53

 All ages 17,815 236,617,752 17 - 1 3 7 13 22 33 44 77

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-146

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-9

 Table A3. Community Water: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 42 1,104,709 13* - 1* 1* 3* 9* 20* 27* 29* 33*

 Indirect 63 1,552,902 5* - - - 1* 3* 8* 13* 17* 20*

 Direct and Indirect 65 1,644,007 14* - - - 2* 9* 22* 33* 43* 47*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 26 685,373 22* - - 2* 9* 23* 33* 41* 50* 52*

 Indirect 31 898,173 10* - - 1* 3* 7* 11* 16* 38* 55*

 Direct and Indirect 33 940,375 26* - - 2* 9* 20* 41* 54* 55* 57*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 1,499 37,924,607 11 1* 1 2 4 8 14 23 31 58*

 Indirect 1,892 48,160,653 7 - - 1 2 5 10 17 21 37*

 Direct and Indirect 2,028 51,411,212 15 - 1 2 6 12 21 32 38 68

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 1,567 39,712,625 11 1* 1 2 4 8 15 24 32 57*

 Indirect 1,985 50,593,574 7 - - 1 2 5 10 17 21 37*

 Direct and Indirect 2,126 53,993,530 15 - 1 2 6 12 21 32 39 66

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:25 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-147

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-10

 Table B1. Bottled Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 134 300,373 18 1* 2* 3* 6 11 24 37* 59* 75*

 1-10 799 3,698,592 17 1* 2 3 6 13 21 35 47 81*

 11-19 160 3,314,571 9 1* 1* 2* 3 7 10 19* 25* 49*

 20 + 926 21,577,149 11 1* 2 2 4 8 14 23 28 40*

 All ages 2,019 28,890,685 12 1 2 2 4 8 15 24 31 52

 Indirect < 1 109 254,476 89 - 4* 7* 37 69 129 163* 210* 293*

 1-10 264 1,294,713 9 - - 1 2 5 10 20 29* 53*

 11-19 38 742,950 4* - - 1* 1* 2* 6* 9* 12* 16*

 20 + 332 7,443,482 7 - 1 2 3 5 9 14 17 29*

 All ages 743 9,735,621 9 - 1 1 2 5 9 16 22 96*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 183 430,472 65 1* 3* 4* 11 37 94 164* 176* 302*

 1-10 840 3,941,235 19 1* 2 4 7 14 23 40 54 94*

 11-19 162 3,372,860 10 1* 1* 2* 3 8 12 21* 28* 50*

 20 + 969 22,579,106 13 1* 2 2 5 10 17 27 32 45*

 All ages 2,154 30,323,673 14 1 2 2 5 10 17 28 36 67

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 136 360,868 16 1* 2* 4* 6 12 21 29* 43* 83*

 1-10 786 3,563,668 17 1* 2 3 6 12 23 34 45 80*

 11-19 129 2,722,270 11 - 1* 2* 4 7 13 24* 29* 43*

 20 + 880 17,950,961 9 1* 1 2 3 7 12 18 22 40*

 All ages 1,931 24,597,767 10 1* 1 2 4 7 13 22 29 47*

 Indirect < 1 115 327,572 82 - 7* 17* 44 72 104 146* 194* 240*

 1-10 262 1,150,730 10 - 1* 2 3 6 12 19 33* 68*

 11-19 39 864,999 5* - - 1* 2* 3* 6* 10* 13* 16*

 20 + 283 5,276,685 7 - 1 2 3 4 8 15 22 49*

 All ages 699 7,619,986 10 - 1 2 3 5 10 19 36 105*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 186 508,950 65 2* 5* 6* 14 50 98 134* 163* 254*

 1-10 828 3,776,892 19 1* 2 3 7 13 25 41 53 85*

 11-19 137 2,866,892 11 1* 1* 2* 4 7 15 26* 30* 44*

 20 + 929 18,862,983 10 1* 1 2 4 8 14 22 30 46*

 All ages 2,080 26,015,717 13 1 1 2 4 8 16 27 38 76

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-148

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-11

 Table B1. Bottled Water: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 270 661,241 17 1* 2* 3 6 12 22 36 46* 83*

 1-10 1,585 7,262,260 17 1* 2 3 6 12 22 35 46 81*

 11-19 289 6,036,841 10 1* 1* 2 3 7 12 22 27* 46*

 20 + 1,806 39,528,110 10 1 1 2 4 7 13 21 27 40

 All ages 3,950 53,488,452 11 1 1 2 4 8 14 23 30 49

 Indirect < 1 224 582,048 85 1* 6* 16 41 72 116 163 200* 292*

 1-10 526 2,445,443 9 - - 1 3 6 11 20 33 60*

 11-19 77 1,607,949 4 - - 1* 2* 2 6* 10* 13* 17*

 20 + 615 12,720,167 7 - 1 2 3 5 9 15 19 30*

 All ages 1,442 17,355,607 10 - 1 1 3 5 9 17 28 104*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 369 939,422 65 1* 4* 6 12 43 96 149 174* 291*

 1-10 1,668 7,718,127 19 1* 2 3 7 14 24 40 54 88*

 11-19 299 6,239,752 11 1* 1* 2 4 7 13 24 28* 47*

 20 + 1,898 41,442,089 12 1 1 2 5 9 16 25 31 46

 All ages 4,234 56,339,390 13 1 2 2 5 9 17 27 36 72

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-149

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-12

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 62 130,576 21* - 2* 3* 7* 12* 29* 46* 70* 88*

 0.5-0.9 72 169,797 15* - 1* 2* 5* 10* 24* 36* 38* 69*

 <2 234 668,108 18 1* 2* 3 7 12 24 37 50* 74*

 1-3 376 1,121,445 20 1* 2* 4 8 16 26 38 54* 85*

 4-6 330 1,256,523 19 2* 3* 4 7 15 23 37 54* 81*

 <6 789 2,223,073 20 1* 2 4 7 15 26 39 55 87*

 7-10 93 1,320,624 13 - 2* 2* 5 9 16 23* 34* 58*

 11-14 73 1,483,112 9* 1* 1* 2* 3* 7* 10* 17* 22* 45*

 15-19 87 1,831,459 9 1* 1* 2* 3 7 10 21* 27* 41*

 20 + 926 21,577,149 11 1* 2 2 4 8 14 23 28 40*

 20-24 90 2,563,364 11 - 1* 2* 4 9 14 23* 28* 36*

 25-54 552 14,173,612 11 1* 1 2 4 8 14 23 27 41*

 55-64 135 2,076,040 11 1* 2* 2 5 8 15 21 29* 32*

 65 + 149 2,764,133 12 - 2* 3 6 11 17 23 26* 41*

 All ages 2,019 28,890,685 12 1 2 2 4 8 15 24 31 52

 Indirect <0.5 58 130,203 117* - 6* 20* 60* 115* 153* 208* 275* 343*

 0.5-0.9 51 124,273 59* - 3* 5* 32* 55* 82* 120* 150* 159*

 <2 151 409,517 62 - 2* 3* 9 37 87 150* 165* 286*

 1-3 135 416,224 14 - 1* 2* 3 8 17 34* 43* 77*

 4-6 91 312,758 6 - 1* 1* 3 5 7 12* 19* 26*

 <6 318 887,072 34 - 1* 2 4 9 37 115 146* 247*

 7-10 38 565,731 6* - - - 2* 4* 8* 17* 19* 22*

 11-14 22 413,140 5* - - 1* 1* 3* 7* 12* 15* 17*

 15-19 16 329,810 3* - - 1* 1* 2* 4* 7* 8* 9*

 20 + 332 7,443,482 7 - 1 2 3 5 9 14 17 29*

 20-24 28 757,780 4* - 1* 1* 2* 2* 4* 7* 13* 15*

 25-54 175 4,505,919 7 - 1* 1 3 5 9 16 20* 29*

 55-64 63 993,727 8 - 1* 2* 4 8 10 15* 16* 19*

 65 + 66 1,186,056 6 - - 1* 3 6 10 12* 12* 13*

 All ages 743 9,735,621 9 - 1 1 2 5 9 16 22 96*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-150

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-13

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 93 207,707 87 2* 3* 5* 12 65 136 175* 272* 330*

 0.5-0.9 90 222,765 45 - 2* 3* 8 27 69 102* 140* 159*

 <2 289 823,485 45 1* 3* 5 9 21 58 128 164* 281*

 1-3 395 1,187,596 24 1* 2* 4 9 17 31 54 62* 99*

 4-6 344 1,309,457 20 1* 3* 4 8 15 25 42 54* 82*

 <6 869 2,454,221 30 1* 3 4 9 17 34 70 99 175*

 7-10 101 1,444,182 14 1* 2* 3* 5 10 19 24* 41* 68*

 11-14 75 1,541,401 10 - 1* 2* 4* 8 12* 21* 24* 50*

 15-19 87 1,831,459 10 1* 1* 2* 3 7 12 21* 28* 45*

 20 + 969 22,579,106 13 1* 2 2 5 10 17 27 32 45*

 20-24 97 2,715,612 11 - 1* 2* 4 9 14 23* 32* 40*

 25-54 577 14,847,018 12 1* 2 2 5 9 16 26 31 45*

 55-64 140 2,150,324 14 1* 2* 3 6 10 20 32 40* 41*

 65 + 155 2,866,152 14 - 2* 4 8 13 18 27 31* 48*

 All ages 2,154 30,323,673 14 1 2 2 5 10 17 28 36 67

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-151

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-14

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 60 158,644 18* - 4* 5* 8* 13* 20* 31* 44* 90*

 0.5-0.9 76 202,224 15 1* 2* 3* 6* 10 22* 28* 39* 54*

 <2 235 805,060 17 1* 3* 4 6 12 22 28 45* 84*

 1-3 393 1,314,077 19 1* 3* 4 7 14 25 39 52* 85*

 4-6 316 1,151,158 19 2* 3* 5 7 14 26 41 49* 83*

 <6 789 2,471,875 19 2* 3 4 7 14 25 38 50 84*

 7-10 77 1,098,433 11 1* 2* 3* 4* 9 14* 25* 27* 44*

 11-14 62 1,182,007 11* - 2* 2* 4* 6* 14* 26* 34* 40*

 15-19 67 1,540,263 10* - 1* 2* 3* 7* 13* 23* 24* 44*

 20 + 880 17,950,961 9 1* 1 2 3 7 12 18 22 40*

 20-24 72 2,070,132 11 - 1* 2* 3 7 14 23* 32* 49*

 25-54 552 12,639,800 9 1* 1 2 3 7 12 18 22 39*

 55-64 129 1,721,597 7 1* 1* 1 3 5 11 16 20* 25*

 65 + 127 1,519,432 9 1* 2* 3 5 7 13 17 20* 23*

 All ages 1,931 24,597,767 10 1* 1 2 4 7 13 22 29 47*

 Indirect <0.5 59 161,768 108* - 10* 42* 66* 92* 135* 183* 214* 341*

 0.5-0.9 56 165,804 57* - 6* 15* 25* 54* 84* 104* 110* 144*

 <2 163 545,710 55 - 2* 3* 8 42 82 130* 163* 228*

 1-3 145 493,820 13 - 1* 2* 4 8 15 32* 55* 70*

 4-6 91 312,724 9 - 1* 1* 3 6 11 20* 23* 46*

 <6 334 1,021,021 35 - 1* 2 5 13 52 94 134* 209*

 7-10 26 344,186 6* - - 1* 2* 4* 8* 14* 14* 27*

 11-14 20 401,053 5* - - - 1* 3* 8* 11* 13* 15*

 15-19 19 463,946 4* - - 1* 2* 2* 5* 6* 6* 14*

 20 + 283 5,276,685 7 - 1 2 3 4 8 15 22 49*

 20-24 13 298,381 6* - - - 3* 4* 5* 18* 19* 20*

 25-54 164 3,547,277 7 - - 2 3 4 8 16 23* 50*

 55-64 46 595,039 6* - - 1* 2* 4* 10* 12* 20* 23*

 65 + 60 835,988 8 - 2* 2* 4 6 11 15* 15* 19*

 All ages 699 7,619,986 10 - 1 2 3 5 10 19 36 105*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-152

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-15

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 91 248,647 82 - 5* 7* 14 72 119 162* 204* 323*

 0.5-0.9 95 260,303 48 1* 5* 6* 14 36 76 104* 110* 157*

 <2 296 1,005,712 43 1* 3* 5 9 23 61 104 134* 213*

 1-3 419 1,413,437 22 1* 3 4 7 17 28 48 67 90*

 4-6 327 1,185,977 21 1* 2* 4 8 15 29 45 50* 83*

 <6 873 2,734,283 30 2* 3 5 8 19 35 70 98 162*

 7-10 82 1,177,478 12 - 1* 3* 4 9 15 26* 30* 57*

 11-14 65 1,248,328 13* - 2* 3* 5* 8* 17* 26* 38* 43*

 15-19 72 1,618,564 10* - 1* 2* 3* 7* 13* 26* 28* 44*

 20 + 929 18,862,983 10 1* 1 2 4 8 14 22 30 46*

 20-24 75 2,145,751 11 - 1* 2* 3 7 16 25* 32* 51*

 25-54 578 13,219,405 10 - 1 2 4 7 13 21 30 46*

 55-64 134 1,775,587 9 1* 1* 1 3 7 13 19 29* 33*

 65 + 142 1,722,240 12 1* 2* 3 6 10 16 23 26* 33*

 All ages 2,080 26,015,717 13 1 1 2 4 8 16 27 38 76

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-153

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-16

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 122 289,220 19 2* 3* 5* 7 13 22 38* 67* 95*

 0.5-0.9 148 372,021 15 1* 2* 3* 6 10 22 31* 39* 62*

 <2 469 1,473,168 17 1* 2 4 7 12 23 34 49 83*

 1-3 769 2,435,522 19 1* 2 4 7 15 26 39 54 86*

 4-6 646 2,407,681 19 2* 3 4 7 15 25 39 49 82*

 <6 1,578 4,694,948 19 1* 3 4 7 14 25 39 53 86*

 7-10 170 2,419,057 12 1* 2* 2* 4 9 16 24* 33* 46*

 11-14 135 2,665,119 10 - 1* 2* 4 7 12 23* 28* 45*

 15-19 154 3,371,722 10 1* 1* 2* 3 7 11 22* 26* 50*

 20 + 1,806 39,528,110 10 1 1 2 4 7 13 21 27 40

 20-24 162 4,633,496 11 1* 1* 2 3 8 14 23 32* 45*

 25-54 1,104 26,813,412 10 1* 1 2 4 7 13 21 26 40*

 55-64 264 3,797,637 9 1* 1 2 4 7 13 19 25 31*

 65 + 276 4,283,565 11 1* 2 3 5 9 15 20 24 38*

 All ages 3,950 53,488,452 11 1 1 2 4 8 14 23 30 49

 Indirect <0.5 117 291,971 112 2* 7* 29* 64 96 142 199* 234* 412*

 0.5-0.9 107 290,077 58 - 4* 7* 27 54 84 110* 134* 161*

 <2 314 955,227 58 - 2* 3 8 38 84 138 164* 276*

 1-3 280 910,044 14 - 1* 2 3 8 16 34 48* 73*

 4-6 182 625,482 7 - 1* 1* 3 5 8 15* 23* 39*

 <6 652 1,908,093 34 - 1 2 5 11 46 102 138 220*

 7-10 64 909,917 6* - - - 2* 4* 8* 14* 18* 29*

 11-14 42 814,193 5* - - 1* 1* 3* 7* 12* 15* 16*

 15-19 35 793,756 4* - 1* 1* 2* 2* 6* 6* 7* 14*

 20 + 615 12,720,167 7 - 1 2 3 5 9 15 19 30*

 20-24 41 1,056,161 5* - 1* 2* 2* 3* 5* 10* 16* 20*

 25-54 339 8,053,196 7 - 1 2 3 5 8 16 22 34*

 55-64 109 1,588,766 7 - 1* 2* 3 6 10 14* 17* 22*

 65 + 126 2,022,044 7 - 1* 2 3 6 10 12 15* 18*

 All ages 1,442 17,355,607 10 - 1 1 3 5 9 17 28 104*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-154

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-17

 Table B2. Bottled Water: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 184 456,354 84 3* 4* 6* 13 68 130 171* 214* 373*

 0.5-0.9 185 483,068 47 1* 3* 5* 11 34 73 104* 120* 166*

 <2 585 1,829,197 44 1* 3 5 9 22 60 112 150 269*

 1-3 814 2,601,033 23 1* 2 4 8 17 30 51 67 97*

 4-6 671 2,495,434 20 1* 3 4 8 15 27 42 51 83*

 <6 1,742 5,188,504 30 1* 3 4 9 18 34 70 99 173*

 7-10 183 2,621,660 13 1* 2* 3* 5 10 17 25* 36* 69*

 11-14 140 2,789,729 11 1* 2* 2* 4 8 15 24* 28* 45*

 15-19 159 3,450,023 10 1* 1* 2* 3 7 12 25* 28* 47*

 20 + 1,898 41,442,089 12 1 1 2 5 9 16 25 31 46

 20-24 172 4,861,363 11 1* 1* 2 4 8 15 25 33* 48*

 25-54 1,155 28,066,423 11 1* 2 2 4 8 15 24 30 46*

 55-64 274 3,925,911 12 1* 1 2 4 8 17 27 33 41*

 65 + 297 4,588,392 13 - 2 3 7 12 17 26 30 42*

 All ages 4,234 56,339,390 13 1 2 2 5 9 17 27 36 72

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-155

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-18

 Table B3. Bottled Water: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 24 629,261 12* - - 2* 4* 8* 21* 26* 30* 31*

 Indirect 9 273,435 5* - - - 2* 3* 9* 10* 11* 12*

 Direct and Indirect 26 674,918 14* - 1* 2* 5* 8* 21* 30* 30* 34*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 6 198,034 6* - - - 1* 3* 9* 11* 11* 11*

 Indirect 4 164,884 12* - - - 4* 12* 15* 16* 17* 17*

 Direct and Indirect 7 278,308 11* - - - 3* 10* 16* 17* 18* 18*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 541 14,324,414 11 1* 1 2 4 8 14 24 28 42*

 Indirect 154 4,081,907 6 - 1* 1* 2 4 7 12* 16* 23*

 Direct and Indirect 561 14,840,968 12 1* 1 2 4 9 16 26 31 50*

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 571 15,151,709 11 1* 1 2 4 8 14 24 29 41*

 Indirect 167 4,520,226 6 - 1* 1* 2 4 7 13* 16* 23*

 Direct and Indirect 594 15,794,194 12 1* 1 2 5 9 16 26 31 49*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:25 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-156

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-19

 Table C1. Other Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 29 67,185 18* - 3* 5* 7* 13* 24* 30* 36* 58*

 1-10 372 1,811,177 15 1* 2* 3 5 10 20 30 39* 69*

 11-19 106 2,222,020 10 - 1* 2* 3 6 12 22* 24* 44*

 20 + 500 9,565,631 10 1* 1 2 4 7 13 20 25 35*

 All ages 1,007 13,666,013 10 1* 2 2 4 7 14 22 28 43*

 Indirect < 1 51 115,120 65* 1* 1* 1* 13* 59* 101* 144* 149* 185*

 1-10 381 1,767,081 8 - - 1 2 5 11 17 23* 39*

 11-19 100 2,032,822 4 - - - 1 2 4 9* 13* 18*

 20 + 540 10,446,166 9 - 1 1 3 6 12 19 25 45*

 All ages 1,072 14,361,189 9 - - 1 2 6 11 19 25 52*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 59 135,650 64* - 2* 7* 21* 48* 102* 148* 166* 195*

 1-10 466 2,200,038 19 - 2 3 7 14 26 38 48 86*

 11-19 125 2,565,706 11 - 2* 3* 4 7 15 27* 33* 44*

 20 + 598 11,563,738 16 - 2 3 7 14 22 30 40 55*

 All ages 1,248 16,465,132 16 - 2 3 6 13 22 32 41 66*

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 36 103,970 16* - - 3* 5* 10* 15* 27* 38* 113*

 1-10 370 1,999,912 15 1* 2* 2 6 13 20 31 39* 64*

 11-19 80 1,546,572 10 - 1* 2* 3 7 16 23* 24* 37*

 20 + 633 10,493,999 9 - 1 1 3 6 12 19 26 37*

 All ages 1,119 14,144,453 10 - 1 2 3 7 14 22 28 48*

 Indirect < 1 56 168,269 59* - 4* 8* 16* 55* 84* 106* 127* 193*

 1-10 387 1,938,662 8 - - - 2 4 11 21 25* 45*

 11-19 86 1,659,627 5 - - 1* 2 4 6 12* 16* 22*

 20 + 672 11,084,391 8 - - 1 3 7 12 17 23 39*

 All ages 1,201 14,850,949 9 - - 1 2 6 11 18 25 53*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 69 202,190 58* - 4* 6* 17* 53* 81* 106* 136* 247*

 1-10 466 2,409,961 19 - 1 3 7 14 26 41 54 70*

 11-19 101 1,959,939 12 - 1* 2* 5 9 17 26* 35* 51*

 20 + 773 13,044,547 14 - 1 3 6 12 20 29 36 57*

 All ages 1,409 17,616,637 15 - 1 3 6 12 21 31 41 66*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-157

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-20

 Table C1. Other Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 65 171,155 17* - 2* 3* 6* 12* 21* 30* 38* 107*

 1-10 742 3,811,089 15 1* 2 3 5 11 20 31 39 66*

 11-19 186 3,768,592 10 - 1* 2* 3 7 13 22* 25* 41*

 20 + 1,133 20,059,630 9 - 1 2 4 7 13 19 25 36*

 All ages 2,126 27,810,466 10 - 1 2 4 7 14 22 28 45

 Indirect < 1 107 283,389 62 1* 1* 4* 15 55 91 123* 148* 201*

 1-10 768 3,705,743 8 - - 1 2 5 11 19 25 45*

 11-19 186 3,692,449 4 - - - 1 3 5 10* 15* 22*

 20 + 1,212 21,530,557 9 - - 1 3 6 12 19 24 41*

 All ages 2,273 29,212,138 9 - - 1 2 6 11 19 25 52

 Direct and Indirect < 1 128 337,840 60 - 4* 6* 17 54 89 126* 168* 238*

 1-10 932 4,609,999 19 - 2 3 7 14 26 39 51 78*

 11-19 226 4,525,645 12 - 1* 2 5 7 15 27 35* 52*

 20 + 1,371 24,608,285 15 - 1 3 6 13 21 30 39 58

 All ages 2,657 34,081,769 16 - 1 3 6 12 21 32 41 67

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-158

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-21

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 13 24,810 15* - - 4* 8* 11* 20* 22* 23* 36*

 0.5-0.9 16 42,375 20* - 2* 4* 7* 13* 25* 33* 36* 61*

 <2 61 168,852 21* - 4* 4* 6* 12* 25* 42* 71* 94*

 1-3 171 438,662 20 1* 2* 4* 6 13 28 39* 62* 88*

 4-6 142 539,415 16 - 2* 3* 5 11 22 37* 41* 64*

 <6 316 837,341 19 1* 3* 4 7 13 26 39 52* 83*

 7-10 59 833,100 11* - 2* 3* 4* 9* 15* 28* 29* 31*

 11-14 54 1,054,723 10* - 1* 3* 5* 7* 12* 21* 22* 41*

 15-19 52 1,167,297 9* 1* 2* 2* 3* 6* 11* 23* 27* 38*

 20 + 500 9,565,631 10 1* 1 2 4 7 13 20 25 35*

 20-24 25 606,174 7* - 1* 1* 3* 6* 10* 15* 16* 19*

 25-54 252 5,562,095 9 1* 1 2 4 6 13 20 25 35*

 55-64 114 1,591,274 9 - 2* 3* 5 7 12 20* 25* 34*

 65 + 109 1,806,088 11 2* 3* 4* 5 10 16 18* 22* 28*

 All ages 1,007 13,666,013 10 1* 2 2 4 7 14 22 28 43*

 Indirect <0.5 28 50,117 98* - 9* 25* 54* 86* 138* 157* 168* 193*

 0.5-0.9 23 65,003 40* - - 1* 3* 16* 71* 98* 105* 119*

 <2 90 243,749 37 - - 1* 3 13 59 115* 145* 169*

 1-3 182 475,257 11 - - 1* 3 6 14 24* 35* 56*

 4-6 140 514,169 7 - - 1* 2 5 11 13* 22* 31*

 <6 347 886,776 17 - - 1 3 6 14 45 85* 147*

 7-10 59 777,655 6* - - 1* 2* 4* 9* 16* 18* 22*

 11-14 56 1,050,012 5* - - - 1* 3* 6* 13* 15* 22*

 15-19 44 982,810 2* - - - 1* 2* 3* 5* 5* 10*

 20 + 540 10,446,166 9 - 1 1 3 6 12 19 25 45*

 20-24 23 569,746 6* - - - 1* 3* 6* 18* 20* 24*

 25-54 284 6,318,789 10 - 1 1 3 6 12 21 29 52*

 55-64 119 1,660,370 8 - 1* 2* 4 7 11 16* 18* 33*

 65 + 114 1,897,261 9 - 1* 2* 4 8 13 19* 20* 29*

 All ages 1,072 14,361,189 9 - - 1 2 6 11 19 25 52*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-159

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-22

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 31 58,860 89* - 9* 19* 33* 80* 126* 161* 181* 200*

 0.5-0.9 28 76,790 45* - - 2* 11* 29* 66* 102* 122* 161*

 <2 104 287,243 44 - 1* 4* 9 22 67 122* 149* 182*

 1-3 214 558,040 25 - 2* 3 9 17 35 51 68* 115*

 4-6 182 684,680 18 - 1* 2* 5 13 25 39* 53* 77*

 <6 422 1,102,419 28 - 1 4 9 18 36 65 92 149*

 7-10 70 957,318 15* 1* 2* 3* 7* 11* 22* 30* 32* 41*

 11-14 66 1,300,089 12* - - 2* 5* 7* 16* 27* 35* 47*

 15-19 59 1,265,617 10* - 2* 3* 4* 7* 13* 27* 30* 41*

 20 + 598 11,563,738 16 - 2 3 7 14 22 30 40 55*

 20-24 33 798,542 10* - - 1* 2* 8* 12* 20* 22* 32*

 25-54 313 6,889,946 17 - 2 3 6 13 22 32 44 62*

 55-64 127 1,770,409 16 - 3* 5 10 15 20 28 38* 42*

 65 + 125 2,104,841 18 1* 4* 5 9 17 24 31 36* 45*

 All ages 1,248 16,465,132 16 - 2 3 6 13 22 32 41 66*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-160

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-23

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 13 38,492 25* - - - 9* 14* 16* 21* 77* 129*

 0.5-0.9 23 65,478 11* - - - 4* 7* 13* 27* 32* 41*

 <2 74 247,925 17* - 2* 3* 6* 12* 23* 31* 39* 97*

 1-3 166 504,248 22 2* 3* 4* 7 17 27 45* 57* 86*

 4-6 141 568,607 15 - 3* 3* 7 12 20 31* 35* 48*

 <6 318 970,794 19 1* 3* 3 6 14 24 37 48* 83*

 7-10 63 927,057 12* 1* 1* 2* 3* 12* 17* 23* 29* 36*

 11-14 44 804,298 13* - 2* 2* 4* 8* 19* 24* 35* 38*

 15-19 36 742,274 7* - 1* 1* 3* 4* 7* 17* 19* 26*

 20 + 633 10,493,999 9 - 1 1 3 6 12 19 26 37*

 20-24 28 873,922 7* - 1* 1* 3* 4* 8* 15* 23* 28*

 25-54 312 6,472,807 8 - 1 1 3 5 11 18 24 39*

 55-64 119 1,337,857 9 - 1* 1* 4 7 11 20* 26* 38*

 65 + 174 1,809,413 12 - 1* 3 6 10 16 23 28* 35*

 All ages 1,119 14,144,453 10 - 1 2 3 7 14 22 28 48*

 Indirect <0.5 24 74,574 78* - - 10* 53* 60* 103* 129* 168* 211*

 0.5-0.9 32 93,695 44* - 3* 5* 10* 43* 72* 86* 91* 102*

 <2 98 328,129 34 - - 1* 4 11 55 94* 106* 168*

 1-3 185 550,227 9 - - 1* 2 6 12 23* 31* 46*

 4-6 138 496,824 8 - - - 2 4 11 21* 25* 43*

 <6 356 1,038,828 17 - 1* 1 3 8 17 52 78* 125*

 7-10 64 891,611 7* - - - 1* 3* 10* 14* 20* 43*

 11-14 48 850,724 7* - 1* 1* 2* 4* 8* 16* 22* 22*

 15-19 38 808,903 4* - - - 1* 3* 5* 9* 10* 10*

 20 + 672 11,084,391 8 - - 1 3 7 12 17 23 39*

 20-24 22 659,873 3* - - - 1* 2* 4* 8* 8* 17*

 25-54 343 7,034,453 9 - - 1 3 7 12 17 25 40*

 55-64 127 1,493,157 11 - 2* 2 4 8 15 21 27* 37*

 65 + 180 1,896,908 8 - 1* 1 3 7 11 16 17* 26*

 All ages 1,201 14,850,949 9 - - 1 2 6 11 18 25 53*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-161

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-24

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 29 88,805 76* - 5* 9* 21* 55* 102* 169* 218* 254*

 0.5-0.9 40 113,385 43* - 2* 4* 10* 34* 63* 91* 98* 117*

 <2 119 395,073 40 - 1* 3* 9 24 56 93* 106* 228*

 1-3 222 674,907 24 - 1* 3 7 18 34 55 64* 91*

 4-6 171 674,994 18 - 1* 3* 8 14 25 39* 53* 60*

 <6 430 1,287,842 28 1* 2 3 8 19 36 60 81 164*

 7-10 73 1,060,060 16* - 2* 2* 5* 13* 25* 37* 42* 69*

 11-14 53 922,060 17* - 2* 4* 7* 13* 24* 35* 37* 56*

 15-19 48 1,037,879 8* - - 2* 4* 5* 10* 17* 20* 24*

 20 + 773 13,044,547 14 - 1 3 6 12 20 29 36 57*

 20-24 33 981,604 9* 1* 1* 1* 3* 6* 13* 17* 24* 29*

 25-54 403 8,312,476 14 - 1 2 6 11 19 27 35 52*

 55-64 140 1,648,120 17 1* 3* 4 7 13 22 33 42* 59*

 65 + 197 2,102,347 18 - 2* 4 9 16 23 31 37* 57*

 All ages 1,409 17,616,637 15 - 1 3 6 12 21 31 41 66*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-162

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-25

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 26 63,302 21* - 3* 4* 9* 13* 17* 22* 52* 124*

 0.5-0.9 39 107,853 15* - - 2* 5* 7* 23* 32* 37* 53*

 <2 135 416,777 19 - 3* 4* 6 12 24 37* 56* 102*

 1-3 337 942,910 21 1* 3* 4 7 15 27 43 59* 89*

 4-6 283 1,108,022 15 - 2* 3 6 11 20 34 39* 56*

 <6 634 1,808,135 19 1* 3 4 7 14 25 38 49 85*

 7-10 122 1,760,157 12 1* 2* 2* 4 9 16 27* 30* 36*

 11-14 98 1,859,021 11 - 1* 2* 4 8 16 23* 24* 40*

 15-19 88 1,909,571 8 - 1* 2* 3 6 11 19* 25* 38*

 20 + 1,133 20,059,630 9 - 1 2 4 7 13 19 25 36*

 20-24 53 1,480,096 7 - 1* 1* 3 4 9 16* 20* 27*

 25-54 564 12,034,902 9 - 1 2 3 6 12 19 25 36*

 55-64 233 2,929,131 9 - 1* 2 4 7 12 21 26* 38*

 65 + 283 3,615,501 11 - 2 4 5 10 16 21 27 35*

 All ages 2,126 27,810,466 10 - 1 2 4 7 14 22 28 45

 Indirect <0.5 52 124,691 86* 1* 9* 17* 54* 69* 118* 149* 168* 214*

 0.5-0.9 55 158,698 42* - 1* 2* 8* 36* 75* 91* 101* 112*

 <2 188 571,878 36 - - 1* 4 12 57 101* 125* 172*

 1-3 367 1,025,484 10 - - 1 3 6 12 24 33* 48*

 4-6 278 1,010,993 8 - - - 2 5 11 18 25* 43*

 <6 703 1,925,604 17 - - 1 3 7 16 47 79 145*

 7-10 123 1,669,266 7 - - - 1 4 10 16* 20* 33*

 11-14 104 1,900,736 6 - - - 2 4 7 15* 18* 22*

 15-19 82 1,791,713 3 - - - 1 2 4 6* 9* 10*

 20 + 1,212 21,530,557 9 - - 1 3 6 12 19 24 41*

 20-24 45 1,229,619 4* - - - 1* 2* 5* 9* 18* 24*

 25-54 627 13,353,242 9 - - 1 3 6 12 20 26 48*

 55-64 246 3,153,527 10 - 1* 2 4 8 13 18 23* 38*

 65 + 294 3,794,169 9 - 1 2 4 8 12 17 20 28*

 All ages 2,273 29,212,138 9 - - 1 2 6 11 19 25 52

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-163

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-26

 Table C2. Other Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 60 147,665 82* - 7* 12* 24* 66* 112* 169* 200* 250*

 0.5-0.9 68 190,175 44* - 2* 4* 10* 33* 65* 95* 106* 147*

 <2 223 682,316 41 - 1* 3 9 24 59 103 130* 200*

 1-3 436 1,232,947 24 - 1 3 8 17 34 52 66 114*

 4-6 353 1,359,674 18 - 1* 3 6 13 25 39 54* 70*

 <6 852 2,390,261 28 - 2 4 8 19 36 62 88 150*

 7-10 143 2,017,378 16 1* 2* 3* 6 13 24 32* 38* 49*

 11-14 119 2,222,149 14 - 1* 3* 6 10 18 29* 37* 59*

 15-19 107 2,303,496 9 - 1* 2* 4 7 11 19* 27* 40*

 20 + 1,371 24,608,285 15 - 1 3 6 13 21 30 39 58

 20-24 66 1,780,146 9 - 1* 1* 3 7 13 20* 23* 30*

 25-54 716 15,202,422 15 - 1 3 6 12 21 30 40 59*

 55-64 267 3,418,529 17 1* 3 5 9 15 21 31 39 52*

 65 + 322 4,207,188 18 1* 3 5 9 16 24 31 37 50*

 All ages 2,657 34,081,769 16 - 1 3 6 12 21 32 41 67

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-164

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-27

 Table C3. Other Sources: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 5 130,533 11* - - - 2* 4* 11* 15* 26* 52*

 Indirect 5 129,523 8* - - - 1* 3* 10* 15* 17* 18*

 Direct and Indirect 6 146,492 17* - - - 7* 13* 20* 21* 27* 55*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 6 159,015 14* - - - - 10* 17* 23* 25* 27*

 Indirect 7 182,414 10* - - 2* 3* 4* 16* 20* 22* 24*

 Direct and Indirect 7 182,414 22* - - - 6* 16* 33* 42* 43* 44*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 211 5,146,341 9 1* 1* 2 3 6 11 19 23* 36*

 Indirect 223 5,473,282 8 - - 1 2 4 10 19 26* 50*

 Direct and Indirect 262 6,265,255 14 - 1* 3 5 10 20 29 37* 54*

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 222 5,435,889 9 1* 1* 2 3 6 12 19 25* 36*

 Indirect 235 5,785,219 8 - - 1 2 4 10 19 26* 49*

 Direct and Indirect 275 6,594,161 15 - 1* 3 5 10 20 30 41* 54*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:25 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-165

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-28

 Table D1. Missing Source: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 7 23,796 6* - - 2* 2* 3* 5* 10* 12* 13*

 1-10 116 595,146 9 - 1* 2* 3 6 13 18* 26* 39*

 11-19 31 703,886 8* - - 1* 2* 3* 9* 22* 24* 37*

 20 + 136 2,784,243 6 - 1* 1 2 4 7 12 22* 28*

 All ages 290 4,107,071 7 - 1* 1 2 4 8 17 23* 39*

 Indirect < 1 1 1,726 62* - - - - - - - - -

 1-10 15 86,614 3* - - - 1* 3* 5* 9* 9* 10*

 11-19 5 120,086 2* - - - - 1* 2* 2* 2* 10*

 20 + 42 768,037 6* - - 1* 1* 4* 8* 15* 18* 22*

 All ages 63 976,463 5* - - 1* 1* 3* 6* 15* 17* 21*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 8 25,522 10* - - 2* 2* 3* 7* 13* 26* 54*

 1-10 123 642,445 9 - 1* 1* 3 5 13 21* 26* 46*

 11-19 32 709,206 8* - 1* 1* 2* 4* 9* 23* 24* 37*

 20 + 161 3,209,132 7 - 1* 1 2 4 9 17 22* 31*

 All ages 324 4,586,305 7 - 1* 1 2 4 9 20 23* 39*

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 11 26,385 5* - 1* 1* 2* 3* 5* 5* 11* 18*

 1-10 122 624,268 7 - 1* 2* 3 4 9 17* 23* 37*

 11-19 27 692,020 5* - 1* 1* 3* 4* 8* 10* 11* 12*

 20 + 144 2,834,667 5 - - 1 2 3 7 11 19* 28*

 All ages 304 4,177,340 6 - 1* 1 2 4 7 11 19* 28*

 Indirect < 1 4 13,999 36* - - - - 11* 38* 78* 89* 94*

 1-10 24 125,716 13* - - - 2* 5* 9* 30* 43* 90*

 11-19 8 183,430 5* - - - 2* 3* 7* 8* 9* 10*

 20 + 49 885,950 7 - - 1* 2* 4 9* 17* 20* 24*

 All ages 85 1,209,095 8 - - 1* 2 4 9 19* 20* 51*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 15 40,384 16* - - 1* 2* 4* 19* 27* 67* 92*

 1-10 137 698,637 9 - 1* 1* 3 5 9 20* 29* 59*

 11-19 31 775,340 6* - 1* 1* 3* 5* 7* 10* 14* 19*

 20 + 168 3,225,441 7 - - 1 2 4 8 17 23* 38*

 All ages 351 4,739,802 7 - - 1 2 4 8 17 23* 42*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-166

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-29

 Table D1. Missing Source: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 18 50,181 5* - 1* 2* 2* 3* 5* 11* 13* 18*

 1-10 238 1,219,414 8 - 1* 2 3 5 10 18 26* 39*

 11-19 58 1,395,906 7* - 1* 1* 2* 4* 8* 11* 22* 34*

 20 + 280 5,618,910 6 - 1 1 2 3 7 12 22 28*

 All ages 594 8,284,411 6 - 1 1 2 4 8 14 22 39*

 Indirect < 1 5 15,725 39* - - - - 14* 65* 82* 88* 94*

 1-10 39 212,330 9* - - - 1* 3* 7* 22* 33* 76*

 11-19 13 303,516 4* - - - 1* 2* 5* 8* 9* 11*

 20 + 91 1,653,987 7 - - 1* 2 5 9 16* 19* 24*

 All ages 148 2,185,558 7 - - 1* 2 4 9 16* 20* 38*

 Direct and Indirect < 1 23 65,906 13* - - 1* 2* 3* 11* 20* 70* 89*

 1-10 260 1,341,082 9 - 1* 1 3 5 10 20 28* 48*

 11-19 63 1,484,546 7* - 1* 1* 2* 4* 8* 17* 23* 33*

 20 + 329 6,434,573 7 - 1 1 2 4 9 17 23 34*

 All ages 675 9,326,107 7 - 1 1 2 4 9 17 23 42*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-167

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-30

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 2 3,706 2* - - - - 2* 2* 3* 3* 3*

 0.5-0.9 5 20,090 7* - - - 3* 3* 7* 11* 12* 13*

 <2 18 62,942 8* - 2* 2* 3* 5* 11* 15* 16* 17*

 1-3 52 154,808 8* 1* 2* 2* 3* 5* 9* 15* 24* 36*

 4-6 43 155,276 12* - 1* 2* 3* 8* 14* 28* 36* 44*

 <6 95 309,534 10 1* 2* 2* 3 7 10 26* 32* 42*

 7-10 21 285,062 8* - 1* 1* 3* 5* 15* 15* 19* 22*

 11-14 15 287,517 6* - - 1* 2* 3* 8* 20* 21* 21*

 15-19 16 416,369 9* - - 1* 1* 3* 8* 24* 31* 38*

 20 + 136 2,784,243 6 - 1* 1 2 4 7 12 22* 28*

 20-24 11 305,485 8* - - 2* 2* 3* 5* 18* 23* 27*

 25-54 82 1,823,434 7 - 1* 1* 2 4 7 13* 22* 33*

 55-64 18 312,729 5* - 2* 2* 2* 3* 7* 10* 11* 11*

 65 + 25 342,595 4* - 1* 1* 1* 2* 6* 10* 11* 19*

 All ages 290 4,107,071 7 - 1* 1 2 4 8 17 23* 39*

 Indirect 0.5-0.9 1 1,726 62* - - - - - - - - -

 <2 3 10,726 14* - - - - - 5* 26* 44* 58*

 1-3 9 30,682 4* - - 1* 2* 3* 4* 7* 10* 11*

 4-6 3 14,489 6* - - - - 4* 7* 9* 9* 9*

 <6 13 46,897 7* - 1* 2* 2* 4* 7* 9* 10* 48*

 7-10 3 41,443 2* - - - - - 2* 4* 5* 5*

 11-14 3 64,040 2* - - - - - 1* 2* 6* 11*

 15-19 2 56,046 2* - - - - 1* 2* 2* 2* 2*

 20 + 42 768,037 6* - - 1* 1* 4* 8* 15* 18* 22*

 20-24 3 61,209 3* - - - - 2* 3* 3* 3* 3*

 25-54 19 377,524 6* - - - 1* 5* 7* 12* 15* 23*

 55-64 5 76,846 7* - - - - 5* 7* 11* 15* 19*

 65 + 15 252,458 7* - 1* 1* 2* 5* 9* 17* 19* 20*

 All ages 63 976,463 5* - - 1* 1* 3* 6* 15* 17* 21*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-168

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-31

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 2 3,706 2* - - - - 2* 2* 3* 3* 3*

 0.5-0.9 6 21,816 11* - - - 3* 3* 8* 13* 31* 55*

 <2 20 67,998 9* - 2* 2* 3* 5* 11* 16* 19* 46*

 1-3 58 176,518 8* 1* 2* 2* 3* 5* 9* 15* 23* 35*

 4-6 43 155,276 12* - 1* 2* 3* 8* 14* 29* 43* 48*

 <6 102 332,970 10 1* 2* 2* 3 6 10 26* 33* 48*

 7-10 22 310,651 8* - - 1* 2* 4* 14* 15* 22* 24*

 11-14 16 292,837 7* - - 1* 2* 3* 8* 20* 21* 22*

 15-19 16 416,369 9* - - 1* 1* 4* 8* 24* 31* 38*

 20 + 161 3,209,132 7 - 1* 1 2 4 9 17 22* 31*

 20-24 13 345,494 7* - - 2* 2* 3* 5* 18* 23* 27*

 25-54 91 1,993,646 7 - 1* 1* 2 4 9 16* 22* 33*

 55-64 21 352,717 6* - 2* 2* 2* 3* 8* 13* 16* 19*

 65 + 36 517,275 6* - 1* 1* 1* 3* 9* 17* 21* 26*

 All ages 324 4,586,305 7 - 1* 1 2 4 9 20 23* 39*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-169

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-32

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 5 12,318 4* - - - 3* 4* 5* 5* 5* 5*

 0.5-0.9 6 14,067 5* - - 1* 1* 2* 3* 10* 15* 19*

 <2 28 111,784 9* 1* 2* 2* 3* 5* 9* 22* 25* 37*

 1-3 58 196,351 9* - 1* 2* 3* 6* 10* 23* 26* 40*

 4-6 50 224,627 7* - 2* 2* 3* 5* 8* 16* 21* 31*

 <6 109 378,763 8 1* 2* 2* 2 5 10 18* 24* 40*

 7-10 14 203,290 6* - - 1* 3* 3* 4* 12* 17* 20*

 11-14 13 303,574 6* - - 1* 3* 5* 8* 10* 10* 12*

 15-19 14 388,446 5* - 1* 1* 3* 4* 6* 9* 10* 11*

 20 + 144 2,834,667 5 - - 1 2 3 7 11 19* 28*

 20-24 16 400,942 6* - - - 2* 4* 9* 11* 11* 11*

 25-54 81 1,808,510 5 - - 1* 1 3 7 14* 22* 28*

 55-64 21 272,640 3* - - 1* 1* 1* 4* 8* 9* 11*

 65 + 26 352,575 6* - - 1* 1* 2* 8* 14* 22* 28*

 All ages 304 4,177,340 6 - 1* 1 2 4 7 11 19* 28*

 Indirect <0.5 1 982 95* - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 3 13,017 32* - - - - 9* 24* 61* 74* 84*

 <2 10 42,234 31* - - 1* 1* 10* 40* 95* 103* 109*

 1-3 17 62,743 21* - 1* 1* 2* 7* 27* 43* 60* 100*

 4-6 4 13,267 8* - - - - 6* 9* 14* 16* 18*

 <6 24 87,267 22* - 1* 1* 2* 8* 26* 44* 93* 107*

 7-10 3 49,706 3* - - - - 1* 4* 6* 7* 7*

 11-14 2 32,246 6* - - - - - 6* 7* 7* 7*

 15-19 6 151,184 4* - - - 1* 3* 5* 9* 9* 10*

 20 + 49 885,950 7 - - 1* 2* 4 9* 17* 20* 24*

 20-24 2 85,388 7* - - - - - 7* 9* 10* 11*

 25-54 30 609,505 7* - - 1* 2* 4* 8* 17* 20* 23*

 55-64 5 54,387 7* - - - - 4* 12* 15* 15* 15*

 65 + 12 136,670 11* - - - 2* 7* 16* 18* 19* 51*

 All ages 85 1,209,095 8 - - 1* 2 4 9 19* 20* 51*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-170

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-33

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 6 13,300 11* - - 2* 3* 4* 5* 5* 34* 83*

 0.5-0.9 9 27,084 18* - - - 1* 2* 20* 34* 60* 81*

 <2 35 135,202 18* - 1* 2* 3* 7* 19* 38* 82* 117*

 1-3 68 225,955 14* - 1* 2* 3* 7* 13* 33* 44* 100*

 4-6 53 235,152 7* - 1* 2* 3* 5* 8* 16* 20* 31*

 <6 126 432,891 11 1* 1* 2* 2 5 10 27* 42* 94*

 7-10 16 237,530 5* - - - 2* 4* 7* 10* 16* 20*

 11-14 14 324,873 6* - - 1* 3* 5* 8* 10* 11* 14*

 15-19 17 450,467 6* - - 1* 2* 4* 7* 10* 15* 19*

 20 + 168 3,225,441 7 - - 1 2 4 8 17 23* 38*

 20-24 16 400,942 7* - - - 2* 4* 11* 14* 16* 17*

 25-54 96 2,087,768 7 - - 1* 2 4 7 18* 24* 35*

 55-64 24 317,585 4* - - 1* 1* 1* 6* 9* 11* 23*

 65 + 32 419,146 9* - 1* 1* 1* 2* 10* 19* 28* 52*

 All ages 351 4,739,802 7 - - 1 2 4 8 17 23* 42*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-171

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-34

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 7 16,024 4* - - - 2* 4* 5* 5* 5* 5*

 0.5-0.9 11 34,157 6* - 1* 1* 2* 3* 6* 12* 15* 19*

 <2 46 174,726 9* 1* 2* 2* 3* 5* 11* 18* 23* 34*

 1-3 110 351,159 9 1* 2* 2* 3 6 10 21* 26* 38*

 4-6 93 379,903 9 1* 1* 2* 3 6 10 23* 30* 44*

 <6 204 688,297 9 1* 2* 2 3 6 10 19 26* 42*

 7-10 35 488,352 7* - 1* 1* 3* 4* 12* 15* 19* 22*

 11-14 28 591,091 6* - 1* 1* 2* 5* 8* 10* 19* 21*

 15-19 30 804,815 7* - 1* 1* 2* 4* 8* 15* 24* 36*

 20 + 280 5,618,910 6 - 1 1 2 3 7 12 22 28*

 20-24 27 706,427 6* - - - 2* 4* 9* 11* 16* 26*

 25-54 163 3,631,944 6 - - 1 2 3 7 13 22* 34*

 55-64 39 585,369 4* - 1* 1* 2* 3* 6* 9* 11* 11*

 65 + 51 695,170 5 - 1* 1* 1 2 7 12* 17* 27*

 All ages 594 8,284,411 6 - 1 1 2 4 8 14 22 39*

 Indirect <0.5 1 982 95* - - - - - - - - -

 0.5-0.9 4 14,743 35* - - - - 12* 56* 76* 81* 86*

 <2 13 52,960 28* - - 1* 2* 5* 38* 85* 101* 108*

 1-3 26 93,425 15* - 1* 2* 2* 4* 20* 39* 44* 95*

 4-6 7 27,756 7* - - - 2* 7* 9* 11* 14* 17*

 <6 37 134,164 17* - 1* 1* 2* 6* 19* 43* 75* 105*

 7-10 6 91,149 3* - - - - 1* 3* 6* 7* 7*

 11-14 5 96,286 3* - - - - 1* 4* 7* 8* 12*

 15-19 8 207,230 4* - - - 1* 2* 3* 8* 9* 10*

 20 + 91 1,653,987 7 - - 1* 2 5 9 16* 19* 24*

 20-24 5 146,597 5* - - - 2* 3* 3* 8* 10* 11*

 25-54 49 987,029 6 - - 1* 1* 4 8* 15* 19* 25*

 55-64 10 131,233 7* - - - 2* 6* 9* 15* 16* 19*

 65 + 27 389,128 8* - 1* 1* 2* 6* 14* 18* 20* 34*

 All ages 148 2,185,558 7 - - 1* 2 4 9 16* 20* 38*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-172

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-35

 Table D2. Missing Source: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 8 17,006 9* - - - 3* 4* 5* 5* 17* 80*

 0.5-0.9 15 48,900 15* - - 1* 2* 3* 16* 27* 69* 83*

 <2 55 203,200 15* - 1* 2* 3* 5* 14* 27* 69* 112*

 1-3 126 402,473 11 1* 2* 2* 3 6 10 27* 36* 77*

 4-6 96 390,428 9 1* 1* 2* 3 6 10 23* 31* 48*

 <6 228 765,861 11 1* 2* 2 3 6 10 27 36* 79*

 7-10 38 548,181 7* - - 1* 2* 4* 11* 15* 19* 24*

 11-14 30 617,710 6* - 1* 1* 2* 5* 8* 12* 19* 22*

 15-19 33 866,836 7* - 1* 1* 1* 4* 8* 20* 24* 36*

 20 + 329 6,434,573 7 - 1 1 2 4 9 17 23 34*

 20-24 29 746,436 7* - - - 2* 4* 10* 17* 18* 26*

 25-54 187 4,081,414 7 - - 1 2 4 8 18 23* 34*

 55-64 45 670,302 5* - 1* 1* 2* 3* 7* 11* 15* 20*

 65 + 68 936,421 7 - 1* 1* 1 3 9 19* 26* 44*

 All ages 675 9,326,107 7 - 1 1 2 4 9 17 23 42*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-173

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-36

 Table D3. Missing Source: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 2 62,335 20* - - - - 11* 20* 25* 26* 28*

 Direct and Indirect 2 62,335 20* - - - - 11* 20* 25* 26* 28*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 4 81,473 11* - - - 4* 8* 10* 16* 18* 20*

 Indirect 2 58,554 1* - - - - 1* 1* 1* 1* 1*

 Direct and Indirect 5 117,029 8* - - - - 5* 8* 15* 18* 21*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 73 1,833,841 7* - 1* 1* 2* 3* 7* 19* 24* 39*

 Indirect 15 312,343 4* - - - 1* 3* 6* 10* 10* 23*

 Direct and Indirect 79 1,936,623 8 - 1* 1* 2* 3 8* 22* 24* 39*

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 78 1,959,495 8 - 1* 1* 2* 4 8* 22* 27* 39*

 Indirect 17 370,897 4* - - - 1* 2* 5* 9* 10* 21*

 Direct and Indirect 85 2,097,833 8 - 1* 1* 2 4 9 22* 28* 39*

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:25 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
E-174

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-37

 Table E1. All Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct < 1 347 862,823 20 2* 2* 3 6 12 24 41 64* 113*

 1-10 3,338 16,520,524 19 1 3 4 8 15 26 39 50 83

 11-19 734 14,803,317 12 1* 2 2 5 9 16 24 31 56*

 20 + 4,064 84,905,084 13 1 2 3 6 10 17 26 31 52

 All ages 8,483 117,091,748 14 1 2 3 6 11 18 27 34 62

 Indirect < 1 575 1,430,139 79 1* 3 7 35 71 113 156 182 283*

 1-10 3,480 16,679,889 9 - - 1 3 6 12 20 27 48

 11-19 706 14,053,680 5 - - - 1 3 6 11 15 23*

 20 + 4,306 90,301,970 9 - 1 2 4 7 13 19 24 39

 All ages 9,067 122,465,678 10 - 1 1 3 7 12 19 26 56

 Direct and Indirect < 1 615 1,543,465 84 2* 6 9 31 75 118 171 199 290*

 1-10 3,721 18,158,460 26 1 4 7 12 21 33 50 65 102

 11-19 798 16,039,089 15 - 2 4 7 13 20 29 36 56*

 20 + 4,421 92,737,736 21 2 5 7 12 18 27 37 45 69

 All ages 9,555 128,478,750 22 1 4 6 11 18 28 39 50 90

 b. Male

 Direct < 1 342 877,449 18 2* 2* 4 6 12 22 38 57* 92*

 1-10 3,437 17,525,503 19 2 3 4 8 14 25 38 49 78

 11-19 740 15,380,750 13 1* 2 2 5 9 16 25 35 65*

 20 + 4,265 79,639,289 11 1 2 2 5 9 15 23 30 50

 All ages 8,784 113,422,991 13 1 2 3 5 10 16 26 35 63

 Indirect < 1 544 1,399,446 75 1* 3 7 35 67 105 141 171 250*

 1-10 3,565 17,518,544 9 - - 1 3 6 12 21 29 50

 11-19 718 15,071,630 5 - - - 2 3 6 11 15 25*

 20 + 4,541 83,922,512 9 - 1 1 3 7 11 18 23 44

 All ages 9,368 117,912,132 9 - - 1 3 6 11 18 25 60

 Direct and Indirect < 1 589 1,512,928 80 2* 6 11 34 70 109 153 181 273*

 1-10 3,862 19,376,469 25 1 4 6 12 21 33 49 62 95

 11-19 794 16,633,487 16 1* 3 4 8 13 21 32 42 68*

 20 + 4,709 87,605,178 19 1 4 6 10 16 24 34 43 67

 All ages 9,954 125,128,062 20 1 4 6 10 16 25 38 50 86

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-175

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-38

 Table E1. All Sources: Gender by Broad Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct < 1 689 1,740,272 19 2* 2 3 6 12 24 39 62 110*

 1-10 6,775 34,046,027 19 1 3 4 8 15 25 38 49 81

 11-19 1,474 30,184,067 12 1* 2 2 5 9 16 24 32 60*

 20 + 8,329 164,544,373 12 1 2 3 5 10 16 25 31 51

 All ages 17,267 230,514,739 13 1 2 3 5 10 17 27 35 62

 Indirect < 1 1,119 2,829,585 77 1* 3 7 35 69 109 147 176 269*

 1-10 7,045 34,198,433 9 - - 1 3 6 12 20 28 49

 11-19 1,424 29,125,310 5 - - - 1 3 6 11 15 25*

 20 + 8,847 174,224,482 9 - 1 1 4 7 12 18 24 41

 All ages 18,435 240,377,810 9 - - 1 3 7 12 19 26 59

 Direct and Indirect < 1 1,204 3,056,393 82 2* 6 10 33 73 114 164 195 289*

 1-10 7,583 37,534,929 26 1 4 7 12 21 33 50 63 99

 11-19 1,592 32,672,576 16 - 3 4 7 13 20 31 39 64*

 20 + 9,130 180,342,914 20 1 4 7 11 17 26 36 44 68

 All ages 19,509 253,606,812 21 1 4 6 11 17 26 38 50 87

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 13SEP01 16:52 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F1.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-176

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-39

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct <0.5 139 335,909 21 1* 2* 2* 7 12 21 42* 92* 119*

 0.5-0.9 208 526,914 19 2* 2* 3 6 11 25 41 52* 89*

 <2 752 2,415,451 22 2* 3 4 8 16 28 43 60 111*

 1-3 1,556 4,847,872 23 2* 4 5 10 17 30 45 59 105*

 4-6 1,321 5,153,304 21 2* 3 5 9 17 28 43 53 84*

 <6 3,003 9,154,780 22 2 3 5 9 17 29 43 57 97

 7-10 461 6,519,348 15 1* 3 4 7 11 20 30 37 58*

 11-14 367 7,110,202 11 - 2* 2 5 9 14 22 26* 49*

 15-19 367 7,693,115 12 1* 2* 2 4 9 17 25 32* 57*

 20 + 4,064 84,905,084 13 1 2 3 6 10 17 26 31 52

 20-24 290 8,045,255 15 1* 2 2 5 10 16 27 37 79*

 25-54 2,109 49,830,039 13 1 2 3 5 10 17 26 32 50

 55-64 693 10,328,573 13 1* 2 3 6 10 17 25 30 47*

 65 + 972 16,701,217 13 1* 2 4 7 11 17 24 28 39*

 All ages 8,483 117,091,748 14 1 2 3 6 11 18 27 34 62

 Indirect <0.5 264 626,273 107 1* 7* 13 64 106 142 184 232* 308*

 0.5-0.9 311 803,866 57 - 2* 5 15 54 82 112 141* 178*

 <2 1,029 3,190,682 44 - 1 3 7 20 68 118 150 233*

 1-3 1,676 5,225,476 13 - 1 2 4 9 17 29 38 73*

 4-6 1,358 5,281,998 9 - - 1 3 6 12 19 25 38*

 <6 3,381 10,184,697 21 - 1 1 4 9 20 54 96 169

 7-10 446 6,172,415 6 - - 1 2 4 9 15 18 25*

 11-14 349 6,601,514 5 - - - 1 4 7 11 13* 21*

 15-19 357 7,452,166 4 - - - 1 3 6 10 16* 24*

 20 + 4,306 90,301,970 9 - 1 2 4 7 13 19 24 39

 20-24 319 8,647,213 6 - - 1 2 4 9 14 18 28*

 25-54 2,253 53,414,914 10 - 1 1 3 7 13 20 26 44

 55-64 729 10,979,658 10 1* 2 3 5 8 13 19 24 38*

 65 + 1,005 17,260,185 10 - 2 3 5 9 13 17 22 33*

 All ages 9,067 122,465,678 10 - 1 1 3 7 12 19 26 56

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-177

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-40

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Female

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 291 700,004 106 2* 5* 9 45 100 147 194 243* 335*

 0.5-0.9 324 843,461 66 2* 6* 9 26 58 94 123 168* 206*

 <2 1,105 3,454,603 56 1* 5 9 18 36 78 126 169 247*

 1-3 1,775 5,564,866 32 1* 5 9 15 26 41 61 80 128*

 4-6 1,457 5,730,080 27 1* 4 7 13 22 36 52 66 98*

 <6 3,598 10,898,783 38 1 5 8 16 27 47 79 111 189

 7-10 489 6,863,514 20 1* 4 6 10 17 26 36 45 70*

 11-14 395 7,608,976 15 - 2* 4 7 13 19 28 36* 51*

 15-19 403 8,430,113 15 - 2 4 7 12 20 29 37 58*

 20 + 4,421 92,737,736 21 2 5 7 12 18 27 37 45 69

 20-24 337 9,161,874 19 - 3 5 9 15 22 33 42 89*

 25-54 2,319 54,890,324 21 1 4 7 11 18 27 38 47 69

 55-64 740 11,100,632 22 2* 6 9 14 20 28 38 43 59*

 65 + 1,025 17,584,906 22 5* 8 10 14 20 27 35 41 54*

 All ages 9,555 128,478,750 22 1 4 6 11 18 28 39 50 90

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-178

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-41

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct <0.5 135 342,736 19 2* 3* 4* 7 13 22 33* 63* 108*

 0.5-0.9 207 534,713 17 1* 2* 3 6 10 23 38 44* 82*

 <2 751 2,577,375 19 2* 3 4 8 14 25 39 52 90*

 1-3 1,581 5,195,196 22 2* 4 5 9 17 29 43 56 90*

 4-6 1,361 5,252,570 21 2* 3 5 9 17 28 43 57 83*

 <6 3,036 9,615,759 21 2 3 5 9 16 28 43 58 89

 7-10 495 7,077,737 15 1* 3 4 7 12 20 30 36 52*

 11-14 368 7,049,861 14 1* 2* 3 6 10 17 28 40* 59*

 15-19 372 8,330,889 12 1* 2* 2 5 9 15 22 28* 68*

 20 + 4,265 79,639,289 11 1 2 2 5 9 15 23 30 50

 20-24 301 8,358,993 13 - 1 2 4 9 17 28 43 74*

 25-54 2,238 50,825,693 11 1 2 2 5 9 14 23 31 49

 55-64 691 8,480,221 10 1* 1 2 5 8 14 21 25 35*

 65 + 1,035 11,974,382 11 1* 2 3 6 10 15 21 26 35*

 All ages 8,784 113,422,991 13 1 2 3 5 10 16 26 35 63

 Indirect <0.5 257 645,173 101 1* 7* 21 59 93 134 172 214* 288*

 0.5-0.9 287 754,273 52 1* 2* 4 21 51 77 105 122* 141*

 <2 996 3,240,848 41 - 1 2 7 18 62 109 135 214*

 1-3 1,709 5,616,021 12 - 1 1 4 9 16 28 36 68*

 4-6 1,387 5,309,232 9 - - 1 3 6 13 21 29 42*

 <6 3,394 10,641,400 20 - 1 1 4 9 19 51 83 153

 7-10 469 6,593,291 7 - - 1 2 5 9 14 20 30*

 11-14 363 7,024,018 5 - - - 2 4 7 13 17* 25*

 15-19 355 8,047,612 5 - - - 2 3 6 10 14* 30*

 20 + 4,541 83,922,512 9 - 1 1 3 7 11 18 23 44

 20-24 295 8,140,991 6 - - 1 2 4 9 14 17 25*

 25-54 2,394 53,644,056 9 - 1 1 3 7 12 19 25 49

 55-64 764 9,408,366 10 - 2 3 5 8 12 18 25 40*

 65 + 1,088 12,729,099 9 1* 2 3 5 8 12 17 20 29*

 All ages 9,368 117,912,132 9 - - 1 3 6 11 18 25 60

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-179

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-42

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 b. Male

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 282 708,294 101 2* 7* 15 55 94 136 178 224* 303*

 0.5-0.9 307 804,634 60 2* 4* 10 27 58 84 116 135* 169*

 <2 1,079 3,549,751 51 1* 4 8 17 34 70 116 145 225*

 1-3 1,827 6,049,728 30 1* 4 7 14 26 39 59 73 116*

 4-6 1,503 5,751,688 28 1* 5 8 14 24 37 54 69 96*

 <6 3,647 11,456,976 36 1 4 7 15 27 44 75 101 165

 7-10 532 7,575,053 20 1* 4 6 10 17 26 36 45 64*

 11-14 391 7,502,076 18 1* 3* 4 8 14 23 37 44* 64*

 15-19 403 9,131,411 15 - 3 4 7 11 18 29 39 71*

 20 + 4,709 87,605,178 19 1 4 6 10 16 24 34 43 67

 20-24 331 9,062,650 17 - 1 3 7 14 22 35 45 75*

 25-54 2,494 56,048,495 19 1 4 6 10 16 24 35 45 68

 55-64 773 9,545,569 19 1* 6 7 11 17 24 32 39 63*

 65 + 1,111 12,948,464 19 3* 6 8 12 18 25 32 37 50*

 All ages 9,954 125,128,062 20 1 4 6 10 16 25 38 50 86

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-180

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-43

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct <0.5 274 678,645 20 2* 2* 3 7 12 22 39 80* 119*

 0.5-0.9 415 1,061,627 18 2* 2 3 6 10 24 39 49 86*

 <2 1,503 4,992,826 20 2* 3 4 8 14 26 42 57 106*

 1-3 3,137 10,043,068 22 2 4 5 10 17 29 43 57 96

 4-6 2,682 10,405,874 21 2 3 5 9 17 28 43 55 83

 <6 6,039 18,770,539 22 2 3 5 9 17 28 43 57 93

 7-10 956 13,597,085 15 1* 3 4 7 12 20 30 37 52*

 11-14 735 14,160,063 13 1* 2 3 5 10 16 25 34 51*

 15-19 739 16,024,004 12 1* 2 2 4 9 16 24 31 65*

 20 + 8,329 164,544,373 12 1 2 3 5 10 16 25 31 51

 20-24 591 16,404,248 14 - 1 2 5 10 16 27 41 76*

 25-54 4,347 100,655,732 12 1 2 3 5 9 16 25 32 50

 55-64 1,384 18,808,794 12 1 2 3 5 9 16 23 28 39

 65 + 2,007 28,675,599 12 1 2 3 6 10 16 23 27 38

 All ages 17,267 230,514,739 13 1 2 3 5 10 17 27 35 62

 Indirect <0.5 521 1,271,446 104 1* 7 21 62 98 137 176 217 293*

 0.5-0.9 598 1,558,139 54 1* 2 5 17 53 81 107 127 170*

 <2 2,025 6,431,530 42 - 1 2 7 20 64 114 142 221

 1-3 3,385 10,841,497 13 - 1 1 4 9 17 28 37 68

 4-6 2,745 10,591,230 9 - - 1 3 6 12 20 26 41

 <6 6,775 20,826,097 20 - 1 1 4 9 20 53 90 164

 7-10 915 12,765,706 7 - - 1 2 4 9 15 19 29*

 11-14 712 13,625,532 5 - - - 2 4 7 12 15 25*

 15-19 712 15,499,778 5 - - - 1 3 6 10 15 25*

 20 + 8,847 174,224,482 9 - 1 1 4 7 12 18 24 41

 20-24 614 16,788,204 6 - - 1 2 4 9 14 18 26*

 25-54 4,647 107,058,970 9 - 1 1 3 7 12 19 26 47

 55-64 1,493 20,388,024 10 - 2 3 5 8 13 18 25 38

 65 + 2,093 29,989,284 9 - 2 3 5 8 13 17 21 33

 All ages 18,435 240,377,810 9 - - 1 3 7 12 19 26 59

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-181

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-44

 Table E2. All Sources: Gender by Fine Age Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Gender Age Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 c. Both sexes

 Direct and Indirect <0.5 573 1,408,298 104 2* 6 11 54 98 141 191 234 316*

 0.5-0.9 631 1,648,095 63 2* 5 10 27 58 88 120 152 198*

 <2 2,184 7,004,354 53 1 5 8 17 35 74 120 156 236

 1-3 3,602 11,614,594 31 1 4 7 15 26 40 60 75 120

 4-6 2,960 11,481,768 28 1 4 7 14 23 36 53 68 98

 <6 7,245 22,355,759 37 1 4 8 15 27 46 77 106 176

 7-10 1,021 14,438,567 20 1* 4 6 10 17 26 36 45 68*

 11-14 786 15,111,052 16 1* 3 4 8 14 21 33 40 60*

 15-19 806 17,561,524 15 - 2 4 7 12 19 29 38 66*

 20 + 9,130 180,342,914 20 1 4 7 11 17 26 36 44 68

 20-24 668 18,224,524 18 - 2 4 8 14 22 34 44 86*

 25-54 4,813 110,938,819 20 1 4 6 11 17 26 37 46 69

 55-64 1,513 20,646,201 20 2 6 8 12 18 26 35 42 59

 65 + 2,136 30,533,370 21 4 7 9 13 19 27 34 39 54

 All ages 19,509 253,606,812 21 1 4 6 11 17 26 38 50 87

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 18FEB04 12:20 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F4.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 757 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 6,314,627 individuals in the population.
E-182

 Part IV: Estimates of Direct, Indirect, and Both Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion IV-45

 Table E3. All Sources: Pregnant, Lactating, and Childbearing Age Women Categories

 Consumers Only

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Milliliters/Kg of Body Weight/Day

 _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Women Categories Sampsize Population Mean P1 P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 P99

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 a. Pregnant

 Direct 61 1,545,974 16* - 2* 3* 7* 16* 23* 29* 31* 33*

 Indirect 66 1,661,169 7* - - 1* 2* 4* 9* 16* 17* 19*

 Direct and Indirect 69 1,728,389 21* - 3* 5* 10* 19* 29* 39* 44* 61*

 b. Lactating

 Direct 35 959,364 20* - 1* 4* 9* 17* 31* 39* 47* 52*

 Indirect 39 1,114,793 12* - - 2* 3* 7* 13* 23* 26* 63*

 Direct and Indirect 40 1,141,186 28* - 6* 9* 12* 25* 41* 53* 57* 70*

 c. Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Age 15-44

 Direct 1,921 48,815,413 13 1* 2 3 5 10 16 26 33 64*

 Indirect 2,041 51,736,453 8 - - 1 2 6 11 18 23 38

 Direct and Indirect 2,149 54,286,950 19 1 3 5 9 16 25 35 46 77

 d. Women Age 15-44

 Direct 2,017 51,318,687 13 1 2 3 5 10 17 27 33 63

 Indirect 2,145 54,494,261 8 - - 1 2 6 11 18 23 39

 Direct and Indirect 2,258 57,154,461 20 1 3 5 9 16 25 36 46 77

 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Source of data: 1994-1996, 1998 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) 10MAR03 15:25 M:\PW\OSTWATER\REQ006\R006_F3.LST

 Estimates are based on 2-day averages.

 All estimates exclude commercial and biological water.

 -: Means zero.

 *: The sample size does not meet minimum reporting requirements as described in the "Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States."

 NOTE: 57 individuals did not report body weight. They represent 1,415,151 individuals in the population.
F-1

Appendix F

SAB Report and EPA Response

Appendix F includes the results of a review of the July 1999 version of this report by the Drinking

Water Intake Subcommittee (DWIS), a special subcommittee of the EPA SAB. The OST's response

follows at the end of the appendix.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
United States Science Advisory EPA-SAB-EC-00-003

Environmental Board (1400A) December 1999

Protection Agency Washington DC www.epa.gov/sab

AN SAB REPORT ON

EPA’s Per Capita Water

Ingestion Estimates for the

United States

A Review by the Executive

Committees’ Drinking Water

Ingestion Subcommittee
ABSTRACT

The Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee (DWIS) of the Science Advisory Board’s

(SAB) Executive Committee reviewed a report on the Estimated Per Capita Water Consumption

in the United States. The document presents estimates of drinking water ingestion for the total

U.S. population and a number of subgroups of interest. Estimates are given for many age,

gender, and other descriptors. The Subcommittee was pleased with the report’s use of a

substantial existing data base to improve upon the current EPA estimates for drinking water

ingestion. The current Report is largely descriptive and contains little discussion of factors

embedded within the original survey and the Agency’s analytical method for deriving estimates

that inform the reader of important factors that should guide use of the estimates. The

Subcommittee noted its desire to see a greater level of discussion on these elements so that

unintended misuse of the data can be minimized. 

Keywords: Drinking water ingestion, exposure factors, drinking water consumption, drinking

water intake. 
 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR 

SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD

December 20, 1999

EPA-SAB-EC-00-003

The Honorable Carol Browner

Administrator

United States Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW

Washington, DC 20460

Subject: An SAB Report on EPA’s Per Capita Water Ingestion in the

United States

Dear Ms. Browner:

This report presents the results of a review by the Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee,

a special subcommittee established by the EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB) Executive

Committee in response to a request from the Agency’s Office of Water to review its report

entitled Estimated Per Capita Water Consumption in the United States. The review was carried

out during two meetings with representatives of the Agency during July 1999. The

Subcommittee concluded that the EPA report will be an important reference with extensive

utility both inside and outside the Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, the

Subcommittee believes that the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Continuing Survey of

Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) was the best available information source for the Agency to

use in developing its estimates of drinking water ingestion by the U. S. population. The CSFII

also provides a valid data set for estimating water ingestion for a limited number of subgroups

within the population. However, the Subcommittee has concerns about the descriptive nature of

the EPA report because it contains no explicit discussion of how these estimates might

reasonably be used by the Agency in its scientific assessment and policy considerations.
2

Even though the report will be invaluable in providing information about the distribution

of water consumption among the general population, it may be of limited value in providing

information about the drinking water consumption of certain subpopulations that may be of

interest to the Agency and to other users of the report. However, this limitation is due to the

characteristics of the CSFII survey and not because of the Agency's analysis and interpretation of

the data. The CSFII survey was aimed at characterizing the food intake of the general

population and was not designed to gather information on specific subgroups or situations (e.g.,

very young children, Native Americans, individuals with diseases which impact their water

consumption or workers in hot environments). As a result, although specific groups of interest

are represented in the survey in proportion to their occurrence in the general population, the

information needed to identify them may not be present and, even when it is, the sample sizes in

the subgroups that can be identified are often too small to provide useful information on their

water intake (e.g., for young children in certain ethnic or socioeconomic groups). Further, even

though Native Americans are represented in the survey, the information gathered in CSFII does

not allow one to differentiate which of the Native Americans who were included in the survey

follow traditional Native American culture and lifestyle and which of them practice

contemporary urban and suburban lifestyles.

Several approaches are possible if the Agency finds that it needs information on the

distribution of water intake in subgroups, or for situations that are not adequately described by

CSFII. One is to commission special surveys designed to gather the needed information about

these groups. A second approach would be to rely on current understanding of the physiological

need for water by individuals in different situations (e.g., developmental stages, physiological

states, or environments) to characterize the likely water consumption and then to couple this

information with survey information on the distribution of these developmental stages,

physiological states, and environments in the population. Each approach has its strengths and

weaknesses.

 The draft report could be considerably strengthened, and the potential for

misinterpretation of its findings could be reduced substantially, if the Agency provided

information on the statistical significance of differences in water consumption between major

subgroups of the population. Without such information, users of the report may be inclined to

emphasize the differences in water consumption among subgroups which may in fact be artifacts

of small sample sizes.
3

The SAB is prepared to provide additional review and assistance as EPA further develops

these estimates. We look forward to the response to these comments from the Assistant

Administrator for the Office of Water.

Sincerely,

Dr. Joan M. Daisey, Chair

Science Advisory Board 

Dr. Henry Anderson, Cochairman Dr. Richard Bull, Cochairman

Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee

Science Advisory Board Science Advisory Board
i

NOTICE

This report has been written as part of the activities of the Science Advisory Board, a

public advisory group providing extramural scientific information and advice to the

Administrator and other officials of the Environmental Protection Agency. The Board is

structured to provide balanced, expert assessment of scientific matters related to problems facing

the Agency. This report has not been reviewed for approval by the Agency and, hence, the

contents of this report do not necessarily represent the views and policies of the Environmental

Protection Agency, nor of other agencies in the Executive Branch of the Federal government, nor

does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute a recommendation for use.

Distribution and Availability: This Science Advisory Board report is provided to the EPA

Administrator, senior Agency management, appropriate program staff, interested members of the

public, and is posted on the SAB website (www.epa.gov/sab). Information on its availability is

also provided in the SAB’s monthly newsletter (Happenings at the Science Advisory Board). 

Additional copies and further information are available from the SAB staff.
ii

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Science Advisory Board

Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee

Panel for Review of the EPA Report on Drinking Water Consumption

July 8 and 19-20, 1999

Co-Chairs

Dr. Henry A. Anderson, Wisconsin Bureau of Public Health, Madison, WI

Dr. Richard Bull, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA

Panelists

Dr. Judy Bean, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

Dr. Cynthia Bearer, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH

Dr. John Evans, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

Dr. Anna Fan-Cheuk, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA

Dr. Richard Gilbert, Battelle Washington Office, Washington, DC

Dr. Barbara L. Harper, Yakama Indian Nation, Richland, WA

Dr. Michael Jayjock, Rohm and Haas Co., Spring House, PA

Dr. Kai-Shen Liu, California Department of Health Services, Berkeley, CA

Dr. Edo Pellizzari, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC

Dr. Barbara Petersen, President, Novigen Sciences, Inc., Washington, D.C.

Science Advisory Board Staff

Mr. Thomas O. Miller, Designated Federal Official, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

Washington, DC 

Ms. Dorothy Clark, Management Assistant, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

Washington, DC 20460
iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................ 1

1.1. EPA’s goals and objectives as stated for the Report, and the analyses it contains, 

are too limited .................................................... 1

1.2. The report should state that EPA did not have information that would allow

calculation of confidence intervals for subpopulations ..................... 3

1.3. The Agency should develop a strategy for the analysis, presentation and interpretation 

of the Report’s data that is consistent with the intended uses of the data ............. 3

2. INTRODUCTION AND CHARGE .................................................... 4

3. SUBCOMMITTEE COMMENTS. .................................................... 6

3.1. General Comments ......................................................... 6

3.2. EPA’s goals and objectives as stated for this Report, and the analyses it contains, are 

too limited ............................................................. 7

3.3. The EPA Report should state that EPA did not have information that would allow calculation

of confidence intervals for subpopulations. .................................. 10

3.4. The Agency needs to develop a strategy for the analysis, presentation, and interpretation 

of the data that is consistent with the intended uses of the data ................... 10

Appendix A: Responses to Specific Agency Charge Questions ............................... A-1

Charge Question 1. Statistical methodology ................................ A-1

Charge Question 2. Confidence limits .................................... A-1

Charge Question 3. Short-term data and long-term estimates .................. A-1

Charge Question 4. Data conventions ..................................... A-2

Charge Question 5. Subpopulation distributions ............................ A-3

Charge Question 6. Subpopulations included ............................... A-4

Charge Question 7. Indirect water ....................................... A-5

Charge Question 8. Food types not covered ................................ A-6

Charge Question 9. Intrinsic water ....................................... A-6

Charge Question 10. Other issues ........................................ A-7

Charge Question 11. Zero values ........................................ A-8

 References ................................................................. R-1
1

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Science Advisory Board (SAB) was

asked to perform a peer review of the Agency report Estimated Per Capita Water Consumption

in the United States (hereafter referred to as the Report). The SAB Executive Committee

established the Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee (DWIS) to conduct this review. The DWIS

reviewed the Report during two meetings: one, a telephone conference meeting, on July 8, 1999

and the other, a face-to-face meeting, on July 19 to 20, 1999. Major Subcommittee comments

on the EPA Report are contained below in this SAB report. Specific responses to the 11 charge

questions are provided in Appendix A to this SAB report.

EPA is commended for seeking out databases that can be used for estimating ingestion of

drinking water on a national scale. The database selected as the analytic basis for the report, the

U. S. Department of Agriculture’s Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (hereafter,

the CSFII or the Survey), is the best available and has critical attributes that allow advancement

of our understanding of ingestion of water by the general population of the United States. The

Agency’s efforts to develop ingestion estimates from the CSFII survey data were significant.

The committee believes that the EPA Report will be an important reference resource with

extensive utility both within and outside the Agency. However, the following issues must be

considered if the Report is to achieve its full potential.

1.1 EPA’s goals and objectives as stated for this Report, and the analyses it contains,

were too limited.

The Subcommittee is concerned that the Report is only descriptive and that it does not

explicitly discuss how the estimates might be reasonably used. The Agency has both scientific

and policy reasons for estimating water ingestion for the overall population, and for

subpopulations, that are not discussed in the report. Some of these respond to the statutory

mandate in the Safe Drinking Water Act. But there are other needs for information on drinking

water intake in risk assessment and regulation which involve establishing default values for

water ingestion, estimation of risks to highly exposed and/or sensitive subpopulations, and

characterization of the distribution of individual risks or the impacts of specific control

strategies. Important implications to these uses are not discussed in the current report. 

EPA often uses default values for water ingestion levels when it develops allowable

concentrations for contaminants in drinking water. The Subcommittee is encouraged that this

EPA report provides information that will permit analysts to use specific data for water ingestion

in many future situations where allowable concentrations must be developed. For others, the

Report will provide assistance for developing information on the distribution of drinking water

ingestion by individuals that includes new information and the relationship of ingestion to

factors such as age, gender, and disease status. 
2

While the report does a good job of characterizing the distribution of drinking water

consumption in the entire US population, and in the major subdivisions of the US population

(i.e., by age, sex, race, and geographic region), it does not provide the information that some

users may want on drinking water ingestion by smaller subpopulations. Further, certain groups

may have higher than normal water ingestion levels or they may be more sensitive to the effects

of contaminants in drinking water. Examples of these would include very young children and

workers in hot and/or dry climates. 

This limitation exists because the CSFII data upon which the Agency relied for

generating its estimates were collected in an effort to characterize the patterns of food

consumption in the general population. They did not target certain subgroups that are now of

heightened interest to EPA. Therefore the samples in certain subgroups are so small that the

CSFII estimates of water consumption in these groups may be quite imprecise. Compounding

this problem is the Report’s omission of statistical confidence intervals for most of the ingestion

estimates among subgroups of the population. If legislative mandates or regulatory analysis

require information on the water consumption of these subgroups, further studies will be needed.

Many of the results presented in the report may be sensitive to assumptions made during

data analysis. Examples of such data analysis conventions include the choice of regional

boundaries and the assignment of a principal source for ingested water. Currently the report

does not include a section analyzing the sensitivity of key results to these assumptions. The

Subcommittee urges the Agency to conduct a sensitivity analysis and to add a section to the

report describing the key findings from the sensitivity analysis.

Another key issue influencing the interpretation of the CSFII data is the choice of

averaging time. We know that in many other settings (e.g., air pollution exposure assessment)

heterogeneity tends to decrease as averaging time increases. The exact nature of the relationship

between averaging time and observed heterogeneity depends on the features of the data being

explored. For certain purposes (e.g., cancer risk assessment) the population distributions of long

term average exposures may be of interest. The current EPA report provides information about

drinking water intake averaged over TWO days. Therefore, to minimize the potential for misuse

of the data in the EPA Report, users might benefit if the Agency clearly stated the averaging

time on all tables and graphs in the report. Further, it may be necessary to more fully explore the

sensitivity of results to alternative choices of averaging time.

Therefore, the Subcommittee recommends that the EPA Report discuss the

characteristics of the EPA methods for estimating ingestion, and the USDA method for

conducting the CSFII, that have important implications for those who must use the ingestion

data. 
3

1.2 The EPA Report should state that EPA did not have information that would allow

calculation of confidence intervals for sub-populations.

A discussion point for the subcommittee centered on the question of whether it was

appropriate to provide data without meaningful confidence intervals. The design of the CSFII

survey requires use of an ultimate cluster methodology which is an aggregate of sampled persons

within each primary sampling unit. Smaller subpopulations within the sample (e.g., the less than

one year olds) did not meet these criteria. This prevents the calculation of confidence intervals

using the ultimate cluster methodology. It would be good to clarify this point for the readers of

the report.

1.3 The Agency should develop a strategy for the analysis, presentation and

interpretation of the Report’s data that is consistent with the intended uses of the

data. 

The Agency has taken a purely descriptive approach to the analysis and presentation of

data. This results in numerous tables containing drinking water ingestion estimates for many

conceivable combinations of attributes examined (e.g., Native American males by age group and

by geographic region, etc.). While this superficially exhaustive presentation of data may seem

attractive, the Subcommittee is concerned that this strategy for analysis, interpretation, and

presentation of the data is inadequate and potentially misleading. We urge the Agency to

develop a strategy for data analysis which, at a minimum, provides only those estimates of

drinking water intake for which estimates of uncertainty can also be developed, and preferably

which includes formal hypothesis tests of the significance of differences in the water

consumption of various groups. Further, the number of tables presented in the report should be

substantially reduced and limited to only those which support Agency needs and for which valid

estimates of precision can be provided. If the Agency feels that certain tables for which valid

estimates of precision can not be produced are necessary, this fact should be prominently

displayed on each such table.
4

2. INTRODUCTION AND CHARGE

The Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee was asked to conduct a peer review of the

Agency Report that provides estimates of per capita water intake in the United States. The

Report contains estimates of the amount of direct and indirect water consumption. Direct water

consumption is defined as plain water consumed directly as a beverage. Indirect water is that

water added to foods and beverages during final home or restaurant preparation. 

Empirical distributions of estimated water consumption were generated by water source

and by the respondent’s demographic and physical characteristics. Water sources include: a) the

community water supply, b) bottled water, c) other sources including the respondent’s own well,

rain cistern, spring, or public spring. Physical and demographics characteristics include: age,

gender, race, socioeconomic status, and geographic region. Estimates were also generated

separately for pregnant and lactating women.

The distributions of estimated water ingestion include point estimates of the mean and

the following percentiles: 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 99th. Confidence

intervals for the mean and bootstrap intervals for the upper percentiles are provided for only the

larger subpopulations. 

The charge to the Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee from the Office of Science and

Technology, US EPA Office of Water included the following questions:

a) The distributions of estimated water intake were generated using standard

statistical methodology for surveys with complex designs such as the 1994-96

CSFII. Is the statistical methodology used to generate the estimates appropriate? 

Should we consider rounding?

b) We have limited the calculation of confidence intervals about the mean and boot

strap intervals for percentiles to the distributions for the larger sub-populations. 

The complex sample design makes the calculation and interpretation of results for

smaller sub-populations virtually impossible to calculate and interpret. Is this an

appropriate decision?

c) The CSFII survey is based on short-term survey data. Upper percentile estimates

may differ for short-term and long-term data because short-term survey data tends

to be inherently more variable. Is it appropriate to report upper percentile

estimates such as the 99th percentile?

d) Are the data conventions used to identify direct and indirect water appropriate?

e) Do the data support estimates of sub-population distributions?

f) We have provided distributions of estimated water intake for numerous sub-
5

populations. Should any additional sub-populations be added? Should any be

excluded? Specify sub-populations.

g) USDA has identified two types of indirect water in foods. They are:

 i. The amount of water in food as consumed.

ii. The amount of water used to prepare food.

The water intake report provides estimates of the amount of indirect water in food

as consumed. If resources permit, we could expand our report as a future

addendum to include estimates of the amount of indirect water used to prepare

food. Would this be desirable?

h) Additional water intake estimates associated with types of food may be useful for

specific risk-exposure analyses, e.g., cold beverage intake. Such analyses are

feasible using the CSFII data. We could expand our report as a future addendum

if resources permit. Are any such targeted analyses of significant interest at this

time?

i) Intrinsic water is the water contained in foods and beverages at the time of market

purchase. Intrinsic water includes commercial water (added to food products by

food manufacturers) and biological water (found naturally in foods). Intrinsic

water is not included in our current analysis. If resources permit, we could

expand our report as a future addendum to includes estimates of intrinsic water. 

Would this be desirable?

j) What are the scientific limitations to the use of the water consumption estimates

provided in this report (i.e., what other issues has the Subcommittee noted with

the estimates that are not covered elsewhere)?

k) The water intake estimates provided in this report are based on all respondents,

including those who did not report consuming water during the two survey days. 

If resources permit, we could also generate estimates of water consumption which

exclude the zero consumers of water. We noticed that for some sub-populations,

especially the less than one-year-old infants, a substantial proportion consumed

zero or minimal amounts of tap water per day (presumably those who were breast

fed or drank undiluted formula or milk); these zero consumers of water can

contribute to lower estimates. Would this be desirable?
6

3. SUBCOMMITTEE COMMENTS

3.1 General Comments

The Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee (DWIS) of the EPA Science Advisory Board

(SAB) has reviewed the Agency’s report entitled Estimated Per Capita Water Consumption in

the United States during two meetings: one on July 8, 1999 and the other on July 19 to 20, 1999. 

Specific responses to the Agency’s charge questions are provided in Appendix A to this SAB

report.

EPA used the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) as its data source

for use in deriving its drinking water ingestion estimates. EPA is commended for seeking out

databases that can be used for estimating drinking water ingestion for the population at a national

scale. This was the best data source available and it had critical attributes that allow

advancement of our understanding of drinking water ingestion in the general U. S. population

and the Agency made good use of the data. Several strengths of the USDA 1994-96 CSFII

database are worth highlighting.

a) The database is large, recent, and it is a population based survey.

b) The database permits the categorization of various sources of ingested water.

c) The convention used to estimate the fraction of water in each food as consumed

was scientifically defensible. 

d) The database permits a breakdown of the US population into some major groups

based on age, gender, special populations of females, regions, and broad

classifications of ingested water source.

The committee believes that the EPA Report will be an important source of information

on drinking water ingestion. The report will enjoy extensive use as a reference resource for

those within and outside of the Agency. 

Even though this report will allow EPA to better understand contaminant exposures

associated with drinking water ingestion it does not, nor was it intended to, provide insight into

exposure to drinking water contaminants associated with dermal exposure (e.g., during bathing

or showering). Further, even though it provides estimates for some combinations of attributes,

many such attribute combinations are possible. Most of these are not included nor could all

possible combinations of potential interest be covered (e.g., infants who live in hot climates and

have health conditions which affect water intake). Therefore, to fully estimate contaminant

exposures associated with drinking water, EPA will need to go beyond projections that are based

solely on information contained in this specific Report. 

Notwithstanding the strengths of the Survey and the EPA Report noted above, the
7

Subcommittee does have a number of concerns with the Report. If the Report is to achieve its

full potential there are a number of issues that require further attention. These are discussed in

Sections 3.2 through 3.4 that follow.

3.2 EPA’s goals and objectives as stated for this Report, and the analyses it contains,

are too limited.

The report was constructed only as a descriptive report without an explicit discussion of

how the estimates in the Report might reasonably be applied by users. The subcommittee has

several recommendations for revision to address this current shortcoming:

a) The Report needs a prominent and early explanation of the logic used in the

survey design and in the analyses used to develop the Agency’s estimates. This

explanation should be understandable by the educated layperson. This is not a

criticism of the technical logic used in the analysis, rather, it simply recognizes

that most users of these estimates will not have the specialized knowledge of

statistics needed to understand fully the approach used.

b) The report must provide a much clearer indication of which estimates are reliable

and which ones are not as reliable. The extensive tables of statistics that appear

to break down the population to several subgroups provide potential users of the

data with a false sense of security about the precision of the estimates. This

practically guarantees that the results will be applied in ways not supportable by

the database.

The Agency has both scientific and policy reasons for estimating water ingestion in the

overall population and in subpopulations of interest. Some of these come from the statutory

mandates of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), but others come from the broader

environmental health community, such as: a) risk assessment; b) development of default values;

and c) sensitive subpopulations. The implications of the survey characteristics and the analyses

supporting EPA’s estimates on these uses of the ingestion estimates are not sufficiently

discussed in the Report.

Risk assessments are scientifically-based efforts to estimate the impact that exposure to a

contaminant, or groups of contaminants in water, may have on human health. For waterborne

risk scenarios, it is important to construct as complete a picture of water ingestion as is possible. 

Some of the distinctions in the present estimates limit that capability. For example, as the

Agency rightly points out, direct and indirect water represent only part of potential tap water

ingestion (and therefore exposure to waterborne contamination). Commercial water (that water

added by the manufacturer prior to marketing–not now included in the EPA estimates) is

frequently taken from tap sources, although these are frequently far removed from the point of

consumption. This does not mean that the estimates obtained from the present study cannot be

used in developing risk assessments, but part of the exposure assessment may have to obtain

broader categories of water source than are identified in the present analysis of the data. Such
8

limitations in the tabular data need to be clearly stated in the report.

In its current configuration, the report provides estimates that are composites of both

those who reported drinking water during both survey days and those who reported drinking

none on those days. As EPA noted in its charge to the Subcommittee, this could result in

underestimates of drinking water ingestion. EPA traditionally uses a default value for water

ingestion when converting a “safe dose” (mg/kg/day) to enforceable concentration limits in

drinking water. The Report permits EPA to use improved data in developing such limits. 

However, the Subcommittee believes that such analyses should focus on those portions of the

population that actually ingest drinking water. The estimates needed in this circumstance should

not be diluted by including large numbers of individuals that reported no water ingestion during

the survey (see Question 11 in Appendix A). In its current configuration, the report provides

only the diluted estimates. Ingestion estimates should be developed by EPA to reflect only those

who actually reported water ingestion as well as the current composite situation. When

sufficient data are available to estimate confidence intervals, these Survey data can be used to

develop default values.

Some subpopulations of interest are adequately represented in the report (e.g., pregnant

women) but others identified included too few representatives (e.g., children of Native

Americans). For this reason, the Subcommittee strongly recommends that the Report make

explicit the limitations of the estimates. The breakout of pregnant and lactating women provides

at least a starting point for defining the amount of water that is consumed by populations that

may have special sensitivities. There are also some data that can be used to estimate water

consumption by individuals of varying age. However, it is important to recognize and identify

the limitations of these data for smaller populations (e.g., children of Native Americans/

Alaskans). In addition, other populations could be identified that consume higher amounts of

water (e.g., diabetics and individuals with kidney disease) that, while not rare in the overall

population, are well below the statistical power of the Survey to detect. If there are not sufficient

data to support development of relatively robust measures of confidence, the use of the data to

describe water ingestion by these smaller subgroups would be misleading and do a disservice to

these groups. If these groups are to be a source of particular concern in the Agency’s regulatory

agenda, surveys should be conducted that are adequate to support such estimates. Some other

data sources might be superior for such purposes (e.g., NHANES).

The report provided insight into the 1.0 liter/10 kilogram default value for ingestion of

drinking water by children that is currently used by EPA. The analysis presented in the EPA

report shows that water consumption per unit body weight is very high at birth and falls off

sharply with age. The Subcommittee is encouraged that the EPA Report now provides

information that will permit analysts to use specific data for water ingestion in many future

instances where allowable concentrations must be developed. For others, the Report will

provide a better basis for developing reasonable defaults.

In the Agency’s derivation of maximum contaminant limit goals (MCLGs) the

mathematical operation essentially converts consumption to ml/kg/day, the Subcommittee
9

believes that there is significant value to be gained from expressing estimates in these units as

well as volume ingested. When shown in such units, the real differences in water consumption

by age become much more apparent than when given as volume measures alone. Ml/kg/day

figures are best used until ingestion stabilizes and then the daily volume becomes equally

appropriate.

Clearly, the EPA Report is not intended to answer questions about other critical

subpopulations (e.g., workers that consume very large quantities of water because of the exertion

involved in their work or because of working in hot and/or dry climates). This points to an

opportunity for future work in this area. Some of this information may already be available in

the literature. If not such efforts could involve designing a relatively simple hypothesis and

model of the determinants of water ingestion. Some independent variables for such a model of

water ingestion could include: a) level of effort or metabolic rate; b) average ambient air

temperature; c) average ambient relative humidity; d) body weight; and e)age.

Describing and capturing data for these predictor variables, and subsequent water

ingestion for subpopulations that share common (and relatively narrow) ranges of these

variables, could lead to the identification of the subpopulations of greatest concern for

contaminant exposures through drinking water. It might also lead to the development and

validation of a comprehensive model for the prediction of water ingestion from such parameters. 

The resulting simple hypothesis and model of the determinants of water ingestion could be used

generically because it would reflect water needs of individuals. In some individuals most, if not

all, of that water requirement might come from tap water. Those are the persons that the SDWA

is intended to protect. If more accurate estimates of actual drinking water ingestion are needed,

appropriate data could be collected by targeted surveys. The results could always be

benchmarked against the basic water needs of individuals under different physiological

conditions.

The value of some of the tabular distributions provided in the analysis is not clear. For

example, water ingestion was provided by region. The Subcommittee’s agrees with the need for

regional estimates; however, the political regions identified in the Agency Report were probably

too large. The within region variability of ingestion is probably much larger than that between

regions.

It is important to emphasize that risk is a function of both exposure and sensitivity.

Sensitivity is determined by genetics, developmental stage (old as well as young), lifestyle, and

preexisting disease conditions that are not addressed in the Report. The Agency should simply

point out that these other determinants of sensitivity are not addressed in the report. 

3.3 The EPA Report should state that EPA did not have information that would allow

calculation of confidence intervals for sub-populations.
10

A discussion point for the subcommittee centered on the question of whether it was

appropriate to provide data without meaningful confidence intervals. The design of the CSFII

survey requires use of an ultimate cluster methodology which is an aggregate of sampled persons

within each primary sampling unit. Smaller subpopulations within the sample (e.g., the less than

one year olds) did not meet these criteria. This prevents the calculation of confidence intervals

using the ultimate cluster methodology. It would be good to clarify this point for the readers of

the report.

3.4 The Agency needs to develop a strategy for the analysis, presentation, and

interpretation of data that is consistent with the intended uses of the data. 

The report should contain a description of the methodology used for analyzing the data. 

This would better explain the approach employed for those who are not experts in the

sophisticated statistical techniques. In addition, the report should contain a strategy for future

analyses of the data including some hypothesis testing. 

Data validation and quality assurance procedures used in the development of the report

should be prominently documented, with especial attention to conventions that were developed

to handle some of the data.

The presentation of numerous tables containing estimates developed in the Agency

analysis are clearly not appropriate for many of the applications the Agency will have for this

information. Tables should be substantially reduced. Instead of numerous tables with estimates

having unknown confidence levels the report should be limited to tables with estimates that

support agency needs and for which valid estimates of reliability can be provided. These tables

should be displayed in a useful way with significant figures appropriate to the level of precision

in the estimates. The text surrounding these fewer tables should make clear the limitations of the

estimates and whether they can be applied with confidence to evaluations of the subpopulations

with which they are identified. 

For example, the Subcommittee had very little confidence that the data reported for

Native Americans reflected a Native American lifestyle (see Question 6 in Appendix A). There

is a difference between “race” and “lifestyle”. The reasons for different intake rates primarily

reflects lifestyle (secondarily SES), and probably not race per se. If the Agency is convinced that

this data reflects such a lifestyle, it should explain the rationale supporting the conclusion. A

contrary conclusion should also be clearly explained.

Similarly, separate tables should be provided reflecting ingestion estimates for those

respondents reporting water ingestion during the two days captured in the CSFII. This should be

in addition to tables that reflect estimates based on a composite of respondents reporting

tapwater ingestion and those who did not report such ingestion. Both sets of analyses provide

important perspectives depending upon the use that the data will be applied to by the Agency. 

There are also good reasons to display data in both in terms of ml/kg/day as well as liters

consumed. In all cases these data should include some measure of the precision of the estimate.
11

It is extremely important to segregate estimates for children by age for the reasons stated

earlier. However, it is much less important to separate estimates for adults by age because the

differences observed are much smaller. In adults the future analytical focus should be on

identifying subpopulations that consume more water for other reasons, such as preexisting

disease (e.g., diabetes mellitus), occupational conditions, or effects due to climate.
A-1

Appendix A

Responses to Specific Agency Charge Questions

1. Statistical Methodology

Charge Question 1: The distributions of estimated water intake were generated

using standard statistical methodology for surveys with complex designs such as the 1994-96

CSFII. Is the statistical methodology used to generate the estimates appropriate? The methodology described in the document is an appropriate technique to produce

estimates from a multi-stage, stratified, clustered sample. The Agency, however, did not clearly

state that the estimates were generated from a summary tape containing only final weights

assigned to individuals. This means that the Agency was limited in what it could do with the

data. References to the documents describing estimating equations for the US Department of

Agriculture’s Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals are needed. 

2. Confidence Limits

Charge Question 2: We have limited the calculation of confidence intervals

about the mean and boot strap intervals for percentiles to the distributions for the larger subpopulations. The complex sample design makes the calculation and interpretation of results for

smaller sub-populations virtually impossible to calculate and interpret. Is this an appropriate

decision?

Yes. However, the rationale for this is buried in the narrative. The Subcommittee

recommends that the Agency state more clearly, and in a prominent place, its reasoning for not

calculating such intervals throughout the report. Also, the convention of placing “zeros” as

entries in the tables for place-holders where no estimates have been generated is confusing. The

Subcommittee recommends inserting “dashes” in place of such zeros. This convention is used

by others reporting results from such efforts.

3. Short-term Data and Long-term Estimates

Charge Question 3: The CSFII survey is based on short-term survey data. 

Upper percentile estimates may differ for short-term and long-term data because short-term

survey data tends to be inherently more variable. Is it appropriate to report upper percentile

estimates such as the 99th percentile?

The decision whether to report upper percentile estimates depends in part on whether the

quality of these estimates is sufficient for their intended use. Quality may be judged by the

number of individuals interviewed, the fulfillment of underlying assumptions, and the computed
A-2

statistical precision, bias and confidence in the percentile estimates. Uses of the drinking water

ingestion estimates may be very broad and could include risk assessment, rule-development for

microbial contaminants of drinking water and disinfection by-products, as well as other uses not

now anticipated. Some uses of drinking water ingestion estimates may require the short-term

survey data available from the present CSFII survey data (i.e., estimates of daily averages based

on only two non-consecutive days of data), while other uses may need long-term survey data

(i.e., estimates based on more than 2 days of data). For example, short term data and a

knowledge of the variability of such data can be useful for risk assessments of acute health

effects such as diarrhea due to microbiological contamination, whereas long term data and a

knowledge of its variability are needed for risk assessments of long-term health effects such as

cancer. As the short-term data available from the current CSFII survey are not ideally suited for

all uses, it is particularly important that the report adequately describe the quality of the

estimates so that users can judge if the results of the current survey are of sufficient quality. As

indicated above, this quality can be described in various ways such as by providing variances

and confidence limits for estimated percentiles, by carefully stating and explaining all

assumptions used in obtaining those estimates, and by the number of individuals interviewed in

the various subcategories.

The number of individuals interviewed in subcategories is sometimes very small in the

CSFII data. This point is illustrated by reference to Table A-3b in Section 11e of the EPA

Report. In this table, there is only one individual in the <0.5 year age category and only three

individuals in the 0.5-0.9 age category. Clearly, upper percentiles should not be reported for

categories for which the number of persons interviewed is so small. The National Center for

Health Statistics has issued guidelines on minimum sample sizes required to obtain credible

estimates. These guidelines should be considered by EPA as a way to decide when drinking

water estimates should be flagged as being of lower than acceptable quality.

Taking these considerations into account, this Subcommittee believes it is appropriate

that the lower and upper percentile estimates obtained from the CSFII survey be reported, but

that additional guidance on their quality and when they should and should not be used should be

provided.

4. Data Conventions

Charge Question 4: Are the data conventions used to identify direct and indirect

water appropriate?

A series of conventions was established to allow the estimation of water intake as a result

of water consumed as a component of foods. The procedure is described in detail and is

essentially the same as that used previously by Ershow and Cantor (1989) and by the Office of

Pesticides Program (Tolerance Assessment System, 1985). The procedures as described are

appropriate and will allow EPA to account for moisture gained and lost during cooking and

allow the estimation of the proportion of water from home supplies versus from commercial

water sources. A quick check of the results of applying the conventions to the CSFII food codes
A-3

indicates that the procedures worked well. The results appear to be in the anticipated ranges. 

The data should be rounded to reflect the appropriate level of precision. It would also be useful

to note in the text and on any files containing the factors that these represent a factor that is a

composite of factors, e.g., that different types of rice, rice cooked different lengths of time and

by different consumers will have different amounts of moisture and therefore different factors. 

 The Agency did not conduct a quality assurance check on the data. Given the multitude

of uses for this information, the Subcommittee recommends that a formal QA/QC audit be

conducted to ensure that the conventions were actually applied to each code as described in the

methodology.

Where indirect water and intrinsic water are lost during cooking, it is necessary to

determine how much is lost from each source. This is an arbitrary decision and the proposed

approach seems reasonable. Validation of the estimates should be undertaken to verify the

results.

5. Subpopulation Distributions

Charge Question 5: Do the data support estimates of subpopulation

distributions?

The CSFII data were used to generate point and interval estimates of daily average per

capita water ingestion in the manner presented in Section 8b of the EPA Report. Point estimates

presented include the mean, 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th 75th, 90th, 95th and 99th percentiles. 

Subpopulations defined are gender, age, region, race, economic status, residential status and

certain specific female subpopulations of pregnant and lactating women of childbearing age. 

The results are presented in section 11 by water source and by nine sociodemographic

categories. 

 Examination of the tables on pages 11-3 through 11-326 easily reveals many

subcategories without sufficient observations to support the point estimates. For example, Table

A-3b on pages 11-15 and 11-16 shows point estimates of community water intake by race and

fine age category. Between the American Indians and Native Alaskans, there is only one

individual under 6 months and there are only three individuals in each of three other age

categories. Presenting point estimates this way will likely mislead readers. Potential users

should be cautioned about the uncertainty of point estimates having small sample sizes.

Whenever possible, point estimates should be presented with confidence intervals. But

due to small sample size of some subpopulations, not all confidence intervals can be computed

from the data. It is not clear how many interval estimates cannot be derived from the data

available to the Agency. Only Tables 1, 2, and Figure 9-20 in Section 9 include 90% confidence

intervals. A survey of over 15,000 individuals should allow more confidence intervals to be

calculated and presented.
A-4

Although parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, and modeling are difficult because of

the complex nature of this survey, the valuable information collected deserves further

exploration. A strategy should be developed to analyze, interpret, and present data on subpopulations in a systematic and meaningful way. The first set of tables presented should be for

major subpopulations such as gender (male vs. female), age (infants, children, youth, adults),

race (white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Native Alaskan), and region

(northeast, Midwest, south, west) without further subdivision. Both point and interval estimates

should be provided for each category of these major subpopulations. Hypothesis testing should

be carried out to see if the differences among categories are statistically significant. 

In Section 11, ingestion estimates for nine sociodemographic subpopulations are

presented by water source. No rationale is given for why, among all the possible combinations

of major subpopulations that could have been selected, these nine combinations of

sociodemographic variables were chosen for presentation. Further, without understanding the

meaning and limitations of the data, over 200 pages of tables are of limited usefulness to readers. 

If the relative importance of various sociodemographic variables can be evaluated by modeling

and hypothesis testing, cross-tabulation can be focused on a limited number of significant

variables.

6. Subpopulations Included

Charge Question 6: We have provided distributions of estimated water intake

for numerous subpopulations. Should any additional subpopulations be added? Should any be

excluded? Specify subpopulations.

The Report provided distributions of estimated water intake for a relatively large number

of subpopulations. As discussed earlier, the available data do not support reporting of some of

the values that are placed in the tables. This does not negate the need to lay out water ingestion

rates for subpopulations that might be at greater risk from drinking water contaminants. There

are clearly examples that are at least as important as those reported upon. These are pointed out

by the Subcommittee with the recognition that the CSFII database will not provide the needed

data for such analyses. Nevertheless, the Agency is encouraged to seek better estimates of the

distributions for two broad categories:

a) Sub-populations with different lifestyles, occupations, or activities. 

I) Infants and toddlers are not a homogeneous group. There is a

population of infants in the 0-3 months of age group that receive

constituted powdered formula exclusively. These infants could be

consuming as much as 180-200 ml/kg/day from the same source of tap

water.

ii) Dietary survey misses lifestyles of specific cultural groups (e.g.,

Native American, recent immigrants) that are still practiced

iii) People who live in hot climate areas.
A-5

iv) People who consume large amounts of water because of physical

activity (can consume as much as 300-500 ml/kg/day)

b) Health conditions that affect water intake: 

I) Diabetes

ii) Conditions requiring rapid rehydration needs (GI upsets, food

poisoning)

iii) Disorders of water and sodium metabolism.

The subcommittee also noted that there are aspects of water ingestion that might be better

addressed by taking a physiological approach. If total water ingestion is first thought of in terms

of the needs that are defined by physiological state, developmental stage, levels of activity

(reflected in metabolic rates), and environmental settings a general model could be constructed. 

This approach will always capture the upper limit, as one can assume that all of the water that is

not intrinsic to food could be derived from the tap. Then more accurate estimates of sources of

the actual water consumed could be constructed from survey information that is targeted to the

sub-populations of interest. This could be a more efficient way of addressing drinking water

ingestion by subpopulations of interest to EPA, in particular those noted in ‘a’ above.

7. Indirect Water

Charge Question 7: USDA has identified two types of indirect water in foods: 

a) the amount of water in food as consumed; and b) the amount of water used to prepare food. 

The water intake report provides estimates of the amount of indirect water in food as consumed. 

If resources permit, we could expand our report as a future addendum to include estimates of the

amount of indirect water used to prepare food. Would this be desirable?

The current ingestion report provides estimates of the amount of indirect water in food as

consumed. The amount of water used to prepare food may be greater, owing to evaporative loss

during preparation. This loss can result in a concentration of non-volatile contaminants. Such

increases are chemical specific. To be able to calculate the amount of residue concentration,

both the amount of indirect water in food as consumed, and the amount of indirect water used to

prepare food must be known. This analysis should be limited to only those foods where the

amount of water added to prepare the food is known. The amount of water which is first boiled,

then added to food such as that used to prepare infant formula, is not known.

The critical question is whether preparation leads to large changes in the distribution or

ingestion of water contaminants in the population. Certainly in some cases the losses of water

volume could be large, but are they consistent within individual consumers. In addition, it is not

clear how common a practice unattended boiling or extensive boiling might be. There are many

other more important variables that remain unaddressed with respect to sensitive populations. 

Consequently, pursuit of this issue should reflect programmatic priorities with respect to

sensitive subpopulations. 
A-6

An omission in consideration of indirect water that could be significant appears to be soft

drinks prepared from syrup in restaurants, fast-food establishments, and bars. Again, the pursuit

of this detail has to set within the priorities of the program. However, some initial evaluations

might be made by contacting the appropriate industry representatives to obtain information on

the ratio of syrup to canned/bottled soda sold.

8. Food Types Not Covered

Charge Question 8: Additional water intake estimates associated with types of

food may be useful for specific risk-exposure analyses, e.g., cold beverage intake. Such analyses

are feasible using the CSFII data. We could expand our report as a future addendum if

resources permit. Are any such targeted analyses of significant interest at this time? 

This question was withdrawn by the Agency during the discussions at the July 19-20,

1999 Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee meeting.

9. Intrinsic Water

Charge Question 9: Intrinsic water is the water contained in foods and

beverages at the time of market purchase. Intrinsic water includes commercial water (added to

food products by food manufacturers) and biological water (found naturally in foods). Intrinsic

water is not included in our current analysis. If resources permit, we could expand our report as

a future addendum to include estimates of intrinsic water. Would this be desirable?

Yes, this would be desirable, but the Subcommittee would like to point out that the 

Agency’s use of the term “intrinsic water” is unusual. In most instances intrinsic water is that in

the raw food product, not water added by processors. In some cases (e.g., NASA) the term

includes both free water and metabolic water that is derived from a food. There would be some

value of using another term (e.g., commercial water) to describe this category. Care would have

to be taken that it is not confused with bottled water, however.

The Subcommittee felt that one advantage of including intrinsic water (as the term is

used in the Agency report) in the analysis would be to enable the derivation of a fluid

requirement distribution by recognizing this additional source of water. This combined

direct/indirect water ingestion distribution will be less variable than direct use only, as it is closer

to a biological/physiological measure than one of lifestyle. However, this is only one of a

number of other sources of water ingestion that would have to be known to construct the

physiological need for water for individuals under different conditions. Knowing intrinsic water

does capture another tap water source, even though it may be removed from the consumer’s own

tap water. The relative component of commercial water could then be calculated by examining

only those products with a major contribution to one or more subpopulations. Examples are

soda in cans, iced tea in cans, bottled soda, beer, milk, prepared infant formulas.

10. Other Issues
A-7

Charge Question 10: What are the scientific limitations to the use of the water

consumption estimates provided in this report (i.e., what other issues has the Subcommittee

noted with the estimates that are not covered elsewhere)?

This report needs to be viewed as a key reference for population based information on

water consumption. The following are examples of the many potential uses of the information. 

c) It will be valuable to programs where consumption of water estimates are needed.

d) It will be useful to support Agency rule making.

e) It can be used to evaluate existing default water consumption rates and to provide

new defaults for subpopulations.

f) It can serve as a reference to compare to other data sources containing similar

information.

The document needs to keep these uses in mind and the text and tables should be

designed to be user friendly for these purposes. Thus many users will prefer the data

summarized in a ml/kg body weight format while others will need the ml/day summary. Both

formats should be provided. Keeping the uses in mind, it becomes especially important that the

limitations of the Survey database and the ingestion estimates based upon it be clearly spelled

out in the introduction and that the report contain only statistically valid estimates. It should be

noted that some sensitive subpopulations are not in the database or cannot be identified in the

database. These are identified under other charge question responses. It should be explicitly

stated when data are sufficient (and give the criteria used) and when they are not. Where it is not

obvious why estimates are not provided, it needs to be explained. 

A use-restricting limitation is the survey design that precluded estimating water ingestion

in subpopulations that either by choice, or access, utilize only one source of water for ingestion.

The survey data identify and provide descriptive tables for three significant sources of ingested

water; community tap water, bottled water and other (private wells, cisterns, etc). While the

report provides detailed ingestion distributions for each water source within defined

demographic groups, “sole source” subpopulations of water ingestion limit the utility of the

report for local risk assessments. Such “sole source” ingestion distributions would be especially

valuable to assessing health risks from ingestion. The overall national mean water ingestion

finds community tap water contributing 75% of the water ingested. The tables provided show

that the 75% contribution is not evenly distributed over the population. A valuable statistic not

provided is the percent of individuals obtaining virtually all their water from community taps or

all from the other two sources and their estimated ingestion rates. Such individuals may be

consuming nearly 1/3 more tap water than the national estimate provides. If the size of this

population is substantial, using the national ingestion estimate to characterize contaminant

exposure to this group could significantly underestimate tap water contaminant risks. This

underestimate may partially be seen in Section 9, figure 2 which shows that over 47 million US
A-8

residents are estimated to consume no tap water. Since these individuals require fluid to survive,

they probably represent those ingesting only “other” water from private wells or bottled water

only. The inclusion of these “unexposed” individuals in the ingestion estimates leads to

underestimates of ingestion among those with access to the water source. The potential for

underestimating ingestion is even more pronounced for infants where Section 9 figure 3 shows

nearly half of the infants drank no tap water. This probably reflects the high percentage of

infants being breast fed or using bottled water to mix formula. This seriously reduces the utility

of the information provided on this vulnerable population. Whenever possible it would be useful

to many users to have confidence intervals around the estimates. 

11. Zero-Values

Charge Question 11: The water intake estimates provided in this report are

based on all respondents, including those who did not report consuming water during the two

survey days. If resources permit, we could also generate estimates of water consumption which

exclude the zero consumers of water. We noticed that for some sub-populations, especially the

less than one-year-old infants, a substantial proportion consumed zero or minimal amounts of

tap water per day (presumably those who were breast fed or drank undiluted formula or milk);

these zero consumers of water can contribute to lower estimates. Would this be desirable?

Yes, it is desirable, probably necessary, to eliminate the non-consumers of community

tap water from the survey statistics for purposes of developing a set of consumption estimates for

use in predicting exposure to drinking water contaminants. The DWIS suggests that those data,

for which there are adequate numbers of individuals, should be displayed both ways. In other

words inclusive of the population and a second display of only those individuals that are

consumers of tapwater.

Based on the projections in Section 9, Figure 3, approximately 50% of the children under

1 year of age do not ingest community tap water. The mean and upper confidence limits

generated from data from which these projections were made will greatly reduce the estimated

ingestion rates in some groups. A rough arithmetic estimate can be made of how important this

would be by recognizing that removing half of the population that does not consume water will

increase the mean consumption of water in the under 1 year of age group to approximately 90

ml/kg body weight. This is roughly six times that of an adult. Thus, the differential between

adults and children is at least twice that which is derived from currently utilized defaults. The

subpopulation of children representing the highest tap water intake will be those fed

reconstituted powdered formula. This will result in the greatest dose (per kg) of water

contaminants. There is less impact in the general population, where only about 8% of the total

population does not ingest community tap water. Nevertheless, the principle is the same.
R-1

REFERENCES

Damiano, J. and J. R. Mulhausen (1999)A Strategy for Assessing and Managing Occupational

Exposures. (Second Edition). AIHA Exposure Assessment Strategies Committee Edited

by, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA.

Ershow, A. G. and K. P. Cantor. (1989) Total Water and Tapwater Intake in the United States:

Population-Based Estimates of quantities and Sources. National Cancer Institute. 

Number 263-Md-810264.

National Center for Health Statistics Analytic Working Group. (1993) Guidelines developed by

the NCHS. As cited in Life Sciences Research Office (LSRO) (1994). Third Report on

Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Interagency Board for Nutrition Monitoring

and Related Research. 

Saunders, S. and B. Petersen. (1986) Introduction to the Tolerance Assessment System. U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. May.

US EPA (1999) Estimated Per Capita Water Consumption in the United States. US EPA/Office

of Water. Prepared under EPA Contract No. 68-C4-0046. June 1999.
Chair 

Science Advisory Board Executive Committee

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Ariel Rios Building

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460 Re: EPA-SAB-EC-00-003

Dear Sir/Madam:

This is in response to the review of “Estimated Per Capita Water Ingestion in the United

States,” a report prepared by the Office of Water (OW), Office of Science and Technology. The

Science Advisory Board (SAB) had many helpful and insightful suggestions. Technical staff in

the OW have addressed the comments and recommendations in a revised document that will be

completed by March 31, 2000. Our summary response to the SAB review and recommendations

is enclosed. 

The objective of the report is to present current, technically sound estimates of water

ingestion by the U. S. population and certain subpopulations. These estimates will be useful in a

wide variety of the Environmental Protection Agency program applications including risk

assessments and regulation development. The SAB subcommittee expressed concerns about our

lack of explicit guidance on the use of the estimates. We anticipate that guidance on the use of

the estimates will be addressed in program-specific documents to be developed in the future. 

The majority of the SAB comments concerned presentation and interpretation of the

analysis results. The fundamental statistical methodology employed in our study was found to

be “an appropriate technique to produce estimates from a multi-stage stratified clustered

sample.” As a consequence, no changes were made to the methodology, and the numerical

estimates did not change. In response to SAB comments, changes were made in the organization

of the report, key water ingestion estimates were identified and highlighted in the Report text,

confidence intervals were provided for key subpopulations estimates, and the number of

subpopulations included in the report was reduced. We have noted the SAB’s recommendations

for additional studies but are not able to implement these at this time.

The SAB suggested that formal inferential tests of differences between subpopulation

water ingestion estimates be applied. While we have not done these, we do provide interval

estimates about water ingestion estimates for major subpopulations. These interval estimates can

be used to assess the extent of differences in subpopulation estimates. 
2

We are grateful for the ongoing involvement of the Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee of the SAB in our efforts to revise and update our estimates of water ingestion rates

for the U.S. population. The discussion and recommendations of the subcommittee have been

very beneficial and led directly to a substantially improved report.

Sincerely,

J. Charles Fox

Assistant Administrator

Enclosure

4303/HJacobs/cah/3/28/00/250-5412/doc name sab1.wpd

AX-0000373

Identical letters sent to:

Dr. Henry Anderson, Co-Chair

Dr. Richard Bull, Co-Chair
Dr. Henry Anderson 

Co-Chair, Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee

Science Advisory Board

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Ariel Rios Building

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

Dear Dr. Anderson:

This is in response to the review of “Estimated Per Capita Water Ingestion in the United

States,” a report prepared by the Office of Water (OW), Office of Science and Technology. The

Science Advisory Board (SAB) had many helpful and insightful suggestions. Technical staff in

the OW have addressed the comments and recommendations in a revised document that will be

completed by March 31, 2000. Our summary response to the SAB review and recommendations

is enclosed. 

The objective of the report is to present current, technically sound estimates of water

ingestion by the U. S. population and certain subpopulations. These estimates will be useful in a

wide variety of the Environmental Protection Agency program applications including risk

assessments and regulation development. The SAB subcommittee expressed concerns about our

lack of explicit guidance on the use of the estimates. We anticipate that guidance on the use of

the estimates will be addressed in program-specific documents to be developed in the future. 

The majority of the SAB comments concerned presentation and interpretation of the

analysis results. The fundamental statistical methodology employed in our study was found to

be “an appropriate technique to produce estimates from a multi-stage stratified clustered

sample.” As a consequence, no changes were made to the methodology, and the numerical

estimates did not change. In response to SAB comments, changes were made in the organization

of the report, key water ingestion estimates were identified and highlighted in the Report text,

confidence intervals were provided for key subpopulations estimates, and the number of

subpopulations included in the report was reduced. We have noted the SAB’s recommendations

for additional studies but are not able to implement these at this time.

The SAB suggested that formal inferential tests of differences between subpopulation

water ingestion estimates be applied. While we have not done these, we do provide interval

estimates about water ingestion estimates for major subpopulations. These interval estimates can

be used to assess the extent of differences in subpopulation estimates. 
2

We are grateful for the ongoing involvement of the Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee of the SAB in our efforts to revise and update our estimates of water ingestion rates

for the U.S. population. The discussion and recommendations of the subcommittee have been

very beneficial and led directly to a substantially improved report.

Sincerely,

J. Charles Fox

Assistant Administrator

Enclosure
Dr. Richard Bull

Co-Chair, Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee

Science Advisory Board

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Ariel Rios Building

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

Dear Dr. Bull:

This is in response to the review of “Estimated Per Capita Water Ingestion in the United

States,” a report prepared by the Office of Water (OW), Office of Science and Technology. The

Science Advisory Board (SAB) had many helpful and insightful suggestions. Technical staff in

the OW have addressed the comments and recommendations in a revised document that will be

completed by March 31, 2000. Our summary response to the SAB review and recommendations

is enclosed. 

The objective of the report is to present current, technically sound estimates of water

ingestion by the U. S. population and certain subpopulations. These estimates will be useful in a

wide variety of the Environmental Protection Agency program applications including risk

assessments and regulation development. The SAB subcommittee expressed concerns about our

lack of explicit guidance on the use of the estimates. We anticipate that guidance on the use of

the estimates will be addressed in program-specific documents to be developed in the future. 

The majority of the SAB comments concerned presentation and interpretation of the

analysis results. The fundamental statistical methodology employed in our study was found to

be “an appropriate technique to produce estimates from a multi-stage stratified clustered

sample.” As a consequence, no changes were made to the methodology, and the numerical

estimates did not change. In response to SAB comments, changes were made in the organization

of the report, key water ingestion estimates were identified and highlighted in the Report text,

confidence intervals were provided for key subpopulations estimates, and the number of

subpopulations included in the report was reduced. We have noted the SAB’s recommendations

for additional studies but are not able to implement these at this time.

The SAB suggested that formal inferential tests of differences between subpopulation

water ingestion estimates be applied. While we have not done these, we do provide interval

estimates about water ingestion estimates for major subpopulations. These interval estimates can

be used to assess the extent of differences in subpopulation estimates. 
2

We are grateful for the ongoing involvement of the Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee of the SAB in our efforts to revise and update our estimates of water ingestion rates

for the U.S. population. The discussion and recommendations of the subcommittee have been

very beneficial and led directly to a substantially improved report.

Sincerely,

J. Charles Fox

Assistant Administrator

Enclosure
1

Response to Science Advisory Board Recommendations

In July 1999 the Drinking Water Intake Subcommittee (DWIS) of the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed the report

Estimated Per Capita Water Consumption in the United States (hereafter referred to as the

Report). The SAB provided its written comments and recommendations in December 1999. 

The following 16 points address the SAB's major findings and recommendations and describe

our responses.

1. Report objective: The SAB expressed concern that the Report is purely descriptive and

does not provide "an explicit discussion of how the estimates in the Report might

reasonably be applied by users." It was EPA’s intent to limit the Report's objective to

the provision of current descriptive statistics on water ingestion for the population of the

United States and selected subpopulations. The Report does identify some of the broad

applications for these estimates including their use in the development of risk assessment

and regulations which involve default values for water ingestion and in the estimates of

risks to highly exposed and/or sensitive populations. We believe that more explicit

guidance on the application of these estimates is out of the scope of the study. However,

we anticipate that guidance on the use of estimates, will be addressed by EPA Program

Offices in documents to be developed in the near future.

2. Overview of logic and survey design: The SAB stated that "The Report needs a

prominent and early explanation of the logic used in the survey design and in the

analyses used to develop the Agency's estimates." We have made some modifications to

the text in the Report in order to respond to this SAB comment. The details of the

statistical methodologies, which were in the main text of the Report, have been moved to

an appendix. The initial chapters of the Report now provide summary descriptions of

both the survey design and methodology. These explanations should be understandable to

the general scientific audience. The user is also directed to the references to obtain

additional background on the survey design and statistical methods. 3. Reliability of estimates: The SAB recommended that the report "must provide a much

clearer indication of which estimates are reliable and which ones are not as reliable." In

response to this comment, we have amended the Report to state that estimates based on

small sample sizes may be less reliable than estimates based on larger sample sizes. As

suggested by the SAB, we applied the minimal reporting requirements provided in the

"Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States" published in 1995 by the

Life Sciences Research Office of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental

Biology. In accordance with this document, mean ingestions estimated with a sample

size of less than 48 are marked with an asterisk to indicate that they may be statistically

unreliable. Similarly, percentiles estimated with sample sizes less than 

12.8/(1-percentile) may be statistically unreliable and are also marked.

4. USDA data: The SAB commented that the Agency did not clearly state that the estimates
2

were generated from a summary tape containing only final weights assigned to

individuals. In response to this comment, the Report has been amended to include a more

detailed explanation on how the survey weights were calculated by USDA. USDA

provided sample weights for each survey respondent in the three survey years with two

days of consumption data. Sample weights, which project the data from a sampled

individual to the population, are based on the probability of an individual being sampled

at each stage of the sampling design. The sample weights associated with each

individual were adjusted by USDA for nonresponse to correct for nonresponse bias as

discussed in Appendix D of the final Report. However, certain variables, for example,

region, are at a summary level. USDA has named the States within a region. Estimates

by State, however, are not trackable because USDA data do not contain a variable

identifying States. For this reason, water ingestion estimates by State are not possible. 

Furthermore, variance estimating strata are numbered sequentially. The sequential

numbering prevents aggregation of strata with similar consumption patterns and thus

reduces the ability to generate certain subpopulation variance estimates. The USDA

documentation referenced in the Report provide the details on the calculation of the

survey weights. 

5. Commercial water: The SAB recommends that the Report make clear that the estimates

do not include commercial water (water added by the manufacturer prior to marketing). 

In response to this comment we have further emphasized throughout the report that the

water ingestion estimates do not include commercial water or biological water (water

found naturally in foods). Also, all tables of estimates now bear a footnote which states

"All estimates exclude commercial and biological water." 

6. Water ingestion by "consumers only": The SAB recommends that the Report include

water ingestion estimates based on those respondents reporting water consumption

during the two days captured by the CSFII. In response to this recommendation, we

revised the Report to provide water ingestion estimates based on both the entire

population and on “consumers only.” The estimates for "all individuals" use water

ingestion data from all survey respondents in the population (or subpopulation) including

those who reported no consumption of the water from the source under consideration. 

The “consumers only” estimates include only individuals who reported ingestion of the

water under consideration.

7. Survey limitations: The SAB strongly recommends that the Report make explicit the

limitations of the estimates. Specifically, the SAB points out that some sub-populations of

interest included are not represented in the report. In response to this recommendation,

the “Discussion” chapter of the Report was amended to provide additional detail on the

survey strengths and weaknesses. This chapter now specifically states that the survey

design does not support generating water consumption estimates for certain subpopulations of interest. Examples of such sub-populations are Native Americans with

traditional lifestyles, people who live in hot climates, people who consume large amounts

of water because of physical activity, and people with medical conditions necessitating
3

increased water intake. The reason that the survey does not support estimation of water

ingestion by certain sub-populations is that estimation for these sub-populations was not

provided for in the design of the study. Rather, the survey is designed to support

ingestion estimates by the U.S. population. 

8. Units of milliliters/kilogram of body weight/day: The SAB recommends that the

Report provide water ingestion estimates in both units of milliliters/person/day and on

milliliters/kilogram of body weight/day. In response to this comment, the Report now 

provides all water ingestion estimates in both units of milliliters/person/day and

milliliters/kilogram of body weight/day.

9. New studies: The SAB suggests that additional studies to collect current or retrospective

information on subgroups of interest could augment the report. We have noted the

recommendations but have limited the estimates to those supported by the USDA’s 1994-

96 CSFII as this survey was designed to collect consumption data from the U.S.

population.

10. Confidence intervals: The SAB stated that the “report could be considerably

strengthened, and the potential for misinterpretation of its findings could be reduced

substantially, if the Agency provided information on the statistical significance of

differences in water consumption between major subgroups of the population.” In

response to this recommendation, all key tables of water ingestion in the Results chapter

of the Report now provide 90 percent confidence interval estimates about the mean per

capita water ingestion and 90 percent bootstrap interval estimates of upper percentiles

from the empirical distributions of per capita water ingestion. However, the limited

sample sizes for certain sub-populations in conjunction with the survey design do not

always support estimation of variance which is a necessary component of interval

estimation. This is a characteristic of the survey data reporting by USDA. In response to

the SAB recommendation, the Report provides detailed discussions of this limitation in

both the Methods chapter and the Discussion chapter. Population and subpopulations

with sample sizes that are large enough to support variance estimation have interval

estimates reported in the main body of the Report. For the smaller subpopulations, as

determined by the number of respondents in the survey, point estimates are segregated in

the appendices. 

11. Hypothesis testing: The SAB suggests providing information on statistical significance

of differences in water consumption between major subgroups of the population. We

have not applied formal inferential tests of differences between subpopulation water

ingestion estimates; the objective of the Report was limited to presenting current per

capita water consumption estimates. However, we provide interval estimates about water

ingestion estimates for major subpopulations. These interval estimates can be employed

by the user to assess the differences in subpopulations. 

12. Data validation and quality assurance procedures: The SAB suggests that data
4

procedures should be prominently documented. In response to this suggestion, we have

added a brief discussion in the “Methods” chapter of the Report which describes the data

conventions and validation procedures applied to create the data subsets from which the

estimates were created. This chapter also identifies the variables used to identify water

consumption and sources. It also relates the file interrelationships and assumptions

applied to water-containing foods. Data convention and validation procedures described 

in the Report are augmented with listings of pertinent survey questions, methods for

calculating indirect water and listings of water containing food codes. These augmenting

materials appear in the appendices.

13. Number of tables of estimated water ingestion: The SAB stated that the number of

tables should be substantially reduced to reflect a limited number of subpopulations.

EPA has done this. We deleted the tables for race/ethnicity, region, economic status, and

residential status because of sparse data in some cells. We retained the estimates based

on age (broad and fine), pregnant women, lactating women and women of childbearing

age. We placed key tables of estimates which we considered of major interest to the user

in the “Results” chapter. These tables provide 90 percent confidence intervals around the

mean and 90 percent bootstrap intervals around the upper percentiles. Each table has a

corresponding graphical display. A more comprehensive set of tables is provided in the

Appendix E of the Report. We have flagged estimates in all tables that do not meet the

minimal reporting requirements as defined in the “Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring

in the United States”. We have also added footnotes to the tables which address data

limitations. 

14. Averaging time: The SAB recommends that the Agency make clear to the user that the

water ingestion estimates are based on two-day averages. The 1994-96 Continuing

Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) collected two non-consecutive days of

food ingestion data. Quantities of ingested water reported were averaged by participant

to generate a two-day average. Throughout the Report we have stated that the estimates

of water ingestion are based on the average of the two days water ingestion reported by

individual survey respondents. Additionally, in response to the SAB recommendation,

we have added a footnote to all tables of estimates which states: "Estimates are based on

two-day averages."

15. Age categories: The SAB states that it "is extremely important to segregate children by

age..." and that "... it is much less important to separate estimates for adults by age

because the differences are much smaller." The Report provides water ingestion

estimates for broad age categories and fine age categories. In response to the SAB

comment, we amended the broad age categories to include a single adult age group. The

broad age categories now cover babies (less than one year old), children (one to 10 years

old), young adults (11 to 19 years old), adults (20 years and older). The fine age

categories include 11 age groupings. These groupings are less than six months (<0.5

years), between six months and one year (0.5 to 0.9 years), 1 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, 7 to

10 years, 11 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years, 20 to 24 years, 25 to 54 years, 55 to 64 years,
5

and 65 and older.

16. Sensitivity analysis: The SAB recommends that the EPA conduct a sensitivity analysis

of the data assumptions made during the data analysis. This comment pertains to the

assumptions made about the source of drinking water (plain water ingested directly as a

beverage). These assumptions, which are described in the “Methods” chapter of the

Report, were necessary because the CSFII survey does not completely designate the

source of the plain drinking water. We agree with the SAB's recommendation and a

sensitivity analysis under is consideration for future work. Time and resources do not

permit the Agency to conduct the analysis at this time.