Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners

and Heat Pumps

Introduction

Bryan Berringer

(bryan.berringer@ee.doe.gov)

U.S. Department of Energy

U.S. DOE Workshop on Standards

for Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners 6

and Heat Pumps o

September 12, 2001

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

I ' 

Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners 

and Heat Pumps 

Introduction 

Bryan Berringer 

(bryan. berringer@ee.doe.gov) 

u.s. Department of Energy 

u.s. DOE Workshop on Standards 

for Commercial Unitary Air Conditioners 

and Heat Pumps 

. September 12,2001 

." 

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a 
t Energy Policy & Conservation

if Act (EPCA) Ruirements

EPCA, Pub. L. 94-163, as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992

(EPACT), Pub. L. 102-486, establishes energy efficiency standards for

certain commercial heating and air conditioning equipment which includes

commercial unitary air conditioners and heat pumps

The efficiency requirements in the statute correspond to the levels in

ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 as in effect on October 24, 1992

If the efficiency levels in ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 are amended, the

Secretary of Energy must establish an amended standard for such

equipment at the new ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 minimum level, unless (s)he

determines, through a rulemaking supported by clear and convincing

evidence, that a more stringent standard is technologically feasible and

economically justified and would result in significant additional energy

conservation. EPCA section 342 (a)(6)(A), 42 U.S.C. 6313 (a)(6)(A)

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

Energy Policy & Conservation 

Act (EP£9~)~~~quirements 

• EPCA, Pub. L. 94-163, as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 

(EPACT), Pub. L. 102-486, establishes energy efficiency standards for 

certain commercial heating and air conditioning equipment which includes 

commercial unitary air conditioners and heat pumps 

• The efficiency requirements in the statute correspond to the levels in 

ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 as in effect on October 24, 1992 

• If the efficiency levels in ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 are amended, the 

Secretary of Energy must establish an amended standard for such 

equipment at the new ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 minimum level, unless (s)he 

determines, through a rulemaking supported by clear and convincing 

evidence, that a more stringent standard is technologically feasible and 

economically justified and would result in significant additional energy 

conservation. EPCA section 342 (a)(6)(A), 42 U.S.C. 6313 (a)(6)(A) 

1 
EPCA Requirements (Con't)

* Small and Large Commercial Package Air Conditioning

and Heating Equipment are covered products. §342

EPCA set the initial standards. §342(a)

Product Category/Product Subcategory Efficiency Level

EPCA ASHRAE 90.1-1999

Small Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment/

> 65 kBtu/h and <135 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central AC, HP EER: 8.9 EER: 10.3,

COP: 3 COP: 3.2

Large Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment/

2 135 kBtu/h and <240 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central AC EER: 8.5 EER: 9.7

2 135 kBtu/h and <240 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central HP EER: 8.5 EER: 9.3,

COP: 2.9 COP: 3.1

2

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

EPCA Requirements (Con't) ____________ !P.!. !!lIs~,.:. ~~ . .iJf.;'.p.\':.:':.,.... ":" 

• Small and Large Commercial Package Air Conditioning 

and Heating Equipment are covered products. §342 

• EPCA set the initial standards. §342(a) 

Product Category/Product Subcategory 

Small Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment! 

~ 65 kBtu/h and <135 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central AC, HP 

Large Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment! 

~ 135 kBtu/h and <240 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central AC 

~ 135 kBtu/h and <240 kBtu/h, Air-Cooled, Central HP 

Efficiency Level 

EPCA ASHRAE 90.1-1999 

EER: 8.9 

COP: 3 

EER: 8.5 

EER: 8.5 

EER: 10.3, 

COP: 3.2 

EER: 9.7 

EER: 9.3, 

COP: 2.9 COP: 3.1 

2 
Rulemaking Status

FY 2000 - Assigned a high priority

January 12, 2001 - Federal Register notice

announced DOE would evaluate whether

standards higher than ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1

are justified

May 2001 - National Energy Policy (NEP)

report recommended support for the appliance

standards program for covered products, setting

higher standards where technologically feasible

and economically justified

3

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

• FY 2000 - Assigned a high priority 

, • January 12, 200 1 - Federal Register notice 

announced DOE would·evaluate whether 

standards higher than ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 

are justified 

I •• May 2001 - National Energy Policy (NEP) 

report recommended support for the appliance 

standards program for covered products, setting 

higher standards where technologically feasible 

and economically justified 

3 
Standards Setting Process

hial , Timeline

July

2001

Stakeholder Participation

Pror Activitiest -. '

Figure 1. Principal procedural steps in the commercial unitary air-conditioner

and heat pump standards sauemakntting

4

1989 1992 1999q 201 02 00 0020

Figure 1. Prin~~~~,c ipAl prcdrlsesI'h omrca ntr i-odtoe

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

1989 

Standards Setting Process 

Timeline 

July 

2001 

Stakeholder Participation 

'. prl?~·A.~!iJil~~i:f·;-; ',., 

s;fiii;j~1i~I~~~~J~~~»~~(~·~.~~I~~a~'~~ 

l(---~ 

1992 2001 2002 2003 2004 2008 

Figure 1. Principal procedural steps Inthe commercial unitary air-conditioner 

and heat pump standards setting process 

4 
Analytical Framework

Commercial Unitary A/C and HP

Approaches Key-Inputs Analysis Key-Outputs

inoustry Rem=_i . [' i ian r mnsn/ Preduce _

Market & Technology

, ua ltlv Ml Airit-.lde /Fim nenta r - . Assessment .

Terf-,Do n Analysis gnujivm Eienit n il Praote .. Pirtslla M, __ ta _

al

I LhI IScreening Analysis A=PuRi neni Siaban Modaels -

_L Mandacturing e| 1

E,.iq.dr~trwd t i j 5 E- ffi'cimfl^f ance ftI_ Engineering , . ........--- - Analyss _

rI I-----L Empoy^men

F|NA LR ULlE EnCTjsis 5 , 

; i ,; M intensn>«JScnviecCaat ' £ 

Modelsu ; . * :Lifrycle priceshJ-est-J-- Cost and Payback , Lfc.. NOttx ti

1 . ij |___inaaitbn e«ai ! 5^ . , .Ena«yi« ng,

Esrec __ j i - E I . ____ * tNt PrFCent VYlee*

Hitelorichb snt, I Oe Etitcii Impats Analysis

F roduct saturtion i * Eiciency

*VoluntryinHittives j distribution f

ANOPR . . _i . T 

Revised Engineering, LCC.,

~ and NES Analyses . - 1

:,' . ! i - i * Pya¢ac( CIS tbuen

: ~ i O1 ~-ah IcsCi Consumere Oisl c j i OBno gfaphlcs -nrrorIpacts _ 

i ; i -- -- 5-:--: : :::::Manuftictur Prices a --

' ' ....-... .....-- ........-.....-....... ,.. : .... .. Manufacturer hirnd y Cas-o..w with Un inlct

Averages : .. . __ . .... Impact Analysis C

~

s o s l *t Standan1 Levl Cases,

* Effidency Diasrution

for all Cases

Utlii1oadfactcrt . . .. ·. *... Utility Impacts | UtIhy RevenueLossm

Emosson rates.." , (NEMS) 

Environmental Emissions

Analysis (NEMS--

Employment

Impacts ..

NOPR , I

FINAL RULE Revised Analysis _

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

Analytical Framework 

Commercial Unitary Ale and HP 

Approaches 

Effx:jmcv:lntl Mprti'''' "f..Jj 

i j 

, 

, 

i 

Q. 

:0 

~ 

~ ''III 

Key-Inputs 

~M~Nt~m~Sy~NDYuu __________ ~ __ ~_t_-U_:~~I ... ~ __ ~ .. 

Emed ECC"ss ~ 

r·········_···_·····: 

i._. ___ .. ; I 

: I 

Analysis 

Market & T eclYloiogy 

Assessment 

Screening Analysis 

J 

Key-Outputs 

• Pe'jboc:ll Ilisbil>Ullan 

, • Ue-cyde OISII1IlutiorI 

.. En "'VI ....... IIS 

• Net Pr ..... nt V .... es fsrcq"l ~ , .. M"'od..,d"'.'--____________ -+-+---i-__ ... :. Shipmen~ ... :c::e,~~;;~:::::: .. ~ .. • Hililaricll1l1;pmenls '.' Elftcjen~ " 

• Pa'jb.c:11 

• Proca.oCl s-lIIrllion , : -, 

• Vc&lntery inijiatiYH ! dislllDullon . 

i 

ANOPR 

NOPR 

FINAL RULE 

Revised Engineering, LCC. 

'--__ and_N_E_s_t.,...~-na-lys_es---· .. -·--·l • Pa)IlaCk Clmbutlon 

DJ~--~~--~---·~u~~~~~~~·S®~~~~. 

t 

Revised Analysis 

, 

, 

: ~CaSh-towwif'l ~ 

, Emissions 

., - -
Discussion Topics

Market and Technology Assessment

- Product Classes

- Baseline

Screening Analysis

Engineering Analysis

- Equipment Efficiency and Cost Analysis

- Building Energy Use and Electric Load Shape

Characterization

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

Discussion Topics .... 1IiiIiiiiii .... _______ .. ~ .. . ,~;,.~i:'~,o;m.;··'::··;:'?,' .. ' '. ' 

• Market and Technology Assessment , 

- Product Classes 

- Baseline 

• Screening Analysis 

' •. Engineering Analysis 

• ' I - Equipment Efficiency and Cost Analysis 

- Building Energy Use and Electric Load Shape 

Characterization 

6 
Discussion Topics (Cont'd)

Other Analyses

- Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

- Consumer Sub-group Analysis

- National Energy Saving and Net Present

Value Analysis

- Manufacturer Impact Analysis

- Employment Impact Analysis

- Utility Impact Analysis

- Environmental Analysis

7

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

Discussion Topics (Cont'd) . ...• '1 .•.. : .... "ftf:l:·~~:tr~"~"?~:r·;:; ~ .. :.[.' : :'>;" : ..... : ..' . 

• Other Analyses 

- Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 

- Consumer Sub-group Analysis 

- National Energy Saving and Net Present 

Value Analysis 

- Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

- Employment Impact Analysis 

- Utility Impact Analysis 

- Environmental Analysis 

7 
*i; Next Steps Srl. iT.H..:.... :,.:... - .

* Workshop comments (due 10/12/01)

* Data collection

* Determine whether to adopt ASHRAE/IESNA

90.1 levels or initiate a standards rulemaking

- Possible rulemaking schedule

* ANOPR (01/03)

* NOPR (01/04)

* Final Rule (08/04)

EE-RM-STD-01-375 COMMENT 02FF

, I 

I " 

Next Steps ~ • .'. .,"..:.." 1, • ~ • ~~7::·;·::.~:·:·~·.~.:->:.· : .. 

• Workshop comments (due 1 0/12/01 ) 

• Datacollection 

• Determine whether to adopt ASHRAE/IESNA 

90.1 levels or initiate a standards rulemaking 

- Possible rulemaking schedule 

• ANOPR'(Ol/03) 

• NOPR (01/04) 

• Final Rule (08/04) 

8