REPORT TO CONGRESS

STATUS OF FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES

PREPARED BY

NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE

SEPTEMBER 1998
Report on the Status of Fisheries of the United States 

Table of Contents 

Executive Summary 1

Introduction 2

Listing of Species 2

Basis for Determining Status of Overfishing 2

Results 4

Conclusion 7
List of Tables and Appendices

Table A1. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in Federal Fishery 9

Management Plans

Table A2. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in Federal Fishery 63 

Management Plans, But Not Contained in the Management Unit

Table A3. Summary of Stock Status for Species not Contained in Federal Fishery 64

Management Plans 

Table A4. Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans 66

Under Development 

App. 1. Overfishing Definitions Contained in Fishery Management Plans 67

App. 2. Overfishing Definitions for Species not Contained in Federal 86

Fishery Management Plans

App. 3. Overfishing Definitions from Fishery Management Plans Under 87

Development

App. 4. Six Tiers comprising the Overfishing Definition for Gulf of Alaska 89

and Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish

App. 5. Acronyms used in Appendices 91 
Report on Status of Fisheries and Identification of Overfished Stocks 

Executive Summary 

The Sustainable Fisheries Act [SFA (Public Law 104-297)], which reauthorizes and amends the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery 

Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act) was signed into law by President Clinton on October 11, 1996. The 

reauthorized Magnuson-Stevens Act requires the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) to report to Congress annually on the status of 

fisheries within each Council’s geographical area of authority and identify those fisheries that are overfished or are approaching a 

condition of being overfished. 

Although this report identifies a substantial number of stocks that are overfished, the list will likely be expanded in the next year as the 

provisions of the SFA are fully implemented. In accordance with the requirements of the SFA, the basis for the identification of 

overfished stocks is the current overfishing definition found in the Fishery Management Plans (FMPs). The SFA also defined 

“overfished” and “overfishing,” and required that FMP definitions, amended to be consistent with the new statutory definition, be 

submitted to the Secretary by October 11, 1998. As these new FMP definitions are submitted and approved, additional stocks will 

likely be identified as overfished. 

Based on the criteria specified in the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the Report on the Status of Fisheries finds that 90 species are listed as 

“overfished,” 200 species are listed as “not overfished,” and 10 species are considered to be “approaching an overfished condition;” for 

544 species, the status relative to overfishing is “unknown.” Whenever possible, species were assessed using existing overfishing 

definitions in FMPs or FMPs under development; the remainder were evaluated using the most recent (1995) edition of Our Living 

Oceans. 

Last year’s report identified 86 species as “overfished,” 183 species as “not overfished,” and 10 species as “approaching an overfished 

condition;” for 448 species, the status relative to overfishing was “unknown.” 

1
Introduction 

This report to Congress responds to section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, as amended by the SFA on October 11, 1996: 

(1) The Secretary shall report annually to the Congress and the Councils on the status of fisheries within each 

Council’s geographical area of authority and identify those fisheries that are overfished or are approaching a condition of being 

overfished. For those fisheries managed under a fishery management plan or international agreement, the status shall be 

determined using the criteria for overfishing specified in such plan or agreement. A fishery shall be classified as approaching a 

condition of being overfished if, based on trends in fishing effort, fishery resource size, and other appropriate factors, the 

Secretary estimates that the fishery will become overfished within two years. 

This report constitutes the National Marine Fisheries Service’s (NMFS) second annual report to Congress and the Councils in 

compliance with section 304(e)(1). 

Listing of Species 

For all species identified in this report, a substantial portion of the stock occurs within the EEZ; stocks that do not have a substantial 

portion occurring in the EEZ are not included. Species contained within a management unit identified in an FMP are listed in Table 

A1. Species that are contained in an FMP, but are not within the management unit, are listed in Table A2. Species that are not 

contained in an FMP are listed in Table A3. Species contained in an FMP under development are listed in Table A4. 

There are currently 39 approved and implemented FMPs and 7 FMPs under development; there are numerous other fisheries in the 

U.S. EEZ for which there are no FMPs at this time. Some FMPs contain only one or a few species in the management unit, while 

others contain more than 100 species. To assess fully the status of the fish stocks within the U.S. EEZ, individual species were 

broken out to the extent possible for each fishery or FMP, and each species was separately assessed. 

Basis for Determining Status of Overfishing 

As required by section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, for those species managed under an FMP or international agreement, 

2 
the status determination was based on the criteria for overfishing (i.e., the overfishing definition) specified in the FMP or agreement 

whenever possible (see Appendices 1, 2, 3, and 4). For most species, the existing overfishing definitions are based wholly or in part 

on a fishing mortality rate. Such definitions typically assess the species on the basis of whether overfishing (as a rate of removals) is 

currently taking place (i.e., whether the current fishing mortality rate is greater than the maximum allowable rate specified in the 

definition). FMPs that base their definition on something other than a fishing mortality rate, such as stock biomass, typically assess 

overfishing of the species on the basis of the current status of the stock relative to a stock or index level specified in the definition of 

overfishing. To distinguish the type of definition applied, the tables include a column providing the basis of the overfishing definition. 

For all species for which there is an approved overfishing definition contained in the FMP or an overfishing definition contained in the 

FMP under development, the status of the stock relative to the FMP definition was used to determine the status of the species and 

whether or not it is approaching an overfished condition. Species (1) for which there are no FMPs or international agreements, but 

that are under the Councils’ geographic area of authority or under the Secretary’s management authority pursuant to section 302(a)(3); 

(2) that are contained in an FMP or an FMP under development, but that do not have an overfishing definition; or (3) for which the 

overfishing definition is inadequate to make a determination of overfishing, the 1995 edition of Our Living Oceans (OLO) was used to 

determine the status relative to overfishing. In OLO, the term “overfishing” is not used, but a similar concept, which relates the stock 

size to the stock size that would produce “Long Term Potential Yield” (LTPY), is used. Species that are listed in OLO as “below” and 

“far below” stock levels necessary to produce LTPY are considered “overfished,” and those listed as “near” and “above” stock levels 

necessary to produce LTPY are considered “not overfished.” The SFA defines “overfished” as a rate or level of fishing mortality that 

jeopardizes the capacity of a fishery to produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) on a continuing basis. LTPY, as used in OLO, 

is analogous to MSY. Thus, the conclusions reached in OLO approximate the conclusions that would be drawn if an assessment had 

been made using the SFA’s generic definition of “overfished.” OLO determinations are considered stock level based definitions. 

Because OLO does not make a determination of whether the stock is “approaching an overfished condition,” that determination could 

not be made for those species assessed using OLO. For species that have no overfishing definition or for which there is no 

determination of stock status in OLO, the overfished status is listed as “Unknown” and the basis of overfishing definition is listed as 

“No Definition.” 

Information regarding the overfished status of species is continually evolving and has become available since the most recent 

publication of OLO. For those cases for which there is updated information in a citable form, that information was used to determine 

the status of each species in this report. It is recognized that this approach may not include all “preliminary” information for each 

3 
species. However, this approach has been taken to minimize potential confusion as conclusions about stock conditions change with 

changes in “preliminary” information. For example, the conclusions reached in OLO regarding the overfished status of Atlantic halibut 

and tilefish may not agree with additional, not yet citable, information that has become available since the publication of OLO. 

Results 

Using the methodology described above to assess the status of the fisheries, there are currently 90 species classified as “overfished,” 

200 species classified as “not overfished,” 10 species that are “approaching an overfished condition,” and 544 species whose status is 

“unknown.” The categories “not overfished” and “approaching an overfished condition” are mutually exclusive. Any species listed as 

“approaching an overfished condition” (because it is estimated that it will become “overfished” within 2 years) is not included in the 

“not overfished” category, even though it is currently not overfished. This is to eliminate double-counting of the species analyzed in 

this report. 

This year’s report identifies the status of 122 additional species that were not included in the 1997 report, whose status is listed as 

“not overfished” or “unknown.” These species are contained in the Gulf of Alaska Groundfish fishery and the Bering Sea/Aleutian 

Islands Groundfish fishery, and were inadvertently not included in last year’s report. These species are managed as complexes. In 

determining the status of the complex, one or more stocks in the complex are actually assessed. For the other species contained within 

the complexes, no overfishing determination can be made. Ten species: White Grunt (Gulf of Mexico), Bank Sea Bass (Gulf of 

Mexico), Rock Sea Bass (Gulf of Mexico), Black Sea Bass (Gulf of Mexico), Knobbed Porgy (Gulf of Mexico), Littlehead Porgy (Gulf 

of Mexico), Pinfish (Gulf of Mexico), Red Porgy (Gulf of Mexico), Black Rockfish (Gulf of Alaska) and Blue Rockfish (Gulf of 

Alaska), whose status determinations were listed as “unknown,” were removed from the report, because current analysis finds that no 

substantial portion of the stock occurs within the EEZ. Yellowtail Rockfish (WA, OR, CA) was removed from the list of species that 

are “approaching an overfished condition,” and added to the list of species that are “not overfished” based on the most recent stock 

assessment. In addition, Jack Mackerel was deleted from Table A3, Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans Under 

Development, because this species is currently contained in the WA, OR, CA Groundfish FMP. 

Gray Triggerfish (South Atlantic), Wreckfish (South Atlantic), Yellowtail Snapper (South Atlantic), Red Grouper (South Atlantic), 

Black Grouper (South Atlantic), West Atlantic Sailfish, Bigeye Tuna, and Spiny Dogfish were added to this year’s list of “overfished” 

fisheries based on the most recent published information. Four species were removed from the list of “overfished” species; the most 

4 
recent published information supports changing Scamp (South Atlantic) and White Grunt (South Atlantic) to “not overfished”; Chum 

Salmon is now listed as “not overfished” because the overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply because there are no 

escapement goals or management measures for this species, therefore, it is listed according to the overfishing determination in OLO; 

Atlantic Sturgeon has been removed from the report because current analysis finds that no substantial portion of the stock occurs 

within the EEZ. Gag Grouper (Gulf of Mexico) was removed from the list of species that are “unknown” and added to the list of 

species that are “approaching an overfished condition” based on the most recent stock assessment. 

5
The following table provides a breakdown of the assessed species:

Number of Stocks under 

Council’s Geographical 

Area of Authority 

Jurisdiction Overfished 

Not 

Overfished 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition 

Unknown 

‘97 ‘98 ‘97 ‘98 ‘97 ‘98 ‘97 ‘98 ‘97 ‘98 ‘97 ‘98 

26 26 NEFMC 12 12 7 7 2 2 5 5 

11 11 MAFMC 5 5 6 6 0 0 0 0 

9 9 NEFMC/ MAFMC 1 2 1 0 0 0 7 7 

84 84 SAFMC 

69 61 GMFMC 

10 10 SAFMC/GMFMC 

179 179 CFMC 

109 109 PFMC 

64 66 WPFMC 

105 229 NPFMC 

1 1 PFMC/NPFMC 

50 50 HMS 

14

4

1

3

13

3

0

0

26

17 5 11 0 0 65 56 

4 6 6 1 2 58 49 

1 5 5 0 0 4 4 

3 1 1 0 0 175 175 

12 16 17 6 5 74 75 

3 47 47 1 1 13 15 

0 63 75 0 0 42 154 

0 1 1 0 0 0 0 

28 21 20 0 0 3 2 

3 3 3 0 0 1 1 

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 

90 183 200 10 10 448 544 

6

8 7 ASMFC 4 

2 2 GSMFC 0 

Total 86 
Conclusion 

Based on the identifications made in this report, the Councils are required to develop programs to end overfishing and rebuild some 79 

overfished stocks, and to prevent overfishing from occurring for the 10 stocks that are approaching an overfished condition. There are 

also 11 stocks that are overfished but are not covered by FMPs, for which rebuilding programs must be developed. 

The majority of stocks (65%) identified in this report were assessed as “unknown” in terms of their status relative to overfishing; there 

are 523 stocks that are contained in FMPs whose status is “unknown” and 21 stocks not contained in FMPs whose status is 

“unknown.” Additional efforts to obtain information necessary to assess these stocks will be required before their status can be 

determined. As the status of these stocks become known, some will require that measures be taken to end or prevent overfishing in 

fisheries managed under an FMP, and others will require that an FMP be developed. 

Under the amended provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the Councils are required to reassess each FMP for compliance with the 

overfishing provisions and to amend their FMPs accordingly, by October 11, 1998. Many of the FMPs will require amendments to 

bring them into conformance. In particular, each overfishing definition will need to be examined on the basis of its ability to ensure 

stock levels that can produce MSY on a continuing basis, rather than simply addressing recruitment overfishing, as is typically the case 

in many existing FMPs. Based on this change, it is possible that many species that are now classified as “not overfished” in this 

report on the basis of a fishing mortality rate definition will ultimately be reassessed as “overfished” when the FMPs and overfishing 

definitions are amended consistent with the new requirements of the Magnuson-Stevens Act. Consequently, this report represents a 

minimum number of overfished fisheries of the United States, and will probably understate the number of fisheries that will eventually 

be determined to be overfished. 

Last year’s report identified 86 species as “overfished,” 183 species as “not overfished,” and 10 species as “approaching an overfished 

condition”; for 448 species, the status relative to overfishing was “unknown.” Because Scamp (South Atlantic), White Grunt (South 

Atlantic), Chum Salmon, and Atlantic Sturgeon have been removed from the list of “overfished” species and Yellowtail Rockfish (WA, 

OR, CA) has been removed from the list of species that are “approaching an overfished condition,” the Councils are no longer required 

to take measures to end overfishing for Scamp (South Atlantic), White Grunt (South Atlantic), Chum Salmon, and Atlantic Sturgeon, 

or to prevent overfishing from occurring for Yellowtail Rockfish (WA, OR, CA) at this time. Based on last year’s report, with the 

above changes, the Councils and the Secretary may be required to submit amendments by September 30, 1998, to end overfishing and 

7 
rebuild 73 overfished stocks, and to prevent overfishing from occurring for the 9 stocks that are approaching an overfishing condition. 

Plans must also be developed to prevent overfishing from occurring for the 9 stocks that are overfished but not covered by FMPs, in 

the same time frame. 

This year’s report identifies 8 additional species (South Atlantic Gray Triggerfish, South Atlantic Wreckfish, South Atlantic Yellowtail 

Snapper, South Atlantic Red Grouper, South Atlantic Black Grouper, West Atlantic Sailfish, Bigeye Tuna, and Spiny Dogfish) that 

are “overfished,” and one additional species (Gulf of Mexico Gag Grouper) that is “approaching an overfished condition.” The 

Councils and the Secretary may be required to submit measures to end overfishing and rebuild stocks that are “overfished,” and to 

prevent overfishing for those stocks that are “approaching an overfished condition” managed under these FMPs and FMPs under 

development, within a year of being notified. 

8
Table A1. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in the Management Unit in 

Federal Fishery Management Plans 

Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Atlantic Sea Scallop Atlantic Sea Scallop NEFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Salmon Atlantic Salmon NEFMC Yes1 N/A Stock Level 

American Lobster American Lobster NEFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Northeast Multispecies Cod Gulf of Maine NEFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Georges Bank NEFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Northeast Multispecies Haddock Georges Bank NEFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Maine NEFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Georges Bank NEFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

NEFMC No 

NEFMC Unknown 

NEFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

NEFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

NEFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

NEFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

NEFMC No Yes Stock Level 

NEFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Northeast Multispecies Yellowtail

Flounder

Southern New England 

Cape Cod 

Middle Atlantic 

Northeast Multispecies American Plaice 

Northeast Multispecies Redfish 

Northeast Multispecies Witch Flounder 

Northeast Multispecies White Hake 

Northeast Multispecies Pollock 

9
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Northeast Multispecies Windowpane Flounder NEFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

Northeast Multispecies Winter Flounder 

Georges Bank NEFMC Unknown2 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Maine NEFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Southern New England NEFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Northeast Multispecies Silver Hake 

Gulf of Maine / 

Northern Georges Bank 

NEFMC No Yes Stock Level 

Southern Georges Bank / 

Middle Atlantic 

NEFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

Northeast Multispecies Red Hake NEFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

Northeast Multispecies Ocean Pout NEFMC No No Stock Level 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass 

Scup MAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass 

Summer Flounder MAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Summer Flounder, Scup, and 

Black Sea Bass 

Black Sea Bass MAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Bluefish Bluefish (except Gulf of Mexico) MAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Surf Clam and Ocean 

Quahog 

Surf Clam MAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Surf Clam and Ocean 

Quahog 

Ocean Quahog MAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

10
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and 

Butterfish 

Squid 

Illex MAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Loligo MAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and 

Butterfish 

Atlantic Mackerel MAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and 

Butterfish 

Butterfish (Atlantic) MAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate / 

Stock Level 

South Atlantic Golden Crab Golden Crab SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic Shrimp White Shrimp SAFMC No No Stock Level 

South Atlantic Shrimp Rock Shrimp SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic Shrimp Brown Shrimp SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic Shrimp Pink Shrimp SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Jewfish SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Nassau Grouper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Vermilion Snapper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Red Porgy SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Gag Grouper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

11
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Red Snapper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Speckled Hind SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Snowy Grouper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Warsaw Grouper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Golden Tilefish SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Black Sea Bass SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Gray Triggerfish SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Yellowtail Snapper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Wreckfish SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Red Grouper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Black Grouper SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Scamp SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

12
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

White Grunt SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Greater Amberjack SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Mutton Snapper SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Gray Snapper SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Lane Snapper SAFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Queen Triggerfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Ocean Triggerfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Yellow Jack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Blue Runner SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Crevalle Jack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Bar Jack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Lesser Amberjack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

13
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Almaco Jack SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Banded Rudderfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Spadefish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Black Margate SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Porkfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Margate SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Tomtate SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Smallmouth Grunt SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

French Grunt SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Spanish Grunt SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Cottonwick SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Sailors Choice SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

14
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Blue Stripe Grunt SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Hogfish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Puddingwife SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Black Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Queen Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Schoolmaster SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Blackfin Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Cubera Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Mahogany Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Dog Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Silk Snapper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Blueline Tilefish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

15
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Sand Tilefish SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Bank Sea Bass SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Rock Sea Bass SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Rock Hind SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Graysby SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Yellowedge Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Coney SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Red Hind SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Misty Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Yellowmouth Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Tiger Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Yellowfin Grouper SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

16
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Sheepshead SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Grass Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Jolthead Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Saucereye Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Whitebone Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Knobbed Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Longspine Porgy SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic 

Snapper-Grouper 

Scup SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Coast Red Drum Red Drum SAFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic Corals3 Fire Corals SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic Corals3 Hydrocorals SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic Corals3 Octocorals SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic Corals3 Stony Corals SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

South Atlantic Corals3 Black Corals SAFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

17
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Gulf of Mexico Stone Crab Stone Crab GMFMC No No Stock Level 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Brown Shrimp GMFMC No No Stock Level 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Pink Shrimp GMFMC No No Stock Level 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp White Shrimp GMFMC No No Stock Level 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Royal Red Shrimp GMFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Rock Shrimp GMFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition4 

Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Seabob Shrimp GMFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition4 

Gulf of Mexico Corals5 Fire Corals GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Mexico Corals5 Hydrocorals GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Mexico Corals5 Octocorals GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Mexico Corals5 Stony Corals GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Mexico Corals5 Black Corals GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Mexico / 

South Atlantic Spiny Lobster 

Spiny Lobster SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

No No Stock Level 

Gulf of Mexico / 

South Atlantic Spiny Lobster 

Slipper Lobster SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of 

the Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

King Mackerel 

Gulf group SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic group SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

18
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of 

the Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Spanish Mackerel 

Gulf group SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic group SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of 

the Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Cobia SAFMC/ 

GMFMC 

No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of 

the Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Cero SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

Unknown Unknown No Definition4 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of 

the Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Dolphin SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

Unknown Unknown No Definition4 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of 

the Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Little Tunny SAFMC / 

GMFMC 

Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of 

the Gulf of Mexico and South 

Atlantic 

Bluefish (Gulf of Mexico only) GMFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Red Snapper GMFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Nassau Grouper GMFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Jewfish GMFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

19
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Vermilion Snapper GMFMC No Yes Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Gag Grouper GMFMC No Yes Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Greater Amberjack GMFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Gray Triggerfish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Lesser Amberjack GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Almaco Jack GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Banded Rudderfish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Tomtate GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Pigfish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Queen Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Mutton Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Schoolmaster GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

20
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Blackfin Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Cubera Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Gray (Mangrove) Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Dog Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Mahogany Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Lane Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Silk Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Yellowtail Snapper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Wenchman GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Goldface Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Blackline Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Anchor Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

21
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Blueline Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Tilefish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Rock Hind GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Speckled Hind GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Yellowedge Grouper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Red Hind GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Red Grouper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Misty Grouper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Warsaw Grouper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Snowy Grouper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Black Grouper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Yellowmouth Grouper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

22
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Scamp GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Yellowfin Grouper GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Grass Porgy GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Jolthead Porgy GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Mexico Red Drum Red Drum GMFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Spiny Lobster7 Spiny Lobster CFMC No Unknown8 Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Nassau Grouper CFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Jewfish CFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Ocean Surgeonfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Doctorfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Blue Tang CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Frogfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Flamefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Conchfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Trumpetfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Scrawled Filefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

23
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Queen Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Whitespotted Filefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Ocean Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Black Durgon CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Sargassum Triggerfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Redlip Blenny CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Peacock Flounder CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellow Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Blue Runner CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Horse-eye Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Black Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Bar Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Greater Amberjack CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Almaco Jack CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Longsnout Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Foureye Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Spotfin Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Banded Butterflyfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Redspotted Hawkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

24
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Flying Gurnard CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Atlantic Spadefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Neon Goby CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Rusty Goby CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Royal Gramma CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Porkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Margate CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Tomtate CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 French Grunt CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 White Grunt CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Bluestriped Grunt CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Squirrelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Longspine Squirrelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Blackbar Soldierfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Cardinal Soldierfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Spanish Hogfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Creole Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellowcheek Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellowhead Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

25
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Clown Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Puddingwife CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Pearly Razorfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Green Razorfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Hogfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Bluehead Wrasse CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Black Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Queen Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Mutton Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Schoolmaster CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Blackfin Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Gray Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Dog Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Mahogany Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Lane Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Silk Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellowtail Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Wenchman CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Vermilion Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

26
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Blackline Tilefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Sand Tilefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellow Goatfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Spotted Goatfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Chain Moray CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Green Moray CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Goldentail Moray CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Batfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Goldspotted Eel CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellowhead Jawfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Dusky Jawfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Spotted Trunkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Honeycomb Cowfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Scrawled Cowfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Trunkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Smooth Trunkfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Cherubfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Queen Angelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Rock Beauty CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

27
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Gray Angelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 French Angelfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Sergeant Major CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Blue Chromis CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Sunshinefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellowtail Damselfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Dusky Damselfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Beaugregory CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Bicolor Damselfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Threespot Damselfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Bigeye CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Glasseye Snapper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Midnight Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Blue Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Striped Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Rainbow Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Princess Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Queen Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Redband Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

28
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Redtail Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Redfin Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Stoplight Parrotfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 High-hat CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Jackknife-fish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Spotted Drum CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Scorpionfishes CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Rock Hind CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Graysby CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellowedge Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Coney CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Red Hind CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Red Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Misty Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Butter Hamlet CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Swissguard Basslet CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Yellowfin Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Tiger Grouper CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Creole-fish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

29
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Greater Soapfish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Orangeback Bass CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Lantern Bass CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Tobaccofish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Harlequin Bass CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Chalk Bass CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Caribbean Tonguefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Sea Bream CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Jolthead Porgy CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Sheepshead Porgy CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Pluma CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Seahorses CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Pipefishes CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Sand Diver CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Sharpnose Puffer CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Reef Fish9 Porcupinefish CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Queen Conch CFMC Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Atlantic Triton’s Trumpet CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Cameo Helmet CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

30
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Caribbean Helmet CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Caribbean Vase CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Flame Helmet CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Green Star Shell CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Hawkwing Conch CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Milk Conch CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Roostertail Conch CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 True Tulip CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 West Indian Fighting Conch CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Queen Conch10 Whelk (West Indian Top Shell) CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Corals11 Sponges CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Hydrocorals CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Hydroids CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Soft Corals CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Gorgonian Corals CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Hard Corals CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Black Corals CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Anemones CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Colonial Anemones CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

31
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Caribbean Corals11 False Corals CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Annelid Worms CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Other Gastropods CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Bivalves CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Cephalopods CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Crustaceans CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Bryozoans CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Feather Stars CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Sea Stars CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Brittle and Basket Stars CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Sea Urchins CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Sea Cucumbers CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Tunicates CFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Caribbean Corals11 Green Algae CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Corals11 Red Algae CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Caribbean Corals11 Seagrasses CFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, 

upriver Summer) 

PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, 

upriver Spring) 

PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

32
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, 

Snake River, Spring) 

PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Spring) PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Summer / 

Fall) 

PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Stillaguamish River, 

Summer / Fall) 

PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Snohomish River, 

Summer / Fall) 

PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Lake Washington) PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chinook Salmon (Dungeness River) PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Coho Salmon (Strait of Juan de Fuca) PFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon other Chinook Salmon stocks PFMC No No Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon other Coho Salmon stocks PFMC No No Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Sockeye Salmon PFMC No12 Unknown Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Pink Salmon PFMC No12 Unknown Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Chum Salmon PFMC No12 Unknown Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Salmon Steelhead PFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition13 

Northern Anchovy Northern Anchovy PFMC No No Stock Level 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Lingcod PFMC No Yes Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Canary Rockfish PFMC No Yes Fishing Mortality Rate 

33
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Ocean Perch PFMC No Yes Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Shortspine Thornyhead PFMC No Yes Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bocaccio PFMC No Yes Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Yellowtail Rockfish PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Whiting PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Sablefish PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Dover Sole PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish English Sole PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Petrale Sole PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Chilipepper Rockfish PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Shortbelly Rockfish PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Longspine Thornyhead PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Widow Rockfish PFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Jack Mackerel PFMC No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Cod PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Arrowtooth Flounder PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Butter Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Curlfin Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Flathead Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

34
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Sanddab PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rex Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rock Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Sand Sole PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Starry Flounder PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Aurora Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bank Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Black Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Black-and-Yellow Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Blackgill Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Blue Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Bronzespotted Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Brown Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Calico Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish China Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Copper Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Darkblotched Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Dusty Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Flag Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

35
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Gopher Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Grass Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Greenblotched Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Greenspotted Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Greenstriped Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Harlequin Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Honeycomb Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Kelp Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Mexican Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Olive Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pink Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Quillback Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Redbanded Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Redstripe Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rosethorn Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rosy Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Rougheye Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Sharpchin Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Shortraker Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

36
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Silvergrey Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Speckled Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Splitnose Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Squarespot Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Starry Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Stripetail Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Tiger Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Vermilion Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Yelloweye Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Yellowmouth Rockfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Leopard Shark PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Soupfin Shark PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Spiny Dogfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Big Skate PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish California Skate PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Longnose Skate PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Ratfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Finescale Codling PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Pacific Rattail PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

37
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Cabezon PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Kelp Greenling PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish California Scorpionfish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Cowcod PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

WA, OR, CA Groundfish Treefish PFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Western Pacific Crustaceans Spiny Lobster (2 species) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Crustaceans Slipper Lobster WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Crustaceans Kona Crab WPFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Western Pacific Corals14 Pink Corals (3 species) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Corals14 Gold Corals (4 species) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Corals14 Bamboo Corals (2 species) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Corals14 Black Corals (3 species) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Pelagic Armorhead WPFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Squirrelfish Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Longtail Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

38
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Seabass (Main Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC No Yes Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest Hawaiian 

Islands) 

WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Longtail Snapper (Northwest Hawaiian 

Islands) 

WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Silverjaw Jobfish WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Gray Jobfish WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Bluestripe Snapper WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Yellowtail Snapper WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Pink Snapper WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Yelloweye Snapper WPFMC No No Stock Level 

39
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Snapper Pristipomoides sieboldil WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Snapper Pristipomoides zonatus WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Giant Trevally WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Black Jack WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Thick Lipped Trevally WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Amberjack WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Blacktip Grouper WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Seabass (Northwest Hawaiian Islands) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Lunartail Grouper WPFMC No No Stock Level 

40
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Ambon Emperor WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Redgill Emperor WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Alfonsin WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Bottomfish and Seamount 

Groundfish of the Western 

Pacific 

Ratfish WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Yellowfin Tuna (Central Western Pacific) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Albacore (South Pacific) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Albacore (North Pacific) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Yellowfin Tuna WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Skipjack Tuna (Central Western Pacific) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Skipjack Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific) WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Striped Marlin WPFMC No No Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Black Marlin WPFMC No Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Bigeye Tuna (Pacific) WPFMC No Unknown Stock Level 

(Eastern Tropical Pacific) 

41
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Western Pacific Pelagics Other tuna 

relatives 

Auxis spp. WPFMC No Unknown Stock Level 

Scomber spp. WPFMC No Unknown Stock Level 

Allothunnus spp. WPFMC No Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Swordfish (Pacific) WPFMC No Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Pomfret WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Sailfish (Pacific) WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Shortbill Spearfish (Pacific) WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Wahoo (Pacific) WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Mahimahi (Pacific) WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Pelagic Sharks (Pacific) WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Blue Marlin (Pacific) WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Opah WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Oilfish WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Western Pacific Pelagics Escolar WPFMC Unknown Unknown Stock Level 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Walleye Pollock NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Cod NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sablefish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Atka Mackerel NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortspine Thornyhead NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

42
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Arrowtooth Flounder NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Alaska Plaice NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Butter Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Deepsea Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Dover Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish English Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Flathead Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Greenland Turbot NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rex Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Northern Rock Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Southern Rock Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sand Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Starry Flounder NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowfin Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Dusky Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yelloweye Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Aurora Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blackgill Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Bocaccio NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

43
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Chilipepper NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Darkblotched Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Greenstriped Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Harlequin Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Northern Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pygmy Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Redbanded Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Redstripe Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rougheye Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sharpchin Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortbelly Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Shortraker Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Silvergrey Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Splitnose Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Stripetail Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Vermilion Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowmouth Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Broad Banded Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown15 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

44
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Longspine Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown15 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Kamchatka Flounder NPFMC Unknown16 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Bering Flounder NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish C-O Sole NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Curlfin Sole NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Hybrid Sole NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Longhead Dab NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Sanddab NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Petrale Sole NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Roughscale Sole NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Slender Sole NPFMC Unknown17 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Widow Rockfish NPFMC Unknown18 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellowtail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown18 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Canary Rockfish NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish China Rockfish NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Copper Rockfish NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Quillback Rockfish NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rosethorn Rockfish NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Tiger Rockfish NPFMC Unknown19 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

45
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blue Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Brown Cat Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Pacific Sleeper Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Salmon Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sixgill Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Spiny Dogfish Shark NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Alaska Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Aleutian Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Big Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Flathead Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Longnose Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Roughtail Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Sandpaper Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Starry Skate NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Armorhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Bigmouth Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Blackfin Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Dusky Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Great Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

46
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Red Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Ribbed Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Roughspine Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Spinyhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Tadpole Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Thorny Sculpin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Yellow Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Ocotpus Octopus dofleini NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Octopus Opisthoteuthis california NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Squid Berryteuthis magister NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Capelin NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Eulachon NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Rainbow Smelt NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Pink Salmon NPFMC No No Stock Level 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Sockeye Salmon NPFMC No No Stock Level 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Chum Salmon NPFMC No No Stock Level 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Coho Salmon NPFMC No No Stock Level 

Alaska High Seas Salmon Chinook Salmon NPFMC No No Stock Level 

47
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Walleye 

Pollock 

Eastern Bering Sea NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Aleutian Islands NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bogoslof NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pacific Cod NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Yellowfin Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Greenland Turbot NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Arrowtooth Flounder NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Rock Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Flathead Sole NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Sablefish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pacific Ocean Perch NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Northern Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Sharpchin Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

48
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Shortraker Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Rougheye Rockfish NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Atka Mackerel NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Squid Berryteuthis magister NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponica NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Alaska Plaice NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Longspine Thornyhead NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Shortspine Thornyhead NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Antlered Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Armorhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Bigmouth Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Blackfin Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

49
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Blob Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Brown Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Butterfly Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Calico Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Crested Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Dusky Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Great Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pacific Staghorn Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Plain Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Red Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Ribbed Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Scissortail Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

50
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Shorthorn Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Spinyhead Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Tadpole Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Thorny Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Warty Sculpin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Yellow Irish Lord NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Alaska Skate NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Aleutian Skate NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Big Skate NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Deepsea Skate NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Golden Skate NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Longnose Skate NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

51
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Starry Skate NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Blue Shark NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pacific Sleeper Shark NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Salmon Shark NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Sixgill Shark NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Soupfin Shark NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Spiny Dogfish NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Thresher Shark NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Capelin NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Eulachon NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Rainbow Smelt NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Octopus Octopus dofleini NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

52
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Octopus Opisthoteuthis california NPFMC Unknown20 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Kamchatka Flounder NPFMC Unknown16 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Bering Flounder NPFMC Unknown21 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Arctic Flounder NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Butter Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

C-O Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

California Tonguefish NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Curlfin Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Deepsea Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Dover Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

English Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Hybrid Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

53
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Longhead Dab NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pacific Sanddab NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Petrale Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Rex Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Roughscale Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Sand Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Slender Sole NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Starry Flounder NPFMC Unknown22 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Aurora Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Black Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Blackgill Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Blue Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

54
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Bocaccio NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Brown Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Canary Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Chameleon Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Chilipepper NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Copper Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Darkblotched Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Dusky Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Gray Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Greenstriped Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Harlequin Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pink Rose Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

55
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Pygmy Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Redbanded Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Redstripe Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Rosethorn Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Rosy Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Silvergrey Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Splitnose Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Stripetail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Tiger Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Vermilion Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Widow Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Yelloweye Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

56
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Yellowmouth Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Yellowtail Rockfish NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

Groundfish 

Broad Banded Thornyhead NPFMC Unknown23 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands

King and Tanner Crabs 

Blue King Crab Pribilof Islands NPFMC No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Saint Matthew Island NPFMC No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Saint Lawrence Island NPFMC Unknown2 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crabs 

Brown King 

Crab 

Aleutians NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Pribilof Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Northern District NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crabs 

Red King Crab Bristol Bay NPFMC No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Norton Sound NPFMC No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Pribilof Islands NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Aleutians NPFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crabs 

Bering Sea Snow Crab NPFMC No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands 

King and Tanner Crabs 

Tanner Crab Bering Sea NPFMC No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Eastern Aleutians NPFMC Unknown2 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Adak (Western Aleutians) NPFMC Unknown2 Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

57
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Alaska Scallops Alaska Scallops NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Swordfish Swordfish (North Atlantic) HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate / 

Stock Level 

Atlantic Billfishes Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate / 

Stock Level 

Atlantic Billfishes White Marlin (North Atlantic) HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate / 

Stock Level 

Atlantic Billfishes Sailfish (West Atlantic) HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate / 

Stock Level 

Atlantic Billfishes Spearfish (West Atlantic) HMS Unknown Unknown No Definition6 

Atlantic Sharks Sandbar Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Blacktip Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Dusky Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Spinner Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Silky Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Bull Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Bignose Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Narrowtooth Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Galapagos Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Night Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Caribbean Reef Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

58
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Atlantic Sharks Tiger Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Lemon Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Sand Tiger Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Bigeye Sand Tiger Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Nurse Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Scalloped Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Great Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Smooth Hammerhead Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Whale Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Basking Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks White Shark HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Atlantic Sharpnose Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Caribbean Sharpnose Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Finetooth Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Blacknose Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Smalltail Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Bonnethead Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Atlantic Angel Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Shortfin Mako Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

59
Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Atlantic Sharks Longfin Mako Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Porbeagle Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Thresher Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Bigeye Thresher Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Blue Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Oceanic Whitetip Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Sevengill Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Sixgill Shark HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Atlantic Sharks Bigeye Sixgill Sharks HMS No Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

1. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; FMP contains no overfishing definition. 

2. Current fishing mortality estimate for this stock is unknown. 

3. The full name for this FMP is the Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region. 

4. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living Oceans. 

5. The full name for this FMP is the Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico. 

6. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

60
7. The full name for this FMP is the Spiny Lobster Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

8. Stock assessment is 6 years old.

9. The full name for this FMP is the Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

10. The full name for this FMP is the Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

11. The full name for this FMP is the Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

12. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; the overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply because there are no escapement goals or

management objectives for this species.

13. The overfishing definition contained in the FMP does not apply because there are no escapement goals or management objectives for this species, and there

is no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans.

14. The full name for this FMP is the Precious Corals Fishery of the Western Pacific Region.

15. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Thornyhead Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Shortspine Thornyhead; no overfishing

determination can be made about the other species.

16. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Arrowtooth Flounder complex) is “not overfished” based on Arrowtooth Flounder; no overfishing

determination can be made about the other species.

17. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Flatfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Alaska Plaice, Butter Sole, Deepsea Sole, Dover

Sole, English Sole, Flathead Sole, Greenland Turbot, Rex Sole, Northern Rock Sole, Southern Rock Sole, Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, and Yellowfin Sole; no

overfishing determination can be made about the other species.

18. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Pelagic Shelf Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Dusky Rockfish; no overfishing

determination can be made about the other species.

19. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Demersal Shelf Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Yelloweye Rockfish; no overfishing

determination can be made about the other species.

20. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Other Species complex) is “not overfished” based on abundance estimates of the complex; no

overfishing determination can be made about individual species.

21. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Flathead Sole complex) is “not overfished” based on Flathead Sole; no overfishing determination

can be made about the other species.

61 
22. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Other Flathead complex) is “not overfished” based on Alaska Plaice; no overfishing determination 

can be made about the other species. 

23. The overfishing determination for this species complex (Other Rockfish complex) is “not overfished” based on Longspine Thornyhead and Shortspine 

Thornyhead; no overfishing determination can be made about the other species. 

62
Table A2. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans, But Not 

Contained in the Management Unit 

Fishery Management Plan Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing 

Definition 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Queen Triggerfish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Hogfish GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Dwarf Sand Perch GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

Reef Fish Resources of the 

Gulf of Mexico 

Sand Perch GMFMC Unknown Unknown Fishing Mortality Rate 

63
Table A3. Summary of Stock Status for Species not Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans

Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing Definition 

Little Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition 

Winter Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Barndoor Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Thorny Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Brier Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Leopard Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Smooth-tailed Skate NEFMC / MAFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Weakfish ASMFC Yes N/A Stock Level 

Spotted Seatrout ASMFC Yes2 N/A Stock Level 

Spot ASMFC Unknown Unknown No Definition 

Atlantic Croaker ASMFC Yes2 N/A Stock Level 

Atlantic Menhaden ASMFC No2 Unknown Stock Level 

Striped Bass ASMFC No2 Unknown Stock Level 

Northern Shrimp ASMFC No2 Unknown Stock Level 

Gulf Menhaden GSMFC No2 Unknown Stock Level 

Black Drum GSMFC Unknown Unknown No Definition3 

Pacific Bonito PFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

64
Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing Definition 

California Barracuda PFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

White Seabass PFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

White Croaker PFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Yellowtail PFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Giant Squid PFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Mackerel Scad WPFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Bigeye Scad WPFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Pacific Halibut PFMC and NPFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Rattails NPFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition1 

Sea Snails NPFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition3 

1. There is no FMP for this species, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans. 

2. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; there is no FMP for this species. 

3. There is no FMP for this species; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living Oceans. 

4. The resource is managed by treaty between the United States and Canada through recommendations of th eInternational Pacific Halibut Commission. Pacific halibut is 

managed under the jurisdiction of the PFMC for WA, OR, and CA and under the jurisdication of the NPFMC for Alaska. 

65
Table A4. Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans Under Development

Stock Jurisdiction Overfished? 

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition? 

Basis of Overfishing Definition 

Atlantic Halibut NEFMC Yes N/A Stock Level 

Tilefish MAFMC Yes1 N/A Stock Level 

Bigeye Tuna (Atlantic) HMS Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate / Stock Level 

Albacore (North Atlantic) HMS No1 Unknown Stock Level 

Yellowfin Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS No1 Unknown Stock Level 

Skipjack Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS No1 Unknown Stock Level 

Bluefin Tuna (West Atlantic) HMS Yes1 N/A Stock Level 

Bonito (Atlantic) HMS Unknown Unknown No Definition 

Atlantic Herring NEFMC No No Fishing Mortality Rate 

Monkfish NEFMC / 

MAFMC 

Yes N/A Stock Level 

Spiny Dogfish NEFMC / 

MAFMC 

Yes N/A Fishing Mortality Rate / Stock Level 

Pacific Sardine PFMC Yes1 N/A Stock Level 

Pacific (Chub) Mackerel PFMC Yes1 N/A Stock Level 

Market Squid PFMC Unknown Unknown No Definition2 

1. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; there is no FMP for this species. 

2. There is no FMP for this species, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans.

66
Appendix 1. Overfishing Definitions Contained in Fishery Management Plans 

The following definitions are as contained in the Fishery Management Plans, with minor editing changes to maintain consistency of 

terms. See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix. 

Atlantic Sea Scallop - Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate that, if continued, results in a spawning stock biomass of 5% of 

the maximum spawning potential (MSP). The corresponding target fishing mortality (F) will be calculated as a level that will result in 

a 5% MSP under equilibrium conditions. 

Atlantic Salmon - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

American Lobster - The American lobster resource is considered recruitment overfished when, throughout its range, the fishing 

mortality rate (F), given the regulations in place at that time under the suite of regional management measures, results in a reduction in 

estimated egg production per recruit to 10% or less of a non-fished population. 

The development of the status of the stock report and the evaluation of the fishery induced effects will consider information based 

upon one or more indices including, but not limited to: Larval abundance index in surface waters; larval settlement index; pre-recruit 

indices by year-class; landings; size composition of the landings spawning stock biomass; numbers of egg-bearing females; effort levels 

and catch-per-unit-of-effort (CPUE); and possible development of relationships of biological parameters to water temperature or other 

environmental parameters. 

Northeast Multispecies 

Cod (Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank) - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. 

Haddock (Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine) - Overfishing is defined for Gulf of Maine haddock as the fishing mortality rate associated 

with 20% MSP, and for Georges Bank haddock, the fishing mortality rate associated with 30% MSP. 

Yellowtail Flounder (Georges Bank, Southern New England, Cape Cod, Middle Atlantic) - Overfishing occurs when the fishing 

67 
mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. 

American Plaice - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. 

Redfish - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. 

Witch Flounder - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. 

White Hake - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average of the species abundance index from the Northeast Fisheries 

Science Center’s bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile of the time series. 

Pollock - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. 

Windowpane Flounder - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average of the species abundance index from the Northeast 

Fisheries Science Center’s bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile of the time series. 

Winter Flounder (Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine, Southern New England) - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate 

exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. 

Silver Hake (Gulf of Maine / Northern Georges Bank, Southern Georges Bank / Middle Atlantic) - Overfishing occurs 

whenever the 4-year running average percent maximum spawning potential (%MSP) is less than the threshold %MSP, which is 31% 

for the Maine / Northern Georges Bank stock and 42% for the Southern Georges Bank / Mid-Atlantic stock. 

Red Hake - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average of the species abundance index from the Northeast Fisheries Science 

Center’s bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile of the time series. 

Ocean Pout - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average of the species abundance index from the Northeast Fisheries Science 

Center’s bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile of the time series. 

68
Summer Flounder, Scup, and Black Sea Bass 

Scup - Overfishing is defined as fishing in excess of Fmax. 

Summer Flounder - Overfishing is defined as fishing in excess of Fmax. 

Black Sea Bass - Overfishing is defined as fishing in excess of Fmax. 

Bluefish (except Gulf of Mexico) - Overfishing is defined as a level of fishing that exceeds the fishing mortality rate that results in the 

highest sustainable yield (MSY). 

Surf Clams and Ocean Quahogs 

Surf Clam - The overfishing definition for surf clams is the fishing mortality rate of F20% (20% of MSP). 

Ocean Quahog - The overfishing definition for ocean quahogs is the fishing mortality rate of F25% (25% MSP). 

Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish 

Illex Squid - Overfishing is defined as when the catch associated with a threshold fishing mortality of F20% is exceeded. 

Loligo Squid - Overfishing is defined to occur when the catch associated with a threshold fishing mortality rate of Fmax is exceeded. 

Atlantic Mackerel - Overfishing is defined as the catch of Atlantic mackerel that exceeds the annual allowable biological catch (ABC) 

for the species. The fishing mortality rate associated with the total catch of Atlantic mackerel shall not exceed F0.1. ABC is the 

allowable biological catch in U.S. waters for the upcoming year and C is defined as the quantity of mackerel that is expected to be 

caught in Canadian waters. ABC + C = Total catch of mackerel. In addition, a spawning stock size (S) of no less than 900,000 mt 

shall be maintained at the end of the fishing year for which estimates and quotas are being prepared. 

69 
Butterfish (Atlantic) - Overfishing is defined to occur when the 3-year moving average of pre- recruits from the Northeast Fisheries 

Science Center’s autumn bottom trawl falls within the lowest quartile of the time series or when the landings exceed a threshold fishing 

mortality of Fmsy. 

Golden Crab - Overfishing is defined as any rate of fishing mortality in excess of Fmsy for golden crab in the South Atlantic Council’s 

management area. 

Shrimp Fishery of the South Atlantic 

White Shrimp - Overfishing is indicated when the overwintering white shrimp population within a state’s water declines by 80% or 

more following severe winter weather resulting in prolonged cold water temperatures. Continued fishing following such a decline may 

reduce the reproductive capacity of the stock affecting subsequent recruitment and would be considered overfishing. 

Rock Shrimp - The South Atlantic rock shrimp resource is overfished when the annual landings exceed the value which is two 

standard deviations above mean landings for the period 1986-1994. This level, based on the more accurate state data, is approximately 

6,829,449 pounds, heads on. 

Brown Shrimp - The South Atlantic brown shrimp resources are overfished when annual landings fall below two standard deviations 

below mean landings for the period 1957-1993 for 3 consecutive years (2,946,157 pounds, heads on). 

Pink Shrimp - The South Atlantic pink shrimp resources are overfished when annual landings fall below two standard deviations 

below mean landings for the period 1957-1993 for 3 consecutive years (286,293 pounds, heads on). 

South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper 

Jewfish -

1. Jewfish are overfished when the stock is below the level of 40% of the spawning stock biomass per recruit that would occur in the 

70 
absence of fishing. 

2. When jewfish are overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is not consistent with a program that has been 

established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 40% spawning stock biomass per recruit level. 

3. When jewfish are not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead to a state of the stock or 

stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of OY on a continuing basis. 

4. The threshold level is 30% SSBR; below this level, no harvest or possession of jewfish is allowed. 

Note: The definition of Optimum Yield for jewfish is 40% SSBR. 

Nassau Grouper, Vermilion Snapper, Red Porgy, Gag Grouper, Red Snapper, Scamp, Speckled Hind, Snowy Grouper, 

Warsaw Grouper, Golden Tilefish, White Grunt, Black Sea Bass, Gray Triggerfish, Queen Triggerfish, Ocean Triggerfish, 

Yellow Jack, Blue Runner, Crevalle Jack, Bar Jack, Greater Amberjack, Lesser Amberjack, Almaco Jack, Banded 

Rudderfish, Spadefish, Black Margate, Porkfish, Margate, Tomtate, Smallmouth Grunt, French Grunt, Spanish Grunt, 

Cottonwick, Sailors Choice, Blue Stripe Grunt, Hogfish, Puddingwife, Black Snapper, Queen Snapper, Mutton Snapper, 

Schoolmaster, Blackfin Snapper, Cubera Snapper, Gray Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Dog Snapper, Lane Snapper, Silk 

Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Blueline Tilefish, Sand Tilefish, Wreckfish, Bank Sea Bass, Rock Sea Bass, Rock Hind, 

Graysby, Yellowedge Grouper, Coney, Red Hind, Red Grouper, Misty Grouper, Black Grouper, Yellowmouth Grouper, Tiger 

Grouper, Yellowfin Grouper, Sheepshead, Grass Porgy, Jolthead Porgy, Saucereye Porgy, Whitebone Porgy, Knobbed Porgy, 

Longspine Porgy, Scup -

1. A snapper-grouper stock or stock complex is overfished when it is below the level of 30% of the spawning stock biomass per recruit 

that would occur in the absence of fishing. 

2. When a snapper-grouper stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is not consistent with a 

program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 30% spawning stock biomass per recruit level. 

3. When a snapper-grouper stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that, if continued, would 

lead to a state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of OY on a continuing basis. 

Note: For a snapper-grouper stock or stock complex, Optimum Yield is defined as 30% SSBR. 

71
Red Drum (Atlantic coast) - Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate that will, if continued, reduce the spawning potential 

ratio (SPR) below 30% of the level that would exist at equilibrium without fishing. 

Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region 

Fire Corals, Hydrocorals, Octocorals, Stony Corals, Black Corals - Overfishing is defined as an annual level of harvest that 

exceeds optimum yield (OY). OY for coral reefs, stony corals, hydrocorals, black corals, seafans, and live rock is zero, except as may 

be authorized for scientific and educational purposes. Harvest of allowable octocorals in the EEZ is not to exceed 50,000 colonies per 

year (Gulf and South Atlantic EEZ combined). 

Stone Crab - Overfishing exists when the realized egg production per recruit is reduced below 70% of potential production. 

Overfishing will be avoided when there is a minimum claw length (length of propodus) that assures survival of the crabs to achieve 

70% egg production per recruit potential. 

Shrimp Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico 

Brown Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is indicated where parent stock levels are reduced below 125 million shrimp. This value is 

slightly lower than the 1983 level of parent stock, which is the lowest observed value since 1960. Parent stock is defined for brown 

shrimp as the number of age 7+ (months) shrimp during the November through February period. 

Pink Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (statistical areas 1-12) is indicated where parent stock levels are 

reduced below 100 million shrimp. Parent stock is defined for pink shrimp as the number of 5+ (months) shrimp during the July 

through June period. Pink shrimp in the western U.S. Gulf were not included in this definition because mixed catches of brown and 

pink shrimp are not separated and are landed, sold, and statistically treated as brown shrimp. 

White Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is indicated where parent stock levels are reduced below 330 million shrimp. Parent stock is 

defined for pink shrimp as the number of age 7+ (months) shrimp during the May through August period. 

Royal Red Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is defined as fishing greater than optimum yield (OY). OY is set at MSY (maximum 

72 
sustainable yield), which was estimated to be 392,000 pounds of tails over 1,290 days fished. Royal red shrimp differ from penaeid 

shrimp in that they are not estuarine dependent but exist in a relatively constant environment in the deeper waters of the Gulf of 

Mexico (100 to 300 fathoms). Thus, they conform more closely to a classical Schaefer-type fishery. 

Rock Shrimp, Seabob Shrimp - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico 

Fire Corals, Hydrocorals, Octocorals, Stony Corals, Black Corals - Overfishing is defined as an annual level of harvest that 

exceeds optimum yield (OY). OY for coral reefs, stony corals, hydrocorals, black corals, seafans, and live rock is zero, except as may 

be authorized for scientific and educational purposes. Harvest of allowable octocorals in the EEZ is not to exceed 50,000 colonies per 

year (Gulf and South Atlantic EEZ combined). 

Spiny Lobster Fishery of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico 

Spiny Lobster - Overfishing exists when the eggs-per-recruit (EPR) ratio of the exploited population to the unexploited population is 

reduced below 5% and recruitment of small lobsters into the fishery has declined for 3 consecutive fishing years. Overfishing will be 

avoided when the EPR ratio of exploited to unexploited populations is maintained above 5%. 

Slipper Lobster - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico 

Gulf and Atlantic group King Mackerel, Gulf and Atlantic group Spanish Mackerel, Cobia A mackerel and cobia stock shall be 

considered overfished if the spawning potential ratio (SPR) is less than the target level percentage recommended by the assessment 

panel, approved by the Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC) and adopted by the Councils. The target level percentage shall not 

be less than 20%. Based on the recommendation of the assessment panel and approved by the SSC, the Councils and the Regional 

Director have approved a SPR of 30% for king and Spanish mackerel. No SPR estimate has been calculated for cobia. In the absence 

of an SPR estimate, an MSY of 2.2 million pounds is substituted. The MSY is based on the average annual landings (commercial and 

73 
recreational) for the period 1984 - 1991. 

Cero, Dolphin, Little Tunny, Bluefish (Gulf of Mexico only) - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Reef Fish of the Gulf of Mexico 

Red Snapper, Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, Vermilion Snapper, Greater Amberjack, Gray Triggerfish, Lesser Amberjack, 

Almaco Jack, Banded Rudderfish, Tomtate, Pigfish, Queen Snapper, Mutton Snapper, Schoolmaster, Blackfin Snapper, 

Cubera Snapper, Gray (Mangrove) Snapper, Dog Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Lane Snapper, Silk Snapper, Yellowtail 

Snapper, Wenchman, Goldface Tilefish, Blackline Tilefish, Anchor Tilefish, Blueline Tilefish, Tilefish, Rock Hind, 

Speckled Hind, Yellowedge Grouper, Red Hind, Red Grouper, Misty Grouper, Warsaw Grouper, Snowy Grouper, Black 

Grouper, Yellowmouth Grouper, Gag Grouper, Scamp, Yellowfin Grouper, Grass Porgy, Jolthead Porgy, Queen Triggerfish, 

Hogfish, Dwarf Sand Perch, Sand Perch - A reef fish stock is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the spawning 

potential ratio (SPR) that would occur in the absence of fishing. 

When a reef fish stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is not consistent with a 

program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 20% SPR level. 

When a reef fish stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that if continued would lead to a 

state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of optimum yield on a continuing basis. 

Red Drum - (Gulf of Mexico) Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality that prohibits attaining the spawning stock goal or 

threshold, which is currently set at a 20% spawning stock biomass ratio. 

Spiny Lobster (Caribbean) - A spiny lobster stock or stock complex is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the Spawning 

Potential Ratio (SPR). 

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When a spiny lobster stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as the harvesting rate that is not consistent with a 

program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 20% SPR. 

When a spiny lobster stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead 

to a state that would not allow harvest at OY on a continuing basis. 

The SPR for spiny lobsters is measured in terms of eggs per recruit. For monitoring the SPR, the method described by Gregory et al. 

(1982) will be used to compare female fecundity by length class within fished areas to that in unfished areas. 

Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands 

Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, Ocean Surgeonfish, Doctorfish, Blue Tang, Frogfish, Flamefish, Conchfish, Trumpetfish, 

Scrawled Filefish, Queen Triggerfish, Whitespotted Filefish, Ocean Triggerfish, Black Durgon, Sargassum Triggerfish, 

Redlip Blenny, Peacock Flounder, Yellow Jack, Blue Runner, Horse-eye Jack, Black Jack, Bar Jack, Greater Amberjack, 

Almaco Jack, Longsnout Butterflyfish, Foureye Butterflyfish, Spotfin Butterflyfish, Banded Butterflyfish, Redspotted 

Hawkfish, Flying Gurnard, Atlantic Spadefish, Neon Goby, Rusty Goby, Royal Gramma, Porkfish, Margate, Tomtate, 

French Grunt, White Grunt, Bluestriped Grunt, Squirrelfish, Longspine Squirrelfish, Blackbar Soldierfish, Cardinal 

Soldierfish, Spanish Hogfish, Creole Wrasse, Yellowcheek Wrasse, Yellowhead Wrasse, Clown Wrasse, Puddingwife, 

Pearly Razorfish, Green Razorfish, Hogfish, Bluehead Wrasse, Black Snapper, Queen Snapper, Mutton Snapper, 

Schoolmaster, Blackfin Snapper, Gray Snapper, Dog Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Lane Snapper, Silk Snapper, Yellowtail 

Snapper, Wenchman, Vermilion Snapper, Blackline Tilefish, Sand Tilefish, Yellow Goatfish, Spotted Goatfish, Chain 

Moray, Green Moray, Goldentail Moray, Batfish, Goldspotted Eel, Yellowhead Jawfish, Dusky Jawfish, Spotted Trunkfish, 

Honeycomb Cowfish, Scrawled Cowfish, Trunkfish, Smooth Trunkfish, Cherubfish, Queen Angelfish, Rock Beauty, Gray 

Angelfish, French Angelfish, Sergeant Major, Blue Chromis, Sunshinefish, Yellowtail Damselfish, Dusky Damselfish, 

Beaugregory, Bicolor Damselfish, Threespot Damselfish, Bigeye, Glasseye Snapper, Midnight Parrotfish, Blue Parrotfish, 

Striped Parrotfish, Rainbow Parrotfish, Princess Parrotfish, Queen Parrotfish, Redband Parrotfish, Redtail Parrotfish, 

Redfin Parrotfish, Stoplight Parrotfish, High-hat, Jackknife-fish, Spotted Drum, Scorpionfishes, Rock Hind, Graysby, 

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Yellowedge Grouper, Coney, Red Hind, Red Grouper, Misty Grouper, Butter Hamlet, Swissguard Basslet, Yellowfin 

Grouper, Tiger Grouper, Creole-fish, Greater Soapfish, Orangeback Bass, Lantern Bass, Tobaccofish, Harlequin Bass, 

Chalk Bass, Caribbean Tonguefish, Sea Bream, Jolthead Porgy, Sheepshead Porgy, Pluma, Seahorses, Pipefishes, Sand 

Diver, Sharpnose Puffer, Porcupinefish - A reef fish stock or stock complex is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the 

spawning stock biomass per recruit (SSBR) that would occur in the absence of fishing. 

When a reef fish stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is not consistent with a 

program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 20% SPR level. 

When a reef fish stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead to a 

state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of OY on a continuing basis. 

Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands 

Queen Conch - A queen conch stock is overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the spawning stock biomass per recruit 

(SSBR) that would occur in the absence of fishing. 

When a queen conch stock is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is not consistent with a program that has 

been established to rebuild the stock to the 20% SSBR level. 

When a queen conch stock is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead to a state of the 

stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of OY on a continuing basis. 

Atlantic Triton’s Trumpet, Cameo Helmet, Caribbean Helmet, Caribbean Vase, Flame Helmet, Green Star Shell, 

Hawkwing Conch, Milk Conch, Roostertail Conch, True Tulip, West Indian Fighting Conch, Whelk (West Indian Top 

Shell) - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP. 

Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands 

76
Sponges, Hydrocorals, Hydroids, Soft Corals, Gorgonian Corals, Hard Corals, Black Corals, Anemones, Colonial 

Anemones, False Corals, Annelid Worms, other Gastropods, Bivalves, Cephalopods, Crustaceans, Bryozoans, Feather Stars, 

Sea Stars, Brittle and Basket Stars, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, Tunicates, Green Algae, Red Algae, Seagrasses 

Overfishing is defined as an annual level of harvest that exceeds OY. OY for stony corals, octocorals, live-rock and seagrasses is set at 

zero, except as may be authorized for scientific research, education and restoration purposes. 

Washington, Oregon, and California Salmon 

Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver Summer), Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver Spring), Chinook Salmon 

(Columbia River, Snake River, Spring), Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Spring), Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Summer / 

Fall), Chinook Salmon (Stillaguamish River, Summer / Fall), Chinook Salmon (Snohomish River, Summer / Fall), 

Chinook Salmon (Lake Washington), Chinook Salmon (Dungeness River), Coho Salmon (Strait of Juan de Fuca), other 

Chinook Salmon stocks, other Coho Salmon stocks - Overfishing is an occurrence whereby all mortality, regardless of the source, 

results in a failure of a salmon stock to meet its annual spawning escapement goal or management objective, as specified in Section 3.5 

of the salmon FMP for 3 consecutive years, and for which changes in the fishery management regime offer the primary opportunity to 

improve stock status. While this condition is defined as overfishing in the broad sense, it is recognized that this situation may also be 

the result of nonfishing mortality and fishery management actions may not adequately address the situation. 

When a specific stock or stock grouping fails to meet its annual spawning escapement objective for 3 consecutive years, the Council 

shall appoint a work group to investigate the causes of the apparent shortfall (e.g., due to causes within or outside of Council control). 

The current status of stock productivity and all sources of stock mortality will be examined by the work group and a report of its 

conclusions and recommendations provided to the Council. For those actions within Council control, the Council may change 

analytical or procedural methodologies to improve the accuracy of estimates for abundance, harvest impact and MSY escapement 

levels, and/or to reduce ocean harvest impacts when shown to be effective in stock recovery to MSY levels. 

Stocks without specified goals in the FMP are also provided significant protection against overfishing because the Council bases its 

management on the stock which is first reduced to its annual specified goal level by the fisheries. Such a stock could be the weakest 

stock or an abundant stock which is heavily impacted by ocean salmon fisheries. 

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Northern Anchovy - No harvest of any kind when the spawning biomass during the current and preceding season was less than 50,000 

mt. Harvests are resumed only when the spawning biomass equals or exceeds 50,000 mt. 

Washington, Oregon, and California Groundfish 

Lingcod, Canary Rockfish, Pacific Ocean Perch, Shortspine Thornyhead, Bocaccio, Yellowtail Rockfish, Pacific Whiting, 

Sablefish, Dover Sole, English Sole, Petrale Sole, Chilipepper Rockfish, Shortbelly Rockfish, Longspine Thornyhead, 

Widow Rockfish, Jack Mackerel, Pacific Cod, Arrowtooth Flounder, Butter Sole, Curlfin Sole, Flathead Sole, Pacific 

Sanddab, Rex Sole, Rock Sole, Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, Aurora Rockfish, Bank Rockfish, Black Rockfish, 

Black-and-Yellow Rockfish, Blackgill Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, Bronzespotted Rockfish, Brown Rockfish, Calico Rockfish, 

China Rockfish, Copper Rockfish, Darkblotched Rockfish, Dusty Rockfish, Flag Rockfish, Gopher Rockfish, Grass Rockfish, 

Greenblotched Rockfish, Greenspotted Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, Honeycomb Rockfish, Kelp 

Rockfish, Mexican Rockfish, Olive Rockfish, Pink Rockfish, Quillback Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe Rockfish, 

Rosethorn Rockfish, Rosy Rockfish, Rougheye Rockfish, Sharpchin Rockfish, Shortraker Rockfish, Silvergrey Rockfish, 

Speckled Rockfish, Splitnose Rockfish, Squarespot Rockfish, Starry Rockfish, Stripetail Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, 

Vermilion Rockfish, Yelloweye Rockfish, Yellowmouth Rockfish, Leopard Shark, Soupfin Shark, Spiny Dogfish, Big Skate, 

California Skate, Longnose Skate, Ratfish, Finescale Codling, Pacific Rattail, Cabezon, Kelp Greenling, California 

Scorpionfish, Cowcod, Treefish - Overfishing is defined as exceeding the fishing mortality rate (FOF) that would, in the long term, 

reduce spawning biomass per recruit to 20% of its unfished level. 

When spawning biomass is greater than that which produces MSY, set FOF equal to the greater of F20% and the rate that would, in 1 

year, reduce the spawning biomass to the level that produces MSY. 

Overfishing parameters to be compared to the standards cannot be estimated for all species because of the wide range of knowledge 

available for the species managed under the FMP. Three categories of species are identified. The first includes the few species for 

which a quantitative stock assessment can be conducted on the basis of a catch-at-age or other data. The second category includes a 

large number of species for which some biological indicators are available, but a quantitative analysis cannot be completed. The third 

category includes minor species that are caught, but for which there is, at best, only partial information on landed biomass. 

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Crustaceans of the Western Pacific 

Spiny Lobster - Lobster stocks shall be deemed overfished with regard to recruitment when the spawning potential ratio (measured 

for a specific area) is 0.2 or below. 

Slipper Lobster - Lobster stocks shall be deemed overfished with regard to recruitment when the spawning potential ratio (measured 

for a specific area) is 0.2 or below. 

Precious Corals of the Western Pacific 

Pink Corals, Gold Corals, Bamboo Corals, Black Corals - An established coral bed shall be deemed overfished with respect to 

recruitment when the total spawning biomass (all species combined) has been reduced to 20% of its unfished condition. 

Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific 

Pelagic Armorhead, Squirrelfish Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands), Longtail Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands), Seabass 

(Main Hawaiian Islands), Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest Hawaiian Islands), Longtail Snapper (Northwest Hawaiian 

Islands), Silverjaw Jobfish, Gray Jobfish, Bluestripe Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Pink Snapper, Yelloweye Snapper, 

Snapper Pristipomoides sieboldil, Snapper Pristipomoides zonatus, Giant Trevally, Black Jack, Thick Lipped Trevally, 

Amberjack, Blacktip Grouper, Seabass (Northwest Hawaiian Islands), Lunartail Grouper, Ambon Emperor, Redgill 

Emperor, Alfonsin, Ratfish - A bottomfish species is recruitment overfished when the Spawning Potential Ratio (i.e., the ratio of the 

spawning stock biomass per recruit at the current level of fishing (SSBRf) to the spawning stock biomass per recruit that would occur 

in the absence of fishing (SSBRu)), is equal to or less than .20. 

Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific 

Yellowfin Tuna (Central Western Pacific), Albacore (South Pacific), Albacore (North Pacific), Yellowfin Tuna (Eastern 

Tropical Pacific), Skipjack Tuna (Central Western Pacific), Skipjack Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific), Striped Marlin, Black 

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Marlin, Bigeye Tuna (Pacific), other Tuna relatives: Auxis spp., Scomber spp., Allothunnus spp., Swordfish (Pacific), 

Pomfret, Sailfish (Pacific), Shortbill Spearfish (Pacific), Wahoo (Pacific), Mahimahi (Pacific), Blue Marlin (Pacific), Opah, 

Oilfish, Escolar - A stock is overfished when its spawning potential ratio (SPR) is equal to or less than 0.20. SPR may be estimated 

in several ways, using estimates of spawning stock biomass, spawning stock biomass per recruit, spawning stock catch per unit of 

effort, and exploitable stock biomass. The common element for all calculations is the attempt to assess the status of current spawning 

potential against the spawning potential of an unfished population. The use of a specific measure will depend on the availability of 

data for the stock and fisheries involved. 

Pelagic Sharks - A stock is overfished when its spawning potential ratio (SPR) is equal to or less than 0.35. SPR may be estimated 

in several ways, using estimates of spawning stock biomass, spawning stock biomass per recruit, spawning stock catch per unit of 

effort, and exploitable stock biomass. The common element for all calculations is the attempt to assess the status of current spawning 

potential against the spawning potential of an unfished population. The use of a specific measure will depend on the availability of 

data for the stock and fisheries involved. 

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish 

Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, Sablefish, Atka Mackerel, Broad Banded Thornyhead, Longspine Thornyhead, Shortspine 

Thornyhead, Arrowtooth Flounder, Kamchatka Flounder, Alaska Plaice, Bering Flounder, Butter Sole, C-O Sole, Curlfin 

Sole, Deepsea Sole, Dover Sole, English Sole, Flathead Sole, Greenland Turbot, Hybrid Sole, Longhead Dab, Pacific 

Sanddab, Petrale Sole, Rex Sole, Rock Sole, Roughscale Sole, Sand Sole, Slender Sole, Starry Flounder, Yellowfin Sole, 

Dusky Rockfish, Widow Rockfish, Yellowtail Rockfish, Canary Rockfish, China Rockfish, Copper Rockfish, Quillback 

Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, Yelloweye Rockfish, Aurora Rockfish, Blackgill Rockfish, Bocaccio, 

Chilipepper, Darkblotched Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, Northern Rockfish, Pacific Ocean Perch, 

Pygmy Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe Rockfish, Rougheye Rockfish, Sharpchin Rockfish, Shortbelly Rockfish, 

Shortraker Rockfish, Silvergrey Rockfish, Splitnose Rockfish, Stripetail Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish, Yellowmouth 

Rockfish, Blue Shark, Brown Cat Shark, Pacific Sleeper Shark, Salmon Shark, Sixgill Shark, Spiny Dogfish Shark, 

Alaska Skate, Aleutian Skate, Big Skate, Flathead Skate, Longnose Skate, Roughtail Skate, Sandpaper Skate, Starry 

Skate, Armorhead Sculpin, Bigmouth Sculpin, Blackfin Sculpin, Dusky Sculpin, Great Sculpin, Red Irish Lord, Ribbed 

Sculpin, Roughspine Sculpin, Spinyhead Sculpin, Tadpole Sculpin, Thorny Sculpin, Yellow Irish Lord, Octopus Octopus 

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dofleini, Octopus Opisthoteuthis california, Squid Berryteuthis magister, Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus, Capelin, 

Eulachon, Rainbow Smelt - Overfishing is defined as any amount of fishing in excess of a prescribed maximum allowable rate. This 

maximum allowable rate is prescribed through a set of six tiers [which are listed in Appendix 4] in descending order of preference, 

corresponding to descending order of information availability. The SSC will have final authority for determining whether a given item 

of information is “reliable” for the purpose of this definition, and may use either objective or subjective criteria in making such 

determinations. For tier (1), a “pdf” refers to a probability density function. For tiers (1-3), the coefficient is set at a default value of 

0.05, with the understanding that the SSC may establish a different value for a specific stock of stock complex as merited by the best 

available scientific information. For tiers (2-4), a designation of the form “FX%” refers to the F associated with an equilibrium level of 

spawning per recruit (SPR) equal to X% of the equilibrium level of spawning per recruit in the absence of any fishing. If reliable 

information sufficient to characterize the entire maturity schedule of a species is not available, the SSC may choose to view SPR 

calculations based on a knife-edge maturity assumption as reliable. For tier (3), the term B40% refers to the long-term average biomass 

that would be expected under average recruitment and F=F40%. 

Alaska Salmon 

Pink Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon - Overfishing is defined as any fishing that 

results in the stock not meeting spawner escapement targets. Escapement targets are set by Alaska Department of Fish and Game and 

the U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Commission so that escapement will not be significantly less than needed to produce MSY. 

Escapement targets for major stocks of Alaska salmon are continuously evaluated based on new data and improved spawner-recruit 

databases. The overfishing definition notwithstanding, it is recognized that failure to meet spawner escapements may also be the result 

of nonfishing mortality and that fishery management actions may not adequately address the situation. 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish 

Eastern Bering Sea Walleye Pollock, Aleutian Islands Walleye Pollock, Bogoslof Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, Yellowfin 

Sole, Greenland Turbot, Arrowtooth Flounder, Kamchatka Flounder, Rock Sole, Flathead Sole, Bering Flounder, Sablefish, 

Pacific Ocean Perch, Northern Rockfish, Sharpchin Rockfish, Shortraker Rockfish, Rougheye Rockfish, Atka Mackerel, 

Squid Berryteuthis magister, Squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponica, Alaska Plaice, Arctic Flounder, Butter Sole, C-O Sole, 

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California Tonguefish, Curlfin Sole, Deepsea Sole, Dover Sole, English Sole, Hybrid Sole, Longhead Dab, Pacific Sanddab, 

Petrale Sole, Rex Sole, Roughscale Sole, Sand Sole, Slender Sole, Starry Flounder, Aurora Rockfish, Black Rockfish, 

Blackgill Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, Bocaccio, Brown Rockfish, Canary Rockfish, Chameleon Rockfish, Chilipepper, Copper 

Rockfish, Darkblotched Rockfish, Dusky Rockfish, Gray Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, Pink Rose 

Rockfish, Pygmy Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish, Rosy Rockfish, Silvergrey 

Rockfish, Splitnose Rockfish, Stripetail Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish, Widow Rockfish, Yelloweye 

Rockfish, Yellowmouth Rockfish, Yellowtail Rockfish, Broad Banded Thornyhead, Longspine Thornyhead, Shortspine 

Thornyhead, Other Species complex (includes Antlered Sculpin, Armorhead Sculpin, Bigmouth Sculpin, Blackfin Sculpin, 

Blob Sculpin, Brown Irish Lord, Butterfly Sculpin, Calico Sculpin, Crested Sculpin, Dusky Sculpin, Great Sculpin, Pacific 

Staghorn Sculpin, Plain Sculpin, Red Irish Lord, Ribbed Sculpin, Scissortail Sculpin, Shorthorn Sculpin, Spinyhead 

Sculpin, Tadpole Sculpin, Thorny Sculpin, Warty Sculpin, Yellow Irish Lord, Alaska Skate, Aleutian Skate, Big Skate, 

Deepsea Skate, Golden Skate, Longnose Skate, Starry Skate, Blue Shark, Pacific Sleeper Shark, Salmon Shark, Sixgill 

Shark, Soupfin Shark, Spiny Dogfish, Thresher Shark, Capelin Eulachon, Rainbow Smelt, Octopus Octopus dofleini, 

Octopus Opisthoteuthis california) - Overfishing is defined as any amount of fishing in excess of a prescribed maximum allowable 

rate. This maximum allowable rate is prescribed through a set of six tiers [which are listed in Appendix 4] in descending order of 

preference, corresponding to descending order of information availability. The SSC will have final authority for determining whether a 

given item of information is “reliable” for the purpose of this definition, and may use either objective or subjective criteria in making 

such determinations. For tier (1), a “pdf” refers to a probability density function. For tiers (1-3), the coefficient is set at a default 

value of 0.05, with the understanding that the SSC may establish a different value for a specific stock of stock complex as merited by 

the best available scientific information. For tiers (2-4), a designation of the form “FX%” refers to the F associated with an equilibrium 

level of spawning per recruit (SPR) equal to X% of the equilibrium level of spawning per recruit in the absence of any fishing. If 

reliable information sufficient to characterize the entire maturity schedule of a species is not available, the SSC may choose to view 

SPR calculations based on a knife-edge maturity assumption as reliable. For tier (3), the term B40% refers to the long-term average 

biomass that would be expected under average recruitment and F=F40%. 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs 

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Blue King Crab (Pribilof Islands, Saint Matthew Island, Saint Lawrence Island), Brown King Crab (Aleutians, Pribilof 

Islands, Northern District), Red King Crab (Bristol Bay, Norton Sound, Pribilof Islands, Aleutians), Bering Sea Snow Crab, 

Tanner Crab [Bering Sea, Eastern Aleutians, Adak (Western Aleutians)] - Overfishing is defined as any rate of fishing mortality 

in excess of Fmsy for king and Tanner crab stocks in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI) management area. Three tiers are 

characterized for this definition according to the data available to quantify maximum fishing mortality rate. Each of the 17 stocks in the 

management area is assigned to one of the tiers. 

Tier 1) Data available: Historical catch, sporadic inseason catch and effort data, and mortality. Overfishing for stocks with tier 1 data 

is defined as a fishing mortality rate in excess of Fmsy, where the maximum allowable fishing mortality rate is estimated to equal the 

natural mortality rate of mature male crab. Inseason fishing mortality rate may be based on a change in the inseason ratio of CPUE of 

legal to mature male crab or a proportionate reduction in average weekly CPUE. 

Tier 2) Data available: Historical catch, continuous inseason catch and effort data, and mortality. Overfishing for stocks with tier 2 

data is defined as a fishing mortality rate in excess of FMSY, where the maximum allowable fishing mortality rate is estimated to equal 

the natural mortality rate of mature male crab. Inseason fishing mortality rate may be based on inseason CPUE and cumulative catch 

or legal male crab. 

Tier 3) Data available: Historical catch, continuous inseason catch and effort data, stock assessment, stock-recruitment, growth, 

maturity, and mortality parameters. Overfishing for stocks with tier 3 data is defined as a fishing mortality rate in excess of FMSY, 

where the maximum allowable fishing mortality rate for these stocks cannot exceed FMSY estimated as F0.1, based on the size of first 

maturity for male crabs. Guideline harvest levels are estimated annually for tier 3 stocks, therefore the fishing mortality rate is 

established prior to a fishery. 

Alaska Scallops - Overfishing is defined as landings that exceed the optimum yield (OY) specified for the scallop fishery. The 

long-term OY for the scallop resource in Federal waters off Alaska (all species) is specified as a numerical range. In the absence of 

biomass estimates needed to implement an exploitation rate harvest strategy, the OY is specified as the long-term productivity. The 

OY range is zero to 1.8 million lbs (814 mt) of shucked scallop meats, and is derived from historical catches from State and Federal 

waters off Alaska. The low end of the range is the lowest catch on record (zero pounds in 1978). The high end of the OY 

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approximates the highest catch taken from the waters off Alaska since the “fishing up” period (1.8 million pounds in 1993). While the 

FMP covers harvests of all scallop species appearing in Alaska, only weathervane scallops Patinopecten caurinus have been harvested 

commercially in Federal waters off Alaska since the emergence of the fishery in the late 1960s. 

Atlantic Swordfish 

*Swordfish (North Atlantic) - The relative level of fishing mortality F1995/Fmsy = 2.05. The relative biomass level B1996 /BMSY = 

0.58. 

Atlantic Billfishes 

*Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) - The relative level of fishing mortality F1995/FMSY = 2.87. The relative biomass level B1996/BMSY = 

0.236 

*White Marlin (North Atlantic) - The relative level of fishing mortality F1995/FMSY = 1.96. The relative biomass level B1996/BMSY 

= 0.226 

*Sailfish (West Atlantic) - The relative levels of fishing mortality F91/95/Fmsy = 1.4 and 1.3, respectively, while the biomass levels 

B92/96/Bmsy = 0.62 and 0.88. 

Spearfish (West Atlantic) - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP 

* These determinations of overfishing are not contained in the FMP. They can be found in the 1997 Report of the Standing 

Committee on Research and Statistics. 

Atlantic Sharks 

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Sandbar Shark, Blacktip Shark, Dusky Shark, Spinner Shark, Silky Shark, Bull Shark, Bignose Shark, Narrowtooth 

Shark, Galapagos Shark, Night Shark, Caribbean Reef Shark, Tiger Shark, Lemon Shark, Sand Tiger Shark, Bigeye Sand 

Tiger Shark, Nurse Shark, Scalloped Hammerhead Shark, Great Hammerhead Shark, Smooth Hammerhead Shark, 

Whale Shark, Basking Shark, White Shark, Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Caribbean Sharpnose Shark, Finetooth Shark, 

Blacknose Shark, Smalltail Shark, Bonnethead Shark, Atlantic Angel Shark, Shortfin Mako Shark, Longfin Mako Shark, 

Porbeagle Shark, Thresher Shark, Bigeye Thresher Shark, Blue Shark, Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Sevengill Shark, Sixgill 

Shark, Bigeye Sixgill Shark -

1. When a stock size is at a level that is determined, based on the best scientific information available, to be sufficient to produce MSY on 

a continuing basis, overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate (F) that exceeds the fishing mortality rate that would produce MSY 

on a continuing basis (FMSY). 

2. When the stock size is below the level that is determined, based on the best scientific information available, to be sufficient to produce 

MSY on a continuing basis, overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate that exceeds the rate that is consistent with a rebuilding 

program established under the FMP. 

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Appendix 2. Overfishing Definitions for Species not Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans 

Pacific Halibut - A rate of fishing that exceeds the constant exploitation yield. The constant exploitation yield is computed using a 

harvest rate of 0.20 of the exploitable biomass (8-year+ Pacific halibut). 

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Appendix 3. Overfishing Definitions from Fishery Management Plans Under Development 

See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix. 

Atlantic Herring 

Atlantic Herring - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP. This definition is 

contained in the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission’s Atlantic Herring FMP. There is currently no Federal FMP for 

Atlantic herring. 

Monkfish 

Monkfish - Monkfish in the northern and southern management areas are defined as being overfished when the 3-year moving average 

autumn survey weight per tow falls below the 33rd percentile of the time series for 1963-1994, or when the 3-year moving average 

autumn survey weight per tow falls below the median of the 3-year moving average during the period 1965-1981 and when fishing 

mortality is between Ftarget and Fthreshold. This definition has been adopted by the New England Fishery Management Council and has 

been certified by the National Marine Fisheries Service as an acceptable overfishing definition. There is currently no Federal FMP for 

monkfish. 

Highly Migratory Species 

*Bigeye Tuna - Bigeye tuna are currently being exploited at a rate of fishing mortality (F1996) equal to 1.5 -2.2 times the level of F at 

maximum sustainable yield (Fmsy). The yield in 1996 was over 107 thousand mt, although replacement yield was estimated at 60 to 80 

thousand mt. The biomass (B) of bigeye tuna is at 0.6-0.8 the level of biomass that would support MSY (Bmsy). 

Spiny Dogfish 

Spiny Dogfish - The spiny dogfish stock is determined to be overfished when the mature female biomass (SSB) falls below _ SSBmax 

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(where SSBmax is the spawning stock biomass calculated to produce maximum recruitment based upon the Ricker S/R function), or 

overfishing of spiny dogfish is occurring when the fishing mortality rate (F) exceeds a rate that would produce an average of 1.0 

pups-per-recruit. 

*This determination of overfishing is not contained in the FMP under development. It can be found in the 1997 Report of the 

Standing Committee on Research and Statistics. 

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Appendix 4. Six Tiers comprising the Overfishing Definition for Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea/Aleutian 

Islands Groundfish 

See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix. 

1) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B and BMSY and reliable pdf of FMSY. 

1a) Stock status: B/BMSY > 1 

FOFL= &A, the arithmetic mean of the pdf 

FABC œ &H, the harmonic mean of the pdf 

1b) Stock status: < B/BMSY œ 1 

FOFL = &A x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - ) 

FABC œ &H x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - ) 

1c) Stock status: B/BMSY œ 

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

2) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, BMSY, FMSY, F30%, and F40%. 

2a) Stock status: B/BMSY > 1 

FOFL = FMSY x (F30% / F40%) 

FABC œ FMSY 

2b) Stock status: < B/BMSY œ 1 

FOFL = FMSY x (F30% / F40%) x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - ) 

FABC œ FMSY x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - ) 

2c) Stock status: B/BMSY œ 

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

3) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, B40%, F30%, and F40%. 

3a) Stock status: B/B40% > 1 

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FOFL = F30% 

FABC œ F40% 

3b) Stock status: a < B/B40% œ 1 

FOFL = F30% x (B/B40% - ) / (1 - ) 

FABC œ F40% x (B/B40% - ) / (1 - ) 

3c) Stock status: B/B40% œ 

FOFL = 0 

FABC = 0 

4) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, F30%, and F40%. 

FOFL = F30% 

FABC œ F40% 

5) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B and natural mortality rate M. 

FOFL = M 

FABC œ 0.75 x M 

6) Information available: Reliable catch history from 1978 through 1995. 

OFL = the average catch from 1978 through 1995, unless an alternative value is established by the SSC on the basis of 

the best available scientific information. 

ABC œ 0.75 x OFL 

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Appendix 5. Acronyms used in Appendices 

 - The threshold stock size .05. 

ABC - Allowable Biological Catch - A term that refers to the range of allowable catch for a species or species group. It is set each year 

by a scientific group. The ABC estimates are used to set the annual total allowable catch (TAC). 

ASMFC - Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission - Serves as a deliberative body of the Atlantic coastal states, coordinating the 

conservation and management of nearshore fishery resources, including marine, shell, and anadromous species. 

B - The weight (biomass) of a group of fish. 

BMSY - The weight (biomass) of a group of fish necessary to produce MSY. 

CFMC - Caribbean Fishery Management Council. 

CPUE - Catch Per Unit of Effort - The number of fish caught by an amount of effort. Typically, effort is a combination of gear type, 

gear size, and length of time gear is used. Catch per unit of effort is often used as a measurement of relative abundance. 

EEZ - Exclusive Economic Zone - All waters from the seaward boundary of coastal states out to 200 nautical miles. 

EPR - Eggs-Per-Recruit - The average number of eggs produced by an individual fish that has been recruited, i.e., that moved into a 

certain class, such as the spawning class or fishing-size class. Used as an index of abundance. 

F - Fishing Mortality Rate - A measurement of the rate of removal of fish from a population by fishing. Fishing mortality rate can be 

reported as either annual or instantaneous. Annual mortality is the percentage of fish dying in one year. Instantaneous mortality is 

that percentage of fish dying at any one point in time. 

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FABC - The level of fishing mortality that results in the allowable biological catch. 

FMAX - The level of fishing mortality that results in the greatest yield from the fishery. 

FMSY - The level of fishing mortality that results in the maximum sustainable yield. 

FOF - The level of fishing mortality defined as overfishing. 

FOFL - The level of fishing mortality associated with the average catch from 1978 through 1995 for Gulf of Alaska Groundfish and 

Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish. 

F20% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 20% of the maximum. 

F25% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 25% of the maximum. 

F30% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 30% of the maximum. 

F40% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning potential ratio of 40% of the maximum. 

F0.1 - The point on the spawning per recruit curve at which the level of spawning per recruit is 35% of 40% of the maximum. 

FMP - Fishery Management Plan - A plan to achieve specified management goals for a fishery prepared under the authority of the 

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. 

GMFMC - Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. 

GSMFC - Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission - Serves as a deliberative body of the Gulf of Mexico coastal states, coordinating 

the conservation and management of nearshore fishery resources, including marine, shell, and anadromous species. 

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HMS - Highly Migratory Species Division - Develops fishery policies designed to manage any highly migratory species (tuna species, 

marlin, oceanic sharks, sailfishes, and swordfish) fishery that is within the geographical authority of more than one Council. 

MAFMC - Middle-Atlantic Fishery Management Council. 

MSP - Maximum Spawning Potential - See SPR. 

MSY - Maximum Sustainable Yield - The largest long-term average catch or yield that can be taken from a stock or stock complex

under prevailing ecological and environmental conditions.

NEFMC - New England Fishery Management Council.

NPFMC - North Pacific Fishery Management Council. 

OY - Optimum Yield - The amount of fish that: (1) will provide the greatest overall benefit to the Nation, particularly with respect to 

food production and recreational opportunities, and taking into account the protection of marine ecosystems; (2) is prescribed on the 

basis of the MSY from the fishery, as reduced by any relevant economic, social, or ecological factors; (3) in the case of an overfished 

fishery, provides for rebuilding to a level consistent with producing the MSY in such fishery. 

pdf - Probability Density Function - A description of the probability that a variable takes a specified value. 

PFMC - Pacific Fishery Management Council. 

SAFE - Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation - A document or set of documents that provides Councils with a summary of the 

most recent biological condition of species in the fishery management unit, and the social and economic condition of the recreational 

and commercial fishing interests and the fish processing industries. It summarizes, on a periodic basis, the best available scientific 

information concerning the past, present, and possible future condition of the stocks and fisheries being managed under Federal 

regulation. 

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SAFMC - South Atlantic Fishery Management Council. 

SPR - Spawning Potential Ratio - The number of eggs that could be produced by an average recruit in a fished stock, divided by the 

number of eggs that could be produced by an average recruit in an unfished stock. SPR can also be expressed as the spawning stock 

biomass per recruit (SSBR) of a fished stock divided by the SSBR of the stock before it was fished. 

SSB - Spawning Stock Biomass - The total weight of the fish in a stock that are old enough to spawn. 

SSBR - Spawning Stock Biomass Per Recruit - The spawning stock biomass divided by the number of recruits to the stock, or how 

much spawning biomass an average recruit would be expected to produce. 

SSC - Scientific and Statistical Advisory Committee - A group of scientific and technical people giving advice to a council. 

WPFMC - Western Pacific Fishery Management Council. 

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