-

# .



# Appendix 

# 10 Spread Sheet Showing Cost Per Ton ofVOM Removed

# Appendix 10 . Spreadsheets Showing Cost Per Ton ofVOMRemoved

•••



# • Spreadsheets Show Estimated Cost Comparison. Between·Two Types -ofControls Based o'n Actual Bids From Equipment Suppliers,Cost Spreadsheet for the Rotary Concentrator with Oxidizer

Cost spreadsheet for the rotarY concentrator - based on the Durr Quote UsinQ 654,000 cfm and 85% control efficiency PARAMETER INPUT CALC. Flowrate 1cfm) 654,000 654,000 Control deviCe input mass (tonslvear) 1 200 200 Concentration (ppm) 13 Facilitv operatinq schedule Ihourslvear) 3000 Thermal oxidizer temperature (F) 1450 Fuei cost, ($Imillion BTU) , ' 3,5
, Electricitv cosl, ($Ikwhr) 0,05

cosTCALCULA TIONS Heal recovery (%) 60 Electrical power (kW)
" 467 Fuel usage (Btulhr) 37,565,699 Equipment cost (EC), (Durr 2001 quote) 2 9,210,500 Equipment Cost IECl, ICE equip, cost index, Julv 1995 doliar 9,189,035 Total Direct Cost (TDC), ($) 15,844,095 Total Capital Investment (TCIl, ($) 19,262,416 Direct ooeratino costs, minus utilities ($rvear) 563,622 Thermai incinerators fuei cost 1$lvearl 394,440 , Electrical cost ($Ivear) 108,491 Overhead, properly tax, insurance, administration I$""'ear\ ' 1,108,670 Capital recovery cost ($iYear 2,806,341 Styrene recovery cost ($Iyear) 0 Totai annualized cost ($Iyear 4,981,564 Cost per unil poliutanl removed ($/ton) J 29,303 Scaled to Year 2000 Doliars 38,973**~_~JI** YOM**_~~J~.~ionsJ!:1J!.!~J?!an!i!i~~_~.~Ug_J_~~**__**C:9nt.~~L~_~_~i~~.:** __**~_** "_.

___.______________.._______"

___, __________... 

### --- ..__...._.- . ? Vnh 10 bused 011 bids received by AEA from equipment suppliers adjusted proporllollClfely 10 ClccQunl for capllal cosl of treating an airflow of**~54,OOO_~f!:fl** 3 Value based on 85% control errlclencv 

### I

### -- Cost Spreadsheet for the Rotary Concentrator with Oxidizer

Cost spreadsheet for the rotary concenlralor
- based on the MegTecQuote UsinQ 654,000 cfm and 85% control efficiencv PARAMETER INPUT CALC. Flowrate (cfm)· 654,000 654,000 Conlrol device input mass (tons/year) 1 Concentration (ppm) FacililY.operatinQ schedule (hours!Year) Thermal oxidizer temperature (F) Fuel cost, ($/million BTU) Electricity cost, ($/kwhr) 200 3000 1450 '3.5 0.05 200 13,
.

COSTCALCULA T/ONS Heat recovery (%) Electrical power (kWl Fuel usaoe (Btu/hrl 60 467,· 37,565,699

. 'Eauipmenl cost (EC), (MegTec Systems, 2001 quote) 2

_ _ 1 7,761,890

Eauipm"iifCost (EC); (CE equip. cost index, July 1995**dolla~** 7,743,801

- I···

--- Tolal Direcl Cost (TDC)J!)**~89,5301** 

### I I 1 I I**~~lal_Cnrllal.lnve~lrTlBnl** (Tel),.($L

. ._.. __.. __ .. 1
... 16,470,224,.**Dli·oc,:I_OIJOn)ilnu-"Go~ISI._i-l_ilnlls_llillli'lo~_:($lyo~ lr).**  .' .,-...,- . 

## I**_~)fj:\,G22** .- .

## ~\~:;:~~~~~1r-f$)3~~!tol**.c.~sJ_ ($lY.oa~)**  --'---'

## -~.-~-- --_.._-- .-

## --"~5ri:~~~ 1·--

---

## --.----.~ ---1-- --- ... '.-

..... I
-- . ---·1 

### -._··,·----'1··--------I-e
..-..

## -'--+-_
..- Overhead, properly tax, iiisurance, administration (s/year) 1 996,982,. Capital recovery cost I$/year) 

### I 2,399,547 slyrene recovery cost ($!yearl I 0 Tolal annualized cost ($/year)

__ . 

### I 4,463.082 Cost per unll pollutant removed ($Iton) 3 Scaled 10 Year 2000 Dollars 26,253 34,917

1 All VOM emissions in the plant are sent to the control device. 2 Value hased on bids received by AEA from equipment suppliers adjusted proportlonalely to account for capital cost of treallng an airflow of 654,000 efm J Value based on 85% control efficiency 

# r----i-Cost Spreadsheet forthe Rotary Concentrator with Oxidizer

Cost spreadsheet for the rotary concentrator - based on the Frees Quote Using 654,000 cfm and 85% control efficiency PARAMETER Flowrate (cfm) Control device input mass (tons/vear) 1 . Concentration (ppm) Facility operatinQschedule (hours/vear) Thermal oxidizer temperature (F) Fuel cost, ($/million BTU) Electricity cost, ($/kwhr)

. INPUT 654,000 200 ·3000

1450

, 3,5 0,05 CALC, 654,000 200

13



### cgSJ:.C2AL,fY.lAT!.(jN,S_,
. • ,_._._.

### -.::.::::.=::=I-=---===I.~_:::==__=I-"------I 1·----·11 Heat reCQvelV (%) . Electrical power (kW) Fuel usaQe (Btu/hr) Equipment cost (EC), (MeQTec Systems, 2001 ouote) 2 Equipment Cost (EC), (CE equip, cost index, July 1995**dolla~1** Total Direct Cost (TDC), ($) Total Capital Investment (TCI), ($) 60 467 37,565,699

8,970,572 8,949,666 15.470,679 18,799,955 Direct operatinq costs, minus utilities ($Tyeaif 1 563,622 Thermal incinerators fuel cost ($/year) , 1 394,440 Eiectrlcal cost ($/year) ,**1,_~1",0",8,,,,49~1,+'---_e---_~----** -----1-------1 Overhead, property tax, insurance, administration ($/year) 1,090,171 

### 1 1 I 1 

### I Capital recovery cost ($/year) 1 2,738,965 Styrene recovery cost ($/vear) I 0 Total annualized cost ($lYear)

. 

### I 4,895,690 Cost per unit pollutant removed ($/ton) 3 Scaled to Year 2000 Dollars

1 All YOM emissions in the plant are sent 10 the control device. 28,798 38,302

2 Value based on bids received by AEA from equipment suppliers adjusted proportionately to account for capital cost of treating an airtlow of 654,000 cfm, This quote didn't include price'of installation and freight an additional cost of $500,000 was applied to account for these items, based on the average from other vendors. 3 Value based on 85% control "efficiencyCost Spreadsheet for Biofiltration Process

A B C 0 E F G 'I Cost spreadsheet for biofiltration processes - based on the BioRem quote l Using 654,000 elm and 85% control efficiency J 4 PARAMETER INPUT CALC, 0 Flowrate (cfm) 654,000 654,000 6 Control device input mass (tons/year) 1 200 200 I Concenlr.alion (ppm) 13 Facility operating schedule (hours/year) 3000 l; Electricity cost, ($/kwhr) 0,05 IV

1 COSTCALCULATlONS 1<: 1;j '14 Electrical power (kW) 1,786 '10 16 Equipment cost (EC), (Blorem) 2 9,850,000 

### . I I Equipment Cost (EC), (CE equip, cost index, July 1995 dollars) 9,935,874 'ttl Total Direct Cost (TOC), ($) 17,009,164**l~** Total Capilallnvestment (TCi), ($) 20,705,309 LV LI Direct operating costs, minus utilities ($/year) 1,049,932 ;,:;,: Electrical cost ($Iyear) 267,888 l::l Overhead, property tax, insurance, administrallon ($/year) 1,458,172 Capilal recovery cost ($Iyear) 3,016,556 Tolal annualized cost ($Iyear) 5,792,548

. <:0 II Cost per unit pollutant removed (:ti/ton) 34,074 Scaied to Year 2000 Dollars 45,318

. 30 1 All VOM emissions in the piant are sent to the controi**d~vice,** 31 2 Vaiue based on bids received by AEA from**equipme~t** suppiiers**adj~sted** proportionately to account for capital cost of treating an airflow of 654,000 cfm 32 3 Value based on 85% control efficiencyCost Spreadsheet for Biafiltralian Process

A B C 

## o E F G 1 L 3 Cost spreadsheet for biofiltration processe.s - based on the BacTee quote Using 654,000 cfm and 85% control efficiency 4 PARAMETER INPUT CALC. b Flowrate (elm) 654,000 654,000 6 / tl !J I 1U Control device input mass (tons/year) 1 ConcentraUon (ppm) Facility operating schedule (hours/year) ElectriCity cost, ($lkl'ihrj 200 3000 0.05 200 13

lTI COSTCACCU[J(T10NS

1L Jj 14 IEleclrlcal power (kW) 1,71J6 --I

# 1-1~ 1;;;\UIPllIul\t cogl

# (EC)~(i;,;;:r;;~;;;_ I 14,31J1J,0001 1 I 1 1 Equipment Cosl (EC). (CE equip. cosllndex, July 1995 dollars) 14,513,437 18 ITolal Direct Cost(TDC), ($) 1 24,150,162 19 IToial Capilallnvestmenl (TCI), ($) 1 29,549,161 120 ILllDlrecfoperalingcosis: minus utilities ($/year) 

### I 1,049,932 I22lEleclrical cosl ($/year) 1 267,888**Z~** IOverhead, 

### propertylax;-rn-surancB,-administrationlS/Yeiirj I 1,811,926 

# I**~~** 

# I C



## aP i18ireooVery

### -cOSf($7Year) 

# I 4,305,017 1 

### -I I 1 1 Tolal annualized cost ($Iyear) 7,434,763 126 I

### ~CosIPerunitPoliulantremOVed($/ton)' 

# I**43,73~1** 

# I I I I I**1-29i~.~aledJ.o Ye~L3.9.9-o.P--,,!I.f!~~**  

## ._**58~166** __ .

30 I' All VOM emissions in the pl"nJ "rA sAnt to the control device. 1 1 1 31 

### I' Value based on bids received by AEA from equipmenl suppliers adjusted proportionately to account fdr capital cosl of trealing an airflow of 654,000 cfm 32 

### I' Value based on-85% control efficiency

# Appendix 11 Proposal from BioRem Technologies, 

# Inc.

# Appendix 12 Proposal from BacTee Systems, Inc.I I I 

# Proposalfrom 

# BacTee Systems, Inc.v,J'
..... '
.......... ,.vv •• --... "_ 'v
.... "v v ...**~.** I 

# BacTee Systems, Inc.**~30** 

## South 48th Street 

## Grandl!:0rks, North Dakota 58201 'Phone: 701.775.8775 

## Fax: 701.775.8117 . I


### FAX COVER LETTER



### I 

# I

# TO:~A./**5'~** ....N

## ...r DATE:

# ~!?;,--,/,----/_/~~_O....:../ __ COMPANY: 

# .4!?\{.**~v:eat"mfL'N'1'¥JL** PHONE: t-3C,-'7/C, -f.{lJH)


# i**PAGES:_~** 

### _ (INCLUDlNGCOVE1l.I..E:'n'ER.)



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### CONFIDEN1'IALITY STA1'E¥£'NT: 

### Tbeinformatirm containedin thisfacsimile message is confide1/Ji4JandiliuRdetJ

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## I . i

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• 

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# BacTeeSystems,Inc,

May 11,1001 

### Mr, John Gibbons Advance Environmental Associates, Ltd. 300 S: Second Streel ,51. Charles, MO 6330 I Phone 701.775.8775 Fax 701.775.8117 830 Soul!> 48th St., PO Box 5192. Gruncl Forb NO 58206-5192

Dear Mr. Gibbons: BaeTee Systems 

### is pleased to submit a Concept Proposal relative to 

### a biotihcr application for your boat manufacturing facility. We have outlined systems (hat correspond to you request for sizes ranging from 50,000

- 300,000 efm ofventilation air from the pianl Given' the presence of methyl methacrylate, we strongly recommend thaI a pilot, demonstration test be conducted ofside stream air prior to completing urinal design for the facility. BacTee would welcome the opportunity 10 work 

### with you in conducting such 

### a test. 1would recommend that 

### wc discuss this further upon your review ofOurproposal.



### Don Mathsen, PE Chief.Engineer 

# I 

# I ) Sincerely / .-7

# -pt/~

# BacTeeSystems,Inc, Phone 70/.775.8775 Fax 701.775.8117 &30 South 48rh Sr.. PO Box 5192, Grand Fork, NO 58206-5192


## ConceptProposal

, 

## vac Control 'System - Boat Manufacturing Facility

Submitted to: Mr. John Gibbons Advance Environmental Associates 300 South Second Street

Sl Charles, MO 63301 636·916-4800 (p) 636-916-3717 (f)

Submitted by:
Mr. Don Mathsen. PE

. BacTee Systems, Inc. 830 S. 48th. Sl Grand Forks, ND 58201 Phone: (701 )775.8775 Fax: (701) 775-8117

Date: May 11,2001

# Il I, 1 

# II
I,
, 

# Il 

# ( I

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## , . 

# r 

# l Ii 

# I I',. 

# li I Scoping Proposal for Biofilter • vac Control AppHcocion
.

. BoatM.rrofBcturingFaolity

May It, 200l 

## Table of Contents

1. SUMMARY 

### 2. INTRODUCTION 

### 3. SITE CHARACTERIZATION 4. TECHNICAL. PROPOSAL. 

### 5. PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF OPERATING COSTS 6. SeOPING COSTS FOR INITIAL.INSTALl-ATION 

### 7. PROJECT TIMETABLE 3 

### 3 3 

### 4 7 7 

# aScupiug PlUpm,l!.IC'OI UiUlil{CI - VOC CU!ltlul Appli.l"lltlUIl Boal Manufacturing Facility M.y II. 2001 

### 1. Summary RaeTer: SySiems, Inc.**(Au~T""1** munuiaelur"s lj hilllilia od"r or V()C diminlllilln .'y"lem Ihal is Ihe most complt:te, mhll,t, anti env;ronmenlJill)' compalibk solulion 10**II1~** control ofodors and VOC's in the· biofiltrntion industry. Over the life of**th~** sys\em, thl'**f3a~T ~c**  approach 10 hillliitralilln typically yield$ Ihr: lowest ownero;hip cosL' 01" any availahk odor orVOC ,",lnlrol straleb')'. 'I"he low operating cost**ol"th~ llacT(.~·biotilter**  (csul\s hom I}**th~** low ,Illlic head ol"lh" aeral;"n and substrate systcm, 2) the long life ofthe well-crginccrctl RatTc"**~qllipmcnl.** and**~)** Ihe low icv<:f of w""r<llorull<:nlion required by Ihe BacTee syslcm.
. I3aeTce**On~(S** a stand-alune system thai requircs the lowesl**spac~** r"'iu1r"n1enl "ithin Ihe hiofilier indll>try. BacTee works c1l1sely wilh**~nginL'ering** firms. such as Ach;Jlleo'. 10 pnl\ ide a biofiller odor and VOC eunlrol system wilh oplimal syslcm porfommn"" 

### 2. Introduction l3iofilters were iniually de,'eloped for the odur control**mar,ctr!a~"** and h;"e pr(""n Ihen1,d"e, 10 be Ihe**mo~t c()sl-efr~Cliv~.**  environmenlally henign means of ('dor o( V()C control. for numerous industrial, agricultural**proc~ssing,** and municipal waste trealment applicatiolls. Morc recently.**biofilt~rs** designed by l3acTcc personnel havc dcmonslrated thaI hillfillralioll isu sound solulit>1l for air**slr~ams** wilh bOlh h,W odor Cllnl;lminanl roncenlr;lIion, I:?-](I ppm II:?S) lwd Inoocrate to high concentrdtion level> (100.300 ppm II:?S).
.**Th~** 13acTee lJioJilter technology ciln addrcss a varicty 

### lII" VOCcOlllrol**appli~uliollS** .Rased on an analysis of the wa;;tc stream, BacTee will determine if a hiofilter ;, eilher 1) an appropriate kchnt>lob'Y for the giv<:11 applicalioll, 2) reqllires a pilot tl'St I1n'gram prim \ll final siLing and selection, or 3) thL' compounds or conccntrations in the air**~\ream** do nol \cnd**lhemselv~,** ttl hiofiltralion. l3aeTee providcs hio!iltcr s)'stclns [hat incorporate the lalesl in aeculion**~nd** c"lnlrol lethnology ft>r

### compl~lely au16malu;

### op~rali(lIl as well as aeralitln noors Ihal minimi,e dovmlime when the

### stlb~trate media must be replaced. Professionals design OacTec unils fll(cachapplicatilln ,,,ith the ea[lacil} and control ofthe**.~ystem** tailored to the source ofemissions and Ih" level "fmonilOring r"ljuir"d. 

### 3. Site Characterization This Scoping Proposal is b1l,ed on Ihe conditions shown in Iahle /. rlle'e enndillon, arc bused on the data provided \0 l3acTce as a reference point for Ihe ·si.l.es alld huLlgetary CllSi figures illcluded herein. Actual conditinns fllr lhe sit< that Jill"r I"rnm Illese 1ISSUmpli(;n, may ;l1I<;r Ihe 

### si/e and cosl for this set of conditions. BacTee weleoID"S the opportunity to providl' a mor"d<:tailed proposal based on actual**sit~** Cllnditions as derived f"lIri either on-sik kSling or a nlllre Jdaikd ana'I)',i, or the efflUent air stream Th<: biodegradation levcl or ,tyrene makes It well sUlIl:d .for letrlU\a! or hiolihlilllon: Likewi5c, melhyl

### melhaerylal~ 

### is biodegr;dahlc hutto a lesser

### exl~nl Ihan slyrene

### Th~ presence oflhe mdhy! methacrylate with the ,tyrene points 10 the need for ;I pi.lnl te,1 program III bc conducted on a slipstream ofthc cmucnt air prior 10 final sizing ol"the systcm.

.'

# I,

I 

# l

. I Voj"'..I;.L,VoL
.......... VV j.n..>. T
... IV'" "oj V.L.L' Scoping Proposal fur Bioftlter

- VOC Comrol Application BoatMaJnJfumring FBCllity May 11, 2001 Table 1: Site Desien Parameter.!: Parameters 

## o >erating Conditions GelcoatOo Lamination 00 Units Isite Air Flow 120,000 180,000 sefm

. EstimatedTemp Range 65-15 65-75 of

Estimated Influent 30-50 30-50 % Humiditv Ranae Peak InfluenlConc.
. 125 126 LbIhr ITotaI Clroat1ie l.os<1)**Mjnj~~r':'t** Cone. 40 24 I.hlhr 

## rrot>I 0< l.t>o !Organics Present
. . Styrene & Styrene Only Methyl MethacrvlaJc 

### 4. Technica.1 

### Proposal

.4.1, Introduction

BacTee is pleased to offer Advance a biological approach to VOC control for their client's boat manufacturing facility. This propmal provides lin engineering and bndgetary estimate only and 

### is subject to further evaluatioll of the site,integration with' existiogfacilities aod services located on site, and the re3ultli ofa recommended pilot test program. 4.1.1. Application

- GQal To remove the organic load containing styrene and methyl methacrylate and other compounds associated withthe fabrication offiberglass bOatproduction from the ventilation air. The objectiveis areduction ofthe,e loads in the range of85-95% ofthe raw**wa,~te** air stream. 4.1.2. BacTee Biofllter Design Philosophy. 

### Atypical BaeTee liiofilLer unit for VOCand Odor Control is shoWn in Figure\. The bacteria living on the organic host material. or biosubstrate, digest the VOCs and/or odor. BacTee provides the substrate media derived from materials available locally at the site of the installation. The final products ofbiodigestion are carbon dioxide and water alOIlg with material suitable for disposal as a soil conditioner. The

### key elements to a successfully operating biofilter are:

• The proper mi.x of substrate materials assuring long life ofthe biological media while nurturing a high level ofbacterial metabolic activity.
. • A uniform distnbution of air through the substrate while maintaining a low pressure**~~.** . • A cOntrol system that integrates the response ofthe biofilter with the operation ofthe emission source. Likewise, the control system must anticipate and control me response of

### the substrate mediabased on theincoming emissioncharacterislics.I . "'oj,
........, oj
.... ....n.....>.. 'c
... , ....... "
... oj
........ , Seoping Propos31 for Biofilter

-

## vac Conlrol Application Boa:rManof!cllJring Facility May II, 2001**M~nu.al** nampa10.11 mu1r..iple bay units)

W

211."f Drain Line Conditiol'loe;r PolableJf'lant

# w""""**--+:'-..l.--f-"---~-'** Satllbl'y l..aM ...... . - '.1:' •••• ' >••••• MaloAirPlenumTreoch • Op<ional Sprinkler !lV'''''''

Bemnnin.ofBiofiher



### .

. I.

I .
, Figure 1: Typical BaeTee Biofilter System and PrindpalComponenLI The typical BacTee system consists ofthe following components or subsystems: • A**blow~rthst** provides the negative pressure for the collection system and drives the air through the beds ofbiomass."

• The biosubstrate'lilter' media that serves as host material for the active bacteria; this material iSseleeted from locally available waste organic materials with an active lifetime ofnominally two to five years. . .



### • BacTee's aeration floor system that provides, with negligible pressure drop, uniform distribution ofair throughout thc biosubstralc bed and also controls water from excessive rainfall. With BacTee'saeration floor. the mediasubstrate can be easily replaced without interrupting the operation ofthe biofilter. • A conditioner that conlrols the temperature and the humiditY level oflhe air enteringthe biosubstrate 

### bed.
.The module contains all pumps, plumbing, and sensors necessary for properconditioning ofthe 

### airstream.
. 

## • Acomplele 

## lie system, including power . switchgear, process. controller, and instnnnentation hardware. Systems integration services are provided, as required, based on a scope ofwork determined upon initiation ofthe project.

5

# ,

# I~ 

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# I'

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## ( 

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# ,**!'~** "

# ,. ·l I . I' 

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# J I .scoping Proposal for Biofiher

- 

### vacControl Application Boat ManufacnlTing Faality May IL 2001

Gll!eJt lhat BacTa Is worklngfrom only**pr~l/mlnary** Information relative to actual site descriptions, BacTu will**~.lire** the bctegratiotfof theproposed UryOUIS withfurl}, a daailedsiteplan.< in an actualapplicatlofL 

### 5. Preliminary Estimate ofOperating Costs ,BacTee proposes a biofI1ter system that wi1l:on a 16-hr/day, 160 daylyr operating basis, have an eneri<.Y requirement attributable to the biofilter portion of the hiullller odor control system as per Table2. Table 2: Operatiooal Requirements:

Air Flow projectltd Operational Requirements cfm Annua' Eledrical**~nnual** Gas Consumption Operator Attention**Su~te** Replacement Energy (101 MEltu/yr)

. (kWh/y) 50,000 150,000
. Requires Specific Site Info 2 hr/wI< every 2 - 3 yes (typical) and**P~ot** Studv 100,000 300.000
. 

# . 2 hrfwk. eve"! 2

_ 3 yes**(typica~** 200,000 600.000 

# . 2 hrlwk every 2

- 3 yes (typical) 300.000 900.000 

# . 2 hrlwe eve"! 2·3 yea", (typlcsl) The BatTee biofilter requiresminimal operatingattentiolL A check on performance patameters and a visual inspection ofthe facility once a week. is adequatcin most**ca,e~.** BacTee can provide a maintenance service agreement on an annual, or multi-year, basis as per the needs ofthe OWNER
.

.BacTee's biosubstrate media 

### his experienced lifetimes ofup to six years. A three-year replacement cycle can 

### be used for estimating purposes. BacTee can

### pr~vidt: a more detailed O&M projection

.upon further discussion with· Advance on the specific operating criteria and specification of

## the

system; '. 

### 6. Seoping Costs for InitiallnstalJation BacTee will work with Advance to provide lhecombination ofservices and hardware that offers the most fully-integrated package within thebudgetaJ)' and emuent management rcquircmeng ofa given project specification. BacTee's seoping budget es(imale (+/-20%) lor (hese bioliller units are shown in Table 

### 1. Thebudget estimate includes the following' 

### 1. Blower

- Conditioner Module Airblower with VFD-drive Conditioner·unit Recycle pump 2. Ductwork from the transition to the conditibncr inlel to the inle! llrthe main airplenumtrench. 3. Aeration floor components 4. BiofiltCT media (substrate) 5. Auxiliary heatingpackage 7**~~~--~ ~.~.---.** 



### a e : Ite (O(lUlremen13 Site Alr Row 

### - JOO,OOO 200,000 100.000 50,000 ,. Cf,n Design Alr Flow 330,000 liO,oOO 110.000 55,000 Cfin Max. H",at Capacity' 45.000,000 30,000,000 15,OllO,OOO 7,500,000
. BruJh Max. Water Required 72 48 24 12 Gpm Electrical S"",ice , 750 500 250 125 KW Requirerrierlt , NO. of Bay Units

- 36 24 12 6

, Bay Unit Size

- '18,00 180O 1800 1800 FI2



### - iotal Say hea 

### 6-4.600 43,000 '11,600, 10,800
. Fl2 I Heatine capacity from 

### .:boiJer or other,au,,-!liary belt source will likely be needed to achieve the 

### b.i!ltdtJevd ofVOC mort! JlOi!ible willi the biofilter. The values inlltis table are projecied to be inuimom amounts; under the coldenwinterconditions. A pilollt&twill provide mort dctailed data ,00 the input he.altbalmay be required to meet tbe periormJLnct requirements. The source for any au:rlliaIy healing would be determined froaithe aetual slterequiremenlS and tlle availability of exilting energy 10Ul'C,tS al the site, Figure 2 outlines the general biofilter configuration for a 50,000 cfm biotllter. Additional bays and additional blower conditioner modules can be added in a para1Ie] arrangement 10 accommodate greater airflows. Two bays,each 

### -1800 

### ft2 are located back-In-back surrounded by concrete walls of nominally 9' height. 

### This allows any set oftwo bays to be shul down for maintenance or substratereplacement without disabling lht: operalion or the biufiIler. The remaining bays will do a very substanlialjob ofodorreduction during these periods. • BlowerCondilioocr Modulos Scoping Proposal Ibr Biofiltcr • VOC Conuol Application 

### So.!! Manufacturing Facility MAy II, 2001

• Utility requirements in 

### 480 V AC. 60 llz. 3 phase electrical power or as per customer specification, Based on the Site Design Parameters ofTable .1, the sile requirements and utility suppon services for the three different flow levels

# are sununarized in Table 2,' ' T bl 2 

## S' R I I ' 

# l' i**18~** 50' Fijlure 2: General Arrangement and Footprint for a 50,000 dm bioftlrer. 60'

.ConTrol Buildina Air 1--'------'---'-'---'. -----'-Fran Pl>n,

60' 62'



## ij" : '. 

### l ' 

# , 6B Scoping !'rapasalforBiolilter

- VOC Control**App~catian** BoarManufacturingFacility May 11,2001 6. Complete BacTee auwmaled control system with remote monitoring capability 7. An allowance for general site construction c·osts and 200' ofpiping/ductwork from the plant to the control building of the bioli1ter. This allowance does not account for any special site requirements such as any requirement for pilings., seismic ratings. and other local code requirements. 

### All systems integration work on the system including all system control pands andjunetion boxes. delivered to the site assembled and pre-tested. , 

### T bl 3 

### S· p' f B T B' 'fil



### a 

### e 

### . COPlUjI;**nc~** or lie ee 10 I teTS Site Air Flow Proiect Cost Cost per CFM
.. 50,000 $1.975.000 $39 100,000 $3,115,000
. $31 200000 $5035000 $25 300,000 $6,630,000 $22 

### 7. 

### ProjectTimetable The typical timetable offered by BacTee for installing the above system is providcd·in Table

## 4. Fasttrack projects can be undertaken with**pr~subminal** approval of the Engineer for all long-lead

.components. T bl 4 P . T b

II e : rOlect imeta Ie Ph.a•• Months 1 2 .3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 .12 13 14 I. Pilot Test 

### * * * 2.**T~hnical** Design 

## * * Support 3. Construction & 

### * * * 

## • * 

## • Implementation 4. lnitial Operation 

### • • " "...
.. _ _ v... .,.... . 

# Iii

' .,

# n~ I

# r,

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# I:J I: \ 

# I'

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### i' I. 

# ':1

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\ 

# . 

# i: 1:**II~** 1\**r~** 

# (

I

, 

# I

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## ,

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# i

. , I**~:**



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### I:~ " 

# !. , I 0« 

# I

# ~~**U~/.L~/U.L** J.U:,J,J rA.J,. TI lUI**/I~** O.L.LI

Pages: 1 F<lX= 636-916-3717 rt;"""- - , . 

### - .. 

### ._--

. Addre",,: Phone: 

# BacTee

# §Y§U~lDn§t PO Box 5192 701-775-8775 

# ][He. 830

### s. 48'" SI. Fax: Grand Forks, NO 58201 701-775-8117 To: John Gibbons -Advance Env. From: Don Mathsen 

# A 

# V

.•... Phone. 636-916-4800 Date: 5/15/01 Re: Substrate Replacement


### o Urgent 0 fCll'Review 0 I'\ease Comment 0 Ple",;e Reply 0 As per Your Request

John
- This is in response to your telephone message of Friday aftemoon Telative to substrate replacement costs.
. BacTee would procure the substrate media from the nearest available supplier of organic materials that meets BacTee's specifications. 'Without the benefit of having identified that source atthis time, I can only give you a scoping price based on our priorjobs. Obviously. the distance to the plant from the source of materials will determine freightcosts, which are a significant portion of the substrate cost.
. For scoping purposes, I recommend using the following range ofvalues:

As IlndlGated In our telephone conversation, we have seen substrates last from three to SIX

.years under highly loaded conditions, A key to long life of the substrate is proper

humidification, moisture and temperature control of the air entering the biofilter bays. Please let me know ifyou have any additional questions, .

# _ ...- 

### '1 ·.AirFlow Substrate Volume Low Estimate 

# I High Estimate



# _

... 

### - 50,000 cfm 3,500 cu. yd $70.000 $110.000 100,000 cfm

.7,000 cu. yd $140,000

# $~O~OOO 

# -"1 r.---'-' --- .'--- $280,000 

# I

200,000 cfm

.. 14,000 cu. yd $440,000 

# I - 300,000 cfrn 21,000 cu. yd $420,000 $660.000



### - .. , .. _ ..

### ---



### - ---_._,-----------

## BioDigestorTechnologies, Inc
.

. November 20, 1996

Sverdrup Corp. Attn: 

### Mr. Robert Jorgen 13723 Riverport Drive Maryland Heights, MO 63043

H. Peter Hombach ChiefScientist Roger AnderSen .Don Mathsen cc: Dear Mr. Jorgen: Thank you for your interest in biofilter applications. I am forwarding a technical description of biofilters which currently is in draft form. Please note our "Facts and Rumors" about biofilters which are included with the teclmical description. I also include our :ecentreference list. BDT provides complete systems for municipal and industrial biological. waste management applications in support ofprofessional engineering firms. BDT, together with its German technology team members, have been involved with over 140 biofilter systems worldwide. in more than 10 years of operating experience, and the total air volume treated by. all installations ofour team is 1,300,000 scfm at this time. BDT uses the BioAer Thl aeration· system; a feature available in the US only through BDT. The BioAer Thi system offers the lowest operating and maintenance costs of any biofilter and composting aenitlon method in the world. In addition, BDT designs its systems with bdtLogicThl process control strategy that enables the BioDigestor Thl to be used in high performance applications and high VOC concentration ranges that are not within the capacity of biofilters designed by other companies. Together with BDT's proprietary approach to the selection and adaptation oforganic biosubstrates, the BDT approach to biofiltration opens ne . or 10 trano. Some ofour current VOC or control projects include desigfis proviaed to HDR and MalcolmPimie. An installation by Metropolitan Sewer District Cinco been performing flawlessly and successfully since early 1 . ne our pe ormance European systems operated six years between biosubstrate changes under high temperature conditions with rapidly fluctuating input concentrations at 99%+ odor destruction efficiency. Together with BDT's ongoing operation and maintenanc.e support program whereby we monitor the· operation ofour installations from our home office, the BioDigestor Thl design enables the customer to be assured ofa low-cost, long-life. biofilter in a system that has become the standard ofthe industry in Europe
.. We would welcome the opportunity to work with you on any current or future biofilter application. Sincerely,

# ~~+r~u

BDT·A BiD-Environmental Company P.O. Box 12015
. Grand Forks. North Dakota 58208·2015
. 701.775.8775
. Fax: 701.775.8117

# Iii BioDig"'o, Technologi", Inc



# BIOLOGICAL WASTE AIR PURIFICATION THEORY AND FUNDAMENTALS
Dr. H. Peter Rombach and Don V. Mathsen, P.E.

:Copyright© 

### 1994; 1996 by 

### BioDigestorTechnologies, Inc. The ·information contained in this document is protected by copyright law
.. Reproduction or translation ofany·part ofthis workbeyond that permitied by Sections 107 or 108 ofthe 1976 US Copyright Act without the permission ofthe copyright owner is a violation ofthe law.
. . This handbook may only be used for informational purposes, and is subject to change without notice. It has been prepared to the best ofthe knowledge ofthe authors, however, neither the authors norBDT assume any responsibility or liability for errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this book.
. This handbook may be quoted in the way commonly used iii the scientific and engineering community; in this case, BDT expects to beinformed ofsuch reference
.

. BIOFILTER. REL. 5, April 1996

# Contents

1. General 3 2. Substrate , 3 ·2.1 History : 

### 3 2.2 Biological ConSiderations : 

### 3 

### 2.2.1 Type (Quality) ofMicroflora
..: 1 

### 4 2.2.2 Active Cells (Quantity)**ofMicr~f1ora** 

### : : 4 2.3 Substrate andApplication 

### 6 2.4 Carbon Balance 6 

### 3. Mech'anical Design : 7 3.1 Open or Closed? ; 

### 7 3.2 Components of aBiofilter ; 7 

### 3.3AirDistribution System :.: : :**:.~** 

### 8 

### 3.2.1 Air Volumes, Sizing : 8 3.2.2 Air Temperatures , : : : 8 3.2.3 Ductworkand Manifold 8 3.2.4 Air Flow through Biosubstrate : : : 8 3.3 Conditioner : : 9 

### 3.4 

### Fan 10 3.5Sprinkler
..: : : 10 

### 4. Electrical and Control Design , : 11 4.1 Control Cabinet, Enclosures, and Wiring : II 4.2 VFD II 

### 4.3 Sensors , : I I 

### 4.4Electronic Controls, PLC I I 

### 4.4 Remote

### Mo~itorini : , : : II 

### 5. Engineering : 11 6. Applications: Odor and VOC Control : , 14 6.1 Pollutant : : 

### 14 6.2 Concentration : 

### 14 6.3 Destruction Effect, "Efficiency" : 

### 14 6.4 ConcludingRemarks 

### 15 6.5 BiofilterandBioDigestorTM What is the Difference? : : 

### 15 

### 7. Operation and Maintenance : 16 7.1 OperationalSafety 

### 16 7.2 Compliance·Monitoring : : 

### 16 7.3 Maintenance ; : : : , 16 

### 8. Cost Comparison : 16/-. 

## ,

1. General Biological purification ofwaste gases by means ofaBioDigestorTM canbe used wherea broadrange of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor-intensive airpollutants are released. The decomposition ofthe pollutants is carried out by micro-organisms settled on a solid carrier substance. Compost and

,other natural organic materials are used as carrier substances. Sometimes synthetic materials 'are used as carriers. The substances carrying the mic'ro-organisms are commonly called substrates. The airpollutants in the waste gases get adsorbed onthe sUrface ofthe substrate and are subsequently decomposed by micro-organisms. ' , In terms ofthe general categories ofaerobic vs: anaerobic microbial action, biofilters fall into the category ofaerobic systems; however, ifa biofilter is not properly designed and maintained, it may well switch into anaerobic conditions. Since anaerobic conditions destroy the efficiency ofthe biofilter, this is one ofthe most undesirable situations. The proper design is the best guarantee that anaerobic conditions will not occur.

, Under aerobic ,conditions, incoming VOCs are biologically oxidized 'and about 

### 80% to 

### 90% ofthe

carbon will be found as carbon dioxide. The carbon balance is used within the microbes to enable growth. This biological growth determines the lifetiine ofthe substrate. Overthe lifetime, constantly increasing**effici~ncy** 

### is observed, however, the flow resistance als'o increases over the lifetime.


### 2. Substrate 2,1 History The substrates used by various suppliers show a remarkable variety ofmixtures. Substances such 

## as peat, heather, loam, compost, styrofoam, even activated carbon or zeolite in a mixture with organic material have

### bee~ Used. Historically, the biofilters developed out ofthe German invention of a Bodenfilter (soil filter) about 25 yearsago; this is still the theoretical basis forthe application ofloam. The various biosubstrate materials have distinctly different properties. Table I also lists the BDT substrate which is a speciallyprepared material ofthi: compost type. Amazingly, one can observe atrend inthe USAwhere the 10 

### or20yearold findings in Germany andin the Netherlands are repeated andreported as new, rather than adopting the experience ofcompanies likeBDT. ' 

### 2.2 Biological Considerations For a general understanding ofthe operation ora biofilter, some microbiological understanding is useful. It is important to know that an active biofilter is a rrticrocosm in its own right, containing bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and frequently wows: a complete miniaturized food chain. However, the main responsibility for destroying gaseous pollutants is bornebythe bacteria, and to afesser extent by fungi. The.applicabilityofa substrate for use in a biofilterdepends on the quantity and,'even more, ' the quality ofbacteria andfungi in the substrate. Omitting the biologicaldetails, one can distinguish the microfloramore genericallyby the temperature range where their metabolism operates atan optimum; Table I provides a schematic ofthe optimum ranges ofmetabolic activity. Omittingthe exoticArchaebacteria, the rough classification is in terms of

### psychrophilic (sometimes called cryophilic), mesophilic, and thermophilic bacteria: these terms are derived from theancient Greek words**\jfUXPO~** 

### (psychros) = cold,**KPUO~** 

### (kryos) = ice, «HAOe; 

### (philos).

= 

### friend, >JEcrOV 

### (meson) = 

### middle,**8EP>JO~** 

### (thermos) = 

### hot. One should bear in mind, however, that there is a floating transition between these domains of predominant activity. An 

### advanced control system for biological systems, therefore, musttake into accountthese tloating transitions. Consequently, firm set points are not applicable in the control strategy ofadvanced biofilters.

100 -.;

'. '"

.....; 

## :

. -": .'. ····i. : -'. 

### ...•j.•. . '. :"'. " ;'-'. "-7

_ 

### . -', '--;" . 

### .... :.. , -'**.~.** -.-.-

Figure I: MetabalicAc'tlvity of Micro-organisms 

### 2.2.1 Type (Quality) ofMicroflora From the above basics,one can easily conclude that thermophilic and mesophilic species are to'be preferred because oftheir specific activity, i.e. higherthroughput inbiochemical conversion. However, this strategy obviously cannotbe applied ifone were to simply pass polluted air through some kind of substrate.Under such simple conditions,nocontrofis possible ofthe environmentin which the microorganisms dwell. This is the key reason that any efficient biofilter operation reqwres an electronic control system. One should keep in mind, however,
. that for all practical purposes only aerobic micro-organisms are importa.J:lt for the function of abiofilter. The anaerobic organisms are usually avoided, and become a concern 

### in poorly designed biofilters. In BioDigestorTM systems, mostly thermophilic**~acteria,** 

### withsomecontribution ofmesophilic bacteria, are employedfor VOCcontrol in orderto achieve maximumdestruction efficiencies. In some odorcontrolapplications, mainly psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria are recommended. 2.2.2 Active Cells (Quantity) ofMicroflora In 

### the various substrates, the count ofbiologically active particles in the starting material can vary quite significantly. Numbers can be

# as low as 10' to IDS cfu (colony forming unitS) in loam, peat, or heather. Values as high as 

### 10' cfu are found in some composts or in the BDT substrates; a deviation of one orderofmagnitude is not ofmajor concern. It 

### has been shown empirically that, in addition to the absolute number ofactive material, a broad variety ofspecies is required; the preferred species are of t.he 

### Pseudomonas family. The presence ofmost members ofthe 

### Aspergiilus family is not desirable

### sinc~ they may emit airborne germs from the biofilter, and these 

### Aspergillus germs are considered a health hazard; especially

### A.fumigatiJs and

### A. aure:us. The count ofall airborne germs emitted from a biofilter is about 10,000 ml-', which is about the count in air-conditioned rooms, and one order of magnitude less than in the vicinity ofcattle. Aftergetting the fresh substrate into abiofilter, adecrease in cell count usually occurs while the activity increases. Since the specialists among the microbes survive and proliferate, the decrease in theTaMe J: Properlies ojBiofillerSubstrales 

### substrate

. loam, soil

peat heather compost styrofoam mixtures' BioSubstrates cost low.' low low low high high medium resistance .' high medium low medium low medium low lifetime very long

. long

long short to medium long

. very short'

long to very long efficiency ven; low low low medium medium to high medium' very high max. conc. ·Iow .Iow low medium to high medium high ,very high disposal bio-clegradable bio"degradable bio-degradable mostly bio-degradable not bio-degradable not bio-degradable bio-degradable

I 

### containing additives such as activated curbon, zeolite, or perlite

, inactivity ofcarbon or zeolite after surface or pores are .covered

The column "cost" shows "low" when the material price is determined by freight, i.e. the substrate**~s** 

### such has a typical cost ofless than $30 per ton (all prices plus freight). Aprice level of$30 up to $80 perton is considered medium, and prices above $80 perton are considered high. A flow "resistance" res\llting in a pressure drop across a I mhigh substrate 

## atless than 250 Pa (one inch ofwater) is called "low", between 250 Pa and 500 Pa "medium", and above 500 Pa "high". A "lifetime" ofless than.l year is "short", I to 2 year,s is"medium", more than2 years is "long". The "efficiency" is rated "low" when the biological conversion is less than 20 g/m3

### h, "medium" in the range 20 g/m3

### h to 50 g/mJh, "high" in the range 50 g/mJh to 

### ISO g/m3

### h, and "very high" at conversion rates exceeding 150 g/m3 

### h.
. A "maximum concentration" of 100 ppm is "low", up to 500 ppm ";nedium", up to 1,000 ppm "high", and above 1,000 ppm "very**h~".** 

### .' The column "disposal" is intended as an indication whether the spent substrate may cause additional costs because it may be a hazardous waste.
.

### coull! is not directly related to the performance ofthe biof1lter. These specialists among the microbes need, for their optimum performance, certain humidity and temperature conditions. Most biofilters operate in the ambienttemperature range, and therefore the predominantcategory ofmicrobes is within the mesophilic species. However, BDT operates biofilters at highertemperatures than commonly seen on the market, and consequently the higher efficiency and better performance is attributed to an increased number ofthermophilic species. For a steady operation ofa biofilter; it is ofprime importance thatthe optimum humidity and tempera-

, lure conditions for the biology are met. This has ttirned out to be a challenge for the control systems since the set points are not constant (see below, Controls section).. ' Special experienceis needed to condition the substrate with the right nutrients orto apply the right amount ofbuffercapacity and intrinsic pH value. Most biofilter companies treat this knowledge as proprietary information and so does BDT. '
2.3 Substrate andApplication Depending on the application, BDToffers different substrates. As can be concluded from the discus-

, sion above, the use of"some,kind ofcompost" that may be available is a safe way to failure. BDT has

developed certain standardized substrate mixtilles, generated locally in order to avoid excessive transportation cost. These are cured within the installedbiofilter for between two to four weeks, to achieve' optimum performance. Sometimes, BDT will use inoculati'onprocedures to enhance the growth ofthe desired species. 

### It is important to know that there is no single "magic mixture" since the performance depends largely on the geographical environment, owing to influences by climate and external species that may settle on the substrate. Consequently, BDT has always followed the route of.using locally available material, the selection ofwhich is based on BDT' s vast knowledge ofbiological systems. The general properties described in Table 2 hold for all typesofBDT BioSubstrates. It is noteworthy that biofilter substrates have a particular smell. People usually do not find this smell offending. The smell ofBDT's substrate can best be described as the smell ofdamp woods in the summer. It is a "natural", "biological" smell. This odoris notrelatedto the amount,orchemical nature ofthe incoming VOCs.
Table 2: StandardizedBioSubstrates usedin the BioDigestorTM 

### BioSubstrate BioSubstrate Type I BioSubstrateType 2 Bio,Substrate Type 3 Predominant Biology thermophilic with mesophilic mesophilic with psycbrophilic mesophilic with thermophilic Preferred Application VOC and odorcontrol, soil vapor extraction odorcontrol in WWTP, rendering operations odor control

2.4 

### Carbon Balance Aerobic biological processes such as a biofilter operation are expected to use some carbonTor their own growth, i.e. they are not expected to have a perfect conversion ofincoming carbon into carbon dioxide. 

### In biofilters, this measurementrequires some experiencebecause the time constants for VOC reduction and carbon dioxide release differsignificantly. InBioDigestorTM systems, BDTfinds 85% to 90% ofthe incomingcarbon to be recovered as carbon dioxide with the'gas stream; the balance contributing to biological growth. The measured data are in agreement with literature data for bacterial metabolism.

### 3. Mechanical Design 3.1 Open 

### or Closed? Abiofiltercan mechanically be set up in various ways. The leastexpensive solution is the open flat bed filter. Closed systems are more expensive and special configurations like a stacked system (usually. applied in systems with serious space constraints), a tower configuration, or a roofinstallation are all common. BDT is able and willing to install any optimal system for a given problem. The commonly quoted advantages and disadvantages ofopen vs. closed systems are shown in the table. Within the

. 

# . biofilter vendor community, this question has resuLted in a philosophical dispute with no end in sight. BDT takes apragmatic approach.
. Itturns outthat most ofthese commonly heard claims cannot be substantiated. The question "Open or Closed?" is truly philosophical in nature, however, incertain cases the biofilter is always a closed system. For packing and transport reasons, this is the case with mobile biofilters. Table 

### 3: Advantages andDisadvantages of Openand ClosedDesign

Inexpensive because no housing structure is needed. The air from the biofilter is released at a height where l. ' the dissipation in. the ambient air is easier.' The rain water saves on the wateibill. The external conditions for the biological system can SirJ)ple monitoring ofeven air distribution. easily be controlled.
. No system needed that resembles a stack. Clea.nliness ofbiological system is obvious to all visitors (pR effect).

. Sampling for monitoring is difficult.
. The biosubstrate is subject to weather influences. The treated air coming out oflhe biofilter is released at ground level and can stay there, depending on weather conditions. Higher investment. Monitoring ofaverage values is simple, but monitoring distribution ofvalues is very difficult. Closed system's .are frequently equipped with

## astack (negative PR effect).



### 3.2 Components 

### ofa Biofilter The essential components to abiofilter are the air distribution system
• conditioner



### • fan
• substrate

• sprinkler
• contrQlsystemwith sensors. The mechanical components are discussed in this chapter.

### 3.3 Air Distribution System 3.2.1 Air Volumes, Sizing Biofilters can be designed for virtually any air flow. Very small biofilters are used in soil extraction (flow 1,000 mJ/h or below), while typical biofilters are tn the range of 5,000 to 50,000 m'/h. The largest biofilters built to date are for air flows ofover 250,000 m'fh. 

### It is importantto note that despite the claims ofmost

### biofilte~ vendors no linear relationship exists

..between the flow rate and the size of a biofiller. The quantity and composition ofthe chemical

constituents ofthe waste stream strongly influence the size ofthe biofilter, independentof the gas flow rate. Another misconception is thatthe depth and widthofa filter bed are dependentparameters (i.e. one can compensate for height with the width ofthesubstrate bay). This is notthe case. Sizing ofthe beds requires specific knowledge ofthe interaction**bet~een** 

### the organic waste constituents and the microbial biologies. Consequently, BDT and other vendors typically keep theirmeans ofsizing a biofilter as proprietary knowledge. Neither air volume npr VOC concentnitioiI, alone, determine the sizing ofa biofilter, despite the statements ofthi: VDI (Verein DeutscherIngenieute. 

### Association ofGerman Engineers) repo.rt on biofilters which are commonly used as a quasi-standard. Since there is no linear or otherwise simple relationship between the size ofa biofilter and the air volume, the frequently quoted residencetime in a biofilter is useless in sizing. Experimentally observed dependencies ofVOC destruction, allegedly on residence time, truly rely" on other governing factors that also influence residence time, i.e. the residence time is not an independent variable. 3.2.2 Air Temperatures

" , 

### Incoming gas sfream temperatures have an acceptable range as diverse as the flow rate. The incoming airmay be anywhere from very cool (no limit) up to 300°C ifthe airis dry (i.e. an ambientair source). At 

### high temperatures (over 40°C), the amount ofmoisture included in the waste air stream at that temperature is a !TI0st critical design factor. Becausegaseshave unlimited miscibility, a saturation level for steam is not definable at these high temperatures. BDT will assist the customer iri defining whether a "biofilter 'is afeasible solution in cases where 

### high teo;peratures are associated with high "moisture conterits.

3.2.3 Ductwork and Manifold Obviously, good engineering design practice should be used in sizing the ductwork for a biofilter.
"Often, the layoutofa good air-handling system determines the optimal configuration ofthe biofilter

bays for a given site; therefore, site and ductwork design should go hand-in-hand in the early stages of a project. Likewise, the selection ofductwork materials is determined by the types and concentratiorl ofcontaminants in the gas streain.- 3.2.4.1\ir Flow through Biosubstrate All biofilter systems require that a high speed airflow in aduct dissipates evenly inthe broad area ofa biofilter. This has beenthe majorchallenge for biofilter designers for a long time. Historically, sandor gravel beds have been used to support the substrate and to allow the air distribution. These simple systems have neven'lorked welL The main disadvantages are the

• uneven air distribution, leading to "channeling" within the bed;


### • high flow resistance, leading to increased energy cost; ". water seepage into the ground, leading potentially to pollution problems; replacement ofthe bed required when biosubstrate is moved,

• increased operating cost.:iI

Figure

## 2: BioAe",-rnAirDistribution System Picture 'showsBioAer"C 

### Overthe past 10years, mainlytwo systems ofa"stone" support basis have been developed. In both systems, developed independendy at about the same time, the "stones" are laid out on a concrete slab thus allowing heavy equipment to drive on the aeration floor. This is important to allow easy access and quick loading or'

.unloading ofa biofilter**~hen** 

### thatbecomes necessary.

Whereas one system can be described as a pipe built ofsmall stone pieces. with air gaps, the other system ("1:iaseplates") contains a two dimensional channel system. Common sense and experimental datateli that a pipe system operates on higher pressure drop than a .'
. two dimensional channel system, and this means sub-

. stantially higher compression energy for the pipe-like

system. As 

### a result, the baseplates have almost forced the "stone" system out ofthe market:


### THE FINALVERSION OF THIS TECHNICAL HANDBOOKWILL INCLUDE.A GRAPH OF PRESSURE DROP IN PIPE SYSTEM I 

### GRAVEL BED YS. BIOAER

Figure 3: BioAer"AirDistribution System Picture showsBioAer'"C 

### As mentioned above, thebiology needs certaintempera-

·ture and humidity conditions. These aremaintained by the so-called "conditioner". The conditioner is an 

### air washer, common toindustrial orcommercial air:.conditioDing. The intensewashingofihe airremoves dust thatotherwise would clogthebiofilter·and sets the right temperature and humidity level.'
. . It is often overlooked that a spray mist does not adequately humidify the air to the extent required in biofilter operation; the lack ofmoisture will sub"equently 

### dry out the biosubstrate arid result in the infamous "wall effect" and "channeling" which are irreversible conditions. Since conditioners operate

·as adiabatic units in humidifying the air; one must assure a sufficient heat transferjointly with the

·humidification, as it is done with BDT conditioner units. Depending on .the application, the condi-. tioner may be connected to an external heat source through a heat exchanger for the heating and 

### Ior 

### 3.3 Conditioner The baseplates are known in Europe (where they were invenied) as**RottAe(~,** 

### and they are sold in North America under the brand BioAerTM. BDT exclusively uses this system because of its technical advantages. Typically, this air distribution system pays for itself within 1Y, 

### years, based onthe savings in operatingcosts (compression energy). '. Depending on a given application, BDT will advise the

customer whether to use concrete baseplates or poly- '. merbaseplates; BioAe(Thl is available in both varieties. The BioAer Thi 

### baseplates can be ordered from BDT as

·components.! ;I 

### cooling ofthe water in the internaJ circulation loop ofthe conditioner.This operation is also controlled by the automatic control system (bdtLogicTM). 

### The amount ofwater used in the conditioning process, the associated energy balance, and the amount ofwaterevaporated from the conditioner can be calculated in a somewhat tedious process using stan-

. dard engineering tables. BDT has developed a computer program for this design step and for use in

general purpose air conditioning (see Technical Sheet ofthe WinHumTM program). The nozzles used inside the BDT conditioner are a special clogging-free type that can let particles of 8 rom diameter pass through without negative effect. The BDT conditioners humidify the air to a minimum of92% relative humidity. Conditioner units are shipped assembled or pre-assembled; they are made in either stainless or FRP, depending on the application. Conditioner units can be ordered from BDT separately as custom-made items, 

### It is important to know that the condItioner does not operate at one preset temperature; the temperaturefhumidity program is rather complex.
. 3.4 Fan 

### Aside from the obvious task to move the waste air to the biofilter, the fan is also instrumental in providing the oxygen supply to the BioSubstrate; even the "hibernating" organisms' are in need of o;<)'gen when the bacteria cannot feed on VOCs. These two crucial functions require that the speed of the fan is adjustable to the needs ofthe substrate and to the removal ofVOCs. This is accomplishedby ,a variable frequency drive (VFD).
. 

## , Because ofthe crucial role ofthe fan in keeping the biological system aerated, BOT will oftenrecommend a small backup fan unit that is automatically triggered by the control logic (bdtLogicTM). The need to do so is determined in the detail engineering process by BOT, orjointly with the engineering firm chosen by the customer. The fan status is constantly monitored for current, temperature, and phase by the bdtLogicTM control system. 

### Inlargerindustrial appIications, this includes the monitoringofvibration andbearing temperature in orderto avoid uRscheduled maintenance events and undesirable downtime. 3.5 Sprinkler 

### TO BE INSERTED

### 4. Electrical and Control Design 4.1 Control Cabinet, Enclosures, and Wiring TO BE INSERTED 

### 4.2 VFD TO BE INSERTED 

### 4.3 Sensors TO BE INSERTED 

### 4.4 Electronic Controls, PLC Obviously, abiofiltermust take whatevercomes out ofagiven production orventilationprocess. Some biofilters designed by our competitors require uniform emission constituentswith uniform gas flow rates and constant VOC loads. Since this is not the real world ofaproduction process, BDT follows a different line ofthought. Through the "smartcontrols" conceptofBDT, the biofilteris capableofadaptingitself-to a wide range ofinput temperatures, humiditylevels, and contaminants in the waste gas stream. It is BDT's experience that a biofilter can stay in "hibernation", i.e. at reduced' temperatures and without a gaseous carbon source, for several weeks, provided that the proprietary algorithms ofbdtLogicThl 

### control system are implemented. The 'operation cycle ofa process/production line can remain unaffected by the environmental control technologies when the bdtLogicTM system is used. Typically, aBioDigesto{rM is operating at 90% efficiency or more within less than one hour after an extended "hibernation" period

- unlike common biofilters where several hours, and sometimes several days, are needed to restore efficiencies. The proprietary bdtLogicTM control algorithms also contain a program block for data acquisition and data recording. As part ofthe software system, data can optionally be recorded and archived on a PC and/or by a strip-chart recorder.
. . . The operator interface is a touch-screen with a visualization ofall pertinent process parameters. Ifhuman interaction withthe fully automated systembecomes necessary, this interactionwill be through touch-screen commands. The bdtLogicTM hardware typically interfaces with an existing PLC system .through a serial port, or operates with a PLC provided by BDT as part ofa complete control system. bdtLogicThl 

### has the input and output characteristics described in the Technical Specification Sheet. 

### 4.4 Remote Monitoring For safety ofcontinuous operation, a remote log-on capability is implemented with bdtLogicThl

. 

### BDT will regularly log into the system remotely"to provide a continuous quality assurance program.


### 5. Engineering The design criteria involve parameters such as gas-stream humidification and associated water requirements, gas-stream temperature and heat requirements, fan size, and the geometrical dimensions ofthe area containing the active biosubstrate. In the case ofVOC emissions, these parameters are, , :rt r:



### .determined by measurements on a slip stream from the actual production process. For the removal of odors, measurements can usually be omitted. The measurements are performed on an actual biofilter in a mobile test laboratory called a Mobile Engineering Parametrization Station (MEPS). The MEPS should not be confused with a demonstration unit and is not a feasibility test; the feasibility is determined before the MEPS is sent to a site. Unlike a demonstration unit which simply is a down-sized version ofa regUlar biofilter, the MEPS is equipped with sophisticated data acquisition features that would not typically be found in a full-sized unit. It 

### is important to know that only withthe properdeterminationofthe design criteriacan aperformance guarantee be given. One ofthe most important factors is the "sizing," i.e. the determination ofthe width and height ofthe full size biofilter bay or tower unit. The width depends mostly, but not exclusively, on the toial air volume, while the height depends mostly, butnot exclusively, on the desired removal rate. Therefore, the reduction ofthe total air volume at the emission source can be the most important cost saving .)_ factor. Despite the information obtained from many biofilter companies, the removal rate is almost independent on the input concentration. This makes possible the opportunity to reduce air flow at the source to reduce the overall cost ofthe system. BDT is a systems provider and offers the design and installation ofa complete odorfVOC control facility. Where abiofilteris one subsystem 

### in an odorcontrol orVOC control installation, BDT works closely withthe

### enginee~ing firm(s) indevelopingthe specifications and design criteria. Consequently, BDTestablishes and maintains relationships with engineering firms that allow the promptdelivery and integration ofspecifications and drawings into complete design packages.

### ·

# . Table 4. Biodegradability ofcommon VOCs, as commonly accepted Sources: VIiI Report #3477 (VDI Handbuch Reillhallllllg der Lufl. yol. 6) VDI Report #3478. quoted in Chemical Engineering, Dec. 1992 Remark: VDI ;s the Association ofGerman Engineers (vereill Dell/scher [llgenieure) 

### Excellent 

### Good Minimum Unknown toluene 'benzene m<;thane acetylene xylene styrene pentane methacrylate alcohols acetone cyclohexane isocyanates methanol ethylacetate diethylether trichloroethylene butanol phenol dioxane perchloroethylene tetrahydrofurane dimethylsulfide' dichloromethane formaldehyde thiocyanates a,etaldehyde thiophene 

### Zero butyric acid methylmercaptane trimethylamine carbondisulfide I, I, I-trichloroethane amides pyridine IMPORTANT: This table does not reflect the viewpoint and acetonitrile knowledge ofBDT, and is not endorsed by BDT isonitrile PLEASE NOTE: VDI's view is detenmined by the low' chlorophenols concentrations «500 oom) in common biofilter aoolic;.;,tions 

### Table 5. Biodegradability ofcommon VOCs

- BDT's point ofview Source: Eight years ofbiofilter experience. 

### Excellent Fair Minimum aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, benzene meSitylene, styrene) aliphatic hydrocarbons (pentane to aliph,atic hydrocarbons (octane and heptane, cyclohexane, cyclopentadiene) higher) chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroheterocyclic compounds (tetrahydro- form, methylene chloride, vinyl furane, ethyiene oxide, pyridine, chloride, benzyl chloride) thiophene, dioxane) diethylether aliphatic and arlHllatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol. ethylene glycol) aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde) carhonic acids (fonmic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid) amines (trimethylamine, ammonia) ketones (acetone, MBK, Cyclohexanone) esters (ethylacetate, acrylate, methacrylate) phenols, thiophenols,**merc~ptane:s** thioethers nitriles, isonitriles

. thiocyanates, isocyanates carbon disullide, hydrogen suIlide aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane

, and butane)

trichloroethane, percbloroethylene, trichloroethylene

# .. 6. Applications: Odor andVOC Control 6.1 Po/Jutant As stated in the introduction, biofilters are an efficient method ofremoving organic compounds from gas streams. Specific questions about the effectiveness ofbiofilters should be addressed to BOT, although some general rules apply as "rules ofthumb":

• Organic compounds ofhigh boiling point can be captured and destroyed by a biofilter more easily than low boiling compounds (theoretical background: adsorption isotherm).

• . Organic compounds ofhigh symmetry cannotbe removedby abiofilter, orat least it is difficult (theoretical background: the enZymes orthemicrobes need a preferred carbon-hydrogen bondtobegin the oxidation).

• Inorganic compounds commonly found in gases (such as NO , SO , NH) are efficiently de- 

# )it stroyed in a biofilter...· x , x. J
. 

### Germany's VDI has issued a report providing design criteria for biofilters, and this report also lists a table ofcompounds. Although BOT does not agreewith the placement ofsome entries in this table, it can be uSed asa good guideline. VDI's and BDT's point ofview are shown in table 3. 

### 6.2 Concentration



## G 'g> 601-----j------::



### BOT has truly expanded the scope of biofilter applications. 

### w 

## §5 40

# ..~ 20))

. 

### 6.3 Destruction Effect, "Effi- 

# c.,. t-- 

### co lffion bior!lt r 

### ciency" 0

## o 2,000 4;000
. '6,000 8,000 

### The destruction effect, commonly but CONCENTRATION (ppm C3-equivalerits) wrongly called' efficiency, in a Figure 4: Operating rallge ofbioft/ters andBioDigestors.The 

### BioDigestorTM biofilter is 90%+ de- light blue shadedarea is coveredby the common "bioft/ter" 

### struction of the incoming VOCs, and definition. 

### even a destructionof99%+ is not outofquestion, depending onthe nature ofthe pollutari.t, the air flow, and thedesign. For high input conce{1trations, the air released from the biofilter even at a 99%+ destruction level may containlevels ofVOCs that canbe detectedby the very sensitive instrumentofthe human nose,depending onthechemical nature ofthe VOC. The sensitivity ofthe nose for concentration.levels v'3.ries over multiple orders ofmagnitude. Conseq\lently, compliance With envirOnmental' standards does not always result in no odors, although in most cases the VOC destruction is down to a level that one cannot-smell. Certainly any biofiltercan be designed in a way that the air released from the**biofilt~r** 

### only has the natural smell ofthe biosubstrate; this is a question ofdesign and sizing. The chemicaJly unspecific "odors" from some processes are a typical phenomenon ofthe food indus- .. Sometimes consulting engineers are misledby literature statements thatbiofilters can only be applied at comparative.1ylowconcentrationsofbelow 1,000ppm carbon. BDT has never sharedthis view, and is successful in operating biofilters at 80 r--'

### -"---r----,-----,------, much higher concentrations of up to 21,000 ppm (as carbon, 7,000 ppm as propane) owingtothefactthatBDThas developed the' technology of applying

.thermophilic bacteria. This "operating window" is shown:iri figure 

## 4.

# ..,
tries. Chocolate production, coffee bean roasting, fish processing, and rendering operations are among the most notorious. These odors are very often related to small amounts ofcompounds where the human nose is particularly sensitive, and the concentrations ofthe "odors" in airare unusually low. In these cases, biofilters are the method ofchoice because the smell can usually be removed by 99%. 

### 6.4 Concluding Remarks The general biofilter theory outlined above is not to be read as an instruction for a "Do it yourself' biofilter

- there is no universal "biofilterr-ecipe" or "biofilter design". Depending"on the specific application, BDT 

### will design the BioDigestorTM accofding to the requirements ofa particular task, and although BDT has gainedreputation for preferring'thermophilic bacteria, BDT will in certain applications preferamix ofpsychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria. Formany industrial applications, Application Sheets are available from BDT upon request 

### 6.5 BiofilterandBioDigestorTM
- What is the Djfference? As shown above, the highlights**of~** 

### BioDigestorTM include the application ofadvanced controlsysterns allowing a continuous recalculation ofset points, ofthe best currently available air distribution system, and ofthe lowest possible O&M cost for a hiofilter application. A typical BioDigestorTM design is shown in Figure 5.**Acces~** Aproll Access 

## ,

Figure 5: TjpicaIBioDigestorDesign

### )

I 

# I i , 

### 7. Operation and Maintenance 7.1 Operational Safety 'Biofilters'have an unusual level ofinherent safety and even more so with the modern BioDigestorTM design. BDT will, upon request, provide assistance in a HAZOP evaluation, 

### 7.2 Compliance Monitoring It is important to know that in an intermittent operation cycle ofa production process the biofilter 

## , . 

### responds after a "swing-in" time interval and likewise responds with a "swing-out" when the VOC concentration drops sharply. Consequently, the only way to. 

### describe the performance ofa biofilter is throughthe integral ofthe concentration in the time interval t 

### = t and,t 

### =

## ti+

### A, withAas the "swingout" time. Unfortunately, this fact has not become widely knowrt and seems to be unpublished, 

### 7.3 Maintenance The BioDigestorTM is designed to operate unattended. The weekly maintenance check requires about one hour. In addition, a more extensive quarterly ¢heck is**requi~ed;** 

### the'quarterly maintenance check requires about one day. 

### 8. Cost Comparison TO BE INSERTED

# BioDigestorTechnologies, Inc. Site Evaluation Form Waste Gas Treatment

. PLEASE NOTE: ALL lNFORM:A:rION ON TfllS SHEET WILL BE TREATED CONFIDENTIALLY!

1YPE OF PlANT {INDUSTRY BRANCH LOCATION, STATE
EXlSTING EMISSION CONTROL O
..e. new instaDatlon, equipment being replaced)
CURRENT METHOD O.e. incineration, carbon adsorption, Qltect vent, etc.}
SCHEDULED START-t)P DATE OF NEW OR. REPLACEMENT EMISSION CONTROL SYSnEM
TARGET VALUE FOR EMISSION REDUCTiON
PREFERENCE OF ENGINEERING FIRM Qf any), NAME AND PHONE NUMBER OF CONTACTAIR FLOW (m'ih or efin)
CONTINUOUS FLOW { TYPICAL. INTERVALS
TEMPERATURE ofwaste' gas stream
MOISTURE of waste gas.stream
AlEROSOLS { DUST (particle size and amount)



### Please attach yourbusiness card here· 

## ? or write down yourname, company, address, phone and fax number ANALYTICAL DATA



# r------------------, I I I I I I I I 

### I I 

### I I I I I I I I I I L

### BioDigestor Teclinologies, Inc. 

## MOST COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT 

## BIDFILTERS Abbreviations used: ppm . parts per million
. VOC Volatile Organic'Compounds 

### Q: Is a biojiltersystem as simple as itappears to be? A: No. "First generation" biofilters were little more than piles ofdirt, wood chips or compost throughwhich an off-gas was blown. These systems were successful on a limited range ofapplications
.. "Second generation" biofilters incorporated humidification ofthe gas stream. This enabled biofilters to be used over abroader range ofdischarge gas moisture conditions. State-of·the-art, high performance biofilters, the "third generation," cOlltrol the biological environment and off-gas parameters under all process conditions. "Third generation" biofilter systems constantly monitor and integrate control ofboth the biofilter (i.e. the biology) and the exhimststream (i.e. the process). The conditioner unit modifies the air stream temperature and moisture accordingly. Since the control unit has to deal with the living and subsequently changing body ofabiological system and (in many cases) changes in off-gas flow and .load, it cannot rely on fixed set points for temperature, humidity, VOC load, etc. Consequently, the "third generation" units operate on algorithms that maintain the proper conditions for the biology under all process operating modes.**A~vice:** 

### Askyour biofilter vendor to describe the control strategy of his system. Do 

### not accept a biofilter controlstrategy with fixedsetpoints! Q: 

### Does a biojiiterneeda constant air flow anda constantloadofVOCs? A: No. Measurements on third generation systems have demonstrated that well adapted microorganisms will "hibernate" (reduce their intensity ofmetabolism) after a couple ofhours when VOC

. concentrations (nutrient levels) decline. It is important that a biofilter control logic adjusts the air

flow, temperature and humidity accordingly during these levels oflow concentration (stand-by operation). A "third generation" biofilterautomatically performs this task. There is no necessity to "feed" the biological systems during these periods. Advice: 

### Avoidany biofilterdesign that "demands" additionalnutrients or 'fertilizers.": Q:' 

### Does a biojilterneedseveral weeks to regainperformance afteraplantshut-dlJWn?



### . A: No. After several days

- even up to several weeks

- ofappropriately induced "hibernation", the

biological system will regainfull efficiency withintwo hours ofresuming normal process cOnditions in most cases. This shortrecovery time is a feature ofa "thirdgeneration" biofilterthatcontrols the entry and exit from this induced "hibernation" state. A level of90% efficiency is usually reachedwithin 30 minutes ofresumed operations Advice: 

### Donot e;pectthisperformancefrom a biofilteroperating withoutproper control logic (first orsecondgeneration system). Askyour biofiltervendor for aperformance guarantee.

### Q: Doesn't a biofilterneeda lot of spacefor high air volumes? 

### A: Not the football fields often imagined and quoted. It is true that biofilters require space for housing the biosubstrate materiaL However, the design ofthe biofilter system has a major impact on the biosubstrate volume and the subsequent footprint ofthe system. With poor design, the area required increases dramatically. A modem, "third generation" biofilterdesign with the appropriate controllogic dramatically reduces the footprint (up to 70%). Advice: 

### Seek info!mationfrom severalvendors regarding theirproposedspace requirements. A "resi**d~nce** 

### time" calculation is typical of''first andsecondgeneration" design which leads to largerfootprints. With "thirdgeneration" design, the resideuce time is not the dete;mining si::ingfactor. Q: Can a biofilterhandle a VOCconcentration above 1,000ppm? 

### A: Yes. Without an appropriate control strategy, early generation biofilters were limited to low concentration applications,i.e. up to 500 ppm. Third generation biofilters using a "smart" control system destroy concentrations ofup to 6,000 ppm (18,000 ppm in carbon equivalents!) on most solvents or fugitive emissions. Advice: 

### Askyour biofilter vendor whether ornot his "ppm values" are basedonpropane or carbon equivalents. ·Then do your own computations and compare the efficiencies ofdifferent competing biofilter systems. Do not anticipatefirst or secondgeneration biofilters to perform at high removal .rates on 

### a COnsistent basis. Q: 

### Are VOC renwvallevels above 90% feasiblewith a biofilter? 

### A: Yes. Track records of modem biofilterapplications. show that destruction levels well above 90% can be consistently realized. Destruction levels of99%+ have been demonstrated over many years. Advice: 

### Askyour biofilter vendor for reference applications. Q: 

### Are biofilterspracticalfordestroying inorganic gases such as hydrogen sulfide? 

### A: Yes. Inorganic gq.ses like hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrous oxide; chlorine, or sulfurdioxide will be destroyed in a biofilter under the appropriate conditions. Likewise, most VOCs containing hetero-atoms are destroyedin a high efficiency biofilter.
. . Advice: 

### Askyourbiofiltervendor whether they are confident that their biofilter can remove 

### a given compound.


### THE ULTIMATE QUESTION: 

### What tnilkes biofilters so attractive compared to other airpollution control technologies? 

### THE ULTlJ.\1ATE ANSWER: 

### Biofiltersare inexpensiveto operate, have a longservice life, do not generate hazardouS waste, andare highlyreliable ifproperly designed. 

### THE ULTIMATE ADVICE: 

### Compareothertechnology optionswith biofiltertechnology
.. In tnilny cases biofiltration will 

### be the answer! Select the biofiltersystem that offers the highest value over .the 

### life ofthesystem.. .' Copyright

### © 1996 by BioDigestorTechnologies, Inc. The information contained in this document is protected by copyright law. Reproduction or translation ofany part ofthis work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 ofthe 1976 US Copyright Act without thepermission ofthe copyright owner is a violation ofthe law. This text may be quoted-in the way commonly used in the'scientific and engineering community; in this case, BDT**e~pects** to be informed ofsuch reference.

# III BioDigestocTechnologie;, Inc


## There was a Time ofRumors

- but 

## now it's Time for Facts 10 Rumors and

## F~cts about Biofilters

Abbreviations used: ppm . part per million VOC- Volatile Organic Compounds


### RUMOR #1: Biofilters need a constant air flow and a constant load ofVOCs. 

### FACT: It'sjust a rumor' Measurements on BioDigestor Thl systems prove.that the well adapted micoorganisms will ;'hibernate" (reduce their intensity of metabolism) after a couple ofhours when the VOC concentration diminishes. Within the BioDigestor Thl design, during these periods of non-emission ofVOes the air flow is cut down to a minimal level (stand-by operation). There is no necessity to "feed" the biological systems during these time periods, although some technical papers call for this practice. 

### RUMOR #2: After plant shut-downs,**th~** biofilter needs weeks to get up to performance again. 

### FACT: It'sjust it rumor! After several days ofhibernation, even aflera week or two, the biological system will run at full efficiency again within at the mosttwo hours ifthe BioDigestor Thl design has been chosen. The level of90% offull efficiency value is usually reached within 30 minutes. 

### RUMOR #3: A biofilteris always in danger offlipping into anaerobic conditions which tum the biomass into a smelly, useless material. 

### FACT: It'sjust a rumor! Any properly designed biofilteris far from an anaerobic condition, however, inexperienced design

# '*

teams mayface dlfliculties indesigning abiofilterin the waythat anaerobic conditions cannot occur.·Within·theBioDigestorTM
. design, a worst-case protection is built into the system to safeguard the filter even ifeverything else fails. The BDT team has in the past been called to rescue a "dead" (non-aerated) biofilterdesigned by awell knowncompetitor, and within three days the biofilter was fully active again without an exchange oftbe biological material
.. 

### RUMOR #4: Biofilters need a lot ofspace, up toseveral football fields in area for high air volumes. '? 

### FACT: It'sjust a rumor! It is true that biofilters need more spacethancompeting tSc
.

### ~er,**~nly** through poor design is the .area dramatiCally larger. For a BioDigestor Thl builtby the BDT team i

### Missou~ the regularbiofilter design as commonly reported in the literature would have called for an area of 2,200 m', how., e BDT calculation demonstrated that only 600 m' are required - a size reduction of73% while maintaining a 94%+ destruction efficiency! -Upon customer request, the filter was built at 1,050 m' to allow for plant expansion. 

### RUMOR #5: Biofilters can only be used at low·concentrations, well below 1,000 ppm. 

### FACT: It'sjust a I)lmor! Unfortunately, "ppm" is a very generic description ofaconcentration, and comparing ppm values. given by different people very often means comparing apples and oranges. In biofilter applications, ppmcommonly refers to the volume ofthe gaseous voe (standard conditions) in air{standard conditions), with the

## voe amount calculated on the basis of carbon .atoms. Because detectors are mostly calibrated against propane calibration gases, and because propanefl·
contains 3 carbon atoms per molecule, the ppm values given by different people may differ by a faclOr ofthree. BDT uses ppm values consistently as values based On propane, i.e. in acomparison with carbon or methane based values, our values must be multiplied by three. Ordinary biofilters perfonn well at low concentrations, i.e. up to 500 ppm. For higher concentrations. advanced design such as the BioDigestorTM technology is necessary. With a BioDigestor'P', for most solvents or fugitive emissions, concentrations of up to 6,000 ppm (18,000 ppm in carbon equivalents!) will be destroyed efficiently. 

### RUMOR #6: VOC removal efficiencies ofbiofilters are poor and can hardly reach 90%. 

### FACT:'Ifsjust a rumor! The track record ofBioDigestorTM applications shows that regularly destruction efficiencies well

. 

# . above 90% can be reached. Within theBDT's tearntrack record is one installation in Gennany where constantly overthe past 8 years destruction efficiencies 'of99%+ have been demonstrated. 

### RUMOR #7: Hydrocarbons cannot be destroyed efficiently in a biofilter because they are hydrophobic and cannot get into the watery biofilm. 

### FACT: It'sjust a rumor! The rumor stems from experience with the ordinary biofilter design. Under the operating conditions of a BioDigestorTM, most hydrocarbons will be destroyed. However, the hydrocarbons With very low boiling point (methane, ethane) do not have enough residence time to get biologically attacked while being adsorbed on the lipophilic menibranes that are the skin ofthe bacteria. 

### RUMOR#8: Biofilters are not useful for inorganic gases; or VOCs containing hetero-atoms such as halogen, nitrogen, or sulfur. 

### FACT: Ifsjust a rumor! Inorganic gases like ammonia, nitrous oxide, chlorine, or sulfur. dioxide wi1I be destroyed in a biofilter under the appropriate conditions. Likewise, most hetero-atom containing VOCs are destroyed in a BioDigestorTM. BDT will advise the customerwhether the BioDigestorTM can destroy a given compound. 

### RUMOR #9: There isno competent source ofinfonnation available regarding biofiltration as there fS on othermethods
. and technologies for air pollution control. 

### FACT: It'sjust a rumor! The BDT team offers all the infonnation you need to determine ifyour specific problem can be solved by a biofilter. This infonnarion is as close to you as your fax machine. All you have to do is fill out the site evaluation sheet which facilitates rhi.s process and send it to one ofour offices. In response w.e send, without any obligation to you, a proposal for a BioDigestorTM system addressing your emission control needs. 

### RUMOR #10: Biofilters are inexpensive to operate, highly reliable ifproperly designed, have a long lifetime, and do not generate hazardous .waste. 

### FACT: WelL all four statements are true for abiofilter with the BioDigestorTM design.

Copyright © 1994, 1996 by BioDigestorTechnologies, Inc. The infonnation contained in this documeni is protected by copyright law. Reproduction or translationofany part ofthis work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 ofthe 1976 US Copyright Act without the permission ofth" copyright owneris aviolation ofthe law.
. This text may be quoted in the way commonly used inthe scientific and engineering community; in this case, BDT expects to be informed ofsuch reference.

### Site Evaluation Form \Vaste 

### Gas Treatment 

## BioDigestorTechnologies, Inc. PLEASE NOTE:
. .>J.L rNFORlvlATrOCI ON TH1S SHEET WILL BE TREATED CONFillENTL.>J.LY'

TYPE OF PLANT {INDUSTRY BRANCH
LOCATION•.STATE .-----'---------"'-------

_
EXISTING EMISSION CONTROL (i.e. new installation. equipment being replaced)
CURRENT METHOD**0.e~** incineration. carbon adsorption, direct vent, etc.)
SCHEDULED START-UP DATE OF NEW OR REPLACEMENT EMISSiON CONTROL SYSTEM
TARGET VALUE FOR EMISSiON REDUCTION
PREFERENCE OF ENGINEERING FIRM (if any). NAME AND PHONE NUMBER OF CONTACT

AIR FLOW (m'lh or elm)
C0r:!TlNUOUS FLOW { TYPICAL INTERVALS
TEMPERATURE ofwaste gas stream
MOISTURE of waste gas stream
AEROSOLS' OUST (particle size and amount)

Please attach yDur business card here 

## ? or write dow11 your name, company, address,. phone and fax number ANALYTICAL DATA**r---~--------------,** 

### I I I I I I I I I I 

### I I I I I I 

### I I I I L

### • 

## .,
Site Evaluation Form Waste Gas Treatment 

# BioDigestor Technologies, Inc. PLEASE NOTE: ALL fNFORMATION ONTHrs SHEET**WE.~** BE TREATED CONFrDENTL.lJ.LY'

TYPE OF PLANT (INDUSTRY BRANCH LOCATION, STATE
EXISTING EMISSION CONTROL

### a.e. new installation. equipment being**~=:.'3;:e:d)** CURRENT METHOD

## a.e. incineration, carbon adsorption, direct vent, e!\;.;
SCHEDULED START-UP DAtE OF NEW OR REPLACEMENT EMISSIC'; CONTROL SYSTEM
TARGET VALUE FOR EMISSION REDUCTION
PREFERENCE OF ENGINEERING FIRM 01 any). NAME AND PHONE**~,"-·!.I;;=R** OF CONTACT

AIR FLOW (m'lh or elm)

. CONTINUOUS FLOW { TYPICAL INTERVALS

TEMPERATURE or waste gas stream
MOISTURE of waste gas stream
AEROSOLS { DUST (particle size and amount)



### Please attach your business cardhere or write down your name, company, address, phone and fax number
. /-S":.,-YTICAL DATA



# r------------------, I 1 

### I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

. I L

## I I**.~.** (" 

## , 

## BioDigestorTechnologies, Inc.

U.S. and European Biofiltei Projects BDT-GeoTec Partial Reference List October 1996

.. This reference list contains 91 entries, ofmore than 140 installations worldwide. The

distribution ofapplications ofthe entries in this list is·as follows:

OTHER 23.1%

FOOD PROCESSING 7.7%

WASTEWATER TREATMENT. 46.2%



### BDT·A Bia-Environmental Company P.O. Box 12015
. Grand forks, North Dakota 58208-2015
. 701.775.8775
. fax: 701.775.8117PAGE 4


### Customer 

### I Company Project 

### IUsage Flow RMe Flo"!,Rate Year

'·,:1'. m'lhr cfm (operuti..ng sincet fa, Buter GmbH Waste Water Treatment 3,600 2,120 1994 Bahnhofstrasse 50 Plant (WWTP) 48607 Ochtrup City ofOchtrup Germanv ' Scliaap GmbH Rendering Plant 5,000 2,940 1989 Averbeck 51 48619 Heek Germa,ny 

### , Sfadt Coesfeld Waste Water Treatment 4,000 2,350 1994 48653 Coesfeld Plant (WWTP) Germany City ofCoesfeld

, , Heitkamp GmbH " Waste Water Treatment 15,000 ; 8,300 Rodenkirc!lener Strasse 200 Plant (WWTP) 50389 Wesseling City ofBergischGer:manv Gladbach, Kessler & Luch GmbH Waste Water Treatment 30,000 17,650 ' 1995 MathiaS-Brueggen-Strasse 154 Plant (WWTP) 50829 Koln City ofBoilll-Duisdorf Germanv Johann Gergen GmbH Waste Water Treatment 24,000 14,120 Kaiser-friedrich-Ring 23 Plant (WWTP) 66740 Saarlouis City ofVolklingen Germanv BASF Soil Remediation 150 90**Carl~Bosch-Strasse** 38 Facility 67063 Ludwigshafen Germany

,Phillip MOller GmbH Waste WaterTreatment' 7,800 4,590 1992 Monschstrasse 11 Plant (WWTP) 70191 Stuttgart Hungary Gennany Stahl Ton AG Waste Water Treatment 7,800 4,590 Riesbachstrasse 57

, Plant (WWTP) 8034 lurich Bleachery Switzerland , Phillip MOUer GmbH Waste Water Treatment 1,200 700 1994 HeiruichstraSse 11 Plant (WWTP) 500 290 1994 043 17 Leipzig lott KG Germany two compact biofilters FelgentreffEntsorgung GmbH Waste Disposal Plant ,12,000 7,060 1992 Molbisei Landstrasse 04579 Espenhain Germany,

..... .. PWA Potsdamer

### Viasser & WWTP 2,000 1,100 1993 Abwasser GmbH Pump Station Potsdamer Strasse 32-34 City ofPotsdam 14612 Falkensee, GermanyPAGE 6

I 

## I 

# I'

I 

## !**Cus~olller** 

### ! Company Project/Usage Flow Rate Ii10w Rate 

## .. 'Ye.ar rri'lhr cfm (operating ,ince) Berufsschule Gelserrkirchen Pilot Plant 300 176 , 1991 Heegestrasse 14 45897 Gelsenkirchen Germanv Teckenbrock GmbH Waste WaterTreatment 3,600 2,120 1993 BoumalU1strasse 25 Plant (\VWTP) 46325 Borken City ofIsselburg Genpanv
. Lineg Waste WaterTreatmef\t 600 350 Friedrich-Heinrich-Strasse 74 Plant (wwrP) 47475 Kamp-Lintfort
.. Germanv Wieninger GmbH .. YeastProcessingPlant 12,000 7,060 Postfach 26 05 94016 Passau Ginnanv '.. Schaap GmbH Rendering Plant
. 60,000 35,300 

# .. -. 1988 Averbech 51 48619 Heek
- ; . 

### . Germanv
. . CincilU1ati Metro Sewer Waste WaterTreatment 3,600 2,120 District, City ofCincilU1ati
. Plant (\VWTP) 1600 Gest Street PolkRun Unit CincilU1ati, OH 05203 Loveland, Ohio Cincinnati MSD WasteWaterTreatment • 14,600' 8,100 1997 City ofCincilU1ati Plant (\VWTP) 1600 Gest Street Mill Creek**Cincinnat~** OH 05203 Cinci!U1ati, Orjo Abwasserzweckverband Sludge Drying Facility 2,500

. 1,390 1995 KliirwerkBreisgauer Bucht 79362 Forchheirn Gennany Kompostierungsanlage Composting facility 6,000 3,300 1996 Bischofsheim Industriestr. 24 65474 Bischofsheirn, Gennanv Stadt Abwasseraufbereitung Sludge drying facility 17,000 9,400 1996 Klarwerk Rheinuferstr. 2 79713 Bad Sackingen,Gennanv Stadt. Abwasse.mufbereitung Sludge Drying facility 21,000 11,700 1996 Klilrwerk RheinuferStr, 2 79713 Bad Sackingen,Gennanv GER GrevesmUhlen SlUdgeDrying Facility 1,000 600 1995 Langer Steinschlag 2 23939 Grevesmiihlen GennanyPAGES


### Customer/ Company Project/ Usage Flow Rate Flow,Rate .Year. m'/hr cfm (operadng slnce) Kompostwerk Bentheim Composting Facility 42,000 23,300

. ·1996 Kiesstralle 49849 Wilsum Germanv Kompostwerk Liineburg Composting Facility 50,000 27,800 1995 Zentraldeponie Luneburg Adendorfer Weg 21357 Bardowick.Gennany 

### , Stadt Koln Composting Facility , 70,000 38,900 GroBkHlrwerk Starnmheim 50667Koln Germany Weiss Bio-AnIagei1lVogteier Composting Facility 34,000 18,900. ·1995 Kompost GmbH An der Oberrothe 99986 Niederorla, Germany MERADUren-Horin ·Solid Waste Treatment 62,000 34,400 1994 DUrener Deponie GmbH Plant PfarrerPeuss-Str. 46 52393 Hurtgenwald-Horm MEV Liineburg SolidWaste Treatment 70,000 38,900 1995 Zentraldeponie Plant Adendorfer Weg 21357 Bardowick.Germany Abfallwinschaftsbetriebe MSW Treatment Plant 50,000 27,800 1996 Munster City ofMunster Eulerstr. 12 48155 Miinster, Germany MAT Mull- und Abfalltechnik Waste Water Treatment
. 12,000 6,700 1995 GmbH Plant (WWTP) Monchstr. II City ofHogel 70191 Stutt<W1, Germany Annuss Slaughterhouse 6,000 3,300 1994 cIermany .

. Reemtsma GmbH & Co Tobacco Processing 50,000 27,800 1996 Imhoffslr. 44 30853 Langenhagen . Germany· Pumpwerk Bochum Waste Waler Trealment 4;500 2,500 Germany Plant (WWTP) Pump Station City of Bochum KJilranJage Lohmeri Waste Water Treatment 3,000 1,700 1996 18176 Lohmen Plant (WWTP) c;ermany City ofLohmen

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# ·&Advance Environmental Associates, LL C 

# MEMO

May 11,2001 To: AEA File
cc's: Andy Polcyn Dave McKenzie, Crownline .Boats

.From:· John R. Gibbons, P.E.

... Subject: Proposal fram BioRem BioRem decided not to subrriit a written prop.osal and therefore, this memo summarizes aphone call that I had with Richard Puntis, Director ofSales
.. They are proposing to use their Synergytm system to treat the styrene and MMA. They strongly suggest doing apilot study before designing a full-scale system. Also, they will notprovide a

. performance guarantee without apilot study. As a side-note, theirpilotplant may not be

available until September, 200I since there is a company that is close to issuing apurchase order for a system. To do apilot study will cost $40,000 (3-nionth study). The data from the pilot. study will be used to determine the humidity/temperature, loading and flow rate requirements. Also, the data will determineifthe desired control efficiency can be achieved.
. Richardsaidthat for a 300,000 cfrn system, the cost ofthe full-scale systemwill be approximately $15/cfm. I asked him if

### it would vary for a flow rate as low as 50,000 cfm and he saidno. The size ofaunit treating 300,000 cfrn wouldbe 37,500 

## if. He said that they could make tiers for the unitto reduce the size. The costgoes up tb$25/cfrn iftiers are necessary. The·· unit would require air**pr~treatrnent** 

### using spray humidification. He said thatthe media Jrilliast approximately 10 years and that it costs $21/ft' to replace the media. The airtemperature coming out ofthe biofilterwill be approximately 50-60 F and heat recovery for sending air back into ih·e plant is possible using air to airheat exchangers.·. The·
. eXhaust from the biofilter can notbe directly recycled to the plant due to some natural toxins in
... the eXhaust.
.

C:\JRG DOCUMENTSIPROJECTS\COOCOO4\BIOREMTELECON.DOC

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.**~".:'**

. :. ..Fan

""",." 

### • low operalitlg and maintenance costs

• guarallleed reliobilily and-performance

• proven resulls Gtld 

### outstanding service

Re'i!eneratlon Une

# "~'\ffl~ ,Pi-'--'''-'1 

### I Scrubber 

# I
I I 

### BIOFILTRATION

... ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

(UmpliLIlHJs rVOC ",I dlld r!

# >**~l** manufacturing**rmcll\rlli..t'_"''''lll~** iacililies ;"'lore relidble rh,1n chemical scrubbers dlld nh.'re. dffnrdable than**itH..:int:'f-:ir~·'r:;** biofiltration use<; ndturdlly L'/",al",J.",,,,
..

# _<:::.c=== occurring microbe's to biolugically break down odors. solvents and other VOCs present in waste air streams, in.'o corlx)n dioxide and**~'ater** It's a completely natural process 'thai doesn't use chemicois "r prcoduce wastes ,-\vatldble exclusively from BIOREM. a**leadin~** North**,~merican** biotechIlDlog:,' company. SYNERGY' is the' most advanced biofilter 011 the market 

# Low OPERATING 

# & MAINTENANCE COSTS

Biofiltratibn is d reliC'lble and· "Jist-effective way tll elilnilidte



# 1 '.**~,**

""'0

_ BIOFILTER Why are so many plants.replacing their scrubbers thermal incinerators or carbon sy'stems with SYNERGY? Three simple**r~a'il'ln"**



# The SYNERGY''' 

# process u.s. Palent No. 5,869.323
.**SYNERGY'~** .elimirratesyour VOC emissions and gives you more time to**~oncentrate** on wnat tlOU do best.

- manufacture and process flottr products. With their new SYNERGY systems, up al1

.. running**man~:** plant Dw.ne.rs are "now' savinl;( h,!ndreds of thousands of dollars each year' They no longer have to buy expensive chemicals like sodium hypochlorite or chlorine dioxide that most scrubbers need Or they are eliminating high energy costs typically seen with thermal sys'tems SYNERGY· has minimal operating requirements. There dre no

### un~ecessary or complicated controls

### ~nd 'no expensive hazardous waste t9 take away,

Carbon System

•**Thermal~xld** [;tier**~-,** I 'nllld-**~1**
• Blofllter

Catalytic o.xldl;ter" TolalFiveYearCoslof Blofillralion

## '5. AIlemaliveTechnologies

'SIll"'''
-



# BIORIM

SYN ERGY" REMOVES AND' DESTROYS ODORS AND VOLATILE AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

. (VOCsj AT A LOWER COST FOR BOTH INSTALLATION AND OPERATION WHEN COMPARED TO

ANY OTHER DESTRUCTION OR

TREATMEN' TECHNOLOGY. INSTALLATION COSTS FOR SYNERGY" CAN BE AS MUCHAS 15% ·LOWER. MORE IMPORTANT, THE ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS FOR SYNERGY'" ARE 60% TO 75% LESS. AT EVERY POINT IN

THE ANALYSIS SYN ERGY" 'IS YOUR MOST EFFICIENT AND

COST EFFECTIVE .CHOICE FOR VOC CONTROL. 

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## The SYNERGY'" 

## hiofilter system is setting new standards in the biological treatment ofwaste air contaminated with VOCs 

## and odors.

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# BIORQM
ONGOING SUPPORT

- BIOREM offers the most comprehensive ongoing moniJoring and support program in the industry. For the first year after your new SYNERGY'· system installation. BIOREM will monitor its performance at no additional cost to you. Every three months, you simply collect and sena us a sample of your biofilter media. In our lab, we'll examine:

• pH
• moisture content

• particle size analysis

• nuirient'availa6ility

• mlcro6ial enumeration Our industrial microbiologists can' determine if any trends

### ar~**oc~urring** that could cause problems down the road if left unmonitored. In this way. we can develop a unique preventative maintenance program. It's these small but important details that demonstrate our commitment to you. 

# WHY CHOOSEBIOREM? Satisfied clients all overthe world**~re** using the SYNERGy,,'system from BIOREM. The reasons are simple. First andforemost, we're biotechnologists with the scientific expertise to devel()p the latest breakthroughs in the**biologic~1** treatment of waste air streams. But we don't stop there. We use this knowledge to bring you leading edge biofiltration systems that are customized to your needs. With pilot plants available to gather site specific data, we can fine tune the design of your SYNERGY'· system and guarantee its performance.'

" Our resources include experienced engineers, chemists, industrial microbiologists and state-of-the-art laboratory and research facilities. It all adds up to the most complete service' in the biofiltration in<;!ustry. From. start to finish, BIOREM brings you a low cost, low maintenance, reliable solution to your odor, VOC and H1S control needs. We know you'll be impressed with the SYi'JERGY"biofilter.

For a price quote, a detailed proposal, or for more information on our SYNERGY:·, BASYS'·, or BIOFILTAIR'· systems visit our website at www.bioremtech.com or contact us today at 1-800·353-2087.

Biorem Technologies Inc. 7496 Wellington Road 34, RR#3 Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIH 6H9 Telephone >19.767·.9100 • Fax >19.767.1824 • Email info@&ioremtech.com • www.&ioremtech.com

# ~~ 

# ,..,., BIOREM

HOW TO ELIMINATE PLANT ODOR COMPLAINTS 

## RECEIVED 

## SEP Andrew J. Polcyn Advance Environmental Associates 300 South Second Street St. Charles, MO 6330I 

# DearAndrew: VVednesday;August23,2000

.I have**~nC1osed** the i,nfomiation you requested about the Biorem Technologies Inc. (Biorem) Biofilter systems for the control ofplantodors. Ihope you

### 'n fmd this infomiation useful and thank you for your interest. ' If you've ever thought "I wish I knew of a technology that would eliminate my plant odors without using hazardous chemicals, that was maintenance free and that didn't cost a .fortune to operate?" then the enclosed information describes a technology that can help. '
. As abiotechnology company specializing in the design and installation ofbiomters since 1994, we've developed three distinct biofilter systems for the removal ofodors, VOCs and H,S at wastewater treatmentplants, composting, rendering, chemical, food and ingredientmanufacturing and pet food manufacturing plants all over the country. Biofiltration is a proven technology that involves the biological breakdown ofodorous compounds to water and carbon dioxide.' Plant air streams are collected and passed through a speciaily prepared media where the biodegredation takes place
.. Biofiltration is more reliable than chemical scrubbers and more cost-effective than incineration! Biorem has been on the lea.ding edge ofthe development ofbiofilter technology in North America. VVe can work with you to eliminate odor orVOCs at your site by designIng, building and goaranteeing one ofour:



### •

• 

### • BioultAIRTM

- custom low costhighly effective odourcontrolBiofilter for largeflow rates, BASYSTM

- modularbiofilters infoursizes manufacturedfrom mildsteelorFRP, OR, NEWFOR 7000 our,**.SY1:lERGTI,;\'~;spai:e-saving combi'l(jJiq~:ofalllghly**  effective biofilterwith an efficientafteradsorber! 

# . -**r~~1tt~~~.>i ;·~/~.;i** **Jl~~** 

## . '.
. r systems are defining a','iieW<'staHi:lard ill degj'iidation rates ofodor compounds, H,S and VOCs from

### '4:;~;m,i'"'"-Ca!11 me today at

### (5(~f7§J~91b9:~d:'i;if~ff~~ an appointment orto receive a proposal. 

# ·11,**'"~l'1' ~~~n~~~;:.{f'\"·**  , Director, Sales & Marketing 

### PS Vonlt**~th;;.;.-** 

### opportu.n.a;y

## ro-yed.«ce"yO1M'" 

### odor"/Vc:JC contYol- 

### CcUJ., 

### meo{or**lA/q~** 

### yLffht"Nc:JW!

Blorem Tee'nn%gles Inc. 7496 Wellington Road 34, RR #3, Guelpli, Ontario, Canada. NIH 6H9 Teleplione: (5191 767·9100· Fax: (519) 767-1824· E' mail: hiorem@intrnear.com owww.bioremtecli.com

## Zarook Shareefdeen} Ph.D. Directorof Research


# I Experience Summary Dr. ZarookShareefdeen has extensive experience in

bioflltp research During his PhDprogram. he developedpilot andlaboratory scale biofllters at Hazardous Substance Management Research Center t (HSMRC) atNewJersey Institute Tech..for treating Volatile Organic Compound(VOC) emissions. As an .

assistant Professor in the department of Chemical Engineering at King Fahd University of Pilroleum & Minerals, SaudiArabia hesupervisedseveralgraduate theses andcarriedout fundedresearchprojects related to bioflltration, Prior tojoining Biorem. he has worked at University of California asapostgraduate researcher in aNationalScience Foundation (NSF)fundedproject.

He haspublishedextensively in high quality refereed

journals andpresentedpapers in nationaland international conferences. He 

### has receivedafunded researchproject from National Research Council (NRCCanada)for developing novelsampling techniquesfor biofilterairstreams characterization. . Primary ResponsiblIities + R&D project proposal preparation + Implementing R&D Projects + Management ofR&D Lab. + Research and Engineering Services Education Ph.D
.. in Chemical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), NJ, (1994) Dissertation: "Engineering Alialysis ofa Packed-Bed

Biofilterfor Removal ofVOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Emissions" Post Graduate Research, Department ofChemical and' Environmental Engineering, University ofCalifornia, CA (1999)



# BIOREM Sample Project: BlolilterDesIgner Biofilters for emission control have received considerable attention from industries as an alternative method to corrventional airpollution control technologies. Solutions of biofllter models involve highly sophisticated numerical

. methods. R&D division of Biorem has developed a user-friendly software BIOFILTERdesigner. which enables users of various disciplines to design bioflltersfor VOC emission control easily

.without having to go into complex**math~matics.** Journal Publlcalions Zarook S. M., and A. A. Shaikh, 1997, "Analysis andcomparison ofbioflltermodels", Chemical EngineeringJournal, 65,.55-61. Zarook S. M., A. A. Shaikh and Z. Ansar, 1997, "Bioftltration ofVolatile Organic Compound. (VaC) mixtures under transient conditions", Chemical Engineering Science, 52, No. 21/22, pp4135-4142. Zarook S. M., A. A. Shaikh and S. M. Azam, 1998. "Axialdispersion.in bloft/leTs", Biochemical EngineeringJournal, 1,77-84.
Conference Presentations Zarook S. M. and B. C. Baltzis "Bioflltration of 

### vocmixtures: Modeling and pilotscale experimental verification", Air & Waste ManagementAssociation, Ciricinnati, OH, (June 19-24, 1994). Zarook S. M., A. A. Shaikh "Oxygen Limitations in Biofilters", ChemicalReaction Engineering VI" EngineeringFoundation Conferences, Banff, Alberta, Canada, (June 8-13,1997). Zarook S. M., A. A. Shaikh, A. Adeeb "Effect of FeedandSurrounding Temperatures on the Toluene Remaval in aBiofllter", First international Symposium on Issues in Environmental Pollution, Denver, Colorado, USA (August 23-27, 1998). ProfessIonal Affillations American Chemical Society (ACS) American Institute ofChemical Engineers (AIChE) Air & Waste Management Association (AWMA).