Indenture



 Exhibit 4.5 
  

  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC 
 and 
 QD CAPITAL CORPORATION 
 as Issuers, 
  
 the GUARANTORS named herein 
  
 and 
  
 THE BANK OF NEW YORK, 
 as Trustee 
  

  
 INDENTURE 
  

  
 Dated as of November 13, 2003 
  
 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 
  








 CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE 
  

	 TIA Section

	  	Indenture Section


	 310(a)(1)
	  	7.10
	 (a)(2)
	  	7.10
	 (a)(3)
	  	N.A.
	 (a)(4)
	  	N.A.
	 (a)(5)
	  	7.8; 7.10
	 (b)
	  	7.8; 7.10; 13.2
	 (c)
	  	N.A.
	 311(a)
	  	7.11
	 (b)
	  	7.11
	 (c)
	  	N.A.
	 312(a)
	  	2.5
	 (b)
	  	13.3
	 (c)
	  	13.3
	 313(a)
	  	7.6
	 (b)(1)
	  	7.6
	 (b)(2)
	  	7.6
	 (c)
	  	7.6; 13.2
	 (d)
	  	7.6
	 314(a)
	  	4.8; 4.10
	 (b)
	  	N.A.
	 (c)(1)
	  	7.2; 13.4; 13.5
	 (c)(2)
	  	7.2; 13.4; 13.5
	 (c)(3)
	  	N.A.
	 (d)
	  	N.A.
	 (e)
	  	13.5
	 (f)
	  	N.A.
	 315(a)
	  	7.1(b)
	 (b)
	  	7.5
	 (c)
	  	7.1
	 (d)
	  	6.5; 7.1(c)
	 (e)
	  	6.11
	 316(a)(last sentence)
	  	2.9
	 (a)(1)(A)
	  	6.5
	 (a)(1)(B)
	  	6.4
	 (a)(2)
	  	N.A.
	 (b)
	  	6.7
	 (c)
	  	9.5
	 317(a)(1)
	  	6.8
	 (a)(2)
	  	6.9
	 (b)
	  	2.4
	 318(a)
	  	13.1
	 (c)
	  	13.1


 N.A. means Not Applicable. 

	Note:	This Cross-Reference Table shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of this Indenture. 








 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
  

	 	  	 	  	Page


	 	  	ARTICLE I	  	 
			
	 	  	DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE	  	 
			
	 1.1.
	  	 Definitions.
	  	1
	 1.2.
	  	 Incorporation by Reference of TIA.
	  	37
	 1.3.
	  	 Rules of Construction.
	  	37
			
	 	  	ARTICLE II	  	 
			
	 	  	THE SECURITIES	  	 
			
	 2.1.
	  	 Form and Dating.
	  	38
	 2.2.
	  	 Execution and Authentication.
	  	39
	 2.3.
	  	 Registrar and Paying Agent.
	  	40
	 2.4.
	  	 Paying Agent To Hold Assets in Trust.
	  	40
	 2.5.
	  	 Holder Lists.
	  	41
	 2.6.
	  	 Transfer and Exchange.
	  	41
	 2.7.
	  	 Replacement Securities.
	  	42
	 2.8.
	  	 Outstanding Securities.
	  	43
	 2.9.
	  	 Treasury Securities.
	  	43
	 2.10.
	  	 Temporary Securities.
	  	43
	 2.11.
	  	 Cancellation.
	  	43
	 2.12.
	  	 Defaulted Interest.
	  	44
	 2.13.
	  	 CUSIP and ISIN Numbers.
	  	44
	 2.14.
	  	 Restrictive Legends.
	  	44
	 2.15.
	  	 Book-Entry Provisions For Global Security.
	  	46
	 2.16.
	  	 Special Transfer Provisions.
	  	47
			
	 	  	ARTICLE III	  	 
			
	 	  	REDEMPTION	  	 
			
	 3.1.
	  	 Notices to Trustee.
	  	50
	 3.2.
	  	 Selection of Securities To Be Redeemed.
	  	50
	 3.3.
	  	 Notice of Redemption.
	  	50
	 3.4.
	  	 Effect of Notice of Redemption.
	  	52
	 3.5.
	  	 Deposit of Redemption Price.
	  	52
	 3.6.
	  	 Securities Redeemed In Part.
	  	52

  

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	 	  	 	  	Page


			
	 	  	ARTICLE IV	  	 
			
	 	  	COVENANTS	  	 
			
	 4.1.
	  	 Payment of Securities.
	  	52
	 4.2.
	  	 Maintenance of Office or Agency.
	  	53
	 4.3.
	  	 Limitation On Restricted Payments.
	  	53
	 4.4.
	  	 Limitation on Incurrence of Additional Indebtedness.
	  	58
	 4.5.
	  	 Corporate Existence.
	  	59
	 4.6.
	  	 Payment of Taxes and Other Claims.
	  	59
	 4.7.
	  	 Maintenance of Properties and Insurance.
	  	59
	 4.8.
	  	 Compliance Certificate; Notice of Default.
	  	60
	 4.9.
	  	 Compliance with Laws.
	  	60
	 4.10.
	  	 Reports to Holders.
	  	61
	 4.11.
	  	 Waiver of Stay, Extension or Usury Laws.
	  	61
	 4.12.
	  	 Limitations on Transactions with Affiliates.
	  	62
	 4.13.
	  	 Limitation on Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Subsidiaries.
	  	63
	 4.14.
	  	 Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees By Restricted Subsidiaries.
	  	65
	 4.15.
	  	 Limitation on Liens.
	  	65
	 4.16.
	  	 Change of Control.
	  	66
	 4.17.
	  	 Limitation on Asset Sales.
	  	69
	 4.18.
	  	 Prohibition on Incurrence of Senior Subordinated Debt.
	  	72
	 4.19.
	  	 Future Guarantors.
	  	72
			
	 	  	ARTICLE V	  	 
			
	 	  	SUCCESSOR CORPORATION	  	 
			
	 5.1.
	  	 Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Assets.
	  	73
	 5.2.
	  	 Successor Corporation Substituted.
	  	75
			
	 	  	ARTICLE VI	  	 
			
	 	  	DEFAULT AND REMEDIES	  	 
			
	 6.1.
	  	 Events of Default.
	  	75
	 6.2.
	  	 Acceleration.
	  	77
	 6.3.
	  	 Other Remedies.
	  	77
	 6.4.
	  	 Waiver of Past Defaults.
	  	78
	 6.5.
	  	 Control By Majority.
	  	78
	 6.6.
	  	 Limitation on Suits.
	  	78
	 6.7.
	  	 Rights of Holders To Receive Payment.
	  	79
	 6.8.
	  	 Collection Suit By Trustee.
	  	79
	 6.9.
	  	 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
	  	79
	 6.10.
	  	 Priorities.
	  	79

  

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	 	  	 	  	Page


	 6.11.
	  	 Undertaking For Costs.
	  	80
	 6.12.
	  	 Restoration of Rights and Remedies.
	  	80
	 6.13.
	  	 Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
	  	80
			
	 	  	ARTICLE VII	  	 
			
	 	  	TRUSTEE	  	 
			
	 7.1.
	  	 Duties of Trustee.
	  	81
	 7.2.
	  	 Rights of Trustee.
	  	82
	 7.3.
	  	 Individual Rights of Trustee.
	  	83
	 7.4.
	  	 Trustee’s Disclaimer.
	  	83
	 7.5.
	  	 Notice of Default.
	  	83
	 7.6.
	  	 Reports by Trustee to Holders.
	  	84
	 7.7.
	  	 Compensation and Indemnity.
	  	84
	 7.8.
	  	 Replacement of Trustee.
	  	85
	 7.9.
	  	 Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.
	  	86
	 7.10.
	  	 Eligibility; Disqualification.
	  	86
	 7.11.
	  	 Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Issuers.
	  	86
			
	 	  	ARTICLE VIII	  	 
			
	 	  	DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; DEFEASANCE	  	 
			
	 8.1.
	  	 Termination of the Issuers’ Obligations.
	  	87
	 8.2.
	  	 Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance.
	  	88
	 8.3.
	  	 Conditions To Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.
	  	89
	 8.4.
	  	 Application of Trust Money.
	  	90
	 8.5.
	  	 Repayment To the Issuers.
	  	91
	 8.6.
	  	 Reinstatement.
	  	91
			
	 	  	ARTICLE IX	  	 
			
	 	  	AMENDMENTS, SUPPLEMENTS AND WAIVERS	  	 
			
	 9.1.
	  	 Without Consent of Holders.
	  	92
	 9.2.
	  	 With Consent of Holders.
	  	93
	 9.3.
	  	 Effect on Senior Debt.
	  	94
	 9.4.
	  	 Compliance with TIA.
	  	94
	 9.5.
	  	 Revocation and Effect of Consents.
	  	94
	 9.6.
	  	 Notation on or Exchange of Securities.
	  	95
	 9.7.
	  	 Trustee To Sign Amendments, Etc.
	  	95

  

 -iii- 









	 	  	 	  	Page


			
	 	  	ARTICLE X	  	 
			
	 	  	SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES	  	 
			
	 10.1.
	  	 Securities Subordinated to Senior Debt.
	  	95
	 10.2.
	  	 Suspension of Payment When Senior Debt Is in Default.
	  	96
	 10.3.
	  	 Securities Subordinated to Prior Payment of All Senior Debt on Dissolution, Liquidation or Reorganization of the
Issuers.
	  	 97

	 10.4.
	  	 Payments May Be Paid Prior to Dissolution.
	  	98
	 10.5.
	  	 Holders To Be Subrogated to Rights of Holders of Senior Debt.
	  	99
	 10.6.
	  	 Obligations of the Issuers Unconditional.
	  	99
	 10.7.
	  	 Notice to Trustee.
	  	99
	 10.8.
	  	 Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent.
	  	100
	 10.9.
	  	 Trustee’s Relation to Senior Debt.
	  	100
	 10.10.
	  	 Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of the Issuers or Holders of Senior Debt.
	  	101
	 10.11.
	  	 Securityholders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of Securities.
	  	101
	 10.12.
	  	 This Article Ten Not to Prevent Events of Default.
	  	102
	 10.13.
	  	 Trustee’s Compensation Not Prejudiced.
	  	102
			
	 	  	ARTICLE XI	  	 
			
	 	  	GUARANTEE OF SECURITIES	  	 
			
	 11.1.
	  	 Unconditional Guarantee.
	  	102
	 11.2.
	  	 Limitations on Guarantees.
	  	103
	 11.3.
	  	 Execution and Delivery of Guarantee.
	  	104
	 11.4.
	  	 Release of a Guarantor.
	  	104
	 11.5.
	  	 Waiver of Subrogation.
	  	105
	 11.6.
	  	 Immediate Payment.
	  	105
	 11.7.
	  	 No Setoff.
	  	106
	 11.8.
	  	 Obligations Absolute.
	  	106
	 11.9.
	  	 Obligations Continuing.
	  	106
	 11.10.
	  	 Obligations Not Reduced.
	  	106
	 11.11.
	  	 Obligations Reinstated.
	  	106
	 11.12.
	  	 Obligations Not Affected.
	  	107
	 11.13.
	  	 Waiver.
	  	108
	 11.14.
	  	 No Obligation to Take Action Against the Issuers.
	  	108
	 11.15.
	  	 Dealing with the Issuers and Others.
	  	108
	 11.16.
	  	 Default and Enforcement.
	  	109
	 11.17.
	  	 Amendment, Etc.
	  	109
	 11.18.
	  	 Acknowledgment.
	  	109
	 11.19.
	  	 Costs and Expenses.
	  	109
	 11.20.
	  	 No Merger or Waiver; Cumulative Remedies.
	  	109

  

 -iv- 









	 	  	 	  	Page


	 11.21.
	  	 Survival of Obligations.
	  	109
	 11.22.
	  	 Guarantee in Addition to Other Obligations.
	  	110
	 11.23.
	  	 Severability.
	  	110
	 11.24.
	  	 Successors and Assigns.
	  	110
			
	 	  	ARTICLE XII	  	 
			
	 	  	SUBORDINATION OF SUBSIDIARY GUARANTEE	  	 
			
	 12.1.
	  	 Guarantee Obligations Subordinated to Guarantor Senior Debt.
	  	110
	 12.2.
	  	 Suspension of Guarantee Obligations When Guarantor Senior Debt Is in Default.
	  	111
	 12.3.
	  	 Guarantee Obligations Subordinated To Prior Payment of All Guarantor Senior Debt on Dissolution, Liquidation or Reorganization
of Such Guarantor.
	  	111
	 12.4.
	  	 Payments May Be Paid Prior to Dissolution.
	  	113
	 12.5.
	  	 Holders of Guarantee Obligations to Be Subrogated to Rights of Holders of Guarantor Senior Debt.
	  	113
	 12.6.
	  	 Obligations of the Guarantors Unconditional.
	  	113
	 12.7.
	  	 Notice to Trustee.
	  	114
	 12.8.
	  	 Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent.
	  	114
	 12.9.
	  	 Trustee’s Relation to Guarantor Senior Debt.
	  	115
	 12.10.
	  	 Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of the Guarantors or Holders of Guarantor Senior Debt.
	  	115
	 12.11.
	  	 Holders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of Guarantee Obligations.
	  	116
	 12.12.
	  	 This Article Twelve Not to Prevent Events of Default.
	  	116
	 12.13.
	  	 Trustee’s Compensation Not Prejudiced.
	  	116
			
	 	  	ARTICLE XIII	  	 
			
	 	  	MISCELLANEOUS	  	 
			
	 13.1.
	  	 TIA Controls.
	  	116
	 13.2.
	  	 Notices.
	  	117
	 13.3.
	  	 Communications by Holders with Other Holders.
	  	118
	 13.4.
	  	 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
	  	118
	 13.5.
	  	 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.
	  	118
	 13.6.
	  	 Rules by Trustee, Paying Agent, Registrar.
	  	118
	 13.7.
	  	 Legal Holidays.
	  	119
	 13.8.
	  	 Governing Law.
	  	119
	 13.9.
	  	 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.
	  	119
	 13.10.
	  	 No Recourse Against Others.
	  	119
	 13.11.
	  	 Successors.
	  	119
	 13.12.
	  	 Duplicate Originals.
	  	119
	 13.13.
	  	 Severability.
	  	119

  

 -v- 









	 Exhibit A
	 	-	  	 Form of Initial Note

	 Exhibit B
	 	-	  	 Form of Exchange Note

	 Exhibit C
	 	-	  	 Form of Certificate for Transfers Pursuant to Regulation S

	 Exhibit D
	 	-	  	 Form of Guarantee


  
 Note: This Table of Contents
shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of this Indenture 
  

 -vi- 








 INDENTURE dated as of November 13, 2003 among QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company (the “Company”), and QD CAPITAL CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“QD Capital”, and together with the Company, the “Issuers”), the Guarantors (as defined herein) and THE BANK OF NEW YORK,
as trustee (the “Trustee”). 
  
 The Issuers have
duly authorized the creation of an issue of 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 and, when and if issued as provided in the Registration Rights Agreement in an Exchange Offer, 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 registered under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, and, to provide therefor, the Issuers have duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture. All things necessary to make the Securities, when duly issued and executed by the Issuers and authenticated and
delivered hereunder, the valid and binding obligations of the Issuers and to make this Indenture a valid and binding agreement of the Issuers have been done. 
  
 This Indenture is subject to, and shall be governed by, the mandatory provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the “TIA”), as
amended, that are required to be a part of and to govern indentures qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. 
  
 Each party hereto agrees as follows for the benefit of each other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities:

  
 ARTICLE I 
  
 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
  
 1.1. Definitions. 
  
 “Acceleration Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section
6.2. 
  
 “Acquired Indebtedness” means, with
respect to any specified Person, Indebtedness of such Person or any of its Subsidiaries 
  
 (1) existing at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or at the time it merges or consolidates with the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or 
  
 (2) assumed in connection with the acquisition of assets from such Person 
  
 in each case, not incurred by such Person in connection with, or in contemplation of, such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or such acquisition, merger or consolidation. 
  
 “Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person
who directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person. The term “control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or
cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. “Controlling” and “controlled” shall have correlative meanings. 







 “Affiliate Transaction” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.12(a). 
  
 “Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or co-Registrar.

  
 “Agent Members” has the meaning set forth in
Section 2.15(a). 
  
 “Apollo” means Apollo
Management, L.P. and its Affiliates. 
  
 “Applicable
Premium” means, with respect to a Security, the greater of 
  
 (1) 1.0% of the then outstanding principal amount of such Security, and 
  
 (2) (a) the present value of all remaining required interest and principal payments due on such Security and all premium payments relating
thereto assuming a redemption date of November 15, 2007, computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate plus 50 basis points, minus 
  
 (b) the then outstanding principal amount of such note minus 
  
 (c) accrued interest paid on the date of redemption. 
  
 “Asset Acquisition” means: 
  
 (1) an Investment by the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries in any other Person pursuant to which such Person shall become a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, or shall be merged with or into or consolidated with the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary of the Company; or 
  
 (2) the
acquisition by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of the assets of any Person (other than a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company) which constitute all or substantially all of the assets of such Person or comprise any division or line
of business of such Person or any other properties or assets of such Person other than in the ordinary course of business. 
  
 “Asset Sale” means any direct or indirect sale, issuance, conveyance, transfer, lease (other than operating leases entered into in the
ordinary course of business), assignment or other transfer for value by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, including any Sale and Leaseback Transaction, to any Person other than the Company or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of
the Company of (a) any Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company (other than directors’ qualifying shares); or (b) any other property or assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company other than in the
ordinary course of business. 
  
 Notwithstanding the preceding,
the following items shall not be deemed Asset Sales: 
  
 (1) a transaction or series of related transactions for which the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries receive aggregate consideration of less than $2.0 million; 
  

 -2- 








 (2) the sale or exchange of equipment in connection with the purchase or other
acquisition of other equipment, in each case used in the Company’s business and that of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries; 
  
 (3) the sale, lease, conveyance, disposition or other transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company as permitted under
Section 5.1; 
  
 (4) disposals of tractors and
trailers in connection with the reinvestment in or the replacement of its fleet and disposals of equipment in connection with the reinvestment in or the replacement of its equipment and disposals of worn-out or obsolete equipment, in each case in
the ordinary course of business of the Company or the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries; 
  
 (5) the sale or transfer of accounts receivable pursuant to a Qualified Receivables Transaction; 
  
 (6) sales or grants of licenses to use the Company’s or
any of its Restricted Subsidiaries’ patents, trade secrets, know-how and technology to the extent that such license does not prohibit the licensor from using the patent, trade secret, know-how or technology; 
  
 (7) the disposition of any Capital Stock or other ownership
interest in or assets or property of an Unrestricted Subsidiary; 
  
 (8) any Restricted Payment permitted under Section 4.3 or that constitutes a Permitted Investment; and 
  
 (9) one or more Sale and Leaseback Transactions for which the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company receives aggregate
consideration of less than $15.0 million. 
  
 “Bankruptcy
Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal, state or foreign law for the relief of debtors. 
  
 “Beneficial Owner” has the meaning assigned to such term in Rule 13d-3 and Rule 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, except that in calculating
the beneficial ownership of any particular “person” (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), such “person” shall be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all securities that such “person” has the
right to acquire, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only upon the occurrence of a subsequent condition, regardless of when such right may be exercised. 
  
 “Board of Directors” of any Person means the board of directors, board of managers or equivalent governing
board of such Person or any duly authorized committee thereof. 
  
 “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of any Person to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors of such Person and to be in full force and effect on the
date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. 
  

 -3- 








 “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which
banking institutions in the City of New York are required or authorized by law or other governmental action to be closed. 
  
 “Capitalized Lease Obligation” means, at the time any determination thereof is to be made, the amount of the liability of a Person under
a capital lease that would at that time be required to be capitalized on a balance sheet in accordance with GAAP, with the stated maturity being the date of the last payment of rent or any other amount due under such lease prior to the first date
upon which such lease may be prepaid by the lessee without payment of a penalty. 
  
 “Capital Stock” means: 
  
 (1) in the case of a corporation, any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents (however designated and whether or not voting) of corporate stock including
each class of Common Stock and Preferred Stock of such corporation or options to purchase the same; and 
  
 (2) with respect to any other Person, any and all partnership, membership, limited liability company interests or other equity interests
of such Person. 
  
 “Cash Equivalents” means:

  
 (1) U.S. dollars and, in the case of any of
the Company’s Foreign Restricted Subsidiaries, Canadian dollars, Mexican pesos and such other local currencies held by them from time to time in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (2) marketable direct obligations issued by, or unconditionally guaranteed by, the United States or Canada
or issued by any agency of those countries and backed by the full faith and credit of the respective country, in each case maturing within one year from the date of acquisition thereof; 
  
 (3) marketable direct obligations issued by any State of the United States of America or any political
subdivision of any such State or any public instrumentality maturing within one year from the date of acquisition and, at the time of acquisition, having one of the two highest ratings obtainable from either Standard & Poor’s Ratings
Services (“S&P”) or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or, if Moody’s and S&P cease to exist, any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization designated by the
Company’s Board of Directors; 
  
 (4)
commercial paper maturing no more than one year from the date it is created and, at the time of acquisition, having a rating of at least A-1 from S&P or at least P-1 from Moody’s or, if Moody’s and S&P cease to exist, the
equivalent from any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization designated by the Company’s Board of Directors; 
  
 (5) time deposits, certificates of deposit or bankers’ acceptances maturing within one year from the date of acquisition issued by
any bank organized under the laws 

  

 -4- 








 
of the United States of America or any state thereof or the District of Columbia or any foreign jurisdiction having at the date of acquisition combined
capital and surplus of at least $250.0 million; 
  
 (6) repurchase obligations with a term of not more than thirty days for underlying securities of the types described in clause (2) above entered into with any bank meeting the qualifications specified in clause (5) above; 
  
 (7) investments in money market funds which invest
substantially all their assets in securities of the types described in clauses (2) through (6) above; and 
  
 (8) overnight deposits and demand deposit accounts (in the respective local currencies) maintained in the ordinary course of business;

  
 provided that for purposes of the subordination provisions contained in
Articles X and XII of this Indenture, the term “Cash Equivalents” shall not include the cash equivalents referred to in clause (6) above or cash denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars. 
  
 “Change of Control” means the occurrence of one or more of
the following: 
  
 (1) any sale, lease, exchange,
conveyance, disposition or other transfer, in one transaction or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to any Person or group of related Persons for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act
(a “Group”), together with any Affiliates thereof (whether or not otherwise in compliance with the provisions of this Indenture), other than to the Permitted Holders; 
  
 (2) any approval, adoption or initiation of a plan or proposal for the Company’s or QD Capital’s
liquidation or dissolution; 
  
 (3) any Person or
Group, together with any Affiliates thereof, other than the Permitted Holders, shall become the Beneficial Owner or owner of record, by way of merger, consolidation or other business combinations or by purchase in one transaction or a series of
related transactions, of shares representing more than 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding Capital Stock of the Company or QD Inc.; or 
  
 (4) any Person or Group, together with any Affiliates or Related Persons thereof, other than Permitted
Holders, shall succeed in having a sufficient number of its nominees elected to the Board of Directors of the Company or QD Inc. such that such nominees, when added to any existing director remaining on the Board of Directors of the Company or QD
Inc. after such election who was a nominee of or is an Affiliate or Related Person of such Person or Group, will constitute a majority of the Board of Directors of the Company or QD Inc. 
  
 “Change of Control Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.16(c). 
  
 “Change of Control Offer” has the meaning set forth in
Section 4.16(a). 
  

 -5- 








 “Change of Control Payment Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.16(a).

  
 “Commission” means the Securities and
Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act or, with respect to the Commission’s duties under the TIA, if at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and
performing the duties now assigned to it under the TIA, then the body performing such duties at such time. 
  
 “Commodity Agreement” means any commodity futures contract, commodity option or other similar agreement or arrangement entered into by
the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries designed to protect the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries against fluctuations in the price of the commodities at the time used in the ordinary course of the Company’s business or
the business of any of its Restricted Subsidiaries. 
  
 “Common Stock” means, with respect to any Person, any and all shares, interests or other participations in, and other equivalents (however designated and whether voting or nonvoting) of, such Person’s common stock,
whether outstanding on the Issue Date or issued after the Issue Date, including all series and classes of such common stock. 
  
 “Company” means the party named as such in this Indenture until a successor replaces it pursuant to this Indenture and thereafter shall
mean such successor Person. 
  
 “Consolidated
EBITDA” means, with respect to any Person, for any period, the sum (without duplication) of: 
  
 (1) Consolidated Net Income; 
  
 (2) to the extent Consolidated Net Income has been reduced by the following, 
  
 (a) all income taxes of such Person and its Restricted
Subsidiaries paid or accrued in accordance with GAAP for such period (other than income taxes attributable to extraordinary, unusual or nonrecurring gains or losses), 
  
 (b) Consolidated Interest Expense, and 
  
 (c) Consolidated Non-cash Charges less any non-cash items increasing Consolidated Net Income for such
period; and 
  
 (3) fees and expenses related to,
or being paid concurrently with the consummation of, the Transactions and fees and expenses related to similar financing transactions that occurred prior to the Issue Date, whether or not consummated, 
  
 in the case of clauses (1), (2)(a), (2)(b) and (2)(c), as determined on a consolidated basis
for such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP. 
  
 “Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio” means, with respect to any Person, the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA of such Person during the four full fiscal quarters for which financial statements are
available (the “Four Quarter Period”) ending on or prior to the date of the transaction 

  

 -6- 








 
giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (the “Transaction Date”) to Consolidated Fixed Charges of
such Person for the Four Quarter Period. In addition to and without limitation of the foregoing, for purposes of this definition, “Consolidated EBITDA” and “Consolidated Fixed Charges” shall be calculated after giving effect on a
pro forma basis (consistent with the provisions below) for the period of such calculation to: 
  
 (1) the incurrence or repayment of any Indebtedness of such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (and the application of the
proceeds thereof) giving rise to the need to make such calculation and any incurrence or repayment of other Indebtedness (and the application of the proceeds thereof), other than the incurrence or repayment of Indebtedness in the ordinary course of
business for working capital purposes pursuant to working capital facilities, occurring during the Four Quarter Period or at any time subsequent to the last day of the Four Quarter Period and on or prior to the Transaction Date, as if such
incurrence or repayment, as the case may be (and the application of the proceeds thereof), occurred on the first day of the Four Quarter Period; 
  
 (2) any asset sales or other dispositions or Asset Acquisitions (including, without limitation, any Asset Acquisition giving rise to the
need to make such calculation as a result of such Person or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries (including any Person who becomes a Restricted Subsidiary as a result of the Asset Acquisition) incurring, assuming or otherwise being liable for Acquired
Indebtedness and also including any Consolidated EBITDA (including any pro forma expense and cost reductions, adjustments and other operating improvements or synergies both achieved by such Person during such period and to be achieved by such Person
and with respect to the acquired assets, all as determined in good faith by a responsible financial or accounting officer) attributable to the assets which are the subject of the Asset Acquisition or asset sale or other disposition during the Four
Quarter Period) occurring during the Four Quarter Period or at any time subsequent to the last day of the Four Quarter Period and on or prior to the Transaction Date, as if such asset sale or other disposition or Asset Acquisition (including the
incurrence, assumption or liability for any such Acquired Indebtedness) occurred on the first day of the Four Quarter Period. If such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries directly or indirectly guarantees Indebtedness of a third Person, the
preceding sentence shall give effect to the incurrence of such guaranteed Indebtedness as if such Person or any Restricted Subsidiary of such Person had directly incurred or otherwise assumed such guaranteed Indebtedness; and 
  
 (3) all adjustments to net income (or loss) used in
connection with the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA as set forth in the Offering Circular to the extent such adjustments are not fully reflected in such Four Quarter Period and continue to be applicable. 
  
 Furthermore, in calculating “Consolidated Fixed Charges” for
purposes of determining the denominator (but not the numerator) of this “Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio,” 
  
 (1) interest on outstanding Indebtedness determined on a fluctuating basis as of the Transaction Date and which will continue to be so
determined thereafter shall be deemed to have accrued at a fixed rate per annum equal to the rate of interest on such Indebtedness in effect on the Transaction Date; and 
  

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 (2) notwithstanding clause (1) above, interest on Indebtedness determined on a
fluctuating basis, to the extent such interest is covered by agreements relating to Interest Swap Obligations or Currency Agreements, shall be deemed to accrue at the rate per annum resulting after giving effect to the operation of such agreements.

  
 “Consolidated Fixed Charges” means, with
respect to any Person for any period, the sum, without duplication, of: 
  
 (1) Consolidated Interest Expense (excluding amortization or write-off of deferred financing costs), plus 
  
 (2) the product of (x) the amount of all dividend payments on any series of Preferred Stock of such Person or its Restricted Subsidiaries
(other than dividends paid in Qualified Capital Stock) paid, accrued or scheduled to be paid or accrued during such period times (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is one minus the then current effective
consolidated federal, state and local income tax rate of such Person, expressed as a decimal. 
  
 “Consolidated Interest Expense” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the sum of, without duplication: 
  
 (1) the aggregate of the interest expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period
determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, including, without limitation, 
  
 (a) any amortization of debt discount and amortization or write-off of deferred financing costs (including the amortization of costs
relating to interest rate caps or other similar agreements), 
  
 (b) the net costs under Interest Swap Obligations, 
  
 (c) all capitalized interest and 
  
 (d) the interest portion of any deferred payment obligation; and 
  
 (2) the interest component of Capitalized Lease Obligations paid, accrued and/or scheduled to be paid or
accrued by such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries during such period as determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, minus interest income for such period. 
  

 -8- 








 “Consolidated Net Income” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the
aggregate net income (or loss) of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period on a consolidated basis, determined in accordance with GAAP; provided that there shall be excluded therefrom: 
  
 (1) after-tax gains or losses from Asset Sales (without
regard to the $2.0 million limitation set forth in the definition thereof) or abandonments or reserves relating thereto; 
  
 (2) after-tax items which are extraordinary gains or losses or nonrecurring gains, losses, expenses or income; 
  
 (3) the net income (but not loss) of any Restricted
Subsidiary of the referent Person to the extent that the declaration of dividends or similar distributions by that Restricted Subsidiary of that income is prohibited by contract, operation of law or otherwise; 
  
 (4) the net income of any Person, other than a Restricted
Subsidiary of the referent Person, except to the extent of cash dividends or distributions paid to the referent Person or to a Restricted Subsidiary of the referent Person by such Person; 
  
 (5) the establishment of accruals and reserves within twelve
months after the Issue Date that are required to be so established in accordance with GAAP; 
  
 (6) income or loss attributable to discontinued operations (including, without limitation, operations disposed of during such period
whether or not such operations were classified as discontinued); 
  
 (7) in the case of a successor to the referent Person by consolidation or merger or as a transferee of the referent Person’s assets, any earnings of the successor corporation prior to such consolidation, merger
or transfer of assets; 
  
 (8) the amount of
dividends, other distributions or amounts paid by the Company to QD Inc. in reliance on clause (14) of the second paragraph of Section 4.3; and 
  
 (9) the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles. 
  
 “Consolidated Non-cash Charges” means, with respect to any Person for any period, the aggregate
depreciation, amortization and other non-cash expenses (solely for the purpose of determining compliance with Section 4.3, excluding any non-cash items for which a future cash payment will be required and for which an accrual or reserve is required
by GAAP to be made) of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries reducing Consolidated Net Income of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. 
  
 “Convertible Subordinated Notes” means promissory notes
issued by QD Inc. to management of any Person acquired by QD Inc. or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries after the Issue Date, which promissory notes (i) shall be convertible into Common Stock of QD Inc. on the terms provided therein and (ii) shall
be subordinated in right of payment to QD Inc.’s Guarantee. 
  
 “Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which the corporate trust business of the Trustee shall, at any particular time, be principally administered, which office is, at the date of this Indenture,
located at c/o The Bank of New York, 101 Barclay Street, 8th Floor West, New York, New York 10286, Attention: Corporate Trust Department/Quality Distribution. 
  

 -9- 








 “Covenant Defeasance” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.2(c). 
  
 “Credit Agreement” means the Credit Agreement, dated as of
the Issue Date, by and among the Company, QD Inc., or one or more of the Company’s Subsidiaries, the lenders party thereto in their capacities as lenders thereunder and Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, as administrative agent, together with the
related documents thereto (including, without limitation, any guarantee agreements and security documents), in each case as such agreements may be amended (including any amendment and restatement thereof), supplemented or otherwise modified from
time to time, including one or more credit agreements, loan agreements, indentures or similar agreements extending the maturity of, refinancing, replacing or otherwise restructuring (including increasing the amount of available borrowings thereunder
or adding Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company as additional borrowers or guarantors thereunder) all or any portion of the Indebtedness under such agreement or agreements or any successor or replacement agreement or agreements and whether by the
same or any other agent, lender or group of lenders. 
  
 “Currency Agreement” means any foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company against fluctuations in
currency values. 
  
 “Custodian” means any
receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, sequestrator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law. 
  
 “Default” means an event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default. 

 
 “Depository” shall mean The Depository Trust Company, New
York, New York, or a successor thereto registered under the Exchange Act or other applicable statute or regulation. 
  
 “Designated Senior Debt” means: 
  
 (1) Indebtedness under or in respect of the Credit Agreement; and 
  
 (2) any other Indebtedness constituting Senior Debt which, at the time of determination, has an aggregate
principal amount of at least $25.0 million and is specifically designated in the instrument or agreement evidencing such Senior Debt as “Designated Senior Debt” by the Company. 
  
 “Disqualified Capital Stock” means that portion of any Capital Stock which, by its terms (or by the terms
of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable at the option of the holder thereof), or upon the happening of any event (other than an event which would constitute a Change of Control or an Asset Sale), matures or is
mandatorily redeemable, pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, or is redeemable at the sole option of the holder thereof (except, in each case, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control or an Asset 

  

 -10- 








 
Sale) on or prior to the final maturity date of the Securities; provided that any class of Capital Stock of such Person that by its terms authorizes
such Person to satisfy its obligations thereunder by delivery of Qualified Capital Stock shall not be deemed Disqualified Capital Stock. 
  
 “Domestic Restricted Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company incorporated or otherwise organized or existing under the
laws of the United States, any State or the District of Columbia. 
  
 “Equity Offering” means a public or private sale of Qualified Capital Stock (other than on Form S-8) of the Company or QD Inc. or any other direct or indirect parent of the Company; provided that with respect to any
Equity Offering by QD Inc. or any such other direct or indirect parent of the Company, such person contributes the net cash proceeds from such Equity Offering to the Company. 
  
 “Event of Default” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1. 
  
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or any successor statutes. 
  
 “Exchange
Notes” means the 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 (the terms of which are identical to the Initial Notes except that the Exchange Notes shall be registered under the Securities Act, and shall not contain the restrictive legend on the
face of the form of the Initial Notes), to be issued in exchange for the Initial Notes pursuant to the registered Exchange Offer. 
  
 “Exchange Offer” means the registration by the Company under the Securities Act pursuant to a registration statement of the offer by the
Company to each Holder of the Initial Notes to exchange all the Initial Notes held by such Holder for the Exchange Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Initial Notes held by such Holder, all in
accordance with the terms and conditions of the Registration Rights Agreement. 
  
 “Excluded Contribution” means Net Cash Proceeds received by the Company from (a) contributions to the Company’s common equity capital and (b) the sale of the Company’s Qualified Capital
Stock, in each case designated as Excluded Contributions pursuant to an Officers’ Certificate executed on the date such capital contributions are made or the date such Qualified Capital Stock is sold, as the case may be, which are excluded from
the calculation set forth in clause (c) of the first paragraph of Section 4.3 
  
 “fair market value” means with respect to any asset or property, the price which could be negotiated in an arm’s-length, free market transaction, for cash, between a willing seller and a willing
and able buyer, neither of whom is under undue pressure or compulsion to complete the transaction. Fair market value shall be determined conclusively by the Company’s Board of Directors acting reasonably and in good faith and shall be evidenced
by a Board Resolution of the Company’s Board of Directors delivered to the Trustee. 
  
 “Foreign Restricted Subsidiary” means any of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries organized in any jurisdiction outside of the United States. 
  

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 “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and
pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as may be
approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession of the United States, which are in effect as of the Issue Date. 
  
 “Global Security” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1. 
  
 “guarantee” means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any Person directly or indirectly
guaranteeing any Indebtedness of any other Person, including any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person 
  
 (1) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness of such other Person (whether arising
by virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services (unless such purchase arrangements are on arm’s-length terms and are entered into in the ordinary course of business), to
take-or-pay or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise), or 
  
 (2) entered into for purposes of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Indebtedness of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part). 
  
 Notwithstanding the preceding, “guarantee” does not include endorsements for
collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The term “guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning. 
  
 “Guarantee” means the guarantee by each Guarantor of the Issuers’ Obligations under the Securities and this Indenture. 

 
 “Guaranteed Indebtedness” has the meaning set forth in
Section 4.14. 
  
 “Guarantor” means: 

 
 (1) QD Inc.; 
  
 (2) each Domestic Restricted Subsidiary on the Issue Date;

  
 (3) each Restricted Subsidiary required to
execute and deliver a Guarantee pursuant to Section 4.14 and Section 4.19; and 
  
 (4) each of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries that in the future executes and delivers a supplemental indenture and a Guarantee
pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary agrees to be bound by the terms of this Indenture as a Guarantor, 
  
 provided that any Person constituting a Guarantor as described above shall cease to constitute a Guarantor when its respective Guarantee is released in accordance with the terms of this Indenture. 

 

 -12- 








 “Guarantor Senior Debt” means, with respect to any Guarantor, the principal of, premium,
if any, and interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a petition of bankruptcy at the rate provided for in the documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable law) on
any Indebtedness of a Guarantor, whether outstanding on the Issue Date or created, incurred or assumed after the Issue Date, unless, in the case of any particular Indebtedness, the instrument creating or evidencing the Indebtedness or pursuant to
which the Indebtedness is outstanding expressly provides that such Indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the Guarantee of such Guarantor. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, “Guarantor Senior Debt” shall
also include the principal of, premium, if any, interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a petition of bankruptcy at the rate provided for in the documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an
allowed claim under applicable law) on, and all other amounts owing by any Guarantor in respect of, (a) all monetary obligations of every nature of a Guarantor under, or with respect to, the Credit Agreement, including, without limitation,
obligations to pay principal, premium and interest, reimbursement obligations under letters of credit, fees, expenses and indemnities (including guarantees thereof); (b) all Interest Swap Obligations (including guarantees thereof); and (c) all
obligations under Currency Agreements (including guarantees thereof), in each case whether outstanding on or incurred after the Issue Date. 
  
 Notwithstanding the preceding, “Guarantor Senior Debt” shall not include: 
  
 (1) any Indebtedness of such Guarantor to a Restricted Subsidiary of such Guarantor; 
  
 (2) Indebtedness to, or guaranteed on behalf of, any
director, manager, officer or employee of such Guarantor or any director, manager, officer or employee of any Subsidiary of such Guarantor (including, without limitation, amounts owed for compensation); 
  
 (3) Indebtedness or other liabilities to trade creditors and
other amounts incurred in connection with obtaining goods, materials or services (other than if incurred under the Credit Agreement); 
  
 (4) Indebtedness represented by Disqualified Capital Stock; 
  
 (5) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by such Guarantor; 
  
 (6) that portion of any Indebtedness incurred in violation
of Section 4.4; provided that (x) as to any such obligation, no such violation shall be deemed to exist for purposes of this clause (6) if the holder(s) of such obligation or their representative shall have received an officer’s
certificate of (or representation or warranty from) the Company to the effect that the incurrence of such Indebtedness does not (or, in the case of revolving credit Indebtedness, that the incurrence of the entire committed amount thereof at the date
on which the initial borrowing thereunder is made would not) violate such provisions of this Indenture and (y) any revolving Indebtedness under the Credit Agreement (or guarantee Indebtedness in respect thereof) incurred in violation of Section 4.4
as a result 

  

 -13- 








 
of the application of the first proviso appearing in clause (2) of the definition of “Permitted Debt” shall not be excluded from Guarantor Senior
Debt, so long as such Indebtedness was extended in good faith to such Guarantor; 
  
 (7) with respect to any Guarantor, that portion of Indebtedness which, when incurred and without respect to any election under Section
1111(b) of Title 11, United States Code, is without recourse to the Company, QD Capital or any Guarantor; 
  
 (8) with respect to any Guarantor, that portion of Indebtedness or other Obligation which is, by its express terms, subordinated in right
of payment to any other Indebtedness or other Obligation of such Guarantor; and 
  
 (9) any Obligations of such Guarantor under, or relating to, the Subordinated Secured Notes (by way of guarantee or otherwise) which may
be included (or deemed to be included) under the Credit Agreement as a result of the inclusion of security documents (which specifically cover such Obligations) in the definition of Credit Agreement; 
  
 provided, if any Guarantor Senior Debt is disallowed under Section 548 of Title 11,
United States Code, or any applicable state fraudulent conveyance law, such Guarantor Senior Debt shall nevertheless constitute Guarantor Senior Debt for all purposes of this Indenture. 
  
 “Holder” or “Securityholder” means the registered holder of any Security. 
  
 “Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person, without
duplication: 
  
 (1) all Obligations of such
Person for borrowed money, including, without limitation, Senior Debt; 
  
 (2) all Obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments; 
  
 (3) all Capitalized Lease Obligations of such Person; 
  
 (4) the deferred and unpaid purchase price of property, all conditional sale obligations and all Obligations
under any title retention agreement, but excluding trade accounts payable and other accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (5) all Obligations of such Person for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance or similar
credit transaction; 
  
 (6) guarantees and other
contingent Obligations of such Person in respect of Indebtedness referred to in clauses (1) through (5) above and clause (8) below; 
  
 (7) all Obligations of any other Person of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (6) which are secured by any Lien on any property
or asset of such Person, the amount of such Obligations being deemed to be the lesser of the fair market value of such property or asset or the amount of the Obligation so secured; 
  

 -14- 








 (8) all Obligations under Currency Agreements or Commodity Agreements and Interest Swap
Obligations of such Person; and 
  
 (9) all
Disqualified Capital Stock issued by such Person with the amount of Indebtedness represented by such Disqualified Capital Stock being equal to the greater of its voluntary or involuntary liquidation preference and its maximum fixed repurchase price,
but excluding accrued dividends, if any. 
  
 For purposes of this
definition of Indebtedness, the “maximum fixed repurchase price” of any Disqualified Capital Stock which does not have a fixed repurchase price shall be calculated in accordance with the terms of such Disqualified Capital Stock as if such
Disqualified Capital Stock were purchased on any date on which Indebtedness shall be required to be determined pursuant to this Indenture, and if such price is based upon, or measured by, the fair market value of such Disqualified Capital Stock,
such fair market value shall be determined reasonably and in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company of such Disqualified Capital Stock. For purposes of Section 4.4, in determining the principal amount of any Indebtedness to be incurred
by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or which is outstanding at any date, the principal amount of any Indebtedness which provides that an amount less than the principal amount thereof shall be due upon any declaration of acceleration shall be
the accreted value thereof at the date of determination. 
  
 “Indenture” means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof. 
  
 “Independent Financial Advisor” means a firm: 
  

(1) which does not have a direct or indirect common equity interest in the Company; and 
  
 (2) which, in the judgment of the Company’s Board of
Directors, is otherwise independent and qualified to perform the task for which it is to be engaged. 
  
 “Initial Notes” means the 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 of the Issuers issued on the Issue Date and authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture pursuant to Section 2.2 and any other notes (other than Exchange Notes) issued after the Issue Date in accordance with clause (iii) of the fourth paragraph of Section 2.2. 
  
 “Interest Payment Date” means the stated maturity of an
installment of interest on the Securities. 
  
 “Interest
Swap Obligations” means the obligations of any Person pursuant to any arrangement with any other Person, whereby, directly or indirectly, such Person is entitled to receive from time to time periodic payments calculated by applying either a
floating or a fixed rate of interest on a stated notional amount in exchange for periodic payments made by such other Person calculated by applying a fixed or a floating rate of interest on the same notional amount and shall include, without
limitation, interest rate swaps, caps, floors, collars and similar agreements. 
  

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 “Investment” means, with respect to any Person, any direct or indirect loan or other
extension of credit, including a guarantee, or capital contribution to (by means of any transfer of cash or other property to others or any payment for property or services for the account or use of others), or any purchase or acquisition by such
Person of any Capital Stock, bonds, notes, debentures or other securities or evidences of Indebtedness issued by, any Person. “Investment” shall exclude extensions of trade credit by, prepayment of expenses by, and receivables owing to,
the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries on commercially reasonable terms in accordance with the Company’s normal trade practices or those of such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be. For purposes of Section 4.3: 
  
 (1) “Investment” shall include and be valued at
the fair market value of the net assets of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company at the time that such Restricted Subsidiary is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary of the Company and shall exclude the fair market value of the net assets of any
Unrestricted Subsidiary of the Company at the time that such Unrestricted Subsidiary is designated a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; and 
  
 (2) the amount of any Investment shall be the original cost of such Investment plus the cost of all additional Investments by the Company
or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, without any adjustments for increases or decreases in value, or write-ups, write-downs or write-offs with respect to such Investment, reduced by the payment of dividends or distributions in connection with such
Investment or any other amounts received in respect of such Investment; provided that no such payment of dividends or distributions or receipt of any such other amounts shall reduce the amount of any Investment if such payment of dividends or
distributions or receipt of any such amounts would be included in Consolidated Net Income. 
  
 If the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company sells or otherwise disposes of any Common Stock of any direct or indirect Restricted Subsidiary of the Company such that, after giving effect to any such sale
or disposition, such Person ceases to be a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, the Company shall be deemed to have made an Investment on the date of any such sale or disposition equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock of that Restricted
Subsidiary not sold or disposed of. 
  
 “Issue
Date” means November 13, 2003, the date of original issuance of the Initial Notes. 
  
 “Issuers” means the Company and QD Capital. 
  
 “Legal Defeasance” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.2(b). 
  
 “Lien” means any lien, mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, security interest, charge or encumbrance of any kind, including any conditional
sale or other title retention agreement, any lease in the nature thereof and any agreement to give any security interest. 
  
 “Maturity Date” means November 15, 2010. 
  

 -16- 








 “Net Cash Proceeds” means (a) with respect to any Asset Sale, the proceeds in the form
of cash or Cash Equivalents including payments in respect of deferred payment obligations when received in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents (other than the portion of any such deferred payment constituting interest) received by the Company or
any of its Restricted Subsidiaries from such Asset Sale net of: 
  
 (1) reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and fees relating to such Asset Sale (including, without limitation, legal, accounting and investment banking fees and sales commissions); 
  
 (2) taxes paid or payable after taking into account any
reduction in consolidated tax liability due to available tax credits or deductions and any tax sharing arrangements; 
  
 (3) any repayment of Indebtedness that is required to be repaid in connection with such Asset Sale; 
  
 (4) appropriate amounts to be provided by the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, as the case may be, as a reserve, in accordance with GAAP, against any liabilities associated with such Asset Sale and retained by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, after such Asset
Sale, including, without limitation, pension and other post-employment benefit liabilities, liabilities related to environmental matters and liabilities under any indemnification obligations associated with such Asset Sale; and 
  
 (5) all distributions and other payments required to be made
to minority interest holders in Restricted Subsidiaries or joint ventures as a result of such Asset Sale; 
  
 and (b) with respect to any issuance or sale of Capital Stock, the cash proceeds of such issuance or sale, net of attorneys’ fees, accountants’ fees, underwriters’ or placement agents’ or initial
purchasers’ fees, discounts or commissions and brokerage, consultant and other fees and expenses actually incurred in connection with such issuance or sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof. 
  
 “Net Proceeds Offer” has the meaning set forth in Section
4.17. 
  
 “Net Proceeds Offer Amount” has the
meaning set forth in Section 4.17. 
  
 “Net Proceeds Offer
Payment Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.17. 
  
 “Net Proceeds Offer Trigger Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.17. 
  
 “New Domestic Restricted Subsidiary” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.19. 
  
 “Non-payment Default” has the meaning set forth in Section
10.2(b). 
  
 “Non-U.S. Person” means a person who
is not a “U.S. Person” (as defined in Regulation S). 
  

 -17- 








 “Obligations” means all obligations for principal, premium, interest, penalties, fees,
indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities payable under the documentation governing any Indebtedness (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a petition of bankruptcy at that rate provided for in the
documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable law). 
  
 “Offering Circular” means the Offering Circular dated November 6, 2003 relating to the offering of the Initial Notes. 
  
 “Officer” means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of
the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Controller, the Treasurer or the Secretary of such Person. 
  
 “Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers an Issuer or of any Guarantor, as
applicable, except that an authentication order pursuant to Section 2.2 may be signed by only one such Officer. 
  
 “Offshore Global Securities” has the meaning provided in Section 2.1. 
  
 “Offshore Physical Securities” has the meaning provided in Section 2.1. 
  
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal
counsel, which opinion and counsel are reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 
  
 “Option Plan” means (i) the 1998 Stock Option Plan of QD Inc., (ii) the 2003 Stock Option Plan of QD Inc. adopted by QD Inc. on November 5, 2003 with respect to an aggregate of 2,210,000 shares of QD
Inc.’s Common Stock, and (iii) the Restricted Stock Plan of QD Inc. adopted by QD Inc. on November 5, 2003 with respect to an aggregate of 500,000 shares, in each case as the same may be amended from time to time in any manner that is not
materially adverse to the holders of the Securities. 
  
 “Paying Agent” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3. 
  
 “Payment Blockage Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(b). 
  
 “Payment Default” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a). 
  
 “pay the Securities” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a). 
  
 “Permanent Offshore Global Securities” has the meaning
provided in Section 2.1. 
  
 “Permitted Business”
means the business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries as existing on the Issue Date and any other businesses that are the same, similar or reasonably related, ancillary or complementary thereto and reasonable extensions thereof.

  
 “Permitted Holders” means Apollo and other
Related Parties. 
  

 -18- 








 “Permitted Indebtedness” means, without duplication, each of the following: 

 
 (1) Indebtedness under the Securities in an aggregate
principal amount not to exceed $125 million and any Guarantees thereof; 
  
 (2) Indebtedness incurred pursuant to the Credit Agreement in an aggregate principal amount at any time outstanding not to exceed $235.0 million less the amount of all repayments of term debt and permanent commitment
reductions actually made under the Credit Agreement after the Issue Date with Net Cash Proceeds of Asset Sales applied thereto as required by Section 4.17(iii); provided that the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness permitted to be
incurred from time to time under this clause (2) shall be reduced dollar for dollar by the amount of any Indebtedness then outstanding under clause (12) below; and provided, further, that any Indebtedness incurred pursuant to the
Credit Agreement on the Issue Date shall be deemed to be incurred under this clause (2); and provided, further, that the amount of Indebtedness permitted to be incurred pursuant to the Credit Agreement in accordance with this clause
(2) shall be in addition to any Indebtedness to be incurred pursuant to the Credit Agreement in reliance on and in accordance with clauses (10) and (16) below; 
  

(3) other Indebtedness of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding on the Issue Date reduced by the amount of any
scheduled amortization payments or mandatory prepayments when actually paid or permanent reductions therein; provided that in the case of Indebtedness outstanding on the Issue Date consisting of the Subordinated Notes and the Subordinated
Secured Notes, concurrently with the offering of the Initial Notes on the Issue Date, irrevocable notices of redemption have been issued to all holders of the Subordinated Notes and the Subordinated Secured Notes in accordance with the respective
indentures governing the Subordinated Notes and the Subordinated Secured Notes; 
  
 (4) Interest Swap Obligations of the Company covering Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and Interest Swap
Obligations of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company covering Indebtedness of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such Interest Swap Obligations are entered into to protect the Company and/or its
Restricted Subsidiaries from fluctuations in interest rates on Indebtedness incurred in accordance with this Indenture to the extent the notional principal amount of such Interest Swap Obligation does not exceed the principal amount of the
Indebtedness to which such Interest Swap Obligation relates; 
  
 (5) Indebtedness under Currency Agreements; provided that in the case of Currency Agreements which relate to Indebtedness, such Currency Agreements do not increase the Indebtedness of the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding other than as a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates or by reason of fees, indemnities and compensation payable thereunder; 
  
 (6) Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company to the Company or to a Restricted Subsidiary of
the Company for so long as such Indebtedness is held by the Company, a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or the lenders or collateral agent under the Credit Agreement, in each case subject to no Lien held by a Person other than the Company, a
Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or the lenders or collateral agent 

  

 -19- 








 
under the Credit Agreement; provided that if as of any date any Person other than the Company, a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or the lenders
or collateral agent under the Credit Agreement owns or holds any such Indebtedness or holds a Lien in respect of such Indebtedness, such date shall be deemed the incurrence of Indebtedness not constituting Permitted Indebtedness under this clause
(6) by the issuer of such Indebtedness; 
  
 (7)
Indebtedness of the Company to a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company for so long as such Indebtedness is held by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or the lenders or the collateral agent under the Credit Agreement and is subject to no Lien
other than a Lien in favor of the lenders or collateral agent under the Credit Agreement; provided that (a) any Indebtedness of the Company to any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company is unsecured and subordinated, pursuant to a written
agreement, to the Company’s obligations under this Indenture and the Securities and (b) if as of any date any Person other than a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company owns or holds any such Indebtedness or any Person holds a Lien other than a
Lien in favor of the lenders or collateral agent under the Credit Agreement in respect of such Indebtedness, such date shall be deemed the incurrence of Indebtedness not constituting Permitted Indebtedness under this clause (7) by the Company;

  
 (8) Indebtedness arising from the honoring by
a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or similar instrument inadvertently (except in the case of daylight overdrafts) drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business; provided, however, that such
Indebtedness is extinguished within two Business Days of incurrence; 
  
 (9) Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of performance bonds, bankers’ acceptances, workers’ compensation claims, surety or appeal bonds, payment obligations in
connection with self-insurance or similar obligations, and bank overdrafts (and letters of credit in respect thereof); 
  
 (10) Indebtedness represented by Capitalized Lease Obligations, Purchase Money Indebtedness or Acquired Indebtedness of the Company and
its Restricted Subsidiaries not to exceed $20.0 million in the aggregate at any one time outstanding; provided that all or a portion of the $20.0 million permitted to be incurred under this clause (10) may, at the option of the Company, be
incurred under the Credit Agreement or pursuant to clause (16) below (in addition to the amount set forth therein) instead of pursuant to Capitalized Lease Obligations, Purchase Money Indebtedness or Acquired Indebtedness; 
  
 (11) Indebtedness arising from agreements of the Company or
a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company providing for indemnification, adjustment of purchase price or similar obligations, in each case, incurred or assumed in connection with the disposition of any business, assets or a Subsidiary, other than
guarantees by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the 
  

 -20- 








 Company of Indebtedness incurred by any Person acquiring all or any portion of such business, assets or a
Subsidiary for the purpose of financing such acquisition; provided, however, that: 
  
 (a) such Indebtedness is not reflected on the Company’s balance sheet or that of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company (contingent
obligations referred to in a footnote to financial statements and not otherwise reflected on the balance sheet will not be deemed to be reflected on such balance sheet for purposes of this clause (a)); and 
  
 (b) the maximum assumable liability in respect of all such
Indebtedness shall at no time exceed the gross proceeds including the fair market value of non-cash proceeds (the fair market value of such non-cash proceeds being measured at the time they are received as determined in good faith by the Board of
Directors of the Company or that of the Restricted Subsidiary, as applicable, and without giving effect to any subsequent changes in value) actually received by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with such disposition;

  
 (12) the incurrence by a Receivables
Subsidiary of the Company of Indebtedness in a Qualified Receivables Transaction that is without recourse (other than pursuant to representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection
with a Qualified Receivables Transaction) to the Company or to any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or its assets (other than such Receivables Subsidiary and its assets), and is not guaranteed by any such Person; provided that any
outstanding Indebtedness incurred under this clause (12) shall reduce (for so long as, and to the extent that, the Indebtedness referred to in this clause (12) remains outstanding) the aggregate amount of the Indebtedness permitted to be incurred
under clause (2) above to the extent set forth therein; 
  
 (13) Indebtedness under Commodity Agreements; 
  
 (14) guarantees of Indebtedness (a) of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, including agreements of the Company to keep-well or maintain financial statement
conditions of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, and (b) incurred pursuant to the Credit Agreement or pursuant to clauses (4), (5) and (13) above by any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; 
  
 (15) Refinancing Indebtedness; 
  
 (16) additional Indebtedness of the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $35.0 million at any one time outstanding (which amount may, but need not, be incurred in whole or in part under the Credit Agreement) plus up to an additional amount as
contemplated by, and to the extent not incurred under, clause (10) above; 
  
 (17) Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries consisting of (x) take-or-pay obligations contained in supply arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business and on a basis
consistent with past practice and (y) Indebtedness of the Company incurred in connection with an insurance program whereby an insurance financing company prepays on behalf of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries insurance premiums on
insurance policies of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries 

  

 -21- 








 
and the Company from time to time makes “premium” payments directly to such insurance financing company to satisfy their obligations to such
insurance financing company; provided that Indebtedness referred to in this clause (y) does not exceed $16.0 million in the aggregate at any one time outstanding; 
  
 (18) Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries consisting of the financing of
insurance premiums in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (19) Indebtedness consisting of recourse obligations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries to financial institutions in connection with Permitted Program Affiliate Transactions for lease obligations owing to such financial
institutions by Program Affiliates in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $10.0 million at any one time outstanding; 
  
 (20) Indebtedness, the proceeds of which are irrevocably deposited with the Trustee upon the incurrence of such Indebtedness for the
purpose of defeasing all of the then outstanding Securities in accordance with the procedures set forth under Section 8.2; and 
  
 (21) Indebtedness, the proceeds of which are used to Refinance the QD Inc. Floating Rate Notes. 
  
 For purposes of determining compliance with Section 4.4, 
  
 (a) in the event that an item of Indebtedness meets the
criteria of more than one of the categories of Permitted Indebtedness described in clauses (1) through (21) above or is entitled to be incurred pursuant to the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio provisions of such Section, the Company shall,
in its sole discretion, classify (or later reclassify) such item of Indebtedness in any manner that complies with Section 4.4, 
  
 (b) accrual of interest, accretion or amortization of original issue discount, the payment of interest on any Indebtedness in the form of
additional Indebtedness with the same terms or in the form of Capital Stock, the payment of dividends on Disqualified Capital Stock in the form of additional shares of the same class of Disqualified Capital Stock (or an increase in the aggregate
liquidation preference thereof) and increases in the amount of Indebtedness outstanding solely as a result of fluctuations in the exchange rate of currencies will not be deemed to be an incurrence of Indebtedness or an issuance of Disqualified
Capital Stock for purposes of Section 4.4, 
  
 (c) guarantees of, or obligations in respect of letters of credit relating to, Indebtedness which is otherwise included in the determination of a particular amount of Indebtedness shall not be included, 
  
 (d) if obligations in respect of letters of credit are
incurred pursuant to the Credit Agreement and are being treated as incurred pursuant to clause (2) above and the letters of credit relate to other Indebtedness, then such other Indebtedness shall not be included, 

  

 -22- 








 (e) if such Indebtedness is denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars, the U.S.
dollar equivalent principal amount thereof will be calculated based on the relevant currency exchange rates in effect on the date such Indebtedness was incurred, and 
  
 (f) Indebtedness need not be incurred solely by reference to one category of Permitted Indebtedness or the
Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio provisions of Section 4.4 but may be permitted to be incurred in part under any combination of categories of Permitted Indebtedness and the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio provisions. 
  
 “Permitted Investments” means: 
  
 (1) Investments by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary
of the Company in any Person that is or will become immediately after such Investment a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or that will merge or consolidate into the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; provided that such
Restricted Subsidiary of the Company is not restricted from making dividends or similar distributions by contract, operation of law or otherwise other than as permitted by Section 4.13; 
  
 (2) Investments in the Company by any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; provided that any
Indebtedness evidencing such Investment is unsecured and subordinated, pursuant to a written agreement, to the Company’s obligations under the Securities and this Indenture; 
  
 (3) Investments in cash and Cash Equivalents; 
  
 (4) loans and advances to employees and officers of QD Inc., the Company and the Company’s Restricted
Subsidiaries made (a) in the ordinary course of business for bona fide business purposes not to exceed $5.0 million in the aggregate at any one time outstanding or (b) to fund purchases of Capital Stock of QD Inc. or the Company under any stock
option plan or similar employment arrangements so long as no cash is actually advanced by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to such employees and officers to fund such purchases; 
  
 (5) Currency Agreements, Commodity Agreements and Interest
Swap Obligations entered into in the ordinary course of the Company’s or its Restricted Subsidiaries’ businesses and otherwise in compliance with this Indenture; 
  
 (6) Investments in securities of trade creditors or customers received: 
  
 (a) pursuant to any plan of reorganization or similar
arrangement upon the bankruptcy or insolvency of such trade creditors or customers, or 
  
 (b) in settlement of delinquent obligations of, and other disputes with, customers, suppliers and others, in each case arising in the
ordinary course of business or otherwise in satisfaction of a judgment; 
  

 -23- 








 (7) Investments 
  
 (a) made by the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries consisting of consideration received in connection
with an Asset Sale made in compliance with Section 4.17; 
  
 (b) consisting of consideration received by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with a transaction that would be an Asset Sale if it consisted of aggregate consideration received by the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of $2.0 million or more; or 
  
 (c) acquired in exchange for, or out of the proceeds of a substantially concurrent offering of, the Company’s Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Capital Stock) (which proceeds of any such offering of the
Company’s Capital Stock shall not have been, and shall not be, included in clause (3)(b) of the first paragraph of Section 4.3; 
  
 (8) Investments of a Person or any of its Subsidiaries existing at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or
at the time such Person merges or consolidates with the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, in either case in compliance with this Indenture; provided that such Investments were not made by such Person in connection with, or in
anticipation or contemplation of, such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or such merger or consolidation; 
  
 (9) Investments in the Securities; 
  
 (10) Investments in existence on the Issue Date; 
  

(11) guarantees of Indebtedness to the extent permitted pursuant to Section 4.4, Section 4.14 and Section 4.19; 
  
 (12) additional Investments (including Investments in joint
ventures and Unrestricted Subsidiaries) not to exceed $25.0 million at any one time outstanding; 
  
 (13) the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries may make loans or advances to, prepay expenses of, make purchases on behalf of, or
otherwise extend credit to (other than extensions of trade credit which are specifically excluded from the definition of “Investments”), Program Affiliates so long as such amounts are used to fund expenses or purchases incurred in
the ordinary course of business, are being made on a basis consistent with past practice and are deducted from the weekly settlement paid to such Program Affiliates, and 
  
 (14) any Investment by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company in a Receivables Subsidiary
or any Investment by a Receivables Subsidiary in any other Person in connection with a Qualified Receivables Transaction; provided that any Investment in a Receivables Subsidiary is in the form of a Purchase Money Note that the Receivables
Subsidiary or such other Person is required to pay as soon as practicable or equity interests. 
  

 -24- 








 “Permitted Liens” means the following types of Liens: 
  
 (1) Liens for taxes, assessments or governmental charges or
claims that are either (a) not delinquent or (b) being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and as to which the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries shall have set aside on their books such reserves, if any, as shall be required in
conformity with 
  
 (a) GAAP in the case of a
Domestic Restricted Subsidiary, and 
  
 (b)
generally accepted accounting principles in effect from time to time in the applicable jurisdiction, in the case of a Foreign Restricted Subsidiary; 
  
 (2) statutory and common law Liens of landlords and Liens of carriers, warehousemen, mechanics, suppliers, materialmen, repairmen, customs
and revenue authorities and other Liens imposed by law incurred in the ordinary course of business for sums not yet delinquent or being contested in good faith, if such reserve or other appropriate provision, if any, as shall be required by GAAP
shall have been made in respect thereof; 
  
 (3)
Liens incurred or deposits made in the ordinary course of business in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other types of social security, including any Lien securing letters of credit issued in the ordinary course
of business consistent with past practice in connection therewith, or to secure the performance of tenders, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, bids, leases, government contracts, performance and return-of-money bonds and other similar
obligations (exclusive of obligations for the payment of borrowed money); 
  
 (4) judgment Liens not giving rise to an Event of Default so long as such Lien is adequately bonded and any appropriate legal proceedings which may have been duly initiated for the review of such judgment shall not
have been finally terminated or the period within which such proceedings may be initiated shall not have expired; 
  
 (5) licenses, sublicenses, leases, subleases, easements, rights-of-way, zoning restrictions and other similar charges or encumbrances in
respect of property not interfering in any material respect with the ordinary conduct of the business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; 
  
 (6) any interest or title of a lessor under any Capitalized Lease Obligation or operating lease;
provided that such Liens do not extend to any property or asset which is not leased property subject to such Capitalized Lease Obligation or operating lease; 
  
 (7) Liens securing Indebtedness permitted pursuant to clause (10) of the definition of “Permitted
Indebtedness”; provided, however, that in the case of Purchase Money Indebtedness (a) the Indebtedness shall not exceed the cost of such property or assets and shall not be secured by any property or assets of the Company or any
Restricted 

  

 -25- 








 
Subsidiary of the Company other than the property and assets so acquired or constructed and any improvements thereon and (b) the Lien securing such
Indebtedness shall be created within 180 days of such acquisition or construction or, in the case of a refinancing of any Purchase Money Indebtedness, within 180 days of such refinancing; 
  
 (8) Liens upon specific items of inventory or other goods
and proceeds of any Person securing such Person’s obligations in respect of bankers’ acceptances or similar credit transactions issued or created for the account of such Person to facilitate the purchase, shipment or storage of such
inventory or other goods; 
  
 (9) Liens securing
reimbursement obligations with respect to commercial letters of credit which encumber documents and other property relating to such letters of credit and products and proceeds thereof; 
  
 (10) Liens encumbering deposits made to secure obligations arising from statutory, regulatory, contractual
or warranty requirements of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, including rights of offset and set-off; 
  
 (11) Liens securing Interest Swap Obligations so long as the Interest Swap Obligations relate to Indebtedness that is otherwise permitted
under this Indenture; 
  
 (12) Liens in the
ordinary course of business not exceeding $5.0 million at any one time outstanding that (a) are not incurred in connection with borrowing money and (b) do not materially detract from the value of the property or materially impair its use;

  
 (13) Liens by reason of judgment or decree
not otherwise resulting in an Event of Default; 
  
 (14) Liens securing Indebtedness permitted to be incurred pursuant to clauses (12) and (16) of the definition of “Permitted Indebtedness”; 
  

(15) Liens securing Indebtedness under Currency Agreements and Commodity Agreements permitted under this Indenture; 
  
 (16) Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities
arising as a matter of law to secure payment of customs duties in connection with importation of goods; 
  
 (17) Liens arising out of conditional sale, title retention, consignment or similar arrangements for the sale of goods entered into by the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business; 
  
 (18) Liens securing Acquired Indebtedness incurred in accordance with Section 4.4 (including, without limitation, clause (10) of the
definition of “Permitted Indebtedness”); provided that: 
  
 (a) such Liens secured such Acquired Indebtedness at the time of and prior to the incurrence of such Acquired Indebtedness by the Company or a Restricted 

  

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Subsidiary of the Company and were not granted in connection with, or in anticipation of, the incurrence of such Acquired Indebtedness by the Company or a
Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; and 
  
 (b)
such Liens do not extend to or cover any property or assets of the Company or of any of its Restricted Subsidiaries other than the property or assets that secured the Acquired Indebtedness prior to the time such Indebtedness became Acquired
Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company and are no more favorable to the lienholders than those securing the Acquired Indebtedness prior to the incurrence of such Acquired Indebtedness by the Company or a Restricted
Subsidiary of the Company; 
  
 (19) Liens
securing insurance premium financing arrangements; provided that such Lien is limited to the applicable insurance contracts; 
  
 (20) Liens securing Indebtedness incurred under clause (20) of the definition of “Permitted Indebtedness”; provided that
such Liens do not extend to or cover any of the cash or Cash Equivalents that have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.2; and 
  
 (21) Liens on Receivables and Related Assets to reflect sales of receivables pursuant to a Qualified Receivables Transaction. 

 
 “Permitted Program Affiliate Transactions” shall mean a
transaction or series of transactions effected in the ordinary course of business of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and consistent with the past practices of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to which (A) (i)
the Company and/or one or more of its Restricted Subsidiaries lease equipment from a third party financial institution, (ii) transfer the lease (and the equipment subject thereto) to a Program Affiliate and (iii) guarantee a portion of the lease
payments owing by such Program Affiliate to such financial institution and/or agree to assume from the Program Affiliate the lease initially so transferred to it upon the failure of such Program Affiliate to make the lease payments owing by it
thereunder to such financial institution, (B) (i) the Company and/or one or more of its Restricted Subsidiaries lease equipment from a third party financial institution, (ii) sublease such equipment to a Program Affiliate, (iii) transfer the account
receivable related to the sublease (together with all collateral rights to the equipment that is the subject of the sublease) to a third party financial institution and (iv) guarantee the sublease payments owing by the Program Affiliate to such
financial institution, (C) (i) the Company and/or one or more of its Restricted Subsidiaries lease equipment to a Program Affiliate, (ii) transfer the account receivable related to such lease (together with all the collateral rights to the equipment
that is the subject of the lease) to a third party financial institution and (iii) guarantee the lease payments owing by the Program Affiliate to such financial institution or (D) (i) the Company and/or one or more of its Restricted Subsidiaries
lease equipment to a Program Affiliate, (ii) transfer the lease (and the related account receivable and the equipment that is the subject of the lease) to a third party financial institution and (iii) guarantee the lease payments owing by the
Program Affiliate to such financial institution and/or agree to assume such equipment lease from such Program Affiliate upon the failure of such Program Affiliate to make the lease payments owing by it thereunder to such financial institution.

  

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 “Person” means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company,
unincorporated organization, trust or joint venture, or a governmental agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity. 
  
 “Physical Securities” has the meaning provided in Section 2.1. Physical Securities are sometimes referred to herein as certificated
Securities. 
  
 “Preferred Stock” of any Person
means any Capital Stock of such Person that has preferential rights to any other Capital Stock of such Person with respect to dividends or redemptions or upon liquidation. 
  
 “Private Placement Legend” means the legend initially set forth on the Initial Notes in the form set forth
in the first paragraph of Section 2.14. 
  
 “Program
Affiliates” shall mean each of the independently-owned entities that operate under the name of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to an exclusive agreement with the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary. 

 
 “Purchase Money Indebtedness” means Indebtedness of the
Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries incurred in the normal course of business for the purpose of financing all or any part of the purchase price, or the cost of installation, construction or improvement, of property or equipment or other related
assets and any Refinancing thereof. 
  
 “Purchase Money
Note” means a promissory note of a Receivables Subsidiary evidencing a line of credit, which may be irrevocable, from the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company in connection with a Qualified Receivables Transaction to a Receivables
Subsidiary, which note is intended to be repaid from cash available to the Receivables Subsidiary, other than amounts required to be established as reserves, amounts paid to investors in respect of interest, principal and other amounts owing to such
investors and amounts paid in connection with the purchase of newly generated receivables. 
  
 “QD Capital” means QD Capital Corporation, a Delaware corporation and the Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, or any successor Person. 
  
 “QD Inc.” means Quality Distribution, Inc., a Florida
corporation and the parent of the Company, or any successor Person. 
  
 “QD Inc. Floating Rate Notes” means the $7.5 million aggregate principal amount of QD Inc.’s Series B Floating Rate Subordinated Term Securities due 2006 outstanding on the Issue Date. 
  
 “QIB” means any “qualified institutional buyer”
(as defined under the Securities Act). 
  
 “Qualified
Capital Stock” means any Capital Stock that is not Disqualified Capital Stock. 
  
 “Qualified Receivables Transaction” means any transaction or series of transactions that may be entered into by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in which the Company 

  

 -28- 








 
or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries may sell, convey or otherwise transfer to (1) a Receivables Subsidiary (in the case of a transfer by the Company or any
of its Restricted Subsidiaries) and (2) any other Person (in the case of a transfer by a Receivables Subsidiary), or may grant a security interest in, any accounts receivable (whether now existing or arising in the future) of the Company or any of
its Restricted Subsidiaries, and any related assets, including all collateral securing such accounts receivable, all contracts and all guarantees or other obligations in respect of such accounts receivable, proceeds of such accounts receivable and
other assets (including contract rights) which are customarily transferred or in respect of which security interests are customarily granted in connection with asset securitization transactions involving accounts receivable. 
  
 “Receivables and Related Assets” means any account
receivable (whether now existing or arising thereafter) of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, and any assets related thereto including all collateral securing such accounts receivable, all contracts and contract rights and all
guarantees or other obligations in respect of such accounts receivable, proceeds of such accounts receivable and other assets which are customarily transferred or in respect of which security interests are customarily granted in connection with
asset securitization transactions involving accounts receivable. 
  
 “Receivables Subsidiary” means a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that engages in no activities other than in connection with the financing of accounts receivable and that is designated by the
Company’s Board of Directors (as provided below) as a Receivables Subsidiary: 
  
 (1) no portion of the Indebtedness or any other Obligations (contingent or otherwise) of which 
  
 (a) is guaranteed by the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary of the Company (excluding guarantees of Obligations (other than the principal of, and interest on, Indebtedness) pursuant to representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities entered into in the ordinary course of business in
connection with a Qualified Receivables Transaction), 
  
 (b) is recourse to or obligates the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company in any way other than pursuant to representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection
with a Qualified Receivables Transaction, or 
  
 (c) subjects any property or asset of the Company or of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, directly or indirectly, contingently or otherwise, to the satisfaction thereof, other than pursuant to representations, warranties, covenants
and indemnities entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection with a Qualified Receivables Transaction; 
  
 (2) with which neither the Company nor any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company has any material contract, agreement, arrangement or
understanding other than on terms no less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary than those that might be obtained at the time from Persons who are not Affiliates of the Company, other than fees payable in the ordinary course of
business in connection with servicing accounts receivable; and 
  

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 (3) with which neither the Company nor any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company has any
obligation to maintain or preserve such Restricted Subsidiary’s financial condition or cause such Restricted Subsidiary to achieve certain levels of operating results. 
  
 Any such designation by the Board of Directors of the Company shall be evidenced to the Trustee by filing with the Trustee a
Board Resolution giving effect to such designation and an Officers’ Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the preceding conditions. 
  
 “Record Date” means the applicable record date specified in the Securities. 
  
 “Redemption Date,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such
redemption pursuant to this Indenture and the Securities. 
  
 “Redemption Price,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price fixed for such redemption, payable in immediately available funds, pursuant to this Indenture and the Securities. 
  
 “Reference Date” has the meaning set forth in Section
4.3(c)(i). 
  
 “Refinance” means, in respect of
any security or Indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, refund, repay, prepay, redeem, defease or retire, or to issue a security or Indebtedness in exchange or replacement for, such security or Indebtedness in whole or in part.
“Refinanced” and “Refinancing” shall have correlative meanings. 
  
 “Refinancing Indebtedness” means any Refinancing by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company of (A) for purposes of clause (15) of the definition of “Permitted Indebtedness,”
Indebtedness incurred or existing in accordance with Section 4.4 (other than pursuant to clause (2), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (16), (17), (18), (19) or (20) of the definition of “Permitted Indebtedness”
and other than, in the case of clause (3) of the definition of “Permitted Indebtedness,” the Subordinated Notes and Subordinated Secured Notes) or (B) for any other purpose, Indebtedness incurred in accordance with Section 4.4, in each
case that does not: 
  
 (1) result in an increase
in the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness of such Person as of the date of such proposed Refinancing (plus the amount of any premium, accrued interest and defeasance costs required to be paid under the terms of the instrument governing such
Indebtedness and plus the amount of reasonable fees, expenses, discounts and commissions incurred by the Company in connection with such Refinancing); or 
  

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 (2) create Indebtedness which: 
  
 (a) if the Indebtedness being Refinanced was incurred
pursuant to clause (3) of the definition of “Permitted Indebtedness,” a Weighted Average Life to Maturity that is less than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced or a final maturity earlier than the
final maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced, or 
  
 (b) if the Indebtedness being Refinanced was otherwise incurred in accordance with the definition of “Permitted Indebtedness” or with Section 4.4, a Weighted Average Life to Maturity that is less than the
Weighted Average Life to Maturity of the notes or a final maturity earlier than the final maturity of the notes; 
  
 provided that (i) if such Indebtedness being Refinanced is solely the Company’s Indebtedness, then such Refinancing Indebtedness shall be solely the
Company’s Indebtedness, and (ii) if such Indebtedness being Refinanced is subordinate or junior to the Securities, then such Refinancing Indebtedness shall be subordinate to the Securities at least to the same extent and in the same manner as
the Indebtedness being Refinanced. 
  
 “Registrar” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3. 
  
 “Registration Rights Agreement” means the Registration Rights Agreement, dated the Issue Date among the Issuers, the Guarantors named therein and Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, Deutsche Banc
Securities Inc., Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. 
  
 “Related Parties” of a specified Person means 
  
 (1) if a natural person, (1) any spouse, parent or lineal descendant (including by adoption) of such Person or (2) the estate of such
Person during any period in which such estate holds Capital Stock of the Company or of QD Inc. for the benefit of any Person referred to in clause (a)(1) and 
  

(2) if a trust, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity, the beneficiaries, stockholders, partners, owners
or Persons beneficially owning an interest of more than 50% of which consist of such Person and/or such other Persons referred to in the immediately preceding clause (a). 
  
 “Replacement Assets” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.17(iii)(B). 
  
 “Representative” means the indenture trustee or other
trustee, agent or representative in respect of any Designated Senior Debt; provided that if, and for so long as, any Designated Senior Debt lacks such a Representative, then the Representative for such Designated Senior Debt shall at all
times constitute the holders of a majority in outstanding principal amount of such Designated Senior Debt. 
  
 “Responsible Officer” means, when used with respect to the Trustee, any officer in the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee with direct
responsibility for the administration of this Indenture or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such officer’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. 
  

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 “Restricted Payment” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.3. 
  
 “Restricted Security” has the meaning assigned to such term
in Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act; provided that the Trustee shall be entitled to request and conclusively rely on an Opinion of Counsel with respect to whether any Security constitutes a Restricted Security. 
  
 “Restricted Subsidiary” of any Person means any Subsidiary
of such Person which at the time of determination is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary. 
  
 “Rule 144A” means Rule 144A under the Securities Act. 
  
 “Sale and Leaseback Transaction” means any direct or indirect arrangement with any Person or to which any such Person is a party,
providing for the leasing to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company of any property, whether owned by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company at the Issue Date or later acquired, which has been or is to be sold or
transferred by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary to such Person or to any other Person from whom funds have been or are to be advanced by such Person on the security of such property other than: 
  
 (a) arrangements between the Company and a Wholly Owned
Restricted Subsidiary of the Company or between Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company or 
  
 (b) any arrangement whereby the transfer involves fixed or capital assets and is consummated within 120 days after the date the Company or
a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company acquires or finishes construction of such fixed or capital assets. 
  
 “Securities” means the Initial Notes, the Exchange Notes and any other Securities issued after the Issue Date in accordance with clause
(iii) of the fourth paragraph of Section 2.2 treated as a single class of securities, as amended or supplemented from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof, that are issued pursuant to this Indenture. 
  
 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, or any successor statute or statutes thereto. 
  
 “Senior Debt” means the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a petition of bankruptcy or other like proceeding at the rate provided for
in the documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable law) on any Indebtedness of the Company or QD Capital, whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter created, incurred or assumed,
unless, in the case of any particular Indebtedness, the instrument creating or evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding expressly provides that such Indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the Securities.
Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, “Senior Debt” shall also include the principal of, premium, if any, interest (including 

  

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any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of petition of bankruptcy or other like proceeding at the rate provided for in the documentation with respect
thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable law) on, and all other amounts owing by the Company or QD Capital in respect of, 
  
 (1) all of its monetary obligations of every nature (including guarantees thereof) under, or with respect to, the Credit Agreement,
including, without limitation, obligations to pay principal, premium and interest, reimbursement obligations under letters of credit, fees, expenses and indemnities (including guarantees thereof); 
  
 (2) all Interest Swap Obligations (including guarantees
thereof); and 
  
 (3) all obligations under
Currency Agreements and Commodity Agreements (including guarantees thereof), in each case whether outstanding on or incurred after the Issue Date. 
  
 Notwithstanding the preceding, “Senior Debt” shall not include: 
  
 (a) any Indebtedness of the Company to any of its Subsidiaries; 
  
 (b) Indebtedness to, or guaranteed on behalf of, any
director, manager, officer or employee of the Company or any director, manager, officer or employee of any Subsidiary of the Company (including, without limitation, amounts owed for compensation); 
  
 (c) Indebtedness or other liabilities to trade creditors and
other amounts incurred in connection with obtaining goods, materials or services (other than if incurred under the Credit Agreement); 
  
 (d) Indebtedness represented by Disqualified Capital Stock; 
  
 (e) any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by the Company or QD Capital;

  
 (f) that portion of any Indebtedness incurred
in violation of Section 4.4; provided that (x) as to any such obligation, no such violation shall be deemed to exist for purposes of this clause (f) if the holder(s) of such obligation or their representative shall have received an
officer’s certificate (or representation and warranty) from the Company to the effect that the incurrence of such Indebtedness does not (or, in the case of revolving credit Indebtedness, that the incurrence of the entire committed amount
thereof at the date on which the initial borrowing thereunder is made would not) violate such provisions of this Indenture and (y) any revolving Indebtedness under the Credit Agreement incurred in violation of Section 4.4 as a result of the
application of the first proviso appearing in clause (2) of the definition of “Permitted Debt” shall not be excluded from Senior Debt, so long as such Indebtedness was extended in good faith to the Company; 
  

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 (g) that portion of Indebtedness which, when incurred and without respect to any election
under Section 1111(b) of Title 11, United States Code, is without recourse to the Company or QD Capital; 
  
 (h) that portion of any Indebtedness or other Obligation which is, by its express terms, subordinated in right of payment to any of the
Company’s or QD Capital’s other Indebtedness or other Obligations; and 
  
 (i) any Obligations of the Company under, or relating to, the Subordinated Secured Notes (by way of guarantee or otherwise) which may be
included (or deemed to be included) under the Credit Agreement as a result of the inclusion of security documents (which specifically cover such Obligations) in the definition of Credit Agreement; 
  
 provided, if any Senior Debt is disallowed under Section 548 of Title 11, United
States Code, or any applicable state fraudulent conveyance law, such Senior Debt shall nevertheless constitute Senior Debt for all purposes of this Indenture. 
  

“Senior Subordinated Debt” means, with respect to a Person, the Securities and any other Indebtedness of such Person that specifically
provides that such Indebtedness is to rank on an equal basis with the Securities in right of payment and is not subordinated by its terms in right of payment to any Indebtedness or other obligation of such Person which is not Senior Debt of such
Person. 
  
 “Shareholder Agreement” means (a) the
Shareholders Agreement dated as of May 30, 2002 among certain affiliates of Apollo Management, L.P. and certain shareholders of QD Inc. and (b) the Amended and Restated Common and Preferred Stock Purchase and Shareholders’ Agreement dated as of
August 28, 1998 among certain affiliates of Apollo Management, L.P., BT Investment Partners Inc., MTL Equity Investors, L.L.C. and QD Inc., in each case as amended from time to time in accordance with its terms in any manner not materially adverse
to the Holders of the notes. 
  
 “Shareholder Subordinated
Note” means an unsecured note issued by QD Inc. (and not guaranteed or supported in any way by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) which is subordinated to QD Inc.’s Guarantee and is used to finance repurchases by QD Inc. of
Capital Stock of QD Inc., which repurchases are contemplated to be made pursuant to paragraph (4) of Section 4.3. 
  
 “Significant Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary that would be a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Regulation S-X
under the Securities Act. 
  
 “Subordinated
Notes” means (i) the 10% series B senior subordinated notes due 2006 issued by QD Inc. and (ii) the 12% junior subordinated PIK notes due 2009 issued by QD Inc. 
  
 “Subordinated Secured Notes” means the 12.5% senior subordinated secured notes due 2008 issued by the
Company. 
  

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 “Subsidiary,” with respect to any Person, means: 
  
 (1) any corporation of which the outstanding Capital Stock
having at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors under ordinary circumstances shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person; or 
  
 (2) any other Person of which at least a majority of the
voting interest under ordinary circumstances is at the time, directly or indirectly, owned by such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person. 
  
 “Surviving Entity” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(a)(i). 
  
 “Temporary Offshore Global Securities” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1. 
  
 “TIA” or “Trust Indenture Act” means the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa-77bbbb), as amended, as in effect on the date of the execution of this Indenture until such time as this Indenture is qualified under the TIA, and thereafter as in effect on the date on which
this Indenture is qualified under the TIA, except as otherwise provided in Section 9.4. 
  
 “Transaction Date” has the meaning specified in the definition of “Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio.” 
  
 “Transactions” means the offering of the Initial Notes, the initial public offering of common stock of QD
Inc. on the Issue Date, the conversion of all outstanding shares of QD Inc.’s preferred stock for common stock of QD Inc. on or prior to the Issue Date and the borrowings under the Credit Agreement on the Issue Date and within 45 days
thereafter as described in clause (19) of the second paragraph of Section 4.3. 
  
 “Treasury Rate” means the rate per annum equal to the yield to maturity at the time of computation of United States Treasury securities with a constant maturity most nearly equal to the period from
such date of redemption to November 15, 2007; provided, however, that if the period from such date of redemption to November 15, 2007 is not equal to the constant maturity of a United States Treasury security for which a weekly average
yield is given, the Treasury Rate shall be obtained by linear interpolation (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth of a year) from the weekly average yields of United States Treasury securities for which such yields are given, except that if the
period from such date of redemption to November 15, 2007 is less than one year, the weekly average yield on actually traded United States Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year shall be used. 
  
 “Trustee” means the party named as such in this Indenture
until a successor replaces it in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and thereafter means such successor. 
  
 “Unrestricted Subsidiary” of any Person means (1) any Subsidiary of any Person (other than, in the case of the Company, QD Capital) that
is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Board of Directors of such Person in the manner provided below and (2) any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary. The Board(s) of Directors may designate any Subsidiary (including any newly acquired
or newly formed Subsidiary) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary only if such Subsidiary does not own any Capital Stock of, or own or hold any Lien on any property of, the Company 

  

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or any other Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Subsidiary of the Subsidiary to be so designated; provided that (x) either (i) the Company
certifies to the Trustee in an Officers’ Certificate that such designation complies with Section 4.3 or (ii) the Subsidiary to be so designated at the time of designation has total consolidated assets of $1,000 or less and (y) each Subsidiary
to be so designated and each of its Subsidiaries has not and does not after the time of designation, create, incur, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become directly or indirectly liable with respect to any Indebtedness pursuant to which the
lender has recourse to any of the Company’s assets or those of any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than the assets of such Unrestricted Subsidiary). The Board of Directors of the Company may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a
Restricted Subsidiary only if (x) immediately after giving effect to such designation, the Company is able to incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness) in compliance with Section 4.4 and (y) immediately
before and immediately after giving effect to such designation, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing. Any such designation by the Boards of Directors of QD Inc. and the Company shall be evidenced to the Trustee by
promptly filing with the Trustee a copy of the Board Resolution giving effect to such designation and an Officers’ Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing provisions. 
  
 “U.S. Global Securities” has the meaning provided in Section
2.1. 
  
 “U.S. Government Obligations” means
direct obligations of, and obligations guaranteed by, the United States of America for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the issuer’s option.

  
 “U.S. Legal Tender” means such coin or
currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts. 
  
 “Weighted Average Life to Maturity” means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any date, the number of years obtained by dividing

  
 (1) the then outstanding aggregate principal
amount of such Indebtedness into 
  
 (2) the sum
of the total of the products obtained by multiplying (a) the amount of each then remaining installment, sinking fund, serial maturity or other required payment of principal, including payment at final maturity, in respect thereof, by (b) the number
of years (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth) which will elapse between such date and the making of such payment. 
  
 “Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary” of any Person means any Restricted Subsidiary of such Person of which all the outstanding voting
securities (other than in the case of a Foreign Restricted Subsidiary, directors’ qualifying shares or an immaterial amount of shares required to be owned by other Persons pursuant to applicable law) are owned by such Person and/or by one or
more Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries of such Person. 
  

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 1.2. Incorporation by Reference of TIA. 
  
 Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, such provision is
incorporated by reference in, and made a part of, this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings: 
  
 “indenture securities” means the Securities. 
  
 “indenture security holder” means a Holder or a Securityholder. 
  
 “indenture to be qualified” means this
Indenture. 
  
 “indenture
trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee. 
  
 “obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company, QD Capital, any Guarantor or any other obligor on the
Securities. 
  
 All other TIA terms used in this Indenture that
are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by Commission rule and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them therein. 
  
 1.3. Rules of Construction. 
  
 Unless the context otherwise requires: 
  
 (1) a term has the meaning assigned to it; 
  
 (2) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;

  
 (3) “or” is not exclusive;

  
 (4) “including” means including
without limitation; 
  
 (5) words in the singular
include the plural, and words in the plural include the singular; 
  
 (6) provisions apply to successive events and transactions; and 
  
 (7) “herein,” “hereof” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular
Article, Section or other subdivision. 
  
 (8)
all ratios and computations based on GAAP contained in this Indenture shall be computed in accordance with the definition of GAAP set forth in Section 1.1. 
  
 (9) all references to Sections or Articles refer to Sections or Articles in this Indenture unless otherwise indicated. 
  

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 ARTICLE II 
  
 THE SECURITIES 
  
 2.1. Form and Dating. 
  
 The Initial Notes and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A and the Exchange Notes and
the Trustee’s certificate of authentication shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit B. The Securities may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. The Issuers and the Trustee shall
approve the form of the Securities and any notation, legend or endorsement on them. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. At the time of issuance, each Security shall have an executed Guarantee from each of the then existing
Guarantors endorsed thereon substantially in the form of Exhibit D. 
  
 The terms and provisions contained in the Securities, annexed hereto as Exhibits A and B, and the Guarantees, annexed hereto as Exhibit D, shall constitute, and are hereby expressly made, a part of this Indenture and,
to the extent applicable, the Issuers, the Guarantors, and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, expressly agree to such terms and provisions and to be bound thereby. 
  
 Securities offered and sold in reliance on Rule 144A shall be issued
initially in the form of one or more permanent global Securities in registered form, substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A (the “U.S. Global Securities”), deposited with the Trustee, as custodian for the
Depository, duly executed by the Issuers and authenticated by the Trustee as hereinafter provided, and shall bear the legends set forth in Section 2.14. The aggregate principal amount of the U.S. Global Securities may from time to time be increased
or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Trustee, as custodian for the Depository, as hereinafter provided. 
  
 Securities issued in exchange for interests in the U.S. Global Securities pursuant to Section 2.15 may be issued in the form of permanent certificated
Securities in registered form and shall bear the first legend set forth in Section 2.14. 
  
 Securities offered and sold in offshore transactions in reliance on Regulation S shall be issued initially in the form of one or more temporary global Securities in registered form substantially in the form set forth
in Exhibit A (the “Temporary Offshore Global Securities”), registered in the name of the nominee of the Depository, deposited with the Trustee, as custodian for the Depository, duly executed by the Issuers and authenticated
by the Trustee as hereinafter provided and shall bear the legends set forth in Section 2.14. At any time on or after the 41st day after the Issue Date, upon receipt by the Trustee, Registrar and the Issuers of a certificate substantially in the form
of Exhibit C hereto, one or more permanent global Securities in registered form substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A (the “Permanent Offshore Global Securities”; and together with the Temporary Offshore Global
Securities, the “Offshore Global Securities”), duly executed by the Issuers and authenticated by the Trustee as hereinafter provided shall be deposited with the Trustee, as custodian for the Depository or its nominee, and the
Registrar shall reflect on its books and records the date and a decrease in the principal amount of the Temporary Offshore Global Securities in an amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial 

  

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interest in the Temporary Offshore Global Securities transferred. The aggregate principal amount of the Offshore Global Securities may from time to time be
increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Trustee, as custodian for the Depository, as hereinafter provided. 
  
 Securities issued in exchange for interests in the Offshore Global Securities pursuant to Section 2.15 may be issued in the form of permanent certificated
Securities in registered form (the “Offshore Physical Securities”) and shall bear the first legend set forth in Section 2.14. All Securities offered and sold in reliance on Regulation S shall remain in the form of an Offshore Global
Security until the consummation of the Exchange Offer pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement. 
  
 The U.S. Global Securities and the Offshore Global Securities are sometimes referred to herein as the “Global Securities.” 
  
 2.2. Execution and Authentication. 
  
 One Officer or an Assistant Secretary, of each of the Issuers (each of whom
shall, in each case, have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate actions) shall sign the Securities for the Issuers by manual or facsimile signature. 
  

If an Officer whose signature is on a Security was an Officer at the time of such execution but no longer holds that office at the time the Trustee
authenticates the Security, the Security shall nevertheless be valid. 
  
 A Security shall not be valid until an authorized signatory of the Trustee manually signs the certificate of authentication on the Security. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this
Indenture. 
  
 The Trustee shall authenticate (i) Initial Notes
for original issue on the Issue Date in the aggregate principal amount not to exceed $125,000,000, (ii) pursuant to the Exchange Offer, Exchange Notes from time to time for issue only in exchange for a like principal amount of Initial Notes and
(iii) subject to compliance with Section 4.4, one or more series of Securities for original issue after the Issue Date (such Securities to be substantially in the form of Exhibit A or B, as the case may be) in an unlimited amount (and
if in the form of Exhibit A the same principal amount of Exchange Notes in exchange therefor upon consummation of a registered exchange offer), in each case upon written orders of the Issuers in the form of an Officers’ Certificate,
which Officers’ Certificate shall, in the case of any issuance pursuant to clause (iii) above, certify that such issuance is in compliance with Section 4.4. In addition, each such Officers’ Certificate shall specify the amount of
Securities to be authenticated, the date on which the Securities are to be authenticated, whether the Securities are to be Initial Notes, Exchange Notes or Securities issued under clause (iii) of the preceding sentence and the aggregate principal
amount of Securities outstanding on the date of authentication, and shall further specify the amount of such Securities to be issued as a Global Security or Physical Securities. Such Securities shall initially be in the form of one or more Global
Securities, which (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, the Securities to be issued, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depository for such Global Security or Securities or
its 

  

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nominee and (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depository or pursuant to the Depository’s instruction. All Securities issued under this
Indenture shall vote and consent together on all matters as one class and no series of Securities will have the right to vote or consent as a separate class on any matter. 
  
 The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent reasonably acceptable to the Issuers to authenticate the Securities. Unless
otherwise provided in the appointment, an authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating
agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Issuers and Affiliates of the Issuers. 
  
 The Securities shall be issuable only in registered form without coupons in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof. 
  
 2.3. Registrar and Paying Agent. 
  
 The Issuers shall maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, where (a) Securities may
be presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange (“Registrar”), (b) Securities may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”) and (c) notices and demands to or upon the Issuers
in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Issuers may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time
to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Issuers of their obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York,
for such purposes. The Issuers may act as their own Registrar or Paying Agent except that for the purposes of Articles Three and Eight and Sections 4.16 and 4.17, neither the Issuers nor any Affiliate of the Issuers shall act as Paying Agent. The
Registrar shall keep a register of the Securities and of their transfer and exchange. The Issuers, upon notice to the Trustee, may have one or more co-Registrars and one or more additional paying agents reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The term
“Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent. The Issuers hereby initially appoints the Trustee as Registrar and Paying Agent until such time as the Trustee has resigned or a successor has been appointed. 
  
 The Issuers shall enter into an appropriate agency agreement with any Agent
not a party to this Indenture, which agreement shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to such Agent. The Issuers shall notify the Trustee, in advance, of the name and address of any such Agent. If the Issuers fail to maintain a
Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. 
  
 2.4. Paying Agent To Hold Assets in Trust. 
  
 The Issuers shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that, subject to Article Ten, each Paying Agent shall hold in trust for the benefit of Holders or the Trustee all assets held by
the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on, the Securities (whether such assets have been distributed to it by the Issuers or any other obligor on the Securities), and shall notify the Trustee of any Default or
Event of Default 

  

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by the Issuers (or any other obligor on the Securities) in making any such payment. If either the Issuers or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall
segregate such assets and hold them as a separate trust fund. The Issuers at any time may require a Paying Agent to distribute all assets held by it to the Trustee and account for any assets disbursed and the Trustee may at any time during the
continuance of any payment Default or payment Event of Default, upon written request to a Paying Agent, require such Paying Agent to distribute all assets held by it to the Trustee and to account for any assets distributed. Upon distribution to the
Trustee of all assets that shall have been delivered by the Issuers to the Paying Agent, the Paying Agent shall have no further liability for such assets. 
  
 2.5. Holder Lists. 
  
 The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders.
If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Issuers shall furnish to the Trustee on or before each Interest Payment Date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably
require of the names and addresses of Holders, which list may be conclusively relied upon by the Trustee. 
  
 2.6. Transfer and Exchange. 
  
 (a) Subject to the provisions of Sections 2.14 and 2.15, when Securities are presented to the Registrar or a co-Registrar with a request to register the
transfer of such Securities or to exchange such Securities for an equal principal amount of Securities of other authorized denominations, the Registrar or co-Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange as requested if its requirements
for such transaction are met; provided, however, that the Securities surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange shall be duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Issuers and
the Registrar or co-Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Issuers shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the
Registrar’s or co-Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Issuers may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable
in connection therewith (other than any such transfer taxes or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges or transfers pursuant to Section 2.2, 2.10, 3.6, 4.16, 4.17 or 9.6). The Registrar or co-Registrar shall not be required to register
the transfer of or exchange of any Security (i) during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, (ii) selected for
redemption in whole or in part pursuant to Article Three, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part, and (iii) during a Change of Control Offer or a Net Proceeds Offer if such Security is tendered pursuant to such Change
of Control Offer or Net Proceeds Offer and not withdrawn. A Global Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, in the manner provided in this Section 2.6(a), only to a nominee of the Depository for such Global Security, or to the
Depository, or a successor Depository for such Global Security selected or approved by the Issuers, or to a nominee of such successor Depository. 
  

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 (b) If at any time the Depository for the Global Security or Securities notifies the Issuers that it is
unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for such Global Security or Securities or the Issuers become aware that the Depository has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, the Issuers shall appoint a successor
Depository with respect to such Global Security or Securities. If a successor Depository for such Global Security or Securities has not been appointed within 90 days after the Issuers receive such notice or become aware of such ineligibility, the
Issuers shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers’ Certificate for the authentication and delivery of Securities, shall authenticate and make available for delivery, Securities in definitive form, in an aggregate principal
amount at maturity equal to the principal amount at maturity of the Global Security representing such Securities, in exchange for such Global Security. The Issuers shall reimburse the Registrar, the Depository and the Trustee for expenses they incur
in documenting such exchanges and issuances of Securities in definitive form. 
  
 The Issuers may at any time and in their sole discretion determine that the Securities shall no longer be represented by such Global Security or Securities. In such event the Issuers will execute, and the Trustee,
upon receipt of a written order for the authentication and delivery of individual Securities in exchange in whole or in part for such Global Security or Securities, will authenticate and make available for delivery individual Securities in
definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such Global Security or Securities in exchange for such Global Security or Securities. 
  
 In any exchange provided for in any of the preceding two paragraphs, the Issuers will execute and the Trustee will
authenticate and make available for delivery individual Securities in definitive registered form in authorized denominations. Upon the exchange of a Global Security for individual Securities, such Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee.
Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.6(b) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depository for such Global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or
indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall make available for delivery such Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered. 
  
 Neither the Issuers, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Registrar will have
any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in a Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial
ownership interests. 
  
 2.7. Replacement
Securities. 
  
 If a mutilated Security is surrendered to the
Trustee or if the Holder of a Security claims that the Security has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Issuers shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a replacement Security if the Trustee’s requirements are met. If required
by the Trustee or the Issuers, such Holder must provide an indemnity bond or other indemnity, sufficient in the judgment of the Issuers and the Trustee, to protect the Issuers, the Trustee or any Agent from any loss which any of them may suffer if a
Security is replaced. The Issuers may charge such Holder for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in replacing a Security pursuant to this Section 2.7, including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel. 
  

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 Every replacement Security is an additional obligation of the Issuers. 
  
 2.8. Outstanding Securities. 
  
 Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities that have been
authenticated by the Trustee except those cancelled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation and those described in this Section as not outstanding. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Issuers, any Guarantor or any of their
respective Subsidiaries or Affiliates holds the Security. 
  
 If a
Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.7 (other than a mutilated Security surrendered for replacement), it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona
fide purchaser or a protected purchaser. A mutilated Security ceases to be outstanding upon surrender of such Security and replacement thereof pursuant to Section 2.7. If the principal amount of any Security is considered paid under Section
4.1, it ceases to be outstanding and interest ceases to accrue. 
  
 If on a Redemption Date or the Maturity Date the Paying Agent (other than the Issuers or a Subsidiary) holds U.S. Legal Tender sufficient to pay all of the principal, premium, if any, and interest due on the Securities payable on that date,
then on and after that date such Securities cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue. 
  
 2.9. Treasury Securities. 
  
 In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Securities owned by
the Issuers, any of their Subsidiaries or any of its respective Affiliates shall be disregarded, except that, for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Securities
that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows or has reason to know are so owned shall be disregarded. 
  
 2.10. Temporary Securities. 
  
 Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Issuers may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities. Temporary Securities
shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Issuers consider appropriate for temporary Securities, as evidenced by execution of such temporary Securities by the Issuers. Without unreasonable delay,
the Issuers shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities. Until such exchange, temporary Securities shall be entitled to the same rights, benefits and privileges as definitive
Securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, so long as the Securities are represented by a Global Security, such Global Security may be in typewritten form. 
  
 2.11. Cancellation. 
  
 The Issuers at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any
Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee, or at the direction of the Trustee, the 

  

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Registrar or the Paying Agent (other than the Issuers or a Subsidiary), and no one else, shall cancel and shall dispose of all Securities surrendered for
registration of transfer, exchange, payment or cancellation. Subject to Section 2.7, the Issuers may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that they have paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. If the Issuers or any Guarantor
shall acquire any of the Securities, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the Indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation pursuant to this
Section 2.11. 
  
 2.12. Defaulted
Interest. 
  
 If the Issuers default in a payment of interest
on the Securities, it shall, unless the Trustee fixes another record date pursuant to Section 6.10, pay the defaulted interest, plus (to the extent lawful) any interest payable on the defaulted interest, in any lawful manner. The Issuers may pay the
defaulted interest to the Persons who are Holders on a subsequent special record date, which date shall be the fifteenth day next preceding the date fixed by the Issuers for the payment of defaulted interest or the next succeeding Business Day if
such date is not a Business Day. At least 15 days before any such subsequent special record date, the Issuers shall mail to each Holder, with a copy to the Trustee, a notice that states the subsequent special record date, the payment date and the
amount of defaulted interest, and interest payable on such defaulted interest, if any, to be paid. 
  
 2.13. CUSIP and ISIN Numbers. 
  
 The Issuers in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” and “ISIN” numbers, and if so, the Trustee shall use the CUSIP
numbers in notices of redemption or exchange as a convenience to Holders; provided, however, that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP and ISIN numbers printed in the
notice or on the Securities, and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities and that any such redemption or exchange shall not be affected by any defect or omission of such CUSIP and ISIN numbers.
The Issuers will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in CUSIP or ISIN number. 
  
 2.14. Restrictive Legends. 
  
 Unless and until a Security is exchanged for an Exchange Note or sold in connection with an effective registration statement under the Securities Act
pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, (i) the U.S. Global Securities shall bear the legend set forth below (the “Private Placement Legend”) on the face thereof and (ii) the Offshore Physical Securities, until at least the
41st day after the Issue Date and receipt by the Issuers and the Trustee of a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto, and the Temporary Offshore Global Securities shall bear the legend set forth below on the face thereof.

  
 THIS SECURITY HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S.
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OR TO, OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF, U.S. PERSONS EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. BY


  

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ITS ACQUISITION HEREOF, THE HOLDER (1) REPRESENTS THAT (A) IT IS A “QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER” (AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT) OR (B) IT IS NOT A U.S. PERSON AND IS ACQUIRING THIS SECURITY IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (2) AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT, WITHIN THE TIME PERIOD REFERRED TO IN RULE 144(k) UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT AS IN EFFECT ON THE DATE OF THE TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY, RESELL OR OTHERWISE TRANSFER THIS SECURITY EXCEPT (A) TO THE ISSUERS, THEIR DIRECT OR INDIRECT PARENTS OR ANY SUBSIDIARY THEREOF, (B) TO A PERSON WHOM THE HOLDER
REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (C) OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 904 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (D) PURSUANT TO THE
EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT (IF AVAILABLE) OR PURSUANT TO ANY OTHER EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR (E) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT
AND (3) AGREES THAT IT WILL GIVE TO EACH PERSON TO WHOM THIS SECURITY IS TRANSFERRED A NOTICE SUBSTANTIALLY TO THE EFFECT OF THIS LEGEND. IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY WITHIN THE TIME PERIOD REFERRED TO IN RULE 144(k) UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT AFTER THE ORIGINAL ISSUANCE OF THE SECURITIES, THE HOLDER MUST CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX SET FORTH ON THE REVERSE HEREOF RELATING TO THE MANNER OF SUCH TRANSFER AND SUBMIT THIS CERTIFICATE TO THE TRUSTEE. IF THE PROPOSED TRANSFEREE IS
A NON-U.S. PERSON, THE HOLDER MUST, PRIOR TO SUCH TRANSFER, FURNISH TO THE TRUSTEE AND THE ISSUERS SUCH CERTIFICATIONS, LEGAL OPINIONS OR OTHER INFORMATION AS EITHER OF THEM MAY REASONABLY REQUIRE TO CONFIRM THAT SUCH TRANSFER IS BEING MADE PURSUANT
TO AN EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT. AS USED HEREIN, THE TERMS “OFFSHORE TRANSACTION,” “UNITED STATES” AND “U.S. PERSON”
HAVE THE MEANING GIVEN TO THEM BY REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT. THE INDENTURE CONTAINS A PROVISION REQUIRING THE TRUSTEE TO REFUSE TO REGISTER ANY TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN VIOLATION OF THE FOREGOING RESTRICTION. 
  
 Each Global Security shall also bear the following legend on the face
thereof: 
  
 UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART
FOR SECURITIES IN DEFINITIVE FORM, THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITORY TO A 

  

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NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY, OR BY ANY SUCH NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY, OR BY THE DEPOSITORY OR NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITORY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A
SUCCESSOR DEPOSITORY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITORY. UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE ISSUERS OR THEIR AGENT FOR
REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT HEREON IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO
SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST
HEREIN. 
  
 TRANSFERS OF THIS GLOBAL SECURITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO
TRANSFERS IN WHOLE, BUT NOT IN PART, TO NOMINEES OF CEDE & CO. OR TO A SUCCESSOR THEREOF OR SUCH SUCCESSOR’S NOMINEE AND TRANSFERS OF PORTIONS OF THIS GLOBAL SECURITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO TRANSFERS MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RESTRICTIONS
SET FORTH IN SECTION 2.16 OF THE INDENTURE GOVERNING THIS SECURITY. 
  
 2.15. Book-Entry Provisions For Global Security. 
  
 (a) Each Global Security initially shall (i) be registered in the name of the Depository or the nominee of such Depository, (ii) be delivered to the Trustee as custodian for such Depository and (iii) bear legends as
set forth in Section 2.14. 
  
 Members of, or participants in, the
Depository (“Agent Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depository, or the Trustee as its custodian, or under any Global Security, and the Depository may
be treated by the Issuers, the Trustee and any agent of the Issuers or the Trustee as the absolute owner of each Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Issuers, the Trustee or any
agent of the Issuers or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depository or impair, as between the Depository and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices governing
the exercise of the rights of a Holder of any Security. 
  
 (b)
Transfers of Global Securities shall be limited to transfers in whole, but not in part, to the Depository, its successors or their respective nominees. Interests of beneficial owners in any Global Security may be transferred or, subject to Section
2.1, exchanged for Physical Securities in accordance with the rules and procedures of the Depository and the provisions of Section 2.16. In addition, Offshore Physical Securities shall be transferred to all beneficial owners in exchange for their
beneficial interests in U.S. Global Securities or Offshore Global Securities, 

  

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as the case may be, if (i) the Depository notifies the Issuers that they are unwilling or unable to continue as Depository for the U.S. Global Securities or
the Offshore Global Securities and a successor depositary is not appointed by the Issuers within 90 days of such notice or (ii) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Registrar has received a written request from the Depository
or the Trustee to issue Physical Securities. 
  
 (c) In connection
with any transfer or exchange of a portion of the beneficial interest in any Global Security to beneficial owners pursuant to paragraph (b), the Registrar shall (if one or more Offshore Physical Securities are to be issued) reflect on its books and
records the date and a decrease in the principal amount of such Global Security in an amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interest in such Global Security to be transferred, and the Issuers shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and make available for delivery, one or more Offshore Physical Securities, as the case may be, of like tenor and amount. 
  
 (d) In connection with the transfer of U.S. Global Securities or Offshore Global Securities, in whole, to beneficial owners pursuant to paragraph (b), the
U.S. Global Securities or the Offshore Global Securities, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation, and the Issuers shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, to
each beneficial owner identified by the Depository in exchange for its beneficial interest in such U.S. Global Securities or Offshore Global Securities, as the case may be, an equal aggregate principal amount of Offshore Physical Securities, as the
case may be, of authorized denominations. 
  
 (e) Any Physical
Security constituting a Restricted Security delivered in exchange for an interest in a Global Security pursuant to paragraph (b) or (c) shall, except as otherwise provided by paragraphs (a)(i)(x), (d), (e)(ii) and (f) of Section 2.16, bear the
legend regarding transfer restrictions applicable to the Physical Securities set forth in Section 2.14. 
  
 (f) The Holder of a Global Security may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any person, including Agent Members and persons that may hold interests
through Agent Members, to take any action which a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities. 
  
 2.16. Special Transfer Provisions. 
  
 (a) Transfers to QIBs. The following provisions shall apply with respect to the registration of any proposed transfer of a Security to a QIB
(excluding transfers to Non-U.S. Persons): 
  
 if the Security to
be transferred consists of (x) Offshore Physical Securities prior to the removal of the Private Placement Legend, the Registrar shall register the transfer if such transfer is being made by a proposed transferor who has checked the box provided for
on the form of Security stating, or has otherwise advised the Issuers and the Registrar in writing, that the sale has been made in compliance with the provisions of Rule 144A to a transferee who has signed the certification provided for on the form
of Security stating, or has otherwise advised the Issuers and the Registrar in writing, that it is purchasing the Security for its own account or an account with respect to which it exercises sole investment discretion and that it and any such
account is a QIB within the meaning of Rule 144A, and is aware that the sale to it is being made in reliance on Rule 144A and acknowledges 

  

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that it has received such information regarding the Issuers as it has requested pursuant to Rule 144A or has determined not to request such information and
that it is aware that the transferor is relying upon its foregoing representations in order to claim the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144A or (y) an interest in the U.S. Global Securities, the transfer of such interest may be
effected only through the book entry system maintained by the Depository. 
  
 (b) Transfers of Interests in the Temporary Offshore Global Securities. The following provisions shall apply with respect to registration of any proposed transfer of an interest in a Temporary Offshore Global
Securities: 
  
 (i) The Registrar shall register
the transfer of any Security (x) if the proposed transferee is a Non-U.S. Person and the proposed transferor has delivered to the Registrar a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto or (y) if the proposed transferee is a QIB and
the proposed transferor has checked the box provided for on the form of Security stating, or has otherwise advised the Issuers and the Registrar in writing, that the sale has been made in compliance with the provisions of Rule 144A to a transferee
who has signed the certification provided for on the form of Security stating, or has otherwise advised the Issuers and the Registrar in writing, that it is purchasing the Security for its own account or an account with respect to which it exercises
sole investment discretion and that it and any such account is a QIB within the meaning of Rule 144A, and is aware that the sale to it is being made in reliance on Rule 144A and acknowledges that it has received such information regarding the
Issuers as it has requested pursuant to Rule 144A or has determined not to request such information and that it is aware that the transferor is relying upon its foregoing representations in order to claim the exemption from registration provided by
Rule 144A. 
  
 (ii) If the proposed transferee is
an Agent Member, upon receipt by the Registrar of the documents referred to in clause (i)(y) above and instructions given in accordance with the Depository’s and the Registrar’s procedures, the Registrar shall reflect on its books and
records the date and an increase in the principal amount of the U.S. Global Securities in an amount equal to the principal amount of the Temporary Offshore Global Securities to be transferred, and the Trustee shall decrease the amount of the
Temporary Offshore Global Securities. 
  
 (c) Transfers of
Interests in the Permanent Offshore Global Securities or Unlegended Offshore Physical Securities. The following provisions shall apply with respect to any transfer of interests in Permanent Offshore Global Securities or unlegended Offshore
Physical Securities. The Registrar shall register the transfer of any such Security without requiring any additional certification. 
  
 (d) Transfers to Non-U.S. Persons at Any Time. The following provisions shall apply with respect to any transfer of a Security to a Non-U.S.
Person: 
  
 (i) Prior to the 41st day after the
Issue Date, the Registrar shall register any proposed transfer of a Security to a Non-U.S. Person upon receipt of a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto from the proposed transferor. 
  

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 (ii) On and after the 41st day after the Issue Date, the Registrar shall register any
proposed transfer to any Non-U.S. Person if the Security to be transferred is an interest in U.S. Global Securities, upon receipt of a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto from the proposed transferor. 
  
 (iii) (a) If the proposed transferor is an Agent Member
holding a beneficial interest in the U.S. Global Securities, upon receipt by the Registrar of (x) the documents, if any, required by paragraph (ii) and (y) instructions in accordance with the Depository’s and the Registrar’s procedures,
the Registrar shall reflect on its books and records the date and a decrease in the principal amount of the U.S. Global Securities in an amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interest in the U.S. Global Securities to be transferred,
and (b) if the proposed transferee is an Agent Member, upon receipt by the Registrar of instructions given in accordance with the Depository’s and the Registrar’s procedures, the Registrar shall reflect on its books and records the date
and an increase in the principal amount of the Offshore Global Securities in an amount equal to the principal amount of the U.S. Global Securities to be transferred and decrease the amount of the U.S. Global Security. 
  
 (e) Private Placement Legend. Upon the registration of transfer,
exchange or replacement of Securities not bearing the Private Placement Legend, the Registrar shall make available for delivery Securities that do not bear the Private Placement Legend. Upon the registration of transfer, exchange or replacement of
Securities bearing the Private Placement Legend, the Registrar shall make available for delivery only Securities that bear the Private Placement Legend unless (i) the circumstance contemplated by paragraph (a)(i)(x), (d) or (e)(ii) of this Section
2.16 exists or (ii) there is delivered to the Registrar an Opinion of Counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Issuers and the Trustee to the effect that neither such legend nor the related restrictions on transfer are required in order to maintain
compliance with the provisions of the Securities Act. 
  
 (f)
General. By its acceptance of any Security bearing the Private Placement Legend, each Holder of such Security acknowledges the restrictions on transfer of such Security set forth in this Indenture and in the Private Placement Legend and
agrees that it will transfer such Security only as provided in this Indenture. 
  
 The Registrar shall retain copies of all letters, notices and other written communications received pursuant to Section 2.15 or this Section 2.16 in accordance with its customary procedures. The Issuers shall have the
right to inspect and make copies of all such letters, notices or other written communications at any reasonable time upon the giving of reasonable written notice to the Registrar. 
  
 (g) No Obligation of the Trustee. (i) The Trustee shall have no responsibility or obligation to any beneficial owner
of a Global Security, a member of, or a participant in the Depository or any other Person with respect to the accuracy of the records of the Depository or its nominee or of any participant member thereof, with respect to any ownership interest in
the Securities or with respect to the delivery to any participant, member, beneficial owner or other Person (other than the Depository) of any notice (including any notice of redemption or repurchase) or the payment of any amount, under or with
respect to such Securities. All notices and communications 

  

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to be given to the Holders and all payments to be made to Holders under the Securities shall be given or made only to the registered Holders (which shall be
the Depository or its nominee in the case of a Global Security). The rights of beneficial owners in any Global Security shall be exercised only through the Depository subject to the applicable rules and procedures of the Depository. The Trustee may
rely and shall be fully protected in relying upon information furnished by the Depository with respect to its members, participants and any beneficial owners. 
  

(ii) The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under
this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among Depository participants, members or beneficial owners in any Global Security) other than to require
delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by, the terms of this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with
the express requirements hereof. 
  
 ARTICLE III 
  
 REDEMPTION 
  
 3.1. Notices to Trustee. 
  
 If the Issuers elect to redeem Securities pursuant to Paragraph 6 of the Securities, they shall notify the Trustee in
writing of the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price and the principal amount of the applicable Securities to be redeemed. The Issuers shall give notice of redemption to the Paying Agent and Trustee at least 45 days but not more than 60 days before
the Redemption Date (unless a shorter notice shall be agreed to by the Trustee in writing), together with an Officers’ Certificate stating that such redemption will comply with the conditions contained herein. 
  
 3.2. Selection of Securities To Be Redeemed.

  
 In the event that less than all of the Securities are to be
redeemed at any time, selection of such Securities for redemption will be made by the Trustee in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which such Securities are listed or, if such Securities are
not then listed on a national securities exchange, on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate; provided, however, that no Securities of a principal amount of $1,000 or
less shall be redeemed in part; and provided, further, that if a partial redemption is made with the Net Cash Proceeds of an Asset Sale or Equity Offering, selection of the Securities or portions thereof for redemption shall be made by
the Trustee only on a pro rata basis or on as nearly a pro rata basis as is practicable (subject to the procedures of the Depository), unless such method is otherwise prohibited. 
  
 3.3. Notice of Redemption. 
  
 At least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a Redemption Date, the
Issuers shall mail a notice of redemption by first class mail, postage prepaid, to each Holder whose Securities 

  

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are to be redeemed at its registered address. At the Issuer’s request at least 45 days before a Redemption Date (unless a shorter period shall be
acceptable to the Trustee), the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Issuer’s name and at the Issuer’s expense. Each notice of redemption shall identify the Securities to be redeemed and shall state: 
  
 (a) the Redemption Date; 
  
 (b) the Redemption Price and the amount of accrued interest,
if any, to be paid; 
  
 (c) the name and address
of the Paying Agent; 
  
 (d) that Securities
called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the Redemption Price plus accrued interest, if any; 
  
 (e) that, unless the Issuers default in making the redemption payment, interest on Securities called for redemption ceases to accrue on
and after the Redemption Date, and the only remaining right of the Holders of such Securities is to receive payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any, upon surrender to the Paying Agent of the Securities redeemed; 
  
 (f) if any Security is being redeemed in part, the portion
of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the Redemption Date, and upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in aggregate principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued;

  
 (g) if fewer than all the Securities are to
be redeemed, the identification of the particular Securities (or portion thereof) to be redeemed, as well as the aggregate principal amount of Securities to be redeemed and the aggregate principal amount of Securities to be outstanding after such
partial redemption; 
  
 (h) the Paragraph of the
Securities pursuant to which the Securities are to be redeemed; and 
  
 (i) the CUSIP or ISIN number, if any, printed on the Securities being redeemed and a statement that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP or ISIN number, if any, listed in such
notice or printed on the Securities. 
  
 The notice, if mailed in
a manner herein provided, shall be conclusively presumed to have been given, whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case, failure to give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any Security designated for
redemption in whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Security. 
  

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 3.4. Effect of Notice of Redemption. 
  
 Once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section 3.3,
Securities called for redemption become due and payable on the Redemption Date and at the Redemption Price plus accrued interest, if any. Upon surrender to the Trustee or Paying Agent, such Securities called for redemption shall be paid at the
Redemption Price (which shall include accrued interest thereon to the Redemption Date), but installments of interest, the maturity of which is on or prior to the Redemption Date, shall be payable to Holders of record at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates. 
  
 3.5. Deposit of
Redemption Price. 
  
 On or before 11:00 a.m. New York time
on the Redemption Date, the Issuers shall deposit with the Paying Agent U.S. Legal Tender sufficient to pay the Redemption Price plus accrued interest, if any, of all Securities to be redeemed on that date. 
  
 If the Issuers comply with the preceding paragraph, then, unless the Issuers
default in the payment of such Redemption Price plus accrued interest, if any, interest on the Securities to be redeemed will cease to accrue on and after the applicable Redemption Date, whether or not such Securities are presented for payment.

  
 3.6. Securities Redeemed In Part.

  
 Upon surrender of a Security that is to be redeemed in part
only, the Trustee shall upon written instruction from the Issuers authenticate for the Holder a new Security or Securities in a principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered. 
  
 ARTICLE IV 
  
 COVENANTS 
  
 4.1. Payment of Securities. 
  
 The Issuers shall pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities in the manner provided in the Securities. An installment of
principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities shall be considered paid on the date it is due if the Trustee or Paying Agent holds on that date U.S. Legal Tender designated for and sufficient to pay the installment, unless the
provisions of Article X hereof prohibit such payment. If the Issuers or any Subsidiary of the Issuers acts as Paying Agent, an installment of principal, premium, if any, or interest shall be considered paid on the date it is due if the entity acting
as Paying Agent complies with the second sentence of Section 2.4. Interest on the Securities will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months. As provided in Section 6.9, upon any bankruptcy or reorganization
procedure relative to the Issuers, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent, if any, for the Securities. 
  

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 4.2. Maintenance of Office or Agency. 
  
 The Issuers shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, the office or agency required under Section 2.3. The Issuers shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Issuers shall fail to maintain any such
required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the address of the Trustee set forth in Section 13.2. 
  
 The Issuers may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or
agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations. The Issuers will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of
any change in the location of any such other office or agency. 
  
 The Issuers hereby initially designate the Trustee at its address c/o The Bank of New York, 101 Barclay Street, 8th Floor West, New York, New York 10286, Attention: Corporate Trust Department/Quality Distribution, as such office of the
Issuers in accordance with Section 2.3. 
  
 4.3.
Limitation On Restricted Payments. 
  
 The Company shall
not, and shall not cause or permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, (1) declare or pay any dividend or make any distribution (other than dividends or distributions payable in Qualified Capital Stock of the Company) on
or in respect of shares of the Company’s Capital Stock to holders of such Capital Stock; (2) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire for value any Capital Stock of the Company or any warrants, rights or options to purchase or acquire
shares of any class of such Capital Stock of the Company; (3) make any principal payment on, purchase, defease, redeem, prepay, decrease or otherwise acquire or retire for value, prior to any scheduled final maturity, scheduled repayment or
scheduled sinking fund payment, any Indebtedness of the Company that is subordinate or junior in right of payment to the Securities or any Guarantee (other than Indebtedness described in clause (7) of the definition of “Permitted
Indebtedness”); or (4) make any Investment (other than Permitted Investments) (each of the foregoing actions set forth in clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) being referred to as a “Restricted Payment”), if at the time of such
Restricted Payment or immediately after giving effect thereto: 
  
 (a) a Default or an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; or 
  
 (b) the Company is not able to incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness) in compliance with
Section 4.4; or 
  

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 (c) the aggregate amount of Restricted Payments (including such proposed Restricted
Payment) made subsequent to the Issue Date (the amount expended for such purposes, if other than in cash, being the fair market value of such property as determined reasonably and in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company) shall exceed
the sum of: 
  
 (i) 50% of the cumulative
Consolidated Net Income (or if cumulative Consolidated Net Income shall be a loss, minus 100% of such loss) of the Company earned after the Issue Date and on or prior to the date the Restricted Payment is made (the “Reference Date”)
(treating such period as a single accounting period); plus 
  
 (ii) 100% of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds and the fair market value, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, of property other than cash received by the Company from any Person (other
than a Subsidiary of the Company) from the issuance and sale subsequent to the Issue Date and on or prior to the Reference Date of Qualified Capital Stock of the Company (other than Excluded Contributions); plus 
  
 (iii) without duplication of any amounts included in clause
(c)(ii) above, 100% of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds of any equity contribution received by the Company from a holder of the Company’s Capital Stock (other than Excluded Contributions) after the Issue Date and on or prior to the Reference
Date; plus 
  
 (iv) the amount by which
Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries is reduced on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet upon the conversion or exchange subsequent to the Issue Date of any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries incurred after the Issue Date into or for Qualified Capital Stock; plus 
  
 (v) without duplication, the sum of: 
  
 (a) the aggregate amount returned in cash on or with respect to Investments (other than Permitted Investments) made after the Issue Date
whether through interest payments, principal payments, dividends or other distributions or payments; 
  
 (b) the net cash proceeds received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company from the disposition of all or any portion
of such Investments (other than to a Subsidiary of the Company); and 
  
 (c) upon redesignation of an Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, the fair market value of such Subsidiary (valued in each case as provided in the definition of “Investment”);

  
 provided, however, that the sum of clauses (a),
(b) and (c) above shall not exceed the aggregate amount of all such Investments made by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in the relevant Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary subsequent to the Issue Date. 
  

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 However, the provisions set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph do not prohibit: 
  
 (1) the payment of any dividend or other distribution within
60 days after the date of declaration of such dividend or other distribution if the dividend or other distribution would have been permitted on the date of declaration; 
  
 (2) if no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the acquisition of any shares
of Capital Stock of the Company, either (a) solely in exchange for shares of Qualified Capital Stock of the Company or Qualified Capital Stock of QD Inc., or (b) through the application of net proceeds of a substantially concurrent sale for cash
(other than to a Subsidiary of the Company) of shares of Qualified Capital Stock of the Company or, to the extent the proceeds therefrom are contributed by QD Inc. to the Company, from the shares of Capital Stock of QD Inc.; 
  
 (3) if no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred
and be continuing, the acquisition of any Indebtedness of the Company or a Guarantor that is subordinate or junior in right of payment to the Securities or a Guarantee either (a) solely in exchange for shares of Qualified Capital Stock of the
Company or QD Inc., or (b) through the application of net proceeds of a substantially concurrent sale for cash (other than to a Subsidiary of the Company) of (i) shares of Qualified Capital Stock of the Company or QD Inc. or (ii) Refinancing
Indebtedness; 
  
 (4) if no Default or Event of
Default shall have occurred and be continuing, repurchases by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company of, or dividends, distributions or advances to QD Inc. to allow QD Inc. to repurchase (and/or to make payments on notes theretofore
issued by QD Inc. representing the consideration for the previous repurchase of), securities of QD Inc. or the Company from employees, managers, directors or consultants of QD Inc., the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or their authorized
representatives (a) upon the death, disability or termination of employment of such employees, managers, directors or consultants or to the extent required pursuant to employee benefit plans, employment agreements or consulting agreements, (b)
pursuant to any other agreements with such employees, managers or directors of or consultants of QD Inc., the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $2.5 million in any calendar year (with unused amounts in
any calendar year being carried over to succeeding years subject to a maximum of $5.0 million in any calendar year); provided that the cancellation of Indebtedness owing to QD Inc., the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company from
such employees, managers, directors or consultants of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with a repurchase of Capital Stock of the Company will not be deemed to constitute a Restricted Payment under this Indenture, or
(c) to the extent required pursuant to the Shareholder Agreement or the Option Plan; 
  
 (5) the declaration and payment of dividends to holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock of the Company; provided that for
the most recently ended four full fiscal quarters for which internal financial statements are available immediately preceding the date of issuance of such Preferred Stock, after giving effect to such issuance on a pro forma basis, the Company
would have been able to incur at least $1.00 of Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness) pursuant to Section 4.4; 
  

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 (6) the payment of dividends on the Company’s Common Stock (or dividends,
distributions or advances to QD Inc. to allow QD Inc. to pay dividends on QD Inc.’s Common Stock), following any public offering of the Company’s Common Stock (or of QD Inc.’s Common Stock) after the Issue Date, of (i) in the case of
any public offering of the Company’s Common Stock, up to 6% per annum of the net proceeds received by the Company in such public offering, or (ii) in the case of any public offering of QD Inc.’s Common Stock, up to 6% per annum of the
amount contributed to the Company by QD Inc. from the proceeds received by QD Inc. from such offering, other than, in each case, public offerings with respect to the Company’s Common Stock (or QD Inc.’s Common Stock) registered on Form S-8
(or any successor form); 
  
 (7) other Restricted
Payments in an aggregate amount not to exceed $15.0 million; 
  
 (8) if no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, payments or distributions to, or dividends, distributions or advances to QD Inc. to allow QD Inc. to make payments or distributions to,
dissenting stockholders pursuant to applicable law, pursuant to or in connection with a consolidation, merger or transfer of assets that complies with the provisions of this Indenture applicable to mergers, consolidations and transfers of all or
substantially all of the property and assets of the Company; 
  
 (9) Investments that are made with Excluded Contributions; 
  
 (10) repurchases of Capital Stock deemed to occur upon the exercise of stock options, warrants or other convertible securities, to the
extent such Capital Stock represents a portion of the consideration for such exercise; 
  
 (11) payment of dividends, other distributions or other amounts by the Company to QD Inc. in amounts required for QD Inc. in amounts
required for QD Inc. to pay (x) reasonable fees and compensation incurred by QD Inc. in respect of services provided by officers, managers and other employees of QD Inc. in the ordinary course of business with respect to the operations and business
of the Company and its Subsidiaries and (y) franchise taxes and other fees required to maintain its existence and provide for all other operating costs of QD Inc., in the ordinary course of business, either for its own benefit or for the benefit of
the Company or its Subsidiaries, including, without limitation, in the case of clause (y), in respect of director fees and expenses, administrative, legal and accounting services provided by third parties and other costs and expenses, including all
costs and expenses with respect to filings with the Commission or furnishing to holders of the securities of the Company the information to be provided pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act; provided that in no event shall the amount
dividended or otherwise distributed pursuant to clause (y) of this clause (11) exceed $2.5 million in any fiscal year; 
  
 (12) the acquisition of any shares of Disqualified Capital Stock of the Company either (a) solely in exchange for shares of Disqualified
Capital Stock of the Company or Capital Stock of QD Inc. or (b) through the application of the net proceeds of a substantially concurrent sale for cash (other than to a Subsidiary of the Company) of shares of Disqualified Capital Stock of the
Company or, to the extent the proceeds therefrom are contributed by QD Inc. to the Company, from shares of Capital Stock of QD Inc.; 
  

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 (13) any purchase or redemption of Indebtedness that ranks junior to the Securities
utilizing any Net Cash Proceeds remaining after the Company has complied with the requirements of the covenants described under Sections 4.16 and 4.17; 
  
 (14) the payment of dividends, other distributions or amounts by the Company to QD Inc. in amounts required to pay the tax obligations of
QD Inc. or any of its direct or indirect parents that are attributable to the income of the Company and its Subsidiaries by virtue of (1) Quality Distribution, LLC being a pass-through entity for federal or state income tax purposes or (2) the
inclusion of such income in a consolidated or combined or similar tax group of which QD Inc. is the common parent; provided that (x) the amount of dividends paid pursuant to this clause (14) to enable QD Inc. or any of its direct or indirect
parents to pay Federal and state income taxes at any time shall not exceed the amount of such Federal and state income taxes actually owing by QD Inc. or any of its direct or indirect parents at such time for the respective period (excluding any tax
liability of QD Inc. or any of its direct and indirect parents not attributable to the Company or its Subsidiaries) and (y) any refunds received by or on behalf of QD Inc. or any of its direct or indirect parents attributable to the Company and its
Subsidiaries shall promptly be returned by QD Inc. or any of its direct or indirect parents to the Company; 
  
 (15) if no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, payments of cash, or dividends, distributions or advances to
QD Inc. to allow QD Inc. to make payments of cash, in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares upon the exercise of warrants or upon the conversion or exchange of, or issuance of Capital Stock in lieu of cash dividends on, any Capital Stock of QD
Inc., the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, which in the aggregate do not exceed $5.0 million; 
  
 (16) if no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the payment of dividends, distributions or other amounts by
the Company to QD Inc. in amounts required for QD Inc. to pay cash interest, principal and any required premium at any time prior to or at maturity on the QD Inc. Floating Rate Notes (or any Indebtedness that Refinances such notes) then outstanding;
provided that the amount payable by the Company pursuant to this clause (16) shall not exceed the amount necessary to pay the cash interest, principal and any required premium owing with respect to the QD Inc. Floating Rate Notes (or any
Indebtedness that Refinances such notes); 
  
 (17) so long as no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the payment of dividends, distributions or other amounts by the Company to QD Inc. in amounts required for QD Inc. to pay cash interest as and when due on
the Shareholder Subordinated Notes (or any Indebtedness that Refinances such notes) then outstanding; provided that the amount payable by the Company pursuant to this clause (17) shall not exceed the amount necessary to pay the cash interest
owing with respect to the Shareholder Subordinated Notes (or any Indebtedness that Refinances such notes); 
  

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 (18) so long as no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the
payment of dividends, distributions or other amounts by the Company to QD Inc. in amounts required for QD Inc. to pay cash interest as and when due on the Convertible Subordinated Notes (or any Indebtedness that Refinances such notes) then
outstanding; provided that the amount payable by the Company pursuant to this clause (18) shall not exceed the amount necessary to pay the cash interest owing with respect to the Convertible Subordinated Notes (or any Indebtedness that
Refinances such notes); 
  
 (19) so long as no
Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the payment of amounts received by the Company pursuant to a delayed draw on the term loan portion of the Credit Agreement in an amount not to exceed $100 million (such delayed draw
to be effected within 45 days of the Issue Date) to QD Inc. in amounts required for QD Inc. to pay cash interest as and when due on, the principal amount of and any applicable redemption premiums on the Subordinated Notes outstanding on the Issue
Date (together with any additional Subordinated Notes issued after the Issue Date as pay-in-kind interest); and 
  
 (20) any payments or dividends, distributions or other amounts by the Company to QD Inc. to allow QD Inc. to satisfy its obligations under
the Shareholder Agreement. 
  
 In determining the aggregate amount of Restricted
Payments made subsequent to the Issue Date in accordance with clause (c) of the immediately preceding paragraph, amounts expended pursuant to clauses (1), (2)(b), 3(b) (with respect to Qualified Capital Stock of the Company), (4), (5), (6), (7),
(8), (13) and (15) shall be included in such calculation. 
  
 The
amount of all Restricted Payments other than cash shall be the fair market value on the date of the Restricted Payment of the asset(s) or securities proposed to be transferred or issued by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may
be, pursuant to the Restricted Payment. 
  
 Not later than the
date of making any Restricted Payment, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that such Restricted Payment complies with this Indenture and setting forth in reasonable detail the basis upon which the required
calculations were computed, which calculations may be based upon the Company’s latest available internal quarterly financial statements. 
  
 4.4. Limitation on Incurrence of Additional Indebtedness. 
  
 The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur,
assume, guarantee, acquire, become liable, contingently or otherwise, with respect to, or otherwise become responsible for payment of (collectively, “incur”) any Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness); provided,
however, that if no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of or as a consequence of the incurrence of any such Indebtedness, the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries may incur Indebtedness
(including, without limitation, Acquired Indebtedness) if on the date of the incurrence of such Indebtedness, after giving effect to the incurrence thereof, the Consolidated Fixed Charge 

  

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Coverage Ratio of the Company is greater than 2.0 to 1.0; provided that the amount of Indebtedness (other than Acquired Indebtedness) that may be
incurred in reliance on the preceding proviso by Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company (other than QD Capital) that have not Guaranteed the Securities in compliance with Section 4.14 or Section 4.19 shall not exceed $20.0 million at any one time
outstanding. 
  
 4.5. Corporate Existence.

  
 Except as otherwise permitted by Article Five, the Company
shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of its Restricted Subsidiaries in accordance with the respective
organizational documents of each such Restricted Subsidiary and the rights (charter and statutory) and material franchises of the Company and each of its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided, however, that neither the Company nor any
Restricted Subsidiary shall be required to preserve any such right or franchise or in the case of any Restricted Subsidiary, its existence, if (in each case) the Board of Directors of the Company shall determine that the loss thereof is not, and
will not be, adverse in any material respect to the Holders. 
  
 4.6. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims. 
  
 The Company shall pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before the same shall become delinquent, (a) all material taxes, assessments and governmental charges levied or imposed upon it or any of its
Subsidiaries or upon the income, profits or property of it or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and (b) all lawful claims for labor, materials and supplies which, in each case, if unpaid, might by law become a material liability or Lien upon the
property of it or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided, however, that neither the Company nor any such Restricted Subsidiary shall be required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax, assessment,
charge or claim whose amount, (i) the applicability or validity is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which appropriate provision has been made or (ii) where the failure to effect such payment or discharge is not
adverse in any material respect to the Holders. 
  
 4.7. Maintenance of Properties and Insurance. 
  
 (a) The Company shall cause all material properties owned by or leased by it or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries used or useful to the conduct of its business or the business of any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to be
maintained and kept in normal condition, repair and working order (ordinary wear and tear and damage by casualty excepted) and supplied with all necessary equipment and shall cause to be made all repairs, renewals, replacements, and betterments
thereof, all as in its judgment may be necessary, so that the business carried on in connection therewith may be properly and advantageously conducted at all times; provided, however, that nothing in this Section 4.7 shall prevent the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries from discontinuing the use, operation or maintenance of any of such properties, or disposing of any of them, if such discontinuance or disposal is, in the judgment of the Board of Directors of the
Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary, and if such discontinuance or disposal is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders; provided
further that nothing in this Section 4.7 shall prevent the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries from discontinuing or disposing of any properties to the extent otherwise permitted by this Indenture. 
  

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 (b) The Company shall maintain, and shall cause its Restricted Subsidiaries to maintain, insurance with
responsible carriers against such risks and in such amounts, and with such deductibles, retentions, self-insured amounts and co-insurance provisions, as are, in the Company’s reasonable judgment, customarily carried by similar businesses of
similar size, including property and casualty loss, workers’ compensation and interruption of business insurance. 
  
 4.8. Compliance Certificate; Notice of Default. 
  
 (a) The Issuers and each Guarantor, if any, shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the close of each fiscal
year of the Company, an Officers’ Certificate stating that a review of the activities of each of the Issuers has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether it has kept, observed, performed and
fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge, the Issuers or the applicable Guarantor during such preceding fiscal year have kept,
observed, performed and fulfilled each and every such covenant and no Default or Event of Default occurred during such year and at the date of such certificate there is no Default or Event of Default that has occurred and is continuing or, if such
signers do know of such Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe its status with particularity. The applicable Officers’ Certificate shall also notify the Trustee should either of the Issuers or any Guarantor elect to change
the manner in which it fixes its fiscal year end. 
  
 (b) The
annual financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 4.10 shall be accompanied by a written report of the Company’s independent accountants (who shall be a firm of established national reputation) that in conducting their audit of such
financial statements nothing has come to their attention that would lead them to believe that the Issuers have violated any provisions of Article Four, Five or Six of this Indenture insofar as they relate to accounting matters or, if any such
violation has occurred, specifying the nature and period of existence thereof, it being understood that such accountants shall not be liable directly or indirectly to any Person for any failure to obtain knowledge of any such violation. 

 
 (c) The Issuers shall deliver to the Trustee, in the event that any
Officer becomes aware of any Default or Event of Default in the performance of any covenant, agreement or condition contained in this Indenture, an Officers’ Certificate specifying the Default or Event of Default and describing its status with
particularity. 
  
 4.9. Compliance with
Laws. 
  
 The Company shall comply, and shall cause each of
its Subsidiaries to comply, with all applicable statutes, rules, regulations, orders and restrictions of the United States, all states and municipalities thereof, and of any governmental department, commission, board, regulatory authority, bureau,
agency and instrumentality of the foregoing, in respect of the conduct of their respective businesses and the ownership of their respective properties, except for such noncompliances as would not in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on
the financial condition or results of operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole. 
  

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 4.10. Reports to Holders. 
  
 Whether or not required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, so
long as any Securities are outstanding, the Company shall file a copy of the following information and reports with the Commission for public availability (unless the Commission will not accept such a filing) and shall furnish to the Holders of
Securities and to securities analysts and prospective investors, upon their written request: 
  
 (i) all quarterly and annual financial information that would be required to be contained in a filing with the Commission on Forms 10-Q
and 10-K if the Company were required to file such Forms, including a “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” that describes the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries and, with respect to the annual information only, a report thereon by the Company’s certified independent accountants; and 
  
 (ii) all current reports that would be required to be filed with the Commission on Form 8-K if the Company
were required to file such reports, in each case within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and regulations. 
  
 In addition, following the consummation of the Exchange Offer, whether or not required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, the Company shall
file a copy of all such information and reports with the Commission for public availability within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and regulations (unless the Commission will not accept such a filing) and make such
information available to securities analysts and prospective investors upon written request to the Company. 
  
 In addition, for so long as any Securities remain outstanding, the Company shall furnish to the Holders and to securities analysts and prospective
investors, upon their request, the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, so long as QD Inc. is a Guarantor, the information and reports required to be filed and provided as described above may be
those of QD Inc., rather than the Company, so long as such filing would satisfy the requirements of the Exchange Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. 
  

4.11. Waiver of Stay, Extension or Usury Laws. 
  
 The Issuers and each Guarantor, covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist
upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law or any usury law or other law that would prohibit or forgive such Issuers or such Guarantor from paying all or any portion of the principal
of, premium, if any, and/or interest on the Securities or the Guarantee of any such Guarantor as contemplated herein, wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, or which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture,
and (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) each hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer
and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted. 
  

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 4.12. Limitations on Transactions with Affiliates. 
  
 (a) The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, enter into or permit to exist any transaction or series of related transactions (including, without limitation, the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any property or the rendering of any service) with, or
for the benefit of, any of its Affiliates (each an “Affiliate Transaction”), other than (x) Affiliate Transactions permitted under paragraph (b) below and (y) Affiliate Transactions on terms that are no less favorable than those
that could reasonably have been obtained in a comparable transaction at such time on an arm’s-length basis from a Person that is not an Affiliate of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary. All Affiliate Transactions (and each series of
related Affiliate Transactions which are similar or part of a common plan) involving aggregate payments or other property with a fair market value in excess of $2.0 million shall be approved by the Board of Directors of the Company, such approval to
be evidenced by a Board Resolution stating that each such Board of Directors has determined that such transaction complies with the foregoing provisions. If the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company enters into an Affiliate Transaction
(or a series of related Affiliate Transactions related to a common plan) that involves an aggregate fair market value of more than $10.0 million, the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, shall, prior to the consummation
thereof, obtain a favorable opinion as to the fairness of such transaction or series of related transactions to the Company or the relevant Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, from a financial point of view, from an Independent Financial
Advisor and file the same with the Trustee. 
  
 (b) The
restrictions set forth in clause (a) shall not apply to: 
  
 (i) reasonable fees and compensation paid to and indemnity provided on behalf of, officers, managers, directors, employees or consultants of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company as determined in
good faith by the Company’s Board of Directors; 
  
 (ii) transactions exclusively between the Company and any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or exclusively among such Restricted Subsidiaries; provided such transactions are not otherwise prohibited by this Indenture; 
  
 (iii) any agreement as in effect or entered into as of the
Issue Date or any amendment thereto or any replacement agreement thereto or any transaction contemplated thereby so long as any such amendment or replacement agreement is not more disadvantageous to the Holders in any material respect than the
original agreement as in effect on the Issue Date; 
  
 (iv) Restricted Payments and Permitted Investments permitted by this Indenture; 
  
 (v) transactions in which the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, as the case may be, delivers to the Trustee a letter from an
Independent Financial Advisor stating that such transaction is fair to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary from a financial point of view or meets the requirements of the first sentence of paragraph (a) above; 
  

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 (vi) the issuance of securities or other payments, awards or grants in cash, securities
or otherwise pursuant to or the funding of, employment arrangements, stock options and stock ownership plans or similar employee benefit plans approved by the Board of Directors of the Company in good faith and loans to employees of the Company and
its Subsidiaries which are approved by the Board of Directors of the Company in good faith; 
  
 (vii) the payment of all fees and expenses related to the Transactions; 
  
 (viii) transactions with customers, clients, suppliers, or purchasers or sellers of goods or services, in
each case on ordinary business terms and otherwise in compliance with the terms of this Indenture, which are fair to the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries, in the reasonable determination of the Board of Directors of the Company or the senior
management thereof, or are on terms at least as favorable as could reasonably have been obtained at such time from an unaffiliated party; 
  
 (ix) fees payable to Apollo pursuant to, and transactions contemplated by, the Shareholder Agreement as in effect on the Issue Date or
pursuant to any amendment, restatement or replacement thereof to the extent that such amendment, restatement or replacement is not more disadvantageous to the Holders in any material respect than the Shareholder Agreement as in effect on the Issue
Date; 
  
 (x) any contribution to the capital of
the Company by QD Inc., or any sales of Capital Stock of the Company to QD Inc.; and 
  
 (xi) any tax sharing agreement or arrangement and payments pursuant thereto among the Company and its Subsidiaries and any other Person
with which the Company or its Subsidiaries is required or permitted to file a consolidated tax return or with which the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries is or could be part of a consolidated group for tax purposes in amounts not
otherwise prohibited by this Indenture. 
  
 4.13.
Limitations on Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Subsidiaries. 
  
 The Company shall not, and shall not cause or permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than a Restricted Subsidiary that has executed Guarantee) to, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause or permit
to exist or become effective any encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company to (a) pay dividends or make any other distribution on or in respect of its Capital Stock (it being understood that the priority
of any Preferred Stock in receiving dividends or liquidating distributions prior to dividends or liquidating distributions being paid on Common Stock shall not be deemed a restriction on the ability to make distributions on Capital Stock); (b) make
loans or advances or to pay any Indebtedness or other obligation owed to the Company or any other Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; or (c) transfer any of its 

  

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property or assets to the Company or any other Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, except for such encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason
of: 
  
 (i) applicable law, rule, regulation,
order, grant or governmental permit; 
  
 (ii)
this Indenture; 
  
 (iii) the Credit Agreement;

  
 (iv) customary non-assignment provisions of
any contract, license or any lease of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; 
  
 (v) any agreement or instrument governing Acquired Indebtedness, which encumbrance or restriction is not applicable to any Person, or the
properties or assets of any Person, other than the Person or the properties or assets of the Person so acquired; 
  
 (vi) agreements or instruments existing or entered into on the Issue Date to the extent and in the manner such agreements or instruments
are in effect on the Issue Date; 
  
 (vii)
purchase money obligations for property acquired in the ordinary course of business or Capitalized Lease Obligations that impose restrictions of the nature discussed in clause (c) above on the property so acquired; 
  
 (viii) contracts for the sale of assets, including, without
limitation, customary restrictions with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company pursuant to an agreement that has been entered into for the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the Capital Stock or assets of such Restricted
Subsidiary; 
  
 (ix) secured Indebtedness
otherwise permitted to be incurred pursuant to Sections 4.4 and 4.15 that limit the right of the debtor to dispose of the assets securing such Indebtedness; 
  
 (x) customary provisions in joint venture agreements and other similar agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business;

  
 (xi) customary net worth and restrictions on
transfer, assignment or subletting provisions contained in leases and other agreements entered into by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; 
  
 (xii) any restriction in any agreement or instrument of a Receivables Subsidiary governing a Qualified Receivables Transaction;

  
 (xiii) any agreement governing Indebtedness
incurred to Refinance the Indebtedness issued, assumed or incurred pursuant to an agreement referred to in clauses (i), (ii) and (v) through (xii) above; provided, however, that the provisions relating to such encumbrance or
restriction contained in any such Indebtedness, taken as a whole, are no less favorable to the Company or the respective Restricted Subsidiary in any material respect as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in their reasonable and
good faith judgment than the provisions relating to such encumbrance or restriction contained in agreements referred to in such clauses; or 
  

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 (xiv) any agreement governing Indebtedness permitted to be incurred pursuant to Section
4.4; provided that the provisions relating to such encumbrance or restriction contained in such Indebtedness, taken as a whole, are no less favorable to the Company in any material respect as determined by the Board of Directors of the
Company in their reasonable and good faith judgment than the provisions contained in the Credit Agreement or in this Indenture as in effect on the Issue Date. 
  

4.14. Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees By Restricted Subsidiaries. 
  
 After the Issue Date, the Company shall not permit any Domestic Restricted
Subsidiary of the Company, directly or indirectly, to Guarantee any Indebtedness of the Company under the Credit Agreement (“Guaranteed Indebtedness”), unless (i) such Domestic Restricted Subsidiary simultaneously executes and
delivers a supplemental indenture to this Indenture providing for an unsecured senior subordinated Guarantee of payment of the Securities by such Domestic Restricted Subsidiary, which Guarantee shall be subordinated to the guarantee of the
Indebtedness under the Credit Agreement to the same extent that the Securities are subordinated to the Credit Agreement and (ii) such Domestic Restricted Subsidiary waives and will not in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage
of any rights of reimbursement, indemnity or subrogation or any other rights against the Company or any other Domestic Restricted Subsidiary as a result of any payment by such Domestic Restricted Subsidiary under its Guarantee so long as any
Securities remain outstanding. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing,
or Section 4.19, any Guarantee by a Restricted Subsidiary may provide by its terms that it shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon (i) any sale, exchange or transfer, to any Person not an Affiliate of the Company, of
all of the Company’s and each Restricted Subsidiary’s Capital Stock in, or all or substantially all the assets of, such Restricted Subsidiary (which sale, exchange or transfer is not prohibited by this Indenture), (ii) the release or
discharge of the guarantee, if any, which resulted in the creation of such Guarantee, except a discharge or release by or as a result of payment under such guarantee or (iii) the designation of such Restricted Subsidiary as an Unrestricted
Subsidiary in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture. 
  
 4.15. Limitations on Liens. 
  
 The Company shall not, and shall not cause or permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume or permit or suffer to exist any Liens of any kind against or upon any property or assets of the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries whether owned on the Issue Date or acquired after the Issue Date, or any proceeds therefrom, or assign or otherwise convey any right to receive income or profits therefrom unless: 
  
 (a) in the case of Liens securing Indebtedness that is
expressly subordinate or junior in right of payment of the Securities, the Securities are secured by a Lien on such property, assets or proceeds that is senior in priority to such Liens; and 
  

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 (b) in all other cases, the Securities are equally and ratably secured, except for the
following Liens which are expressly permitted: 
  
 (i) Liens existing as of the Issue Date; 
  
 (ii) Liens securing Senior Debt, Guarantor Senior Debt and Indebtedness (including any guarantee) incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company under the Credit Agreement; 
  
 (iii) Liens securing the Securities or any Guarantee, if any; 
  
 (iv) Liens in favor of the Company or a Wholly Owned
Restricted Subsidiary of the Company on assets of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; 
  
 (v) Liens securing Refinancing Indebtedness which is incurred to Refinance any Indebtedness (including, without limitation, Acquired
Indebtedness) which has been secured by a Lien permitted under this Indenture and which has been incurred in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture; provided, however, that such Liens: 
  
 (A) are no less favorable to the Holders and are not more
favorable to the lienholders with respect to such Liens than the Liens in respect of the Indebtedness being Refinanced; and 
  
 (B) do not extend to or cover any property or assets of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries not securing the Indebtedness
so Refinanced; 
  
 (vi) Liens securing
Indebtedness of Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company that are not Guarantors so long as such Indebtedness is otherwise permitted under this Indenture; and 
  
 (vii) Permitted Liens. 
  
 4.16. Change of Control. 
  
 (a) Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Company and/or QD Capital shall be obligated to make an offer to purchase (the “Change of
Control Offer”), and shall purchase, on a Business Day (the “Change of Control Payment Date”) as described below, all or a portion of the then outstanding Securities at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount
thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the Change of Control Payment Date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date). The Change of
Control Offer shall remain open for at least 20 Business Days and until the close of business on the Change of Control Payment Date. Notwithstanding the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Company and/or QD Capital shall not be obligated to
repurchase the Securities pursuant to this Section 4.16 in the event that the Company and/or QD Capital has exercised their right to redeem all the Securities under the terms of Article III of this Indenture and paragraph 6 of the Securities.

  

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 (b) Prior to the mailing of the notice referred to below, but in any event within 30 days following any
Change of Control, the Company and/or QD Capital covenant to: 
  
 (i) repay in full all Obligations, and terminate all commitments, under the Credit Agreement and all other Senior Debt the terms of which require repayment upon a Change of Control or offer to repay in full all
Obligations, and terminate all commitments, under the Credit Agreement and all other such Senior Debt and to repay the Obligations owed to (and terminate all commitments of) each lender which has accepted such offer; or 
  
 (ii) obtain the requisite consents under the Credit
Agreement and all such other Senior Debt to permit the repurchase of the Securities as provided below. 
  
 The Company and/or QD Capital shall first comply with the covenant in the immediately preceding sentence before they shall be required to either repurchase Securities or send the notice pursuant to the provisions
described below. The Company’s and/or QD Capital’s failure to comply with the covenant described in the second preceding sentence (and any failure to send the notice referred to in clause (c) below because the same is prohibited by the
second preceding sentence) may (with notice and lapse of time) constitute an Event of Default described in clause (iii) of Section 6.1, but shall not constitute an Event of Default described in clause (ii) of Section 6.1. 
  
 (c) Within 30 days following the date upon which a Change of Control occurs
(the “Change of Control Date”), the Company and/or QD Capital shall send, by first class mail, a notice to each Holder, with a copy to the Trustee, which notice shall govern the terms of the Change of Control Offer. The notice to
the Holders shall contain all instructions and materials necessary to enable such Holders to tender Securities pursuant to the Change of Control Offer. Such notice shall state: 
  
 (i) that the Change of Control Offer is being made pursuant to this Section 4.16 and that all Securities
tendered and not withdrawn will be accepted for payment; 
  
 (ii) the purchase price (including the amount of accrued interest) and the Change of Control Payment Date, which shall be a Business Day, that is not earlier than 30 days or later than 60 days from the date such
notice is mailed, other than as may be required by law; 
  
 (iii) that any Security not tendered will continue to accrue interest; 
  
 (iv) that, unless the Company and/or QD Capital default in making payment therefor, any Security accepted for payment pursuant to the
Change of Control Offer shall cease to accrue interest after the Change of Control Payment Date; 
  
 (v) that Holders electing to have a Security purchased pursuant to a Change of Control Offer will be required to surrender the Security,
with the form entitled “Option of 

  

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Holder to Elect Purchase” on the reverse of the Security completed, to the Paying Agent at the address specified in the notice prior to the close
of business on the third Business Day prior to the Change of Control Payment Date; 
  
 (vi) that Holders will be entitled to withdraw their election if the Paying Agent receives, not later than the second Business Day prior
to the Change of Control Payment Date, a telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder, the principal amount of the Securities the Holder delivered for purchase and a statement that such Holder is withdrawing
his election to have such Security purchased; 
  
 (vii) that Holders whose Securities are purchased only in part will be issued new Securities in a principal amount equal to the unpurchased portion of the Securities surrendered; and 
  
 (viii) the circumstances and relevant facts regarding such
Change of Control. 
  
 The Company and/or QD Capital shall not be
required to make a Change of Control Offer upon a Change of Control if any other Person makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in this Section 4.16 applicable to a
Change of Control Offer made by the Company and/or QD Capital and purchases all Securities validly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer. The provisions of this Section and other provisions contained in this Indenture
relating to the Company’s and/or QD Capital’s obligation to make a Change of Control Offer may be waived or modified with the written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of Securities. 
  
 On or before the Change of Control Payment Date, the Company and/or QD
Capital shall (i) accept for payment Securities or portions thereof tendered pursuant to the Change of Control Offer, (ii) deposit with the Paying Agent U.S. Legal Tender sufficient to pay the purchase price plus accrued interest, if any, of all
Securities so tendered and (iii) deliver to the Trustee Securities so accepted together with an Officers’ Certificate stating the Securities or portions thereof being purchased by the Company and/or QD Capital. The Paying Agent shall promptly
mail to the Holders of Securities so accepted payment in an amount equal to the purchase price plus accrued interest, if any, and upon written order of the Company and/or QD Capital the Trustee shall promptly authenticate and mail to such Holders
new Securities equal in principal amount to any unpurchased portion of the Securities surrendered. Any Securities not so accepted shall be promptly mailed by the Company and/or QD Capital to the Holder thereof. For purposes of this Section 4.16, the
Trustee shall act as the Paying Agent. 
  
 Any amounts remaining
with the Paying Agent after the purchase of Securities pursuant to a Change of Control Offer shall be returned by the Trustee to the Company and/or QD Capital. 
  

The Company and/or QD Capital shall comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act and any other securities laws and regulations
thereunder to the extent such laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the repurchase of Securities pursuant to a Change of Control Offer. To the extent the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the provisions
of this Section 4.16, the Company and/or QD Capital shall comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached their obligations under this Section 4.16 by virtue thereof. 
  

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 4.17. Limitation on Asset Sales. 
  
 The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries to, consummate an Asset Sale unless: 
  
 (i) the Company or the applicable Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, receives consideration at the time of such Asset Sale at least equal to the fair market value of the assets sold or otherwise disposed of (as determined in good
faith by the Company’s senior management or, in the case of an Asset Sale in excess of $5.0 million, the Board of Directors of the Company); 
  
 (ii) at least 75% of the consideration received by the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, from such Asset Sale
shall be in the form of (x) cash or Cash Equivalents, (y) properties and assets to be owned by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and used in a Permitted Business or (z) Capital Stock in one or more Persons engaged in a Permitted
Business that are or thereby become Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company, and, in each case, such consideration is received at the time of such disposition; provided that the amount of (a) any liabilities (as shown on the Company’s or
such Restricted Subsidiary’s most recent balance sheet) of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than liabilities that are by their terms subordinated to the Securities) that are assumed by the transferee of any such assets, and (b)
any notes or other securities received by the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary from such transferee that are converted by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary into cash within 180 days after such Asset Sale (to the extent of the cash
received in the conversion) shall be deemed to be cash for the purposes of this provision only; and 
  
 (iii) upon the consummation of an Asset Sale, the Company shall apply, or cause such Restricted Subsidiary to apply, the Net Cash Proceeds
relating to such Asset Sale within 360 days of receipt thereof either: 
  
 (A) to prepay any Senior Debt or Guarantor Senior Debt or any Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor and, in the case of any Senior Debt or Guarantor Senior Debt or Indebtedness of a
Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor under any revolving credit facility, effect a permanent reduction in the availability under such revolving credit facility (or effect a permanent reduction in availability under such revolving credit
facility regardless of the fact that no prepayment is required); 
  
 (B) to make an investment (x) in properties and assets that replace the properties and assets that were the subject of such Asset Sale, (y) in properties and assets that will be used by the Company or a Restricted
Subsidiary in a Permitted Business or (z) permitted by clause (1) of the definition of Permitted Investments (collectively, “Replacement Assets”); or 
  

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 (C) a combination of prepayment and investment permitted by the foregoing clauses
(iii)(A) and (iii)(B). 
  
 Pending the final application of the
Net Cash Proceeds, the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries may temporarily reduce Indebtedness or otherwise invest such Net Cash Proceeds in any manner not prohibited by this Indenture. 
  
 On the 361st day after an Asset Sale or such earlier date, if any, as the
senior management or the Board of Directors of the Company or of such Restricted Subsidiary determines not to apply the Net Cash Proceeds relating to such Asset Sale as set forth in clauses (iii)(A), (iii)(B) and (iii)(C) of the next preceding
paragraph (each, a “Net Proceeds Offer Trigger Date”), such aggregate amount of Net Cash Proceeds which have not been applied on or before such Net Proceeds Offer Trigger Date as permitted in clauses (iii)(A), (iii)(B) and (iii)(C)
of the next preceding paragraph (each a “Net Proceeds Offer Amount”) shall be applied by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary to make an offer to purchase (the “Net Proceeds Offer”) on a date (the “Net
Proceeds Offer Payment Date”) not less than 30 nor more than 60 days following the applicable Net Proceeds Offer Trigger Date, from all Holders on a pro rata basis, that amount of Securities equal to the Net Proceeds Offer Amount at a price
equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Securities to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to the date of purchase; provided, however, that if the Company so elects or is required by the terms of any
Senior Subordinated Debt, such Net Proceeds Offer may be made ratably to purchase the Securities and such other Indebtedness of the Company that ranks pari passu with the Securities. 
  
 If at any time any non-cash consideration received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, as the case
may be, in connection with any Asset Sale is converted into or sold or otherwise disposed of for cash (other than interest received with respect to any such non-cash consideration), then such conversion or disposition shall be deemed to constitute
an Asset Sale hereunder as of the date of such conversion or disposition and the Net Cash Proceeds thereof shall be applied in accordance with this Section. 
  
 The Company may defer the Net Proceeds Offer until there is an aggregate unutilized Net Proceeds Offer Amount equal to or in excess of $10.0 million
resulting from one or more Asset Sales (at which time, the entire unutilized Net Proceeds Offer Amount, and not just the amount in excess of $10.0 million, shall be applied as required pursuant to the second preceding paragraph). 
  
 In the event of the transfer of substantially all (but not all) of the
property and assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries as an entirety to a Person in a transaction permitted under Section 5.1, which transaction does not constitute a Change of Control, the successor corporation shall be deemed to have
sold the properties and assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries not so transferred for purposes of this Section, and shall comply with the provisions of clause (iii) of this Section with respect to such deemed sale as if it were an
Asset Sale. In addition, the fair market value of such properties and assets of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries deemed to be sold shall be deemed to be Net Cash Proceeds for purposes of this Section 4.17. 
  

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 Notice of each Net Proceeds Offer pursuant to this Section 4.17 shall be mailed or caused to be mailed,
by first class mail, by the Company within 25 days following the applicable Net Proceeds Offer Trigger Date to all Holders at their last registered addresses, with a copy to the Trustee. A Net Proceeds Offer shall remain open for a period of 20
Business Days or such longer period as may be required by law. The notice shall contain all instructions and materials necessary to enable such Holders to tender Securities pursuant to the Net Proceeds Offer and shall state the following terms:

  
 (i) that Holders may elect to have their
Securities purchased by the Company either in whole or in part (subject to prorationing as hereinafter described in the event the Net Proceeds Offer is oversubscribed) in integral multiples of $1,000 of principal amount, at the applicable purchase
price; 
  
 (ii) that the Net Proceeds Offer is
being made pursuant to this Section 4.17 and that all Securities tendered will be accepted for payment; provided, however, that if the principal amount of Securities tendered in the Net Proceeds Offer exceeds the aggregate amount of
the Net Proceeds Offer Amount, the Company shall select the Securities to be purchased on a pro rata basis (based on amounts tendered); 
  
 (iii) the purchase price (including the amount of accrued interest, if any) and the purchase date (which shall be no earlier than 30 days
nor later than 60 days from the Net Proceeds Offer Trigger Date, other than as may be required by applicable law); 
  
 (iv) that any Security not tendered will continue to accrue interest; 
  
 (v) that, unless the Company defaults in making payment therefor, any Security accepted for payment pursuant
to the Net Proceeds Offer shall cease to accrue interest after the Net Proceeds Offer Payment Date; 
  
 (vi) that Holders electing to have a Security purchased pursuant to the Net Proceeds Offer will be required to surrender the Security,
with the form entitled “Option of Holder to Elect Purchase” on the reverse of the Security completed, to the Paying Agent at the address specified in the notice prior to the close of business on the Net Proceeds Offer Payment Date;

  
 (vii) that Holders will be entitled to
withdraw their election if the Paying Agent receives, not later than the second Business Day prior to the Net Proceeds Offer Payment Date, a facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder, the principal amount of the Security
the Holder delivered for purchase and a statement that such Holder is withdrawing his election to have such Security purchased; and 
  
 (viii) that Holders whose Securities are purchased only in part will be issued new Securities in a principal amount at maturity equal to
the unpurchased portion of the Securities surrendered. 
  
 On or
before the Net Proceeds Offer Payment Date, the Company shall (i) accept for payment Securities or portions thereof tendered pursuant to the Net Proceeds Offer, (ii) deposit 

  

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with the Paying Agent U.S. Legal Tender sufficient to pay the purchase price, plus accrued interest, if any, of all Securities to be purchased and (iii)
deliver to the Trustee Securities so accepted together with an Officers’ Certificate stating the Securities or portions thereof being purchased by the Company. The Paying Agent shall promptly mail to the Holders of Securities so accepted
payment in an amount equal to the purchase price, plus accrued interest, if any, thereon set forth in the notice of such Net Proceeds Offer. Any Security not so accepted shall be promptly mailed by the Company to the Holder thereof. For purposes of
this Section 4.17, the Trustee shall act as the Paying Agent. 
  
 Any amounts remaining after the purchase of Securities pursuant to a Net Proceeds Offer shall be returned by the Trustee to the Company. To the extent that the aggregate amount of the Securities tendered pursuant to a Net Proceeds Offer is
less than the Net Proceeds Offer Amount, the Company may use such excess Net Proceeds Offer Amount for general corporate purposes or for any other purposes not prohibited by this Indenture. Upon completion of any such Net Proceeds Offer, the Net
Proceeds Offer Amount shall be reset at zero. 
  
 The Company will
comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent such laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the repurchase of Securities pursuant to a Net
Proceeds Offer. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the provisions of this Section 4.17, the Company shall comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have
breached its obligations under this Section 4.17 by virtue thereof. The provisions of this Section and other provisions contained in this Indenture relating to the Company’s obligation to make a Net Proceeds Offer may be waived or modified with
the written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities. 
  
 4.18. Prohibition on Incurrence of Senior Subordinated Debt. 
  
 The Issuers and the Guarantors shall not incur or suffer to exist Indebtedness that is senior in right of payment by its
terms to the Securities or any Guarantee and subordinate in right of payment by its terms to any other Indebtedness of such Issuers or such Guarantor, as the case may be. 
  
 4.19. Future Guarantors. 
  
 (a) If the Company organizes or acquires any Domestic Restricted Subsidiary after the Issue Date (each a “New
Domestic Restricted Subsidiary”) that, after giving pro forma effect to the acquisition or organization of such New Domestic Restricted Subsidiary or Subsidiaries (if applicable), together with each other New Domestic Restricted
Subsidiary of the Company that has not theretofore become a Guarantor, has consolidated assets or Consolidated EBITDA which exceeds 5 percent of the total consolidated assets, as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter for which
financial statements are internally available, or total Consolidated EBITDA, for the most recent preceding four fiscal quarters for which financial statements are internally available, of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, the Company
shall: (i) execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee pursuant to which each such New Domestic Restricted Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee on an unsecured senior subordinated
basis all of the Issuers’ obligations under the 

  

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Securities and this Indenture; (ii) deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel that such supplemental indenture has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by such New Domestic Restricted Subsidiary and constitutes a legal, valid, binding and enforceable obligation of such New Domestic Restricted Subsidiary; and (iii) cause each New Domestic Restricted Subsidiary to promptly execute and
deliver to the Trustee a Guarantee. 
  
 (b) After the execution of
a supplemental indenture pursuant to clause (a) of this Section 4.19, each such New Domestic Restricted Subsidiary party thereto shall be a Guarantor for all purposes of this Indenture. 
  
 ARTICLE V 
  
 SUCCESSOR CORPORATION 
  
 5.1. Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Assets. 
  
 (a) The Company shall not, in a single transaction or series of related transactions, consolidate or merge with or into any
Person, or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of (or cause or permit any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company to sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of) all or substantially all of the Company’s
assets (determined on a consolidated basis for the Company and the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries) whether as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any Person unless: 
  
 (i) either (a) the Company shall be the surviving or continuing corporation, partnership, trust or limited
liability company or (b) the Person (if other than the Company) formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition the properties and
assets of the Company and of the Company’s Restricted Subsidiaries substantially as an entirety (the “Surviving Entity”): 
  
 (x) shall be a corporation, partnership, trust or limited liability company organized and validly existing under the laws of the United
States or any State thereof or the District of Columbia; and 
  
 (y) shall expressly assume, by supplemental indenture (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee), executed and delivered to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and
premium, if any, and interest on all of the Securities and the performance of every covenant of the Securities and this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed; 
  
 (ii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction on a pro forma basis and the
assumption contemplated by clause (a)(i)(y) above (including giving effect to any Indebtedness and Acquired Indebtedness incurred or anticipated to be incurred in connection with or in respect of such transaction), the Company or such Surviving
Entity, as the case may be, shall be able to incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness) pursuant to Section 4.4; 
  

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 (iii) immediately before and immediately after giving effect to such transaction on a
pro forma basis and the assumption contemplated by clause (a)(i)(y) above (including, without limitation, giving effect to any Indebtedness and Acquired Indebtedness incurred or anticipated to be incurred or repaid and any Lien granted
or to be released in connection with or in respect of the transaction), no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred or be continuing; and 
  
 (iv) the Company or the Surviving Entity, as the case may be, shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply
with the applicable provisions of this Indenture and that all conditions precedent in this Indenture relating to such transaction have been satisfied. 
  
 provided that for so long as the Company or any successor Person of the Company is a limited liability company or a partnership there must be a co-issuer of the
Securities that is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the merger of the Company with an Affiliate incorporated solely for the purpose of reincorporating the Company in
another jurisdiction shall be permitted and (ii) the merger of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company into the Company or the transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of a Restricted Subsidiary of
the Company to the Company shall be permitted so long as the Company delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the purpose of such merger, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is not to consummate a transaction
that would otherwise be prohibited by clause (iii) of this Section 5.1(a). 
  
 (b) For purposes of the foregoing paragraph (a), the transfer (by lease, assignment, sale or otherwise, in a single transaction or series of transactions) of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of one
or more Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company the Capital Stock of which constitutes all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company, shall be deemed to be the transfer of all or substantially all of the properties and assets
of the Company. 
  
 (c) Each Guarantor (other than any Guarantor
whose Guarantee is to be released in accordance with the terms of such Guarantee and this Indenture in connection with any transaction complying with the provisions of Section 4.17) will not, and the Company will not cause or permit any Guarantor
to, consolidate with or merge with or into any Person or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets to any Person other than the Company, QD Capital or any other Guarantor (other than QD
Inc.) unless: 
  
 (i) the entity formed by or
surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Guarantor) or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States, any State
thereof, the District of Columbia thereof or the jurisdiction in which such Guarantor is organized; 
  

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 (ii) such entity expressly assumes by supplemental indenture all of the obligations of
the Guarantor on its Guarantee; 
  
 (iii)
immediately after giving effect to such transaction on a pro forma basis, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and 
  
 (iv) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and the use of any net proceeds therefrom on a pro forma basis, the
Company could satisfy the provisions of clause (ii) of Section 5.1(a). 
  
 Any merger or consolidation of a Guarantor with and into the Company (with the Company being the surviving entity) or another Guarantor that is a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company need only comply with clause (iv) of Section
5.1(a). 
  
 5.2. Successor Corporation
Substituted. 
  
 Upon any consolidation, combination or
merger or any transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.1 in which the Company or any Guarantor, as applicable, is not the continuing corporation, the successor Person formed by such consolidation
or into which the Company or such Guarantor is merged or to which such conveyance, lease or transfer is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company or such Guarantor under this Indenture and
the Securities or any Guarantee, as applicable, with the same effect as if such Surviving Entity had been named as such. 
  
 ARTICLE VI 
  
 DEFAULT AND REMEDIES 
  
 6.1. Events of Default. 
  
 Each of the following shall be an “Event of Default”: 
  
 (i) the failure to pay interest on any Securities when the same becomes due and payable and the default continues for a period of 30 days
(whether or not such payment shall be prohibited by Article Ten or Article Twelve); 
  
 (ii) the failure to pay the principal on any Securities, when such principal becomes due and payable, at maturity, upon redemption or
otherwise (including the failure to make a payment to purchase Securities tendered pursuant to a Change of Control Offer or a Net Proceeds Offer) (whether or not such payment shall be prohibited by Article Ten or Article Twelve); 
  
 (iii) a default by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary
of the Company in the observance or performance of any other covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture, which default continues for a period of 30 days after the Company receives written notice specifying the default (and demanding that such
default be remedied) from the Trustee or from the Holders of at least 25% of the outstanding principal amount of the Securities; 
  

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 (iv) the failure to pay at final stated maturity (giving effect to any applicable grace
periods and any extensions thereof) the principal amount of any Indebtedness of the Company or the Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company, or the acceleration of the final stated maturity of any such Indebtedness by the holders
thereof (which acceleration is not rescinded or otherwise cured within 30 days of receipt by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary of such notice of acceleration), if the aggregate principal amount of such Indebtedness, together with the
principal amount of any other such Indebtedness in default for failure to pay principal at final stated maturity or which has been accelerated (in each case with respect to which the 30-day period described above has elapsed), exceeds $7.5 million
or more at any time; 
  
 (v) one or more
judgments in an aggregate amount in excess of $7.5 million (exclusive of amounts covered by insurance other than self-insurance) shall have been rendered against the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries and such judgments remain
undischarged, unpaid or unstayed for a period of 60 days after such judgment or judgments become final and non-appealable; 
  
 (vi) the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries (i) commences a voluntary case or proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law with respect
to itself, (ii) consents to the entry of a judgment, decree or order for relief against it in an involuntary case or proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law, (iii) consents to the appointment of a custodian of it or for substantially all of its
property, (iv) consents to or acquiesces in the institution of a bankruptcy or an insolvency proceeding against it, (v) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors or (vi) takes any corporate action to authorize or effect any of the
foregoing; 
  
 (vii) a court of competent
jurisdiction enters a judgment, decree or order for relief in respect of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries in an involuntary case or proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law, which shall (i) approve as properly filed a petition seeking
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition in respect of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, (ii) appoint a Custodian of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or for substantially all of any of its property
or (iii) order the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs; and such judgment, decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or 
  
 (viii) any Guarantee of a Significant Subsidiary of the Company ceases to be in full force and effect or any
Guarantee made by a Significant Subsidiary of the Company is declared to be null and void and unenforceable or any Guarantee made by a Significant Subsidiary is found to be invalid or any such Guarantor denies its liability under its Guarantee
(other than by reason of release of a Guarantor in accordance with the terms of this Indenture). 
  
 If, pursuant to clause (iii) above, the Holders of at least 25% of the then outstanding principal amount of Securities notify the Company as specified in such clause, such Holders shall similarly notify the Trustee.
Any notice given pursuant to clause (iii) above or the immediately preceding sentence shall be given by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested. 
  

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 6.2. Acceleration. 
  
 If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (vi) or (vii) of Section 6.1 above with respect
to the Company) shall occur and be continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of outstanding Securities may declare the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on all the Securities to be due and payable
by notice in writing to the Issuers and the Trustee specifying the respective Event of Default and that it is a “notice of acceleration” (the “Acceleration Notice”), and the same (i) shall become immediately due and
payable or (ii) if there are any amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, shall become immediately due and payable upon the first to occur of an acceleration under the Credit Agreement or five (5) Business Days after receipt by the Company
and the Representative under the Credit Agreement of such Acceleration Notice (but only if such Event of Default is then continuing). 
  
 If an Event of Default specified in clause (vi) or (vii) of Section 6.1 above with respect to the Company occurs and is continuing, then all unpaid
principal of, and premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest on all of the outstanding Securities shall automatically become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.

  
 At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect
to the Securities as described in the preceding paragraph, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities may rescind and cancel such declaration and its consequences (i) if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or
decree, (ii) if all existing Events of Default have been cured or waived except nonpayment of principal or interest that has become due solely because of the acceleration, (iii) to the extent the payment of such interest is lawful, interest on
overdue installments of interest and overdue principal, which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration, has been paid, (iv) if the Company has paid the Trustee its reasonable compensation and reimbursed the Trustee for its
expenses, disbursements and advances, and any other amounts due to the Trustee under Section 7.7 and (v) in the event of the cure or waiver of an Event of Default of the type described in clause (vi) or (vii) of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall have
received an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel that such Event of Default has been cured or waived. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereto. 
  
 6.3. Other Remedies. 
  
 If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any
available remedy by proceeding at law or in equity to collect the payment of principal of or interest on the Securities or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities or this Indenture. 
  
 The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the
Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Securityholder in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair 

  

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the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. No remedy is exclusive of any other remedy. All available remedies are
cumulative to the extent permitted by law. 
  
 6.4. Waiver of Past Defaults. 
  
 Subject to
Sections 2.9, 6.2, 6.7 and 9.2, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities by notice to the Trustee may waive an existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences, except a Default or Event of
Default in the payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security as specified in clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 6.1. The Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the requisite percentage of
Holders have consented to such waiver and attaching copies of such consents. When a Default or Event of Default is waived, it is cured and ceases. 
  
 6.5. Control By Majority. 
  
 The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities may direct the time, method and place of conducting any
proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. Subject to Section 7.1, however, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with any law or this Indenture, that the Trustee
determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of another Securityholder, or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability. 
  
 6.6. Limitation on Suits. 
  
 A Securityholder may not pursue any remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities unless: 
  
 (i) the Holder gives to the Trustee written notice of a
continuing Event of Default; 
  
 (ii) the Holder
or Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy; 
  
 (iii) such Holder or Holders offer and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss,
liability or expense; 
  
 (iv) the Trustee does
not comply with the request within 45 days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and 
  
 (v) during such 45-day period the Holder or Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities do not give the
Trustee a direction which, in the opinion of the Trustee, is inconsistent with the request. 
  
 A Securityholder may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Securityholder or to obtain a preference or priority over such other Securityholder. 
  

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 6.7. Rights of Holders To Receive Payment. 
  
 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any
Holder to receive payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on a Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security, or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates,
shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of the Holder. 
  
 6.8. Collection Suit By Trustee. 
  
 If an Event of Default in payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest specified in clause (i) or (ii) of Section 6.1 occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of
an express trust against the Issuers or any other obligor on the Securities for the whole amount of principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest and fees remaining unpaid, together with interest on overdue principal and premium, if any, and, to
the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest on overdue installments of interest, in each case at the rate per annum borne by the Securities and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses
of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due to the Trustee under Section 7.7. 
  
 6.9. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 
  
 The Trustee may file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as
may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due to the Trustee
under Section 7.7) and the Securityholders allowed in any judicial proceedings relating to the Issuers, their creditors or their property and shall be entitled and empowered to participate as a member, voting or otherwise, of any official committee
appointed for such matter, to collect and receive any monies or other securities or property payable or deliverable upon the conversion or exchange of the Securities or upon any such claims and to distribute the same, and any Custodian in any such
judicial proceedings is hereby authorized by each Securityholder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount
due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agent and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in
respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding. 
  
 6.10. Priorities. 
  
 If
the Trustee collects any money or property pursuant to this Article Six, it shall pay out the money or property in the following order: 
  
 First: to the Trustee for amounts due under Section 7.7; 
  

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 Second: subject to Article Ten, to Holders for interest accrued on the Securities,
ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Securities for interest; 
  
 Third: subject to Article Ten, to Holders for principal amounts and premium, if any, due and unpaid on the Securities, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Securities for principal; and 
  
 Fourth: to the Issuers or, to the Guarantors as their respective interests may appear. 
  
 The Trustee, upon prior notice to the Issuers, may fix a record date and
payment date for any payment to Securityholders pursuant to this Section 6.10. 
  
 6.11. Undertaking For Costs. 
  
 In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as
Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees,
against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section 6.11 does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder pursuant to Section 6.7, or a
suit by a Holder or Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities. 
  
 6.12. Restoration of Rights and Remedies. 
  
 If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such
proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then, and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Issuers, the Trustee and the Holders
shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Issuers, Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted. 
  
 6.13. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. 
  
 Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or wrongfully taken Securities in Section 2.7, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy
shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or
otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 
  

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 ARTICLE VII 
  
 TRUSTEE 
  
 7.1. Duties of Trustee. 
  
 (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use
the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs. 
  

(b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default: 
  
 (i) The Trustee need perform only those duties as are specifically set forth herein or in the TIA and no duties, covenants,
responsibilities or obligations shall be implied in this Indenture against the Trustee. 
  
 (ii) In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of
the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates (including Officers’ Certificates) or opinions (including Opinions of Counsel) furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, the Trustee shall examine
the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture, but need not verify the contents thereof. 
  
 (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: 
  
 (i) This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section 7.1. 
  
 (ii) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the
Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts. 
  
 (iii) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.5. 
  
 (d) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or
risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or to take or omit to take any action under this Indenture or take any action at the request or direction of Holders if it shall have
reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds is not assured to it. 
  
 (e) Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to this Section 7.1. 
  

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 (f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may
agree in writing with the Issuers. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 
  
 (g) In the absence of bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee shall not be responsible for the application of
any money by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee. 
  
 7.2. Rights of Trustee. 
  
 Subject to Section
7.1: 
  
 (a) The Trustee may rely on any document
believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper Person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document. 
  
 (b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers’ Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel, which shall conform to the provisions of Section 13.5. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such certificate or opinion. 
  
 (c) The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and
shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent (other than an agent who is an employee of the Trustee) appointed with due care. 
  
 (d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it reasonably believes to be authorized
or within its rights or powers. 
  
 (e) The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice or opinion of such counsel as to matters of law shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, omitted or suffered by it hereunder in good faith
and in accordance with the advice or opinion of such counsel. 
  
 (f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or thereby. 
  
 (g) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any
resolution, certificate (including any Officers’ Certificate), statement, instrument, opinion (including any Opinion of Counsel), notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its
discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled, upon reasonable notice to the Issuers,
to examine the books, records, and premises of the Issuers, personally or by agent or attorney. 
  

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 (h) The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the
performance of its powers and duties hereunder. 
  
 (i) The permissive rights of the Trustee to do things enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as duties. 
  
 (j) The Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any Default or Event of Default, of the identity of any Restricted Subsidiary or
the existence of any Change of Control or Asset Sale unless either (i) a Responsible Officer shall have actual knowledge thereof or (ii) the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from either of the Issuers or any Holder. 
  
 (k) Delivery of reports, information and documents to the
Trustee under Section 4.10 is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including
the Issuer’s compliance with any of the covenants hereunder. 
  
 7.3. Individual Rights of Trustee. 
  
 The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Issuers, their Subsidiaries (including any Guarantors) or their respective Affiliates
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. However, the Trustee must comply with Sections 7.10 and 7.11. 
  
 7.4. Trustee’s Disclaimer. 
  
 The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture, any
Guarantee or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Issuer’s use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement of the Issuers in this Indenture or any document issued in connection with the
sale of Securities or any statement in the Securities other than the Trustee’s certificate of authentication. The Trustee makes no representations with respect to the effectiveness or adequacy of this Indenture. 
  
 7.5. Notice of Default. 
  
 If a Default or an Event of Default occurs and is continuing and the Trustee
receives actual notice of such Default or Event of Default, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder notice of the uncured Default or Event of Default within 60 days after such Default or Event of Default occurs. Except in the case of a Default
or an Event of Default in payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on, any Security, including an accelerated payment and the failure to make payment on the Change of Control Payment Date pursuant to a Change of Control Offer or the Net
Proceeds Offer Payment Date pursuant to a Net Proceeds Offer, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as the Board of Directors, the executive committee, or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers, of the Trustee in
good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interest of the Securityholders. 
  

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 7.6. Reports by Trustee to Holders. 
  
 Within 60 days after each May 15, beginning with the first May 15 following
the date of this Indenture, the Trustee shall, to the extent that any of the events described in TIA § 313(a) occurred within the previous twelve months, but not otherwise, mail to each Securityholder a brief report dated as of such date that
complies with TIA § 313(a). The Trustee also shall comply with TIA §§ 313(b), 313(c) and 313(d). 
  
 A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders shall be mailed to the Issuers and filed with the Commission and each securities
exchange, if any, on which the Securities are listed. 
  
 The
Issuers shall notify the Trustee if the Securities become listed on any securities exchange or of any delisting thereof and the Trustee shall comply with TIA § 313(d). 
  
 7.7. Compensation and Indemnity. 
  
 The Issuers and the Guarantors shall pay to the Trustee, from time to time, reasonable compensation for its services
hereunder. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Issuers and the Guarantors shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable disbursements, expenses and
advances (including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) incurred or made by it in addition to the compensation for its services, except any such disbursements, expenses and advances as may be attributable to the Trustee’s negligence, bad
faith or willful misconduct. Such expenses shall include the reasonable fees and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel. 
  
 The Issuers and the Guarantors shall indemnify the Trustee and its agents, employees, officers, stockholders and directors for, and hold them harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) incurred by them except for such actions to the extent caused by any negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on their part, arising out of or in
connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust including the cost and expense of enforcing this Indenture and the Securities against the Issuers and the Guarantors (including this Section 7.7) including the reasonable costs and
expenses of defending themselves against or investigating any claim (whether asserted by the Issuers, the Guarantors, any Holder or any other Person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of the Trustee’s rights,
powers or duties hereunder. The Trustee shall notify the Issuers and the Guarantors promptly of any claim asserted against the Trustee or any of its agents, employees, officers, stockholders and directors for which it may seek indemnity;
provided that any failure to so notify the Issuers and the Guarantors shall not relieve the Issuers and the Guarantors of their indemnity obligations hereunder. The Issuers and the Guarantors may, subject to the approval of the Trustee,
defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee and its agents, employees, officers, stockholders and directors subject to the claim may have separate counsel and the Issuers and the Guarantors shall pay the reasonable
fees and expenses of such counsel; provided, however, that the Issuers and the Guarantors will not be required to pay such fees and expenses if, subject to the approval of the Trustee, it assumes the Trustee’s defense and there is
no conflict of interest between the Issuers and the Guarantors and the Trustee and its agents, employees, officers, stockholders and directors subject to the claim in connection with such defense 

  

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as reasonably determined by the Trustee. The Issuers and the Guarantors need not pay for any settlement made without their written consent, which consent
will not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned. The Issuers and the Guarantors need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability to the extent incurred by the Trustee through its negligence, bad faith or willful
misconduct. 
  
 To secure the Issuer’s and the
Guarantors’ payment obligations in this Section 7.7, the Trustee shall have a Lien prior to the Securities against all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, in its capacity as Trustee. The obligations of the Issuers and Guarantors
under this Section shall not be subordinated to the payment of Senior Debt pursuant to Article Ten or Guarantor Senior Debt pursuant to Article Twelve except assets or money held in trust to pay principal of, premium, if any, or interest on
particular Securities. 
  
 When the Trustee incurs expenses or
renders services after an Event of Default specified in clause (vi) or (vii) of Section 6.1 occurs, such expenses and the compensation for such services shall be paid to the extent allowed under any Bankruptcy Law. 
  
 Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the foregoing
provisions of this Section 7.7 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or the appointment of a successor Trustee. 
  
 7.8. Replacement of Trustee. 
  
 The Trustee may resign at any time by so notifying the Issuers in writing. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities may
remove the Trustee by so notifying the Issuers and the Trustee and may appoint a successor Trustee. The Issuers may remove the Trustee if: 
  
 (i) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10; 
  
 (ii) the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent; 
  
 (iii) a receiver or other public officer takes charge of the
Trustee or its property; or 
  
 (iv) the Trustee
becomes incapable of acting. 
  
 If the Trustee resigns or is
removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Issuers shall notify each Holder of such event and shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Issuers. 
  
 A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Issuers. Immediately after that, the retiring
Trustee shall transfer, after payment of all sums then owing to the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.7, all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, subject to the Lien provided in Section 7.7, the resignation or 

  

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removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this
Indenture. A successor Trustee shall mail notice of its succession to each Securityholder. 
  
 If a successor Trustee does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Issuers or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. 
  
 If the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10, any Securityholder may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and
the appointment of a successor Trustee. 
  
 Notwithstanding
replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Issuer’s and the Guarantors’ obligations under Section 7.7 shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee. 
  
 7.9. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc. 
  
 If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all
or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the resulting, surviving or transferee corporation without any further act shall, if such resulting, surviving or transferee corporation is otherwise eligible hereunder,
be the successor Trustee; provided that such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article Seven. 
  
 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification. 
  
 This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirement of TIA §§ 310(a)(1), 310(a)(2) and 310(a)(5). The Trustee shall have a
combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. In addition, if the Trustee is a corporation included in a bank holding company system, the Trustee, independently of the bank
holding company, shall meet the capital requirements of TIA § 310(a)(2). The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b); provided, however, that there shall be excluded from the operation of TIA § 310(b)(1) any indenture or
indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest or participation in other securities, of the Issuers are outstanding, if the requirements for such exclusion set forth in TIA § 310(b)(1) are met. The provisions of TIA §
310 shall apply to the Issuers and any other obligor of the Securities. 
  
 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Issuers. 
  
 The Trustee, in its capacity as Trustee hereunder, shall comply with TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A
Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated. 
  

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 ARTICLE VIII 
  
 DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE; DEFEASANCE 
  
 8.1. Termination of the Issuers’ Obligations. 
  
 The Issuers may terminate their and the Guarantors’ obligations under this Indenture, the Securities and the
Guarantees, except those obligations referred to in the penultimate paragraph of this Section 8.1, if all Securities previously authenticated and delivered (other than destroyed, lost or stolen Securities which have been replaced or paid and
Securities for whose payment U.S. Legal Tender has theretofore been deposited with the Trustee or the Paying Agent in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company, as provided in Section 8.5) have been
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation and the Issuers have paid all sums payable by them hereunder, or if: 
  
 (i) either (A) pursuant to Article Three, the Issuers shall have given notice to the Trustee and mailed a notice of redemption to each
Holder of the redemption of all of the Securities in accordance with the provisions hereof or (B) all Securities have or will (upon the mailing of a notice or notices deposited with the Trustee together with irrevocable instructions to mail such
notice or notices to Holders) become due and payable upon redemption or maturity and the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee or a trustee satisfactory to the Trustee, under the terms of an irrevocable trust
agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee, as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Holders of that purpose, U.S. Legal Tender in such amount as is sufficient without consideration of reinvestment of such interest to
pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the Securities not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the outstanding Securities to maturity or redemption; provided that the
Trustee shall have been irrevocably instructed to apply such U.S. Legal Tender to the payment of said principal, premium, if any, and interest with respect to the Securities; and provided, further, that from and after the time of
deposit, the money deposited shall not be subject to the rights of holders of Senior Debt or Guarantor Senior Debt pursuant to the provisions of Article Ten or Twelve; 
  
 (ii) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other
instrument or agreement (including, without limitation, the Credit Agreement) to which either of the Issuers is a party or by which either is bound (excluding this Indenture); 
  
 (iii) the Issuers shall have paid all other sums payable by it hereunder; and 
  
 (iv) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent providing for or relating to the termination of the Issuers’ obligations under the Securities and this Indenture have been complied with.

  

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 Subject to the next sentence and notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph, the Issuers’ obligations
in Sections 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 4.1, 4.2, 7.7, 8.5 and 8.6 shall survive until the Securities are no longer outstanding pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 2.8. After the Securities are no longer outstanding, the Issuers’ obligations in
Sections 7.7, 8.5 and 8.6 shall survive. 
  
 After such delivery
or irrevocable deposit, the Trustee upon request shall acknowledge in writing the discharge of the Issuers’ and the Guarantors’ obligations under the Securities, the Guarantees and this Indenture except for those surviving obligations
specified above. 
  
 8.2. Legal Defeasance and
Covenant Defeasance. 
  
 (a) The Issuers may, at their option
by Board Resolutions of the Boards of Directors of the Issuers, at any time, elect to have either paragraph (b) or (c) below applied to all outstanding Securities upon compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 8.3. 
  
 Upon the Issuers’ exercise under paragraph (a) hereof of the option
applicable to this paragraph (b), the Issuers and any Guarantor shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.3, be deemed to have been discharged from their respective obligations with respect to all outstanding
Securities and the corresponding Guarantees on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Issuers shall be deemed to have paid and
discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities, which shall thereafter be deemed to be “outstanding” only for the purposes of Section 8.4 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (i) and
(ii) below, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Issuers, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), and Holders of the
Securities and any amounts deposited under Section 8.3 shall cease to be subject to any obligations to, or the rights of, any holder of Senior Debt under Article Ten or otherwise, except for the following provisions, which shall survive until
otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of Holders of outstanding Securities to receive solely from the trust fund described in Section 8.4, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on such Securities when such payments are due, (ii) their obligations with respect to such Securities under Article Two and Section 4.2, (iii) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder
and their obligations in connection therewith and (iv) this Article Eight. Subject to compliance with this Article Eight, the Issuers may exercise their option under this paragraph (b) notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under paragraph
(c) hereof. 
  
 (b) Upon the Issuers’ exercise under
paragraph (a) hereof of the option applicable to this paragraph (c), the Issuers and each Guarantor shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.3, be released from their obligations, if any, under the covenants
contained in Sections 4.3 and 4.4 and Sections 4.12 through 4.19 and Article Five with respect to the outstanding Securities and the corresponding Guarantees on and after the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter,
“Covenant Defeasance”), and the Securities shall thereafter be deemed not “outstanding” for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in
connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed “outstanding” for all other purposes hereunder (it being understood that such Securities shall not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes) and Holders of the


  

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Securities and any amounts deposited under Section 8.3 shall cease to be subject to any obligations to, or the rights of, any holder of Senior Debt under
Article Ten or otherwise. For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Securities, the Issuers may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in
any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply
shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.1(iii), but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Issuers’ exercise under
paragraph (a) hereof of the option applicable to this paragraph (c), subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.3 hereof, Sections 6.1(iii), 6.1(iv) and 6.1(v) shall not constitute Events of Default. 
  
 8.3. Conditions To Legal Defeasance or Covenant
Defeasance. 
  
 The following shall be the conditions to the
application of either Section 8.2(b) or 8.2(c) to the outstanding Securities: 
  
 In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance: 
  
 (i) the Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders, U.S. Legal Tender or non-callable
U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment on the Securities,
U.S. Legal Tender, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities on the
stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be; 
  
 (ii) in the case of an election under Section 8.2(b), the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United
States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that (a) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (b) since the date of the execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in
the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal
Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred; 
  
 (iii) in the case of an election under Section 8.2(c), the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the Holders of the Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be
subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred; 
  

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 (iv) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of
such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the incurrence of Indebtedness all or a portion of the proceeds of which will be used to defease the Securities pursuant to this Article Eight concurrently with such incurrence)
or insofar as Sections 6.1(vi) and 6.1(vii) hereof are concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit; 
  
 (v) such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under this
Indenture (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the incurrence of Indebtedness all or a portion of the proceeds of which will be used to defease the Securities pursuant to this Article Eight concurrently with such incurrence), the
Credit Agreement or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound; 
  
 (vi) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit
was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company or others; 
  
 (vii) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent hereunder provided for or relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with; and 
  
 (viii) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the trust funds are not subject to any rights of holders of Senior Debt or Guarantor Senior Debt, including without limitation, those arising under the Indenture, and assuming no intervening bankruptcy or
insolvency of the Company occurs between the date of deposit and the 91st day following the deposit and that no Holder is an insider of the Company, after the 91st day following the deposit, the trust funds will not be subject to the effect of
Section 547 of the United States Bankruptcy Code or Section 15 of the New York Debtor and Creditor Law. 
  
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Opinion of Counsel required by clause (ii) above of this Section 8.3 need not be delivered if all Securities not
theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (i) have become due and payable, (ii) will become due and payable on the Maturity Date within one year or (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to
the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company. 
  
 8.4. Application of Trust Money. 
  
 The Trustee or Paying Agent shall hold in trust U.S. Legal Tender or U.S. Government Obligations deposited with it pursuant to this Article Eight, and
shall apply the deposited U.S. Legal Tender and the money from U.S. Government Obligations in accordance with this Indenture to the payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities. 
  

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 The Issuers shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or
assessed against the U.S. Legal Tender or U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 8.3 hereof or the principal, premium, if any, and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is
for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Securities. 
  
 Anything in this Article Eight to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Issuers from time to time upon the Issuers’ request any U.S. Legal Tender or U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in
Section 8.3 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be
deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. 
  
 8.5. Repayment To the Issuers. 
  
 The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Issuers upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest that remains unclaimed for two years; provided that the Trustee or such Paying
Agent, before being required to make any payment, may at the expense of the Issuers cause to be published once in a newspaper of general circulation in The City of New York or mail to each Holder entitled to such money notice that such money remains
unclaimed and that after a date specified therein which shall be at least 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Issuers. After payment to the Issuers, Holders
entitled to such money must look to the Issuers for payment as general creditors unless an applicable law designates another Person. 
  
 8.6. Reinstatement. 
  
 If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any U.S. Legal Tender or U.S. Government Obligations in accordance with this Article Eight by reason of
any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the Issuers’ obligations under this Indenture and the Securities shall be
revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article Eight until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such U.S. Legal Tender or U.S. Government Obligations in accordance with this Article
Eight; provided that if the Issuers have made any payment of interest on, premium, if any, or principal of any Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Issuers shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such
Securities to receive such payment from the U.S. Legal Tender or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent. 
  

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 ARTICLE IX 
  
 AMENDMENTS, SUPPLEMENTS AND WAIVERS 
  
 9.1. Without Consent of Holders. 
  
 Subject to Section 9.3, the Company, any Guarantors and the Trustee, together, may amend or supplement this Indenture, the Securities or any Guarantee
without notice to or consent of any Securityholder: 
  
 (i) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, so long as such change does not, in the good faith determination of the Board of Directors of the Company, adversely affect the rights of any of the Holders in any material respect. In
formulating its determination on such matters, the Board of Directors of the Company will be entitled to rely on such evidence as it deems appropriate; 
  
 (ii) to evidence the succession in accordance with Article Five of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor
of the covenants of the Company herein and in the Securities; 
  
 (iii) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities; 
  
 (iv) to make any other change that does not, in the good faith determination of the Board of Directors of the Company, adversely affect
the rights of any Securityholders hereunder in any material respect; 
  
 (v) to comply with any requirements of the Commission in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA; 
  
 (vi) subject to Section 9.2, to add or release any Guarantor pursuant to the terms of this Indenture; or 
  
 (vii) to provide for issuance of the Exchange Notes, which
will have terms substantially identical in all material respects to the Initial Notes (except that the transfer restrictions contained in the Initial Notes will be modified or eliminated, as appropriate), and which will be treated together with any
outstanding Initial Notes, as a single issue of securities; provided that for purposes of this clause (vii), the terms Initial Notes and Exchange Notes, shall include any other Securities issued in accordance with clause (iii) of the fourth
paragraph of Section 2.2 or Securities issued in exchange therefor which are identical in all material respects to such Securities (except that the transfer restrictions on the Securities issued in exchange for Securities issued in accordance with
clause (iii) of the fourth paragraph of Section 2.2 shall be modified or eliminated, as appropriate); 
  
 provided that the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel and an Officers’ Certificate, each stating that such amendment or supplement complies with the provisions of this Section 9.1.

  

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 9.2. With Consent of Holders. 
  
 Subject to Sections 6.7 and 9.3, the Issuers, the Guarantors, and the
Trustee, together, with the written consent of the Holder or Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities or any Guarantee, may amend or supplement this Indenture, the Securities or the Guarantees
without notice to any other Securityholders. Subject to Sections 6.7 and 9.3, the Holder or Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities may waive compliance by the Issuers with any provision of this Indenture,
the Securities or any Guarantee without notice to any other Securityholder. Without the consent of each Securityholder affected, however, no amendment, supplement or waiver, including a waiver pursuant to (and to the extent provided in) Section 6.4,
may: 
  
 (i) reduce the amount of Securities
whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver; 
  
 (ii) reduce the rate of or change or have the effect of changing the time for payment of interest, including default interest, on any Security; 
  
 (iii) reduce the principal of or change or have the effect of changing the fixed maturity of any Security,
or change the date on which any Securities may be subject to redemption or reduce the redemption price therefor; 
  
 (iv) make any Securities payable in money other than that stated in the Securities; 
  
 (v) make any changes in provisions of this Indenture
protecting the right of each Holder to receive payment of principal of and interest on such Security on or after the due date thereof or to bring suit to enforce such payment, or permitting Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities
to waive Defaults or Events of Default; 
  
 (vi)
modify or change any provision of this Indenture or the related definitions affecting the subordination or ranking of the Securities or any Guarantee in a manner which adversely affects the Holders; 
  
 (vii) amend, change or modify in any material respect the
obligation of the Issuers to make and consummate a Change of Control Offer in the event of a Change of Control which has occurred or modify any of the provisions or definitions with respect thereto after a Change of Control has occurred; 

 
 (viii) make any changes in Section 6.4, 6.7 or this
Section 9.2; or 
  
 (ix) release any Guarantor
that is a Significant Subsidiary from any of its obligations under its Guarantee or this Indenture other than in accordance with the terms of this Indenture. 
  

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 It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders under this Section to approve the particular
form of any proposed amendment, supplement or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. 
  
 After an amendment, supplement or waiver under this Section 9.2 becomes effective, the Issuers shall mail to the Holders affected thereby a notice briefly
describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. Any failure of the Issuers to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture. 
  
 9.3. Effect on Senior Debt. 
  
 No modification, amendment or waiver may be made to or of any provision of
this Indenture or the related definitions affecting Article Ten or Twelve, as the case may be, that adversely affects the rights of any holder of Senior Debt or any Guarantor Senior Debt then outstanding unless the holders of such Senior Debt or
Guarantor Senior Debt, as the case may be (or any group or Representative thereof authorized to given such consent), consent to such modification, amendment or waiver. 
  
 9.4. Compliance with TIA. 
  
 From the date on which this Indenture is qualified under the TIA, every amendment, waiver or supplement of this Indenture or
the Securities or any Guarantee shall comply with the TIA as then in effect. 
  
 9.5. Revocation and Effect of Consents. 
  
 Until an amendment, waiver or supplement becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same
debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of his Security by notice to the Trustee
or the Issuers received before the date on which the Trustee receives an Officers’ Certificate certifying that the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Securities have consented (and not theretofore revoked such consent) to the
amendment, supplement or waiver. 
  
 The Issuers may, but shall
not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to consent to any amendment, supplement or waiver. If a record date is fixed, then notwithstanding the last sentence of the immediately preceding paragraph,
those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those Persons, shall be entitled to revoke any consent previously given, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. No
such consent shall be valid or effective for more than 90 days after such record date. 
  
 After an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, it shall bind every Securityholder, unless it makes a change described in any of clauses (i) through (vii) of Section 9.2, in which case, the amendment,
supplement or waiver shall bind only each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences 

  

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the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security; provided that any such waiver shall not impair or affect the right of any Holder to receive
payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on a Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security, or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates without the consent of
such Holder. 
  
 9.6. Notation on or Exchange
of Securities. 
  
 If an amendment, supplement or waiver
changes the terms of a Security, the Issuers may require the Holder of the Security to deliver it to the Trustee. The Issuers shall provide the Trustee with an appropriate notation on the Security about the changed terms and cause the Trustee to
return it to the Holder at the Issuer’s expense. Alternatively, if the Issuers or the Trustee so determine, the Issuers in exchange for the Security shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a new Security that reflects the changed terms.
Failure to make the appropriate notation or issue a new Security shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver. 
  
 9.7. Trustee To Sign Amendments, Etc. 
  
 The Trustee shall execute any amendment, supplement or waiver authorized pursuant to this Article Nine; provided that the Trustee may, but shall
not be obligated to, execute any such amendment, supplement or waiver which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture. The Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Opinion of Counsel and an Officers’ Certificate each complying with Sections 13.4 and 13.5 and stating that the execution of any amendment, supplement or waiver authorized pursuant to this Article Nine is authorized or permitted by this
Indenture and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Issuers enforceable in accordance with its terms. Such Opinion of Counsel shall be at the expense of the Issuers. 
  
 ARTICLE X 
  
 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES 
  
 10.1. Securities Subordinated to Senior Debt. 
  
 Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Issuers, for themselves and their successors, and each Holder, by his,
her or its acceptance of Securities, agrees that the payment of all Obligations owing to the Holders in respect of the Securities is subordinated, to the extent and in the manner provided in this Article Ten, to the prior payment in full in cash or
Cash Equivalents of all Obligations on all existing and future Senior Debt (including the Obligations with respect to the Credit Agreement). 
  
 This Article Ten shall constitute a continuing offer to all Persons who become holders of, or continue to hold, Senior Debt, and such provisions are made
for the benefit of the holders of Senior Debt and such holders are made obligees hereunder and any one or more of them may enforce such provisions. 
  

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 10.2. Suspension of Payment When Senior Debt Is in Default. 
  
 (a) Unless Section 10.3 shall be applicable, if any default occurs and is
continuing in the payment when due, whether at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise, of any principal of, interest on, or premium, if any, liquidated damages, if any, or other Obligations with respect to, any Designated Senior
Debt of the Issuers (a “Payment Default”), then no payment or distribution of any kind or character shall be made by or on behalf of the Issuers or any other Person on their behalf with respect to any Obligations on or relating to
the Securities or to purchase, repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire any of the Securities for cash or property or otherwise or set aside any funds or make any deposit with the Trustee for any such purpose (collectively, “pay the
Securities”) until such Payment Default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist or such Senior Debt as to which such Payment Default relates shall have been paid in full in cash or Cash Equivalents, after which the
Issuers shall (subject to other provisions of this Article Ten) resume making any and all required payments in respect of the Securities, including any missed payments. 
  
 (b) Unless Section 10.3 shall be applicable, if any other event of default (other than a Payment Default) occurs and is
continuing with respect to any Designated Senior Debt of either of the Issuers (as such event of default is defined in the instrument creating or evidencing such Designated Senior Debt) permitting the holders of such Designated Senior Debt then
outstanding to accelerate the maturity thereof (a “Non-payment Default”) and if the Representative for such Designated Senior Debt gives written notice of the event of default to the Trustee (a “Payment Blockage
Notice”), then neither the Issuers nor any Person on their behalf shall (x) make any payment or distribution of any kind or character with respect to any Obligations on or relating to the Securities or (y) purchase, repurchase, redeem or
otherwise acquire any of the Securities for cash or property or otherwise until the earliest to occur of (i) the date on which all Non-payment Defaults are cured or waived (so long as no other Non-payment Default or Payment Default exists), (ii) the
180th day after the date on which the applicable Payment Blockage Notice was received, unless the maturity of any
Designated Senior Debt has been accelerated or (iii) the date on which the Trustee receives notice from the Representative for such Designated Senior Debt rescinding the Payment Blockage Notice, unless the maturity of any Designated Senior Debt has
been accelerated. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no Payment Blockage Notice may be delivered unless and until 360 consecutive days have elapsed since the delivery of the immediately prior Payment Blockage Notice. For all purposes
of this Section 10.2(b), no event of default which existed or was continuing on the date of the delivery of any Payment Blockage Notice with respect to the Designated Senior Debt shall be, or be made, the basis for the commencement of a second
Payment Blockage Notice by the Representative of such Designated Senior Debt whether or not within a period of 360 consecutive days, unless such event of default shall have been cured or waived for a period of not less than 90 consecutive days
(however, any subsequent action, or any breach of any financial covenants for a period commencing after the date of delivery of such initial Payment Blockage Notice, that, in either case, would give rise to an event of default pursuant to any
provisions under which an event of default previously existed or was continuing shall constitute a new event of default for this purpose). 
  
 (c) In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment shall be received by the Trustee or any Holder when such payment is prohibited by the
foregoing provisions of this 

  

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Section 10.2, such payment shall be held for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered to, the holders of Senior Debt (pro rata to such
holders on the basis of the respective amount of Senior Debt held by such holders) or their respective Representatives, as their respective interests may appear. The Trustee shall be entitled to rely on information regarding amounts then due and
owing on the Senior Debt, if any, received from the holders of Senior Debt (or their Representatives) or, if such information is not received from such holders or their Representatives, from the Issuers and only amounts included in the information
provided to the Trustee shall be paid to the holders of Senior Debt. 
  
 Nothing contained in this Article Ten shall limit the right of the Trustee or the Holders of Securities to take any action to accelerate the maturity of the Securities pursuant to Section 6.2 or to pursue any rights or remedies hereunder
(subject, however, to the rights, if any, under this Article X, of the holders of Senior Debt in respect of cash or other property of the Issuers received upon the exercise of any such remedy); provided that all Senior Debt thereafter due or
declared to be due shall first be paid in full in cash or Cash Equivalents before the Holders are entitled to receive any payment of any kind or character with respect to Obligations on, or with respect to, the Securities. 
  
 10.3. Securities Subordinated to Prior Payment of All
Senior Debt on Dissolution, Liquidation or Reorganization of the Issuers. 
  
 (a) Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Issuers of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors upon any total or partial liquidation, dissolution, winding-up,
reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors or marshaling of assets of the Issuers or in a total or partial bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceeding relating to the Issuers or their respective
properties, whether voluntary or involuntary, all Obligations due or to become due upon all existing and future Senior Debt shall first be paid in full in cash or Cash Equivalents (including interest after the commencement of any bankruptcy or other
like proceeding at the rate specified in the applicable Senior Debt, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim in any such proceeding) before any payment or distribution of any kind or character is made on account of any Obligations on the
Securities, or for the acquisition of any of the Securities for cash or property or otherwise. Upon any such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation, reorganization, receivership or similar proceeding, any payment or distribution of assets of the
Issuers of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee under this Indenture would be entitled, except for the provisions hereof, shall be paid by the Issuers or by any
receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution, or by the Holders or by the Trustee under this Indenture if received by them, directly to the holders of Senior Debt (pro rata to
such holders on the basis of the respective amounts of Senior Debt held by such holders) or their respective Representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any of such Senior Debt may have been issued, as their
respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of Senior Debt remaining unpaid until all such Senior Debt has been paid in full in cash or Cash Equivalents after giving effect to any concurrent payment, distribution or provision
therefor to or for the holders of Senior Debt. 
  

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 (b) To the extent any payment of Senior Debt (whether by or on behalf of the Issuers, as proceeds of
security or enforcement of any right of setoff or otherwise) is declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required to be paid to any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other similar Person under any
bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, fraudulent conveyance or similar law, then, if such payment is recovered by, or paid over to, such receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other similar Person, the Senior Debt or part
thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be deemed to be reinstated and outstanding as if such payment had not occurred. 
  
 It is further agreed that any diminution (whether pursuant to court decree or otherwise, including without limitation for any of the reasons described in
the preceding paragraph) of the Issuers’ obligation to make any distribution or payment pursuant to any Senior Debt, except to the extent such diminution occurs by reason of the repayment (which has not been disgorged or returned) of such
Senior Debt in cash or Cash Equivalents, shall have no force or effect for purposes of the subordination provisions contained in this Article X, with any turnover of payments as otherwise calculated pursuant to this Article X to be made as if no
such diminution had occurred. 
  
 (c) In the event that,
notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment or distribution of assets of the Issuers of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, shall be received by the Trustee or any Holder when such payment or distribution is prohibited by
this Section 10.3, such payment or distribution shall be held in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered to, the holders of Senior Debt (pro rata to such holders on the basis of the respective amount of Senior Debt held
by such holders) or their respective Representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any of such Senior Debt may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of
Senior Debt remaining unpaid until all such Senior Debt has been paid in full in cash or Cash Equivalents, after giving effect to any concurrent payment, distribution or provision therefor to or for the holders of such Senior Debt. 
  
 (d) The consolidation of the Issuers with, or the merger of the Issuers with
or into, another corporation or the liquidation or dissolution of the Issuers following the conveyance or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, to another corporation upon the terms and conditions provided in Article Five and as long
as permitted under the terms of the Senior Debt shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization for the purposes of this Section if such other corporation shall, as a part of such consolidation, merger, conveyance or
transfer, assume such Issuer’s obligations hereunder in accordance with Article Five. 
  
 10.4. Payments May Be Paid Prior to Dissolution. 
  
 Nothing contained in this Article Ten or elsewhere in this Indenture shall prevent (i) the Issuers, except under the
conditions described in Sections 10.2 and 10.3, from making payments at any time for the purpose of making payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities, or from depositing with the Trustee any moneys for such payments,
or (ii) in the absence of actual knowledge by the Trustee that a given payment would be prohibited by Section 10.2 or 10.3, the application by the Trustee of any moneys deposited with it for the purpose of making such payments of principal of,
premium, if any, and interest on, the Securities to the 

  

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Holders entitled thereto unless at least one Business Day prior to the date upon which such payment would otherwise become due and payable a Responsible
Officer shall have actually received the written notice provided for in the first sentence of Section 10.2(b) or in Section 10.7 (provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holders receiving any payments made in contravention of
Section 10.2 and/or 10.3 (and the respective such payments) shall otherwise be subject to the provisions of Section 10.2 and Section 10.3). The Issuers shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or
reorganization of the Issuers, although any delay or failure to give any such notice shall have no effect on the subordination provisions contained herein. 
  
 10.5. Holders To Be Subrogated to Rights of Holders of Senior Debt. 
  
 Subject to the payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Senior Debt, the Holders of the Securities shall be
subrogated to the rights of the holders of Senior Debt to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or securities of the Issuers applicable to the Senior Debt until the Securities shall be paid in full; and, for the purposes of such
subrogation, no such payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior Debt by or on behalf of the Issuers, or by or on behalf of the Holders by virtue of this Article Ten, which otherwise would have been made to the Holders shall, as between
the Issuers and the Holders, be deemed to be a payment by the Issuers to or on account of the Senior Debt, it being understood that the provisions of this Article Ten are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the
Holders, on the one hand, and the holders of Senior Debt, on the other hand. 
  
 10.6. Obligations of the Issuers Unconditional. 
  
 Nothing contained in this Article Ten or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as among the Company, its creditors other than the holders of Senior Debt, and the Holders, the
obligations of the Issuers, which are absolute and unconditional, to pay to the Holders the principal of, premium, if any, and any interest on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms, or is
intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the Holders and creditors of the Issuers other than the holders of the Senior Debt, nor shall anything herein or therein prevent the Holder of any Security or the Trustee on its behalf from
exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, in respect of cash, property or securities of the Issuers received upon the exercise of any such remedy. 
  
 10.7. Notice to Trustee. 
  
 The Issuers shall give prompt written notice to a Responsible Officer of the
Trustee at its address set forth in Section 13.2 of any fact known to the Issuers which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article Ten, although any delay or
failure to give any such notice shall have no effect on the subordination provisions contained herein. Regardless of anything to the contrary contained in this Article Ten or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with
knowledge of the existence of any default or event of default with respect to any Senior Debt or of any other facts which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee unless and until the Trustee shall have received notice in
writing from the Issuers, or from a holder of Senior Debt or 

  

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a Representative therefor, and, prior to the receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee shall be entitled to assume (in the absence of actual knowledge
to the contrary) that no such facts exist (provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holders receiving any payments made in contravention of Section 10.2 and/or 10.3 (and the respective such payments) shall otherwise be subject to the
provisions of Section 10.2 and Section 10.3). The Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the delivery to it of any notice pursuant to this Section 10.7 to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Senior Debt (or a Representative
therefor). If the Trustee shall not have received, at or prior to noon New York time on the Business Day prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any such monies may become payable for any purpose, the notice provided for in this Section,
then anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to (but no affirmative obligation to) receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received and shall not
be effected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it after noon New York time on the Business Day prior to such date (provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holders receiving any payments made in contravention of
Section 10.2 and/or 10.3 (and the respective such payments) shall otherwise be subject to the provisions of Section 10.2 and Section 10.3). 
  
 In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that any evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior Debt to
participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to this Article Ten, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amounts of Senior Debt held by such Person, the extent to which
such Person is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article Ten, and if such evidence is not furnished the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending
judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such payment. 
  
 10.8. Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent. 
  
 Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Issuers referred to in
this Article Ten, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Article Seven hereof, and the Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which any insolvency, bankruptcy,
receivership, dissolution, winding-up, liquidation, reorganization or similar case or proceeding is pending, or upon a certificate of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, assignee for the benefit of creditors, agent or other
Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, the holders of the Senior Debt and other
Indebtedness of the Issuers or their Restricted Subsidiaries, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article Ten. 
  
 10.9. Trustee’s Relation to Senior Debt.

  
 The Trustee and any agent of the Issuers or the Trustee shall
be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article Ten with respect to any Senior Debt which may at any time be held by it in its individual or any other capacity to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Debt and nothing in this
Indenture shall deprive the Trustee or any such agent of any of its rights as such holder. 
  

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 With respect to the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of
its covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Article Ten, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Debt shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be
deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Debt. 
  
 Whenever a distribution is to be made or a notice given to holders or owners of Senior Debt, the distribution may be made and the notice may be given to their Representative, if any. 
  
 10.10. Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or
Omissions of the Issuers or Holders of Senior Debt. 
  
 No
right of any present or future holders of any Senior Debt to enforce subordination as provided herein shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Issuers or by any act or failure to act, in
good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Issuers with the terms of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof which any such holder may have or otherwise be charged with. 
  
 Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing paragraph, the
holders of Senior Debt may, at any time and from time to time, without the consent of or notice to the Trustee or any Holder of a Security, without incurring responsibility to the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities and without impairing or
releasing the subordination provided in this Article Ten or the obligations hereunder of the Holders of the Securities to the holders of the Senior Debt, do any one or more of the following: (i) change the manner, place or terms of payment or extend
the time of payment of, or renew or alter, Senior Debt, or otherwise amend or supplement in any manner Senior Debt, or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement under which Senior Debt is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or
otherwise deal with any property pledged, mortgaged or otherwise securing Senior Debt; (iii) release any Person liable in any manner for the payment or collection of Senior Debt; and (iv) exercise or refrain from exercising any rights against the
Issuers and any other Person. 
  
 10.11.
Securityholders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of Securities. 
  
 Each Holder of Securities by its acceptance of them authorizes and expressly directs the Trustee on its behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate, as between the holders of Senior
Debt and the Holders of Securities, the subordination provided in this Article Ten, and appoints the Trustee its attorney-in-fact for such purposes, including, in the event of any dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization of the Issuers
(whether in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, reorganization or similar proceedings or upon an assignment for the benefit of creditors or otherwise) tending towards liquidation of the business and/or assets of the Issuers, the filing of a claim
for the unpaid balance of its Securities and accrued interest in the form required in those proceedings. 
  
 If the Trustee does not file a proper claim or proof of debt in the form required in such proceeding prior to 30 days before the expiration of the time to
file such claim or claims, then the holders of the Senior Debt or their Representative are or is hereby authorized to have the right to file and are or is hereby authorized to file an appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders 

  

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of said Securities. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee or the holders of Senior Debt or their Representative to authorize or
consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee or the holders of Senior Debt or their
Representative to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding. 
  
 10.12. This Article Ten Not to Prevent Events of Default. 
  
 The failure to make a payment on account of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities by reason of any
provision of this Article Ten will not be construed as preventing the occurrence of an Event of Default. 
  
 10.13. Trustee’s Compensation Not Prejudiced. 
  
 Nothing in this Article Ten will apply to amounts due to the Trustee in its capacity as such pursuant to other sections of
this Indenture. 
  
 ARTICLE XI 
  
 GUARANTEE OF SECURITIES 
  
 11.1. Unconditional Guarantee. 
  
 Subject to the provisions of this Article Eleven, each of the Guarantors,
shall hereby, jointly and severally, unconditionally and irrevocably guarantee, on a senior subordinated basis (such guarantees to be referred to herein as the “Guarantees”) to each Holder of a Security authenticated and delivered
by the Trustee and to the Trustee and its successors and assigns, irrespective of the validity and enforceability of this Indenture, the Securities or the obligations of the Issuers or any other Guarantors to the Holders or the Trustee hereunder or
thereunder, that: (a) the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities shall be duly and punctually paid in full when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption at the option of Holders pursuant to the provisions of the Securities
relating thereto, by acceleration or otherwise, and interest on the overdue principal and (to the extent permitted by law) interest, if any, on the Securities and all other obligations of the Issuers or the Guarantors to the Holders or the Trustee
hereunder or thereunder (including amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7 hereof) and all other obligations shall be promptly paid in full or performed, all in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof; and (b) in case of any extension of time
of payment or renewal of any Securities or any of such other obligations, the same shall be promptly paid in full when due or performed in accordance with the terms of the extension or renewal, whether at maturity, by acceleration or otherwise.
Failing payment when due of any amount so guaranteed, or failing performance of any other obligation of the Issuers to the Holders under this Indenture or under the Securities, for whatever reason, each Guarantor shall be obligated to pay, or to
perform or cause the performance of, the same immediately. An Event of Default under this Indenture or the Securities shall constitute an event of default under the Guarantees, and shall entitle the Holders of Securities to accelerate the
obligations of the Guarantors hereunder in the same manner and to the same extent as the obligations of the Issuers. 
  

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 Each of the Guarantors, shall hereby agree that its obligations hereunder shall be unconditional,
irrespective of the validity, regularity or enforceability of the Securities or this Indenture, the absence of any action to enforce the same, any waiver or consent by any Holder of the Securities with respect to any provisions hereof or thereof,
any release of any other Guarantor, the recovery of any judgment against the Issuers, any action to enforce the same, whether or not a Guarantee is affixed to any particular Security, or any other circumstance which might otherwise constitute a
legal or equitable discharge or defense of a Guarantor. Each of the Guarantors, shall hereby waive the benefit of diligence, presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the Issuers, any
right to require a proceeding first against the Issuers, protest, notice and all demands whatsoever and covenants that its Guarantee shall not be discharged except by complete performance of the obligations contained in the Securities, this
Indenture and the Guarantees. Each Guarantee is a guarantee of payment and not of collection. If any Holder or the Trustee is required by any court or otherwise to return to the Issuers or to any Guarantor, or any custodian, trustee, liquidator or
other similar official acting in relation to such Issuers or such Guarantor, any amount paid by such Issuers or such Guarantor to the Trustee or such Holder, each Guarantee, to the extent theretofore discharged, shall be reinstated in full force and
effect. Each Guarantor, shall hereby further agree that, as between it, on the one hand, and the Holders of Securities and the Trustee, on the other hand, (a) subject to this Article Eleven, the maturity of the obligations guaranteed hereby may be
accelerated as provided in Article Six hereof for the purposes of the Guarantees, notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such acceleration in respect of the obligations guaranteed hereby, and (b) in the event of any
acceleration of such obligations as provided in Article Six hereof, such obligations (whether or not due and payable) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors for the purpose of the Guarantees. 
  
 No Affiliate, stockholder, officer, director, limited liability company
member or employee, past, present or future, of any Guarantor, as such, shall have any personal liability under such Guarantor’s Guarantee by reason of his, her or its status as such Affiliate, stockholder, officer, director, limited liability
company member or employee. 
  
 The obligations of each Guarantor
to the Holders of the Securities and to the Trustee pursuant to the Guarantee of such Guarantor and this Indenture are expressly subordinate and subject in right of payment to the prior payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Guarantor
Senior Debt of such Guarantor, to the extent and in the manner provided in Article Twelve. 
  
 11.2. Limitations on Guarantees. 
  
 The obligations of any Guarantor under its Guarantee shall be limited to the maximum amount which, after giving effect to all other contingent and fixed
liabilities of such Guarantor (including all Guarantor Senior Debt of the respective Guarantor) and after giving effect to any collections from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Guarantor in respect of the obligations of such other
Guarantor under its Guarantee or pursuant to its contribution obligations under this Indenture, will result in the obligations of such Guarantor under the Guarantee not constituting a fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer under federal or
state law. 
  

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 11.3. Execution and Delivery of Guarantee. 
  
 To further evidence the Guarantees set forth in Section 11.1, each
Guarantor, hereby agrees that a notation of its Guarantee, substantially in the form of Exhibit D hereto, shall be endorsed on each Security authenticated and delivered by the Trustee. The Guarantee of any Guarantor shall be executed on
behalf of such Guarantor by either manual or facsimile signature of two Officers of such Guarantor, each of whom, in each case, shall have been duly authorized to so execute by all requisite corporate action. The validity and enforceability of any
Guarantee shall not be affected by the fact that it is not affixed to any particular Security. 
  
 Each of the Guarantors, hereby agrees that its Guarantee set forth in Section 11.1 shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any failure to endorse on each Security a notation of such Guarantee.

  
 If an Officer of a Guarantor whose signature is on this
Indenture or a Guarantee no longer holds that office at the time the Trustee authenticates the Security on which such Guarantee is endorsed or at any time thereafter, such Guarantor’s Guarantee of such Security shall nevertheless be valid.

  
 The delivery of any Security by the Trustee, after the
authentication thereof hereunder, shall constitute due delivery of any Guarantee set forth in this Indenture on behalf of each Guarantor. 
  
 11.4. Release of a Guarantor. 
  
 (a) If no Default or Event of Default exists or would exist under this Indenture, upon the sale or disposition of all of the Capital Stock of a Guarantor
by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, in a transaction or series of related transactions that either (i) does not constitute an Asset Sale or (ii) constitutes an Asset Sale and such Asset Sale is not in violation of Section
4.17, or upon the consolidation or merger of a Guarantor with or into any Person in compliance with Article Five (in each case, other than to the Company or an Affiliate of the Company), or if any Guarantor is dissolved or liquidated in accordance
with this Indenture, such Guarantor’s Guarantee will be automatically discharged and such Guarantor shall be released from all obligations under this Article Eleven without any further action required on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.
Any Guarantor not so released or the entity surviving such Guarantor, as applicable, shall remain or be liable under its Guarantee as provided in this Article Eleven. 
  
 (b) In addition, each such Guarantee will be automatically discharged and the Guarantor party thereto shall be released from
all obligations under this Article Eleven without any further action on the part of the Trustee or any Holder upon (i) the release or discharge of the guarantee which resulted in the creation of such Guarantee under such Section 4.14, except a
discharge or release by or as a result of payment under such Guarantee or (ii) the designation of such Guarantor as an Unrestricted Subsidiary in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture. Any Guarantor not so released or the entity surviving
such Guarantor, as applicable, shall remain or be liable under its Guarantee as provided in this Article Eleven. 
  

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 (c) The Trustee shall deliver an appropriate instrument evidencing the release of a Guarantor upon
receipt of a request by the Issuers or such Guarantor accompanied by an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel certifying as to the compliance with this Section 11.4; provided, however, that the legal counsel delivering
such Opinion of Counsel may rely as to matters of fact on one or more Officers’ Certificates of the Company. 
  
 The Trustee shall execute any documents reasonably requested by the Issuers or a Guarantor in order to evidence the release of such Guarantor from its
obligations under its Guarantee endorsed on the Securities and under this Article Eleven. 
  
 Except as set forth in Articles Four and Five and this Section 11.4, nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities shall prevent any consolidation or merger of a Guarantor with or into the Issuers or
another Guarantor or shall prevent any sale or conveyance of the property of a Guarantor as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to the Issuers or another Guarantor. 
  
 11.5. Waiver of Subrogation. 
  
 Until this Indenture is discharged and all of the Securities are discharged and paid in full, each Guarantor, shall hereby
irrevocably waive and agrees not to exercise any claim or other rights which it may now or hereafter acquire against the Issuers that arise from the existence, payment, performance or enforcement of the Issuer’s obligations under the Securities
or this Indenture and such Guarantor’s obligations under its Guarantee and this Indenture, in any such instance, including, without limitation, any right of subrogation, reimbursement, exoneration, contribution, indemnification, and any right
to participate in any claim or remedy of the Holders against the Issuers, whether or not such claim, remedy or right arises in equity, or under contract, statute or common law, including, without limitation, the right to take or receive from the
Issuers, directly or indirectly, in cash or other property or by setoff or in any other manner, payment or security on account of such claim or other rights. If any amount shall be paid to any Guarantor in violation of the preceding sentence and any
amounts owing to the Trustee or the Holders of Securities under the Securities, this Indenture, or any other document or instrument delivered under or in connection with such agreements or instruments, shall not have been paid in full, such amount
shall have been deemed to have been paid to such Guarantor for the benefit of, and held in trust for the benefit of, the Trustee or the Holders and shall, subject to the provisions of Articles X and XII, forthwith be paid to the Trustee for the
benefit of itself or such Holders to be credited and applied to the obligations in favor of the Trustee or the Holders, as the case may be, whether matured or unmatured, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture. Each Guarantor acknowledges
that it will receive direct and indirect benefits from the financing arrangements contemplated by this Indenture and that the waiver set forth in this Section 11.5 is knowingly made in contemplation of such benefits. 
  
 11.6. Immediate Payment. 
  
 Each Guarantor, shall hereby agree to make immediate payment to the Trustee,
on behalf of the Holders or itself, of all Obligations due and owing or payable to the respective Holders or the Trustee upon receipt of a demand for payment therefor by the Trustee to such Guarantor in writing. 
  

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 11.7. No Setoff. 
  
 Each payment to be made by a Guarantor hereunder in respect of the Obligations shall be payable in the currency or
currencies in which such Obligations are denominated, and shall be made without setoff, counterclaim, reduction or diminution of any kind or nature. 
  
 11.8. Obligations Absolute. 
  
 The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder are and shall be absolute and unconditional and any monies or amounts expressed to be owing or payable by each
Guarantor hereunder which may not be recoverable from such Guarantor on the basis of a Guarantee shall be recoverable from such Guarantor as a primary obligor and principal debtor in respect thereof. 
  
 11.9. Obligations Continuing. 
  
 The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall be continuing and shall
remain in full force and effect until all the obligations have been paid and satisfied in full. Each Guarantor shall hereby agree with the Trustee that it will from time to time deliver to the Trustee suitable acknowledgments of its continued
liability hereunder and under any other instrument or instruments in such form as counsel to the Trustee may advise and as will prevent any action brought against it in respect of any default hereunder being barred by any statute of limitations now
or hereafter in force and, in the event of the failure of a Guarantor so to do, it hereby irrevocably appoints the Trustee the attorney and agent of such Guarantor to make, execute and deliver such written acknowledgment or acknowledgments or other
instruments as may from time to time become necessary or advisable, in the judgment of the Trustee on the advice of counsel, to fully maintain and keep in force the liability of such Guarantor hereunder and under its Guarantee. 
  
 11.10. Obligations Not Reduced. 
  
 The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall not be satisfied, reduced
or discharged solely by the payment of such principal, premium, if any, interest, fees and other monies or amounts as may at any time prior to discharge of this Indenture pursuant to Article Eight be or become owing or payable under or by virtue of
or otherwise in connection with the Securities or this Indenture. 
  
 11.11. Obligations Reinstated. 
  
 The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall continue to be effective or shall be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time any payment which would otherwise have reduced the obligations of any Guarantor hereunder (whether such
payment shall have been made by or on behalf of the Issuers or by or on behalf of a Guarantor) is rescinded or reclaimed from any of the Holders upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of the Issuers or any Guarantor or
otherwise, all as though such payment had not been made. If demand for, or acceleration of the time for, payment by the Issuers is stayed upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of such Issuer, all such Indebtedness otherwise
subject to demand for payment or acceleration shall nonetheless be payable by each Guarantor as provided herein. 
  

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 11.12. Obligations Not Affected. 
  
 The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall not be affected, impaired
or diminished in any way by any act, omission, matter or thing whatsoever, occurring before, upon or after any demand for payment hereunder (and whether or not known or consented to by any Guarantor or any of the Holders) which, but for this
provision, might constitute a whole or partial defense to a claim against any Guarantor hereunder or might operate to release or otherwise exonerate any Guarantor from any of its obligations hereunder or otherwise affect such obligations, whether
occasioned by default of any of the Holders or otherwise, including, without limitation: 
  
 (i) any limitation of status or power, disability, incapacity or other circumstance relating to the Issuers or any other Person, including
any insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization, readjustment, composition, dissolution, winding-up or other proceeding involving or affecting such Issuers or any other Person; 
  
 (ii) any irregularity, defect, unenforceability or invalidity in respect of any indebtedness or other
obligation of the Issuers or any other Person under this Indenture, the Securities or any other document or instrument; 
  
 (iii) any failure of the Issuers, whether or not without fault on its part, to perform or comply with any of the provisions of this
Indenture or the Securities, or to give notice thereof to a Guarantor; 
  
 (iv) the taking or enforcing or exercising or the refusal or neglect to take or enforce or exercise any right or remedy from or against the Issuers or any other Person or their respective assets or the release or
discharge of any such right or remedy; 
  
 (v)
the granting of time, renewals, extensions, compromises, concessions, waivers, releases, discharges and other indulgences to the Issuers or any other Person; 
  

(vi) any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, any of the Securities, or any other amendment,
variation, supplement, replacement or waiver of, or any consent to departure from, any of the Securities or this Indenture, including, without limitation, any increase or decrease in the principal amount of or premium, if any, or interest on any of
the Securities; 
  
 (vii) any change in the
ownership, control, name, objects, businesses, assets, capital structure or constitution of the Issuers or a Guarantor; 
  
 (viii) any merger or amalgamation of the Issuers or a Guarantor with any Person or Persons; 
  
 (ix) the occurrence of any change in the laws, rules,
regulations or ordinances of any jurisdiction by any present or future action of any governmental authority or court amending, varying, reducing or otherwise affecting, or purporting to amend, vary, reduce or otherwise affect, any of the Obligations
or the obligations of a Guarantor under its Guarantee; and 
  

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 (x) any other circumstance, including release of a Guarantor pursuant to Section 11.4
(other than by complete, irrevocable payment) that might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of the Issuers under this Indenture or the Securities or of another Guarantor in respect of its Guarantee hereunder; 

 
 provided, that the provisions of this Section 11.12 are not intended to affect in
any way any release of a Guarantor in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.4. 
  
 11.13. Waiver. 
  
 Without in any way limiting the provisions of Section 11.1 hereof, each Guarantor, shall hereby waive notice of acceptance hereof, notice of any liability
of any Guarantor hereunder, notice or proof of reliance by the Holders upon the obligations of any Guarantor hereunder, and diligence, presentment, demand for payment on the Issuers, protest, notice of dishonor or nonpayment of any of the
Obligations, or other notice or formalities to the Issuers or any Guarantor of any kind whatsoever. 
  
 11.14. No Obligation to Take Action Against the Issuers. 
  
 Neither the Trustee nor any other Person shall have any obligation to enforce or exhaust any rights or remedies or to take
any other steps under any security for the Obligations or against the Issuers or any other Person or any property of such Issuers or any other Person before the Trustee is entitled to demand payment and performance by any or all Guarantors of their
liabilities and obligations under their Guarantees or under this Indenture. 
  
 11.15. Dealing with the Issuers and Others. 
  
 The Holders, without releasing, discharging, limiting or otherwise affecting in whole or in part the obligations and liabilities of any Guarantor and without the consent of or notice to any Guarantor, may 

 
 (i) grant time, renewals, extensions, compromises,
concessions, waivers, releases, discharges and other indulgences to the Issuers or any other Person; 
  
 (ii) take or abstain from taking security or collateral from the Issuers or from perfecting security or collateral of the Issuers;

  
 (iii) release, discharge, compromise,
realize, enforce or otherwise deal with or do any act or thing in respect of (with or without consideration) any and all collateral, mortgages or other security given by the Issuers or any third party with respect to the obligations or matters
contemplated by this Indenture or the Securities; 
  
 (iv) accept compromises or arrangements from the Issuers; 
  
 (v) apply all monies at any time received from the Issuers or from any security upon such part of the Obligations as the Holders may see fit or change any such application in whole or in part from time to time as the
Holders may see fit; and 
  

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 (vi) otherwise deal with, or waive or modify their right to deal with, the Issuers and
all other Persons and any security as the Holders or the Trustee may see fit. 
  
 11.16. Default and Enforcement. 
  
 If any Guarantor fails to pay in accordance with Section 11.6 hereof, the Trustee may proceed in its name as trustee hereunder in the enforcement of the Guarantee of any such Guarantor and such Guarantor’s obligations thereunder and
hereunder by any remedy provided by law, whether by legal proceedings or otherwise, and to recover from such Guarantor the obligations. 
  
 11.17. Amendment, Etc. 
  
 No amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Indenture relating to any Guarantor or consent to any departure by any Guarantor or any
other Person from any such provision will in any event be effective unless it is signed by such Guarantor and the Trustee. 
  
 11.18. Acknowledgment. 
  
 Each Guarantor, shall hereby acknowledge communication of the terms of this Indenture and the Securities and shall hereby consent to and approves of the
same. 
  
 11.19. Costs and Expenses.

  
 Each Guarantor shall pay on demand by the Trustee any and all
costs, fees and expenses (including, without limitation, legal fees on a solicitor and client basis) incurred by the Trustee, its agents, advisors and counsel or any of the Holders in enforcing any of their rights under any Guarantee. 
  
 11.20. No Merger or Waiver; Cumulative Remedies.

  
 No Guarantee shall operate by way of merger of any of the
obligations of a Guarantor under any other agreement, including, without limitation, this Indenture. No failure to exercise and no delay in exercising, on the part of the Trustee or the Holders, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or
under this Indenture or the Securities, shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or under this Indenture or the Securities preclude any other or further exercise
thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges in the Guarantee and under this Indenture, the Securities and any other document or instrument between a Guarantor and/or the Issuers
and the Trustee are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privilege provided by law. 
  
 11.21. Survival of Obligations. 
  
 Without prejudice to the survival of any of the other obligations of any Guarantor hereunder, the obligations of each Guarantor under Section 11.1 shall
survive the payment in full of the Obligations under the Securities, but only if and to the extent such payment is avoided, and in 

  

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such case shall be enforceable against such Guarantor to the same extent as prior to any such payment and without regard to and without giving effect to any
defense, right of offset or counterclaim available to or which may be asserted by the Issuers or any Guarantor. 
  
 11.22. Guarantee in Addition to Other Obligations. 
  
 The Obligations of each Guarantor under its Guarantee and this Indenture are in addition to and not in substitution for any
other Obligations to the Trustee or to any of the Holders in relation to this Indenture or the Securities and any guarantees or security at any time held by or for the benefit of any of them. 
  
 11.23. Severability. 
  
 Any provision of this Article Eleven which is prohibited or unenforceable in
any jurisdiction shall not invalidate the remaining provisions and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction unless its removal would
substantially defeat the basic intent, spirit and purpose of this Indenture and this Article Eleven. 
  
 11.24. Successors and Assigns. 
  
 Each Guarantee shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of each Guarantor and the Trustee and the other Holders and their respective successors and
permitted assigns, except that no Guarantor may assign any of its obligations hereunder or thereunder, except as otherwise permitted in this Indenture. 
  
 ARTICLE XII 
  
 SUBORDINATION OF SUBSIDIARY GUARANTEE 
  
 12.1. Guarantee Obligations Subordinated to Guarantor Senior Debt. 
  
 Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, each of the Guarantors, for itself and its successors, and each Holder, by
his, her or its acceptance of Guarantees, agrees that the payment of all Obligations owing to the Holders in respect of its Guarantee (collectively, as to any Guarantor, its “Guarantee Obligations”) is subordinated, to the extent
and in the manner provided in this Article Twelve, to the prior payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Obligations on all existing and future Guarantor Senior Debt of such Guarantor (including the Obligations with respect to the Credit
Agreement). 
  
 This Article Twelve shall constitute a continuing
offer to all Persons who become holders of, or continue to hold, Guarantor Senior Debt, and such provisions are made for the benefit of the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt and such holders are made obligees hereunder and any one or more of them may
enforce such provisions. 
  

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 12.2. Suspension of Guarantee Obligations When Guarantor Senior Debt Is in
Default. 
  
 (a) Unless Section 12.3 shall be applicable, if
any payment default occurs and is continuing on Obligations with respect to Guarantor Senior Debt (whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration, acceleration or otherwise), then no payment or distribution of any kind or character shall be
made by or on behalf of such Guarantor or any other Person on its behalf with respect to any Guarantee Obligations or to acquire any of the Securities for cash or property or otherwise and until such payment default shall have been cured or waived
or shall have ceased to exist or such Guarantor Senior Debt shall have been paid in full in cash or Cash Equivalents, after which such Guarantor shall (subject to the other provisions of this Article Twelve) resume making any and all required
payments in respect of its obligations under its Guarantee, including any missed payments. 
  
 (b) Unless Section 12.3 shall be applicable, at any time while any Payment Blockage Notice is in existence, neither any Guarantor nor any other Person on any Guarantor’s behalf shall (x) make any payment of any
kind or character with respect to any Obligations on its Guarantee or (y) acquire any of the Securities for cash or otherwise. 
  
 (c) In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment shall be received by the Trustee or any Holder when such payment is prohibited by the
foregoing provisions of this Section 12.2, such payment shall be held for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered to, the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt (pro rata to such holders on the basis of the respective amount of
Guarantor Senior Debt held by such holders) or their respective Representatives, as their respective interests may appear. The Trustee shall be entitled to rely on information regarding amounts then due and owing on the Guarantor Senior Debt, if
any, received from the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt (or their Representatives) or, if such information is not received from such holders or their Representatives, from a Guarantor and only amounts included in the information provided to the
Trustee shall be paid to the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt. 
  
 12.3. Guarantee Obligations Subordinated To Prior Payment of All Guarantor Senior Debt on Dissolution, Liquidation or Reorganization of Such Guarantor. 
  
 (a) Upon any payment or distribution of assets of any Guarantor of any kind
or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors upon any liquidation, dissolution, winding-up, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors or marshaling of assets of such Guarantor or in a bankruptcy, reorganization,
insolvency, receivership or other similar proceeding relating to such Guarantor or its property, whether voluntary or involuntary, all Obligations due or to become due upon all Guarantor Senior Debt shall first be paid in full in cash or Cash
Equivalents (including interest after the commencement of any bankruptcy or other like proceeding at the rate specified in the applicable Senior Debt, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim in any such proceeding) before any payment or
distribution of any kind or character is made on account of any Guarantee Obligations or for the acquisition of any of the Securities for cash or property or otherwise. Upon any such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation, reorganization, receivership
or similar proceeding, any payment or distribution of assets of such Guarantor of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to which the Holders or the 

  

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Trustee under this Indenture would be entitled, except for the provisions hereof, shall be paid by such Guarantor or by any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy,
liquidating trustee, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution, or by the Holders or by the Trustee under this Indenture if received by them, directly to the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt (pro rata to such holders on the
basis of the respective amounts of Guarantor Senior Debt held by such holders) or their respective Representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any of such Guarantor Senior Debt may have been issued, as their
respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of Guarantor Senior Debt remaining unpaid until all such Guarantor Senior Debt has been paid in full in cash or Cash Equivalents after giving effect to any concurrent payment,
distribution or provision therefor to or for the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt. 
  
 (b) To the extent any payment of Guarantor Senior Debt (whether by or on behalf of a Guarantor, as proceeds of security or enforcement of any right of setoff or otherwise) is declared to be fraudulent or preferential,
set aside or required to be paid to any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other similar Person under any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, fraudulent conveyance or similar law, then, if such payment is recovered by,
or paid over to, such receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other similar Person, the Guarantor Senior Debt or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be deemed to be reinstated and outstanding as if such
payment had not occurred. 
  
 It is further agreed that any
diminution (whether pursuant to court decree or otherwise, including without limitation for any of the reasons described in the preceding paragraph) of a Guarantor’s obligation to make any distribution or payment pursuant to any Guarantor
Senior Debt, except to the extent such diminution occurs by reason of the repayment (which has not been disgorged or returned) of such Guarantor Senior Debt in cash or Cash Equivalents, shall have no force or effect for purposes of the subordination
provisions contained in this Article XII, with any turnover of payments as otherwise calculated pursuant to this Article XII to be made as if no such diminution had occurred. 
  
 (c) In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment or distribution of assets of any Guarantor of any kind or
character, whether in cash, property or securities, shall be received by the Trustee or any Holder when such payment or distribution is prohibited by this Section 12.3, such payment or distribution shall be held for the benefit of, and shall be paid
over or delivered to, the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt (pro rata to such holders on the basis of the respective amount of Guarantor Senior Debt held by such holders) or their respective Representatives, or to the trustee or
trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any of such Guarantor Senior Debt may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, for application to the payment of Guarantor Senior Debt remaining unpaid until all such Guarantor Senior
Debt has been paid in full in cash or Cash Equivalents, after giving effect to any concurrent payment, distribution or provision therefor to or for the holders of such Guarantor Senior Debt. 
  
 (d) The consolidation of any Guarantor with, or the merger of any Guarantor
with or into, another corporation or the liquidation or dissolution of a Guarantor following the conveyance or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, to another corporation upon the terms and conditions provided in Article Five and as
long as permitted under the terms of the Guarantor 

  

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Senior Debt shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization for the purposes of this Section if such other corporation shall, as
a part of such consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer, assumes the Guarantee of such Guarantor hereunder in accordance with Article Five. 
  
 12.4. Payments May Be Paid Prior to Dissolution. 
  
 Nothing contained in this Article Twelve or elsewhere in this Indenture shall prevent (i) any Guarantor, except under the
conditions described in Sections 12.2 and 12.3, from making payments at any time for the purpose of making payments on Guarantee Obligations, or from depositing with the Trustee any moneys for such payments, or (ii) in the absence of actual
knowledge by the Trustee that a given payment would be prohibited by Section 12.2 or 12.3, the application by the Trustee of any moneys deposited with it for the purpose of making such payments on Guarantee Obligations to the Holders entitled
thereto unless at least one Business Day prior to the date upon which such payment would otherwise become due and payable a Responsible Officer shall have actually received the written notice provided for in the first sentence of Section 10.2(b) or
in Section 12.7 (provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holders receiving any payments made in contravention of Sections 12.2 and/or 12.3 (and the respective such payments) shall otherwise be subject to the provisions of Section
12.2 and Section 12.3). Each Guarantor shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization of such Guarantor, although any delay or failure to give any such notice shall have no effect on the
subordination provisions contained herein. 
  
 12.5. Holders of Guarantee Obligations to Be Subrogated to Rights of Holders of Guarantor Senior Debt. 
  
 Subject to the payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Guarantor Senior Debt, the Holders of Guarantee Obligations of any Guarantor shall be
subrogated to the rights of the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt of such Guarantor to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or securities of such Guarantor applicable to such Guarantor Senior Debt until all amounts owing on or in
respect of the Guarantee Obligations shall be paid in full; and, for the purposes of such subrogation, no such payments or distributions to the holders of such Guarantor Senior Debt by or on behalf of such Guarantor, or by or on behalf of the
Holders by virtue of this Article Twelve, which otherwise would have been made to the Holders shall, as between such Guarantor and the Holders, be deemed to be a payment by such Guarantor to or on account of such Guarantor Senior Debt, it being
understood that the provisions of this Article Twelve are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders, on the one hand, and the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt, on the other hand. 
  
 12.6. Obligations of the Guarantors Unconditional.

  
 Nothing contained in this Article Twelve or elsewhere in this
Indenture or in the Guarantees is intended to or shall impair, as among the Guarantors, their creditors other than the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt, and the Holders, the obligation of the Guarantors, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay
to the Holders all amounts due and payable under the Guarantees as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the Holders and creditors of the Guarantors
other than the 

  

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holders of the Guarantor Senior Debt, nor shall anything herein or therein prevent any Holder or the Trustee on its behalf from exercising all remedies
otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, in respect of cash, property or securities of the Guarantors received upon the exercise of any such remedy. 
  
 12.7. Notice to Trustee. 
  
 Each Guarantor shall give prompt written notice to a Responsible Officer of
the Trustee at its address set forth in Section 13.2 of any fact known to such Guarantor which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Guarantees pursuant to the provisions of this Article Twelve, although any
delay or failure to give any such notice shall have no effect on the subordination provisions contained herein. Regardless of anything to the contrary contained in this Article Twelve or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged
with knowledge of the existence of any default or event of default with respect to any Guarantor Senior Debt or of any other facts which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee unless and until the Trustee shall have received
notice in writing from a Guarantor, or from a holder of Guarantor Senior Debt or a Representative therefor, and, prior to the receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee shall be entitled to assume (in the absence of actual knowledge to the
contrary) that no such facts exist (provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holders receiving any payments made in contravention of Section 12.2 and/or 12.3 (and the respective such payments) shall otherwise be subject to the
provisions of Section 12.2 and Section 12.3). The Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the delivery to it of any notice pursuant to this Section 12.7 to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Guarantor Senior Debt (or a
Representative therefor). If the Trustee shall not have received, at or prior to noon New York time on the Business Day prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any such monies may become payable for any purpose, the notice provided for in
this Section, then anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to (but no affirmative obligation to) receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received
and shall not be effected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it after noon New York time on the Business Day prior to such date (provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holders receiving any payments made in
contravention of Section 12.2 and/or 12.3 (and the respective such payments) shall otherwise be subject to the provisions of Section 12.2 and Section 12.3). 
  
 In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that any evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Guarantor
Senior Debt to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to this Article Twelve, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amounts of Guarantor Senior Debt held by such
Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article Twelve, and if such evidence is not furnished the Trustee may defer any
payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such payment. 
  
 12.8. Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent. 
  
 Upon any payment or distribution of assets of a Guarantor referred to in
this Article Twelve, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Article Seven hereof, and the Holders shall be 

  

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entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which any insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, dissolution,
winding-up, liquidation, reorganization or similar case or proceeding is pending, or upon a certificate of the trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, receiver, assignee for the benefit of creditors, agent or other Person making such payment or
distribution, delivered to the Trustee or the Holders, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, the holders of the Guarantor Senior Debt and other Indebtedness of such Guarantor, the amount
thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article Twelve. 
  
 12.9. Trustee’s Relation to Guarantor Senior Debt. 
  
 The Trustee and any agent of a Guarantor or the Trustee shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article Twelve
with respect to any Guarantor Senior Debt which may at any time be held by it in its individual or any other capacity to the same extent as any other holder of Guarantor Senior Debt and nothing in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee or any such
agent of any of its rights as such holder. 
  
 With respect to the
holders of Guarantor Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Article Twelve, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of
Guarantor Senior Debt shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt. 
  
 Whenever a distribution is to be made or a notice given to holders or owners of Guarantor Senior Debt, the distribution may
be made and the notice may be given to their Representative, if any. 
  
 12.10. Subordination Rights Not Impaired by Acts or Omissions of the Guarantors or Holders of Guarantor Senior Debt. 
  
 No right of any present or future holders of any Guarantor Senior Debt to enforce subordination as provided herein shall at any time in any way be
prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of any Guarantor or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by any Guarantor with the terms of this Indenture, regardless of any
knowledge thereof which any such holder may have or otherwise be charged with. 
  
 Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing paragraph, the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt may, at any time and from time to time, without the consent of or notice to the Trustee or any Holder of a
Security, without incurring responsibility to the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities and without impairing or releasing the subordination provided in this Article Twelve or the obligations hereunder of the Holders of the Securities to the
holders of Guarantor Senior Debt, do any one or more of the following: (i) change the manner, place or terms of payment or extend the time of payment of, or renew or alter, Guarantor Senior Debt, or otherwise amend or supplement in any manner
Guarantor Senior Debt, or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement under which Guarantor Senior Debt is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or otherwise deal with any property pledged, mortgaged or otherwise securing 

  

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Guarantor Senior Debt; (iii) release any Person liable in any manner for the payment or collection of Guarantor Senior Debt; and (iv) exercise or refrain
from exercising any rights against the Guarantors and any other Person. 
  
 12.11. Holders Authorize Trustee to Effectuate Subordination of Guarantee Obligations. 
  
 Each Holder of Guarantee Obligations by its acceptance of them authorizes and expressly directs the Trustee on its behalf to take such action as may be
necessary or appropriate to effectuate, as between the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt and the Holders, the subordination provided in this Article Twelve, and appoints the Trustee its attorney-in-fact for such purposes, including, in the event of
any dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization of any Guarantor (whether in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, reorganization or similar proceedings or upon an assignment for the benefit of credits or otherwise) tending towards
liquidation of the business and assets of any Guarantor, the filing of a claim for the unpaid balance under its Guarantee Obligations and accrued interest in the form required in those proceedings. 
  
 If the Trustee does not file a proper claim or proof of debt in the form
required in such proceeding prior to 30 days before the expiration of the time to file such claim or claims, then the holders of the Guarantor Senior Debt or their Representative are or is hereby authorized to have the right to file and are or is
hereby authorized to file an appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders of said Guarantee Obligations. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee or the holders of Guarantor Senior Debt or their Representative to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Guarantee Obligations or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee or the holders
of Guarantor Senior Debt or their Representative to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding. 
  
 12.12. This Article Twelve Not to Prevent Events of Default. 
  
 The failure to make a payment on account of principal of or interest on the Guarantees by reason of any provision of this
Article Twelve will not be construed as preventing the occurrence of an Event of Default. 
  
 12.13. Trustee’s Compensation Not Prejudiced. 
  
 Nothing in this Article Twelve will apply to amounts due to the Trustee in its capacity as such pursuant to other sections
of this Indenture. 
  
 ARTICLE XIII 
  
 MISCELLANEOUS 
  
 13.1. TIA Controls. 
  
 If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required to be included
in this Indenture by the TIA, the required provision shall control. 
  

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 13.2. Notices. 
  
 Any notices or other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing, and shall be sufficiently given if
made by hand delivery, by telex, by telecopier or registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as follows: 
  
 if to the Issuers or a Guarantor: 
  
 Quality Distribution, LLC 
 3802 Corporex Park Drive 
 Tampa, Florida 33619 
 Attention: Chief Financial Officer 
 Fax No: (813) 630-1537 
  
 with a
copy to: 
  
 O’Melveny & Myers LLP

 30 Rockefeller Plaza 
 New York, New York 10112 
 Attention: Rosa Testani, Esq. 
 Fax No: (212) 218-9452 
  
 if to the Trustee: 
  
 The Bank for New York 
 101 Barclay Street 
 8th Floor West 
 New York, New York 10286 
 Attention: Corporate Trust Department/Quality Distribution 
  
 The Issuers and the Trustee by written notice to each other such Person may designate additional or different addresses for notices to such Person or Persons. Any notice or communication to the Issuers and the
Trustee, shall be deemed to have been given or made as of the date so delivered if personally delivered; when answered back, if telecopied; and five (5) calendar days after mailing if sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid (except
that a notice of change of address shall not be deemed to have been given until actually received by the addressee), except that, with respect to any mailing, notices to the Trustee shall be deemed effective only upon receipt. 
  
 Any notice or communication mailed to a Securityholder shall be mailed to him
by first class mail or other equivalent means at his address as it appears on the registration books of the Registrar and shall be sufficiently given to him if so mailed within the time prescribed. 
  
 Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Securityholder or any defect
in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders. If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it. 
  

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 13.3. Communications by Holders with Other Holders. 
  
 Securityholders may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other
Securityholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities. The Issuers, the Trustee, the Registrar and any other Person shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c). 
  
 13.4. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions
Precedent. 
  
 Upon any request or application by the Issuers
to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Issuers shall furnish to the Trustee at the request of the Trustee: 
  
 (i) an Officers’ Certificate, in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee, stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all
conditions precedent to be performed or effected by the Issuers, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and 
  
 (ii) an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, any and all such conditions
precedent have been complied with. 
  
 13.5.
Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. 
  
 Each
certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture, other than the Officers’ Certificate required by Section 4.8, shall include: 
  
 (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or
opinion has read such covenant or condition; 
  
 (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 
  
 (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is
necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 
  
 (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of each such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with;
provided, however, that with respect to matters of fact an Opinion of Counsel may rely on an Officers’ Certificate or certificates of public officials. 
  
 13.6. Rules by Trustee, Paying Agent, Registrar. 
  
 The Trustee, Paying Agent or Registrar may make reasonable rules for its
functions. 
  

 -118- 








 13.7. Legal Holidays. 
  
 If a payment date is not a Business Day, payment may be made on the next
succeeding day that is a Business Day. 
  
 13.8.
Governing Law. 
  
 THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES AND EACH
GUARANTEE WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK BUT WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE
REQUIRED THEREBY. Each of the parties hereto agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities or any Guarantees. 
  
 13.9. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.

  
 This Indenture may not be used to interpret another
indenture, loan or debt agreement of any of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. 
  
 13.10. No Recourse Against Others. 
  
 No Affiliate, director, manager, officer, employee, limited liability company members or stockholder of the Company or any
Subsidiary, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Issuers under the Securities or any Guarantee or this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each
Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. Such waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Securities. 
  
 13.11. Successors. 
  
 All agreements of the Issuers and the Guarantors in this Indenture and the Securities and the Guarantees shall bind their
respective successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor. 
  
 13.12. Duplicate Originals. 
  
 All parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy or counterpart shall be an original, but all of them together shall
represent the same agreement. 
  
 13.13.
Severability. 
  
 In case any one or more of the
provisions in this Indenture, the Securities or the Guarantees shall be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable, in any respect for any reason, the validity, legality and enforceability of any such provision in every other respect and of the
remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby, it being intended that all of the provisions hereof shall be enforceable to the full extent permitted by law. 
  

 -119- 








 SIGNATURES 
  

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the date first written above. 
  

	 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC

		
	 By:
	 	 /s/  Thomas Finkbiner
  


	 	 	 Name: Thomas Finkbiner

	 	 	 Title: President

	
	 QD CAPITAL CORPORATION

		
	 By:
	 	 /s/  Thomas Finkbiner
  


	 	 	 Name: Thomas Finkbiner

	 	 	 Title: President

	
	 GUARANTORS:

	
	 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, INC.

		
	 By:
	 	 /s/  Thomas Finkbiner
  


	 	 	 Name: Thomas Finkbiner

	 	 	 Title: President

	
	 AMERICAN TRANSINSURANCE GROUP, INC.
 CHEMICAL LEAMAN CORPORATION
 ENVIROPOWER, INC.
 FLEET TRANSPORT COMPANY, INC.
 MEXICO INVESTMENTS, INC.
 POWER PURCHASING, INC.
 QUALITY CARRIERS, INC.
 QSI SERVICES, INC.

		
	 By:
	 	 /s/  Thomas Finkbiner
  


	 	 	 Name: Thomas Finkbiner

	 	 	 Title: President



  

 S-1 









	 QUALA SYSTEMS, INC.
 TRANSPLASTICS, INC.

		
	 By:
	 	 /s/    Thomas Finkbiner


	 	 	 Name: Thomas Finkbiner

	 	 	 Title: Vice President

	
	 MTL OF NEVADA

		
	 By:
	 	 /s/    James Rakitsky


	 	 	 Name: James Rakitsky

	 	 	 Title: President

	
	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK, as Trustee

		
	 By:
	 	 /s/    Sironji Dionial


	 	 	 Name: Sironji Dionial

	 	 	 Title: Assistant Vice-President



  

 S-2 








 Exhibit A 
  

[FORM OF INITIAL NOTE]a 
  
 [FACE OF SECURITY] 
  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC 
 QD CAPITAL CORPORATION 
  
 9% Senior Subordinated Note due 2010 
  
 No. 
 Principal Amount $ 
 ISIN No. 
 CUSIP No. 
  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the
“Company”) and QD CAPITAL CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“QD Capital”, and together with the Company, the “Issuers”), which terms include any of their successors under the Indenture
hereinafter referred to), for value received promise to pay to CEDE & CO. or registered assigns, the principal sum of Dollars ($ ) on November 15, 2010. 
  
 Interest Payment Dates: May 15 and November 15; commencing May 15, 2004. 
  
 Record Dates: May 1 and November 1. 
  

Reference is made to the further provisions of this Security contained herein, which will for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this
place. 


	a	Add Private Placement Legend and, if appropriate, Global Security Legend. 

  

 A-1 








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuers have caused this Security to be signed manually or by facsimile by their
duly authorized officers. 
  
 Dated: November 13,
2003 
  

	 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Name:

	 	 	 Title:

	
	 QD CAPITAL CORPORATION

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Name:

	 	 	 Title:



  

 A-2 








 [FORM OF TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION] 
  
 This is one of the 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 described in the
within-mentioned Indenture. 
  

	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK, as Trustee

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Authorized Signatory



  

 A-3 








 [REVERSE OF SECURITY] 
  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC 
 QD CAPITAL CORPORATION 
  
 9% Senior Subordinated Note due 2010 
  
 1. Interest. 
  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC, a
Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”) and QD CAPITAL CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“QD Capital”, and together with the Company, the “Issuers”), which terms include any of their
successors under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), promise to pay interest on the principal amount of this Security at the rate per annum shown above. The Issuers will pay interest semiannually on May 15 and November 15 of each year (the
“Interest Payment Date”), commencing, with respect to the Initial Notes, May 15, 2004. Interest on this Security will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from and
including the date of issuance. Interest on this Security will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 
  
 The Issuers shall pay interest on overdue principal from time to time on demand at the rate borne by this Security plus 2% and on overdue installments of
interest (without regard to any applicable grace periods) to the extent lawful. 
  
 2. Method of Payment. 
  
 The Issuers shall pay interest on the Securities (except defaulted interest) to the Persons who are the registered Holders at the close of business on the
Record Date immediately preceding the Interest Payment Date even if the Securities are canceled on registration of transfer or registration of exchange (including pursuant to an Exchange Offer (as defined in the Indenture)) after such Record Date.
Holders must surrender Securities to a Paying Agent to collect principal payments. The Issuers shall pay principal, premium, if any and interest in money of the United States that at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and
private debts (“U.S. Legal Tender”). However, the Issuers may pay principal, premium, if any, and interest by wire transfer of federal funds, or interest by check payable in such U.S. Legal Tender. The Issuers may deliver any such
interest payment to the Paying Agent or to a Holder at the Holder’s registered address. 
  
 3. Paying Agent and Registrar. 
  
 Initially, The Bank of New York (the “Trustee”) will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Issuers may change any Paying Agent,
Registrar or co-Registrar without notice to the Holders. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may, subject to certain exceptions, act as Registrar or co-Registrar. 
  

 A-4 








 4. Indenture. 
  
 The Issuers issued the Securities under an Indenture, dated as of November 13, 2003 (the “Indenture”),
among the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Trustee. This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of Securities of the Issuers designated as their 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 (the “Initial Notes”). Capitalized terms
herein are used as defined in the Indenture unless otherwise defined herein. The terms of the Securities include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C.
§§ 77aaa-77bbbb) (the “TIA”), as in effect on the date of the Indenture until such time as the Indenture is qualified under the TIA, and thereafter as in effect on the date on which the Indenture is qualified under the
TIA. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Securities are subject to all such terms, and Holders of Securities are referred to the Indenture and the TIA for a statement of them. The Securities are general obligations of the Issuers
unlimited in amount, of which an aggregate principal amount of $125,000,000 are being issued on the Issue Date. 
  
 5. Subordination. 
  
 All Obligations on, or relating to, the Securities are subordinated in right of payment, in the manner and to the extent set forth in the Indenture, to
the prior payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Obligations on, or relating to, Senior Debt of the Issuers, whether outstanding on the date of the Indenture or thereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed (including Obligations
with respect to the Credit Agreement). Each Holder by his acceptance hereof agrees to be bound by such provisions and authorizes and expressly directs the Trustee, on his behalf, to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate
the subordination provided for in the Indenture and appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for such purposes. 
  
 6. Optional Redemption. 
  
 The Issuers may redeem the Securities, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, on and after November 15, 2007, upon not less than 30 nor more
than 60 days’ notice, at the following redemption prices (expressed as percentages of the principal amount thereof) if redeemed during the twelve-month period commencing on November 15 of the years set forth below, plus, in each case, accrued
and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to the date of redemption (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date): 
  

	 Year

	  	Percentage

	 
	 2007
	  	104.500	%
	 2008
	  	102.250	%
	 2009 and thereafter
	  	100.000	%

  
 The Issuers may redeem
the Securities, at any time, or from time to time, on or prior to November 15, 2006, by using the Net Cash Proceeds of one or more Equity Offerings to redeem up to 35% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities originally issued under the
Indenture at a redemption price equal to 109% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to the date of redemption; provided, however, that after any such redemption 

  

 A-5 








 
the aggregate principal amount of the Securities outstanding must equal at least 65% of the aggregate amount of the Securities originally issued under the
Indenture. In order to effect the foregoing redemption with the Net Cash Proceeds of any Equity Offering, the Issuers shall make such redemption not more than 120 days after the consummation of any such Equity Offering. 
  
 In addition, at any time prior to November 15, 2007, upon the occurrence of a
Change of Control, Quality Distribution, LLC and/or QD Capital may redeem the Securities, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to the principal amount thereof plus the Applicable Premium plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to
the date of redemption (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date). Notice of redemption of the Securities pursuant to this paragraph shall be mailed to
Holders of the Securities not more than 30 days following the occurrence of a Change of Control. 
  
 7. Notice of Redemption. 
  
 Notice of redemption shall be mailed by first-class mail at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the Redemption Date to each Holder of
Securities to be redeemed at such Holder’s registered address. Securities in denominations of $1,000 may be redeemed only in whole. The Trustee may select for redemption portions (equal to $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof) of the
principal of Securities that have denominations larger than $1,000. 
  
 If any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. A new Security in a principal amount equal to the unredeemed
portion thereof will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security. On and after the Redemption Date, interest will cease to accrue on Securities or portions thereof called for redemption, subject to the
provisions of the Indenture. 
  
 8. Change of
Control Offer. 
  
 Upon the occurrence of a Change of
Control, the Issuers will be required, as and to the extent set forth in the Indenture, to offer to purchase all of the outstanding Securities at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if
any, thereon to the date of repurchase (subject to the right of Securityholders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date); provided however, that notwithstanding the occurrence
of a Change of Control, the Issuers shall not be obligated to repurchase the Securities pursuant to this paragraph 8 in the event that the Issuers have exercised their right to redeem all of the Securities under the terms of paragraph 6 hereof).

  
 9. Limitation on Asset Sales.

  
 The Issuers are, subject to certain conditions, obligated to
make an offer to purchase Securities at 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the date of repurchase with certain Net Cash Proceeds of certain sales or other dispositions of assets in accordance with
the Indenture. 
  

 A-6 








 10. Registration Rights. 
  
 Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Issuers will be obligated
to consummate an exchange offer pursuant to which the Holder of this Security shall have the right to exchange this Security for the Issuer’s 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 (the “Exchange Notes”), which shall have been
registered under the Securities Act, in like principal amount and having terms identical in all material respects to the Initial Notes. The Holders of the Initial Notes shall be entitled to receive certain additional interest payments in the event
such exchange offer is not consummated and upon certain other conditions, all pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement. 
  

11. Denominations; Transfer; Exchange. 
  
 The Securities are in registered form, without coupons, in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000. A
Holder shall register the transfer of or exchange Securities in accordance with the Indenture. The Registrar may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and to pay certain transfer taxes or
similar governmental charges payable in connection therewith as permitted by the Indenture. The Registrar need not register the transfer of or exchange any Securities or portions thereof selected for redemption, except the unredeemed portion of any
security being redeemed in part. 
  
 12.
Persons Deemed Owners. 
  
 The registered Holder of a
Security shall be treated as the owner of it for all purposes. 
  
 13. Unclaimed Funds. 
  
 If funds for the payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest remain unclaimed for two years, the Trustee and the Paying Agent will repay the funds to the Issuers at their request. After that, all liability of the Trustee and such
Paying Agent with respect to such funds shall cease. 
  
 14. Discharge Prior to Redemption or Maturity. 
  
 The Issuers and any Guarantor may be discharged from their obligations under the Indenture or the Securities and any Guarantee except for certain provisions thereof, and may be discharged from obligations to comply with certain covenants
contained in the Indenture and the Securities and any Guarantee, in each case upon satisfaction of certain conditions specified in the Indenture. 
  
 15. Amendment; Supplement; Waiver. 
  
 Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture and the Securities and any Guarantee may be amended or supplemented with the written consent of the Holders
of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding, and any existing Default or Event of Default or compliance with any provision may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities then outstanding. Without notice to or 

  

 A-7 








 
consent of any Holder, the parties thereto may amend or supplement the Indenture, the Securities and the Guarantees, to, among other things, cure any
ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, provide for uncertificated Securities and any Guarantee in addition to or in place of certificated Securities or comply with any requirements of the Commission in connection with the qualification of the Indenture
under the TIA, or make any other change that does not materially adversely affect the rights of any Holder of a Security. 
  
 16. Restrictive Covenants. 
  
 The Indenture contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries to make restricted
payments, to incur indebtedness, to create liens, to sell assets, to permit restrictions on dividends and other payments by Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company to the Company, to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of its assets
or to engage in transactions with affiliates. The limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions. The Company must annually report to the Trustee on compliance with such limitations. 
  
 17. Defaults and Remedies. 
  
 If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders
of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of Securities then outstanding may declare all the Securities to be due and payable immediately in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Holders of Securities may not enforce the
Indenture, the Securities or any Guarantee except as provided in the Indenture. The Trustee is not obligated to enforce the Indenture, the Securities or the Guarantees, unless it has received reasonable indemnity satisfactory to it. The Indenture
permits, subject to certain limitations therein provided, Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities or any Guarantee then outstanding to direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power. The Trustee may withhold
from Holders of Securities notice of certain continuing Defaults or Events of Default if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest. 
  
 18. Trustee Dealings with Issuers. 
  
 The Trustee under the Indenture, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the
Issuers, their Subsidiaries or their respective Affiliates as if it were not the Trustee. 
  
 19. No Recourse Against Others. 
  
 No Affiliate, stockholder, director, officer, employee or limited liability company member of the Issuers or any of their Subsidiaries shall have any
liability for any obligation of the Issuers under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of a Security by accepting a Security waives and releases all
such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Securities. 
  

 A-8 








 20. Authentication. 
  
 This Security shall not be valid until the Trustee or authenticating agent
signs the certificate of authentication on this Security. 
  
 21. Abbreviations and Defined Terms. 
  
 Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder of a Security or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of
survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act). 
  
 22. Governing Law. 
  
 This Security shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York but without giving effect to applicable principles
of conflicts of law to the extent that the application of the law of another jurisdiction would be required thereby. 
  
 23. CUSIP and ISIN Numbers. 
  
 Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Issuers have caused CUSIP and ISIN numbers to
be printed on the Securities as a convenience to the Holders of the Securities. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers as printed on the Securities and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed
hereon. 
  
 24. Indenture. 
  
 Each Holder, by accepting a Security, agrees to be bound by all of the terms
and provisions of the Indenture, as the same may be amended from time to time. 
  
 The Issuers will furnish to any Holder of a Security upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture which has the text of this Security in larger type. Requests may be made to: Quality Distribution,
LLC, 3802 Corporex Park Drive, Tampa, Florida 33619, Attn: Chief Financial Officer. 
  

 A-9 








 ASSIGNMENT FORM 
  
 I or we assign and transfer this Security to 
  
                                       
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                    
  
                                       
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                    
 (Print or type name, address and zip
code of assignee or transferee) 
  
                                       
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                    
 (Insert Social Security or other
identifying number of assignee or transferee) 
  
 and irrevocably appoint
                                        
                                        
                                        agent
to transfer this Security on the books of the Issuers. The agent may substitute another to act for him. 
  

	 Dated:
	 	  

	 	 Signed:
	 	  


	 	 	 	 	 	 	 (Sign exactly as name appears on the other side of this Security)

		
	 Signature Guarantee:
	 	  


	 	 	 	 	 Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor program reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee)


  
 In connection with any
transfer of this Security occurring prior to the date which is the earlier of (i) the date of the declaration by the Commission of the effectiveness of a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities
Act”), covering resales of this Security (which effectiveness shall not have been suspended or terminated at the date of the transfer) and (ii) 
  

 A-10 








 November 13, 2005, the undersigned confirms that it has not utilized any general solicitation or general advertising in
connection with the transfer and that this Security is being transferred: 
  
 [Check One] 
  

	  ̈
	 	 (1)
	  	to the Issuers or a subsidiary thereof; or
			
	  ̈
	 	 (2)
	  	pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act; or
			
	  ̈
	 	 (3)
	  	outside the United States to a “foreign person” in compliance with Rule 904 of Regulation S under the Securities Act; or
			
	  ̈
	 	 (4)
	  	pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144 under the Securities Act; or
			
	  ̈
	 	 (5)
	  	pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act; or
			
	  ̈
	 	 (6)
	  	pursuant to another available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act;

  
 and unless the box below is checked,
the undersigned confirms that such Security is not being transferred to an “affiliate” of the Issuers as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (an “Affiliate”): 
  

	  ̈
	 	 	  	    The transferee is an Affiliate of the Issuers.

  
 Unless one of the
items is checked, the Trustee will refuse to register any of the Securities evidenced by this certificate in the name of any person other than the registered Holder thereof; provided that if box (3), (4) or (6) is checked, the Issuers or the
Trustee may require, prior to registering any such transfer of the Securities, in their sole discretion, such legal opinions, certifications (including an investment letter in the case of box (3)) and other information as the Trustee or the Issuers
have reasonably requested to confirm that such transfer is being made pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act. 
  

 A-11 








 If none of the foregoing boxes is checked, the Trustee or Registrar shall not be obligated to register
this Security in the name of any person other than the Holder hereof unless and until the conditions to any such transfer of registration set forth herein and in Section 2.16 of the Indenture shall have been satisfied. 
  

	 Dated:
	 	  

	 	 	 	Signed:	 	  


	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(Sign exactly as name appears on the other side of this Security)
			
	 Signature Guarantee:
	 	 	 	  



  
 TO BE COMPLETED BY
PURCHASER IF (2) ABOVE IS CHECKED 
  
 The undersigned
represents and warrants that it is purchasing this Security for its own account or an account with respect to which it exercises sole investment discretion and that it and any such account is a “qualified institutional buyer” within
the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act and is aware that the sale to it is being made in reliance on Rule 144A and acknowledges that it has received such information regarding the Issuers as the undersigned has requested pursuant to Rule
144A or has determined not to request such information and that it is aware that the transferor is relying upon the undersigned’s foregoing representations in order to claim the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144A. 
  

	 Dated:
	 	  


	 NOTICE:        To be executed by an executive officer


  

 A-12 








 OPTION OF HOLDER TO ELECT PURCHASE 
  
 If you want to elect to have this Security purchased by the Company pursuant to Section 4.16 or Section 4.17 of the
Indenture, check the appropriate box: 
  

	Section 4.16      ̈	 	Section 4.17      ̈

  
 If you want to elect
to have only part of this Security purchased by the Company pursuant to Section 4.16 or Section 4.17 of the Indenture, state the amount: $             
  

	 Dated:

	  	 Signed:


	 	  	 (Sign exactly as name appears on the other side of this Security)

		
	 Signature Guarantee:
	  	  


	 	  	 Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor program reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee)


  

 A-13 








 Exhibit B 
  

[FORM OF EXCHANGE NOTE]a 
  
 [FACE OF SECURITY] 
  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC 
 QD CAPITAL CORPORATION 
  
 9% Senior Subordinated Note due 2010 
  
 CUSIP No. 
  
 ISIN No. 
  

	 No.
	 	 $


  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION,
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”) and QD CAPITAL CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“QD Capital”, and together with the Company, the “Issuers”), which terms include any of
its successors under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received promise to pay to CEDE & CO. or registered assigns, the principal sum of Dollars ($), on November 15, 2010. 
  
 Interest Payment Dates: May 15 and November 15, commencing May 15, 2004.

  
 Record Dates: May 1 and November 1. 
  
 Reference is made to the further provisions of this Security contained
herein, which will for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place. 


	a	Add Global Security Legend, if appropriate. 

  

 B-1 








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuers have caused this Security to be signed manually or by facsimile by their
duly authorized officers. 
  
 Dated: November 13,
2003 
  

	 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Name:

	 	 	 Title:

	
	 QD CAPITAL CORPORATION

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Name:

	 	 	 Title:



  

 B-2 








 [FORM OF TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION] 
  
 This is one of the 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 described in the
within-mentioned Indenture. 
  

	 THE BANK OF NEW YORK, as Trustee

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Authorized Signatory



  

 B-3 








 [REVERSE OF SECURITY] 
  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC 
 QD CAPITAL CORPORATION 
  
 9% Senior Subordinated Note due 2010 
  
 1. Interest. 
  
 QUALITY DISTRIBUTION, LLC, a
Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”) and QD CAPITAL CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“QD Capital”, and together with the Company, the “Issuers”), which terms include any of their
successors under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), promise to pay interest on the principal amount of this Security at the rate per annum shown above. The Issuers will pay interest semiannually on May 15 and November 15 of each
year (the “Interest Payment Date”), commencing May 15, 2004. Interest on this Security will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from and including November 13, 2003.
Interest on this Security will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 
  
 The Issuers shall pay interest on overdue principal from time to time on demand at the rate borne by this Security plus 2% and on overdue installments of
interest (without regard to any applicable grace periods) to the extent lawful. 
  
 2. Method of Payment. 
  
 The Issuers shall pay interest on the Securities (except defaulted interest) to the Persons who are the registered Holders at the close of business on the
Record Date immediately preceding the Interest Payment Date even if the Securities are canceled on registration of transfer or registration of exchange (including pursuant to an Exchange Offer (as defined in the Indenture)) after such Record Date.
Holders must surrender Securities to a Paying Agent to collect principal payments. The Issuers shall pay principal, premium, if any and interest in money of the United States that at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and
private debts (“U.S. Legal Tender”). However, the Issuers may pay principal, premium, if any, and interest by wire transfer of federal funds, or interest by check payable in such U.S. Legal Tender. The Issuers may deliver any such
interest payment to the Paying Agent or to a Holder at the Holder’s registered address. 
  
 3. Paying Agent and Registrar. 
  
 Initially, The Bank of New York (the “Trustee”) will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Issuers may change any Paying Agent,
Registrar or co-Registrar without notice to the Holders. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may, subject to certain exceptions, act as Registrar or co-Registrar. 
  

 B-4 








 4. Indenture. 
  
 The Issuers issued the Securities under an Indenture, dated as of November 13, 2003 (the “Indenture”),
among the Issuers, the Guarantors and the Trustee. This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of Securities of the Issuers designated as their 9% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2010 (the “Initial Notes”). Capitalized terms
herein are used as defined in the Indenture unless otherwise defined herein. The terms of the Securities include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C.
§§ 77aaa-77bbbb) (the “TIA”), as in effect on the date of the Indenture until such time as the Indenture is qualified under the TIA, and thereafter as in effect on the date on which the Indenture is qualified under the
TIA. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Securities are subject to all such terms, and Holders of Securities are referred to the Indenture and the TIA for a statement of them. The Securities are general obligations of the Issuers
unlimited in amount, of which an aggregate principal amount of $125,000,000 are being issued on the Issue Date. 
  
 5. Subordination. 
  
 All Obligations on, or relating to, the Securities are subordinated in right of payment, in the manner and to the extent set forth in the Indenture, to
the prior payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Obligations on, or relating to, Senior Debt of the Issuers, whether outstanding on the date of the Indenture or thereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed (including Obligations
with respect to the Credit Agreement). Each Holder by his acceptance hereof agrees to be bound by such provisions and authorizes and expressly directs the Trustee, on his behalf, to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate
the subordination provided for in the Indenture and appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for such purposes. 
  
 6. Optional Redemption. 
  
 The Issuers may redeem the Securities, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, on and after November 15, 2007, upon not less than 30 nor more
than 60 days’ notice, at the following redemption prices (expressed as percentages of the principal amount thereof) if redeemed during the twelve-month period commencing on November 15 of the years set forth below, plus, in each case, accrued
and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to the date of redemption (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date): 
  

	 Year

	  	Percentage

	 
	 2007
	  	104.500	%
	 2008
	  	102.250	%
	 2009 and thereafter
	  	100.000	%

  
 The Issuers may redeem
the Securities, at any time, or from time to time, on or prior to November 15, 2006, by using the Net Cash Proceeds of one or more Equity Offerings to redeem up to 35% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities originally issued under the
Indenture at a redemption price equal to 109% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to the date of redemption; provided, however, that after any such redemption 

  

 B-5 








 
the aggregate principal amount of the Securities outstanding must equal at least 65% of the aggregate amount of the Securities originally issued under the
Indenture. In order to effect the foregoing redemption with the Net Cash Proceeds of any Equity Offering, the Issuers shall make such redemption not more than 120 days after the consummation of any such Equity Offering. 
  
 In addition, at any time prior to November 15, 2007, upon the occurrence of a
Change of Control, Quality Distribution, LLC and/or QD Capital may redeem the Securities, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to the principal amount thereof plus the Applicable Premium plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to
the date of redemption (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date). Notice of redemption of the Securities pursuant to this paragraph shall be mailed to
Holders of the Securities not more than 30 days following the occurrence of a Change of Control. 
  
 7. Notice of Redemption. 
  
 Notice of redemption shall be mailed by first-class mail at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the Redemption Date to each Holder of
Securities to be redeemed at such Holder’s registered address. Securities in denominations of $1,000 may be redeemed only in whole. The Trustee may select for redemption portions (equal to $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof) of the
principal of Securities that have denominations larger than $1,000. 
  
 If any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. A new Security in a principal amount equal to the unredeemed
portion thereof will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security. On and after the Redemption Date, interest will cease to accrue on Securities or portions thereof called for redemption, subject to the
provisions of the Indenture. 
  
 8. Change of
Control Offer. 
  
 Upon the occurrence of a Change of
Control, the Issuers will be required, as and to the extent set forth in the Indenture, to offer to purchase all of the outstanding Securities at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if
any, thereon to the date of repurchase (subject to the right of Securityholders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date); provided, however, that notwithstanding the
occurrence of a Change of Control, the Issuers shall not be obligated to repurchase the Securities pursuant to this paragraph 8 in the event that the Issuers have exercised their right to redeem all of the Securities under the terms of paragraph 6
hereof). 
  
 9. Limitation on Asset Sales.

  
 The Issuers are, subject to certain conditions, obligated to
make an offer to purchase Securities at 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the date of repurchase with certain Net Cash Proceeds of certain sales or other dispositions of assets in accordance with
the Indenture. 
  

 B-6 








 10. Denomination, Transfer, Exchange. 
  
 The Securities are in registered form, without coupons, in denominations of
$1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000. A Holder shall register the transfer of or exchange Securities in accordance with the Indenture. The Registrar may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer
documents and to pay certain transfer taxes or similar governmental charges payable in connection therewith as permitted by the Indenture. The Registrar need not register the transfer of or exchange any Securities or portions thereof selected for
redemption, except the unredeemed portion of any security being redeemed in part. 
  
 11. Persons Deemed Owners. 
  
 The registered Holder of a Security shall be treated as the owner of it for all purposes. 
  
 12. Unclaimed Funds. 
  
 If funds for the payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest remain unclaimed for two years, the Trustee and the
Paying Agent will repay the funds to the Issuers at their request. After that, all liability of the Trustee and such Paying Agent with respect to such funds shall cease. 
  
 13. Discharge Prior to Redemption or Maturity. 
  
 The Issuers and the Subsidiary Guarantors, if any, may be discharged from
their obligations under the Indenture or the Securities and any Guarantee except for certain provisions thereof, and may be discharged from obligations to comply with certain covenants contained in the Indenture and the Securities and any Guarantee,
in each case upon satisfaction of certain conditions specified in the Indenture. 
  
 14. Amendment; Supplement; Waiver. 
  
 Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture and the Securities and any Guarantees may be amended or supplemented with the written consent of the Holders
of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding, and any existing Default or Event of Default or compliance with any provision may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities then outstanding. Without notice to or consent of any Holder, the parties thereto may amend or supplement the Indenture, the Securities and any Guarantee to, among other things, cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency,
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities or comply with any requirements of the Commission in connection with the qualification of the Indenture under the TIA, or make any other change that does not
materially adversely affect the rights of any Holder of a Security. 
  
 15. Restrictive Covenants. 
  
 The Indenture contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries to make restricted payments, to incur indebtedness, to 

  

 B-7 








 
create liens, to sell assets, to permit restrictions on dividends and other payments by Restricted Subsidiaries of the Company to the Company, to
consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of its assets or to engage in transactions with affiliates. The limitations are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions. The Company must annually report to the Trustee on
compliance with such limitations. 
  
 16.
Defaults and Remedies. 
  
 If an Event of Default occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of Securities then outstanding may declare all the Securities to be due and payable immediately in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.
Holders of Securities may not enforce the Indenture, the Securities or any Guarantee except as provided in the Indenture. The Trustee is not obligated to enforce the Indenture, the Securities or the Guarantees, unless it has received reasonable
indemnity satisfactory to it. The Indenture permits, subject to certain limitations therein provided, Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding to direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power.
The Trustee may withhold from Holders of Securities notice of certain continuing Defaults or Events of Default if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest. 
  
 17. Trustee Dealings with Issuers. 
  
 The Trustee under the Indenture, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and
may otherwise deal with the Issuers, their Subsidiaries or their respective Affiliates as if it were not the Trustee. 
  
 18. No Recourse Against Others. 
  
 No Affiliate, stockholder, director, officer, employee or limited liability company member of the Issuers or any of their Subsidiaries shall have any
liability for any obligation of the Issuers under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of a Security by accepting a Security waives and releases all
such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Securities. 
  
 19. Authentication. 
  
 This Security shall not be valid until the Trustee or authenticating agent signs the certificate of authentication on this Security. 
  
 20. Abbreviations and Defined Terms. 
  
 Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder of a Security or
an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).

  

 B-8 








 21. Governing Law. 
  
 This Security shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York but without giving
effect to applicable principles of conflicts of law to the extent that the application of the law of another jurisdiction would be required thereby. 
  
 22. CUSIP and ISIN Numbers. 
  
 Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Issuers have caused CUSIP and ISIN numbers to
be printed on the Securities as a convenience to the Holders of the Securities. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers as printed on the Securities and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed
hereon. 
  
 23. Indenture. 
  
 Each Holder, by accepting a Security, agrees to be bound by all of the terms
and provisions of the Indenture, as the same may be amended from time to time. 
  
 The Issuers will furnish to any Holder of a Security upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture which has the text of this Security in larger type. Requests may be made to: Quality Distribution,
LLC, 3802 Corporex Park Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33619, Attn: Chief Financial Officer. 
  

 B-9 








 ASSIGNMENT FORM 
  
 I or we assign and transfer this Security to 
  

	__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
	
	__________________________________________________________________________________________________________(Print or type name, address and zip code of assignee or
transferee)
	
	__________________________________________________________________________________________________________(Insert Social Security or other identifying number of assignee or
transferee)

  
 and irrevocably appoint
                                       
                                        
      agent to transfer this Security on the books of the Issuers. The agent may substitute another to act for him. 
  

	 Dated:

	  	 Signed:


	 	  	 (Sign exactly as name appears on the other side of this Security)

		
	 Signature Guarantee:
	  	  


	 	  	 Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor program reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee)


  

 B-10 








 OPTION OF HOLDER TO ELECT PURCHASE 
  
 If you want to elect to have this Security purchased by the Company pursuant to Section 4.16 or Section 4.17 of the
Indenture, check the appropriate box: 
  

	Section 4.16      ̈	 	Section 4.17      ̈

  
 If you want to elect
to have only part of this Security purchased by the Company pursuant to Section 4.16 or Section 4.17 of the Indenture, state the amount: $             
  

	 Dated:

	  	 Signed:


	 	  	 (Sign exactly as name appears on the other side of this Security)

	 Signature Guarantee:
	  	  


	 	  	 Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor program reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee)


  
  

 B-11 








 Exhibit C 
  

Form of Certificate To Be 
 Delivered in Connection with 
 Transfers Pursuant to Regulation S 
  
 [Date] 
  
 Attention: 
  

	 Re:   Quality Distribution, LLC
 QD Capital Corporation
 9% Senior
Subordinated Notes due 2010
 (the “Securities”)        



  
 In connection with our
proposed sale of $             aggregate principal amount of the Securities, we confirm that such sale has been effected pursuant to and in accordance with Regulation S under the
U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and, accordingly, we represent that: 
  
 (1) the offer of the Securities was not made to a person in the United States; 
  
 (2) either (a) at the time the buy offer was originated, the transferee was outside the United States or we and any person
acting on our behalf reasonably believed that the transferee was outside the United States, or (b) the transaction was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated offshore securities market and neither we nor any person acting on our
behalf knows that the transaction has been prearranged with a buyer in the United States; 
  
 (3) no directed selling efforts have been made in the United States in contravention of the requirements of Rule 903(b) or Rule 904(b) of Regulation S, as applicable; 
  
 (4) the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration
requirements of the Securities Act; and 
  
 (5) we have advised
the transferee of the transfer restrictions applicable to the Securities. 
  

 C-1 








 You and the Issuers are entitled to rely upon this letter and are irrevocably authorized to produce this
letter or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby. Terms used in this certificate have the meanings set forth in Regulation S. 
  

	 Very truly yours,

	
	 [Name of Transferor]

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Authorized Signature



  

 C-2 








 Exhibit D 
  

GUARANTEE 
  
 For value received, each of the undersigned hereby unconditionally guarantees, jointly and severally, as principal obligor and not only as a surety, to
the Holder of this Security the cash payments in United States dollars of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on this Security in the amounts and at the times when due and interest on the overdue principal, premium, if any, and interest, if
any, of this Security, if lawful, and the payment or performance of all other obligations of the Issuers under the Indenture (as defined below) or the Securities, to the Holder of this Security and the Trustee, all in accordance with and subject to
the terms and limitations of this Security, Article Eleven of the Indenture and this Guarantee. 
  
 Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Indenture dated as of November 13, 2003 (the
“Indenture”), among Quality Distribution, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”) and QD Capital Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“QD Capital”, and together with the Company,
the “Issuers”), the Guarantors, and The Bank of New York, as trustee (the “Trustee”). 
  
 The obligations of each of the undersigned to the Holders of Securities and to the Trustee pursuant to this Guarantee and the Indenture are expressly set
forth in Article Eleven of the Indenture and reference is hereby made to the Indenture for the precise terms of the Guarantee and all of the other provisions of the Indenture to which this Guarantee relates. 
  
 The Guarantees are subordinated in right of payment, in the manner and to the
extent set forth in the Indenture, to the prior payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Guarantor Senior Debt of each Guarantor, whether outstanding on the date of the Indenture or thereafter created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed. Each
Holder by his acceptance hereof agrees to be bound by such provisions and authorizes and expressly directs the Trustee, on his behalf, to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination provided for in the
Indenture and appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for such purposes. 
  
 THIS GUARANTEE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS
OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY. Each of the undersigned Guarantors hereby agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Guarantee.

  

 D-1 








 This Guarantee is subject to release upon the terms set forth in the Indenture. 
  
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Guarantor has caused its Guarantee to be duly
executed. 
  

	 [                                    ]

	 [                                    ]

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Name:

	 	 	 Title:

		
	 By:
	 	  


	 	 	 Name:

	 	 	 Title:



  

 D-2