# Patent

## Title
Field effect transistor fabrication methods, field emission device fabrication methods, and field emission device operational methods

## Abstract

The present invention includes field effect transistors, field emission apparatuses, thin film transistors, and methods of forming field effect transistors. According to one embodiment, a field effect transistor includes a semiconductive layer configured to form a channel region; a pair of spaced conductively doped semiconductive regions in electrical connection with the channel region of the semiconductive layer; a gate intermediate the semiconductive regions; and a gate dielectric layer intermediate the semiconductive layer and the gate, the gate dielectric layer being configured to align the gate with the channel region of the semiconductive layer. In one aspect, chemical-mechanical polishing self-aligns the gate with the channel region. According to another aspect, a field emission device includes a transistor configured to control the emission of electrons from an emitter.

## Background
RELATED PATENT DATA
This patent resulted from a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/260,231, filed on Mar. 1, 1999, entitled “Field Effect Transistors, Field Emission Apparatuses, Thin Film Transistors, and Methods of Forming Field Effect Transistors”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,378, naming Ji Ung Lee and John Kichul Lee as inventors, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to field effect transistors, field emission apparatuses, thin film transistors, and methods of forming field effect transistors.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field effect transistors are well known in the art. Such transistors are utilized in a variety of applications. One exemplary field effect transistor configuration is the thin film transistor. Thin film transistor configurations have been particularly useful in field emission devices, such as field emission displays.
In typical arrangements, thin film field effect transistors are formed over an insulative substrate, such as glass. A thin film semiconductive layer is formed over the insulative substrate. An exemplary semiconductive layer comprises amorphous silicon. A gate dielectric layer and gate layer are provided over the thin film layer and patterned using photolithography to form a gate. Conductive regions are formed intrinsically using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with appropriate gas precursors to form the thin film field effect transistor construction.
Precise alignment of the gate with the active region of a field effect transistor, including thin film transistor configurations, is desired to ensure proper operation of the device as well as enhance the operational characteristics of the device. There exists a need in the art to provide improved field effect transistor device configurations and methodologies for fabricating such transistor devices for controlling emission.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides field effect transistors, field emission apparatuses, thin film transistors, and methods of forming field effect transistors.
According to one aspect of the present invention a field effect transistor includes a semiconductive layer configured to form a channel region. The field effect transistor further includes a pair of spaced conductively doped regions in electrical connection with the channel region of the semiconductive layer and a gate intermediate the semiconductive regions. A gate dielectric layer is provided intermediate the semiconductive layer and the gate, and the gate dielectric layer is configured to align the gate with the channel region of the semiconductive layer.
According to some aspects of the present invention, the conductive regions comprise source/drain regions. One of the source/drain regions may be formed to comprise a field emitter providing a field emission apparatus. The field emission apparatus is configured as an active field device in some configurations.
In one aspect, chemical-mechanical polishing self-aligns the gate with the channel region. According to another aspect, a field emission device includes a transistor configured to control the emission of electrons from an emitter.
Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a method of forming a field effect transistor. The method includes the steps of forming a semiconductive layer having a channel region and forming plural spaced conductively doped regions electrically coupled with the semiconductive layer. This method further provides forming a gate dielectric layer over the semiconductive layer, forming a gate over the gate dielectric layer, and aligning the gate with the channel region using the gate dielectric layer.
Other aspects of the present invention are disclosed herein.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the following accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a segment of a thin film field effect transistor at a preliminary processing step.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the segment shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the segment shown in FIG. 1 at a subsequent processing step.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the segment shown in FIG. 3 at a subsequent processing step.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the segment shown in FIG. 4 at a subsequent processing step.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the segment shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the segment shown in FIG. 5 at a subsequent processing step.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the segment shown in FIG. 7 at a subsequent processing step.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of the segment shown in FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the segment comprising a thin film field effect transistor.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of the thin film field effect transistor shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a segment comprising an alternative thin film field effect transistor configuration.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a segment showing processing of a field emission device at a preliminary processing step.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the segment shown in FIG. 13 at a subsequent processing step.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the segment shown in FIG. 14 at a subsequent processing step.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the segment comprising a field emission device.
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a segment of an alternative field emission device.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This disclosure of the invention is submitted in furtherance of the constitutional purposes of the U.S. Patent Laws “to promote the progress of science and useful arts” (Article 1, Section 8).
The present invention discloses transistors and methods of forming transistors. An exemplary transistor of the present invention includes a thin film transistor (TFT) having a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) construction. One fabrication method of the present invention for forming a first thin film field effect transistor configuration is described herein with reference to FIG. 1-FIG. 11. A second thin film field effect transistor configuration according to the present invention is depicted in FIG. 12. Fabrication of another thin film field effect transistor arrangement including a field emitter is described herein with reference to FIG. 13-FIG. 16. The configuration depicted in FIG. 16 comprises an active switching field emission device. Although the present invention is described with reference to thin film field effect transistors, the invention is not to be limited to such disclosed configurations.
Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a segment or fragment 10 of a thin film field effect transistor is illustrated. Segment 10 includes an insulative substrate 12 and a semiconductive layer 14 formed over insulative substrate 12. Exemplary materials for insulative substrate 12 include glass, sapphire or silicon oxide. Semiconductive layer 14 is preferably formed as a thin film semiconductive layer having an approximate height or thickness of 0.2-0.5 microns. Thin film semiconductive layer 14 comprises amorphous silicon according to the described embodiment although other materials may be utilized, such as SiC, CdSe, polycrystalline Si, microcrystalline Si, etc.
Thin film semiconductive layer 14 is ideally doped to provide increased conductivity. In one embodiment, thin film semiconductive layer 14 is doped with a p-type impurity using intrinsic doping. As described below, thin film conductive layer 14 is configured to form a channel region 15 of a field effect transistor to selectively conduct electrons between adjacent semiconductive regions (shown in FIG. 5). Accordingly, at least a portion of layer 14 is provided intermediate the subsequently formed semiconductive regions.
Formation of thin film semiconductive layer 14 comprises providing a semiconductive layer over an upper surface of insulative substrate 12, and subsequently patterning the layer to provide the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1. Conventional photolithography techniques are used in one embodiment to pattern the thin film semiconductive layer. As shown in FIG. 2, the patterned thin film semiconductive layer 14 forms a substantially rectangular shape in the presently described thin film field effect transistor configuration.
Referring to FIG. 3, a semiconductive layer 16 is formed over insulative substrate 12 and patterned thin film semiconductive layer 14. Semiconductive layer 16 has an exemplary height or thickness of approximately 1-3 microns and is preferably doped to provide increased conductivity. In the described embodiment, semiconductive layer 16 is preferably doped with an n+ type dopant to provide enhanced conductivity. Intrinsic doping using appropriate precursor gases are utilized in the described embodiment to dope layer 16.
Referring to FIG. 4, a patterned mask 18 is provided over semiconductive layer 16. Mask 18 permits subsequent processing of segment 10 in accordance with the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, mask 18 comprises positive photoresist formed by photolithography. Individual portions of mask 18 individually have a length of approximately 10 microns.
Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, portions of semiconductive layer 16 have been removed providing plural semiconductive regions 20, 22. Semiconductive regions 20, 22 correspond to mask 18 and may be formed by etching exposed portions of semiconductive layer 16. A largely isotropic silicon wet etch or plasma dry etch is utilized in one embodiment to etch layer 16 and form regions 20, 22.
As illustrated, semiconductive regions 20, 22 are formed over and in electrical connection with thin film semiconductive layer 14 and channel region 15 thereof. Channel region 15 generally extends intermediate semiconductive regions 20, 22. Semiconductive regions 20, 22 preferably comprise spaced conductively doped n+ regions. In the presently described embodiment, semiconductive regions 20, 22 are formed as mesas.
Semiconductive regions 20, 22 comprise source/drain regions of a field effect transistor. In typical applications, semiconductive regions 20, 22 comprise a source region and drain region, respectively.
Referring to FIG. 7, a gate dielectric layer 30 and gate layer 32 are formed over substrate 12, semiconductive layer 14, and semiconductive source/drain regions 20, 22. Exemplary materials for layers 30, 32 include silicon oxide and conductively doped polysilicon, respectively. In the described embodiment, gate layer 32 is doped with an n+ dopant using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques. Gate dielectric layer 30 has an exemplary height within the range of approximately 0.1-0.4 microns, and gate layer 32 has an exemplary thickness of approximately 0.2-0.5 microns. Preferably, gate dielectric layer 30 has a uniform thickness.
In the illustrated embodiment, layers 30, 32 are provided with a combined thickness “a” which does not exceed the individual heights “b” of semiconductive regions 20, 22. More specifically, semiconductive regions 20, 22 comprise respective upper outermost surfaces 21, 23. Layer 32 includes an upper outermost surface 33 above channel region 15. As referred to herein, upper outermost surfaces refer to surfaces away from or opposite insulative substrate 12 and thin film semiconductive layer 14. Surfaces 21, 23 are provided elevationally higher than surface 33 in the described embodiment. Surfaces 21, 23 may be elevationally coincident or below surface 33 in other embodiments.
According to the preferred embodiment, channel region 15 has a thickness less than the thickness of layer 32. Accordingly, the height of region 15 and layer 30 have a combined thickness “c” less than a combined thickness “d” comprising layer 30 and layer 32.
Referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, portions of gate dielectric layer 30, gate layer 32 and semiconductive regions 20, 22 have been removed. According to the described fabrication method, segment 10 is polished to remove portions of regions 20, 22 and layers 30, 32. The polishing comprises chemical-mechanical polishing according to the preferred embodiment. Respective uppermost surfaces or portions of semiconductive regions 20, 22 are removed before removing any portions of gate dielectric layer 30 formed above a subsequently formed gate (having reference numeral 34 in FIG. 8). Polishing of segment 10 comprises initially polishing respective uppermost surfaces 21, 23 of source/drain regions 20, 22 before polishing any portions of gate layer 32 comprising surface 33 (surfaces 21, 23 and 33 are shown in FIG. 7) above thin film channel region 15. Surface 33 of gate layer 32 tends to act as a stopping position during polishing of fragment 10.
A timed etch is used in an alternative fabrication method to remove portions of gate dielectric layer 30, gate layer 32 and semiconductive regions 20, 22.
The processing step shown in FIG. 8 provides an isolated gate 34 intermediate semiconductive source/drain regions 20, 22. Gate 34 is formed over and operatively proximate channel region 15. More specifically, gate 34 is configured to control current flow intermediate semiconductive regions 20, 22 through channel region 15.
The described processing method for forming gate 34 includes removal of portions of gate dielectric layer 30, gate layer 32 and semiconductive regions 20, 22 in a common processing step. Preferably, gate 34 is formed without the use of a mask over gate material which subsequently forms gate 34. In particular, portions of both gate dielectric layer 30 and gate material layer 32 are removed using polishing or etching techniques as previously described without using a mask over the gate material which forms gate 34.
Utilization of the described and preferred fabrication method provides a gate 34 which self-aligns with channel region 15, and accomplishes such without any photomasking. Provision of gate dielectric layer 30 having a uniform thickness over thin film semiconductive layer 14, and subsequent removal of portions of gate dielectric layer 30 and gate layer 32 operate to form and align gate 34 with channel region 15. The preferred uniform thickness of gate dielectric layer 30 spaces gate 34 equally from semiconductive regions 20, 22 and aligns gate 34 with channel region 15.
Still referring to FIG. 8, gate 34 has an upper outermost surface 35 and semiconductive regions 20, 22 have respective upper outermost surfaces 24, 25. In some instances, surface 35 comprises the same surface of gate layer 32 depicted with reference numeral 33 in FIG. 7. Alternately, some polishing into layer 32 through surface 33 occurs.
Surfaces 24, 25 are elevationally lower than surfaces 21, 23 shown in FIG. 7 due to polishing of segment 10 according to the described fabrication method. Gate dielectric layer 30 includes upper outermost surfaces 31 following polishing of segment 10. As illustrated, gate upper outermost surface 35 is substantially elevationally coincident with gate dielectric layer upper outermost surfaces 31 and surfaces 24, 25 of respective semiconductive regions 20, 22.
Although such step is not depicted, portions of gate dielectric layer 30 and gate layer 32 located laterally outside of semiconductive regions 20, 22 are preferably removed following the polishing of segment 10 as shown in FIG. 8. A mask is formed over and intermediate semiconductive regions 20, 22 according to one processing method of removing such external material of layers 30, 32. Thereafter, the external portions of layers 30, 32 are etched or otherwise removed to provide the structure shown in FIG. 8.
Referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, one configuration of a thin film field effect transistor 38 is shown. Thin film field effect transistor 38 formed upon segment 10 includes conductive material formed over gate 34 and source/drain regions 20, 22. The conductive material forms plural source/drain electrodes 40, 42 and a gate electrode 44. Electrodes 40, 42, 44 are utilized to provide electrical connection of respective components of thin film field effect transistor 38 with external circuitry (not illustrated). The conductive material comprises doped silicon or metal in exemplary embodiments.
Referring to FIG. 12, another configuration of a thin film field effect transistor is depicted wherein like reference numerals represent like components with any substantial differences indicated by suffix “a”. The depicted segment 10a includes an alternative thin film field effect transistor configuration 38a. Thin film field effect transistor 38a of segment 10a includes a conductive layer 17 intermediate insulative substrate 12 and semiconductive layer 14a. Formation of conductive layer 17 provides channel bias of region 15. Semiconductive layer 14a has a reduced thickness compared with the semiconductive layer of previously described transistor configurations. Semiconductive layer 14a is provided over insulative substrate 12 and conductive layer 17. Conductive layer 17 is formed by chemical vapor deposition in one embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 13, a segment 10b of a field emission apparatus is illustrated. Segment 10b of FIG. 13 depicts the field emission apparatus at an intermediate processing step corresponding to the processing step of segment 10 illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. Segment 10b includes a thin film semiconductive layer 14b having an increased lateral dimension over substrate 12.
One of source/drain regions 20, 22a over layer 14b is shaped to form a field emitter 50 in accordance with the presently described embodiment. As illustrated, source/drain region 22 is formed as field emitter 50. Source/drain region 20 comprises a mesa similar to the previously described thin film field effect transistor configurations. Source/drain region 20 could be formed to comprise a field emitter and region 22 could be formed as a mesa in another embodiment.
Field emitter 50 can be formed utilizing a mask similar to the depicted mask 18 of FIG. 4 and having a reduced width. Utilization of a narrow mask provides source/drain region 22a with a point which projects outwardly from substrate 12 and thin film semiconductive layer 14b to form field emitter 50. One possible mask for fabricating field emitter 50 comprises a circular mask having a diameter of approximately 1 to 2 microns.
In accordance with one fabrication method, source/drain region 22a comprising field emitter 50 is formed by a combination of isotropic and anisotropic etching of semiconductive layer 16 in plasma which contains fluorinated gas, such as NF3, in combination with a chlorinated gas, such as Cl2, and helium. Such an etching process preferably provides field emitter 50 having an atomically sharp tip. Other fabrication techniques can also be utilized.
Referring to FIG. 14, following formation of semiconductive region 22a as field emitter 50, processing of segment 10b occurs in a manner similar to the processing of the thin film field effect transistor previously described. For example, gate dielectric layer 30 and gate layer 32 are formed over semiconductive regions 20, 22a, substrate 12 and semiconductive layer 14b. The tip of field emitter 50 is preferably provided elevationally below the surface 33 of gate layer 32 and surface 21 of semiconductive region 20.
Referring to FIG. 15, segment 10b has undergone polishing or other processing to remove portions of gate dielectric layer 30, gate layer 32 and semiconductive region 20. Such polishing comprises chemical-mechanical polishing in the described embodiment and ceases prior to any polishing of field emitter 50. As previously described, the removal of portions of layers 30, 32, and region 20 provides a gate 34a aligned with channel region 15 intermediate semiconductive regions 20, 22a. 
Referring to FIG. 16, segment 10b having a field emission apparatus 60 thereon is illustrated. Field emission apparatus 60 comprises a thin film transistor including field emitter 50.
Similar to the previously described embodiment, external portions of gate dielectric layer 30 and gate layer 32 are preferably removed following the polishing of segment 10b. However, only the lateral portions of layers 30, 32 adjacent and outwardly of semiconductive region 20 are removed in the preferred embodiment. The external lateral portions of layers 30, 32 adjacent the field emitter 50 are not removed according to one embodiment. More specifically, such lateral portions are utilized to provide an active field emission apparatus 60. The lateral portions provide a gate 34a about field emitter 50.
The depicted segment 10b also includes a conductive material comprising electrodes 40, 44a over selected portions of the depicted thin film field emission apparatus 60. The conductive material can comprise doped silicon or metal in exemplary embodiments. Electrodes 40, 44a are utilized to provide electrical connection with respective components 41 of thin film field emission apparatus 60 with external circuitry (not illustrated). Such circuitry is configured in one embodiment to control the operation of field emission apparatus 60. Gate 34a is configured to control current flow intermediate semiconductive region 20 and semiconductive region 22a comprising field emitter 50 responsive to the selective application of a voltage potential via external circuitry (not shown) to gate 34a. Gate 34a also controls the emission of electrons from field emitter 50.
Cavity 36 is formed within gate dielectric layer 30 intermediate gate 34a and semiconductive region 20. Cavity 37 is formed within gate dielectric layer 30 adjacent field emitter 50. Cavities 36, 37 are formed by etching in the described embodiment. An etchant is preferably chosen to permit etching of gate dielectric layer 30 with minimal or no etching of gate layer 32 (i.e., selective to gate layer 32) as illustrated.
Referring to FIG. 17, a segment 10c having an alternative field emission apparatus 60a thereon is illustrated. Apparatus 60a includes plural emitters 50 as shown. Emitters 50 are formed using the techniques previously described. A gate 34b comprising material of layer 32 is provided about individual emitters 50 similar to the gate 34a of FIG. 16.
Electrodes 40, 44b comprising a conductive material such as doped silicon or metal are shown over portions of field emission apparatus 60a. Electrodes 40, 44b are coupled with external circuitry (not shown) configured to control the operation of apparatus 60a. Gate 34b is configured to control current flow intermediate region 20 and regions 22a comprising field emitters 50. As such, gate 34b controls the emission of electrons from field emitters 50.
In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific as to structural and methodical features. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific features shown and described, since the means herein disclosed comprise preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted in accordance with the doctrine of equivalents.

## Claims

1. A field effect transistor fabrication method comprising:
providing semiconductive material including a channel region:
providing a source semiconductive region and a drain semiconductive region adjacent to the channel region of the semiconductive material, and wherein the providing the drain semiconductive region comprises providing at least one emitter;
providing gate dielectric material over the channel region:
providing a gate over the gate dielectric material and the channel region; and
wherein the providing the gate comprises polishing the gate dielectric material and gate material to form the gate aligned with the channel region of the semiconductive material.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the providing the semiconductive material comprises providing a thin film semiconductive layer.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the providing the at least one emitter comprises providing a plurality of emitters.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the providing the gate comprises providing the gate about the emitter.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the providing the drain semiconductive region and the providing the at least one emitter comprise etching.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the providing the drain semiconductive region and the providing the at least one emitter comprise forming the drain semiconductive region and the at least one emitter to comprise a monolithic semiconductive material.

7. A field effect transistor fabrication method comprising:
providing semiconductive material including a channel region;
providing a plurality of semiconductive regions adjacent to the channel region of the semiconductive material, wherein at least one of the semiconductor regions comprises an emitter;
self-aligning a gate with the semiconductive regions after the providing the semiconductive regions; and
providing gate dielectric material over the channel region and the gate dielectric material including an upper surface substantially elevationally coincident with an upper surface of the gate.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the providing the semiconductive material comprises providing a thin film semiconductive layer.

9. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
providing gate dielectric material over the channel region; and
providing gate material over the gate dielectric material;
wherein the self-aligning comprises polishing the gate dielectric material and the gate material.

10. The method of claim 7 further comprising providing the gate intermediate the semiconductive regions, and wherein the gate is configured to control a flow of electrons intermediate the semiconductive regions.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein the self-aligning the gate with the semiconductive regions forms a transistor comprising the gate and semiconductive regions.

12. The method of claim 7 wherein the gate is the gate of a transistor, the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing the semiconductive regions of the transistor, and the self-aligning comprises self-aligning the gate of the transistor with the plurality of semiconductive regions of the transistor.

13. The method of claim 7 wherein the self-aligning comprises self-aligning the gate with the plurality of semiconductive regions which are adjacent to opposing sides of the channel region.

14. The method of claim 7 wherein another of the semiconductive regions is not an emitter, and wherein the self-aligning comprises self-aligning the gate with the at least one of the semiconductive regions and the another of the semiconductive regions.

15. A field emission device fabrication method comprising:
providing semiconductive material;
providing a plurality of semiconductive regions adjacent to the semiconductive material, and wherein the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing one of the semiconductive regions comprising a plurality of emitters;
providing a gate intermediate the semiconductive regions; and
wherein the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing the semiconductive regions adjacent to opposing sides of a channel region of the semiconductive material, and wherein the semiconductive regions are elevationally above an uppermost surface of the semiconductive material.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the providing the semiconductive material comprises providing a thin film semiconductive layer.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the providing the semiconductive regions and the providing the gate comprise forming a field effect transistor.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein the providing one of the semiconductive regions comprising the emitters comprises forming a tip of one of the emitters elevationally below an upper surface of the gate and an upper surface of another one of the semiconductive regions.

19. The method of claim 15 wherein the providing the gate comprises providing the gate about one of the emitters.

20. The method of claim 15 wherein the providing the one of the semiconductive regions comprising the emitters comprises etching.

21. The method of claim 15 wherein the plurality of emitters are electrically coupled with a single one of another of the semiconductive regions via the gate comprising a single gate electrode.

22. A field emission device operational method comprising:
providing a plurality of semiconductive regions adjacent to a channel region, and wherein at least one of the semiconductive regions comprises an emitter;
controlling current flow intermediate the semiconductive regions within the channel region and controlling emission of electrons from the field emitter using a gate intermediate the semiconductive regions;
wherein the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing the semiconductive regions adjacent to semiconductive material comprising a thin film semiconductive layer; and
wherein the semiconductive material comprises the channel region, wherein the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing the semiconductive regions adjacent to opposing sides of the channel region, and wherein the semiconductive regions are elevationally above an uppermost surface of the semiconductive material.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising configuring the gate and the semiconductive regions to form a field effect transistor.

24. The method of claim 22 wherein the providing the at least one of the semiconductive regions comprising an emitter comprises etching to form the at least one semiconductive region and the emitter.

25. A field effect transistor fabrication method comprising:
providing semiconductive material including a channel region;
providing a plurality of semiconductive regions adjacent to the channel region of the semiconductive material;
providing a gate comprising gate material over the channel region of the semiconductive material without the use of a mask over the gate material; and
wherein the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing a drain region comprising a field emitter.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the providing the semiconductive material comprises providing a thin film semiconductive layer.

27. The method of claim 25 further comprising providing gate dielectric material over the semiconductive material, and wherein the providing the gate comprises aligning the gate with the channel region of the semiconductive material using gate dielectric material.

28. The method of claim 25 wherein the providing the gate comprises removing portions of the gate material to self-align the gate with the channel region of the semiconductive material.

29. The method of claim 25 further comprising providing gate dielectric material over the semiconductive material, and wherein an upper surface of the gale dielectric material is substantially elevationally coincident with an upper surface of the gate.

30. A field effect transistor fabrication method comprising:
providing spaced semiconductive regions including a channel region positioned therebetween;
providing gate material and gate dielectric material over the channel region:
polishing the gate dielectric material and the gate material to form a gate intermediate the spaced semiconductive regions over the channel region; and
wherein the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing a drain comprising a field emitter.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the polishing aligns the gate with the channel region.

32. The method of claim 30 wherein the polishing comprises chemical-mechanical polishing.

33. A field effect transistor fabrication method comprising:
providing semiconductive material including a channel region;
providing a source semiconductive region and a drain semiconductive region adjacent to the channel region of the semiconductive material, and wherein the providing the drain semiconductive region comprises providing a plurality of emitters;
providing gate dielectric material over the channel region;
providing a gate over the gate dielectric material and the channel region; and
wherein the providing the source and drain semiconductive regions comprises providing the source and drain semiconductive regions adjacent to opposing sides of the channel region of the semiconductive material, and wherein the source and drain semiconductive regions are elevationally above an uppermost surface of the semiconductive material.

34. A field emission device fabrication method comprising:
providing semiconductive material;
providing a plurality of semiconductive regions adjacent to the semiconductive material, and wherein the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing one of the semiconductive regions comprising an emitter;
providing a gate intermediate the semiconductive regions; and
wherein the providing one of the semiconductive regions comprising the emitter comprises forming a tip of the emitter elevationally below an upper surface of the gate and an upper surface of another one of the semiconductive regions.

35. A field effect transistor fabrication method comprising:
providing semiconductive material including a channel region;
providing a plurality of semiconductive regions adjacent to the channel region of the semiconductive material, wherein at least one of the semiconductor regions comprises an emitter;
self-aligning a gate with the semiconductive regions after the providing the semiconductive regions;
providing gate dielectric material over the channel region:
providing gate material over the gate dielectric material; and
wherein the self-aligning comprises polishing the gate dielectric material and the gate material.

36. A field emission device fabrication method comprising:
providing semiconductive material;
providing a plurality of semiconductive regions adjacent to the semiconductive material, and wherein the providing the semiconductive regions comprises providing one of the semiconductive regions comprising a plurality of emitters;
providing a gate intermediate the semiconductive regions; and
wherein the providing one of the semiconductive regions comprising the emitters comprises forming a tip of one of the emitters elevationally below an upper surface of the gate and an upper surface of another one of the semiconductive regions.