# Patent

## Title
Zero acoustic splice fan case liner

## Abstract

A liner assembly for a fan case includes a noise attenuation layer covered by a face sheet. The face sheet includes openings to the underlying noise attenuation layer. The face sheet and noise attenuation layer include acoustically transparent joints. The noise attenuation layer includes a first side joined to a second side at a seam by an adhesive strip. The adhesive strip bonds the first side to the second side without filling any chambers. The face sheet includes a joint filled with an adhesive providing the desired uninterrupted surface within the fan case. Openings are formed through the joint and the adhesive to communicate with the underlying noise attenuation layer. The joint and seam become essentially transparent acoustically to improve noise attenuation performance.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention generally relates to a fan case for turbine engines, and more particularly to a fan case liner including an acoustically active joint.
Conventional turbine and turbofan engines for aircraft include a plurality of turbine blades that rotate within a fan case. The fan case serves as a protective covering to protect the turbine blades and the aircraft. Further the fan case channels airflow into the turbine engine. The inner surface of the fan case is constructed to withstand impacts from objects that may come into contact with the fan case. Further, the inner surface of the fan case includes acoustical features to reduce the noise emitted from the engine.
Restrictions on the amount of noise emitted from a turbine engine are becoming stricter. Accordingly, increased efforts are underway to further reduce the noise emitted from an aircraft engine. It is known to provide a fan case liner with a layer of noise attenuation structures and a face layer including a plurality of openings. The face layer is typically a thin sheet of metal or composite material that provides protection to the noise attenuation structure. Noise causing pressure disturbances emanate through the openings within the face layer into the noise attenuation structure where the pressure disturbances dissipate to reduce the total amount of noise.
The fan case liner includes joints between the several pieces of material used to form the inner surface. These joints typically are required to accommodated assembly of the noise attenuation structure and face layer onto the inside wall of the fan case as well as being able to handle loads generated by thermal expansion. The joint includes a seam within both the noise attenuation structure and the face layer. The seam is typically filled to minimize detrimental effects to airflow through the fan case. The filled in seam typically results in an acoustically dead area relative to the rest of the fan case liner. The acoustically dead area reduces the effectiveness of the fan liner such that noise emitted from the engine may exceed desired levels.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a joint and seam for a fan case liner that is acoustically active to improve noise attenuation properties of the fan case liner.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is a fan case liner assembly that includes an acoustically active joint to improve noise attenuation performance.
The liner assembly forms an inner surface of the fan case and includes noise attenuation features. The liner assembly includes a noise attenuation layer covered by a face sheet. The face sheet includes a first plurality of openings that provide communication to the noise attenuation layer. The noise attenuation layer includes a plurality of chambers that are in communication with at least one of the first plurality of openings.
The noise attenuation layer includes a first side joined to a second side at a seam by an adhesive strip. Conventional seams included adhesive that fill one or two rows of chambers on each side of the seam that can result in an undesirable acoustically dead zone. The seam of this invention utilizes the adhesive strip that bonds the first side to the second side without filling any of the adjacent chambers. The result is that the seam is essentially transparent acoustically.
The face sheet includes a first end attached to a second end at a joint. The joint accommodates expansion and contraction of the face sheet that occurs as a result of the extreme temperatures encountered during typical operation. The joint includes overlapping portions that form a structural connection of the face liner ends that is filled with an adhesive. Overlapping the first and second ends, along with filling of the seam with adhesive results in a strip of blocked openings. Blocking of the openings results in an acoustically dead area the size of the overlapped region that degrades acoustic performance of the liner assembly. A second plurality of openings is formed within the overlapped region to communicate with the noise attenuation layer disposed under the overlapped region. Formation of the second plurality of openings within the overlapped region provides an acoustically live joint that adds to the attenuation of noise from the engine.
The joint and seam for the face sheet and the noise attenuation layer provide acoustically superior performance relative to conventional joining techniques. The joint and seam are substantially transparent acoustically and improve noise attenuation performance.
These and other features of the present invention can be best understood from the following specification and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fan case and liner assembly.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a seam and joint of the liner assembly.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a section of the liner assembly.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1, a fan case 10 for a turbine engine includes a liner assembly 12, a liner strip 15 and a leading edge 14. The leading edge 14 guides airflow into and around the fan case 10. The liner strip 15 is provided between the liner assembly 12 and leading edge 14 and may also include noise attenuation features. The liner strip 15 can include other structures known by a worker versed in the art.
The liner assembly 12 forms an inner surface of the fan case 10 forward of a rub liner 13 and turbine blades 11. The liner assembly 12 includes a noise attenuation layer 16 covered by a face sheet 18. The face sheet 18 includes a first plurality of openings 20 that provide communication to the noise attenuation layer 16. The noise attenuation layer 16 includes a plurality of chambers 22 that each are in communication with at least one of the first plurality of openings 20. Acoustical energy generated by the engine enters the chambers 22 and is transformed into heat. Transforming the acoustical energy into heat dissipates and reduces noise emitted from the engine and fan case 10.
The noise attenuation layer 16 is joined at a seam 28, and the face sheet 18 is joined along an overlapping region 44. The seam 28 and overlapping region 44 are acoustically active to contribute to the overall noise attenuation performance of the liner assembly 12.
Referring to FIG. 2, the noise attenuation layer 16 includes a first side 24 and a second side 26. The first and second sides 24, 26 are joined at the seam 28 by an adhesive strip 30. The adhesive strip 30 preferably includes a narrow strip of scrim 31 supporting an adhesive. Although the example adhesive strip 30 includes scrim-supported adhesive, a worker with the benefit of this disclosure would understand that any type of adhesive strip is within the contemplation of this invention.
The example noise attenuation layer 16 is formed in a single sheet that is wrapped around the inside of the fan case 10 and joined at the seam 28. The seam 28 extends axially within the fan case 10. Conventional seams utilize adhesive that fills one or two rows of chambers 22 on each side of the seam 28. This results in an undesirable acoustically dead zone.
The first and second sides 24, 26 are substantially perpendicular to the inner surface of the face sheet 18 and are joined by the adhesive strip 30. The seam 28 provides a relatively thin joint between the sides 24, 26 of the noise attenuation layer 16. The seam 28 of this invention utilizes the adhesive strip 30 that bonds the first side to the second side 24, 26 without filling any of the adjacent chambers 22. The relatively thin seam 28 and the open chambers 22 adjacent the seam 28 provide acoustical transparency that improves noise attenuation performance of the liner assembly 12.
The face sheet 18 is a single sheet of a desired length of the liner assembly 12. The face sheet 18 includes a first end 32 attached to a second end 34 at a joint 36. The joint 36 accommodates expansion and contraction of the face sheet 18 that occurs as a result of the extreme temperatures encountered during typical operation. The joint 36 is preferably a shiplap joint, however other expansion joints known to a worker versed in the art are within the contemplation of this invention.
The joint 36 includes overlapping portions of the face sheet 18. The overlapping portions of the joint form a seam 40 that is filled with an adhesive 42. The joint 36 is covered with the adhesive 42 to fill the joint 36 and provide a continuous uninterrupted surface on the inner surface of the fan case 10. The uninterrupted surface eliminates any inconsistencies in airflow that may result from an exposed joint. Overlapping the first and second ends 32, 34 along with filling of the seam 40 with adhesive 42 results in the overlapping region 44 of blocked openings. The blocked openings prevent communication of sound energy with the noise attenuation layer. Blocking of the openings results in an acoustically dead area the size of the overlapping region 44 that degrades acoustic performance of the liner assembly 12.
A second plurality of openings 46 are formed within the overlapping region 44 to provide communication of sound energy through the joint 36 to the noise attenuation layer 16 underlying the overlapping region 44. Formation of the second plurality of openings 46 within the overlapping region 44 provides for communication of sound energy through the joint 36, resulting in an acoustically live joint 36 that adds to the attenuation of noise from the engine.
Referring to FIG. 3, an enlarged section of the liner assembly 12 is shown with the overlapping region 44 and the seam 28. Each of the second plurality of openings 46 has a larger area than the first plurality of openings 20. Further, the second plurality of openings 46 are spaced a greater distance apart relative to the first plurality of openings 20. The configuration provides the desired level of acoustic performance without weakening the joint 36. Utilizing larger and fewer openings within the overlapping region 44 maintain the desired strength of the joint 36, while continuing to provide communication of sound energy with the noise attenuation layer 16.
The overlapping region 44 and seam 28 are disposed axially within the fan case 10 and are offset a circumferential distance 50 from each other. The staggered or non-aligned relative position of the joint 36 relative to the seam 28 further improve the noise attenuating performance of the liner assembly 12.
The liner assembly 12 is assembled by the steps of first placing the noise attenuation layer 16 on a support surface within the fan case 10. The noise attenuation layer 16 is wrapped about the inner surface of the fan case 10 such that the first side 24 abuts the second side 26. The seam formed by the abutted sides 24, 26 is disposed axially within the fan case 10. Although, it is preferable to utilize a single sheet to form the noise attenuation layer 16, it is within the contemplation of this invention to utilize several sections of noise attenuation layer 16 joined together at sides within a plane perpendicular to the face sheet 18. The joint formed utilizing the adhesive strip 30 provides a substantially thin seam that is transparent acoustically to the function of the fan case 10.
Once the noise attenuation layer 16 is in place, the face sheet 18 is placed over the noise attenuation layer 16. The first and second ends 32, 34 are abutted to form the axial joint 36 of the face sheet 18. The joint 36 is then filled with the adhesive 42 to provide a substantially uninterrupted inner surface. The adhesive 42 is filled along adjacent sides of the joint 36 to form the axial overlapping region 44. The assembly process further includes formation of the second plurality of openings 46 within the overlapping region 44. The second plurality of openings 46 open the underlying noise attenuation layer 16 to communication with acoustic energy generated from the engine.
The joint 36 and seam 28 for the face sheet 18 and the noise attenuation layer 16 provide acoustically superior performance relative to conventional joining techniques. The joint 36 and seam 28 become essentially transparent acoustically that provides increased noise attenuation performance. Further, the joint 36 and seam 28 of this invention provide improved performance and ease assembly of the liner assembly. The improved noise attenuation performance reduces the magnitude of noise emitted from the fan case 10 to comply with desired levels.
Although a preferred embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.

## Claims

1. A liner assembly for a fan case comprising:
a noise attenuation layer; and
a face sheet over said noise attenuation layer, said face sheet including a first plurality of openings and a joint, wherein said joint comprises a first seam comprising overlapped sides of said face sheet and an adhesive disposed over said overlapping sides, said joint including a second plurality of openings extending through said adhesive and each of said overlapped sides of said face sheet for communicating sound energy through said joint to said noise attenuation layer.

2. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said noise attenuation layer includes a first side joined to a second side by an adhesive strip forming a second seam.

3. The assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein said second seam is disposed along a plane perpendicular to said face sheet.

4. The assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein said adhesive strip comprises narrow strips of scrim-supported adhesive.

5. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said overlapped sides of said face sheet comprises a lap joint.

6. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said second plurality of openings are larger than said first plurality of openings.

7. The assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein said joint and said second seam are disposed axially along the fan case.

8. The assembly as recited in claim 7, wherein said joint and said second seam are spaced a circumferential distance apart.

9. The assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said noise attenuation layer comprises a plurality of segments.

10. A liner assembly for a fan case comprising:
a noise attenuation layer joined along a seam; and
a face sheet covering said noise attenuation layer and including a first plurality of openings for communicating sound energy to said noise attenuation layer, wherein said noise attenuation layer comprises a first side joined to a second side by an adhesive strip to form a seam that s transverse to said face sheet covering said noise attenuation layer.

11. The assembly as recited in claim 10, wherein said noise attenuation layer comprises a plurality of individual chambers, each of said individual chambers in communication with at least one of said plurality of openings within said face sheet.

12. The assembly as recited in claim 11, wherein said plurality of chambers comprises individual chambers along said seam, said individual chambers along said seam are empty and in communication with at least one of said plurality of openings within said face sheet.

13. The assembly as recited in claim 10, wherein said adhesive strip comprises strips of scrim supported adhesive.

14. The assembly as recited in claim 10, wherein said face sheet comprises a sheet of material overlapping along first and second sides.

15. The assembly as recited in claim 14, including an adhesive material disposed over said overlapping first and second sides with a second plurality of openings extending through said adhesive material and said overlapping first and second sides to communicate sound energy through said overlapping first and second sides to said noise attenuation layer.