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The U.S. International Trade Commission is an independent, nonpartisan, 

quasi-judicial federal agency that provides trade expertise to both the legislative 

and executive branches of government, determines the impact of imports on U.S. 

industries, and directs actions against certain unfair trade practices, such as 

patent, trademark, and copyright infringement. ITC analysts and economists 

investigate and publish reports on U.S. industries and the global trends that 

affect them. The agency also maintains the National Library of International 

Trade, a specialized library open to the public. 

Address all communications to: 

United States International Trade Commission 

500 E Street SW 

Washington, DC 20436 

USITC Publication 2979 
CONTENTS 

Message from the Chairman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

The Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

The Commissioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

Part I. Highlights .......................... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Investigations Under Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 . . . . . . . . 13 

Investigations Under Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 . . . . . 14 

Investigations U oder the Trade Act of 197 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 

Investigations Under Section 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930 . . . . . 15 

Studies Analyzing Various Aspects of U.S. Trade 

Agreements and Other Special Trade Programs . . . . . . . 15 

Studies on Special Areas of Congressional or 

USTR Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 

Studies Analyzing the Competitiveness of U.S. Industry . . . . 16 

Studies Conducted on a Recurring Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

Annual Report On The U.S. Trade Agreements Program . . . . . . . 17 

Part II. Organizational Activities ......................... . 

Office of Operations ................................... . 

Office oflnvestigations ............................. . 

Office of Industries ................................ . 

19 

19 

19 

19 

Office of Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

Office of Tariff Affairs and Trade Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 

Office of Unfair Import Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

Trade Remedy Assistance Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Office oflnformation Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

Library Services .................................. . 

Office of Administration ................................ . 

Office of Finance and Budget ........................ . 

Office of Management Services ...................... . 

Office of Personnel ................................ . 

Office of Equal Employment Opportunity .................. . 

Office of the Administrative Law Judges ................... . 

Office of Congressional Liaison .......................... . 

Office of Inspector General ............................. . 

Office of the Secretary ................................. . 

Office of Executive and International Liaison ............... . 

Office of the General Counsel ........................... . 

Office of Public Affairs ... , .. '; ......................... . ; 

24 

24 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

26 

26 

26 

27 

28 

29 

Part Ill. Management and Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 

Figures 

1. ITC Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

2. Summary of Principal Activities, Fiscal Year 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 

3. Statutory Timetables for Antidumping and Countervailing 

Duty Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 

Appendixes 

A. Summary of Investigations Completed During Fiscal Year 1995 

and Pending on September 30, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 

B. Reports Completed During Fiscal Year 1995 and Pending 

on September 30, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 

C. Statutes Involving the U.S. International Trade Commission . . . . 67 

D. Reports Submitted to Congress on Proposed Legislation, 

Fiscal Year 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 

E. Litigation in Fiscal Year 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 

3 

MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN 

Fiscal Year 1995 was a year of challenge and change at the U.S. International Trade 

Commission (ITC). Throughout the government, agencies were expected to fulfill their mandates with 

fewer resources at hand, and the ITC was no exception. Nonetheless, the agency continued its tradition of 

excellence in providing counsel, technical assistance, and analyses on international trade matters to the 

Congress and the President throughout FY 1995. 

The likelihood of further budget reductions in FY 1996 and 1997 required the Commission to carefully 

re-assess its mission and operations and begin contingency planning. Although we found innovative ways to 

cut spending, circumstances forced us to prepare for the possibility of more drastic actions, including furloughs 

and a reduction in force, in FY 1996. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the Commission's 

hardworking staff who exhibited great dedication, professionalism, and patience in the face of unusual fiscal 

uncertainty during the year. 

The past year saw the inception of new investigative duties as a result of the General Agreement on Tariffs and 

Trade (GATT) Uruguay Round. Furthermore, the Commission published its first-ever report on global competitiveness in the area of environmental technology, an area of growing importance in world markets. I would 

especially like to thank the Commission's staff for their hard work on a number of excellent section 332 reports. 

The Commission continued to carry a steady caseload during the year, completing a total of 131 investigations 

overall. Though the number of title VII (antidumping and countervailing duty) cases filed during FY 1995 was 

lower than in recent years, the Commission saw an increase in highly technical section 337 investigations. In 

addition, the Commission instituted one escape clause (section 201) investigation involving fresh winter tomatoes. 

In its efforts to do more with less, the ITC enlisted the aid of new technologies. Specifically, the 

Commission enhanced the public's ability to follow Commission investigations and obtain ITC reports by 

establishing an ITC homepage on the World Wide Web. The approval of an imaging system promises to ease 

maintenance and research of Commission records as well. The Commission believes that these and other 

improvements will enable the agency to maintain solid service to its customers regardless of funding. 

FY 1995 was a busy and productive year at the ITC; and as it ended, ITC staff and Commissioners 

remained dedicated to fulfilling the agency's important and unique mission and to maintaining the high 

standard of excellence that has long characterized our work. 

~w~ Peter S. Watson 

Chairman 

~~\ONRL l.e 

~ ~-~ 6 ~ 3 ~ ;:s 

Q ~ 

~t\'11 * 't\o" 

THE COMMISSION 

The ITC is an independent, 

nonpartisan, quasi-judicial federal 

agency established by Congress with a 

wide range of trade-related mandates. 

Under its factfinding authority, the ITC 

exercises broad investigative powers on 

matters of trade. In its adjudicative 

role, the ITC makes determinations 

with respect to unfair trade practices. 

As the government's think tank on 

international trade, the ITC is a 

national resource where trade data are 

gathered and analyzed. Information 

and analysis are provided to the 

President and the Congress to assist 

them in developing U.S. trade policy. 

ITC activities include -

• determining whether U.S. 

industries are materially injured by 

reason of imports that benefit from 

pricing at less than fair value or 

from subsidization; 

• directing actions, subject to 

Presidential disapproval, against 

unfair trade practices such as 

patent infringement; 

• making recommendations to the 

President regarding relief for 

industries seriously injured by 

increasing imports; 

• providing objective analyses of 

other major trade issues, including 

estimating the probable economic 

effects oftrade agreements; 

• analyzing the competitiveness of 

specific industries, seeking to 

identify economic factors within 

the industry as well as external 

factors that affect the industry's 

competitiveness; 

• participating in the development of 

uniform statistical data on imports, 

exports, and domestic production 

and in the establishment of an 

international harmonized 

commodity code; and 

• advising the President whether 

agricultural imports from 

non-WTO countries interfere with 

price-support programs of the U.S. 

Department of Agriculture. 

The six Commissioners are 

appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for terms of nine 

years, unless appointed to fill an 

unexpired term. The terms are set by 

statute and are staggered so that a 

different term expires every 18 months. 

A Commissioner who has served for 

more than five years is ineligible for 

reappointment. No more than three 

Commissioners may be members of the 

same political party. The Chairman 

and the Vice Chairman are designated 

by the President and serve for a statutory two-year term. The Chairman 

may not be of the same political party 

as the preceding Chairman, nor may 

the President designate two Commissioners of the same political party as 

the Chairman and Vice Chairman. 

Summary of Investigations Completed, Fiscal Year 1995 

Tariff Act of 1930: 

Section 332-general factfinding investigations ........... ~. 12 

Section 337-investigations of alleged unfair practices 

in the import and sale of imported products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

Antidumping and countervailing duty investigations 

(67 antidumping investigations-19 preliminary and 48 final; 

7 countervailing duty investigations-2 preliminary 

and 5 final) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 

Section 753-review investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Trade Act of 1974: 

Section 201-escape clause investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988: 

Section 1205-modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule 2 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 

Investigations completed during fiscal year 1995 and investigations pending on September 30, 1995, are shown in appendix A. 

7 
THE COMMISSIONERS 

Peter S. Watson 

Chairman 

Janet A. Nuzum 

Vice Chairman 

David B. Rohr 

8 '( 

Peter S. Watson, a Republican of California, was designated Chairman of the ITC by President Clinton 

for the term June 17, 1994, through June 16, 1996, after serving as the ITC's Vice Chairman for the term 

June 17, 1992, through June 16, 1994. Mr. Watson was nominated to the Commission by President Bush on 

October 23, 1991, for the term December 17, 1991, through December 16, 2000. Prior to his appointment to 

the ITC, Mr. Watson served in the White House as Director of Asian Affairs at the National Security Council 

from 1989 to 1991. During 1976 and from 1978 through 1988, Mr. Watson practiced international and 

business law in Los Angeles and Washington, DC, He has been an adjunct Associate Professor in International Trade & Investment Law and International Business Law. From 1985 through.1986, Mr. Watson served as 

Chairman of the Los Angeles County Bar Association's International Law Section and, from 1986 through 

1987, was Chairman of the State Bar of California's International Practice Committee. 

Janet A. Nuzum, a Democrat of Virginia, was designated Vice Chairman of the ITC by President Clinton 

forthe term June 17, 1994, through June 16, 1996. She became a member of the Commission on November 26, 

1991, to fill an unexpired term ending June 16, 1996. Prior to this appointment, Ms. Nuzum was a member of 

the professional staff of the Committee on Ways and Means' Subcommittee on Trade in the U.S. House of 

Representatives. Ms. Nuzum is a member of the bar of the District of Columbia and has served in various 

capacities in the D.C. Bar Association and the American Bar Association. She was named "Outstanding 

Woman in International Trade, 1994-1995" by ~he Association of Women in International Trade. Ms. Nuzum 

received her B.A. from Smith College and her J.D. from the Georgetown University Law Center. 

David B. Rohr, a Democrat of Maryland, became a member of the Commission on March 27, 1984, 

was subsequently reappointed to a term ending December 16, 1994, and continues to serve in office by 

operation of law. He is the senior Commissioner in terms of length of service. Before his appointment to 

the ITC, Mr. Rohr was staff director of the Committee on Ways and Means' Subcommittee on Trade in the 

U.S. House of Representatives. He was a trade advisor and the principal liaison with the ITC, the Office of 

the United States Trade Representative, and other federal agencies. Mr. Rohr also served as Director of the 

Trade Negotiations and Agreements Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce. He joined the 

Department of Commerce in 1961 as an international economist. Mr. Rohr is a graduate of Colorado State 

University, where he received a bachelor's degree in business administration and a master's degree in 

economics. 
Don E. Newquist 

Carol T. Crawford 

Lynn M. Bragg 

Don E. Newquist, a Democrat of Texas, was appointed to the ITC to fill an unexpired term on October 18, 

1988, and reappointed to a nine-year term ending December 16, 1997. Mr. Newquist served a two-and-onehalfyear term as Chairman of the ITC. He was first designated Chairman by President Bush on December 13, 

1991, and was redesignated Chairman on June 16, 1992, for the term ending June 16, 1994. Before his 

appointment to the Commission, Mr. Newquist was with Valero Energy Corporation as Senior Vice President 

for Corporate Relations. He also served as general manager of the Chamber of Commerce of Denver, CO, and 

before that was with the Chamber of Commerce of Corpus Christi, TX. He is a past president of the South 

Texas Chamber of Commerce. 

Carol T. Crawford, a Republican of Virginia, was appointed by President Bush and sworn in as a member 

of the Commission on November 22; 1991, for the term ending June 16, 1999. Prior to her appointment, Ms. 

Crawford was Assistant Attorney General (Legislative Affairs) in the U.S. Department of Justice. From 1985 to 

1989, she served as Associate Director of the Office of Management and Budget where she was responsible for 

budget and policy oversight for five cabinet level departments and related agencies. She served at the Federal 

Trade Commission as Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection from 1983 to 1985 and as Executive 

Assistant to the Chairman from 1981 to 1983. Previously, she practiced law in Washington, D.C., was Senior 

Legislative Assistant to Senator Bob Packwood (R-OR), and was on the legislative staff of Rep. Robert Denney 

(R-NE). Ms. Crawford holds a B.A. from Mt. Holyoke College and a J.D., magna cum laude, from the 

Washington College of Law, American University. 

Lynn Munroe Bragg, a Republican of Maryland, was appointed by President Clinton and was sworn in as a 

member of the Commission on March 31, 1994, for the term ending June 16, 2002. Prior to her appointment to 

the ITC, Ms. Bragg served in a senior management position with the Edison Electric Institute as a director of 

government affairs. From 1981 to 1991, Ms. Bragg served on the staff of Senator Malcolm Wallop (R-WY) as 

a Legislative Assistant and the Legislative Director. Previously, she held several positions in the corporate 

affairs department of the Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) in Washington, DC. She holds a B.A. 

degree with Final Honors from Mary Washington College and a M.S. degreefrom Boston University. 

9 

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I31 MOI

PART I. HIGHLIGHTS 

INVESTIGATIONS 

UNDER TITLE VII OF 

THE TARIFF ACT OF 1930 

Under title VII of the Tariff Act of 

1930, U.S. industries may petition the 

government for relief from imports that 

are sold in the United States at less 

than fair value ("dumped") or which 

benefit from subsidies provided 

through foreign government programs. 

Under the law, the U.S. Department of Commerce determines whether 

the dumping or subsidization exists 

and, if so, the margin of dumping or 

amount of the subsidy. The ITC 

determines whether the dumped or 

subsidized imports materially injure or 

threaten to materially injure the U.S. 

industry. A more detailed explanation 

of antidumping/countervailing duty 

laws is included in appendix C. 

The majority of the 20 title VII 

petitions filed with the Commission 

during FY 1995 concerned allegations 

of dumping (18 of the 20). The 

petitions covered a variety of products, 

including honey, drawer slides, manganese metal, manganese sulfate, poly-

·( 

vinyl alcohol, light-walled rectangular 

carbon steel pipe, bicycles, standard 

carbon steel pipe, pasta, large printing 

presses, PVC/polystyrene framing 

stock, and clad steel plate. 

The Commission also finished 

work on a number of cases that had 

been filed during FY 1994. These 

included paper clips, pencils, silicomanganese, saccharin, coumarin, 

stainless steel bar, fresh garlic, freshcut roses, carbon steel butt-weld pipe 

fittings, magnesium, stainless steel 

angle, disposable lighters, ferrovanadium, furfuryl alcohol, canned 

pineapple, carbon steel seamless pipes, 

oil country tubular goods, glycine, 

carbon steel pipe nipples, and wheel 

inserts. See appendix A for a complete list of investigations and accompanying details. 

In addition, as a result of changes 

in U.S. law required by the URA, the 

ITC conducted 32 investigations under 

section 753 of the Tariff Act of 1930 

during FY 1995. This section provides 

that, in the case of a countervailing 

duty order with respect to which an 

affirmative determination of material 

injury by the Commission was not · 

13 
14 

required at the time the order was issued, interested parties may request 

that the Commission initiate an investigation to determine whether an industry in the United States is likely to 

be materially injured by reason of imports of the subject merchandise if the 

order is revoked. Such requests have 

to be filed with the Commission within 

six months of the date on which the 

country from which the subject merchandise originates becomes a signatory to the Agreement on Subsidies and 

Countervailing Measures. The Commission did not receive requests for the 

32 investigations listed in appendix A 

and, accordingly, made negative determinations in each. 

INVESTIGATIONS 

UNDER SECTION 337 OF 

THE TARIFF ACT OF 1930 

Under section 337 of the Tariff 

Act of 1930, the ITC conducts investigations into certain alleged unfair 

practices in import trade. Most complaints filed under this provision 

involved allegations of patent infringement, trademark infringement, or 

misappropriation of trade secrets. 

A more detailed explanation of section 337 is included in appendix C. 

In FY 1995, as in previous years, 

the ITC's section 337 caseload was 

highlighted by investigations involving 

complex technologies, particularly in 

the computer and chemical areas. 

Significant among these were computer-related investigations concerning 

semiconductor devices, computer hard 

disk drives, electrical connectors for 

memory modules, microprocessors, 

connecting devices for local area 

networks, and facsimile machines. In 

addition, several investigations involved other sophisticated technology, 

including pharmaceuticals (a widely 

used cardiovascular medication, 

recombinantly produced human growth 

hormones, and antibiotics for poultry), 

rare earth magnets used in electronic 

products, polymer chemistry, adhesives 

for repositionable notes, and rechargeable batteries. 

During FY 1995, four of the 

pending investigations in the above 

technology areas involved allegations 

that complainants' patented processes 

were being employed abroad, without 

authorization, to produce products that 

respondents imported into the United 

States. Two section 337 investigations 

involved aJJegations of infringement of 

complainant's common law and 

registered trademarks. Additional 

patent-based section 337 investigations 

focused on products, such as automobile disc brake lathes, audible alarm 

devices for divers, wind turbines for 

generating electricity, and footwear. 
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16 

Effects of the Arab League Boycott 

of Israel on U.S. Businesses 

(332-349) 

On November 3, 1993, the USTR 

requested that the ITC investigate the 

economic cost to U.S. businesses 

arising from the Arab League boycott 

of Israel. The costs, defined in the 

USTR request as reduced U.S. exports 

and reduced U.S. profits, included lost 

sales and business opportunities in 

Arab League countries and/or Israel 

arising from being blacklisted or from 

seeking to avoid such blacklisting; 

increased costs of sourcing and transportation resulting from the boycott as 

well as compliance costs, including 

legal costs and direct and indirect costs 

associated with compliance with 

antiboycott laws; and distorted or 

foregone investments in either the Arab 

or Israeli markets resulting from the 

boycott as well as investment diverted 

from or denied to blacklisted U.S. 

businesses due to association with 

Israel. The ITC assessed the scope of 

the boycott, the degree of enforcement 

on a country-by-country basis, and the 

degree of compliance with the boycott 

by U.S. businesses. The study was the 

first to estimate the economic effects of 

the boycott on the United States; most 

previous analyses have focused on the 

effect of the boycott on Israel and the 

boycotting nations. The ITC report, 

submitted to the USTR in November 

1994, found that for the period 

studied (January 1, 1992, through 

December 31, 1993), the Arab League 

boycott oflsrael annually cost U.S. 

businesses at least $410 million in 

lost export sales to the Middle East 

and that U.S. businesses spent another 

$160 million annually to comply with 

U.S. antiboycott laws. 

Studies Analyzing the Competitiveness of U.S. Industry 

Global Competitiveness of U.S. Environmental Technology Industries: 

Municipal and Industrial Water and 

Wastewater (332-347) 

On October 14, 1993, the Senate 

Committee on Finance requested that 

the ITC undertake a two-part investigation on the global competitiveness of 

U.S. environmental technology 

industries. The first report, completed 

in FY 1995, dealt with goods and 

services for municipal and industrial 

water supply and for municipal and 

industrial wastewater treatment and 

disposal. The second study, due in 

FY 1996, will deal with air pollution 

prevention and abatement equipment 

and services. The Committee requested that the ITC examine factors 

relevant to the global competitiveness 

of the environmental technology 

industry, including government policies 

such as export promotion and market 

development, environmental regulation, technology transfer, technical 

development assistance, economic 
development or other financial assistance, and intellectual property protection. The Committee also requested 

that the ITC review the export promotion/technical assistance policies of the 

United States' top competitors in the 

environmental technology field, including Japan and Germany. The first ITC 

report, submitted to the Committee in 

March 1995, found that an excess of 

firms and a saturated domestic market 

are causing U.S. industries that supply 

goods and services to municipal and 

industrial water and wastewater treatment facilities to consider exports as a 

source of revenues. The ITC also 

found that U.S. manufacturers face 

challenges both within the United 

States and in third country markets 

from foreign competitors, mostly British and French companies that have 

gained a competitive edge in services 

worldwide due in part to the extensive 

privatization of their domestic water 

and wastewater services. 

Lamb Meat: Competitive 

Conditions Affecting the U.S. and 

Foreign Lamb Industries (332-357) 

On October 12, 1994, the USTR 

requested that the ITC investigate the 

competitive conditions affecting the 

U.S. lamb industry and provide U.S. 

and foreign industry profiles; information concerning whether there is 

government assistance to the industries 

in Australia and New Zealand, without 

regard to whether that assistance may 

constitute a subsidy under U.S. countervailing duty law; information 

concerning U.S. and foreign markets, 

U.S. imports and exports, and U.S. 

market penetration; price comparisons 

of domestic and imported lamb meat; 

and any other information relating to 

competitive factors that affect the U.S. 

lamb industry. The ITC report, 

submitted to the USTR in August 1995, 

found that lamb meat imports as a 

share of U.S. lamb meat consumption 

rose from 7 percent in 1990 to 12 

percent in 1994, with virtually all U.S. 

lamb meat imports coming from 

Australia and New Zealand. 

Studies Conducted on a 

Recurring Basis 

U.S. Trade Shifts in Selected 

Industries, Merchandise: 1994 

Annual Report 

(332-345) 

On August 27, 1993, the Commission instituted on its own motion an 

annual investigation to review U.S. 

trade performance, focusing on 

changes in U.S. imports, exports, and 

trade balances of key agricultural and 

manufactured products and on changes 

in U.S. bilateral trade with major 

trading partners. The current report 

also profiles the U.S. industry and 

market for nearly 300 industry and 

commodity groups, providing data for 

1990-94 on domestic consumption, 

production, employment, trade, and 

import penetration. The report summarizes U.S. merchandise trade performance and includes rankings of the 

industry and commodity groups that 

experienced the most significant shifts 

in trade during the past year. The ITC 

has published such reports on a 

quarterly, semiannual, or annual basis 

since 1981 ; the annual report containing data for the years 1990-94 was 

published in October 1995. 

ANNUAL REPORT ON 

THE U.S. TRADE AGREEMENTS PROGRAM 

The Year in Trade 1994 

Section 163(b) of the Trade Act of 

1974 requires the ITC to submit to the 

Congress an annual report on the 

operations of the trade agreements 

program. The report, now known as 

The Year in Trade, provides the 

Congress with factual information on 

trade policy and its administration. It 

also serves as an historical record of 

the major trade-related activities of the 

United States for use as a general 

reference by government officials and 

others with an interest in U.S. trade 

relations. 

The Year in Trade 1994, published 

in August 1995, provides a practical 

guide to recent changes in U.S. 

international trade laws resulting from 

the implementation of the Uruguay 

Round Agreements, a progress report 

on the formal establishment of the 

World Trade Organization, and a 

review of continuing negotiations in 

services and other areas. The report 

also examines three important regional 

trade developments - the North 

American Free Trade Agreement's first 

year of operation, the meeting of 

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 

leaders, and the Summit of the Americas. The publication includes complete 

listings of antidumping, countervailing 

duty, intellectual property rights 

infringement, and section 301 cases 

undertaken by the U.S. government in 

1994. An index geared to trade 

specialists cross-references the report 

by country and commodity. 

17 

SU

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Industries analysts in the course of 

their research. 

During FY 1995, the Office of 

Industries conducted 25 investigations 

under section 332, including both 

one-time factfinding studies and 

continuing industry surveys. The 

office also completed recurring studies 

and monitoring reports requested by 

the President, Congress, and the 

Commission. These reports covered 

synthetic organic chemicals, nonrubber 

footwear, automobiles, ethyl alcohol, 

steel, tomatoes, peppers, the U.S. 

services commitments under the GATT, 

the multifiber arrangement, and 

production sharing under chapter 98 of 

the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. The 

office also published its annual analysis 

of significant trade shifts in selected 

commodity areas. 

Since the 1920s, the ITC periodically has issued a series of detailed 

reports on thousands of products 

imported into and exported from the 

United States. Each report, known 

today as an Industry and Trade Sum~ 

mary, addresses one or more industry 

sectors and contains information on 

product uses, customs treatment, and 

trends affecting consumption, production, and trade of the commodities or 

services covered. The Office of 

Industries launched its most recent 

series of summaries in FY 1991; during 

FY 1995, 27 summaries were published, bringing the total number of 

summaries published in this series to 

105. 

Office of Economics 

The Office of Economics provides 

expert economic analysis for ITC 

investigations and reports. The office 

consists of three divisions. 

Research Division economists 

provide the theoretical and technical 

expertise utilized in the quantitative 

analysis of trade and economic issues. 

Division economists use state-of-theart analytical tools to provide modeling 

and other support for ITC investigations, USTR requests for technical 

assistance and analysis, and Congressional inquiries. In addition, they 

review ITC section 332 studies to 

ensure that the studies are based on 

generally accepted economic principles. Research Division economists 

also monitor relevant technical developments in the field of economics, 

actively participate in professional 

society meetings, and publish regularly 

in scholarly publications. 

The Research Division develops 

and maintains the computable general 

equilibrium (CGE) models that enable 

agency staff to estimate the effects of 

changing any specific trade restraint or 
set of multiple restraints simultaneously. These CGE models include a 

491-sector U.S. model and global/ 

regional models that are used in a 

broa~ range of analyses. 

The division rendered technical 

assistance to the USTR throughout 

FY 1995, providing critical reviews of 

global trade models, trade flow data, 

and general model results. Division 

economists also assisted the Council of 

Economic Advisors in quantifying 

non-tariff barriers and provided a 

three-day workshop for a delegation of 

Russian economists as part of a 

program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Commerce that offered 

technical assistance to countries of the 

former Soviet Union. A Research 

Division economist was sent to Moscow and a Trade Reports Division 

economist and an Applied Economics 

Division economist were sent to Kiev 

for special training missions as part of 

that program. Finally, Research 

Division economists published working 

papers on trade and labor standards and 

on trade and the environment, as well 

as coauthoring with the Trade Reports 

Division a working paper on China. In 

addition, the division sponsors a 

popular seminar series that is open to 

the public. During FY 1995; the series 

included 28 seminars on trade policy 

issues. 

Economists in the Trade Reports 

Division contribute country-specific 

,.. 

economic expertise to ITC investigations and maintain up-to-date data concerning global economic, investment, 

and trade developments by region. The 

division complements and works closely with the ITC Office of Industries to 

provide U.S. trade policymakers with 

information about specific industries 

and countries. 

Trade Reports Division economists 

prepare recurring reports, briefing 

materials, and background information 

on monitored countries. They also 

monitor and report a broad array of 

data and information on regional 

organizations and global trade initiatives. These economists provide 

substantial technical assistance and 

information on current policy questions 

to members of Congress, other government agencies, the news media, and the 

public; additionally, they frequently 

participate in ITC meetings and 

seminars with foreign visitors as well 

as in interagency meetings, conferences, and seminars on bilateral, 

regional, and multilateral trade topics. 

During FY 1995, the Trade 

Reports Division completed two 

section 332 factfinding investigations 

as well as a number of regular trademonitoring reports, including an annual 

review of multilateral, regional, and 

bilateral trade developments entitled 

The Year in Trade. The division also 

produces the International Economic 

Review (/ER), a monthly journal 

analyzing economic and trade policy 

developments. In February 1995, the 

division published its first annual !ER 

Index, cataloging articles on major 

multilateral, regional, and country 

developments over the past four years. 

The Applied Economics Division 

primarily is responsible for providing 

technical economic expertise in the 

ITC's antidumping and countervailing 

duty investigations as well as in escape 

clause, market disruption, and section 22 investigations. Division 

economists serve on investigative 

teams, where they analyze pricing, 

demand, supply, and other marketrelated information for the staff report 

to the Commission. They also model 

the economic impact of unfairly priced 

imports on the U.S. industry producing 

competing articles. 

During FY 1995, Applied Economics Division economists participated in all antidumping, countervailing duty, market disruption, and section 22 investigations. In addition, 

they made substantial contributions to 

several section 332 investigations, 

assisting in economic modeling and 

providing general economic analysis. 

Office of Tariff Affairs and 

Trade Agreements 

The Office of Tariff Affairs and 

Trade Agreements (TATA) carries out 

the ITC's responsibilities with respect 

to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of 

the United States (HTS) and the 

international Harmonized System (HS). 

The HTS provides the applicable tariff 

rates and statistical categories for all 

merchandise imported into the United 

States; it is based on the HS, the global 

classification system that governs most 

world trade in goods. 

TATA updates and publishes the 

HTS annually. In December 1994, the 

office published the 1995 edition of the 

HTS, with changes scheduled to be 

effective on January l, 1995. A 

supplement was issued in June 1995. 

The lawyers, analysts, and economists who comprise the TATA staff 

also provide expert HTS-related 

information upon request to the 

business community and the public. 

The office maintains an electronic data 

base that tracks the history of all 

changes (legal and statistical) to the 

HTS since its inception. 

TATA staff members also work 

with the Office of Industries to prepare 

bill reports requested by Congress 

(these reports investigate the economic 

effects of proposed tariff reductions 

and duty suspensions for specific 

products; see appendix D). The office 

also provides technical advice and 

assistance to the USTR on bilateral and 

multilateral trade programs, participating in Trade Policy Staff Committee 

21 
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Administrative Law Judges. The Chief 

Judge assigns the investigation to one 

of the judges, who directs the litigation, which includes scheduling and 

holding a hearing. The judge considers 

the evidentiary record and the arguments of the parties and makes an 

initial determination, including findings of fact and conclusions of law. 

Temporary relief may be granted in 

certain cases. (A more detailed description of section 337 is included in 

appendix C.) 

The judge's initial determination is 

subject to review and modification by 

the Commission. If the Commission 

does not modify the initial determination, it becomes the Commission's final 

determination. If the Commission 

determines that there is a violation of 

section 337, it may issue remedial 

orders. Those orders are effective 

when issued and become final 60 days 

after issuance unless disapproved for 

policy reasons by the President within 

that 60-day period. 

During FY 1995, the Office of 

the Administrative Law Judges held 

five evidentiary hearings in section 337 

cases under the Administrative 

Procedure Act. (See Highlights 

section of this report for details on 

key section 337 investigations during 

FY 1995 and appendix A for a complete list of investigations.) 

26 

OFFICE OF 

CONGRESSIONAL 

LIAISON 

The Office of Congressional 

Liaison is the primary point of contact 

between the ITC and Congress. The 

office works with congressional staff to 

clarify congressional intent in section 332 investigation requests, 

responds to inquiries from Members of 

Congress, and keeps the Commission 

apprised of legislative initiatives that 

would affect ITC operations. The office 

also provides technical assistance to 

Members of Congress and their staff on 

various trade-related matters. 

During FY 1995, the ITC received 

111 letters from Members of Congress 

and submitted three miscellaneous 

tariff bill reports to the Senate Committee on Finance. The Commission's bill 

reports provide statistical, technical 

industry analysis for use by the House 

Committee on Ways and Means and 

the Senate Committee on Finance 

during consideration of tariff-related 

legislation. 

Chairman Peter S. Watson testified 

on February 27, 1995, before the House 

Committee on Ways and Means' Subcommittee on Trade and on August 1, 

1995, before the Senate Committee on 

Finance's Subcommittee on International Trade regarding the ITC's 

.,, 

FY 1996 authorization. He also 

testified on April 5, 1995, before the 

House Committee on Appropriations' 

Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, 

State, and the Judiciary regarding the 

ITC's FY 1996 appropriation. 

OFFICE OF 

INSPECTOR GENERAL 

The Inspector General conducts all 

audits and investigations related to ITC 

programs and operations and recommends and comments on proposed 

legislation, regulations, and procedures that affect the agency's efficiency 

and effectiveness. The accomplishments of the Inspector General are 

detailed in semiannual reports submitted to Congress in May and 

November. The Office of Inspector 

General reviews all proposed ITC 

directives and regulations as a means 

of preventing or detecting fraud, waste, 

or abuse. As required by the Inspector 

General Act, the office also has a 

process for commenting on existing 

and proposed legislation and regulations relating to programs and operations of the ITC. 

During FY 1995, the Inspector 

General conducted an audit of the ITC 

financial statements for FY 1994 and 

FY 1993. Inspections included 

compliance with the Federal Managers' 

Integrity Act of 1982; travel expenses; 

imprest fund cash accounts; lobbying 

activities; property inventories; 

HIV I AIDS education; use of printing 

and mailing forms; and selected 

telephone policies and use. 

The Inspector General is an active 

member of the Executive Council on 

Integrity and Efficiency. 

OFFICE OF THE 

SECRETARY 

The Office of the Secretary 

compiles and maintains the ITC's 

official records, including petitions, 

briefs, and other legal documents. In 

FY 1995, a total of 8,617 documents 

were filed with the office. 

Under the direction of the Secretary, the office issues ITC notices, 

reports, and orders, and it schedules 

and participates in all Commission 

meetings (33 in FY 1995) and hearings 

(19 days of hearings in FY 1995). The 

office makes determinations on 

requests for confidential treatment of 

information, requests for information to 

be released under protective order, and 

requests under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). The following 

table shows the number of these 

requests in FY 1994 and FY 1995: 
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safeguard investigations, including 

amendments to reflect changes required by the Uruguay Round 

Agreements Act. 

General Counsel attorneys serve as 

members of investigative teams assigned to antidumping and countervailing 

duty investigations and investigations 

under other statutory authorities; they 

prepare legal issues memoranda and 

assist the Commission in the drafting 

of opinions in the course of these 

investigations. During FY 1995, attorneys in the office prepared numerous 

memoranda and other documents 

describing changes in the laws administered by the ITC as a result of 

passage of the Uruguay Round 

Agreements Act. 

When requested, the office 

provides technical assistance to the 

Congress and the executive branch on 

tariff and trade matters. During 

FY 1995, the office was called 

upon to provide technical assistance 

and support to the USTR in connection 

with notification of WTO committees 

of U.S. legislation that implements 

U.S. obligations under the new 

WTO agreements and to review the 

antidumping, countervailing duty, and 

safeguard laws of other countries for 

consistency with WTO requirements. 

Office attorneys also provided technical assistance to USTR staff in connection with consultations under the GATT 

Antidumping and Subsidies Codes 

relating to ITC antidumping and 

countervailing duty determinations. 

OFFICE OF PUBLIC 

AFFAIRS 

The Office of Public Affairs is the 

ITC's primary liaison with the public 

and the news media. The office 

develops and implements information 

programs to educate a variety of 

audiences about the ITC, its mission, 

and its role in U.S. international trade 

matters. 

Through its Director, the office 

serves as spokesperson for the ITC. It 

maintains an active relationship with 

the national and international news 

media, responding to inquiries, issuing 

news releases concerning Commission 

determinations, publicizing ITC studies 

and publications, and arranging 

interviews with Commissioners and 

staff experts. The office prepares and 

disseminates brochures, pamphlets, and 

other materials to enhance public 

understanding of the ITC. It also 

advises the Commission and agency 

staff on public affairs issues and 

practices. 

Public Affairs also directs the ITC 

visitors program. During FY 1995, the 

office arranged ITC visits for 201 

individuals from 59 countries, including government officials, journalists, 

businessmen, economists, bankers, 

attorneys, professors, and students. 

.,, 29 

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FIGURE 1 

ITC ORGANIZATION 

Chairman 

COMMISSION 

Office of the 

Administrative 

Law Judges 

r 

I I 

Office of 

Congressional 

Liaison 

Office of the 

Secretary 

Operations 

Office of the 

Director 

l 

-i 

I 

Office of 

Public Affairs 

I 

Office of 

Economics 

Office of 

Industries 

Office of 

Investigations 

Office of 

Information 

Services 

32 

r 

Office of 

Tariff Affairs 

and Trade 

Agreements 

Trade Remedy 

Assistance 

Office 

·;' 

Office of 

Unfair Import 

Investigations 

Office of 

Executive and 

International 

Liaison 

I 

Office of the 

General 

Counsel 

Office of 

Inspector 

General 

Office of 

Equal 

Employment 

Opportunity 

Administration 

Office of 

the Director 

--------- D~~r~~~:nt -----------~ 

r 

Office of 

Finance 

and Budget 

I 

Office of 

Management 

Services 

I 

Office of 

Personnel 
FIGURE2 

SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES, 

FISCAL YEAR 1995 

The chart below shows the percentage of ITC activities in terms 

of personnel compensation based on the activity records compiled 

by the Office of Finance and Budget. 

Technical support to 

USTR and the President. 

3.9% 

Furnishing Information 

and technical support 

to Congress. 

1.1 % 

Investigations of unfair 

import practices under 

section 337 of the Tariff 

Act of 1930; section 603 

of the Trade Act of 1974. 

Furnishing information and 

technical assistance to 

agencies and the public. 

8.3% 

Basic research; recurring and trade 

monitoring reports; industry-specific 

summaries of trade and tariff 

information; information systems; 

preparation and publication of the 

Harmonized Tariff Schedule and 

creation of foreign trade 

statistical categories. 

28.1 % 

7.0% 

Investigations of injury to 

U.S. industry, including 

antidumping, countervailing 

duty, escape clause, market 

disruption, and interference 

with agricultural programs. 

18.8% 

;'' 

Factfinding investigations 

under section 332 of the 

Tariff Act of 1930 and 

special studies. 

15.4% 

Executive direction, involving the 

substantive and administrative work 

of the Commissioners and their 

assistants; the agency-wide activities 

performed by other employees; 

and the activities of the Office of 

Inspector General. 

11 9% Agency administration, including 

• personnel, budget and finance, 

publishing, procurement, and 

facilities management. 

9.6% 

33 
FIGURE3 

STATUTORY TIMETABLES FOR ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTY 

INVESTIGATIONS 

Statutory timetable for antidumping investigations (in days) 

34 

1 Normal case. ITA may extend the time allowed for it to initiate an investigation from 20 days to up to 40 days after a petition is filed if the extra 

time is needed to determine industry support for the petition. In the event of such an extension, the deadline for the ITC's preliminary 

determination and all following dat~s ~ould be increased by the amount of the extension. 

Total days 

280 

340 

310 

370 

330 

390 

360 

420 
Statutory timetable for countervailing duty Investigations (in days) 

,- 35 

Total da~ 

205 

235 

270 

300 
~ ... ' 

.• 

.,-·· 

. . . 

/ .. 

·.~ 
APPENDIXES 

APPENDIX A 

SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATIONS COMPLETED 

DURING FISCAL YEAR 1995 AND PENDING ON 

SEPTEMBER 30, 1995 

37 
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Table 1-Continued 

General Investigations of trade and tariff matters completed under sec. 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and sec. 1205 of the Omnibus Trade 

and Competitiveness Act of 1988, fiscal year 19.95 

Investigation No. and title 

1205-3 

Proposed Modifications to the Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States 

1205-4 

Proposed Modifications to the Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States Concerning the 

Tariff Treatment of Petroleum Jelly 

1 The investigation was terminated by the 

Commission on June 29, 1995, at the request of 

the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. 

,, 

Origin 

Instituted by the Commission 

on its own motion 

Instituted by the Commission 

on its own motion 

USITC publicationNo. Date 

2830 December 1994 

2833 December 1994 

39 
40 

Table 2 

General investigations of trade and tariff matters under sec. 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and sec. 1205 of the Omnibus Trade and 

Competitiveness Act of 1988 pending on Sept. 30, 1995 

Investigation No. and title 

332-135 

Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States 

Production and Sales, 1993 

332-191 

Nonrubber Footwear Quarterly Statistical Report 

332-207 

The U.S. Automobile Industry Monthly Report 

on Selected Economic Indicators 

332-227 

Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act: 

Impact on U.S. Industries and Consumers 

332-237 

Production Sharing: Use of U.S. Components and 

Materials in Foreign Assembly Operations, 

1990-1993 

332-288 

Ethyl Alcohol for Fuel Use: Determination of the 

Base Quantity of Imports 

332-325 

The Economic Effects of Significant 

U.S. Import Restraints 

332-343 

U.S. Imports of Textiles and Apparel Under the 

Multifiber Arrangement: Annual Report for 1994 

332-345 

U.S. Trade Shifts in Selected Industries: 

Merchandise, Annual Report 1994 

Origin 

Request from the Committee 

on Ways and Means, U.S. 

House of Representatives 

Request from the Committee 

on Finance, U.S. Senate 

Request from the Committee 

on Ways and Means, U.S. 

House of Representatives 

Required by sec. 215(a) of the 

Caribbean Basin Economic 

Recovery Act 

Instituted by the Commission 

on its own motion 

Required by the Steel Trade 

Liberalization Program 

Implementation Act 

Request from the United States 

Trade Representative 

Instituted by the Commission 

on its own motion 

Instituted by the Commission 

on its own motion 

USITC publicationNo. Date 

2810 November 1994 

2839 December 1994 

2868 March 1995 

2901 June 1995 

2925 September 1995 

2828 October 1994 

2838 November 1994 

2847 December 1994 

2854 January 1995 

2861 February 1995 

2871 March 1995 

2888 April 1995 

2895 May 1995 

2908 June 1995 

2914 July 1995 

2923 August 1995 

2929 September 1995 

2927 September 1995 

- 2886 May 1995 

(1) (1) 

(2) (2) 

2884 April 1995 

2924 September 1995 
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Table 3 

Investigations completed under sec. 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

Finding and Date USITC 

Investigation No. Complaint Federal Register Public remedfiof orders ~ublicatlon 

and title Complainant filed notice date hearing Comm sslon issued o. 

337-TA-349 Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. 2-25-93; 3-31-93 (1) Terminated2 6-1-95 (1) 

Certain Diltiazem Osaka, Japan 3-23-93 

Hydrochloride and (amendment) 

Diltiazem Preparations Marion Merrell Dow, Inc. 

Kansas City, MO 

337-TA-358 Genentech, Inc. 3-16-93; 9-29-93 (1) Terminated3 1-17-95 (1) 

Certain Recombin- South San Francisco, CA 3-30-93, 

antly Produced 3-31-93, 

Human Growth 4-5-93, 

Hormones 4-6-93, 

4-9-93, 

4-12-93, 

and 

4-22-93 

(supplements); 

8-18-93 

(amendment) 

337-TA-360 Farallon Computing, Inc. 10-12-93; 11-17-93 (1) Violation4 11-18-94 2843 

Certain Devices for Alameda, CA 11-1-93 

Connecting Computers (amendment); 

Via Telephone 11-2-93 

Lines (supplement) 

337-TA-361 Pro-Cut International, Inc. 10-22-93; 12-1-93 (1) Terminated5 1-10-95 2889 

Certain Portable Lebanon, NH 11-15-93 

On-Car Disc Brake 

Lathes and Com-

(supplement) 

ponents Thereof 

337-TA-364 Minnesota Mining and 2-7-94 3-16-94 (1) Violation6 3-16-95 2890 

Certain Curable Manufacturing Co. 

Fluoroelastomer St. Paul, MN 

Compositions and 

Precursors Thereof 

337-TA-365 David A. Hancock and 4-28-94; 6-8-94 (1) Violation7 6-6-95 2903 

Certain Audible ldeations Design, Inc. 5-23-94 

Alarm Devices for Seattle, WA (supplement) 

Divers 

337-TA-367 Ricoh Co., Ltd. 8-1-94; 9-8-94 (1) TerminatedB 3-7-95 (1) 

Certain Facsimile Tokyo, Japan 8-22-94 

Machines and (supplement); 

Components Thereof Ricoh Corp. 8-25-94 

West Caldwell, NJ (amendment) 

42 
Table 3-Continued 

Investigations completed under sec. 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

Investigation No. 

and title Complainant 

Complaint 

filed 

Federal Register 

notice date 

337-TA-368 

Certain Rechargeable 

Nickel Metal Hydride 

Anode Materials and 

Batteries, and 

Products Containing 

Same 

Ovonic Battery Co., Inc., 

Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. 

Troy, Ml 

8-8-94; 

8-11-94 

(amendment); 

8-30-94 

(amendment and 

supplement) 

9-14-94 

337-TA-369 

Certain Health and 

Beauty Aids and 

Identifying Marks 

Thereon 

337-TA-375 

Certain Clog Style 

Articles of Footwear 

Redmond Products, Inc. 

Chanhassen, MN 

R. G. Barry Corp. 

Pickerington, OH 

1 Not applicable. 

2 Settlement agreement for one respondent 

and no violation for two respondents. 

3 Complaint dismissed with prejudice and 

investigation terminated with finding of no 

violation. 

12-2-94; 

12-16-94 

(amended 

complaint); 

12-22-94 

and 

12-23-94 

(supplemental) 

letters) 

4-18-95; 

5-8-95, 

5-10-95 

(supplements) 

1-18-95 

5-24-95 

4 General exclusion order. President took no 

action; became final 1-19-95. 

5 No violation. 

6 Limited exclusion order and cease and 

desist order. President took no action; became 

final 5-15-95. 

Public 

hearing 

Finding and 

remedy of 

Commission 

Date 

orders 

Issued 

USITC 

publication . No. 

(1) 

(1) 

(1) 

Terminatede 2-28-95 (1) 

Terminated& 9-19-95 (1) 

Terminated9 8-9-95 (1) 

7 Limited ~xclusion order and cease and 

desist order. President took no action; became 

final 8-7-95. 

B Settlement agreement. 

9 Consent order. 

43 
44 

Table4 

Investigations under sec. 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 pending on Sept. 30, 1995 

Investigation No. and title 

337-TA-366 

Certain Mlcrosphere Adhesives, Process for 

Making Same, and Products Containing 

Same, Including Self-Stick Reposltlonab/e Notes 

337-TA-370 

Certain Salinomycin Biomass and Preparations Containing Same 

337-TA-371 

Certain Memory Devices with Increased 

Capacitance and Products .containing Same 

337-TA-372 

Certain Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnets, 

Magnet Alloys, and Articles Containing the Same 

337-TA-373 

Certain Low-Power Computer Hard Disk Drive 

Systems and Products Containing Same 

337-TA-374 

Certain Electrical Connectors and 

Products Containing Same 

337-TA-376 

Certain Variable Speed Wind Turbines and 

Components Thereof 

337-TA-377 

Certain Microprocessors Having Alignment Checking and Products Containing Same 

337-TA-378 

Certain Asian-Style Kamaboko Fish Cakes 

·;' 

Complainant 

Minnesota Mining and 

Manufacturing Co. 

St. Paul, MN 

Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 

Tokyo, Japan 

Emanuel Hazani 

Sunnyvale, CA 

Patent Enforcement Fund, Inc. 

Fairfield, CT 

Crucible Materials Corp. 

Syracuse, NY 

Conner Peripherals, Inc. 

San Jose, CA · 

AMP, Inc. 

Harrisburg, PA 

The Whitaker Corp'. 

Wilmington, DE 

Kenetech Wlndpower, Inc. 

Livermore, CA 

Intel Corp. 

Santa Clara, CA 

Yamasa Enterprises 

Los Angeles, CA 

Complaint filed 

5-9-94; 

5-27-94 

(amendment) 

12-23-94; 

1-18-95 

(revised 

complaint and 

revised 

memorandum) 

12-30-94; 

1-9-95, 

1-19-95 

(supplements) 

2-1-95; 

2-23-95 

(supplement) 

4-4-95' 

4-21-95 

(supplement) 

4-3-95; 

4-27-95 

(supplement) 

4-21-95 

7-24-95; 

8-11-95 

(supplement) 

8-15-95; 

9-6-95 

(supplement) 

Federal Register notice date 

6-8-94 

2-6-95 

2-6-95 

3-9-95 

5-10-95 

5-11-95 

5-30-95 

8-30-95 

9-20-95 
Table 5 

Countervalllng duty Investigations completed under sec. 753 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

i~} Institution 

Hearing 

Investigation No. and title 

Report to Secretary 

of Commerce Affirmative Negative Not participating USITC publication No. 

753-TA-1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Apparel from Argentina 

753-TA-2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Carbon Steel Cold-Rolled Flat Products 

from Argentina 

753-TA-3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Leather Wearing Apparel from Argentina 

753-TA-4 

Line Pipe from Argentina 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Nonrubber Footwear from Argentina 

753-TA-6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Standard Pipe from Argentina 

753-TA-7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Textile Mill Products from Argentina 

753-TA-8 

Heavy-Walled Rectangular Tubing from 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Argentina 

753-TA-9 

Light-Walled Rectangular Tubing from 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Argentina 

753-TA-10 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Carbon Steel Wire Rod from Malaysia 

753-TA-11 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Ceramic Tile from Mexico 

753-TA-12 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Leather Wearing Apparel from Mexico 

753-TA-13 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Textile Mill Products from Mexico 

753-TA-14 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Brazi'le Cooper Rod and Wire from 

New ea/and 

753-TA-15 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Steel Wire from New Zealand 

45 
Table 5-Continued 

Countervailing duty investigations completed under sec. 753 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

t Institution 

b) Hearing 

c) Report to Secretary 

Investigation No. and title of Commerce Affirmative Negative Not participating USITC publication No. 

753-TA-16 (1) (1) 

Steel Wire Nails from New Zealand 

(1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-17 

Carbon Steel Wire Rod from New Zealand 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-18 

Cotton Sheeting and Sateen from Peru 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-19 

Cotton Yarn from Peru 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-20 

Rebar from Peru 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-21 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Textile Mill Products from Peru 

753-TA-22 

Ferrochrome from South Africa 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-23 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Textile Mill Products from Sri Lanka 

753-TA-24 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Apparel from Thailand 

753-TA-25 

Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings from Thailand 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-26 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings from Thailand 

753-TA-27 

Pipe and Tube from Thailand 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-28 

Rice from Thailand 

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

753-TA-29 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Steel Wire Nails from Thailand 

753-TA-30 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Circular Welded Nonalloy Steel Pipe from 

Venezuela 

753-TA-31 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 

Ferrosilicon from Venezuela 

46 
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—5 
Table& 

Countervailing duty investigations completed under sec. 701 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

Preliminary Investigation Final Investigation 

(a) Advice 

received 

(a) Request from 

received Commerce 

lbl Conference 

1:l 

Hearing 

c Report to USITC Report to USITC 

Secretary Not publl- Secretary Not publl· 

Investigation No. of Negative/ partlcl- cation of partlcl- cation 

andtltle Commerce Affirmative negllglblllty 1 patlng No. Commerce Affirmative Negative patlng No. 

701-TA-360-361 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

i~l 5-31-94 (2) Watson (2) 2870 

Certain Carbon 2-28-95 Nuzum 

Steel Butt-Weld 4-3-95 Rohr 

Pipe Fittings Ne~uist from India and era ord 

Israel Bragg 

701-TA-362 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

i~} 11-28-94 Watson (2) <2> 2910 

Certain Seamless 6-20-95 Nuzum 

Carbon and Alloy 7-26-95 Rohr 

Standard, Line Ne~uist and Pressure era ord 

Steel Pipe 

from Italy 

Bragg 

701-TA-363 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

i~} 1-23-95 Newquist3 Watson (2) 2911 

Oil Country 6-27-95 Bragg3 Nuzum 

Tubular Goods 8-2-95 Rohr 

from Austria Ne~uist4 

era ord 

Bragg4 

701-TA-364 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

~~} 12-2-94 Rohr3 Watson (2) 2911 

Oil Country 6-27-95 Newquist3 Nuzum 

Tubular Goods 8-2-95 Bragg3 Rohr4 

from Italy Ne~uist4 

era ord 

Bragg4 

701-TA-365-366 (al 5-12-95 Watson5 Watson7 (2) 2905 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Certain Pasta from ~b 6-2-95 Nuzum6 Nuzum7 

Italy and Turkey c 7-3-95 Rohr5 Rohr7 

Ne~uist5 Ne~uist7 

era ords era ord7 

Bragg6 Bragg7 

1 For definition of negligibility, see page 69. 4 With respect to drill pipe. 7 Made a finding of negllgibillty with respect to 

2 Not applicable. 5 With respect to dry pasta. oriental-style noodles. 

3 With respect to oeTG other than drill pipe. 6 With respect to dry nonegg pasta. 

48 '/~ 
Table7 

Antidumping duty investigations completed under sec. 731 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

Preliminary Investigation Final investigation 

(a) Advice 

received 

(a) Request from 

received Commerce f b) Conference f :l Hearing. 

c) Report to USITC Report to USITC 

Secretary Not publi· Secretary Not publlInvestigation No. of Negative/ partlci- cation of partlcl- cation 

andtltle Commerce Affirmative negligibility 1 patlng No. Commerce Affirmative Negative pating No. 

731-TA-663 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

igJ 

5-16-94 Watson (2) (2) 2829 

Certain Paper 10-4-94 Nuzum 

Clips from China c) 11-14-94 Rohr 

Ne~uist 

Cra ord 

Bragg 

731-TA-669 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

{gJ 

6-16-94 Watson Crawford (2) 2837 

Certain Cased 8-25-94 Nuzum 

Pencils from c) 12-15-94 Rohr 

China Newquist 

Bragg 

731-TA-670 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

i~l 6-16-94 (2) Watson (2) 2816 

Certain Cased 8-25-94 Nuzum 

Pencils from 10-13-94 Rohr 

Thailand Ne~uist 

Cra ord 

Bragg 

731-TA-671-674 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

{~J 6-16-94 Watson3 Watson6 (2) 2836 

Silicomanu.anese 11-3-94 Nuzum4 Nuzum7 

from Brazil, 12-14-94 Rohr Crawford 

China, Ukraine, Newquist Bragg8 

and Venezuela Bragg5 

731-TA-675 (2) <2> (2) (2) (2) 

igJ 

6-23-94 Rohr Watson (2) 2842 

Saccharin from 11-10-94 Newquist Nuzum 

China c) 12-22-94 Crawford 

Bragg 

731-TA-677 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

i~l 8-2-94 Watson (2) (2) 2852 

Coumarin from 12-13-94 Nuzum 

China 2-1-95 Rohr 

Ne~uist 

Cra ord 

Bragg 

,, 49 
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0 _,, 

(71 CO 

CD 

C71 CD 

•P• 

030ZXJZ 

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co 

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BUIMIV I 8AI BON 

W GAI

CI 0' 

0 O co 32= 0 re@ > 

o CD CD 0 0 o. 

3 .c•r° P. 3 3 ID 4. 

A. • a) C CD D7 Cel C73

D CD 

a 'a 00 

0. 

CD 0 

CO 

ND 

nary investigation BUIJ I 0AUI£1 1 61 11 1 U01

-7) 

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3 cD a c-ItZg 

CD CD ° CO 

C3 .26 F, " 

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COO co 

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CT 
Table 7-Continued 

Antidumping duty Investigations completed under sec. 731 of the Tariff Act of 1930, flscal year 1995 

Preliminary Investigation Final Investigation 

(a) Advice 

received 

(a) Request from 

received Commerce 

lbJ Conference 

l:J 

Hearing - c Report to USITC Report to USITC 

Secretary Not publl· Secretary Not publl· 

Investigation No. of Negative/ partlcl· cation of partlcl· cation 

and title Commerce Affirmative negllglblllty 1 patlng No. Commerce Affirmative Negative patlng No. 

731-TA-699 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

~g~ 11-10-94 (2) Watson (2) 2887 

Stainless Steel 3-30-95 Nuzum 

Angle from Japan c) 5-10-95 Rohr 

Newquist 

Crawford 

Bragg 

731-TA-700 (2) (2) <2> (2) (2) 

~~l 12-13-94 Rohr Watson (2) 2896 

Disposable Lighters 3-21-95 Newquist Nuzum 

from China 6-12-95 Crawford 

Bragg 

731-TA-701 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

i~l 10-24-94 Rohr Watson (2) 2876 

Disposable L/f hters 3-21-95 Newquist Nuzum 

from Thailan 4-21-95 Crawford 

Bragg 

731-TA-702 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

~g~ 12-30-94 Watson Crawford (2) 2904 

Ferrovanadium 5-23-95 Nuzum 

and Nitrided c) 6-30-95 Rohr 

Vanadium from Newquist 

Russia Bragg 

731-TA-703-704 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

~~l 12-16-94 Watson (2) (2) 2897 

Furfu't/ Alcohol 5-3-95 Nuzum 

from hina and 6-14-95 Rohr 

South Africa Ne~uist 

Cra ord 

Bragg 

731-TA-705 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) t 5-5-95 Watson (2) (2) 2909 

Furfwl/ Alcohol 

~~ (11) Nuzum 

from hailand 7-18-95 Rohr 

Ne~uist 

Cra ord 

Bragg 

51 
Table 7-Continued 

Antidumping duty Investigations completed under sec. 731 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

Preliminary Investigation Final Investigation 

(a) Advice 

received 

(a) Request from 

received Commerce 

lbl Conference l~l Hearing 

c Report to USITC Report to USITC 

Secretary Not publl- Secretary Not pub IIInvestigation No. of Negative/ particl- cation of particl- cation 

and title Commerce Affirmative negllglbillty 1 patlng No. Commerce Affirmative Negative patlng No. 

731-TA-706 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) t 1-9-95 Watson (2) (2) 2907 

Canned Pineapple b) 6-1-95 Nuzum 

Fruit from Thailand c) 7-10-95 Rohr 

Newquist 

Crawford 

Bragg 

731-TA-707-709 <2> (2) (2) (2) (2) 

~g~ 1-27-95 Watson (2) (2) 2910 

Certain Seamless 6-20-95 Nuzum 

Carbon and Alloy c) 7-26-95 Rohr 

Standard, Line, Newquist 

and Pressure Steel Crawford 

Pipe from Argentina, Bragg 

Brazil, and Germany 

731-TA-710 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

~~J 6-14-95 Watson (2) (2) 2910 

Certain Seamless (18) Nuzum 

Carbon and Alloy 7-26-95 Rohr 

Standard, Line, and Newquist 

Pressure Steel Crawford 

Pipe from Italy Bragg 

731-TA-711-715 (2) <2> (2) (2) (2) (a) 2-2-95 Watson19 Watson25 (2) 2911 

Oil Country Tubu- (b) 6-27-95 Nuzum20 Nuzum26 

tar Goods from (c) 8-2-95 Rohr21 Rohr27 

Argentina, Austria, Ne~uist22 Ne~uist 8 Italy, Japan, and Cra ord23 era ord29 

Korea Bragg24 Bragg28 

731-TA-716-717 (2) (2) (2) <2> (2) (a) 6-20-95 Watson19 Watson25 (2) 2911 

Oil Country Tubu- ~b) 6-27-95 Nuzum20 Nuzum26 

tar Goods from c) 8-2-95 Rohr21 Rohr27 

Mexico and Ne~uist22 Newquist28 

Spain Cra ord23 Crawford29 

Bragg24 Bragg28 

731-TA-718 (2) (2) (2) <2> (2) 

~g~ 11-15-94 Watson (2) (2) 2863 

Glycine from 2-9-95 Nuzum 

China (c) 3-14-95 Rohr 

Newquist 

Crawford 

Bragg 

52 
Table 7-Continued 

Antldumplng duty investigations completed under sec. 731 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

Preliminary Investigation Final Investigation 

(a) Advice 

received 

(a) Request from 

received Commerce 

fbJ Conference 

c Report to USITC 1:1 Hearing 

Report to USITC 

Secretary Not publl- Secretary Not pub IIInvestigation No. of Negative/ par11cl- cation of par11cl- cation 

andtltle Commerce Affirmative negllglblllty 1 patlng No. Commerce Affirmative Negative patlng No. 

731-TA-719 tJ 8-31-94 Newquist Watson (2) 2819 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Carbon Steel Pipe b 9-21-94 Nuzum 

Nipples from c 10-17-94 Rohr 

Mexico Crawford 

Bragg 

731-TA-720 

Wheel Inserts 

(a) 9-15-94 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

from China 

(withdrawn 10-5-94) 

731-TA-721 (al 9-15-94 Newquist Watson (2) 2824 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Wheel Inserts b 10-6-94 Nuzum 

from Taiwan ~c 10-31-94 Rohr 

Crawford 

Bragg 

731-TA-722 tl 10-3-94 Watson (2) (2) 2832 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Honey from b 10-24-94 Nuzum 

China c) 11-17-94 Rohr 

NeWJuist 

Cra ord 

Bragg 

731-TA-723 tl 10-31-94 Watson (2) (2) 2840 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Certain Drawer b 11-22-94 Nuzum 

Slides from c 12-15-94 Rohr 

China NeWJuist 

Cra ord 

Bragg 

731-TA-724 tr 11-8-94 Watson Crawford (2) 2844 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Manganese b 11-29-94 Nuzum 

Meta/from c 12-23-94 Rohr 

China Newquist 

Bragg 

731-TA-725 (al 11-30-94 Watson (2) (2) 2848 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Manganese Sulfate ~b 12-21-94 Nuzum 

from China c 1-17-95 Rohr 

NeWJuist 

era ord 

Bragg 

•(' 53 
Table 7-Continued 

Antidumping duty investigations completed under sec. 731 of the Tariff Act of 1930, fiscal year 1995 

Preliminary Investigation Final Investigation 

(a) Advice 

received 

(a) Request from 

received Commerce 

lbl Conference 

l:l 

Hearing 

c Report to USITC Report to USITC 

Secretary Not pub II- Secretary Not publlInvestigation No. of Negative/ partlcl- cation of partlcl- cation 

and title Commerce Affirmative negllglbllity 1 patlng No. Commerce Affirmative Negative patlng No. 

731-TA-726-729 r) 3-9-95 Watson30 Watson31 (2) 2883 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Polyvlnhil Alcohol b1 3-30-95 Nuzum30 Nuzum31 

from C Ina, Japan, c 5-1-95 Rohr30 Rohr31 

Korea, and Taiwan Nev:\uist30 Newquist32 

Cra ord30 Crawford32 

Bragg30 Bragg32 

731-TA-730 r~ 3-31-95 (2) Watson (2) 2892 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Certain Li~htwalled b 4-21-95 Nuzum 

Rectangu ar Pipe c) 5-22-95 Rohr 

and Tu e from Nev:\uist 

Mexico era ord 

Bragg 

731-TA-731 n 4-5-95 Watson (2) (2) 2893 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Bicycles from b 4-26-95 Nuzum 

Chm a c 5-30-95 Rohr 

Newquist 

Crawford 

Bragg 

731-TA-732-733 t~ 4-26-95 Nuzum Watson (2) 2899 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Circular Welded b 5-17-95 Rohr Crawford 

Non-Alloy Steel c) 6-19-95 Newquist 

Pipe from Bragg 

Romania and 

South Africa 

731-TA-734-735 ~aJ 5-12-95 Watson33 Watson35 (2) 2905 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 

Certain Pasta b 6-2-95 Nuzum34 Nuzum35 

from Italy and (c) 7-3-95 Rohr33 Rohr35 

Turkey Nev:\uist33 Nev:\uist35 

Cra ord33 Cra ord35 

Bragg34 Bragg35 

54 ·(' 
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z.., -- 4:1) cD C CD a) Km a) K 40 DO tx) ...i. CO -1. CA 0) 0) ,.. 

(,) (0 = (0 „, (I) a, co (DCn -0 CA I st .e 1 =..., CA CA 2,' a 

13-0 -0 •-‘ ji 0 , x - 0 , x - -0 0 -0 --1 -I < -a -o CD 0 a) .co o-a)o-alo-.00 a) > 0 0> CD CD CD 0 Co 0 

-.* ° a 3 8 o 3 8 o 3 8 0 - al= a m- Ft.' a a -- 

0_ cp -0 ■.1 a) ■.I cD =• 

0 o -. 5 > 0 5" =co 5" X go 5' FL5'19 Ec2.8 as_,S2 .5" 5' .-4 

_1 _ 0. c7 so= 0o_ .< .< CD 

:533J 

o 0 

gt °- §"`z °- Jii3 °- 3KJ.,a2,20) „32j§ a 

0 -8 ›m0 11T 3-co owTwo -2)§-81x° vo cc?, o-0-. -. 0-

0 

= 5130 MO : 

73 = 0:0 =. 10 m. 6- =.- al e, ..,1s a) M. g. _, 

, ,R - NO  CB_ M. ca '''' 0 (1) 0 Q) 0 Q) , (J) ,,, cl ,..., ta.(1) w 

:2; - W - ra a X0._,. m-_.,:-5 o Ir._ o 

0 _ 

0 0a) 

--'• --'• ..z to '''' , CO., 2. 0. 5-0 --,...... 13:$ 5t 3 

7 

=

g c3 - 0 3,30 0 0 0 -c, 0 -80) .0 a, 

ro 3 0 3 x-k3 0-.3 -..3 CL ■10 0 __ 

. 0 M. 0 M. .C.. 

>S0 C- 9, 0> 0> 0> =500 C 0 a ..> a, 5 

= 

, 

ico-, exa.oco pa) 9 

-I 

ta 0000- -0. 

o 

 32. ,D= a 0 

0 0 a) T) -I a) -5 Q' oq 3 3 9 

0 5..... 5. ,,,ar8 0 

0 

-0= ,D0 =0= 

°S 

 0 5 "A" a ° 

0o , 0 .o. 

a) ro ?-c• 0 0- 5- ro 0-so 0- co o 

- 

co co 

0 CL 0) CO a) CD CD 3 * 

. 

* 

-x..- 

5 3 3 0 s: x > x (/) 0 5- x 0- > 

0 1,, 0 c 0 -0 = 0, 0 -0- c 

- it) w 

N = co ... coco co co co 0 N ..-.• N CP - N 0 N 

0 :

.... 

-. Ul 0 4,.. CO NIES •-•• -1 0 saj

3 

 (DM coo 7 ••••.i cr) co a) crc:,. D • 0- A) . 

00. 

0 

5 g:gt° O. 0)..., St -o g_ 5-fii 5 a 5" ° 5-0. a_ 5l't Fo. 

0°) -'"D • -ci ..Z - so - ■ -5 , 0.7 

-. 00 3 63800 Tia)COED - '3 3 03 = co a) (Dm 3 -

o 0003 Cl) "0N •x• 0) 0 CO m CA '0 0) -

0 

-,- 

-.. =.1 - 73 73 :22 13 Ll.. 50 13 7••■/3 "0 13 V 0 la z ., 

0= a) 0 cD x = 06 m" 0 LI CD M. cl) f a) 0 5- 236- r. 

, 0. oo0 0 0. o5 °coo cora.a3 ,... x o 

, co a co 0 su 0 

0 ••••• 0 -. - ..• 0 - 

,.. co 0. 65113C0Ei>3. 6 -00.-. -.0 m0 >8. 0 p co

• 40 -- ...-- - 0 -.0 

3 J - 30"3- 30.3 7-30305'3 a 

CD 3 713 -0 73 0 73 073 -0 =73 -.13 0 - 70 

7

0 0 0 0 CD 

C

0 CO 0 1:1 0 0 v-t-00 CD 

0CO cl. R. c ca =. poa .•1:1 a .1-5. c 2.- o. ,, .3„. -,, 

. . . . co :3) u) 00 = 0 e.,0to a). 

0 CO 

a : o --,- - -.. 0 -'• 5 o O 5 

„ 

o 

- a F.:, a a a a - ...-074'7,- ci"rcir 9. Zals P 

51) .. ”"3 4 3 o 39- § 363 1`0 3 

* 0 . › ---: -2•;">.? OD la 

_. „,o _. 7x-N -0 sT, cc -I 

5" '3 ro" Zo' 5-7A G) F-14' •5-..R- 2.1. 

o 

 3 52. So G.) 

C 

L O. 3 

"0 _. o. 0_ o. 

m ale")c13 P 9a P-° comxS0°co g_ 

(.0 

.,.s . . „„ 0 , 5- _ 

O 

CA C.. = 

0 Q. 5 

. 

01 -0.01. 57- ca" 

CD CD 0 -, - rat 3 a p) - x , 0 

0 0 03 

t.Z. t< 

X. 

 -.s 

P 9 

Ire Da 

00 0)330::t 

0 "-k eD 0 0 0 

a 

 0 a. 

3 SP 4 3 3 m < 1

3 3.3.3"3 Zfg 

m 11) ..CO 0 a 

a 

IN 13WA 4 9111

z 

CD CO 

CD 

Z 0-0 C 

0cn 

• =cr 

0 

M 0 

CO 

a) 
Table& 

Antidumplng and countervalllng duty investigations pending on Sept. 30, 1995 

Investigation No. and title 

731-TA-738 (prellmlnary) 

Foam Extruded PVC and Polystyrene Framing Stock from the United Kingdom 

731-TA-374 (final) 

Potassium Chloride from Canada 

(suspended) 

731-TA-519Jflnal) 

Gray Port/an Cement and Cement Clinker from Venezuela 

(suspended) 

731-TA-539 (A-C and F) (final) 

Uranium from Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Russia, and Uzbekistan 

(suspended) 

731-TA-661-662 (final) 

Color Negative Photographic Paper and Certain Chemical Components from Japan and the Netherlands 

(suspended) 

731-TA-722 (final) 

Honey from China 

(suspended) 

731-TA-723 (final) 

Certain Drawer Slides from China 

731-TA-724 (final) 

Manganese Metal from China 

731-TA-725 (final) 

Manganese Sulfate from China 

303-TA-21 (final) 

Gray Portland Cement and Cement Clinker from Venezuela 

(suspended) 

56 ,., 

Effective date 

9-8~95 

8-25-87 

11-4-91 

10-21-92 

8-19-94 

8-2-95 

6-5-95 

6-13-95 

5-11-95 

3-18-94 
Table9 

Investigations under sec. 22 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act pending on Sept. 30, 1995 

Investigation No. 

and title 

22-55 

Peanut Butter and 

Peanut Paste 

(suspended 6-28-94) 

1 Not applicable. 

Request 

received 

11-17-93 

Date 

Investigation 

Instituted 

1-18-94 

Public 

hearing 

(1) 

Findings and 

recommendations 

(1) 

Date report was-

----------- USITC 

Submitted 

to President 

(1) 

Released publication 

(public version) No. 

(1) (1) 

57 
CO 

CO 

rn 

CO

CT 

z co 

co 

Co 

co 

z 

C 

N 

C 

3 

z 00 0 

 

01 . 

co 

ND 

OD 

OD 

IQ 

0 

0 

3 0. 

C 

0. 

ID 

CD 

O 

O 

CD 

0) 0. Cl 

1 

co 

I 

"0 M C 

P4 Cr 

F) 

3 

CD 

z 

co 

Ca 

co 

CD CD 

CD =a-

-0 CD10 

sr. 

:. a c 

o 

-th. o 

° 

c) n 

O 

CD 

st 

0 

" ct. 

Z < 0 

 0 CD 

CD cry St 

gy CD 

co oP 

O 4." 

co 

c 

co 

5 

5' 

Co 

co 

0 

CD 

-• ca X 0 

co a 

CD 

> 

-N 3 

Co 100 

M CO 

0 41. 

0 

0 5.7- 

o c7, c ▪ o. 

a ER 

Co m 

-.o c 

.%) O cDo. 

co co 

-.. 

▪ B — 3 

co 
Table 11 

Review investigations under sec. 751 of the Tariff Act of 1930 pending on Sept. 30, 1995 

Investigation No. and tltle 

751-TA-15 

Stainless Steel Plate from Sweden 

(suspended 8-16-93) 

·( 

Origin 

· Instituted by the Commission on its 

own motion 6-30-93 

59 

APPENDIXB 

REPORTS COMPLETED DURING FISCAL YEAR 1995 

AND PENDING ON SEPTEMBER 30, 1995 

Section 332 Studies Completed 

During FY 1995 

See also the Highlights section of 

this report for details on some of the 

more significant analytical section 332 

studies completed during the year. 

President's List of Articles Which 

May Be Designated or Modified as 

Eligible Articles For Purposes of 

the U.S. Generalized System of 

Preferences (332-356) 

On August 16, 1994, the USTR 

requested that the ITC investigate 

whether any industry in the United 

States is likely to be adversely affected 

by a waiver of certain competitive 

needs limits with respect to certain 

articles from Thailand. In 1989, 

Thailand lost some benefits under the 

Generalized System of Preferences 

(GSP) after the President determined 

that Thailand does not provide adequate and effective intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. On 

August 12, 1994, the Trade Policy Staff 

Committee initiated a review process 

to consider whether any of the benefits 

lost by Thailand in 1989 should be 

restored because of Thai progress on 

IPR protection. In order to restore 

certain of the lost GSP benefits to 

Thailand, the President would have to 

grant Thailand a waiver of the socalled competitive needs limits under 

the Trade Act of 1974. The President 

is required to obtain economic advice 

from the ITC prior to granting a waiver 

of competitive needs limits. The ITC 

report containing confidential information was submitted to the USTR in 

November 1994. 

Chemicals and Chemical Products: 

Probable Effect of Certain 

Modifications to North American 

Free Trade Agreement Rules of 

Origin Pertaining to Such Products 

(332-363) 

On May 5, 1995, the USTR 

requested that the ITC investigate the 

probable effect of proposed revised 

rules of origin covering goods described in Chapters 28 through 38 of 

the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the 

United States. The NAFTA Implementation Act authorizes modifications 

to the rules of origin under the NAFTA 

which are agreed to by the NAFTA 

countries. The President is required by 

law to seek the ITC's advice concerning the probable effect of such modifications. In making the request, the 

USTR noted that the governments of 

the United States, Canada, and Mexico 

have discussed the modifications to be 

made to the rules of origin for certain 

products of the chemical industry. The 

ITC report containing confidential 

information was submitted to the 

USTR in September 1995. 

Certain Miscellaneous Products: 

Probable Effect of Certain 

Modifications to the North 

American Free Trade Agreement 

Rules of Origin (332-364) 

On July 17, 1995, the USTR 

requested that the ITC investigate the 

probable effect of specified proposed 

modifications to the rules of origin for 

application of the tariff provisions of 

the NAFTA to trade in goods. Section 

202(q) of the NAFTA Implementation 

Act authorizes the President, subject to 

the consultation and layover requirements of section 103 of the Act, to 

proclaim such modifications to the 

rules as may from time to time be 

agreed to by the NAFTA countries. 

Section 103 requires the President to 

obtain advice regarding any proposed 

modifications in the rules contained in 

annex 401 of the Act from the ITC. On 

August 31, 1995, the USTR requested 

similar advice on a second set of 

specified proposed modifications. The 

ITC report containing confidential 

information was submitted to the 

USTR in September 1995. 

Rum: Annual Report on Selected 

Economic Indicators (332-175) 

On January 13, 1984, the Senate 

Committee on Finance requested that 

the ITC gather and compile data on the 

rum industry from public sources and 

report such data to the Committee on 

an annual basis. On June 20, 1995, the 

ITC received a letter from the Committee requesting that the investigation be 

terminated. The ITC terminated the 

investigation on June 29, 1995. 

Steel Semiannual Monitoring 

Report (332-327) 

On June 11, 1992, the House 

Committee on Ways and Means 

requested that the ITC issue six 

semiannual reports on steel trade and 

steel industry issues. The reports in 

this series, based on surveys of steel 

producers and processors, examined 

conditions in the U.S. steel industry, 

including developments in steel 

capacity, production, capital expenditures, environmental expenditures, 

61 
spending on research and development, 

employment, and financial performance. The reports provided detailed 

breakouts on U.S. shipments and U.S. 

trade for 20 major groups of steel mill 

products and certain fabricated steel 

products, and information on other 

recent developments in the U.S. steel 

industry. During FY 1995, the ITC 

concluded the series, publishing the 

fifth and sixth semiannual reports in 

November 1994 and June 1995. 

Recurring Industry Surveys 

Under Section 332 

Synthetic Organic Chemicals, 

United States Production and Sales, 

1993 (332-135) 

The ITC reports annually on U.S. 

production and sales of synthetic 

organic chemicals. These chemicals 

are the raw material for many consumer and industrial products. The annual 

investigation, requested by the House 

Committee on Ways and Means, results 

in one of the few publicly available 

sources of such comprehensive information and is widely used by industry. 

The report covers about 6,000 individual chemicals and chemical products 

and presents statistics in as great detail 

as possible without revealing the 

operations of individual producers. 

The report is prepared from data 

supplied by about 600 primary 

manufacturers and includes a list of 

manufacturers of each item for which 

production and/or sales were reported. 

62 

The report presents data aggregated in 

the format of the Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States on an 

8-digit basis. The ITC published its 

17th report in this series containing 

data from 1993 in January 1995. The 

ITC also publishes quarterly reports on 

domestic production of an abbreviated 

list of synthetic organic chemicals, also 

prepared from data supplied by primary 

manufacturers. The ITC published 

four such reports in FY 1995, in 

November 1994, February 1995, May 

1995, and August 1995. 

Nonrubber Footwear Quarterly 

Statistical Report (332-191) 

On August 10, 1984, the Senate 

Committee on Finance requested that 

the ITC investigate and publish 

quarterly reports on nonrubber footwear. The quarterly reports include 

data on production and/or shipments, 

imports, exports, apparent consumption, market share, employment, and 

unemployment. The Committee also 

requested annual information on plant 

closings in the nonrubber footwear 

industry. During FY 1995, the ITC 

published quarterly reports in December 1994, March 1995, June 1995, and 

September 1995. 

The U.S. Automobile Industry 

Monthly Report on Selected 

Economic Indicators (332-207) 

In December 1980, the House 

Committee on Ways and Means 

,.. 

requested that the ITC provide it with 

monthly data on U.S. automobile 

imports, sales, production, and prices. 

The resulting ITC investigation was 

begun in 1981. The Committee 

renewed its request four times between 

1981 and 1985, with the most recent 

request in 1985 having no fixed date 

for termination. The ITC report uses 

trade data compiled from official 

statistics of the U.S. Department of 

Commerce. Sales, production, and 

certain price data are derived from 

Automotive News, an auto industry 

publication. The U.S., Department of 

Labor provides employment and 

consumer and producer price data, 

while quarterly financial results for 

U.S.-owned automakers are from 

various public sources. During FY 

1995, the ITC published 12 monthly 

reports, dated October 1994 through 

September 1995. 

Impact of the' Caribbean Basin 

Economic Recovery Act on U.S. 

Industries and Consumers, Tenth 

Report (332-227) 

Section 215 of the Caribbean 

Basin Economic Recovery Act 

(CBERA) requires the ITC to annually 

report on the operation of the program. 

The CBERA, which became effective 

January I, 1984, affords preferential 

tariff treatment to most products of 24 

designated Caribbean, Central American, and South American countries. 

The ITC annual report assessed the 

actual and probable effects of CBERA 

on the U.S. economy generally, on U.S. 

industries producing products like or 

directly competitive with those imported from beneficiary countries, and 

on U.S. consumers. 

The ITC report, submitted in 

September 1995, found that the overall 

effect of CBERA imports on the U.S. 

economy and consumers continued to 

be negligible in 1994, although a few 

U.S. industries were measurably 

affected; that CBERA tariff reductions 

produced net welfare gains for consumers, with gains from lower prices more 

than offsetting lost tariff revenue; and 

that the data available suggest that 

CBERA tariff preferences continue to 

act as an incentive for direct investment flows to the region. 

Production Sharing: Use of U.S. 

Components and Materials in 

Foreign Assembly Operations, 

1990-1993 (332-237) 

On September 4, 1986, the 

Commission instituted on its own 

motion an annual investigation that 

assesses by industry sector the products 

and countries which make use of the 

production sharing provisions of the 

HTS. These provisions provide 

reduced tariff treatment for eligible 

goods that are processed in foreign 

locations but contain components 

which are U.S.-made. HTS subheading 

9802.00.60 involves tariff treatment for 

metal of U.S. origin processed in a 

foreign location and returned to the 

United States for further processing; 
,) 

) 

< C.... cr

 ,.4. 2. 5 .

1 .1 = 0. 

• 

0 5'.: '0 ■-•• *0 0 D'D'-...- ca. a. °,. 1 

=

• = sa E - a 01 a2 0 n - a 0.," moo 4.?.°:c7, 4.,31)oa-.§ r)g (co' 00°°. • 

, , , c-9 - oc o ) ' `•• • oso9 a . t. Dci )<-7 • g g i - ' ,° 

-., ,..:. 0 -,-,; <- 0 to .-1 "1..". C) cm; chi. <•7,- 

CD co Ct. . co 0•-. A 

O cn H 

4 0 cr a- 0., P a c 9, 74 %.(4, '8 25' 5 •3 criP. a' g F V..s,i.;33, 0=113$1,10.0_, 00 _, ›, < co .0...,. 

Z 

. it c R c.%)a r,- * 43 FD' -.t, -1 "a 4 0- Pawfaggsu opr._ 

,.... E. a pa . '4‹ ‘;•<... 0 in 0 0. ,< 

cr4 . ,...g .-• 0 F.r> = 

,••••• ,.... 4 

5 g '4' L',., Fa z... ,.. a. 0.- E cm. - v, 

..., CD 0, 0., 0 0 a...'" S4 441. 

‘00 A ,-•• co ii; LA oa CD 0 cr.°, 0 g a. .-- co = c 0

" 

-,

co -.' LA ." R -9, 

!••1 cro CD 4 0 "t ° 0 O. 0 PC- 0 CI" 0 2 -,0,....-y. C a 5' 'sr', '.) S' 

in C 0 ,io .---.00 

G 7.:, a § st 74 2 a a..g 8 g i = g 2 

. 

- t.) 

„. .- 1° t...)<

' 

 .1 5 0 o, Eg' ts-) 

f. 2.°4. c al. ,5 a r 8- ' g 8 a--- - .p,;.•1 F.......<.(?4, ,.. ... y 0 . "1 A1 (. 0 CD 5 0 13 > L''') 

a ." 

0 

,-.4., c..., c.,,, 16`).a.' ;..-..,' 74 22 2 tz:. A g a-, -. g: - 'ici ,0 c:,1) '3 

= t...) ,c,i..). c .."• , ,, 0.op, >4 ,,. = =- -. = ..< A .00, 0... m .... - ‘c, •••1 ••••• 

go 0 p o 5 2 .... , g • 47. g• 4, 3 a0 z, -, . ,, 

O CD 4;4= i rfo s •0) a ■-• • Cle co.g, 2 E. aot s.. aET a .,..-1 5,,a a a Fr 

,..„ x) 0 z 

-0.1 = - , ,z3 ,, g op o cli 3 g 5., 0 2„sr F„, co t, 7,- . (sr a5. -4.. `" 4' > co 0- c) 

fD, 4 z., as = i_3a' co• 7, CD E, F,. •-) >4 = t,., il § 

=kz. 

, 

.„,5 ,tn, E.,: j ,, c6 ri st, °- ..! i o 

, 2,91 ,g,- 1 cA i* 4 F le = 6' ' - g tL c - )1 4 a . • z -- -- 

= - 5-. > o 

o co a,c? 

0 co 0a ft: cn E g - - 

• 

CD a = -3.0 C6 CD A°,; 0 0 pa < • t°')E '..`ZI '-i 0... O. = (-) _ vi ti a. a• 5 clo a 0 g;•I=• co 'Z$ n 

.n. 

E = A, 0 0 

--

C 

' 0- g. 5- 

. z .7 

ti

2 

P 

oc 

Po CIO ca • 

'y. o 

CD ,-n .-..

= 2 

= . 

5. 5: to 

 ,S.I.ca 0. > VI (c1,5 • 0 n n. :Iv - :.- rli ;... 5 0 - = 

,-3°0a.°0-' 

c...1.) 

t...) 

>4° b•- 0 • °S cf, '5- C n Z ocn ocn (1 r,' 7, 2 p- 0 

. 

-0 c., p o 4 -,, cn o = = = o cr = ..,,, ... 

° a' onA9 ,,q „,. cio i.o "°` o = 

• 

g = n .% 

t..) Q.. v4 z.. 0 0 0, 5. g" .:'.1 H 5 5. z, sA g 0 -to CD 

 .,.. 0 = t... 1 .1 x, g a. CD CD I ....1 g ta5• a < a -- 4 > Ff" r'' 0' cr-Q, 5 g ci) . ''' 0 

z 

 .. m c,„ _ - _ co ,.. • . ,..., ''' Ca. ii) 0 0 2a0{..- s

c

tz- 5. . 0 0 -.),> c.,.) z, - ", _ A, o 5' EI, = .4. ,,, <7, r o co "" cc, c' -. LA 

 = 0000CL.!.-'n 

c 

- g 0 n. ra. rz. ,.., a.

• 

 5 n n -,:-..' 0 " 0 

o =p ,<=E,..nE 5 5 n- 6.) 5-e, 

G .,..., "' cr 2 = P 0 0 ri 2 g - -0 to cr co 5 1..`? it, '••••3 

'-i a. o 0 0g 5.= O. g ,._, = g g = I > 0 -'1 'it. -i:, 0 cp CI- D' a 

„, co = - . 0 - q:) la,cl. - a -: 0 t•J 

z ,co g, = '.' apo coco 4 ▪ .c) p, SICT , = ....., = •••• = ,t,0 "1 0 0 

,... ..,., 

,-., Fo Z. m 5' =- CD .-I - ..,._ ' +1 ,.. 't.' ..... ..r.„.%,0 e. CD A) C) CO , St 0 

r 

cl LA.1 0 0 z... o ,-.• 0, 

5% LD, -- ,.e 02 I t. *"' • 2 g ::-' CD 0 > r) 1:1 ° '''' ° 2 2 •< P • 0- z8 t4' F,`..',' ■=3 st a ag a co CD0, 

•• 0 0..... 0,..„ • to...p, 2) co Et o m = 'V a ,-3 .2•1 -1 -..t 51' 0.-- 0 n '",.. E. 0°-.... °' o o ■o'-- Co'

3 0=g 

c 

° a occa'a°°Ra'"0" 

'7: co *A t-ti ci-t+, a a 'a 

a a 0 ■0 Co o- CL. 5' .., CL ›. :j. EL = et ..- ° - E > -- cir = ..... 0 E• 1,1 ca = q 

(1) ■0 ,.., "w3 5 'z -' 0a 0o. o •-3 0: FDt,---, t. 1 n -I 

...t0 CO 

0 0' 0. mo o. ... - > ori a LA 1--. ....: C. CD cn ''''' C .'..-., CI. .-'• ..11 

•

, 

A,

':40 ":j .4* > Sto ,r) . to• til `0 CD *0 " > O Z a 5 > = ,:r=. = > iz-31.14,o a. 4 0 n • > = 0 2 = o 5' 8-a s'"); (411 09- ❑ca I 4 a n 4- 8 ,-.3 .-, _ 4 .... -,..; ,., a. 0 0 a 2 ._, 0 a .2 O. Q.. C=' P4 ca 

En 2- 2 ''' 7- la c, ,SD 8 : , cT 69 0- 

.0 P ...- c 5 k i t .1 co 0 5 ca -: -3 0 ,,, . 0 0" 1.- = CO ... 0 0 o" .0 = .... "0 e, 0 > 2:5-. 5"0 = 0 CD Po R-, = = - I, 

.0 s" cat:Lca"E.() = Fa .-9 .51ON 

 0. °col 0" 

,..,`-4 0 0 o°5*_..aq.a.a C* 0 2° 

...... co 

.-1 a ■-■ c• .-.. ...a S 0 0w a m a = ?r, c.,P - - .3 i40 0- - , '' § :- 0- o a-E1.5-'cosoo- cm :ac IQ 0 c'' Q-cr a cr° 

a c9- a- .-1 A A a = 0 05,a n - rD 00 a . 0 = c 

' 

. _ . 0 0 = 

0 0 ..... cp 

0•• I 

0 0 r)Cu = =" ?",T,'" 2 .111 0 CD= CD ,... CD 

..., .1. a, DD 

.‹ 

g,..,q 

8 

4. A, g > a 

CD > CO 

0 CA 0 0 0 0 " 

0 6: Mr/ tDD 5. 5. o 7..-.•= 5 c) = E, 0 41, 0 0 A,c-) a i;), cv .7 a r.,, a ,.., c, (-) c s c' s- 64 5 5. ,_, ,,r° C/2 (t) = CA 0-,-CD CD CD = 0 !a = .1

< z

■-• = ,-.. > .= .,:, n _, g ci zo z ,_. m- ..o0 c4 o 5 c, c 1-„•., co 

S • 8 CD ,..0 e... Z'- W 

'4 z F7 w ,_3 Er 2 

0 ,--3 c E. 5 cr m ,,, .... a.0-3:....--.„0--...a2.,0 

 lw....,..:.,w0 0 0 c9 e 2 0-• ., P...' . ol. °0 a Ao a. P CD*' CD $D*D •'0 ' 2 0 '"'' . 0.CrAFC F n t. '....z... SA=..= Z=S A Po':' 

g o trc7 -.=. CD 5- m - .-1 A, < - CD CA g' S ca '-. 

0 wl 0 co .... ,-. CD go 0 .-1 ", CD a ' (.1_ .0 a. .p. , a - - - 

c • ..0 

`-`=2., r)Cc= sh X 4 .."---- 9, 0rD 0, s 2. 2 n 2- .1 FL 6- 0 8 0 0 2-a a- n 

: 

(-4 rx, 0 -• > 'a .... ... a: e. .4 =- 5 - 0A ,,, = ,,, g- o ,,.„,,c).. .., 6 3. ; 9 ;E' 2",7 "(3, "=7 '

17 5 FP'11 ; f 

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`1 

APPENDIXC 

STATUTES INVOLVING 

THE U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION 

Section 201, Trade Act of 1974 

(Escape Clause Investigations), 

Import Relief for Domestic 

Industries 

Under section 201, domestic 

industries seriously injured or threatened with serious injury by increased 

imports may petition the ITC for 

import relief. The ITC determines 

whether an article is being imported in 

such increased quantities that it is a 

substantial cause of serious injury, or 

threat thereof, to the U.S. industry 

producing an article like or directly 

competitive with the imported article. 

If the Commission makes an affirmative determination, it recommends to 

the President relief that would remedy 

the injury and facilitate industry 

adjustment to import competition. The 

President makes the final decision 

whether to provide relief and the 

amount of relief. 

Section 201 does not require a 

finding of an unfair trade practice, as 

do the antidumping and countervailing 

duty laws and section 337 of the Tariff 

Act of 1930. However, the injury test 

under section 201 is considered to be 

more difficult than those of the unfair 

trade statutes. Section 201 requires that 

the injury or threatened injury be 

"serious" and that the increased 

imports must be a "substantial cause" 

(not less than any other cause) of the 

serious injury or threat of serious 

injury. 

Criteria for import relief under 

section 201 are based on those in 

article XIX of the GAIT. Article XIX 

of the GAIT is referred to as the 

escape clause because it permits a 

country to "escape" temporarily from 

its obligations under the GAIT with 

respect to a particular product when 

increased imports of that product are 

causing or are threatening to cause 

serious injury to domestic producers. 

Section 201 provides the legal framework under U.S. law for the President 

to invoke U.S. rights under article XIX. 

When: The ITC conducts an 

investigation under section 201 upon 

receipt of a petition from a trade 

association, firm, certified or recognized union, or group of workers which 

is representative of a domestic industry; upon receipt of a request from the 

President or the USTR; upon receipt of 

a resolution of the House Committee 

on Ways and Means or Senate Committee on Finance; or upon its own 

motion. 

Duration: The ITC generally 

must make its injury finding within 120 

days (150 days in more complicated 

cases) of receipt of the petition, 

request, resolution, or institution on its 

own motion and must transmit its 

report to the President, together with 

any relief recommendations, within 

180 days after receipt of the petition, 

request, resolution, or institution on its 

own motion. 

Finding: If the ITC finding is 

affirmative, it must recommend a 

remedy to the President, who determines what relief, if any, will be 

imposed. Such relief may be in the 

form of a tariff increase, quantitative 

restrictions, or orderly marketing 

agreements. 

Followup: If import relief is 

provided, the ITC periodically reports 

on developments within the industry 

during the period of relief. Upon 

request, the ITC advises the President 

of the probable economic effect on the 

industry of the reduction, modification, 

or termination of the relief in effect. At 

the conclusion of any relief period, the 

ITC is required to report to the President and Congress on the effectiveness 

of the relief action in facilitating the 

positive adjustment of the domestic 

industry to import competition. (For 

further information, see section 201 of 

the Trade Act of 1974, 19 U.S.C. 

2251.) 

Section 337, Tariff Act of 1930, 

Investigations of Unfair 

Practices in Import Trade 

Under section 337, the ITC 

determines whether, as defined by U.S. 

statutory and common law, there is 

unfair competition in the importation 

of products into, or their sale in, the 

United States. Section 337 declares 

unlawful unfair methods of competition and unfair acts in the import and 

sale of products in the United States, 

the threat or effect of which is to 

destroy or substantially injure a 

domestic industry, prevent the establishment of such an industry, or restrain 

or monopolize trade and commerce in 

the United States. Section 337 also 

67 
declares as unlawful per se infringement of a valid and enforceable U.S. 

patent, copyright, registered trademark, 

or mask work; no resulting injury need 

be found. 

Section 337 investigations require 

formal evidentiary hearings in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.). The 

hearings are held before an administrative law judge. Parties to these investigations include complainants, 

respondents, and the ITC attorney 

representing the public interest. 

Following a hearing, the AU issues an 

initial determination on all issues 

related to violations of section 337. 

The Commission may review and may 

modify the AU decision. If the 

Commission does not review the initial 

determination, it becomes the Commission's decision. In addition to the 

long-term relief requested, complainants also may request temporary relief 

pending final resolution of the case. 

When: After receipt of a complaint under oath from an interested 

party or upon its own motion, the ITC 

conducts an investigation to determine 

whether unfair methods of competition 

or unfair acts are occurring in the 

importation of articles into, or their 

sale in, the United States. 

Duration: For investigations 

based on complaints filed prior to 

January l, 1995, the ITC must make its 

determination not later than one year 

68 

( 18 months in a more complicated 

case) from the date of publication in 

the Federal Register of notice of the 

investigation. For investigations based 

on complaints filed after January 1, 

1995, the ITC is required to conclude 

its investigation at the earliest practicable time, and must, within 45 days after 

an investigation is instituted, establish 

a target date for issuing its final 

determination. 

Finding: In general, if the ITC 

finds that the importation of such 

articles substantially injures or threatens to substantially injure an industry, 

prevents the establishment of such an 

industry, or restrains or monopolizes 

trade and commerce in the United 

States, it may issue orders excluding 

the products from entry, directing the 

violating parties to cease and desist 

from certain actions, or both. However, 

ifthe imports infringe a U.S. patent, 

copyright, registered trademark, or 

mask work, the ITC may issue an 

exclusion and/or cease and desist order 

without finding injury. ITC orders are 

effective when issued and become final 

60 days after issuance unless disapproved for policy reasons by the 

President of the United States within 

that 60-day period. Appeals of ITC 

determinations may be taken to the 

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal 

Circuit. Violators of ITC section 337 

orders are liable for civil penalties of 

up to $100,000 a day or twice the value 

·;' 

of the imported articles. (For further 

information, see section 337 of the 

Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. 1337.) 

Countervailing Duty- and 

Antidumping Duty Laws 

Under the Tariff Act of 1930 

Under the Tariff Act of 1930, U.S. 

industries may petition the government 

for relief from imports that are sold in 

the United States at less than fair value 

("dumped") or which benefit from 

subsidies provided through foreign 

government programs. Under the law, 

the U.S. Department of Commerce 

determines whether the dumping or 

subsidizing exists and, if so, the margin 

of dumping or amount of the subsidy; 

the ITC determines whether the 

dumped or subsidized imports materially injure or threaten to materially 

injure the U.S, industry. 

Countervailing duty and antidumping investigations are conducted under 

title VII of the law. The ITC conducts 

preliminary and final injury investigations. (For ease of reference, preliminary and final ITC countervailing duty 

investigations are referred to as "701" 

investigations, and preliminary and 

final ITC antidumping investigations 

are referred to as "731" investigations, 

after the respective initial sections in 

the Tariff Act of 1930 for the countervailing duty and antidumping laws.) 

Preliminary Countervailing Duty 

Investigations (Subsidized Imports) 

and Preliminary Antidumping 

Investigations (Imports Sold at Less 

Than Fair Value) 

When: After the simultaneous 

filing of a petition with the ITC and the 

U.S. Department of Commerce, the 

ITC conducts a preliminary injury 

investigation. 

Duration: The investigation 

usually must be completed within 45 

days of the receipt of the petition. If 

Commerce has extended its deadline 

for initiating the investigation, the ITC 

must make its preliminary injury 

determination within 25 days after 

Commerce informs the ITC of the 

initiation of the investigation. 

Finding: The ITC determines, on 

the basis of the best information 

available to it at the time of the 

determination, (1) whether there is a 

"reasonable indication" that an industry 

is materially injured or is threatened 

with material injury, or (2) whether the 

establishment of an industry is materially retarded, by reason of imports 

under investigation by the Department 

of Commerce that are allegedly 

subsidized or sold at less than fair 

value in the United States. 

If the ITC determination is 

affirmative, Commerce continues its 

investigation. If the ITC determination 
eil,

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the President as to the probable 

economic effect on the domestic 

industry and on consumers of the 

removal of duty. (For further 

information, see sections 131 and 503, 

Trade Act of 1974, 19 U.S.C. 2151, 

2163.) 

East-West Trade Monitoring 

System 

The ITC monitors imports into the 

United States from nonmarket economy countries and prepares a report at 

least once each calendar quarter on the 

effect of such imports on the production of like or directly competitive 

articles in the United States and on 

employment within the industry. (For 

further information, see section 410, 

Trade Act of 1974, 19 U.S.C. 2440.) 

Andean Trade Preference Act 

The ITC submits annual reports to 

Congress and the President on the 

impact on U.S. industries and consumers of the Andean Trade Preference Act 

and Andean drug crop eradication and 

crop substitution. (For further information, see 19 U.S.C. 3204.) 

The Uruguay Round implementing 

legislation made a number of changes 

in laws under which the U.S. Intema-

·;~ 

tional Trade Commission takes action. 

The most important of these changes 

are discussed below. These descriptions are intended as a summary only; 

the reader should consult the text of the 

implementing legislation and its 

legislative history for more precise 

guidance. 

I. Implications of the Uruguay 

Round Agreements on title VII 

Activity 

The Uruguay Round Agreements 

made relatively few changes to the 

substantive standards regarding 

determinations under title VII of the 

Tariff Act of 1930 of material injury by 

reason of dumped or subsidized 

imports. Areas of change in title VII 

activity include the following: 

Requirement that parties receive 

opportunity to comment, prior to 

Commissions vote, on all 

information collected 

The new law requires that the 

Commission provide all parties to the 

proceeding with an opportunity to 

comment, prior to the Commission's 

vote, on all information collected in the 

investigation. While parties have long 

been able to comment on most information before the Commission in 

their post-hearing briefs, this new 

provision gives parties another opportunity to comment later in the process 

on late-arriving information. However, 

only interested parties who have 

applied for access to business proprietary information under an administrative protective order will have access 

to that information. From an operating 

perspective, the provision means that 

time must be allocated in the investigation schedule for an earlier closing of 

the record, for an opportunity for 

parties to prepare comments, and for 

consideration of those comments prior 

to the vote. This means that such 

activities as mailing questionnaires and 

conducting a hearing may occur 

somewhat earlier in the process than in 

the past. 

Captive production 

A new provision, commonly 

known as the "captive production" 

provision, deals with investigations 

involving industries where domestic 

producers internally consume a 

significant portion of their production 

of the like product under investigation. 

The new provision requires the Commission, in making its material injury 

determination, to focus primarily (if 

certain specific tests are met) on open 

market sales in considering market 

share and the factors affecting financial 

performance. In the past, the Commission had no specific statutory direction 

on how to consider captive production, 

although it often considered the effects 

of the imports to have been most 

keenly felt in the open market segments of the market, where competition is most direct. 

Negligibility 

The new law contains a provision 

regarding "negligibility" that generally 

requires imports from a country subject 

to investigation to be deemed negligible if the imports amount to less than 

3 percent of the volume of all such 

merchandise imported into the United 

States in the most recent 12-month 

period preceding the filing of the 

petition for which data are available. 

If imports from a country are deemed 

negligible, then the investigation 

regarding those imports must be 

terminated. Note that the 3 percent 

figure is not 3 percent of U.S. consumption, but rather is 3 percent of 

total imports. 

There are exceptions to this rule. 

Perhaps the most important exception 

is that when imports from more than 

one country are subject to investigations as a result of petitions filed on the 

same day, imports from one or more of 

those countries under investigation will 

not be deemed negligible if the sum of 

imports from countries subject to 

investigation whose imports are less 

than 3 percent on an individual basis 

collectively amounts to more than 

7 percent of the volume of all such 

merchandise imported into the United 

States. 

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the Agreement on Safeguards. Principal changes include the following. 

APO provision 

The legislation amends section 202 

of the Trade Act to require the ITC to 

disclose confidential business information under administrative protective 

order to authorized representatives of 

interested parties who are parties to an 

investigation. As directed in both the 

legislation and in the accompanying 

Statement of Administrative Action, 

the ITC has issued interim regulations 

that provide for such disclosure in a 

manner similar to that provided for in 

the case of investigations under title 

VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 and the 

regulations issued thereunder. 

Critical circumstances 

The legislation also amends 

section 202 to provide for a new and 

faster critical circumstances investigation procedure. If a petitioner alleges 

critical circumstances in a petition, the 

ITC must, within 60 days of receipt of 

the petition, make a determination 

concerning the existence of such 

circumstances and report to the 

President its determination and any 

recommendation concerning provisional relief. Under prior law, the Commission did not make a determination 

concerning critical circumstances until 

the end of the 120-day injury phase of 

an investigation. After receiving an 

affirmative Commission report, the 

President has 30 days in which to 

decide what, if any, action to take, with 

any such action generally to remain in 

effect until completion of the ITC 

investigation and consideration by the 

President of the ITC recommendation 

for longer term relief, but in no event 

longer than 200 days. 

New definitions 

The legislation amends section 202 

of the Trade Act to clarify the meaning 

of the term "domestic industry" and to 

define the terms "serious injury" and 

"threat of serious injury," tracking 

definitions in the Safeguards Agreement. Because the definitions reflect 

prior law and ITC practice, the Statement of Administrative Action indicated that the incorporation of these 

definitions into U.S. law "should not 

affect the outcome of ITC decisions." 

Relief actions 

The legislation makes several 

technical changes in the relief provisions in section 203 of the Trade Act. 

Under the new law, relief may be 

provided for an initial period of up to 

four years, and may be extended one or 

more times, with the overall duration of 

relief not to exceed eight years. Under 

prior law, the overall limitation on 

relief actions was also eight years; 

however, only one extension of a relief 

action was permitted, and there was no 

limitation (short of the full eight years) 

on the duration of the initial period of 

relief. Under the new law, relief 

actions that exceed one year must be 

"phased down at regular intervals" 

during the relief period; the law does 

not specify the degree of phase-down 

period or interval. Under prior law, 

phase down was required "to the extent 

feasible" after three years. The term 

"orderly marketing agreement" has 

been changed simply to "agreement" to 

avoid confusion with "orderly marketing arrangements," which are prohibited by the Safeguards Agreement. 

Investigations of extension of action 

The legislation amends section 204 

of the Trade Act to provide for ITC 

investigations at the request of the 

President or on petition by industry 

concerning whether relief action 

continues to be necessary to prevent or 

remedy serious injury and whether 

there is evidence that the industry is 

making a positive adjustment to import 

competition. The ITC must transmit its 

report to the President no later than 60 

days before the relief action terminates. 

73 

APPENDIXD 

REPORTS SUBMITTED TO CONGRESS ON PROPOSED 

LEGISLATION, FISCAL YEAR 1995 1 

1. s. 529 

Mr. Graham 

To provide, temporarily, tariff and 

quota treatment equivalent to that 

accorded to members of the North 

American Free Trade Agreement 

to Caribbean Basin beneficiary 

countries. August 10, 1995. 

2. s. 752 

Mr. Simon 

To amend the Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States to 

restore the duty rate that prevailed 

under the Tariff Schedules of the 

United States for certain twine, 

cordage, ropes, and cables. 

July 7, 1995. 

3. S.1003 

Mr. Pressler 

To suspend temporarily the duty 

on certain motorcycles brought 

into the United States by participants in the Sturgis Motorcycle 

Rally and Races, and for other 

purposes. August 26, 1995. 

1 Date shown for each bill is that on 

which the bill report was submitted to 

Congress. 

·i 

75 

APPENDIXE 

LITIGATION IN FISCAL YEAR 1995 

Appeals Arising From Antidumping and Countervailing 

Duty Investigations 

Acciai Speciali Terni, S.p.A. v. 

United States, Consol. Court No. 

94-07-00398 (Court of 

International Trade) 

The Court of International Trade 

(CIT) affirmed the Commission's 

affirmative determinations in GrainOriented Silicon Electrical Steel from 

Italy and Japan, Inv. Nos. 701-TA-355 

(final) and 731-TA-660 (final) [see 

USITC publication 2778 (May 1994)) 

and Inv. No. 731-TA-659 (final) [see 

USITC publication 2800 (August 

1994 )]. The CIT found that the Commission, having found substantial competition and substitutability between 

the subject imports and the domestic 

like product, need not adopt a market 

segment approach in its analysis of 

causation. The CIT also upheld the 

Commission's pricing analysis. 

Aramide Maatschappig V.O.F. and 

Akzo Fibers Inc. v. United States, 

Court No. 94-07-00424S (Court of 

International Trade) 

The CIT affirmed the Commission's affirmative determination in 

Aramid Fiber Formed of Poly ParaPhenylene Terephthalamide from the 

Netherlands, Inv. No. 731-TA-652 

(final) [see USITC publication 2783 

(June 1994)]. The CIT upheld as 

supported by substantial evidence the 

Commission's like product determination, finding no error in the Commission's reliance in part on limited interchangeability among aramid fiber 

forms to support its determination. 

The Court also found reasonable the 

Commission's conclusion that voluntary restraints on import volumes do 

not preclude a finding of material 

injury. 

In the Matter of Certain Corrosion 

Resistant Carbon Steel Flat 

Products from Canada, Case No. 

USA-93-1904-05 (U.S.-Canada 

Binational Panel) 

A panel convened under Chapter 

19 of the U.S.-Canada Free Trade 

Agreement affirmed the Commission's 

majority affirmative determination in 

Certain Flat-Rolled Carbon Steel 

Products from Canada, Inv. Nos. 

731-TA-575, 590, 602, and 614 (final) 

[see USITC publication 2664 (August 

1993)]. The panel found that the Commission properly analyzed the effects 

of the subject imports on the domestic 

industry as a whole, rather than on 

different segments of the industry. 

Chr. Bjelland Seafoods AIS (now 

Norwegian Salmon A/S, et al. v. 

United States, Court No. 

93-05-00364 (Court of 

International Trade) 

The CIT sustained the Commission's affirmative determination with 

further explanation after remand in 

Fresh and Chilled Atlantic Salmon 

from Norway, Inv. Nos. 701-TA-302 

(final) and 731-TA-454 (final) [see 

USITC publication 2371 (April 1991)]. 

Although the Court disapproved of 

certain specific findings by the Commission, it upheld the Commission's 

determination based upon the significant volume of subject imports during 

the period of investigation and uncontroverted record evidence that the 

effects of past sales of Norwegian 

salmon continued to adversely impact 

the domestic industry. 

Kern-Liebers USA, Inc. v. United 

States, Consol. Court No. 

93-09-00552-/NJ(Courtof 

International Trade) 

This consolidated case included a 

challenge to the Commission's affirmative threat determination in ColdRolled Carbon Steel Products from 

Korea, Inv. Nos. 701-TA-342, 

731-TA-607 (final) [see USITC 

publication 2664 (August 1993)]. With 

respect to that investigation, the CIT 

found that the Commission's determination was supported by substantial 

evidence and that the methodologies 

employed by individual Commissioners were reasonable. Appeals to the 

Court of Appeals for the Federal 

Circuit (Federal Circuit) are pending 

with respect to the remaining investigations subsumed in this consolidated 

case. 

Nippon Steel Corp.; Kawasaki Steel 

Corp.; Kobe Steel, Ltd.; Nisshin 

Steel Co., Ltd.; NKK Corp.; Sumito 

Metal Industries, Ltd. et al. v. 

United States, Consol. Court No. 

93-09-00555-/NJ(Courtof 

International Trade) 

The CIT affirmed the Commission's affirmative determination in 

Certain Flat-Rolled Carbon Steel 

77 
The CIT affirmed the CommisS OI U g S, ij ettlil aAg apIIIM UR

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Z., 
Cases arising from 

antidumping and 

countervailing duty 

investigations 1 22 

Cases arising from 

section 337 

determinations 7 

Total 29 

1 All cases filed by different parties 

that have been consolidated by the court 

are counted only as a single piece of 

litigation. Thus, the actual number of 

complaints filed is greater than the 

number given above. 

By comparison, at the end of 

FY 1994, there were 24 pending cases 

arising from antidumping and countervailing duty investigations, six arising 

from section 337 determinations, and 

one arising from other subjects, for a 

total of 31. 

80 
N 31 LIBU111

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