COURT OF APPEALS

SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS

FORT WORTH

NO. 02-14-00047-CR

NO. 02-14-00048-CR

NO. 02-14-00049-CR

NO. 02-14-00050-CR

NO. 02-14-00051-CR

GILBERT JUNIOR COLLINS A/K/A 

GILBERT JOUINOR COLLINS

APPELLANT

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE

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FROM CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT NO. 3 OF TARRANT COUNTY

TRIAL COURT NOS. 1324826D, 1324831D, 1324834D, 1324837D, 1324842D

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CONCURRING OPINION

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Although I concur in the judgment, I write separately to address appellant’s 

third and fourth issues regarding the trial court’s refusal to give the jury an article 

38.23 jury instruction on plain view because I do not believe the trial court erred.
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Regarding the State’s argument that appellant was estopped from seeking 

an article 38.23 instruction, the following exchange occurred during the State’s 

questioning of one of the officers who served the warrant:

[Appellant’s counsel]: Your Honor, before questioning

proceeds, may I address the Court at the bench?

THE COURT: Yes.

(At the bench, on the record.)

[Appellant’s counsel]: Your Honor, I just want to ask for a 

running objection to the items that are located in the room and make 

it clear that we’re not consenting to the relitigation --

THE COURT: Right.

[Appellant’s counsel]: -- of the motion to suppress.

THE COURT: Right. That’s granted.

[Appellant’s counsel]: Thank you.

THE COURT: Okay.

[Prosecutor]: Objection’s overruled[?]

THE COURT: Yes.

Despite indicating that he was not consenting to the relitigation of the motion to 

suppress, appellant’s counsel nevertheless simultaneously objected––and 

requested a running objection––to the admission of the items found in the room

into evidence. During the trial, appellant’s counsel questioned the officers 

involved in the search extensively regarding whether they could actually see the 

gun when they entered the room, based on its location in relation to other items 
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around it and the officers’ positions in the room. He also questioned witnesses 

regarding the circumstances of appellant’s and Lisa’s living arrangements.

A pretrial motion to suppress and a trial objection to the admission of 

evidence both challenge the admissibility of evidence. Holmes v. State, 248 

S.W.3d 194, 199 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008). But a defendant’s entitlement to an 

article 38.23 instruction concerns whether the jury should consider evidence 

already admitted, and we determine whether a material fact issue has been

raised (and whether an instruction should have been given) based on the state of 

the admitted evidence. Id. Therefore, an objection to the admissibility of 

evidence––via pretrial motion to suppress or contemporaneous trial objection––is 

not a prerequisite to a request for an article 38.23 jury instruction. Id. at 202. I 

agree, then, that appellant’s counsel was not estopped from requesting an article 

38.23 jury instruction because he told the trial court he did not intend to relitigate 

the “motion to suppress.”

However, I would hold that the trial court did not err by refusing to give the 

instruction on plain view because appellant did not raise a contested fact issue 

material to the lawfulness of the seizure. Appellant argued that the gun was not 

in plain view––and that he raised a fact issue as to whether it was––based on 

State’s exhibits 35 and 36, photographs of the area around the bed in which the 

gun is not visible. But the State also introduced exhibit 43, a photograph of the 

bed from a greater distance and different angle that clearly shows the gun was in 

plain view. No witness testified that the gun was blocked from view, obscured by 
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any other item, or that it had been moved before the photograph in exhibit 43 

was taken.

The majority author concludes that the evidence raised a material factual 

dispute solely because of the admission of exhibits 35 and 36. But the fact that 

two photographs were taken that did not show the gun does not show a factual 

dispute or contradict the officers’ unequivocal testimony that they saw the gun 

upon entering the room. See Hamal v. State, 390 S.W.3d 302, 307 (Tex. Crim. 

App. 2012); Oursbourn v. State, 259 S.W.3d 159, 177 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008) 

(clarifying that a factual dispute is “raised only by affirmative evidence, not by 

mere cross-examination questions or argument”). Accordingly, I would hold that 

the trial court did not err by refusing to submit an article 38.23 instruction on plain 

view.

For the reasons stated above, I concur in the judgment only as to issues 

three and four.

/s/ Terrie Livingston

TERRIE LIVINGSTON

CHIEF JUSTICE

GABRIEL, J., joins.

PUBLISH

DELIVERED: April 23, 2015