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U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | National Marine Fisheries Service

Status of Stocks

2010 Report on the Status of U.S. Fisheries

Science, Service, Stewardship

noaa

fisheries

service
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE

2010 REPORT TO CONGRESS

THE STATUS OF U.S. FISHERIES

As mandated by the Sustainable Fisheries Act amendment to

the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1996

July, 2011

U.S. Department of Commerce

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Marine Fisheries Service

Office of Sustainable Fisheries
U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service

NOAA 

FISHERIES

SERVICE

Results

Overfishing

Yes : 40 fisheries

No: 213 fisheries

Overfished

Yes: 48 fisheries

No: 159 fisheries

Rebuilt

3 fisheries, including Spiny dogfish of the 

Atlantic Coast, Haddock in Georges Bank, 

and Pollack in the Gulf of Maine and 

Georges Bank.

R eport on the S tatus of U.S . F is heries for 2010

A Message from NOAA Assistant Administrator for Fisheries

The year 2010 was a watershed year in U.S. fisheries management and our national commitment to 

sustainable fisheries and seafood. We implemented measures to end overfishing and are 

implementing stronger measures to prevent overfishing on all U.S. stocks. 

We are also making significant progress to fully rebuild overfished stocks. 

As NOAA’s Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, I am privileged to 

present the 2010 report on the status of U.S. fisheries.

This report reflects the continued hard work of NOAA’s National Marine 

Fisheries Service (NMFS), the eight regional Fishery Management 

Councils, our Interstate Marine Fisheries Commission partners, as well as 

commercial and recreational fishermen, to rebuild and sustain our marine 

fisheries for the benefit of the Nation. The commercial and recreational 

fisheries require healthy and abundant fish stocks and marine ecosystems in 

order to provide viable and sustainable jobs, food, and recreational 

opportunities.

This year, the report highlights one of the most challenging efforts that NMFS and the Councils 

have undertaken since implementation of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and 

Management Act in 1976. When the Act was reauthorized in 2007, it required implementation of 

annual catch limits and accountability measures to end and prevent overfishing. These provisions 

move us away from a management system that too frequently resulted in overfishing. Implementing 

annual catch limits to end overfishing requires, in many cases, difficult decisions and short-term 

sacrifices on the part of commercial and recreational fishermen. However, in the long term, ending 

and preventing overfishing will result in sustainable fisheries that support more stable jobs and 

recreational opportunities.

Notably, the majority of our domestic fish stocks are not subject to overfishing and are not 

overfished. While we have implemented the measures to end overfishing, 40 stocks will still be 

listed as subject to overfishing until we can scientifically assess them and update their status, and 

work remains to rebuild the 48 stocks that are overfished.

We will continue to work with the Councils and Commissions to implement annual catch limits that 

are supported by the best available science, rebuild and manage fish stocks at sustainable levels, and 

ensure that the Nation benefits from sustainable and productive fisheries now and for our future 

generations. We appreciate the support of Congress, our state partners, stakeholders, and 

constituencies as we work to accomplish these goals and standards as set forth in the MagnusonStevens Act.

Eric C. Schwaab

S cience, S ervice, S tewards hip

NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FIGURE 1. MAP OF 2010 STOCKS SUBJECT TO OVERFISHING..................................................................................V

FIGURE 2. MAP OF 2010 OVERFISHED STOCKS. .....................................................................................................VI

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

USING THE BEST AVAILABLE DATA.........................................................................................................................4

OVERFISHING STATUS............................................................................................................................................ 6

OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 6

CHANGES IN OVERFISHING STATUS............................................................................ 6

OVERFISHED STATUS ............................................................................................................................................. 7

OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 7

CHANGES IN OVERFISHED STATUS ............................................................................. 7

BIOMASS AND REBUILDING...................................................................................................................................8

CHANGES IN BIOMASS LEVELS AND REBUILT STOCKS ....................................................... 8

BIOMASS AND MORTALITY TRENDS IN STOCKS UNDER REBUILDING PLANS............................... 8

IMPLEMENTING ANNUAL CATCH LIMITS................................................................................................................9

NORTHEAST REGION .......................................................................................... 12

SOUTHEAST REGION........................................................................................... 13

SOUTHWEST REGION .......................................................................................... 14

NORTHWEST REGION.......................................................................................... 15

PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION..................................................................................... 16

ALASKA REGION............................................................................................... 17

ATLANTIC HIGHLY MIGRATORY SPECIES................................................................... 18

STOCK STATUS COMPARISON BETWEEN 2009 AND 2010.................................................... 19

NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of 

Figure 1. Map of 2010 stocks subject to overfishing.
vi | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of US Fisheries

Figure 2. Map of 2010 overfished stocks.

New England

1. Atlantic cod – Georges Bank

2. Atlantic halibut

3. Atlantic salmon1

4. Atlantic wolffish1

5. Ocean pout 

6. Smooth skate

7. Thorny skate

8. White hake 

9. Yellowtail flounder – Georges Bank

10. Yellowtail flounder – Southern New England/Mid-At

11. Yellowtail flounder – Cape Cod/Gulf of Maine

12. Windowpane - Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank

13. Winter flounder - Georges Bank

14. Winter flounder - Southern New England/Mid-Atlant

15. Witch flounder

Mid-Atlantic

1. Butterfish (Atlantic)

South Atlantic

1. Black sea bass

2. Pink Shrimp

3. Red grouper

4. Red Porgy

5. Red snapper

6. Snowy grouper Gulf of Mexico

1. Gag

2. Gray triggerfish

3. Greater amberjack

4. Red snapper Caribb

1. Gro

2. Gro

3. Gro

4. Que

Pacific

1. Canary rockfish

2. Cowcod

3. Petrale sole

4. Chinook salmon - California 

Central Valley: Sacramento (fall)1

5. Coho salmon - Washington Coast: 

Queets1

6. Coho salmon - Washington Coast: 

Western Strait of Juan de Fuca1

7. Yelloweye rockfish

Western Pacific

1. Seamount Groundfish Complex – Hancock Seamount

North Pacific

1. Blue king crab – Pribilof Islands

2. Southern Tanner crab - Bering Sea

Highly Migra

1. Albacore – 

2. Blacknose 

3. Blue marlin 

4. Bluefin tun

5. Dusky sha

6. Porbeagle 

7. Sandbar s

8. White marl

U.S. Department of Commerce

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Marine Fisheries Service

Office of Sustainable Fisheries

1 Non-FSSI stock 2 Stock is fished by U.S. and International fleets

Red = Stocks that are also Subject to Overfishing
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 1

Executive Summary

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act requires that NOAA’s National Marine 

Fisheries Service (NMFS) report annually to Congress and the eight Regional Fishery Management Councils on the 

status of fisheries (Sec. 304(e)(1)). This report fulfills that requirement.

The information in this report was generated by the NMFS regional offices and science centers based on the most 

recent stock assessments as of December 31, 2010. Status determinations are generally made during a formal review 

of a scientific stock assessment using the best available scientific information and status determination criteria 

specified in a fishery management plan.

Stocks identified in this report are characterized under two broad categories: (1) subject to overfishing and (2) 

overfished. A stock that is subject to overfishing has a fishing mortality (harvest) rate above the level that provides 

for the maximum sustainable yield (i.e., rate of removals is too high). A stock that is overfished has a biomass level 

below a biological threshold specified in its fishery management plan (i.e., the population is too low).

For 2010, NMFS reviewed the 5281 individual stocks and stock complexes that are currently managed within 462

federal fishery management plans nationwide. Determinations of both overfishing and overfished status could be 

made for 197 stocks and complexes. An additional 65 stocks or stock complexes have either a known overfishing 

determination or a known overfished determination. The number of stocks listed as subject to overfishing or 

overfished have both increased by 2 compared to the 2009 report (see chart below).3

Overfishing

Of the 253 stocks or stock complexes for which an overfishing 

determination could be made, 213 (84%) are not subject to 

overfishing and 40 (16%) are subject to overfishing.

Overfished

Of the 207 stocks or stock complexes for which an overfished 

determination could be made, 159 (77%) are not overfished4 and 

48 (23%) are overfished.

Rebuilding

NMFS tracks the biomass trends for overfished stocks to monitor rebuilding progress. In 2010, three stocks have 

fully rebuilt to 100% of their BMSY levels, bringing the total number of stocks rebuilt since 2000 to 21. In addition, 

NMFS uses the ratio of the current stock biomass (B) compared to BMSY to indicate sustainability. NMFS considers 

a B/BMSY ratio of 80% or greater as a sustainable biomass level capable of supporting MSY in the long term. In 

2010, three additional stocks were determined to have B/BMSY ratios greater than 80%.

 

1

Compare to 522 in the 2009 report: adds Atlantic wolfish, Kamchatka flounder, 4 crustacean stock complexes, a lobster complex, and 1 squid 

complex, and removes a lobster complex and spanner crab.

2 The Gulf of Mexico Aquaculture FMP is in place, but not included in this report since no stocks are managed in it. That FMP would bring the 

total number to 47.

3 Much of the increase reflects the formal reporting of status changes for Northeast stocks that were assessed in 2008. However, the status 

determination criteria specified in the Northeast Multispecies Fishery Management Plan (FMP) had to be changed by a plan amendment before 

those status changes could be formally reported. That amendment was completed in 2010. Management actions to end overfishing and begin 

rebuilding for the overfished stocks are already in place for that FMP, as well as for others. The status changes are detailed in Tables 2 and 3 of 

this report.

4

This number includes 5 stocks that are approaching an overfished condition.

Summary of Changes

2009 2010 

Subject to 

Overfishing 38 (15%) 40 (16%)

Overfished 46 (23%) 48 (23%)
2 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Tracking Progress

NMFS measures the sustainability of our Nation’s fisheries through the Fish Stock Sustainability Index (FSSI). The 

FSSI measures the performance of 230 key stocks, and the score increases as additional assessments are conducted, 

overfishing is ended, and stocks rebuild to the level that provides maximum sustainable yield. The FSSI was first 

reported in September 2005, with a score of 481.5 and an end-of-year score of 495.5. The value of the FSSI has been 

calculated back to 2000. Out of 920 possible points, the index increased from 357.5 in 2000 to 583 in 2010 (see 

Figure 1). The 63% increase in the FSSI in 10 years represents significant progress in sustainably managing our 

fisheries. More information about the FSSI is available online at: 

http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/statusoffisheries/SOSmain.htm.

Figure 3. Fish Stock Sustainability Index (FSSI) for 230 key stocks.

357.5 369.5

413.5

431.5

456

495.5 506.5

531

555.5

573 583

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

FSSI

Year
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 3

Introduction

This report describes the state of our Nation’s marine fisheries and the effectiveness of fisheries management under 

the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, Public Law 94-294 (MSA), as amended in 1996 

by the Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) and again by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management 

Reauthorization Act of 2006. The SFA emphasized the need to end overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, and 

establish management plans designed to ensure biologically and economically sustainable fisheries. A stock that is 

subject to overfishing has a fishing mortality (harvest) rate above the level that provides for the maximum 

sustainable yield (i.e., rate of removals is too high). A stock that is overfished has a biomass level below its 

prescribed biological threshold (i.e., population size is too low). While the MSA establishes the term “overfished,” 

such status may occur due to environmental factors and may not be the result solely of overfishing.

The reauthorized MSA added new requirements for annual catch 

limits and accountability measures to end and prevent overfishing in 

all U.S. fisheries. These measures were required to be established by 

2010 for all stocks subject to overfishing and by 2011 for all other 

stocks, except for stocks with annual life cycles or those managed 

under international agreements to which the United States is a party.

This report fulfills the congressional requirement in Sec. 304(e)(1)

of the MSA for an annual report on the status of fisheries within 

each Council’s geographic area of authority and to identify fisheries 

that are overfished or approaching a condition of being overfished.

This report lists the managed marine fish stocks in the U.S. 

Exclusive Economic Zone5

, including stocks that straddle international boundaries and highly migratory stocks. In 

response to the congressional requirement, the report categorizes stocks according to their status. The report answers 

four principal questions which help determine the effectiveness of management measures in meeting the provisions 

of the MSA:

1. What stocks are subject to overfishing?

2. What stocks are overfished?

3. What stocks are approaching an overfished condition?

4. How do this year’s determinations compare to last year?

Information on fishing mortality and biomass trends for stocks in rebuilding plans—which can show whether

management measures to end overfishing are working and whether the biomass of the stock is rebuilding as 

planned—is available online at http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/statusoffisheries/SOSmain.htm.

Additional information on many important federally managed fish stocks, particularly those of interest to seafood 

consumers, is available online at our FishWatch website: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/fishwatch/#.

 5 The U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone generally extends from 3 to 200 nautical miles offshore and covers more than 2 million square miles.

Overfishing

The rate of removal from a stock is too 

high.

Overfished

The population is too low, below a 

prescribed threshold.
4 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Using the Best Available Data

A stock assessment is the analysis of the abundance and composition of a fish stock, which informs managers on the 

appropriate level of harvest to ensure sustainability of the stock. Stock assessments use the best available data from 

fishery landings, scientific surveys, and biological and ecological studies. An assessment typically undergoes

thorough peer review before it is used by the Council’s Scientific and Statistical Committee to provide the Council 

with fishing level recommendations. Information on the methodology used for status determinations can be found in 

Appendix 1, and information on the specific science used to make the determinations can be found in Appendix 4. 

These appendices are also available online at http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/statusoffisheries/SOSmain.htm. 

For this report, NMFS reviewed each stock relative to the status determination criteria (SDC) contained in the 

relevant fishery management plan (FMP)6

. Some of these reviews used the results of stock assessments and some 

used other information —such as trawl survey data or total catch data—as specified by the SDC. Some SDCs apply 

to an individual stock; in other cases SDCs apply to a group of similar species harvested together or sharing a 

similar life history. These groups are referred to as stock complexes, units, or assemblages. Such groupings are 

useful when individual stocks cannot be assessed due to a lack of data. The status of individual stocks in a complex 

may be determined using the SDC of one or more appropriate indicator stocks in the complex, or the SDC may 

apply to the complex as a whole.

In 2010, NMFS reviewed status determinations on 189 stocks and stock complexes. Four of these stocks now have 

known overfishing determinations in 2010—that is, their overfishing determination was previously unknown. Five 

additional stocks have overfished determinations in 2010—that is, their overfished determination was previously 

unknown/undefined. Of those stocks with new determinations, three are not subject to overfishing and three are not 

overfished. Management action is underway to address the stocks that were newly determined to be subject to 

overfishing or overfished.

This year’s report is based on assessments completed as of December 31, 2010. Results from fishery stock 

assessments in progress on that date will be summarized in next year’s report. The status of all 528 stocks and stock 

complexes is summarized in Table 1. 

 6

Some stocks in the Southeast Region have status determinations based on criteria not contained in the FMP because it is the best scientific 

information available for such data-poor stocks. Alaska SDCs are generally specified in the annual Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation 

(SAFE) Report, rather than in the FMP itself. 
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 5

Table 1. Number and status of FSSI and non-FSSI stocks in 2010 by Council. 

Council

Stock 

Group

Total # of 

Stocks 

Reviewed

Overfishing Overfished

Yes No

Not

Known

Not 

Defined N/A Yes No

Approaching 

Overfished 

Condition

Not 

Known

Not 

Defined N/A

New England Total 36 10 21 3 2 0 15 19 0 2 0 0

FSSI 34 10 20 2 2 0 13 19 0 2 0 0

NonFSSI 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

Mid-Atlantic Total 11 0 11 0 0 0 1 9 0 1 0 0

FSSI 11 0 11 0 0 0 1 9 0 1 0 0

NonFSSI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

New England / 

Mid-Atlantic

Total 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

FSSI 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

NonFSSI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South Atlantic Total 84 9 21 54 0 0 6 8 1 62 7 0

FSSI 21 9 11 1 0 0 6 7 1 7 0 0

NonFSSI 63 0 10 53 0 0 0 1 0 55 7 0

Gulf of 

Mexico

Total 53 4 16 32 1 0 4 8 0 1 40 0

FSSI 17 4 10 3 0 0 4 7 0 0 6 0

NonFSSI 36 0 6 29 1 0 0 1 0 1 34 0

South Atlantic 

/ Gulf of 

Mexico

Total 13 0 11 1 1 0 0 8 0 3 2 0

FSSI 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 7 0 2 1 0

NonFSSI 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

Caribbean Total 22 5 1 16 0 0 4 0 2 16 0 0

FSSI 8 4 1 3 0 0 4 0 1 3 0 0

NonFSSI 14 1 0 13 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0

Pacific Total 168 1 51 62 1 53 7 45 0 60 3 53

FSSI 48 1 34 12 1 0 4 31 0 10 3 0

NonFSSI 120 0 17 50 0 53 3 14 0 50 0 53

Western

Pacific

Total 40 0 10 25 5 0 1 8 0 26 5 0

FSSI 16 0 7 9 0 0 1 7 0 8 0 0

NonFSSI 24 0 3 16 5 0 0 1 0 18 5 0

Pacific / 

Western 

Pacific

Total 10 2 2 6 0 0 0 4 0 6 0 0

FSSI 6 2 2 2 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 0

NonFSSI 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0

North Pacific Total 63 0 55 1 7 0 2 31 0 3 27 0

FSSI 35 0 35 0 0 0 2 29 0 0 4 0

NonFSSI 28 0 20 1 7 0 0 2 0 3 23 0

Pacific /

North Pacific

Total 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

FSSI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NonFSSI 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Atlantic 

HMS*

Total 24 9 11 4 0 0 8 10 2 4 0 0

FSSI 21 9 10 2 0 0 8 9 2 2 0 0

NonFSSI 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0

Total 528 40 213 204 48 53 48 154 5 184 84 53

FSSI 230 39 154 34 3 0 43 132 4 37 14 0

NonFSSI 298 1 59 170 15 53 5 22 1 147 70 53

*HMS = highly migratory species.

Not Known: Stocks for which there is an approved overfishing definition, but for which no determination can be made because of insufficient information.

Not Defined: Stocks contained in FMPs for which the overfishing definitions were fully disapproved, are still under review, or have yet to be proposed.
6 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Overfishing Status

Overview

Of the 528 stocks or stocks complexes reviewed in 2010:

• 253 have a known overfishing status. 

o 213 (84%) stocks or stock complexes are not subject to overfishing. 

o 40 (16%) stocks or stock complexes are subject to overfishing.

• 275 have overfishing thresholds not defined or applicable, or the overfishing status is unknown. 

Changes in Overfishing Status

Three NMFS regions had stocks with overfishing status changes from 2009 to 2010 (see Table 2). 

Table 2. Changes in overfishing status from 2009 to 2010.

Region

Total # of 

stocks Stock Change from 2009-2010

Northeast

1 Yellowtail flounder - Georges Bank no longer subject to overfishing

3 

Windowpane - Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank

Windowpane - Southern New England / Mid-Atlantic

Witch flounder - Northwestern Atlantic Coast

now subject to overfishing

1 Atlantic halibut – Northwestern Atlantic Coast not subject to overfishing (was previously listed 

as unknown)

1 Winter flounder – Gulf of Maine Is unknown (was previously listed as not subject 

to overfishing)

Southeast

1 Black grouper - Southern Atlantic Coast no longer subject to overfishing

1 Black grouper - Gulf of Mexico not subject to overfishing (was previously listed 

as unknown)

Northwest 1 Pacific cod – Pacific not subject to overfishing (was previously listed 

as unknown)

Southwest/

Pacific 

Islands

1 Pacific bluefin tuna - Pacific SW/PI subject to overfishing (was previously listed as 

unknown)
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 7

Overfished Status

Overview 

Of the 528 stocks or stocks complexes reviewed in 2010:

• 207 have a known overfished status.

o 159 (77%) stocks or stock complexes are not overfished

o 5 stocks are approaching an overfished condition. 

o 48 (23%) stocks or stock complexes are overfished.

• 321 have overfished thresholds not defined or applicable, or the overfished status is unknown.

Changes in Overfished Status

Five NMFS regions had stocks with overfished status changes from 2009 to 2010 (see Table 3).

Table 3. Changes in overfished status from 2009 to 2010.

Region

Total # of 

stocks Stock Change from 2009-2010

Northeast

1 Haddock - Georges Bank no longer overfished, Rebuilt

4

Haddock - Gulf of Maine 

American plaice - Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank

Cod - Gulf of Maine 

Windowpane - Southern New England/Mid-Atlantic

no longer overfished, are rebuilding

3

Windowpane - Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank 

Witch flounder - Northwestern Atlantic Coast 

Winter flounder - Georges Bank

now overfished

1 Atlantic wolffish - Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank

overfished (was previously unknown; this stock is 

newly contained in the Northeast Multispecies 

FMP)

1 Winter flounder – Gulf of Maine Is unknown (was previously listed as not 

overfished)

Southeast

1 Red grouper - Southern Atlantic Coast overfished (was previously listed as unknown)

1 Black grouper - Southern Atlantic Coast not overfished (was previously unknown)

1 Black grouper - Gulf of Mexico not overfished (was previously undefined)

Northwest 1 Chinook salmon - California Central Valley: 

Sacramento (fall) now overfished

Southwest/

Pacific 

Islands

1 Pacific bluefin tuna - Pacific SW/PI not overfished with B/BMSY>80% (was previously 

unknown)

Alaska 1 Southern Tanner crab - Bering Sea overfished (was previously approaching an 

overfished condition)7

 7

The basis for determining whether a stock is approaching an overfished condition is a comparison of the current stock biomass and trends in 

fishing effort to determine whether the stock is likely to become overfished within 2 years.
8 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Biomass and Rebuilding 

Biomass is an important measure of a stock’s abundance and sustainability. For overfished stocks, tracking biomass 

trends is used as an indicator of rebuilding progress. The NMFS Fish Stock Sustainability Index8 (FSSI) established 

a ratio of the current stock biomass (B) to the biomass that supports the maximum sustainable yield (BMSY) as an 

indicator of sustainability. Stocks with a B/BMSY above 80% are considered to be within the range of natural 

fluctuation around BMSY, which is defined as a long-term average.

Changes in Biomass Levels and Rebuilt Stocks

Two NMFS regions had stocks with biomass increases to above 80% of BMSY from 2009 to 2010 (see . Table 4).

Table 4. Changes in biomass levels from 2009 to 2010.

Region

Total # of 

stocks Stock Change from 2009-2010

Northeast

3

Haddock – Georges Bank

Spiny dogfish – Atlantic coast

Pollock – Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank

Rebuilt

1 Winter skate – Georges Bank/Southern New England B/BMSY now above 80% (was previously not 

estimated)

Southeast 2 Black grouper - Southern Atlantic Coast

Black grouper - Gulf of Mexico

B/BMSY now above 80% (was previously not Southwest/ estimated)

Pacific 

Islands

1 Pacific bluefin tuna - Pacific SW/PI

Alaska 1 Red King Crab – Pribilof Islands B/BMSY now below 80%

Biomass and Mortality Trends in Stocks under Rebuilding Plans

Section 304(e)(7) of the MSA requires that the Secretary review rebuilding progress at routine intervals that may not 

exceed 2 years. The most recent information on trends in fishing mortality (F) and biomass (B) for stocks under 

rebuilding plans is available online at http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/statusoffisheries/SOSmain.htm.

 8

The FSSI is a performance measure developed by NMFS to assess the sustainability of 230 U.S. fish stocks selected for their importance to 

commercial and recreational fisheries. 
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 9

Implementing Annual Catch Limits

With the reauthorization of the MSA in 2007, Congress gave NMFS and the Councils a mandate to implement 

annual catch limits (ACL), including measures to ensure accountability, at a level such that overfishing does not 

occur in a fishery. In January 2009, NMFS published revised National Standard 1 Guidelines9 to address these new 

requirements and aid the Councils in developing ACLs and accountability measures (AMs) to end and prevent 

overfishing, and achieve optimum yield. The MSA required ACLs to end overfishing in fisheries subject to 

overfishing by 2010, and in all other fisheries by 2011, with limited exceptions10.

For 2010, FMPs were required to implement ACLs for the 2010 fishing year. All of those FMPs have ACLs or 

measures in place to end overfishing.

11 Table 5 shows the status of ACL implementation for each FMP.

 9

The guidelines (50 CFR Part 600.310) can be viewed at: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/msa2007/docs/acl_final_rule.pdf. 10Exceptions specified in reauthorized MSA section 104(b), unless otherwise provided for under an international agreement in which the United 

States participates, and species that have a life cycle of approximately 1 year unless the Secretary has determined the fishery is subject to 

overfishing of that species. 11 ACL implementation for Caribbean stocks listed as subject to overfishing is pending due to a review under Section 7 of the Endangered 

Species Act. Although management measures to end overfishing have been in place since 2005 (see 70 FR 62073),an assessment is needed to 

verify that overfishing has ended.
10 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Table 5. Progress in implementing annual catch limits or measures to end overfishing for stocks and complexes (as 

of December 31, 2010).

Council FMP

MSA Deadline Implementation Status

As of Dec 31, 2010

Implementation Dates

Final Rule Published

2010 2011

New England

Northeast Skate X Completed 06/16/2010

Atlantic Herring X -

Atlantic Salmon X Exception NA

Atlantic Sea Scallop X

Red Crab X

Monkfish X

Northeast Multispecies Groundfish X In place 04/09/2010

Small-mesh Multispecies Component X

Mid Atlantic

Omnibus Amendment

Spiny Dogfish X

Summer flounder, Scup & Black Sea Bass X

Atlantic Bluefish X

Surfclam & Ocean Quahog X

Mackerel, Squid, & Butterfish X

Tilefish X

South Atlantic

Snapper Grouper X In place 12/09/2010 and 12/30/2010

Coastal Migratory Pelagics X

Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live/Hard Bottom Habitats X

Shrimp X Exception NA

Spiny Lobster X

Comprehensive Amendment

Dolphin Wahoo X

Golden Crab X

Sargassum X

Snapper Grouper X

Gulf of Mexico

Aquaculture *

Reef Fish x In place 01/29/2008, 07/03/2008, and 04/16/2009

Stone Crab X Intend to repeal FMP NA

Generic Amendment

Coral and Coral Reefs X

Red Drum X

Reef Fish X

Shrimp X

Caribbean

Comprehensive Amendment

Queen Conch# X

Reef Fish# X

Comprehensive Amendment

Queen Conch X

Reef Fish X

Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates X

Spiny Lobster X

Atlantic 

HMS

Atlantic Highly Migratory Species X In place 06/24/2008 and 06/01/2010

North Pacific

Bering Sea & Aleutian Islands Groundfish X In place 10/06/2010

Gulf of Alaska Groundfish X In place 10/06/2010

Fish Resources of the Arctic Management Area X In place 11/03/2009

BSAI King and Tanner Crab X

Alaska Weathervane Scallops X

Alaska Salmon X

Pacific

Pacific Coast Groundfish X In place 12/15/2010

West Coast Salmon X

West Coast Highly Migratory Species X

Coastal Pelagic Species X

Western

Pacific

Omnibus Amendment

Hawaii Archipelago X

America Samoa X

Mariana Archipelago X
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 11

Council FMP

MSA Deadline Implementation Status

As of Dec 31, 2010

Implementation Dates

Final Rule Published

2010 2011

Pacific Remote Island Areas X

Pelagic Fisheries X

HMS = highly migratory species.

* While this FMP established MSY and OY levels, there are no species contained in the management unit that are not managed under another approved FMP. ACLs 

implemented for those FMPs will be used as proxies for this FMP.

# ACL implementation for stocks subject to overfishing is pending due to a review under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Although management measures 

to end overfishing have been in place since 2005 (see 70 FR 62073), an assessment is needed to verify that overfishing has ended.
12 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Status Determinations by Region

Northeast Region

Thirteen FMPs containing 50 stocks or complexes are managed by NMFS and the New England and Mid-Atlantic 

Fishery Management Councils. Within these FMPs, 10 stocks are subject to overfishing, 16 stocks are overfished, 

and no stocks are approaching an overfished condition (Table 6).

12

New England Mid-Atlantic

1. Atlantic Salmon

2. Atlantic Sea Scallop

3. Northeast Multispecies

4. Northeast Skate

5. Atlantic Herring

6. Red Crab

7. Monkfish

1. Atlantic Bluefish

2. Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish

3. Atlantic Surfclam and Ocean Quahog

4. Spiny Dogfish

5. Summer Flounder, Scup and Black Sea 

Bass

6. Tilefish

Table 6. Northeast Region stocks that are subject to overfishing, are overfished, or are approaching an overfished 

condition.

Council FMP Stock

Overfishing 

condition

Overfished Condition

Overfished Approaching 

New 

England

Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmon* x

Northeast Multispecies

cod - Georges Bank x x

cod - Gulf of Maine x

Atlantic halibut x

Atlantic wolffish x

ocean pout x

white hake x x

windowpane - GOM/GB x x

windowpane - SNE/MA x

winter flounder - GB x x

winter flounder - SNE/MA x x

witch flounder x x

yellowtail flounder - Cape Cod/GOM x x

yellowtail flounder - Georges Bank x

yellowtail flounder - SNE/MA x x

Northeast Skate thorny skate - Gulf of Maine x

smooth skate - Gulf of Maine x

Mid-Atlantic Atlantic Mackerel, 

Squid, and Butterfish

butterfish x

*No fishing is allowed in this fishery, or incidental harvest is limited to levels necessary to meet Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements. A Final Recovery Plan 

for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon has been developed under the ESA.

 12Assessment results for 19 stocks in the Northeast Multispecies FMP will not be used to make determinations until the FMP is amended to 

reflect the SDCs recommended in the assessment.
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 13

Southeast Region

Eighteen FMPs containing 172 stocks or complexes are managed by NMFS and the South Atlantic, Caribbean, and 

Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Councils. Within these FMPs, 18 stocks are subject to overfishing, 14 stocks 

are overfished, and three stocks are approaching an overfished condition (Table 7).

South Atlantic Gulf of Mexico Caribbean

1. Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live/Hard 

Bottom Habitats of the South 

Atlantic Region

2. Dolphin Wahoo

3. Pelagic Sargassum Habitat of the 

South Atlantic Region 

4. South Atlantic Golden Crab

5. South Atlantic Shrimp

6. South Atlantic Snapper Grouper

1. Aquaculture

2. Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the 

Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic

3. Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of 

Mexico 

4. Gulf of Mexico/South Atlantic 

Spiny Lobster

5. Gulf of Mexico Red Drum 

6. Gulf of Mexico Shrimp

7. Gulf of Mexico Stone Crab

8. Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of 

Mexico

1. Corals and Reef Associated 

Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the 

U.S. Virgin Islands 

2. Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and 

the U.S. Virgin Islands

3. Spiny Lobster Fishery of Puerto Rico 

and the U.S. Virgin Islands

4. Queen Conch Resources of Puerto 

Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Table 7. Southeast Region stocks that are subject to overfishing, are overfished, or are approaching an overfished 

condition.

Council FMP Stock

Overfishing 

condition

Overfished Condition

Overfished Approaching 

South 

Atlantic

South Atlantic Snapper 

Grouper

black sea bass x x

gag x x

red grouper x x

red porgy x

red snapper x x

snowy grouper x x

speckled hind x

tilefish x

vermilion snapper x

warsaw grouper x

South Atlantic Shrimp pink shrimp x

Gulf of 

Mexico

Reef Fish Resources of 

the Gulf of Mexico

gag x x

gray triggerfish x x

greater amberjack x x

red snapper x x

Caribbean

Reef Fish Fishery of 

Puerto Rico and the 

USVI

Grouper Unit 1 x x

Grouper Unit 2 x

Grouper Unit 4 x x

Snapper Unit 1 x x

Parrotfish complex x x

Queen Conch Resources 

of Puerto Rico and the 

USVI

queen conch x x
14 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Southwest Region

Two FMPs containing 19 stocks or complexes13 are managed by NMFS and the Pacific Fishery Management 

Council. Within these FMPs, three stocks are subject to overfishing, no stocks are overfished, and no stocks are 

approaching an overfished condition (Table 8).

Pacific

1. Coastal Pelagic Species

2. West Coast Highly Migratory Species

Table 8. Southwest Region stocks that are subject to overfishing, are overfished, or are approaching an overfished 

condition.

Council FMP Stock

Overfishing 

condition

Overfished Condition

Overfished Approaching 

Pacific

U.S. West Coast 

Fisheries for Highly 

Migratory Species

yellowfin tuna - Eastern Tropical Pacific x

Pacific / 

Western 

Pacific

U.S. West Coast 

Fisheries for Highly 

Migratory Species / 

Fishery Ecosystem Plan 

for Pacific Pelagic 

Fisheries of the Western 

Pacific Region

bigeye tuna - Pacific* x

Pacific bluefin tuna – Pacific* x

*This stock also appears in Table 10 as a stock subject to overfishing in the Pacific Islands Region’ s Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region FMP. Each of 

the 10 stocks shared between these two FMPs is listed only once in the support tables as a single stock managed under both FMPs. The Southwest and the Pacific 

Islands Regions, along with the Pacific and Western Pacific Fishery Management Councils, are working together to end overfishing in this stock.

 13Total includes 10 pelagic species shared with the Pacific Islands Region.
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 15

Northwest Region

Two FMPs containing 159 stocks or complexes are managed by NMFS and the Pacific Fishery Management 

Council. In addition, Pacific halibut is managed jointly with the Alaska Region and the International Pacific Halibut 

Commission. Within these FMPs, no stocks are subject to overfishing, seven stocks are overfished, and no stocks are

approaching an overfished condition (Table 9).

Pacific

1. Pacific Coast Groundfish

2. West Coast Salmon

Table 9. Northwest Region stocks that are subject to overfishing, are overfished, or are approaching an overfished 

condition.

Council FMP Stock

Overfishing 

condition

Overfished Condition

Overfished Approaching 

Pacific

Pacific Coast 

Groundfish

Canary rockfish x

cowcod x

Petrale sole x

yelloweye rockfish x

Pacific Coast Salmon

Chinook salmon - California Central 

Valley: Sacramento (fall)

x

coho salmon - Washington Coast: Queets x

coho salmon - Washington Coast: 

Western Strait of Juan de Fuca

x
16 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Pacific Islands Region

Five FEPs14 containing 50 stocks or complexes15 are managed by NMFS and the Western Pacific Fishery 

Management Council. Within these FEPs, two stocks or stock complexes are subject to overfishing, one stock or 

stock complex is overfished, and no stocks or stock complexes are approaching an overfished condition (Table 10).

Western Pacific

1. American Samoa Archipelago

2. Hawaii Archipelago

3. Mariana Archipelago

4. Pacific Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region

5. Pacific Remote Island Areas

Table 10. Pacific Islands Region stocks that are subject to overfishing, are overfished, or are approaching an overfished condition.

Council FEP Stock

Overfishing 

condition

Overfished Condition

Overfished Approaching 

Pacific / 

Western 

Pacific

U.S. West Coast 

Fisheries for Highly 

Migratory Species /

Fishery Ecosystem Plan 

for Pacific Pelagic 

Fisheries of the Western 

Pacific Region

bigeye tuna - Pacific* x

Pacific bluefin tuna - Pacific* x

Western 

Pacific

Fishery Ecosystem Plan 

for the Hawaii 

Archipelago

Seamount Groundfish complex -

Hancock Seamount**

x

*This stock also appears in Table 8 as a stock subject to overfishing in the Southwest Region’s West Coast Highly Migratory Species FMP. Each of the 10 stocks 

shared between these two FMPs is listed only once in the support tables as a single stock managed under both FMPs. The Southwest and the Pacific Islands Regions, 

along with the Pacific and Western Pacific Fishery Management Councils, are working together to end overfishing in this stock.

**This stock complex uses pelagic armorhead as the indicator species of a three-species seamount groundfish complex that includes raftfish and alfonsin. There is no 

U.S. fishery for any of the species in this complex.

 14On January 14, 2010 (75 FR 2198), NMFS issued a final rule restructuring western Pacific fishery regulations to be consistent with five new 

area-specific fishery ecosystem plans (FEP). These FEPs were effective February 16, 2010, and replace the five existing FMPs. 15Total includes 10 pelagic species shared with the Southwest Region.
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 17

Alaska Region

Six FMPs containing 63 stocks or complexes are managed by NMFS and the North Pacific Fishery Management 

Council. In addition, Pacific halibut is managed jointly with the Northwest Region and the International Pacific 

Halibut Commission. Within these FMPs, no stocks or stock complexes are subject to overfishing, two stocks or 

stock complexes are overfished, and no stocks or stock complexes are approaching an overfished condition (Table 

11).

North Pacific

1. Alaska Salmon 

2. Alaska Weathervane Scallops

3. Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI) Groundfish

4. BSAI King and Tanner Crab

5. Fish Resources of the Arctic Management Area 

6. Gulf of Alaska Groundfish

Table 11. Alaska Region stocks that are subject to overfishing, are overfished, or are approaching an overfished 

condition.

Council FMP Stock

Overfishing 

condition

Overfished Condition

Overfished Approaching 

North Pacific BSAI King and Tanner 

Crab

blue king crab - Pribilof Islands x

Southern Tanner crab - Bering Sea x
18 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Atlantic Highly Migratory Species

One FMP containing 24 stocks or complexes are managed by NMFS. Within this FMP, nine stocks or stock 

complexes are subject to overfishing, eight stocks or stock complexes are overfished, and two stocks are 

approaching an overfished condition (Table 12).

Atlantic HMS

1. Consolidated Atlantic Highly Migratory Species

Table 12. Atlantic Highly Migratory stocks that are subject to overfishing, are overfished, or are approaching an 

overfished condition.

Council FMP Stock

Overfishing 

condition

Overfished Condition

Overfished Approaching 

Atlantic 

HMS

Consolidated Atlantic 

Highly Migratory 

Species

albacore - North Atlantic x x

blacknose shark - Atlantic x x

blue marlin - Atlantic x x

bluefin tuna - West Atlantic x x

dusky shark x x

Porbeagle shark x

sailfish - West Atlantic x

sandbar shark - Atlantic* x x

shortfin mako - Atlantic x x

white marlin - Atlantic x x

yellowfin tuna - Atlantic x

*This stock is part of the Large Coastal Shark complex, but is assessed separately.
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 19

Stock status comparison between 2009 and 2010 

Table 13 and 14 present a comparison between fish stocks with determinations of subject to overfishing and 

overfished for 2009 and 2010, respectively.

Table 13. Comparison of stocks or stock complexes with “subject to overfishing” determinations in 2009 and 2010.

Stocks in GREEN under “2009” were removed from the list in 2010. Stocks in RED under "2010" were added to the 

list in 2010.

COUNCIL

# of stocks reviewed 

in 2010 2009* 2010*

New England 36

cod - GB cod - GB

cod - GOM cod - GOM

white hake white hake

- WINDOWPANE – GOM/GB

- WINDOWPANE - SNE/MA

winter flounder – GB winter flounder - GB

winter flounder - SNE/MA winter flounder - SNE/MA

- WITCH FLOUNDER

YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER – GB -

yellowtail flounder - Cape Cod/GOM yellowtail flounder - Cape Cod/GOM

yellowtail flounder - SNE/MA yellowtail flounder - SNE/MA

Mid-Atlantic 11 - -

New England / MidAtlantic 3 - -

South Atlantic 84

BLACK GROUPER -

black sea bass black sea bass

gag gag

red grouper red grouper

red snapper red snapper

snowy grouper snowy grouper

speckled hind speckled hind

tilefish tilefish

vermilion snapper vermilion snapper

warsaw grouper warsaw grouper

Gulf of Mexico 53

gag gag 

gray triggerfish gray triggerfish

greater amberjack greater amberjack

red snapper red snapper

South Atlantic / Gulf 

of Mexico 13 - -

Caribbean 22

queen conch queen conch

Grouper Unit 1 Grouper Unit 1

Grouper Unit 4 Grouper Unit 4

Parrotfish complex Parrotfish complex

Snapper Unit 1 Snapper Unit 1

Pacific 168 yellowfin tuna – Eastern Pacific yellowfin tuna - Eastern Pacific

Western Pacific 40 - -

Pacific / Western 

Pacific 10 bigeye tuna – Pacific bigeye tuna - Pacific

BLUEFIN TUNA - PACIFIC

North Pacific 63 - -

Highly Migratory 

Species 24

albacore - North Atlantic albacore - North Atlantic

blacknose shark - Atlantic blacknose shark - Atlantic

blue marlin - Atlantic blue marlin - Atlantic

bluefin tuna - West Atlantic bluefin tuna - West Atlantic

dusky shark - Atlantic dusky shark - Atlantic 

sailfish - West Atlantic sailfish - West Atlantic

sandbar shark - Atlantic** sandbar shark - Atlantic**

shortfin mako - Atlantic shortfin mako - Atlantic

white marlin - Atlantic white marlin - Atlantic

*GB = Georges Bank; GOM = Gulf of Maine; SNE = Southern New England; MA = Mid-Atlantic; CC = Cape Cod.

**This stock is part of the Large Coastal Shark complex, but is assessed separately.
20 | NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries

Table 14. Stocks or stock complexes with “overfished” determinations in 2009 and 2010. Stocks in GREEN under 

“2009” were removed from the list in 2010. Stocks in RED under “2010” were added to the list in 2010.

COUNCIL

# of stocks reviewed 

in 2010** 2009* 2010*

New England 36

Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmon

AMERICAN PLAICE -

Atlantic halibut Atlantic halibut

- ATLANTIC WOLFFISH

COD - GOM -

cod - GB cod - GB

HADDOCK - GOM -

HADDOCK - GB -

ocean pout ocean pout

white hake white hake

WINDOWPANE FLOUNDER – SNE/MA -

- WINDOWPANE - GOM/GB

- WINTER FLOUNDER - GB

winter Flounder - SNE/MA winter flounder - SNE/MA

- WITCH FLOUNDER

yellowtail flounder - CC/GOM yellowtail flounder - CC/GOM

yellowtail flounder - GB yellowtail flounder - GB

yellowtail flounder - SNE/MA yellowtail flounder - SNE/MA

thorny skate - GOM thorny skate - GOM

smooth skate - GOM smooth skate - GOM

Mid-Atlantic 11 butterfish butterfish

New England / 

Mid-Atlantic 3 - -

South Atlantic 84

black sea bass black sea bass

- RED GROUPER

red porgy red porgy

red snapper red snapper

snowy grouper snowy grouper 

- -

pink shrimp** pink shrimp**

Gulf of Mexico 53

red snapper red snapper

greater amberjack greater amberjack

gray triggerfish gray triggerfish

gag gag

South Atlantic / 

Gulf of Mexico 13

None None

Caribbean 22

Grouper Unit 1 Grouper Unit 1

Grouper Unit 2 Grouper Unit 2

Grouper Unit 4 Grouper Unit 4 

queen conch queen conch

Pacific 168

canary rockfish canary rockfish 

Cowcod cowcod

Petrale sole Petrale sole

yelloweye rockfish yelloweye rockfish

- CHINOOK SALMON - CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY:

SACRAMENTO (FALL)

coho salmon - Washington Coast: Queets coho salmon - Washington Coast: Queets

coho salmon - Washington Coast: Western Strait of 

Juan de Fuca

coho salmon - Washington Coast: Western Strait of 

Juan de Fuca

Western Pacific 40 Seamount Groundfish complex - Hancock 

Seamounts

Seamount Groundfish complex - Hancock 

Seamounts

Pacific / Western 

Pacific 10 - -

North Pacific 63 blue king crab - Pribilof Islands blue king crab - Pribilof Islands

- SOUTHERN TANNER CRAB – BERING SEA

Highly Migratory 

Species 24

albacore - North Atlantic albacore - North Atlantic

blacknose shark - Atlantic blacknose shark - Atlantic

blue marlin – Atlantic blue marlin - Atlantic

bluefin tuna - West Atlantic bluefin tuna - West Atlantic

dusky shark dusky shark
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service – 2010 Status of U.S. Fisheries | 21

porbeagle shark porbeagle shark

sandbar shark – Atlantic** sandbar shark – Atlantic***

white marlin – Atlantic white marlin - Atlantic

*GB = Georges Bank; GOM = Gulf of Maine; SNE = Southern New England; MA = Mid-Atlantic; CC = Cape Cod. 

**Pink shrimp are an annual crop. An advisory panel concluded that the apparent decline in pink shrimp abundance appears to be due to environmental factors rather 

than to overfishing. 

***This stock is part of the Large Coastal Shark complex, but is assessed separately.

An online version of this report is available at 

http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/statusoffisheries/SOSmain.htm

This publication may be cited as:

NMFS, 2011, Annual Report to Congress on the Status of U.S. Fisheries-2010, U.S. Department 

of Commerce, NOAA, Natl., Mar. Fish. Serv., Silver Spring, MD, 21 pp.

Cover photo of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Shutterstock.com
U.S. Secretary of Commerce

Gary Locke

Administrator of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

and Undersecretary of Commerce

Dr. Jane Lubchenco

Assistant Administrator for Fisheries

National Marine Fisheries Service

Eric Schwaab

www.nmfs.noaa.gov

National Marine Fisheries Service

1315 East-West Highway

SSMC 3, F/SF, Room 9535

Silver Spring, MD 20910

U.S. Government – 2011