# SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

**Attachment 1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs & Performance Data** Last updated: 3/31/2015

**UOG TTR Figure/Table Tab Name**  **Description** Table A-1, Table B-2, Table B-8, TableB-13, Table B-16, Table B-22, Table B26, Table B-32 Tech. Purchase & Rental CostThis tab contains the maximum influent TDS concentration for cost effective operation, residual waste streams generated, and range of cost for UOG operators to purchase or rent, operate, and maintain the technology Table B-1 Filtration Treatment performance data for filtration in UOG wastewater applications.
Table B-6 ChemPrecip Treatment performance data for chemical precipitation in UOG wastewater applications.

Table B-11 EC Treatment performance data for electrocoagulation in UOG wastewater applications.

Table B-15 AOP Treatment performance data for advanced oxidation precipitation (AOP) in UOG wastewater applications.
Table B-19 EvapCond Treatment performance data for evaporation/condensation in UOG wastewater applications.

Table B-29 RO Treatment performance data for reverse osmosis (RO) in UOG wastewater applications.

Figure B-17 EvapCond Recovery (Data) Data for the Evaporation/Condensation graph on percent recovery (calculated).

Figure B-17 EvapCond Recovery (Graph)Graph of the percent recovery for evaporation/condensation technologies. Typical distillate recovery vs. influent TDS concentration. Table B-4, Table B-10, Table B-14, Table B-17, Table B-18, Table B-24, Table B-28, Table B-34 Vendor Units Vendor information for UOG extraction wastewater treatment technologies Table B-12, Table B-21, Table B-25, Table B-31 Energy Energy consumption of UOG extraction wastewater treatment technologies

Figure B-11 TDS Plot Shows general ranges of costs associated with the three TDS removal technologies versus influent TDS concentrations Sources are noted within each tab. Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies- DCN SGE00692. This attachment only includes data for tables/figures generated using aggregated data or calculated values.

Page 1 of 1SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

**UOG Wastewater Treatment Technology Purchase and Rental Costs**
Notes: Abbreviations: DAF - Dissolved air flotation; EC - Electrocoagulation; FO - Forward osmosis; N/A - Not applicable; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids Source: Noted in column K - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**Technology Vendor**  **Influent TDS (mg/L) System Description**  **Cost Basis Capacity (gpd)**  **Total Capital Cost ($) Capital**  **($/gpd) O&M ($/bbl)**  **Rental Cost ($/bbl) Reference**  **Notes**

Advanced Oxidation and PrecipitationHydrozonix N/A Mobile system Rental 4000000+ NR NR NR 0.50 to 0.75 SGE00705

Advanced Oxidation and PrecipitationEcosphere Ozonix N/A Mobile system Rental 4000000+ NR NR NR 0.60 to 1.30 SGE00331; SGE00647 Chemical Precipitation General N/A Plant Purchase 1,200,000 6,000,000 to 7,000,000 5 to 6 NR NA SGE00245 Chemical Precipitation General N/A Plant Purchase 400,000 3,500,000 8.8 NR NA SGE00245 Chemical Precipitation General N/A System Rental or Purchase NR NR NR 0.15 to 0.30 <2 SGE00070 Chemical Precipitation General N/A Unit Rental or Purchase 21,600 450,000 20.8 NR 0.5 to 3 SGE00095 Chemical Precipitation General N/A Unit Rental or Purchase 720,000 1,000,000 1.4 NR 0.5 to 3 SGE00095 Chemical Precipitation AquaPure Rover N/A Mobile system Rental 285,000 NR NR <1 2 to 4 SGE00415; SGE00239 Crystallization NR 100,000 Unit Purchase 210,000 7,000,000 33.33 NR NR SGE00300 Crystallization NR 110,000 to 130,000 Plant Rental or Purchase 250,000 30,000,000 120.00 3.50 11 to 22 SGE00238 Crystallization NR 40,000 to 150,000 System Purchase 250,000 11,316,000 45.26 3.70 NR SGE00306.A06 Crystallization GE ~130,000 Plant NR 1,000,000 NR NR NR 5 to 6.80 SGE00677

Crystallization General NR System Rental NR NR NR NR Adds 1 to 3 to evaporation/condensatio
n costs SGE00227

Electrocoagulation General N/A Mobile system with DAF Purchase 63,360 727,322 11.5 NR NR SGE00658 Capacity: System contains both EC and DAF. EC can only treat 63,360 gpd but the DAF can treat 168,480 gpd. Total Capital Cost: Cost of complete mobile system that included EC, DAF, and RO but with the cost for RO removed. Electrocoagulation General N/A Mobile system with filtration Purchase 100,800 400,000 4.0 0.25 NR SGE00661 Electrocoagulation General N/A Mobile system with filtration Purchase 144,000 600,000 4.2 0.25 NR SGE00661 Electrocoagulation General N/A System at a centralized facility Rental or Purchase 82,000 100,000 1.2 1.80 to 2.80 1.90 to 3.10 SGE00638.A12

Electrocoagulation Halliburton CleanWave N/A Mobile system Rental 1,000,000 NR NR 1.52 1 to 3 SGE00311.A01; SGE00638.A11 Electrocoagulation OriginOil Clean-Frac N/A Mobile system Rental NR NR NR 0.52 - 1.05 NR SGE00672 Evaporation/Condensation General 110,000 to 130,000 mobile system Rental or Purchase 60,000 6,000,000 100.00 2.40 5.40 SGE00238 Evaporation/Condensation AltelaRain 25,300 - 195,000 plant Rental or Purchase NR NR 8.00 0.14 to 0.89 5.24 SGE00124, SGE00110, SGE00264 Evaporation/Condensation AquaPure Nomad 45,000 to 80,000 plant Unknown 320,000 NR NR 2.58 5.00 to 6.00 SGE00415; SGE00616; SGE00421

Evaporation/Condensation AquaPure Nomad 45,000 to 80,000 mobile system Rental or Purchase 105,000 4,000,000 38.10 0.94 4.00 to 6.00 SGE00239 O&M: Estimated at $73,000 per month. Rental Cost: Equal to amortized capital cost ($79,000 per month) plus O&M costs. Evaporation/Condensation GE <128,000 mobile and plant Rental or Purchase NR NR NR 5 to 6.5 SGE00677 Evaporation/Condensation GE NR NR Rental or Purchase NR NR NR 2.5 to 5 SGE00230 Evaporation/Condensation GE NR NR Rental or Purchase 71,988 2,450,000 34.03 NR NR SGE00674 Evaporation/Condensation 212 Resources ~20,000 Plant Purchase 168,000 5,000,000 29.76 0.3 to 0.5 NR SGE00244 Evaporation/Condensation NR 10,000 to 80,000 Plant Rental or Purchase NR NR NR NR 2.57 to 4.5 SGE00095; SGE00421 Evaporation/Condensation Purestream 40,000 - 100,000 Mobile System Rental or Purchase 52,500 $2,200,000 to $2,300,000 22 to 44 1.30 2 to 3 SGE00674; SGE00717

Reverse Osmosis General ~50,000 Mobile system with EC and DAF Rental or Purchase 63,360 1,123,122 17.7 1.51 4.38 SGE00658 Capacity: Treatment system contains an EC, DAF, and RO system but EC can only treat 63,360 gpd. The DAF and RO can treat 168,000 and 144,000 gpd respectively. Reverse Osmosis Siemens ~30,000 Mobile system Purchase NR 1 to 4 NR NR NR SGE00161 Reverse Osmosis General; Seawater RO 20,000 - 47,000 Mobile system with filtration Purchase NR NR 3 to 7 0.08 NR SGE00264

Reverse Osmosis Ecosphere Energy Services, Inc. 20,000 - 30,000 Mobile system NR 140,000 NR NR NR 3.50 to 4.00 SGE00647 Filtration Unknown N/A mobile system Purchase 25,000 300,000 12.00 NR NR SGE00095 Induced Gas Flotation Purestream N/A Mobile System Rental or Purchase 105,000 $250,000 to $400,000 2.38 to 3.81 NR 0.50 SGE00717 Sedimentation Unknown N/A mobile system Rental or Purchase 630,000 NR NR NR 0.15 to 0.40 SGE01046.A02

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## SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



# Removal Efficiency: Filtration
Notes: Abbreviations: ND - Non detect; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TSS - Total suspended solids Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692. The tables listed in the Notes column refer to tables in the underlying reference.

**Formation Category** **Constituent Influent**  **Concentration Effluent** 

**Concentration Removal** 

**Efficiency (%) Units** **Reference Number of**  **Data Points Notes** 

Marcellus Metals Barium 35 37 -6% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus Metals Barium 1,440 1,520 -6% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Barium 2,290 2,397 -5% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Barium 172 165 4% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Barium 201 9354% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Calcium 21,000 22,183 -6% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus Metals Calcium 2,660 2,740 -3% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus Metals Calcium 1,610 1,540 4% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Calcium 21,000 19,300 8% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Calcium 10,600 7,83026% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus ChlorideChloride 80,400 95,400-19% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus ChlorideChloride 15,400 12,30020% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus ChlorideChloride 65,000 51,00022% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus ChlorideChloride 17,100 13,00024% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus ChlorideChloride 150,000 106,66729% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other Hardness 63,400 74,100-17% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other Hardness 65,900 69,300 -5% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other Hardness 4,890 4,650 5% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other Hardness 38,000 22,00042% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Iron 6 8-33% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Iron 40 45-13% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus Metals Iron 17 18 -6% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus Metals Iron 64 66 -3% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Iron 32 1553% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus Metals Magnesium 293 308 -5% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus Metals Magnesium 2,120 2,187 -3% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 2,220 2,270 -2% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 188 175 7% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 1,200 78635% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other Oil and grease 13ND mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Potassium 444 996-124% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Potassium 243 297-22% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus Metals Potassium 117 127 -9% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus Metals Potassium 1,810 1,875 -4% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Potassium 701 601 14% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

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## SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Marcellus SodiumSodium 5,620 5,830 -4% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus SodiumSodium 42,780 42,780 0% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus SodiumSodium 8,530 7,260 15% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus SodiumSodium 45,400 34,40024% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus SodiumSodium 32,800 19,50041% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Strontium 2,980 3,220 -8% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Strontium 5,060 5,267 -4% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus Metals Strontium 360 364 -1% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus Metals Strontium 280 249 11% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Metals Strontium 1,340 1,090 19% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other Sulfate 0 0 mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other Sulfate 73NR mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus Other Sulfate 24 24 0% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus Other Sulfate 28 1161% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other Sulfate 414 10176% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus TDS TDS 21,300 22,600 -6% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus TDS TDS 188,000 187,000 1% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus TDS TDS 187,000 168,667 10% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus TDS TDS 38,700 28,20027% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus TDS TDS 11,200 8,14027% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other TSS 99 81 18% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other TSS 882 68123% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

Marcellus Other TSS 360 24432% mg/LSGE00714 >1Table 11 (Chesapeake) presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Marcellus Other TSS 484 313 35% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10 Marcellus Other TSS 570 18767% mg/LSGE00714 1Table 10

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## Removal Efficiency: Chemical Precipitation
Notes: Abbreviations: BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids; NaOH - sodium hydroxide. Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column I - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**UOG Formation Category**  **Constituent Influent**  **Concentration Effluent** 

**Concentration Removal Efficiency**  **(%) Chemical Additive** 

**Used Units**  **Reference Number of**  **Data Points Notes:**  Eagle Ford Other Alkalinity 340 101 70% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Eagle Ford Other Alkalinity 406 206 49% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Marcellus Other Alkalinity 240 146 39% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Barnett Other Alkalinity 385 4 99% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Other Alkalinity 749 334 55% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Barnett Other Ammonia 84 84 0% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Barnett Metals Barium 7 6 14% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Metals Barium 31 0 100% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Metals Barium 596 43 93% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Woodford Metals Boron 25 23 7% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Barnett Metals Boron 18 16 11% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Barnett Organics BTEX 3 2 28% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Metals Calcium 1,160 37 97% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Metals Calcium 736 540 27% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Barnett Metals Calcium 2,570 2,705 -5% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Chloride Chloride 21,600 21,200 2% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Chloride Chloride 13,300 12,900 3% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Eagle Ford Other Hardness 1,025 602 41% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Eagle Ford Other Hardness 2,027 1,563 23% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Woodford Other Hardness 301 563 -87% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Other Hardness 2,360 1,550 34% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Woodford Organics HEM 2,100 6 100% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Eagle Ford Metals Iron 26 0 100% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Eagle Ford Metals Iron 83 0 100% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Barnett Metals Iron 27 2 93% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Metals Iron 184 1 100% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Metals Iron 8 1 87% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Barnett Metals Lithium 11 11 0% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Barnett Metals Magnesium 291 296 -2% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Metals Magnesium 1,180 518 56% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 127 49 61% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Eagle Ford Metals Manganese 1 0 100% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Eagle Ford Metals Manganese 2 0 100% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Woodford Metals Manganese 1 0 83% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Woodford Metals Nickel 0 0 11% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Barnett Metals Phosphorous 3 2 33% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Barnett Metals Potassium 296 349 -18% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Metals Potassium 559 316 43% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Metals Potassium 36 35 3% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Eagle Ford Other Silica 148 27 82% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Eagle Ford Other Silica 169 18 89% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Woodford Other Silica 185 40 78% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Barnett Sodium Sodium 10,700 12,100 -13% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Sodium Sodium 16,900 17,200 -2% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Sodium Sodium 7,067 6,788 4% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Woodford Metals Strontium 152 6 96% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Marcellus Metals Strontium 228 174 24% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Barnett Metals Strontium 467 483 -3% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Metals Sulfates 29 31 -7% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Barnett Metals Sulfates 316 205 35% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Metals Sulfates 10 27 -170% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Eagle Ford TDS TDS 32,835 34,610 -5% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Eagle Ford TDS TDS 46,501 48,365 -4% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Barnett TDS TDS 44,900 46,900 -4% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford TDS TDS 32,700 30,700 6% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Barnett Organic TOC 12 9 25% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Organic TOC 18 6 67% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Barnett Organics TPH 19 4 79% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks

Page 1 of 2SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



## Removal Efficiency: Chemical Precipitation
Notes: Abbreviations: BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids; NaOH - sodium hydroxide. Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column I - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**UOG Formation Category**  **Constituent Influent**  **Concentration Effluent** 

**Concentration Removal Efficiency**  **(%) Chemical Additive** 

**Used Units**  **Reference Number of**  **Data Points Notes:**  Eagle Ford Other TSS 180 19 89% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Eagle Ford Other TSS 277 32 88% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Marcellus Other TSS 116 60 48% NR mg/L SGE00105 1 Barnett Other TSS 357 132 63% Caustic (NaOH) mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Woodford Other TSS 776 18 98% Lime mg/L SGE00070 1 Eagle Ford Other Turbidity 44 3 93% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on Eagle Ford Other Turbidity 100 3 97% NR mg/L SGE00616 1 Source does not clearly indicate how many samples data is based on

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### Removal Efficiency: Electrocoagulation
Notes: Abbreviations: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand; BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; N/A - Not applicable; ND - Non detect; NR - Not reported; SRB - Sulfate-reducing bacteria; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**Formation Category**  **Constituent Influent**  **Concentration Effluent** 

**Concentration Removal Efficiency**  **(%) Units**  **Reference Number of Data**  **Points** Eagle Ford Other Alkalinity 708 580 18% mg/L SGE00358 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Aluminum 1.42 2.28 -61% mg/L SGE00667 1 Eagle Ford Metals Barium 4.8 3.0 37% mg/L SGE00358 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Barium 5.69 6.03 -6% mg/L SGE00667 1 Eagle Ford Metals Barium 27.9 6.0 79% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Barium 172 71 59% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Metals Barium 201 120 40% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Metals Barium 258 38 85% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Metals Barium 282 254 10% mg/L SGE00358 1 Haynesville Metals Barium 1,090 1 100% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Barium 1,280 741 42% mg/L SGE00661 1 Marcellus Metals Barium 1440 741 49% mg/L SGE00714 1 Eagle Ford Organics Benzene 0.13 0.04 72% mg/L SGE00358 1 Haynesville Other BOD 102 81 20% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Other BOD 26,022 208 99% mg/L SGE00358 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Boron 20 17 18% mg/L SGE00667 1 Eagle Ford Metals Boron 71 66 7% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Organics BTEX 3,534 2.7 100% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Calcium 437 250 43% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Metals Calcium 516 39 92% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Calcium 1,610 1,040 35% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Eagle Ford Metals Calcium 6,080 5,360 12% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Calcium 10,600 8,820 17% mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus Metals Calcium 12,800 10,600 17% mg/L SGE00661 1 Marcellus Metals Calcium 21,200 14,600 31% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Calcium 29,222 28,845 1% mg/L SGE00667 1 Marcellus Chloride Chloride 17,100 12,600 26% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Eagle Ford Chloride Chloride 18,800 18,400 2% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Chloride Chloride 65,000 62,400 4% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Chloride Chloride 80,400 89,600 -11% mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus Chloride Chloride 107,000 89,600 16% mg/L SGE00661 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Chloride Chloride 163,637 164,951 -1% mg/L SGE00667 1 Eagle Ford Metals Chromium 0.06 0.05 9% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Other Hardness 1,250 697 44% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Other Hardness 4,890 3,960 19% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Eagle Ford Other Hardness 6,681 5,399 19% mg/L SGE00358 1 Haynesville Other Hardness 6,930 3,650 47% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Other Hardness 7,585 7,124 6% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Other Hardness 38,000 25,200 34% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Other Hardness 63,400 42,200 33% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Metals Iron 6 NR mg/L SGE00714 1 Eagle Ford Metals Iron 18 1 92% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Iron 32 0 100% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Iron 35 0 99% mg/L SGE00667 1 Marcellus Metals Iron 40 NR mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus Metals Iron 50 1 98% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Metals Iron 62 NR mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Metals Iron 82 1 99% mg/L SGE00358 1 Haynesville Metals Iron 160 1 99% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Metals Lead 0.02 0.015 33% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Metals Magnesium 37 25 33% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 39 17 56% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 188 121 36% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Haynesville Metals Magnesium 360 280 22% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Metals Magnesium 669 101 85% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Metals Magnesium 691 504 27% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 1,200 933 22% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 1,930 1,120 42% mg/L SGE00661 1 Marcellus Metals Magnesium 2,220 1,120 50% mg/L SGE00714 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Magnesium 4,347 3,148 28% mg/L SGE00667 1 Eagle Ford Metals Manganese 4.24 0.075 98% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Potassium 35 31 11% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Metals Potassium 143 137 4% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Potassium 243 207 15% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1

Page 1 of 2SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



### Removal Efficiency: Electrocoagulation
Notes: Abbreviations: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand; BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; N/A - Not applicable; ND - Non detect; NR - Not reported; SRB - Sulfate-reducing bacteria; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**Formation Category**  **Constituent Influent**  **Concentration Effluent** 

**Concentration Removal Efficiency**  **(%) Units**  **Reference Number of Data**  **Points** Marcellus Metals Potassium 398 357 10% mg/L SGE00661 1 Marcellus Metals Potassium 444 347 22% mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus Metals Potassium 668 595 11% mg/L SGE00661 1 Marcellus Metals Potassium 701 595 15% mg/L SGE00714 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Potassium 1,660 1,689 -2% mg/L SGE00667 1 Haynesville Other Silica 17 3 81% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Other Silica 23 0.351 99% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Other Silica 41 0.273 99% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Other Silica 66 13.7 79% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Sodium Sodium 4,298 4,196 2% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Sodium Sodium 8,180 8,630 -6% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Sodium Sodium 8,530 4,960 42% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Sodium Sodium 32,800 22,600 31% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Sodium Sodium 41,900 31,100 26% mg/L SGE00661 1 Marcellus Sodium Sodium 45,400 31,100 31% mg/L SGE00714 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Sodium Sodium 70,342 75,517 -7% mg/L SGE00667 1 Eagle Ford Other SRB 1,200 200 83% cfu/100 mL SGE00358 1 Marcellus Other SRB 450,000 4,200 99% cfu/100 mL SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Metals Strontium 75 24.1 68% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Strontium 108 72 33% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Strontium 280 214 24% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Eagle Ford Metals Strontium 578 352 39% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Metals Strontium 1,307 1,270 3% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Metals Strontium 1,340 1,250 7% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Haynesville Metals Strontium 2,000 417 79% mg/L SGE00358 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Metals Strontium 2,204 2,020 8% mg/L SGE00667 1 Marcellus Metals Strontium 2,980 3,090 -4% mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus Other Sulfate 28 13 54% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Other Sulfate 40 38 5% mg/L SGE00667 1 Marcellus Other Sulfate 73 NR mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus Other Sulfate 414 88 79% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus TDS TDS 38,700 26,800 31% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus TDS TDS 112,000 96,500 14% mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus TDS TDS 114,200 98,400 14% mg/L SGE00661 1 Marcellus TDS TDS 188,000 166,000 12% mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus TDS TDS 189,000 166,000 12% mg/L SGE00661 1 Avalon & Bone Spring TDS TDS 267,588 273,552 -2% mg/L SGE00667 1 Eagle Ford Organics TOC 612 597 2% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Organics Toluene 0.03 0.01 55% mg/L SGE00358 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Organics TPH 20 5 75% mg/L SGE00667 1 Eagle Ford Organics TPH (C12-C28) 45 3 92% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Organics TPH (C28-C35) 4 ND mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Organics TPH (C6 - C35) 22 6 75% mg/L SGE00358 1 Haynesville Organics TPH (C6 - C35) 50 6 88% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Organics TPH (C6-C12) 5 2 59% mg/L SGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Organics TPH (C6-C35) 54 5 90% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Other TSS 40 34 15% mg/L SGE00661 1 Marcellus Other TSS 99 66 33% mg/L SGE00714 1 Marcellus Other TSS 300 8 97% mg/L SGE00358 1 Cotton Valley Other TSS 382 46 88% mg/L SGE00358 1 Marcellus Other TSS 570 138 76% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Marcellus Other TSS 882 302 66% mg/L SGE00661; SGE00714 1 Eagle Ford Other TSS 976 6 99% mg/L SGE00358 1 Haynesville Other TSS 1,326 154 88% mg/L SGE00358 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Other TSS 10,623 92 99% mg/L SGE00667 1 Avalon & Bone Spring Other Turbidity 182 15.4 92% mg/L SGE00667 1

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### SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



## Removal Efficiency: Advanced Oxidation Precipitation (AOP)
Notes: Abbreviations: SRB - Sulfate-reducing bacteria; mpn - most probable number "Iron" and "Iron, total" were combined into one entry for the purpose of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692

. Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**UOG Formation Category**  **Constituent Influent**  **Concentration Effluent** 

**Concentration Removal Efficiency**  **(%) Units**  **Reference Number of**  **Data Points Notes** 
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Alkalinity 150 95 37% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Alkalinity 700 530 24% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Barium 285 250 12% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Barium 56 42 25% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Calcium 2,408 2,360 2% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Calcium 427 323 24% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Calcium hardness 6,020 5,900 2% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Calcium hardness 1,840 1,700 8% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Carbonate 92 58 37% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Carbonate 4.5 2.8 38% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Chloride 19,250 19,200 0% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Chloride 17,650 17,250 2% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Hardness 7,340 7,110 3% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Hardness 2,050 1,950 5% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Iron 16 5.9 62% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Iron 147 148 -1% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Iron, total 21 20 7% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Iron, total 144 143 1% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Magnesium 317 290 9% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Magnesium 736 680 8% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Bacteria 230 4 98% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Bacteria 9,300 4 100% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected. Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other SRB (

### mpn/mL) 12,914 92 99% mpn/mL SGE00707 9 Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other SRB (

### mpn/mL) 58,103 126 100% mpn/mL SGE00707 15 Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other SRB (

### mpn/mL) 140,515 449 100% mpn/mL SGE00707 14
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Sulfates 100 85 15% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.
Wolfcamp/Spraberry Other Sulfates 855 657 23% mg/L SGE00705 >1SGE00705 presents averages for influent and effluent concentrations, but does not specify how many samples were collected.

Page 1 of 1

### SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



## Removal Efficiency: Evaporation/Condensation
Notes: Abbreviations: BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; N/A - Not applicable; ND - Non detect; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column I - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692. SGE00415 sampled twice a week for 60 days.

**Formation Wastewater Type** **Category Constituent**  **Influent Concentration**  **Effluent**

**Concentration Removal** 

**Efficiency (%) Units**  **Reference Number of**  **Data Points Notes**  Marcellus Flowback Chloride Chloride 20,100 35.4 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Chloride Chloride 108,600 45.1 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Metals Calcium 2,465 3.81 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Other Ammonia 84 64 24% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Produced Metals Calcium 15,460 5.12 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Other Boron 6.4 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Other Boron 11 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Metals Barium 6 0.1 98% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Barnett Flowback Other Boron 16 0.4 98% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Flowback Metals Barium 52.9 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Metals Barium 158 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Metals Zinc 0.4 0.16 60% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Metals Zinc 0.4 ND mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Metals Strontium 265 0.47 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Organics BTEX 2.1 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Produced Metals Strontium 2,190 0.7 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Metals Calcium 2705 0.8 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Barnett Flowback Metals Iron 2 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Flowback Metals Manganese 2 0.02 99% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Metals Manganese 5.2 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Metals Magnesium 215 0.36 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Metals Lithium 11 0.1 99% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Produced Metals Magnesium 1,415 0.47 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Metals Magnesium 296 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Barnett Flowback Metals Phosphorous 2 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Flowback Metals Iron 8.3 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Metals Iron 68 0.02 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Metals Copper 0.52 0.08 85% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Metals Copper 0.8 0.02 98% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Metals Potassium 349 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Flowback Metals Aluminum 2 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Metals Aluminum 2 0.1 95% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Other Sodium 12,100 3.6 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Produced Organics Toluene 948 ND μg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Organics Toluene 85.3 2.2 97% μg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Metals Strontium 483 0.1 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Produced Organics Benzene 756 ND μg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Organics Benzene 0.055 0.001 98% μg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Other TSS 22 3 86% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Other TSS 35 3 91% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Other Sulfates 205 5 98% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Flowback Other Total hardness 4,040 11 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Other Total hardness 44,431 15 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Other Sulfates 130 3.1 98% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Other Sulfates 155 2.2 99% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback TDS TDS 46,900 103 100% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Flowback Other Sodium 10,380 18.6 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Organics TPH 4 4 0% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Produced Other Sodium 21,200 24.8 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Other Silica 49 1 98% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Other Silica 52 ND mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Other Fluoride 8.5 0.16 98% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Other Fluoride 9.5 0.15 98% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Other Bicarbonate 196 24 88% mg/L SGE00110 1

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### SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Marcellus Produced Other Alkalinity 94 9 90% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Other Alkalinity 196 48 76% mg/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Thorium-228 1.21 0.143 88% pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Radioactives Thorium-228 31 0.177 99% pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Radium-228 27.3 ND pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Radioactives Radium-228 715 0.434 100% pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Radium-226 33.1 ND pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Radioactives Radium-226 1,448 0.231 100% pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Gross beta 240 ND pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Radioactives Gross beta 416 0.429 100% pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback Radioactives Gross alpha 76.4 ND pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Produced Radioactives Gross alpha 3,009 0.685 100% pCi/L SGE00110 1 Marcellus Flowback TDS TDS 40,530 76 100% mg/L SGE00110 1 Barnett Flowback Other TSS 132 4 97% mg/L SGE00415 16 Influent/effluent are averages from samples collected twice a week for 8 weeks Marcellus Produced TDS TDS 195,130 88 100% mg/L SGE00110 1

Page 2 of 2SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



### Removal Efficiency: Reverse Osmosis
Notes: Abbreviations: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand; BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; COD - Chemical oxygen demand; HEM - Hexane extractable material; ND - Non detect; O&G - Oil & grease; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids; pCi - picocurie Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**Formation Category**  **Constituent Influent**  **Concentration Effluent** 

**Concentration Removal** 

**Efficiency (%) Units** **Reference Number of**  **Data Points** Woodford Other Alkalinity 334 22.7 93% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Other Alkalinity 1,002 31 97% mg/LSGE00333 1 Eagle Ford Other Alkalinity 580 81 86% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford Metals Aluminum 0.347 0.0000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Eagle Ford Metals Aluminum 1.000 0.20 80% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford Other Ammonia 53.000 1.89 96% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Other Ammonia 39.900 1.1 97% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Metals Arsenic 0.037 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Metals Barium 0.147 0.100 32% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Metals Barium 34.900 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Eagle Ford Metals Barium 5.960 0.200 97% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford Organics Benzene (μg/L) 4.730 0.000 100% μg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Organics Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (μg/L) 38.300 0.000 100% μg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Other BOD 196 9 95% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Metals Boron 23.000 8.350 64% mg/LSGE00070 1 Lance/Mesaverde Metals Boron 15 0.750 95% mg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Metals Boron 30.000 0.750 98% mg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Organics BTEX (μg/L) 28,000 ND μg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Organics BTEX (μg/L) 80,000 ND μg/LSGE00675 1 Woodford Metals Cadmium 0.014 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Metals Calcium 37.400 5.000 87% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Metals Calcium 352.000 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Eagle Ford Metals Calcium 39.000 5.000 87% mg/LSGE00358 1 Lance/Mesaverde Chloride Chloride 4,589 56.5 99% mg/LSGE00690 1 Woodford Chloride Chloride 21,200 243 99% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Chloride Chloride 8,393 27 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Lance/Mesaverde Chloride Chloride 3,600 18 100% mg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Chloride Chloride 6,750 18 100% mg/LSGE00675 1 Eagle Ford Chloride Chlorides 18,400 93.6 99% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford Metals Chromium 0.068 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Other COD 248 2 99% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Metals Copper 0.068 0.020 71% mg/LSGE00333 1 Eagle Ford Metals Copper 0.130 0.025 81% mg/LSGE00358 1 Lance/Mesaverde Organics Diesel Range Organics (μg/L) 77,000 ND μg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Organics Diesel Range Organics (μg/L) 1,100,000 ND μg/LSGE00675 1 Woodford Organics Ethylbenzene (μg/L) 4 0 100% μg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Other Fluoride 2 0 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Lance/Mesaverde Organics Gasoline Range Organics (μg/L) 88,000 ND μg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Organics Gasoline Range Organics (μg/L) 420,000 ND μg/LSGE00675 1 Woodford RadioactivesGross Alpha (pCi/L) 265 0 100% pCi/LSGE00333 1 Woodford RadioactivesGross Beta (pCi/L) 72 0 100% pCi/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Other Hardness 563 10 98% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Other Hardness 1,163 0 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Organics HEM 6 6 0% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Metals Iron 0.500 0.500 0% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Metals Iron 13.400 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Eagle Ford Metals Iron 1.390 0.100 93% mg/LSGE00358 1 Eagle Ford Metals Lead 0.015 0.003 80% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford Metals Magnesium 518.000 8.210 98% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Metals Magnesium 69.000 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Eagle Ford Metals Magnesium 25.000 5.000 80% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford Metals Manganese 0.100 0.100 0% mg/LSGE00070 1 Eagle Ford Metals Manganese 0.075 0.015 80% mg/LSGE00358 1 Lance/Mesaverde Other Methanol 40 ND mg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Other Methanol 1,500 ND mg/LSGE00675 1 Woodford Metals Nickel 0.100 0.100 0% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Metals Nickel 0.056 0.025 55% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Organics O&G 14 1.1 92% mg/LSGE00333 1 Lance/Mesaverde Organics O&G 50 ND mg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Organics O&G 2,400 ND mg/LSGE00675 1 Woodford Organics Phenol (μg/L) 39 0 100% μg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Metals Phosphorous 1.150 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Metals Potassium 316.000 5.000 98% mg/LSGE00070 1 Eagle Ford Metals Potassium 137.000 5.000 96% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford RadioactivesRadium 226 (pCi/L) 82 0 100% pCi/LSGE00333 1 Woodford RadioactivesRadium 228 (pCi/L) 7 0 100% pCi/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Other Silica 40 5 87% mg/LSGE00070 1 Eagle Ford Other Silica 14 0.43 97% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford metals Silver 0.087 0.001 99% mg/LSGE00333 1 Lance/Mesaverde Other Sodium 3,324 36.6 99% mg/LSGE00690 1 Woodford Other Sodium 17,200 221 99% mg/LSGE00070 1 Eagle Ford Other Sodium 8,630 88.3 99% mg/LSGE00358 1

Page 1 of 2SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



### Removal Efficiency: Reverse Osmosis
Notes: Abbreviations: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand; BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes; COD - Chemical oxygen demand; HEM - Hexane extractable material; ND - Non detect; O&G - Oil & grease; TDS - Total dissolved solids; TOC - Total organic carbon; TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbons; TSS - Total suspended solids; pCi - picocurie Equation used: Removal Efficiency (%) = (Influent Concentration - Effluent Concentration)/Influent Concentration Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**Formation Category**  **Constituent Influent**  **Concentration Effluent** 

**Concentration Removal** 

**Efficiency (%) Units** **Reference Number of**  **Data Points** Woodford Metals Strontium 6.430 0.100 98% mg/LSGE00070 1 Eagle Ford Metals Strontium 24.100 0.099 100% mg/LSGE00358 1 Woodford Other Sulfates 31 1 97% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Other Sulfates 24 0 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Lance/Mesaverde Other Sulfates 10 ND mg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde Other Sulfates 100 ND mg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde TDS TDS 11,957 93 99% mg/LSGE00690 1 Woodford TDS TDS 30,700 440 99% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford TDS TDS 13,833 128 99% mg/LSGE00333 1 Lance/Mesaverde TDS TDS 8,000 41 99% mg/LSGE00675 1 Lance/Mesaverde TDS TDS 15,000 41 100% mg/LSGE00675 1 Woodford Metals Thallium 0.038 0.000 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Organics TOC 6 1 83% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Organics TOC 65 3 95% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Organics Toluene (μg/L) 6 0.97 83% μg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Other TSS 18 10 44% mg/LSGE00070 1 Woodford Other TSS 65 0 100% mg/LSGE00333 1 Woodford RadioactivesUranium 234 (pCi/L) 1 0 100% pCi/LSGE00333 1 Woodford RadioactivesUranium 238 (pCi/L) 1 0 100% pCi/LSGE00333 1 Woodford Organics Xylenes (μg/L) 24 0 100% μg/LSGE00333 1

Page 2 of 2

# SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



# Evaporation/Condensation: Treated Wastewater Recovery vs. Influent TDS Concentration - Data for Graph
Notes: Abbreviations: TDS - Total dissolved solids Equation Used: Recovery (%) = -0.0005 x Influent TDS (mg/L) + 100 Sources: SGE00300; SGE00415

**Specific Gravity Influent TDS** 

**(mg/L) Recovery (%)**  1 500 100 1.01 15,400 94 1.02 30,000 87 1.03 44,200 82 1.04 58,000 75 1.05 72,100 68 1.06 86,300 63 1.07 100,000 56 1.08 112,200 50 1.09 124,900 44 1.1 138,000 37 1.11 152,000 31 1.12 164,800 24 1.13 177,800 18 1.14 190,200 13 1.15 202,800 7 1.16 215,200 1

Page 1 of 1

# SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

Page 1 of 1 y =
-0.0005x+ 100 R2 = 0.9987 

# 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000DistillateRecovery(%ofInfluentVolume)



# InfluentTDS Concentration (mg/L) 

# Dis**tillate Recovery versus Influent TDS f or E** **vapor ation/Condensation** 

### SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



## Vendor Information for Treatment Technologies for UOG Wastewater
Notes: Abbreviations: AOP - Advanced oxidation precipitation; NR - Not reported; RO - Reverse osmosis; TDS - Total dissolved solids; bpd - barrels per day Sources: Noted in column H - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**Treatment Technology Vendor**  **Technology Name/ Description Systems Available**  **(mobile/plant) Surface Footprint**  **(ft 2** 

### ) **Capacity (bpd) Other Notes**  **Reference** AOP Hydrozonix, LLC Ozonix TM Mobile system Trailer mounted 115200 SGE00705 AOP Ecosphere Technologies, Inc. Ozonix TM Mobile system 380 115200 SGE00331; SGE00647 Chemical Precipitation Fountain Quail Water Management, LLCRover Mobile system 1,100 10,000 SGE00415 Chemical Precipitation MI-SWACO Frac Water Reclamation System Mobile system NR 3,000 SGE00689 Chemical Precipitation AquaTech International Corporation MoTreat Mobile system Mobile unit 1,700 to 6,900 SGE00646
Crystallization INTEVRAS EVRASTM Semi-mobile 820 200–400Uses waste heat from compressor stations or natural gas SGE00650; SGE00160; SGE00149
Crystallization Heartland Technology Partners, LLC LM-HT® Mobile or stationaryNR 1,000 (mobile) 6,250 (stationary)Uses waste heat from compressor stations or

natural gas SGE00664

Crystallization Epiphany Solar Water Systems E3H Non-mobile NR, fits on well pad 10 - 100Each unit is sized for one well and can be scaled up for a multi-well pad. Uses concentrated solar energy in lieu of fuel SGE00298.A21

Disinfection Halliburton CleanStream® 

### Mobile system 382.5 169,920Dimensions of CleanStream unit: 45 ft x 8.5 ft.SGE01058 Disinfection Atg UV Technology NA Mobile system NA 181,147 SGE01054 Disinfection Bosque Systems, LLC DIONIXTM Mobile system 30 foot trailer 720,000 SGE01036

Disinfection PureLine CG and Pure 3 Seriesc 

### Mobile system 700 7,500Dimensions of unit: 14 ft x 50 ft. only includes the primary treatment unit, not storage for wastewater, chemicals, or sludge (solid waste).SGE01046.A05 Disinfection Sabre Energy Services DiKlor®

### and CHEMGEN Stationary system NA 158,400 SGE01059 Disinfection Baker Hughes H2prO HD Mobile system NA 8,500 SGE00655
Electrocoagulation OriginOil EWSTM Petro P160 Mobile system Fits into a 40 foot shipping container 7,200 SGE00671; SGE00672 Electrocoagulation Ecolotron, Inc. E-Floc© Mobile system 500 10,800 SGE00358 Electrocoagulation Water Tectonics/Halliburton CleanWaveTM Mobile system NR 28,800 SGE00638.A11; SGE00311.A1 Electrocoagulation Bosque Systems, LLC Mobile Water Recycler Mobile system 500 20,571 SGE00656 Electrocoagulation Baker Hughes H2proTM Mobile system Trailer mounted 8,500 SGE00655 Evaporation/Condensation 212 Resources Vacom Mobile or stationary2,400 2,500–3,000 SGE00645; SGE00227; SGE00244 Evaporation/Condensation AquaTech International Corporation MoVap Mobile or stationary424 1,000–1,700 SGE00646

Evaporation/Condensation Fountain Quail Water Management, LLCNOMAD Mobile or stationary2,500 2,500According to RSPEA, there are three NOMAD processing facilities that occupy 250’x250’ (surface footprint). SGE00415; SGE00648; SGE00674 Evaporation/Condensation GE Water & Process Technologies NR Mobile or stationaryNR 1,715 SGE00674; SGE00227 Evaporation/Condensation Purestream AVARA Mobile or stationaryTrailer mounted 1,000 - 2,500 SGE00674; SGE00625 Evaporation/Condensation Altela Inc. AltelaRainTM Mobile or stationaryNR 100 - 600 SGE00682; SGE00110 Filtration FilterSure NR Mobile system Trailer mounted 5000 SGE00714 Gas Flotation Purestream IGF and IGF+ Mobile system Trailer mounted 2500 SGE00717
Ion Exchange Veolia Water Solutions & TechnologiesMODI Mobile system 365 Minimum: 20 m3/hr, Maximum: 100 m3/hrUnit is mobile, meant to work in conjunction with MORO (RO Unit) SGE00264 Ion Exchange Drake Water Technologies Continuous selective ion exchange processMobile system 2 acres 10,000Currently used in pilot-scale operations. SGE00264 Ion Exchange Eco-Tec Recoflo Mobile system NR 36,000Currently used in pilot-scale operations. SGE00264 Reverse Osmosis GeoPure Hydrotechnologies NR NR NR 5,000NR SGE00649 Reverse Osmosis M-I SWACO GPRI DesignsTM NR NR 5,000NR SGE00651

Reverse Osmosis Veolia Water Solutions & TechnologiesOPUS TM mobile or stationary650 (pilot units) 10000The unit includes chemical softening, degasification, and media filtration Company offers pilot units, 99.6% TDS removal with influent at 6,500 mg/L SGE00652; SGE00660 Reverse Osmosis Omni Water Solutions, Inc. HIPPO® Mobile NR 2, 500 - 10,000Includes pretreatment SGE00670 Reverse Osmosis Siemens Water Technologies FracTreat Mobile NR NRIncludes pretreatment SGE00161; SGE00108 Reverse Osmosis Ecosphere Technologies, Inc. Ozonix TM Mobile system 380 7,200Includes AOP as pretreatment SGE00647; SGE00333



### Page 1 of 1SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data



### Energy Use in UOG Wastewater Applications for Various Treatment Technologies
Notes: Abbreviations: AOP - Advanced oxidation precipitation; EC - Electrocoagulation; N/A - Not applicable; NR - Not reported; TDS - Total dissolved solids; mg/L - milligrams per liter; gpd - gallons per day; kWh - kilowatt-hour; bbl - barrel; MCF - million cubic feet Sources: Noted in column M - "Reference". Full citations are located in the References section of EPA'sUnconventional Oil & Gas Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technologies - DCN SGE00692.

**Electrical Energy (kWh/bbl)**  **Fuel Energy**

**(MCF/bbl) Total** 

**(kWh/bbl)** AOP Hydrozonix, LLC Ozonix TM N/A N/A 115200 N/A N/A 0.08 to 0.15 N/A SGE00705

Crystallization INTEVRAS EVRASTM 310,000–650,000 NR NR NR N/A 1.89 to 2.1No recoveryUses waste heat from compressor stations or runs on natural gas SGE00160

Crystallization Epiphany Solar Water Systems E3H Produced water TDS levels NR NR NR N/A NR NR Uses concentrated solar energy SGE00298.A21

Crystallization Heartland Technology Partners, LLC LM-HT® Produced water TDS levels NR NR NR N/A NR NR Uses waste heat from compressor stations or runs on natural gas SGE00664

Crystallization General General 250,000–300,000 NR NR 0.5 to 1.68 ~14 NR NR Assuming waste steam is available SGE00238

Crystallization General General >40,000 NR NR NR NR 4.2 to 10.5 NR None SGE00264 Electrocoagulation OriginOil® Clean-FracTM NR NR NR N/A N/A 0.84 NR Electricity SGE00672

Electrocoagulation General General 40,000 NR NR N/A N/A > 0.25 NR Electricity for EC operation only, may require additional energy for auxiliaries. SGE00658

Evaporation/Condensation General General 110,000–130,000 NR NR NR NR 6.5 to 7.5 50 Wellhead gas generator SGE00238Total (kWh/bbl): Converted from 6.5 - 7.5 kWh/bbl.

Evaporation/Condensation Fountain Quail Water Management, LLC NOMAD 60,000–80,000 NR NR NR 0.07 4.6 60–9050 kW generator (runs on natural gas directly from well head or electricity) SGE00415; SGE00228Total (kWh/bbl): Upper range calculated based on

DCN SGE00415. 6.4 kWh/bbl of distillate with a 72.5% recovery converted to kWh/bbl of influent wastewater and to kWh/1,000 gallons to get 100 kWh/kgal.

Evaporation/Condensation Altela Inc. AltelaRainTM 25,300–195,000 NR NR 2 to 2.5 5 to 10 NR 45–90Electricity, natural gas, onsite waste heat, solar panels SGE00110Electrical Energy (kWh/bbl): Converted from kWh/bbl to kWh/kgal. Fuel Energy (MCF/bbl): Converted from MCF/bbl to MCF/kgal.
Evaporation/Condensation GE Water & Process Technologies NR <128,000 NR NR NR NR 2.1 to 2.9 60–95Electricity or natural gas SGE00230; SGE00264 Evaporation/Condensation Purestream AVARA 20,000 – 40,000 NR NR 6 N/A 6 80 Electrical SGE00625
Evaporation/Condensation 212 Resources Vacom ~30,000 NR NR 1.3 NR 1.3 90 Electricity or wellhead natural gas SGE00264; SGE00227

Reverse Osmosis General Mobile unit designed by Chevron, includes electrocoagulation for pretreatment 45,000 NR NR N/A N/A

1 NR SGE00658

Reverse Osmosis Ecosphere Technologies, Inc. Ozonix TM, includes AOP for pretreatment 13,800 NR NR N/A N/A 2.184 75 SGE00625

Reverse Osmosis General N/A, includes filtration for pretreatment 500–25,000 NR NR N/A N/A 0.02 to 0.4 60–85 SGE00264; SGE00109Total (kWh/bbl): For data from Asano (2007),

converted 1.5 to 2.5 kWh/m3 to kWh/kgal. 1 cubic meter = 264 US gallons.

Reverse Osmosis General N/A, includes softening and filtration for pretreatment 20,000–47,000 NR NR N/A N/A 0.5–1.6 30–60 SGE00264; SGE00109Total (kWh/bbl): For data from Asano (2007),

converted 5 to 10 kWh/m3 to kWh/kgal. 1 cubic meter = 264 US gallons.

**Notes Treatment Technology**  **Vendor Technology Name/Description** **Influent TDS (mg/L) Effluent TDS**  **(mg/L) Design Capacity** 

**(gpd) Energy Consumption**  **Water Recover (%)**  **Power Source Reference** 

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# SGE00692.A1 - UOG Extraction Wastewater Treatment Technology Costs Performance Data

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# 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000**R a** **n g** **e o** **f T** **r e** **a t** **m e** **n t** **C o** **s t** **( $** **p e** **r b** **a r** **r e** **l )** 



# Influent**TDS Concentrations (mg/L)**  Crystallization

Evaporation/Condensation

RO

Flowback Long

-termProduced Water