# Patent

## Title
Computer system utilizing multiple computer modules functioning independently

## Abstract

A computer system for multi-processing purposes. The computer system has a console comprising a first coupling site and a second coupling site. Each coupling site comprises a connector. The console is an enclosure that is capable of housing each coupling site. The system also has a plurality of computer modules, where each of the computer modules is coupled to a connector. Each of the computer modules has a processing unit, a main memory coupled to the processing unit, a graphics controller coupled to the processing unit, and a mass storage device coupled to the processing unit. Each of the computer modules is substantially similar in design to each other to provide independent processing of each of the computer modules in the computer system.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority as a continuation of U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 10/772,214, filed Feb. 3, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,099,981, which is a continuation of U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 09/569,758, filed May 12, 2000 (Now U.S. Pat. No. 6,718,415), which claimed priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/134,122 filed May 14, 1999, commonly assigned, and hereby incorporated by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to computing devices. More particularly, the present invention provides a system including a plurality of computer modules that can independently operate to provide backup capability, dual processing, and the like. Merely by way of example, the present invention is applied to a modular computing environment for desk top computers, but it will be recognized that the invention has a much wider range of applicability. It can be applied to a server as well as other portable or modular computing applications.
Many desktop or personal computers, which are commonly termed PCs, have been around and used for over ten years. The PCs often come with state-of-art microprocessors such as the Intel PentiumTM microprocessor chips. They also include a hard or fixed disk drive such as memory in the giga-bit range. Additionally, the PCs often include a random access memory integrated circuit device such as a dynamic random access memory device, which is commonly termed DRAM. The DRAM devices now provide up to millions of memory cells (i.e., mega-bit) on a single slice of silicon. PCs also include a high resolution display such as cathode ray tubes or CRTs. In most cases, the CRTs are at least 15 inches or 17 inches or 20 inches in diameter. High resolution flat panel displays are also used with PCs.
Many external or peripheral devices can be used with the PCs. Among others, these peripheral devices include mass storage devices such as a ZipTM Drive product sold by Iomega Corporation of Utah. Other storage devices include external hard drives, tape drives, and others. Additional devices include communication devices such as a modem, which can be used to link the PC to a wide area network of computers such as the Internet. Furthermore, the PC can include output devices such as a printer and other output means. Moreover, the PC can include special audio output devices such as speakers the like.
PCs also have easy to use keyboards, mouse input devices, and the like. The keyboard is generally configured similar to a typewriter format. The keyboard also has the length and width for easily inputting information by way of keys to the computer. The mouse also has a sufficient size and shape to easily move a curser on the display from one location to another location.
Other types of computing devices include portable computing devices such as “laptop” computers and the like. Although somewhat successful, laptop computers have many limitations. These computing devices have poor display technology. In fact, these devices often have a smaller flat panel display that has poor viewing characteristics. Additionally, these devices also have poor input devices such as smaller keyboards and the like. Furthermore, these devices have limited common platforms to transfer information to and from these devices and other devices such as PCs.
Up to now, there has been little common ground between these platforms including the PCs and laptops in terms of upgrading, ease-of-use, cost, performance, and the like. Many differences between these platforms, probably somewhat intentional, has benefited computer manufacturers at the cost of consumers. A drawback to having two separate computers is that the user must often purchase both the desktop and laptop to have “total” computing power, where the desktop serves as a “regular” computer and the laptop serves as a “portable” computer. Purchasing both computers is often costly and runs “thousands” of dollars. The user also wastes a significant amount of time transferring software and data between the two types of computers. For example, the user must often couple the portable computer to a local area network (i.e., LAN), to a serial port with a modem and then manually transfer over files and data between the desktop and the portable computer. Alternatively, the user often must use floppy disks to “zip” up files and programs that exceed the storage capacity of conventional floppy disks, and transfer the floppy disk data manually.
Another drawback with the current model of separate portable and desktop computer is that the user has to spend money to buy components and peripherals the are duplicated in at least one of these computers. For example, both the desktop and portable computers typically include hard disk drives, floppy drives, CD-ROMs, computer memory, host processors, graphics accelerators, and the like. Because program software and supporting programs generally must be installed upon both hard drives in order for the user to operate programs on the road and in the office, hard disk space is often wasted.
One approach to reduce some of these drawbacks has been the use of a docking station with a portable computer. Here, the user has the portable computer for “on the road” use and a docking station that houses the portable computer for office use.
Similar to separate desktop and portable computers, there is no commonality between two desktop computers. To date, most personal computers are constructed with a single motherboard that provides connection for CPU and other components in the computer. Dual CPU systems have been available through Intel's slot 1 architecture. For example, two Pentium II cartridges can be plugged into two “slot 1” card slots on a motherboard to form a Dual-processor system. The two CPU's share a common host bus that connects to the rest of the system, e.g. main memory, hard disk drive, graphics subsystem, and others. Dual CPU systems have the advantage of increased CPU performance for the whole system. Adding a CPU cartridge requires no change in operating systems and application software. However, dual CPU systems may suffer limited performance improvement if memory or disk drive bandwidth becomes the limiting factor. Also, dual CPU systems have to time-share the processing unit in running multiple applications. CPU performance improvement efficiency also depends on software coding structure. Dual CPU systems provide no hardware redundancy to help fault tolerance. In running multiple applications, memory and disk drive data throughput will become the limiting factor in improving performance with multi-processor systems.
Thus, what is needed are computer systems that can have multiple computer modules. Each computer module has dedicated memory and disk drive, and can operate independently.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, a technique including a method and device for multi-module computing is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a system including a plurality of computer modules that can independently operate to provide backup capability, dual processing, and the like.
In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a computer system for multi-processing purposes. The computer system has a console comprising a first coupling site and a second coupling site, e.g., computer module bay. Each coupling site comprises a connector. The console is an enclosure that is capable of housing each coupling site. The system also has a plurality of computer modules, where each of the computer modules is coupled to one of the connectors. Each of the computer modules has a processing unit, a main memory coupled to the processing unit, a graphics controller coupled to the processing unit, and a mass storage device coupled to the processing unit. Each of the computer modules is substantially similar in design to each other to provide independent processing of each of the computer modules in the computer system.
In an alternative specific embodiment, the present invention provides a multi-processing computer system. The system has a console comprising a first coupling site and a second coupling site. Each coupling site comprises a connector. The console is an enclosure that is capable of housing each coupling site. The system also has a plurality of computer modules, where each of the computer modules is coupled to one of the connectors. Each of the computer modules has a processing unit, a main memory coupled to the processing unit, a graphics controller coupled to the processing unit, a mass storage device coupled to the processing unit, and a video output coupled to the processing unit. Each of the computer modules is substantially similar in design to each other to provide independent processing of each of the computer modules in the computer system. A video switch circuit is coupled to each of the computer modules through the video output. The video switch is configured to switch a video signal from any one of the computer modules to a display.
Numerous benefits are achieved using the present invention over previously existing techniques. In one embodiment, the invention provides improved processing and maintenance features. The invention can also provide increased CPU performance for the whole system. The invention also can be implemented without changes in operating system and application software. The present invention is also implemented using conventional technologies that can be provided in the present computer system in an easy and efficient manner.
In another embodiment, the invention provides at least two users to share the same modular desktop system. Each user operates on a different computer module. The other peripheral devices, i.e. CDROM, printer, DSL connection, etc. can be shared. This provides lower system cost, less desktop space and more efficiency. Depending upon the embodiment, one or more of these benefits can be available. These and other advantages or benefits are described throughout the present specification and are described more particularly below.
In still further embodiments, the present invention provides methods of using multiple computer modules.
According to the present invention, a technique including a method and device for securing a computer module using a password in a computer system is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a security system for an attached computer module (“ACM”). In an embodiment, the ACM inserts into a Computer Module Bay (CMB) within a peripheral console to form a functional computer.
In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a computer module. The computer module has an enclosure that is insertable into a console. The module also has a central processing unit (i.e., integrated circuit chip) in the enclosure. The module has a hard disk drive in the enclosure, where the hard disk drive is coupled to the central processing unit. The module further has a programmable memory device in the enclosure, where the programmable memory device can be configurable to store a password for preventing a possibility of unauthorized use of the hard disk drive and/or other module elements. The stored password can be any suitable key strokes that a user can change from time to time. In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a permanent password or user identification code stored in flash memory, which also can be in the processing unit, or other integrated circuit element. The permanent password or user identification code is designed to provide a permanent “finger print” on the attached computer module.
In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a variety of methods. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for operating a computer system such as a modular computer system and others. The method includes inserting an attached computer module (“ACM”) into a bay of a modular computer system. The ACM has a microprocessor unit (e.g., microcontroller, microprocessor) coupled to a mass memory storage device (e.g., hard disk). The method also includes applying power to the computer system and the ACM to execute a security program, which is stored in the mass memory storage device. The method also includes prompting for a user password from a user on a display (e.g., flat panel, CRT). In a further embodiment, the present method includes a step of reading a permanent password or user identification code stored in flash memory, or other integrated circuit element. The permanent password or user identification code provides a permanent finger print on the attached computer module. The present invention includes a variety of these methods that can be implemented in computer codes, for example, as well as hardware.
Numerous benefits are achieved using the present invention over previously existing techniques. The present invention provides mechanical and electrical security systems to prevent theft or unauthorized use of the computer system in a specific embodiment. Additionally, the present invention substantially prevents accidental removal of the ACM from the console. In some embodiments, the present invention prevents illegal or unauthorized use during transit. The present invention is also implemented using conventional technologies that can be provided in the present computer system in an easy and efficient manner. Depending upon the embodiment, one or more of these benefits can be available. These and other advantages or benefits are described throughout the present specification and are described more particularly below.
These and other embodiments of the present invention, as well as its advantages and features, are described in more detail in conjunction with the text below and attached Figs.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a computer system according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of a computer system according to a further alternative embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a simplified flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a simplified side-view diagram of a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a simplified layout diagram of a security system for a computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 or 7A area simplified block diagrams of a security system for a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, a technique including a method and device for multi-module computing is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a system including a plurality of computer modules that can independently operate to provide backup capability, dual processing, and the like.
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a computer system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an illustration and should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives. The computer system 100 includes an attached computer module (i.e., ACM) 113, a desktop console 101, among other elements. The computer system also has another ACM module 117. Each ACM module has a respective slot 121, 119, which mechanically houses and electrically couples each ACM to the computer console. Also shown is a display 111, which connects to the console. Additionally, keyboard 109 and mouse 115 are also shown. A second display 102, keyboard 105, and mouse 107 can be coupled to the console in some optional embodiments to allow more than one user to operate the computer system. The computer system is modular and has a variety of components that are removable. Some of these components (or modules) can be used in different computers, workstations, computerized television sets, and portable or laptop units.
In the present embodiment, each ACM 113 includes computer components, as will be described below, including a central processing unit (“CPU”), IDE controller, hard disk drive, computer memory, and the like. The computer module bay (i.e., CMB) 121 is an opening or slot in the desktop console. The CMB houses the ACM and provides communication to and from the ACM. The CMB also provides mechanical protection and support to the ACM. The CMB has a mechanical alignment mechanism for mating a portion of the ACM to the console. The CMB further has thermal heat dissipation sinks, electrical connection mechanisms, and the like. Some details of the ACM can be found in co-pending patent application Ser. Nos. 09/149,882 and 09/149,548 filed Sep. 8, 1998, commonly assigned, and hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
In a specific embodiment, the present multiple computer module system has a peripheral console that has two or more computer bays that can receive a removable computer module or ACM. Multiple computer module system can function as a personal computer with only one ACM and the peripheral console. The second and additional ACM can be added later to increase overall system performance and reliability. The ACM operates independently as self-contained computer, communicates with each other through a high-speed serial communication and share most peripheral devices within the peripheral console. Each ACM controls its independent graphics subsystem and drives separate video output signals. A practical implementation is a dual ACM system. In a dual ACM system, two monitors can be used to display the two ACMs' graphics outputs at the same time. For a single monitor, a RGB switch is used to switch between the video outputs of the two ACMs and can be controlled by a command from the user. Similarly, input devices (i.e. keyboard and mouse) are switched between the two computer systems with a command from the user. Command from the user can be in the form of either a dedicated key on the keyboard or a special icon on the screen that the mouse can click on.
In most embodiments, the ACM includes an enclosure such as the one described with the following components, which should not be limiting:

    
    
        1) A CPU with cache memory;
        2) Core logic device or means;
        3) Main memory;
        4) A single primary Hard Disk Drive (“HDD”) that has a security program;
        5) Flash memory with system BIOS and programmable user password;
        6) Operating System, application software, data files on primary HDD;
        7) An interface device and connectors to peripheral console;
        8) A software controllable mechanical lock, lock control means, and other accessories.
    
    


The ACM connects to a peripheral console with power supply, a display device, an input device, and other elements. Some details of these elements with the present system are described in more detail below. In a dual ACM system, the primary ACM can connect directly to the peripheral board in the peripheral console. The second ACM can connect either directly or indirectly to the peripheral board. For indirect connection, a receptacle board is added to allow a cable connection to the peripheral board. This is to facilitate the mechanical positioning of the second ACM inside the computer chassis. The receptacle board approach can even be used for the primary ACM if a high bandwidth peripheral bus, e.g. PCI Bus, is not connected from the primary ACM to the peripheral board.
The shared peripheral console has a chassis and a motherboard that connects the following devices:

    
    
        1) Input means, e.g. keyboard and mouse,
        2) Display means, e.g. RGB monitor,
        3) Add-on means, e.g. PCI add-on slots,
        4) Two Computer Module Bays (CMB) with connectors to two ACMs,
        5) A serial communication Hub controller that interfaces to serial communication controller of both ACMs,
        6) Shared storage subsystem, e.g. Floppy drive, CDROM drive, DVD drive, or 2nd Hard Drive,
        7) Communication device, e.g. modem,
        8) Power supply, and others.
    
    


The computer bay is an opening in the peripheral console that receives an ACM. CMB provides mechanical protection to ACM, mechanical alignment for connector mating, mechanical locking system to prevent theft and accidental removal, and connectors at the end of the opening for connecting to ACM. The interface bus between ACM and the peripheral console has a video bus, peripheral connections, serial communication connection, control signals and power connection. Video bus includes video output of graphics devices, i.e. analog RGB and control signals for monitor. Power connection supplies the power for ACM.
An implementation of peripheral sharing is the use of Ethernet controllers to bridge the communication between the two ACMs. Some of the peripheral devices residing in the peripheral console are shown in the simplified diagram of FIG. 2. As shown, the diagram is merely an illustration which should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize many other variations, alternatives, and modifications. As shown, a primary ACM 203 is connected to PCI peripheral devices in the peripheral console through the PCI bus 225 that passes through the connection between primary ACM 203 and peripheral console 201. As shown, ACM has a CPU module 207 coupled to the PCI bus through a North Bridge 211.
The CPU module can use a suitable microprocessing unit, microcontroller, digital signal processor, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the CPU module uses, for example, a 400 MHz Pentium II microprocessor module from Intel Corporation and like microprocessors from AMD Corporation, Cyrix Corporation (now National Semiconductor Corporation), and others. In other aspects, the microprocessor can be one such as the Compaq Computer Corporation Alpha Chip, Apple Computer Corporation PowerPC G3 processor, and the like. Further, higher speed processors are contemplated in other embodiments as technology increases in the future.
In the CPU module, peripheral controller 213 is coupled to BIOS/flash memory 217. Additionally, the peripheral controller is coupled to a clock control logic, a configuration signal, and a peripheral bus. The ACM has the hard drive module 215. Among other elements, the ACM includes north bridge 215, graphics subsystem 223 (e.g., graphics accelerator, graphics memory), an IDE controller, and other components. Adjacent to and in parallel alignment with the hard drive module 215 is the PCI bus. In a specific embodiment, North Bridge unit 211 often couples to a computer memory 209, to the graphics subsystem, and to the peripheral controller via the PCI bus. Graphics subsystem typically couples to a graphics memory, and other elements. IDE controller generally supports and provides timing signals necessary for the IDE bus. In the present embodiment, the IDE controller is embodied as part of a P114XE controller from Intel, for example. Other types of buses than IDE are contemplated, for example EIDE, SCSI, 1394, and the like in alternative embodiments of the present invention.
The hard drive module or mass storage unit 215 typically includes a computer operating system, application software program files, data files, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the computer operating system may be the Windows98 operating system from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond Wash. Other operating systems, such as WindowsNT, MacOS8, Unix, and the like are also contemplated in alternative embodiments of the present invention. Further, some typical application software programs can include Office98 by Microsoft Corporation, Corel Perfect Suite by Corel, and others. Hard disk module 215 includes a hard disk drive. The hard disk drive, however, can also be replaced by removable hard disk drives, read/write CD ROMs, flash memory, floppy disk drives, and the like. A small form factor, for example 2.5′′, is currently contemplated, however, other form factors, such as PC card, and the like are also contemplated. Mass storage unit 240 may also support other interfaces than IDE.
Among other features, the computer system includes an ACM with security protection.
The ACM also has a network controller, which can be an Ethernet controller 219, which is coupled to the North Bridge through the PCI bus. The North Bridge is coupled to the CPU. The Ethernet controller can be a 10/100 Base, such as Intel's 82559 or the like. Other types of network connection devices can also be used. For example, the invention can use Gbit Ethernet 1394, and USB 2.0. The network controller couples to a hub 233 in the console, which includes shared peripheral system 201.
Also shown is the second ACM 205. The second ACM has the same or similar components as the first ACM. Here, like reference numerals have been used for easy cross-referencing, but is not intended to be limiting. In some embodiments, the secondary ACM is not connected to the PCI bus in the peripheral console directly. The secondary ACM 219 accesses peripheral devices controlled by the primary ACM through the Ethernet connection to the primary ACM, e.g. CD-ROM, or PCI modem. The implementation is not restricted to Ethernet serial communication and can use other high-speed serial communication such as USB 2.0, and 1394. The Ethernet hub is coupled to an external output port 235, which connects to an external network.
The primary hard disk drive in each ACM can be accessed by the other ACM as sharable hard drive through the Ethernet connection. This allows the easy sharing of files between the two independent computer modules. The Ethernet Hub Controller provides the high-speed communication function between the two computer modules. Ethernet data bandwidth of 100 Mbit/sec allows fast data communication between the two computer modules. The secondary ACM access peripheral devices of the primary ACM through the network connection provided by Ethernet link. The operating system, e.g. Windows 98, provides the sharing of resources between the two ACMs. In some embodiments, critical data in one ACM can be backup into the other ACM.
The Ethernet hub also couples to PCI bus 239, which connects to PCI devices 241, 243, e.g., modem, SCSI controller. A flash memory 242 can also be coupled to the PCI bus. The flash memory can store passwords and security information, such as those implementations described in U.S. Ser. No. 09/183,493, which is commonly owned, and hereby incorporated by reference. The hub 233 also couples to an I/O control 237, which connects to keyboard/mouse switch 245, which couples to keyboard/mouse 247. Optionally, the keyboard/mouse switch also couples to a second keyboard/house 259 via PS2 or USB signal line 251. The keyboard/mouse switch has at least a first state and a second state, which allow operation of respectively multiple keyboards or a single keyboard. The switch also couples to each I/O controller 221 in each ACM via lines 253, 255. The I/O control 237 also couples to an RGB switch 257, which allows video signals to pass to the first monitor 259. Alternatively, the RGB switch couples to a second monitor 261. The RGB switch includes analog video switches such as MAXIM's MAX4545.
The peripheral system 201 also has an independent power supply 231 for each ACM. Each power supply provides power to each ACM. As merely an example, the power supply is a MICRO ATX 150W made by ENLIGHT, but can be others. The power supply is connected or coupled to each ACM through a separate line, for example. The independent power supply allows for independent operation of each ACM in some embodiments.
The above embodiments are described generally in terms of hardware and software. It will be recognized, however, that the functionality of the hardware can be further combined or even separated. The functionality of the software can also be further combined or even separated. Hardware can be replaced, at times, with software. Software can be replaced, at times, with hardware. Accordingly, the present embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims here. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram 300 of a computer system according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an example which should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognizes many other variations, modifications, and alternatives. Like reference numerals are used in this Fig. as the previous Fig. for easy referencing, but are not intended to be limiting. As shown, each ACM includes common elements as the previous Fig. A primary ACM 203 is connected to PCI peripheral devices in the peripheral console through the PCI bus 225 that passes through the connection between primary ACM 203 and peripheral console 201. As shown, ACM has a CPU module 207 coupled to the PCI bus through a North Bridge 211.
The CPU module can use a suitable microprocessing unit, microcontroller, digital signal processor, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the CPU module uses, for example, a 400 MHz Pentium II microprocessor module from Intel Corporation and like microprocessors from AMD Corporation, Cyrix Corporation (now National Semiconductor Corporation), and others. In other aspects, the microprocessor can be one such as the Compaq Computer Corporation Alpha Chip, Apple Computer Corporation PowerPC G3 processor, and the like. Further, higher speed processors are contemplated in other embodiments as technology increases in the future.
In the CPU module, peripheral controller 213 is coupled to BIOS/flash memory 217. Additionally, the peripheral controller is coupled to a clock control logic, a configuration signal, and a peripheral bus. The ACM has the hard drive module 215. Among other elements, the ACM includes north bridge 215, graphics subsystem 223 (e.g., graphics accelerator, graphics memory), an IDE controller, and other components. Adjacent to and in parallel alignment with the hard drive module 215 is the PCI bus. In a specific embodiment, North Bridge unit 211 often couples to a computer memory 209, to the graphics subsystem, and to the peripheral controller via the PCI bus. Graphics subsystem typically couples to a graphics memory, and other elements. IDE controller generally supports and provides timing signals necessary for the IDE bus. In the present embodiment, the IDE controller is embodied as part of a P114XE controller from Intel, for example. Other types of buses than IDE are contemplated, for example EIDE, SCSI, 1394, and the like in alternative embodiments of the present invention.
The hard drive module or mass storage unit 215 typically includes a computer operating system, application software program files, data files, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the computer operating system may be the Windows98 operating system from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond Wash. Other operating systems, such as WindowsNT, MacOS8, Unix, and the like are also contemplated in alternative embodiments of the present invention. Further, some typical application software programs can include Office98 by Microsoft Corporation, Corel Perfect Suite by Corel, and others. Hard disk module 215 includes a hard disk drive. The hard disk drive, however, can also be replaced by removable hard disk drives, read/write CD ROMs, flash memory, floppy disk drives, and the like. A small form factor, for example 2.5′′, is currently contemplated, however, other form factors, such as PC card, and the like are also contemplated. Mass storage unit 240 may also support other interfaces than IDE.
Among other features, the computer system includes an ACM with security protection.
The ACM also has a network controller, which can be coupled to a serial port 302, which is coupled to the PCI bus in the ACM. The serial port is coupled to the peripheral console through a serial controller 301 in the serial console. The serial controller is connected to PCI bus 239. The serial controller is also coupled to a serial hub controller 303, which is coupled to the PCI bus and a second ACM. In a specific embodiment, a receptacle board 310 is added to connect to the second ACM. The purpose of the receptacle board is to allow a cable connection 307 to the peripheral board 300. The cable connection is possible because the signals needed to connect to the peripheral board can be limited to video, I/O, serial communication, and power. The serial communication controller can be placed on the receptacle board and not in the ACM. As shown, the serial bus controller couples to the PCI bus. The receptacle board also couples to power, graphics subsystem, I/O controller, and other elements, which may be on a common bus. The overall operation of the present configuration is similar to the previous one except it operates in serial communication mode.
The Dual ACM system can support different usage models:
1. One user using both ACMs concurrently with 1 or 2 monitors, and a common keyboard/mouse.
2. Two users using the two separate ACMs at the same time with separate monitors and keyboard/mouse. The 2 users share peripherals, e.g., printer, CDROM, and others. The two users share external networking.
To support 1 monitor for both ACMs, a video switch in the peripheral console is used to switch between the video outputs of the two ACMs. The system can be set to support either 1 monitor or 2-monitor mode. The user presses a special key on the keyboard or a special icon on the screen to switch the screen display from one ACM to the other. This same action causes the keyboard and mouse connections to switch from one ACM to the other ACM.
A dual ACM system can save space, wiring, and cost for a 2-person PC setup, with the added benefit that both PC systems can be accessed from one user site for increased system performance if the other user is not using the system. Files can be copied between the primary drive of both system and provides protection against a single ACM failure. Software needs to be developed to manage the concurrent use of two PC subsystems, the automatic sharing of selected files between the two systems, and fault tolerance.
The design with more than two computer modules can be implemented with the use of multi-port, serial communication hub controller and multi-port I/O switches. In one embodiment, a peripheral console has four computer bays for four separate computer modules. The computer modules communicate through a four port Ethernet hub. The video, keyboard, and mouse switch will cycle through the connection from each computer module to the external monitor, keyboard, and mouse with a push button sequentially. This embodiment is useful for a server that performs different functions concurrently, e.g. email, application hosting, web hosting, firewall, etc.
The above embodiments are described generally in terms of hardware and software. It will be recognized, however, that the functionality of the hardware can be further combined or even separated. The functionality of the software can also be further combined or even separated. Hardware can be replaced, at times, with software. Software can be replaced, at times, with hardware. Accordingly, the present embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims here. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an example which should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize many other variations, modifications, and alternatives. The present diagram illustrates an automatic file backup procedure from one computer module to the other. As shown, a user selects (step 401) a certain file in one of the computer module for automatic backup. Next, the method determines if another module is available, step 403. If so, the method in the originating module requests the other computer module to create (step 405) backup file. Alternatively, the method alerts the user of the missing or malfunctioning module, step 429. The method then has the user try later 431, once the missing or malfunctioning module has been replaced or repaired. Next, the method determines if there is sufficient storage available in the other computer module for the backup files. If so, the method goes to the next step. (Alternatively, the method prompts (step 433) a message to the user indicating that the storage is full.) In the next step, the method stores the backup file in memory of the other module. After the backup file has been successfully created (step 409), the software in the originating ACM sets a timer to check (step 411) for file modification via branches 423, 427 through continue, step 425 process. If a file selected for backup has been modified (step 415), then the file is automatically back up to the other ACM again, step 417. Alternatively, the method returns to step 411 through branch 421.
The above embodiments are described generally in terms of hardware and software. It will be recognized, however, that the functionality of the hardware can be further combined or even separated. The functionality of the software can also be further combined or even separated. Hardware can be replaced, at times, with software. Software can be replaced, at times, with hardware. Accordingly, the present embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims here. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
FIG. 5 is a simplified side-view diagram of a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an illustration and should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives. Some of the reference numerals are similar to the previous FIG. for easy reading. As shown, the ACM module inserts into the computer module bay frame 519, which is in the console. A side 527 and a bottom 519 of ACM slide and fit firmly into the computer module bay frame, which has at least a bottom portion 519 and back portion 526. A backside 523 of the ACM faces backside 526 of the frame. ACM also has a front-side or face 525 that houses the lock and exposes the keyhole 513 to a user. The key 511 is insertable from the face into the keyhole.
As the ACM inserts into the frame, connector 517 couples and inserts into connector 521. Connector 517 electrically and mechanically interface elements of the ACM to the console through connector 521. Latch 514 should be moved away from the bottom side 519 of the module bay frame before inserting the ACM into the frame. Once the ACM is inserted fully into the frame, latch 515 is placed in a closed or lock position, where it keeps the ACM firmly in place. That is, latch 515 biases against a backside portion 529 of the ACM enclosure to hold the ACM in place, where the connector 517 firmly engages, electrically and mechanically, with connector 521. To remove the ACM, latch 515 is moved away or opened from the back side portion of the ACM enclosure. ACM is manually pulled out of the computer module bay frame, where connector 517 disengages with connector 521. As shown, the key 511 is used to selectively move the latch in the open or locked position to secure the ACM into the frame module.
In most embodiments, the ACM includes an enclosure such as the one described with the following components, which should not be limiting:

    1) A CPU with cache memory;
    2) Core logic device or means;
    3) Main memory;
    4) A single primary Hard Disk Drive (“HDD”) that has a security program;
    5) Flash memory with system BIOS and programmable user password;
    6) Operating System, application software, data files on primary HDD;
    7) An interface device and connectors to peripheral console;
    8) A software controllable mechanical lock, lock control means, and other accessories.


The ACM connects to a peripheral console with power supply, a display device, an input device, and other elements. Some details of these elements with the present security system are described in more detail below.
FIG. 6 is a simplified layout diagram of a security system for a computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an illustration and should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives. The layout diagram illustrates the top-view of the module 610, where the backside components (e.g., Host Interface Controller) are depicted in dashed lines. The layout diagram has a first portion, which includes a central processing unit (“CPU”) module 600, and a second portion, which includes a hard drive module 620. A common printed circuit board 637 houses these modules and the like. Among other features, the ACM includes the central processing unit module 600 with a cache memory 605, which is coupled to a north bridge unit 621, and a host interface controller 601. The host interface controller includes a lock control 603. As shown, the CPU module is disposed on a first portion of the attached computer module, and couples to connectors 617. Here, the CPU module is spatially located near connector 617.
The CPU module can use a suitable microprocessing unit, microcontroller, digital signal processor, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the CPU module uses, for example, a 400 MHz Pentium II microprocessor module from Intel Corporation and like microprocessors from AMD Corporation, Cyrix Corporation (now National Semiconductor Corporation), and others. In other aspects, the microprocessor can be one such as the Compaq Computer Corporation Alpha Chip, Apple Computer Corporation PowerPC G3 processor, and the like. Further, higher speed processors are contemplated in other embodiments as technology increases in the future.
In the CPU module, host interface controller 601 is coupled to BIOS/flash memory 605. Additionally, the host interface controller is coupled to a clock control logic, a configuration signal, and a peripheral bus. The present invention has a host interface controller that has lock control 603 to provide security features to the present ACM. Furthermore, the present invention uses a flash memory that includes codes to provide password protection or other electronic security methods.
The second portion of the attached computer module has the hard drive module 620. Among other elements, the hard drive module includes north bridge 621, graphics accelerator 623, graphics memory 625, a power controller 627, an IDE controller 629, and other components. Adjacent to and in parallel alignment with the hard drive module is a personal computer interface (“PCI”) bus 631, 632. A power regulator 635 is disposed near the PCI bus.
In a specific embodiment, north bridge unit 621 often couples to a computer memory, to the graphics accelerator 623, to the IDE controller, and to the host interface controller via the PCI bus. Graphics accelerator 623 typically couples to a graphics memory 623, and other elements. IDE controller 629 generally supports and provides timing signals necessary for the IDE bus. In the present embodiment, the IDE controller is embodied as a 643U2 PCI-to IDE chip from CMD Technology, for example. Other types of buses than IDE are contemplated, for example EIDE, SCSI, 1394, and the like in alternative embodiments of the present invention.
The hard drive module or mass storage unit 620 typically includes a computer operating system, application software program files, data files, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the computer operating system may be the Windows 98 operating system from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond Wash. Other operating systems, such as WindowsNT, MacOS8, Unix, and the like are also contemplated in alternative embodiments of the present invention. Further, some typical application software programs can include Office98 by Microsoft Corporation, Corel Perfect Suite by Corel, and others. Hard disk module 620 includes a hard disk drive. The hard disk drive, however, can also be replaced by removable hard disk drives, read/write CD ROMs, flash memory, floppy disk drives, and the like. A small form factor, for example 2.5′′, is currently contemplated, however, other form factors, such as PC card, and the like are also contemplated. Mass storage unit 240 may also support other interfaces than IDE. Among other features, the computer system includes an ACM with security protection. The ACM connects to the console, which has at least the following elements, which should not be limiting.

    1) Connection to input devices, e.g. keyboard or mouse;
    2) Connection to display devices, e.g. Monitor;
    3) Add-on means, e.g. PCI add-on slots;
    4) Removable storage media subsystem, e.g. Floppy drive, CDROM drive;
    5) Communication device, e.g. LAN or modem;
    6) An interface device and connectors to ACM;
    7) A computer module bay with a notch in the frame for ACM's lock; and
    8) Power supply and other accessories.


As noted, the computer module bay is an opening in a peripheral console that receives the ACM. The computer module bay provides mechanical support and protection to ACM. The module bay also includes, among other elements, a variety of thermal components for heat dissipation, a frame that provides connector alignment, and a lock engagement, which secures the ACM to the console. The bay also has a printed circuit board to mount and mate the connector from the ACM to the console. The connector provides an interface between the ACM and other accessories.
FIG. 7 is a simplified block diagram 700 of a security system for a computer module according to an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is merely an illustration and should not limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives. The block diagram 700 has a variety of features such as those noted above, as well as others. In the present diagram, different reference numerals are used to show the operation of the present system.
The block diagram is an attached computer module 700. The module 700 has a central processing unit, which communicates to a north bridge 741, by way of a CPU bus 727. The north bridge couples to main memory 723 via memory bus 729. The main memory can be any suitable high speed memory device or devices such as dynamic random access memory (“DRAM”) integrated circuits and others. The DRAM includes at least 32 Meg. or 64 Meg. and greater of memory, but can also be less depending upon the application. Alternatively, the main memory can be coupled directly with the CPU in some embodiments. The north bridge also couples to a graphics subsystem 715 via bus 742. The graphics subsystem can include a graphics accelerator, graphics memory, and other devices. Graphics subsystem transmits a video signal to an interface connector, which couples to a display, for example.
The attached computer module also includes a primary hard disk drive that serves as a main memory unit for programs and the like. The hard disk can be any suitable drive that has at least 2 GB and greater. As merely an example, the hard disk is a Marathon 2250 (2.25 GB, 21⁄2 inch drive) product made by Seagate Corporation of Scotts Valley, but can be others. The hard disk communicates to the north bridge by way of a hard disk drive controller and bus lines 702 and 731. The hard disk drive controller couples to the north bridge by way of the host PCI bus, which connects bus 737 to the north bridge. The hard disk includes computer codes that implement a security program according to the present invention. Details of the security program are provided below.
The attached computer module also has a flash memory device 705 with a BIOS. The flash memory device 705 also has codes for a user password that can be stored in the device. The flash memory device generally permits the storage of such password without a substantial use of power, even when disconnected. As merely an example, the flash memory device has at least 4 Meg. or greater of memory, or 16 Meg. or greater of memory. A host interface controller 707 communications to the north bridge via bus 735 and host PCI bus. The host interface controller also has a lock control 709, which couples to a lock. The lock is attached to the module and has a manual override to the lock on the host interface controller in some embodiments. Host interface controller 707 communicates to the console using bus 711, which couples to connection 713.
In one aspect of the present invention the security system uses a combination of electrical and mechanical locking mechanisms. Referring to FIG. 7A, for example, the present system provides a lock status mechanism in the host interface controller 709. The lock status of the lock is determined by checking a lock status bit 749, which is in the host interface controller. The lock status bit is determined by a signal 753, which is dependent upon the position of the lock. Here, the position of the lock is closed in the ground 759 position, where the latch couples to a ground plane in the module and/or system. Alternatively, the signal of the lock is at Vcc, for example, which is open. Alternatively, the signal can be ground in the open position and Vcc in the closed position, depending upon the application. Other signal schemes can also be used depending upon the application.
Once the status is determined, the host interface controller turns the lock via solenoid 757 in a lock on or lock off position, which is provided through the control bit 751, for example. The control bit is in a register of the host interface controller in the present example. By way of the signal schemes noted and the control bit, it is possible to place the lock in the lock or unlock position in an electronic manner. Once the status of the lock is determined, the host interface controller can either lock or unlock the latch on the module using a variety of prompts, for example.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention uses a password protection scheme to electronically prevent unauthorized access to the computer module. The present password protection scheme uses a combination of software, which is a portion of the security program, and a user password, which can be stored in the flash memory device 705. By way of the flash memory device, the password does not become erased by way of power failure or the lock. The password is substantially fixed in code, which cannot be easily erased. Should the user desire to change the password, it can readily be changed by erasing the code, which is stored in flash memory and a new code (i.e., password) is written into the flash memory. An example of a flash memory device can include a Intel Flash 28F800F3 series flash, which is available in 8 Mbit and 16 Mbit designs. Other types of flash devices can also be used, however. Details of a password protection method are further explained below by way of the FIG.
In a specific embodiment, the present invention also includes a real-time clock 710 in the ACM, but is not limited. The real-time clock can be implemented using a reference oscillator 14.31818 MHz 708 that couples to a real-time clock circuit. The real-time clock circuit can be in the host interface controller. An energy source 706 such as a battery can be used to keep the real-time clock circuit running even when the ACM has been removed from the console. The real-time clock can be used by a security program to perform a variety of functions. As merely an example, these functions include: (1) fixed time period in which the ACM can be used, e.g., ACM cannot be used at night; (2) programmed ACM to be used after certain date, e.g., high security procedure during owner's vacation or non use period; (3) other uses similar to a programmable time lock. Further details of the present real-time clock are described in the application listed under Ser. No. 09/183,816 noted above.
In still a further embodiment, the present invention also includes a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module. In one embodiment, the permanent password or user code is stored in a flash memory device. Alternatively, the permanent password or user code is stored in the central processing unit. The password or user code can be placed in the device upon manufacture of such device. Alternatively, the password or user code can be placed in the device by a one time programming techniques using, for example, fuses or the like. The present password or user code provides a permanent “finger print” on the device, which is generally hardware. The permanent finger print can be used for identification purposes for allowing the user of the hardware to access the hardware itself, as well as other systems. These other systems include local and wide area networks. Alternatively, the systems can also include one or more servers. The present password and user identification can be quite important for electronic commerce applications and the like. In one or more embodiments, the permanent password or user code can be combined with the password on flash memory for the security program.
In one aspect of the invention, the user password is programmable. The password can be programmable by way of the security program. The password can be stored in a flash memory device within the ACM. Accordingly, the user of the ACM and the console would need to have the user password in order to access the ACM. In the present aspect, the combination of a security program and user password can provide the user a wide variety of security functions as follows:

    1) Auto-lock capability when ACM is inserted into CMB;
    2) Access privilege of program and data;
    3) Password matching for ACM removal; and
    4) Automatic HDD lock out if tampering is detected.


In still a further embodiment, the present invention also includes a method for reading a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module. In one embodiment, the permanent password or user code is stored in a flash memory device. Alternatively, the permanent password or user code is stored in the central processing unit. The password or user code can be placed in the device upon manufacture of such device. Alternatively, the password or user code can be placed in the device by a one time programming techniques using, for example, fuses or the like. The present password or user code provides a permanent “finger print” on the device, which is generally hardware. The permanent finger print can be used for identification purposes for allowing the user of the hardware to access the hardware itself, as well as other systems. These other systems include local and wide area networks. Alternatively, the systems can also include one or more servers. The present method allows a third party confirm the user by way of the permanent password or user code. The present password and user identification can be quite important for electronic commerce applications and the like, which verify the user code or password. In one or more embodiments, the permanent password or user code can be combined with the password on flash memory for the security program.
An embodiment of a computer module in accordance with the present invention, comprises, an enclosure, said enclosure being insertable into a console; a central processing unit in said enclosure, said central processing unit comprising a microprocessor based integrated circuit chip; a hard disk drive in said enclosure, said hard disk drive being coupled to said central processing unit; and a programmable memory device in said enclosure, said programmable memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing a possibility of unauthorized use of said hard disk drive.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the computer module may further comprise a host interface controller for providing a status of a locking device in said enclosure.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the computer module may further comprise a mechanical locking device that is coupled to said programmable memory device.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the computer module may further comprise a host interface controller coupled to a mechanical locking device, said host interface controller being coupled to said programmable memory device.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the programmable memory device may further comprise a flash memory device.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the programmable memory device may further comprise a flash memory device having at least 8 Mbits of cells and greater.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the computer module may further comprise a security program in a main memory.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the security program may comprise a code for storing a password on said programmable memory device.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the security program may comprise a code for checking a time from said real-time clock circuit.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the computer module may further comprise a host interface controller coupled to a solenoid that drives a mechanical lock in a first position to a second position. In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the solenoid also drives said mechanical lock from said second position to said first position.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the computer module may further comprise a real-time clock circuit coupled to said central processing unit.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the computer module may further comprise a battery coupled to a host interface controller that includes said real-time clock.
An embodiment of a method in accordance with the present invention for operating a computer system, comprises, inserting an attached computer module (“ACM”) into a bay of a modular computer system, said ACM comprising a microprocessor unit coupled to a mass memory storage device; applying power to said computer system and said ACM to execute a security program, said security program being stored in said mass memory storage device; and prompting for a user password from a user on a display.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the ACM may comprise an enclosure that houses said microprocessor unit and said mass memory storage device.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, a user password may be provided to said security program.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, a flash memory device may store a desired password for said ACM.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the flash memory device maintains said desired password when power is removed from said ACM.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the flash memory device is coupled to a host interface controller that is coupled to the microprocessor based unit.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the mass memory storage device comprises a code directed to comparing said user password with a desired password.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises identifying a permanent password or user code on said attached computer module.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the method wherein the permanent password or user code is stored in the microprocessor unit.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the method wherein the permanent password or user code is stored in a flash memory device coupled to the microprocessor unit.
The above embodiments are described generally in terms of hardware and software. It will be recognized, however, that the functionality of the hardware can be further combined or even separated. The functionality of the software can also be further combined or even separated. Hardware can be replaced, at times, with software. Software can be replaced, at times, with hardware. Accordingly, the present embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims here. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
While the above is a full description of the specific embodiments, various modifications, alternative constructions and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above description and illustrations should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention which is defined by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising a power supply, a first coupling site and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot, the console being a first enclosure housing the coupling sites,
a serial communication controller powered by the power supply, and
a plurality of computer modules; each computer module coupled to one of the coupling site through the connector and the slot, comprising
a second enclosure,
a processing unit,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a graphics controller, and
a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module;
wherein each of the computer modules is substantially similar in design to each other and operates fully independent of each other.

2. The computer system of claim 1 wherein each computer module further comprises a communication controller coupled to the serial communication controller in the console adapted to transfer data between any two of the computer modules and to an external network.

3. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the computer module further comprises a mass storage unit storing a security program.

4. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the console further comprises a video switch coupled to the graphics controller of the computer module.

5. The computer system of claim 1 wherein the computer module further comprises an interface controller that communicates to the console.

6. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising a power supply, a first coupling site and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot, the console being an enclosure housing the coupling sites,
an Ethernet controller coupled to an external network and powered by the power supply, and
a plurality of computer modules; each computer module coupled to one of the coupling site through the connector and the slot, comprising
a processing unit,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module, and
a network controller coupled to the Ethernet controller through the connector of the coupling site,
wherein each of the computer modules is substantially similar in design to each other, and wherein one of the computer modules is configured to provide protection against failure of another of the computer modules.

7. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the computer module further comprises a mass storage unit storing a security program.

8. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the console further comprises a video switch coupled to the graphics controller of the computer module.

9. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the flash memory device further comprises codes to provide password protection for the computer module.

10. The computer system of claim 6 wherein the Ethernet controller adapted to transfer data between any two of the computer modules and to the external network.

11. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising an Ethernet hub controller, a first coupling site and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot, the console being a first enclosure housing the Ethernet hub controller, each coupling site, and
a plurality of computer modules, each coupled to one of the coupling sites through the connector and the slot; each computer module comprising
a second enclosure,
a processing unit,
a graphics subsystem,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module, and
an Ethernet controller coupled to the Ethernet hub controller through the connector of the coupling site for communication between the computer modules;
and wherein each of the computer modules operates fully independent of each other.

12. The computer system of claim 11 wherein the computer module further comprises a mass storage unit storing a security program.

13. The computer system of claim 11 wherein the console further comprises a video switch coupled to the graphics controller of the computer module.

14. The computer system of claim 11 wherein the flash memory device further comprises codes to provide password protection for the computer module.

15. The computer system of claim 11 wherein the Ethernet controller adapted to transfer data between any two of the computer modules and to the external network.

16. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising a power supply, a first coupling site and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot, the console being an enclosure housing the coupling sites,
a serial communication controller powered by the power supply, and
a plurality of computer modules; each computer module coupled to one of the coupling site through the connector and the slot, comprising
a processing unit,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a communication controller coupled to the serial communication controller through the connector of the coupling site, and
a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module;
wherein each of the computer modules operates fully independent of each other, and wherein one of the computer modules can replace another one of the computer modules in operation.

17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein the computer module further comprises a mass storage unit storing a security program.

18. The computer system of claim 16 wherein the console further comprises a video switch coupled to the graphics controller of the computer module.

19. The computer system of claim 16 further comprises a hard disk drive coupled to the computer module.

20. The computer system of claim 16 wherein the flash memory device further comprises codes to provide password protection for the computer module.

21. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising a video switch, a first coupling site and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot; the console being an enclosure housing the video switch, each coupling site,
an Ethernet controller coupled to an external network, and
a plurality of computer modules; each computer module coupled to one of the coupling sites through the connector and the slot, and comprising
a processing unit,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a graphics controller coupled to the video switch, and
a mass storage device with a security program;
wherein each of the computer modules operates fully independent of each other;

and wherein the security program provides password protection of the computer module.

22. The computer system of claim 21 wherein each computer module further comprises a network controller coupled to the Ethernet controller in the console adapted to transfer data between any two of the computer modules and to an external network.

23. The computer system of claim 21 wherein the computer module further comprises an enclosure.

24. The computer system of claim 21 wherein the computer module further comprises a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module.

25. The computer system of claim 21 wherein the computer module further comprises a permanent password or user identification to identify the computer module.

26. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising an Ethernet hub controller, a first coupling site and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot, the console being an enclosure housing the Ethernet hub controller, each coupling site, and
a plurality of computer modules, each coupled to one of the coupling sites through the connector and the slot; each computer module comprising
a processing unit,
a graphics controller,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a SCSI hard disk drive with a security program, and
an Ethernet controller coupled to the Ethernet hub controller through the connector of the coupling site for communication between the computer modules;
wherein each of the computer modules operates independent of each other, and wherein one of the computer modules can replace another one of the computer modules in operation.

27. The computer system of claim 26 wherein the security program provides password protection of the computer module.

28. The computer system of claim 26 wherein the SCSI hard disk drive is removable while the computer module is in operation.

29. The computer system of claim 26 wherein the console further comprises a video switch coupled to the video output of the computer module.

30. The computer system of claim 26 wherein the computer module further comprises a permanent password or user identification to identify the computer module.

31. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot; the console being an enclosure housing each coupling site,
an Ethernet hub controller, and
a plurality of computer modules; each computer module coupled to the coupling site through the connector and the slot, and comprising
a processing unit,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a graphics controller,
an Ethernet controller coupled to the Ethernet hub controller through the connector of the coupling site for communication between the computer modules,
a hard disk drive, and
a security program in combination with a password is configured to provide lock out of the hard disk drive;
wherein each of the computer modules is substantially similar in design to each other, and wherein one of the computer modules can provide protection against failure of another one of the computer modules.

32. The computer system of claim 31 wherein the computer module further comprises a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module.

33. The computer system of claim 31 wherein the hard disk drive is removable while the computer module is in operation.

34. The computer system of claim 31 wherein the console further comprises a video switch coupled to the video output of the computer module.

35. The computer system of claim 31 wherein the computer module further comprises a permanent password or user identification to identify the computer module.

36. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising an Ethernet controller coupled to an external network, a keyboard/mouse multi-port switch, a first coupling site and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot, the console being an enclosure housing the Ethernet controller, each coupling site, and
a plurality of computer modules, each coupled to one of the coupling sites through the connector and the slot; each computer module comprising
a processing unit,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a security program to provide password protection for the computer module, and
a network controller coupled to the Ethernet controller through the connector of the coupling site for communication between the computer modules;
wherein each of the computer modules operates fully independent of each other; and wherein the keyboard/mouse multi-port switch switches between keyboard/mouse connection of the computer modules based on a command from a user.

37. The computer system of claim 36 wherein the computer module further comprises a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module.

38. The computer system of claim 36 wherein the computer module further comprises a mass storage unit storing the security program.

39. The computer system of claim 36 wherein the computer module further comprises a permanent password or user identification to identify the computer module.

40. The computer system of claim 36 wherein the command from the user is in the form of either a key on the keyboard or an icon on the screen that the mouse can click on.

41. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising a first coupling site, a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector, the console being an enclosure that is capable of housing each coupling site,
a serial communication hub controller coupled to an external network, and
a plurality of computer modules inserted into said console; each computer module coupled to one of the connectors of the console and comprising,
a processing unit,
a communication controller coupled to the serial communication hub controller through the connector of the coupling site to support communication with the other modules,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a permanent password or identification code for allowing data access of the computer module, and
a graphics controller coupled to the processing unit;
wherein each of the computer modules provide independent processing in the computer system; and wherein one of the computer modules is configured to provide protection against failure of another of the plurality of computer modules.

42. The computer system of claim 41 wherein the computer module further comprises a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module.

43. The computer system of claim 41 wherein the computer module further comprises a mass storage unit storing a security program.

44. The computer system of claim 41 wherein the console further comprises a video switch coupled to the video output of the computer module.

45. The computer system of claim 41 wherein the permanent password is stored in the central processing unit.

46. A computer system comprising:
a console comprising an Ethernet hub controller, a first coupling site and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot, the console being an enclosure housing the Ethernet hub controller, the coupling sites, and
a plurality of computer modules, each coupled to one of the coupling sites through the connector and the slot; each computer module comprising
a processing unit,
a main memory coupled to the processing unit,
a permanent password or identification code for allowing data access of the computer module, and
an Ethernet controller coupled to the Ethernet hub controller through the connector of the coupling site for communication to another computer module;
wherein each of the computer modules operates fully independent of each other.

47. The computer system of claim 46 wherein the computer module further comprises a flash memory device being configurable to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module.

48. The computer system of claim 46 wherein the enclosure houses a hard disk drive coupled to the computer module.

49. The computer system of claim 46 wherein the computer module further comprises a mass storage unit storing a security program.

50. The computer system of claim 46 wherein the permanent password is stored in the central processing unit.

51. A method for operating a computer system, said method comprising:
inserting a computer module into a coupling site of a console comprising
an Ethernet controller, a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot;
the computer module comprising an enclosure, a processing unit coupled to a mass storage device, and a network controller coupled to the Ethernet controller through the connector of the coupling site;
inserting a second computer module into a coupling site of the console;
applying power to said computer module to execute a security program, said security program being stored in said mass storage device; and
prompting for a user password from a user on a display coupled to the console; and wherein said user password has to be electrically communicated to the computer module from the console, wherein each of the computer modules operates fully independent of each other.

52. The method of claim 51 further comprises providing the user password to the security program for controlling access to the data in the mass storage device.

53. The method of claim 51 further comprises sending the user password through a keyboard switch in the console.

54. The method of claim 51 further comprises locking out the mass storage device if tampering is detected.

55. A method for operating a computer system, said method comprising:
providing a console comprising an Ethernet hub controller, a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot;
inserting a first computer module into the first coupling site of the console; said computer module comprising a microprocessor unit coupled to a mass memory storage device;
applying power to said computer module to execute a security program, said security program being stored in said mass storage device; and
prompting for a user password from a user on a display coupled to the console;
sending the user password to the security program for access control to the computer module;
inserting a second computer module into the second coupling site of the console; the second computer module is substantially similar in design to the first computer module;
providing communication between the computer modules through the Ethernet hub controller;
wherein the computer modules operate fully independent of each other; and one of the computer modules can be configured to provide protection against failure of the other computer module.

56. The method of claim 55 further comprises providing the user password to the security program for controlling access to the data in the mass storage device.

57. The method of claim 55 further comprises sending the user password through a keyboard switch in the console.

58. The method of claim 55 further comprises locking out the mass storage device if tampering is detected.

59. The method of claim 55 further comprises providing a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module.

60. A method for operating a computer system, said method comprising:
providing a console comprising an serial communication controller coupled to an external network, a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot;
inserting a first computer module into the first coupling site of the console; said computer module comprising a microprocessor unit coupled to a mass memory storage device;
applying power to said computer module to execute a security program, said security program being stored in said mass storage device; and
prompting for a user password from a user on a display coupled to the console;
providing the user password to the security program for access control to the computer module;
inserting a second computer module into the second coupling site of the console; the second computer module is substantially similar in design to the first computer module;
providing communication between the computer modules through the serial communication controller and to the external network;
wherein the computer modules operate fully independent of each other; and one of the computer modules can replace another one of the computer modules in operation.

61. The method of claim 60 further comprises providing the user password to the security program for controlling access to the data in the mass storage device.

62. The method of claim 60 further comprises sending the user password through a keyboard switch in the console.

63. The method of claim 60 further comprises locking out the mass storage device if tampering is detected.

64. The method of claim 60 further comprises providing a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module.

65. A method for operating a computer system, said method comprising:
providing a console comprising an Ethernet controller coupled to an external network, a video switch a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot;
inserting a first computer module into the first coupling site of the console; said computer module comprising a microprocessor unit coupled to a mass memory storage device;
applying power to said computer module to execute a security program, said security program being stored in said mass storage device; and
prompting for a user password from a user on a display coupled to the video switch;
providing the user password to the security program for access control to the computer module;
inserting a second computer module into the second coupling site of the console; the second computer module is substantially similar in design to the first computer module;
providing communication of the computer modules to the external network through the connectors of the console and the Ethernet controller;
wherein the computer modules operate fully independent of each other.

66. The method of claim 65 further comprises providing the user password to the security program for controlling access to the data in the mass storage device.

67. The method of claim 65 further comprises sending the user password to a keyboard switch in the console.

68. The method of claim 65 further comprises locking out the mass storage device if tampering is detected.

69. The method of claim 65 further comprises providing a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module.

70. A method for operating a computer system, said method comprising:
inserting a computer module into a coupling site of a console comprising
an Ethernet controller, a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot;
the computer module comprising a processing unit, a mass storage device, a flash memory device configured to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module, and a network controller coupled to the Ethernet controller through the connector of the coupling site;
inserting a second computer module into a coupling site of the console;
applying power to said computer module; and
prompting for the password from a user on a display coupled to the console;

wherein said password is electrically communicated to the computer module from the console, wherein each of the computer modules operates fully independent of each other.

71. The method of claim 70 further comprises providing the password to a security program in the computer module for controlling access to the computer module.

72. The method of claim 70 further comprises sending the user password to a keyboard switch in the console.

73. The method of claim 70 further comprises locking out the mass storage device if tampering is detected.

74. A method for operating a computer system, said method comprising:
providing a console comprising an Ethernet hub controller, a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot;
inserting a first computer module into the first coupling site of the console; said computer module comprising a microprocessor unit, a security program, and a flash memory device configured to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module;
applying power to said computer module; and
prompting for the password from a user on a display coupled to the console;
sending the password to the security program for access control to the computer module;
inserting a second computer module into the second coupling site of the console; the second computer module is substantially similar in design to the first computer module;
providing communication between the computer modules through the Ethernet hub controller;
wherein the computer modules operate fully independent of each other; and one of the computer modules can be configured to provide protection against failure of the other computer module.

75. The method of claim 74 further comprises storing the security program in the flash memory.

76. The method of claim 74 further comprises sending the password to a keyboard switch in the console.

77. The method of claim 74 further comprises storing the security program in a mass storage device.

78. The method of claim 74 further comprises providing a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module.

79. A method for operating a computer system, said method comprising:
providing a console comprising an serial communication controller coupled to an external network, a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot;
inserting a first computer module into the first coupling site of the console; said computer module comprising a microprocessor unit, a security program configured to store a password for preventing unauthorized access to the computer module;
applying power to said computer module; and
prompting for the password from a user on a display coupled to the console;
providing the password to the security program for access control to the computer module;
inserting a second computer module into the second coupling site of the console; the second computer module is substantially similar in design to the first computer module;
providing communication between the computer modules through the serial communication controller and to the external network;
wherein the computer modules operate fully independent of each other; and one of the computer modules can replace another one of the computer modules in operation.

80. The method of claim 79 further comprises storing the security program in the flash memory.

81. The method of claim 79 further comprises sending the password to a keyboard switch in the console.

82. The method of claim 79 further comprises storing the security program in a mass storage device.

83. The method of claim 79 further comprises providing a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module.

84. A method for operating a computer system, said method comprising:
providing a console comprising an Ethernet controller coupled to an external network, a video switch, a first coupling site, and a second coupling site, each coupling site comprising a connector and a slot;
inserting a first computer module into the first coupling site of the console; said computer module comprising a microprocessor unit, a security program, and a flash memory device;
applying power to said computer module to execute the security program; and
prompting for the password from a user on a display coupled to the video switch;
providing the password to the security program for access control to the computer module;
inserting a second computer module into the second coupling site of the console; the second computer module is substantially similar in design to the first computer module;
providing communication of the computer modules to the external network through the connectors of the console and the Ethernet controller;
wherein the computer modules operate fully independent of each other; and one of the computer modules can replace another one of the computer modules in operation.

85. The method of claim 84 further comprises storing the security program in the flash memory.

86. The method of claim 84 further comprises sending the password to a keyboard switch in the console.

87. The method of claim 84 further comprises storing the security program in a mass storage device.

88. The method of claim 84 further comprises providing a permanent password or user identification code to identify the computer module.