[Cite as In re C.W., 2018-Ohio-3837.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT 

HANCOCK COUNTY 

 

IN RE: 

 CASE NO. 5-18-04 

 C.W., 

DEPENDENT CHILD. 

 O P I N I O N 

[ANDRE WHITE - APPELLANT] 

 

Appeal from Hancock County Common Pleas Court 

Juvenile Division 

Trial Court No. 20163001 

Judgment Affirmed 

Date of Decision: September 24, 2018 

 

APPEARANCES: 

Timothy J. Hoover for Appellant 

Wesley R. True for Appellee 

 

 
Case No. 5-18-04 

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WILLAMOWSKI, P.J. 

{¶1} Father-Appellant Andre White (“White”) brings this appeal from the 

judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Hancock County, Juvenile Division, 

terminating White’s parental rights. White alleges on appeal that the trial court 

abused its discretion in admitting evidence and that the judgment was against the 

manifest weight of the evidence. For the reasons set forth below, the judgment is 

affirmed. 

{¶2} C.W. was born to White and Brandy Johnson (“Johnson”) on July 3, 

2012. Doc. 1. On January 8, 2016, the Hancock County Job and Family Services: 

Child Protective Services Unit (“the Agency”) filed a complaint alleging that C.W. 

was a neglected and dependent child and sought temporary custody of the child. Id. 

Johnson was notified of the interim hearing prior to the hearing, but the record does 

not indicate that White received notice of that hearing until after it was complete. 

Doc. 8. The trial court found that there was probable cause for the removal of C.W. 

from the home and granted temporary custody of the child to the Agency. Doc. 4. 

On February 10, 2016, a case plan was filed with the court. Doc. 12. Although the 

case plan listed requirements and services for Johnson, White was not included in 

the case plan. Id. A Guardian Ad Litem (“GAL”) was appointed for C.W. on Feb. 

17, 2016. Doc. 14. White was served with notice of the adjudication hearing on 

January 25, 2016. Doc. 8. An adjudication hearing was held on February 18, 2016. 

Doc. 16. Legal counsel for White was present at the hearing, though White was not 
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able to attend due to his incarceration. Id. The complaint was amended to remove 

the claim for neglect and the parties agreed to admit that C.W. was a dependent 

child. Id. The GAL filed a report and recommendation with the trial court on March 

9, 2016. Doc. 20. The GAL recommended that C.W. be returned to Johnson with 

protective supervision imposed. Id. The hearing on disposition was held on March 

10, 2016. Doc. 23. White was present for the hearing. Id. After the hearing, the 

trial court returned C.W. to Johnson and ordered protective supervision by the 

Agency. Id. A new case plan was filed which added White as a participant and 

required him to 1) maintain appropriate housing, 2) complete a mental health 

assessment, and 3) participate in parent education. Doc. 24. The amended case plan 

was approved and ordered into effect by the trial court on April 4, 2016. Doc. 26. 

The case review occurred on April 11, 2016.1

 Doc. 29. The review indicated that 

as of that time, White had not complied with the case plan as the Agency had not 

been able to contact White to set up a home visit or schedule visitation. Id. White 

had also not completed the mental health assessment or the parenting classes at the 

time of the review. Id. 

{¶3} On June 13, 2016, the Agency filed a motion for a change of disposition 

to temporary custody. Doc. 31. Johnson had been arrested again and C.W. had only 

had a couple of visits with White since being returned to Johnson’s custody. Doc. 

 

1

 This court recognizes that this was only one week later, so the lack of progress by White is not astonishing. 
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32. Therefore, the trial court granted an ex parte motion of the agency for 

emergency temporary custody. Id. A hearing was held on the motion on September 

8, 2016, and White was not present. Doc. 45. The trial court then ordered that the 

motion be granted and gave the Agency temporary custody of C.W. Id. An 

amended case plan was then filed on September 7, 2016. Doc. 43. The amended 

case plan required White to 1) participate in parent education, 2) maintain safe and 

stable housing and allow home visits, and 3) complete a mental health assessment. 

Id. White was offered weekly visits with C.W. Id. The amended case plan was 

implemented by the trial court on September 30, 2016. Doc. 46. 

{¶4} A semi-annual review was held on December 7, 2016. Doc. 51. The 

review indicated that White had made some progress on finding appropriate 

housing, but had not completed his parenting classes or mental health assessment. 

Id. The review also indicated that White was not consistent with his visits with 

C.W. Id. A three-month review was conducted on March 9, 2017. Doc. 56. This 

review indicated that White wanted to parent C.W., but did not feel comfortable 

utilizing the services offered. Id. The GAL filed a report on April 18, 2017, 

recommending that temporary custody remain with the Agency. Doc. 57. A hearing 

was held for the purpose of reviewing the case on April 20, 2017. Doc. 58. The 

trial court ordered that temporary custody remain with the Agency. Id. 

{¶5} On May 24, 2017, the Agency filed a motion for permanent custody 

claiming that C.W. had been in the custody of the agency for more than 12 months 
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of a consecutive 22-month period and that it would be in C.W.’s best interest to 

terminate the parental rights of Johnson and White. Doc. 59. A case review from 

May 17, 2017, was also filed. Doc. 61. The review indicates that White’s home 

appeared to be safe and free from hazards and that White had made some progress 

on this front. Id. However, White still had not participated in parent education or 

the mental health assessment. Id. Additionally, White still was not visiting with 

C.W. Id. A case review was completed on October 2, 2017. Doc. 84. The review 

indicated that White had “initiated case plan services” since the last review. Id. 

The review also indicated that White had started visiting with C.W., had housing, 

and had begun allowing the caseworker to conduct monthly home visits. Id. The 

report indicated that “some progress” had been made on this requirement. Id. White 

had also made some progress by beginning the parenting class. Id. Notably, White 

had made significant progress in completing a mental health and substance abuse 

assessment. Id. The assessment resulted in no recommendations being made for 

White. Id. A semi-annual case review was held on November 1, 2017. Doc. 86. 

The review noted that during the visits with C.W., White appropriately cared for 

and provided for the child and that he had a home, a job, and the capacity to provide 

for the child’s basic needs. Id. 

{¶6} On January 16, 2018, a hearing was held on the motion for permanent 

custody. Doc. 97. Johnson consented to the termination of her parental rights via a 

telephone interview by the trial court. Id. The Agency then presented the testimony 
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of three witnesses. Keshia Olague (“Olague”) testified that she was a case manager 

at Harmony House and oversaw the visits between White and C.W. Id. at 16. 

Olague noted that on October 7, 2016, White was placed on a 30-day suspension for 

missing four visits in a row, but did not begin his visits again until June 9, 2017. Id. 

at 18. Her records showed that from June 2017, until November 2017, White had 

25 visits scheduled, but missed 12. Id. at 17. From November 2017, until January 

2018, White had consistently attended visits. Id. at 21. Olague testified that 

generally the visits went well with White appropriately interacting, playing, and 

speaking with C.W. Id. at 19. Olague’s only issue was that White did not always 

correct C.W. when she behaved inappropriately by calling her father a name or 

swatting his arm. Id. at 19. 

{¶7} Tiffany Gerken (“Gerken”) testified that she had been the ongoing 

caseworker for C.W. since December 2016. Id. at 24. Gerken testified that C.W. 

was removed from Johnson’s care for the second time in June and was not placed 

with White because the Agency believed he was incarcerated at the time. Id. at 27. 

The Agency filed for permanent custody of C.W. because she had been in the 

custody of the Agency for more than 12 out of 22 consecutive months at the time of 

the motion. Id. at 28. At the time the motion was filed, White had not been working 

on the case plan and had not visited or communicated with C.W. in months. Id. 

{¶8} Gerken testified that the case plan had three objectives for White. The 

first was that White would obtain and maintain safe and stable housing. Id. at 31. 
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The first objective was sufficiently completed. Id. at 32. The second objective was 

for White to complete a parenting class. Id. White had successfully completed the 

parenting class by the time of the hearing. Id. at 33. The third objective was to have 

a mental health and substance use assessment and to comply with any 

recommendations. Id. at 33. The third objective was completed and no 

recommendations for any treatment were made. Id. at 33, 57. Gerken admitted that 

White had consistently visited with C.W. since August of 2017. Id. at 34. However, 

Gerken indicated that she was concerned about allowing him to have custody of 

C.W. due to his criminal history. Id. at 45, 67. In 2011, White was convicted of 

drug trafficking and placed on community control. Id. at 36-37. The community 

control was later revoked. Id. at 38. In 2014, White was convicted for theft and 

was sentenced to 12 months in prison. Id. at 39-40. In 2017, White was convicted 

of inducing panic and was sentenced to community control. Id. at 41-42. Gerken 

also provided copies of screen shots she had taken of White’s Facebook page. 

Gerken testified that she observed multiple posts that caused her to suspect that 

White was involved in the sale of drugs. Id. at 46-54, 67. 

{¶9} Additionally, White’s other children were involved with the Agency 

and substantiated claims of physical abuse had been made. Id. at 44. Prior to August 

of 2017, White had almost no relationship with C.W. Id. at 44. Since that time, the 

visits had gone well. Id. Gerken testified that C.W. was “very bonded” with her 
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foster parents. Id. at 44. When questioned, C.W. stated she wished to live with 

Johnson. Id. at 55. 

{¶10} On cross-examination, Gerken admitted that White had competed all 

of the requirements in the case plan before the hearing. Id. at 56. Gerken also 

admitted that despite the concerns about drugs, no requirement for drug testing were 

added to the case plan and no request was made for drug tests administered by 

probation. Id. at 57-58, 64. Gerken testified that she believed that the assessment 

would reveal concerns, but it did not do so. Id. at 64. Gerken also admitted that 

White has unsupervised visits with his other children, but she did not agree with that 

decision. Id. at 73. She indicated that she was concerned that White could be 

trafficking based upon the Facebook posts and the fact that she had seen other people 

she did not know at White’s home during home visits. Id. at 67, 71. 

{¶11} Carmen Loth (“Loth”) testified that she was the supervisor of ongoing 

caseworkers for the Agency. Id. at 77. She stated her opinion that C.W. would 

benefit from a grant of permanent custody to the Agency. Id. at 78. Loth also 

testified that although C.W. may not be adopted by her current foster family, she 

would likely be adopted. Id. at 79. 

{¶12} After the Agency rested its case, White presented no additional 

evidence. The GAL then took the stand and identified the Court’s Exhibit 1 as her 

report. Id. at 82. She testified that after hearing all of the testimony, her opinion 

had not changed. Id. at 83. She then testified that in her opinion, C.W.’s best 
Case No. 5-18-04 

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interests would be served by granting the motion for permanent custody to the 

Agency. Id. at 87. 

{¶13} On January 26, 2018, the trial court entered judgment granting the 

Agency’s motion for permanent custody. Doc. 97. White filed his notice of appeal 

on February 1, 2018. Doc. 100. On appeal, White raises the following assignments 

of error. 

First Assignment of Error 

The trial court erred and abused its discretion in admitting 

electronically stored information from Facebook into evidence. 

Second Assignment of Error 

The trial court’s award of permanent custody of the child, C.W., 

to [the Agency] was against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

Authentication of Evidence

{¶14} In the first assignment of error, White argues that the trial court erred 

by admitting screenshots of Facebook pages into evidence. The decision to admit 

or exclude evidence rests within the trial court’s sound discretion. State v. McGuire, 

80 Ohio St.3d 390, 400-401, 1997-Ohio-335, 686 N.E.2d 1112. Ohio law provides 

a liberal standard of the authentication of evidence pursuant to Evidence Rule 901. 

State v. Inkton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102706, 2016-Ohio-693, 60 N.E.3d 616, ¶ 

73. Authentication “does not require conclusive proof of authenticity, but only 

sufficient foundational evidence for the trier of fact to conclude that * * * [the 
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evidence] is what its proponent claims it to be.” State v. Easter, 75 Ohio App.3d 

22, 25, 598 N.E.2d 845 (4th Dist. 1991). 

{¶15} Gerken testified in this case that she searched Facebook for a public 

account for White. One of the accounts she found appeared to belong to White’s 

three-year-old son and had a profile picture of White and a small child. Tr. at 48. 

Gerken testified that she took screenshots with her cell phone of what she found. 

Id. She also testified that she found an account in the name of White with a profile 

picture of White. Tr. at 49. Although Gerken admitted on cross-examination that 

she did not know who took the pictures posted on the account, the account was open 

to the public. Tr. at 59-60. Gerken also admitted that she did not know who had 

access to make posts on the account. Tr. at 61. Gerken was monitoring White’s 

Facebook account on a weekly basis and it did play a part in her determination not 

to increase White’s visitation. Tr. at 61-62. Although Gerken may not have 

provided conclusive proof that White made the posts in the screenshot, she did 

provide some proof that the accounts belonged to White through the profile pictures 

that were on the sites. White did not provide any evidence that would rebut that 

evidence. Thus, we find that the evidence was sufficient for the trial court to 

determine that the screenshots were posts from White’s account. What they meant 

and the weight of the evidence was then for the trial court to determine. The first 

assignment of error is overruled. 

 
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Manifest Weight of the Evidence

{¶16} White claims in the second assignment of error that the trial court’s 

decision to terminate his parental rights was against the manifest weight of the 

evidence. The right to parent one's own child is a basic and essential civil right. In 

re Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990). “Parents have a 

‘fundamental liberty interest’ in the care, custody, and management of their 

children.” In re Leveck, 3d Dist. Hancock Nos. 5–02–52, 5–02–53, 5–02–54, 2003–

Ohio–1269, ¶ 6. These rights may be terminated, however, under appropriate 

circumstances and when all due process safeguards have been followed. Id. When 

considering a motion to terminate parental rights, the trial court must comply with 

the statutory requirements set forth in R.C. 2151.414. These requirements include, 

in pertinent part, as follows. 

(B)(1) Except as provided in division (B)(2) of this section, the 

court may grant permanent custody of a child to a movant if the 

court determines at the hearing held pursuant to division (A) of 

this section, by clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best 

interest of the child to grant permanent custody of the child to the 

agency that filed the motion for permanent custody and that any 

of the following apply: 

* * * 

(b) The child is abandoned. 

* * * 

(d) The child has been in the temporary custody of one or more 

public children services agencies or private child placing agencies 
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for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month 

period * * *. 

* * * 

For the purposes of division (B)(1) of this section, a child shall be 

considered to have entered the temporary custody of an agency 

on the earlier of the date the child is adjudicated pursuant to [R.C. 

2151.28] or the date that is sixty days after the removal of the child 

from the home. 

 * * * 

(C) In making the determination required by this section * * *, a 

court shall not consider the effect the granting of permanent 

custody to the agency would have upon any parent of the child. A 

written report of the guardian ad litem of the child shall be 

submitted to the court prior to or at the time of the hearing held 

pursuant to division (A) of this section * * * but shall not be 

submitted under oath. 

R.C. 2151.414. A court’s decision to terminate parental rights will not be 

overturned as against the manifest weight of the evidence if the record contains 

competent, credible evidence by which a court can determine by clear and 

convincing evidence that the essential statutory elements for a termination of 

parental rights have been established. In re S.L., 3d Dist. Shelby Nos. 17-17-17, 

17-17-18, 17-17-19, 2018-Ohio-900, ¶ 24.

{¶17} The determination whether to grant a motion for permanent custody 

requires a two-step approach. In re L.W., 3d Dist. Marion Nos. 9-16-55, 9-16-56, 

2017-Ohio-4352, ¶ 5. The first step is to determine whether any of the factors set 

forth in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) apply. Id. If one of those circumstances applies, then 
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the trial court must consider whether granting the motion is in the best interest of 

the child by considering the factors set forth in R.C. 2151.414(D). Id. 

{¶18} In this case the trial court found that White had abandoned C.W.2

 A 

child is “presumed abandoned when the parents of the child have failed to visit or 

maintain contact with the child for more than ninety days, regardless of whether the 

parents resume contact with the child after that period of ninety days.” R.C. 

2151.011(C). The testimony of Olague was that White’s visits were suspended for 

30 days on October 7, 2016, but he did not resume visiting with C.W. until June 9, 

2017. Tr. 18. Even excluding the 30 days of the suspension, more than 90 days had 

passed before visits were resumed. Thus, the evidence supports the trial court’s 

finding that White had abandoned C.W. 

{¶19} Once a finding is made under 2151.414(B)(1), the trial court must then 

consider the best interests of the child. The trial court specified that it had 

considered the statutory factors set forth in R.C. 2151.414(D). Specifically, the trial 

court made the following finding. 

In determining the best interest of the child, the Court has 

considered all relevant factors included in [R.C. 2151.414(D)(1-

5)], and [R.C. 2151.414(E)(7-11)], and the Court has considered 

the relationship of the child with her parents, relatives, foster 

parents, out-of-home providers and other people who may 

significantly affect the child’s need for legally secure permanent 

placement, and the probability that this type of placement cannot 

be achieved without granting permanent custody to [the Agency]. 

 

2

 The trial court also found that C.W. had been in the custody of the Agency for 12 out of 22 months. The 

method of calculating that time is set forth in R.C. 2151.414. Using the date of adjudication, which is the 

earlier of the two dates authorized by the statute, C.W. was in the custody of the Agency for 362 days. 
Case No. 5-18-04 

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The Court further has considered the custodial history of the 

child. The child is bonded to her foster family who is also a 

relative. The Court has considered the child’s wishes, the 

custodial history as outlined above and the fact that the child is in 

need of a legally secure permanent placement which according to 

the caseworker is not achievable without the granting of 

permanent custody. 

Doc. 97 at 4. The testimony presented at the trial provides competent and credible 

evidence in support of the trial court’s conclusion that the termination of parental 

rights would be in CW.’s best interest. Viewing the evidence, this court finds that 

the termination of White’s parental rights and the grant of permanent custody of 

C.W. to the Agency was supported by clear and convincing evidence. The second 

assignment of error is overruled. 

{¶20} Having found no prejudicial error in the particulars assigned and 

argued, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Hancock County, Juvenile 

Division, is affirmed. 

Judgment Affirmed 

ZIMMERMAN and PRESTON, J.J., concur. 

/hls