# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

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No. 1 7- 11 85

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ Lleyso n C arre to Carr et o

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Peti ti on er

v.

Je ffer so n B . Ses si on s, II I, Att or ne y Gene ral of t he Uni te d S ta te s

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Resp on de nt

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Pet it io n fo r Rev ie w of a n Ord er o f th e Bo ard of I m

m ig rat io n Ap pe al s

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Su bm it te d: Octo be r 31 , 20 17 Fi le d: Nov em

be r 3, 2 01 7 [Un pu bl is he d]

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Befo re COLLOTON, BOW MAN, an d KELLY, Circ ui t J ud ge s.

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PER CURI AM.

Gua te m al an ci ti zen Lleyso n Carr et o Carr et o pe ti ti on s fo r rev ie w of an or de r of
th e Bo ard of Im

m ig rat io n App eal s (BIA) di sm is si ng hi s ap pe al fro m th e de ci si on ofan im m ig rat io n jud g e ( I J ), whi ch de ni ed hi m as y lu m

. Carr et o Carr et o so ug ht 1
im m ig rat io n rel ie f ba s e d o n hi s m em be rs hi p in th e pa rti cu la r so ci al gr ou p

“ im po ve ris he d Gua te m al an m al es who are vi ct im s of ga ng vi ol en ce an d who wou ld
be ta rg et ed up on th ei r ret ur n ba se d on pa st ex pe rie nc es ,” an d o n h is st at us as a
ret ur ne e fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s wh o wo ul d b e p erce iv ed as h av in g m on ey

.

Afte r care fu l co ns id erat io n of Carr et o Carr et o’s arg um en ts an d th e reco rd
, we

co nc lu de th at su b s t a n t i a l ev id en ce su pp or ts th e fin di ng th at he fai le d to sh ow pa st

pe rs ecu ti on in Gua te m al a, or a well fo un de d fear of pe rs ecu ti on th ere, du e to on e of
th e fiv e pr ot ect ed gr ou nd s: race , rel ig io n, na ti on al it y , m em be rs hi p in a pa r t ic ul ar

so ci al gr o up , or po li ti cal op in io n. See 8 U.S.C. § 11 58 (b )(1 )(B) (i) (li st in g as y lu m
gr ou nd s) ; De Cas tro -Gu ti erre z v. Hol de r, 71 3 F.3 d 37 5, 37 9 (8 th Ci r. 20 13 ) (s ta nd ard
of rev ie w). Sp eci fic al ly, we de te rm in e th at ( 1 ) n e i t he r of th e pr op os ed gr ou ps

co ns ti tu te d a pa rti cu la r so ci al gr ou p; (2 ) to th e ex te nt Carr et o Carr et o fear ed ge ne ral
vi ol en ce in Gua te m al a, hi s fear was no t ba se d on a pr ot ect ed gr ou nd ; and (3 ) he di d

no t es ta bl is h th e ha rm in fli ct ed by th e ga ng was on an y pr ot ect ed gr ou nd fo r pu rp os es of as y lu m rel ie f. See id . a t 38 0 (BIA req ui res pa r t i c u l a r s o ci al gr ou p to be de fin ed
wit h pa rti cu la rit y an d no t de fin ed jus t by fact th at it s m em be rs ha ve be en ta rg et ed fo r
pe rs ecu ti on ); Mat ul -Hern an de z v. Hol de r, 68 5 F.3 d 70 7, 71 2- 13 (8 th Ci r. 20 12 ) (Gu at em al an s re tu rn in g fr om th e Uni te d S ta te s wh o a re p erce iv ed as we al th y is no t

pa rti cu la r so ci al gr ou p) ; Gait an v. Hol de r, 67 1 F.3 d 67 8, 68 2 (8 th Ci r. 20 12 ) (g ro up

-- y ou ng Sal va do ran m al es who ha ve be en su bjec te d to recr ui tm en t an d h av e reject ed

or res is te d ga ng m em

be rs hi p ba se d on pe rs on al op po si ti on --was no t su ffi ci en tl y

na rro w to co ve r di sc ret e cl as s of pe rs on s who wou ld be pe rcei ve d as gr ou p by res t of

so ci et y , so pe ti ti on er was no di ffer en t fro m an y ot he r Sal va do ran who ha s face d ga ng vi ol en ce); Kras no pi vt se v v. Ash cro ft, 38 2 F.3 d 83 2, 83 9- 40 (8 th Ci r. 2004 ) (ap pl ic an t

Th e I J ’s de ni al s of wit hh ol di ng of rem ov al an d rel ie f un de r th e Co nv en ti on 1 Aga in st Tort ur e are no t be fo re th is co ur t. See Ch ay -Vel as qu ez v. Ash cro ft, 36 7 F.3 d 75 1, 75 6 (8 th Ci r. 20 04 ) (al ie n waiv es cl ai m by no t m ean in gf ul ly ch al le ng in g it in hi s br ie f).

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us t de m on st rat e pa rti cu la riz e d f e a r of pe rs ecu ti on di rect ed at hi m , no t fear of

ge ne ral vi ol en ce). Th e p et it io n i s d en ie d. Se e 8 th Cir . R. 47 B.

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