### FINA L CLOSE-OU T REPOR T FO R FEDERA L CREOSOT E SUPERFUN D SIT E SOMERSE T COUNTY , NE W JERSE Y

Prepared b

y U.S . Environmenta

l Protectio

n Agenc y Regio n 2 Ne w York , Ne

w Yor k

### Tabl e o

f Content s I
. Introductio n 1 II
. Summar

y o f Sit e Condition s 1 Sit e Locatio n an

dDescriptio n 1 Background2 Remova l Actio n 3 Engineering Evaluation/Cos t Analysi s an

d Remedia

l Investigation/Feasibilit

y Studies... 3 Remed y Selection 4 Design Criteri a6 Remedia l Constructio n Activitie s 6 Institutional Control s 8 Communit

y Relation s Activitie s 9 Sit e Redevelopmen

t 1 0 III
. Monitorin g Results 1 0 IV
. Summar

y o f Operation an

dMaintenance 1 1 V
. Demonstration o f

Cleanu p Activit y QA/Q C 1 2 VI
. Five-Yea

r Review 1 2 VII
. Sit e Completio n Criteri a1 3 Bibliography 1 4 Figure : Are ao f

Technica l Impracticabilit

y Determinatio n 1 6SUPERFUN D FINA L CLOSE-OU T REPOR T FEDERA L CREOSOT E SUPERFUN D SIT E BOROUG H O F MANVILL E SOMERSE T COUNTY , NE W JERSE Y

I . Introduction Thi s Fina l Close-Ou

t Repor t document

s th e Unite dStates Environmenta l Protectio n Agency' s (EPA's ) completio n o f al l respons

e action s fo r

th e Federa l Creosot e Superfund Sit e i n accordanc

e wit h Close-Ou

t Procedure s fo r

Nationa l Prioritie s Lis t

Site s (OSWE

R Directiv e 9320.2-22 , Ma

y 2011)
. Al l appropriat

e respons e action s a

t th e Federa l Creosot e Superfund Sit

e hav e bee n successfully implemented
. Specifically , base d upon ' fiel dobservation s associate d wit h EP A an d th e U.S
. Arm y Corp s o f

Engineer s (USACE ) oversigh

t an d th e results o f

afinal inspectio n o f

th e Sit e on Marc h 19 , 2008 , an

d th e results o f

th e five-year

review s completed o

n Jun e 7 , 2007 , an

d Ma y 3 , 2012 , i t

ha s bee n determined tha

t th e remed y ha s bee n constructed i n accordanc e wit h th e 1999 , 2000 , an

d 200 2 Record s o f Decisio n (RODs) , a

s modifie db y th

e 200 6 an d 200 8 Explanation s o f

Significant

Difference s (ESDs)
. Th e 200 0 an d 200 2 ROD s an

d th e 200 8 ES D require d th

e implementatio n o f

institutional control s to restric t

activitie s tha

t coul dcompromis e th

e integrit y o f protectiv e covers , preven t exposur e t o residua l soil s contaminatio n a

t depth , an d preven t unacceptabl

e us e o f contaminate

d groundwater
. These institutional control s ar e al l i n place
. I t

ha s bee n determined tha

t n o furthe r response , othe

r tha n long-ter mmonitorin g an

d five-year reviews , i s anticipated
. Huma n exposure s an

d contaminated groundwate r release s ar

e unde r control
. Th e Sit e i s divide dinto thre

e operabl e units
. Operabl

e uni t 1 (OU1 ) consiste

d o f creosot e sourc e area s i n th e residentia

l portio n o f

th e Site , operabl

e uni t 2 (OU2 ) consiste

d o f residually contaminate

d soil s i n th

e residentia

l are ao f th e Site , an d operabl e uni t 3 (OU3 ) consiste d o f sourc e area s an d residuall y contaminated soil s i n th e commercia

l propert y an d contaminated groundwater
. II . Summar

y o f Sit e Condition

s Site Location and

Description Th e Federa l Creosot e Sit e (Site ) i s located i n th

e Borough o f

Manvill e i n Somerse

t County , Ne

w Jersey
. Th

e 50-acr e Sit e i s bordered t

o th e wes t b y commercia

l propertie s tha t lin e th e eas t sid e o f Mai n Street
. To th

e north , o n th e opposit e sid e o f th e Norfol kSouther n railroad tracks , i s th

e forme r Johns-Manvill e compan

y property . Th

e Johns

Manvill e propert

y ha s bee n redevelope

d fo r avariet y o f commercia

l an d retai l uses , includin g automobil e storage , warehousing , an d larg e retai l stores . To th e south , o n th

e opposit e sid e o f th e CS X Transportation tracks , i s aprimaril y residentia l are aknow n a

s Los t Valley
. Approximatel y 5,00 0 peopl e liv e withi n aone-mil e radiu s o f th e Site
. Currently , drinkin g wate

r fo r th e surrounding are

ai s provide d b y apubli c wate r suppl y an d n o privat e drinkin g wate

r well s ar e used
. Th e Sit e i s divide dint o tw o lan

d uses : residentia

l (th e Claremon

t Development , 3 5 acres ) an d commercia

l (th e Rusti c Mall , 1 5 acres)
. Th e Claremon

t Developmen

t consists o f

12 9 single-famil y residentia

l houses , whic h ar

e hom e t o approximately 35 0 residents
. Th e Rusti c Mal l portio n o f

th e Sit e i s zone d commercial
. Th

e Borough o f

Manvill e an

d th e propert y owne r ar e plannin g revitalizatio n o f th e Rusti c Mall , whic h include s a combinatio n o f

commercia

l an d residentia

l use . Background Th e 50-acr e Sit e wa s use d t o trea t rai l roa d tie s with coa

l ta r creosote , prio r

t o developmen

t int o th e curren t lan d use s described above
. Beginnin g i n approximately 1910 , th e Sit e wa s operate d by acompan

y know n a

s th e Federa l Creosoting Company
. Durin g operations , untreate d railroa d tie s wer e delivere d t

o th e Sit e b y rai l an

d wer e processe d i n atreatmen

t plan t locate d on th e southwest

wester n portio n o f

th e Site
. Coal

ta r creosot e wa s applie d t

o th e railroa d tie s i n thi s area . Treatmen t residual s fro mth

e plan t wer e discharge

d into tw o unline d canals
. On e cana l conveye d th e flo w o f th e treatmen t residual s t

o th e norther n portio n o f

th e propert y fo r adistanc e o f

approximately 37 5 feet , wher

e th e cana l content s entere d a n unline d lagoon
. Th

e othe r cana l directe d th

e flo w o f treatmen t residual s towar

d th e souther n portio n o f

th e property , wher

e th e content s o f thi s cana l spille d into anothe

r unline dlagoon located approximately 1,50 0 fee t fro mth e treatmen

t plant
. Afte r

treatment , railroad tie s wer e moved fro mth

e plan t t o th e centra l portio n o f

th e property , referre d t

o a s th e drip area

, wher e th e exces s creosot

e drippe dfro mth

e treate d woo d ont

o th e ground
. Creosoting materia l an d contaminated soi l associate

d wit h th e woo d treatin g facilit y wer e no t remove d prio r t o constructio n o f th e Claremon

t Developmen

t an d Rusti c Mall
. Lan dus e pattern s on th

e Federa l Creosoting Compan

y propert y remaine d th e sam e unti l th e mid-1950s , whe

n th e woo d treatmen

t plan t cease d operation s an

d wa s dismantled
. Durin g th e earl y through mid-1960 s th

e propert y wa s re-developed
. Th

e are atha t formerl y house

d th e treatmen

t plan t wa s develope

d into th e 15-acr e commercia

l an d retai l propert y know n a

s th e Rustic Mall
. Th

e remainin g 3 5 acre

s o f th e former Federa l Creosoting Compan

y property , includin g th

e dri p area

, canal s an

d lagoons , wer

e develope d int o th e Claremon

t Development
. In Apri l 1996 , th

e Ne w Jerse y Departmen

t o f Environmenta

l Protection (NJDEP) responde d t o a n inciden t involvin g th

e discharge o f

a n unknow n liqui dfro masum p locate d a t on e o f th e Claremon

t Developmen

t residence s o

n Valeri e Drive
. A thick , tarr y substanc e wa s observe d flowin g fro mth

e sum p t o th e street . In Januar

y 1997 , th

e 2Borough o f Manvill e responde

d t o acomplain

t tha t asinkhol e ha

d develope

d aroun d a sewe r pip e i n th e Claremon

t Developmen

t along Eas

t Camplain Road
. Excavation o f th e soi l aroun d th e pip e identifie dablack

tar-like materia

l i n th e soil
. Subsequen

t investigation s o f

these area

s reveale d elevate d level s o f

contaminants consisten

t wit h creosote . Followin g th

e discover

y o f thi s material , NJDEP , wit h technica l assistanc

e fro mEPA , bega n a n investigatio n o f

th e Site
. I n Apri l an

d Ma y 1997 , ai r samples wer

e collecte d insid e th e majority o f

homes i n th

e Claremon

t Development
. Wit h th

e exception o f

on e house , th e analysi s o f

these samples indicate d tha t th e Site-related contaminants wer e no t presen t i n indoor ai r a t elevate d levels
. I n Octobe r 1997 , EPA' s Environmenta l Respons e Tea minitiate daSit

e investigatio n o

n propertie s believe d to contain creosot e contaminatio n base

d o n analysi s o f

historical aeria l photographs , a

s wel l a s input fro mresidents
. Ove

r 10 0 surfac e an

d subsurfac e soi l samples wer

e collected
. These sampling results indicate d tha t th e canal s an

d lagoon s stil l existed beneat

h th e Claremon

t Development , an

d tha t th e contamination wa

s extensive
.
NPL Listing Th e Sit e wa s propose d fo r th e Nationa l Prioritie s Lis t

(NPL ) o n Jul y 27 , 1998 , an d wa s formall y placed on th

e NPL on Januar

y 19 , 1999
. Removal Action I n Januar y 1998 , responsibilit

y fo r th e Sit e wa s transferre d fro mNJDE

P t o EPA
. I n Jul y 1998 , EP A initiate daremova

l actio n a t 1 1 residentia

l propertie s t

o temporaril y cove

r area s tha t contained highe

r surfac e soi l level s o f

carcinogenic polycycli c aromati c hydrocarbon s (PAHs ) i n expose d surfac e soils
. A s a

n interi maction , so

d wa s place d ove r bar e area s i n lawn s an

d mulc h wa

s place d ove r expose d soil s i n garde

n beds
. Engineering Evaluation/Cos t Analysi s an

d Remedia

l Investigation/Feasibilit

y Studie s EP A conducte

d a n Engineering Evaluation/Cos t Analysi s (EE/CA ) fo r

OU 1 utilizin g th

e results o f sampling initiate di n Octobe r 1997
. Th e EE/CA evaluate

d option s fo r

th e remova l o f creosot e sourc e area s (subsurfac e canal s an

d lagoons ) located i n th

e residentia l development
. Th

e EE/C A wa

s completed i n Apri l 1999
. EP A concluded tha

t th e EE/C A wa

s sufficien t

documentation t

o procee d t o selecting aremed

y fo r thi s portio n o f th e sit e and , after

release o f aPropose

d Pla n an d receivin g publi c comment, aRecor d o f Decisio n (ROD ) fo r

OU 1 wa s signe d o n Septembe

r 28 , 1999
. Unde r th e remedia l investigation/feasibilit

y stud y (RI/FS ) process , EP

A conducte

d a focused feasiblit

y stud y (FFS ) fo r

OU 2 t o determin

e th e natur e an d exten t o f residua l level s o f creosot e contaminatio n associate d wit h surfac e an

d subsurfac e soi l withi n th e 3residentia l developmen

t an d t o identif y remedia l alternative s t

o addres s contaminated soil
. Th e FF S foun dtha

t soil s containe

d residua l level s o f

creosot e components , PAHs , i n th e majority o f

th e residentia

l properties
. Th

e RI/FS wa

s completed i n Apri l 200

0 an d a RO D fo r OU2 wa s signe d o n Septembe

r 29 , 2000
. Fo r OU3 , EP A conducte

d aFF S fo r th e Rustic Mal l soil s an

d a n RI/F S fo r

th e groundwater , t

o determin

e th e exten t o f subsurfac e soi l contaminatio n o n th e commercia

l portio n o f th e Site , th e natur e an d exten t o f Site-wid e groundwate

r contamination , an

d to provide remedia

l alternative s t

o addres s thes

e media
. Th

e RI/F S fo r

groundwate

r wa s completed i n Jun

e 2001 , an

d th e FF S fo r th e commercia

l propert y soil s wa

s completed i n Augus t 2001
. A RO

D fo r OU 3 wa s signe d o n Septembe

r 30 , 2002
. Remedy Selection Th e OU 1 ROD , signe

d i n Septembe

r 1999 , establishe

d th e followin g remedia

l actio n objective s (RAOs ) fo r

OU1 :
• clea n u p th e cana l an d lagoon sourc

e area s t o level s tha

t wil l allo w fo r unrestricted lan

d use ;
• remov e a s muc h sourc e materia l a s possible i n orde

r t o minimiz e apotentia

l sourc e o f groundwate

r contamination
. Th e remed y included :
• permanen

t relocatio n o f

resident s fromcertain propertie s withi n th e cana l an d lagoon sourc

e areas , an

d temporar

y relocatio n wher

e necessar

y t o implemen

t th e remedy ; • excavation o f

sourc e materia l fromth e cana l an d lagoon source areas , backfillin g with clea n fill, an d propert y restoration a

s necessary ; an

d
• transportatio n o f

th e sourc e materia l fo r off-sit e therma

l treatmen t an d disposal
. Th e OU2 ROD , signe

d i n Septembe

r 2000 , establishe

d th e followin g RAOs :
• preven

t huma n exposure , vi adirec t

contact , wit h contaminated soils , considerin g th e curren t an d futur e residentia

l sit e use ;
• preven

t futur e impact

s t o underlyin g groundwate r qualit y b y contaminated soils ;
• preven

t exposur e an d minimiz e disturbanc e t

o th e Claremon

t Developmen

t residents , an

d th e surrounding communit

y o f Manville , durin g implementatio n o f th e remedia l action
. Th e remed y included :
• excavation o f

soil s containin g PAH s i n exces s o f site-specifi c remediatio n goal s fro ma n estimate d 8 2 properties , backfillin g wit h clea n fill, an d propert y restoratio n a

s necessary , an

d
• transportatio n o f

th e contaminated soi l of f

sit e fo r disposal , wit h treatmen

t a s necessary .
4Th

e 0U 3 ROD , signe

d i n Septembe

r 2002 , establishe

d th e followin g RAO s fo r

soil s an d groundwater : • preven

t huma n exposur e vi adirec t

contact , inhalation , an

d ingestio n o f contaminated soils , considering th e future potentia

l residentia

l sit e use ; • preven

t futur e impacts t

o underlyin g groundwate

r qualit y b y contaminate

d soil s tha t ca n ac t a s acontinuin g sourc

e o f groundwate

r contamination ; an

d
• preven

t exposur e an d minimiz e disturbanc e t

o th e Rusti c Mal l occupant

s an d consumers , an

d th e surrounding communit

y o f Manville , durin g implementatio n o f th e remedia l action
. • preven

t ingestio n an

d direc t contac t with groundwate

r tha t ha s contaminan

t concentration s greate

r tha n th e Applicabl e o

r Relevan t an d Appropriat

e Requirements (ARARs) ; • minimiz e th

e potentia l fo r additiona l off-sit e migratio n o f

groundwate

r wit h contaminan

t concentration s tha

t excee d th e ARARs ;
• minimiz e th

e potentia l fo r transfe r o f groundwate

r contaminatio n t

o th e othe r medi a(e.g
. ,surfac e water ) a t concentration s i n exces s o f ARARs
. Th e soi l remed

y included :
• Excavatio n o f

soil s containin g PAH s i n exces s o f site-specifi c remediatio n goal s on th e Rusti c Mall , backfillin g wit h clea n fill, an d propert y restoratio n a

s necessary ; and , • Transportatio n o f

th e contaminated soi l of f

sit e fo r disposal , wit h treatmen

t a s necessary . A s describe

d i n mor e detai l i n th

e Decisio n Summaries o f th e OU2 an d OU3 RODs , th

e Selecte d Remed y woul dleav

e residua l level s o f PAH s (bu

t no t sourc e materia l a s define d b y th e Septembe

r 199 9 Recor d o f Decision) a

t depths greate

r tha n approximatel

y 1 4 fee t belo w th e groun d surfac e i n th

e Rusti c Mall
. Th

e backfille dclea

n fill woul dac

t a s a barrie r o r "engineerin

g control " t

o preven t contac t wit h an y residua l contamination
. I n addition , adee

d notic e woul dbe required t o preven t direc t contac t wit h an y remainin g residua l soi l contamination
. Th e groundwate

r remed y included : • Implementatio n o f

a.long-ter

mgroundwate

r sampling an

d analysi s progra

mt o monitor th e concentration s o f

creosot e component

s i n th e groundwate

r a t th e site , t o assess th

e migratio n an

d attenuation o f

th e creosot e i n groundwate

r ove r time ; and , • Institutional control s t o restric t th e installatio n o f

well s an d th e us e o f groundwate

r i n th e vicinit y o f

th e contaminate

d groundwater
. Th e evaluation o f

remedia l alternative s fo r

remediation o f

th e dens e nonaqueous phas

e liqui dcreosot

e contamination , includin g contamination foun di n th e fracture d bedroc

k aquifer , concluded tha

t n o practicable alternative s coul db e implemented
. A s aresult , EP A invoke d a

n ARA Rwaive

r fo r th e groundwate

r a t thi s sit e du e t o technica

l impracticabilit

y (TI)
. Th e are afo r th e T I waive

r cover s approximatel

y 11 9 acres . Th

e 5are

ainclude s thre

e distinc t subareas : th

e nort h off-sit e subarea

, th e on-sit e subarea , an d th e sout h off-sit e subare

a(se e Figur e 1)
. Th e T I waive

r include s bot

h th e overburde

n aquife r an d th e bedroc k aquife r withi n th e area . Th

e contaminants fo r

whic h th e ARA R appl y include : acenaphthene , benzene , naphthalene , 2,4-dimethy l phenol , benzo(a ) anthracene , benzo(a)pyrene , benzo(k ) fluoranthene , fluorine , chrysene , benzo(b)fluoranthene , an d indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
. Tw o ESDs wer

e prepare d t o documen

t significan t

changes t o component

s o f th e selecte d remedies
. Th

e first ES D provide d a

n explanatio n o f

th e increas e i n th

e estimate d cost s fo r th e OU1 , OU2 an

d OU3 remedies
. A secon d ES D provide d a

n explanatio n o f

th e applicatio n o f

institutional controls , i n som e circumstances , a

t depth s shallowe

r tha n anticipate d i n th

e OU2 ROD
. Design Criteria Th e design criteri aconsiste

d o f th e remova l o f creosot e wast e tha t wa s asourc e o f groundwate

r contamination
. I n addition , desig n criteri aals o specifie d tha t residuall y contaminated soil s exceedin g th e Site-specifi c remediatio n goal s woul db e remove d to a dept h o f approximately 1 4 fee

t an d transported off-sit e fo r treatmen t and/o r disposa l according t

o th e RCR A Lan d Disposa l Requirements
. Thes

e Site-specifi c remediatio n goal s consiste

d o f seve n PAHs , whic h ar

e th e primar y contaminants o f

concer n foun di n creosote-contaminate

d soils
. Remedial Construction Activities A s noted above , th

e sit e wa s divide dinto thre

e OUs
. Th e OU 1 remedia

l actio n include d remova

l o f sourc e materia l fro m2 9 residentia

l propertie s an

d require d th

e permanen

t relocatio n o f

2 1 OU 1 propert

y owners , an

d th e demolitio n o f

1 8 homes
. Th e remed y wa s implemented a

s afund-lead
. I n Octobe

r 1999 , EP A entere d into a n interagency agreemen

t wit h th e Baltimor

e Distric t Rea l Estat e Divisio n o f

th e USAC E to perfor macquisitio n an

d relocatio n activitie s a

t th e Site
. In Jul y 2000 , EP

A entere d int o a n interagency agreemen

t wit h th e Kansa s City Distric t

USACE t

o perfor mth e remedia l action a t th e Site
. Th e contracts fo r

th e remedia l actio n wer

e awarde d b y th e Kansa s City Distric t USACE an

d the n transferre d t

o th e Ne w Yor k Distric t USACE fo r

managemen

t o f th e constructio n work
. In Octobe r 2000 , USACE' s selecte

d demolitio n contractor , Cap e Environmental , Inc. , mobilize dequipmen t a t th e Federa l Creosot e Sit e t o begi n demolitio n o f

residentia

l house s located abov

e o r adjoinin g creosot

e wast e lagoon s an

d canals
. In Decembe

r 200 0 USACE' s remediatio n contractor , Sevenso n Environmenta

l Services , Inc. , mobilize do n Site
.

6Th

e cleanu p o f OU 1 wa s divide dinto thre

e phases
. Phas

e 1 focused on th

e cleanu p o f th e souther n lagoon ; Phas

e 2 focused on th

e cleanu p o f th e norther n lagoo n an d canal ; an

d Phas e 3 cleanu

p effort s wer

e focused o n th

e souther n canal
. Th e OU 1 Phas

e 1 remedia

l actio n involve dtemporar y relocatio n o f

on e family , th

e purchase o f

eigh t residentia

l propertie s an

d permanen

t relocatio n o f

th e residents , demolitio n o f

eigh t single-famil y homes , an

d excavation an

d remova l o f 64,00 0 ton s o f soi l fro mth

e souther n lagoon are

at o off-sit e treatmen

t an d disposa l facilities
. Soi l requirin g treatmen

t wa s sen t to th e Bennet t Environmental , Inc. , hazardou s wast e incinerator

i n Sain t Ambrose , Quebec , Canada ; soil s requirin g subtitl e C disposa l wer e sen t t o th e Chemica

l Wast e Managemen

t hazardou s wast

e landfil l located i n Model City , Ne w York
. Remediation o f

Phas e 1 wa s complete

d i n Jun e 2002
. Ownershi

p o f thes e eigh t propertie s wa

s transferre d fro mEP

A to NJDE

P i n Jul y 2003
. NJDE

P sol d thes

e propertie s through publi c auctio n i n th e sprin g o f

2008 , an d thes e propertie s wer

e subsequentl

y redevelope

d into single-famil y residences
. s Th e OU 1 Phas

e 2 remedia

l actio n include d th

e acquisitio n o f

eigh t residentia

l propertie s an d th e permanen

t relocatio n o f

resident s fro mth e eigh t propertie s located ove

r th e norther n lagoon an

d canal
. Th

e house s on th e eigh t lot s wer e demolishe

d an d excavation o f creosote-contaminate

d soi l fro mthi s norther

n lagoon an

d cana l starte d i n Apri l 2002
. Excavatio n on thi s phas

e reache d adept h o f 3 5 feet below th e groun d surface
. Approximatel y 115,60

0 ton s o f soi l hav e bee n excavate

d an d shippe d of f Sit e t o treatmen t an d disposa l facilitie s previously mentioned
. Thes e propertie s hav

e bee n backfille dwit h clea

n soi l an d hav e bee n restored
. Th

e Unite dStates governmen t currentl y own s th

e eigh t lot s and , through th

e USACE , ha

s place d th e propertie s u

p fo r sale
. OU 1 Phas

e 3 remedia

l actio n include d th

e excavation an

d off-sit e disposa

l o f 30,60 5 ton s o f contaminated soi l fro m1 3 residentia l propertie s an

d roadway s located on th

e burie d souther n creosot e canal
. OU 1 Phas

e 3 include d th

e temporar

y relocatio n o f

thre e families , permanen t relocatio n o f

resident s fro mfive propertie s buil t ove r aportio n o f

the burie d souther n creosot e wast e canal , an

d th e demolitio n o f

tw o o f thes e properties
. Afte r remediatio n an

d restoration , al l o f

th e OU 1 Phas

e 3 propertie s wer

e sol d by EP

A an d returne d t o residentia

l use . Th e tw o propertie s tha

t wer e demolished wer

e redevelope

d int o single-famil y residences
. Th e remediatio n o f

OU2 wa s divide dinto tw o phases
. Th e OU 2 Phas e 1 remedia

l actio n consiste d o f soi l remova

l a t 1 4 residentia

l propertie s tha

t surrounde

d th e souther n lagoon are a(OU 1 Phas

e 1)
. Th e OU2 Phas

e 1 remedia

l action involve dn

o permanen

t relocation s an d n o demolitions
. Th

e remedia l actio n o f

thi s phas e starte d i n Februar

y 2002
. B y Jun

e 2002 , 8,95 7 ton s o f

soi l ha d bee n excavated , treate

d and/o r dispose d of f Site ; th e 1 4 propertie s wer

e completely restored ; an d temporarily relocated resident s returned t

o their homes
. Th e OU2 Phas

e 2 remediatio n bega

n i n Jun e 2003
. Cleanu

p activitie s occurred o

n 5 0 residentia l propertie s an

d portion s o f

residentia

l roadways
. Th

e OU 2 Phas e 2 remedia

l 7actio n involve dtw o permanen t relocation s an

d n o buildin g demolitions
. Th e remediatio n o f ada y car e cente r wa s include d i n thi s phase
. In Augus t 2001 , th e da y car e cente r playgroundwa

s remediate

d an d i n 200 6 th

e da y car e cente r parkin g lo t

wa s remediated. , Th e remedia l action o f

OU 2 Phas e 2 resulted i n th

e excavation an

d off-sit e disposa

l (wit h treatmen t a s necessary

) o f 58,984 ton s o f

soil
. Remediation o f

OU 3 soil s bega

n i n Augus t

2005
. Afte r

excavation wa

s started b y EPA , th e Rusti c Mal l owne

r demolished al l building s o n their propert y excep t fo r abowlin g alley
. Th e propert y owne r agree d to demolis h th

e building s abov

e th e foundations , whic h wer e no t contaminated , to serv

e th e dua l purpos e o f

clearin g th

e are afo r th e remedia l actio n an d initiatin g propert

y redevelopment
. EP

A excavate

d creosot e wast e i n accordanc

e wit h desig

n documents , includin g sourc e materia l foun dbelo w th

e footprint s o f th e former Rustic Mal l buildings
. Sourc e materia l an d residua l level s o f creosot e wer e excavate d fro mth e Mal l property . Approximatel y 176,00 0 ton s o f soi l wer e excavate

d an d shippe d of f sit e fo r treatmen t and/o r disposal
. Th

e excavation o f

th e OU3 soil s wa

s complete d i n Novembe

r 2007
. Th e firs t roun d o f long-ter mmonitorin g o f

Sit e groundwate

r wa s starte d i n Novembe

r 2005 , a s required b y th

e OU3 ROD
. Level s o f

PAH s i n groundwate

r have , i n general , declined whe

n compare

d t o th e initia l groundwate

r sampling performe d prio r t o th e remediatio n o f

th e source areas . O n Marc h 19 , 2008 , apre-fmal inspectio n o f th e soi l remed

y wa s conducted b y EPA , USAC E an

d th e NJDEP
. No majo r

deficiencie s wer

e identifie ddurin g th

e inspection , a punc h lis t o f mino r items wa s developed
. A s th

e items o n th e punc h lis t wer e mino r i n nature , th e pre-fina l inspectio n serve d a s th e fina l inspection
. Base d upo n th e results o f

th e fina l inspection , EP

A ha s determined tha

t th e constructio n activity fo r

th e entir e Sit e ha s bee n completed , th

e remed y ha s bee n implemented consisten t with eac h o f th e RODs , a

s modifie db y th

e ESDs , an

d th e contractor s hav

e constructed th

e remed y i n accordanc

e wit h th e remedia l desig n plan s an

d specifications
. Institutional

Controls Institutional control s hav

e bee n establishe

d fo r th e groundwate

r and , wher

e appropriate , soil s a t th e Site
. Th e OU3 ROD required th

e establishmen

t o f aClassificatio n Exceptio n Are a(CEA ) fo r th e are ao f groundwate

r contamination
. Th

e CE A wa s establishe

d t o provid e notic e tha

t th e constituen

t standard s fo r aclas s II A aquife

r classificatio n ar

e no t o r wil l no t b e me t i n th e are ao f th e Federa l Creosot e Sit e an d tha t designate d aquife r use s ar e suspende

d i n th e affecte d are

afo r th e ter mo f th e CEA
. Additional monitorin g well s wer e installe d to delineat e th e CEA , an

d th e CE A wa s establishe

d i n Januar

y 2010
. Dee d notice s wer

e applied a

t th e Sit e t o preven t exposur e t o residua l contaminants i n soil s tha t wer e no t excavate d a s par t o f th e remediation
. Th

e OU 2 ROD anticipate d th

e 8us

e o f dee d notice s on 2

3 propertie s wher

e residua l contaminatio n (not

sourc e material ) wa s lef t a t depths greate

r tha n approximatel

y 1 4 feet
. A s documente

d i n th e 200 8 ESD , th e implemented remed

y differe dfro mth

e ROD b y us

e o f dee d notice s a

t anumbe r o f propertie s wher

e residua l contaminatio n remaine

d betwee n tw o fee t an d 14 fee t i n depth
. Residua l contaminatio n wa

s no t remove d betwee n thes e depths i n orde

r t o preserv e th e structura l integrity o f

houses
. Durin g th e implementatio n o f

th e remedy , al l sourc

e materia l encountere

d i n th e residentia l developmen

t wa s remove d an d residua l contamination abov

e cleanu p goal s wa s lef t beneat h 2 1 properties
. Al l 2 1 residentia l propert y owner s applied dee

d notice s t

o their propertie s wher

e residua l contamination remaine

d a t level s exceedin

g th e remedia l goal s establishe

d fo r th e Site
. Consisten

t wit h th e expectation s o f

th e ROD , dee

d notice s wer e applie d t

o si x propertie s wher

e residua l contamination remain s below approximatel

y 1 4 feet
. Th

e remainin g 1 5 propertie s requirin g dee d notice s hav

e residua l contamination shallowe

r tha n 1 4 feet
. Th

e residua l contamination remain s a t depth s tha t ar e inaccessibl

e through norma

l residentia

l activities
. Propert

y owner s ar e required t

o maintai n th

e propert y i n amanne

r tha t ensure s th e dee d notic e continue s t

o b e protective
. NJDE P i s t o conduc t biennia l inspection s an

d certif y th e continued protectivenes s o f al l residentia l propertie s containin g dee d notices
. I n additio n t

o residentia

l properties , o n Septembe r 2 , 2010 , th

e Borough o f

Manvill e applied dee

d notice s t

o portion s o f

Boroug h road s tha t contained residua

l level s o f creosot e abov e remediatio n goal s pursuan t t o th e 200 8 ESD
. A deed , notic e wa

s als o require d on th

e Rustic Mal l commercia l property . Th

e owner s applied adee

d notic e t o thi s propert

y o n Decembe

r 22 , 2011 , i n accordanc

e with th e remed y selecte d i n th e OU3 ROD
. Th

e commercia

l propert y owne r i s responsible t

o conduc t biennia l inspection s an

d provide certificatio n t

o NJDE P tha t specification s o f

th e dee d notic e continue t

o b e protective
. Community Relations Activities A ver y hig h leve l o f

communit

y concer n wa s demonstrate

d b y residents , commercia l propert y owners , busines s owners , an d boroug h official s a

t th e time th e Sit e wa s discovere d i n 1997
. Thi s leve l o f

communit

y concer n extende d t o th e completio n o f cleanu p activitie s i n 2008
. EP

A use d anumbe

r o f publi c outreac

h tool s t o interact wit h communit

y members
. Initially , publi c meeting s wer e use d t o conve y informatio n t

o th e community
. A t

thes e meetings , resident

s wer e informe do f

plan s fo r indoo r ai r sampling an

d soi l sampling on their properties
. A s results o f

th e sampling event

s wer e produced , EP

A held publi c availabilit y session s i n whic h EP

A representative s me

t wit h resident

s one-on-on

e t o discus s th e sampling results
. A s wit h th e publi c meetings , these publi c availabilit y session s wer e wel l attende

d an d preferre d b y man

y member

s o f th e community
. A Communit

y Advisor y Grou p (CAG ) comprise

d o f resident s fro mth e Claremon

t Developmen

t wa s forme dearl

y i n th e project
. Th

e CA G obtained informatio n fro mEP A 9an

dprovide dcommunit

y input on th e implementatio n o f

fieldactivitie s associate

d wit h investigations , design an

dremedia l construction
. A s th

e projec t move d through th

e remedia l investigatio n to th

e remedia l desig n an dremedia l action , th

e on-sit e presenc e o f equipmen t an d contracto

r personne l associate

d wit h these activitie s gaine d highe r visibilit y an

d becam e mor e intrusiv e t

o th e community
. EP

A recognized th

e nee d t o increas e communit

y relation s activities , an

dprovide d frequen

t fac t sheet s t o resident s an d busines s owners . Informational fac t sheet s wer e distribute d immediately befor e field activitie s wer

e t o tak e plac e i n a

n are ao f th e community
. Th

e fac t sheet s informe dth

e communit

y o f Sit e activitie s suc

h a s utilit y mark-offs , roa

dclosures , equipmen

t t o b e use d fo r upcomin g work , numbe

r o f personne l involve di n th

e wor k an d th e duratio n o f th e wor k a s wel l a s upcomin g meetings
. Sinc e th e fac t sheet s coul dbe producedquickl y an ddelivere ddoor-to-door , the y wer e use d t o conve y valued informatio n t

o communit

y member s on shor t notice
. I n addition , EP

A distribute d periodi c newsletters informin g th e communit

y o f cleanu p progres s an

dplan s fo r

future cleanu

p activities
. EP

A hel d multipl e interview s wit h differen t

medi a(newspaper

, televisio n an

d radi o news ) t

o repor t o n progres s o f

th e Sit e investigatio n an

dcleanu p activities
. Pres s event

s wer e als o hel d on occasio n t o announc

e majo r milestone s o f

th e project
. Meetin g one-on-on e wit h residents a t their homes wa

s acritica l componen

t o f communit

y relation s activitie s a

t thi s Site
. A wide rang e o f issues wer

e addresse

d a t thes e meeting s suc

h a s acces s agreements , property-specifi c plan s fo r upcoming environmenta

l testin g an

d remediation , interpretatio n o f

sampling results , permanen t an dtemporar

y relocatio n assistance , an d residents ' concern s regarding intrusiv e remediatio n o f their properties
. Site Redevelopment To implemen

t th e remedy , EP

A purchase

d an ddemolished house

s o n 1 8 residentia

l properties
. Te

n o f these propertie s hav

e bee n sol dan dhav e bee n redevelope

d a s single

famil y residences
. Th

e remainin g eigh

t residentia

l propertie s hav

e bee n placedu

p fo r sal e by EPA
. Al l residentia

l propertie s hav

e bee n cleane du p to residentia

l standard

s t o allo w fo r residentia

l reuse . Th e 15-acr e commercia

l propert y ha s bee n include d i n th

e Borough o f

Manville' s redevelopmen

t zone . Al l building s on th e 15-acr e commercia

l propert y a t th e Site , excep

t fo r abowlin g alley , wer

e raze db y th e commercia

l propert y owner s t o accommodat

e redevelopmen

t plans
. EPA' s remedia

l action o f

th e commercia

l propert y immediately followe dth

e buildin g demolitio n conducte d b y th e propert y owners . Th

e Rusti c Mall' s redevelopmen

t pla n call s fo r

mixe dcommercia

l an dresidentia

l reuse o f th e property , an

d th e implementedremed

y support s thi s lan duse . III . Monitoring Result

s Th e remedia l actio n provide dfo r

arigorou s sampling an

d analysi s program . Specifically , sampling wa

s requiredan

dimplementedt

o protect on-sit e resident s an d on-sit e workers , an dt o confirmcomplianc e wit h RAOs
. Dail y real-tim e ai r monitorin g wa

s conducte

d withi n th e perimete

r o f th e remediatio n are

at o detec t an d quantif y tota l volatil e organi c 1 0compounds an d respirable particulates
. I n addition , confirmator y soi l samples wer

e take n fo r Sit e contaminants whereve

r additiona l contaminatio n wa

s suspecte d o r know n t o occur . Samples o f

backfil l wer

e analyze d t o ensur e th e NJDEP' s soi l qualit

y requirements wer

e met . I n additio n to ai

r an d soi l sampling conducte

d durin g al l phase

s o f th e remediation , th

e OU3 RO D calle d fo r

long-ter mgroundwate

r monitoring
. Th

e objectiv e o f

th e long-ter m groundwate

r monitorin g i s t

o asses s th e migratio n an

d attenuation o f

creosot e i n groundwate

r ove r time
. IV . Summar

y o f Operation an

d Maintenanc

e Operation , maintenance an d monitorin g activitie s a

t th e sit e include : maintenance o f eigh t EPA-acquired residentia

l properties ; sal

e o f th e eigh t remainin g EPA-acquired residentia l properties ; maintenance o f th e institutional controls ; long-term , on-sit e an d off-sit e groundwate

r monitoring ; an

d adjustments and/o

r modification s t

o th e groundwate

r monitorin g systems . A s par t o f th e monitorin g program , groundwate r wil l continue t

o b e sample d t o monito r plum e properties , includin g it s exten t ove r time t o verif y tha t th e plum e wil l no t expan d o r pos e a n unacceptabl

e ris k t o huma n healt h an d th e environment
. To date , nine rounds o f

groundwate

r sampling event

s hav e bee n complete

d i n th e overburde n an d th e intermediat

e an d dee p bedroc k zones. . Th

e first tw o rounds occurred i n 199 9 prio r t o th e excavation o f

sourc e materia l an d contaminate

d soi l a t th e former lagoon s an

d canals
. Th

e long-ter mmonitorin g o f

groundwate

r wa s initiate di n 200

5 b y sampling 3 0 monitorin g well s an d ha s continued on a

n annua l basis
. I n 2007 , 1 8 ne

w well s wer e adde d t o th e monitorin g wel l networ k t o replace monitorin g well s abandone d durin g soi l remediatio n an d t o further refin e groundwate

r qualit y monitoring
. I n 2008 , base d o n historica

l analytica

l results , contaminan

t distribution , an

d monitorin g wel l location , 2 8 well s wer

e designate

d t o b e sample d on a n annua l basis
. Contaminan

t concentration s hav

e decrease

d i n th e majority o f

monitorin g well s sample d since 199 9 withi n th

e T I zone . Th

e remova l o f sourc e materia l throug h th e remedia l action , an d th e aging o f creosot e (being release

d fo r mor e tha n 6 0 years ) ma

y resul t i n th e remainin g fractio n o f

contaminant

s t o b e les s soluble an

d les s mobile
. Thi s i s consisten t wit h th e limite ddetection s o f

creosote-relate

d contaminants fro mmonitorin g well s downgradien

t o f th e sources . I n addition , monitorin g well s outsid e o f th e T I zon e d o no t sho w contaminan

t concentration s abov

e federal , stat

e or risk-base d levels
. Therefore , dat aevaluatio n support

s tha t th e plum e i s stabl e an d conclude s tha

t i t i s no t migratin g outsid e th e footprin t

o f th e T I zone . Base

d o n th e evaluatio n o f

natura l attenuation parameters , th

e geochemica

l characteristic s o f

th e groundwate

r i n th e vicinit y o f

th e remainin g creosot

e sourc e area s indicat e th e occurrence o f

natura l attenuation vi ath

e anaerobi c pathway , thoug

h no t t o adegre e tha t woul dlikel y resul

t i n th e aquife r reaching ARAR s i n th

e foreseeabl

e future
. 1 1V . Demonstratio n o f Cleanu p Activit y QA/Q C Th e Remedia

l Actio n Report

s fo r OU 1 Phas

e 1 date d Jul y 2005 , OU 1 Phas

e 2 date d Augus t 2008 , OU 1 Phas

e 3 date d August 2006 , OU

2 Phas e 1 date d Jul y 2005 , OU2 Phas e 2 date d Augus t 2008 , an d OU 3 date d Augus t 2008 , foun dtha

t th e constructio n activitie s a

t th e Sit e wer e consisten

t wit h th e approve d constructio n plan s (Design Reports , Sit

e Managemen

t Plan , Sampling Analysi s an d Monitorin g Plan , Perimete r Ai r Monitorin g Plan , De-watering Plan , Wast e Managemen

t Plan , Excavation an

d Handlin g Plan , Healt

h an d Safet y Plan , an d Qualit y Assurance Projec t

Plan)
. Th e constructio n contracto

r adhere d t o th e approve d Contracto

r Qualit y Contro l Plan
. Th e constructio n Qualit

y Assuranc

e Projec t Pla n (QAPP) incorporated al l USAC E an d EP A requirements
. Al l confirmator y inspections , independen t testing , an

d evaluation s o f material s an

d workmanshi

p wer e performe d i n accordanc e wit h th e constructio n drawings , technica

l specification s an

d QAPP
. Constructio n qualit y assuranc

e wa s performe d b y th

e USACE
. Th

e EP A remedia

l projec t manage r visite dth e Sit e o n a weekly basis , an

d variou s stat

e regulators visite d th

e Sit e approximatel

y onc e ever y thre e month s durin g constructio n activitie s t o review constructio n progres s an d evaluat e qualit y assurance/qualit

y contro l (QA/QC ) activities
. Groundwate

r monitorin g ha

s bee n conducte

d i n accordanc

e wit h th e EPA-approved Groundwate

r Monitorin g Program
. Th e long-ter mgroundwate

r monitorin g calle d fo r

i n th e OU3 ROD , wa

s institute d t

o collec t dat aon contaminan

t concentration s an

d plum e propertie s a

t th e Site
. A Sampling an

d Analysi s Plan , Fiel dSampling Plan , an d aQAP P hav e bee n developed t

o execut e th e long-ter mgroundwate

r monitoring
. Th e QA/Q C progra

muse d throughou

t th e remedia l action s wa

s rigorou s an

d i n conformanc e wit h EP

A standards ; therefore , EP A ha s determined tha

t al l analytica

l results ar e accurat e t o th e degre e neede d t o assur e satisfactor

y execution o f

th e remedia l actions , an

d tha t the y ar e consisten

t with th e ROD an d th e remedia l design plan s an

d specifications
. VI . Five-Yea r Revie

w Hazardou s substances , pollutants , o r contaminants wil l remai

n a t th e Sit e abov e level s tha t allo w fo r unlimite dus

e an d unrestricte d exposure . I n accordanc e with CERCLA Sectio n 12 1 (c) , th

e remedie s a

t th e Sit e wil l b e reviewed n

o les s tha n ever y five years . Th e first five-year

review wa

s complete

d i n Jun e 2007
. A secon

d five-year

revie w wa

s completed o n Ma

y 3 , 2012
. Thi s secon

d five-year

review determine

d tha t th e implemented action s a

t th e sit e currentl y protect

huma n healt h an d th e environmen

t becaus e soi l excavation activitie s an d institutional control s preven t direc t exposur e t o contaminated soils
. Th

e nex t five-year

revie w wil l b

e complete

d b y Ma y 2017
.

1 2VTI . Sit e Completion Criteri a Thi s Sit e meet s al l th e sit e completio n requirements a s specifie d i n OSWE

RDirectiv e 9320.2-22 , Clos e Ou

t Procedure s fo r

Nationa l Prioritie s Lis t

Sites
. Th e implemented remedie s achiev

e th e degre e o f cleanu p an d protectio n specifie d i n th e ROD s fo r

al l pathway s o f

exposure . Specifically , al l action s specifie d i n th e 1999 , 2000 , an

d 200 2 ROD s hav

e bee n implemented
. Excavation s o f sourc e materia l an d soil s exceedin

g th e Site-specifi c cleanu

p goal s hav

e bee n completed an

d hav e bee n backfille dwit h clea

n fill. Confirmator

y samplin g verifie s tha

t th e remedia l activitie s hav

e achieve d th e RO D cleanu p objective s outsid

e th e dee d restricte d areas . Institutional control s ar e i n plac e to furthe r preven t potentia l exposure s t

o th e public
. Groundwate

r ARAR s wer

e waive d through aT I waive

r withi n th e overburde

n an d bedroc k zones o f th e 119-acr e T I area . Th e plum e i s stabl e an d contaminants ar

e not detecte d abov e federal , stat

e o r risk-based level s outsid

e o f th e T I zone . Al l selecte

d remedia

l an d remova l actions , RAO s an

d associate d cleanu p goal s ar e consisten

t wit h agenc

y polic y an

d guidance
. Th e continuin g effort s a

t th e Sit e ar e th e annua l long-ter mgroundwate

r monitorin g activities , biennia

l inspection s an

d certification s fo r

deed-notice

d properties , an

d conducting futur e five-year reviews
. A bibliography o f al l document

s relevan t t o th e completio n o f

th e wor k a t th e Sit e unde r th e Superfund progra

mi s attached
.

1 3Bibliography

Ro y F
. Weston , Inc. , Focused Engineerin g Evaluation/Cos t Analysi s fo r

th e Subsurfac e Soil s Associate dwit

h th e Histori c Canal s an dLagoon s a t th e Federal Creosot

e Site , Apri l 6 , 1999
. Roy F
. Weston , Inc. , Engineerin g Evaluation/Cos t Analysi s fo r

th e Subsurfac e Soil s Associate dwit

h th e Histori c Canal s an dLagoon s a t th e Federal Creosot

e Site , Apri l 6 , 1999
. Environmenta

l Protectio n Agency , Recor do f Decisio n Federal Creosot e Superfun dSite , Septembe r 28 , 1999
. CD M Federa

l Program

s Corporation , Draft'Fina l Focused Feasibility Stud y Report , Federa l Creosot

e Superfun dSite , Remedia l Investigation/Feasibilit

y Study , Apri l 7 , 2000
. Environmenta

l Protectio n Agency , Recor do f Decisio n Federal Creosot e Superfun dSite , Septembe r 29 , 2000
. CD M Federa

l Program

s Corporation , Draf

t Fina l Focused Feasibility Stud y Report , Addendu mfo r Operable Uni t

3 , Rusti c Mal l Investigation , Federal Creosot e Superfun d Site , Jun e 15 , 2001
. CD M Federa

l Program

s Corporation , Draf

t Fina l Feasibility Stud

y Report , Operabl e Uni t 3 , Groundwater , Surfac e Water , an dSediment

, Remedia l Investigation/Feasibility , Federal Creosot

e Superfun dSite , Augus t

10 , 2001
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l Program

s Corporation , Draf

t Fina l Remedia

l Investigatio n Repor

t fo r Operable Uni t

3 , Groundwater , Surfac e Water , an dSediment

, Federal Creosot

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y Study , Jul y 10 , 2001
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l Protectio n Agency , Recor do f Decisio n Federal Creosot e Superfun dSite , Septembe r 29 , 2002
. CD M Federa

l Program

s Corporation , Addendu

mt o Draf t Fina l Feasibility Stud

y Report , Operable Uni t

3 , Groundwater
. Surfac e Wate r an dSediment

, Remedia

l Investigation/Feasibilit

y Stud y Federal Creosot

e Superfun dSite , Jun

e 28 , 2002
. CD M Federa

l Program

s Corporation , Remedia

l Actio n Repor

t Federal Creosot

e Superfun dSit

e OU 1 Phas e 1-Lagoo

n B , Jul y 2005
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